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-4- v-- '

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^Denmark's Rovebeetles

or

The Danish Senera And Species Of

BKBTLE FAMILY STAPHYLINIDAB

Published Under The Garlsberg Fund

Translated by Annette Henriksen

Copenhagen
fiianco Luno's Printing House
1914

4 9

Translator's Explanatory Notes.

The translation of this work was not started at the beginning, as
it was not at first decided that the entire book should be translated.
And unfortunately I did not thoroughly look into the Introduction in
front of the book. This is responsible for some errors occurring in
the translation of the second group Tachyporini , which was done first,
also in the third group Staphylinini , which came next, from there to
the end of the book no such errors occur, and the first group Aleocha-
rini, which came last is doubtless the best translation, as the struc-
ture of the insects, and the most generally applied technical terms
became more familiar to me, as the work progressed. .

The author has used strichtly Danish terms throughout the entire
work, and I naturally followed his form of expression as much as pos-
sible, however endeavoring to find the best English terms; therefore
when he speaks of .the fore- middle- and hind-breast, I naturally trans-
lated it as presternum etc., the Introduction however shows that it
should have been - prothorax- etc., when referrin'? to the breast, the
term breastbone is applied: fore-breastbone etc. - For the literal
term "forebody" T have formerly used; thorax, but was lately told that
in coleoptera the terra forebody is more explicit, so I have used this
term in the latter part of the work.

-2-

As the author has cjalled all segments Joints, I did likewise, fear-
ing to make a .wrong distinction, had I however consulted the Introduc-
tion I would not have heen in douht where to apply the terms segment,
tergite and sternite.

'A'ith thSLhks to all for kind assistance rendered.

Annette Henriksen

FOREWORD

The following work is sin attempt to give a systematically arranged
presentation and sufficiently detailed description of the IfeLnish genera and
species of the beetle family Staphylinidae, our so-called Rove-Beetles.
This work is designed to serve as a manual whereby accurately, and as easy
as the subject permits, to determine all the rove-beetles to group, genus
and species, which heretofore are found or reasonably may be expected to
be found within the scope of our fauna. Inasmuch as collections from vari-
ous parts of the country, especially during the last 50 years, have provi-
ded very good material with survey of the extensiveness of the family, and
the numerousness of species in this country, and since records, from vari-
ous hands, of species found, until very recent years, describing habitat,
mode of living etc. are now available (see Literature p. 655), it has been
nade possible to prepare such a work. It should seemingly also be well re-
ceived, as no former extensive work dealing with Denmark's rove-beetles is
found in our faunistic literature. Vith the exception of a few shorter trea-
ties and scattered articles in periodicals (see li-fcerature index), ,je have
heretofore in treating of our Ptaphylinidae fauna by necessity exclusively
resorted to the works dealing with Middle and North f^ropean Staphylinids,
which are available in German, French, Swedish and English, among the au-
thors which especially must be mentioned are Srichson, Kraatz, r^anglbauer,

(i)

(ii)
Mulsant et Rey, Thomson, and Fowler (see index of literature). Notwithstan-
ding the excellence of these eminent entomologist's works, the need of a
suitable handbook in Danish, limited to the country's fauna v/as however felt.
Such a book should serve both as inspiration and information, inspiration
for many a younger entomologist, which heretofore has neglected the many
small and rather difficult Staphylinidae species, inf omation for all. -
This work should if possible meet this need.

As foundation for the work, and especially for descriptions of species,
i have in my own collection of Staphylinids liad rather complete and also
rather plentious material. ATiere this however was not sufficient, the vdl-
lingly rendered loans from Zool. Museum's III. Division, Copenhagen, and
all private Danish collections of any importance have supplied the wanting
material. Tn all details have I therefore been enabled to examine, describe
or compare with descriptions by others, and render information according
to personal identification. Only in regard to the species, which are not
yet found here, but however included as found mostly either in Skaane or
the nearest part of North Germany, and which probably also have habitat
here, the description is according to others. This refers to at most i\0-
50 species.

In regard to the systematical arrangement of the material, I have, in
the group division principally followed Erichson ( Genera et Species Staphy-
liooTym- I839); and Kraatz (Naturgesch. d. Insect. Deutschl. II, .^taphylinii
1858), for the rest namely Ganglbauer (Die Kafer v. Mitteleuropa II, Staphy-
linidae. 1895) and Mulsant et Rey (Hist. nat. Col. '-'ranee. Erevipennes.

(iii)
1873-1383). In generic and specific descriptions, I have, partly in agree-
ment with Thomson (Skandinaviens QoleopAera. 1859-1863), sought to reach
a sound basis for determinations by indicating all comparatively easily
seen characters and external marks. Detailed descriptions of finer and
concealed mouth-parts are as far as possible avoided, and only in difficult
cases e.g. the shape of the tongue is used as conclusive character in the
generic key. Generic and specific names are, with a few exceptions, in a-
greement with Catalogus Coleopt. "urop. Ed. IV. Edm. Reitter. 1891. Some
of our earlier applied names in the classification are thereby shifted over
to the series of synonyms. Of synonyms the most important generic and spe-
cific names are listed.

Data concerning the natural range, occurrance, and other biological
circumstances etc. of the species, I have presented partly from personal
notes, partly according to reports or from findings in other collections,
and in entomological papers. As far as possible all sources of informa-
tion of any importance are listed in their proper places.- Inasmuch as
rove-beetles can be found and collected nearly all the year round, I have
ordinarily only denoted localities for especially rare species, in as far
as these have been known to me.

The list of authors and their entomological works here cited, which is
found last in the book, will sufficiently explain abbreviations used for
names of authors, and writings cited. - The accentuation in the generic
and specific index is partly according to information most cordially ex-

(iv)
tended ty Hr. Advocate Joh. Andersen, Haderslev, and partly according to
CI. Grill: Catalogue Coleopt. Scandinaviae, Daniae et Fenniae. I896.

The illustrations are drawn by Hr. Mag, scient. Kai Henriksen. It is
my hope that these figures, 200 altogether, and with only a few exceptions
all original, will add considerably to the helpfulness of this book, and I
here take occasion to express my sincere thankfulness to the management of
the Carlsberg Foundation for so readily aiding financially for the execu-
tion of the dravdngs, also my grateful appreciation to Mag. Kai Henriksen
for his efficient work. I am furthermore deeply grateful to the management
of Carlsberg Foundation for ample assistence in the publication of the en-
tire work, and D'hrr. Museum's Director Mag, scient. dll. Lundbeck, Dr.
Adam Boving and Dr. Wesenberg-Lund for recommending the work to the Carls-
berg Foundation for support. And finally it is my pleasant duty to express my
gratitude to all those, who., in other ways have assisted in the completi-
on of the work; to Hr. Museum's Director Mag, scent, '.'/ill. Lundbeck, who
very generously has made available to me the full use of the museum's Sta-
phylinidae collection, and aided me by extensive loans of entom. literature;
to Dr. Adam Bjzfving and Dr. Th. Mortensen, for their kindly and ef~f ective
incouragement , without which the work would scarcely have been completed}
to D'hrr. Tngineer Chr. Engelhart, Hellerup, Costuiiihouse Assistant 0. IIol-
stebroe. I.e., Dr. I. C. Nielsen, Copenhagen, Director 0. Jakobsen, Cand.
W. Schlick, Cand. Vict. Hansen, Printer E. Rosenberg, Costurashouse Asst. 0.
Schaliz, and Machine-draftsman B, G. Rye, I.e., Attorney A, '.Vest, Holte,
Teacher I. P. Kryger, Gentofte, Chamberlain Fabritius- Tengnagel, Soroi

(v)
Pastor I, Moller, '7. Ulslev, Lolland, School-Superintendent N. P. J^rgensen,
Odense, Teacher L, Andersen, Haderslev, Advocate Joh. Andersen, and Cand H.
Andersen, I.e., Bookbinder S. Jurgensen, Kolding, Teacher Esben Petersen,
and Teacher Jensen-Haarup, Silkehorg, also Lighthouse-keeper E. //ielandt,
Skagen, formerly Haraneren, Bornholm, who all, chiefly by lending of their
Staphylinidae collections, and by reporting their findings and observations,
but also in other respects have manifested interest in my work, and contrib-
uted to its completion. - Cand H, Andersen's assistance in the proof reading
of a great deal of the work, has been of great value.

In the hope, that the following work, as it now appears, may - though
wanting - serve to further the knowledge of our largest beetle family, I
here present it to use for all who desire to become more closely acquainted
with Denmark's Rove-Beetles.

Hillerod, Sofiero. May 191^^.

Joh. P. Johansen.

(Page 1)
- Introduction -

Family STAPHYLINIDAE.

(jAicroptera iravh. Coleopt. Micropt. Brunsvic. 1602, VII. - Staphylini
Erichs. ien. et Spec. Staph. 1839. - Staphylinii Kraatz Ins. Deutshel. II.
1856. - Staphylinidae and fwicropeplldae Thorns. Skand. Coleopt. I, 1859, ?.2;
II. 1860, 136; III. 1861 and IV, 1863, 195. - Brevipennls Uuls. et Rey Hist.
Nat. Coleopt. de France 1873-1883. - Staphylinidae Janglb. Kaf. Mitteleurop.
II, 1895.)

Staphylinids or "Rove-beetles" (family Staphylinidae, true Staphylinids)
are among the beetles, by strongly abbreviated elytra etc., most closely
related to the Pselaphids (Fam. Pselaphidae and Clavigerldae) . Together
with these and the small family Platypsyliidae , which is not included in
our fauna, but in Middle Europe at the Elb is still represented by the
■beaver louse", Platypsyllus castoris Ritz. , comprise the family group
STAPHYLINIDA (Staphylinids in broader sense). The closest relatives of
this group again are Scydmaenids (Fam. Scydmaenidaej , Silphids (Families
Sllphidae and Anisotomidae) , Ptiliids (Fam. Ptiliidae and Sphaeriidae)
and Histerids (Fam. Histeridae) . In connection with these and a few other
smaller families (Leptinldae, Glambidae, Scaphidiidae) the family Staphy-
linidae belongs to the family series STAPffi LINO IDEA (Staphylinids in broad-
est sense), of which the collective mutual characters especially notable
are, that the veins in the wings are not connected by transverse veins,
but are free running out into the margin of the wings (Fig. 7), and that
the elytra most often are more or less abbreviated. Also through the body

(Page 1)
structure of the larvae the relationship among these families is confirm-
ed.

Family STAPHYLINIDAE, the true Staphyllnids, are characterized by the
structure and peculiarities of the elytra, abdomen, antennae and tarsi:

The elytra are more or less strongly abbreviated, most often covering
only the first two dorsal joints of abdomen, rarely the greater part of
abdomen. The wings can be folded 2-3 times together and laid beneath the
elytra.

The abdomen consists of 9-10 dorsal Joints (tergites) and 6-7 devel-
oped ventral Joints (sternites). The joints are, with exception of the
first two covered dorsal joints chitinized (covered over with a horny

shell), (Page ?,)

but individually free, only connected by a thin membrane; abdomen there-
fore very flexible.

The antennae are as a rule 11-Jointed, rarely 10- or 9-jointed, most
often more or less thickened distally, rarely club-formed offset.

The tarsi are 5-4-3- or exceptionally 2-jolnted.
Though the abbreviated form of the elytra is most conspicuous and there-
fore mainly distinguishes the appearance of the Staphyllnids, they are
however less characterized by this than by the very flexible abdomen.
As said there are other beetle families in which the elytra likewise are
abbreviated (Fselaphidae. Histeridae et al.) even though less pronounced,
also there Is found even among the actual Staphyllnids several genera
(Lathrimaeum. Anthobium, Protelnns) . where the elytra covers more than two

(Paja 2)
dorsal joints of abdomen, occasionally even almost the entire abdomen.
But no other beetles are found which In regard to flexibility of abdomen
can compare with Staphyllnlds. In this they occupy a unique position.
It follows that the abdomen is most flexible in the species with short-
est elytra, where it unhindred can bend upward and downward, forward and
to the sides, but also In that of the species with longer elytra there
is considerable flexibility, even though somewhat limited by the shape
and length of the elytra. Only in genus Micropeplus is the abdomen, on
account of the more compact Joints, rather Inflexible.

The majority of Staphyllnlds are agile, lively animals. Ordinarily
their body (corpus) , is elongate and slender, more often flatly rounded
than cylindrical, seldom strongly convex. This enables them to nimbly flit
about beneath the plant cover seeking prey or hiding on all uneven ground.
More rarely is the body short and broad (as in Megarthrus et al.) It is
most often entirely or at least partly finely haired, very rarely entire-
ly naked (or bald), and the hair vestlture is seemingly more densely de-
veloped in the species which live on very wet or muddy ground or at manu-
re; the abdominal tip and sides of the body are very often furthermore
provided with longer bristles and stiff hairs, , which probably are for pro-
tection of the body against filth, and also serve as tactile bristles.
About the principal parte of thu body: the head (with eyes, antennae, mouth-
parts etc.), the thorax (with wings, elytra and legs) and the abdomen, it
is necessary in order to understand the description of genera and species
to set forth the following (see Fig. 1 and 2) j

-3-

(Page 2)
A. The head (caput. ) is more often porrect than bent downward, of;,
form most often rounded or rounded-off-transverse (broader than long);
rarely beak- or snout-like tapering (Myllaena, Lrymnusa at al.). posteri-
orly often more or less neck-shaped constricted (Fala;;ria. Staphylinus.
Omalium and many others) otherwise without constriction imbedded in the
pronotum. Of its individual parts the eyes, antennae and mouth-parts ecB.
are especially observed.

(Page 3)

a. The eyes are "compound eyes" and ordinarily are not strongly pro-
truding i in several genera they are however strongly protruding (Gyrophae-
na. Stenus et al.). The eyes vary greatly in size; some are small or very
small (as in Homalota species 6f subg. leostiba. Amlscha et al.), others
80 large that they fill the entire sides of the head (^uedl_as, Stenus) .
Ordinarily the size lies between the extreme points, and are then called
normal. In the group Omaliinl and genus Phloebium besides the ordinary
compound eyes on each side of the head, very small point-eyes occur (ocelli,
2-1) on the vertex.

b. The feelers (antennae) are either filiform or monlliform, i. e.
all over of same thickness and most often rather slender, or they are -
and most frequent - more or less smoothly thickened distally, oocaBionally
somewhat club-formed; as a rule they are straight, rarely after a long
first Joint (the scape) geniculate (Cryptobium. Bledius et al.).

As a rule they consist of 11 joints, only exceptlonataly of 10 (Oli^ota
and Hypocyptua) or 9 (Micropeplue). In Micropeplus, which in several re-

(Page 3)
spects deviates from the other Staphyllnidae genera, the last three joints
of the antennae are connate forming a sharply setoff, comparatively large
distal joint, whereby the antennae become club-formed. Of the individual
joints the first is most often the longest, also the second and third as
a rule somewhat elongate, sometimes the second longer than the third, some-
times the reverse, a condition, which not infrequently is of some impor-
tance as specific character. The fourth joint is most often smaller than the
preceding, . and the following outer joints (5-10) in most species increase
somewhat in thickness dlstally, as they simultaneously become gradually short-
er; distal joint is of varying length. The antennae most often reaches on-
ly a little out over the posterior margin of pronotum, most often about :ts
long as head and pronotum together, sometimes shorter. They are inserted

either back of the base of mandibles or inside this beneath side or fore-

(Page 4)

margin of the forehead, or at inner margin of the eye or on forehead be-
tween the eyes - conditions, which become significant as devision charac-
ters between certain groups.

c. The mouth-parts, which serve as equipment for eating and feeling,
afford particularly important, even though very small, and only by special
preparation and magnification distinct generic characters. They consist of
upper lip, cheek-bones, jaws with jaw-feelers, and lower lip with the chin,
lip-feelers and tongue:

The upper lip (labrum) , which covers the mouth above, and which posteri-
orly Is connected with the mouth-shield (clypeus) , is horny- or parchment-
like, often entire, but not infrequently divided or cleft at middle-line

(Page 4)
(Phllonthus et al.) or incurved, or toothed in fore-margin (Stilicus,
Euaesthetus et al.). - Cheek-bones (mandibulae/ are as a rule robust,
more or less protruding, most often sickle-shaped, and folded crosswise
when mouth is closed, on inner side often armed with robust teeth, -
The jaws (maxillae) (Fi^. 2) are of a more or less horny substance; their
inner lobe, mastication-lobe (lobus interior) is on inner side haired or
finely toothed, the outer, palpal lobe (lobus exterior) at tip densely
haired. The jaw-feelers or jaw-palpi (palpus maxillares) consists of
4 joints, of which the first usually is short, the second and third lon-
ger, most often thickened toward tip; the fourth, distal joint, as a rule
is somewhat thinner than the next-last, in many genera especially small
and spiculiform or subuliform. In the genus Aleochara the extreme tip of
the fourth Joint is setoff, so that it forms a very small fifth joint,
a uniqut character, which is useful in the ^jeneric key. - on the lower
lip (labium) (Fig. 3), which closes the mouth beneath, the chin (mentum)
is most often broadly trapeziform with straight or incurved, more rarely
deeply divided fore-margin (as in Autalia Fig. 90), occasionally with den-
tiform corner-lobes (Myllaena; or with a tooth in middle (Stenus). That
part of the lower lip which bears the palpi and tongue is as a rule rather
short, only in Stenus of unusual length, but is here drawn back into a
sheath, of and with which it by pressure or perhaps also voluntarily can

be thrust far forward (see u. Stenus) . The tongue (ligula^ , with which

-- — (Paige 5)

the bitongues (paraglossae) are connate, is in connection whith this of

very different shape, and thereby together with other mouth-parts, in dif-

-6-

(Page 5)
flcult cases affords an Important determination character between closely
allied genera. - The lip-feelers or lip-palpi (palpi labiales) are attached
to a solid foundation, palplger, and are as a rule 3- jointed, exceptionately
2- or (as in Aleochara) 4-jointed. Their distal joint can sometimes assume
singular shapes, it can be feebly hatchet- shaped (as in Staphylinus, subgenus
Ocypus) or semilunar (as in Oxyporus).

On ventral side of the head in many Staphylinids is found a more or
less distinct carina (Fig. k) which begins at posterior margin of the head,
runs over sides of head (temples and genae) and most often reaches to the
mouth- corners, where, in the sharp outer margin of this it vanishes, ■"here
this carina is entire, the temples and genae are called margined; but oc-
casionally it is upwardly evanescent and only visible posteriorly; temples
and genae are then called incompletely margined. These conditions are often
of characteristic significance in regard to the Aleocharini species.

B. The breast-part (thorax) is the intermediate of the principal parts
of the body. Its three rings: pro-, mesa- sind metathorax bear the organs
of locomotion: wings and legs. 'Vith its anterior ring it is attached to
the head, with the posterior one to the abdomen. Concerning its individual
parts the following is to be noted:

a. The fore-breast (prothorax), in which the foremost pair of legs is
seated, is covered by the upper back (pro no turn) or the breast shield (often
called'thorax") , the differing form ajid impressions of which often render
good specific characters. Anteriorly its fore-ntargin occupies and covers
more or less the posterior part of the head or neck, and is therefore often

-7-

(Page 5)
called, though less fortunately, "neck-shield". The posterior margin of
pronotum joins or overlaps the base of mesothorax. In several Staphylinids
the pronotum is without side-carina (as in Stenus ) . otherwise its dorsum
is as a rule separated by a sharp side-carina from the more or less strong-
ly deflexed or inflexed side margins ( epipleurae ) , (see Fig. 5)» - On ven-
tral side of prothrorax the fore-margin of the forebreast-bone (presternum)
is united to ventral side of the head, while its posterior part covers the
thorax between the fore-coxae. The fore-margin is occasionally (as in
Tantholinus ) developed into a moveable plate (gullet-shield) which covers
the easophagus. Back of the fore-coxae the prothorax in most of the Staphy-
linidae_ groups is horn-like (chitinized) and thereby well protected, but in
the first three large groups : Aleocharini, Tachyporini and Staphylinini
this part of ventral side of the prothorax is only clothed with a thin
cuticle. As a protection for this the fore-coxae in these groups are bent

somewhat distad, (Page 6) so that they in connection

with the femora of the fore legs cover this soft paxt. By lifting the fors-
coxae up and bend them foreward, or remove them entirely the spiracula of
prothorax in the species of said groups are seen, one on each side (stigma
prothoracicum). bounded by a dark chitinized riag. The prothoracic side-
plates : episternum and epimera are in the ssune groups not developed, smd
only in few genera (.^edius. Philonthus at al.) a margin of the epimeron,
a small triangular plate of horny substance (operculum) appears from under
the pronotal epipleuron {Fig. 6^ and can sometimes partly cover the other-

-8-

(Page 6)
wise exposed spiracle. In other groups than the first three, partly un-
chitinized prothorax with visible spiracula occur only as exceptions (cf .
Cryptobium. Platystethus ) . In Micropeplus the prosternum is anteriorly
on each side separated from the pronotal epipleura by a deep groove, which
as antenrial groove serves for the receiving and protection of the antennae,
when these are bent in under the head.

b. The medial breast (mesothorax) (se Fig. 1 and Pig. 5) is connate,
without notable separation, with the back breast. Above it appears in the
dorsal plate or dorsal shield (scutellum). which in most of the Staphylinids
is visible as a small triangular or rounded plate between or before (Bledius)
the base of elytra; it is nore rarely concealed (Stenus). On the foremost
dorsal part of the mesothorax the cover-wings (coleoptera^ , or wins covers
(elytra) as they often are termed, are fastened. They are as a rule very
strongly abbreviated and so short that they most often only cover the first
two abdominal joints or base of the third also; in several instances, where
flying wings are wanting (as in Astilbus canaliculatus , Homalota circellaris
et al.) they only reach slightly out over the first dorsal joint. In some
genera hov/ever the elytra reaches out over 3-5 of the abdominal joints, and

(Page 7)
in the o g of Anthobium they can be of length with abdomen. In Yantholinus
the suture of one elytron grips the other, which is considered as an indi-
cation of this genus belonging to the most ancient forms of Staphylinidp on
earth; in Thinobius they gape at tip or are closely joined together in a

-9-

(Page 7)
straight seam (sutura) and together form a good cover for the wings. Their
side margin which is tent inward toward the breast, side-cover (epipleura)
is in several Staphylinids (e.g. Tachyporines) separated by a sharp carina
from the dorsal plane, in others (Oxytelines and Omalines) defined by an
impressed line; in the majority the dorsum is not especially bounded from
the side cover (as in Aleocharini. Staphylinini, Stenini at al.; Dinarda
is among the Aleocharines an exception). - On ventral side of mesothorax
the medial breastbone (mesosternum) is noted, its middle paxt tapering runs
in between the middle coxae. This tip varies from being short and rectangular
to longer, more tenuis. In many species the mesothorax is finely carinated
in medial line, otherwise as a rule smooth. These varying features are in
several cases significant as specific characters. Of the raesothoracic side
parts: episternura and epimera, the latter is especially always distihct.

c. The hind breast (metathorax) (see Pig 1 and 5) is the hindmost ring
of the breast. It bears on dorsal side the second pair of wings, flying
wings (alae), which are membranous and show only longitudinal veins (venae)
or longitudinal ribs, of which the flexible joint lies closer to the base
than to the middle (Fig. 7); the Staphylinids thereby agreeing with the
rest of the families of the family series Staphylinoidea (see preceding).
With the help of the flexible abdomen the wings are folded three or two
times together and thus laid entirely in under the elytra. Only a small
number of Staphylinids are wingless. ATiere this is the case, the elytra
become unusually short and most often also somewhat sunken (Astilbus et al.).
- On ventral side of metathorax the space between middle aiid hind coxae is

-10-

(Page 7)
covered by the hind breastbone (metasternura) , also the greater part of rae-
tathorax; its more or less robust development is in proportion to the fly-
ing capacity. Of the side parts, which most often are narrov/, often partly
concealed under the lateral margins of elytra, the loins (epimera) are oc-
casionally visible above the elytral hind corners (Aleochara). The meso-
and metasternum provide seat for the two hindmost pairs of legs.

d. The legs (pedes) (see Fig. 5) afford in many respects important
characters as means for the division of Staphylinids ; the coxae and tarsi
are especially of importance. -(Page 8)— The hips (coxae) , which, with some
exceptions in regard to the middle- and hind-coxae, most often are placed
close together, vary in size and form by groups, sometimes tap-shaped or con-
ical and strongly protruding as the fore-coxae in Staphylini et al., or broad
as the hind coxae in Oxytelini, or small as in Stenini. The hip-ring (tro-
chanter ) is called supporting, when it is rather large and lies downward on
upper part of the femur (as in Aleochara, Tachinus , Omalines et al.). -
The thigh (femur) can be more or less thickened, only rarely is it on inner
side dentiform dilated (front femur of o in Lathrobium) ; as a rule it is un-
armed. The shins (tibiae) differ in development. In digging forms (Bledius,
Phytosus et al.) the foremost tibiae are robust, armed in margin with thorns*);
sometimes they are more strongly broadened than ordinarily toward the tip.
In agile species the tibiae are most often fine, haired or feebly spiniferous.
- The tarsi consists^ in a great number of Staphylinids of 5 joints, but k of-
ten occur, occasionally only 3, and very extraordinarily (Thincbius) only 2
Joints. Also in the same species the number of tarsal Joints varies, inasmuch

-11-
♦)spines - translator.

(Page 8)
as the fore-tarsi can be 4- jointed and the others 5- jointed, or only the
hind tarsi 5- jointed, while the others are 4- jointed. These varying conditions
are especially significant in division of the group Oleocharini. The indi-
vidual joints of the tarsi are most often round, however sometimes broad
and flat, the latter partly depends on the mode of living and sex of the
species (cf. Hygronoma, many Stenus species, fore-tarsi in the d^ of Fhi-
lonthus et al.) As a rule the joints interchangeably differ in length, which
not infrequently, espicially in regard to the hind tarsi, is taken into con-
sideration in the key to genera and species.

C. The hind body (abdomen) (see Pig. 1 and Fig. 5), which adjoins the
metathorax, consists of many joints (se'jments) with a dorsal part, dorsal
joints (dorsal segments, tergites) and a ventral part, ventral joints (ven-
tral segments, sternites). The joints are mutually connected by a membrane
which affords the great flexibility of abdomen (see preceding). The joints
are chitinized i.e. covered by a horny shell, which however is not devel-
oped on the entire first dorsal joint and base of the second, where abdomen
is protected by the elytra. Also in the species with long elytra the shell
on the covered joints is more pergamenous than horny and less hard. The
number of abdominal segments should, in a^eement with the ur-type of in-
sects (cf, t, Rftd. Lepiema saccharir.q. L., silverfish) be 10; but as some
segments as well dorsal as ventral are either connate with the metathorax,
or otherwise reduced, so that the number of true or distinct Segments are
differently understood, h'richson first counted 8 segments, later 9; Thom-
son and SchiiSdte count only 7 true segments; Kraatz declares, that 9 seg-

-12-

(Page 8)
ments are found, but in consideration of all practical dicision only 8 fig-
ure in his description. Later investigations (Verhoeff : Deutsche Entom.
Zeitschr. 1893. ^35) have proved, that abdomen (typically) consists of 10
dorsal segments eind 8 developed ventral ser^ments. To this however must be
remarked, that the segments are not always equally distinctly developed.

(Page 9)
In the largest species (Staphylinus, Lathrobium, Paederus et al. ), when
the elytra are removed and the abdominal tip is not drawn in, all 10 seg-
ments can most often without difficulty be counted, but in most of the
smaller species, especially in all Aleocharines, practically only 9 can be
considered, as the true ninth segment is rudimentary. In all Staphylinids
the first dorsal segment of abdomen is entirely concealed and solidly con-
nate with the metathorax, of which the last ring is revealed as a triangu-
lar plate (postscutellum) , which dorsally divides the segment into two side-
halves, each provided with an unusually large spiracle (see Fig.l^ . Also the
second dorsal segment of abdomen is partly or entirely concealed beneath
the elytra, so that the first free uncovered segment is the third. This seg-
ment will therefore in the following description be mentioned as the first
free dorsal segment and the following counted as the second, third, fourth
etc. free Segments. The true seventh dorsal segment -a=thG fifth free, is of-
special significance for the correct count of the dorsal segments, in that
its posterior margin in most of the species, particularly among Aleocharines,
is provided with a narrow, very fine, white suture, which is easily seen,

-13-

(Page 9)
and therefore establishes this fifth free dorsal segment as a fixed starting
point for the counting. This cuticle-suture is presumably of some use for
the animal in spreading and folding of the wings. The eight dorsal segment
=the sixth free, is in the ^of many species distinguished by special sex-
characters. The true ninth segment is ordinarily reduced to small, narrow,
often styliforra side-parts, which are distinct in most of the larger speci-
es (Staphylinus. Philonthus, ^^uedius et al.), but most often indistinct in
the smaller. This segment very rarely occur broader or more fully developed
(see Lathrobium, when abdominal tip is not drawn in) or even entire (as in
the 6 of Xantholinus ) . The tenth dorsal segment forms the apex of abdomen.
Together with the reduced ninth segment the tenth segment in dead or not well
prepared specimens of Staphylinids easily shrink, so that both often become
indistinct. - Of the original ventral segments of abdomen, the first, i.e.
that, which as ventral segment v.'ould oorrespond vith the first dorsal seg-
ment, has entirely vanished, absorbed in the metathorax. Also the second
ventral segment is, in most of the Staphylinidae groups concealed, only
visible in some of the Oxytelines; the ninth has vanished, leaving only 7-
8 distinct ventral segments of that with the dorsal segments corresponding
typical number. The next-last ventral segments (see Fi:^. 8) are not infre-
quently distinguished by special sex-characters in the S' . In the follow-
ing descriptions the ventral segments are counted as they are found, regard-
less of the routine of dorsal segments, from the thorax and dlstad as first,
second, third ventral segments etc., and as a rule the first free dorsal
segment will then agree with the first ventral segment as dorsal and ventral
part of same abdominal segment. - Abdomen is as a rule sharply side-margined,

-14-

(Page 10)
rarely entirely round (Conosoma, several Stenue species). It varies in form,
sometimes of uniform breadth and only tapering posteriorly, and again more
smoothly tenuis, occasionally narrowing up toward the metathorax (Tachyusa
constricta Fig. 88 et al. ) not infrequently f eetly spool- or fusiform.
Then running, and in fear, also often at rest, many Staphylinids raise ab-
domen up in the air or bend it forward over the forebody, probably to cover
this or to produce a different appearance. Sometimes this tendency has be-
come a fixed habit, which not only distinguishes the appearance of the ani-
mal but also the structure of its body (cf. Bncephalus ) . Where the flexibi-
lity forwardly is developed, several of the foremost free dorsal segments
most often three, sometimes four, are depressed or transversally grooved at
base. Most of the Tachyporines and many species with long elytra curve ab-
domen downward and inward toward ventral side; some of the Xantholines when
in danger bend the forebody in toward metathorax and in this position lie atill,
apparently dead.

The difference between the sexes is not always externally distinct, but
in a great number of species in all groups it is however apparent, especially
in the S' , in external sex-characters. The sex- characters often consist of
spines, teeth, carina©, grooves or incisions on one or several of the last
abdominal segments either on dorsal or ventral side. But also on head and
pronotum formations and impressions often occur in the c?', which arc not found,
or less distinct in the ^ (such as horns in Bledius species). Sometimes the
head in S is larger than in p (Philonthus et al.), or the fore-tarsi are di-
lated, or the foremost antennal joints more densely haired on inner side,

-15-

(Page 10)
or the antennae are longer; in several species of Anthobium the siatural
corners of elytra in the ^ acutely produced. All sex-characters afford ex-
cellent specific characters.

Staphylinids are mainly animals of prey; they attack and live of other
more feeble insects and their broods. This applies especially to all the
large or medium sized species, which therefore fittingly bear the name "Rove-
Beetles". However a considerable number live apparently also to some degree
on rotting animal and vegetable matter; others prefer outflowing tree- sap.
The species are found everywhere where sufficient nourishment is obtainable.
They are particularly numerous at rotting pleints and in compost, at manure,
carrion, in alluvium, on the strand under seaweed, in fungi, beneath bark
in the burrows of the bark beetle, and in the crumbles from gnawing, in hol-
lov" trees, at outflowing tree -sap; under leaves and moss, and under other
plant cover they are found everywhere, especially on damp ground, in masses;
very few species are found on flowers and flowering busches. Several spe-
cies are myrmecophilous and abide in or by ant-hills in capacity of friends,
foes or tolerated parasites; a few are found in humble-bee's nests and wasp
abodes, in bird's nests, mouse-nests, and in mole-dwellings etc.

Family Staphylinidae occupies, as far as number of species is concerned,
absolutely the first place among our beetles. Inasmuch as there in this coun-
try is found of ground-beetles (Pam. Carabidae and Cicindelidae) nearly 270
species, of snout-beetles (Fam. Curculionidae) about lt20, and of leaf -beetles
(Fam. Chrysomelidae, Halticidae and Cassididae) about 23O species, the num-
ber of heretofore found Staphylinids is upward to 700 species, fully a fifth

-16-

(Pa^e 11)
of all our beetles (c. 3OOO species), and it is not unlikely that this con-
siderable number, by enerj^etic investigation in all parts of this country,
could further be increased by several species, which belong to the Staphy-
linidae fauna of the nearest neighboring countries, though not yet found
here.

The Staphylinidae larvae of most of the genera are heretofore yet un-
knov/n or not described. In Katurh. Tidsskr, 1864-65 and 1872-73 Prof. I.C.
Schi0dte has described and illustrated several larvae, belonging to genera
Velleius , ^Tjedius , Ocypus , Philonthus, "'laxitholinus , Oxyporus , Bledius, Pla-
tystethus , Tachinus, Tachyporus , Stenus and gyntomium. Other descriptions
by various authors: Ferris, Rey, Fauvel, Thomson et al. are found scattered
in international scientific journals. The larvae are of form somewhat like
the beetles and in appearance often reminiscent of these. They are inter alia
distinguished by this, that the tarsi of the otherwise well developed legs
have only 1, claw-shaped joint; the mouth lacks , the labrum; the antennae,
which most often are 2- jointed, has as a rule a supplementary joint, (how-
ever in Stenus 4- jointed without supplement); the cerci of the ninth abdom-
inal segment are most often 2- jointed, rarely undivided; the anal segment
is obliquely downwardly directed and is used for support or locomotion (push-
ing-joint) (see Fig. 146). In genera of the group Staphylinini the dorsal
shields of the abdominal se.gmcnts are divided in medial line, in the rest
of the investigated genera they are entire. - The comparative considerable
external likenes between larvae and beetles, is regarded as eui indication
of, that the Staphylinids, especially the genera Xantholinus . laederinus.

-17-

(Page 11)
Othlus et al., belong to the most ancient forms of beetles.

The larvae, like the beetles are most often agile and active animals,
of same mode of living as these. They shun the light and apparently are pre-
dominantly nocturnal animals, which, as far as known, seemingly develope
rather ^iuickly, most often during a few sujmner and autumn monthSj likewise
the pupa stage is not long. The larvae and still more the pupae are without
rearing difficult to determine specifically.

The family Staphylinidae is divided according to the consistency of the
prothorax: membranous or chitinized (see preceding) and consequently either
visible or covered prothoracic spiracula, into two large principal parts (cf .
Erichson Gen. et Spec. Staph, and Kraatz Ins. Deutschl. II), Further accord-
ing to the insertion and structure of the antennae, the form etc. of the fore
and hind coxae (see following key), these two principal parts are, in our
fauna, divided into 11 (3 - 8) groups, of which the external and natural char-
acteristics are conspicuous and as a rule easily recognized in the appearan-
ce of the species (cf . appearance of Stenus . Fig ll<.8j Tachinus, Fig. 101;
Oxytelus, ^ig. 160 et al.). It is seldom that within the natural group, les-
ser deviations from the main characters of the group occur, and when e.g.
Platystethus as an exception has membranous prothorax and only partly covered

(Page 12)
spiracula, the entire appearance of the genus however assigns its place among
the Oxytelines (Fig. 158). The last i^roup, Micropeplini, differ in several
respects rather peculiarly from the rest, without however having lost the

-18-

(Pa^e 12)
Staphylinid-like characteristics (^ig 193). The genus Euaesthetus . which
in Erichson and Kraatz is placed in the group Stenini, is, on account of
4- jointed tarsi and small eyes etc. separated from this eind placed in a
different group , Euaesthetini. Otherwise the groups are here held within
the boundary as found in Kraatz.

Key to the Oroups.

1. Antennae 11- jointed, only exceptionally 10- jointed (Oligota, Hypocyptus )

2.

tetennae 9-jointed with knob-shaped distal joint (Fig. 193). Frothorax

at each side anteriorly with a deep antennal groove... 11. Micropeplini.

2. Spiracula of prothorax behind fore-coxae exposed and visible, inasmuch

as the prothorax back of the large, conical, protecting coxae is

entirely membranous (?ig. 5 and 5) 3.

Spiracula of prothorax as a rule not visible, but covered by the most

often entirely chitinized, or at least only at middle membranous pro-
thoracic chitin-shell; only exceptionally (Cryptobium. Plalystethus)
are the spiracula entirely covered 2j.»

3. Antennae inserted on forehead near the foremost inner margin of the

eye (Pig. lk> 19 et al.). Dorsum of elytra not separated from their
epipleura by a carina, (except in Dinar da). Hind coxae broad, their

trochanter rather long, supporting 1. Aleocharini.

Antennae inserted before the eyes beneath side-margin of forehead (Pig.
101, 108). Slytral dorsum by a sharp carina separated from the
deflected side-plane, (except in rrichophya). Hind coxae broad

-19-

(Page 12)
with supporting trochanter 2. Tachyporini.

3. Antennae inserted before eyes beneath fore margin of forehead ('^ig.122,

123 et sil.). Elytral dorsum and side-plane not separated by any
carina. Hind coxae conical with short, not supporting: trochanter.
3* Staphylinini »

4. Hind coxae conical or tap-shaped, posteriorly protruding 5.

Hind coxae broad 7.

5. Antennae moniliform or without larger distal joint, inserted before

the eyes beneath corner margin of forehead (Fig. 125. I3I et al.)

Hind coxae rather large k» Paederini»

Antennae with two-three larger distal joints. Hind coxae small 6.

6. Antennae with two larger distal joints, inserted far before the small

eyes beneath fore-or corner-margin of forehead. Hind coxae narrowly

separated. Tarsi 4- jointed (Pig. 143)««« 5. Euaesthetini.

Antennae with three larger distal joints, inserted free on forehead
between the very large eyes (Fig. 144. 148 et al.). Hind coxae
broadly separated. Tarsi 5-ja>inted 6. Stenini.

7. Trochanter of hind legs short, not supporting. Antennae inserted be-

fore eyes at base of mandibles beneath the callous -like corner mar-
gin (Fig. 158, 160. et al.) 7. Oxytelini.

Trociianter of hind legs large , supporting 3 .

8. Head on vertex with two, as a rule distinct ocelli, "^ore-coxae conical,

prominent. Elytra comparatively long, often covering the greater
part of abdomen (Fig. 177) 8. Omaliini.

-20-

(Page 12)

8. Head without ocelli, exceptionally with only one ocellus at middle

of vertex 9 •

9. Fore-coxae broadly cylindrical, slightly prominent. Vertex sometimes

with an ocellus in middle (Phlaeobium). Body short and proporti-
onately broad (Fig. 189) 9. Proteinini.

Fore-co3ra.e large, tap-shaped prominent. Head without ocelli. Body nar-
row, linear. (Fig. 192) 10. Phloeocharini.

■21-

(Pa^'e 13)

L iroup Aleocharinl.

(Erichson Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 1837, 283; ien. Spec. Staph. 1839, 33; Kraatz
Ins. D. II,' 1857, 18. - Aleocharlna Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 1860, 238.-
Aleocharlens Muls. et Rey Brevip. 3. - Aleocharinae Janjlb. Kaf. L.1. II, 1895,
17).

Prothorax behind the fore-coxae is membranous and the spiracula open-
ly exposed. Antennae 11-jointed, only exceptionally (Oll;ota) 10-joint-
ed, - Inserted on forehead nei^rest the foremost inner margin of the eye.

The body varies in form, more often more or less slender, evenly broad
or feebly spindle-shaped than short and broad; the head porrect or some-
what deflexed, rounded, transverse or ovate, sometimes anteriorly snout-
formea elongated (Dl^lossa , ?/y llaena, Jymnusa) , posteriorly often feebly,
sometimes strongly neck-formed constricted. Antennae (see above) as a rule
more or less thickened distally, more rarely filiform and fine; the eyes
only exceptionary large and strongly protruding ( ^yrophaena) , occasional-
ly small, most often normal. Maxillary palpi are normally 4-Jointed, a
very small fifth ^oint may occur (Aleochara) ; the last, the forth joint
is always very fine, spiculiform; in the jenera v.ith snoutiike tapering
head (Myllaena, Di^lossa and J^mnusa) the maxillary palpi are peculiarly
lon^ with particularly elongated second and third joints, v.hich ordinari-
ly most often are rather short; labial palpi are most often 3-jointed,
sometimes only 2-Jointed (Silusa) .

■ 1-

(Page 13)

Pronotum differs In form; elytra not side -margined, only exceptionally
(Dinarda) the deflected side-margin i s by a sharp ridge separated from the
dorsum; they are most often somewhat longer than pronotum. more rarely
shorter, scarcely reaching out over the metathorax, covering only the first
two dorsal joints of abdomen, either entirely or the second Joint so incom-
pletely that its chitinized posterior margin becomes visible. Abdomen is
margined, very flexible, and bends when running, or preening or at copula-
tion , often upwardly and forwardly. - The fore-coxae are conical and pro-
minent, the middle-coxae ovate, contiguous or separated, hind-coxae broad
and flat with appressed-*) trochanter; tibiae seldom spiniferous; the num-
ber of tarsal Joints differ: either all tarsi are 5-jointed, or all are
4-Jointed, or fore-tarsi are 4-Jointed, the others 5-Jointed, or only the
hind-tarsi are 5-jointed, the rest 4-jointed.

Of the larvae belonging to the genera (species) of this group, the
following are heretofore known; Dinarda, Phloeopora, Oxypoda , Atemeles,
Lomechusa. Myrmedonia , Homalota, Fala^ria, Leptusa, Fhytotus. Thectura.
jyrophaene , Qligota, Di°;lossa.

(Page 14)

According to form of head, and the number of ahtennal and tarsal joints,
the numerous aleocharinids found in this country can be separated into
8 divisions, of which tl.e first three include the majority of jenera and
species of the group, the following five only a few species each.

Key to Divisions.
1. Head anteriorly not snoutlike elongated. Maxillary palpi short or rath-

-2-
•)Lylng closely downward on upper part of femur; translator.

o

(Page 14)
er short, only exceptionally (Oxypoda praecox) somewhat elongate.: 2.
1. Head anteriorly snoutlike elongated. Maxillary palpi remarkably elon-
gate, slender, their second and third joints very long (Fig. 99).; 4.

All tarsi 5-jointed 1. Aleocharina.

Fore-tarsi 4-jolnted, middle- and hind-tarsi 5-Jointed

2. Myrmedoniina.

Fore-tarsi and middle-tarsi 4-Jointed, only hind-tarsi 5-jointed....

3. Bolitocharina.

All tarsi 4-jointed 3.

3. Antennae 11- jointed 4. Rygronomina.

Antennae 10-jointed 5. Oligotina.

4. All tarsi 4-jointed 6. Siglossina.

Fore-tarsi and middle-tarsi 4-jointed, only hind-tarsi 5-jointed.

7. Myllaenina.

All tarsi 5-jointed 8. Jymnusina.

1, Division Aleocharina.
The head rounded or .transverse, sometimes feebly pyriform tapering,
but never anteriorly snoutllke produced; maxillary palpi short or rather
short, their second and third joints normally long, only exceptionally
(Oxypoda praecox) somewhat elongate. All tarsi are 5-Jointed.

Key to Civieions.
1. Elytra with a sharp side-margin from humerus to hind corner, whereby
dorsufL is separated from the abruptly deflexed side-margin. Pro-
notum very Lroad with acute, retracted hind corners. Abdomen pos-
teriorly strongly tapering (Fig, 13) 2. Dinarda ?i!annh.

-3-

(Page 14)

1. Elytra without such side-margins 2.

2. Head posteriorly distinctly, more or less constricted, porrect 11.

Head posteriorly either not or very feebly constricted (Ocyusa) , more

or less imbedded in pronotum, more rarely somewh&t porrect 3.

3. Maxillary palpi normally 4-jointed; the fourth Joint fine, spiculi-

form. The metathoracic epiplura do not reech out behind elytral

corners 4.

Maxillary palpi 5-jointed, inasmuch as the tip of the fine fourth

joint is set off as an extremely small (microscopic) fifth Joint
(Fig. S). The metathorac epiplura reach out behind elytral cor-
ners and are here very distinct. Fore- and middle-tibiae are in
outer margin finely spinlferous. The body most often rather plump
(Fig. 10) 1« Aleochara Jravh.

4. Tongue undivided and at tip rounded (Fig. 15). (In form and appear-

ance the specie s resemble Aleochara) 5.

Tongue cleft in middle-line into two e jual lobes or emargined at tip

(Fig . 18) 6.

t. Fore- and middle-tibiae at outer margin finely spiniferous. Abdomen

slightly narrowed posteriorly, its fifth free dorsal Joint longer
than the fourth. 3. M.icro.^lossa Kr.

Fore- and middle-tibiae not spinlferous. Body equally broad; abdominal
fifth free dorsal Joint as long as the fourth.: 4. "rataraea Thorns,
e. Hind tarsal first Joint shorter than the claw-joint 7.

Hind tarsal first Joint most often longer than the claw-Joint, rare-
ly of same length at same (Ocyusa) 8.

-4-

(Pa-e 15)

7. Antennae compact, outer joints (4-10) close together (species live in

ant hills) 5. Thiasophila Kr.

Antennae not compact, outer joints not closely drawn together (species
occur especially under bark of attacked trees or at treesap)....
6. Sticho,;lossa Fairm.

8. First joint of hind tarsi very elongated, distinctly longer than the

claw-Joint 9.

First joint of hind tarsi only as long as the claw-joint or insignil^-
icantly longer than same 10. Ocyusa Kr.

9. Mandibles with a robust tooth right back of tip, whereby this appears

to be divided. First joint of middle-tarsi as long as the follow-
ing three Joints together 7. Dasyglosaa Kr.

Mandibles with single tip. First joint of middle-tarsi at most as

long as the following two joints together 10.

10. Mentum anteriorly feebly narrowing (Fig. 17); abdominal fifth free

dorsal joint distinctly longer than the fourth. : 8. Oxypoda Mannh.
Mentum anteriorly strongly narrowing (Fig. 22); abdominal fifth free
dorsal joint not or only inconsiderably longer than the fourth,
(pronotum short and broad) 9. Hy,;ropora Kr.

11. First joint of hind tarsi at least as long as the two following Joints

together, most often longer than the claw-joint 12.

First Joint of hind tarsi a little shorter than the two following

joints together, distinctly shorter than the claw-joint (species
live under bark of attacked trees) 17. Phloeopora Kr.

-5-

(Page 15)

12. The first three free dorsal abdominal joints depressed at base... 13.
The first four free dorsal abdominal joints depressed at base 15.

13. Temples and jenae margined 14.

Temples and genae not margined. Body very slender: 12. Chilopora Kr.

14. Tongue long and narrow (Fi^. 24); antennae rather slender. (Abdomen

in our species polished, only simply and finely punctated)

11. Qcalea Er.

Tongue short; antennae from the fifth joint robust. Abdomen very dens-
ely punctated and dully silky-glistening. Head rather feebly con-
stricted behind 13. Ityocara Thorns.

15. First antennal joint dorsally obliquely grooved or iaourved for re-

reception of the second joint, the second joint curved at base

(Fig. 28); antennae very robust 15. Amarochara Thoms.

First antennal joint noroaal, without groove 16.

16. Temples and genae margined. V.esosternum at middle-line finely cari-

nated. Thorax densely and often robustly punctated: 16. Ilyobates Kr.
lemples and genae not margined. Mesosternum without carina. Thorax
finely punctated 14. Calodera f.'annh.

1. Jenus Aleochara iravh.

(Jravh. Micropt. 67; Erichs. ien. Spec. Staph. 158; Kraatz Ins. D.
II. 82; .Jan:lb. Kiaf. U. II, ZL. - Aleachara -f- Baryodraa ( Polystoma Ihoms.
Skand. Col. respectively II, "46, II, 249, III, 47. - Aleochart. j- baryodma
f-Fheochara r Polyetoma r Geranota Unls. et Tey Brevip. 1874 respectively
14,44, 163, 16&, 189).

Among the Aleocharlni the genus Aleochara is uniquely characterized

in that, the maxillary palpi is 5-jointed, and labial palpi 4-jointei^.

(Pa-e 15)

«

True, the last joint in both cases is patticiilaMy small, but is however

distinguishable when suitably (microscopically) magnified, as one from

the preceding joint set off tip of horny-like substance. (Fi^. S).

Fig. 9. maxillary palpi of Aleochara fuscipes F. 1. 2. 3. 4. E.
its five joints.

The body of most of the species oi" this genus is rather thick and either
slightly fusiform or rather evenly broad, more or less finely haired,
occasionally Bomewhal roUgh-halred. The head considerably narrower than
pronotum, defiettea" and not constricted behind, its temples and genae

sharply margined; (Page 16) antennae most often

short, as long as head and pronotum together, thickened distally, their
first three joints somewhat elongate, and the third joint as long as or
longer than the second, rarely shorter, the following miadle and next-
last joints (4-lC) increasingly broader, more or less transverse; in few
species (ruf icornis, spadicea) are the antennae long and slender. In our
species the eyes little or not prominent, never large, sometimes rather
small. The second and third joint of maxillary palpi is about of equal
length, the third thickened toward tip, rarely (succicola Thorns.) more
strongly tumid (Fig. 11), the fourth is fine and subulate, ordinarily
shorter than the third, exceptionately thickened at base (succicola Thorns.)
in all species provided with an especially small offset tip (see preced-
ing), which forms the fifth joint of maxillary palpi. First joint of labial
palpi is longer and thicker than the following, tiie. f burtih •especially small,
yet distinguishable; the tongue broad and short, divided at middle into
two eflected lobes.

(Pa-e 16)

Pronotum Is posteriorly most often as broad as elytra and narrowing
anteriorly with rounded sides and rounded off hind corners; elytra togeth-
er broader than long, their posterior margin inside the outer hind-corners
only feebly or not dlicurved; not covering entirely the metathoraclc epi-
mera, of which the hindmost rounded-off part reaches a little outside of,
and are visible at the elytral outer hind corners. This is quite unique
for this genus and affords most often a good Identification character.
The elytral epipleura are sometimes (subgenus Polystoma and others) of even
breadth, only at the tip roundly narrowing, but in most of the species
narrowing from middle posteriorly. Abdomen is most often posteriorly
tapering, more rarely of even breedtb, Its first three free dorsal joints
depressed at base. Mesosternum in many species with a fine carina in
middle-line (Fig. £a. subt^.Bar.yodma) . in others smooth (subg. Aleochara
E. str.). The legs are as a whole rather slender than robust, in a few
of our species (e. g. spadicea) especially slender; fore- and middle-
tibiae finely spiniferous in outer margin; all tarsi 5-jointed; hind
tarsal first Joint longer than the two following joints together.

Sex-characters occur in several species, but are most often not con-
spicuous. Ordinarily they amount to this, that the posterior margin of
the sixth free abdominal joint in the o^is sllghtl_ Inourved , finely notch-
ed or finely dentate; only in a single one of our species ( ruf icornl s)
are they more singular.

Fig. Sa. f/.esosternum of Aleochara moesta Jravh. with carina in
middle-line.

Aleochara species are found under leaves, in alluvium, at rotting

(Page 16)
plants, manure, carrion, fungi or outflowing tree-sap; several live ex-
clusively at the beach. About 50 species are distributed throughout
Middle and North Europe, of these about one half are heretofore found in
this country. They can be divided into five subgenera (see key). Though
strongly united by the peculiarities of aaxillary palpi aid labial palpi,
these subgenera are in many respects ©(St a little different from each other,

namely is subgenus Poly stoma deviating, and therefore by many authors

(Page 17)

treated as an individual genus. But also the other four subgenera are

by some treated as independent genera (cf. Thorns. Skand. Col. II j Aleo-

chara, Baryodma, III: Poly stoma; Muls. et Rey Brevip. Aleocharaires) .

Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. Elytral epipleura of equal breadth, only at tip roundly narrowing;

eyes small, shorter than temples; body of rather even breadth: 21.
Slytral epipleura not equally broad, about from middle narrowing pos-
teriorly; eyes normally large, as long as temples; body most oft-
en fusiform (Fig. 10) 2.

2. Uesosternum between the well separated coxae without carina in middle-

line. 1. subgenus Aleochara s. str. (!=-genuE Aleochara Thorns, and

Mul s. ) 3.

Uesosternum between the rather closely placed coxae with a carina

in middle-line (Fig. &a.): 2. sub^'enus 5ar.yodma (=genu8 Baryodma
Thoms. and Muls.) ^'

3. Elytra brownish-red with black sides, often also nark at base; anten-

nae strongly thickened distally. L. 5. £-8 mm. i 1. A. fuecipes Fbr.

-9-

(Pag;e 17)

3. Elytra black, rarer brownish; antennae feebly thickened 4.

4. Pronotum entirely black, same length as elytra. L. 4-5 mm

2. A. brevipennis iravh.

Pronotal sides most often brownish, elytra shorter than pronotum.
L. 3-3.5 mm 3. A. fumata Er.

5. Pronotum uniformly punctated, without punctate rows 6.

Pronotum along the middle with two separate punctate rows, intervals

smooth, outside of the rows scattered punctation (subg. Coprochara
Muls.) 19.

6. Abdomen at the foremost three free dorsal joints or entirely to the

tip with dense or very dense punctation 7.

Abdomen at the foremost free dorsal joints with scattered, or only

in the transversal grooves dense punctation IC.

7. Abdomen rather strongly tapering; pronotum v.ithout side-bristles; -iieso-

sternal carina sharp (subg, Baryodma s. str. ^'uls.) 8.

Abdomen rather evenly broad, only tapering at the last joints, its
sides otherwise almost parallel (subg. Isochara Bernh.) 9.

8. Elytra dully black, each with a blood-red spot posteriorly. L, 4-5 mm.

4. A. birunetata Oil v.

Elytra entirely black; the species very small. L. 1.5-2.5 mm

5 . A. morion i ravh .

S. Abdomen at the hindmost joints with somewhat isolated punctation;

elytra black, each with a more or lees extensive reddish-yellow
spot posteriorly. L. 5.5 mm 6. A. tristis Jravh.

•10-

(Pa-e 17)

9. Abdomen to the tip with very dense, smooth punctation; elytra reddish-

yellow, most often v»ith a mutual, large, triangular spot at baee.
L. 3.5-4.5 mm 7. A. crassiuscula Sahib.

