K 72 BRADLEE WHIDDEN, PUBLISHER, 18 ARCH STREET, BOSTON. Marine Biological Laboratory r-=) i _D ; oi ! i=> D i O i m I D BY EDWARD KNOBEL. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY BRADLEE WHIDDEN. Copy right, 1895, by E. KNOBEL. LEPIDOPTERA. BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. — Insects without jaws, having the maxillae prolonged into a spiral sucking tube, the wings broad and covered with dust-like scales. The transformations are complete. The larva? are provided with six true legs, and from one pair to five of false or pro-legs. The pupa is generally inclosed in a cocoon (except butterflies), and has the legs and wings soldered to the breast. This order has been divided into three groups, called day, dusk, and night lepidoptera, or butterflies, sphinges, and moths. Butterflies are distinguished from moths by having the antenna; knobbed or thickened at the end ; while the antenna; of hawk-moths are thickened in the middle, those of moths are either simple or feathered. As these are the most delicate of all insects they should be carefully handled, to avoid injuring the specimen by rubbing the dust or scales from the wings. They are most easily captured with a gauze net, after which they may be killed with benzine or ether, or by slightly pinching the thorax, taking care to have the wings folded together over the back, then pinned and placed in the collecting box. As entomology does not consist in simply knowing an insect in the perfect state, or being able to give its scientific name, a knowledge of its habits and transformations is necessary. To obtain this the student should collect and rear caterpillars, watching them through their different changes, and closely observing every particular connected with their metamorphoses. Feeding boxes may be of any size, though boxes a foot square are the most convenient. They should have good ventilation, and the atmosphere kept moist by a few inches of damp sand and earth in the bottom. For species 541^8 that do not transform in the ground, light cages of gauze may be used, placing the food, which must be renewed at least once a day, in water. The worms should never be exposed to the sun. Caterpillars of small moths may be kept in wide-mouthed bottles, or even in common tumblers covered with gauze, having sand enough in the bottom to enable them to complete their transformations. For leaf miners, where it is essential to preserve the leaf till the insect has gone through with its transformations, "a glass jar, tumbler, or jam-pot" (as Packard recommends), "the top of which has been ground to receive an air-tight glass cover, the bottom of which has been covered with moist white sand, will keep a leaf fresh for a week. Thus a larva in the summer will have to be fed but two or three times before it changes; and the moth can be seen through the glass without taking off the cover." As the pupae easily dry up, they should b? kept moist. The pupae of fall caterpillars do not change to the perfect insect till the following spring or summer, and during the time should be covered with damp moss and kept in a cool place. The observer should note clown the states of the different transformations in a book kept for the purpose, accom- panied with full an;l accurate descriptions, and drawings when practicable. The food plant should be particularly given. When an insect is reared from the egg the state of hatching should be noted, the length of time required for the worm to become full fed, and the period it remains in the pupa state, as well as the state of appearance of the imago. The swallow-tails, belonging to the family PapiHoni&e, are among our largest and most common butterflies, and are found during summer quite common in fields and meadows. Papilio asterias is a black butterfly with yellow spots along the margin of the wings ; its larva; are green and black, and feed upon parsnips, celery, etc. The white and sulphur butterflies in the larval state feed upon grasses, and are green, hairy caterpillars. The different species of Argynnis have the under side of the wings sprinkled with spots of silver. Siifyrtis has broad wings of a delicate brown, with eye-like spots near the hinder margin ; it abounds in open woods. The azure butterflies, and the class 4 which are coppery-brown species, having a slight tail to the hinder wings, are the smallest of butterflies. The differ- ent species may be collected