•

THE DANISH

INGOLF-EXPEDITION.

VOL. II, PART 3.

CONTENTS:

R. BERGH: NUDI BRANCHIATE GASTEOROPODA.

PUBLISHED AT THE COST OF THE GOVERNMENT

BY
THE DIRECTION OF THE ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY.

'li*A<U*>

« v* :*■:*.' ■■>••-

COPENHAGEN.

H. HAGERUP.

BIANCO MJNO r DKKYKl: PKISTRK TO III! .'I

lqoo.

THE DANISH INGOLF-EXPEDITION.

SECOND VOLUME.

3.

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA.

BY

R. BERGH.

WITH 5 PLATES.

->4K5Xf<-

COPENHAGEN.

BIANCO LUNO (F. DREYER), PRINTER TO THE COURT.

1900.

CONTENTS.

Nudibranchiate Gasteropoda.

Page

Nudibranchiata holohepatica 2 — 19,

Dorididae phanerobranchiatae 2 — 3

Lamellidoris muricata 2 — 3

Dorididae cryptobranchiatae 3 — 19

Cadlina repanda 4— 5

Aldisa zetlandica 5 — 7

Bathydoris Ingolfiana 8 — 15

Doridoxa Ingolfiana 16 — 18.

— Ingolfiana, var iS — 19

Xudibranchiata cladohepatica 19—43

Tritoniadae 19 — 22

Candiella Ingolfiana 19 — 22,

Atthilidae 22 — 26,

Atthila Ingolfiana 23 — 26.

Dendronotidae 26 — 30,

Page

Dendronotus robustus 26—30

arborescens 30.

Aeolidiadae 30 — 43

Coryphella sp. (anonyma) 31 — 32

sp 32

salmonacea 33 — 34

salmonacea, var 34 — 35

Gonieolis typica 36

— intermedia 36—37

— atypica 37— 40,

Amphorina Alberri 41 —42

Galvina sp. (anonyma) 42—43,

Explanation of the plates 44 — 49.

41 892

Nudibranchiate Gasteropoda.

By

R. Bergh.

Upon the whole and according to the experiences of deep-sea explorations, we can scarcely expect
any considerable result as to nudibranchiate gasteropoda, nor has such a result been obtained
by the Ingolf-Expedition, but it has as a compensation brought to light several very remarkable and
parti)- quite new forms.

The complete result was the following forms:

Nudibranchiata holohepatica.

i. L, a in e 1 1 i d o r i s muricata (O. F. Muller).

2. Cadlina repauda (A. et H.).

3. Aldisa zetlandica (A. et H.).

4. Bathydoris Ingolfiana, Bgh. n. sp.

5. D o r i d o x a Ingolfiana, Bgh. n. sp.

Nudibranchiata cladohepatica.

6. Candiella Ingolfiana, Bgh. 11. sp.

7. At t hi la Ingolfiana, Bgh. n. sp.

8. Dendronotus robustus, Verrill.

9. D. arborescens (O. F. Muller).

10. Coryphella sp.

11. Cor. sp.

12. C. salmonacea (Couth.).

13. Gonieolis intermedia, Bgh. n. sp.

14. Gon. atypiea, Bgh. n. sp.

15. Amphoriua Alberti, Quatrefages.

16. Gal viu a sp.

The nudibranchiate gasteropoda form two large groups: the holohepatic and the cladohepatic
nudibranchiata. They are chiefly and most generally distinguished by the structure of the liver, the
blood-gland, and the seminal vesicle.

The Ingolf-Expedition. II. 3. I

koroiM

ins have .1 liver without side-branches, but a gall-bladder; they
mhI and two seminal ( spermatheca and spermatocyst). In the

roup, which is very rich in Conns, the liver is branched, no blood gland is
side (spermatoc) st).

Nudibranchiata holohepatica.

R. Bergh, System der nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden ').

This family comprises onlj the Dorididae together with the Doriopsidae and the Phyllidiadae
is the dubious and somewhat deviating Corambidae Common to all i>i' them with the single
■ m of the Phyllidiadae is the gill which is formed of more or less, single or compound, lea

not retractile, and is placed in the median line of the hack, as well as
the position of the anal aperture, which, in consequence of the position of the gill, is found behind
in the arch <>r rinj^ formed by the gill-leaves.

The Dorididae have a strong bulbus pharyngeus, often provided with labial plates, but almost
with the exception of the Bathydoridae) wanting real mandibles.

Doridii lae | >haner< >1 iranchiatae.
I am. Goniodorididae.

Lamellidoris, Aid. et 1 lane
R. Bergh, System der nudibranch. Gasteropoden. I.e. 1892. p. 1152 — 1154.

This genus, which belong to the sucking phanerobranchiate Dorididae (the < ■oniodorididaci is
distinguished from the Adalariae, which it resembles very much in outei structure, by the presence of
two prominent chitinous lists below in the inner mouth, and by the narrow radula that has only one
' plate.

The Lamellidoridae belong almost exclusively to the colder seas.

Lamellidoris muricata 1'). I". Muller).

K. Bergh, on the nudibr. gaster. moll, of the north pacific ocean (Scientific res. of the explor. of Alaska.

Vol.I. art V— VI), second part 1880. p.221— 224. PI. IX, fig. 18; PhXI, fig. 10 12.

P1.V, fig. 31 32.

< >i this species two specimens were taken on the iG& of May [895 at Trangisvaag between
Laminarix and red algae.

The smaller individual was milv 0-5""" long, the larger one, which was examined more closely,

The colour was whitish with a yellow tinge, the rhinophores were yellow.
The outer form was the common one; the tubercles , „i the back were powerful, most of them
rather truncate; the rhinophores ami ti had the common form; the number of gill-leaves was

they wire to be discerned.

Reiseu im . der Philippines II, in. .Will Heft r o 1 160.

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA.

Of the intestines only the bulbus pharyngens was examined. It had a length of imm by
a breadth of r25mm, and it measured in height with its beautiful large sucking crop that resembles
a double kettle-drum (fig. 32), also r25mm; the sheath of the radnla projected strongly from the posterior
end. The tongue had thirteen rows of teeth, in the sheath of the radnla were 21 rows, of which the
three hindmost ones had not yet been fully developed; thus the total number of rows of teeth was
34'). The lateral teeth were slightly yellowish, the others colourless; the length of the median false
tooth-plates (fig. 31 a) was o-o5,nm; the height of the lateral teeth (fig. 31 b) was o-iomm, and of the outer-
most teeth (fig. 31 c) about cro6'"m. The lateral teeth had the common form , very finely denticulated,
but not quite to the point, the number of the denticles appeared to be 15 — 20. The outermost teetli
were of the common form.

This species is, especially by the structure of its radnla (by the denticulated lateral teeth),
easily distinguished from the typical Lam. bilamellata (L.); on the other hand I think it questionable
whether Lam. variaus and hystricina which I have established (1. a), are not mere varieties of Lam. muricata.

Dorididae cryptobranchiatae.
Fam. Cadlinidae.

R. Bergh, System d. uudibranchiaten Gasteropodeu. I.e. 1892. p. n 00.

Beside the Bathydoridae and a few Chromodoridae2) the Cadlinidae are the only cryptobranchiate
Dorididae with rhachidian tooth plates. The family comprises the genera Cadliua and Tyrinna>)\
the latter is distinguished from the former by a peculiar form of tentacles and by the penis having
no thorny armature.

Cadlina, Bgh.

R. Bergh, Rep. on the Nudibranchiata (Explor. of Alaska) I. 1879. p. 114 (1701 — 125 (181)).
malakolog. Unters. Heft XVIII. 1892. p. 11 00.
die Opisthobranchier (Report — Albatross). 1894. p. 168.

The Cadlinae are of an elongated-oval, somewhat depressed form. The back is covered with
fine, a little pointed papillae, not very densely set; the gill is composed of a few bi- and tripinnate leaves;
the tentacles are short, lobelike; the foot is rather powerful, with a rounded fore end with marginal
furrow.

■) The (2) specimens (from the neighbourhood of Bergen) which I have examined before, showed 32 and 44 rows of teeth.

-) While in several Chromodoridae rhachidian thickenings are found in the radnla that may simulate median tooth-
plates, those thickenings are in a few forms, in Chromod. punciilucens and scabriuscula (R. Bergh, rep. on the Nudibran-
chiata (Blake-Exped.l. Bull. Mus. of compar. zool. Harvard college. XIX, 3. 1S90. p. 164. PI. 1, fig. 7 a -- p. 162. PI. I, fig. 13 a,
14), and in Chrom. juvenca (Zool. Jahrb. , Supplem. Fauna chilensis. 189S. p. 532. Taf. 31, fig. 7 a) developed into real median
tooth-plates.

i) 1. c. Fauna chilensis. 1S9S. p. 523— 526. Taf. 30, fig. 21 — 29; Taf. 32, fig. 21 — 24.

ROl \

■ak. almost ringshaped labial plate, composed oi densely
meats with cleft points. The radula has small median tooth-plates and
ith denticulated margins Glans penis is provided with rows of small thorns.

re known, chiefly from the cold seas, and then sp
ubt, possiblj these forms belong to one and the same species.

i. C. repanda (A. et Hi.

M. atlant or. et occ

2. C. glabra (Friele et Arm. Hansen).
M. ail. or. septentr.

3. (". Clarae, Jher.

M. mediterr,

4. ('. pacifica, 1:

M. pacific, septentr.

Cadlina repanda (Aid. et llano.

R. Bergh, 1. c 1879, p. 115(171) i^ipm. PLV, fig. 15; PL VI, fig.2i 22; PI. VII, fig. 9— 18;
PI. VIII, fig 3-6.
I.e. [894 p. 169 — 171. Taf. VII, fig. 4— 11.

PL II, Kg. 16 19.

At station 27 i. e. on 64 54' Lat N. and 55 [o'Long. W. a single specimen of this species was
d at a depth of 393 faths (temp. 3°8).

The specimen that had been preserved in alcohol of 70% showed a chiefly whitish colour, and

mewhat stiff and frangible consistency. The length was 13""" by a breadth of /mm and a

■; the breadth of the foot was 3""", the length 10"""; the breadth of the mantle-edge was

; the height of the almost outstretched rinophoria 2""", and of the retracted -ill likewise 2""".

The miter form was as usual in this species. The club of the rhinophoria strongly perfoliate;

there appeared only to be seven gill-leaves; the genital papilla as usual.

The skin was densely stuffed with very long, slightly yellowish, cylindrical spicules, sometimes
slightly and sparsely rugged on the surface, strongly calcified, and measuring 0-025""" m diameter.

The bulbns pharyngeus was strong, of a length of 275"" with the radula-sheath

UOUS on the under part of the posterior end; the elements of the broad, yellow, ring-

a height of o-075mm (fig. 16). The tongue was broad and flat; the almost

56 rows, and further backward appeared still 50 rows, the four hindmost

Inch were not yet quite consolidated; thus the total number of rows was 86. The number of

was in the hindmost part of the tongue 44'). The tooth-plates were almost

the length of the median teeth rose to 004""", and the height of the lateral teeth rose to

fore examined individuals was 51 70 and 96; the number of tooth-

ind 31. I- the number of tin- series of teeth was 1.; 85, ind "i tin- plates in

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA.

0.10min The median plates showed on the hooked part outward to each side 2( — 3) denticles (fig. 17a);
the lateral plates (fig. 17, 18) were quite as before described.

Also the salivary glands, the intestinal canal, and the yellow liver were as before described.

The anterior genital mass was large; the ampulla of the hermaphrodite duct, the seminal
vesicles, the two parts of the seminal duct, and the penis-sac were as usual; the armature belonging
to the glans penis and part of the seminal duct (fig. 19) showed the thorns in great numbers and
of a length of up to 0-030""". The mucous gland was milk-white.

Fam. Diaululidae.

R. Bergh, System d. nudibranch. Gasteropoden. 1892. p. 1097 — 1100.

This (provisional) family includes forms with a somewhat flattened body and most frequently
with a finely villous back. The tentacles are of a tubercle- or finger-like shape; the branchial cleft is
roundish and most frequently crenate, with tripinnate gill-leaves. - - The labial disk is unarmed. The
narrow rhachis of the radula is nakked; its pleurae bear many tooth-plates, and these, at least the
greater part of them, are hook-shaped. The penis is mostly unarmed.

The family contains several rather distinctly marked generic forms. Of the nearly related
genera Diaidula and Gargamella the latter is distinguished by a strong armature of the penis (of the
same kind as in Platydoris and Hoplodoris). TJwrdisa and Aldisa have small tubercle -like tentacles;
but in the former the outermost tooth-plates are comb-shaped, while the tooth-plates in Aldisa are
erect, staff-shaped, and the penis armed with rows of thorns. The genus Trippa has the back covered
with villous tubercles, and particular salivary glands of the oral tube (gland, ptyalinac). Halgcrda has
a smooth back, a narrower foot, and the outermost tooth-plates are serrated. The teeth of the genus
Baptodoris are somewhat like those of Halgcrda, but the penis is here armed with series of thorns (as
in the Phvllidiadae and the Doriopsidae). The body of Pcltodoris is more stiff, and the back finely
granulated. The genus Phialodoris agrees as to the outer form with the last-mentioned genus, but its
penis is of a very deviating shape.

Aldisa, Bgh.
R. Bergh, 1. c. 1892. p. 1098.

Aldisa zetlandica (Aid. et Hanc).
Tab. V, fig. 17—23-

One specimen of this species was taken at station 27 i. e. on 66°33' Lat. N. 20°05' Long. W., at
a depth of 44 fathoms (temp. 5°6).

Preserved in alcohol it measured in length nmm by a breadth of 6mm and a height of 4,mn;
the length of the foot was 9-5'"'" by a breadth of 4-5mm; the diameter of the branchial cleft was 2mm,
and the gill-leaves reached to a height of imm. The colour of the back was a light lemon-colour,
but the tubercles were whitish; the rhinophoria and the gill-leaves were yellow; the lower side of
the whole body was yellowish white.

The form was oblong-oval, the lateral edges however rather parallel, the rounded anterior
and posterior end of the same breadth. The back was everywhere covered with small; a little pointed

PO

,l.\

• tin n i . i •_; u 1 1 \ in well as the whole back, fine spicules; the margin

with quite small tubercles, which is also the case with the

The strong club of the rhinophoria appeared to contain

es, tri pinnate; almost in the middle of tin the but little

nind. Th the not verj broad mantle-edge showed oblique

. from without The genital papilla had two openings. The

ml on each side of it was found the short, truncate tentacle. The foot was anteri-

ith a marginal furrow, the foot-brim narrow; the tail rather short, rounded at the end

nervou > m (fig. 171 showed the cerebral and pleural ganglia to be

ned, almost of the same size, roundish; the pleural ones situated (fig. 17 Kin outside the

The pedal ganglia (fig. 17 cc) were lying behind the former pair, also of a roundish

rebral ones, and connected by a rather short commissure The bulb-

rimal olfactorj ganglia were almost sessile (fig. 17); the roundish buccal ganglia were

connected with each othei bj a not quite short commissure.

Tin- black 1 j. 171 were quite short-stalked. The otocysts (fig. 17, t8) were lying on

the uppermost edge of the pedal ganglia, measured in diameter o-io'nm, and contained a rather great
numbei of round and oval, firm otoconia of a diameter of 0-007 — 0-013"" (Fig. t8). The leaves of the
club of the rhinophore, as well as its axis and the stalk contained numerous spicules exactly of
the same kind as those found everywhere in the skin, especially in large numbers in the back with
and in the lower side of the mantle-brim. These spicules arc long, staff-shaped, cylindrical,
ere and there also a little rugged, straight <>r slightly bent, strongly calcified, clear as glass, and
: up to o-03'nm; they are, as is usual with this kind of spicules upon the whole, easily
u, and were often found broken into many piei
The short and powerful bulbus pharyngeus together with the thick, strongly projecting
radula-sheath measured in length ->'""'; the labial disk was covered with a simple, colourless cuticle.
le was broad and flat, and appeared to contain 25 rows of teeth, of which the foremost
ry incomplete, and the tooth-plates to a great extent broken; farther back in the radula-sheath
med to lie found, of which the hindmost were not yet completely developed; thus the
number of the rows seemed to be 51. The odontogenous cells of the radula-pulp were arranged
in 1' rming the long tooth-plates. The number of tooth-plates in the series was con-

it could not he made out. The tooth-plates were completely colourless; the outermost were
_\ while the largest were at least 0-35mm. The tooth-plates were of the peculiar, before
-. long, flattened, and thin, at the point a little broader (measuring 0-013"""), formed
n, in the point and in part of one edge provided with quite fine and pointed denticles
the outerm h-plates were less long and denticulated lor a longer way (fig.

whitish salivarj glands v. small mass on each side of the lore end of

short; the stomach oblong, of about the same length as the bulbus

• lii.il mass was a little oblong, rather large. The glans penis (fig. 2\)

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA.