10. Third joint of maxillary palpi toward tip feebly thickened, normal,

the fourth shorter than tho third and not thickened at base... 11.
Third joint of maxillary palpi strongly thickened toward tip, revers-
ed-conical, the fourth joint proportionately long, about as long
as the third, at base somewhat thickened (subg. Homeochara Muls.)*
L. 2.5-3.5 mm 16. A. suocicola Thoms.

11. Antennal distal joint jn both sexes normal, at most as long as the

two preceding joints together (subg. Polychara Muls.) 12.

Antennal distal joint in the ^ as long as the three preceding joints
together, in the p normal; abdomen in the transversal grooves
with robust and dense, elsewhere with very fine and scattered
punctation (subg. Dyschara Muls.). L. 2.5-3 mm.: 16. A. suocicola Thoms.

11. Antennal distal joint in both sexes normal, at most as long as the

two preceding joints together (subg. Polychara Muls.) 12.

Antennal distal joint in the d*as long as the three preceding joints
together, in the (^ normal; abdomen in the transversal grooves with
robust and dense, elsewhere with very fine scattered punctation
(subg. Dyschara Muls.). L. 2.5-3 mm 17. A. inconsplcus Aube.

12. Elytral posterior margin inside the outer corners net incurve,.

Blytra black, each with a reddish-yellow spot posteriorly. L. 3-4

mm B. A. bialgnata Er.

Elytral posterior margin inside liuter corners feebly, yet distinctly

produced, their color black or redd ieh-brown 13.

-11-

(Page 18)

13. Elytra entirely black or their outer posterior margin brownish. ... 14.
Elytra brownish-red or chestnut brown 17.

14. First three free dorsal abdominal joints in the transversal grooves

with robust punctation 15.

Transversal abdominal grooves feebly or finely or not punctated. .. 16.

15. Abdomen irregularly punctated, transversal grooves 'with robust, else-

where with fine and scattered punctation. Elytra as long as pro-
notum; this a. most often distinctly rough-haired. L. 3-4.5 mm.
9. A. lanuginosa Irravh,

b. finely prostrate-haired, pronotum, head and elytra lead-like glist-
ening. L. 4.5-5 mm Sa. A. rufitarsis Heer.

Abdomen with rather uniform, and dense, rather robust punctation.
Elytra a little shorter than pronotum, this prostrately haired.
L. 3-4 mm 10. A. ly,:aea Kr.

16. Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra, rather finely and not dens-

ely punctated, surface very finely shagreened, dully glistening.

L. 3-4 mm 11. A. villosa Mannh.

Pronotum only a little narrower than elytra, rather coarsely but not

deeply punctated, surface not shagreened. L. 3.5-5 mm

12. A. moesto Er.

17. Elytra longer than pronotum, vivid brownish-red. 1. 4-5 mm

13. A. sanguinea Linn.

Elytia hardly longer tlian pronotum, chestnut brown or brownish-red,

occasionally darkly brown 18.

-1?-

(Page 18)

18. The three transversally jjrooved dorsal joints of abdomen with simj)le

or sparse punctation back of grooves. Pronotum rather finely

punctated. L. 4-4. 5mm 14. A. moerens iyllh.

The transversally grooved dorsal joints of abdomen with rather dense
and smooth punctation back of grooves. Pronotum finely punctated.
Species broader. L. 4-5 mm 15. A. mycetophaga Kr.

19. Elytra entirely black. L. 3-4 mm 18. A. billineata Jyllh.

Elytra black, each with a reddish-yellow spot posteriorly 80.

20. Elytral spot rather sharply bounded. L. 2.5-3.5 mm.: 19. A. nltida ^ravh.
- Elytral spot more or less extensive, not sharply bounded. L. 2-3.5

mm 20. A. verna Say.

21. Antennae longer than head and pronotum together, slender 22.

Antennae shorter than head and pronotum together; surface of forebody

shagreened aensely, feebly glistening or dull. (Species live on
the strand): 5. subgenus Polystoma Steph. (=genu£ Poly stoma Thoms.
and Muls. ) 23.

22. Abdominal dorsal joints in the c^without sex-characters; hind-tarsi

particularly long, et least as long as tibiae: 3. subgenus Bheo-
chara (=rgenu6 Pheochara Muls.). L. 4-5.5 mm.: 21. A. spadicea Er.
Abdominal first free dorsal joint in the o with a tooth, the second
most often with a granule at middle. Abdomen strongly glistening;
4. subgenus Ceranota Steph. (s=-jenu8 Ceranota Mul s. ) . L. 5-7 mm.
22. A. ruficornis ir avh.

23. Forebody entlr-.ly dull 24.

-13-

(Page 18)

23. Forebody feebly glistening. L. 3.5-4.5 mm 83. A. grisea Kr.

24. Forebody with fine and rather scattered punctation. L. 4-5 mm

24. A. algarum Fauv.

Abdomen rather robustly and densely punctated. L. 3-4 mm

25. A. obscurella Jravh.

1. Subgenus Aleochara s. str. Thorns. Muls.

1. A. fuscipes Fabr.

(Fabr. Syst. Ent. 1775, 266; Jravh. Micr. 92; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I.
354; ien. Spec. Staph. 15&; Kraatz Ins. C. II, 86; Thorns. Skand. Col. II,
247; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1874, 2C; ^anglb. Kaf. M. II, 20. - curtula
joeze Ent. Beytr. 1777, 730).

Our largest species; within the subgenus recognized by the color of
elytra, and by the short, robust antennae.

Black, glistening, rather finely haired; elytra brownish-red, at sides
black or brownish-black; first two joints of the antennae, maxillary palpi,
and legs brownish-red. (Page Ife) Sometimes the base of el-
ytra is blackly shaded, antennae entirely black, and the legs pitch-brown
with lighter tarsi.

The body (Fig. lO) is proportionately thick and broad, fusiform; head
finely punctated; antennae short and dlstally peculiarly robust, as a rule
distinctly thickest at middle, the middle- and next-last joints mora than
twice as broad as long. Pronotum is posteriorly about as broad as elytra,
amply 1^ times as broad as long, anteriorly strongly, roundly narrowing,
convex, rather finely and densely punctated, its sides without erect brist-
les. Elytra are distinctly shorter than pronotum, with dense and rather ro-
bust, somewhat scabrous punctation, their outer hind corners rounded off}

-14-

(Page 19)
abdomen feebly tapering, the transversal grooves with indistinct, elwhere
- and especially posteriorly - with rather robust, but not dense puncta-
tion. L. 5-8 nun.

In the C? the margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen slightly
incurved, and smooth.

It varies considerably in size; in large, robustly developed animals
the color of elytra, antennae and legs is often darker than in the small.

At carrion and rotting offal of animals and plants; distributed, but

not frequent.

2. A. brevipennis Oravh*

(3ravh. Mon. 169; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 356, Jen. Spec. Staph. 163;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 92; Thorns. Skand. Ool. II, 248; Muls et Rey Brevip.
1874. 28; Gaoglb. Kaf. M. II, 31).

"'ithin the subgenus easily identified by the color, and by the dense-
ly haired, dully glistening elytra.

Fusiform, black, glistening, finely haired; elytra rather dull; anten-
nal .base and the legs darkly brownish-red, femora often pitch-brown.

The head with fine and scattered punctation; antennae rather slender,
slightly thickened distally, their third joint longer than the second, the
next-last only ik times as broad as long. Pronotum is posteriorly as broad
as elytra, li times as broad as long, roundly narrowing antei lot ij<, finely
and rather densely punctated, without side-brushes; elytra as lonj; as pro-
notum, with very dense scabrous punctation, and densely grayish haired,
due to this dully grayish glistening, their posterior margin inside the
outer corners not or scarcely noticeably tnourved. Abdomen is more or less
tapering, rather robustly, but not densely punctated. L. 4-6 mm.

-15-

(Page 20)
It varies somewhat in size, and sometimes the elytra are feebly brown-
ish and the legs red. Such specimens form the transition to the follow-
ing species.

On damp or semi-damp meadow- marsh- or forest-ground, everywhere com-
mon.

3. A. fumata Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 357; den. Spec. Staph. 166; Kraatz Ins. T.
II, S3; 'Ihoms. Skand. Col. II, 248; Muls. et Key Brevip. 1874, 32; Janglb.
Kaf. U. II, 31. - curta Sahib. Ins. Fenn. 400).

Very closely allied to brevipennis. of which it likely is only an
aberration. As a rule it is smaller than same, elytra shorter and abdom-
en with more scatterd punctation; pronotal sides are most often trans-
lucid brownish and the elytra brown; antennal base and the legs are reddish
yellow or brownish red. L. 3-3.5 mm.

Distributed as the preceding species, but less common. I have most
often found it at the strand.

2. Subgenus Baryodma Thorns.
(Subgenus Baryodma s. str. Muls. et Fey).
4. A. bipunctata Oliv.

(Oliv. Ent. Ill, 42; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 355; Jen. Spec. Staph.
163; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 91; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 249; Muls. et Hey Bre-
vip. 1874, 49; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 33. - intricate Uannh. Brach. 66).

The form of body, color of elytra, and the very dense punctation of
abdomen makes this species very easily Identifiable.

Deeply black, modified gloss, finely haired; elytra black with a rath-
er large, not sharply bounded blood-red spot anteriorly; the lejs, some-
times also antennal base, reaaisn yellow.

-16-

(Page 20)

Body fusiform wi'th greatest breadth across the elytra, posteriorly
strongly tapering; head small, rather densely and finely punctated; an-
tennae somewhat thickened distally, their second and third joints of e-
qual length, the next-last feebly transverse; pronotum convex with strong-
ly deflected fore-corners, posteriorly about as broad as elytra, 1^ times
es broad as long, anteriorly strongly narrowing with rounded sides with- •
out outstanding bristles, densely and finely punctated; elytra distinctly
shorter than pronotum, robustly and especially densely scabrously punctated,
and due thereto dully glistening, their posterior margin inside the outer
corners not produced; abdomen strongly tapering, with rather robust, and
all over, especially however anteriorly, very dense punctatlon, Mesoster-
num in middle-line sharply carinated. L. 4-5 mm.

Distributed throughout Middle and North Europe. It is principally found

at manure, but also under leaves and moss and in alluvium, and is not rare

in this country.

5. A. morion Gravh.

(iravh. Kicr. 97; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Er. I, 361; Jen. Spec. Staph. 175;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 108; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 250; Muls. et Bey Erevip.
1874, 56; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 33).

(Page PI)

Our smallest species; besides this easily identified by color and form.

Deeply black, feebly glistening, finely haired; antennal bese, and
legs pitch-br jwnish or brownish-red.

The body is anteriorly proportionately broad, posteriorly tapering;
the head small, with fine, scattered pynctation; antennae slightly thlck-

• 17-

(Paje 21)
ened distallj', their third Joint longer than the second, the next-last
1^ times as broad as long. Pronotum short, posteriorly twice as broad as
long and about as broad as the elytra, anteriorly strongly narrowing
with rounded sides without bristle-hair, convex, finely and densely punc-
tated; elytra a little longer than pronotum and with feebly rounded sides,
rather dense and robust scabrous-punctation, their posterior margin inside
the outer corners distinctly produced; abdomen rather strongly tapering,
all over with fine, anteriorly dense, posteriorly more isolated punctati-
on. Mesosternum in middle-line sharply carinated. L. 1.5-2.5 mm.

Everywhere and common in this country, especially plenteous at manure,
and excrements; also at rotting plants, under leaves and in alluvium.
Distributed in the greater part of Europe, North Asia and North America.

(Subgenus Isochara Eernh.).
6. A. trislis iravh.

(Jravh. Won. 17G; Wuls. et Fey brevip. 1874, 72; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II,
34. - nigrlpes Mill., ?Craatz Ins. E. II, 50).

Rather thick and of equal breadth, and together with this especially
recognized by the color of elytra and the punctation of abdomen.

Black, glistening, rather finely haired; elytra black, each with a
more or less extensive yellowish-red spot on posterior margin; legs pitch-
brown with reddish knees and tarsi.

Forebody is somewhat rough-haired; head with fine and scattered punc-
tation; antennae rather robust, their second and third joints about of
same length, the next-last ones strongly transverse. Pronotum is poster-
iorly nearly as broad as elytra, 1 '■ times as broad as Ibng, narrowing an-

-18-

(Pa-e 21)
terlorly with rounded, bristle-haired sides, convex, with fine and smooth,
but not dense punctation, rather strongly glistening; elytra as long as
pronotum, with rather robust and dense scabrous punctation, their poster-
ior margin inside the rounded off outer hind corners not inourv«d; abdomen
almost of equal breadth, only tapeiing at the hindmost joints, prostrate
black-haired, the transversal grooves of foremost dorsal joints robustly
and very densely punctated, at the hindmost part of foremost joints and
the following with less robust and somewhat more isolated punctation.
Kesosternum is finely cerinated. L. 5,5 mm.

It is destributed in Middle and South Europe, is said to be not infre-
quent there, at manure. In this country it is heretofore only found sing-
ly at Odense (5. 98. N. P. Jorgensen) and at Molbeak, Pilkeborg (fl. 03.
Esb. Petersen), at the former place under mouldy plant-remnants.

(Page 22)
7. A. crassiuscula Sahib.

(Sahib. Ins. Fenn. I, 396; Muls. et Pey Brdvip. 1874, 65j )anglb. Kaf.
M. II, 34. - tristis Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Er. I, 355; ien. Spec. Staph. 162;
Kraatz Ins. B. II, 69; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 252. - moesta 3ravh. Bernh.
Staph. Pal. Fn. 34).

From the preceding species, tristis Jravh. , to which it is closely al-
lied, It is separated inter alia, by yellowieh-red elytra, which most often
have a mutual, large triangular black spot at base around scutellum and
along the suture; antennal base and the legs are brownish-red, knees and
tarsi lighter.

The body evenly broad, the surffice all over finely reticulated and
lather feebly glistenlnj, smoothl^v haired. Head and pronotum with a little

-19-

(Page 22)
finer punctation than in tristis, elytra with scabrous punctation, abdomen
to the very tip with extremely dense, smooth and rather robust punctation.
Mesosternum carinated. L. 3.5-4.5 mm. (cf. ian^lb., Kraatz).

Said to be found especially at manure and rottinj plants, is distrib-
uted throughout North and Middle Europe, but heretofore however not dis-
covered in this country.

(Subgenus Polychara Muls.).
8. A. bisi^nata Eir.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 357; Jen. Spec. Staph. 166; Kraatz Ins. C.
II, 104; Thorns. Skand. Gol. II, 250; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1874, 88; Janglb.
Kaf. U. II, 36. - laevigata ^yllh. Ins. Suec. II, 433).

Recognized especiaiJy by 'the color of elytra, and their not incunrfei
posterior margins. From nitida, which it resembles in appearance, it is
easily separated by the lack of punctate rows of pronotura,

Grlistening black, finely haired; elytra black, each with a more or
less extensive yellowish-red spot posteriorly close to the suture; legs
pitch-brcwn with reddish knees and tarsi.

Father small and of even breadth; head finely and sparsely punctated;
antennae thickened distally, their second and third joints of same length,
the next-last ones rather strongly transverse. Pronotum is posteriorly as
broad as elytra, 1^ times as broad as long, tapering anteriorly, with fine
and very scattered punctation, strongly jlistening; elytra as long as pro-
notum, with robust and rather dense scabrous punctation, their posterior
margin Inside the outer corners not, or not distinctly produced; abdomen
posteriorly narrowing but very little, not very densely, but rather smooth-
ly and robustly punctated, more robustly than in nitida. Mesosternum cari-
nated. L. 3-4 mm.

-20-

(Page 22)
"idely distributed in Middle and North Europe. Not rare in this coun-
try, at manure, carrion, under rotting plants, leaves and moss.

9. A. lanuginosa ^ravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 94; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 356; len. Spec. Staph. 158;
Kraat? Ins. E. II, 93; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 252; Muls. et Pey Brevip.
1374, 110; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 36).

Easily identified especially by thr color, the rough hair vestiture
of head and pronotum, and the punctation of abdomen.

(Page 23)

Glistening black; forebody with rather dense and long, more or less
distinctly rough, hair* . atxiomen sparsely prostrate-haired; elytral pos-
terior margin at middle most often reddish; legs pitch-black or pitch-brown
with reddish knees and tarsi.

The body is rather of even breadth and especially in larger animals
somewhat thick; head and pronotum rather coarsely and densely, but not
deeply punctated; antennae thickened distally, their third Joint some-
what longer than the second, the middle and next-last ones transverse,
about l| times as broad as long, pronotum :s posteriorly 'hardly as broad,
as elytra, 1^ times as broad as long, narrowing anteriorly with rounded
sides, its vestiture transverse-obllquely outwardly directed, and most
often distinctly outstanding or rough; elytra as long as piConotum, rather
robustly and densely punctated, and the vestiture as in this transverse-
obllquely outwardly directed, biit less rough, their posterior margin in-
side the outer corners distinctly produced; abdomen feebly narrowing pos-
teriorly, the deep transversal grooves of the foremost dorsal Joints coarae-

-21-

(Page 23)
ly and densely , punctated, but elsewhere with rather fine and scattered
punctation. Mesosternum finely carinated. L. 3-4.5 mm.

In the 5^ the posterior marsin of the sixth free dorsal Joint of ab-
domen is finely serrated.

Common everywhere at manure, carrion, under rotting plants, in alluv-
ium, under leaves and moss.

Not infrequently specimens are found of lanuginosa, in which the ves-
titure of the forebody is almost prostrate. Such specimens presumably
resemble the very closely allied Sa. A. rufitarsis Heer ( v 1 1 1 o sa Janglb.)
from the middle European mountainous regions, In which however the fore-
body is said to be lead-like glistening, the antennae slenderer and ab-
domen more finely punctated.

10. A. ly^aea Kr.

(Kraatz Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1862, 317; Wuls et Hey Brevip. 1874, 115;
5an^lb. Kef. r/.. II, 38).

From lanuginosa this closely allied species Is separated namely by,
that the body is more slender, its hair vestiture finec and not rough
on the forebody, elytra a little shorter, abdominal punctation finei in
the transversal grooves, but elsewhere on the joints more robust.

Black, glistening, finely prostrate-haired; elytral posterior margin
often reddish; legs brownish-red; antennal base and the maxillary palpi
often brownish.

The head with fine and scattered punctation; antennae rather robust,
their third joint somewhat longer then the second, the next-last ones
almost twice as broau as long; pronotum le posteriorly about as broad es

-22-

(Page 23)
elytra. It times as broad as long, anteriorly narrowing with slightly
rounded sides, its dorsal side convex, finely and not densely punctated.
The elytra are a little shorter than pronotum, rather densely and robust-
ly punctated, their posterior margin inside the outer corners feebly eeiar-
2inedi :..bdomen only a little tapering, the transversal grooves robustly
and densely, and elsewhere all the joints smoothly, rather robustly and
densely punctated. Mesosternum is carinated. L. 3-4 mm.

(Page 24)
It is most often and most abundantly found in gnaw-crumblings in poplars,
which have been attacked by the Cossus larvae, more rarely and singly un-
der leaves and at excrements etc. Cistributed and not rare in spots.

11. A. villosa Mannh.

(Mannerh. Brach. 67; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 94. - alutacea Muls. et Pey
Erevip. 1874, 106).

Closely allied to moesta Jravh., from which it is separated especial-
ly by, narrower head, slenderer antennae, narrower, more finely punctated,
finely transversally aciculated pronotum, also by more dully glistening
elytra.

Black, madified glistening, f inelyhaired ; antennal base and legs brown-
ish, knees and tarsi lighter.

The head Is narrow with almost linear sides, finely punctated; antennae
toward tip feebly thickened, their second and third joints somewhat elon-
gate and of equal length, the fourth longer than broad, the next-laet ones
scarcely or very little transverse. Pronotum distinctly narrower than el-
ytra, 1^ times as broart as lon;^, roundly narrowing anteriorly, rather flat-
ly convex, finely and not densely punctated, the surface - like the rest

of the dorsal part of the forebody - very finely transversally aciculated

-23-

(Page 24)
and due thereto feebly glistening; elytra longer than pronotum, rather
robustly and densely punctated, their posterior margin inside the outer oor
corners flatly incurved, abdomen only very little tapering, the transvers-
al grooves as well as the joints with very fine, scattered punctation,
the posterior joints often nearly smooth. Metasternum carinated. L. 3-4 mm.

Is said to mainly seek dovecots and larger bird's nests, and is dis-
tributed throughout Middle Europe; in this country only a single specimen
has heretofore been found in a horse-stable in Aalborg, sifted from straw
and offal. (5. 93. ;^uthor).

12. A. moesta iravh.

(Jravh. Kicr. 96; Erichs, Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 356; Jen. Spec. Staph. 170;
Kraatz Ins. C. II, 99; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 252; Muls. et Pay Brevip.
1874, 126; CJanglb. Kaf. K. II. 33).

Among closely allied species especially characterized by the pronotal
distinct, almost coarse punctation and the abdominal fine, scattered dou^-
ble punctation.

Black, glistening, rather sparsely haired; elytra sometimes brov^nish;
antennal base and legs pitch-brown, tarsi reddish.

The head rounded, rather robustly, but not densely punctated; antennae
distinctly thickened distally, their second and third joints of equal
length, the fourth transverse, the next-lest ones approximately twice
as broad as long. Pronotum is a little narrower than elytra, posteriorly
about 1^ times as broad as long, narrowing anteriorly with rounded sides,
with rather coarse and dense, but not deep punctation. Elytra are a little
longer than pronotum, robustly and rather densely punctated with a some-
what sparse hair vestiture, which is almost directed straight hindwards;

• 24-

(Pa^e 25)
their posterior margin is inside the outer corners slightly inoarved*
Abdomen feebly tapering, strongly glistening, its transverse! grooves
finely punctated or almost smooth, elsewhere the joints are with fine and
very scattered punctation. Besides the more distinct punctation, the sur-
face of the fourth and especially the fifth free dorsal joints with an
extremely fine scattered punctation, v.hich only is descernable when suf-
ficiently greatly magnified. Also head and pronotum bear traces of such
ground-punctation. Mesosternum carinated. L. 3.5-5 mm.

It varies to some extent in size, and in the color of elytra, and
according to size in the distinctness of punctation. Smaller animals,
especially those with brownish elytra may superficially seen be confused
with succicola Thorns., of which the unique maxillary palpi however affords
the distinguishing characteristic.

It is found as well in hollow trees, in stables and outhouses as under

leaves and moss, at rotting plants and tree-sap; is distributed and not

rare.

13. A. sanguinea Linn.

(Linne Syst. Nat. ed. X, 422; Uul s et Fey Bre'vip. 1974, 96; Janglb. Kaf.
I'l. II, 39. - brunneipennls Kraatz Ins. D. II, IGO. - moerens Thorns. Skand.
Col. II, 253).

recognized by the proportionately long elytra, and their color, also
by the abdominal punctation.

Black, glistening, finely haired; elytra vlvjd brownish-red, occasio-
nally with a Clark reflection at base, at the suture and along the sides;
antennae rust-red or pitch-black, their base, maxillary palpi and the legs
yellowish-red or brownish-red.

-25-

(Page 25)

The head with fine and sparse punctatlon; antennae rather long and
slender, their third joints a little longer than the second, the next-
last ones transverse. Pronotum is somewhat narrower than elytra, poster-
iorly amply ij times as broad as lon=j, narrowint; anteriorly, finely and
not densely punctated, somewhat long-haired with several longer side-brist-
les. Elytra 1 ^/^ as long as pronotum, finely and densely punctated, inside
the outer hind corners slightly Incurved; abdomen feebly tapering, with
fine end scattered piinctation, in the transversal grooves almost smooth.
Its two or three next-last dorsal Joints in surface-ground with very fine,
scattered puictulaa. Mesosternum is finely carinated anteriorly. L. 4-5 mm.

In this country it is found in animal offal, bird-excrement, in hollow

trees with bets, and in remains of bird's nests, but is rare or very rare.

(Aalborgj Hvedholm, Fyen; Nykabing F.; Hiller^id).

14. A moerens iyllh.

(3yllh. Ins. Suec. IV, 4S3; Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 169; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 103; Muls et Rey Br6vip. 1874, 122; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 40. -linearis
Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 253).

From san^uinea this species is separated mainly by, shorter, darker
brown elytra, more distinct punctation of the abdominal transversal grooves
also by the color of the last ventral abdominal joint.

(Page 26)

Black, glistening, distinctly and rather long haired; elytra ahest-
nut-brown, sometimes darkly brown; abdominel tip brownish, the entire last
ventral joint and the posterior half of the next-last, posterior margins
of the preceding yentral Joints, also antennal base, and the legs reddish-
yellow, sometimes darker; pronotal sides sometimes brownish,

-26-

(Page 26)

Body rather narrow of equal breadth; head sparsely and finely punc-
tated; antennae rather robust, their second and third joints about of
same length, the middle and neitdast ones nearly twice as broad as lon^.
Pronotum is posteriorly a little narrower than elytra, 1^ times as broad
as lonj, distinctly narrowing anteriorly, rather finely and not densely
punctated. Elytra as long as pronotum, rather robustly and dnesely punc-
tated, their posterior margin inside the outer corners slightly incurved;;
abdomen almost of even breadth, strongly glistening, the transversal grooves
with rather robust and dense punctation, the dorsal joints elsewhere with
fine and scattered punctation. Mesosternum finely carinated. L. 4-4.5 mm.

Distributed everywhere in North and Middle Europe, and in the autumn

often in great numbers in stem-mushrooms, namely in the eatable Boletus

sodalis; in this country mainly in woodland regions, but rather local.

Specimens with darkly brown elytra are easily separated from the similar

moesta by more finely punctated pronotum and the denser punctation of

the transversal grooves of abdomen.

15. A. mycetophaga Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 102; Muls. et Rey Erevlp. 1874, 118; 'Janglb. Kaf.
M. II, 39. - lata Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 851).

Very closely allied tc moorens. The color is alike in both; but myceto-
phaga is (accd.to Kraatz) somewhat larger and broader, anteriorly and pos-
teriorly more tapering. Antennae more robust, the next-last joints twice
as broad as long. Pronotum and elytra somewhat finer punctated, while the
punctation of the first three-four free dorsal joints of abdomen outside
the transversal grooves is distinctly denser and smoother, rather robust
and denpe. Mesosternum is carinated. L. 4-5 mm.

-27-

(Page 26)

Distributed in Middle and North Europe, and like moerens especially

in the autumn found in mushrooms, occurs in Skaane, but so far not yet

with certainty denoted here,

(Subgenus Homoeochara Uuls.)

16. A. succicola Thorns.

(Thorns. Skand. Ool. II, 216; Muls. et Pey Brevip. 1874, 134; ianglb.
Kaf. M. II, 41. - sparsa Heer Faun. Helv. I, 317).

Among closely allied species especially recognized by, that the thira
joint of maxillary palpi is more than ordinarily thickened toward the tip,
so that it becomes strongly reversed conical; the subuliform fourth Joint
is at base distinctly thickened and about as long as the third, longer
than in the closely allied species. (Fig. 11).

(Page 27)

^listening biaok, sparsely haired; elytra often posteriorly, more
rarely entirely brownish; legs brownish black with reddish knees and tarsi.
Sometimes the legs are entirely reddish-brown, and the antennal base al-
so brownish.

The body is rather narrov. ; the head with fine and scattered punctation;
antennae rather robust, their third joint most often a little longer than
the second, the middle and next-last ones about twice as broad as long.
Pronotum is nearly as broad as elytra, anteriorly hardly narrowing, but
the fore-corners strongly deflexed, the dorsum convex, lather finely and
densely punctated, the rounded sides simple bristle-haired. Elytra as
long as pronotum, rather robustly and densely punctated, their posterior
marg^ Inside the outer corners distinctly lnourv9d . abdomen feebly ta-

-28-

(Page 27)

pering, strongly glistening, the transversal grooves most often rather

finely and densely punctated, rarely ' almost smooth, else\where the joints

with simple punctation or smooth, r-^esosternum finely carinated. L. 2.5-

3.5 mm. — t'ig. 11. Maxillary palpi of Aleochara succicola Thoms.

with strongly thickened third joint.

At outflowing tree-sap, sometimes numerous; more singly under rotting

plants. In this country mostly in woodland regions, but rather rare or

local; distributed throughout North and Middle Europe, but increasingly

rarer northward,

(Subgenera Dyschara Muls.).

17. A. inconspicua Aube.

(Aube' Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1850, 312; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 107; Muls. et
Hey Erevip. 1874, 142; GJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 40).

A rather small species, remarkably in, and recognized by the long
distal joint of the antennae in the 5"' (Fig. 12) and by the deep, coarsely.;
and denselv punctated transversal grooves of abdomen.

Jlistening black, all over rather long haired; elytral posterior mar-
gin sometimes brownish; legs reddish- or pitch-orown with reddish knees
and tarsi.

The body narrow fusiform; the head almost Impunctated, strongly glis-
tening; )t,he antennae rather slender, their third joint most often distinct-
ly longer than the second, the next-last ones feebly transverse, distal
joint in the O as long as the two, in the ^ as the three preceding joints
together. Pronotum somewhat narrower than elytra, ih times as broad as
long, feebly narrowing anteriorly with rather strongly rounded, simple
bristle-haired sides, convex, finely and sparsely punctated. Elytra a

-29-

(Pa^e 27)
little longer than pronotum, robustly and rather densely punctated, and
with transverse outwardly directed hair vestiture, their posterior mar-
gin inside the outer corners slightly emarginated; abdomen rathsr equally

(Page 28)
broad, strongly glistening, its transversal grooves deep, narrow, coarse-
ly and densely punctated, but all joints elsewhere with very fine and
scattered punctatlon. fiesosternum finely carinated. L. Z.L-Z mni.

Distributed in Middle Europe; very rare in this country and hereto-
fore only found singly at Haderslev, Odense and Hillerjefd under rotting
plants and in compost.

Fig. 12. The last four antennal joints in Aleochara inconspicua
Aube. Q and <5^ .

(Subgenus Coprochare Muls.).

18. A. billineate Jyllh.

(lyllh. Ins. Suec. II, 436; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 105; Thorns. Skand. Col.
II, 2E4; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1874, 147; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 41. - nitida
var. Erichs.).

Pronotum of this species like in the two following species with. two
distinct punctate rows along the middle, separated by a smooth interval.
By this they are eaeily separated from the other species of this genus.
From nitida Jravh. , to which it in form and punctation is very closely
allied, and of which it sometimes is considered as a variety (see Erich-
son), it is separated namely by the color of elytra.

Jlistening black, finely haired; elytra entirely black or only brown-
ish at posterior margin; legs brownish black with brovnish-red tarsi.

The body is rather narrow and of equal breadth; the head proportiona*e-

-30-

(Page 28)
ly large, smooth at middle, on sides with scattered and rather robust
punctation; antennae rather short and robust, their second and third joints
of same lingth, the nextlast ones strongly transverse. Pronotum is pos-
teriorly as broad as elytra, 1^ times as broad as long, feebly narrowing
anteriorly with rather strongly rounded sides, convex, along the middle
v.ith two somewhat irregular, here and there several-rowed, rather coarse-
ly punctated punctate rows, separated by a smooth interval, the sides el-
sewhere with scattered, rather robust punctation, as well as the head strong-
ly glistening. Elytra as long as pronotum, coarsely and rather densely
punctated, their posterior margin inside the outer corners scarsely emaF—
gined. nbdomen only feebly tapering, rather densely and robustly punc-
tated, especially anteriorly. MeEOsternum carinated. L. 3-4 mm.

It is especially encountered at manure, but also under rotting plants,
at the strand under seaweed and remnants of animals. Distributed and not
rare.

19. A. nitida Jravh.

(Jravh. Uicr. 97; Erichs. Kaf. tik. Br. T, 358, (ex parte); Gten. Spec.
Staph. 168 (ex parte); Kraatz Ins. E. II, lOE; Thome. Skand. Col. II, 254;
Muls. et Rey Brevlp. 1874, 151; ^anglb. Kaf. U. II, 42).

GUlstening black, sparsely haired; Elytra each with a rather sharply
bounded, yellowish-red spot anteriorly at the suture; legs black with
brownish-red tarsi.

In regard to form and punctation it resembles tho preceding species.
As a rule it is a little smaller than same, and the punctation as a whole
8 little finer, the third antennal joint hardly us long as the second;

•31-

(Page 29)

the punctate rows of pronotum are less distinct than in bilineata , and

the punctures in these often fewer. Elytra can occasionally be feebly

metallic glistenin*. Otherwise it is easily separated from bilineata

by the yellowish-red spot oil elytra. Mesosternum finely carinated. L.

2.5-3.5 mm.

20. A. verna Say.

(Say Transact. Am. Entom. Phil. VI, 156; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II, 4,?. -
binotata Krastz Ins. D. II, 106; Uuls. et Rey Brevip. 1874, 156. - lonjula
Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 254).

Glistening black, finely haired; elytra each with an obliterated or
not sharply bounded, and often extensive yellowish-red spot at tip near-
est the suture, more rarely almost entirely yellowish-red or entirely black;
antennal base and the lejs most often brownish-red.

Much like nitida, as a rule a little smaller, also slenderer and more
evenly broad. Antennal third Joint distinctly shorter than the second; the
punctate rows of pronotum are distinct, and most often set in slightly
deepened, posteriorly groove-like impressions; the elytral spot is not
sharply bounded, often extensive or entirely obsolete; puntation of ab-
domen is denser and namely of the hindmost joints also more robust than
in the preceding species. Mesosternum finely carinated. L. 2-3.5 mm.

Much lees common than nitida, most frequently found on the strand

under seaweed and at remnants of animals.

3. Subgenus Rheochara Muls. ot Pay.

?1. A. spadicea Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. fcr. I, 300; ien. Spec. Staph. 61; Kraatz Ins. D.II.
98; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1874, 165; Janglb. Kaf. iJI. II, 42. - procera

-3?.-

(Page 29)
Erlchs. Sen. Spec. Staph. 61; Kraatz Ins. T). II, 97).

More than others of our Aleochara this species is distinguished by
blender antennae and very long legs; namely the hind-tarsi are peculiarly
elongated and thin.

Pitch-black or pitch-broun, glistening, grayish-yellow haired; elytra
pitch-brown or chestnut brovn; posterior margins of the ventral abdominal
joints most often reddish-brown; antennal base, maxillary palpi, and legs
brownish-red. - In teneral animels the brownish color is more predominat-
ing and lighter.

The body is rather narrow and of equal breadth; the head proportio-
nately large, somewhat narrower than pronotum, finely and sparsely punc-
tated; eyes rather small, ovel; antennae long slender, only feebly thick-
ened distally, their second and third joints elongate, nearly of same
length, the next-lf/st ones hardly transverse; pronotum about as broad as
elytra, 1^ times as broad as long with almost smoothly rounded sides,
slightly convex, rather finely and densely punctated; elytca either a
little shorter than pronotum ( spsdicea Er.) or tis long as same (^rocera
Er.) rather densely and robustly scabrously punctated with reclinate -(Page 30)
hair vestiture, their posterior margin Inside the outer corners distinct-
ly tBoarved ; abdomen rather evenly broad, the transversal grooves with
rather dense and robust, elsewhere with fine and scattered punctatlon;
legs very long and slender; hind tarsi fully as long as hind tibiae, their
first joint as long as the following three joints together. L. 4-F.? mm.

This peculler species, which at first glance recalls an Ocalea . Is
according to latest observations Loth from here (E. Fosenberg, author, et.al.)

-33-

(Pa^e 30)

and from Uiddle Europe a steady guest in the underground abodes of moles,

where It presumably chases various smaller parasites: mites, fleas and

the like. It is distributed In Middle Europe, and is found many places in

this country, especially in North SJaelland, most often in mole habitats,

but exceptionally also at humble-bee's nests and under leaves (Brede, Kol-

ding). It is found in England, but heretofore seemingly not in Sweden or

Norway.

4. Subgenus C^ranota Steph.

22. A. ruficornis Jravh.

(Jravh. y.icr. 91; Erichs. vien. Spec. Staph. 170; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
84; Muls. et Rev Br^-vip. 1874, 196; lianglb. Kaf. U. II, 43).

Among our Aleochara species distinguished and recognized by the pecu-
liar sex-characters of the '^^^ .

Light rust-brown or rust-red, glistening, finely and sparsely gray-
ish-yellow haired; the head, base of abdominal Joints snd often also the
middle plane of pronotal dorsum pitch-brown; entonnal base and the legs
reddish yellow.

The head is rather small, at middle with scattered, at sides and pos-
teriorly denser, more robust punctation; eyes small; antennae rather long
and slender, slightly thickened distally, their third Joint distinctly
longer than the second, the next-last ones feebly transverse. Pronotum
about as broad as elytra, 1^ times as broad as long with rather strongly
rounded sides, slightly convex, rather finely and densely punctated; el-
ytra as long as pronotum, very densely and quite robustly scabrously punc-
tated, their posterior margin inside the outer corners distinctly tuourvad

— *^* ■

(Page .-^0)
Abdomen slightly tapering, strongly glistening, the transversal grooves
with robust and rather dense punctation, the joints elsewhere with more
scattered, and especially the hindmost also much finer punctation. L. 5-
7.5 mm.

In the o^ the first free dorsal joint of abdomen posteriorly at middle
with a robust, obliquely hindward directed tooth, the second joint with
a corresponding small granule; the fifth free joint at middle before pos-
terior margin with a short transversal plica, and the dorsal side of the
sixth with granulated punctation.

It varies considerably in size, and iii appearance somewhat i-esembles

a Myrmedonia. It lives on forest ground under leaves and is most often

found in company with roaming ants, namely Formica rufa, however also at

outflowing tree-sap, occasionally in alluvium, is distributed throughout

Middle Europe, but in this country is heretofore found only in southerjT.

Jutland: Wadskov at S;e)nderborg V'l . "'ustnei) and later in Fredsted at Ra-

derslev (7. 1907, J. Andersen). It may presumably also be found in other

places within the region of our fauna.

(Page 31)

5. Subgenus Poly stoma Steph.

23. A. grisea Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II. 96. Kote; I.'.uls. et Rey Br<^vlp. 1874, ]80; C;anglb.
Kaf. M. II, 45. - nitidula Ihoms. Skand. Col. IX, 216).

"Within the subgenus this species is separated from the following two

especially by the distinct though feeble gloss of forebody, and by the

coarse and dense punctation of elytra.

-35-

(Pa^e 31)

jrayish-black, whitish-gray haired; pronotum and elytra moderately,
head and abdomen more strongly glistening; antennae black or brownish;
legs pitch-brcwn with lighter knees and tarsi.

The body is rather narrow and evenly broad; the head at middle smooth,
the sides with coarse not dense punctation, surface very finely transvers-
ally aciculated; antennae rather short, feebly thickened distally, their
third joint as long as the second, the fourth as long as broad, the next-
last two about twice as broad as long. Pronotum is narrower than elytra,
ij times as broad as long, anteriorly roundly narrowing, its dorsum with
rather coarse and not dense punctation, surface very finely reticulated;
its rather sparse, glistening vestiture is from middle-line outwardly di-
rected. Elytra a little longer than pronotum, haired like same, but with
coarser and much denser punctation. Abdomen with more or less fine, scat-
tered punctation. L. 3.5-4.5 mm.

Distributed at all our coasts and not rare on the strand under sea-
weed, and at animal remnants.

24. A. al,;arum Fauv.

(Fauv. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 186?, 92; Muls. et Rey Erevip. 1874, 173;
ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 45. - grisea Thome. Skand. Col. Ill, 48).

Easily idenrified by the entirely dull forebody, and by the scattered
punctation of abdomen.

dray-black, rather finely whitish-gray haired; forebody completely
dull, abdomen very feebly glistening; antennae pjtch-black or brownish;
legs brownish-red, femora often darker.

•36-

(Page 31)
Ordinarily larger and more robust than the preceding spefcies, rather
equally broad and somewhat flatly depressed. The surface of forebody is
especially densely, reticulated sha^reened and entirely dullj sides of the
head with rather isolated and robust punctation, along the middle not punc-
tated, very sparsely haired; antennae short, strongly thickened distally,
their third Joint not fully as long as the second, the fourth transverse,
the next-last ones over twice as brogd as long. Pronotum nearly as broad
as elytra, li times as broad as long v.ith smoothly rounded sides, from

(Page 32)
middle-line outwardly directed sparse hair-vestiture , fine, isolated punc-
tation, the single punctures are encircled by a particularly fine, not
reticulated ring. Elytra a little longer than pronotum, punctated and hair-
ed like same; abdomen evenly broad, fine and scattered punctation, in sur-
face reticulated. L. 4-5 mm.

Eistributed at all cur coasts, but not everywhere common; under sea-
weed and at remains of animals. Also founiJ singly in alluvium at Esrom

*)
lake, about tvjo miles from the strand (author).

25. A. obscurella >ravh.

(Jravh. Mon. 159; Erlchs. Gen. Spec. Staph. 176, Kraatz Ins. D. II,
96; Thomf. Skand. Col. IX, 219; UIuls et Pey Brevip. 1874, 184; ^anglb.
Kaf. LI. II, 46).

In relation to al-Tarum especially recognizeable by the vestlture of
forebody, end by the gloss of abdomen; from _<risea easily separated by
dull forebody and finer punctated elytra.

Jrayish-black; rather coarsely yellowlsh-whlte haired; pronotum and

-37-
*) Danish miles.

(Page 32)
elytra dull, the head with moderate shine, abdomen rather glistening;
antennae pitch-black or pitch-brown; legs brownish-red with lighter
knees and tarsi.

Bather narrow and most often smaller than the preceding species,
the surface of forebody very finely and densely reticulated (chagreened) ,
head feebly glistening, sparsely or simply haired, sides with rather ro-
bust and isolated punctation, along middle-line not punctated; antennae
short and rather robust, their third joint scarcely as long as the second,
the fourth transverse, the next-last ones at least twice as broad as long.
Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, about It times as broad as long,
feebly narrowing anteriorly, ^rather fine and isolated punctation, with
dense and rather coarse, from middle-line outuardly directed hair vesti-
ture ; elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, punctated and haired like
same. Abdomen of e iual breadth, rather robustly and densely punctated.
L. 3-4 mm.

Distributed and not rare on the strand under seaweed and at remnants

of animals. Occasionally together with the preceding species numerously

in fermenting collections of kelp.

2. 7enus. Dlnnrda Mannh.

(?/nnnerh. Prachel. 12; Brichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 373; "Jen. Spec. Staph.
200; ?:raatz Ins. D. II, iC9; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 244; J.VjIs. et Key
Bre'vip. 1B73, €; langlb. Kaf. ¥.. II, 47).

This unique genus, remarkable both in appearance of species and in

their mode of living, is definitely characterized within the group Aloo-

charlnl by the sharp side-ioargin of elytra, which separates It from all

•38-

(Page 32)
other genera of the group.

The body (Fig. 13) is broad and rather flat, posteriorly almost cunei-
form-tapering; head in proportion to pronotum small, with small, a little

(Page 33)
protruding eyes and with margined temples and genae; antennae short, ro-
bust, their middle and next-last joints closely compact.

Pronotum short and very broad, most often broader than elytra, flat-
ened out to the sides, its posterior margin at each side broadly produced
and posterior corners retracted, acute and encircling the humeri; elytra
together broader than long, their dorsal plane separated from the strong-
ly deflected side-margin (side-cover) by a sharp ridge, which begins at
the humeral angle and runs out into the acute, retracted corners, inside
which the posterior margin is sharply ;lnourwed. The first three free dor-
sal abdominal joints are feebly depressed at base, its side-margins are
coarse and broed. The lejs rather short; tarsi fine, all 5-jointed; first
four jOints of fore-tarsi short, together as long as olaw-Joirt; first
joint of hind tarsi longer than the second, shorter than the claw- joint.

The species live exclusively in the mounds of various ants, Formica
species, where they as well as their whitish-yellow, long-haired larvae
feed on the animal offal of the mound, dead ants and pupa-skin. The ants
tolerate them. At the exodus from the mound they follow the ant swarm, and
at winter time seek the dept of the mound together with the ants.

In fc;iddle Kurope 4 species are found, which aro closely allied, and
possibly ere forme of the spmb species; 3 of these are found in this country.

-39-

(Pase 33)
Their various characters are often uncertain and waning, intermediate
forms therefore not infrequent. If one holds that they belong to the
same species, D. dentata iravh. the development seems, namely as far as
size is concerned, to depend on the host ants. The largest form, D. Ltaer-
keli Kiesw. developes and lives with the large wood-ant, Formica rufa,
and its forms, while our smallest form, D. Ha^ensi "^asm. , only occurs
with the much smaller form, exsecte. Also as far as color is concerned,
in Dinarda much correspondance and similarity to the host ants is found,
inasmuch as the individuals which live with Formica rufa and (ruf o-) trunci*
cola are lighter than the individuals which are found with Formica (rufo-)-
cratensis.

Key to Species.

1. Pronotal sides smoothly impressed, its side-margins smoothly rounded.

L. 4.5-5 mm 1. D. Maerkeli Kiesw.

Pronotal sides anteriorly foveated impressed, its sides not smoothly
rounded 2.

2. Antennal next-last Joints (7-10) strongly transverse; pronotal sides

more or less light rust-red. L. 3.r,-4.P, mm.: 2. D. dentata iravh.

Antennal next-leet Joints (7-lo) feebly transverse; pronotal sides

broadly light red* L. 3.5-4 mm 3. D. Hagensi "Vasm.

(Page 34)

1. C. Maerkeli Kiesw.

(Kiesv/. Stett. Bnt. Ztg. 1843, 306; Kraatz Ins. ^.. II, 110; Thorns. Skand,
Col. II, 245; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1874, 10; :;anglb. Kaf. M. II, 49).

Fecognlzed especially by the size, color, and the smooth side-rounding

-40-

(Page 34)
of pronotum.

Pitch-black or pitch-brown, greasy glistening, sparsely yellow-haired;
head entirely dull black; pronotal sides and elytra reddish-brown, often
also abdomen brownish-red; its tip, margins of its joints, antennal base,
and distal joint also the legs rust-red or brownish-yellow.

The largest and most robust species of the genus, anteriorly broad,
and strongly narrowing posteriorly (Fig. 13). Forebody extremely finely,
sparsely short haired, in surface densely shagreened, head proportionate-
ly small, with very dense scabrous punctation, dull, anteriorly flatly im-
pressed; antennae short, robust, their third joint longer than the second,
the middle and next-last ones (6-10) more than twice as broad as long.
Pronotum is very broad, posteriorly broader than elytra, more than twice
as broaa as long, narrowing anteriorly, with smoothly rounded side-mar-
gins without noticeable incurve before the acutely retracted hind corners,
its dorsum with rather robust and dense scabrous punctation, in middle-
line most often slightly grooved, the broad side-planes smoothly hollowly-
impressed. Elytra as long as pronotum, with a little finer punctation than
same; abdomen cuneiform , sparsely long-haired, more glistening than fope-
body:* its foremost free dorsal joints with fine and rather isolated punc-
tation, the surface scarcely visibly reticulated, the hindmost joints
with very scattered punctation, smooth in surface. L. 4.5-5 mm.

It lives in the mounds v^ith Formica rufa and its races: Form, trunci-
cola and Form, pratensis, where it often appears numerously. Observati-
on seems to show/, that its color with the dark form, nratensis is darker

-41.

(Pa-e 34)
than with the lighter colored Form, rufa and truncicola. It is distrib-
uted with the host ants, and especially common in the woods.

2. D. dentata Jravh.

(iravh. Won. 181; Erlchs. Kaf. Mk. Er. I, 374; Jen. Spec. Staph. 201;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 111; Thorns. Skand, Col. II, 244; Muls. et Pey Brevip.
1874, 13; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 49).

From the preceding species, to which it as a whole in form, color and
punctatlon is particularly closely allied, it deviates in the following
minute details:

It is as a rule a little smaller and narrower than Maerkeli, elytra
and pronotal sides most often lighter red, antennae can be a little less
robust, but the next-last joints are however also here twice as broad as
long; pronotal side-planes are a little before the middle as a rule dis-
tinctly foveated impressed; its side-margins not quite smoothly rounded,
bi't v.ith a feeble, yet distinct incurve before the acute, a little out-
wardly directed hind corners. The punctation of pronotum and elytra is
finer and denser than in Maerkell, abdomen a little more distinctly and

also denser punctated, especially posteriorly; (Page 35)

the surface of both anterior and pest-last Joints of abdomen, sufficiently
magnified, very finely, yet distinctly reticulated. L. 3.F)-4.5 mm.

It lives in the mound with Formica san.-'cujnee and in those of this cpe-
cies and the slave-ant Form, fusoa. mixed abodes, is distributed with the
host-ant, but as a whole rare. Its larva is illustrated and described by
E. '"asmann in Entom. Zeitung. ''ien 1889. 160.

3. D. Ha.;ensi Wasm.

-4 2-

(Page 35)

(".'asm. "'ien. Ent. Ztg. 1889, 288; Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. 1894, 279;
Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 50).

Very closely allied to D. dentata. from which it namely is separated
in, that the body is smaller and narro'wer, the color partly lighter, in-
asmuch as the pronotal sides and elytia are light red, - that the antennae
are less robust and their middle and next-last joints feebly transverse,
at most only 1^ times as broad as long, - also that pronotal side-margins
are more unevenly rounded, yet however not distinctly incurved before
the hind corners. L. 3.6-4 mm.

They live in the mounds with Formica exsecta and occur' (accd.to ""as-

mann) only with this species. It is distributed throughout North and Middle

Europe; very rare in this country, and heretofore only found a few times:

Saels;9, Northsjaelland (4. 79. Lpvendal), Lundby Hills at Aalborg (4. 93.auth.).

3. 2enu6 microglossa Kr.

(Kraatz Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1662, 300; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1874, 201
(ex parte; ; Oanglb. Kaf. M. II, 52.- Haploglossa Kraatz Ins. D. II, 78;
Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 281).

The species of Micropclossa are of appearance very similar to Aleochara,
from which genus they inter alia, are separated by the form of the tongue,
normally jointed maxillary- and labial-palpi (Fig. 14) and by the pronotal
not rounded off, but obtuse angular hind corners.

The body is rather plump, anteriorly and posteriorly tapering a little;
the head (Fig. 14) considerably narrower than pronotum, posteriorly not
constricted; eyes mormally large, slightly convex; temples and ^enae mar-
gined; antennae not long, slightly thickened distally; maxillary palpi
Fomewhat short, 4-jointed, th^lr third joint hardly as long as the second.

• 43-

(T-a^e 35)

more or less conical, the fourth small, subuliform. The tongue (Fjj 15)

is small, roundea off at tip, a peculiarity which separates this and.-a

the following ^enus, Grfataraea, from the closest allied, Aleochara, Thi-

asophilH et. al . with split tongue; labial palpi are normally 3-jointed,

Fig. 14. Head of Microglossa pulla Jyllh,
Fig. 15. Tongue of !a'icro„'lo£sa.

Pronotum is posteriorly as broad or nearly as broad as elytra, anter-
iorly feebly narrowing and like the body as a whole without side-bristles;

(Page 36)
its hind corners are obtuse angular and posterior margin inside them at
times slightly incurved; elytra a little longer than pronotum, their pos-
terior margin Inside the outer corners distinctly incurved, the suture
as a rule not margined; abdomen feebly tapering, its first three free
dorsal joints depressed at base, the fifth noticeably longe*- than the
fourth. Legs rather short, fore and middle tibiae at outer margin with
numerous spines; tarsi fine, all 5- jointed, first joint of hind tarsi at
least as long as the two following joints together, as long as the distal
joint or a little shorter than this.

The species live preferably in bird's nests, some also with ants, 6
are distributed in North and Middle Europe, and 4 of these are heretofore
found in this country, a fifth, piclrennio, is included in the following.

Key to Speciec.
1. Head and pronotum with rather fine, more or less isolated punctation;

third Joint of antennae as long as the second or very little short-
er than this 2.

.44-

(Pase 36)

1. Head end pronotum coarsely and densely punctated; third antennal Joint

distinctly shorter than the second 4.

2. Pronotum glistening, entirely black; antennae more or less brownish-

red. L. .'3-4 mm 1. ?/.. .^entlllS Mark.

Pronotum dull or dully glistening 3,

3. Pronotum and ejytra entirely black. I. 3-3.5 ram. : 2. M. picipennis iyllh.
Pronotal hind corners and sides also elytra red or yellowish-red.

L. 3-3.5 mm 3. M. marginal is Jravh.

4. Pronotal punctures separated by intervals as broad as the punctures

themselves; elytra black or darkly brown. L. 2.5-3,5 mm

.4. M. pulla jyllh.

Pronotal punctures very close together, almost without intervals;

elytra red or brownish-red. L. 8.5-3.5 mm.: 5. M. nidicola Fairm.

1. U. gentilis Mark.

(Mark. ierm. Zeitschr. V, 222; Kraatz Ins. Ti. II, 80; f^'uls. et Rey
Brevip. 1874, 204; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 54).

Larger, broader and more convex, also more glistening, namely prono-
tum, than any of the following species, and thereby in connection with
the color easily Identified.

Black, glistening, rather finely and densely haired; elytra brownish-
red, at base and along sides dark, sometimes only brownish posteriorly
nearest the suture; tip of abdomen and posterior margins of its joints
often reddish; antennal base and tip also the legs rust-red.

Head with rather fine, isolated punctution; antennae rather short,
their second and third Joints of equal length, the middle and next-last

-45-

(Page 36)
joints strongly transverse. Pronotnm is posteriorly as broad a£ elytra,
twice as broad as long, narrrowlng anteriorly with obtuse angular hind
corners, and rounded sides, rather convex, finely and densely punctated,
strongly glistening; elytra a little longer than pronotum, more densely
and robustly punctated than this; abdomen rather equally broad, anterior-
ly very densely and rather finely punctated, posteriorly less densely
but more robustly punctated. L. 3-4 mm.

(Page 37)
In the O the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen at middle with scatter-
ed jrranulose punctation.

In bird's nests, preferring apparently owl^ nests, also under leaves
and with ants (Lasius fuli;;inosus). Very rare. (Nyraad at Vordingborg 5.
88, Dyrehaven at Copenhagen 9. 86, Ljeivendal).

2. M. picipennis (Jyllh.

(2yllh. Ins. Suec. IV. 489; Thoms. Opusc. Ent. IV, 373; CJanglb. Kaf.
M. II, 53. - hadrocera Kraatz Ins. D. II, 1056. - taxicornis Muls. et Pey
Bre'vlp. 1874, 188 (Polystoma) . ) .

Identified especially by the color and the very robust antennae, also
by the finely margined suture of elytra, which separates it from the other
species of this genus.

Black with feeble greasy gloss, rather densely short-haired; elytra
occasionally pitch-brownish; antennae pitch-black or brownish, their first
two-three joints brownish-red; legs brownish-red or yellowish-red.