from May to October. The family of skippers, Hesperians, are rather small, thick- bodied butterflies, having the antennae hooked at the end like a shepherd's crook. The colors are brown and yellow. The caterpillars, which are green, have large heads. Hawk-moths, Sphingida, fly only at dusk, frequenting flowers, into which they insert their long sucking tubes or maxilla. They are very stout bodied, and have thick narrow wings, making them rapid in flight and hard to capture. The larvae are large, green, fleshy caterpillars, having a terminal horn-like appendage. The humming-bird moths are smaller, and have transparent wings. They fly in the sunshine, darting into flowers, or suspending themselves above them like humming-birds, ^fgcriadtc, small, clear-winged insects, with steel-blue bodies, in the larval state are borers. ^-E. polistiformis bores into the root of the grape. The Bombyridce, or spinners, including the silk-producing moths, are known by their large bodies, small sunken heads, and broad wings. The common white miller belongs to this group ; its larva is thick and hairy, and is found very common in gardens. Several of the largest species, true silk-producing moths, of which Samia cecropia is an example, measure six inches from tip to tip when the wings are spread. The larvss are green caterpillars, with scattering tufts of short hairs. Among the owlet moths, or Noctuida, the wings are small and narrow. As the insects are attracted to the light, night is the best time to take them. " The larvae are tapering, and are striped and barred in different ways. The noxious cut-worms are the larvae of the Agrotis moths, some of which may be found in fields in autumn upon flowers ; while others fly only at night, and lie concealed during the day time in chinks of stone walls and like places. The Catocalas have rather broader wings, the hinder ones being beautifully striped with bands of red, yellow, or black. The Geometridce are easily distin- guished by their slender bodies and feathered antenna. The larvae are known as span worms, measuring worms, etc. Many of the species have angulated wings, generally of some shade of yellow, crossed with faint lines of darker 5 shade. They may be taken in the woods in June and July. Delta moths, or Pyralida, so called from the habit of placing the wings in the form of a triangle when at rest, are slender-bodied, having the antenna; always simple. They are found also in woods, resting upon the under side of leaves. The leaf-rollers, 'lortricidir, are found very abundant in summer, upon leaves of trees, low bushes, and herbage. The larvce live in rolled-up leaves. The Tincida, though the smallest moths of the order, are very destructive to vegetation. The wings are narrow and edged with delicate fringe. The clothes-moth and corn-moth are representatives of the family. They are found in a variety of situations ; many rly in the grass, always alighting head downward. These, with AlucitiC, a small family with wings, divided into numerous branches, close the order. The above is reprinted with some few changes from United States Agricultural Report for 1868. The colors of the butterflies are indicated in the drawings : upright lines, red ; horizontal lines, blue ; and dotteil spaces yellow. THE DAY BUTTERFLIES A.ND DUSKFLYERS OR NKW ENOLA.ND. THE BUTTERFLIES, Lepidoplera, are divided into three groups : — DAY-BUTTERFLIES : — which have a knob on the end of their feelers (antenna.-), and shut their wings upperside inwards. Those which open and shut their fore and hindwings together are the true Butterflies . . . . Papilionidce. Those which open lower wings and leave upper wings half shut are Skippers . . ... ... Hespcrid<.e. DUSK-BUTTERFLIES : — (though some fly in day time) which have their feelers (antennas) thickest in the middle, tapering towards each end, and which shut their wings roorlike over their bodies, upperside outward. Those with stout bodies and narrow wings are Hawk or Hummingbird Moths .... . SphingiiLc. Those with small bodies : wings transparent, are Stemborers, Beemoths . l-'£<-riiiJie. wings not transparent . /•}'£>< ni \Vith large swallow-tails . . . ... . . No. I., pages 10, n. Fore and hindwing angled and scalloped ..... . No. II., pages 12, 13, 14. Forewing angled, hindwing rounded ..... . No. III., pages 14, 15. All wings rounded : tawny, foxy red, black band around forewing . . . No. IV., page 16. pearl