7

jected in a length of 0'i6mra and with a diameter of 0'o8mm from the anterior genital aperture; it was
on the foremost part of the outside and inwardly covered with apparently irregularly arranged (fig. 22)
colourless, straight, and a little bent thorns of a height of 0-007 — o-oi6uim, rising from a little flat base
(fig. 23) '). The thorny armatnre is continued for a (short) way into the seminal dnct.

Fam. Bathydorididae.

R. Bergh, System 1. e. 1892. p. 1090.

Bathydoris, Bgh.

Report on the Nudibranchiata. Challenger-Exped. Zool. Vol. X. 1884. p. 109.

Corpus fere semiglobosum, sat molle; dorsum papillis couicis parvis ubique sparsis praeditum,
margine palliali vix ullo; rhinophoria retractilia clavo perfoliato; tentacula sat magna, nonnihil appla-
nata, acuminata; branchia e fasciculis discretis complnribus (6 — 10) frutieulosis 11011 retractilibus for-
mata; podarium sat latum.

Bulbus pharyngeus permagnus; armatura labialis nulla; mandibulae magnae, sat applanatae,
margine masticatorio laevi, processu masticatorio uullo; series radulae multidentatae, deute mediano
et dentibus lateralibus liamo forti obliquo instructis praeditae.

Penis fortis, inermis, fissura laterali coeea, apertura apicali.

This genus was established on a specimen taken during the Challenger Expedition almost in
the middle of the Pacific from a depth of 2425 fathoms where the temperature was i° C.

By the semiglobular form of the body, the separate branchial tufts, and the papillae spread
over the back, the Bathydoridae remind not a little of the, otherwise far different, genus Kalinga be-
longing to the Polyeeradae, as also, by the position of its branchial tufts, of the Hexabranchidae2). The
gigantic bulbus pharyngeus differs essentially from that in all other Dorididae; it is provided with
powerful lateral mandibles as those in Bornella and Scvllaca , and as in these genera the}' are on
the fore side covered by a thick muscular plate. The armature of the tongue resembles that in
the Tritoniadae. As in Bornella and Scyllaca the hermaphrodite gland is quite separated from the liver.

The Bathydoridae appear to form a remarkable connecting link between the Dorididae and the
Tritoniadae, showing also a certain resemblance to the Bornellae and Scyllaeae; but they have also, as
other Dorididae, a blood-gland close to the central nervous system.

The Ingolf-Expedition has from the sea-bottom in the Davis Strait brought, as it would seem,
a new form of this genus, which accordingly now comprises

1. B. abyssorani. Bgh.

I.e. 1884. p. 109— 116. PL XII, fig. 14 — 20; pi. XIII, fig. 1 — 26; pi. XIV, fig. 15.

M. pacific.

2. B. Ingolfiana, Bgh.

M. atlant. arctic.

>) I have formerly overlooked this armature, which is only to be discovered with great difficultv.

-1 The number of gills seems in the BathvdoridEe to be much varying; as the tufts, of which die gills are composed,
ma3" be more or less independent, as is also the case in the Hexabranchidae. Comp. my malacolog. Enters.- Heft. XIII.
1878. p. 561 ; Heft. XVI. 18S9. p. 929.

. I ROPODA

Bath] doi la [ngolfiana, Bgh, n. sp.
latinosum, dorsum subpellucidum. Rhinophoria et tentacula brunnea, brau-

i aiuauti.ua, podarium e nigro purpureum.

II ah M -itl.n- ■

PI I: PL II, fig. i -2.

The onl) specimen of this remarkable form was taken on 59 12' Lat N., ^1 081 Long. W. (the

the I».i\is Strait, about West of Cape Farewell) from a depth ..1 [870 fathoms, l>y a

■in temperature According to the kind communication bj Prof, Juugi 1 en, tin trawl

tught ti]' a whole cart-load of large, linn blocks of clay, tin- substance of which reminded of

. ami seemed to contain no organisms, ami also a fluid, yellowish mud, in which w
found some Rhizopoda, small Crustacea (Isopoda, Tanaidae, Amphipoda, Ostracoda), and a few
"I Yoldia-like small bivalves, of Dentalia, ami <.t a form of Buccinida. Tin- swabs were
empty, and accordingly the bottom must certainly have been ] r. Of larger animals the same trawl-
ing only brought the common little deep-sea fish Cyclothone microdon, a pair of curious Actinia, and
stalked, cupshaped silicious sponge, as well as a characteristic red Planaria swimming edgewise,
and furthermore a Nemertine. Moreover was found in the meshes of the trawl an immense number
urless lumps of jelly, warty on the surface, and about the size of a hazel-nut.
The nature of the mentioned lumps of clay caused this animal to come up in a partly some-
what rubbed condition. It gave no sign of life at all, and did not contract when touched. It was
immediately put into 70 alcohol, and is said to have neither contracted much therein, nor altered
■nn.

The animal in its fresh state is stated to have been of an, as it were, somewhat gelatin-
ncy, and the somewhat scraped dorsal side quite transparent, so that the intestines might
seen through it. With the exception of the almost colourless back the animal was of a dark-brown-
viol mr, but much darker on the fo<

The animal, which is rather well preserved in the alcohol, showed on the back a light green-
ish white ground-colour, crossed through by a network with wide meshes of branched and anastomotic
blackbrown stripes, in the crossings of which were often seen small black rings with whitish centra
rtly from broken-off papillae?), similar very small and small rings were moreover found spread in
the meshes. Towards the foot the colour became velvet-black, and of this colour was also the back
and the upper side of the foot. The rhinophoria were yellowish, the fori- part of the
Mown, the tentacles brownish yellow; the exterior genitalia were yellowish; the "ills were
dirty brown, as was also the sole of the foot. The length of the animal was ()-;v"' by a height of
breadth of G"*; the foot was <>' " long by a largest breadth of V5m"1; the footbrim was
■ tbe tail Qg; the fore end of the head was about 2-fvm broad, each tentacle be-

lub -1 the rhinophore rm high; the diametei of the flat .^ills was 1 — 1 -5cm
.• height of the anal papilla 7mm; tli itium projected 6""n. The colossal folds of the vulva

■ high, and when spread from each other the) had a breadth of \,n by a length from above

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA.

The form of the animal is almost spherical (fig. i, 2), a little flattened on the lower side (the
foot), strongly reminding of a gigantic Ochidiopsis. Below the region of the rhinophoria a little for-
ward and a little behind is found a trace of a dorsal brim (fig. i), otherwise the back bends smoothly
and without anv distinct margin downwards and inwards towards the foot, so that the body has no
sides properly speaking; anteriorly the body passes without any distinct border into the head (fig. i).
To each side of the back of the neck the short-stalked club of the rhinophore (fig. i) was seen
projecting from its hole the edge of which was smooth; the club contained about 80 rather narrow
leaves. The fore-end of the head was large, roundish, rather flat (fig. 1) with vertical-oval aperture,
in which the light bluish-white labial disk appeared; from the sides of the head the strong, some-
what compressed, tapering (fig. 1) tentacle projected freely; the narrow chin below the head was
smooth (fig. 1). - - The evenly and strongly convex back (fig. 1, 2) was everywhere covered with
small, disk-like depressed or slightly elevated figures of a diameter of 0-5 — 2mm, the centra of which
were either further depressed or rose to a cone of a height of at most imm; the depression would seem
to have been caused by a strong retraction or a rubbing off of the little cone. Towards the fore end
of the back was seen on each side the projecting margin of the round holes of the rhinophoria, and
farther forward the but little conspicuous smooth dorsal edge behind the back of the neck (fig. 2).
On the hinder part of the back are seen the rather large, flat branchial tufts (fig. 1), placed in a
large circle, which is completed in the median line behind by the short and powerful anal papilla.
The number of the branchial tufts were 10; on the left side the three hindmost were drawn closer
together, and above these was one more isolated; on the right side three and three were closer
together. Each tuft showed a short, black-coloured stalk, from which 3—5 tri- and quadripennate
leaves spread flatly. The anal papilla was a little depressed, truncate, with a slightly crenate aper-
ture directed backward and downward (fig. 1). The rather large space circumscribed by the branchial
circle, showed a number of smaller and larger small diks like those on the other parts of the back;
forward and a little to the right, close to the hindmost branchial tuft of the foremost right group,
was seen the renal pore (fig. 1) a little projecting. — The sides of the body are quite low.
Anteriorly, on the right side, behind the region of the rhinophore, the outer genitals were seen,
foremost the opening of the prreputium with a little projecting fold, and behind it the adjoining vulva
with its two colossal, indented sidelobes (fig. 2). -- The foot is powerful, broad; the fore margin with
a deep transversal furrow (fig. 2), the side margins not very conspicuous, the tail rather short (fig. 1).
The intestines were nowhere to be seen from without; the coverings of the back were thin,
mostly only o'3mm thick; the thickness of the foot in the middle about 3"™. The intestines were by
short, cobweblike connective tissue attached to the foot and the sides of the back as well as to each other.
The broad and flat central nervous system resting on the hinder part of the bulbus
pharyngeus, was of a slightly yellowish white colour; its breadth was i6m,n by a length of the cere-
bral ganglia of up to 5"5'nm and a thickness of up to r$mm. It was wrapped in a very thin, but ad-
hering capsule, which was prolonged out on the larger nerves. The cerebral ganglia (pi. II,
fig. 2aa) are the largest, and anteriorly considerably broader1), the commissure between them short

r) On the before examined specimen (comp. 1. c. p.m. pi. XIV, fig. 4) the hindmost part of the supraoesophagal
ganglion was thin, and was li\ me wrongly interpreted as belonging to the pleural ganglion.

The Ingolf-Expedition. II. 3. 2

ODA

tin up] the lowi i themselves seemed to send off nerves, but

it least . from the indentation

•in the hindmost part of the lower side of the commissure

Tin- pleural ganglia were almost but half the size of the

ival conl ib ; thej sent off four thicker and a pair of quite thin

anglia (fig. 2cc that were connected, as it win.-. by a stalk with the

than the pleural; they sent off four strong nerves, one from the lower side.

immon commissure (i ug), as usual double (fig. 2d). The cerebro-buccal connective is

mmissure; the 1hk-c.i1 ganglia (fig. 2eei were of an ovally roundish shape

with a dian nd sent off five nerves; the rather strong buccal commissure (fig. 21) was

The nerve cells (of the pleural ganglia) were of a diameter of at least o-30mm; the nerves

re in their proximal part often a little reddish. In the skin was seen a rather rich network ol

.ml small ganglia, sending off branches to the small papillae of the skin1).

In spite ol .1 careful examination I did no mure in this individual than in the earlier examined

mil I in Ending eyes and otocysts, which nevertheless surely are not wanting2). The strongly

hinophores showed along the lore and hinder surface a strong median (transverselj folded)

rlia. id and upwards tapering, from which arise lamellae without spicules; the point

he club is tunned bj a little final papilla. Through a special cavity two strong nerves ascended,

mg and anastomosing muscular strings stretched through these organs. The -mall,

• if the skin were slightly depressed, with a projecting edge, and in the middle was often

- ontracted papula (pi. I, Kg. 3). X" spicules or calcified elements were found in

tlie skin at all.

The mouth-tube of this individual was quite short, the bulbus pharyngeus being projected,

that tlie bluish labial disk was lying in the outer mouth; the labial disk was short-oval, longer

in the direction from above downwards, its diameter was 1 _>""", in the middle was seen the narrow,

icular aperture of the inner mouth (pi. I, Kg. 2). The exceedingly powerful bulbus pharyn-

pl. I, Bg.4; pi. II, fig. ib) was of a whitish colour; only in the region of the pharynx the

underlying colour shone through with a bluish tint; the bulb was vj :" long by a breadth of y?'" and

a height idula sheath projecting in a semiglobular form posteriorly mi the lower surface

had at it- base a diameter of 13""". The rather Strong Mm. bulbo-tubales (Protrusores

bulbil were as ha- shown before |. The bulbus pharyngeus (fig. p is by a rather sharp crest

margin of the mandibles), only interrupted on the lower surface, divided into a smaller and nar-

rmer part, and a rather larger hinder part; on the sides behind the mentioned crest the latter

•rlv passing evenly into the common prominences produced by the tongue-

the pharynx The upper side of the bulbus pharyngeus (fig. n is strongly

2. pi XIV

P/euroloma, obtained .11 .1 depth of 2090 faths, in a Fit sax from a depth ol
and iu other mollusks; the preseno in animals from tl

ighl , not be incomprehensible. < >n the other hand .1 rather large number
1 number oi abyssal Crustacea without eyes have been found. Com].. Semper,
■ ■

MIUHRAXCHIATE GASTEROPODA. II

convex; the anterior half between the projecting hinder edges of the mandibles is flattened and a little
hollowed; the posterior half is evenly convex, and from its middle arises the oesophagus, on either
side of which is seen a slight hollow with the apertures of the ducts of the salivary glands.
The sides of the bulbns pharyngens are evenly convex with a hollow behind the margins of the
mandibles (fig. 4). The lower side is anteriorly slightly convex with a hollow behind the mar-
gins of the mandibles, and behind this rises the strong radnla-sheath (fig. 4 e). As in the Pleuro-
phvllidiae and the Pleurolenridae, in Hero and Bornclla, and even in Scyllaea a thick muscular
plate (fig. 4,1) covering the greater part of the anterior surface of the mandibles, is found behind
and around the little labial disk; this plate showed a little below the middle of the fore side
a transverse, rather broad furrow; the thickness of the plate was about the region of the upper end
of the labial disk up to o,mni, decreasing upwards and downwards as well as towards the margins.
From the inner margin of the labial disk its coating continues as a thick dark blue or almost
black blue covering over the whole inside of (i. e. the opening of) the muscular plate, and attaches
near the free margin of the mandible '), in the middle at a distance of 6mm from it, but upwards and
downwards approaching it, until the attachment in the uppermost and nethermost places almost
reaches quite to the edge. Above and below the same coating continues through the upper and
lower end of the slit between the margins of the mandibles to the backside of these, where it is
attached in quite a similar manner as on the foreside, the naked margin of the mandibles being, how-
ever, here only 4mm broad in the middle. The covering is continued into the coating of the buccal
cavitv. When this muscular plate is removed the mandibles are naked ; the right one covered (pi. I,
fig. 6) with its marginal portion the margin of the left one (in the same manner as in the before ex-
amined form 1. The mandibles are strong and large, 29,nm long by a breadth of up to i7mm; resting
on the outer margin the mandible rose to a height of i8'nm; in the marginal part the thickness rose
to almost 2mm. Thev were of a fine horn-yellow colour, almost the whole of the inner half being
brown vellow. Their form (fig. 6) is oval, a little more rounded below than above (fig. 6a); the inner
edge is a little more projecting than the outer one, and tapers a little more towards the middle. The
mandibles are evenly bent from above downward ; they are thickest where the blue coating is attached,
decreasing in thickness towards the edge, especially towards the outer one, which is still somewhat
soft; thev are quite smooth on the surfaces, very finely concentrically and radially striated; the
masticatory edge was almost smooth. The mandibles join, and are immediately connected with each
other at the upper end, below they are a little apart (fig. 6). - The mandibles being removed the
anterior end of the muscular masses of the mandibles are uncovered, the colour of the inside of these
muscles (the cheeks) is dark blue, as is also that of the other parts of the buccal cavity, as well as
the tongue and the tectum raduke, to which the brown radula forms a rather strong contract. — The
tongue (pi. I, fig- 5) is very powerful, of the usual form, with a deep slit; in the buccal cavity it
projected jmm, and measured above from the base of the tectum radulse 15°"" in length; its height
(from above downward) was io,mm, and its breadth also igmm; the tectum radulae had a length of 7'5mm,
anteriorlv it reached to the middle of the height of the tongue-slit. The radula itself was reddish
brown, somewhat glistening, its marginal part of a purple brown; its continuation into the sheath

M Conip. 1. c. p. 113. pi. XIII. fig. 4.

HIM

•■..in the tongue it measured with its continuation .