Form and size of the body about same as pulla. but the head somewhat
larger than in this. Thle is rather finely end densely punctated, with

-46-

(Pajje 37)
protruding eyes and short, very robust antennae, of which the third joint
is a little shorter than the second; the fourth strongly transverse, twice
as broad as long, the following outer joint still broader. Pronotam is
a little narrower than elytra, feebly narrowing anteriorly, flatly convex,
finely and densely punctated, feebly glistening or dull, most often with
a large puncture on each side of middle. Elytra a little longer than pro-
notum, hardly denser, but more robustly punctated than this, their suture
on each side finely margined; abdomen almost of equal breadth, densely
and rather finely punctated, the hindmost joints ho»»ever less densely
than the foremost ones. L, 3-3.5 ram.

In the O^ The fifth and sixth free dorsal joints of abdomen rather strong-
ly granulated punctated. (Kraatz, Janglb. and Bernh.).

Is said to occur in Bird's- nests and in company with ants, particu-
larly Lasius brunneus, is very rare in Sweden, Finland, and most of the
regions of Germany; heretofore not found in this country.

3. M. marginal is Jravh.

(aravh. Mon. 161; Thorns. Skend. Col. II, 282; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 54.-
rufipennis Kraatz Ins. D. II, 81; Uuls et Key Brevip. 1874, 207).

Together with the feeble gloss and fine punctation of the forebody,
especially identifiable by the color of pronotum.

Black, v/ith modified or dull gloss, finely haired;pronotal hind cor-
ners more or less broadly, its sides narrowly red; Elytia red darkly shad-
ed around scutellum and on the outer hind corners; tip of abdoiren end pos-
terior margins of its joints reddish; antennae brownish, their first three
joints and the distal joint, also' the legs yellowish-red.

-47-

(Page 36)

The head with fine or rather fine, sotnevhat Isolated punctation, an-
tennae a little longer than head and pronotum together, their third joint
as long as the second, the outer joints (6-10) approximately twice as broad
as long. Pronotura posteriorly as broad as elytra, feebly narrowing anter-
iorly v.ith rounded sides and obtuse angular hind corners, finely and rath-
er densely punctated, in surface finely shagreened; elytra somewhat longer
than pronotum, more robust and densely punctated than this; abdomen almost
equally broad, with rather fine, and especially anteriorly also dense
punctation. L. 3-3.5 mm.

It occurs in company vith ants (Lesius fuliglnosus and brunneus) un-
der leaves or in hollow trees, also in bird's nests. Very rare. In the
forest at Bremersvold, Loll, it was found numerously in a hollow oak in
remnants of an owl's nest, 8. 19C3 (Author, Holstebroe).

4. M. pulla vyllh.

(:)yllh. Ins. Suec. IV, 494; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 355; ^en. Spec.
Staph. 173; Kreatz Ins. D. II, 80; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 282; Uuls. et
Rey Bre'vip. 1674, 210; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 53).

The coarse punctation of head and pronotum, the difference in length
between antennal second and third joints, also the color of elytra are
the main characters of this species.

Black, somewhat glistening, densely and distinctly haired; elytra some-
times brownish; the first three joints and the distal joint of antennae,
also the legs reddish-yellow.

Head coarsely and rather densely punctated; antennae rather short,
their third joint distinctly shorter than the second, the fourth scarcely

-48-

(Page 36)
or only a trifle narrower than the fifth, broader than long, the middle
and next-last ones (5-10) almost of equal breadth, rather strongly trans-
verse. Pronotum posteriorly hardly a? broad as elytra, narroring anterior-
ly with rounded sides and obtuse hind corners, their posterior margin in-
side these very feebly t:B®^'^'"ved , dorsum somewhat convex, coarse, but not
dense punctation, intervale between punctures as broad as the punctures
themselves. Elytra longer than pronotum, more densely, but hardly as coars-
ely punctated as this; abdomen feebly tapering, all over very densely and
rather robustly punctated, somewhat long-haired. L. 2.5-3.5 mm.

In bird's nests, and in hollow trees, vjhere nests have been and fresh
remains of these still are found; more rarely found with ants (Formica rufa)
and in fungi; distributed and not rare, especially in woodland regions.

5. Id. nidicola Fairm.

(Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852, 687; Muls. et Pey Bre'vip. 1874, 213;
Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 5?)

From the preceding species, to which it in form and size is very close-
ly allied, it Is separated especially by the difference in pronotal punc-
tation, and by the color of elytra.

(Page 39)

Black, with modified and distinctly feebler gloss then pu] la, also
finer haired; elytra most often entirely brownish-red, occasionally dark-
ly brown; the first two-three joints and the distal Joint of »ntennae,
also legs yellowish-red.

The head with equally coarse nnd fully as dense punctation as in pull?;
antennal third Joint phorter than the sMCond, but the following outer Joints

-49-

(Page 3?)
(4-10) less strongly transverse than in that species; pronotum with die*
tinctly denser punctation, its punctures, especially at middle, very
close together, without or almost without intervals; the punctation of
elytra and abdomen also distinctly finer and denser than in pulla, and
dorsum thereby as a whole, especially however of head and pronotum^ much
less glistening. L. 2.5-3.5 mm.

It is a permanent guest of the bank swallow, Hirundo riparia L., at
their occupied or resently vacated nests in sand banks it often is found
numerously, both in the nests, together with bird fleas, and at the en-
trance of the nest or right outside of it.

The reason for, that this and other Mlcroglossa species seek bird's

nests is evidently this, that they there find suitable nourishment for

themselvee and their larvae. 7,'hether the nourishment consists of offal

from the nest, dirt, blood and the like, or from the bird's and nest's

other parasites. Is not yet determined.. It is rather remarkable that

while pulla, mar.^clnalis, and pretty surely also gentiles preferably choose

those in hollow trees established nests, nidicola holds exclusively to

that of the bank swallow.

4. Janus Crataroea Thorns.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. IPEB, 34; Skand. Col. II, 282; Janglb. Kaf.
M. II, 54, - MicrO:;lossa. subg. Grataraea Muls. et Pey Brevip. 1874, .?C4).

Very closely allied to Mlcroglossa Kr. , from which it by Thomson is

separated, and to which it occasionally ie treated as subgenus (K'ulsant).

In Grataraea the difference consists namely in, that the body is more e-

qually broad, and the third joint in maxillary palpi is more slender than

-50-

(Page 39)
in Micro;glossa; the fore- and middle-tibiae ere not spiniferous, but on-
ly finely haired, and the fourth and fifth free dorsal Joints of abdomen
are of equal J,ength.

Only one European species is known, which is widely distributed and
also found in this country; contrary to staphylinids in general i^ lives
more in houses than In the open.

1. C. suturalis Mannh.

(Mannh. Brach. 82; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 283; Muls. et Rey Brevip.
1874, 216; :>anslb. Kaf. M. II, 55. - praetexta Erichs. Kaf. M. Br. I,
361; Jen. Spec. Staph. 176; Krautz Ins. T. II, 82).

Besides by the form of body, and other above mentioned jeneric char-
acters, especially identified by short pronotum and color of elytra.

Blach or pitch-brown, somewhat glistening, finely yellowish -gray hair-
ed; elytral suture and posterior margin red; tip of abdomen, most often

(Page 40)
also posterior margins of its Joints, antennae, mouth-parts, and legs red-
dish-yellow.

The head is proportionately large, however somewhat narrower than pro-
notum, with especially fine and scattered or scarcely detectable puncta-
tion; antennae short, their third Joint shorter than the second, the fol-
lowing outer joints (4-10) rather strongly transverse and nearly of equal
breadth. Pronotum is short, as broad as elytra, more than twice as oroad
as long, feebly narrowing anteriorly with rounded sides and almost rect-
angular hind corners, slightly convex, isolated and very fine punctation.
In the O with a flat, occasionally double impression at middle posterior-
ly; elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, with rather dense and fine, feeb-

-51-

(Page 40)
le scabrous punctation; abdomen equally broad and as broad as forebody,
the foremost dorsal joints with rather fine and dense, the last ones with
more isolated punctation. L. 2.5-3 mm.

It lives mainly indoors, especially in old belfteries, mills, wood-sheds,
cellars and barns in offal, also in beehives, which are not kept clean,
in hollov; trees with ants (Lasius f uli.i^inosus) ; more rarely found on for-
est :^round under leaves and in old bunches of hay (author). Distributed,
but as a whole rare.

5. 5enus Thiasophila Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 69; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 245; Muls. et Pey Brp'-
vip. 1874, 383; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 86).

Body rather plump and of equal breadth, posteriorly a little tapering,
slightly convex, finely haired; the head much narrower than pronotum, not
constricted behind; eyes not large, nor protruding, temples and genae mar-
gined; antennae rather short and robust, their outer joints (4-lC) not
barbated, very compact, a peculiarity which especially seems developed
in staphylinids, which like the species of this genus are rayrmeoophile
and firm mound-dwellers. Maxillary palpi rather slander, their last joint
subulate and much shorter than the next-last; the three joints of labial
palpi about of same length; the tongue narrow and cleft (Fig. 16).

Pronotum at least as broad as elytra, its posterior margin on each si-
de distinctly produced and posterior corners thereby prominent, almost
rectangular; elytra very little longer than pronotum, their posterior mar-
gin inside the outer corners distinctly ^nourved, abdomen of equal breadth
with forebody, only tapering frem the last two or three joints; its first

-52-

(Page 40)
three free dorsal joints feebly depressed at base, the fourth as lon^ as
the fifth; the le^s rather slender; ell tarsi 5-jointed; first joint of
hind tarsi shorter than the following two joints together, much shorter
than the claw-joint.

The whole existence of the species seems closely connected with certain
ant species, and the life in their mounds. They are not found, or only
casually outside the mounds. Observations indicate that they here assist
in destroying animal offal, which constitutes their main nourishment.
The ants tolorate them, and rarely attack them, notwithstanding they run

(Page 41)
about in the densest ant-crowd; when the ants move, the Thiasophjla wander
along with them. Their red- and blackish-brown color harmonizes well viith
that of the ant-hosts.

In Middle and North Europe about 3 species are distributed, which are
much alike. They are also found in this country.

Key to Species.

1. Antonnal outer joints (6-10) feebly transverse, only li times as broad

as long 2.

Antennal outer joints (6-10) strongly transverse, twice as broad as
long. L. 2.5 mm 3. T. inguilina Mark,

2. Antennal third Joint longer than the second, pronotum dull. L. :? mm.

1. T. annulate Er.

Antennal third joint only as long as the second; pronotum glistening.
L. P-P.5 mm 2. T. canaliculata Muls.

-53-

(Page 41)

1. T. ari.";ulata Er.

(Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 360; Gen. Spec. Staph. 17^; Kraatz Ins. P.
II, 7Ci Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 246; Muls. et Key Bre'vip. 1674, 386; ;anglb.
Kaf. M. II, 86).

Lighter or darker reddish-brown ttnt<i blackish-brown; the head and most
often also the margins of the abdominal middle-joints nearly black; tip
of abdomen, antennal base and tip reddish yellow; legs rust-red. Fore-
body finely and sparsely haired, the surface very densely shagreened, greas-
ily dully glistening; abdomen glistening, sparsely and rather long haired.

Head rather finely and densely punctated; antennae not strongly thick-
ened distally, their third joint distinctly longer than the eecond, the
middle and last joints compact, not articulated, feebly transverse, only
1^ times as broad as long. Pronotum posteriorly as broad as elytra, twice
as broad as long, narrowing anteriorly with slightly rounded sides and
almost rectangular hind corners, posterior margin inside these feebly, yet
distinctly Incurved, dorsum smoothly convex, the densely shagreened surface
rather finely and densely punctated, often with a feeble groove in middle-
line, and a slight transversal impression posteriorly parallel with pos-
terior margin, cilytra a little longer than pronotum, dense and rather dis-
tinct scabrous punctation; abdomen anteriorly finely and rather densely
punctated, posteriorly somewhat more robust, but more scattered punctation.
L . 3 mm.

Common and often numerous in the mounds with Formica rufa and pratensl s.
"^ith the latter dark colored forest-ant ti.e color of T. an.Tulata is darker,
more blackiBh-bro*n than with tb* lifhter Formleo. rufa.

-54.

(Page 41)
2. 1. canalJculata Muls.

(Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1874, 390; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 87).

Only about half as large as angulata, also of more even breadth and
narrower, otherwise especially identified by gloss of head and pronotuni,
which in comparison with the preceding species is quite pronounced.

(Page 42)

Black or brownish black, finely haired; head, pronotum and abdomen
rather ^listening; pronotal hind corners occasionally reddish; elytra
li^ht brownieh-red, the sides often brownish black; abdomen brownish-red
with yellowish-red tip, its middle joints black at base; antennae, max-
illary palpi, and legs reddish-yellow.

Head end pronotum are considerably finer punctated than in angulata,
the surface indistinctly shagreened, therefore sjlistening; antennae feeb-
ly thickened distally, their third joint not longer than the second, the
outer joints (€-10) feebly transverse, 1^ times as broad as long, not ar-
ticulate. Pronotum as broad as elytra, but somewhat narrower than in ari-
g;ulata, only 1^ times as broad as long, more convex than in that species,
feebly grooved in middle-line, its posterior margin inside hind corners
hardly produced; elytra with distinct and rather dense scabrous puncta-
tlon; abdominal punctatlon same as in anf^ulata. I. 2-2. E mm.

Distributed in Middle Europe, and lives exclusively in the mounds of
Formica exsecta; very rare in thip country, and heretofore only found a
few times (Brede and Saelso in Northsjaelland , 4. 70 and 5. 74 Lpvendal).

3. T. injuilina Mark.

(Mark. Jerm. Zeitschr. V, 323; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 71; Muls. et Rey

-55-

(Page 42)
Brivip. 1874, 393; 3anglb. Kaf. M. II, 87).

Much like an^^ulata, but a little smaller, with more robust antennae
and broader pronotum.

Black or brownish black; elytra brownish-red, around scutellum and
on hind corners sometimes dark; abdominal tip reddish-yellow; antennal
base and tip, mouth-parts and the le^s rust-red. Forebody finely haired,
ground-surface densely shagreened, jreasy dully-jlistening , abdomen with
Somewhat longer vesititure &vA more glistening.

Forebody more densely and also more robustly punctated than in an^ulata;
antennae strongly thickened distally, their second and third joints of same
length, the middle and next-last ones twice as broad as long, not articu-
late. Pronotum posteriorly amply as broad as elytra, more than twice as
broad as long, its posterior margin inside corners distinctly incUpved und
these thereby prominent. Abdomen fully as densely punctated as in angulata.
L. 2.5 mm.

Accordinj to U. Bernhauer (Staphyliniden d. palaarkt. Fauna p. 34) the
fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen in the ^with a stron-; longitudinal
carina , and at middle of the sixth joint with e small granule; posterior
margin of the sixth joint is truncated end finely notched. As I have on-
ly seen a few specimens of the species, which furthermore all apparently
were QQ . I am not in position to verify this; other authors; Kraatz,
5anglbauer, et. al. give no description of the sex-characters of th'. C .

It lives with Laslus fuli^lnosus in hollow trees ani stubs, but is
seemingly very rare Ir this country, heretofore fonnr: only in a few places
in SJaelland (tonse, Rlllerpd, :<<fge). By more exact investigation it would
quite surely be denoted in other parts of the country.

-56-

(Pa^e 43)

6. Jenus Stlcho.^lossa Fairm.

(Fairm. Fn. Fr. I, 442; 3anglb. Kaf. M. II, 88.- Stenoglossa Kraatz
Ins. r. II, 55; Muls. et Key Brevip. 1874, 399. - tJexiogya Thorns. Skand
Gol. II, 277; Muls. et Pey Brevip. 1874, 39P; Tanglb. Kaf. M. II, 88.-
Ischno^lossa Kraatz Ins. D. II, 56; Thorns, Skand. Col. II, 273; Muls. et
Rey Brevip. 1874, 395; Janslb. Kaf. M. II, 88).

Besides the likeness in construction of the mouth-parts this genus
has this in common with Thiasophia, that the head is not constricted be-
hind, and that the first Joint of hind tarsi is shorter than the claw-
joint. But in Sticho.'^lossa the body is slenderer, more convex, and most
often more rfilisteninj than in the preceding genus; antennal outer joints
(6-10) are not compact, but rather open jointed; hind corners of prono-
tum are less pronounced, obtuse-anf^ulgr; first three-four free dorsal
joints of abdomen are more deeply depressed at base, and the first three
ventral joints are feebly, yet distinctly impressed or transversally
grooved at base.

The species live under bark of trees and stubs, which are attacked
by bark beetles, at outflowing tree sep, and one single species in compa-
ny with ants.

Of the three species, which are found distributed in forth and Midd-
le Europe, and which also belong to our fauna, one, semirufa, is by Kraatz
referred to genus Stenoglossa, the two others, corticina and prolixa, to
Ischno.^loGSB ; of these latter, corticina 1g by ihomson treated as a sepa-
rate genus, Dexlo.gya. The separating characters are however not import-
ant, and permits very well that all three species be placed under Sticho-
glossa, but each In its subgenus.

Key to Subgenera and Species.

(Page 43)

1, J/iexillary palpi rather thick. Abdominal fifth free dorsal joint in

the O with a longitudinal carina at middle posteriorly: 1. subg.
Stichoglossa s. str.- Pronotum and elytra vivid red. L. 2.5-3.5

mm 1. St. semirufa Er.

Maxillary palpi rather slender. Abdominal fifth free dorsal joint in
the O without carinas 2.

2. Abdominal first four free dorsal joints depressed at base; pronotum

narrower than elytra; 2. subgenus Ischno^lossa Kr. - Body glist-
ening. L. 3-2.5 mm 2. St. prolipca :Jrsvh.

Abdominal first three free dorsal joints depressed at base; pronotom
as broad as elytra: 3. subgenus I<exio.^ya Thorns. - Body dull or

feebly glistening. L. 2-3 mm 3. St. corticina Er.

1. Subgenus Sticho.^lossa s. str.
1. St. semirufa Erlchs.

(Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 128; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 56; f.'uls. et Rey
Bre'vlp. 1874, 3P9; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 88).

Together with the chareotere of the subgenus recoejnized by the color.

Deeply black, strongly glistening, sparsely haired; pronotum and el-

(Page 44)

ytra vivid red; the head sometimes darkly red; antennae, mouth-parts, and

legs red or yellowish-red.

Body of rather e^ual breadth or feebly tapering posteriorly; the head

much narrower than pronotum, very fine and scattered punctetion; antennae

rather robust, their second and third joints of same length, the middle

and next-last jolntB (5-10) ehort, twice as broad as long, Pronotum pos-

-58-

(Page 44)
teriorly nearly as broad as elytra, l| times as broad as long, narrow-
ing anteriorly with rounded sides and obtuse angular hind corners, convex,
with very fine isolated punctation, with a small transversal foveae an-
teriorly before the scutellum; elytra a little longer than pronotum, rath-
er densely and finely punctated, their posterior margin inside the cuter
corners strongly J;neurved; abdomen almost of equal breadth, with sparse
and rather Ions hair vestiture, at sides rough-haired with many side-brist-
les, anteriorly rather robust and dense, posteriorly more scattered punc-
tation. r'irst joint of hind tarsi short, only half as long as the claw-
joint. L. 2.5-3.5 mm.

In the o the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen at middle posterior-
ly with a rather strong longitudinal carina, and the sixth often with a
feebler one, furthermore the posterior margin of the sixth joint is very
finely notched.

Very rare everywhere in Middle Europe. In this country a single speciaen
(o) is found in gnaw-crumblings in a hollow beech in Dyrehaven at Copenha-
gen (S8. 4. 191?. E. Fosenberg), an other (o ), supposedly also from Nord-
sjaelland, but of an older date, in in the author's collection. In Middle
Europe it is found in company with ants (Lasius f uliginosus) , hut also under
bark of trees and at outflowing tree«ap. In North Europe it is hereto-
fore not discovered.

2. Subgenus Ischno^lossa Rr.
2. St. prollxa Jravh.

(liravh. i;icr. 71; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 35?; ;en. Spec. Staph. 155;

(Page 44)

Kraatz Ins. E. II, 58; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 274; Muls. et Bey Br.^vip.
1874, 4C2; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 89.- var. rufo-plcea Kraatz- Ins. D. II, 59;
Thorns. Skand. Gol. IX, 226).

Next to those for the subgenus determining characters this species is,
in relation to the following, identifiable especially by the color and gloss
of the body.

Glistening, finely haired; most often yellowish-red; the head and a
bahd before the reddish-yellow tip of abdomen pitch-brown or pitch-black;
antennae, mouth-parts, and legs reddlsh-yellov. In a darker form var.
rufo-picea Kr. , the pronotal posterior margins nearly pitch-brown and the
elytra brownish-red, darkly shaded around scutellum and at posterior cor-
ners.

Body rather narrov;, somewhat tapering anteriorly and posteriorly; the
head very finely punctated, somewhat narrower than pronotura; antennae slight-
ly thickened distally, their third joint a little shorter than the second,
the next-last ones twice as broad as long, pronotum distinctly narrower than
elytra, Ij times as broad as long, feebly narrowing anteriorly with slight-
ly rounded sides, _-_---_ (Page 45) deflected fore-
corners and obtuse-angular hind corners, convex, finely, but not densely
punctated, most often with a feeble transversal fovea before scutellum.
Elytra amply '/^ longer than pronotum, rather robust and dense scabrous punc-
tation, their posterior margin Inside the outer corners shortly incurved;
abdomen tapering posteriorly, its fourth free dorsal Joint depressed at
base together with the first three, Lut hardly as deeply as these; the
three foremost dorsal Joints rather robustly and densely punctated, the

-60-

(Page 45)

following with more scattered punctation. First Joint of hind tarsi is

somewhat shorter than the claw-Joint. L. 3-3.5 mm.

In forests under bark of deciduous and pinacious trees, which are

attacked by bark-beetles, also at outflowing treesap; rare and somewhat

local.

3. Subgenus Dexio.sya Thorns.

3. St. corticina Er.

(Erlchs. Kaf. Mk. 5r. I, 351; (Jen. Spec. Staph. 153; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 59; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 278; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1874, 406; Janglb.
Kaf. M. II, 88).

Identified especially by the proportionately large smoothly convex
pronotum, which, together with the feeble, dull gloss and gray vestiture
of the body, produce in this species a likeness with an Oxypoda.

Peddish-brown or brownish-red, dull or feeble pjloss, finely and rath-
er densely haired; the head and a baud before the reddish-yellow tip of
abdomen black or pitch-black; antennae, mouth-parts and le^s yellowish-
red.

The body is narrow, broadest across pronotum; the head considerably
narrower than pronotum, with fine, isolated punctation, somewhat glist-
ening; antennae rather long, feebly thickened distally, their third joint
approximately as long as the second, the next-last about twice as broad
as long. Pronotum is back of middle as broad as elytra, more than 1^ times
as broad as long, mor^ tapering anteriorly than posteriorly, with rounded
sides and distinct, obtuee-angular hind corners, their posterior margin
inside these very flatly produced, dorsum smoothly convex, finely and dens-
ely punctated. Elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, with dense and dis-

-61-

(Page 45)
tinct scabrous punctation, their posterior margin inside the outer cor-
ners inourved. Abdomen rather equally broad or posteriorly somewhat ta--
perlng, its three foremost dorsal Joints depressed at base, densely end
rather robustly punctated, the hindmost with more scattered punctation.
First joint of hind tarsi distinctly shorter than the claw-joint. L. 2-
3 mm.

In the 5^the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen (Fig 16) posteriorly
curtailed and the margin very finely dentate, most often with one, a little
longer, acute tooth in each posterior corner.

tinder bark of stubs and trunks of deciduous and pinacious trees, which
are infested with bark -beetles; but rare and local. Distributed through-
out Middle and North Europe.

(Page 46)
7. Jenus Dasy.^lossa Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 130; r/uls. et Rey Brevip. 1874, 220; 3anglb. Kaf.
l\. II. 56).

From following genus, Oxypoda, from which it by Kraatz is separated

Dasyi^loBsa deviates mainly in, that the tip of mandibles are cleft, and

that the middle-tarsal first joint is as long as the following three joints

together. In Oxypoda most often very little longer than the second. -

Only 1 species.

1. D. prospera 5r.

(Erichfi. Oen. Spec. Staph. 14:!; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 131; Muls. et Pey
Bre'vip. 1874, 222; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 57).

Rather equally broad, finely ^rayish-jlistenii-'g haired, extremely fine

and dense punctation. dull or dully glistening; lighter or darker reddish-

-62-

(Page 46)
brown; head and abdomen blackish-brown; pronotal sides, elytral humeri,
abdominal tip and posterior narsins of joints most often brownish-red;
antennae and le2E yellowish-red.

It resembles Oxypoda opaca 5ravh. , but is more evenly broad; prono-
tum more transverse, its hind corners entirely rounded off; abdomen is
but feebly tapering. L. 3-4 mm. (of. Kraatz).

Distributed throughout Middle Europe and »a4 the northern part of
Pussia, on damp ground, heretofore however not found in this country;
but is likely to be eiieounteredi hereaeiid is thereforeihet^ briefly de-
scribed.

8. Jenus Oxypoda Mannh.

(Mannh. Brach. 69; Erichs. Kstf. Mk. Br. I, 342; Gen. Spec. Staph.
141; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 158; Muls. et Fey Brevip. 1B74, 225; IJanglb. Kaf.
M. II, 57).

Though the Oxypoda present many differences in size, form, color,
length of antennae and elytra etc. in most species however a certain un-
mistakeable generic habitus prevails. This appears especially in, that
the body is particularly finely, densely punctated, and with silky glis-
tening hair vestlture, that pronotum is proportionately large, broadly
and smoothly convex, that abdomen often is strongly tapering, and that
the tarsi are slender.

The body differs, sometimes it is fusiform, end then again of more
e^ual breadth, the head not constricted behind, temples and genae margin-
ed, eyes hardly prominent, antennae differ much in length and thickness,
their third joint either longer or shorter then thw second, more raroly
as long as this. Mandibles robust, one of tliem on Inner side with a small

■63-

(Page 46)
tooth, maxillary palpi differently elongated, their third joint some-
times long (sub:^enus Baeo;;lena), the fourth always fine and subuliform;
mentum (Fij, 17) i c broadly trapeziform, the tongue deeply cleft at tip
(Fi^. 18); labial palpi fine and short.

(Page 47)

Pronotum broadly and smoothly convex, without eide bristles, posteri-
orly most often as broad as the elytra, occasionally broader and \^ith a
larger dorsal plane than these (subg. Sphenoma) , its hind corners mere
or less rounded off. Elytra as a rule longer than pronotum, rarely short-
er than this (subg. Bessopora) , their posterior margin inside the outer
corners most often strongly tnourvad , Abdomen in most of the species
rather strongly tapering, in several however nearly of equal breadth (subg.
Femosoma) , its dorsum is, on account of a most often especially dense and
fine punctation, rather dull, ordinarily distinctly silky glistening hair-
ed, and only exceptionalely v^ithout outstanding side-bristles; its first-
three free dorsal Joints are depressed at base, the fifth longer than the
the fourth. Legs slender, hind tarsi sometimes as long as tibiae (subg.
Oxypoda s. str.), all tarsi 5-Jointed, first joint of middle-tarsi ie most
often only a little longer than the second, first Joint of hind tarsi as
long as the two or throfc following joints together, longer than the claw-
joint.

The Oxypoda abide mostly on damp ground, a few live in ent hills,
many seek fungi, very few ppecles are found on high, dry sandy ground.

Fully fifty species are distributed through twiddle and North Europ"?,

-64-

(Page 47)
and of these about half that number are heretofore found in this country.
In the following a couple of species from our nearest neighbouring con-
tries are briefly described, as they perhaps may also occur here.

The genus Oxypoda is divided (accd.to Thomson, Mulsant et Fey et. al»)
into several subgenera, but the dividing characters are not always equal-
ly distinct, and determinations therefore sometimes -^uite difficult.
Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. Antennae peculiarly robustly developed, furthermore so long, that

they reach almost to the posterior margin of elytra, their third
joint most often a little shorter than the second, the next-last

hardly transverse: 2. subg. Disochara Thorns 2.

Antennae normal, either slender and feebly thickened distally, or

short and with more or less strongly transverse outer joints. ; 3.

2. Elytra longer than pronotum, which is a little narrower than these.

L. 3-4 mm 7. 0. lon^luscula Jravh.

Elytra not longer than pronotum, which is a little broader than these.
L. 3-4 mm 8. 0. obscura Kr.

3. Antennal third Joint most often longer than the second, at least as

long as this; antennae slender, pronotum shorter, itnd not broader
than elytra and with smallor dorsum than these. Rather large spe-
cies. L. 4-6.5 mm.: 1. subg. Oxypoda s. str. Wuls 4.

Antennal third joint shorter than the second, more rarely of same

length, but pronotal dorsum then larger than dorsum of elytra. : 9.

4. Abdomen all over very densely punctated 5.

-65-

(Pa^je 47)
4. . .Abdominal last two-three joints with scattered punctation and stron-
ly glistening. L- 4.5 mm 6. 0. lateralis Mannh.

5. First joint of hind tarsi as long as the following two joints to-

gether 6.

First joint of hind tarsi as long as the following three joints to-
gether 7.

(Page 48)

6. Anternal fourth joint nearly twice as long as broad, the middle and

next-last ones at least as long as broad; hind tarsi as long as

tibiae. L. 6-6.5 mm 1, 0. ruficornis Jyllh.

Antennal fourth joint a little longer than broad, the middle and

next-last ones as broad as long; hind tarsi longer than tibiae.
L. 4-4.5 mm 3. 0. longipes Muls.

7. Antennal fourth and fifth joints longer than braad, elytra livid

yellow, around scutellum and at hind corners dark. L. 4-3 mm,.

2. 0. lividipennis Mannh.

Antennal fourth and fifth joints as broad as long..... 8.

8. Elytra 1^ times as long ab pronotum, darkly brown with yellow oblique

stripe. L. 4-5 mm 4, 0. vittata Mark.

Klytra only a little longer then pronotum, rather unicolorous dark-
ly brown. L. 4-4. r. mm 5. 0. opaca Iravh.

S. Abdomen rather evenly broad; antennae strongly thickened distally,
their third joint distinctly shorter than the second, the next-
lest strongly transver'-e 81.

-66-

(Page 48)

9. Abdomen tapering, more rarely of almost e'^ual breadth, but the an-

tennae then rather slender, and their next-last joints feebly
transverse 10.

10. Pronotal dorsum smaller than that of elytra, inasmuch as these are

either longer or broader than pronotura , 11,

Pronotum large, its dorsum larger than that of elytra, inasmuch as

it is either broader or longer than these: 6. subg. Sphenoma Mannh.
13.

11. Abdominal first three free dorsal joints only feebly depressed at

base. Head not strongly porrect 12,

Abdominal first three free dorsal joints strongly depressed at base.
Head strongly porrect: 5. subg. Mycetodrepa Thorns, - Pronotum

narrower and much shorter than elytra. L. 3-4 mm

16. 0. alternans ^ravh,

12. I/iaxillary palpi not strongly elongated, their third joint shorter than

the first two antennal joints together: 3. subg. Podoxya Muls,

et Rey 13,

t/.axlllary palpi peculiarly elongated, their third joint at least as

long as the first two antennal joints together, (Fag. 2C) : 'l.subg,

Baeojlena Thome.- Species unicolorous yellow, small. L. l.rj-2

mm 15. 0. praecox Er,

13. Abdomen with all over dense and fine punctation 14.

Abdomen with scattered punctation toward tip. Species small. L. 1,5

-2 mm 13, 0. exi^u-i Er .

-67.

(Page 48)

14. Pronotura short and broad, about twice as broad as long, fiolor of

body black. L. 2,5 mm 10. 0. lentula Sr.

Pronotum only ih times as broad as lon^ 15.

15. Body rather equally broad, black. Elytra hardly longer than pronotum.

L. 3-4 mm 9. 0. funebrls Kr.

Abdomen distinctly tapering 16.

16. Pronotum blackieh-brown or black with lighter sides 17.

Pronotum reddish-yellow or brownish-yellow. Elytra most often darkly

livid yellow. L. 2.5 mm 14. 0. exoleta Er.

17. Antennae slender, feebly thickened distally. L. 3.5 mm

11. 0. humidnla Kr.

Antennae rather robust and rather strongly thickened distally. L.2.5

-3 mm 12. 0. umbrata iyllh.

13. Abdomen toward the tip with rather scattered or isolated punctation. : 19,

Abdomen all over v.ith especially dense and fine punctation 20.

IP. Elytra distinctly shorter than pronotum. Abi^.omen anteriorly not dens-
ely punctated. L. 2.5-3 mm 17. 0. planipPrinis Thorns.

Elytra almost as long as pronotum. Abdomen anteriorly very densely

punctated. L. 3.5-4 mm 18. 0. to£:ata Sr.

20. Abdomen distinctly tapering. Pronotum and elytra yellowish-red, but

often with darkly, livid reflection. L. 3-3.5 mm

19. 0. abdoroinalis Mannh.

Abdomen feebly tapering. Pronotum and elytra brownish-red. L. 4 mm.
20. 0. rufa Kr.

•68-

(Page 49)

21. Elytra at least as long as pronoturc: 7. sub^. Semosoma Thorns, i ... 22.
Elytra noticeably or distinctly shorter than pronotum: 8. subg. Besso-

pora Th om s 26 .

22. Abdominal side-margins peculiarly thick, hind corners of pronotum

obtuse-angular. L. 2.5-3 mm 21. 0. testacea Sr.

Abdominal side-margins not peculiarly thick, hind corners of pronotum

rounded off 23.

(Page 49)

23. Abdomen anteriorly not with dense, end toward tip scattered punctation,

body yellow or brownish-yellow, the head and a htMH. before abdom-
inal tip dark. L. 2-"?. 5 mm 22. 0. re'-iondita Kr.

Abdomen anteriorly very densely, toward tip somewhat less densely

punctated 24.

24. Pronotum twice as broad as long. L. 2.5 mm 23. 0. f ormice ticola Mark.

Pronotum at most 1^ times as broad as long 25.

25. Antennae pitch-black vyith reddish-yellow base, rather robust, their

next-last Joints about twice as broad as long. L. 2-2.5 mm

24. 0. haemorrhoa I/annh.

Antennae entirely yellowish-red, very robust, their next-last Joints

three times as broad as long (Fig. 21). L. 2-2.5 mm

25. 0. amoena Fairm.

26. Elytra with distinct scabrous punctation. L. 1.5-2 mm

28. 0. hrachyptera Steph.

Elytrp with simple punctptlon 27.

■69-

(Page 49)
87. Antennal next-last joints more than twice as broad as long. L. 2-2. F.

mm 26. 0. ?nnuloris Monnh.

Antennal next-last joints only ih tines as broad as long. L. 2 mm:
27. 0. soror Thorns.

1. Subgenus Oxypoda s. str. Muls. et Key.

1. ruf icornis 'Jyllh.

('Jyllh. Ins. Suec. II, 422; Erichs. 3en. Spec. Staph. 142; Kraatz Ins.

D. II, 161; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 17; finis, et Rey Brevip. 1874, 230.-

spectabllis Mark. Jsru!. Zeitschr. V, 217; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 162; Janglb.

Kaf. M. II, 61).

A handsome, considerable species, largest of the genus, easily identi-
fied by the size, form and color.

Rather evenly broad, pitch-black or pitch-brov.n, very finely gray-hair-
ed, modulated, silky shine; pronotal side-margins most often yellowish-
brov*n; elytra, tip of abdomen, and posterior margins of its joints brown-
ish-yellow; base of elytra around scutellum often, more rarely also their
poFterlor corners dark; antennae rust-red or pitch-black, their base, and
the legs reddish-yellow.

The head is much narrower then pronotutc, finely and densely punctated;
antennae slender and much longer than the head and pronotum together, their
third joint longer than the second, the fourth nearly twice as long as broad,
the next-last ones at least as long es broad, distal joint long-tapering.
Pronotum slightly and smoothly convex, posteriorly hardly nurrower than
elytra, 1'/^ times as broad as long, feebly, roundly narrowing anteriorly,
densely and very finely punctated with a small transversal fovea before

.70-

(Pa-e 4c)
Ecutellum, occasionally also feebly grooved in middle-line; elytra '/^ long-
er than pronotuD, more distinctly and densely punctated than this, their
posterior margin inside the outer corners strongly incurved; abdomen al-
most of equal breadth or only tapering posteriorly, all over extremely
finely and densely punctated with distinct silky gloss. Kind tarsi long,
as long as tibiae, their first Joint as long as, or some-Ahat longer than
the two following joints together. L. 6-^.5 mm.

0. spectabilis US'rk. is a developed, darkly colored variation of
ruf icornis, in which the elytra has a mutual, large triangular, black
spot on base and along the suture, the outer hind corners are dark, and
first joint of the antennae nearly pitch-black, tip of abdomen, and pos-
terior margins of its joints are reddish-brown.

(Page 50)

0. ruficornis is distributed, but rather rare in forests, groves and
gardens, under semi-damp, deep leaf mould, or at fungi, in hollov. trees
and like places. The dark variation, which namely is said to occur in com-
pany with the black ant, Lasiue fuliginosus, is very rare.

2. 0. livlQlpennis Mannh.

(Mannh. Erach. 70; Thorns. Skand. Col, III, 18; WuIb. et Pey Er^vip.
1874, 237; ;anglb. Kaf. M. II, 62. - luteipennis Erichs. Kaf. I.!k. Br. I,
343; ien. Spec. Staph. 143; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 162).

It bears considerable likeness v;ith ruficornis (var. spectabilis) ,

but is somewhat smaller, more flwtly convex, anteriorly and posteriorly

moro t'tpe'lng; the color of elytra is more livid, antennae, and especially

hind tarsi distinctly shorter.

-71-

(Paje 50)

Rather fusiform and flatly convex. Pitch-black or pitcii-brown, finely
haired, with feeble silky gloss, pronotal sides and posterior margins of
abdominal joints brownish-red, elytra livid yellov;, around scutellurn, at
suture, sides and hind corners obliterated darkly shaded or dark, antennal
base, mouth-parts and legs reddish yellov;.

The several parte of the body are punctated as In ruf icornis; anten-
nae slender and rather long, their third joint fully as long as the second,
the fourth and fifth longer than broad, the next-last ones about as broad
as long, distal joint long-tapering. Pronotum is posteriorly not fully as
broad as elytra, anteriorly distinctly narrowing, dorsum flatly convex with
a more or less distinct fovea before scutellurn, and often a feeble groove
in the middle-line; elytra about '/^longer than pronotum, somewhat flat,
feebly broadened posteriorly, their posterior margin inside the outer cor-
ners strongly incurved; tiLdomen smoothly tapering, more silky glistening
than the fore-tody; hind tarsi a little shorter than tibiae, their first
Joint as long as the three following joints together. L. 4-5 mm.

Distributed under leaves, in leaf mould, at rotting plant-v.'aste , and

in fungi.

3. 0. lonfTJpes Muls. et Rey.

(MuIb. et hey Op. Ent, XII, 1861, 102; Brevip. 1874. 234; Janglb. Kaf.
I'l. II, €?.. - metatarsalis Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 246).

Recogni zeable especially by the peculiarly long,, fine hind torsi, which
are longer then tibiae; otherwise much like the following species.

Father narrowly fusiform. Pitch-black or black, finely silken haired,
feebly glistening; elytra brownish-yellow v<ith darkly shaded sides and a

■7 2-

(Page 5C)
blackish spot around scutellum and along the suture; pronotal sides, tip
of abdomen end posterior margins of its Joints, also antennal base most
often brownish-red; legs reddish yellov;.

(Page 51)
Forebody very finely and densely punctated; antennae slender, their
third joint longer than the second, the fourth a little longer than broad,
the next-last ones as long as broad, distal Joint long. Pronotum posteri-
orly about as broad as elytra, roundly narrowing anteriorly with obtuse
angular hind corners, slightly convex, with a feeble fovea before scutel-
lum, and sometimes a fine longitudinal groove in middle-line; elytra I'/s
times as long as pronotum, their posterior margin inside the outer corners

-A

strongly inoUrved; abdomen in the o strongly, in the o more feebly taper-
ing, silky glistening and to the tip extremely finely and densely punctated.
Hind tarsi are at least as long as tibiae, as a rule a little longer than
these, very fine, their middle joint so elongated that the long first joint
Is only as long as the two following joints together. L. 4-4.5 mm.

From following species, vittata, v.hich it in form, color, punctation
and vestiture strongly resembles, it is separated especially by, ihat the
antennal fourth and fifth joints are longer than in this species, that el-
ytra are shorter, and that the hind-tarsi on account of the more elongated
middle joints are considerably longer.

"'idely distributed, but rare. It is parasitic in diverse aniranl's
underground abodes, can occur in hollow trees with Lasius f uli.jinosus,
but Is however especially found in mole galleries, and in humblebeo nests
(Aalborj;, Odense, vicinity of Copt?nhagan, Hillerod, and other places).

-73-

(Page 51)

4. 0. vittata Mark.

(Mark. Term. Ztschr. V. 219; Kreatz Ins. D. 11, 163; Thorns. Skand.
Col. IX, 246; r/.uls. et Fey Bre'vip. 1874, 241; IJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 62).

Mainly identified by length and color of elytra.

Father narrowly fusiform, finely and densely gray-haired, somewhat
glistening. Pitch-black; ground color of the elytra brownish-yellow,
but a large triangular spot around scutellum and along the suture is
together v;ith ^ides and hind corners so extensively pitch-brown or pitch-
black, that only a brownish-yellow - oftenest rather narrow oblique stripe
from the humeri to the lowest sutural corners becomes more outstanding;
antennnl base is brownish, mouth-parts and legs yellowish-red.

Forebody is densely and very finely punctated; antennae a little short-
er thin in lividipennis and lon^^cipes, their third joint as long as, or a
little longer than the second, the fourth and fifth es broad as long, the
the middle bnd next-last ones most often feebly transverse. Pronotum is
posteriorly a little narrower than elytra, narrowing anteriorly with slight-
ly rounded sides and obtuse hind corners, feebly convex with e smell trans-
versal fovea before scutollum and occasionally a feeble groove in middle-
line. Elytra are proportionately longer th-^n in the other species of this
subgenus, 1^ times as long as pronotum, their posterior margin inside the
outer corners strongly incurved. Abdomen taperinj, with Extremely fine and
extremely dense punctation right to the tip, greyieh eilky shine. Hind tar-
si are hardly as long es tibiae, their first Joirt as long as the three fol-
lowing joints together. L. 4-5 mm.

.74-

(Pa^e 52)

From llvldlpennes, to v/hich it is closely allied, vittata is without
difficulty separated by narrower form, shorter antennae, and longer, more
darkly colored elytra.

It is found namely in company with the black ant, Lagius fuli^inosus,

where it of|en can be taken in great numbers at the anthills; more rarely

and singly is it encountered at bumblebee nests end at outflowing treesap.

5. 0. opqca "Jravh.

(3ravh. Micr. 89; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 344; :Jen. Spec. Staph. 144;
Kraatz Ins. P. II, 165; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 19; Muls. et Fey Brevip.
1874, 251; "ranglb. Kaf. M. JI, 63).

■^ithin the subgenus mainly identifiable by form of body, color of el-
ytra, anj comparstively long first joint of hind tarsi. (Fig. 19).

Anteriorly rather broad and convex, posteriorly tapering, all over
with very fine, silken glistening, jrayish-brov/n hair vestiture. Pitch-
bli^ck or pitch-brovm; pronotal side-margins and posterior margins of ab-
dominal joints reddish brown; elytra brown, at base around scutellum and
on sides ir.ost often brownish-black; antennal base, mouth-parts and legs
brownish-red,

Forebody finely, or very finely and densely punctated; antennae a little
longer than head and pronotum together, feebly thickened distally, their
third Joint longer than the second, or as long as this, the fourth and
fifth ss broad as long, and tlie following (6-10) scarcely transverse.
Pronotum posteriorly as broad a^ elytra, anteriorly roundly narrowtn;j
with rounded-off -obtuse hind corners ,rath«r oonvex with n feebly suggest-
ed fovee befope ecutellura; elytra li tim^s as long as pronotum, their pop-

-75"

(Page 52)
terior margin inside the outer corners strongly Incurved, abdomen taper-
ing, all over extremely finely and to the tip extremely densely punctated
with distinct silky :2loss. Hind t«rsi are a little shorter then tibiae,
their first joint proportionately long, a little longer than the three
following joints together- L. 4-4.5 mm.

"'ith livldipennis, to which it, like vi ttata. in rejard to structure
of hind tarsi i3 closely allied, it is not easily confused, the body is
shorter, more convex, pronotum larger, broader, elytra shorter and the
antennae much shorter.

On semi-darap ground under leaves, moss and other plant-cover, dis-
tributed all over and frequent; a few times have I found it with Lasius
fulir;inosus.

(Page 53)
6. 0. lateralis Mannh.

(Mannh. Brach. 70; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 164; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill,
19; Muls. et Pey Er^vip. 1874, 255; .7anglb. Kaf. M. II, 63).

In relation to the preceding species of this subgenus identifiable
by the abdominal sparsely punctated, strongly glistening outer Joints.

Fusiform, bleok or pitch-black, finely and densely brownish haired,
somewhat glisteninj'; pronotum and elytra, also posterior margins of ab-
dominal joints brown or reddish-brown; pronotal sides lighter, elytra
around the scutellum most often darker; artennol base brwonish-red , the
legs reddish-yellow.

The head is broader than in the preceding species and more robustly
punctated; nntennee u little shorter than in opaoi, their third joint

-76-

(Page 53)
dietinctly longer than the second, the next-last ones feebly trasverse.
Pronotum is posteriorly somewhat narrower than elytra, 1^ times as broad
as long, rather robustly and very densely punctated, with a transverse
fovea before scutellum end a feeble groove in middle-line posteriorly;
hind corners distinctly pronounced, obtuse angular, and posterior magin
inside of these feebly incurved. Llytra a little longer than pronotum,
with GspecJally dense and rather robust rugose-punctation, their poster-
ior margin inside the outer corners feebly incurved; abdomen tapering,
its first three fr'^e dorsal joints and base of the fourth finely and ex-
tremely densely punctated, but the posterior half of the fourth joint is
together with the following joints sparsely punctated and strongly glis-
tening. First joint of hind tarsi is shorter than the two following joints
together. L. 4.5 mm.

It is a native of North and Middle Europe. In this country it 1? not
heretofore found; but as it occurs in Skaane(at Pingsj'dn and Ramlbsa, where^
from I have seen specimens), it is not improbable that it also might be
encountered here, perhaps most likely In Nordsjaelland or at Bornholm.
it lives on moist forest ground under leaves and moss.

2. Subgenus Disochara Thorns.
7. 0. 1 ongiuccula Er.

(("»ravh. Micr. 80). Crichs. Kaf. tfl<. Rr. I, 345; (Jen. Spec. Staph.
144; Kraetz Ins. T). II, 167; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 50; Wuls et Rey Bre'-
vip. 1874, 380; ^anglb. Kaf. M. II, 64. - elon.?atula \uh4) .

A mealum sized, slender and narrow species, of which tha long, pecu-
liarly heavily developed antennae serve ae easy identification mark among

-77-

(Pase 53)
all our species.

Pltch-bleck. very finely and rather densely gray-haired, somewhat
glistening; pronotum, elytra, and abdominal tip in tensral animals brow,n-
ish; antennae pitch-black or brown with reddish-brown or yellowish-red
base; legs reddish-yellow, rarely darkly shaded.

Body all over with very fine, the head with dense, pronotum and el-
ytra very dense, abdomen extremely dense punctation. The head small;

(Page 54)
antennae nearly as long as forebody, heavy, strongly and smoothly thick-
ened distally, their third joint a little shorter than the second or as
long as this, the following (4-10) gradually thickened, about as long as
broad. The distal Joint, especially in the 3^ , very large, on one side
with set off impression, but tapering, pronotum scarcely as broad as el-
lytre, about ''/^ broader than long, narrowing anteriorly with slightly round-
ed sides and obtuse angular hind corners, dorsum slightly convex with a
feeble fovea before scutellum; elytra //^ longer than pronotum, its poste-
rior margin inside the outer corners rather strongly tnoarved; ihe outer
third of abdomen tapering and here provided with r^any outstanding bristles.
L. ?-4 mm.

Distributed all over and not rare on damp ground under the plant-cover;
In the spring often very numerous in olluvium, at lake shores, under leaves
at forest waters, and like places.

8. 0. obscura Kr.

(Kreatz Ins. D. II, 1057; Janglb. K&'f. M. II, 64)

-78-

(Page 54)

Particularly closely allied to longiuqcula . to v<hich it in regard to
strength and construction of antennae, size of body, punctation, vesti-
ture, and coloring is very similar, and therefore easily confused. By
comparison of pronounced and fully mature specimens of both species it
shows that . obscura is of darker color, more black, that the legs most
often are reddish-brown, that the body is more evenly broad, antennal
distal joint a little shorier, the head a little larger, and especially
that pronotum is distinctly broader, as broad as the elytra, and these
only as long as pronotun, decidedly shorter than in Icn ;iu6cula; abdomen
posteriorly less tapering. Aside from the heavier and longer antennae,
it has in form, and color much similarity v/ith the following species,
funebri s Kr.

Distributed throughout Middle and North Europe, especially on boggy,
cold woodland ground, but very rare. A few specimens which I have found
in the forests at Hillerja'd, and which I at first supposed to be funabris
Kr., are quite surely obscura Kr. The antennae in these specimens are
hardly as robust as in lon:,'iusc'ila, but more robust than in the follov.-
ing species.

3. Subgenus Podoxya Muls. et Rey.
9. 0. funebris Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. T. II, If 6; ienglb. Kaf. K. II, 64).

'Within the subgenus Identified by size, form and color.

Father slender and evenly broed. Black, finely and rather densely gray-
haired and silky glistening, elytra occasionally urownlsh-bleck ; antennae
black, their first joints, and the legs reddish-brown or pitch-brown.

-79-

(Pa^e 55)

The head is rather small, densely and very finely punctated, the an-
tennae soraewhtit longer than head and pronotum together, feebly thicken-
ed distally, their third joint shorter than the second, the next-last
ones as broad as long or feebly transverse, distal joint rather thick,
impressed from middle, obtusely tapering. Pronotum is as broad as elytr-i,
1* times as broad as long Vkith smoothly rounded sides and nearly rounded
off hind corners, slightly convex, very finely and densely punctated, nost
often feebly grooved in niddle-line and with a feeble transversal fovea
before scutellum. Elytra not longer then pronotum, more densely and dis-
tinctly punctated than same, their posterior margin inside the outer cor-
ners Incurved; abdomen nearly of equal breadth or only tapering posterior-
ly, all over with especially fine and especially dense punctation, silky
glistening hair vestiture with a few side-bristlee. L. 3-4 mm.

Distributed; especially on boggy, cold forest ground under leaves and

moss; in most places rare or very rare, but frequent in spots (Sk)*rping

at Aalborg, Hillerefd, Tibirke and other places).

10. 0. lantula Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 34S; ien. Spec. Staph. 150; Kraatz Ins. D.
IT, 168; Muls. et Pey Dr^vip. 1874, 3CC ; "Janglb. Kaf. M. II, £5).

This small species Is, besides by the color namely recognized by the
scarsely thickened antennae, and by relatively short, broed pronotum.

Rather short and narrow, of almost equal breadth. Black, particularly
finely haired, feebly glistening; legs pitch-brown. In teneral animals
pronotum and elytra or abdominal tip mott often brownish.

The he.id lather broad, yet narrower than pronotum, extremely finely

-80-

(Page 55)
and densely punctated; forehead strongly convex; antennae rather thin,
scarcely thickened dlstally, their third Joint shorter than the second,
the next-last ones feebly transverse or only as broad as long, distal
joint from the middle compressed and tapering. Pronotum is rather short,
about twice as broad as long and as broad as elytra, anteriorly hardly
narrowing, with rounded sides and rounded off hind corners, slightly con-
vex, densely and especially finely punctated with a small transverse
fovea before scutellum, and occasionally a feeble groove In the middle-
line; elytra a little longer than pronotun), extremely densely and some-
what more sharply punctated than same, their posterior margin inside the
outer corners distinctly J^ncUrved; abdomen only slightly tapering, all
over extremely densely and finely punctated, silky glistening with few
and short side-bristles. L. 2.5 mm.

Distributed especially throughout Middle and West Europe. In Denmark
it is heretofore only found in a few places on miry, marshy ground, at
the rim of water holes, and woodland waters under leaves and at plant-
roots (SkBTY-ping Forest and Lundby Hills at Aalborg; at F/>nstrup ^ams, and
in St. Dyrehave at Hillerjid, especielly in the spring, author).- Teneral
specimens with brownish abdominal tip occur; they resemble thereby a close-
ly allied species, rupicola Pye, which is found in England.

(Page 56)
11. 0. humidula Kr.

(Kraatz Deri. Ent. Ztschr. 1865, 414; Muls. et Key Br^vip. 1874, 244;
3anglb. Kaf. U. II, 65. - umbvata Erlchs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 344; (Jen. Spec.
Staph. 144; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 16fl).

•81-

(Page 56)

In color most like opaca and 'Aithin the subgenus Podoxya namely re-
markable by its Sphenoma-like lar^e pronotum, of which however the dorsum
is smaller than that of the elytra.

Black or pitch-black, rather glistening, very finely haired; elytra
most often brov*n; accasionally pronotum, especially its sides is also
brownish; tip of abdomen and posterior margins of its foremost joints as
a rule reddish; antennal base and the mouth-parts brownish-red; leg-? yel-
lowish-red. In teneral animals the brov.nish color is more predominating
and lighter; immature animals are yellowish-brown.

The head is finely and very densely punctated; antennae slender, only
feebly thickened distally, their third Joint most often distinctly short-
er than the second, the next-last ones feebly transverse. Pronotum is pro-
portionately large, posteriorly as broad as elytra, however hardly 1^ times
as broad as long, anteriorly roundly narrowing, its hind corners entirely
rounded off, dorsum rather convex, finely and very densely punctated, with-
out impressions; elytra distinctly longer than pronotum, finely and especi-
ally densely puncteted, their posterior margin inside the outer corners
strongly Inourv^d; abdomen strongly tapering, all over viry fine and dense
punctatlon, silky-glistening haired, on Joints and at tip with numerous
bristles. L. 3.5 ram.

Distributed in Middle Europe and also found in Finland. An immature
specimen of an Oxypoda from Tisvllde, vhlch I have seen, is doubtlesF thie
epeclep. It is found in miry, clayish ground under offil of reeds (15. 5.
1910. Engelhart).

-82-

(Page 56)

12. 0» umbra ta ilyllh.

(iyllh. Ins. Suec. II, 424; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill* 19; Muls. et Rey
Brevip. 1874, 3C7; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 66. - cunlcillna Erichs. Kef. Mk.
Pr. I, 348; Gen. Spec. Staph. 149; Kraatz Ins. T,. II, 169).