white spots on underside . . . No. II., page 18. black spotted ....... No. V., page 18. two little tails, under side greenish . . . No. IX., page 24. black ......... No. IV., page 16, No. V., page 18. white or light yellow . . ... No. VI., page 20. dusky dark brown, large . ..... No. VII., pages 21,22. dark brown, small .... No. IX., pages 24, 25, No. VIII., page 23. blue .... . .... No. VIII., page 23. red copper color . . . No. VIII., page 23. Skippers. Hcsperi Papilio phihnor (Lartias philenor). Black, one row of spots in border, hind- wing blue, no orange spot on upper side. The last two are Southern kinds, rarely seen in New England. ii II. Angle=Wings. i. MOURNING-CLOAK. Vanessa (Pafilio) antiopa. T,\ in. Dark purplish brown, border light yellow with a row of black-bordered blue spots. Caterpillar spiny, black, with eight brick-red spots on back ; feeds on willow, poplar, and elm. 2. WHITE J BUTTERFLY. Grapta J Album. 3 in. Pale tawny red, pale border, several large black and one white spot near tip of forewing, and two on forward side of hindwing ; under side blackish gray, with small silver J on hindwing. 3- SEMICOLON BUTTERFLY. Grapta (Potygonia) interrogatione. 2T2 in. Fox red, one large and six smaller black spots on fore- wing, under side reddish brown with silver semicolon. Caterpillar feeds on elm, hop, and nettles. 4. PROGNE. Grapta (Polygonia) progne. 2 in. Fox red, one large and five smaller black spots on forewing and two or three on hindwing, border dark, under side blackish gray with silver L on hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on elm, gooseberry, and currant. 5. GREEN COMMA BUTTERFLY. Grapta (Polygonia') comma. 2 in. Like Progne, but with two more black spots in middle of hindwing, border edge light gray, under side brown with silver comma on hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on willow and black birch. Grapta faitnus. Has larger black spots and is a darker variety, under side gray and black. MOUNTAIN GRAPTA. Grapta gracilis. Is smaller and paler than G. comma. 6. TORTOISE SHELL. Vanessa (Aglais) milberti. Black, with broad orange band on both wings, two white and two orange spots on forewing. Caterpillar feeds on nettles. III. Admirals. i. ADMIRAL. Pyrameis (Cynthia, Kuicssa} atalanta. 3 in. Black, white spots and red band across forewing, black spots in broad red border on hindwing. Caterpillar dark brown with white spines ; feeds on nettles and hop. 2. THISTLE CYNTHIA. Pyramcis (Vanessa) cardui. 2}? in. Tawny red, spotted with black and white on forewing, hindwing black, spotted border, and two red bands with five round black spots ; under side has five eye-spots. Caterpillar feeds on thistles. 3. HUNTER'S CYNTHIA. Pyramcis (Vanessa] hunteri. 2,'j in. Like P. eardiii ; dots on hindwing blot together, two eye-spots on upper and under side. Caterpillar feeds on hollyhock, sun- flower, and thistle. LAVINIA. Junonia larinia. One eye-spot on both sides of forewing, and two eye-spots on upper side of hindwing. IV. Nymphs. i. MONARCH. Danais a n-hipp us (P/extp- pus). 4 in. Tawny orange, with white spotted black border and black veins, under side of hindwing cream yellow. Cat- erpillar black, white and yellow striped; lives on milkweed. 2. VICEROY. N\mphalis (Liiiu-nitis) disippus (Basilarchia archippus}. Like Daihiis iirc/iippus, black band across hind- wing, under side tawny orange. Caterpillar pale brown, white on sides ; lives on willow, poplar, apple, plum, and oak. 16 3. EPHESTION. Limcnitis ursitfa (Basilarclua astyanax}. 3'.; in. Black and blue, three black stripes in border. Caterpillar lives on oak, cherry, and blueberry. 4. ARTHEMIS. Limenitis (Basilarchia) arthemis. Like Ephestion, but has band of red spots on hindwing and broad white band across both wings. Caterpillar feeds on linden, black birch, poplar, hawthorn, and willow. V. Mother=of=Pearls. With pearl white spots on under side of hindwing. i. REGAL MOTHER-OF-PEARL. Argynnis (S/>,-ycria) iifiilia. 3'j in. Tawny orange, lower half of hindwing black with two rows of spots ; the lower row on the male is orange, the female has only one row. Caterpillar black, striped with orange, yellow, and red ; has six rows of bristly spines ; lives on violets and white-topped asters. 2. APHRODITE. Argynnis aphrodite. 3 in. Tawny yellow with black markings. Caterpillar black, has six rows of bristles ; lives on violets. Argvnnis cybele. Like Aphrodite, only paler underneath, with broader white band on hindwing. Caterpillar lives on violets. Argynnistitliintis. 