. •' ' in thi radula was found th (mea-

ther back 24 rows, about six of which were not yet fully d<

,1 numbei « \K.mt the twentj foremost rows were more or less incomplete,

ten injured In the rows were found up to ti6 tooth-plates on each side of the

The lengtli of the median t< >« >t1 1 was about o a breadth of <>■22•"•••^, the lateral

the lengths of the <> outermost teeth were: o |o 0*43

The median tooth is flat, rather thin, somewhat lengthened (fig.7a, 8) with

I a straight hinder margin over which projects a little truncate, median

ibliquely in .1 short rounded hook (and the hooks on all the median teeth

run. The lateral teeth (fig.9— longer, and have a much more powerful

which the tapering hook rises obliquely and rather slantingly; the margins of the hook,

Ij the inner on< freely anteriorly; otherwise the length and breadth of the hook is

-what varying. Towards the margin of the rasp the lateral teeth decreased (fig. 12 141 consider-

:10th and were narrower. In the 6 8 outer ones, especially the very outermost, the hook

rably reduced (fig. 12a). Double teeth, so frequent in the nudibranchiata , were not want-

The salivary glands are strongly developed, and cover (pi. II, fig.icc) the sides and partly

the of the stomach, where they join almost in the median line. They are somewhat flat-

ve, of a thickness of 1— 9mm, yellowish white, somewhat lobed in the margin,

□ally the left one; this latter was larger than the right one, its length was 22""" by a breadth of

the rigth one was 32""" long and 14""" broad. At the fore margin of the gland the salivary

duct en widening at its fore end into a little ampulla (fig. 1; 4c); the length of the duct with

the ampulla was almost 10""".

The oesophagus (pi. II, fig. 1) was of a dark bluish-gray, about 11 oug with a diameter of

ugitudinal folds shone through indistinctly. The oesophagus passes by degrees into a first

mach, k bluish-gray, bag-shaped, of a length of 3-5"" with a diameter of r-"\ This

• rather thick walled on account of the not very numerous (ca. 121, but thick and |

wrinkled longitudinal folds, which were slightly to be seen from without, and which partly

irly into the folds of the sesophagus, become lower posteriorly, but for the greater

of the second stomach. The inside of this first stomach is quite dark

ilighl constriction also indicated exteriorly (pi. II, Kg. 1) this stomach passes into

I stomach, situated to the left, _y'> " long with a diameter of [•4cm, and exteriorly of a

h white colour. It is also rather thickwalled, its yellowish inside that is finely dotted with

I] number (ca. 12) of highly undulated folds stopping short at the aperture of the

luct Here the yellowish white intestine begins which all the wa) from the pylorus is ratlin

thin It (pi. II, fig. idddd) stretches backward along the left margin of tin- liver, bends behind

Dgth of the liver over the upper side of it, and runs to the right and forward

! form the nun ,^, and the total number 75; tin- nun

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 13

to the middle of the right margin of the first stomach, forms here a knee, and stretches backward
along the right margin of the liver continuing' over its hinder end up to the anal papilla (pi. I, fig. 1).
The whole length of the intestine is 25cm by a diameter varying between 10 — 15™'". The inside of the
intestine shows on the middle of the under side particularly fine transverse folds while the rest of the
wall chiefly has very fine uetforming folds; through the middle of the above mentioned finely trans-
versely-folded part a prominent longitudinal fold stretched for a great part of the hindmost part of
the intestine. The wall of the hindmost part of the intestine was more smooth. — The alimentary
canal showed through almost its whole length from the cardia to the rectum abundant, as it were,
clayey, dark yellowish gray contents, partly quite loose and incoherent, partly forming soft lumps
of a length of almost up to 2cm and a diameter of icm. These contents consisted of the above men-
tioned clayey mass with grains of sand, mingled with half disorganized animal substance, with Poly-
thalamia, Diatoms, and pointed silicious spicules; also a piece of a wormlike animal, full 2cm long,
and almost disorganized, was found.

The very large, dirtily dark brownish gray liver was 7-2cm long by a breadth of up to ^-2cm
and a height (behind) of 37cm; its contour was roundish, the fore end a little more pointed than the
rounded hinder end (pi. II, fig. 1). On the upper side of the fore end was found an impression of the
first and especially of the second stomach, along the greater part of the left margin was seen a furrow
for the intestine, which at the beginning of the hindmost third part of the liver bent inward over its
upper side, and on its way forward was situated in a broad and deep furrow continuing in a more
superficial one along the right margin of the liver. The surface of the liver was smooth, with only
superficial furrows, partly from vessels. Below on the left margin was found the short and thick
biliary duct of a light dirty yellowish colour (gmm long by a diameter of 6mm); it opened at the
pylorus of the second stomach, and led into a not very great cavity, on the walls of which 3 — 4 large
openings were seen. The biliary duct and the cavity of the liver were filled with masses like those
in the alimentary canal. No gall-bladder was found.

The large pericardium, 37°'" long, and 4cm broad, covered the middle of the liver; folds
before on its under side (the pericardial gill) were very distinct. The yellowish ventricle of the
heart was 23mm long by a hindmost breadth of io,nm. - The large, whitish, flaccid blood gland
was resting on the pharynx, partly attached to the salivary glands, of a length of 2-3"" by a breadth
of (before) icm, (behind) i'5cm; before it was rounded, behind straightly curtailed; its thickness was 5mm;
it appeared to contain a cavitv with folds on the thin walls, but was torn on the under side by the
preparing out of the central nervous system; a strong artery ran to the lower side of the organ.

The fine, large, brown-yellow kidney (pi. II, fig. 1) covered the whole hermaphrodite gland
and large part of the upper right side of the liver; with its branches it stretched partly under, partly
here and there over the intestine; it was rather firmly attached to its underlayer. It was composed
of very stronglv branched principal stems, some foremost and more hindmost; the stems as well as
their branches were in a most varying manner set with leaves, folds, and ampullse often forming, as
it were, greater and smaller grapes. All these growths on stems and branches were as usual composed
of closely crowded small cells. About the middle of the kidney (fig. 1) the stems appeared to lead
into a urinal chamber continuing in an ureter running backward along the inner margin of the

ROP< IDA

'.lu branchial circle to the ti^ht (pi- 1, Bg. t). The in-

• d with strong, compound, ami foliaceous (olds and

:i (the renal syrinx) was powerful, pyrifonn, almost r" long,

rmaphrodite gland (Glandula bermaphrodisiaca) rested "ii the foremost ri >j; li t part

its up].' impletelj covered ami bidden 1>\ the foremost part

M.i meniscus-shaped, of roundish-oval contour, with a conve? uppei sur-

I tlu- under surface a little concave; its diameter was about >\ a thickness on tin- middle

this middle it sloped evenly towards tlu- not very thick, rounded, almost smooth margin;

the fineh knotty, tlu- colour was gray. The surface of this gland showed everywhere,

n its uppei side (fig. 16), a mass 1. 1' small clear, semiglobular, prominent papulae,

which, when slightly magnified (fig. 171 were seen to Ik- composed of densel) crowded halls of a dia-

met 1 ami were attached t<> a central mass; between ami below these halls stretched a

m of highly ramifying ami anastomotic tabes (fig. 17), the efferent ducts. The deeper parts of

■-..I contained similar halls and tubes. Tlu- balls wire ovarial follicles with eggs in different

i development, attached to a central testicular mass containing bundles of zoosperms. About

medianly from the foremost part of the under side of the gland the hermaphrodite duct arose stretch-

nterior genital mass.

This anterior genital mass (fig. 18) was situated on the right side of the hulhus

pharyngeus before the liver. Anteriorly and on the under side it was grayish, otherwise of a li.L,rht

-h white colour; the length was 5"" by a breadth of .yv:" and a height of 3"8cni; its lower sur-

- slightly convex, the upper one strongly convex, posteriorly more abruptly shelving, anteriorly

more gradually sloping; the fore end was a little pointed, the hinder end broader and rounded. Its

I part was formed by the large mucous gland (fig. c8a); on the hinder end lay the spermatheca

1 with its ratlu-r short duct; before and partly upon this (fig. [8) the large bag of the penis.

The hermaphrodite duct (fig. 19a) stretches under the spermatheca and the bag of the penis and forms

ittened coil, quite covered by the latter; this coil is composed of rather thinwalled windings, which,

when loosened : ther, had a length of about 15"" b) a diameter generally of 15 j'm"; fore-

: the bag the duct was somewhat thinner, and divided in the usual way (fig. 19b)

viduct and the spermatic duct which is only thin near the beginning (fig. 19c). The

rmatic duct was powerful, thickwalled, and stretched in a curved waj with a length of 3cm and

1 the hinder end of the bag of tlu penis (fig. 1 . > , 1 1 continuing into the penis. The

•lie pr;cputiumi (figs [8, tgdd) was large, ;v " long by a breadth of 2-ic,n and a

1 with a narrower neck foremost in the outer genital regiou (pi. I, Bg. 2);

not thick, hut tough; its inside was smooth, only in the neck were seen longitudinal

strongly marked one was seen in the outer aperture (fig. 2). In the praeputium

quite bent doubli ); when straightened it measured .)"" by a diameter

ontour was round or a little compressed, only the end of the organ

found (quite as in the earlier examined Bathydoris) a rather narrow,

furrow without any discoverable aperture in the bottom; on the point was

Nl'DIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 15

seen a quite fine round pore (fig. 19 f). The spermatic duet entering at the base of the organ (fig. 20a),
became by and by a little thinner forward, and with its close windings it was to be traced through-
out to the pore on the point of the penis (figs 20, 19 fj. The short oviduct (fig. 19b) opened into
the uppermost part of the duct of the mucous gland. The spermatheca (fig. iSb) was formed like
a short bag, of a length of 2cm, it was partly covered by the prseputium; its vaginal duct was a little
shorter than the seminal vesicle, by its short uterine duct hung by a short stalk the flat sperm a to-
cyst, covered by the spermatheca, empty like this, and about half as large. - The mucous gland
formed the chief portion of the whole anterior genital mass; hindmost on its under side was seen a
more separated, roundish, more whitish, flat part, of a diameter of ca. 2cm, the foremost part of which
might without tearing be loosened from the rest of the mass. In the foremost and undermost part
of the mucous gland was found the long and high, compressed cavity of the organ, the foremost wall
of which was only thin, while the hindmost one was formed by the chief mass of the mucous gland,
the inside of which was yellowish, and showed several communicating cavities. The duct of the
mucous gland was short, only o'5im long, with strong folds on the inside; the cleftlike outer aperture
was bordered bv the two above described genital folds, which below were only connected with each
other by a narrow commissure, and above by a very broad one (pi. I, fig. 2, 18 c).

In itself is was scarcely probable that this deep-sea form from the Davis Strait could be
specifically identical with the earlier described form from the large depths in the middle of the Pacific.
We have also, in spite of considerable correspondences between the two forms, found not a few and
rather great differences. Among these differences were especially prominent the different colour of
the cavity of the mouth, another form of the mandibles, and a great difference in the structure of the
radula, the tooth-plates of which upon the whole were feebler and longer in this species, and the
median teeth especially had quite another form.

Fam. Doridoxidae. Nov. fam.

Forma corporis ut in Doridibus; sed branchia (dorsalis) nulla, et anus lateralis (non dorsalis).
Rhinophoria ut in Doridibus.

Bulbus pharvngeus fortis, mandibulis anticis fortissimis armatus. Radula dente mediano forti,
pleuris multidentatis.

We know cladohepatic nudibr auchiata in which the whole branchial apparatus with
its hepatic lobes has disappeared; such is the case in the Phylliroidae, Pleuroleuridae and Hedylidae1).
And others are found, the Tritoniadae, in which the branchial apparatus has remained without the
hepatic lobes. It was almost to be expected that also among the holo hepatic nudibranchiata
forms without gills were to be found. And such a form we find in the below described new animal,
which is also distinguished from all other holohepatica by the anus not being situated dorsally, but

'1 R. Bergh, Die Hedvliden, eine Familie der kladohepat. Nudibranchien. Verh. d. k. k. zool. bot. Ges. in Wien.
XLV. 1895. p. 1 — 12. Taf. I— II.

:v

'1 \

form a transition to the Tritoniadai
the liolohepatic and the cladohepatic nudibranchiata,

mi the dorsal side quite like that of the Dorididae, in which
eciall) strongly contracted; but this cleft and the j^ill itself
id the .iiiu> has moved from the dorsal side down on (the right) sidi ol
stic gives them a resemblance to the Tritoniadae, which form the
•ik of the Cladohepatica. And this resemblance is still greatei bj the fact that the strong
bulbus | prodded with powerful mandibles situated on il ide as in the Trito-

Bj th« mandibles1) the Doridoxidae arc otherwise nearly related to the

e, with which they alx. correspond with regard to the structure of the radula, this also
median tooth-plates, a feature otherwise rather van- in the Dorididae
Hitherto the family contains only the genus

Doridoxa, Bgh. N. gen.
and this genus contains only the one species, described below.

Doridoxa Ingolfiana, Bgh. n. sp.
PL II. figs. 3-15; PL III, figs. 1-3.

One specimen of this species was taken in [895 at a depth of 55 fathoms, at station 34, Le.

f I. at. X. 5.1 17' I.011- W.

It was generally of a yellowish white colour, the back more whitish. The length was 12"""
1 breadth of j:":" and a height of 5"""; the- length of the foot was i<fc,im" by a breadth the

breadth of the head was 5""", of which breadth rs1""1 belongs to each tentacle; the height of the
rhinoph ', the breadth of the mantle-brim 1175""". The consistency of the animal

rati:

The intestines were nowhere to he seen from without.

The form was oval, the hinder end a little move pointed (pi. II, fig. 3). The hack was evenly
■ rly between the rhinophores it joined the somewhat projecting hinder margin of the
';; it was everywhere rather densely covered with small and quite small, semiglobular, and more
1 papulae. The margin of the hollows of the rhinophores was slightly projecting, everted and
lightly projecting) club of the rhinophores was perfoliate; tin dorsal brim was only a
littli ting, the mar-in rather sharp, the lower side smooth. The head was rather large, some-

what fl with a rather projecting hinder edge, a little produced on either side; witli rather

like tentacles; the outer mouth was round (pL II, fig. 3). The sides of the body
and behind, otherwise rather high, quite smooth; anteriorly to the right is seen
ipilla witli the prominent little penis, and behind this the vulva (fig. 3); at the
• fourth part of the length <>i the body was the projecting anal papilla,
his the smaller renal papilla (fig. 3). Tin foot was powerful, hut narrower than

tic group quite siniilai mandibles are sun. in Bornella, S< Uiroidae,

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 17

the back, and projected only slightly from the hinder end of this; the rounded fore end was slightly
broader than the other part, with a marginal furrow; the foot-brim was narrow; the hinder end only
a little pointed (fig. 3).

The central nervous system (fig. 4) was rather flattened, white, chiefly as in the Doridae.
The round cerebro-pleural ganglia (fig. 4 a) were a little larger than the likewise round pedal ones
(fig. 4b), the distinction between their two parts was not conspicuous; the chief commissures were
rather short; the globular buccal ganglia (fig. 4c) joined each other immediately.

The eyes at the base of the rhiuophores had a diameter of o-iomm. The otocysts appeared
to contain a not great mass of pale otoconia, no spicules at all were seen in the dorsal skin, or its
papulae, nor in the leaves of the rhiuophores.

The mouth-tube was short. The strong bulbus pharyugeus (figs. 5,6) reminded as to its
form somewhat of that in the Pleurophyllidiae. It was 3-25mm long by a breadth of 3mm and a height
of 275mm. Its strongly convex fore side was covered by the large mandibles; from about the middle
of the somewhat convex hinder side the sesophagus originated; the radula-sheath did not project ex-
ternally. The fore side of the large and strong mandibles were (as in the Pleurophyllidiae) for the
greater part covered by a muscular plate which was, however, rather thin. The mandibles (fig. 7)
were amber coloured, only the masticatory edge was black brown; they were 2-5mm long, and their
breadth taken together was 3-5mm; they were rather bent, so that their height reached almost 1-5""";
along the middle of their length they showed a smooth, not deep excavation. The hinge-part was
rather short, as was also the masticatory process (fig 7a); the masticatory edge was not narrow; it
showed through its whole extent just to the hinge-part small roundish or angular facets (fig. 8) of a
diameter of o-oo55--o-oi,nm . The tongue (figs. 9,10) was broad and flat, and projected only a little in
the buccal cavity; the little, forward and downward tapering radula was strongly and shining yellow.
The radula contained 15 rows of tooth-plates; further back, in the somewhat bent radula-sheath,
which was not to be seen from without, were 24 more rows, of which the three hindmost were not
yet cpiite consolidated; the total number of the rows of teeth were thus 39. The eight foremost rows
were very incomplete and the teeth worn; the foremost one contained only 6 and 7 toothplates 011
each side of the median one. The middle of the radula with the median tooth and two side-teeth were
sunk a little under the level of the side parts. On each side of the median one appeared up to 36
lateral tooth-plates. With the exception of the two innermost ones and the very outermost ones they
were of a strong yellow colour. The breadth of the clumsy median plates was o.o75mm by a height
of o.iomm; the height of the two outermost lateral ones was 0-035 — o-o4""»; then it rose quickly to o-io,
and continued thus towards the rhachis, the two innermost lateral teeth were much lower (pi. Ill, fig. 1).
The median tooth plates (pi. II, fig. 11 a; pi. Ill, figs. 1 a, 2 a) were short and clumsy, rather erect,
with a strong, broad base, hollowed in the fore edge, and with a short, strong, a little pointed hooked
part. The two first (inmost) lateral plates (fig. n b; figs. 1 b, 2 b) were of a deviating form with a quite
short and pointed hook. The other lateral plates (figs. 12; 1,2) reminded as to their form more of the
median plate, but the base was much smaller and the hook was longer. The 2—3 outermost lateral
plates (pi. Ill, fig. 3 a) were feebler, and the hook more pointed.