Fusiform like opaca, which it in form resembles, but is only half as
large, identified especielly by the color, and by comparatively robust,
rather strongly thichened antennae, by strongly tapering abdomen and long
first joint of hind tarsi.

Pitch-black or pitck-brov.n v.ith lighter sides; elytra, tip of abdomen,
and posterior margins of its joints lighter or darker reddish brov.n; an-
tennal base, and mouth-parts brownish-red; legs reddish-yellow.

The head is narrov;ar than pronctum, both very finely and densely punc-
tated; antennae hardly longer than heed and pronotum together, rather ro-
bust and strongly thickened distally, their third joint distinctly short-
er than the second, the next-last ones about tv;ice as broad as long, distal

(Pago 57)
joint obtusely tapering. Pronotum is posteriorly as broad as elytra, amply
1^ times aF broad as long, anteriorly distinctly narrowing with slightly
rounded sides and rounded off obtuse-angular hind corners, slightly convex,
most often with a feeble or suggested foves before scutellum. Elytra almost
'/^longer than pronotum, finely and especially densely punctated, their pos-
terior mprgin inside the outer corners strongly incurved; abdomen strong-
ly and smoothly tapering, all over extremely finely and extremely densely
punctated, distinctly silky glistening gray-haired with few side-triatles.
First joint of hind tarsi is longer than the three following Joints togeth-
er. L. 2.5-3 mm.

-83-

(Page 57)

Distributed all over and not rere on damp and semi-damp ground under

leaves and rotting plants, often numerous in alluvium and in compost.

13. 0. exi.^ua Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. W. Br. I, 348; Gen. Spec. Staph. 150; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 174; Mu1l=. et Rey Br^vip. 1874, .'516; Sanglb. Kaf. U.. II, 68).

A very small, narrowly fusiform species, of which the principle char-
acter lies in the punctation of the abdomen.

Black or brownish-black, finely haired end rather glistening; elytra
and abdominal tip most often brovn or brownish-red; sometimes pronotum
is also brownish; antennal base brownish-red, legs reddish yellov.

The head is rather bjoad, however narrower than pronotum, very finely
and rather densely punctated; antennae slightly thickened distally, their
third Joint shorter than the second, the next-last ones feebly transverse.
Pronotum posteriorly as broad as elytra, 1^ times as broad as lonj, nar-
rowing anteriorly, rpther convex, very finely, densely punctated, v.ithout
middle-groove or trace of transverse fovea posteriorly. Elytra as long as
pronotum or shorter than same and with somewhat more distinct, feeble sca-
brous punctation, their posterior- margin inside the outer corners feebly
Incurved; abdomen tapering, its first two free Joints finely and rather
densely punctated, the third and fourth with scattered punctation, the
fifth almost smooth; abdominal sides tovard the tip heavily bristle-baired;
first joint of hind tarsi only as long as the two following, rather short.
Joints together. L. 1.5-2 mm.

At first glance it very much reseroblos a small Homt'lota with tapering

abdomen (t.speclslly Horn, py^^ma'^a), but its 5-jointed fore-tarsi, and the

more (than in any like Homalota) elongated first Joint of hind tarsi, soon

shows the disagreement with this ^jenus.

-84-

(Psj9 57)

Tt lives principally on moist sandy ground, and is distributed in

North and Middle Europe, but in this country is seemingly rare or very

rare, most often found on the strand under seaweeds or in the nearness

of the strand (Ska^en, Aalborg at the F„orl, Tisvilde et al.)«

14. 0. exoleta Er.

(Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 14D; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 179; Muls. et Pey
Bre'vip. 1874, £85; 3anslb, Kaf. M. II, 69. - riparia Thorns. Skand. Col.
Ill, 2C).

(Paje £8)

Amonj closely allied species principally recognized by the color, by
the most often distinctly tapering form of abdomen, and the scabrous very
dense punctation of elytra.

Narrowly fusiform and somev.hat flatly convex; very finely and rather
densely jray-haired, modulated or feeble gloss; livid brownish-yellow;
the head, and a ba^d across the third, fourth, and bese of fifth free ab-
dominal joints pitch-black or pitch-brovnish; antennae brownish, their
base, and the legs reddish-yellow. In most of the individuals pronotum
and abdominal tip are lighter brownish-yellow than the oftenest darkly
shaded elytra.

Head with very fine, dense punotation; antennae fine at base, distinct-
ly thickened distally. their third Joint shorter than the second, the next-
last ones about twice as broad as long. Pronotum is posteriorly as broad
86 elytra, li times as broad as long, feebly roundly narrowing anteriorly,
with rounded of f-obtuse-angulur hind corners, dorsum flatly convex, vary
densely and finely punctated, most often without transverse fovea posteri-
orly.

-85-

(Page 55)
Elytra a little longer than pronotum, with very dense, fine scabrous
punctation, their posterior margin inside the outer corners incurved;
abdomen distinctly tapering, all over very finely and densely punctated,
silky glistening haired, first Joint of posterior tarsi as long as the
three following joints together. L. 2.5 mm.

On account of the somewhat elongate third joint of maxillary palpi
this species is sometimes placed v;ith subgenus Baeoglene (see Janglb.),
but less correctly; it is far from being as elongated as in the follow-
ing species.

Distributed throughout Europe; with us it is rare or very rare.

(Aalborg in leafmould 4. 95, 9. 95. author; at Esrom lake in alluvium

e. 08 author); also found in Skaane (Thorns.).

4. Subgenus Baeo,;;lena Thorns.

15. 0. preecox Er.

(Erichs. Sen. Spec. Staph. 149; Krautz Ins. D. II, 176; Thorns. Skand.
Col. IX, 249; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1874, 289; Sanglb. Kaf. Iv'. II, 70).

A very small peculiar species, especially distinguished by remarkably
long maxillary palpi, of which the third joint is very slander and elon-
gated, as long as the antennal first and second joints together, the sec-
ond almost as long, but the fourth especially small, short a'?! fine. (Fig. 20).

The body is fusiform, unicolorous reddish-yellow or the abdominal mid-
dle-joints brownish yellow at base, all over very finely haired, somewhat
glistening.

The head small, anteriorly somewhat tapering, especially finely, dense-
ly punctated; antennae cmoothly thickened distally, their third joint much

-86-

(Page 59)
shorter than the second, the next-last ones twice as broad as long. Pro-
notum posteriorly as broad as elytra, 1^ times as broad as long, anter-
iorly rounded and strongly narrowing, hind corners almost rectangular,
dorsum rether convex, very finely, densely punctated, without impressions.
Elytra as long as pronotura, densely and finely, somewhat more distinct-
ly punctated than same, their posterior margin inside the outer corners
strongly incurved; abdomen strongly tapering, silky glistening, all over
with especially fine and dense punctation, the hindmost joints and at tip
endowed with long black bristles. Hind tarsi long and fine, their first
joint as long as the three following joints together. L. 1.5-2 mm.

Its coloring reminiscent of botb annularis and recondita. but it is
smaller and more fusiform than either of these species. The head is small-
Sri the antennae finer, elytra not as short as in annularis, hind tarsi
much finer end longer than in recondi ta; but especially its long maxillary
palpi will always puovide a reliable division-mark.

Fig. SO. Head with antennae and maxillary palpi of 0. pi aecox 3r.

Hnder leaves and moss on seml-raoist forest t.nd marshy ground; very rare

in this country (Marsh at Ililler^d 4. C6, et al. author), also found In

Skaane (Thorns.), distributed in Middle Europe.

5. Subgenus Uycetodrenp Thoms.

16. 0. alternant 5ravl-. .

(iravh. Micr. 85; Srlchs. Kaf. "k. Br. I, 345; 5en. Spec. Staph. 145;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 177; Thoms. S<and. Col. Ill, 28; Muls. et Pey Brt^vip.
1874, 281; Janglb. K&'f. U. TI, 70}.

A medium sized species, of -.vhich the first three free abdominal joints

-87-

(Page 59)
are more strongly depressed at base than in our Oxypoda ordinarily, and
which otherwise is easily identified especially by the dappled color and
relatively lon^; elytra.

Father slender and feebly fusiform, flatly convex. Reddish-yellow,
finely haired, slightly glistening; the head and a broad band before ab-
dominal tip, also metathorex black; a large spot on hind corners of elytra,
and most often also surroundings of scutellum blackish; antennae dark,
their base, and the legs reddish yellow.

Head porrect, very finely but not densely punctated; antennae robust,
thickened distally, their third Joint shorter than the second, the middle
and next-last ones about tvice as broad as long, mstal Joint rather long.
Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra, 1^ times as broad as long, nar-
rowing anteriorly, slightly convex, densely and rather finely punctated
with a ffleble fovea before scutellum; elytra li times as long as pronotum,
punctated about like this, their posterior margin inside the outer corners
broadly incurved; abdomen tapering, especially finely and densely punc-
tated, eilky-gllstening haired, almost without side-bristles; first joint
of hind tarsi as long as the three following joints together. L. 3.F-4 mm.

(Page 60)

Frequent in all our forest regions, and in the autumn often in great
numbers in fungi; distributea throughout the greater part of Europe.

6. Subgenus Sphenoma Mannh.
(Thliboptera Thorns. Skand . Col, III, PO) .

17. 0. planlpennls Thorns.

-88-

(Page 60)

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1855, 197; Skand. Col. Ill, 22; Kuls. et
fey Brevip. 1874, 26C. - silvlcola Kraatz Ins. D. II, 173. -atrlcapilla
Makl. Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 72).

"'ithin the subgenera especially identifiable by the short elytra and
the punctation of abdomen.

The body is rather e4ually broad, posteriorly feebly tapering; pitch-
black or pitch-brown, finely haired, somewhat glistening"; pronotum, elytra,
abdominal tip, and posterior margins of the Joints, often also the anten-
nae reddish-brown; antennal base, mouth-parts, and legs yellow or reddish
yellow.

Head broad, however narrower than pronotum, very finely and rather dens-
ely punctated; the antennae very feebly thickened distally, their third
joint as long as the second, the next-last ones feebly transverse. Pro-
notum is rather large, its dorsum larger than that of elytra, posterior-
ly broader than these, Ij times as broad as long, slightly narrowing an-
teriorly, slightly convex, very finely, densely punctated, without impres-
sion, or with only a feebly suggested fovea before scutellum, modulated
shine; elytra shorter than pronotum, rather flat, very densely and finely
punctated, their posterior margin inside the outer corners flatly incurvedj
abdomen tapering, its foremost free dorsal joint very finely and rather
densely punctated, the following v.ith increasingly scattered or isolated
punctation, the sides with robust bristle-hairs. First joint of hind tar-
si longer than the two following joints together, but shorter than the
three following joints together. L. 2.5-3 mm.

It somewhat resembles Homalota vernacula Br. (laticollis Staph.), and
also Fom. fun;i Jravh. , tut its much larger pronotum and shorter elytra, as

-8c-

(Pa^e 60)
well as the long first joint of hind tarsi will - even without consider-
ing that the fore-tarsi are 5-jointed - easily prevent confusion with
either of these Homalota species.

Distributed throughout North and Middle Europe; in this country it
is very rare, and heretofore only found very sparsely on high ground under
leaves in Lindum forest, south of Hobro (6. 89-92, author).

18. 0. togata i;;r.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 346; CJen. Spec. Staph. 145; Kraatz Ins. E.
II, 170; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 21; CJanglb. Kaf. I/.. II, 72. - hospita
jrimm Stett. Entora. Ztg. 1845, 131).

From the preceding species, to v.hich it is closest allied, it is easi-
ly separated by the color, longer elytra, and also by the difference in
punctation of abdomen. (Page 61)

The body is elongate and rather equally broad, rather glistening, very
fine and dense silky-glistening-haired, black, but pronotum and elytra yel-
lowish-red or light brownish-red; antennae brownish-red, their base, and
the legs reddish-yellow.

The head is distinctly smaller and narrower than in the preceding spe-
cies, especially finely and rather densely punctated; antennae slender,
hardly thickened distally, their third joint as long as the second or a
trifle shorter than this, the next-last ones as long as broad or feebly
transverse, distal joint long-tapering. Pronotum large, broader than elytra
and with a broader dorsum tnan these, about 1^ times as broad as long, an-
teriorly slightly narrowing and compressed, rather convex, especially fine-
ly and very densely punctated, without impression. Elytra hardly as Ion:

-90-

(Page 61)
as pronotum, finely and very densely punctated, their posterior mar^jln
inside the outer corners rather stronjly incurvedLj abdomen only feebly
tapering, anteriorly very finely and especially densely, posteriorly notice-
ably less densely punctated, and here provided with numerous outstanding
bristles. The first joint of hind tarsi is as long as the three following
joints together. L. 3.5-4 mm.

Distributed on hijh sandy or gravelly ground, and here not rare under
stones, moss, at root of plants, e. g. Artemisia bushes, often blown down
in sand holes.

19. 0. abdominalis Mannh.

(Mannh. Brach. es ; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 34C; Jen. Spec. Staph. 146;
Kraatz Ins. t. II, 172; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 22; Janglb. Kaf. M. II,
73. - occulta Jrimm, Stett. Entom. Ztg. 1845, 132).

In combination with color, namely recognized by the distinctly taper-
ing form of abdomen and all over especially dense and fine punctation.

Narrowly fusiform, very Tinely, densely haired, feeble or modulated
shine; head and abdomen black or brownish black, tip of abdomen and often
also posterior margins of its Joints reddish; pronotum and elytra yellow-
ish-red or broiAnish-red, most often with blackish reflection; antennae
rust-red, their base, and the legs reddish-yellow.

The head with fine, dense punctation; antennae slightly thickened dis-
tally, their third joint most often a little shorter than the second, some-
times as long as this, the next-last ones not strongly, yet distinctly
transverse. Pronotum is rather large, as broad as elytra, hardly Ij times
as broad as long, narrowing anteiiorly and somewhat compressed, rather con-

■&1-

(Page 61)
vex and very finely and densely punctated, without impression; elytra
as long as pronotum, a little more destiiiptly and densely punctated than
same, their posterior margin inside the outer corners strongly incurved;
atdomen rather strongly tapering, all over with especially I'ine, ana ex-
tremely dense punctation, silky ^-listening gray-haired, at tip v.ith brist-
les. First joint of hind tarsi as long as the three folloiwing joints to-
gether. L. 3-3.5 mm. (Page 62)

It occurs on highland sandy ground like the preceding species, but is
much rarer. than this. (Hvorup Hills at K. Sundby, Faebild Hills at Sk0r-
ping, Sandmark at Tisvilde by the root of plants growing in sand, and
under moss).

20. 0. rufa Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. E. II, 170; (Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 72).

Compared with to.^ata, to which this species within the subgenus is
most closely allied, it is recognizeable by robust or less elongated form,
more rot-ust antennae, darker colored pronotum and elytra, also by the ab-
dominal all over denser, extremely fine punctation.

Of almost equal breadth or posteriorly only feebly narrowing, black, or
pitch-black, finely haired, modulated shine; pronotum, elytra, tip of ab-
domen, and posterior margins of its joints darkly brownish-red; antennae
pitch-brownish, their base, mouth-parts and legs reddish yellow.

The head is proportionately small, particularly finely and rather dens-
ely punctated; antennae somewhat thickened distally, their third joint a
little shorter than the second, the next-last and middle ones feebly trans-

-92-

(Page 62)
verse. Pronotum is comparatively large, however hardly broader than el-
ytra, ij times as broad as lon^, anteriorly rounded, feebly narrowing, rath-
er convex, without impression, very finely and densely punctated; elytra
as long as pronotum, with distinct and very dense scabrous punctation;
their posterior margin inside the outer corners strongly incurved; abdom-
en posteriorly only feebly tapering, all over with extremely fine and den»
punctation, silky-glistening haired with many outstanding side-bristles,
especially at the tip. First joint of hind tarsi as long as the three fol-
lov\ing joints together. L. 4 mm.

As the pronotal dorsum hardly could be called larger than that of el-
ytra, it seems doubtful whether it should best be assigned to subgenera
Sphenome or Podoxya. Pronotal circumference and convex form without tra-
ce of impression and the species' close relationship with togata speaks
however definitely for the former subgenus.

Its home is in Middle Europe, and its norther;) boundary is seemingly
Denmark. It lives on marsh or forest ground under leaves and moss, and
heretofore only found a few places in North Sjaelland (marsh at IIlller»d,
Lyngby Marsh and Utterslev Marsh, especially in the spring).

One with 0. rufa Kr. closely allies species is 0. islandica Kr. It is
almost like it in color, but is much smaller, L. 2.5 mm., more fusiform,
pronotum less convex, almost narrower than elytra, antennal third Joint
distinctly shorter than the second (M. berngauer). It is mostly a far-north-
ern species, but is however also found in North Germany, and may possibly
also be encountered in this countrj/.

-93-

(Pa^e 63)

Subgenus Deiaosoma Thorns.

21. 0. testacea Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 347; ien. Spec. Staph. 147; Kraatz Ins. T.
II, 175; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 73).

From the following species of this subgenus it is easily separated
both by color and size also by the nearly rectangular hind -corners of pro-
notum, and the elongate, thickly margined abdomen.

Rather elongate; finely and densely haired, dully or feebly glisten-
ing, yellowish-red, the midale Joints of abdomen most often darkly shaded
or pitch-black at base.

The head v.ith especially fine, dense punctation; antennae short and
rather robust, smoothly thickened distally, their third Joint much shorter
than the second, the next-last ones strongly transverse, at least twice
as broad as long. Pronotum is posteriorly as broad as elytra, 1^ times
as broad as long, anteriorly roundly narrowing with obtuse, almost rect-
angular hind corners, convex, without impressions, with very fine and dense,
feeble scabrous punctation; elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, more
distinctive and denser scabrous punctation than of this, their posterior
magin inside the outer corners strongly 4ncurved> abdomen elongate, smooth-
ly and feebly narrowing with thick side-margins without outstanding side-
bristles, finely and very densely punctated. L. 2.5-3 mm.

A very rare species, distributed in Middle and North Europe. It occurs
mainly on highland sandy ground, and is in this country heretofore only
found singly in a few places, mostly in northern Jutlanu, in gravel pits
and sand holes (Eronninglund Storskov in Vendsyssel, Ilvorup Sandhills, and

-S4-

(Page 63)

Lundby Hills at Aalborg, vicinity of Copenhagen (?). June- August).

22. 0. recondlta Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. L. II, 182; JJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 74).

A small species, recognized especially by form and color of the body,
scattered punctation of abdomen, and the elongate third joint of maxil-
lary palpi.

Bather e-jually broad, feebly narrowing anteriorly and posteriorly,
'/ost often pure reddish-yellow, glistening, very finely haired; the head
brownish-red; the fourth free abdominal joint often also base of the fifth
dark or pitch-black; antennae, mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellow.

The head extremely finely or indistinctly punctated; antennae as long
as head and pronotum together, rather strongly thickened distally, their
third joint much shorter than the second, the next-last ones tv^ice as broad
as long; maxillary palpi rather long, their third joint elongated, the fourth
extremely fine. Pronotum as broad as elytra, ij times as broad as long,
anteriorly feebly, roundly narrowing with roundly-obtuse hind corners,
convex, without impressions, isolated ana particularly fine punctation;
elytra as long as pronotum, somewhat more robustly but hardly more dense-

(Page 64)
ly punctated than same, their posterior margin inside the outer corners
flatly incurved, Abdomen is equally broad till over the middle, from there
narrowing, all over very finely, anteriorly not dunsely punctated, toward
tip with isolated or scattered punctation. In not worn specimens the pos-
tt-rior margins of dorsal abdominal joints and also tht sides liave numer-

-&E-

(Page 64)

ous outstanding fine bristle-hairs. L. 2-2. S mm.

On account of rather long maxillary palpi and their elongated third

joint recondita is sometimes assigned to subgenus Eaeoglena Thorns. (Eernh.).

- It is distributed in Middle Lurope, especially in the northern part, is

everywhere, also here, very rare, and is most often found in hollow trees

and stubs in remnants of bird's nests, in ant-hills and the like. (Vang

forest, Vendsyssel; Knudshoved, Dyrehaven at Copenhagen, Hiller^d, Tisvilde

et al. ).

23. 0. f ormiceticola Mark.

(Mark Jerm. Zeitschr. Ill, 213; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 182; Thoms. Skand.
Col. Ill, 33; Wuls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1874, 338; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 75).

Among the species of the subgenus especially recognized by the broad
pronotum and by the color of the body.

Almost of equal breadth, slightly convex, pitch-brov.n or reddish-brown,
very finely haired, greasy glistening; the head and middle joints of ab-
domen black or blackish-brown; abdominal tip, antennal base, and legs red-
dish-yellow.

The head is very finely and rather densely punctated; antennae not strong-
ly thickened distally, their third joint distinctly shorter than the second,
the next-last ones approximately twice as broad as long. Pronotum as troad
as elytra or a little broader than these, twice as broad as long, anteriorly
feebly narrowing with strongly rounued sides and obtuse-angular hind corner*,
posterior margin inside these very slightly incurved, dorsum convex, finely
and densely punctated, sometince feebly grooved in middle-line or with a
suggestion of a small fovea before scutellum; elytru only as lon^* as pro-

-pe-

(Page 64)
notum, more distinctly and densely punctated than this, their posterior
margin inside the outer corners distinctly incurved; ^icaomen from middle
and posteriorly slightly tapering, anteriorly very densely and very finely,
posteriorly somewhat less densely punctated, its filth free dorsal joint
much longer than the fourth. L. 2.5 mm.

It is a true ant-guest, which permanently abides in the ant-hill, name-
ly with Formica rufa, rarely v<ith Formica fusca, is distributed in North
and r.iiddle Europe with these ants, but is not frequent here, and is rarely
encountered in any mound in such numbers as the following species.

24. 0. haemorrhoa Mannh.

(f.'annh. Brach. 76; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 184; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 26;
lluls. et Fey Br^vip. 1874, 350; Janglb. Kaf. K. II, 74. - promiscua Erichs.
CJen. Spec. Staph. 148).

Form and color of the bod/, combined with the puhctation of abdomen are
the most important identification characters.

(Page 65)

Narrow, elongate and rather evenly broad, pitch-black or pitch-brown,
very finely haired, glistening; abdominal tip reddish or reddish-yellow;
elytra often, sometimes also pronotum and posterior margins of the fore-
most abdominal joints reddish-brown; antennal base, mouth-parts and legs
reddish-yellow.

Head and pronotum are particularly finely and not densely punctated;
antennae rather short, and toward tip rather strongly thickened, their
third joint much shorter than the second, the next-last ones twice as broad
as long. Pronotum is posteriorly as broad as elytra, Ij limes as broad as

-97-

(Page 6E)
long, narrowing anteriorly with slightly rounded sides and nearly round-
ed off hind corners, dorsum slightly convex, without impressions; elytra
as long as pronotum, occasionally a little longer than this, very finely
densely punctated, their posterior margin inside the outer corners flat-
ly incurved; abdomen rather evenly broad, only narrowing posteriorly, very
finely, and anteriorly also very densely punctated, posteriorly somewhat
less densely punctated, glistening, but not silky, its sides feebly brist-
le-haired. L. 2-2.5 mm.

It occurs commonly and often numerously in the mounds with Formica
rufa and pratensis, but is also found singly under leaves, bark and in
alluvium; is distributed throughout the entire Europe.

25. 0. amoena Fairm.

(Falrm. Fn. Fr. I, 436; Muls. et Rey Drevip. 1874, 357; 3anglb. KSf.
:jI. II, 75. - flavicornis Kraatz Ins. D. II, 185; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 25),

Compared with haemorrhoa, to which amoena is closely allied, this is
easily identified by the entirely yellowish-red, distally very strongly
thickened antennae, and also by the very dense punctation and dull gloss
of the body.

Narrow, elongate and of even breadth, very finely, densely haired, mo-
dulated or. dull shine; pitch-i-rown or lighter brown; tip of abdomen reddish-
yellow and the posterior margins of its Joints reddish; elytra sometimes
brownish-red; antennae ana legs rcssish-yellow.

Forebody particularly densely and very finely punctated; antennae (Fig.
21) short, peculiarly strongly thickened distally, much more robust than

-98-

(Page 65)
in the preceding species, their third joint much shorter than the second,
the 4-5 next-last joints three times as oroad as long. Pronotum as broad
as elytra, 1 '/^ times as broad as lon:^, narrowing anteriorly with slightly
rounded sides and almost rounded off hind corners, dorsum convex, v.ithout
impression; elytra as long as pronotum or a little longer than this, and
somewhat more distinctly punctated, their posterior margin inside the out-
er corners feebly Incurved; abaomen equally broad or slightly narrowing
posteriorly, all over extremely finely and very densely punctated, silky
glistening haired. L. 2-2.5 mm.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe; very rare in this country.

(Page 66),
It lives principally in semi-damp leaf -mould at the edge of woodland-lakes
or in depressions in the forest ground and can here at times be gathered
in great numbers; more singly it is also encountered in rotting stubs and
fungi. (Lundbykrat at Aalborg, Silkeborg, Hestehaven at Hilleri^d et al.).
8. Subgenus Bessopora Thorns.
26. 0. annularis Mannh.

(I.:annh. Brach. 76; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 188; liuls. et Rey Brevip. 1874,
363; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 77. - helvola Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. .1, 347; Thorns.
Skand. Col. Ill, 24).

In combination with color especially recognizeable by short, robust
antennae, and the fine, not scabrous punctation of elytra.

Narrow and rather equally broad, very finely, densely haired, some-
what jlisteningi yellow or yellowish-red, the third and fourth, sometimes
also base of the fifth free abdominal Joint more or less black; the head
often brownish, and pronotum lighter yellowish-red than elytra.

-99-

(Pa^e 66)

Head and pronotum are extremely finely and very densely punctated;
antennae short, strongly thickened distally, their third joint much short-
er than the second, the next-last more than twice as broad as loDtj. Pro-
notum is as broad as elytra, 1^ times as broad as lon^j, feebly narrowing
anteriorly, roundly convex, without impression; elytra distinctly shorter
than pronotum, a little less finely punctated than same, their posterior
margin inside the outer corners feebly ^ocurvad ) abdomen posteriorly smooth-
ly tapering and here bristle-haired, all over extremely finely and very
densely punctated, silky glistening. L. 2-2.5 mm.

Distributed and everywhere rather common under leaves and moss, at
fungi and in rotting stubs; not infrequently found at or in ant-hills,
especially with Formica rufa.

27. 0. soror Thorns.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1855, 1&8; Skand. Col. Ill, 24; ianglb.
Kaf. W. II, 77. - flava Kraatz Ins. D. II, 175).

From annularis, to which it is closely allied, it is mainly separated
by lighter color, and longer, less robust antennae.

Narrow and rather evenly broad, very finely, densely and especially
the abdomen silky glistening haired, unlcolorous light yellov. , or the fourth
free abdominal Joint brownish at base.

The body is extremely finely and densely punctated, distinct on the
elytra, scarcely discernable on the head; antennae rather long, somewhat
longer than head and pronotum together, feebly thickened distally, their
third Joint shorter than the sfccond, the nnxt-last ones only Ij] limes as
broad as long; pronotum as broad as elytra, Ij times as broad as long,

-100-

(Pa^e 66)
feebly narrowing anteriorly, slijhtly convex, without impression; elytra

(Pa-e 67)
a little shorter than pronotum, their posxerior margin inside the outer
corners feebly incurved; abdomen posteriorly slightly tapering and here
provided with bristles. L. 2 mm.

It is distributed throughout North and Middle Europe, and all over
very rare; with us it is heretofore only found a fev^ places in Sjiilland
under semi-damp leaves and in hollow trees, a single time with Lasius
fuliginosus (Tokkekjob Hegn, Sk joldnaesholm, Vals0lille).

28. 0. brachyptera Steph.

A small, in color somewhat variant species, identified especially by
the dull, distinctly scabrously punctated elytra, which is shorter than
pronotum.

Narrow and almost of even breadth, feebly or dully glistening, finely
haired, rust-red or rust-brown, in latter case most often with blackish
reflection; the head brownish or in dark animals almost black; the middle
abdominal joints bleck; antennae rust-yellow, their base most often lighter,
as v;ell as the legs reddish yellow.

The head is very finely punctated; antennae rather short and robust,
however not stronjly thickened distally, their third joint much shorter
than the second, the middle and last ones feebly increasingly transverse,
about twice as broad as long, distal joint robust, at least as long as the
two next-last joints together, but tapering. Pronotum as broad as elytra
or a little broader than this, 1^ times as broad as long, anteriorly a lit-
tle narrowing with feebly rounded sides, slightly convex, very densely and

-ICl-

(Pa^e 67)
finely, feebly scabrously punctated, without distinct impressions poste-
riorly. The elytra are distinctly shorter than pronotum, somewhat flat,
with distinct and veiy dense scabious punctation, their posterior margin
inside the outer corners Jnourved; abdomen only tapering posteriorly, an-
teriorly rather finely ana very densely punctated, posteriorly finer and
somewhat less densely punctated, not silky glistening- and without distinct
side-bristles. L. 1.5-2 mm.

On high ground and here not rare at root of plants growing in sand or
in sand holes and ^ravel-pitsj distributed throughout North and Middle
Europe.

It seems doubtful whether brachyptera Steph. and ferruginea Er. are
same species. According to M. Bernhauer (Staph, d. pal. Faun. 121) ferru:;lnea
Sr. is a more finely punctated species with all over extremely densely and
finely punctated, silky glistening abdomen; its elytra are hardly short-
er than pronotum and not scabrously punctated. It is distributed in Middle
Europe, but heretofore not discovered in this country.

9. ienus Hy^ropora Kr.

(KraatB Ins. D. II, 132; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1874, 372; Janglb. Kaf.
U. II, 78. - Pycnsraea Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 28).

In construction of mouth-parts H;/ rropora agrees nost nearly with
Ox.)'poda, mandibles are however shorter and Lroaaer, m«ntum (Fig. 22 test©

(Page 68)
Mulsant) narrower and more taperinj (cf. Fig. 17); the tongue is more deep-
ly cleft, and each of its lobes (nc-'l.to Kraatz and Dernhauer) prolonged

-102-

(Page 68)
into a small, thickened tip.

Also in appearance and in the construction of antennae and tarsi
Hyrropora resembles an Oxypoda, hov^ever the body of the Morth -European
species is relatively broader and more robust, and its punctation, especial-
ly of abdomen less fine. Pronotum is short and broad, elytra '/^ longer
than this, abdomen rather short and thick, tapering posteriorly, its first
three free dorsal joints distinctly depressed at base, and the fifth only
a little longer than the fourth. First joint of hind tarsi as long as the
three follovjing joints together, longer than ttie distal joint.

To this genus only one North and Middle European species, which lives
on damp ground under the plant cover.

1. H. cunctans Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 34£j Son. Spec. Staph. 150; Kraatz Ins. E.
II, 133; Muls. et Pey Brevip. 1874, 375; Oanglb. Kaf. M. II, 79.— curti-
collis Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 29).

In appearance most like Oxypoda lentula Er. , but with nearly same
length much broader and more robust, and further in combination v.ith color
recognizeable by the short, broad pronotum, and punctation of abdomen.

Black, very finely haired, feebly glistening; antennae rust-red or brovin-
ish, their base, and the legs reddish or brownish-yellow, the latter some-
times pitch-brown, almost black (var. nigripes Thomson).

The head is much narrower than pronotum, very finely, densely puncta-
ted; antennae rather long, feebly thickened distally, their third joint
shorter than the second, the next-last ones somewhat broader than long,
distal joint rather robust, oblong, constricted at middle ( O^?) and obtui

-103-

ise

. (Page 68)
tipped. Pronotum is short, as broad as elytra, twice as broad as long,
anteriorly hardly narrowing with smoothly rounded sides, and rounded off
obtuse-angular hind corners, posterior margin inside these very flatly
Incurved, dorsum slightly convex, very finely and densely punctated, most
often with a feeble fovea posteriorly before scutellum. Elytra 1 '/^ times
as long as pronotum, with very dense, fine scabrous punctation, their pos-
terior margin inside the outer corners distinctly incurved; abdomen taper-
ing posteriorly, all over finely, smoothly and densely, or very densely
punctated. L. 2.5-3 mm.

Of this, everywhere, very rare species I have by sifting of damp leaves
found a single specimen at a water hole in Sk^rping forest south of Aal-
borg (10. 90); it belongs to the dark-legged form (v. nigripes Thoms.)»,
which especially occurs in North Europe (Skaane).

(Page 69)
10. Senus Ocyusa ?Cr.

(Kraatz Ins. E. II, 156; Thoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 10; Kuls. et Key
Bre'vip. 1874, 417; ianglb. Kaf. N'. II, 63).

Of our four to this genus belonging species, the first two, procidua,
incrassata. were by Kraatz assigned to Oxypoda, other authors (Erichson
liulsant) have dlscribed them as Homalota species, and still others (-Janjl-
bauer, Bernhauer) have placed these and the fourth species, picina, in
separate genera. It is thereby beforehand evident, that our Ocyusa species
correlatively present differences not unimportant, which also in some re-
spects applios to their appearance. ™hile thus procidua and incrassata
most nearly resemble the small ^riecies of Homalota, maura is more like a

-104-

(Page 69)
Calodera, and plclna a small Ocalea. Ihe correspondance namely in struc-
ture of tongue, labial palpi, and tarsi however permits that they, not
withstanding other differences can be assigned to the same genus, but
separated into different subgenera.

The head is most often proportionately large and thick and about as
broad as pronotum, only in procidua much narrov^er than same; it is some-
what porrect, but posteriorly not, or only inconsiderably (maura, picina)
constricted; ^enae and temples are marginated; eyes not prominent; anten-
nae short or rather short, thin at base, distinctly thickened distally,
their next-last joints transverse. In structure of mouth-parts Ocyusa
has most likeness vjith Ox.ypoda, it is however noted as a peculiarity,
that the tongue is not, like in this genus cleft to the middle, but is
only angularly incised at tip. Labial palpi are more slender than in
Oxypoda, and their first Joint nearly as long as the two following joints
together. In incrassata the right mandible is provided with an acute and
robast tooth, in the other species the tooth is small.

Pronotum can be about as broad as elytra (procidua, incrassata) or
distinctly narrower than these (maura, and picina) . Elytra in the two
former species are only as long as pronotum, in the others a little longer
than this, their posterior margin inside the outer corners more or less
incurved. Abdomen is not smoothly tapering like in most of the Oxypoda,
but rather a little widened posteriorly (prociaua, incrassata) or rather
evenly broad; its three, more rarely four (picina) first free dorsal joints
are rather strongly depressed at base, and the fifth is not, like in Ox-
poda. notably longer than the fourth; neither is the vestlture of abdomen

-lOL-

(Page 60
as silky glistenin^- or its punctation as fine as in this genus. In plcina
and maurta the legs are more slender than in the other two species, and the
first joint of hind tarsi somev.hat more elongated; in all, the tarsi are
5-jointed, first joint of hind tarsi longer than the second, about as long
as the clavv-joint.

The species abide on damp marsh or forest ground under leaves or in
alluvium.

(Page 70)
Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. Pronotum distinctly broader than long, as broad or nearly as broad

as elytra 2.

Pronotum hardly broader than long, distinctly narrower than elytra. :3.

2. Mandibular tooth small. Head and pronotum comparatively robustly punc-

tated: 1. subgenus Poromniusa Janglb. - Head rather small, much
narrower than pronotum, this not or very feebly grooved in middle-
line. L. 2 mm 1. 0. procidua Kr^

Mandibular tooth robust and acute. Head and pronotum finely punctated:

2. subgenus Uniusa Muls.- Head large, as broad as pronotum, which

at middle-line is flatly grooved. L. 2.5-:5 mm.: 2. 0. incrassata I.luls.

3. Abdominal first three free dorsal Joints deeply aepressed at base:

3. subgenus Ocyusa s. str. Muls. - Antennae dark with reddish-yel-
low base. L. 1.8-2.2 mm 3. 0. maura Er.

Abdominal first four free dorsal joints deeply depressed at base: 4.
subgenus Deubelia bernh. - Antennae yellowish-red. L. 2.5-3 mm..

4. 0. picina Aube.

-106-

(Page 7C)

1. Subgenus Poromniusa CJanglb.

1. 0. procldua Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br.. I, 315} ien. Spec. Staph. S8 [Homalota] ; Kraatz
Ins. E. II, 190 r-^xypodaj; Muls. at Rey Brevip. 1874, 423; Gianglb. Kaf. M.
II, 82).

A small species, identified by the color and the robust punctation of
the foreDody.

The body is short, proportionately rather broad, coalblack, finely and
sparsely haired, somewhat glistening; legs sometimes brownish-red, often-
est pitch-brown.

The head is much narrower than pronotum, with robust and rather dense
punctation, the punctures round and deep; antennae short, smoothly thick-
ened distallyv their third joint shorter and smaller than the second, both
reversed conical, the next-last ones twice as broad as long, distal joint
rather thick and short, obtusely rounded at tip. Pronotum short, about as
broad as elytra, 1^ times as broad as long, anteriorly slightly narrowing
with round sides and rounded-off hina corners, dorsum slightly convex, ful-
ly as robustly and as densely punctated as the head, posteriorly sometimes
feebly grooved in middle-line. Elytra but very little longer than pronotum,
and with still denser and more robust, and in proportion to size of animal
coarse punctation, their posterior margin inside the outer corners distinct-
ly incurved; abdomen broad, equally broad or feebly broadened at middle, v.ith
fine, dense and rather smooth punctation. Legs and tarsi aro short; hind
tarsal first joint as long as the following two short joints together, hard-
ly es long as the claw-joint. L. 2 mm.

-107-

(Pa-e 70)
It is distributed in Middle Europe and has apparently its northern
boundary in this country. It lives on damp forest ground and is hereto-
fore^ with us, only found in St. Dyrehave at Hiller^d under moist leaves
at v-oodland fungi (5. 19Cc, author).

2. Subgenus Mniusa Muls. et Pey.
2. 0. Incrassata Uul s. et Pey.

(Muls. et Rey Opusc. Entom. I, 1852, 32 f HomalotaJ ; Kraatz Ins. E. II,
181 fOxypodaT; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 2£3 [^::emosoma^ ; I^^uls. et Rey Ere-
vip. 1874, 429 fOcyu sa"7 j Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 82 £Mniusa^).

(Page 71)

"'ithin the genus easily Identified by the large head, the broad, grooved
pronotum and by short elytra.

Body rather short, most often feebly broadened posteriorly, very finely
haired, modulated shine, black or in teneral specimens brownish black; an-
tennal base and legs brownish-red or yellowish-red.

The head is large, however a little narrower than pronotum, almost
without punctation, but as well as pronotum with especially finely and
densely shagreened surface; antennae short, robust, thickened distally,
their third joint shorter than the second, the next-last and middle ones
at least twice as broad as long, distal joint short, obtusely tipped.
Pronotum at least as broad as elytra, Ife times as broad as long, with smooth-
ly rounded sides and almost rounded off hind corners, slightly convex, with
fine, isolated punctation, and with a flat, but distinct, oftenest through-
running lonjitudinul groove in middle-line; elytra not longer than prono-
tum,,a little flat, with dense, scnbrous-granoloso and rather robust punc-

•108-

(Page 71)

tation, their posterior margin inside the outer corners feebly incurved;

abdomen either of equal breadth or- and most often - widened posteriorly,

with very fine, anteriorly rather dense, posteriorly isolated punctation.

First joint of hind tarsi a little longer than the two following joints

together, and almost as long as the claw-joint. L. 2.5-3 mm.

Distributed throughout Middle and North Europe; with us it is very

rare and heretofore only a few times found in Nordsjaelland under leaves

on semi-damp forest ground. (Jaegersborg Dyrehave, Praestevang at Hllle-

r^d et al.).

3. Subgenus Ocyusa s. str. Muls. et Fey.

3. 0. maura Srichs.

(Lrichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 352; Jen. Spec. Staph. 156; Kraatz Ins. E.
II. 157; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 11; I^Iuls. et Rey Brevip. 1874, 428; Janglb ,
Kaf. :.:. II, 34).

In appearance this small species is much like a Galooera, however the
head is scarcely constricted behind, and only the first three free abdom-
inal joints are depressed at base.

Glistening black, finely and sparsely haired; antennae dark, pitch-
brownish; their base, mouth-parts, tarsi, knees, often also tibiae brown-
ish-red, occasionally reddish-yellow.

The head is only a trifle narrower than pronotum, rather porrect, but
posteriorly not distinctly constricted, finely and rather densely punc-
tated; antennae quite slender, thin at base, thickened toward tip, their
third joint shorter than the second, the middle ones nearly longer than
broad, the next-last ones 1:^ times a& broad as long, distal jolgt rather

-105-

(Page 71)
large, slightly impressed at middle, obtusely tapering. Pronotum is con-
siderably narrower than elytra, as long as broad with anteriorly rounded,
posteriorly almost straight sides and nearly rectangular hind corners,
convex, without impressions, finely and rather densely punctated; elytra
a little longer than pronotum, somewhat convex with slightly rounded sides,

(Page 72)
with rather robust and dense scabrous punctation, their posterior margin
inside the outer corners distinctly inciirvea; abdomen tapering posterior-
ly, with rather fine and isolated punctation, its first three free dorsal
joints deeply depressed at base; legs rather slender; first Joint of hind
tarsi longer than the two following joints together, as long as the claw-
joint. L. 1.8-2.2 mm.

On damp forest or marshy ground; local; in Nordsjaelland rather fre-
:iuent, in northern Jutland very rare (Panders). Distributed throughout
North and Middle Europe.

4. Subgenus Deubelia Bernh.
4. 0. picina Aube.

(Aube Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 185C, ^03; L'uls. et Rey Brivip. 1874, 437;
ianglb. KSf. U. 84. - ruficornis Kraatz Ins. D. II, 158).

''"ithin the jenus easily identified by the four abdominal depressed joints
and by the color of antennae and legs.

Very similar to the preceding species, but larger; black, jlisteninj,
rather finely haired; antennae and legs reddish yellow; sometimes the an-
tennae are brownish dlstally, and the femora pitch-trown.

The head only insignificantly narrower than pionotum, porrect, but not

-110-

{F&^e 72)
constricted behind, finely and densely punctated; antennae rather long,
longer and more robust than in maura, thin nearest the base, smoothly
thickened distally, their third joint shorter than the second, the next-
last ones rather strongly transverse, distal joint large, at middle feeb-
ly impressed, but tapering. Pronotum is anteriorly hardly as broad as el-
ytra, about as broad as long, posteriorly feebly narrowing, sides anteri-
orly rounded, posteriorly straight, hind corners obtuse-angular, dorsum
convex, v.ithout impressions, with considerably denser and more robust punc-
tation than in the preceding species. Elytra hardly longer than pronotum,
very densely, finely scabrously punctated, their sides feebly rounded and
posterior margin inside the hind corners Jnourved; abdomen equally broad
or tapering posteriorly, rather finely and densely punctated; its first
four free dorsal joints depressed at base, but the fourth less deeply than
the three preceding joints; hind tarsi same as in maura. L. 2. £-3 mm.

On boggy or marshy ground; distributed throughout Middle and North
Europe; in this country very rare and very local (Lyngby Marsh, Strand-
mpllen and Fuglevad in Norths jaelland) , particularly in springtime in
alluvium.

11. Jenus Ocalea Er.

(iirichs. Keif. V.k. Er. I, 2£8; Jen. Spec. Staph. 60; Kraatz Ins. D. 11,
4?-; Thorns. Skand. Gol. Ill, 41; Muls. et Rey Brovip. 1874, 458; Janglb.
Kaf. f.:. II, 90).

Our species of this genus, are distinguished by a beautiful, slender

form of body (Fig. 25), long, slender untonnue and logs, and an almost

impunctate, strongly glistenin, abdomen; furthermoro the following remarks:

•111-

(Page 73)

The head porrect, posteriorly rounded off and constricted (Fig. 25)
with distinctly marginated temples and genae and not prominent eyes; an-
tennae longer than head and pronotum together, their first three joints
elongate, the following slightly thickened distally; uandibles without
tooth, maxillary palpi (Fig. 23) long, their third joint not longer than
the second, distal joint thin, subulate, not half as long as the third.
The tongue (Fig. 24) is long and very narrow, cleft at tip; labial palpi
smal 1 .

Pronotum is narrower than elytra with strongly deflected fore-corners
and -stad obtuse-angular hind corners; elytra longer than pronotum, their
humeral corners rather prominent and posterior margin inside the outer
corners incurved; abdomen posteriorly slightly tapering, its dorsum in
our species especially smooth and polished, the first three free dorsal
joints depressed at base, and the fifth longer than the fourth; the first
three ventral joints slightly constricted at base. Mesosternum is sharp-
ly tapering between the coxae with entire or abbreviated carina in middle-i
line; legs long and slender; tarsi all 5-jointed, first joint of middle-
tarsi only a little longer than the following, first joint of hind tarsi
at least as long as the two following joints together, as long as the claw-
joint. Outer sex-characters do not appear.

Fig. 23- Maxillary palpi in Qcalea.
Fig. 24. Tongue in Qcalea.

The species live on damp ground, under leaves and moss, at edge of
woodland pools and lakes. From various European regions, especially moun-
tainous countries, a half score species are known; of which only two are

-112-

(Page 73)
heretofore found in this country; but tv;o others of the most widely dis-
tributed are here included as possibilities.

Key to the Species.

1. Elytra rather robustly and not densely punctated. L. 3.5-4.5 mm...

1. 0. badia Er.

Elytra rather finely and densely punctated 2.

2. Legs brownish black or darkly brownish-red with rust-red tarsi. L.

4-5 mm 4. Q. concolor Kiesw.

Legs entirely reddish-yellow or yellow-red 3.

3. Pronotum finely and not densely punctated, rather glistening. L. 4-5

mm 2. 0. picata Steph.

Pronotum rather robustly and densely punctated, slightly glistening.
L. 4-4.5 mm 3. 0. rivularls Mill.

1. 0. badia Er.

(Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 30C; ^en. Spec. Staph. 61; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 52; Wuls. et Rey Brevip. 1874, 473; >anglb. Kaf. M. II, £2. -prolixa
5yllh. Ins. Suec. IV, 464; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 42).

As a rule somewhat smaller and narrower than picatu, from which it is
easily separated by the more robust punctation of elytra and the stronger
gloss of the body.

Pitch-black or pitch-brown, strongly glistening, sparsely haired; el-
ytra and the tip of abdomen yellowish-brov.n; antennae, mouth-parts, and
legs reddish-yellow.

(Page 74)

The head with coarse and scattered, flat punctation; antennae very

-113-

(Pa,,-e 74)
feebly thickened distally, their second and third joints of same length,
the middle ones a little longer than broad, the next-last ones as broad
as long or feebly transverse. Pronotura is much narrower than elytra, as
long as broad with anteriorly strongly, posteriorly feebly rounded sides
and rounded off obtuse hind corners, convex, rather coarsely but not deep-
ly or densely punctated, and with a transversal fovea posteriorly before
scutellum, sometimes also a feeble longitudinal groove in middle-line pos-
teriorly. Elytra scarcely longer than pronotum, robustly but not very den-
sely punctated, the surface background smooth, their posterior margin in-
side the outer corners distinctly incurved; abdomen feebly tapering, very
isolated, fine punctation, and very polished. L. 3.5-4.5 mm.

Cn damp ground, especially in v.oods under leaves and fagot, distribut-
ed, but everywhere rather rare.

2. 0. picata Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V, 125; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 93. - castania Erichs.
Kaf. Wk. Br. I, 2S9; Jen. Spec. Staph. 60; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 51; Thoms.
Skand. CJol. Ill, 41; Muls. et Rey Erevip. 1874, 46S).

The punctation of pronotum and elytra, and color of the legs provide
as far as this species is concerned the surest identification marks.

Brown or reddish-brown, glistening, rather finely and not densely hair-
ed; the head and abdomen with exception of abdominal tip most often pitch-
black or pitch-brown; antennae rust-red, their base, mouth-parts, and legs
reddish yellow.

The head v.ith rather fine, isolated and not deep punctation; anten-
nae long and slender, their first three joints elongated, of equal length,
the middle ones longer than broad, the next-last ones as broad as long,

-114-

(Page 74)
distal joint tapering; pronotum narrower than elytra, a little broader
than long with anteriorly rather strongly rounded, posteriorly almost
straigth sides and obtuse -angular hind corners, convex, v;ith rather fine
and not dens^, or deep punctation v;ith a transversal fovea posteriorly
before the scutellum, and a feeble longitudinal groove in middle-line;
elytra longer than pronotum, rather finely and densely punctated, the
surface very finely transversally aciculated and less glistening than
pronotum, their posterior margin inside the outer corners distinctly J.ir«-
curve4i abdomen tapering posteriorly, sparsely and finely punctated, strong-
ly glistening or polished. L. 4-5 mm.

Distributed and rather common in this country, often numerous at forest
brooks and at brims of lakes under stones, leaves and in alluvium, also
on the strand under seaweed.

(Page 75)
3. 0. rivularis Mill.

(Miller Verh. d. zool.-bot. Ver. "'ien I, 110; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 52;
»anglb. Kaf. M. II, 94. - latipennis Sharp Ent. Monthl. Mag. VI, 1370, 280).

Very closely allied to plcata, most often a little larger and broader
also darker of color; pronotum les; -^li cteninj.

Pitch-black; elytra and abdominal tip brown; antennae reddish-brown;
their base, mouth-parts, and legs yellowish-red.

Head and pronotum much raoro densely punctated than In plcata. and due
thereto pronotum is less glistening than in same; antennae most often a
trifle more elongated, elytra broader, somewhat more finely and densely
punctated, rather densely haired. L. 4-5.5 mm.

-115-

(Page 75)

It is found in North Germany (Jjleklengorg) and En^-land, distributed

throughout the entire Middle Europe and farther southward. Its occurrence

in this country, especially in the southern parts is not unlikely.

4. 0. concolor Kiesw.

(Kiesw. Kiister Kaf. Eur. VIII, 46; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 53; Muls. et Rey
Brevip. 1874, 465; Sanglb. Kaf. M. II, 94).

From the preceding species easily separated and identifiable by the
color of antennae and legs.

Black or pitch-black; antennae pitch-brown with slightly lighter base;
mouth-perts and legs darkly reddish-brown, the latter sometimes brownish
black; tarsi rust-red.

Head and pronotum are punctated as in picata, the elytra broader than
in this with more prominent humeral corners, with somewhat finer and den-
ser punctation. L. 4-£ mm.

Distributed in Germany and France; less probable in this country than

the preceding species.

12. jenus Chilopora Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 146; f/.uls. et Fey Brevip. 1874, 5C5; Janglb. Kaf.
M. II, 94).

In form and appearance Chilopora most closely resembles Tachyusa, but
to some degree also '^olodera and Ocalea. From the former genus It is main-
ly separated by 5-jolnted fore-tarsi; from Calodera especially by slender-
er form of body, and by, that only the first three free dorsal joints of
abdomen are depressed at base; from Ocalea by finer, more slender form of
body, not marglnated temples and genae, shorter tongue, longer and finer

-116-

(Page 75)
hind tarsi, longer first joint of middle- and hind-tarsi, also by the den-
ser punctation and feebler gloss of abdomen.

The body elongate and very narrov, ; the head porrect, rather strongly
constricted behind; temples and genae not or only indistinctly marginatedj
antennae long and rather slender; maxillary palpi elongated, their third
joint longest, feebly thicicenea, the fourth very small, subulate; the ton-
gue much shorter than in Ocalea, and cleft to the middle; labial palpi

small.

(Page 76)

Pronotum is narrower than elytra; these longer than pronotum, their
posterior margin inside the outer corners incurved; abdomen elongate, its
first three free dorsal joints deeply depressed at base; legs long and
fine, all tarsi 5-jointed; first joint of middle-tarsi as long as the fol-
lowing two joints together, hind tarsi as long as tibiae, their first joint
long, as long as the three following joints together, much longer than the
claw-Joint.

The species live on sandy brims of brooks and lakes, often in company

with Tachyuser ; 3 species are distributed in north and ?,1iddle Europe, and

of these 1 is found in this country.

1, Ch. rubicunda Er.

(Srichs. ?Caf. Mk. Br. I, 30S; Cien. Spec. Staph. 66; Krantz Ins. D. II,
147; Uuls. et Pey Dr^vip. 1874, 512; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, '."6).

Combined with the generic characters especially identifiable by the
color and by punctation of the body.

Reddislj-brown, finely and rather densely gray-haired, somewhat glisten-
ing; the head and the next-last abdominal joints Lrownlsh-black; antennal

-117-

(Page 76)
base, mouth-parts, and lejs light reddish-yellow.

The head is about as broad as pronotum, especially finely and not dens-
ely punctated; the antennae considerably longer than head and pronotum
together, slender, distally however rather robust, their second and third
joints of same length, the middle ones longer than broad, tne next-last
ones scarcely transverse, distal Joint rather large, slightly impressed
at middle, obtusely tipped. Pronotum somewhat narrower than elytra, as
long as broad or a little longer, slightly narrowing posteriorly with an-
teriorly rounded, posteriorly almost straigth sides, densely and finely
punctated, with a transversal fovea posteriorly before the scutellum, and
sometimes one from the fovea issuing;, abbreviated longitudinal groove in
the middle-line. Elytra are a little longer than pronotum, fully as dens-
ely and robustly punctated as this, their posterior margin inside the out-
er corners distinctly incurved; abdomen all over very densely and extrem-
ely finely punctated, much finer than the forebody, L. 4-4.5 mm.

It lives on damp sandy ground, especially in sandy river-brinks, often

in company wiith certain Tach.yusa species (constricta, coarctata) and Bledius

species. It roots through the surface in the manner of ants by moving the

single grains of sand with the mandibles, and is best obtained by sifting

the sand-layer. Very rare (Jrejsdal, Blokhus, at ■::openhagan et. al.).

13. Jenus Ityocara Thorns.

(Thoms. Skand, Ool. IX, 239; Wuls. et Pey Bre'vlp. 1874, 516; ianglb.
Kaf. M. II, 96).

The one hereonto belonging species, rubens Er. , which by Erlchson and

Kraatz is assigned to Oalodera. ie by Thomson separated as a special genus

-118-

(Pa^e 77)

on account of, that the head is less strongly constricted behind than in

^alodera. that temples and jenae are completely margined, and that only

three of the abdominal first free dorsal Joints are depressed at base.

1. I» riibens Sr.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br- I, 304; ien. Spec. Staph. 67; Kraatz Ins. E. II,
142; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 239; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 96).

It is in appearance much like Calodera protensa, from v.hich it how-
ever, next after the above mentioned generic characteristics, easily is
separated by more robust antennae and broader pronotum.

Father slender, anteriorly slightly narrowing; black, all over extre-
mely densely and extremely finely punctated, also very densely and finely
gray-haired, due to this with dull gloss and with pronounced silky sheen;
antennae pitch-brown or brownish-red, their base, mouth-parts, and legs
reddish-yellov. ; in teneral animals pronotum and elytra also posterior mar-
gins of abdominal joints brownish.