2]^ in. Like .-! border darker. 18 3- MVRINA. Argynnis (Brcnthis} mvrina. 1 3/£ in. Like Aphrodite, with darker border. Caterpillar lives on violets. No pearl white spots on under side. 4. BELLONA. Argynnis (Brcnthis) btllona. 2 in. Like small Aphrodite, but no pearl white spots on under side of hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on violets. 5. PHAETON. Melitica {Euphydryas} phaeton. 2 in. Black, with rows of orange and white spots in border and forewing, outside border tawny red. Melitcea harrisii. Like Phaeton, border black, no white on upper side, under side light tawny. Caterpillar feeds on honeysuckle and aster. 6. Melitica (PJivciodes) tharos. i 'j in. Tawny yellow and black. Caterpillar feeds on aster. Melitica nycteis. Like tharos, but larger and with more black. VI. Whitelings. i. CABBAGE WHITELING. Pieris oleraeea. 2 in. White, underside of hindwing yellowish. Caterpillar green ; feeds on cabbage. From Europe. 2. TURNIP WHITELING. Pieris rapff. 2 in. White, with black spot on tip and middle of forewing, black blotch on edge of hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on turnip. From Europe. 3. AMERICAN WHITKI.INI;. Colias (Eurymus) pkilodice. 2 in. Light yellow, spot on each wing and black border. Caterpillar green ; feeds on clover. VII. Wood Satyrs. i. BLUE- EYED ALOPE. Satyrus (Cercyonis) alope. 2l/2 in. Dark brown, broad yellow band with two eye-spots on forewing. The female has no eye-spots on under side of lower wing. Caterpillar feeds on grasses. 2. NEPHELE. Satyrus ncphek. Like Alope, two eye-spots, but no yellow band on forewing. 3. BOISDUVAL'S BUTTERFLY. Neonympha fanthits (Satyrioiics eurydice). 2 in. Pale yellowish brown, four spots on forewing and six on hind- wing. Caterpillar feeds on grass. 4. WOOD SATYRUS. Neonympha eurythris ( Cissia curytliris ). i ^ in. Dark grayish brown, two eye-spots on forewing and three on hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on grass. 5. MOUNTAIN HIPPARCHIA. Clrioiwbas (Oeneis) semidea. 2 in. Grayish brown, under side marbled, no eye-spots. Caterpillar feeds on sedges. VIII. Blue=wings. i. COPPERWING. Chrysophanus amfiicanus (Heodcs hvpophlizas). ij4 in. Fore- wing reddish gold or copper color, with eight or nine spots and black border; hindwing black with copper band. Caterpillar green ; feeds on sorrel. Chrysophanus thoe. Is like Americanus, but much larger. 2. EPVXANTHE. Chrysophanus epyxanlhc. 1^3 spots, a few orange spots or broken band on hindwiiu Dark brown with black 3. BLUE-WING. Lyccena (Cyaniris) pseudargiolus. \l/% in. Azure satin blue, with white fringes, pearl gray with black spots on under side. The female has a broad blackish border. Caterpillar feeds on spiraaa, dogwood, and Jersey tea. 4. TAILED BLUE-WING. Lyaena (Ereres) comyntas. i1^ in. Violet steel blue, border blackish, one little tail and a few small orange spots on hindwing, female darker. Caterpillar pale green, with three darker stripes, sides reddish, head black ; feeds on bush clover. IX. Theclas. 1. BANDED THECLA. Thccla calanns. Dark brown, no spots, two tails, under side brownish gray, one blue between two red spots on hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on oak, nut, and hawthorn. 2. Hoi- VINE THECI.A. Thccla humultts ( Uranotcs me/inns). Dark brown, blue and red spots on hindwing, two tails, under side light buff yellow with two red spots on hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on hawthorn and hypericum. 3. (.'ORAL THECI.A. Ihccla (Stry»w/D titns. Dark brown, no spots or tails, under side reddish brown, a row of red dots in border of hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on oak, wild cherry, and plum. Thccla (IncisalitD angHstus. Dark brown, tw.) orange spots, no tail, but edge of hindwing scalloped, under side of forewing white, hindwing dark brown with bro.ul white border, no spots. 4. STRIPED THECLA. Thecla strigosa. Dark brown, three eyeless spots and two tails, under side grayish brown, row of red dots on each wing, the last dot but one on hindwing blue. Thecla edwardii. Dark brown, one orange spct and one tail, under side gray, row of orange dots on hindwing, of which last but one is blue, row of black dots on each wing. Thecla acadica. Like Eitwan/ii, but has two tails and is larger size and paler. 