The Ingolf-Expedition. II. 3. 3

I)I».\

ireadth ol , liing to the foremost

than a tliinl of the length of the gland

hort The stomach (fig. 13b) formed a longisb
tudinal folds ol which were distinctly to be seen from without It
whitish food "i indeterminable animal nature with a few imbedded lai
bling those in the Alcyonia From the hinder end of the stomach the inte-
sed the fore end of the liver, bent backwards, and ran a little- sinuous
1 It- inner side showed fine longitudinal folds, its cavity was empty.
The liver, the outside and inside of which was yellow, was a little hollowed to the left <>i
the Stomach, its hinder end that was a little narrower, was rounded; it was

pened b) a round opening into the stomach. The yellowish biliary

a length of 2™ , was oil the left side- of tile stomach.

The heart was situated behind the basal part of the intestine. The blood gland was large,
hind the central nervous system, partly covering the stomach, yellowish, 3n,nl long b) a breadth
nd a thickness of o-$mm.

The pericardio-renal organ (the renal syrinx) was situated underthe rectum, a little more
inwardh than the renal papilla, was melon-shaped, and showed the usual groups of longitudinal folds.
The hermaphrodite gland was whitish, and covered with its rather large lobes the uppcr-
I and right side of the liver, especially in front; its large follicles contained large egg-cells and
bun —-perms. The anterior genital mass waslarge, .|\Sn" Ion- by a height of 3'5'"m, and a

thid t v. .1- situated under and to the right of tin- intestine. The last part of tin- sper-

matic duct (fig. 14b) was thick, and passed into the short, cylindrical (glans) penis (fig. 14c); this
latter, as well as the spermatic duct, was without armature The spermatheca appeared to be- globu-
lar, its relation to the spermatocyst (fig. 15), which was filled with sperm, somewhat bent together,
long, was not to Ik- determined. The mucous gland was lime-white, at the base- of
n a larger, yellowhish gray part (the albuminous gland?).

D. Ingolfiana var.?
PI, Y, Figs. 2m 30.

bulbus pharyngeus, of a length of 2.25,"', was completely like that in the other

n, only the end of the radula-sheath projected a little, and the muscular plate on the fore side

little thicker. The mandibles were a little lighter, and the masticatory edge

ondary oral cavities were not small, and their opening rather wide;

On the broad and flat tongue the- sligthly yellowish radula was seen

of teeth, ill the radula-sheath 2" were found, of which the three hindmost w ere

t fid' ':; thus the total number of tooth-plates was 31. On each side of the median tooth up

found. The median teeth were- yellow, the lateral teeth almost colour-
: tli- the median teeth ro The median teetli were essentially of the same

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 19

form as above described, but bad at the base of the book a series of fine denticles (fig. 29). The
lateral teeth were upon the whole somewhat more slender (fig. 30).

Future examinations must decide, whether we have here a new species, or only a variety.

Nudibranehiata eladohepatiea.

R. Bergh, System der nudibrancbiaten Gasteropoden. 1892. P- 999 — 1070.

Fam. Triton iadae.

R. Bergh, System. 1892. p. 1066 — 1070.

Among the cladohepatic nudibranehiata this family appears to be the one most closely related
to the holohepatic forms; the ramification of the liver otherwise peculiar to the cladobepatic forms,
has disappeared, while the Tritoniadae in other respects have retained the essential exterior and inte-
rior characters of this group.

The representatives of this family are already easily distinguished exteriorly by their large
frontal veil provided with appendages, and the spoon-shaped tentacles attached to it, further by their
peculiar rhinophoria, and the branchial tufts on the dorsal edge. In the interior structure the always
colossal bulbils pharyngeus especially shows peculiarities ; the strong mandibles on its fore end are
closely resembling those in the Pleurophyllidiae, and like those they are coated with a strong muscu-
lar plate on the fore side; the strong radula with many rows and many teeth in the rows has broad,
somewhat depressed median teeth with a clumsy denticle on either side of the short and clumsy hook,
and the innermost lateral tooth is essentially different from all the others.

Hitherto the Tritoniadae include only two chief types, the real Tritoniae without, and the
Marioniae with masticatory plates in the stomach.

A sub-group under the Tritoniae is formed by

Candiella, Gray.
R. Bergh, 1. c. 1892. p. 1069.
In this form the frontal veil has on the margin rather long fingers (not short papilla;).
The hitherto known forms of this group have been of smaller size than the typical Tritoniae;
in this respect the form described below, differs from the others.

Candiella Ingolfiana, Bgh. n. sp.
PI. II, figs. 20—22 ; PI. Ill, figs. 4 — 9.
On 61 44' Lat. N., 27" 00 Long. W. (station 81) one single specimen was taken at a depth of
485 faths. (bottom temp. 6:T). It was rather well preserved, only somewhat contracted and hardened,
and behind 011 the left side was found a rupture with a prolapsus of the entrails.

The colour of the sole of the foot, the genital papilla, and the region of the mouth was
somewhat yellowish; the other parts of the body were grayish blue, but the rhinophoria yellow. The
length was 5cm by a height of up to i-4cm, and a breadth of up to r6cm; the breadth of the frontal

I OPODA

I which belonged to the fingers; the height of the sheaths ol the

u]> to 3' ; the breadth <>f the soli ol the Foot was up to

The animal seemed to have imparted a peculiar odour to the
h u w.is kept

ti other Candiellae. The animal was longish, highest in the middle, and

Uj backward where the hack ultimateh passed into the I

Frontal veil was a little notched in the middle, and had on each side of the

-. and outermost the only little conspicuous tentacle with its furrow. At the base of

en tin.- somewhat projecting sheaths of the rhinophoria; the stronglj retracted club

high, and of the shape common in the Tritoniae, resembling a sword-knot, and the

the hindi! was prolonged in the usual way. The- back was smooth: the edge of the

. little, had on each side 12 i| small and short-branched branchial tufts,

vhich the foremost one projected outside the sheath of the rhinophore. The sides of the body

ther high, a little convex, and a little sloping inward towards the foot; the genital papilla was

»ut under the the fifth (right) branchial tuft, the amis under the eighth, and close above

it the • re Anteriorly the foot was rounded, with a stum- marginal furrow: the foot-brim

1

The peritoneum was bluish black, and continuations of its connective tissue penetrated

between and wrapped the entrails.

The yellowish white central nervous system showed a rather closely adherent, dense, and

finely black punctuated wrapping; as in other Tritoniadae it was rather flat, 4""" broad. The cerebro-

jjlia were of oval shape, 2"iln long, a little broader anteriorly, the separation between their

■nly little conspicuous; the roundish pedal ganglia were almost as large as the cerebral

commissures were half as long again as the breadth of the central nervous system.

buccal ganglia were oblong, o^o""0 long, connected by a short commissure; the long-stalked gastro-

quite -mall, roundish.

The otocyst is situated closely before the quite slum cerebro-pedal connective, containing a

:ia.
The large bulbus pharyngeus was 13""" long by a breadth of 1/ "' and a height of 7mm,
-ne fifth of the whole length of the body; it was lying in a rather loosely attached veil-
like wrapping. Its form and structure in all respects as in other Tritoniae. The mandibles covered
with tile common thick muscular plate, were greenish yellow, only the hindmost part of the hinge,
ami the portion nearest to the masticatory edge were brownish; the length of the mandibles was it,""",

and a height (of the convexity) of y$w"\ the length of the masticatory

Tlie masticatory edge was slightly convex, even, of a breadth of up to ovj ,

under them as it were, finely transversely striated; it had 8 11 series of short, round-

1 height of up to Mid a diameter of up to cro8mm (fig. 4), the series

hat displaced among each other; in the outermost series many of the columns were torn

iway and upset more inwardly. The pharynx was black, the buccal

Tli and broad tongue had at the base the powerful tectum radulae

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 21

measuring in length (from before backward) 2'1"" ; behind this was seen the short radula-sheath with its
flat hinder end1); it was 2'5mm lon»> 3'25",m broad, and was to be seen on the outside of the bulbus
pharyugeus where it shone through with a reddish tint. The light yellow radula contained 35 series
of tooth-plates, the radula-sheath 32, of which the three hindmost were not yet developed, the whole
number of plates was thus 67. The length of the radula, when prepared off, was 9mm, and the breadth
up to 7mm. The foremost n series on the tongue were more or less defect, and the tooth-plates more
or less worn and broken; in the 6—7 foremost series only the median tooth and a few lateral teeth
were left. The number of tooth-plates in a series rose in the back part of the radula to 85. The
tooth-plates were of a very light yellow. The breadth of the oldest median tooth was r28mm, that of
the youngest ones about the same. The height of the innermost lateral tooth was o-i6mm, that of the
next one cr20mm, and of the third o-24mm; the height of the lateral teeth rose to 0'30mm, decreased to-
wards the edge of the radula, and of the three outermost teeth it was 0.12— o-io— cro8nim. The median
teeth (fig. 5 a) were of the broad and short form common in the Tritouiae, with a clumsy median
tooth, and a still more clumsy denticle 011 each side of this. The clumsy and rather low first lateral
tooth (fig. 20; 5) was very finely denticulated along one edge of the hook; the hook of the second
lateral tooth was a little longer (fig. 21; 5), but, as all the others, without any trace of denticulation ;
they had all (fig. 22; 6) the form common in the Tritouiae, the hook decreased in height through the
outer teeth (fig. 7).

The whitish salivary glands, parallel to the esophagus, were longish (7— 8mm long by a
breadth of 2n,ra), flat, highly lobed; the left one was lying on the black peritoneum, the right one
under and behind the bulbus pharyugeus, between this and the anterior genital mass. The efferent
duct was almost as long as the gland itself.

The sesophagus was externally and internally black, i7mm long, in its greatest length sack-
like widened (to a diameter of 5-5mm), with deep folds on the inside, empty; it opened into the hind
part of the stomach, close to the short biliary duct. The stomach, likewise black on the outside,
but gray on the inside, was almost globular, of a diameter of 7mm, and for half its length situated in
a hollow in the liver; in the hindmost part of the stomach before the opening of the biliary duct was
seen a circle of strong, yellowish, longitudinal folds; the cavity of the stomach was empty. From the
fore end of the stomach arose the intestine, externally black, internally gray, of a whole length of
i8mm by a diameter of 4^ 2mn', stretched over the anterior genital mass where it formed its curve, and
continued somewhat thinner to the anal papilla; throughout almost the whole length of the intestine
was seen, besides the fine longitudinal folds, the strong fold, rising to a height of up to 2mm, that
had already begun in the hind part of the stomach; also the cavity of the intestine was empty.

The hindmost visceral mass (the liver) was short-conical, broader in the hollowed fore end,

with rounded hinder end, of a length of I5mm by an anterior breadth of I2mn\ yellowish white, with a

rugged surface, wrapped in a very abundant, black, loose, but rather adhesive connective tissue. From

the liver itself a longish lobe, iomm long, stretched over the cardia between the sesophagus and the

stomach, with the beginning of the intestine2).

') Comp. Malakolog. TJnters. Heft XV. 1884. Taf. LXXII, Fig. 5 (Tritonia Hombergi).

-) In the black wrapping round the hindmost visceral mass a Gordius-like worm was found of a length of fully

I0mm by a diameter of 0-0651

INCHIAT1 ODA

i a little lighter colour than the liver, which latter
.ml ripe oogene cells and spermatozoids The duct
from under the stomach, and ran along the inside of the
This lattei is also provided with .1 strongl) adhesive, black wrap-

single parts; ii is large, longish, i\ long b) .1 breadth of 7
On the inside was seen farthest back the ampulla of the- duct of the herma-
:ul which ampulla fonned a couple of short windings; and before it \\a> lying the black
. ith its long, big duct, and » m its fore end the large bundle of the seminal duct When
i out the ampulla measured s 1>\ a diametei ol 2 The windings of the seminal duct that
attached t<> each other by the black, cobweb-like connective tissue, measured, when
mil stretched out, 6 in length by a diameter almost everywhere of 0*6
ninal duct opened in the top of the black, sacklike penis (praeputium) which was

full'. diameter oi Kg. 9b.); the walls of the cavity were gray, and in the cavity

• lying the white, tapering glan 1), measuring, when stretched out, 15 L", and to the very

1 by the powerful seminal duct. The seminal vesicle (fig. 8a) is, on account of its wrap-
Isoits duct; it is bag-shaped, 6m" long h\ a diameter of 2*3 ', completely filled with
m; the powerful efferent duct (fig. Shi i.s somewhat curved; when stretched out it is 14 long
. diameter of 1- [-5 The albuminous-mucous gland formed far the greater part of the anterior

genital ma--; it was higher and thicker behind than before, showed chiefly longitudinal windings, and
. when free of its black veil, of a yellowish white colour. The vulva and the end of the ])eiiis-bag
were especially stronglj pigmented, and wrapped in black connective tissue

This Candiella, the largest one hitherto known, must certainly be a new specie-, what i.- also
indicated by details in the outer and inner structure.

1 am. Atthilidae, Bgh. X. fam.

■ris fere ut in Tritoniadis, subelongata, subquadrilateralis. Velum orale non parvum,
ma:. •. i, utrinque tentaculatim prominens; rhinophoria vagina margine bilobata retractilia, clavo

simphcil liato. Dorsum appendicibus paucis simplicibus (?) triseriatis praeditum; margine promi-

simplici branchiarum arbusculiformium (?) instructo. Anus et porus renalis laterales. Pa-
latum, antice rotundatum.

magnus. Mandibulae facie anteriori bulbi impositae, massa musculari forti
1 — u masticatorio uullo, margine masticatorio laevi. Lingva lata, radula
ate angusto hamo elongato; pleurae multidentatae, dente intimo hamo denti-
ns hamiformibus edentulis.

turn. Penis inermis.
Atthilid lmnon structure, the Tritoniae, but are, however, already

marked of! from those. The frontal veil is quite different from that ol

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 23

the Tritoniae, and does not show the tentacles, peculiar to those. The rhiuophores are of a
quite different structure. The back is not, as in the Tritoniae, without appendages, but has several
series of such; the somewhat projecting dorsal edge appears to have a series of low branchial tufts,
resembling those in the Tritoniae. The anus, the renal pore, and the foot are as in the Tritoniae.

The bnlbus pharyngeus is very strong as in the Tritoniae, and as in those the mandibles
are lying on the fore end of the bulbus, and are covered by a thick muscular plate; but they have
no masticatory continuation, and the masticatory edge is smooth. The tongue is broad, and the
radula bears a rather large number of series of teeth, and these series contain many tooth-plates.
The median teeth are quite different from those in the Tritoniae, longish, with a protracted denticu-
lated hook; also the lateral teeth are of a somewhat other shape, the innermost one with a denticu-
lated hook. — Also with regard to the liver, and the relation between this and the hermaphrodite
gland, there seems to be essential differences between the Atthilidae and the Tritoniadae, while both
families otherwise seem to agree with regard to the genitalia.

The Atthilidae seem (as the Tritoniadae) to be rather voracious beasts of prey.

Hitherto the family comprises only the one genus

Atthila, Bgh. N. gen.
with the one species

Atthila Ingolfiana, Bgh. n. sp.
PI. Ill, figs.' 10— 26.

At station 40 i. e. on 620 00 Lat. N., 21° 36' Long. W. one single specimen was fished from a
depth of 845 faths, where the temperature was 3°3.

It is stated to have been, when living, pink or of a pale flesh-colour. Preserved in 70 %
alcohol it was upon the whole of a whitish or slightly yellowish white colour. Its length was 3-2cm by a
breadth of up to i'7cm; the breadth of the frontal veil was ioram, the height of the sheaths of the rhinophores
3ram; the length of the foot was 27""" by a breadth of up to iomm, the breadth of the foot-brim was
3mm. — The specimen was somewhat curved and contracted, the back with its edges somewhat
rubbed.