The head is considerably narrower than pronotum, posteriorly rounded
off, but not strongly constricted, porrect; antennae rather long and very
robust, their third Joint only half as long as the second, the fourth small
and short, the following (5-lC) of equal breadth, approximately twice as
broad as long, distal Joint long, oval. Pronotum is much narrower than el-
ytra, as long as broad, slightly narrowing posteriorly with anteriorly
rounded, posteriorly more straigth sides, and with obtuse hind corners,
slightly convex with a feeble impression posteriorly before the scutellum,
and sometimes a suggestion of a longitudinal groove in the middle-line;
The elytra are 4 longer than pronotum and somewhat more distinctly punc-

-IIS-

(Page 77)
tated than this, their posterior margin inside the outer corners feebly
Inourveds abdomen of even breadth, its first three free dorsal Joints
slightly depressed at base; legs rather slender, first joint of hind tar-
si long, as long as the three following Joints together, longer than the
claw-Joint. L. 3-3.5 mm.

It lives like the Calodera species on damp ground, is distributed through-
out North and Middle Europe, in this country heretofore only found in the
forests at Hiller^d, now and then numerously under very moist leaves at
woodland bogs, especially in the spring.

14. Genus Calodera Uannh.

(Uannh. Brach. 85; Srichs. Eaf. Mk. Br. I, 301; CJen-.Spec. Staph. 64;
Kraatz Ins. L. II, 14C; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 300; f.iuls. et Fey Brevip.
1874, 530; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 96).

The body is narrow and rather slender, the head porrect, posteriorly
rounded off and rather strongly constricted (Fig. 26 ,i, temples asid genae
not marginated, nor are the eyes prominent; antennae robust, their third
Joint shorter than the second and the middle ones often a little broader
than the next-last ones. The third Joint of maxillary palpi somewhat lon-
ger and more robust than the second, the fourth subullform, especially small

(Page 78)
and fine. The tongue is short, cleft to the middle; labial palpi small,
their second Joint very short.

Pronotum is much narrower than elytra, somewhat narrowing posteriorly

with strongly deflected, rounded off fore-corners and obtuse-angular hind

corners; elytra longer than pronotoui with prominent humeral corners, their

i

-120-

(Page 78)
posterior margin inside the outer corners tnouryed; abdomen equally broad
or broadest across the fourth and fifth free joints, from there feebly nar-
rowing anteriorly and tapering posteriorly; ixs first four free dorsal joints
strongly depressed at base, the legs are slender, all tarsi 5-jointedj
first joint of middle-tarsi short, very little longer than the second, first
joint of hind tarsi as long as the three following joints together, much
longer than the claw-joint. Sex-characters do not appear.

The species favour shaded places on damp ground, vjhere they live hid-
den under leaves and other plant-cover. Throughout Middle and North Eu-
rppe 6 species are distributed, of which at least 5 also are found in this
country.

Key to Species.

1. Pronotum v.ith especially fine and dense punctation, dull, most often

with a distinct longitudinal groove in the middle-line 2.

Pronotum less densely punctated, more or less glistening, without

longitudinal groove 3.

2. Abdomen somewhat glistening, anteriorly with dense, posteriorly scat-

tered punctation. L. 4.5 mm 1. 3. nigrita Mannh.

Abdomen entirely dull, all over extremely densely punctated. L. 3 mm.
2. G. protensa Mannh.

3. Abdomen extremely densely and finely punctated, with rather dull

gloss. L. 2-2. L mm 3. C. aethiops Jravh.

Abdomen with more or less isolated punctation and glistening 4.

4. Forebody strongly glistening, finely haired, elytra without or with

insignificant scabrous puncttiiion 5.

-121-

(Page 78)

4. Forebody feebly glistetiins, densely and rather coarsely haired, elytra

with distinct scabrous punctation. L. 2.5-3 mm.: 6. C. rufescens Kr.

5. Antennae in mature specimens dark, only red at base. L. 3.5 mm....

4. C. uli.;:inosa Er.

Antennae red with lighter base. L. 3 mm 5. C. rlparia Er.

1. C. nigrita Mannh.

(Wannh. Brach. 66; Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 3C3; ien. Spec. Staph. 65;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 141; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 3C1; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip.
1874, 533; Janglb. Kaf. M, II, 97).

Our largest species; and in combination with this easily identified
by the very dense punctation and hair vestiture of the forebody, and by
the distinct gloss of abdomen.

Elongated and rather evenly broad; black; antennal base, mouth-parts,
knees and tarsi reddish; forebody very densely and finely silver-grayish
haired, dull or dully glistening, abdomen less densely haired, distinctly
glistening. (Fig. 27). (Page 79)

Forebody extremely finely and densely punctated; head not as broad as
pronotum; antennae long and rather robust, their third joint much shorter
than the second, the following (4-10) feebly transverse. Pronotum longer
than broad, much narrower than the elytra with anteriorly rounded, poste-
riorly almost straight sides, feebly convex with a flat transversal fovea
posteriorly before scutellum, and one as a rule distinct longitudinal groove
in the middle-line; the elytra somewhat longer than pronotum; abdomen of
rather equal breadth, the foremost dorsal joints with dense and very fine,
the hindmost more scattered punctation. L. 4.5 ram.

-122-

(Page 7e)

Distributed, but very rare or local and most often singly in alluvium

at marshes and under leaves at forest lakes or on shady, boggy woodland

ground; rarely in large numbers (Hillerpd 3. 1910-11).

2. g. protensa t.'.annh.

(Mannh. Brach. 86; Kraatz In;;. D. II, 142; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 302;
Muls. et Pey Br^vip. 1874, 536; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 98. - humilis Erichs.
Keif. Uk. Br. I, 303; Jen. Spec. Staph. 65).

Very closely allied to nigrita, but much smaller than this, distingu-
ished by an all over especially dense and especially fine punctation, which
in connection with a very fine, aense gray hair vestiture make both fore-
body and abdomen equally dull or dully glistening. The antennae are short-
er than in the preceding species, their middle- and next-last joints more
transverse; the elytra are also shorter, only a little longer than pronotum;
antennae and legs are most often brownish-red, and in teneral aniipals the
elytra are brownish. L. 3 mm.

It is found in similar places as nigrita, but is much rarer (Odense;

Lundbykrat at Aalborg; several places in Nordsjaelland) .

3. C. aethiops iravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 77; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 306; Jen. Spec. Staph. 68;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 144; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 302; iVuls. et Rey Erevip.
1874, 54R; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 99).

Our smallest species, and besides by this identified by the dense punc-
tation and dull or modulated gloss of abdomen.

Black or brownish-black, gray-haired, feebly jlistening; antennae pltch-

(rage 80)

brown, their base, the mouth-parts, knees of thu legs and tarsi brownish-red.

In teneral animals the elytra, abdominal tip, antennae and legs more or less

brownish red.

-123-

(Page 80)

The head is indistinctly punctated; antennae robust, their third joint
only half as lon^ as the second, the fourth short and like the middle and
next-last ones strongly transverse. Pronotum is about as broad as long,
much narrower than elytra, feebly narrowing posteriorly, very finely and
very densely punctated with a feeble transversal fovea before the scutel-
lum; elytra distinctly longer than pronotum and like this very finely and
densely punctated; abdomen right to the tip with extremely fine and dense
punctation, feebly or dully glistening. L. 2-2.5 mm.

Tistributed all over, and not rare on damp meadow and forest ground,

in the spring often numerous in alluvium.

4. C. uliginosa 2r.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 305; (Jen. Spec. Staph. 67; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
143; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 302; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1374, 539; langlb.
Kaf. Li. II, 98).

Among the most closely allied species especially recognized by the col-
or and by the strong gloss of the body.

Black, stiongly glistening; forebody with fine and short, abdomen with
somewhat longer, sparse hair-clothing; antennae dark, their base, the mouth-
parts, and knees of the legs and tarsi rust-red. In teneral animals the an-
tennae and tibiae are brownish red.

The head is extremely finely or indistinctly punctated; antennae long
and rather robust, their third Joint much shorter than the second, the
fourth much smaller than the fifth, a little broader than long, the fifth
and sixth broader than the following, the next-last ones feebly transverse.
Pronotum is much narrower than elytra with anteriorly rounded, , posteriorly
slightly incurved sides, convex, especially finely and rather densely punc-

-124-

(Page 80)
tated with one, often indistinct transversal fovea posteriorly before the
scutellum; elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, with somewhat more dis-
tinct and dense punctation than this, rather convexj abdomen slightly widen-
ed posteriorly, its first four free dorsal joints in transversal grooves
robustly punctated, elsewhere with very fine and scattered, and consider-
ably less dense punctation than the following joints, L. 3.5 mm.

Distributed and next to aethiops our most common species; everywhere
however rather rare; on boggy damp forest or meadow ground.

5. G. riparia iir.

(Srichs. Keif. Mk. Br. I, 305; Jen. Spec. Staph. 68; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 144; Muls. et Pey Bre'vip. 1874, 542; ianglb. Kaf. IL. II, 98).

Somewhat smaller than the preceding species, to which it otherwise is
very closely allied, and easily confused with.

Black, finely haired, glistening; elytra along the suture, and abdom-
inal tip most often brownish red; antennae red or rust-red with lighter

(Page 81)
base, the legs pitchy-red, their knees and tarsi, often also tibiae, lighter.

Head and pronotum punctated like in uliginosa; antennae somewhat short-
er than in same, but similar in structure, pronotum a little shorter and
quite as densely punctated and with a feeble transversal fovea poeterior-
ly before the scutellum, v.hich often dissolves into two small punctiformis
foveae. iilytra are scarcely as broad as in uli^'inosa, a little longer than
pronotum, very finely and densely, more distinctly punctated than same; ab-
domen same as in uliginosa. L. 3 mm.

-125-

(Pa:je 31)

Very rare and singly on boggy ground under leaves and in alluvium

(Odense, Strand at K^ge, Nyk^bing F. et al.)- I^ is found in Non^'ay, but

not in Sweden.

6. C. rufescens Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 144; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1874, 545; IJanglb. Kaf.
M. II, £9).

Very closely allied to preceding species, but a little smaller and
most often lighter colored; brown or reddish-brown, gray-haired; the head
and abdomen with exception of the tip and posterior margins of its joints
pitch-black; antennae and legs rust-red. The forebody is rather feebly or
moderately glistening, more distinctly and densely punctated than in the
two preceding species: pronotum densely or very densely, finely punctated,
elytra very densely, rather finely ana distinctly scabrously punctated.
Punctation of abdomen is all over rather dense and smooth. L. 2.5-3 mm.

Said to be particularly distributed in the southern Kiddle Europe and
very rare in the northern part. In this country it is not heretofore with
certainty denoted, but one specimen in my collection must, notwithstanding
the too dark color, according to the punctation of body etc. most nearly
be assigned to this species; it was sifted in Sk>^rping Holme south of Aal-
borg, E. P4, fr'om moist leaves.

15. Senus Amarochara Thoms.

(Thoms. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1858, 62; Skand. Col. II, ^03; F/.uls. et
P.ey Erevip. 1S74, 524; Janglb. Kaf. M, II, 99).

The species of this genus are distinguished by, that the robust first

jOint of the antennae (Fig. 28) is dorsally provided with an oblique groove

-126-

(Page 81)
or longish fovea, at least j as long es the joint, for the reception of
the base of second Joint, when the antennae bend backward, this peculiar-
ity may be traced in several >\leocharini species which have a tendency
to lay the antennae back, but in no others is this so strickingly devel-
oped as here. So as better to fall into the incision of first joint, the
base of second joint is curved.

Fig. 28. First three joints of antenna in Amarochara umbrosa Sr.
First joint v.ith groove (f.), second v.ith bend and out-
curved base.

(Page 82)

Furthermore Amarochara is very closely related both to Calodera and

Ilyobates. Of the t\so following species A. umbrosa i s by Srichson and

Kraatz assigned to Calodera, and A. forticornis to Ilyobates. However

the abdomen in A. umbrosa has in contrast to Calodera not four but only

three at base depressed dorsal joints, ana in A. forticornis the mesor

sternum has in contrast to Ilyobates no carina in the middle-line.

Both species live on damp ground under leaves or at the brim of lakes,

especially woodland lakes, in alluvium.

Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. Abdominal first three free dorsal joints depressed at base. Temples

and genae not marginated: 1. subg. Amarochara s. str. Thoms. L.

3 mm 1. A. umbrosa Er.

Abdominal first four free dorsal joints depressed at base. Temples

and genae marginated: 2. subg. Mniobates '/uls. I. 4. mm

2. A. forticornis Boisd.

-127-

(Pase 82)

1. Subgenus Amarochara s. str. Thons.

1. A. umbtosa Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. m. Br. I, 304; Jen. Spec. Staph. 6t; Kraatz Ins. E.
II, 145; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 303; Mul s. et Rey Brevip. 1874, 527;
Janglb. Kaf. M. II, £9).

A narrow and fine species. In appearance like a Gal ode ra species,
especially recognizeablc by the standard characters of the subgenus.

Black, glistening, sparsely haired; elytra brown, at sides and base
obliterated black; legs yellow or brownish yellow; in teneral animals
are not alone the elytra, but also pronotum, tip of abdomen and posterior
margins of its joints, also antennal base, and the mouth-parts lighter
or darker reddish-brown.

The head is almost smooth; antennae robust and rather long, their
first joint tr.lck and dorsally provided with an oblique groove, about
half as long as the Joint, the base of second Joint curved, third Joint
shorter than the second, the fourth short and broad, the middle and next-
last ones (5-10) of equal breadth, about tv.ice as broad as long. Pro-
notum is narrower than elytra, scarcely broader than long with smoothly
rounded sides and obtusely rounded off hind corners, punctation very fine,
isolated, without impressions; elytra a little longer than pronotum, not
more densely, but somewhat more distinctly punctated than this, their pos-
terior margin inside the outer corners not incurved. Abdomen of equal
breadth, finely, but not densely punctated; Its first three free doDrsal
joints transversally grooved depressed at base. 1. 3 mm.

Distributed throughout North ana Middle Europe, everywhere rare; in

-128-

(Page 82)

this country heretofore only found here and there in North Sjaelland at

lakes and In woodland marshes, in alluvium and under damp leaves (at Furs^,

F/*nstrup Eamme and Salpetermosen at Hiller^d, Hornbaek).

(Page 83)

2. Subgenus Mniobates I«iuls. et Rey.

2. A. forticornis Boisd.

(Boisd. et Lac. Fn. Ent. I, £43; Erichs. 3en. Spec. Staph. 65; Kraatz
Ins. L. II, 136; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1874, 499; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, ICO).

Identified by the four abdominal Joints depressed at base, and by the
particularly robust, thick antennae,

Jlistenin^, viith sparse and rather long hair vestiture, darker or light-
er brownish-red; the head and abdomen v.ith exception of its tip and pos-
terior margins of its foremost Joints black or blackish-brown; antennal
base and the legs yellowish-red.

Father narrow and of even breadth; the head somewhat narrower than
pronotum, dorsally smooth, the sides with fine and scattered punctation;
antennae very robust and thick, longer than head and pronotum together,
their first joint dorsally rather short grooved, the second curved at base
and scarcely longer than the third, the fourth and fifth very short and
broad, the following and the next-last Joints about of equal thickness,
but the sixth somewhat shorter than the following, which are li times as
broad as long, distal ^oint obtusely tipped, rronotum is a littld broader
than long, very little nariower than elytra with smoothly rounded sides
and obtuse-angular hind corners, convex, very finely and not densely punc-
tated, without impressions. Elytia only a little longer than pronotum,

-129-

(Page 83)
v.ith robust and rather dense scabrous punctation, their posterior margin
inside the outer corners strongly incurved j abdomen of even breadth, strong-
ly glistening, its first four free dorsal joints strongly depressed at base,
in the transvei sal grooves v;ith robust and dense punctation, but the joints
elsewhere with rather fine, scattered punctation. L. 4 mm.

Distributed throughout Middle and South Curope; very rare in this coun-
try and found only singly in a few places on damp marshy or forest ground
(Taps, Hoptrup at Haderslev, Odense). This country is apparently its north-
ern boundary.

16. lenus Ilyobates Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 133 ex parte; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 3C4; Muls. et
Fey Brevip. 1874, 485 ex parte; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 101).

From Gal ode ra this genus is easily separated by longer and particular-
ly robust antennae, more densely and much more coarsely punctated elytra,
marginated temples and genae and finely carinated mesosternum.

The body (Fig. 29) is slender, yet rather robust, anteriorly more nar-
rowing than posteriorly; the head porrect, posteriorly narrowing and slight-
ly constricted, antennae long and especially robust, their third Joint as
long as or longer than the second; maxillary palpi slender, their fourth
Joint especially small, short and fine like in Calodera; The tongue deeply
cleft; the second Joint of labial palpi shorter than the first and third.

(Page 84)

Pronotum is narrower than elytra, fore-corners rounded off and deflect-
ed, hind corners almost rectangular; elytra longer than pronotum, their
posterior margin inside the outer corners strongly incurved; abdomen elon-

-130-

(Page 84)
^ated and rather evenly broad, its first four free dorsal joints strong-
ly depressed at base, the first three ventral joints impressed at base;
legs long, all tarsi 5-jointed; first joint of middle-tarsi hardly as
long as the two following joints together, first joint of hind tarsi near-
ly as long as the three following joints together, quite as long as the
claw-joint. Visible sex-characters do not appear.

The species live on damp ground under the plant cover, but are also
found with ants. In Middle and North Europe 2 species occur.

Key to the Species.

1. Pronotum as coarsely punctated as head and elytra. L. 4-5.5 mm

1. I. ni^-^ricollis Payk.

Pronotum much more finely punctated than head and elytra. L. 4-5 mm..

2. I. propinquus Aube.

1. I. ni^ricollis Payk.

(rayk. Fn. Suec. Ill, 400; Krichs. K4if. Mk. Br. I, 302; ien. Spec. Staph.
64; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 134; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 304; I'mIs. et Pey Erevip.
1874, 4S2; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 101).

Identifiable by trie very dense, all over equally coarse punctation of
the forebody and due thereto very feeble or dull gloss.

Rather narrov, and elongate, finely and sparsejy haired; head and pro-
notum dull; elytra feebly, abdomen rather strongly glistening. In mature
animals heaa ana pronotum are black, elytra brownish-red, abdomen pitch-
brown, its tip and posterior margin of its joints lighter, antennae and
legs yellowish-red. In teneral specimens the head and pronotum are brown,
elytra yellowish-red, abdomen brownish-rud,

-131-

(Page 84)

The head is narrower than pronotum (Fij. 29) and together with same
very densely and uniformly robustly or coarsely punctated, broadest across
the eyes, these rather small and somewhat protruding; the antennae much
longer than head and pronotum together, distally very robust, their third
Joint fully as long as the second, the following (4-10) increasing in thick-
ness and simultaneously in length, as long as broad or feebly transverse,
distal joint rather large and thick, obtusely tipped. Pronotum is narrow-
er than elytra, in the O as long as broad, in the o more transverse, with

(Page 65)
anteriorly slightly rounded, posteriorly feebly constricted sides, convex,
without distinct impressions. Klytra somewhat longer than pronotum, equal-
ly coarse, but not quite as dense punctation as in same, slightly convex,
their posterior margin inside the outer corners strongly Jnourvedj abdom-
en rather evenly broad, in transversal grooves with robust and coarse, else-
where with rather fine, scattered punctation. - The species varies somewhat
in size. - L. 4-5.5 mm.

Distributed and not rare; as well in forests under leaves as in mead-
ows and at seashores in alluvium; occasionally at anthills.

2. I. proplnquus Aub^.

(Aube Ann. Roc. Ent. ?r. 185C, 302; Uuls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1874, 4P6;
CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, lOii. - rufus Kraatz Ins. D. II, 135).

It is separated from nigricoll is, to which it is closely allied, name-
ly by: that the head and pronotum are more glistening, that pronotum is
much finer punctated than head and elytra even though as densely as these,
that elytra are robustly scabrously punctated, and that the color of the

(Page 85)
body is lighter, most often entirely reddish-brown; the head, pronotum and
abdomen hov»ever sometimes darker brown. L. 4-5 mm.

Its home is especially in Middle Kurope and is said mainly to be found
in company with Formica rufa and Myrmica rubra, however also in alluvium.
A single specimen in the late Konservator Liivendal ' s collection from Tiis^
seashore is probably this species.

17. Jenus Fhloeopora Br.

(Erichs. Kaf. Ijik. Br. I, 311; 5en. Spec. Staph. 76; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
324; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 288; Muls. et Pey Brevip. 1874, 435; (Janglb. Kaf.
M. II, 102).

Among the Aleocharina ^^enera, in which the head is constricted behind,
Phloeopora is identified especially by: that the first joint of hind tarsi
is shorter than the two following joints together. Furthermore the follow-
ing remarks:

The body is narrow and of rather equal breadth, slightly convex; the
head porrect and constricted behind; the eyes slightly prominent; temples
and genae finely, sometimes incompletely marginated; antennae short, their
third joint shorter than the second, the next-last ones strongly transverse;
maxillary palpi rather slender, the third joint longer than the second,
the fourth very small and fine, subuliform; the tongue short, cleft to the
middle; labial palpi fine, their first ^oint cylindrical, the second much
shorter than the first and third.

Pronotum is as Lroad as elytra or narrower than these, slightly narrow-
ing posteriorly with distinct hind corners and rounded off fore-corners;
the elytra at least as long as pronotum, their posterior margin inside the

-133-

(Page 85)
outer corners strongly incuni-ed; Hbdomen rather elongated and equally broad,
its first four free dorsal Joints depressed at base, the fourth sometimes
less distinctly depressed than the first three, the fifth free joint much

(Page 86)
longer than the fourth; the first three ventral joints slightly impressed
at base. The legs are rather short; all tarsi 5-jointed; first joint of
hind tarsi longer than the second, but shorter than the second and third
joints together, shorter than the claw-joint.

The species live under the bark of deciduous and pinaceous trees,
lAhich are attacked by bark -beetles, tiie young of the latter supposedly
serve as food for these and their larvae. - In this country 3 species are
heretofore found, a fourth, which like these is distributed in North and
Middle iiurope, is included in the following.

Key to Species.

1. Pronotum anteriorly as broad as elytra, distinctly broader than long.

L. 2.5-3 mm 1. P. reptans Jravh.

Pronotum narrower than elytra 2,

2. Pronotum with isolated punctation, rather strongly glistening, pos-

terior half the elytra red. the base set off v.ith black. L. 2.5-

3 mm 4. P. latens lir.

Pronotum densely punctated, dull or feebly glistening 3.

3. Pronotal surface extremely finely shagreened , , dull. L. 2.5-3 mm...

2. P. nnjustiformis fcaudi.

Pronotal surface not shagreened, feebly or moderately shining. L. 2.5-
3 ram 3. P. corticalis -^ravh.

-134-

(Page 86)

1. P. reptans Jravh.

(Jravh. lion. 154; Erichs. Kaf. Wk. Br. I, 311; ien. Spec. Staph.. 77;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 337; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 289; ^Janglb. Kaf. K. II,
104. - testacea I^annh. Brach. 86)

'"ithin the genus especially identifiable by the proportionately broad,
dull or dully glistening pronotum.

Narrow and evenly broad, finely gray-haired; feebly glistening; the
head black; pronotum black or blackish-brown, almost dull; elytra brownish-
red, at base often darker; abdomen black or blackish-brown with brownish-
red tip; antennae, mouth-parts and legs yellowish-red.

The head is nearly as broad as pronotum, densely and very finely punc-
tated, the surface indistinctly shagreened, somewhat glistening; antennae
short, thickened distally, their third joint smaller and shorter than the
second, the fourth small and rounded, the middle- and next-last ones (£-10)
increasingly strongly transverse, at least twice as broad as long. Prono-
tum anteriorly somewhat broader than long, very little or not narrower
than elytra, feebly narrowing posteriorly with distinct, but obtuse-an-
gular hind corners, slightly convex, very finely and densely punctated,
and furthermore the surface is especially finely and densely shagreened
and due thereto dull, posteriorly often with a feeble suggestion of two
longitudinal impressions before the scutellura. In the ^ the posterior
margin of pronotum is at middle feebly dilated posteriorly. Elytra only
slightly longer than pronotum, more robustly, but a little less densely
punctated than this, their posterior marjin inside the outer corners strong-
ly incurved; abdomen of even br^eadth, mort; glistening and sparsely haired

•135-

(Pa-e 86)
than forebody, anteriorly v.ith rather fine and dense, posteriorly more
isolated punctation, first four free dorsal joints equally strongly trans-

(Pa-e 87)
versally grooved depressed at base and the fifth much longer than the fourth
L. 2.5-3 mm.

Distributed in the woodland throughout the country, and not rare under
tark and in the jaleries of bark-beetles on trunks and stubs of infested
pinaclous trees.

2. P. an;^ustif ormis Liaudi.

(Baudi 3erl. Ent. Ztschr. 1869, 379; danjlb. Kaf. K. II, 104).

Very closely allied to and similar with reptans; (teste aanglbauer)
somewhat narrower; third joint of maxillary palpi brownish; abdomen en-
tirely black and its tip scarcely lighter. Pronotum is distinctly narrow-
er than elytra, broader than long, in the surface extremely finely shagreen-
ed and therefore dull, but as well as the elytra less finely and less dens-
ely punctated than in reptans; elytra longer than in this species, about
i longer than pronotum; the foremost dorsal joints of abdomen with rather
robust end dense punctation, the fifth free joint with fine and very iso-
lated punctation. L. 2.2-2.5 mm.

It is distributed in Kiddle and North Europe, but heretofore not found

in this country.

3. P. corticalis Oravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 76; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 312; ien. Spec. Staph. 77;
Kraatz Ins. ^. II, 337; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 285; Muls. et Fey Brevip.
444; ianglb. Kaf. V.. II, 105).

-136-

(Page 87)

In relation to reptans, to %hich it as a whole is closely allied,
especially recognized by narrower, not dull, but somewhat glistening
pronotum.

Black, finely haired, somewhat glistening; pronotum sometimes pitch-
brown; elytra brown or darkly brown, toward tip and at the suture red;
abdominal tip brownish; antennae distally pitch-brown, their- base, mouth-
parts and legs yellowish-red.

The head is finely and rather aensely punctated; antennae same as in
reptans; pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra and not broader than
long, finely and densely punctated and the surface not or very indistinct-
ly shagreened, therefore less dully glistening then in the preceding spe-
cies; posterior margin in the o is at middle distinctly tumid. Elytra a
little longer than pronotum, somewhat more distinctly, but less densely
punctated than in reptans; abdomen anteriorly with rather robust and dense,
posteriorly the fifth free dorsal Joint with scattered punctation. L. 2.5-
3 mm.

Quite surely rarer and more local than reptans, with which it is easi-
ly confused; in gnawings of bark-beetles on pine- and oak-trunks I have
found a few specimens in the forests at Hilleriid.

4. P. latens Er.

(^righs- ien. Spec. Staph. 78; ^ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 105. - major Kraatz
Ins..:;. II, 338.- producta I.'.uls. et Rey ErtJvip. 1874, 447).

Identifiable by tue rather strong gloss of the body, the isolated punc-
tation of pronotum, and the color of elytra, also that the fourth free dor-
sal joint of abdomen is notably more feebly impressed at base than the three

preceding joints.

-137-

(Page 88)

Black, glistening, rather sparsely haired; posterior half of the el-
ytra red, abdominal tip brownish; antennal base, mouth-parts, and legs
yellowish-red.

The head with fine and scattered punctation, its temples and ^enae
entirely mar^inated; antennal outer Joints (C-lo) less strongly trans-
verse than in reptans; pronotura distinctly narrower than elytra, with
rather fine and isolated, far less dense punctation then in the preceding
species, its sides endowed with a fev^ long bristles; posterior margin in
the cT^at middle slightly tumid and feebly incurved^ Elytra a little lon-
ger than pronotum, rather finely and not densely punctated; abdomen an-
teriorly with rather robust and dense, posteriorly scattered punctation,

-/I
the fifth free aorsal joint in the 0 most often with fine granulose punc-
tation. L. 2.5-3 mm.

Distributed in Ivliddle Europe; in this country heretofore only found
sparsely in tne forests of Lolland-Falster (Kmrhr. Fabritius-Tengnagel ,
4. SI, 5. 92).

2. Division lilyrmedoniina.
The head is not snout-like produced; maxillary palpi most often rather
short, their second and third joints as a rule not strikingly elongated;
fore-tarsi 4-Jointed, middle- and gind-tarsi E-jointed.

Key to tJenera.
1. thirst three free dorsal abdominal joints at aidet with yellowish tofts

of hair. Pronotal sides broadly turned upward 2.

First three free dorsal abdominal joints not with huir-tofts at side.
Pronotal sides not broadly upturned at sides 3.

-138-

(Page 88)

2. Femora rather broad, at tip yellowish haired.: 18. Lomechusa Cfravh.
Femora narrov. , at tip not yellowish haired 19. Atemelis Stiph.

3. Head feebly constricted behind; the constricted part more or less

inserted into pronotum and more than half as broad as the head

between the eyes (Fi^. 32, 36 et.al.) 4.

Head strongly neck-formed constricted behind; the neck at most half
as broad as the head between the eyes, oftenest much narrower
(Fig. 89) 10.

4. First joint of hind tarsi elongate, as long as the two-three follow-

ing joints together, most often longer than the claw-joint. (Fig.

32) 5.

First joint of hind tarsi short or very short, at most 1^ times as
long as the following joint, much shorter than the clav.-joint
(Fig. 38) 7.

5. >Jalea of the maxilla peculialy long (Fig. 31.1. e.). Antennae robust

with rather large distal joint (the species rather large. L. 4-6

mm) 20. Myrmedonia Er.

Jalea of the maxilla not unusually long. Antennae fine, slender (spe-
cies smaller or slenderer) 6.

6. Abdomen strongly narrowing posteriorly, its first tliree ventral joints

not impressed at base. t-.yes large; temples very short

26. Lrachyusa Mul s.

Abdomen e.iually broad or narrowing anteriorly, its first three ven-
tral joints impressed at case, i^yes not unusually large, shorter
than or about as long as the temples (Fig. 87. 88). : 27. Tuchyusa £r.

-139-

(Page 89)

7. Third joint of mexillery palpi proportionately larje and strongly

thickened, distal ^oint especially small, coniciBl(Fij. 34).
(the last two Joints of the antennae in our species is remark-
ably elongated, cylindrical, fi^. 33) 22. Gallicerus iravh.

Third joint of maxillary palpi normal, feebly thickened 8.

8. Mandibles with cleft tip (Fig. 35) (the species resembles a medium

sized Komaloia; the head small. (Fig. 36)... 23. Schistoglossa Kr.
I/.andibles with single tip 9.

9. Tongue cleft to the base, (the species evenly broad with yellow an-

tennae and legs; it somewhat resembles a small Phloeopora; . . . .

24 . Tomoglossa Kr .

The tongue cleft to the middle or only emarginate at tip (Fig. 37)

25. Homalota Er. (Kr. ).

IC. Slytra much shorter then pronotum 21. Astilbus Steph.

Elytra as long as or longer than pronotum 11,

11. Neck of the head about //j* as broad as the head between the eyes

28. Myrmecopora Saulcy.

?.'eck of the head very thin, 4 as broad as the head betv.een the eyes

(Fig. 89) 29. Kala^rla Steph.

18. Jenus Lomechusa iravh,

(viravh. Men. Micr. 178; Erichs. ien. Spec. Staph. 202; Kraatz Ins. E.
II, 112; Thorns. Skand. 3ol. II, 241; Kuls. et Eey Bre'vip. 1873, 10; ;anglb.
Kaf. I/.. II, 114).

Those, to this ^enus belonging species arc true myrmecophi les, , v.hich

in appearance, specialized body structure, and mone of livlnj are very unique,

-140-

(Paje 89)

The body is broad, oblong and rooust, dorsally somewhat flat, but ven-
trally ratner convex and abaomen upwardly curved. The posterior margin
of the first three free dorsal abdominal joints on each side v*ith dense
yellow hair-tufts; dorsally the body elsewhere with only extremely sparse,
short and fine hair vestiture, almost naked. The head is small, not constrict-
ed behind; temples and genae not margine ted; eyes small; antennae slender
and rather lon^; mandibles small; second ^oint of maxillary palpi a little
longer and more robust than the third, the fourth fine, short and subuli-
form; the tongue short and very broad, feebly emarginated at tip; first
joint of labial palpi is unusually thick and as long as the two other joints
together; mentum broadly and deeply emarginated, its corners strongly pro-
nounced.

Pronotum is very broad vith upwardly turned sides and flatly incurved
anterior margin, posterior margin at each side strongly and broadly in-*-
curvea its middle thereby distinctly rounded and the hind corners rect-
or obtuse-angularly prominent. The elytra together are broader than long
and posteriorly not entirely covering the broad epimera of the mesothoraxj
their posterior margin rather even, and inside the outer corners only very
feebly Incurved. Abdomen is somewhat broadened posteriorly, ventral side
convex, dorsal side concave with thick side-margins; when in motion as well
as at rest it curves strongly upward. Its first turtic free dorsal joints
are at base transversally grooved, the sixth broadly inourvrd with pro«-
-inent, halr-tofted corners; aLdominal tip is strongly contracted and is
only indistinctly visible. The legs are long and robust, nearest the coxae

-141-

(Page 89)
the femora are somewhat constricted, at middle and distally broad, at
knee-joints with dense yellow hair; fore-tarsi with 4, the others 5 joints;
first joint of hind tarsi elongated, about as long as the two following

joints together. (Page 90)

Of the 2 European species, which belong to this genus, the one, inf lata
Zett., has its habitat in Lapland, and is found with Formica rufa; the
other, strumosa Jravh., is distributed in North and Middle iurope and
also found in this country. It is proved that it lives exclusively in
the ant-hill, there undergoing all its developing as a dependent foster
child of the ant-hosts. The ants treat it and its young as their own, feed
as well the beetle as its larvae with regurgitated nutritious juice, and
take them along when changing abode. In return the beetle permits the ants
to lick the juice vjhich it exudes on diverse places of the body, especial-
ly the hair-tufts of abdomen. Furthermore it is later proved (E. "/asmann),
that it is not always satisfied with the feeding by the ants alone, but
also helps itself to some nourishment, inter alia, ant-eggs. The same
is the case with its larvae.

1. L. strumosa ^ravh.

(Jravh. ?'licr. 91; Erichs. -ten. Spec. Staph. 203; Kraatz Ins, L. II,
113; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 242; Muls. et Rey Lr^vip. 1873, 13; Janglb.
Kaf. v.. II, 115).

Reddish-brown, greasy -jlistening; The head, thorax, and abdominal
middle joints most often brownish-black.

The head is flat, finely shagreened and Gull, anteriorly broadly grooved;
the antennae not thickened diatelly, considerably longer than head and

•142-

(Page 90)
pronotum together, their first joint thick, incurved at tip, the third
much longer than the short second joint, the middle and next-last joints
cupulif ormand short stemmed, distal joint longish tapering. Pronotum
(see above) is about twice as broad as long, posteriorly as broad as the
elytra, the sides immarginate, rounded anteriorly, posteriorly straigth
with pronounced, almost rectangular, at tip slightly rounded off hind-
corners, the dorsum at middle with very fine, scattered granulose punc-
tation, the middle-line finely grooved, the upturned sides very finely
shagreened. The elytra longer than pronotum, very finely and not densely
punctated, the surface particularly finely reticulated, scarcely visibly
and very sparsely , yellow haired; abdomen almost impunctate and smooth;
posterior margins of its first three or four free dorsal joints at sides
and on side-margins densely golden yellowish haired. L, 5-6 ram.

It lives in the mounds with Formica sag^uinea (also in those with F.
f usca mixed abodes), and is probably distributed with this ant; it is here-
tofore only found in a few places in this country, in North S^aelland
(Teglstrup Hegn near Helsingj/r, lisvilde 'legn, Ilolte) and either found
running in the nearness of the mound or sifted from the contents of same,
especially in the spring-months. Is said also to be found exceptionably
with Form, rufa.

(Page 91)
19. ienus Atomeles Steph.

(Sttiph. 111. Brit. V, 1832, 107; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 114; Thorns. Skand.
3ol. II, 243; F/uls. et Rey Bre'vlp. 1873, 17; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 109).

This genus has, in structure or body and appearance, so much in com-
mon with Lomechusa. that only the most obvious deviations are here set forth

-143-

(Page SI)

The body is much smaller; antennae proportionately more robust, their
third Joint shorter, but the distal joint longer. The hind corners of pro-
notum are more elongated and acute, and the side-margins of the first three
free dorsal joints of abdomen, but not the posterior margins golden-yel-
low haired. The legs are less robust, femora slender and not haired at the
knee-joints; hind tarsal first joint much shorter than in Lomechusa, much
shorter than the second and third joints together.

From the end of August to the beginning of June of the following spring
the Atemeles species abide with Myrmica rubra (v. laevlnodis, v. ruginodis,
V. ru:<ulosa and v. scabrinodis) and are treated by the ants like Lomechusa
by Formica san.^ulnea; the ants feed and groom them and take them along when
they move. The beetles are not satisfied with the ant's feeding alone,
but also consume remnants of dead ants etc., and occasionally attack the
K'uraiica pupae, which are not protected by cocoons. Therefore these ants
chase them out of the abode while their young are bein^ reared. They now
scout about in search of suitable pieces for their ofspring, they seek and
are received by several Formica species (especially f usca and ruf ibarbis) ,
v.hich like to lick the moisture which the beetles exude. They lay their
ejjs in the abode of these ants, and here their young are reared by the ants,
which treat them as their own, notwithstanding the beetle-larvae will attack
the tender ant-brood. After finished develpment, et the end of August,
Atemeles again leave the mounds of Formica, and return to '.'y rmica, where
they winter.

Of those in Europe distributea 6 species, ? are found in this country.

.144.

(Page £1)
- The larva of Atemeles emar::;inatus (?) is described and illustrated by
bl. "'asmann: Lebensweise d. CJatt. Atemeles u. Lomechusa. Haaj 1888, 81.

Key to Species.
1. Antennal third joint at most 1» times as lonj as the second. The first
three free dorsal abdominal joints at middle shortened by trans-
verse folding. L. 4-4.5 mm 1. A. emarginatus Payk.

Antennal third joint more elongate, twice as lon^ as the second. First
three free dorsal joints not shortened at middle by transverse
folding. L. 4-4.5 mm 2. A. paradoxus (Jravh.

1. A. emarginatus Payk.

(Payk. Won. Staph. 56; Srichs. Kiif. l/ik. Br. I, 376; Jen. Spec. Ptaph.
2C£; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 117; Thorns. Skand. 3ol. II, 244; Muls. et Rey Br^-
vip. 1873, 3C. Tanglb. K'af. M. II, 112).

(Page 92)

Pust-red; elytra lighter, the head, middle part of pronotum and middle
of the foremost abdominal joints pitchy bro^r'n or pitch-black; occasionally
the entire pi onotum is black (v. nlKricollis Kr.)«

Head and pronotum especially finely shagreened, very sparsely, scarce-
ly visibly haired, with scattered and very fine punctetion, feebly glist-
ening; the antennae much longer than head and pronotum together (Fig. 3C) ,
not thickened distally, their first joint thick, the second short, the third
k time longer, the fourth and fifth as broad as long, the following, 6-10,
fully as long as broad, very short-stemmed, distal joint narrow, longer
than the two preceding joints together, lenghty and feebly tuperlng. Pro-
notum Is much broader than long, posteriorly across the corners broader than

-145-

(Page S2)
elytra, narrowing anteriorly, the fore-corners rounded off and fore-mar-
jin almost straight, sides immarginate, behind the middle more or less,
incurved,, rarely straight, hind corners very acute, obliquely outwardly
prolonged, posterior margin at middle roundly produced, at each side broad-
ly and strongly curved, dorsal side rugged, at sides concavous impressed,
slightly grooved in middle-line. Elytra only a little longer than prono-
tum , extremely finely and very densely punctated, with very fine and short,
rather dense yellovw hair vestiture, feebly silky-gloesy ; abdomen almost im-
punctate and smooth, glistening, its first three free dorsal joints back of
the transversal grooves shortened by transverse folding. L. 4-4.5 mm.

Not rare in the early spring with the diverse forms of t/yrmica rubra,
later especially with Formica fusca, but also v.ith F. sanguinea.

2. A. paradoxus (iravh.

(Jravh. Mon. Micr. 180; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Er. I, 376; 5en. Spec. Staph.
203; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 116; Thorns. Skand. Col, II, 243; Wuls. et Rey Bre'-
vip. 1873, 26; langlb. Kaf. M. II, 113).

Much like emarginatus in size, form and color, but identified by, that
the third Joint of the antennae is more elongate and twice as long as the
second, that pronotum anteriorly is much broader, rarely slightly narrow-
ing, occasionally rounaly dilated (v. laticollis) , its hind corners short-
er and less outwardly produced, dorsum indistinctly or scarcely punctated,
but on each side in the concavity with a round fovea, which rarely is want-
ing, and only exceptionally found in the preceding species; the foremost
dorsal joints of abdomen finely and densely punctated and not shortened
by transverse folding. L. 4-4.5 mm.

-146-

(Page 93)

Much rarer than emarglnatus; at first in the spring v.ith Myrmica rubra

(especially with var. rug i nod is and scabrinodis) . later as larva and imago

with Formica riflbarbis and fusca (?) (Jae^erspris, Brede, J0rholms-Common,

Kornbaek; Hammer hills in Vendsyssel, T^estrup near Aalborg).

20.. Jenus Myrmedonia Lr.

(liriohs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 286; :Jen. Spec. Staph. 35; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
118; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 255, 257 {"ZyrasJ; I.luls. et Rey Brevip. 1873,
50, SS/Zyras] ; ianglb. Kaf. .M. II, 116).

The Myrmedonia belong to the most considerable and beautiful staphyli-
nids in this division, remarkable inter alia, by the structure of the mouth-
parts and the socalled myrmecophlle mode of living of most of the species.

The body is proportionately robust, rather broad, most often of even
breadth; the head (Fig. 31) posteriorly rounded off and somewhat constrict-
ed, the constricted part short and more than half as broad as the head;
the antennae robust and rather long, more or less thickened distally, their
third joint longer than the second; the eyes rather large, somewhat prom-
-inent, by the rather broad, most often distinctly marginated jenae sep-
arated from the mouth-corners, v/hich reach far back, often beyond the pos-
terior margins of the eyes. The outer lobe of the maxillae, the galea,
is extraordinarily and peculiarly long, much longer then the inner lobe,
lacinia; maxillary palpi long and slender, their last Joint very small,
subuliform; the tongue narrow, cleft at tip; labial palpi slender.

Pronotum varies in form; elytra as long as or longer than pronotum,
their posterior margin inside inside the outer corners feebly inoucved;
abdomen broad with high margins, it^ first three onLircxy exposed (free)
dorsal joints depressed at base. The middle coxae are (in our species)

-147-

(Page 93)
rather broadly separated, aad raesosternum very short, its tip broadly
rounded off and scarcely reacheg '/»> f or^ardly between the coxae; the legs
long and slender; the fore-tarsi 4-jointed, the others 5-Jointed; first
joint of hind tarsi longer than the two following Joints together, very
elongated, longer than the claw-joint.

Myrmedonia species are called "myrmecophile " (ant-friendly), but hard-
ly appropriately, since their relation to the ants in reality is hostile.

(Page 94)
The flock to the ant hills, and often surround these in great numbers there
to attack and consume single scouting or v.eak ants. The ants seem not to
resent their effrontery so long as they stay outside the mound, where they
lie in ambush under leaves, twigs and lumps of earth, but if they enter
the ant hill, then tha ants persue them and seek to chase them out. "?hen
persued or by any disturbance sense danger, they curve abdomen upward and
forward, and seemingly then, more than ordinarily, exude a peculiarly sharp
odorous moisture which the ants either are confused by, or dislike.

In this country 7 species are found, of which collaris deviates from

the rest, and must be placed in a special subgenus; several other species

are together with these distributed in Middle Europe.

Kig. 31. Head of Myrmedonia llmbata Tayk. (ventral view), g.gula-
m. Qientum.- 1. tongue (ligula). - p. lab. tonguepalp.- l.i.lacina.-
l.e. ^alea. - p. rax. maxillary palpi. - K.jena. - T. temple. -k. mar-
gin of temple and gena.- 0. eye.

Key to Subgenera and Species.
1. Fronotum with Isolated and deep nunctation; antennae with long, out-

-148-

(Fa^e 94)
-standing bristles: 1. Subgenus Zyras Steph.- Pronotum vivid red.
L. 4-5 mm 1. U, collaris Payk.

1. Fronotum densely and finely J)unctated, antennae without lon^, out-

standing bristles: 2. subgenus Myrinrdonia s. str 2.

2. Pronotum not twice as broad as long..... .3.

Fronotum short, twice as broad as long 6.

3. First four dorsal Joints of abdomen densely punctated; distal joint of

the antennae as long as the three preceding joints together. L. 4.

5-5 mm 2. U. limbata Payk.

Abdomen nearly impunctate and smooth; distal joint of the antennae as
long as the two preceding joints together 4.

4. ^olor of body entirely black. L. 5 mm 3. M. funesta Oravh.

Color of the body more or less brownish 5.

5. Pronotal sides posteriorly feebly incurved or almost straight. L. 5-6

mm 4, M. humeralis JJravh.

Pronotal sides rounded, posteriorly not incurved, nor straight. L. 5

mm 5. M. co-;nata Mark.

£. Elytra longer than pronotum, brownish-yellow, around scutellum and on
the sides behind humery dark. L. 4.5-5 mm.:. 6. M. lugens Iravh.
Elytra only as long as pronotum, entirely pitch-black or pitchy-brown.

L. 3.5-4 mm 7. U.. laticollis Markl.

1. Subgenus Zyras Steph.
1. M. collaris Payk.
(Payk. Fn. Suec. Ill, 401; trichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 2S0; Jen. Spec. Staph.

-14S-

(Page 94)

43; Kraatz Ins. ?-. II, 122; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 25f; J.-uls. et Pey Erevip.
1873, 46; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 119).

Amon^ our l.l.yrmedonia species easily identified both by the form, color
and punctation of the forebody.

The body is not of equal breadth as in the following species, but is
anteriorly strongly narrowing, glistening, sparsely haired with many side-
bristles; the head, elytra, abdominal tip, me so- and meta-thorax also the
antennae except their tip near bleck or brownish black; pronotum and the

(Pa-e £5)
first 4-5 free abdominal joints vivid yellowish-red or red; the 3-4 last
antennal Joints and the legs yellow.

The head is a little narrower than pronotum, the sides with Isolated
and rather coarse punctation, otherwheres smooth and polished; antennae
robust, with outstanding bristles; pronotum much narrower than elytra, a
little broader than long, posteriorly very feebly narrowing, with rather
coarse and very scattered punctation with a small, deep fovea posteriorly
before scutellum; elytra a little longer than pronotum, with not very dense,
but coarse and rather deep punctation; sides of abdomen slightly rounded;
its first three free dorsal jointt: deeply depressed at base, in the trans*
versal grooves coarsely punctated, elsewhere together with ine lollowing
joints almost smooth, polished. L. 4-5 mm.

In the o the posterior margin of the sixth free abdominal Joint rounded
at tip, in the 3^ slightly incurved and the corners tnereby feebly dentiform.

It lives especially on moist ground and is mopt often found in alluvi-
um, more rarely at ant hills with Lasius fuliginosus or Formica rufa; dis-
tributed, but as a whole rare.

-150-

(Page 95)

2. Subgenus My r me don la s. str.

2. M. limbata Payk.

(Payk. Uon. Staph. 54; Erichs. Keif. I«!k. Br. I, 288; Jen. Spec. Staph.
37; Kraatz Ins. 2. TI, 125; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 258; Muls. et Key Brevip.
1873. 55; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 123).

This species is separated from all the following by the long distal
joint of the antennae, and by the punctatlon of abdomen.

Evenly broad, finely haired, glistening. Pitch-black, pitch-brown or red-
dish yellow-brown; the head black; elytra at base and sides, also the fore-
most abdominal joints more or less widely brownish-yellow; antennae, mouth-
parts and lejs yellowish-red or rust-red.

The forebody with very fine, the head rather isolated, pronotum dense
or very dense punctation; antennae robust, their next-last joints twice
as broad as long, distal joint large, as long as the three preceding joints
together. Pronotum is 1^ times as broad as long, feebly narrowing pos-
teriorly with rounded sides, a little narrower than elytra, which are no
longer than pronotum. The first four free dorsal joints of abdomen with
smooth, fine and rather dense, the following with more scattered puncta-
tlon. L. 4.5-5 mm.

In the 3* pronotum has a broad longitudinal impression at middle, deep-
est posteriorly, and posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of ab-
domen semi-luner formed, the edge finely notched and the hind corners acute-
ly produced. (Page 96)

Distributed, but rare ana mostly singly, in company with Formica fusca,
sangulnea and exsecta, also Laslus flavus and Myrmica rubrw.

-151-

(Page 96)

3. M« funesta Jravh.

(iravh. Mod. 168; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 887; (Jen. Spec. Staph. 38;
Kraatz. Ins. D. II, 124; Thoras. Skand. Col. II, 257; Muls. et Rey Brevip.
1873, 62; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 122).

Ey the slender form of the body and Its unicolorous black color, this
species is easily separated from those most closely allied.

Elongate and of even breadth, glistening black, very finely haired;
antennae and mouth-parts rust-red; legs blackish-brown, their tibiae and
tarsi most often brownish-red.

Forebody very finely punctated, pronotum and especially the elytra
finely and also densely punctated; antennae robust, the next-last Joints
transverse, distal joint as long as the two preceding joints together.
Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra, 1^ times as broad as long and
slightly constricted behind; elytra scarcely longer than pronotum; abdom-
en smooth. L. 5 mm.

In the d^ the pronotum in middle-line with a rather flat longitudinal
groove, which posteriorly ends in a fovea, furthermore at each side often
with an arcuate impression; the sixth free abdominal Joint posteriorly
more evenly truncated than in the O , and the posterior margin indistinct-
ly notched; the next-last ventral Joint is prolonged and rounded off at tip.

It is only found with Laslus fuliglnosus, which it resembles in color,

and is often found numerously around the mound of same; distributed with

the host-ant.

4. U. humeralls Iravh.

(iravh. Uicr. 90, iirich?. Kaf. I/k. Br. I, •387; Jen. Spec. Staph. :iO;
Kraatz. Ins. D. II, 122; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 2tf^i f/ul.-. et Rey tr^vip.
1873, 65; :;anglb. Kaf. M. II, 122).

-152-

(Page 96)

Our largest species; recognized by its size and fiarthermore especial-
ly by the color of the body and by the foru of pronotum.

Pitch-black or pitch-brown; elytral humeri and base, also the foremost
abdominal joints brownish-yellow or reddish yellow-brown; antennae reddish-
brown, their base, mouth-parts, and the legs yellowish-red or brownish yel-
low.

The forebody is finely or very finely, and especially elytra, very dens-
ely punctated, finely haired, somewhat glistening; the antennae (Fig. 32)
rather robust, their second Joint small, the middle and next-last ones
increasingly transverse, distal joint as long as the two preceding joints
together. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, somewhat broader than
long, slightly narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly rounded, posteriorly
almost straight, or feebly incurved sides, dorsally rather flat with a
more or less decided longitudinal impression in middle-line and an arcuate

(Page 97)
impression at each side; elytra as long as pronotum; abdomen almost smooth,
glistening. L. 5-6 mm.

In the 5^ the forehead is impressed at middle, Pronotal longitudinal
impression broader and deeper than in the p ; posterior margin of sixth
free dorsal Joint of abdomen is rather evenly truncated, the margin indis-
tinctly serrated; the next-last ventral Joint prolonged and broadly round-
ed off.

father common everywhere around the mounds of Formica rufa, under leaves

and twigs, less frequent with Lasius fuli^inosus.

•I5:i-

{Taze 97)

5. U, co.^nata Mark.

(Mark. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1842; Kraatz. Ins. D. II, 12:5; Thoms. Skand.
Col. II, 256; rails, et Rey Brevip, 1873, 69; Janglb. Ka?. M. II, 122).

Smaller and narrower than humeralls; identified especially by the color,
characters of pronotum, and the sex-characters of o^ .

Pitch-brown; humeri ori base of elytra, and posterior margins of the
foremost abdominal Joints often yellowish-brown; antennae and legs brown-
red or rust-red.

Forebody very finely and densely punctated, denser and finer than in
the preceding species, very finely haired with silky gloss; antennae rather
strongly thickened distally, their next-last joints nearly tv^lce as broad
as long, distal joint thick, as long as the two preceding joints together.
Pronotum very little narrower than elytra, 1^ times as broad as long with
rather smoothly rounded sides and scarcely narrowing posteriorly, convex
and posteriorly before the scutellum with a depression which is divided
into three parts; elytra as long as pronotum; abdomen smooth and glisten-
ing. L. 5 mm.

In the O the forehead is flatly depressed, thereby poBteriorly forming
an arcuate, sharp transverse ridge across the vertex; the sixth free dor-
sal joint of abdomen flatly emarginated and the margin very finely notched.

It js mostly found in company with Lasius fuli-^inosus and may be en-
countered numerously under leaves, fagot and in crumblings around its abode;
it ie. distributed with the host-ant, can also, mbre rarely however, be found
with ?ormica fusca (Lundby Hills at Aalborg) and Form, exsecta (Blokhus
Hede, author).

-154-

(Page 98)

6. U. lug^ens iiravh.

(iJravh. I.'Iicr. &5j Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 289; len. Spec. Staph. 39; Kraatz
Ins. E. II, 126; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 76; ^anglb. Kaf. M. II, 123).

Shorter and comparatively broader than the preceding species; identified
by the color and also especially by the short, broad pronctum.

Rather short and broed, of even breadth; black, pitch-black or pitchy-brown
I ^jlistening, finely haired; elytra brownish yellow, around scutellum and on
outer hind corners more or less widely blackish-brown; the antennae brown,
their base, the mouth-parts, posterior margins of foremost abdominal joints,
and the legs brownish red or brownish red-yellow.

The head with very fine, scattered punctation; antennae rather short,
strongly thickened toward the tip, their next-last joints more than twice as
broad as long, distal joint a little longer than the two preceding joints
together. Pronotum almost as broad as elytra, short, twice as broad as long
with rather smoothly rounded sides and rounded off hind corners, slightly
convex, finely and densely punctated, with a suggested or feeble longitudi-
nal impression posteriorly before scutellum; elytra distinctly longer than
pronotum, with finer and denser punctation than same, their hair vestiture
finely silky-glistening; abdomen almost smooth. L. 4.5-5 mm.

In the O the forehead is slightly impressed, the posterior longitudinal
Impression on pronotum is more distinct than in Q , and posterior margin
of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen is slightly lnourv«<4, •

'"ith I-asius f'lll.^inosus. but local and rare (K;rfge, .;rede, Donse, Ilillerod).