'Jhe.la irus. Dark brown, two orange spots and one short tail, hind edge scalloped, under side dark brown with light border, white line across hindwing, no spots. 5. BANDED ELFIN. Thecla (Ineisalici) niphnn. Dark brown, lighter in the middle, rusty, no spots or tails, edge white, fringed and notched, under side gray marked with black, crossing scratched lines, no spots. Caterpillar feeds on pine. 6. Thei'la auburnia (smilacis). Rusty brown with dark border, two tails, under side green with purple and white marks, no spots. 25 X. Skippers. Hesperidce. Dark Brown. i. Eudamus (Epargyreus) tityrus. 2^2 in. With bronzelike shine, three transparent dots on forewing, and small silver spot below> large silver blotch on under side of hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on locust. 2. Eudamus (Thorybcs) pvlades. \1/? in. Row of small white dots across middle of forewing and shorter row near tip, two dark bands on under side of hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on clover. Eudamus batli vllus. i j/> in. One narrow light band across middle of forewing and one small dot near tip, broad light border on hind- win";. 3. '1 hanaos jitrcnitHs. i'_. in. Smoky brown, six or seven white spots near tip, broad light band with eye-spots on under side of hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on bush clover, poplar, and willow. Tlmiiiios /V/>.t///,v. Six white spots, border of black dots, and three black bands across forewing. 'J/ui/iiii's liu'ilus. Five spots, dark border with light dots and two black bands. 26 4. Thanaos brizo. il/> in. Almost black, gray bands, two rows of dots on wings. Caterpillar feeds on oak. TJianaos icclus. Row of black dots on border of forewing and hindwing. Thanaos martialis. Three irregular dark streaks and one row of dots on forewing, two rows of dots on hindwing, two rows of dots on under side of each wing. Amblycirtes riafis. Two small dots near tip, otherwise plain. Caterpillar feeds on grasses. Pamphila hiana. One light spot near tip, black streak across middle. Pamphila massasoit. Plain, except one small spot in middle of hindwing. Pamphila nianataaqua. Dark and light streak in middle of forewing and double dot in middle of hindwins;. 5. Pamphila (Eiiphyes) metacomet. Dark line on forewing and dark border, light blotch on hindwing, dusky blotch on each wing on under side. Caterpillar feeds on grasses. dl Orange and Dark Brown. 6. Pamphila (Atrytone) zabulon. \% in. Orange with black band around hindwing, spot on outside of band, few small streaks on tip of forewing. Caterpillar feeds on grasses. 7. Pamphila (Anthomastcs) leonardus. ij4 in. Orange, daik banded, dot on upper side of hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on grasses. Pamphila mvstic (Ahaton taumas). i in. Like leonardus, but smaller. 8. Pamphila sassacus. i% in. Under side orange with dark border and streak ; hindwing has broken border. Ancvloxiplia numitor. Orange with dark border on each wing. Cater- pillar feeds on bush clover. 9. Pamphila (Polites) peckiits. i in. Under side forewing brown with few streaks, hindwing orange with two dark bands. Pamphila {OcvtfS) tiicfea. Dark brown, orange hook and two dots on middle of forewing, horseshoe-like mark on hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on grasses. 10. Pamphila cernes. \l/± in. Under side forewing dark brown with orange streaks and three dots; hindwing pale. Pawphila himticitla. Two spots on forewing, hindwing dark brown, under sick' light buff. 28 KEY TO DUSKFLYERS (though some fly in day time, Feeler (antenna.-) thickest in the middle, tapering towards each end. often hooked. Body very stout : Sphingidce ,##^7? edge of forewing scalloped . . . Nos. i to 7. edge of forewing curved like an S . . Nos. 8 to 14. ^^V/ edge of forewing rounded . . Nos. 15 to 22. Body small : some or all wings transparent . jEgeriada wings not transparent . . Zygu-iii.i,,- Hawk or Hummingbird Moths. Spliingidcc. 1. Sinerinf/ius ^cmiitiitiis. 2% in. Forewing grayish buff shaded with brown and dark markings, hindwing pink, blue eye-spot crossed by a back line. 2. Paonias exciccatits. 2}'z in. Forewings light buff with darker shades and brownish mark, hindwing pink. Caterpillar feeds on apple and rose. 3. Paoniits inyops. 2'.. in. Forewing dark ash gray marked with black and brown, hindwing pink. 4. Amplnoii ncssits. i5s in. Forewing gray and with reddish brown and black marks, hindwing pink. 3° 5- Thyrens abbotii. 