The form was somewdiat longish, broader before, evenly narrowing and sloping backward,
upon the whole rather like the form in the Tritoniae. The frontal veil (fig. 10) was broad with
smooth edges, and its rounded, somewhat tentacle-like lateral ends projected 2-5rom, while its free upper
margin was 3nim broad. Behind the frontal veil, adjoining the fore end of the dorsal margin, the
rhinophores were seen; their sheath stood out with a two-lipped edge (fig. n), the hinder lip low
and convex, the former one seen as a somewhat tapering lobe, 2-5mm long; in the depth between both
the point of the club was distinguished; this latter was reddish gray, (highly contracted) 2-5mm high,
rather short-stalked, with about 30 broad leaves (on either side), containing a number of highly re-
tractive bag-glands, of a length of up to o-o4n,m. The back evenly convex, covered with small, whitish
papillae; as far as I was able to discern, 3 series of such papillae were found, a median one with 5,
and on either side a lateral one with 4 — 5 papillae; only a single one was quite preserved, and was

MAT] CAST! ROPODA

I eight ol Flu dorsal margin projected, about in

.mil appeared to have been covered with branchial t nit ^ . resembling

onlj a few i i bigh) remnants of these tufts wi The sides ol

.'■ •.■iii.i, rather high, and, on account of the projecting dorsal margin, a little

: inward; in front the genital papilla \\as found in the common place as in Tritonia,

stretched forth; a little before the beginning of the last third of the length

•iHwh.tt upward the anal papilla was seen projecting r.v ; about midway between

:it.il papilla the minute renal aperture was seen. The- foot is powerful; its fore end

I, with a slight marginal furrow; the foot-brim of a breadth "f up to V""'; the hack

and ' seed quite to the ]>< >int.

Tlu ' cavity reached to the beginning of the last fourth of the length of the body.

The whil d) central nervous system (fig. 12) showed the cerebro-pleural ganglia

undish, connected with a quite short commissure, with no distinct bordering between the two
parts; the pedal ganglia scarcely smaller than the former, of an oval contour; the lower commissures
rath 12 d). The buccal ganglia were of an oval contour, connected bj a commissure, al-

times the length of the ganglion (fig. 12 e).
Tin were situated behind the pleuro-pedal connective (figs. 12, 13) between the

. they had a diameter of o-i.| , and contained a few (ca.10) clear, round, and oval otoconia ol
a diamet ; . The skin had no larger spicules.

The bulbus pharyngeus wa^ large and powerful, somewhat resembling that in Tritonia,
long by .1 height and breadth of 5' :. In front it is (fig. 1 p somewhat narrower, and
most on the upper side it is higher (on account of the hinge-part of the mandibles); behind this
ecting part the wide pharynx is found, and behind this the short and broad radula sheath (fig. 1 \<;
the margin of the upper side corresponds to the outer margin of the mandible, and below this (above
ride of the bulbus pharyngeus) a hollowing was seen. The labial disk is narrow; behind and
found, quite as in Tritonia, the powerful muscular plate resting on the fort side of
the mandibles. These latter (fi^rs. 14—171 an- of a light amber-colour , 5-5mm long by a breadth of
the hinder end of 2-25"""; the height of the convexity about zm ; they were rather thin,
the hinge-part thick, thinner as well as lighter in the outer hinder half (fig 17). The some-
what upwardly directed hinge-part is more narrow, the hinder end broader and emarginate in the
midi masticatory continuation was completely wanting, and the masticatory edge was

diont its whole length (fig. 171. The cheeks join the inside of the mandibles in
their wl jth; only foremost in the little mouth-cavity a short stretch (fig. 1 p of the hinge-part

the mandibles is uncovered. The mouth cavity is almost quite filled out by the (highly contracted)
tongue (figs ;|, [8), the middle part of which is through its whole length
d by the light yellowish, ratheJ bio. id radula, which farthest back continues in the
heath I25 long, 4-5rao broad) (fig. i.p. The tongue has 21 series of teeth,
1 which were not yet fully developed. Thus the total numbei
The number of tooth-plates on either side of the median tooth rose to
light yellowish colour. The length of the median tooth-plates (on the hind

XIT)IBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA.

25

part of the tongue) was almost o-i2"m by a breadth of o-o65mm and a height of cro6mm; the heights of
the three innermost lateral plates were 0-12— 0-13 — o-i4mm, the 10th measured already a height of cr20mm,
and the height rose to o-22mm, whereupon it again decreased outward, the height of the three outer-
most being o-o8mm, o-o6",ra, 0-035— o-04mm. The median tooth-plates (figs. 19, 22 a) showed a base, narrow
anteriorly, broader posteriori}', from which rose a tapering hook, denticulated through the greater part
of its length. The first lateral tooth (figs. 20, 21, 22 b) was denticulated on the inside of the hook.
All the other tooth-plates showed no denticulation on the somewhat bent and tapering hook (figs. 23,
24); the outermost one was quite low (fig. 25 a).

The whole visceral mass, 23mm long, up to 13™™ broad, was at the hinder end short-conical,
and showed, when viewed from above, foremost the large, light grayish yellow liver, prolonged along
the left side of the mass just to the hinder end; this prolongation has on the right side the herma-
phrodite gland, and along part of the right edge the rectum.

The salivary glands were seen as a large and flat, yellowish mass on either side of the
hinder part of the bulbus pharyugeus.

The oesophagus was short, and opened into the stomach that was completely covered by
the liver. This stomach was rimm long by a breadth of 6mm, with rather thin walls; to the right it
was attached to the anterior genital mass with the exception of the region of the cardia, otherwise it
was everywhere enclosed by the firmly adhering liver; its inside showed strong longitudinal folds; on
the left side was seen a rather wide biliary opening, and on the right side more downwards a smaller
one. To the right from the hinder end of the stomach rises the intestine, which is in its foremost,
transverse course completely enclosed by the liver, then proceeds freely, and runs down towards the
foot along the right side and the lower side of the hermaphrodite gland, running between this and
the liver up towards the anal papilla, closely attached to both of those; the length of the intestine
was 22mm, its diameter at the base 5mm, else 4 — 3'5mm; in the first part of it a long, beautiful, feather-
shaped fold was seen. — The stomach and especially the intestine were distended by strongly brown-red,
animal contents, whose colour was due to enormous masses of long finely-thorny and -rugged,
reddish spicides, perhaps originating from a form of Alcyonidae; further was found in the stomach a
canary-coloured, globular body, on one side a little hollowed in an umbilicate manner, of a diameter
of 4mm, the nature of which could not be made out.

The large, light grayish yellow liver covered with a layer, before somewhat thicker, behind
thinner, the oesophagus, the stomach, the anterior genital mass, and part of the intestine; its foremost
part was on either side attached to the wall of the body. The liver continues along the left side and
the lower side of the hermaphrodite gland just to its point; in this part it rose to the largest thickness,
up to 3-5mm.

The pericardio-r enal organ, of a length of 2mm, was situated near the anus.

The yellowish white hermaphrodite gland was large, i6mm long by a breadth of 6mm and a
thickness of 5mm; before and behind a little narrower than in the middle; a little curved longitudinally;
somewhat convex on the upper surface, concave on the lower one; with superficial furrows; finely
gritty; of the common structure. In the endlobes were large oogene cells and zoosperms. — ■ The
anterior genital mass was from above hidden by the liver, situated before the intestine, attached to

The Ingolf-Expedition. II. 3. 4

R( ll'l i!i\

: oval roundish shape, 8""" Long by a breadth ol 6 and
whitish .iiiti yellowish white In a hollow "ii the hindei end "i the mucous gland
i) ampulla of the duct of the hermaphrodite gland was lying,
when stretched out, length bj a diametei "I up to j '"; on the fore < ml wer<

ermatic duct forming a little coil; the glans that projected from the penis-bag,
long l>> a diametej of 175 Behind the spermatic duct and partis covi
. bent double in the middle, .1""" long when stretched out, its duct being
ime length. The mucous-alburainiparous gland was whitish and yellowish white.

I am. Dendronotidae.
R Bergh, System d. nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden. [892. p. 1048 1051.
The Dendronotidae Form a group, rather well marked off by its peculiar forms; in this respect,
however, l>ut still more by the inner structure, and especially by the structure of the pharyngeal bulb,
it pi be related to the Aeolidiadae.

The animals belonging to this group, have hitherto onlj been found in the northern temperate,
and especially in the cold si

The rather strongl) limited family includes only two genera, the real Dendronotus and

, which latter seemed to l>e distinguished from the former by a simpler structure of the

frontal appendages, of the rhinophoria, and of the dorsal papillae. It is, however, still to be doubted,

whether the two generic groups will not prove to be passing into each other, and the examination of

the following form seems already to imply such a result.

Dendronotus, Aid. et 1 lane.

K. Bergh, die Nudibranchien gesammelt wahrend der Fahrten des Wilkin Barents in das nordliche
;eer. 1885. p. 19 .;.:; (Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde. Aflevering XIII. Amsterdam. Onder-
jjstochten van de Willem Barents Expeditie. Gedeelte IV (1S861 iSSS).

A little serii pedes has been referred to this genus, but thi likely to be, for the

part, reduced to varieties of the typical species. The form examined below, seems, however,
istinctly specifically different from the typical one.

1. D. robustus, Verrill.
Vcrrill. Americ Journ. I. 1870. p. 105. Fig. 1.
, V. Catal. of marine moll, added to fauna of New Engl Trans. Conn. Ac. V, 2. [882. p. 550.
;. Bidr. til Kundsk om Norges arktdske Fauna I. Moll. reg. arct Norv. 1878.
Tab. 28, Fig.2; Tab. XV. Fig. 15.
V. R. Bergh, die Opisthobranchien. Rep. on the dredging oper. off the West Coast oi

tral-Amer. ... by ... Albatross - (Bull, of the Mus. of compar. zool. at Harvard colli
XX\ ;. p.141 i.||. Taf.II,Fig.6 9; Taf. Ill, Fig. 1.

PI. Ill, figs. PL IV, figs. 1 5.

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 27

This species, which, like the typical one, is distributed over the northern parts of both the
Atlantic and the Pacific ocean, is already sufficiently marked by its large and broad frontal veil,
and by its simply fingered sheaths of the r hi nop h ores (and the want of appendages at the
outside of these). Constant differences in the inner structure between this and the typical species
have hardly been pointed out.

On the 5th of August 1895 a single specimen was fished on Dyrafiord (on the west coast of
Iceland), which was killed by means of anhydrous acetic acid, and preserved in 7o0/0 alcohol.

The well preserved specimen that was scarcely contracted to any appreciable degree, was 4cm
long, by a height of the body of r2cm, and a breadth likewise of r2cm; the breadth of the frontal veil
from one point to the other 2'$c"\ the breadth of the head proper under the veil iomm; the height of
the sheath of the rhinophores with their snips 6mm, the height of the branchial tufts up to ymm; the length
of the foot almost J5cm by a breadth of up to ncm; the breadth of the foot-brim 3-5"™, the length of
the tail iommI). - - The colour was whitish; but a few of the fingers of the frontal veil, the club of
the rhinophores, the stem of some branchial tufts, and the genital papilla still showed remnants of
an earlier red colour2).

The form was as before described by me. The head proper, which was strongly convex,
somewhat half-mooushaped, showed below the vertical mouth-slit, while the frontal margin had a
series of sessile or quite shortstalked papulae (fig. 1). Behind the head the enormous (from before back-
wards almost 5mm broad) frontal veil was seen projecting strongly on the sides with its cleft ends; it
bears a series of tentacle-like, unequally large appendages of a length of up to 4— 5mm, and set with
small knots or short branches (fig. 1). Also between the frontal veil and the frontal margin of the head
small papula? are seen here and there. The sheath of the rhinophores as usually high (fig. 27), at the
top running into 4 — 5 unequally large, fingershaped continuations; the club as usual; no appendage
at the base of the sheath. On the right margin of the back were seen four branchial tufts, and on
the left margin six more irregular ones; the foremost were bipartite, the stems at the base separated
or nearly united, and outside of these still a satellite like a branchial tuft was seen, in a few instances
coalesced with the branchial tuft proper; this satellite was wanting in the hindmost branchial tufts.
On the tail were seen medianly three unpaired gill-like appendages, but only the foremost one showed
any trace of leaves (fig. 2). Closely in front of the right second branchial tuft the anal papilla and
the renal pore were seen. The back was quite smooth, without any papulae or small appendages.
The genital papilla as usual strong, with conically projecting praeputial papilla in front, and behind
this a bent, strong fold covering the vulva.

The intestines were nowhere distinctlj- seen from without, only on the sides the}' shone through
with a grayish tint.

The visceral cavity reached to the base of the tail.

The central nervous system was milk-white. In the cerebro-pleural ganglia the two

') Harrington, in the biological section of New York Acad, of sc. (9th of Novbr. 1896), pointed out that the large,
pale specimens of . Dendroiiotus> from Puget sound could reach a length of full 25cm. Comp. Anatom. Anz. XIII., 1S97. p. 95.

2) According to Sars (I.e. p. 315) the living animal is said to be light red (laete rufescens) with numerous scattered
white dots.

ROPODA

ich other, almost globular; the cerebral ones win- a little

.1 ganglia proceeding downward and inward from the mass ol

•mm, a little larger than the cerebral ones, conne<

liich was shortei than the diametei ol the ganglia. The buccal and gastro-

the t\ pi< al species

Tli, diametei with a black pigment, and dark yellow lens of a diameter

bulbus pharyngeus was 6mm long, by a breadth of .s'.s1"'". and a height before "i i

its form was as in tin.- typical species. On each side "i ad labial disk was seen

rregular, dirtily yellow stripe, which was formed of straight 01 irregularlj bent,

iff. unequal!) Ion;;, unequally thick, colourless or slightly dirtily yellowish staves (fij

length of at least a breadth of o-oo7mn"i. The mandibles were about as long and

tin.- bulbus pharyngeus, lemon-coloured, <>nly in the hinge-part of a black-brown colour. The

m in front and above together with its prolongation as in the typical species; the

masticat short with a not large number (at most ra.50) of denticles which only reached to

a height of and were rather worn and blunt The secondar) (supplementary) oral cavities

.t, and their opening not narrow. The tongue as usual short, powerful, and keelshaped,

with a long foremost, and short upper edge (fig. 28). In the radula, which on account of the median

ow, were counted on the fore edge of the tongue 11 stii(.-> of tooth-plates, and marks

aftej several that had fallen off, and on the short Upper edge three series; the continuation of the

radula in its sheath in the greatest length light red, and containing [6 series of tooth-plates, of which

the two hindmost ones were not \et developed; the total number of series was thus 30. The fo

were very incomplete, and most of the teeth on the tongue were much worn. The breadth

■ median teeth was o-i8""", in the hinder part of the tongue it rose to 0-22""", and upon

the whi The strongly coloured median tooth-plates had a strongly projecting

:i this and to both sides of it was found a not very large number (most frequently about 25)

of n ong denticles (fig. 4). The number of the almost colourless lateral tooth-plates varied

from 13 to [5; the innermost plate was a little smaller than the following one, they decreased in size

d the two outermost ..iks, especially the ven outermost one, were small; none of them

. ii the whoU- length of the radula) any trace of denticulation (fig.5)2).

The salivary glands were as in the typical species.

Tin- oesophagus in the first (3mn long) part is rather narrow, then widening and with

nun mgitudinal folds that shine through on the exterior, running on and between the two

altogether about i| long. The thinwalled stomach, which is also provided with

nun mgitudinal folds, is almost globular, of a diameter of 5mm, and situated before the principal

that I have examined earlier, 11.. traces •■! such .i prehensile rinj; were
mined individuals of D.arbot peciinen of /'. thi prehensile ring was

tin- lateral teeth a ilmost quite without denticulation; <>n the

ilighl .mil irregular denticulation. Tin- denticulation "f tin- lateral
■ whole always much varying.

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 29

liver, between and on the two anterior livers; near the pylorus it receives in front and below two
short and wide biliary duets from the anterior livers, and behind a similar duct from the principal
liver. To the right and upward the stomach opens into the intestine; this was in the first part
much distended (wider than the stomach), passes over the hindmost part of the right anterior liver,
bends downward along, and is attached to, the anterior genital mass, forms a large curve on the right
side of the principal liver, and then rises to the anal papilla; the whole length of the intestine was
275™ by a diameter generally of 075 — 1-5™; the inside of the intestine showed numerous longitudinal
folds, of which one was higher than the other. - The stomach and the foremost (distended) portion
of the intestine was filled with abundant, white and gray, black-dotted contents consisting of animal
substance, the greater part of wich could not be determined, mingled with pieces of Copepoda, bristles
of Annelida, cnidse, and grains of sand.

Two anterior livers and a principal liver were found as usual, but separated from each
other to a smaller degree than is otherwise the case in the Deudronotidae. They were all of a dirty
yellow colour, very strongly lobed, and the lobes loosely connected; I did not succeed in substantiating
the existence of liver-branches going into the interior of the branchial tufts. The two anterior
livers were somewhat depressed, joining each other on the lower side of the stomach; from as well
the right as the left one a conical continuation, 4 — 5mm long, runs up towards the base of the first
branchial tuft. The principal liver, together with the hermaphrodite gland which rested on and
was loosely attached to it, formed a conical mass, i8mm long, and, in front, 9mm broad, the fore end of
which showed deep impressions of the stomach and the anterior genital mass. It is possible that the
fore end of the liver passed directly into the two anterior livers.