7. M. laticollls Mark.
(Mark. Jerm. Ztschr. V, 203; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 127; Thorns. Skand. Col.

■155-

(Paaje 98)
II. 257; Muls. et Rey Bre'vlp. 1873, 61; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 124).

Our smallest species, easily identified ty the color and by the short,
broad pronotum.

Black; elytra most often brownish Liacic^ and posterior margins of the
abdominal joints narrowly reddish-brown; antennae reddish-brown, their base,
mouth-parts and legs brownish red.

The forebody is very finely and densely punctated, very finely haired,
with moderate silky or greasy gloss; antennae increasingly strongly thick-
ened distally, their next-last joints at least twice as broad as long, the
distal joint as long as the two preceding joints together. Pronotum is short,
and broad, twice as broad as long, across the middle as broad as elytra,
with smoothly rounded sides and rounded off hind corners; elytra very little
longer than pronotum; abdomen glistening, along posterior margins of the
individual dorsal joints sparsely and finely punctated, elsewhere smooth.
L. 3.5-4 mm.

In the 5^ the forehead is flatly: depressed , pronotum with densely and
finely shagreened surface, dully shining, with a feeble, broad longitudinal
impression at middle, occasionally slightly grooved in middle-line; poster-
ior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen very finely serrated
at the edge;- (Page 99)

It is distributed with the ant/lasius fuliginosus, and is often lound
numerously around the ant hill, together with several of the preceding spe-
cies.

21. jenus Astllbus Steph.

(Steph. 111. brit. fcnt. V, 1832. 1C6; Ihoms. Skand. Col. II. 259; ^anglb,

-156-

(Pa^e SS)

Kaif. t!.. II, 124. - Drusllla Boisd. Lac. Fn. Znt. 1835, 554; t^uls. et Rey
Erevip. 1873, 90).

The one single, to this ^enus belongin.^, and widely distributed North
and Middle European species differs not significantly in structure of mouth-
parts, mesothorax and tarsi from Myrraedonia, to which genus it often has
been assigned (Erichson, Kraatz). But the form of the body is much nar-
rower and more slender than in the true Myrmedonia. furthermore the head
is much more strongly constricted behind, the constricted portion more
neck-formed and scarcely half as broad as the head; the temples and jenae
not marginated. Pronotum is distinctly longer th^n broad and the elytra
peculiarly abbrevitited and rather flat, this is due to the species being
wingless. Abdomen is somewhat dilated posteriorly, its first three free
dorsal joints very strongly depressed at base; legs very slender.

Several Astilbus species are found in South 3urope ; like our follow-
ing species they prefer semi-damp ground, and often occur in alluvium, are
occasionally also encountered with ants, but are seemingly not as a whole
60 decidedly dependent on the ant hill and its tennants as most of the
Wyrmedonlas.

1. A. canaliculatus Fabr.

(Fabr. Want. Ins. 1787, I, 221; iirichs. Kaf. Mk. br. I, 290; Zen. Spec.
Staph. 36; Kraatz, Ins. D. II, 129; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 260; Muls. et
P.eyBr^vip. 1873, 93; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 125).

Elongated and narrow, very finely and sparcely haired; forebody feebly,
abdomen more strongly glistening. Light red-brown; the head and tiie two-
three next-last abdominal joints black; antennal base, mouth-parts and legs
reddl<;h yellow.

-157.

(Page 39)

The head is scarcely narrower than pronotum, both with robust and dense
or very dense punctation; antennae rather lonj and slender, their third
joint much longer than the second, the next-last feebly transverse. Pro-
notum narrow, distinctly longer than broad, slightly narrowing posteri-
orly, narrower than elytra, with rounded off hind corners, at middle either
deeply, broadly and longish ( o* ) or only posteriorly feebly ( o ) Impress-
ed, the impression in middle-line sharply grooved and with a small fovea
before scutellura. Elytra are almost only half as long as pronotum, v;ith
extremely dense, and coarse scabrous punctation; abdomen vvith fine, anter-
iorly isolated, posteriorly very scattered punctation. L. 4-5 mm.

(Page 100)

In the o pronotum in almost its entire lenght, but especially posteri-
orly, i& hollowly impressed; posterior margin of the sixth free abdominal
joint Is broadly ^nourved and finely serrated.

Distributed everywhere and rather common on seni-damp ground; frequent

in alluviurr^; it sometimes occur with Myrmica rubra, presumably lying in wait

for, attacking and devouring lone scouting ants.

28. "Jenus Galllcerus 5ravh.

(Jravh. Micr. £6; Kraatz, Ins. D. II, 137; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1873,
110; ;anglb. Kaf. W. II, 127. - qemiris Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 299).

The head is porrect, posteriorly rounded off and rather strongly con-
stricted; eyes prominent, temples and jenae not marginuted; antennae long
and comparatively robust, in our species remarkable by thw very elongated
tenth and eleventh joints (Fig. 33). Third joint of maxillary palpi (Fig. 34)
is unusually thick and longer than tn-, second, the fourth, distal joint very

-158-

(Page 100)
small and conical; the tongue rather short and broad, cleft to the middle;
labial palpi short.

Pronotum is much narrower than elytra, a little broader than long with
rounded off, strongly deflected fore-corners and posteriorly slightly con-
tracted sides; elytra ^ time lonijer than pronotum, their posterior margin
inside the outer corners feebly irrourved; abdomen rather evenly broad,
its first three free dorsal joints depressed at base; legs slender; fore-
tarsi 4-jointed, the others 5-jointed; first joint of hind tarsi very little
longer than the second, the two together somewhat longer than the claw-
joint.

The species live on damp ground; several species occur in f,5iddle and

Test Europe, of which only 1 is found in this country and in the rest of

Morth Burope.

Fig. 33. Antennae of Callicerus obscurus Oravh.

Fig. 34. i/axillary palpi of Oallicerus obscurus CJravh.

1. C. obscurus Gravh.

(Jravh. Uicr. 66; Kreatz. Ins. D. II, 138; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 299;
L'uls. et Rey Brevip. 1873, 116. Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 128. - jjiomalotaj cal-
licerus Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 319; den. Spec. Staph. 84).

Black, finely gray-haired; forebody dull, abdomen glistening; elytra

balckish-brown or reddish-brov^n, legs brownish yellow, most often v.ith

darker femora.

(Page 101)

The head is nearly as broad a? pronotum, sllghtjy flatenod at middle, finely

grooved In middle-line, impunctate, l)ut the surface as well as that of jro-

notum finely and densely shagreened, and therefor'^ dull. .The peculiarities

•159-

(Paje 101)
of the antennae in this species serve as an easy identification mark, the
antennae are nearly as long as the foreboay, rather robust, their second
and third joints are of almost equal len^ht, the fourth, fifth and sixth
feebly, the following three more strongly, increasingly shortened and trans-
verse, the tenth joint cylindrical and as lon^ as the two (^ ) or three
(^) preciding joints together, the distal joint is nearly twice as long
as the tenth, rather cylindrical, obtuse tip.. Pronotum much narrower than
elytra, fully as broad as long, anteriorly rounded off, poeteriorly feebly
narrowing, with obtuse-angular hind corners, slightly convex, very finely
or indistinctly punctated, feebly grooved in middle-line posteriorly; el-
ytra k time longer than pronotum, very finely, densely punctated, the sur-
face especially finely and densely shagreened; abdomen sparsely haired,
with fine and rather scattered punctation, the hindmost joints almost smooth.
L. 3 . mm.

Rare or very rare, especially on damp, marshy forest ground under leaves
and moss. (Uunkemose at Odense; Damhusmose at Copenhagen, Frerslev Hegn
et al. near Hillerod).

23. "Jenus Schl stoglossa Kr.

(Kraatz. Ins. C. II, 344j Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 97; Huls. et Pey Br^-
vlp. 1675, 336; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 130).

The one species belonging to this jenus, upon which Kraatz has found-
ed the genus, was by Krichson assigned to Homalata, which it as a whole
very much resembles. It deviates from this jtinus namely in, that the short,
robust mandibles (Fig. 25) are cleft in two at the tip, and that the tongue
(Fig. 35a) is more deeply cleft, almost to the base, into two somewhat sep-

-160-

(Pase 101)
arated narrow lobes. Turthermore the following remarks:

The body is slender and rather of even breadth; Ihe head small, rounded,
rounded off posteriorly but not constricted, much narrower than pronotuir,
V. ith ordinary large, hardly prominent eyes and very finely marginated temp-
les; antennae rather long and slender, feebly thickened distally, finely
bristle-haired; maxillary palpi rather slender, their third joint somewhat
thickened and a little longer than the second, the last one very fine, small,
subulif orm.

Pronotum nearly as broad as elytra, ik times as broad as long with round-
ed sides, rounded off fore-corners, and not entirely rounded off hind corners,

(Page 108)
slightly convex; elytra longer than pronotum, their posterior margin in-
side the outer corners feebly incurved; abdomen rather evenly broad, its
first three free dorsal joints depressed at base; legs rather slender;
fore-tarsi 4-jointed, the others 5-jointed; first joint of hind tarsi short,
however a little longer than the second, much shorter than the claw-joint.

The species is distributed in North and Middle Europe, especially on
boggy forest end meadow ground, and is also found in this country.

1. S. viduata Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 330; 3en. Spec. Staph. Ill; Kraatz Ins. T. IJ,
345; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 97; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1875, ?39; "Janglb. Kaf.
U. II, 131).

In conjunction with the generic characters especially identifiable by

the very fine, silky glistening hair vestiture of the body, and by the punc-

tation of abdomen, also by the sex-characters of o' . (Fig. 36).

-161-

(Page 102)
Black, very finely yellow-grayish haired, with moderated silky gloss;
antennae brownish, their base, mouth-parts and legs brownish yellow or yel-
lowi?h-red.

Surface of the body all over especially finely and densely shagreened;
the head with very fine, scattered punctation, and often with a small fovea
at middle; antennae considerably longer than head and pronotura to^jether,
slightly thickened distally, their first three joints rather elongated,
of equal length, the fourth longer than broad, the next-last about as broad
as long, distal joint oblong-tapering. Pronotum (see above) is anteriorly
more rounded and narrowing than posteriorly, behind middle about as broad
as elytra, very finely and densely punctated, with a more or less distinct
transverse fovea posteriorly before the scutellum, and in the o a flat lon-
gitudinal impression at middle, most distinct posteriorly. Elytra 1 '/s times
as long as pronotum, with very dense, rather fine scabrous punctation; ab-
domen feebly tapering posteriorly, its first four free ciorsal joints with
dense and fine, the following more robust, distinctly scabrous punctation.
L. 3-4 mm.

Next in importance, after the distinct longitudinal impression on pro-
notum, fls identification character, is that the punctation of the fifth
and especially sixth free dorsal Joints of abdomen in the o^is much more
robust than in the O , finely muricate; posterior margin cf the sixth free

joint is straight and very finely serrated.

Very rare and local; especially on bog^^y meadow and forest ground, also

on marshy ground and in alluvium at miry lake shores (Odense; Ilillerod,

and other places in Nordsjaelland) .

-162-

(Page 103)
On account of much similarity in appearance, form, color, size etc.
S. viduata can at first glance be confused with Oxypoda funebris; by closer
investigation it is however easily separated from this species by, that
the fore-tarsi are only 4-jointed, and that the first Joint of hind tarsi
is short, that the antennae are longer, their third joint more slender end
as long as the second, and that the body as a whole, but especially abdom-
en is less finely and densely punctated than in 0. funebris. It also in sev-
eral respects resembles certain species of Metaxya. subgenus of Homalota,
such as: H. clavipes, i slandia, Aubei ; the determining characters here -
next after the cleft mandibles - i^in be its small head, punctation of ab-
domen, sex-characters of the O , and the modulated, gray, silky gloss of
the body.

24. Jenus Tomoglossa Kr.

(Kraatz. Ins. D. II, 342; Uuls. et Rey Bre^'vip. 1875, 331. Janglb. Kaf.
:/. II. 131;.

Mainly by broader labrum, slenderer mandibles, and especially by more
deeply cleft tongue Tomo-;lossa differs from the otherwise very closely al-
lied genus Homalota. from which its single European species is separated
by Kraatz.

The body is narrow and of even breadth, in appearance and form it some-
what resembles a small Phloeopore. The head is almost as broad as prono-
tum, transverse-square with rather straight sides and rounded off temple
corners, distinctly constricted behind, porrectj eyes ordinarily large,
slightly convex; temples and j^enne indistinctly marglnated; antennae rather
short, as long as head and pronotum together, slightly thickened distally;

-163-

(Paje 103)
labrum very short and broad, amply three times as broad as loti^, sli^tly
eraarginated anteriorly and narrovvin^j posteriorly; mandibles broad at base,
elsewhere very slender and fine; maxillary palpi rather short, their third
joint rather strongly thickened and longer than the second, the fourth very
small and fine, subuliform ; the tongue short, cleft to the base into two
separate lobes ; third joint of labial palpi cylindrical, twice as long as
the short second joint.

Pronotum as broad as elytra, very little narrowing posteriorly vlth
feebly rounded sides, nearly rounded off fore-corners, and rounded off
obtuse-angular hind corners, slightly convex; elytra distinctly longer than
pronotum, with parallel sides, their posterior margin inside the outer cor-
ners feebly incurved; abdomen evenly broad, its first three free dorsal joints
feebly depressed at base, the fifth longer than the fourth; the legs rather
short; fore-tarsj 4-jointed, the others 5-jointed; first Joint of hind tar-
si same as in Momalota, short and net longer thon each of the following
three, almost S'lually long joints, shorter than the claw-joint.

(Page 104)

To this genus only 1 Middle Suropean species, which also is found in

this country, very rare everywhere. Kraatz presumes that it lives fider bark,

but according to Mulsant et Pey and Janglbauer it is especially found on

jamp ground and in alluvium.

1. T. luteicornis Er.

(Erlchs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, i3?,; Jen. Spec. Staph. 124; ?:raatz Ins. D. II,
343; J.'uls. et Rey Brevip. 1875. 334; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 13?,).

■164-

(Pass 1C4)

Next after the characters and peculiarities set forth In the generic
description this species is furthermore identifiable by the, as a rule,
entirely yellow antennae and lejs.

Pitch-blacic, rather feebly ijlistening, finely haired; the elytra either
entirely, or at least their posterior part, also most often the abdominal
tip reddish-brownj antennae, mouth-parts, and le^s yellow or brownish yel-
low .

The head robustly punctated; first ^oint of the antennae rather thick
and as lonj as the follovin^j two short Joints t0;5.ether, the second joint
reverse-conic, tho third considerably thinner and also shorter thsn the
second, the fourth small and as long as broad, the following outer joints
feebly increasingly transverse, so that the next-last ones become fully
1^ times as broad es long. Pronotum (see above) is finely and densely
punctated, without impressions; elytra Vi" longer than pronotum, more ro-
bustly, but a little less densely punctated than same; abdomen of even
breadth, anteriorly with fine, but sharp and rather isolated, posteriorly
scattered punctation, somewhat long-haired and with many sido-bristles at
the tjp. L. '•'. mm.

In the V the next-last dorsal joint of abdomen somewhat prolonged and
roundeQ off at tip.

In the ;^oologlc8l Museum's Danish Staphylin- :;ollectlon (Copenhagen)
two older specimens are found, but without collecting data; in later time
- as far as I know - not refound in this country. One specimen sent by
Mr. Saint Qlaire Deville, Paris, corresponds with the above discription,
and with the two specimen in the Museum.

-165-

(Page 104)

25. Jenus Homalota iir. (Kr.)«

((Mannh. Brach. 73). Srichs. Kaf. r.'k. Br. I, 314; Jen. Spec. Staph.
8C; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 19?; Sharp. Rev. Brit. Horn. 1869. - Thorns. Skend.
Col. II and III (see followlnij 23 subgenera according to Thorns.). - f/uls.
et Fey Erevip. 1873 and 1375 (Homalotates sx.p.). - Janjjlb. Kaf. U. II,
1895: Thamlaraea 125+-2M£MS. 132-f- Notothecta 133-fAtheta 13e-f- :?nypeta 241).

"'ithin the division Myrmedoniina this numerous and extensive jenus is
especially characterized by: that the head posteriorly Js only feebly or
not constricted, that the tongue (Fi^.S?) is cleft about to the njddle in-
to two narrow, feebly diverging lobes, and that the first Joint of hind
tarsus (Fig. 38) is short, as long as, or sometimes somewhat longer than the

(Page 105)
second, and much shorter than the clavj- joint. - Otherwise, the manifold
species of this genus present considerable differences both in appearance
and in details of the body: Several species iQiappearance resemble Oxypdda,
others reminding of Tachyusa, Myrmedonia, Ocelea or Leptusa.

The body is ordinarily noire or less elongate and slender, slightly con-
vex, rarely short and broad, as a rule finely haired; the head most often
rounded or roundly transverse, or oval, but can also occur square with par-
allel sides (subg. Dadobia) or broadest behind the eyes and triangularly
rounded off (subg. AmJ scha) . It is not especially porrect and very little
or not constricted behind. Temples and genae in most of the subgenera are
more or less distinctly and entirely marginated, in several ( subg.Lio;;luta
et al.) only marginated posteriorly, in otners not marginated (subg. Dlnaraea,
Aloconota et al.). The eyes are most often longer than the temples and of
normal size, but not a few species have small or very small eyes and longer

-166-

(Pa^e 105)
temples (subg. Meotica, Aleuonota ot al.). The antennae are of very differ-
ent length and thickness, and thereby often afford very important identi-
fication characters for subgenera and species. Only in a few c.-ses are the
mandibles somewhat protruding (subg. Halobrechta) . one of tnese as a rule
armed v, ith a small tooth on the inner side. The third joint of maxillary
palpi is longer than the second, and somewhat thickened, the fourth small,
subuliform; the tongue (Fi^. 37) narrow and short, cleft almost to the middle;
first joint of labial palpi longer than the second and third.

Pronotum varies in form, most often narrower than elytra, sometimes
transverse, i.e. broader than long, sometimes as long as broad or longer.
Its more or less rounded or straight sides are in many species provided
with singly outstanding bristles; on the dorsum the impressions on prono-
tum, where such occur, oftenest more distinct in the o^ than in the o ;
posterior margin can in some instances be incurved inside corners so that
these thereby become more prominent (subg. Notothecta) . Elytra very rarely
shorter than pronotum (subg. Jeostiba et al.), as a rule they are distinct-
ly longer than same. Their posterior margin inside the outer corners feeb-
ly or noi Incurved.

In several subgenera abdomen is distinctly, however more or less, taper-
ing (subg. Goprothassa. Acrotona et al.); in the majority of the species it
is rather of equal breadth and only tapering at the hindmost Joints. Llost
often only the first three dorsal joints are transversally depressed at base,
but several species are also found in which the first four dorsal joints
at base are transversally grooved (subg, Bessobia, Plataraea, et al.), seldom

-167-

(Page 105)

is only the first free dorsal joint distinctly depressed (subg. Dilacra et al.)

— (Pa-e 1C6) —
and only in few species (subg. Srypeta) are the first two-three ventral

joints impressed at base, whereby the come nearer to the following genus
Tachyusa. In a great number of species the next-last joints, especially
In the 5^, provided with sex-characters, which on account of their very dif-
fering form afford valuable specific characters, f'iddle-coxae are only in
a few instances (subg. Thamiaraea, Notothecta) separated by a broad inter-
val; they are most often narrowly separated and lie more or less closely
together or they are contiguous at middle; tip of mesosternum is prolonged
in between them to varying extent; only in few species is this tip very short
and rectangular (subg. Kygroecia) .

The legs are more or less slender; fore-tarsi 4-jointed, the others
5-jointed. Ordinarily the first three-four tarsal joints are eiually short,
but occasionally however the first joint of hind tarsus is about Is times
as long as the second (subg. ;Qoconota. Dilecra et al.), n«^arly always much
shorter than the clav.-joint (Fig. 36).

The Homalota species are found practically everywhere in free nature
where Staphyl inidae can thrive at all. A greet many live on damp or serai-
damp woodland ground or in meadows and marshes under the plant cover; other?
prefer s^ndy sea-fhore or strand; many seek manure, carrion, fungi or rot-
ting plants; several occur under bark on half-dead trees and stubs, or are
found at out-flowing tree-sap and in hollow trees in gnawings; a few species
live permanently with ante, and one in the leaf-sheaths of common cat-tail.
Ihelr larvae are very little known.

■166'

(Page 106)

The ^enus Homalota, according to the conception of Kraatz et al., in-
cludes at least 200 Middle and North European species, of v^hich about 140
are found in this country. The attempts made by diverse authors (Thomson,
Mulsart et Rey , et al.) to divide this great number into a series of coor-
dinate genera (Thorns. 26, Muls. 4C), has not yet found universal favour,
or absolute approval. In the following the genus is therefore presented
as inclusive as it is described by Kraatz and Sharp, however with the limi-
tations which are the result of, that the number of tarsal joints are basic
for the division of the Aleocharini. "7hile for instance, as afore said,
the fore tarsi of Homalota as a rule are 4- jointed, and middle and hind tar-
si £-jointed, there is however three North European, older Homalota species
which differ in this, namely Hom. plana iyllh., Hom. cuspidata Sr. , and Horn,
notha lir. ; in these both fore- and middle-tarsi are 4-jointed, and only the
hind tarsi 5-jointed. They are therefore here separated and transferred to
Dolitocharina the third division of Aleocharini, v-here they belong, and where
they form the genera Epip^ida Muls. (H. plana), Thectura Thorns. (H. cuspidata)
and Brachida Uuls. (H. notha).

For the purpose of simplifying the aecisions as much as possible, the
genus Homalota is divided in the following into a great number of subgenera
(agreeing namely with Thomson's and iMulsunt's genera), which again are ar-
ranged in five series on account of the differing form of abdomen, the trane-

(Page 107)
versal impression of its first three or four free dorsal joints, size of the
eyes, and the finer or coarser structure of the antennae. A few subgenera
and species are, for safety's sake, includea in the key, in several places.

-169-

(Page 107)
In opposition to Kraatz and Sharp, but in agreement with Mulsant et Fey and
■Janglbauer, the species with tapering abdomen are placed first, while those
with slender antennae come last. This arrangement accomplices, that Ihamiaraea
and Notothecta as some of tne most deviating subgenera are placed closer to
Myrmedonia. while subgenus Jnypeta, which likewise is very deviating, ter-
minates the series of subgenera with transition to the most closely allied
and following genus Tachyusa.

In place of the generic name Homalota Uannh. , which Thomson and Jangl-
bauer only accept for Horn, plana iyllh. (as type) and a few other species,
these authors place the greatest number of older Homalota species under the
generic name Atheta Thorns. This altering is however not yet commonly accept-
ed, and as we in our collections and catalogs heretofore always have used the
oldest name according to Erichson and Kraatz, and furthermore as the species
Horn, plana has not so far occurred in this country, we have only applied Thom-
son's name Atheta, as the name of one subgenus in the following.
Key to Series,: Subgenera and Species.

1. Abdomen posteriorly narrowing, more or less, yet always distinctly taper-

ing (Fig. 43); First series 5.

Abdomen distinctly of even breadth or only posteriorly tapering at tip

(Fig. 47) 2.

2. The first two-three free dorsal Joints of abdomen, rarely the first only,

transversally depressed at base (Fig. 47) 3.

The first four free dorsal joints of abdomen transversally depressed at

base (Fig. 71), the fourth however occasionally less strongly (especi-
ally in the^)than in the preceding three: Third series 89.

-170-

(Page 107)

3. Eyes small or very small, much shorter than the temples (Fig. 74): Fourth

series £9.

Eyes larger, rather normal, most often as long as or longer than the

temples, rarely a little shorter than these (subg. Aloconota) 4.

4. Antennae more or less robust and distinctly thickened dlstally; their

middle and next-last joints (5-10) transverse (i. e. broader than
long), rarely as long as broad (cf. H. incognita and ravilla) : Second

series 40.

Antennae more or less slender and as a rule only feebly or very feebly
thickened distally (Fig. 36)} their middle- and next-last joints
(5-10) as long as broad or longer, very rarely feebly transverse

(H. terminalis, hypnorum) ; Fifth series 110.

First Series

5. Middle-coxae broadly or rather broadly separated (Fig. 39) (species live

especially in the galleries of the ^gssus larvae or with the ant6).:6.
Uiddle-coxae narrowly separated or contiguous 10.

6. Temples and genae marginated. Antennae robust, their middle- and next-

last joints strongly transverse, not closely compact (species live in
galleries of the Cossus larvae and at tree-sap): 1. subg. Thamiaraea

Thoms 7.

Temples and genae not marginated. Middle- and next-last joints of anten-
nae more feebly transverse, closely compact (species live in ant hills
8.

-171-

(Page 108)

7. Abdomen almost smooth, only anteriorly with isolated punctation. I. 4-

5 mm 1 . H« cinnamomea aravh .

Abdomen anteriorly densely and rather robustly punctated. L. 4 mm

2. H. hospita Mark.

8. Pronotum with sharp intire median groove. Body dull or dully glistening:

3. subg. Lyprocorrhe Thorns. - Abdomen finely punctated to the tip.

L. 3 mm 5. H. anceps Er.

Pronotum without median groove. Body greasy glistening: 2. subg. Noto-
thecta Thorns 9.

9. Antennal middle- and next-last joints (5-10) only feebly transverse.

L. 3.5-4 mm 3. H. confusa Mark.

1&. Pronotal epipleura strongly incurved and not visible from side; side-
margins uniformly .curved to the fore-corner. Pronotum slightly nar-
rowing anteriorly without longer side-bristles, most often as broad
as or broader than elytra. Abdomen rather strongly tapering, (species

in appearance reminiscent of Oxypoda'; 11.

Pronotal epipleura less strongly incurved and often visible from side;

side-margins anteriorly more strongly arcuate, curving downward. Pro-
notum not narrowing anteriorly, most often narrower than elytra, its
side-bristles most often long, more rarely (subg. Datomicray short
and indistinct 22.

11. Ihird joint of the antennae longer than the second: subg. Ooprothasa

Thorns 12.

Third joint of the antennae shorter than the second or at most as long

as this. 14.

-172-

(Page 108)

12. Fourth Joint of antennae transverse. Pronotum dully ^^listening. elytra

light brownish-yellow. L. 3.5-4 mm 6. H. sordida Marsh.

Fourth joint of antennae as long as or longer than broad 13.

13. Fourth joint of antennae as long as broad. Elytra a little longer than

pronotum, brownish-yellow with black sides and a large triangular

black spot around scutellum. L. 3 mm 7. H. melanaria Mannh.

Fourth joint of antennae longer than broad. Elytra short, not longer than
pronotum, brov.n. L. 3-4 mm 8. H. consanguinea Epp.

14. Abdomen to the tip with dense or rather dense and smooth, fine silky

glistening hair vestiture; the fifth free dorsal joint much longer

than the fourth: 5. subg. Colpodota IjIuIs 15.

Abdomen posteriorly sparsely and not silky-glistening haired, its fifth
free dorsal joint oftenest not longer than the fourth 17.

15. Antennal base brownish or reddish yellow. L. 2.5-3 mm.: S. H. pygmaea Jravh,
Antennae entirely black or blackish-bro\.n, scarcely lighter at base.. 16.

16. Antennae rather long and slender, their third joint as long as the second.

L. 2.5-3 mm 10. H. aterrima -iravh.

Antennae rather short, distinctly even though feebly thickened distally,
their third joint shorter than the second. Pronotum with groove or

without groove (v. muscorum Dris.) in medial-line. L. 2-2.5 mm

11. H. parva Sahib.

17. Pronotum grooved posteriorly at middle-line. Antennal first joint not

much thicker than the second; 6. subg. Solenia Muls 18.

Pronotum without groove in middle-line. Antennal first Joint most often
thicker than the second: 7, subg. Acrotona Thorns 19.

-173-

(Page 108)

18. Antennae black or pitch-brown, scarcely lighter at base. Head peculiar-

ly small, narrow. L. 2.3-2.5 mm 12. H. subsinuata £ir.

Antennae rust colored with yellow base. Head rather broad. L. 2 .5-3

mm 13. H. laticollis Steph.

19. Antennal third joint distinctly shorter than the second. L. 2 mm

17. H. orphana Sr.

Antennal third joint hardly shorter than the second 20.

20. Antennae entirely reddish-yellow or brownish toward the tip; their first

joint li times as thick as the second. L. 2-3 mm. : 14. H. fungi Jravh.

and 14a. v. clientula Kr.

Antennae pitch-brown or brown, at base not or very little lighter; their
first joint twice as thick as the second 21.

21. Elytra darkly brown. L. 2.5-3 mm 15. H. orbata ir.

illytra brownish yellow, most often darker around scutellum. L. 2.5-3

mm ." 16. H. pulchra Kr.

(Page lOS)

22. Third joint of antennae decidedly shorter than the second. Pronotal side-

oristles short or indistinct, (species small: L. 1.5-2 mm., black):

8. Bubjj. Datomicra Mul s 23.

Ihird joint of antennae as long as or longer than the second, rarely

a little shorter than this (parvula, setigera). Pronotal side-brist-
les long and robust 29.

23. Pronotum twice as broad as long. Head, pronotum, and elytra with re-

markable sharp punctation. L. 1.5 mm 18. cribrata Kr.

Pronotum 1 '/j -ik times as broad as long 24.

-174-

(Page ICS)

24. Head and pronotum dull or dully glistenins 25.

Mead and pronotum glistening 28.

25. Abdomen densely and smoothly punctated to the tip 26.

Abdominal first three free dorsal joints densely punctated, the tv»o

following less densely 277

26. Distal joint of antennae rather short, not longer than the two next-

last joints together. Abdomen tapering very little. L. 1.2 mm...

19. H. canescens Sharp.

Distal joint of antennae rather long, longer than the two next-last joints
together. Abdomen distinctly tapering. L. 1.5 mm.: 20. H. sordidula Er.

27. Head broader than long. Elytra i longer than pronotum. L. 1.5 mm...

21. H. celata Br.

Head as long as broad. Elytra //j> longer than pronotum. L. 1.5 mm

22. H. germana Sharp.

28. Antennal next-last joints (7-lC) feebly, yet most distinctly, transverse.

Pronotum not or only indistinctly grooved at middle-line . .L. 1.5-2

mm 23. H. zosterae Thorns.

Antennal next-last joints as long as broad. Pronotum distinctly grooved

at middle-line. L. 2-2.5 mm 24. H. hodierna Sharp.

2&. Antennae peculiarly long, almost ao long as head, pronotum, and elytra
together; only their first five joints bristle-haired, the follow-
ing pubescent and dull, of even breadth and at least as long as brond:
&. subg. Ghaetida Muls. (Fig. 43) 30.

Antennae shorter than head, pronotum and elytra together; all their joints

-175-

(Pa^ie lOS)
most often with more or less long bristle-hair: 10. subg. Dimetrota
Mul s 31 .

30. Antennae robust; their third joint j-oint longer than the second. L.

3-3.5 mm 25. H. lon^lcornis Jravh.

Antennae slender, thin, their third joint about as the second. L. 1.5-
2 mm 26. H. macrocera Thome.

31. Antennal third joint shorter than the second, (species small, L. 2 mm.).. 32.
Antennal third joint as long as or longer than the second, (species

larger, L. 2.5-4 mm.) 33.

32. Pronotum 1^ times as broad as long. The middle and hindmost tibiae with

long and robust outstanding bristles. L. 2 mm. : 27. H. parvula Mannh.
Pronotum 1 '/_9 times as broad as long, bristles of tibiae short and fine.

L. 1.5-2 mm 3C. H. setigera Sharp.

33. The next-last three-four antennal joints distinctly transverse, at least

1^ times as broad as long 34.

The next-last three-four antennal joints not or only indistinctly trans-
verse 36.

34. ilytra coal-black. Legs black with reddish knees and tarsi. L. 2.5 mm.

28. H. nigrlpes Thorns.

Elytra bro\An or brownish black. Le^s brownish yellow or yellowish-brown
with darker femora 35.

35. Forebody with feeble or no bronce lustre. Legs brownish yellow. L. 2.5-3

mm. ^:9. 11. laevana f/.ul s.

Forebody most often v.ith distinct murky bronce lustre. Legs yellowlsh-

-176-

(Page 10&)
-brown with darker femora. L. 2.5-3 mm 31. H. atramentaria Jyfclh.

36. Antennae entirely black or pitch-brown, scarcely lighter at base.... 37.
Antennae pitch colored or brownish-red, as a rule lighter at base: brown-
ish red or reddish-yellow 38.

37. Head and pronotum glistening, black, without bronze reflection. Pro-

notum nearly twice as broad as Ibng. L. 3-3.5 mm. ..32. H. cadaverina Bris.
Head and pronotum feebly glistening, black with bronza reflection. Pro-
notum 1 '/6 times as broad as long. L. 2.5-3.5 mm.: 33. H.picipennis ^'annh.

(Page 110)
36. Elytra li times as long as pronotum and much broader than this. L. 3.5-

4 mm 36. H. marcida Er.

Elytra at most \'/3 times as long as pronotum 39.

39. Elytra brownish-red. Antennal second and third joints of same length. L.

2.5-3 mm 34. H. cinnamoptera Thorns.

Elytra yellow or brownish yellow, often darkly shaded around scutellum
and on the sides. Antennal third joint distinctly longer than the

second. L. 3-4 mm 35. H. intermedia Thoms.

Second Series.

40. Head coarsely punctated (species live exclusively on the strand under

seaweed); 24. subg. Halobrechta Thoms 41.

Head 1 Inely punctated 42.

41. Elytra \\ times as long as pronotum. Antennae and legs reddish-yellow.

L. 3-3.5 mm 82. H. atricilla Scriba.

Elytra ij times as long as pronotum. Antennae pitch-black, their base,

-177-

(Pa-e lie)

and the legs brown or reddish yellowish-brown. L. 3-3.5 mm

83. H. puncticeps Thoms .

42. Uesosternum with short, almost rectangular tip, which scarcely reaches

in between the coxae. Abdominal fifth free dorsal joint not longer

than the fourth : 26. subg. Eygroecia Lluls 43

Mesosternum with very elongate and narrowing tip, which at least reach-
es to middle between coxae 44.

43. Antennae reddish yellow, their third Joint a little shorter than the

second. Head lar^e, almost as broad as pronotum. L. 3-3.5 mm

80. E. debilis Er.

Antennae pitch-brown with lighter base, their third joint distinctly
shorter than the second. Head narrower than pronotum. L. 3-3.5 mm.
81. n. falliciosa Sharp.

44. Temples and genae not marginated. (Head broad, body rather evenly broad,

slightly depressed): 22. subg. Dinaraea Thorns 45.

Temples and genae entirely marginated or at least dis'tinctly marginated
posteriorly 47.

45. Abdominal first four free dorsal joints very densely and finely punc-

tated, dull, the fifth lest dansft^.y punctated, glistening, in the O
with two-three transverse rows of granules (J'ig. 66). L. 3-4 mm.

77. H. angustula iyllh.

Abdominal first three free dorsal joints with fine and dense, the fol-
lowing with scattered and isolated punctation 46.

46. Head and pronotum entirely dull. Indistinctly punctated. Abdominal fifth

-178-

(Paje 110)
free dorsal joint in the o with two transverse rows of granules
(l-'ig. 67). L. 3.5-4 mm 78. H. aequata Sr.

46. Head and pronotum somewhat glistening. Abdominal fifth free dorsal Joint

in the d^ without granules. L. 3.5-4 ram 79. H. linearis iravh.

47. Antennal third joint distinctly shorter and smaller than the second... 77.
rtntennal third joint as long as or longer than the second, rarely a little

shorter than same (H. myrmecobia. palustris, divisa, basicornis). . .48.

48. Pronotum strongly transverse, 1^-2 times as broad as long 49.

Pronotum more feebly transverse, about 1'/^ times as broad as long, rarely

a little broader 72.

49. Middle-coxae broadly or rather broadly separated. Pronotum slightly

roundly narrowed anteriorly, its hind corners almost obtuse-angylar.

Abdomen somewhat tapering 50.

Uiddle-coxae narrowly separated. Pronotum anteriorly most often scarce-
ly narrower than posteriorly, its hind corners rounded off 51.

50. Antennal third joint distinctly longer than the second. Pronotum only

a little narrower than elytra; 1. subg. Thamiaraea Thorns, (see under

first series) 7.

Antennal third joint joint not longer than the second: 15. subg. Alaobi a
Thorns. -Species yellow-red. Pronotum considerably narrower than el-
ytra. L. 3-3.5 mm 58. H. scapularis Sahib.

51. Elytra proportionately short, hardly longer than pronotum and scarcely

croader than same: 17. subg. Xenota IKuls.- Head small. L. 2.5 mm...

61. K. myrmacobiu Kr.

Elytra distinctly longer than pronotum 52.

-179-

(Pa^e 111)

52. Posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal abdominal joint in the ^ Xno-

four-toothed (Fig. 56a; 56, 57. 56), rarely deeply cleft (Fij. 55).
Third joint of the antennae not longer than tiie second (cf. IE. subg.

Alaobia Thorns. ) : 14. subg. Tetropla f/.uls 61 .

Abdominal sixth free dorsal joint in the o most often transversally

truncated and the margin finely serrated or notched with one larger
spine or tooth in each corner (Fig. 48, 50, 53 et al.), rarely with-
out serrations, either slightly incurved (incognita) or angularly
incised (Fig. 54 sodalis) . Third joint of the antennae longer than
or as long as the second, exceptinally (xanthopus) a little shorter.. 53.

53. Abdominal first three free dorsal joints with very scattered punctation.

Antennae as a rule rather long, however robust. (Species rather large.

L. 3.5-4.5 mm.): 11. subg. Homalota s. str. Muls £4.

Abdominal first three free dorsal Joints rather densely punctated (species
smaller. L. 2.5-3.5 mm.) 60.

54. Posterior margin of sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen in the o less ser-

rated or notched. Antennal next-last joints (8-10) scarcely broader

than long. L. 3.5-4.5 mm 37, H. incognita Sharp,

Posterior margin of sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen in the q finely

serrate or notched. Antennal next-last joints broader tht-n long...E5.

55. Head and pronotum, also often elytra with distinct bronze reflection. . ,56.
Head and pronotum black without bronze reflection £7.

56. Pronotum almost as broad as elytra; these very little longer than prono-

tum. L. 3,5-4.5 mm 38, H. aquatllis Thoms.

.180-

(Page 111)

56. Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra, which are '/5 longer than same.

L. 3.5-4 mm 40. K. aquatica Thome.

57. Antennal first three Joints reddish-yellow, their distal joint, espe-

cially in the o . rather lonj. L. 3.5-4 ram. (Fig. %?)

39. H. castanoptera Mannh.

Antennae entirely black or brov-nish-black with brownish base. Antennal
distal joint shorter 58.

58. Elytra brownish-yellow, a large, triangular, well bounded spot around

scutellum also the hind corners black. L. 3.5 mm. ..43. U. trianjulum Kr.
Elytra rather unicolorous brown or black-brown 5f.

59. Antennal second and third Joints equally long. Pronotum narrower than

elytra. L. 3.5-4 mm 41. H. euryptera Steph.

Antennal third joint longer than the second. Body rather evenly broad

and pronotum almost as broad as elytra. L. 3.5 mm.. 42. H.ebenina V.uls.
6C. Posterior margin of elytra inside the outer corners very indistinctly
or not Incurved: 12. subg. Atheta Muls 61.

Posterior margin of elytra inside outer corners distinctly Jnourvel;

13. subJ.?»;ycota Muls "6.

61. Elytra brownish yellow, a large, triangular, rather sharply bounded spot
around scutellum also the outer hind corners blark or murky, so that
the brownish yellow color at middle is more sharply defined. 62.

Elytra rather unicolorous brown, brownish black or black, or yellow-
brown with a feeble, blackish-shaded spot around scutellum and on
the hind corners ^4.

•181-

(Page 111)

62. Body evenly broad. Third Joint of antennae as long as or a little short-

er than the second. L. 3-3.5 mm 44. H. xanthopus Ihoms.

Body feebly fusiform. Third joint of antennae a little linger than the

second 63.

63. Tenth joint of the antennae in the o not lon^jer than the ninth. Abdominal

sixth free dorsal joint in the o is sharply serrated in posterior

margin. L. 3 mm 45. H. trinotata Kr.

Tenth joint of the antennae in the O^ longer than the ninth, and abdominal
sixth free dorsal joint not serrated in the margin. L. P. 5-3 mm...
46. H. hybrida Sharp.

64. Abdomen black, its tip and half of the fifth free dorsal joint yellow-

red. All antennal joints with long bristle-hairs. L. 3.5-4 mm....

47. Y\. pilicornis Thorns.

Abdomen entirely black or its tip brownish. Antennal outer joints with
feeble and short bristle-hairs 65.

65. Klytra brown or yellow-brown, a little darher around scutellum and on

hind corners. Legs reddish-yellow. L. 3-4 mm... 48. H. crasslcornis Fabr.
Elytra darkly brown or black. Legs brownish yellow with a little darker

hind femora. L. 3-4 mm 45. H. nitidicollis Fairm.

(Page 112)

66. Antennae pitch-black with red-yellow base. Posterior margin of abdominal

sixth free dorsal Joint in the di^wlth obtuse-angular incision (Fig. 54).

L. 2.5-3 mm 50. H. sodalis Er.

Antennae brownish-yellow with yellov base. Posterior margin of abdominal

-182-

(Page 112)
sixth free dorsal joint in the S* finely serrate. L. 2.5-3 mm.

51. H. pallidicornis Ihoms,

67. Corner-teeth of sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen are in the O obtuse.

Elytra brownish yellow, most often darkly shaded around scutellum

and on the outer hind corners (Tetropola s. str. ivluls.) 68.

Corner-teeth of sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen in the o acute and

most often rather long, kilytra mostly unicolorous: black-brown, brown,
or yellow-red (Alaobia f/^uls. nee. Thorns.) 7C.

68. Antennae brownish yellow with light yellow base, their next-last joints

almost three times as broad as long. Abdominal sixth free dorsal joint
in the O at middle with deep rounded incision and thereby divided
into two bidentate lobes (Fig. 55). L. 2-2.5 mm. ..52. H. liturata Steph.
Antennae pitch-brownish with reddish-yellow base, their next-last joints
about twice as broad as long 69.

69. Pronotum rather densely punctated, somewhat glistening. L. 2.5-3 mm...

.53. H. nigritula :>ra\^.

Pronotum very densely punctated, dully glistening. L. 2,5 mm

54. K. boletophila Thoms.

7C. Body black or toio»nish black. Elytra brown, sometimes brownish-blaak 71,

Body urownish-red or yellow-red; Head and the last two-three abdominal

joints black or pitch-brown. L. 3 ram 53. H. subterranea Muls.

71. Head and pronotum glistening. L. 2.5 mm E5a. H. nidicola n. sp.

and 55b. H. corioria Kr.

Head and pronotum dull or dully liiinlng 71b.

-183-

(Pa^e 112)
71a.Pronotum anteriorly almost as broad as elytra. Antennal base brown or

rust -red. L. 2.5-3 mm 55. H. ga-;atlne Eaudi,

Pronotum posteriorly distinctly narrower than elytra. Antennal base

yellow. L. 2.5 mm 56. li. basicornis Muls.

72. Head and pronotum strongly glistening, surface scarcely shagreened.

20. subg. Phllhygra Uuls. Body rather small and od even breadth.
Abdominal sixth ventral joint in tht CJ produced, broadly rounded off

at tip with long bristle-hairs (Fig. 62). L. 2-2.5 mm

71. K. palustris Kiesw.

Head and pronotum dull or dully glistening, in surface distinctly sha-
greened (cf. 23. subg. Hy^^roecia '/.uls. ) ; subg. Traumoecia I'.ul £. . . .73.

73. Pronotum scarcely iVi times as broad as long 74.

Pronotum fully 1'/^ times, or nearly 1? times as broad as long 75,

74. Distal Joint of antennae as long as the two preceding joints together.

L. 2.5-3 72. n. angusticollis Thorns.

Distal joint of antennae elongated, as long as the preceding three joints
together. L. 2.5-3 mm 73. H. ravllla Thorns.

75. Pronotum with ratner dense granulose punctatlon. L. 2.5-3 mm

74. !i. picipes Thorns.

Pronotum very densely and finely punctated 76.

76. Abdominal first three free dorsal Joints distinctly and densely punc-

tated. Distal joint of antennae longer than the preceding two joints

together. L. 2.5-3 ram 75. H. divisa Mark.

Abdominal first three free dorsal joints with fine and rather isolated

■184.

(Page 112)
punctation. Cistal joint of antennae not longer than the two pre-
cedintj joints together. L. 2.5-:^ mm 76. H. ni;;ricornis Thorns.

77. Antennal outer joints (5-lC) from the fifth suddenly and very strongly

transverse, approximately 2i times as broad as long: subg. 3eritaxa

Muls 78.

Antennae more gradually thickened distally 79.

78. Head broad, very little narrower than pronotura, legs reddish yellow.

L. 2,5 mm 59. H. testaceipes Heer.

Head considerably narrower than pronotum, narrowing behind eyes. Legs
orownish yellow. L. 2.5 ram 60. H. dilaticornis Kr.

79. Elytra proportionately short, hardly longer than pronotum: 17. subg.

Xenota Muls. - Head very small, much narrower than pronotum; this

as broad as elytra. L. 2.5 ram €1. H. myrmecobia Kr.

£.lytra longer than pronotum 8C.

(Page 113)

80. Abdomen to the tip densely or very densely punctated 81.

Abdominal first three free dorsal joints with rather dense or scattered

punctation, the following with isolated punctation or smooth (species
small or very small) : 19. subg. f/.icrodota Muls 82.

81. Abdominal fifth froo dorsal joint as long as the fourth: 16. eubg.

Pochmonota Thorns. - Body proportionately broad. L. Z mm

6 2. H. clancula Er.

Abdominal fifth free dorsal joint longer than the fourth: subg. Eralica

Muls. (see also u. fifth series 120). Body small. L. 1.5-2 mm

...107. H. vilis Er.
-185-

(Page 113)

82. Body predominantly reddish-yellow, the head and next-last two-three

joints of abdomen black. L. 1.5 mm 63. H. palleola Er.

Body black or brownish black 83.

83. Pronotum v»ith rather isolated or scattered, occasionally indistinct

punctation 84.

Pronotum with denser punctation 86.

84. Posterior margin of sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen in the o pro-

portionately robustly serrated. Body deeply black, legs pitch-brown-
ish. L. 1.5-1.7 mm 64. 11. indubia Sharp.

Posterior margin of sixth free abdominal joint in the o not serrated or
notched 85.

85. 21ytra especially finely (however sufficiently magnified) distinctly and

rather densely punctated. L. 1.5-l.B mm 69. H. liliputana Bris.

Elytra extremely finely and extremely sparsely punctated, together with
pronotum strongly glistening; this about as broad as elytra. L. 1.3

mm 70. H. atomaria Kr.

- or pronotum narrower than elytra. L. 1 mm....7Ga. H. perexigua Sharp.

86. Pronotum with distinct scabrous or granulose punctation; legs brownish-

yellow, most often with darker femora. L. 1.8-2 mm.: 65. FI. subtills Scribj
Pronotum especially finely and not scrabrously punctated 87.

87. Legs unlcolorous light brownish-yellow. L. l.d-^ ram. ..66. li. amicula Steph.
Legs brownish-yellow with darker femora, sometimes entirely pitch-brown.

(species very small) 88.

08. Pronotum almost as broad as elytra. L. 1.5 mm. ..67. H. mortuorum Thome.

-186-

(Page 113)

88. Pronotum narrower than elytra (smallest species of the genus). L. C,7

mm 68. H. in-juinula Er.

Third Series.

89. Head broadly square, posteriorly evenly truncated, and finely marginated,

its hind corners rectangular and the sides straight (Fig. 73):: 31.
sub-jenus Dadobia Thorns.- Body flat and of even breadth. L. 1.5-2 mm.

94. H. immersa Er.

Head posteriorly not marginated, its hind corners rounded off 90.

90. Abdominal fifth free dorsal joint longer than the fourth, the sixth in

the ^ with an upturned sharp side-margin: 26. subg. Bessobla Thorns. :91.
Abdominal fifth frea dorsal Joint not longer than the fourth; the sixth
in the o i^'Ot with upturned margins on sides 94.

91. Abdominal sixth free dorsal joint posteriorly in the O slightly tncurved

or almost evenly truncated, dorsal side without pronounced sculp-
ture 92.

Abdominal sixth free dorsal joint in the u dorsally with several long-
itudinal folds or small bosses; posterior margin with rectangular
inci sion 93.

92. Pronotum scarcely narrowing posteriorly. Posterior margin of abdominal

sixth free dorsal joint in the 5^ finely, upturned rnQr^ined, at middle

feebly anourved (Fig. 69). L. 3-3.5 mm 85. H. occulta Er.

Pronotum distinctly narrowing posteriorly. Posterior margin of abdom-
inal sixth free dorsal joint in tht O not marginated. L. 2.5-3 mm.
86. H. fun,:ivora Thoms.

-187.

(Page 113)

93. Pronotum li times as broad as long. Abdominal sixth free dorsal Joint

in the O^ on dorsal side with several longitudinal folds (Fi^. 7C).

L. 3.5-4 mm 87, H. monticola Thorns.

Pronotum 1 i/s times as broad as long. Abdominal sixth free dorsal joint

in the o with a transversal row of small bosses. L. 2.5-3 mm

88. H. excellens Kr.

94. Head proportionately large, as broad as, or only a little narrower than

pronotum. (Species small or rather small: L. 2-3.5 mm.; cf. Thectura
(Homalota) cuspidata. which hov^ever on account of 4-Jointed fore-

and middle-tarsi belong to division Bolitocharina; 95.

Head proportionately small and considerably narrower than pronotum.

(Species larger. L. 4-5 mm.) 97.

(Page 114)

95. Abdomen finely or very finely punctated: 25. subg, Anopleta Muls. -Pro-

notum and elytra densely punctated. Pronotum in the o at middle with
a broad longitudinal groove or foves. L. 2-2.5 mm.: 84. H.corvina Thorns.
Abdomen proportionately coarsely punctated 96.

96. Temples and genae marginated. Middle-coxae rather broadly separated: 29.

subg. Alianta Ihoms.- Pronotum much narrower than elytra. Abdomen

with granulated punctation. L. 3-3.5 ram 92. H. incana Er.

Temples and genae not marginated. tilddle-coxae narrowly separated: 30.
subg. Pachnida Muls. - Pronotum anteriorly about as broad as elytra.
Abdomen anteriorly with robust, but not granulate punctation. L.
2-2.5 mm 93. H. nigella Er.

-188-

(Page 114)
57. First joint of hind tarsi elongate, lon^jer than the second. Middle-
coxae well separated. Temples and ^enae entirely and sharply mar-
ginated: 27. subg. Ptychandra Janglb. - Elytra along the suture of

the a with a longitudinal fold. L. 4-5 mm 89. K. hepatica Sr.

First joint of hind tarsi rather short, not longer than the second.

Middle-coxae narrowly separated. Temples only marginated posteriorly:
28. subg. Plataraea Thorns 98.

98. Pronotum It times as broad as long. Abdominal sixth free dorsal joint

in the c quadra-dentate , the fifth most often v.ith a fine carina

at middle posteriorly (Fig. 72). L. 4-5 mm 90. H. brunnea Fabr.

Pronotum 1^ times as troad as long. Abdominal fifth and sixth free dorr-
sal joints in trie o^without pronounced sex-characters. L. 4-4.5 mm...

91. H. melanocephala Heer.

Forth Series.

99. Elytra longer than ptonotum IGO.

Elytra short, shorter than pronotum or at most as long as this 1C5.

100. Abdomen to the lip densely punctated. Head rounded triangularly, broad-
est posteriorly (Fig. 74); 3f . subg. Amischa Thorns. (Posterior mar-
gin of abdominal sixth free dorsal joint in the <j , i.iost often also

in the O roundly emarginated or curved (Fig. 75, 7C)) 101.

Abdomen posteriorly with scattered or simple punctation or smooth. .. 103.

101. Head in both sexes convex, without impressions. L. 2-2.5 mm

IGC. P.. anal is Jravh.

Head of o" more or lees impressed or grooved at middle 102.

-189-

(Page 114)
102. The next-last Joints of abdomen a little more finely and less densely
punctated than the foremost ones. The head of <3^at middle deeply

impressed. L. .2 mm IGI. H. cavifrons Sharp.

The next-last joints of abdomen as densely and strongly punctated as
the foremost ones. The head of O feebly grooved or slightly im-
pressed at middle. L. 2.5-2.8 mm 102. H. soror Kr.

1C3. Abdominal fifth free dorsal joint not longer than the fourth 104.

Abdominal fifth free dorsal joint longer than the fourth 106.

104. Elytra longer than their breadth together: 32. subg. Aleuonota Thorns... 105.
Elytra as long as their breadth together: 34k. subg. Amidobia Thorns. -

Antennal next-last joints twice as broad as long, (the species live
in in the mounds with Formica rufa). L. 1.5 mm. ...99. H. talpa Heer.
lot. Pronotum narrower than elytra, medial line finely grooved. L. 2-2.5

mm 95. H. ruf o-testacea Kr.

Pronotum almost as broad as elytra, without distinct medial groove.

L. 2.h mm 96. H. splendens Kr.

106. Antennae short and very robust, their next-last joints about Ibree times

as broad as long: 32, subg. I^eotica Muls 107.

Antennae longer and less robust, their next-last joints at most twice
as broad as long; 39. subg. Parameotica Janjlb.- Head large, about

as broad as pronotum. L. 2.5 mm 106. H. complana ttannh.

1C7. Pitch-brown. Elytra somewhat longer than pronotum. L. 1.5 mm

11. H. exllis Er.

Brownish yellow. Elytra very little longer thsn pronotum. I. l.r mm.

98. h". indocilis Heer.

-190-

(Page 115)

108. Elytra about as lon^ as pronotum: 38. subg. Oreostlba Ganglb. - Third

joint of the antennae shorter than the second, the next-last joints

1^ times as broad as long. L. 2-2.5 mm 106. H. curtipennis Sharp.

Elytra decidedly shorter than pronotum 109.

109. Temples and jenae not marginated. Head rather small, distinctly narrow-

er than pronotum: 36. subg. Jeostiba Thorns. - Abdominal fifth free
dorsal joint in the 5* with a fine carina at middle posteriorly (Fi^

77). L. 3-3.5 mm 103. H. circellaris Jravh.

Temples and ^-enae marginated. Head proportionately large, only a little
narrower than pronotum: 37. subg. Ousipalia jOz. - Abdominal fifth

free dorsal joint in the o^ without sex-characters. L. 1.5 mm

104, H. caesula Er.

Fifth Series.

110. Abdominal first three free dorsal joints with very scattered punctation;

the fifth Ecarctly longer than the fourth. Antennae often robust... 111.
Abdominal first three free dorsal joints, often also the following more

or less densely punctated; the fifth most often longer than the fourth.
119 .