2^ in. Forewing dull brown, hindwing dull yellow, and some black lines. Caterpillar feeds on grapevines. 6. Thyris maculata. }/?. in. Buff and dark brown, one white spot on each wing. Thyris lugubris. J^ 'n- Black with several white spots. 7. Triptogon modesta. 4}^ in. Forewing light buff shaded brown, hindwing rust red. Caterpillar feeds on Lombardy poplar. 8. Philampehts achemon. 3^ in. Forewing reddish ash gray with dark brown marks and one square spot, hindwing pink. Cater- pillar feeds on grapevines. g. PhUampclns pandorus. 4 in. Forewing buff and light olive with brown patches. Caterpillar feeds on grapevine. PhUampclns Titis. 3 in. Olive green, pale on hindwing and pink near body. 10. Darapsa efiterilus. z1^ in. Forewing buff with brown marks, hindwing "ellow rust color, whitish near body. ii. Darapsa myivn. 2 in. Forewing greenish gray with olive shades, hindwing rust red. Caterpillar feeds on grapevines. Darapsa versicolor. 2^ in. Forewing grayish marked with red brown. 12. Dcilephila cliamtcnerii. 2^ in. Forewing ochre yellow and dark brown, hindwing black with pink band and a white spot. Caterpillar feeds on epilobium. Deilcphila lineata. 2^ in. Shape and color like the last, six broad white on lines chest part and on forewing veins. Caterpillar feeds on turnip. 13. Cressonia juglandis. 2 in. Light buff, shaded brown. Caterpillar feeds on wild cherry. 14. ChUvrocampa tersa. 2 '2 in. Forewing buff, shaded with brown lines, hind- wing dark brown with a row of white triangular spots. 33 iM Sphinx chersis. 4 in. Li;;ht gray marked with white and black. Caterpillar feeds on lilac. (/') Sphinx ilnipifcrtiriim. 4 in. Daik brown, first hand on hindwin^ \vhiti-. Caterpillar feeds on plum trees. {, i Sphinx ktilni'ur. 4 in. Rusty buff and brown. Caterpillar feeds on laurel. (ii) Sphinx gon/ius. 3 in. Dark gray marked dark brown. Cutei pillar feeds on apple trees. 34 1 6. Macrosila cclcus (qiiuitjuf miculatns}. 5 in. Forewing gray, variegated with black and white, five orange spots on each side of body, and three black bands on hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on tomato and potato. 35 17. Miicrosilii Carolina. 5 in. Like last in color, irregular marks on hindwing. Caterpillar feeds on tobacco and tomato. 18. Ceratomia qitaJriivruis. 4 in. Light rusty gray shaded with dark brown, and white .spot in middle of forewing, a row of black and white spots on hind- wing. Feeds on elm. 19. Diirfintiiii iiniliilitsa. 4 in. Korewing light ash gray with dark brown marks, hindwing brown. 20. Dolba hylasus. 1% in. Forewing light ash, marked with dark red brown hindwing light brownish. 21. Elhma harrisii. brownish gray. 2 in. Ash gray with darker marks, hindwing light 22. Hemaris (Sesid) thvsbc. 2% in. Wing partly transparent, partly maroon red, chest part olive green, legs light colored. Hemaris diffinis. 2% in. Like H. thysbc, except chest part light yellowish, and legs black. Hemaris gradUs. ijX in. Like thysbc. 37 Stemborers, Glasswings. 23. Afclittia ciiiitiliitif ((•<•/('). i in. Forewings black, hindwing transparent, edge beset with long fringe ; head, end of body, and hindlegs orange spotted black. \Yorm lives in stem of cucumber, squash, and melon. 34. PEACH TREE BORER. .-Egcria exitiosa. \ in. In the male both wings are trans- parent, point of forewing yellowish ; in female forewings dusky, body steel blue. Worm lives under bark of peach trees. 25. CURRANT BORER. .-E^eria tipii. '_• in. Wings transparent, body purple, black above', yellow beneath. Collar, edge of chest part, tail, two small and one large ring on middle of body, yellow. .Mores in peach trees. Asn TKKK 1! IKI.U. 7 '/;>,•// ilium ilciiii.latiun. i'j in. Foi'i/wini; brown and rust red and transparent, spot near tip, body brown and yellow, hindwing transparent. Larva bores in stems of ash trees. 38 ZygcenidcB. 27. Alvpia octomaculata. \}k in. Black with two white spots on each wing, or on male one white spot on hindwing and two on forewing. 28. Psychomorpha epimcnis. i in. Black, one white patch on forewing and one gold yellow spot on hindwing. 29. Endryas itnio. yellow marks. in. White, with dark brown marks, and on border of wing ochre Endryas grata, i^ in. White, with similar marks, but faint in color and blotched. 39 30. Scepsis fiih'ifollis. i^in. Blackish, bright orange collar. 31. Ctcnucha virginica. \y^ in. Indigo blue with yellow head. 32. Fyromorpha t1imiili