The large, flaccid ventricle of the heart was 4'5mm long. The whitish pericardio-renal
organ 2mm long, of the usual structure1).

The large, yellowish white hermaphrodite gland rises with its fore end a little over the
liver, along which it runs to its hinder end; it is composed of small, mostly roundish finely gritty
lobes, and in the lobules (the grits) there are ripe oogene cells and spermatozoids. The anterior
genital mass was large, a little compressed, 8mm long, by a height of 8mm, and a thickness of 4mm;
on the upper edge was seen in front a bundle formed by the windings of the spermatic duct; partly-
covered by this on the right side of the mass was the smaller bundle of the windings of the prostate
gland, and the spermatic vesicle; and behind those the closely set, corkscrew-like windings of the
ampulla2) of the duct of the hermaphrodite gland. The male branch of this passes directly into the
prostate gland fornfed by the numerous windings of the spermatic duct; it was a little compressed-
globular, of a diameter of 2mm. The freely projecting spermatic duct forms a larger bundle of loosely
connected windings measuring, when stretched out, about 4cm. The retracted, thinwalled praeputium
had a length of 6"""; the strongly contracted (glans) penis was \mm long, conical (fig. 29). The pear-
shaped spermatotheca (2mm long) and the long vaginal duct as in the typical species. The greater
part of the anterior genital mass is formed by the powerful, limewhite and white mucous gland, on
its right side of a more gray portion (the albuminous gland).

!) Comp. R. Bergh, Nudibranch des Willem Barents. 1885. Taf. II, Fig. 24 b.

2) Comp. 1. c. 1885. Taf. II, Fig. 26.

ROPODA

; Long \\ (station [29), from .1 d< pth of

which -.■ ongl) distorted bj being i ohol

1 purple colour, and had a tive length •

mon append th< frontal veil were reduced to two not very distinctly separ-

papillse, and 011I3 the lateral ends of the veil ; 1 strongly and in a

was ao t ut t at t!u base "t' the --i ni]>l > fingered sheaths of the rhinophores; the
the smallei one 3 pairs of branchial tufts.

2. Dendron. arborescens (O Fr. Miller).

die Nudibranchien des Willem Barents . I.e. [885 p. 25 33. Tat II,

Figs. 1 j 28.

As \\ til i» .nal specimens were fished of this species, that is distributed

in the eastern and western parts of the Atlantic, from the Polar sea to the baj ol Biscay, and
■ mud in the Pacific

On 66°35' LatN., 55 -\ Long. W. (station 31) 2 specimens wen- obtained from a depth of 88
le of wich had a lengtb of 1 . by a height of i\v"\ and a breadth of 070 ; in the
pecimeu the corresponding measures were 2 — 0-5 — 0-45"". The frontal veil had in the former
men (2 appendages, in the latter 8; the former had 8, the latter 5 pairs of branchiae.

< hi ... 54 17' Long.W. (station 34) three individuals were taken from a depth 1

in length 2*4 2-2 — 1-3 ; they had all six pairs of branchial tufts.
On 65 34' LatN., 54 31' Long. W. (station 34), on a depth of 68 faths. (temp, o 21 was finally
specimens. One of them was 2"" long; the other (the frontal veil of which was quite
bitten away, and the bulbus pharyngeus laid hare and projecting) measured only r4cn>; the former had
1 the frontal veil and 7 pairs of branchial tufts, the other only 6.
All these 17) individuals were of a yellowish white colour. By mv earlier examinations I have
id, in [3 out of 28 individuals, 8 appendages on the frontal veil, and I never found more than 10
appi one of the 7 here examined had 12 such. The number of branchial tufts in the earlier

mens was generally 6, and did not exceed 7; in one of those here examined. 8 tufts
ind on each side. The anal papilla was in these, as in the earlier examined specimens, alv.
situat I and the second branchial tuft

lam. Aeolidiadae.

Subfam. Coryphellidae.

K. B n d. nudibranch. Gasteropoden. 1892. p. 1027 1029.

not perfoliated) rhinophores {Himatella only forming an
•11 in thi ula has three series of tOOth-plates, and the lateral teeth are dellti-

ithout armature.

XUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 31

The family comprises the genera Coryphella with lengthened, slender body, and a masticatory
edge of the mandibles bearing several rows of denticles; Gonieolis, which is more clumsy with a broad
head with strong rhinophores; and the nearly related Chlamylla with its projecting dorsal brim, its
scarcely denticulated masticatory edge, its scarcely denticulated lateral teeth, and a developed prostate
gland; the genus Himatella, finally is separated from the others by its perfoliated rhinophores.

Coryphella, Gray.

R. Bergh, 1. c. 1892. p. 1027 — 1029.

A series of « species > of this genus have been described, but great part of these, surely, will
disappear as being synonymous.

They belong for the greater part to the more cold and temperate parts of the sea.

Coryphella sp. (anonyma).

PI. V, figs. 14—16.

In 1895 two specimens were taken on 66°35' Lat. N., 55c54' Long. W. (station 31) at a depth of
88 faths (temp. i°6), one 2cm, the other r5cm long; preserved in alcohol they were quite yellowish white.

In the larger specimen the body was 4mm high, /nim broad; the highly contracted tentacles and
rhinophores had a length of only 3'5'nm, the papilla? rose to a length of 4-5mm; the foot was 4-5™'" broad,
of which 1-5™™ belonged to the footbrim, moreover the corners of the foot projected re™; the length
of the tail was also i-5mm. - In the back of the neck the central nervous system with the black eyes
shone through, on the right side of the body the white anterior genital mass did so.

The form was as usual. The papilla; closely set on the lateral parts of the back, were in-
distinctly arranged in transverse rows, and these rows, perhaps, were gathered into three chief groups,
the rows containing scarcely upwards of 4 — 6 papillae; the papilla; were firmly attached, lengthened-
conical. The projecting anal papilla was situated under the middle of the length of the dorsal edge,
the fine renal pore midway between this and the genital papilla.

The cerebro-pleural ganglia were angular-oval, with a distinct transverse furrow; the roundish
pedal ones were a little larger than the pleural ones, the commissures between them rather short.
The nerve-cells, especially those of the pleural ganglia, were very large, and rose to a diameter of
0.20nim_ — The alniost sessile eyes had a diameter of o-i2mm with a large yellowish lens; the otocysts
were only a little larger than the eyes, with many clear otoconia.

The bulbus pharyngeus was 3,nm long, by a height of 175™™, and a breadth of 2mm; of the
common form, the radula-sheath only slightly projecting. The light yellow mandibles were of the
same length as the bulbus; the hinge-part was not strong; the masticator}' process short; the masti-
catory edge with 4 — 5 rows of rounded teeth (fig. 14) rising only to a height of o-oo9mm. The second-
ary oral cavities were rather wide, hut their opening rather narrow. The tongue of the common
form, the radula colourless. The median tooth-plates were yellowish in the basal part, otherwise the
tooth-plates were almost colourless. The height of the median teeth on the hinder part of the tongue

ROI'ODA

he length of the lateral teeth 0*26 (the oldest onlj measured
■ 1 ngtie wi series "I tooth-plates, and in the radula sheath

1 which '. full) developed; thus the whole numb ries was 23. The median

"ii either side of the only slight!) projecting point. The lateral
denticles on one edge (fig,
The oesophagus was of the same length as the bulbus pharyngeus.

I .1111 ii"t able t" decide whether this form is new, or is to 1"- referred to »hl- of thi

Coryphella sp.

PI. IV, Kg. 20; \', figs. 1 1 13.

•.hi-- form one specimen was taken on Isafjord on the 7 of June 1895, and preserved in
ill ohol.

This individual was 9"" long, by a breadth of 2-~,r:m and a height of 3"" ; tin- length of the
rhinophores and the tentacles was v$mm, of tin.- dorsal papillae rs""'; tin- breadth of the fore end of
tin- foot witli its corners projecting in a fingerlike manner, was 2-25""". — The colour was now only
whitish with remnants of a dark brown pigment, especially on the hack and sides.

The form was as in other Coryphellae. The head was large; the papillae (which had for a
irt fallen off) appeared to be gathered into four groups that onlj seemed to contain few series,
and few papillae in each series. The anal opening was at the hind end of the second group of papillae,
in the d Ige.

The bulbus pharyngeus was 2" long, of the common form; the secondary mouth cavities

were rather large, their hind wall black-brown, their opening wide. The mandibles were yellowish,

with a darker hinge-part, the masticatory edge had a series of (about .|< .) denticles mostly truncate

111. and inside of these several irregular series of low tubercles (fig. 1 1 ). The tongue was of the

in, with 5 series of tooth-plates, further back 9 series were found, two of which were not

I; thus the total number of series was i.j. The median tooth-plates were yellow, the

almost colourless. The length of the median plates was o-20mn', by a breadth of o-iOm m,

: the length of the lateral ones was almost o-i4m'". The median tooth-plates

in "i tlu common form, with 5 — 6 powerful denticles on each side of the short,

•tie bent point. The lateral tooth-plates (figs. 12 b; 20b) had the common form, with a less deep

h in the fore end, and commonly with 12 13 dentil

Thi ireely to be identical with the preceding one, the lateral teeth

at for tli

NUDIBRANCIIIATE GASTEROPODA.

33

Cor. salmonacea (Couth.).

CoryphcUa salmonacea (Couth.). R. Bergh, anatom. Bidr. til Kundsk. 0111 Aeolidierne. Kgl. D. Vidensk.

Selsk. Skr. 5. R., naturv. og mathem. Afdel. VII. 1864. p. 227 — 237. Tab. IV.

PI. IV, figs. 18— 19; PI. V, figs. 2— 8.

To this species may with rather great certainty be referred 3 specimens, taken on 65°34' L,at. N.,
54° 31' Long.W. (station 29) at a depth of 68 faths (temp. o°2). — One large individual was quite eviscer-
ated, of the other the bulbus pharyngeus was taken.

According to an accompanying note the living animals were white with brown dorsal
papillae1). The specimens that had been preserved in alcohol, were as a rule of a yellowish white
colour.

The length of the two large individuals was now 2-5cm, while the little one only measured
i"5cra; the breadth of the body was in the two former 8mm, in the latter 3"5mra, the height of the body
respective!}' jmm and 3""". In the large specimens the tentacles had a length of 5mm, the rhinophores of
6mm, and the dorsal papillae of up to 3'5mm; the foot rose to a length of 6-5ram and a breadth of 5-5mm,
the corners of the fore edge were only little produced, the foot-brim was narrow, the tail short.

The form was as usual. The head was as before (1. c. pi. IV, figs. 34, 40) described. The not
broad, papillose lateral parts of the back showed close-set, indistinctly separated, and often displaced
transverse and oblique series of papillae, the series mostly containing 4 — 6 papillae. The papillae were
lengthened-conieal , and did not easily fall off. From the region of the strong genital papilla the

intestine was seen very distinctly shining through in its direct course to the anal papillae, projecting
at the dorsal edge a little behind the middle of the length of the body; the fine renal pore was seen
(above the intestine) midway between the genital and the anal papilla. The foot was powerful,

rather broad.

The white central nervous system was as before (I.e. fig.41) described by me; the right
pleural ganglion sent forth a rather long N. genitalis forming a rather large ganglion (of a diameter
of o-24mm) with one large cell (diam. o-i6mm) and several smaller cells.

The almost sessile eye situated in front of the cerebro-pedal connective, is globular, of a dia-
meter of o-i2mm. Close behind the eye the otocyst is seen of a diameter of o-i4TT"n with a not great
number of clear otoconia.

The bulbus pharyngeus is large and powerful, in the two large individuals of a length of
5-5 — 6mm, by a breadth of 4— 4-5""" and a height of 3-25mra. Its form was as has earlier been described
(I.e. figs. 1 — 3); the labial disk large, the radula sheath projecting in a knoblike manner; in situ the
mandibles were seen of a light grayish brown colour. The}- were of the earlier (I.e. figs. 4 — 6) de-
scribed form, greenish yellow with a not strong hinge-part, short and powerful masticatory process;
the masticator}- edge rather broad with mostly 8 — 9 series of obtuse or, on the edge itself, pointed
denticles (fig. 2). The secondary oral cavities were not small, but their opening narrow (comp. 1. c.
figs. 4, 10); their hinder wall is, for the greater part, covered with a strong, yellow cuticle, crossed

') According to the MSS of the Greenland investigator Moller (comp. I.e. 1864. p. 228) the animals are said to be
semitransparent, pink, with gray-brown or red papillse with white point.

The [ngolf-Expedition. II. 3. 5

HAT] GAST1 ROPODA

• ague is .1- earliei described (comp. 1. < 1— 171; the shining,

. in one specimen 1 •■! teeth, in the othei t6 series; further b

idula sheath in one specimen 17 series, in the othei i.j series, of which the two
Inn I fully developed; thus the whole numb 1 « >f the series

remost ones showed more 01 less worn tooth-plat< i.dly the lateral

i< times broken or torn out The median teeth wire- yellow, the thin lateral teeth colour-

The height of the median teeth behind the middle of the tongue was 0-28" , hindmost in the

heath it was the length of the lateral teeth rose to 0*29 bj a breadth of the base of

The median teeth (fig. 3 a! showed a short bifurcation of the side parts of the base; the hook

had commonly down the sides s 9 denticles, ol which all the outer ones were small The lateral

thin, tapering, with a rather broad base, finch and closeh denticulated along the

of their inner edge (fig. 3 b, \).

The salivary glands (Gland, salivales) were white, lengthened, attached to the stomach,

com] i lengthened, ramifying lobes (fig. 5). Partly interwoven with this another gland (GLptya-

lina?) seemed to be, the lobes of which were longer, thinner, and of a quite different appearance (fig

retor) duct was rather abundantly set with small glandulai lobes (fig. 6), and perhaps it
opened into the mouth tub<

The oesophagus had a length of i'5" ' ; the inside showed strong longitudinal folds. The
mach was large, bagshaped, <■)' long by a diameter of 4 ; from its cardia fine folds radiated
continuing through the whole length of the stomach and farther down through the blind hag of the
stomach, and out through the intestine. The intestine originating from the hinder end of the stomach,
runs to the ri<dit a little forward, and then with a bend backward. The stomach and the fore part
of the intestine had ample whitish and gray contents, which were for the greater part of an indeter-
minable animal nature, but in which wen- found portions of small Crustacea and hydroidea, as well as
nis, cnidie, and grains of sand.

The large, li.^ht yellowish white hermaphrodite gland reached behind only to the last third

of the length of the body; it rested on the blind bag of the stomach (the principal biliary duct), which

"nned backward to the beginning of the tail; the length was 8ma by a breadth (behind) of up to

nd a thickness of up to 2mm; it was composed of | large lobes; in the small endlobes were ripe

- and spermatozoids. - The whitish anterior genital mass was 5"" long and broad.

In front was lying the large (fig. 7b), 5'"" long bag of the penis, which was rather thick-walled; the

whil was onlj 1 long, a little curtailed, compressed-conical (fig. 8), The seminal duct (figs.

•■ long, and formed a large bundle, I did not succeed in finding the seminal vesicle.

Coryph. salmonacea (C), var.
PL V, figs. 9 to,
ies that has come to hand after the finishing of the preceding examina-
: 17'Long.W., at a depth of 55 faths, and preserved in 7" alcohoL

imined specimens ■•■ . in one it even rosi

NUDIBRAXCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 35

The specimen, which had lost great part of its dorsal papilla; (they were lying loose in the
glass), was of a whitish colour, only the papillae being slightly brownish. The length was i8mm by a
height of the body of up to 4m,n and a breadth of 6mm; the length of the rhiuophores and the ten-
tacles was 2'5mm, of the papillae — 3'5mm; the breadth of the foot in front was 4mm, the length of the
tail only in,m.

The form was as in the other specimens. The number of the papillae in the series (numbering
perhaps 60) seemed to be 6 — 7. Also in this specimen the rectum shone whitish through in its course
to the anal papilla.

The powerful bulb us pharyngeus together with its conical radula sheath, was 5"™ long
by a breadth of 3"6mm, and a height of 2-4mm. The mandibles were yellowish with black-brown hinge-
part; the masticatory edge as above described. The hinder wall of the secondary oral cavities was
seen as black-brown towards the narrow entrance. The tongue had twelve series of teeth; farther
back 16 series were seen, the two hindmost of which not yet consolidated; thus the total number of
series was 28. The median teeth were yellow, the lateral ones almost colourless; the former rose to
a height of o-26mm, the latter had a length of o-25mm. The median teeth as above, but the denticles
(8 — 12) most frequently a little more numerous (fig. 10) as also the denticulation on the lateral teeth
(fig. 9) oftenest a little more marked.