111. Pronotum decidedly transverse, at least 1^ times as broad as lonj : 11.

subg. Homalota s. str. Muls. (see u. second series) 54.

Pronotum feebly transverse, at most 1^/^ times as broad as lon^j 112.

112. Pronotum distinctly narrowing posteriorly: 43. subg. Thinolaena Thorns.

- The head rather coarsely punctated. L. 2.5-4 mm: 120. H. vesti ta Iravh.
Pronotum not narrowing posteriorly 113.

-191-

(P£^e 115)

113. Antennae slender, scarcely thickened distally. Temples and genae mar-

ginated; 44. subg. Meg lata Uuls. - Elytra of the o with robust

scabrous punctation. L. 4-4.5 mm 121. H. ^raminicola iravh.

Antennae rather robust and distinctly thickened distally. Temples only
marginated posteriorly : 45. subg. Lio^;luta Thorns 114.

114. Elytra distinctly longer than pronotum 114a.

Elytra scarcely longer than pronotum. L. 3.5-4 mm. ; 122a. H.microptera Thorns.

114a. Antennae entirely black or brownish-black 115.

Antennae at base redd ish-tyel low 117.

115. Elytra brownish yellow at middle, in circumference black or brownish

black. Abdominal first free dorsal joint in the O with a jranule
at middle. L. 3.5-4 ram. (Fig. 81) 122. H. vicina Steph.

Elytra more unicolorous brown or darkly brown. Abdominal first free

dorsal joint in the O without granule 116.

lie. Head and pronotum finely shagreened in the surface, and therefore less
glistening. Forehead in the 3^ flatly depressed and rather coarsely
punctated. L. 3.-4 mm 123. H. oblonga Er.

Head ana pronotum not shagreened, strongly glistening. Forehead in

both sexes convex, more finely punctated. L. 4-4. t mm

124. K. nitidula Kr.

117. Antennae robust, their distal joint peculiarly long, longer than the

two preceding joints together. L. 4-4.5 mm.: 125. H. hypnorum Kieaw.

Antennae less robust, their distal joint only as long as the two pre-
ceding joints together 118.

-192-

(Page 115)

118. Antennal next-last joints transverse. Abdomen black, its tip sometimes

brownish. L. 3.5-4 mm 126. H. grani^era Kiesw.

Antennal next-last joints not transverse. Abdomen most often brownish
black; its tip and posterior martjins of the Joints yellow-brown.
(Species larger). L. 4.C-C; mm 127. H. pa:;ana Br.

119. Abdominal first three free dorsal Joints depressed at base 122.

Only the first free dorsal Joint distinctly transversally grooved de-
pressed at base. (Abdomen very finely and very densely punctated
right to the tip) 120.

120. Antennal middle and next-last joints (5-10) somewhat broader than loqj

(cf. second series 81): 4C . subg. Dralica Muls. - First joint of
hind tarsi very little longer than the second. Antennal third joint

shorter than the second. L. 1.5-2 mm 1C7. F. . v i 1 i g Er.

i :. Antennal mildle and next-last joints (5-10) at least as long as broad.
First joint of hind tarsi 1$ times as long as the second 121.

121. Pronotum as long as broad: 50. subg. Eilacra Muls. - Antennal third

joint about as long, as the second. L. 2.5-3mm. . .134. H. lutelpes Er.

(Page 116)
Pronotum broader than long: 51. subg. Dacrila t/.uls. - Antennal third
joint shorter than the second. L. 2.5 mm 135. H. fallax Kr.

122. Antennae filiform, thin and ling. Body finu, flat and evenly broad,

its fifth free dorsal joint 1^ times as long as the fourth: 49. subg,
Hydrosmecta Thorns. - Head as long as broad. Abdomen very densely
punctated to the tip. L. 2-2.5 mm \2>6, II. longula Hear.

-193-

(Page 116)
1S2. Antennae slender, but not filiform, distinctly thickened distally. Ab-
dominal fifth free dorsal joint Ij times as long as the f ourth. . . . 123.

123. first joint of hind tarsi scarcely longer than the second. Temples and

genae marg inated 1 24 .

First joint of hind tarsi distinctly lonr;er than the second. Temples and
^enae not marginated (except in K. Languida) 135.

124. Middle-coxae somewhat separated. Abdominal next-last ventral joints in

the o very elongate and curved upwardly, at tip transversally trun-
cated: 42. subg. Pelur:;a Muls. - Body rather broad and somewhat flat-
ly depressed} Head broad, very little narrower than pronotura. L. 4-

4.5 mm 119. H. luridipennis Mannh.

Middle-coxae scarcely separated. Abdominal next-last ventral joints in

the O^ somewhat elongate, but little or not upwardly curved: 41. subg.
Lie tax/a Mul s 1 25 .

125. Abdomen densely and finely punctated to the tip 126.

Abdominal fourth and fifth free dorsal joints sparsely punctated... 127.

126. Antennae dark with yellow base, their third joint shorter than the sec-

ond. L. 2.5 mm 108. 11. meridlonalis "uls.

Antennae entirely reddish-yellow, their second and third joints of same
length. L. 2.5-3 mm 109. H. marina Muls.

127. Pronotum If times as broad as lon-j 128.

Pronotum at most 1^/^ times as broad as lonj, more often as long as

broad 1 3C .

128. Antennal third joint shorter tnan the second. L. 2-2.5 mm

110. !U ^emina Er.
-194-

(Page 116)

128. Antennal third joint as long as the second. (Species larger) 129.

129. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra. Antennal base and the legs

brownish jellovi. L. 2.5-3 mm '. , . 111. H. AuLei Bris.

Pronotum as broad as elytra or broader. Antennal base and legs brown-
ish, femora most often dark. L. 3r3.5 mm. ..112. H. islandica Kr.

130. Elytra hardly longer than pronotum. L. 3.5-4 mm.: 113. H. clavipes Sharp.
Elytra distinctly longer than pronotum 131.

131. Antennal third joint as long as, or longer than the second 132.

Antennal third joint distinctly shorter than the second 134.

132. Pronotum 1 </s times as broad as long. Elytra together broader than long.

L. 4-4.5 mm 114. H. hy;rotopora Kr.

Pronotum as long as broad. Elytra together not broader than long.... 133.

133. Antennal next-last five joints about as long as broad, rather cylindri-.

cal. Abdominal next-last ventral joint in the elongate and at tip
broadly rounded off. L. 2.5-4 mm. (Fig. 78).: 115. H. elongatula Jravh.
Antennal next-last five joints feebly transverse, somewhat conical.
The next-last ventral joint of the ^ elongate, tapering, and the
actual tip transversally truncated. L. 4-4.5 mm.: 118. H. Jyllenhali Thorns.

134. Antennae rather fine, very slightly thickened toward tip, their next-

last joints about as broad as long, reverse conical. L. 2.5-4 mm.

116. H. melanocera Thorns.

Antennae proportionately robust, distinctly thickened dlstally, their
next-last Joints more or less transverse. Head rather narrow. I.
3-4 mm 117. H. tormin'^lis '.ravh.

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(Page lie)

135. Abdominal first three ventral joints impressed at base; its first three

free dorsal joints suddenly and strongly transversally grooved
depressed at base (species resemble Tachyusa) : 52. subg. jnypeta

Thorns 140.

Abdominal foremost ventral joints not impressed at base; its first three
free dorsal joints oblique and at base not strongly transverse-grooved
depressed 136.

136. Temples and genae marginated. Eyes not small, normal. Pronotum not nar-

rowing posteriorly (Fig. 86) : 48. subg. Cisopora Thorns. - Abdominal
first four free dorsal joints very densely and finely punctated,

dully glistening, the fifth almost smooth. L. 4-4.5 mm

132. H. lagguida Sr.

(Page 117)

136. Temples and jenae not marginated. Eyes rather small, a little shorter

than the temples. Pronotum narrov.ing posteriorly 137

137. Abdominal fifth free dorsal joint in the O with a fine carina at middle,

posterior margin of the sixth with four teeth or spines: subgenus

Aloconota Thoms 138.

Abdominal fifth and sixth free dorsal Joints In thed"without special
sex-characters, subg. ilossula Fowl. - Body very finely gray-hair-
ed with silky gloss. L. 3-3.5 ram 131. H. gregaria Er.

138. Antennal next-last three joints not broader than long. Elytra together

hardly as broad as long. Body narrow. L. 2.5-3 ram

130. K. cairbrlca "oil.

-196-

(Page 117)
138. Antennal next-last three joints feebly transverse. Elytra not longer

than their breadth together 13£.

13S. Elytra longer thun pronotum. Head as a rule distinctly grooved at mid-
dle. L. 4-4.5 mm 128. H. insecta Thorns.

Slytra not longer than pronotum. Head most often without distinct

groove. L. 3.5-4 mm 129. H. pavens Er.

140. Pronotum scarcely broader than long, glistening, antennal next-last

Joints not transverse 141.

Pronotum distinctly broader than long, modified shine. Antennal next-
last three joints distinctly transverse. L. 2.5 mm.: 138. H.velata Er.

141. Head narrower than pronotum, in the o feebly grooved or slightly im-

pressed,. . liody black glistening, rarely with feeble bluish re-
flection. L. 2.5-3 mm 136. H. carbonaria Mannh.

Head as broad as pronotum, in the o broadly and deeply impressed. Body

black with distinct bluish reflection. L. 3-3.5 mm

137. H. ripicola Kiesv^i.

First Serie. .
In all species in this series the abaomen is tapering. This character
is perhaps not always equally strongly emphasized, but is as a rule very
distinct. 77hile abdomen in few species such as marc id a, atramentaria et al.
occasionally and especially in the O may seem almost of equal breadth, the
rightful place for the species in this series is easily established by likce-
ness with other closely allied species. Notwithstanding that the species
belonging to subgenera Thamiaraea, :'otothecta, Lyprocorrhe and ratomicra

■197-

(Page 117)
are by Kraatz placed with those in which the abdomen is of uniform breadtht
it can however - partly in agreement with Sharp - be considered justifiab-
le to include them here. Their abdomen is undoubtedly tapering.

In the subgenera belonging to this series, the temples and genae are
ordinarily entirely marginated, only in riotothecta, Lyprocorrhe and Badura
immarginate. Eyes are normally large, antennae most often rather slender,
more rarely robust (e.g. Thamiaraea, ?haetida) . Pronotum is much broader
than long, ordinarily narrowing anteriorly, rarely feebly constricted be-
hind. In several subgenera (e.g. Chaetida, Badura, Dimetrota) the sides of
pronotum are provided with outstanding bristles, in others not; its epipleu-
ra in Goprothassa and the three following subgenera are so strongly inflex-
ed that they lie horizontal, in all others less strongly inflexed and are
then partly visible from the side; hind corners are prominent in Notothecta
and Lyprocorrhe, else more or less rounded off. The elytra are longer than
pronotum, in a few cases nearly of same length as this. Abdominal first three

(Page 113)
free dorsal joints are feebly or rather feebly obliquely depressed at base,
the fifth occasionally (e.g. Golpodota, Chaetida) distinctly longer than the
fourth; Abdominal sides end the four hindmost tibiae in several subgenera
(Chaetidae , Eadura, Dimetrota) with remarkably robust bristles, a quality
which seemingly is especially developed in species which preferably live in
manure, at carrion and decaying plants. In Thamiaraea. Notothecta and Lypro-
corrhe the middle-coxae are broadly separated, in the others narrowly.
In all of these the tip of mesosternum reaches at least to the midddle bel-

•198-

(Page 118)
ween the coxae, and is in Thamiataea unusually broadly rounded off (Fi^.ZS) .
In a few instances (e.g. Horn, py^maea) the first joint of hind tarsi is some-
what elonjate and noticeably longer than the second.

1. Subgenus Thamiaraea Ihoms.
1. H. cinnamomea jravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 88; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 336; ien. Spec. Staph. 127;
Kraatz Ins. E. II, 289; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 6C ; Sharp Rev. Brit. Kom. 21f;
I/uls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 150; .Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 126).

One of our largest and most robust Komalota species, in appearance not
unlike a Myrmedonia, easily identified by the proportionately broad, posteri-
orly distinctly tapering form of the body, its peculiar color, and sex-char-
acters of the O^ ; this as well as the follov.ing species furthermore remark-
able by the broadly separated middle-coxae, and the broad, roundly-obtuse tip
of the mesoBternum (Fig. 39),

Cinnanon-brown or yellow-reddish Lrown, finely and sparsely haired, fore-
body feebly, abdomen strongly glistening; hind corners of elytra most often
more darkly brown; abdomen black or brov.nish-black, its tip and posterior
margins of its foremost joints often yellowish-red; antennae pitch-black,
their base and the legs brownish yellow.

The head broad, however much narrower than pronotum, with very fine and
scattered punctation; antennae rather short, robust, bristle-haired, their
third joint longer than the second, the following increasingly thickened,
whereby the nextlast Joints become twice as broad as long; distal joint al-
most as long as the next-last two joints together. Pronotum is twice as broad
as long, very little narrower than e'lytra, with smoothly rounded, bristla-

-199-

(Page 116)
haired, forwardly feebly converging sides, dorsum smoothly convex, very
finely, densely punctated, the .surface together with the rest of the fore-
body extremely finely shagreened, at middle-line sometimes feebly grooved;
elytra' > longer than pronotum and somewhat more distinctly punctated than
same; abdomen distinctly tapering, almost impunctate and polished. L. 4-5 am,

(Page 119)

In the 3^ the suture of elytra anteriorly as a rule with cariniform el-
evation suddenly declining toward the scutellum; abdominal sixth free dor-
sal joint as a rule with a robust carina at middle, posterior margin at
middle triangularly produced and emarginate in tip, on each side of middle
deeply incised, whereby an acute inwardly directed tooth is formed at each
corner (Fig. 4C).

Distributed in Middle and North Europe. There the larva of the destruc-
tive and large carpenter moth Cossus ligniperda has attacked poplars, oak,
elm and other deciduous trees, there most often H. cinnamomea can be found
either in the larvae tunnels or by the outflowing sap, and usually quite
numerously. In this country it is local, but otherwise not rare.

3. H. hospita Mark.

(Mark. :;erm. Zeitschr. V, 216; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 250; Thorns. Skand. :ol,
III. 60; Sharp Fev. Brit. Hom. 217; Muls. et Fey Brevip. 1873, 154; 3anglb.
Kaf. M. II, 127).

It resembles cinnamomea, but is considerably smaller and more dully
glistening, and especially easily separated from same by the punctation of
abdomen.

Pitch-brown or reddish-brown, finely haired, feebly or dully glistening;

-200-

(Page 119)
pronotal sides, elytra, tip of abdomen and posterior margins of its joints
more or less brownish-yellow; antennal base and legs yellow.

The forebody in surface extremely finely shagreened and due thereto
of dull shine, a little more distinctly and densely punctated than in cin-
namomea. Antennae more slender than in this species, pronotum less convex,
most often distinctly grooved in middle-line. Abdomen feebly shagreened in
surface, its first three free dorsal joints rather robust and dense, the
two following finely and very sparsely punctated. L. 4 mm.

In the d*^ the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen at middle with a small,
smooth, posteriorly obtuse boss or carina; its posterior margin at middle
angularly produced with bidentate tip, and with a more or less developed
tooth at each side.

Distributed throughout Middle and North Europe, but much rarer than the
preceding species; in this country only found in a few places in the vicini-
ty of Vejle and Faaborg, in -^ossus gnawings of oak trunks, together with
cinnamomea (L. Andersen, author). May also be found with Lasius fuliglnosus
in hollow trees, mainly where these also have been attacked by the '^ossus
larvae (Sharp).

2. Subgenus Notothecta Thome.
6, H. flavipes Gravh.

(iravh. Uon. 161; Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 124; Kraalz Jns. L, II, 263;
Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 1C7; Sharp Fev. brit. Horn. 2J>2>; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip.
1873, 137; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 136).

(Pago 120)

5y form of body, color and greasy gloss, also by the compact outer joints

of the antennae, and by the prominent hind corners of pronotum, this and the

-201-

(Page 1,?0)
following species attain not a little likeness with species.of the genus
Thiasophilas, with which their mode of living in the ant nest also is mu-
tual.

Fusiform, rather broad; black or pitch-black, with rather strong greasy
shine, finely haired; elytra reddish-brown; abdominal tip, antennal base,
also the legs reddish-yellow.

The head is rather broad, however much narrower than pronotum, convex,
almost impunctate, polished; antennae slender and rather long, their third
joint longer than the second, the outer joints (5-10) almost of equal length
and equal breadth, feebly transverse, closely compact, distal joint as long
as the three preceding joints together. Pronotum scarcely narrower than el-
ytra, twice as broad as long, anteriorly roundly narrowing with deflected
fore-corners and prominent hind corners, posterior margin inside these dis-
tinctlji wavedt'dorsum slightly convex, rather finely and densely punctated,
sometimes with a feeble transverse impression before scutellum. Elytra 'fs
longer than pronotum, with dense and rather fine, scabrous punctation, their
posterior margin inside the outer corners distinctly waved; abdomen rather
strongly tapering, very glistening, somewhat long-haired with many side-
bristles, its foremost dorsal Joint with fine and isolated punctation, the
following almost smooth. L. 3.5-4 mm.

In the 3^ the abdominal sixth free dorcal Joint at middle obtusely usvedi .

Distributed everwhere and often numerous in tlie mounds with Formica rufa
and pratensis. It is tolerated by the ants and probably assist these In de-
vouring dead organic maltfir.

-202-
*)meaning one wave curved Inward- Incurved, Translaror.

(Page 120)

4. H. confusa Mark.

Mark. Jerm. Zeitsch. V, 21£; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 264; Thorns. Skand. IJol.
Ill, 107; Sharp Bev. Brit. Horn. 234; Muls. et Fey Brevip. 1873, 140; 3anglb.
Kaf. ivl. II, 135.).

Smaller and often someiwhat lighter of color than f lavlpes, which it
elsewhere very much resembles both in form and punctation. Is however easi-
ly separated from this mainly h^, that antennae are shorter and more ro-
bust, their middle and next-last joints are distinctly transverse, and that
abdomen anteriorly is somewhat more densely punctated. L. 3 ram.

It.livfis with Lasius fuli:;inosus. is distributed throughout North and
Middle Europe, everywhere rare; heretofore only found in few placed in this
conatj-y (North Sjaelland: Ruderhegn, Conse); but however most likely dis-
tributed with the host ant.

3. Subgenus Lyprocorrhe Thorns.

5. H. anceps Erichs.

(Erlchs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 335; ien. Spec. Staph. 12£; Kraatz Ins. E. II,
264; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 108; Sharp Pev. Brit. Horn. 232; Muls. et Fey
Bre'vip. 1873, 144; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II. 135).

(Page 121)

It is closely related to the two preceding; species: Temples and genae
immarginate, outer joints of the antennae (4-lG) closely oompact, middle-
coxae rather broadly separated, and like these lives in thu nnt hjlls.
It is however easily separated from both of these oy tnu feeble, dull jloss
of the body, and the entire medial groove of pronotum etc.

Black or brownish-black, dully shining, very finely huirod; abdominal
tip brownish-red; entennae pitch colored with lighter base; legs yellow
or brownish yellow.

-203-

(Page 121)

The head rnther broad, yet narrower than pronotum, convex, very finely
and densely punctated, glistenin^i; antennae rather thin, scarcely thicken-
ed distally, their third joint about as long as the second, the middle ones
fully as long as broad, the next-last feebly transverse, distal joint more
than twice as long as the tenth, tapering. Pronotum scarcely twice as broad
as lonj, posteriorly almost as broad as elytra, anteriorly feebly rounded
narrowing, its hind corners almost rectangular and posterior margin Inside
them feebly cucvad , dorsum feebly convex, rather finely, very densely punc-
tated, almost na^ed, with a sharp entire groove in medial line, the sides
without distinct bristles; elytra '/j longer than pronotum, with particular-
ly dense and rather fine scabrous punctation, their posterior margin inside
the outer corners distinctly curvea ; abdomen tapering, all over with very
fine, anteriorly dense, posteriorly more isolated punctation, somewhat long
and sparse hair vestiture. L. 6 mm.

In the O the abdominal next-last ventral jOint soraewhat elongate and
more narrowing than in the p ,

It lives in the mound with Formica rufa and its races, pratensis and
truncicola , and is not rare; occasionally also found with Form. ex:becta
and Lacius f uli-.-inosu3. Distributed in Middle and I>'orth Europe.

In Sweden is found (teste Thomson) in bumblebees' nests a very closely
allied species, H. nidorum Thorns, .which is light Lrov.n and without groove
on pronotum. Possibly this species or form may bo found here also, in humble-
bee^' nests.

4. Subgenus Coprothassa Thoms.
6. II. sordida I*arsh.

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(Page 121)

Marsh. Ent. Brit. 514; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 154.- llvidlpennls Mannh.
Brach. 7C ; Erichs. CJen. Spec. Staph. 129; Kraatz Ins. T. II, 311. — melanaria
Thorns. Skand. Gol. Ill, 34; Sharp Rev. Brit, Koq. 254; Muls. et Bey Brevip.
1873, 179.)

Among closely allied species with tapei ing abdomen sordida is especial-
ly recognized by the dense punctation of the body, dull dorsum and the light
color of elytra. - In form and color it somewhat resembles Oxypoda lividi-
peonis Mannh., but is inter alia somewhat smaller than that species.

Black, dully glistening, very finely, rather densely gray-haired; elytra
light brownish-yellow with a dark, triangular spot around scutellum; tip

(Page 122)
of abdomen yellowish-brown; antennae pitch-brown with reddish-brown base;
the legs light brownish-yellow.

Head broad, but narrower than pronotum, finely and densely punctated;
antennae rather long and robust, their third joint longer than the second,
the fourth distinctly transverse, the following about of e^ual breadth, but
the middle ones a little longer than the next-last, which hardly are trans-
verse, distal joint longer th:.n the two preceding joints together, longish
tapering. Pronotum posteriorly as broad as elytra, ih times as broad as long,
anteriorly feebly roundly narrowing with rounded obtuse hind corners, pos-
terior margin inside tnese slightly undate, dorsum convex, finely ani very
iensely punctated, sometimes with feeble medial groove, the sldas without
outstanding bristle-hwirs. lilytra a little longer than pronotum. finely and
very densely punctated, their posterior margin inside outer corners distinct-
ly undate; abdomen rather strongly tapering, all over finely, anteriorly dens-e-

• -205-

(Paje 122)
-ly, posteriorly less densely punctated, its sides and tip with lon^^ brist-
les. Middle-tibiae with one outstanding- bristle at middle. L. 3.5-4 Dun.

In the ^ the abdominal next-last ventral Joint somewhat elongate and
rounded off at tip; in the O distinctly undate.

Distributed and all over rather common under rotting plant matter,
sometimes numerous in compost.

7. H. melanaria Mannh.

(Mannh. Brach. 70; Kraatz Ins. E, II, 312; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 154. -
testudinea Erichs. ien. Spec. Staph. 131; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 35; Sharp
Pev. Brit. Horn. 255; Muls. et P.ey Brevip. 1873, 183.)

Shorter, darker and more glistening tnan sordida, from which it is further-
more separated by finer and shorter antennae, of which the fourth Joint is
as long as broad.

Black, glistening, finely haired; elytra brownish-yelloNi' or yellow-brown
with black sides and an extensive, triangular spot around scutellum; legs
brownish-yellow with darker femora.

The head broad and short, rather densely and finely punctated; anten-
nae rather fine, scarcely thickened distally, their third Joint a little
longer than the second, the fourth as long as broad, the middle ones as
long as broad, and the next-last ones feebly transverse, distal joint as
long as the two preceding Joints together. Pronotum posteriorly as broad as
or broader than elytra, anteriorly foebly roundly narrowing, 1; times as
broad as long, convex, rather densely and sharply punctated, without out-
standing side-bristles; elytra a little longer than pronotum, densely and
strongly, somewhat scabrously punctated, their posterior margin inside the
outer corners flatly undate. Abdomen strongly tapering with many outstand-

-206-

(Page 123)
ing side-bristles, its foremost dorsal joints with fine and dense, the hind-
most with more scatterd punctation. Middle- and hind-tibiae each with a
robust bristle at middle. L. 3 mm.

In the "$ the abdominal next-last ventral joint somewhat elongate and
rounded off, in the p feebly emarginate.

Distributed, but rarer than the preceding species; at manure and rot-
ting plant matter.

8. H. consanguinea i^pp.

(Eppelsh. Stett. Bnt. Ztg. 1895, 365; Janglb. Kaf. \k. II, 155.)

In relation to the tv.o preceding species this is especially recognized
by the color of pronotum and the short elytra, also by, that the fourth
antennal joint is longer than broad.

Black or pitch-brown, greasy shine, finely haired; pronotal sides most
often reddish brown; elytra and abdominal tip reddish-brown; legs reddish
yellow.

Head rather large, finely, but not densely punctated; antennae rather
long and robust, their third joint longer than the second, the fourth loag-
er than broad, the following (5-10) of e^ual breadth and almost of equal
length, scarcely transverse, compact, distal joint tapering, ar long as the
two next-last joints together. Pronotum behind middle as broad as elytra,
1* times as broad as long, anteriorly only narrowing a trifle more than pos-
teriorly, sides rather smoothly rounded, hind corners broadly rounded off,
dorsum slightly convex, very finely and rather densely punctated, without
outstanding side-bristles. Elytra snort, scarcely longer than pronotum, very

-207-

(Page 123)
finely and densely punctated, their posterior margin inside the outer cor-
ners flatly undate; abdomen less strongly tapering than in the preceding
tv.0 species , its foremost joints vt^ry finely and rather densely punctated,
the last with very scattered punctation; the tibiae without outstanding
brisxles. L. 3.5-4 mm.

In the CTthe next-last ventral joint of abaomen is somewhat elongate
and broadly rounded off.

It is known from South England and south-eastern Middle Europe; in this
country very rare and local, heretofore only occasionally found in the vi-
cinity of HlllerxJd, in the fall by decaying fungi, in the spring under damp
leaves at woodland ponds (author).

5. Subgenus Colpodota I.'uls. et Pey.
9. H. pyj^maea Jravh.

(iravh. hiicr. 86; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 314; Sharp Fev. Brit. Hom. 857;
I^uls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 189; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 155. - obfuscats Jravh.
Micr. 87; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 3c. - aterrima var. Erichs. Jen. Spec.
Staph. 133.)

A rather small species; within the subgenus especially identified by
the color of the antennae, and the somewhat elongate first joint of hind
tarsi. (Page 124)

In form, color and vestjture is much like an Oxypoda of sub^'enus Fodoxya,
but Its four-jointed fore-tersi, and the less elongate, shorter first joint
of hind-tarsi will easily prevent any confusion.

Black or blackish-brown, finely and densely gray-haired, silky glist-
eninj; Pronotel sides occasionally brownish; elytra lighter or darker brown;
tip of abdomen and posterior margins oV its joints yellow-brown; antennae

-208-

(Page 124)
pitch-black or reddish-brown with brov.nish yellow base; legs yellow or
brownish yellow.

Forebody very finely and densely punctated; Head broad; antennae rath-
er long, slightly thickened distally, their second and third Joint some-
what elongate, of equal length, the fourth distinctly longer than broad,
the middle ones about as broad as long, the next-last feebly transverse,
distal joint as long as the two preceding Joints together. Pronotum pos-
teriorly as broad as elytra, scarcely 1^ times as broad as long, somewhat
narrowing anteriorly, the sides feebly rounded, without distinct bristles,
dorsum slightly convex, without impressions. Elytra a little longer than
pronotum, their posterior margin inside the outer corners very flatly un-
date; abdomen longish tapering, finely and smoothly silky haired glisten-
ing, its fifth free dorsal joint much longer than the foUr.th; the fore-
most dorsal joints very finely and densely punctated, the hindmost with
more scattered punctatlon, at sides with long bristle-hairs. The middle
and hindmost tibiae with only one short fine bristle at middle; first Joint
of hind tarsi somewhat elongate, 1^ times as long as the second. L. 2.5-3 mm.

Common everywhere on damp or semi-damp forest or meadow ground; often

numerous in alluvium.

IC. H. aterrima Jravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 83; Erichs. ien. Spec. Staph. 133; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
313; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 36; Sharp Fev. Drit. Horn. 256; Muls. et Ray
Br^vip. 1873, 196; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 156).

Very closely allied to p.v;;maea, about of same length as this, tut as

a rule a little broader, darker of color, v.ith entirely black antennae or

-205-

(Page 124)
or these brownish at the base only; the outstanding bristles of the middle
and hind tibiae more distinct, and the first joint of hind tarsi shorter.

Black, finely haired, with feeble silky ^jloss; elytra sometimes brov.n-
ish; legs brownish yellow with darker femora.

Forebody very finely and densely punctated; head rounded, narrower than
pronotura; antennae often more slender than in py-^maea, very feebly thick-
ened distally, their second and third joints of same lenj^th, the fourth
longer than broad, the miadle and next-last ones about as lonjj as broad,
distal joint as long as the two precedinjj joints together. Pronotum pos-
teriorly as Droad as elytra, more than 1^ times as broad as long, somewhat
roundly narrowing anteriorly, smoothly convex, posterior margin at each
side slightly undate, sides without distinct bristles; elytra a little lor\2-

(Page 125)
er than pronotum, their posterior margin inside the outer corners scarce-
ly undate; abdomen strongly tapering, finely silky haired, their foremost
joints very finely and densely, the next-last less densely punctated. Sides
and tip with numerous bristles, the middle and hind tibiae each with a stiff,
outstanding bristle at miadle. First joint of hind tarsi short, only a little
longer than the second. L. 2.5-:J mm.

Common everywhere on damp or semi-damp ground under the plant cover, also

at manure and in compost.

11. H. parva Sahib.

(SahlL. Ins. Fenn. I, iac ; ;anglb. Kaf. W. II, 156. - piloBJventrts
Thorns. Ufv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, 106; Skand Col. Ill, 38; Sharp Rev. Brit.
Horn. - stercorlaria Kraat^ Ins. D. TI, 3l£; Muls. et Pey Bre'vlp. ie73, 2C0).

210-

(Patje 125)

From aterrima, which this species in form and color is most like, it
is especially separated by shorter antennae, of which the third Joint is
distinctly shorter than the second, body less finely punctated, and pro-
notum often with a longitudinal middle-groove posteriorly; as a rule it is
also considerably smaller than aterrima.

Elac'K, finely haired, somewhat glistening; elytra often brownish; legs
brownish-yellow with darker femora.

Head rounded, considerably narrower than- pronotum and together with
same finely and densely punctated; antennae rather short, feebly thickened
distally, their third joint ^distinctly shorter and more conical than the
second, the fourth small, as long as broad, the middle and next-last ones
feebly transverse, distal Joint as long as the two preceding Joints togeth-
er. Pronotum is posteriorly as broad as elytra, amply 1^ times as broad as
long, anteriorly narrowing with smoothly rounded sides, without distinct
erect side-bristles, slightly convex, with or without longitudinal groove
in middle-line posteriorly; elytra 4 longer than pronotum, more distinct-
ly and densely punctated than this, punctation feebly scabrous; abdomen
strongly tapering, with fine, evenly distributed and somewhat long, but not
dense hair vestiture, its tip and sides stroncly bristle-haired, the fore-
most dorsal joints distinctly and densely, the hindmost less densely punc-
tated, the fifth free joint nearly twice as long as the fourth. Middle and
hind tibiae are somewhat thickened at middle and here bears an outstanding,
robust bristle. L. 2.5 mm.

In manure and at decaying plant matter, distributed and not rare.

-211-

(Pa33 125)

Horn, muscorum Brl s. . which (teste Sharp) only differs from parva Sahib.

mainly by a little longer antennae, longer pronotum without groove, and by,

that the bristles on tibiae are indistinct, is most often considered as

a variety of this species. It is common in England, distributed in Middle

Europe and most probably also occurring in this country.

(Page 126)

6. Subgenus Solenia f-iuls. et Pey.

12. 'I. subsinuata Er.

(Erichs. CJen.. Spec. Staph. 126; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 316; Sharp Bev. Brit.
Horn. 262; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1873, 264; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 155.- fimetaria
Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 37).

Amomg closely allied species especially identifiable by a peculiarly
small head, grooved pronotum and feebly tapering abdomen.

Black, moderate gloss, finely haired; elytra and sometimes also the tip
of abdomen pitch-brownish; antennae black or pitch-brown; legs brownish yel-
low.

Head round, peculiarly small, finely and rather densely punctated; an-
tennae feebly thickened toward tip, their second end third Joints of same
length, the fourth smal] , as long as broad, tiie middle and next-last ones
feebly increasing, slightly transverse, distal Joint as long as the two
preceding joints together. Pronotum is posteriorly about as troad us el-
ytra, 1? times as oroad as lonj, anteriorly narrowing with slightly round-
ed sides without longer bristles, dorsum finely and densely punctated, with
a small transverse fovea posteriorly before scutellum, and beginning from
there sometimes a feeble longitudinal groove at raladle-line. Zlytra are 4

-212-

(Page 126)
longer than pronotum, more distinctly and densely punctated than this, their
posterior margin inside the outer corners distinctly undate. Abdomen is less
tapering than in the closest allied preceding species, rather finely and
anteriorly more densely punctated than the next-last Joints, its sides and
tip bristle-haired. Ihe middle-tibiae with a short, outstanding bristle on
middle, and the hindmost tibiae right beneath the knee v<ith a short curve,
which sfce-ms to be unique for this species. L. 2.3-2.5 mm.

Under rotting plants, in leaf mold and compost, also at outflowing tree-
sap, but rather rare.

13. H. latlcollis Stephs.

(Stephs. 111. Brit. V, 135; Oanglb. Kaf. LI. II, 15&. - vernacula Erichs.
Kaf. I.lk. Br. I, 339; Jan.. Spec. Staph. 131; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 315; Thorns.
Skand. Col. Ill, 84; Uuls. et Fey Br^vip. 1873, 259. - fusca Sharp. Rev. Brit.
Horn. 261).

It Is a good deal like the light specimens of Horn, fungi iravh.,the el-
ytra ho^^ever are as a rule lighter than in this, also longer; pronotum is
less convex, v.ith denser punctation and less shine, also longitudinally
grooved in middle-line; furthermore the species Is easily identified by the
sex-characters of the o .

Brownish black, rather glistening, finely haired; head entirely black;
pronotum brown with lighter sides; elytra brov.nish yellow; abdominal tip
brownish; antennae rust colored, their base, and the legs yellow.

The head is rather broad and short, finely and densely punctated; an-
tennae feebly thickened distally, their second and third Joints as a rule
of same lenght, the fourth small, smaller than the fifth, oftenest longer
than broad, the middle ones longer than broad, the next-last ones as broad

-213-

(Page 127)
as long, distal Joint rather robust, about as long as the two next-last
joints together. Pronotum nearly twice as broad as long, hardly narrower
than elytra, I'eebly narrowing anteriorly and with slightly rounded sides
without outstanding side-bristles, slightly convex, distinctly and dense-
ly punctated, middle-line distinctly grooved; its posterior margin dis-
tinctly undate. Elytra ^ longer than pronotum, punctated like this, their
posterior margin inside the outer corners flatly undate; abdomen tapering,
anteriorly rather densely and finely, posteriorly sparsely punctated, its
sides bristle-haired; the middle and hindmost tibiae with only a very short
bristle at middle. L. 2.f-3 mm.

In the o the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdom-
en with four teeth, which are separated by three equally large undulations*)
(Fig. 41), the two outer teetli are acute, the two middle ones obtuse and
a little shorter than the others. In the O tne posterior margin of the sans
joint at middle feebly undate.

Distributed, but rather rare; on damp or semi-damp ground under leaves

and in alluvium, also at fungi.

7. Subgenus Acrotona Thoms.

14. II. fungi Iravh.

(:;ravh. Uon. 175; Srichs. Kaf. Kk. Br. I, 338; (Jen. Spec. Staph. 121;
Kraatz Ins. E. II, 321; Thoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 38; Sharp Rev, Brit. Horn.
265; r:uls. et Pey Bre'vip. 1873, 225; Janglt. Kaf. M. II, 157).

A variable species; especially Identified by form of the body, and a
proportionately large, convex pronotum, also by the rather strongly thick-
ened first joint of the antennae.

-.^214-
■-'/Jlncurve^ -« Translat-or.

(Page 127)

Fusiform; black or brownish black, glistening, finely and sparsely haired;
head black; pronotum often brown with lighter sides; elytra darkly brownish
or chestnut brown, more rarely yellowish-brown; tip of abdomen, sometimes
also its foremost joints brownish; antennae either entirely yellowish-red
or brownish toward the tip; mouth-parts and legs reddish yellow.

The head is rounded, much narrower than pronotum, more or less finely,
isolated and flatly punctated; antennae rather slender, slightly thicken-
ed distally, short bristle-haired, their first joint 1^ times as thick as
the second, this a little more robust than the third, but hardly longer,
the fourth joint a little longer than broad, the middle ones as long as
broad, the next-last either feebly transverse (^ ) or as long as broad (o; ,
distal joint as long as the two preceding joints together. Pronotum across
the middle as broad as, or even broader than the elytra, amply 1^ times as
broad as long, narrowing anteriorly and posteriorly, with strongly rounded

(Page 128)
sides and with few fine side-bristles, fully convex, punctation rather fine
and isolated, most often with a feeble transverse fovea posteriorly before
the scutellum, occasionally also with a slight sugjestion of a groove in
middle-line. Blytra only a little longor than pronotum, somewhat more densa-
ly and distinctly punctated than this, their posterior margin inside the
outer corners slightly undate. Abdomen tapering, Its first three free dorsal
joints with fine and rather dense, sometimes isolated punctation, the fol-
lowing with very scattered punctation, the tides bristle-haired; middle and
hind tibiae with a small, very short, often indistinct bristle at ttlddle.
L. 2.3-3 mm.

-215-

(Paife 128)

In the O the abdominal next-last ventral joint is longer than in the Q
and narrowing posteriorly.

■!3istributed all over and very common on forest and field ground, under
damp leaves and at rotting plant matter, also at fungi, not rare at or in
ant hills (formica rufa, Lasius fulif^inosus) .

14a. H. fungi var. cllentula Kr. (Kraatz Ins. L. II. 322, Sharp Fev.
Erit. Horn. 266) is a small, very pale variety of fungi , comparatively nar-
rower than this. The head and the next-last abdominal joints are black, pro-
notum light brownish-red with lighter sides, elytra brownish yello\^, tip of
abdomen and its foremost joints brownish-red, antennae and legs yellow. L.
2 mm.

It is treated by Kraatz and Sharp as a species, but apparently less
correct, as the intermediate form to the type-form occurs.

A few distinct specimens of this variety are found here and there in

fungi on sandy ground, but as a whole is semmingly very rare. (Lindum, one

specimen in fungus, IC. 95; V. "Islev, Loll. 5. ISll et al.).

15. II. orbata Er.

C^-richs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 33S; .Jen. Spec. Staph. 132; Kraatz Ins. E.II,
322; Th&ips. Skand. Col. Ill, 2£ ; Sharp Fev. Brit. Horn. 264; Muls. et Fey
Erelvip. 1873, 820; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, IbS).

Very closely allied to fuftil. and presumably only a variety of this,

but as a rule considered as a separate species. It is distinguished by

the following deviations:

The color throughout is dtrker; the body glistening black; elytre often
brownish; antennae pitch-brown or brown, their first joint tnost often darker

-216-

(Page 128)
than the closest following; mouth-parts and legs brownish yellow.

The antennae often more slender than in fun.'^i. their first Joint is
thicker, - twice as thick as the second; pronotum a little longer, less
transverse, hardly 1^ times as broad as long, anteriorly a little more nap-
rowing, oftenest somewhat more finely punctated than in the preceding spe-
cies, ilytra and abdomen etc- present nospecial differences. L. 2.5-3ram.

(Page 12£)
It prefers to live on murky ground: in forests, marshes and bogs, and
is not rare in such places.

16. H. pulchra Kr&atz.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 321; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 263; Muls. et Rey Brevip.
1873, 251. - clientula Janglb. Kaf. li. II, 158; Erichs. ^en. Spec. Staph.
133, nee. Kr.).

Like orbata very closely allied to fungi , from v.hich it especially and
most easily is separated by the color of elytra and the form of pronotum.

Glistening black, rather finely and sparsely haired; pronotum pitch-
brownish or brown with lighter sides; elytra brownish yellow, most often
darker around scutellum; abdominal tip brownish; antennae brown, at base a
little lighter, legs clear yellow.

Head rather broad, punctation same a.- in fungi ; ^ntennae rather slender,
their first joint thickened, twice as thick as the second, which is neither
more robust nor longer than the third, the fourth most often longer than
broad, the middle ones as long as broad, the next-last feebly transverse.
Pronotum is posteriorly as broad as elytra, Ij times as broad as long, an-
teriorly distinctly more narrowing than in fun.^i , sides feebly rounded, with

-217.

(Pa^e 129)
a few fine bristles, dorsum slightly convex, with fine, isolated punctati-
on, most often with a suggestion of, or feeble transverse fovea posterior-
ly before scutellum; elytra i longer than pronotum, densely and rather fine-
ly punctated; abdomen not strongly tapering, its first three free dorsal
joints with rather fine and isolated punctation, the following sparsely
punctated, sides bristle-haired. Middle tibiae with a short bristle at mid-
dle, hind tibiae none. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the 3* the next-last ventral abdominal joint same as in fungi some<»
v.hat elongate and tapering.

Very rare; in this country heretofore only found at Skagen and ^rholm;

distributed in Middle Europe, also found in England and Scotland.

17, H. orphano Sr.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 340; len. Spec. Staph. 133; Kraat', Ins. !;. II,
323; Thorns. Skand. Zo\. Ill, 39; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 267; J.'uls. et Pey
Brevip. 1873, 241; 3anglb. Kaf. M. II, 157).

A small species, closely allied to, but considerably smaller than fun£_i_,
from which it furf.er is separated by, that the third joint of the anten-
nae is distinctly shorter than the second.

Black, finely haired and glossy; base of antennae, especially their
first joint, mouth-parts and legs lighter or darker brownish-yellow.

Ihe head is rather broaa and short, on sidei? with flat and rather fine
punctation, at middle scarcely punctated; antennae slightly thickened dls-
tally, tl.eir first joint about twice as think as the second, th% third dis-
tinctly shorter thm the necond, the fourth small, as long as broad, the
middle ones feebly, the next-last ones distinctly transverse, distal joint

•218-

(Page 130)
rather robust, oblonj. Pronotum is posteriorly about as broad as elytra,
twice as broad as lonj, slightly narrowinj anteriorly, without distinct
side-bristles, slightly convex, finely and densely punctated, middle-line
sometimes feebly or indistinctly grooved; elytra i longer than pronotum,
very densely, rather finely and sharply punctated, their posterior margin
inside tho outer corners flatly undate; abdomen taperin^, its first three
free dorsal Joints finely and densely, the fourth less densely, the fifth
sparsely punctated. The bristles on middle and hind tibiae are indistinct.
L. 2 mm.

Very rare; heretofore only found singly in this country. North SJaelland,
especially on damp woodland or thicket ground (Copenhagen, Hiller;0d). Distrib-
uted in North and Middle Europe.

8. Subgenus Datomicra Muls. et Key.
18. H. cribrata Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 288; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. P,69 ; Janglb. Kaf. W. II,
162).

A very small, compact species, distinguished by its compart) tively sharp,
robust punctation, and thereby easily identified within the subgenus.

Deeply black, extremely finely haired, dull or v.ith feeble shine; elytra
sometimes brownish and tha antennae pitch colored; legs darkly brownish-
yellow with lighter tersi.

The body fusiform; head proportionately broad, yet narrower than pro-
notum, with sharp, proportionately rooust and not dense punctation, some-
what glistening, at middle sometimas with a short jroove; antennae rather

■21 &-

(Pa^e 13C)
short, slightly thickened distally, their second Joint comparatively
thick, th3 third much shorter and finer than the second, strongly con-
stricted at base, the fourth ns broad as long, small, the middle ones
feebly, the next-last ones rather strongly transverse, distal joint short,
ovally tapering. Pronotum is posteriorly about as broad as, or a little
narrower than elytra, twice as broad as lcn;j, roundly narrowing anterior-
ly, without side-bristles, convex, very densely and rather finely, but
sharply punctated; elytra '/? longer than pronotum, with especially dense,
ratheri fine scabrous punctation, their posterior margin inside the outer
corners scarcely incurved; abdomen rather broad, distinctly tapering, its
first three dorsal joints finely, but sharply and densely punctated, the
two following with increasingly scattered punctation. The sides v;ith a few,
the middle and hind tibiae without any outstanding bristles. L. 1.5 mm.

It is known from Meddle iiurope and England, but everywhere extremely
rare. In this country so far only a few specimens have been found, such
as , one single specimen under carrion on damp forest ground in SksTrping
Holme, south of Aalborg, an other couple under moist leaf mould on marshy
ground at Hiller^d. (5. 1895; 'i . 1906, Author).

(Page 131)
19. H. canescens Sharp.

(Sharp. Rev. Erit. Horn. 239; Thorns. Opusc. Ent. 1870, 132; langlb. ?:af.
M. II, 162).

A very small species, closely allied to sordidula, but of more uniform

breadth and less finely punctated; the antennae shorter, and namely their

•220-

(Paje 131)
distal joint distinctly shorter than in same.

Black, dull, especially finely and sparsely haired; legs brownish
yellow; the femora most often darker than tibiae and tarsi.

The head rather broad, however narrower than pronotum, densely and
finely, but sharply punctated, middle-line most often feebly grooved; an-
tennae rather slender, feebly thickened distally, their third joint short-
er and finer than the second, conical, the fourth small and as long as
broad, the middle ones feebly, the next-last onet distinctly transverse,
distal joint short, much shorter than in sordidula, scarcely as long as
the two next-last joints together. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra,
amply ik times as broad as long, with smoothly rounded sides without out-
standing bristles, flatly convex, very densely, finely, but sharply punc-
tated, oftenest with a suggestion of a groove in middle-line, elytra'!'^
longer than pronotum, punctated like same; abdomen of rather uniform
breadth, very finely and densely punctated. The middle tibiae with a short
and feeble, outstanding bristle at middle, the hind tibiae without bristle.
L. 1.2 mm.

In tne O^the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint indis-
tinctly quadro-dentflte (see Fig. 42).

At manure, carrion and rotting plant-matter; distributed in North and

Middle Europe; rare in this country.

H. sordidula Erichs.

(Erichs. Kaf. L'k. Br. I, 335; ien. Spec. Staph. 123; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
296; Thorns, '^kand. Col. Ill, £•! ; Sharp Fev. Erit. Horn. 238; Muls. et Fey
Br^vip. 1873; 372; langlb. Kaf. I.:. II, 162).

A Vary small, narrow species with distinctly tapering abdomen and rath-

-221-

(Page 1.31)
-er long antennae, of v.hich the distal joint i"= proportionately long.

Black, dull, very finely haired; legs brownish yellow with darker
femora.

The head a little narrower than pronotum, especially finely punctated,
often slightly grooved in middle-line; antennae proportionately long, long-
er and more robust than in canescens, their third Joint shorter than sec-
ond and more conical, the fourth small, feebly transverse, the middle and
next-last ones about of e^jual breadth, about 1^ times as broad as long,
distal joint comparatively long, longer than the two next-last joints to-
gether, oblong, obtusely tapering. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra,
a little broader than long, with slightly rounded sides and a few outstand-
ing bristles on sides, flatly convex, especially densely and finely punc-
tated, and v.iih a more or less distinct, anteriorly abbreviated or oblite-
rated longitudinal groove in middle-line, elytra i longer than pronotum,

(Page 132)
punctated like this; abdomen distinctly tapering, especially finely, dense-
ly and evenly punctated, someviihat glistening, '"hen sufficiently magnified
the surface of the dorsal joints of abdomen reveal a fine transverse aci-
culation, and under a certain light a metallic, iridescent reflection.
The middle tibiae bear a distinct, the hind tibiae a less distinct bristle
at middle. L. 1.5 mm.

At manure, unaer rotting plants and in the soil under carrion; distrib-
uted and not very rare, but easily overlooked.

■222-

(Page 132)

21. H. celata Sr.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 335; Zen. Spec. Staph. 122; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
32C; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. ?.'i7 ; lauls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 361; Oariijlb.
Kaf. M. II, 162.- dadopora Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 283).

It is distinctly larger and broader than sordidula; from small species

«

of eosterae Thoms. , v^ith which it is very similar in form, it is easily
separated by, that head and pronotum are dully ^listenin^, more densely
and sharply punctated than in same, and also comparatively broader.

Black, very finely haired; forebody dull or rather dull, abdomen scme-
vhat glistening; elytra and base of antennae sometimes brownish; the legs
are brownish yellow with darker femora.

Head broad, a little narrower than pronotum, rather densely and very
finely, but sharply punctated, at middle often (S) slightly grooved; an-
tennae rather short, feebly thickened distally, their third joint short-
er and more conical than the second, the fourth small, feebly transverse,
the following (5-10) about of same length, but the next-last ones some-
what broader than the middle ones, distinctly transverse, the distal joint
as long as the two preceding joints together. Pronotum a little narrower
than elytra, fully 1^ times as broad as long, its posterior corners less
rounded off than in zosterae, the sides slightly rounded, with a few fine
bristles, dorsum feebly convex, very densely, finely but sharply punctated
and with a, sometimes feeble, longitudinal middlegroove; elytra k longer
than pronotum, punctated like this; abdomen tapering, its first three free
dorsal joints densely and distinctly punctated, the two following with
more scattered punctation. The middle tibiae with a short but distinct.

■223-

(Page 132)

the hind tibiae with a more indistinct bristle-hair at middle. L. l.E mm.

-rr
In the o the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of ab-
domen with four small, often indistinct spines (see Fig. 42).

Distributed, but rather rare; at manure, carrion and rotting plant-
matter.

22. H. =;ermana Sharp.

(Sharp Rev. Brit. Hom. 235; ^ianglb. Kaf. U. II, 161).- arenicola
Thorns. Skand. Col. X, 321).

(Page 133)

Very closely allied to celata Zr. , as vtell as to zosterae Thorns.;
it is occasionally treated as a variety of the former species.

'"ith celata it has this in common that the forebody is densely and
sharply punctated, and due to this v.ith feeble or dull j^loss; they are
separated by, that the head and elytra in ^ermena are a little longer,
and that the impressions on head and pronotura are more distinct and deep-
er. From zosterae it is easier to separate .^ermana, by the more robust
and dense punctation of head and pronotum, their mora feeble glose and
also by the more distinct longitudinal middle-groove; and furthermore the
pronotum is broader, fully lilt times as broad as long. L. 1.5 mm.

The sex-characters of the o^are scarcely different from those of
zosterae and celata, and are somewhat indistinct (see Fig. 42).

It is distributed in England, rare in Sweden and Germany, in Cenmark
heretofore only found at Aalborj, under seaweed at the fjord, ».nd in fungi
(Author).

•224-

(Page 133)

23. H. zosterse Thorns.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Acad. Forh. 1856, 103; Skand. Col. Ill, 90; Oanglb.
Kaf, t:. II, 161.- nigra Kraatz Ins. D. II, 287; Sharp Rev. Brit. "om. 234;
Muls. et Key Brevlp. 1873, 36fc).

A small species with feebly tapering abdomen; within the subgenus
especially identifiable by the gloss of forebody, and by the punctation
of head and pronotum, which is very fine, and somewhat isolated.

Father narrow, feebly fusiform; black, glistening, finely haired; el-
ytra sometimes brownish; legs pitch-brov.n or brownish-^yellcw with darker
femora.

Head as long as broad, narrower than pronotum, extremely finely or
indistinctly punctated; antennae longer than head and pronotum together,
feebly thickened distally, their third Joint shorter than the second,
the fourth small, scarcely transverse, the middle ones feebly, the next-
last ones most often distinctly transverse, distal joint as long as the
two preceding joints together. Pronotum somewhat narrower th>4n elytra,
iVi times as broad as long, with smoothly rounded sides, rounded off hind
corners and a few fine side-bristles, slightly convex, punctation very
fine somewhat isolated, occasionally feebly grooved in middle-line or at
least with a slight impression before scutellum; elytra f ,'3 longer than
pronotum, as finely, but more densely punctated than this. Abdomen dis-
tinctly, but not strongly tapering, its first three free dorsal Joints
"^^rj finely and rather densely punctated, the following with mor<a scatter-
ed punctation. The middle tibiae with a fine short, outstanding bristle at
middle. L. 1.5-2 mm.

-225-

(Pa^e 134)

In the o the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of ab-
domen with four very small spines, separated by three, about e:iually broad
feeble sinuations; in the ^ the posterior margin of the same joint at
middle very slightly incurved. (Fig. 42 and 42a).

Distributed everywhere and rather common under decaying plant matter,
often numerous in compost.

24. K. hodierna Sharp.

(Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 236; danglb. Kaf. Li. II, 161).

Very closely allied to zosterae Thorns, and perhaps only an aberration
of this species, but larger and more robust; antennae longer, less thick-
ened toward tip; the impressions of head and pronotum in the ^ are distinct.

Black, glistening, finely haired; elytra often brownish; legs darkly
brownish -ye How.

The head is broader and shorter than in zosterae, punctetion same as in
this, in the O distinctly impressed and grooved at middle; antennae longer
and more slender, scarcely thickened distally, their middle and next-last
joints longer, each of these a little longer than broad, distal joint dis-
tinctly longer than in zosterae. Pronotum somewhat narrower than elytra,
about '/j broader than long, v^vj finely and densely punctated and with an
oftenest distinct longitudinal groove in medial line; elytra about \'i3
times as long as pronotun:, punctated like same; abdomen and its punctatlon
also the characters of d^ same as in zosterae. L. 2-2.5 mm.

It is kno'An from England and Middle Europe; in Denmark it is hereto-
fore only found at Aalborg and a few places in Korth Zealand, eepecially

-226-

(Page 134)

at lake shores in alluvium and at the beach under seaweed (at Damhuss^,

Pungsted).

&. Subgenus Ghaetida Muls. et Fey.

25. H« longicornis Iravh.

(Jravh. Micropt. 87; Erichs. KaJ. Kk. Br. T, 337; .^en. Spec. Staph.
12Sj Kraatz Ins. D. II, 301; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 95; Sharp Rev. Brit.
Horn. 243; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 275; ^anglb. Kaf. M. II, 160).

A peculiar species with distinctly tapering abdomen. Identified espe-
cially by the robust, long antennae and their structure, also by the punc-
tation of abdomen. (Fig. 43).

Fusiform; black, rather strongly glistening and with rather long, fine
hair vestiture; elytra brownish yellow, at the suture and sides most often
blackish; abdominal tip, and antennal base pitch-brownish; legs brownish-
yellow.