Gonieolis, M. Sars.

M. Sars, Beretn. ora en i Sommeren 1859 foretagen zool. Reise ved Kysten af Romsdals Amt. i860, p. 4.
G. O. Sars, on some remarkable forms of animal life from the great deeps of the Norwegian coast. I.

1872. p. 39-40.
R. Bergh, die Nudibranchieu .... des Willem Barents?. 1885. p. 13—18 (Bijdrageu tot de Dierkunde.

Aflevering XIII. Amsterdam. Onderzoekings-tochten van de Willem Barents Expeditie.

Gedeelte IV (1886). 1888).
, 1. c. 1892. p. 1029.

Corpus oblongum, subdepressum, subpalliatum; caput sat latum tentaculis fortibus productum;
rhiuophoria fortia, simplicia, elongata; podarium dorso paullo latins, autice vix angulatum.

Mareo masticatorius seriebus denticulorum minutissimorum armatus. Dentes laterales radulae
fere lit in Coryphellis.

This genus, which belongs to the family of the Coryphellidae, has the characters common in
this family; the long, simple rhinophores and a lateral tooth on each side of the median teeth of the
radula. It is most nearly related to the genus Chlamylla^ and it will perhaps, by further examinations,
be impossible to maintain the generic separation of these two generic forms.

Gonieolis has a somewhat pecidiar and depressed clumsy form with projecting dorsal edges,
and colossal rhinophores and tentacles; the masticatory edge of the mandibles has several series of
quite small irregular knobs.

5*

R( >1>< H. \

nlj comprised the found l.\ Sars and examined by me The

■ht home two specimens of < ronieolis, mutually different, and one of them
riating from the typical species, that I h.i\ >_• thought ii better, at least for the present,
■ • w individuals with the typical species.

i. Gon. typica, M. Sars.
R. Bergh, 1. c. 1885. p. i | ta Tat III, Fig. 1-26.

This sp 'in- to be marked "it from tin- two others by a different form oi the man-

dibles, b) .1 stronger denticulation of the lateral teeth land perhaps by the want of a specially
developed prostate gland).

2. Gon. intermedia, Bgh. n.sp.

PL IV, figs. 1'.- 17.

ether with the following species one individual of the present species was taken on June
at 9*30 .1. 111. .hi 66 1 ;' I. at. X., 55 57'Long.W. with the trawl from a depth of 88 faths (temp.

The specimen that was rather well preserved in alcohol, was of a whitish colour; its length

. the other measures relatively as in the following species.
The form was as in the typical species, the dorsal lateral edges more projecting than in the
.wing species; the corners and the fore edge of the foot distinctly projecting, more so than in
both the other species; the flaccid, dorsal papillae, many of which had fallen off, rose to a length of
6mm; the genital openings wen- quite as in the typical species, and so was the anal papilla.

The central nervous system together with eyes and otocysts were as in the species de-
bed below.

The bulbus pharyngeus was to a remarkable degree like that in Chlamylla borealis1), and
ise hollowed in the hinder part of the upper surface; it was | broad l>y a length and
height ol The lij^ht yellow mandibles had the same form as in the following species; only

the keel in front on the outside was a little slighter; the masticator} process and th« masticat

described below. The tongue was quite as in the following species; in the co-

radula 8 series of teeth were seen, and as many in the short radula sheath, which was directed

.ward; thus the total number of series was [6, of which the two hindmost ones were not yet

quit< ped. The tooth-plates were almost quite colourless; the breadth of the median teeth rose

a height ol and a length ol ; the length of the lateral teeth rose to o-2omm.

;n of the median tooth-plates (figs. [6a, i;ai wa- between the form of those in the preceding

ind tho-e in the following one, though nearer to the latter; on each side of the rathei short

ng denticles were seen. The lateral tooth-plates (figs. 15b, 17I0 were shorter

and • than in both the other species, and without denticulation.

hien ... des Willem Barents . 1. > p. 11. Taf I. Fig. 11.

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROTODA.

37

The anterior genital mass was of about the same form as in the typical species, 6mm long
by a breadth of 4mm and a thickness of 5""". The ampulla of the duct of the hermaphrodite gland was
also as in the typical species, forming several windings. As in the following species') a little whitish
prostate gland of a diameter of 2""" was found, formed of fine interwoven windings; the muscular
seminal duct arising from this gland, was loosely rolled to a little bundle, also as in the following
species, its thinner fore end plunged into the top of the little preputial bag which projected exter-
nally with its foremost edge; from this bag the highly tapering glans penis projected 3Rlra2). The
seminal vesicle as in the other species continuing in its powerful duct, the opening of which was seen
in the depth of the vulvas) that projected externally. The white and whitish albuminous-mucous
gland formed the greater part of the anterior genital mass.

By the examination and the specific determination of Nudibranchiata it is frequently an awk-
ward thing that this examination and determination has to be made by the means of only one indi-
vidual, especially when the forms of this individual as far as possible have to be spared. Many of
these animals seem to be able to vary considerably as well with regard to the outer as to the inner
structure. The individual here examined, agreed in the outer form more with the typical species, in
the nature of the mandibles and the presence of a prostate gland with the following species, but
differed from both bv the structure of the radula.

3. Gon. atypica, Bgh. n. sp.

PL IV, figs. 6—15; PI. V, fig. 1.

Of this form one specimen was taken on July n,h 9-30 a. m. on 66° 43' Lat. N., 55= 57' Long. W.
with the trawl from a depth of 88 faths (temp. 2°6— 2°).

The individual, which was well preserved in alcohol, was generally of a whitish colour-*). —
It surpassed in size the hitherto found Gonieolides; its length?) was 5\5cm, by a breadth of the back
of r6cm and a height of i'3cm. The length of the tentacles in this colossal individual rose to nn,m, and
that of the rhinophores to i5nim; the breadth of the lateral parts of the back, that were set with
papillae, appeared to rise to 4 — 5"™ and the remaining papillae rose only to a length of at most 3"™.
The length of the foot was almost 5-''" by a breadth of up to r6cm; the breadth of the foot-brim was
3mm, and the length of the tail 3mm.

The form is somewhat flattened, and the height evenly decreasing backward, very slight at
the hinder end. The head (figs. 6, 7), the region between the rhinophores and the tentacles, sloping

i) It is hardly possible that I should have failed to notice the existence of a prostate gland in the typical species.

2) Comp. R. Bergh, die Nudibranchien . . . des Willem Barents . 1. c. p. 18. Taf. Ill, Fig. 25 ef, 2.

3) Comp. 1. c. p. iS. Taf. Ill, Fig. 2 f.

1. According to Sars the colour of the typical species is commonly yellowish white, only the lateral parts of the
back (on account of the liver) being yellowish brown; in the median line of the body, especially on the sole of the foot, a
minium-red stripe shone through.

5) The (3) individuals of Gon. typica examined by Sars, measured I2mm, the (3) specimens earlier examined by me,
measured 2—2,3"" *" length.

I'<i|'ci!.\

i a) projects on either side: behind the rathei closi

erful rhinophores, likewise conical (fig. 6b); in front the roundish outer

•nth part high!) decreasing in breadth, almost flat, smooth; its

only a little over the sides of the l»>d\. The papilligerous lateral pari ther

■ nt almost stretching to the base of the tentacles (fig. 6c a), behind almost meeting at

the the tail. Tin- papilla- were densel) crowded without being distinctly placed in oblique

rhaps containing 6 8 papillae'). The size ol the papillae is upon the wholi

in othei Aeolidiadat ising outwardly; the remaining papillae were uncommonly small, conical,

not tall oil quite easily. The sides of the bod) were not quite low. In the region under

the ri^lit rhinophore a rather long and rather strongl) projecting told was seen running towards the

amis; tlu- fore end (praeputium penis) of this told projected 5""" in a lobelike manner, and behind and

•id 1>\ this fold tlu- genital aperture was seen (fig. 6). Farther back, about at tin.- middle

the side of tin- body the anal papilla was found directed a little upward, and before it the little

ipilla (fig.6d). The foot is powerful, the rounded fore end with a deep marginal furrow (fig.6),

and medianly emarginate upper lip; the foot-brim not narrow; the tail flat, lanceolate, rather short

At the uppermost part of the sides of the body towards the dorsal edj^e the liver shone through
•lite small, slightly yellowish white grains; similar grains, but more powerful (for a great part
with mark from fallen-off papillae) were seen on the lateral parts of the back towards the papillae.

The central nervous system showed almost the same structure as was seen by the
preceding examination2] of the typical species; especially on account of the contractility of the
enclosing loose capsula, the absolute and relative form and size of the different ganglia vary not a
little in the Xudibranchiata. The boundary between the cerebral ganglia and the pleural ones

rather distinctly marked, and the pedal ganglia (fig.8b) a little larger than the cerebro-pleural
The strong ganglia rhinophorialia (olfactoria) (fig.8c) were rather short-stalked; the buccal
flia and the gastro-oesophagal ones (fig. 8d) were as before described. The pedal commissure
ible one. before it the much thinner pleural one was seen, and in front a subcerebral com-
pare.

The otocysti 'Her described. I succeeded also in this individual in finding eyes (fig. 8);

they were almost sessile, of a diameter of about 0-l6mm, with a black pigment and a yellowish lens.

The buccal tube i- short The bulbus pharyngeus very strong, shorts), 8mi broad by a

and a height of 6mm, the radula sheath not projecting or indicated on the hinder end.

The mandibles were as long and high as the bulb, light amber coloured, only the crista coiniectiva

and the m,. edge yellowish brown (fig. 9); in front on the outside was seen a short, strongly

(fig. 10); the masticatory edge rather broad 1 — o^oio""*'), the masticatory process

right; the masticator) edge somewhat worn with many (up to about jular row- ol

", little 1 projecting nodules, most frequentl) obtuse .md cleft (fig. n). The secondary

•her large with a rather wide opening; their hinder wall had a slightly yellowish

ili.i examined by me, tlu- ■'. t" contain more

.in length is-

■

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 39

cuticula, that was dark-coloured towards its inner edge. The tongue was short and powerful, only
2-25mm long, and of almost the same height and breadth, with an almost colourless radula. In this
latter were counted 13 series of tooth-plates; farther back, in the short (2ram long) whitish radula sheath
that was directed backward, 12 series were found, two of which were not yet quite developed; thus
the total number of series was 25; but on the lower edge of the tongue marks were visible of 8 series
that had fallen off. The tooth-plates were almost colourless (very pale yellowish), highly fragile, and
all the plates on the tongue were worn or otherwise injured (fig. 14). The breadth between the legs
of the foremost tooth-plates was o-20mm, but it rose to o-35mm. The median tooth-plates (fig. 12) were
of a shape somewhat different from that in the two other species; they were broader and their hook
shorter. The lateral plates were likewise of a somewhat different shape (figs. 13 — 15), and the denticu-
lation of the edge of the hook was far slighter than in the typical species.

The whitish salivary glands were lengthened and stretched to the lower side of the sto-
mach; their excretory duct was rather long.

The oesophagus short (4mm longl. The form of the stomach was oval, it had a length of 13™™
by a diameter of up to jmm, and on the inside were strong longitudinal folds; it receives on either
side a biliary duct, and from the hindmost part of its right side it sends forth the intestine, inside of
which it, as it were, continues in the chief biliary duct (the blind bag of the stomach). The in-
testine runs along the upper edge of the anterior genital mass, forms a curve downward, and rises
to the anal papilla; its whole length was i8mm by diameter of 2-5 — 2mm; its inside showed numerous
longitudinal folds. — The abundant white contents of the alimentary canal were an indeterminable
animal mass, in which were to be seen remains of Copepoda, bristles of Annelids, and a large quantity
of cnidce.

The chief biliary duct runs somewhat curved in a deep furrow on the lower side of the
hermaphrodite gland, receives from either side several rather short, ramifying biliary ducts, and con-
tinues a little way behind the hermaphrodite gland. The branches of this duct, as well as of the
other two biliary ducts are covered with liver-cells, and form thus the thick, and, as it were, some-
what spongy layer of slightly yellowish liver mass covering the sides of the body above and the
lateral parts of the back, and shining through on the outside (fig. 7); from this layer the liver lobes
of the dorsal papillae rise, almost filling out their cavity; they are almost cylindrical, only little rugged.
At the points of the papillae the lengthened cnidocyst is seen, filled with mostly rounded cnidse.

The ventricle of the heart had a length of 4-5mm. The renal layer and the pericardio-renal
organ as before described.

The hermaphrodite gland was powerful, yellowish, its whole length was 22mm by a breadth
in front of o,mm; in front it projects with a somewhat flattened lobe under the rectum and the stomach;
it consists of a number of large lobes, made up of smaller ones; its end-lobes contained large oogene
cells and developed zoosperms. — The anterior genital mass was large, lengthened, compressed,
running along, and attached to, the right side of the stomach; it had a length of 14™™ by a height
of 9'5mm, and a thickness of 5mm; the light yellowish gray ampulla of the duct of the hermaphrodite
gland (fig. 1 b) ran for the greater part of its length along its inside; at its fore end the windings of

IBRANCHIAT1 ROPODA

behind them on the inside the prostate gland, and under that the seminal

The ampulla was bj a diametei oi i anteriorl) it sends forth a quit<

nd a seminal duel a little longer. The lattei formed a large prostate mass (fig. 1 c),

high, and 3 thick, which mas- was bent once 01 twice, and measured, when stretched

diametei . it consisted of close set, quite fine windings; anteriorly it tapered a

ed into the muscular continuation of the seminal du id). The windings "i this

• measured, wh< hed out, t8mm; it tapered anteriorly, and ended in a hollow on the top ol

road, thin-walled hinder end of the peuis bag (fig. i e), which l>a^ continues in the outer,

g. 1 f) that ii l of the glans (fig. 11. the whole length of which was 6-<j , and which

mg ciliated epithelium; the seminal duct that grew thinner in its course, continued

snake-like windings to the verj point of the glans. The seminal bag (fig. 1 g) the position of

which is rather hidden, is globular, of a diametei oi 2-5' ; it passes b) degrees into its only a little

The whitish and limewhite mucous -albuminiparous gland formed the greater

• of the anterior genital mass

This species is especially by the remarkable formation of a fold <>n the right side of
the bodj marked ofl from both the other species, from which it further appears to deviate with

1 tn the nature of the lateral teeth of the radula.

Subfam. Tergipedinae.

R. Bergh, System der nudibranch. Gasteropoden. [892. p. 1024— 1027.

This group contains forms with a somewhat compressed body, simple rhinophores, and a latero-

al position of the anal papilla; the dorsal papilla; are short and thick, clubshaped, and, as it were,

arranged in one or a few longitudinal series; the foot is rounded anteriorly. ■■ The masticatory edge

of the mandibles bears mostly a single series of denticles; the tongue has most frequently only a

singli of tooth-plates. The otocyst contains only a single otolith.

The family comprises the genera: Tergipes (Cuv., Aid. et Hanc) with a single series of papillae

and unarmed penis; Capcllinia (Trinchese) also with onlj one series of papillae, but with three series

loth-plates dike the Galvinae) and with armed penis; Embletonia (Aid. et Hanc.) has one or more

i papillae, a smooth masticatory edge, and unarmed penis; nearl) related with this genus is

'1.1, which has, however, real tentacles land not head-lobes). Amphortna (Quatrefages) has

largi Gl. ptyalinae, and armed penis; Galvina (Aid. et Hanc) has three series of

GL ptyalinae, hut unarmed penis; Myja (Bgh.) resembles somewhat Tcrgipes, but has

:100th masticatory edge; perhaps also the singular Forestia (Trinchese) in which the radula is

rmed inti ••.ted hand, must be referred to this family.

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA.

41

Amphorina, Quatrefages.

Aviphorina, O. Mem. sur les Gasterop. phlebenteres. Ann. des sc. nat. 3 S. I. 1844. p. 145 — 151.

, O. R. Bergh, Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Aeolidiaden. VII. Verh. d. k. k. zool. bot. Ges. in Wien.

XXXII. 1882. p. 54— 61. — VIII. I.e. XXXV. 1885. p. 37— 39.
, O. Vayssiere, rech. sur les moll, opisthobr. II. Nudibranches et Ascoglosses. 1888.
p. 107 — in.
Trinchesia, Iher. Zoolog. Anz. II. 1879. P- x37 Note.

Papillae subinflatae, fusiformes.

Margo masticatorius serie deuticulorum minutorum praeditus. Dentes (mediani) apice quasi
elevato. Glandulae ptyalinae. — Penis stylo recto vel curvato armatus.

The genus comprises only a few species:

1. A. AlberH, Quatref.

var. Icopardina, Vayss.
M. atlant, mediterr.

2. A. coerulea (Mtg.).

Eolidia Bassi, Ver.
M. atlant., mediterr.

3. A. 111 olios. Herdmann.

M. atlant.

Amphorina Alberti, Quatrefages?

R. Bergh, Beitr. zur Kenntn. d. Aeolidiaden. VII. 1. c. XXXII. 1882. p. 55—57. Taf. IV,

Fig. 10 — 24; Taf. VI, Fig. 19—21.

PI. V, figs. 24—28.

On the 10th of May 1895 two specimens probably of this species were taken at Trangisvaag.

One individual had a length of 4™"', the other of s^"1™, by a height of about imm, and a breadth
of almost 075mm; the height of the papilla? rose to about r25mm. The body had a yellowish white
colour, the head was whitish, the dorsal papillae were brownish gray with a whitish point.

The form was the common one. The body was lengthened and narrow; the smooth, a little
truncate rhinophores and tentacles were not long. The papillae were arranged in six groups with
two, sometimes three papillae in each; in the groups in front the papillae were smaller, and in the
hindmost group they were quite small; the two inmost papillae were of about equal size, and in
the three groups very powerful, short-fusiform; if a third papilla was found it was always much
smaller. The anal papilla was situated immediately at the outer edge of the fourth group of papilla?.
The foot was narrow, anteriorly a little broader, with rounded corners; the tail was short.

The Ingolf-Expedition. II. 3. 6

1ST] ROFODA

The bulbus pharyngeus u.^ • ■! an « >\ -il form long. The hinge-part oi the man-

trongl) yellowish, otherwise the) were almost colourless; the not short masti-
I .1 sing! pointed denticles ol a height of 00045" '''«•- -\ '•)• The lengthened,

ague showed .1 ver) slightlj yellowish radula containing i'> tooth-plates (34 on the lower
the upper one), and two were further found lying loose posteriorly at the base ol tin-
in tlu- radula-sheath 20 tooth-plates were seen, of which the three hindmost ones were not
ped; thus the total cumber of tooth-plates was 66'). The tooth-plates were yellowish;
the) had .1 breadth of 006 b) a height of 0*04 . and were of the- earlier described form with 6
nted denticles on each side of the but little strong hook (figs. 25 27).

The liver-lobes were as before mentioned. The pyriform cnidocyst was in the largest pa-
pill., long; the cnidse were roundish, their largest diameter 0-007 — o-oi3mm.

The penis was as described before; the colourless hook that was slightly curved, and at the
end, as it were, obliquely cut off, (fig. 28a) was about irojmm long,

Galvina, Aid. et Hanc.

R. Bergh, System der nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden. 1S92. p. 1026 -1027.

The- Galvinae form a rather well marked group. Even their exterior is remarkable by the
dorsal papillae being, as it were, somewhat inflated; they show, however, especially a quite

diar .structure of the radula, which has strong median teeth, the hooks of which are, as it
were, bent down and situated below the level of these teeth; tile lateral teeth are very broad,
and their inner part projects backwards in a lanceolate hook.

The Galvinae .seem chiefly to belong to the less warm tracts of the sea.

Galvina sp. (anonyma).
PL IV. figs. _> 1 25.

ther with some specimens of Coryphella salmonacea (mentioned above) another little Aeo-

lidia was taken, which, in a short notice, is said to have been whitish with red dorsal papillae.

The individual, which was only middlingly preserved in alcohol, was of a yellowish white

iur. Its length was iomm, by a breadth of the body of up to 3 , and a height of up to 2-5mm.

The rhinophores were 2mm long, the tentacles imm, and the (remaining) dorsal papillae likewise only

The form was the common one. The lateral parts of the back that were covered with pa-
pilla more narrow than the naked middle part; the number of series of papillae was not large,
and the number of papillae in a series exceeded scarcel) '>. The papillae were conical, partly some-
what inflated, a great deal had fallen off. The foot was anteriorly rather broad, almost without

ly known individual, only the bulbus pharyngeus was examined It showed
Mil, the radula formed a cone on the hinder end; the length was 2-3 , b) a breadth

camined specimens was 67, 61, 64; in A. cotruUa it was (*>. 57, 60.

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 43

of 2mn\ and a height of 13'"™; the hinge-part was not strong; the masticator}- process was rather
short and slightly bent; the masticatory edge had a few series of short teeth, displaced among each
other (fig. 21). The tongue was of the common form; the radula was almost colourless, and had 011
its long lower edge and short upper one 35 series of teeth (and besides a loose lying median tooth
below); in the radula sheath 41 series were seen, the four hindmost of which were not yet completely
developed; thus the whole number of series was 76. The median teeth were slightly yellowish, the
lateral teeth colourless. The height of the oldest (foremost) median teeth was cro8mm, and the breadth
likewise o-o8mm; the hindmost ones seemed to have the same measures, as also the lateral teeth, the
breadth of which was o-i2mm. The tooth-plates were of the form, which has been pointed out in the
other Galvinae; the strong median teeth (figs. 22 a, 23, 24, 25a) had the usual bent down hook, and
to each side of that four, more rarely three, denticles, of which the inner one was the more clumsy.
The weak, but broad lateral teeth (figs. 22 b, 25 b) showed the usual lanceolate, short hook.

None of the hitherto known (northern) Galvinae have shown the above mentioned colours,
and thus the possibility is not excluded that we have here a new form. It seems not to be possible
to differentiate the Galvinae bv means of the structure of the radula.

■•<>)» r^o-^-

ZSp

<T

VNLIIIAT1 ROI'ODA

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Most of the figures are drawn by means of the camera lucida.

PI. I.

Bathydoris Ingolfiana, Bgh.

i. The animal, from behind Natural size

Th< -am.., from before Natural size

— 3. 1 me of the papulae of the hack.

— 4. Tlu- bulbus pharyngeus, lateral view. Natural size. '/ the labial disk, b the region of the

outer margin of the mandible, c the radula-sheath, </ the oesophagus, e the duct of the sali-
varj -land with its ampulla

The tongue with a the radula, behind this the tectum radulae, and hindmost b the end of
the radula-sheath.

6. The mandibles, from before, a the upper end. Natural size.

7. A piece of the median part of the radula, with a median tooth, and bb innermost lateral tooth.
x 100 diam.

Median tooth, x 200 diam.

— o. First lateral tooth, x 100 diam.

— in. The same, lateral view, x 100 diam.

11. Two of the largest lateral teeth, x 100 diam.

12. Outermost part of a series of teeth with 11 tooth-plates, a the outermost one. x 100 diam.

13. One of the outer tooth-plates, lateral view, x 100 diam.

— 11. A couple of the outenm h-plates, from above, x 100 diam.
[5 (abnormal) double tooth-plate, x loo diam.

The hermaphrodite gland, from its upper side.
17. Follicles of the hermaphrodite gland.

nterior genital mass; a the mucous gland, b the spermatheca, in front of and upon it
the penis bag, 1 the coalesce! genital vulvarian folds.

/ the duct of the hermaphrodite gland, b oviduct, , seminal duct, d the base of the praepu-
tium, 1 glans penis, / the aperture on its point
seminal duct, us penis, slit longitudinally, with the continuation of the seminal duct

!i its point

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 45

PI. II.

Bathydoris Ingolfiana, Bgh.

Fig. 1. a labial disk, b bulbus pharyngeus, cc the salivary glands on the sides of the first stomach,
to the left of this the second stomach, dddd the intestine, circumscribing the liver, and to the
right the renal branches with the base of the urinal chamber.

— 2. The central nervous system, mostly drawn with cam. luc. aa Ganglia cerebralia, bb G. pleu-

ralia, cc G. pedalia, d Commissura magna, ee G. buccalia, / Comm. buccalis.

Doridoxa Ingolfiana, Bgh.

Fig. 3. The animal from the ventral side. 4/z.

— 4. The central nervous system, from above, x 55 diam. aa cerebro-pleural ganglia, bb pedal

ganglia, c buccal ganglia.

— 5. The bulbus pharyngeus, from the lower side, a little obliquely.

— 6. The same, lateral view, a oesophagus.

— 7. The mandibles, from before; a processus masticatorii. lo/t.

— 8. A piece of the innermost part of the masticatory edge, x 350 diam.

— 9. The tongue with the radula, from before.

— 10. The same, lateral view.

11. The middle part of the radula, from below, a median teeth, bb innermost lateral tooth.

— 12. A piece of the middle part of two series of teeth.

Figs. 11 — 12 drawn with cam. luc. x 350 diam.
- 13. The alimentary canal, a oesophagus, b stomach, cc intestine, d biliary bladder.

— 14. a the thinner, b the thicker part of the seminal duct, c penis, x 55 diam.

— 15. Seminal vesicle, a its duct, x 55 diam.

Cadlina repanda (A. et H.).

Fig. 16. A piece of the labial plate.

— 17. Middle part of the radula, a median teeth.

— 18. The largest tooth-plates.

19. Piece of the armature of glaus penis and seminal duct.

Figs. 16 — 19 drawn with cam. luc. x 350 diam.

Candiella Ingolfiana, Bgh.

Fig. 20. The first lateral tooth.

— 21. Second and third lateral teeth.

— 22. One of the largest lateral teeth.

Figs. 20 — 22 drawn with cam. luc. x 350 diam.

ROl \

HI. III.

Doridoxa Ingolflana, Bgh.

tin- radula, from above </ median teeth, b innermost lateral tooth.
■, parti) lateral view. -/ and b as in Eg. i.

hi tilth. -/•/ outermost tooth-plate
> i ; drawn witli cam. luc • 350 diam.

Candiella Ingolfiana, Bgh.

tin masticator) edge of tin- mandible, " the fr< x 200 diam.

— ;. A 1 I the middle part of the radula, '/ median tooth

of tlu- largest lateral teeth.
The outer end of a series of teeth, '/ outermost tooth.

Pigs. 5 7 drawn with Cam. Inc. x 350 diam.
8 a Seminal vesicle, b its duct.

Seminal duct, b penis bag with the glans penis situated in its cavity.

Atthila Ingolfiana, Bgh.

to. Tin- fore end of tlie body with the oral aperture, tentacles, and fore edge of the foot

11. The two-lipped sheath of the rhinophore, between the two unequally long lobes the point
of the club of the rhinophore is seen.

12. The central nervous system, drawn with cam. luc. >c 55 diam. a cercbro-pleural ganglia,

nglia, < buccal ganglia, d the large common commissure, < the buccal commissure.

— 1 ;v Otocyst x 350 diam.

14. The bulbus pharyngeus from above, the pharynx removed, so that the tongue is laid bare,
n the region of the fore end of the mandibles.

— 15. The mandibles, from before, a the hinge-part

— 16. The hinder end of the mandible, x 100 diam.

17. The hindmost part of the masticatory edge of the same, x too diam.
ague, from below, with radula.
Median tooth from three series of teeth.
20. The first lateral tooth.

— 21. A similar one in another position.

a two median teeth, and // first lateral tooth, lateral view.

The ninth and tenth lateral teeth (counted from the median tooth) of two series.

ral teeth.

oth-plates with 5 tooth-plates, a the outermost one.
\n with cam. Inc. x 350 diam.

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 47

Deiulronotus robust us, Verrill.

Fig. 27. The rhinophore with its sheath and club.

— 28. The tongue from above with the radula-sheath shining through and with the upper end of

the radula.

— 29. a Seminal duct, b glans penis projecting from the bottom of the praeputium.

PL IV.

Deiulronotus robust us, Verrill.

The fore end of the animal.

The tail of the animal.

Elements of the prehensile ring, x 350 diam.

Fig. 1

— 2

— 3
4

— 5

A median tooth, from above, x 200 diam.

The outer end of a series of teeth, a the outermost tooth, b the edge of the radula. x 350 diam.

Gonieolis atypica, Bgh.
Fig. 6. The fore end of the animal, from the right side, with a tentacles, b rhiuophores, and c dorsal
papillae; with the genital aperture, the renal pore, d anal papilla, and c foot-brim.

— 7. The fore end, from above; aa, c as in fig. 6.

— 8. The central nervous system, from above, drawn with cam. luc; a Ganglia cerebro-pleuralia,

bb Ganglia pedalia, cc Ganglia olfactoria, dd G. buccalia and gastro-oesophagalia, e commis-
sura subcerebralis, f comm. pleuralis, g coram, pediaea.

— 9. The mandibles from the fore side. 5/T.

— 10. The hinge-part of the right mandible, from before.

— 11. A piece of the masticatory edge, a fore edge. X 350 diam.

— 12. Median tooth-plates from above.

— 13. Lateral tooth-plate, from the radula.

— 14. Worn foremost (oldest) lateral tooth-plate.

Figs. 12 — 14 drawn with cam. luc. x 200 diam.

— 15. Lateral tooth-plate, x 250 diam.

Gonieolis intermedia, Bgh.
Fig. 16. From the middle part of the radula, a median plate, b lateral plate.

— 17. A similar piece, lateral view, a and b as in fig. 16.

Figs. 16 — 17 drawn with cam. luc. x 350 diam.

Coryphella salmonacea (Couth.).
Fig. iS. Excretory duct of the Gland ptyalina? x 100 diam.

— 19. Lateral teeth, x 350 diam.

\-< IPODA

i \ryphella sp. (anon) ma)
ral view, a median teeth, bb lateral teeth. X350 diara

Galvina sp. (anon) ma).

• the masticator) edge ol the mandible.
— 22, A piece of the radula, from above, a median teeth, b lateral teeth
\ median tooth, from above.
Two median teeth, from the under side.

the radula, lateral view; « and b as in fig. 22.
drawn with cam. hie. x 350 diam.

PI. V.
Gonieolis atypica, Bgh.

1. Tin.- efferent ducts of the genital system, viewed from the inside of the anterior genital nia^.

the hinder edge of the anterior genital mass; <i the duct of the hermaphrodite gland,
/' ampulla of the same; c the prostatic part, and </ the musculous part of the seminal duct;
e the inner part, and / the outer part of the penis (with glans); g the seminal vesicle, and
// its duct

Coryphella salmonacea (Couth.).

2, A piece of the masticatory edge of the mandible, </ the free edge, x 350 diam.

of the radula, lateral view, na median teeth, bb lateral teeth, x 200 diam.
A lateral tooth. X 350 diam.
\ piece of the salivary gland (Gl. saliv.).

— 6. A piece of the gland of the oral tube (Gl. ptyalina).

Figs. 5 and 6 drawn with cam. Inc. x 100 diam.

— initial duct, /' penis bag.

— eminal duct, /' glans penis.

Coryphella salmonacea (Couth.), oar.

Lateral tooth-plate, from abowe.
Median tooth-plate, lateral view.

drawn with cam. Inc. x 350 diam.

Coryphella sp.

:l- A P> the masticator) edge of the mandible, ,1 the hinder end.

: the radula, lateral view, >ia median teeth, bb lateral teeth.

— 13. A median tooth, from the under side.

NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPODA. 49

Coryphella sp. (anonyma).

Fig. 14. A piece of the edge of the masticatory process of the mandible, a the free edge.

— 15. A median tooth, from the under side.

— 16. Two lateral teeth, from above.

Figs. 11 — 16 drawn with cam. Inc. x 350 diam.

Aldisa zetlandica (Aid. et Hanc).

Fig. 17. The central nervous system, from above, x 55 diam. aa cerebral ganglia, bb pleural ganglia,
cc pedal ganglia.

— 18. Otocyst. x 350 diam.

— 19. One of the largest tooth-plates.

— 20. One of the outermost plates in the series of teeth.

Figs. 19 — 20 drawn with cam. Inc. x 750 diam.

— 21. Glans penis, x 350 diam.

— 22. A piece of the latter part of the seminal duct, x 350 diam.

— 23. Elements of the armature of the same, x 750 diam.

Amphorina Alberti, Ouatref.

Fig. 24. The fore end of the mandible, with a the hinge-part, /; the masticatory process.

- 25. A tooth-plate, from above.

— 26. A similar one, from the under side.

- 27. A similar one, lateral view.

- 28. Penis, with a its hook.

Figs. 24 — 28 drawn with cam. luc. x 350 diam.

Doridoxa Ingolfiana, Bgh., var.

Fig. 29. Median teeth, from above (the denticles drawn too strong).

— 30. Lateral tooth-plates of the outer third part of a series.

Lamcllidoris muricata (O. F. Mull.).

Fig-31- A piece of the radula; a false median tooth-plates, b lateral tooth-plates, c outermost tooth-plates.
Figs. 29 — 31 drawn with cam. luc. x 350 diam.

— 32. Crop of the bulbus pharyngeus, a the stem of the same.

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