The head is comparatively small, much narrower, than pronotum, finely
but not densely punctated; antennae long, almost as long as head, prono-
tum and elytra together, robust, from the fifth joint outward scarcely
thickened and not bristle-haired, but pubescent and dull, their third joint

(Page 135)
longer than the second and as well as the first two and the fourth joints
bristle-haired, the fourth joint broader than long, the middle and next-
last (E-IC) of e jual breadth, the fifth as long as broad, the following
longer than broad, distal Joint Ij times as long as the tenth, but taper-
ing. Pronotum is somewhat narrower than elytra, li times as broad as long,
the sides smoothly rounded, with lon-j, outstanding bristles, dorsum slight-

-227-

(Page 135)
-ly convex, with fine but not dense granulated punctation, without im-
pressions; elytra a little longer than pronotum, punctated like this;
abdomen distinctly tapering, all over densely and finely punctated, gray-
ish-glistening haired, posterior margin of Joints and the sides with long
bristles, the fifth free abdominal joint longer than the fourth. Middle
and hind tibiae each with two robust bristles in outer margin. L. 3-3. 5mm.

In the C? the next-last ventral Joint of abdomen somewhat elongate
and rounded off at tip; in the p the posterior margin at middle slightly
incurved.

Common everywhere at manure and rotting plant matter, also at carrion;

more rarely in alluvium.

26. H. macrocera Thorns.

(Thoms. Ofv. Vet. Acad. Forh. 1656, 10-6; Skand Col. Ill, 96; Sharp
Fev. Brit. Horn. 2-;4; ? Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 163 /"Radursly .

A small, fusiform, rather narrow species, which in form etc. resemb-
les longicornis, but is not half as larjs; the antennae ere proportiona-
ly as long, but much less robust, abdomen, especially posteriorly, less
densely punctated.

black, glistening, finely and on abdomen long haired; elytra and most
often also the abdominal tip brownish yellow.

The head a little narrower than pronotum, finely and rether densely
;ranulated-punctated, occasionally feebly grooved at middle; antennae
long, as long as head, pronotum and elytra together, slender tna not thick-
ened distally, the first four Joints bristle-haired, th« folloving pube-
scent and dull, the third Joint about .,-- long as the second,. the fourth

-228-

(Pa-e 135)
longer than broad, the following of same thickness, but the middle ones
a little longer than broad, -(Page 136)- the next-last ones as long as broad,
distal Joint oblong, as long as the two next-last joints together. Pro-
notum is a little narrower than elytra, l'/3iiaies as broad as long, hard-
ly narrowing anteriorly, v.ith smoothly rounded, bristle-hsired sides, slight-
ly convex, rather finely, evenly and densely punctated, the middle-line
posteriorly more or less distinctly grooved; elytra scarcely longer than
pronotum, punctated like same; abdomen rather strongly tapering, its first
three free dorsal joints finely and rather densely punctated, tht two fol-
lowing with more scattered punctation, the fifth joint longer than the
fourth; the sides, especially toward tip, with long bristles. Middle and
hind tibiae each with a longer outstanding bristle at middle. L. 1.5-3mm.
It is found at manure, especially horse-manure, under rotting plants
and in the soil under carrion, is distributed, but as a whole rare.

10. Subgenus Dimetrota Huls. et Pay.
27. H. parvula Mannh.

(Mannh. Brach. 84; Jaoglb. Kaf. U. II, 163.- cauta Erich s. KKf. Mk. Br.
I, 334; len. Spec. Staph. 122; Kraat?. Ins. E. II, 318; - spreta Falrm.,
Mul.3.et Pey Brevip. 1H73, 357.- parva Sharp Pev. Brit. Eom. 253).

A small species, of form, color and size about like zjstorae Thorns.

but more coarsely punctated and v.ith iiuch more di=5tlnct bristlea on sides

and tibiae; ivlthin subgenus Dimetrota mc st like setigerrt Sharp, from which

it however without difficulty can be separated by a little longer antennae

which distally are less thickenea.by somewhat broader pronotum, also by

more robust and longer bristles on tlia tibiae.

•229-

(Paie 136)

Feebly fusiform; black, jlisteninj, rather finely haired; the elytra
sometimes brownish black; legs brownish-black or darkly brownish-yellow
with lighter knee and tarsi.

The head is narrower than pronotum, with fine, and rather isolated
granulate punctation; antennae a little longer than head and pronotum
together, very feebly thickened distally, bristle-haired, their first
joint rather robust, the third joint shorter than the second, the fourth
small and as long as broad, the fifth feebly, the following five joints
distinctly transverse, about li times as broad as long, each of these
of e^ual length, distal joint as long as the next-last two joints togeth-
er, oblong tapering. Pronotum somewhat narrower than elytra, scarcely
1^ times as broad as long, feebly narrowing anteriorly, with slightly
rounded, distinctly bristle-haired sides, rather convex, with rather
dense and fine granulate punctation, middle-line often feebly grooved pos-
teriorly; elytra ''/j> longer than pronotum, somewhat more distinctly ana
densely punctated than this; abdomen tapering, its first three free dor-
sal joints with fine and rather isolated punctation, the following sparse-
ly punctated, sides with numerous bristles. Middle and hind tibiae each

(Page 137)
with two outstanding bristles, of v.hich the nethermost - on middle tibiae
placed at middle, on hind tibiae Deneath middle - is longest and most
robust. L. :i mm.

In the ^ the next-last ventral joint of abdomen rounded off at tip,
in the p distinctly incurved.

-230-

(Page 137)
At manure, decaying plants, under leaves and at carrion etc.; dis-
tributed all over and not rare.

28. H. ni.'^ripes Thorns.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Fo'rh. 1B58, 102; Skand. Col. Ill, 94; 3an(jlb.
Kaf. M. II, 164. - villosula Kraatz Ins. I. II, 30E; Sharp Rev. Brit.
Horn. 249).

FecOjjnized by color of the body and sex-characters of the o ,
Feebly fusiform; coal-black, rather finely black-haired; forebody
feebly, abdomen more strongly glistening; legs black or brownish black
with brov-n-red knees and tarsi.

Forebody very finely shagreened in surface and therefore feebly or
dully shining; the head rather small, rounded, with fine e-nd scattered
granulate punctation; antennae fully as long as head and pronotum togeth-
er, slightly thickened distally, distinctly bristle-haired, their second
and third joints of same length, the fourth as long as broad, the middle
ones feebly, the next-last more distinctly, but not strongly transverse,
distal joint tapering, as long as the two preceding joints together.
Pronotum is somewhat narrower than elytra, about \\ times as broad as long,
anteriorly more tapering than posteriorly, with slightly rounded sides,
on which the outstanding bristles are long and distinct; dorsum rather con-
vex, with rather robust, but not dense granulate punctation and with a
small, either foeble or merely suggested transverse fovea posteriorly
before the scutellum. Elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, more densely
and robustly granulated punctated than this; abdomen tapering posteriorly,
its first three free aorsal joints with distinct and rather isolated punc-

• 231-

(Pa-e 137)
-tation, the two following with scetttered punctation; sides and tip with
robust bristles. Middle and hind tibiae each v. ith two outstanding bristle?,
of which the nethermost is longest and most robust. L. 2.5 mm.

In the a the middle of the sixth free dorsal joint is somewhat elon-
jate and at tip transversally truncated, contrariwise its sides run out
into a fine, acute tooth or thorn of same length as the middle part, and
separated from this by a deep, sharp incision. In the o the same joint is
at middle feebly incurved ana with a small, short tooth at each side.
(Fig. 44 and 44a).

At manure, plant waste and like matter, also under leaves on damp

ground and at outflowing trea-sap; distributed but rather rare. North and

Middle Europe.

(Page 1^8)

29. H. laevana Muls.

(Muls. et Pey OpuscEnt. I, 185,2, 3S; Erevip. 1873, 423; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 306; Sharp Pov. Brit. Horn. 246; Thorns. Opusc. F.nt. II, 187C, 134;
3anglb. Kaf. M. II, 164).

Compared with atramentaria, to which laevana in form and size js close-
ly allied, it is especially identified by more robust antennae, lighter
color of elytra and lege, and by denser more robust punctation of prono-
tum.

Feebly fusiform or of rather uniform oreadth; black, glistening, finei-
ly haired; head and pronotum sometimes with feeble bronze reflection; el-
ytra brown or yellowish-brown *ith a black, occa8ion<illy feebl-j bronze-
like reflection on tase and at sides; antennae pitch-black, their base some-
times brownish; legt brownish yellow.

-232-

(Pa^e 138)

The head is rather broad, somewhat narrower than pronotum, fine and
isolated ijranulated punctated; antennae rather robust, bristle-haired,
their second and third joints of same length, the fourth as l^n^- as broad,
narrower than the fifth, the middle and next-last (5-lC) of same length,
smoothly increasingly thickened, so that the next-last ones become 1^
times as broad as lon^;, distal joint about as long as the two preceding
joints together. Fronotum is somewhat narrower than elytra, hS broader
than long, its sides slightly rounded and provided with several out-
standing, long bristles, dorsum slightly convex, with rather fine and
dense granulate punctotion, the middle-line posteriorly sometimes very
feebly grooved; elytra '/i^ longer than pronotum, punctated like same; ab-
domen noticeably but not strongly tapering, its first three free dorsal
joints with fine and isolated, the following with simple punctatlonj the
sides and tip robustly bristle-haired. Middle and hind tibiae each with
two outstanding bristles, of which the nethermost is longest. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the o^ the posterior margin of sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen '
with three sinuations, the middle one broadest and one smaller on each
side of this, whereby four short spines are formed, two at each side. (Fij 45),

At excrements and manure, under decayir^^ plants, in fungi ana at car-
rion; distributed in Europe, and not rare in this country, but not eill
over e4ually frequent.

30. H. seti.:ara Sharp.

(Sharp Pev. Brit. 251; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 164).

From laevana. to which setl^erx is very closely allied, and of »hich

-233-

(Page 138)

it perhaps is only a small, dark aberration, it is separated from this
by, that the elytra are darker, pitch-black or pitch-brown, the legs
pitch-brown or brovnish yellov; with darker femora; the antennae short,
toward tip comparatively more strongly thickened, their third Joint dis-
tinctly shorter than the second, the next-last ones about twice as broad

(Page 139)
as long; the bristles on the tibiae are finer and shorter. It is nearly
half the size of the precedin£j species. L. 1.5-2 mm.

In the 5' the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen without spines at
aaargin, its next-last ventral joint rounded off at tip, in the p distinct-
ly incurved.

In manure and under rotten plants; distributed in England and Middle

Europe; here it has so far only been found at Odense ( Jjefrgensen) and Hil-

ler^d (Author), but elsewhere distributed about like laevana.

31. H. atramentaria (Jyllh.

(jyllh. Ins. Sueo. II, 408; F.richs. Jen. Spec. Staph. Ill; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 3C5; Thorns. Skand. -^ol. Ill, S2; Sharp. Pev. Brit. Horn. 250; Mule,
et Fey Br^vip. 1873, 450; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 168).

Raco^jnized by the most often distinct bronze reflection of head, pro-
notum and elytra, and by the only feebly tapering form of abdomen. Not-
withstanding this latter character its right place is undaubtedly within
subgenus Dimetrota. where other species with bronze reflection also occur.

Black, finely haired, glistening; head, pronotum and elytra most oftai
distinctly with light or dark bronze-like gloss; elytra at middle most
often brownish; legs brownish black Aith lighter knees and tarsi or yel-
lowish-brown with darker femora.

-234-

(Page 139)

The head is narrower than pronotum, sparsely and Indistinctly punc-
tated; antennae rather fine at middle, sli^jhtly thickened toward tip,
bristle-haired, their second and third joints of same length, the middle
ones (4-6) fully as long as broad, the next-last (7-10) distinctly trans-
verse, distal joint as long as the two preceding joints together. Prono-
tum a little narrower than elytra, amply //j broader than long, v.ith feebly
rounded, bristle-haired sides, slightly convex, finely and not densely punc-
tated, ths surface as well as of head and elytra very finely shagreened
and thereifore moderated in gloss, with a slight transverse fovea poste-
riorly before scutellum. Elytra ^ '5 longer than pronotum, with rather fine
and dense, feebly scabrous punctation; abdomen only tapering a little, its
sides and tip with numerous bristles, the first three free dorsal joints
with fine and isolated, the following with simple punctation. The middle
and hind tibiae at middle with an outstanding bristle, most robust on middle
tibiae, aoove this a shorter' bristle. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the o the sixth free dorsal joint at tip transversely truncated,
with sharp, almost dentiform corners; posterior margin at middle slightly
incurved and on each side of the curve feebly rounded. (Fig.4£). In the p
the same joint is at tip feebly incurved.

At manure, carrion, rotting plants and in alluvium; distributed every-
where and common.

(Page 140)

32. H. cadaverina Brls.

(Brls. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1360, 341; Sharp. Pev. L'rit. Hom. 245; Wuls.
et Pey Brevip. 1873, 420; 3anglb. K^'f. U. II, 169. - 7 nudiuccula Thorns.
Skand. "^ol. Ill, 33.).

-235-

(Pa^je 140)

A comparatively broad, rather uniformly broad species v.ith peculiar-
ly broad head, broad pronotum and not strongly tapering abdomen; other-
wise identified by the color.

Black, rather glistening, finely haired; elytra sometimes pitch-brown-
ish; legs yellowish brown with darker femora.

Head short and broad, very little narrower than pronotum, very finely
and especially at middle sparsely punctated; antennae rather long, but not
robust, scarcely thickened distally, finely bristle-haired, their second
and third joints of same length, the fourth longer then broad, the middle
ones as long as broad, the next-last ones scarcely transverse, distal joint
as long as the two preceding joints together. Pronotum but very little
narrower than elytra, nearly twice as broad as long, anteriorly scarcely
narrowing, with smoothly rounded sides and a few side-bristles, rather
flatly convex, finely and densely granulated punctated, most often with
a suggested transversal fovea posteriorly before the scutellum, more rarely
feebly grooved in medial line; elytra i longer than pronotum, very aensely
and rather finely scabrously punctated; abdomen slightly tapering, its
first three free dorsal Joints with very fine and scattarad punctatlon, the
following almost smooth, the sides bristle-haired. The bristles of tibiae
are short and indistinct. L. 3-3.5 mm.

In the t5^the first four antennal joints on inner side with longer and
denser hair clothing than in the Q ; thu head at midale slightly depressed
and abdomen more distinctly tiipering than in the p .

At excrements, in fungi and under rotting plants; distributed in Middle
Europe, with us rather rare and somewhat local.

-236-

(Page 140)

33. K. plcipennis Mannh.

(Mannh. Bull. Mosc. 1343 III, 224; ianglb. Kaf. W. II, 168. -aenelpennls
Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, 103; Skanri. •:ol. Ill, &2. - immunda Muls.
et P.ey Brevip. 1873, 427).

A fusiform species, identified by the color of antennae and legs, and
by the dull, darkly bronze-like gloss and scabrous punctation of the fore-
body.

Black, finely haired; forebody dully glistening with a darkly bronze-
or ore-like reflection; abdomen glistening without bronze reflection; el-
ytra aarkly brov-nish; antennae pitch-black, at base scarcely brownish;
legs brownish yellow.

The head, pronotum and elytra densely shagreened in surface and due
to this oC-dull shine; head a little narrower than pronotum, with very
fine, isolated, granulate punctation; antennae slender, scarcely thicken-
ed distally, bristle-haired, their third joint as long as or a little long-
er than the second, the fourth fully as long as broad, the middle ones like-

(Page 141)
wise 9 trifle longer than broad, the next-last ones as long as broad or
very feebly transverse, distal Joint as long as the two preceding joints
together and not thicker than these, tapering. Pronotum is narrower than
elytra, 1^5 times as broad as long, anteriorly a little narrower than pos-
posteriorly, tht sides smoothly rounded and provided with a few outstand-
ing bristles, dorsum slightly convex, with dense and rather fine granulate
punctation with a feeble transversa fovea posteriorly before scutellum
and slightly grooved at middle-lint:; elytra '/'3 longer than pronotum, very- •

-237-

(Page 141)
densely and rather finely scnbrously punctated; abdomen more or lees strong-
ly tapering, its fjrst three free dorsal Joints with very fine and isolated,
the fourth with scattered, the fifth simple and indistinct punctatlon, the
sides with robust bristles. Middle tibiae with a robust bristle at middle
and a shorter and finer one between this and the knee; hind tibiae like-
wise with tuo bristles, a feebler one a little beneath the knee and a more
robust one beneath the middle. L. 2.5-3.5 mm.

In the 5^the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen at tip traneversally
truncated, posterior margin at middle incur'/ed slightly, its corners rect-
an^-^ular.

At manure, fungi and rotting plants; distributed in Middle and North

Europe, in Denmark heretofore only found in North Zealand (Hiller^d, Frede-

riksvaerk, Tisvilde), cut probably more widely distributed.

34. H. cinnamoptera Thorns.

(Thorns. 6'fv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1356, 105; Skand. Col. Ill, 93; Sharp. Fev.
Brit. Horn. 247; Janglb. Kaf. K. II, 166).

Black, finely haired; forebody dully glistening, head and pronotum
with feeble metallic reflection; elytra brownish-red; abdomen glistening;
antennae brov.n or pitcny brov-.nish, their first Joint brownish-red; the legs
redd 1 sh-yellow.

Head, pronotum and elytra very finely shagreened at surface and there-
fore of dull shine; the head broad, narrower than pronotum. w) i^i vt>ry rir.j,
scattered granulate punctation; antennae slender, bristle-haired, finer
than in picipennjg, scarcely thickened distally, their first joint thick-
ened claviforn, the second and third of same length, the fourth like the

'-238-

(P8se 141)
middls ones a little longer than broad, the next-last ones scarcely trans-
verse, distal Joint about as 1 on^ as the two preceding joints together,
tapering. Pronotum nearly as broad as elytra, li times as broad as long,
the sides slightly and rather smoothly rounded and with a few outstanding
bristles ; dorsum rather convex, with fine and dense granulose punctation
and with a feeble transverse fovea posteriorly before scntellura, some-
times slightly grooved at middle-line; elytra 1 ■^./j' times as long as prono-

(Page 142)
turn, with fine and dense, feebly scabrous punctation; abdomen rather strong-
ly tapering, punctation same as in plcipennis. Middle and hind tibiae each
with two outstanding bristles, of which the nethermost is longest. I. 2.5
-3 ram.

In the 5^ the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen is about of same form
as in the preceding species. (Thorns., Sharp.).

It is found in Skaane and England at outflowing tree-sap, manure, car-
rion and fungi, and could possibly also be found in this country.

35. H. intermedia Thorns.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, 145; Skand. Col. Ill, 95; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 301; Sharp Rev. Erit. Hom. 242; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 416;
Sanglb. Kaf. M. II, 167).

Identifiable especially by the color of elytra and fine punctation of
the body.

Black, finely haired; forebody feebly glistening or dull, abdomen
glistening; pronotum sometimes brov-nish; elytra yellow, often darkly shaded
around scut-dllum and on the sides; antennae pitch-black, at base brownish-

■239-

(Page 142)
red, or reddish-brown with lighter base; legs reddish yellov..

The body fusiform; head, pronotum and elytra finely shagreened in tur-
f£Ct and therefore with dull shine.; the head rather broad, however narrov.-
er than pronotum, very finely or indistinctly punctated; antennae rather
long and robust, but scarcely thickened distally, their third joint longer
than toe second, the fourth longer than broad, the middle and next-last
ones about as broad as long, aistil joint as long as the two preceding joints
together, longish tapering. Pronotum somewhat narrower than elytra, l^/S
times as broad as long, its sides feebly rounded or posteriorly almost
straight, with a few outstanding bristle-hairs, dorsum slightly convex,
densely and very finely granulose punctation, most often with a feeble,
narrow longitudinal impression in middle-line posteriorly; elytra j long-
er than pronotum, very finely and densely punctated; abdomen distinctly
tapering, its first three dorsal joints very finely and rather densely punc-
tated, the fourth less densely, the fifth with scattered punctation, the
sides anteriorly sparsely and finely, toward abdominal tip more robustly
bristle-haired. The middle-tibiae at middle with a short, but distinct
outstanding bristle, the hind tibiae with none. L. 3-4 mm.

In the "^Tthe sixth ventral joint of abdomen somewhat longer and nar-
rower than in the O .

At manure, rotten fungi and under moist leaves; distibuted in Europe,

but very rare in this country. (Aalborg, Hiller/d, Frederiksvaerk et al.).

36. n. marcida grichs.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 328; .Jen. Spec. Staph. ICC; Kraatz Ins. t. II,
298; Sharp Rev. Brit. Hom. 24C ; l.'.uls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 404; Jan;lb. Kaf.
M. II, 165).

-240-

(Page 143)

A characteristic and easily identified species, especially remarkable
by long, slender strongly bristle-haired antennae, long elytra and much
narrower pronotum.

Black, glistening, finely haired; forebody sometimes with feeble bronze
reflection; elytra yellowish-brown or cloudy brownish-yellow; pronotum
and abdominal tip often brovknish; antennae pitch-brown, their base and ths
legs reddish yellow.

The head a little narrower than pronotum, finely and sparsely punc-
tated, with rather protruding eyes; antennae long, slender, with long brist-
les, their first joint somewhat thickened, the third longer than the second,
the fourth distinctly longer than broad and longer than the fiftij, the mid-
dle and next-last (e-lC) scarcely transverse and about of equal length,
distal joint hardly as long as the two next-last joints together. Prono-
tum is much narrower than elytra, anteriorly about li times as broad as
lonj, feebly narrowing posteriorly, its sides with several long, outstand-
ing bristles, dorsum slightly convex, rather finely and densely granulose-
punctated, the surface shagreened, with a more or less distinct trans-
verse fovea posteriorly before the scutellum. The elytra are peculiarly
long and broad in proportion to pronotum, 1^ times as long as this, with
dense and rather fine, granulose punctation; abdomen not strongly taper-
ing, its first three free dorsal joints with scattered and fine punctation,
the following almost smooth, the sides toward tip with long bristles.
Middle and hind tibiae each with two outstanding bristles, of which the
nethermost is longest. L. 3.5-4 ram.

-241-

(Page 143)

In the o' the antennae are longer than in the Q , their first joint
more strongly thickened, the third thickened claviform, and on inner side
more densely haired; abdomen is narrov.er and its sixth free dorsal joint
at tip more rounded than in the q .

In the automn in fungi; distributed in woodland regions, somewhat
local, but in this country as a whole not rare. Its habitat is Middle
Europe and England, but is not found in Sweden.

In North Germany a very rare species is found, procera Kr. , with pro-
portionaiely long, light brownish-yellow elytra and rather robust anten-
nae, of which the next-last joints are distinctly transverse. In the ^
the posterior margin of the next-last dorsal joint of abdomen is finely
notched. L. 2.5-3 mm. - It might possibly also be found in Denmark.

Second Series.

In the species of this series the temples and genae are in most cases
entirely marginated. rarely incompletely, and only in subgenus Dinaraea
entirely immarginate. Eyes normally large; antennae as a whole robust and
as a rult! thickened distally, their middle and next-last joints more or

(Page 144)
less transverse, only in few species ( incognita, ravilla) about as long
as broad. Pronotum most often 1^ times as broad as long or broader, rarely
somewhat narrower, and only in a few species as long as broad; its sides
only in exceptional cases adorned v.ith as long and robust bristles as in
many of the species of first series, tlytra are longer than pronotum, rare-
ly only as long as this, their posterior margin inside the outer corners

■242-

(Page 144)
sometimes (subg. Mycota et al.) distinctly incurved (or emarginate, trsl.)
Abdomen of uniform breadth or in several species feebly fusiform and slight-
ly narrowing posteriorly, but never so decidedly tapering as in the spe-
cies of first series; its first three free dorsal joints are depressed
at base and the fifth sometimes longer than the fourth. iJ^iddle -coxae in
most of the subgenera are somewhat separated, but almost contiguous in
Hy.<roecia, which thereby comes closer to I/.e taxya in fifth series; in
Hy,Toecia the tip of mesosternum is unusual short and almost rectangular
and reaches only //3 in between the coxae; in all the other subgenera it is
more tapering ana longer. In subg. Halobreotha the mesosternum is an-
teriorly finely carinated in middle-line.

11. Subgenus Homalota s. str. WIuls. et Rey.
37. r. incognita Sharp.

(Sharp r.ev. Brit. Horn, ISl; Thoms. upusc. Ent. II, 1870, 13C; Janglb.
Kaf. M. II, 177).

Closely allied to H. castanoptera Wannh. but as a rule somewhat lar-
ger, broader and more robust than this species; the antennae are longer
and less thickened distally, head and pronotum with less gloss and elytra
more distinctly punctated, and in the o^ the posterior margin of the next-
last dorsal joint of abdomen smooth, without spines.

Elack, finely haired; head, pronotum and elytra with moderated shine,
and sometimes with feeble, murky bronze reflection; elytra brownish-yel-
low, darkly shaded around scutellum and on hind corners; abdomen black
glistening; antennae reddish- or pitch-brown, their base and the legs
reddish yellow.

-243-

(Pa^e 144)

Body rather broad, feebly fusiform; head, pronotum and elytra finely
shagreened in surface; the head broad, narrower than pronotum, very fine-
ly or indistinctly punctated; the antennae long, feebly thickened distal-
ly, their second and third joints about of same lengthy elongate, the mid-
dle ones (7-10) as long as broad or feebly transverse, distal joint, espe-
cially in the 8^, oblong, as long as the two next-last joints together.
Pronotum is broader than in castanoptera, a little narrower than elytra,
Ij times as broad as long with anteriorly feebly rounded , posteriorly al-
most even sides, very finely and not densely punctated, with a slight trans-

(Page 145)
versal impression posteriorly before the scutellum and often a feeble groove
in middle line. Elytra 1^ times as long as pronotum, with rather robust
and dense granulate punctation; the first three free dorsal joints of ab-
domen with scattered and fine punctation, the tvi/o following almost smooth.
L. 3.5-4.5 mm.

In the Cy the antennal distal joint fully as long as in the Q ; poster-
ior margin of sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen evenly truncated or slight-
ly incurved, but not notched, neither are the corners dentiform as in the
following species of the subgenus; the next-last ventral joint is a little
elongate and more tapering than in the Q , where it is roundly curtailed
or feebly emarginate at middle.

Of this species which is distributed in Middle and North liurrfpe also
in Scotland, but rare everywhere, a few specimens are found in the vicini-
ty of Aalborg (Festrup forest) and at Ilillerpd under leaves and fa-jot (Au*
thor 5/1890, 6/1904-05, 5/1909).

-244-

(Page 145)

38. H, ajuatllls Thorns.

(Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 264; (Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 176. - sericans Muls.
et Rey Br^vip. 1873, 578).

Closely allied to the preceding species, and identified by; robust,
proportionately broad form, rather short elytra, dark bronze reflection
of the forebody and the sex-characters of the & ,

Black, finely haired; the .head, pronotum and elytra *ith moderated
gloss with ore- or bronze-like reflection; elytra brown; abdomen glisten-
ing black, its tip often brownish; antennae pitch-brov.n, their base, the
mouth-parts and legs reddisfe yellow.

The body rather broad, scarcely narrowing before and behind; head,
pronotum and elytra finely shagreened in surface; the head broad, a little
narrower than pronotum, indistinctly punctated; antennae robust, slightly
thickened distally, their third joint as long as or a little longer than
the second, the fourth longer than broad and narrower than the fifth, the
middle ones (5-7) fully as long as broad, the next-last (8-10) feebly trans-
verse, distal joint tapering, hardly as long as the preceding two joints
together. Pronotum broad, anteriorly about as broad as elytra, 1^ times
as broad as long, posteriorly a little narrower, with anteriorly rounded,
posteriorly almost straight sides, with fine and rather dense, granulate
punctation and with a slight transverse fovea and most often a distinct
longitudinal impression posteriorly before the scutellum; elytra compara-
tively short, scarcely longer than pronotum, with denser, but not more
robust granulate punctation than this; the first three free dorsal joints
of abdomen with fine and scattered, the two following with simple punc-
ation. L. 3.5-4.5 mm.

•245-

(Page 145)
In the o^ the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint* almost
evenly truncated or slightly roundly incurved, and the edge more or less

(Page 146)
distinctly obtusely serrated; in the Q the same joint is feebly incurved.
The next-last ventral joint in the ^roundly tapering.

On damp ground under leaves and moss, at running springs, in wet al-
luvium at lake shores and like places, but in this country rare and local
(Meadovfc in Vendsyssel, Pavn-Spring at CJravlev Enge south of Aalborg, in
the moss at the spring, SvejLaek at Jul lake). It is furthermore knovvo
from Sweden, Silesia and France.

39. H. castanoptera I^annh.

(Uannerh. Drach. 77; ;.:uls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 56C; Sanglb. K'a'f. M.
II, 176. - zanthoptera Steph. , Sharp. lev. Brit. Horn. 189. - merdaria Thorns.
Skand. 3ol. Ill, 81; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 269).

•Vithin the subgenus Homalota Muls. distinguished by the proportionate-
ly long distal joint of the antennae and inter alia recognized thereby.

Black or pitch-black, finely haired, rather glistening; elytra brown-
ish-yellow with blackish-brown reflection around scutellum and acoss the
hind corners; the antennae pitch-brown, often with lighter distal joint,
their first three joints, and the legs pure reddish-yellow; maxillary pal-
pi brownish-yellow.

The body feebly fusiform, narrowing especially from the middle forward-
ly (Fig. 47); the head, pronotum and elytra Indistinctly shugreened in sur-
face and more glistening than in the two preceding species. The head is rath-
er broad, yet narrower than pronotum, indistinctly punctated; antennae rath-
er slender and robust; slightly and smoothly thickened distally, their

-246-

(Page 146)
third Joint most often a little longer than the second, the fourth a little
longer than broad, the fifth as long as broad, the following five (e-lO)
about of equal length, increasingly slightly thickened, so that the next-
last ones become feebly transverse; the distal joint is oblong, in the o
as long as, in the ^ a little shorter than the preceding three joints to-
gether, long tapering. Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra, scarcely
Ik times as broad as long with anteriorly slightly rounded, posteriorly
more straight, scarcely contracted sides, with very fine, and rather dense
granulate punctation, with a feeble or indistinct impression before the
scutellum; elytra //j' longer than pronotum, rather densely and finely gran-
ulated-punctated; the first three free dorsal joints of abdomen sparsely
but distinctly punctated, the following two almost smooth. L. 3,5-4 mm.

(Page 147)

In the ^ the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdom-
en (Fig. 48) almost evenly truncated and distinctly serrated; the number
of teeth varies from eight to ten, the putermost on each side are larger
than the others and shaped like an obtuse tooth. The next-last ventral
joints in the c are somewhat elongate and the tip more rounded off than
in the n ,

Distributed everywhere in Middle and North Europe, and in the autumn

especially in woodland regions of this country very frequent in fungi and

under rotting plant-matter.

4C. H. ajuatica Thorns.

(Thorns. cJfv. Vet. Ac. Korh. IBSr', 1.3; Skand Col. Ill, 65; ianglb. Kaf.
M. II, 177.- subaenea Sharp Fev. Brit. Horn. 167. -f oliorum Muls. et Rey Bre-
vip. 1373, 556).

-247-

(Pase 147)

This species is very closely allied to castanoptera, but also bears
some likeness with aguatilis. From castanoptera it is especially sepa-
rated by the bronze reflection of head and pronotum, the shorter distal
joint of the antennae, and the more robust punctation of elytra; from
aquatilis namely by longer elytra, narrower pronotum, and the less broad,
anteriorly more narrowinj form of the body.

Black, finely haired; forebody with modified gloss, head and prono-
tum with ore- or bronze shine; elytra darkly yellowish-brown, most often
with feeble bronze-like reflection; abdomen glistening black; antennae
black or pitch-black, their first joint reddish-yellow, the following two
orownish; legs reddish yellow.

Head, pronotum and elytra more distinctly shagrened in surface than
in castanoptera , and less glistening; the head narrower . than pronotum,
very finely and indistinctly punctated; the antennae rather slender, feeb-
ly thickened distally, their third joint most often a little longer than
the second, the fourth narrower and shorter than the fifth, both longer
than broad, the following outer joints (6-10) as long as broad or the next-
last ones feebly transverse, the distal joint not longer than the two pre-
ceding joints together. Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra, hardly
li times as broad as long, slightly narrowing posteriorly with nnterlorly
rounded, posteriorly more straight sides, very finely, tut not very dense-
ly granulate-punctated, with a transverse fovea and a most often distinct
impression posteriorly before scutv^llum; elytra \f/^ times as long as pro-
notum, with rather robust ana dense, scabrous or granulate punctation, dis-

(Page 147)
-tinctly haired; the first three free dorsal joints of abdomen with rath-
er fine, scattered punctation, the two following almost smooth. L. 3.5-
4 mm.

In the o the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint evenly
truncated and distinctly serrated. The number of teeth are 7-8 and the
outermost at each side largest.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe on damp or semi-damp ground
under leaves, fagot and rotting plant-matter; very rare in this country
(at Lyngby Lake and f rederiksborg Castle-lake; in a garden at Ililler0d.
(Author 4/1905, 11/ 1907, 3/1909)).

(Page 148)
41. H. euryptera Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V. 135; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 178. - succicola Thorns.
Skand. Col. Ill, 73; Sharp Rev. Brit. Hom. , 193. - valldicornls t/ark. ierm.
Zeitschr. V, 212; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 271; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1873, 539).

From castanoptera, to which it in form and size etc. is closely allied,
it is especially separated oy the as a rule entirely black, shorter and
more robust antennae, of which the fourth joint in proportion to the fifth
is peculiarly small.

ilistenin^ black, finely haired; elytra yellowish-brown, darkly shaded
around scutellum and on the outer hind corners; antennae entirely black
or pitch-black; legs Drov.nish yellow.

The head is rather short and broad, narrower than pronotum, indistinct-
ly punctated; antennae bristle-haired, rather robust, tiieir second and
third joints of same length, the fourth small, as long as broud or feebly

-249-

(Pa^e 148)
transverse and much smaller than the fifth, the middle and next-last (5-10)
about of same length and breadth, distinctly transverse, distal joint ob-
long, fully as long as the two next-last Joints together. Pronotum is
narrower than elytra, ik times as broad as long, fore and hind about of
same breadth with slightly rounded sides, finely, but not densely punc-
tated, with a transverse fovea and sometimes also a feeble longitudinal
impression posteriorly before the scutellum; elytra //^ longer than pro-
notum, punctated like same; abdomen strongly glistening, its first three
free dorsal joints with fine and scattered, the tv.o following simple punc-
tation. L. 3.5-4 mm.

In the <y the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of ab-
domen evenly iruncated and finely notched or serrulate, corners feebly
protruding; the next-last ventral joint a little elongate and rounded at
tip.

Distributed in Middle and North Europe, and not rare in Denmark espe-
cially in woodland regions at outflowing tree-sap, and there sometimes
very numerous.

42. H. ebenina !.^ul6. et Pey.

(Muls. et Pey Ere'vip. 1373, ^'66; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 17B).

Closely allied to euryptera, but smaller and of more even breadth than
this; especially identified by the sex-characters of O .

Black, glisteninj, finely haired; elytra pitch-black or pitch-brown;
antennal base brownish; legs reddish yellow.

The body of rather even ureadth; the head but little narrower than pro-
notum, finely and indistinctly punctated; antennae less robust than in

-250-

(Page 143)
euryptera, only feebly thickened distally, their third Joint a little
longer than the second, the fourth as long as broad, the fifth feebly,
the following middle and next-last joints more distinctly transverse, the
distal joint hardly as long as the preceding two joints together. Pro-
notum nearly as broad as elytra, fore- and hindward of same breadth with
feebly rounded sides, slightly convex, finely and not densely punctated,
with a feeble transverse fovea or an impression posteriorly before scu-
tellum, and a fine groove in middle-line posteriorly; elytra'/^ longer

(Page 14S)
than pronotum, with parallel sides, with rather fine and dense, somewhat
scabrous punctation; abdomen evenly broad, its first three free dorsal
joints with fine and scattered punctation, the following almost smooth.
L . 3.5 mm .

In the d^ the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of ab-
domen broadly incurved and in middle of curve with 4-E small teeth (Fig. 49)

This species, only known from fev.' places in France and Jermany, is

found singly in Fruens B/Dge at Odense (6. 187£, N.P. Jfj'rgensen) and in

Praestevangen at Hillerpd under fagot (4. 1906, author).

43. K. trian:ulum Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II. ^73; Sharp Rev. Brit. Hom. 198; Muls. et Pey Bre'-
vip. 1673, 547; ianglb. ?Caf. M. II, 179).

Larger ana broader than H. zanthopus, out of airallar evenly broad form,
especially identifiable by the sherply bounded colors of elytra and enti-
rely black or brownish-black antennae.

-251-

(Page 149)

Black, rather glistening, finely haired; elytra brownish-yellow with
a large, black, triangular , sharply bounded spot around scutellum and
along the suture, also with black sides and hind corners, whereby the
yellow color at middle becomes more sharply defined; antennae entirely
black or brownish-black; legs brov.nish yellow with darker femora.

Rather slender and evenly broad, head indistinctly punctated; anten-
nae rather slender, feebly thickened toward tip, their second and third
joints of same length, the fourth as long as broad, narrower than the fifth,
the middle and next-last jOints about of same length, feebly transverse,
distal Joint about as long as the two next-last joints together, tapering.
Pronotum a little narrower than elytri, hardly It times as broad as long,
with anteriorly slightly rounded, posteriorly more straight sides, finely
and rather densely punctated, ana most often v,ith ^ feeble transverse fo-
vea posteriorly before scutellum; elytra amply //:5 longer than pronotum,
rather finely and densely punctated; abdomen evenly broad, its first three
free dorsal .joints with fine and scattered punctation, the two following
almost smooth. L. 3.5 mm.

In the o the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of ab-
domen finely serrated the outer tooth at each side somewhat larger than
the others; the next-last ventral joint a little elongate and rounded off
at tip. In the O the same joints are at middle feebly incurved. (Kraatz
and Sharp).

This speciet is heretofore not found in Denmark; but as it is mainly
a coastal form and occurs at the Jerman coast of the Baltic, under sea-

-252-

(Page 149)

weeds, and also at the 3nglish coasts, it is not unlikely that it may be

encountered here. In England it is also found inland at tree-sap.

(Pajje 150)

12. Subgenus Atheta Muls. et Rey.

44. H. xanthopus Thorns.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, 96; Skand. 3ol. Ill, 77; Sharp Fev.
Erit. Horn. 196; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 180. - sublinearis Kraatz Ins. D. II,
257. - subrecta Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1873, 526).

A rather narrow, evenly broad species, which in combination with form
of body is especially identifiable by the rather sharply defined colors
of elytra. In latter instance it is somewhat similar to the following H.
trlnltata Kr. , but this is broader and more fusiform.

Black, glistening, finely jjaired; elytra light brownish yellow; a reth-
er sharply defined, triangular spot around scutellum, also the sides near-
est hind corners brownish-black; antennae pitch-black or pitch-brownish,
their base, and the legs reddish yellovii.

The head a little narrower than pronotum, indistinctly punctated; an-
tennae fully as long as head and pronotum together, feebly thickened dis-
mally, their second and third joints of same length or the third occasion-
ally a little shorter than the second, the fourth Joint small, scarcely
transverse, the middle and next-last Joints about of same length and same
breadth, only feebly transverse, distal Joint about as long as the two
preceding joints together. Pronotum only a little narrower than elytra,
hardly li times as oroad as long, with feebly rounded pldes, finely and
rather densely punctated, sometimes, especially in the O , with a feeble

■253-

(Page 150)
impression before scutellum, and a fine longitudinal groove in middle-
line posteriorly; elytra '/j longer than pronotum, denser and a little more
distinctly punctated than this; abdomen evenly broad, its first three free
dorsal joints rather finely and rather densely, the two following sparsely
punctated. L. 3-3.5 mm.

In the 5^ the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal Joint of abdom-
en evenly truncated and finely serrated with a somewhat larger tooth in
each corner; the next-last ventral joint in the O is somewhat mora round-
ed off than in the 0 (Fig. 50).

In fungi and at rotting plant-matter; distributed in all parts of our

country, but everywhere rare and singly. North and Middle Europe.

45. H« trinotata Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 272; Sharp Fev. Brit. Horn. 194; (Janglb, Kaf. M.
II, 179.- socialis Ihoms. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, 140; Skand. Col. Ill,
76; liuls et Hey Br-^vip. 1873, £29).

A somewhat fusiform species especially narrowing anteriorly, of which
the further, most distinct diagnostic character *ithin the subgenus lies in
the elytral colorinj. It is easily separated from the preceding species,
both by the form of body and the robust antennae, of which the third joint
always is distinctly longer than the second.

(Page 151)

Black, rather glistening, finely haired; elytra brownish yellow, around
scutellum and at tne outer hind corners brownish-black; antennae pitch-
black with brownish base; legs yellow.

The head is very finely or indistinctly punctated; antennae rather ro-

-254-

(Pa^'e 151)

bust, slightly thickened distally, their third joint somewhat longer than

--A
the second, and at tip, especially in thi O , as thich as the fourth;

which is small, about as long as broad or feebly transverse, the middle
and next-last joints (5-10) distinctly transverse, at least \i times as
broad as long, the distal. joint rather robust, ovally tapering, as long
as the two 6ext-last joints together. Pronotum considerably narrower than
elytra, fully Ij times as broad as long, with posteriorly almost straight,
anteriorly slightly rounded sides, slightly convex, or, in the o . some-
what flatly depressed at middle posteriorly, very finely and not densely
punctated, suface very finely shagreened; elytra l''/j' times as long as pro-
notum, finely and rather densely punctated; abdomen glistening, its first
three free dorsal joints finely and rather densely, the following two joints
more isolated punctated. L. 3 mm.

In the O the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen
sharply serrulate with a more pronounced acute tooth in each corner.

Distributed all over and common; especially frequent in mouldy straw
and hay, also in other mouldy or rotting plant-matter; more rarely at out-
flowing tree-sap.

46. H. hybrida Sharp.

(Sharp Pev. Lrit. Hom. 196; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 179.).

ihis species resembles trinotata so much in form, color and size, that
it is very easily confused with same.

In fully mature animals the elytra are most often darker than in the
preceding species, and tiieir yellow coloring more reddish, but the diag-

■255-

(Page 151)

nostic characters are however found especially in the structure of the

■A

antennae and sex-characters of the O .

The antennae are more slender and distally less robust than in trinotata.
their distal joint longer and more tapering. In the o the next-last (tenth)
joint is distinctly longer than the ninth and scarcely transverse; the
distal joint is more robust than in the Q .

Ihe posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen in the O
is not serrulate as in the preceding species, but is smooth with round-
ded corners; its fifth free dorsal joint anteriorly at middle with a short
feeble longitudinal fold and back of this with a slight transverse depres-
sion.

It is known from Scotland, Germany and Finland; in this country it is

found at Korsens, Vejle and Dyrborg at Faaborg In sawdust •) j'^, and at

outflowing tree-sap of oak and poplar, which were attacked by the Cossus

larvae (7. 1903 and 7. 1905. J. Andersen, L. Andersen and the author),

singly at HllleriSd under fagot (6. 05. author).

(Page 152)

47. H. pilicornis Thorns.

(Ihoms. 6'fv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, 142; Skand. Col. Ill, 82; Sharp
Pev. Brit. Horn. 155; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 180.- pilosa Kraatz Ins. E. II,
241. - zanthopus f.luls. et Fey Brevip. 1873, 512).

A quite unique, almost uniformly broad species of rather robust struc-
ture, of which the most important diagnostic characters, in connection
with the form of body, are; the color of the abdominal tip, proportiona-
ly strongly bristle-haired antennae, and also the sex-characters of the

d^and Q .

-256-
♦)literally - gnawing s, transl.

(Page 152)

Black or pitch-black, jlisteninj, rather finely haired; elytra brown,
darkly shaded around scutellum; abdominal tip, also posterior margin or
the hindmost half of the fifth free dorsal Joint yellowish-red or brown-
ish-red; antennae pitch colored, their base, especially the first joint,
and the legs reddish-yellow

The body is slightly depressed; head broad and short, yet a little
narrower than pronotum, finely and sparsely punctated, in the <^ slightly
depressed and often with a short, fine groove at middle; antennae rather
long and robust, feebly thickened distally, all their joints strongly brist-
le-haired, more strongly than in the other species of the subgenus; the
first Joint robust, especially in the O^ , the third longer than the sec-
ond; Oi the midule and next-last (4-10) each following is a little short-
er and broader than the preceding, thus the next-last are more distinctly
transverse than tne middle ones; distal Joint short, tapering. Pronotum
a little narrower than elytra, approximately Ij times as broad as long,
posteriorly only feebly narrowing, with slightly rounded sides and a few
long, outstanding side-bristles, its dorsum finely and not densely punc-
tated, at middle posteriorly most often slightly depressed with a feeble
transverse fovea before scutellum, and often finely grooved at middld-line.
iSlytra a little longer than pronotum, somewhat more robustly and more aenee-
ly punctated than same; abdomen evenly broad, its first three free dorsal
Joints finely and not densely punctated, the fourth with isolated, the fifth
very simple and fine punctation; the sides robustly bristle-haired. L. 3.E
-4 mm.

-257-

(Paje 152)
In the O the second, third, and fourth joint densely haired on inner
side; posterior margin of sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen (Fig. 51)
almost evenly truncated or slightly rounded and feebly notched with al-
most rectangular, feebly thickened corners; in the C (Fig. 51a) contrari-
wise broadly incurved with acut^ dentiform corners. The nixt-last ven-
tral joint in the <j rounded off, in the Q feebly incurved and the margin
with short bristles.

Distributed in woodland regions in North and Middle Europe; in the
autumn especially in fungi and under bark of old, tindery tree-stubs;
in this country rare and local (Lundbykrat at Aalborg, Hillerpd, Dyre-
haven at Copenhagen et al. in North Zealand), sometimes numerously.

(Page 153)
48. H. crassicornis Fabr.

(Fabr. Snt. Syst. I, 2, 52S; ianglb. Kaf. V.. II, 180.- sericans Jravh.
Mon. 159; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 77. - funi^icola Kraatz Ins. D. II, 274;
Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 19S; Muls. et Pey Bre'vlp. 1873, 52C).

A rather variable species, of v\hich the best diagnostic characters
within the subgenus are: proportionately robust antennae, colorinj of el-
ytra and the sex-characters of the O^ .

Black, finely haired; forebody most often with moderated shine; elytra
brown, as a rule with feeble dark, shading around scutellum and at hind
corners; abdominal tip sometimes brownish; untennal base reddish-yellow
or orownish-red; legs pure reddish-yellow.

The head broad and short, narrower than pronotum, punctulion fine and
scattered; antennae rather robust, their first joint in the O distinctly

-258-

(Page 153)
thickened; the third joint longer than the second, in the o thicker at
tip than in the Q , and as well as the second and fourth more strongly
haired; the fourth joint as long as broad, occasionally feebly transverse,
the fifth and sixth a little broader than long, the following (7-10) of
equal length and almost of ejual breadth or the middle ones a little broad-
er than the next-last, all distinctly , but not strongly transverse; distal
joint as long as the tv.o preceding joints together, not thicker than these
and smoothly tapering. Pronotum somewhat narrower than elytra, amply 1^
times as broad as long with smoothly rounded sides, flatly convex, some-
times slightly depressed at middle, finely, rather densely and sharply
punctated and together with the head very finely shagreened in surface,
sometimes with a merely suggested transverse fovea before scutellum or
a fine longitudinal groove in middle-line. Elytra '/^ longer than prono-
tum, more robustly and densely punctated than this, densely and finely
haired, and therefore with somewhat modified gloss; abdomen glistening,
its first three dorsal joints finely and not densely punctated, the fSUtth
sparsely, the fifth almost not punctated. L. 3-4 mm.

In the o^ the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of ab-
domen (t^ig. 52) evenly truncated and finely notched or serrate, the actu-
al corners rather feebly thickened dentiform; its next-last ventral joint
is elongate and roundly tapering. In the p the same ventral joini is as a
rule broadly rounded off, but a form occurs of this species, fulvipennis .
Muls. et Roy (Drevip. 525, cf..Fort..o. v. Aleochayiner in Ent. Medd. 5.
B. 1895 N. 483), in which this joint of^ is broadly incurved; in both cases
the margin is provided with fine, short, light bristles.

-259-

(Page 153)

In the autumn numerous everywhere in fungi; v. f ul vlpennis rarer than

th« .typiical Toriur . mingled with this or separate.

(Page 154)

49. H. nitidicollis Fairm.

(Fairm. Faun. Fr. I, 417; lianglb. Kaf. M. II, 181. - fun^icola Thorns.
Skand. Zol. Ill, 76. - i^nobilis Sharp Pev. Brit. Horn. 2C0).

Very closely allied to the preceding species, deviating from the type
form of same by the following:

Forebody a little more convex, and pronotum hardly as flat at middle.
The color is darker, elytra as a rule darkly brown, sometimes black; anten-
nae entirely black or pitch-brownish at base; legs brownish yellow with
darker posterior femora, sometimes only the upper margin of the femora
dark.

Fourth joint of the antennae very small, broader than long and decided-
ly narrower than the fifth.

In the O the first joint of the antennae not thickened, but together
with the third formed as in^ . Posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal
joint of abdomen in the O (Fig. 53) is very feebly serrate or notched and
the corners slightly prominent. In the p (Fig. 53a) the next-last ventral
joint at middle distinctly incurved*) and the margin fimbriate with rather
long, black bristle-hairs.

Distributed in woodland regions, and in this country not rare in the
autumn, in fungi, often togeth^^i with crassicornls and other fungus-seek-
ing species, also in compost.

-260-
■»)literally undate. translator.

(Page 154)

13. Subgenus L'ycota Muls. et Fey.

50. II. sodalis 2r.

(Erichs. Kaf. M. Br. I, 328; Jen. Spec. Staph. 104; Kraatz Ins. E. II,
279; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 84; Sharp "ev. Brit. Horn. 205; Muls. et Rey
Erevip. 1873, 507; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 184).

A glistening, somewhat fusiform species, which, together with the fol-
lowing species, is separated from tha closest allied species by: ^^^ the
posterior margin inside the outer corners is distinctly incurved; it is
further identified by the coloring of the antennae and by the sex-charac-
ters of the 3^ .

Black, rather strongly glistening, finely haired; elytra unicolorous
darkly chestnut-brown or yellowish-brown, sometimes blackish-brown; anten-
nae pitch-black, their first tv.o-three Joints, mouth-parts and legs reddish
yellow.

The head rather small, narrovier than pronotum, with very fine and scat-
tered punctation, polished; antennae distinctly thickened distally, their
second and third joints about of same length, the fourth hardly, the fifth
feebly transverse, the following (6-10) increasingly broadened, so that
the next-last become almost twice as broad as long, distal joint tapering,
as long as the two next-last joints together. Fronotum narrower than el-
ytra, approximately ik times as broad as lonj, with anteriorly more strong-
ly rounded sides than posteriorly, convex, rather finely and not densely

(Pa^e 155)
punctated, in the ^ with a feeble, often indistinct impression posteriorly,
in the O with a more distinct and sometimes double, flat longitudinal Im-

-261-

(Pa-e 155)
pression before the scutellum. ilytra^/jf longer than pronotum, sli^^htly
convex, with dense and distinctly scabrous punctation, inside the outer
hind corners flatly, yet distinctly incurved; abdomen slightly narrowing
posteriorly, its first three, free dorsal joints finely but not densely,
the followin^i two very simply punctated or almost smooth. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the o the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of ab-
domen at middle v.ith a rather deep obtuse angular incision; the next-last
ventral joint is tapering and rounded off at tip (Fig. 54).

Distributed but not frequent. It is found at fungi, under leaves and

fagot and in hollow trees; a few times I have encountered it by or in ant

hills (Formica rufa. Lasius f ullginosus) .

51. H. pallidicornis Thorns.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, 58; Skand Col. Ill, 85; Janglb. Kaf.
M. II, 183.- humeral is Kraatz Ins. D. II, 278; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873,
503).

Closely allied to sodalis. from which It easily is separated oy the
color and by a little less robust antennae, broader, and more densely punc-
tated pronotum, also by the difference in the sex-characters of the O .

Black, glistening, very fine grayish-yellow hair vestiture; elytra
chestnut brown with brov^nish-yellow humeri, or trov.nish-yellow with dark-
er shading around scutollum and at the outer hind corners; abdominal tip
urownish-yellow ; antennae yellawish-brown with yellow base; mouth-parts
ana legs brownish.

The heai is narrower than pronotum, rather strongly glistening and
with very fine, scattered punctotion; the antennae slightly thickened dis-

-262-

(Page 155)
-tally, their second and third joints about of same lenj^th, the fourth
as lonrj as broad, the following (5-10) transverse, so that the next-last
become about 1^ times as broad as long; distal joint as long as the pire-
eeding two joints together. Pronotum fully 1^ times as broad as long, some-
what narrower than elytra with posteriorly feebly, anteriorly more round-
ed sides, slightly convex, finely and rather densely punctated, the sur-
face very finely shagreened and less glistening than the head; elytra <,.?
longer than pronotum, with denser and more distinct punctation than this,
their posterior margin inside the outer corners slightly, yet distinctly
incurved; the first three free dorsal joints of abdomen rather finely and
not densely punctated, the two following almost smooth. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the O the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdom-
en feebly rounded and finely serrate, the corners most often scarcely prom-
inent; the next-last ventral joint posteriorly obtuse, at middle sometimes
slightly emarginate.

(Page 156)

Distributed, but rare and local; in fungi on stubs and trunks of trees

(Hals Njrfrreskov, 6. 1892. Trelde Forest at Fredericia 5. 1893; Bognaes 8.

1902. Bremersvold, 8. 1903 Author).

14. Subgenus Tetropla Muls et Rey.

52. H. litvirata Steph.

(Staph. 111. brit. V, 142; vJanglh. Kaf. M. II, 182. - nigritula iyll.
Ins. Suec. II. 40'3 (nee Jravh») ; Thorns. Sksnd. Col. Ill, 80; Sharp Fev. Eri t.
Horn. 203.- ery Ihrocera Keer. Wulb. et Ray Brevip. 1373, 493).

From pall id icornis. which li turata strongly resembles in color, it is

•263-

(Pa^'e 156)
separated especially by: that the posterior margin of elytra inside the
outer corners is not incurved, that the antennae are more robust and their
middle and next-last Joints are much more stron^jly transverse, that pro-
notum is much more densely punctated, and that the sex-characters of O^
are differently formed.

Black or pitch-black, somewhat modulated gloss, finely haired; pro-
notum most often pitch-brown or reddish-brown; elytra orov^nish yellow,
often darkly shaded around scutellum and at the outer hind corners; ab-
dominal tip and base most often pitch-brownish; antennae brownish yellow,
their base, mouth-parts and le-^s light yellow.

The head broad, narrower than pronotum, very finely or indistinctly
punctated and feebly glistening; antennae rather short and robust, their
second and third joints of same lenght, the fourth broader than long, the
fifth and the following untill the tenth very strongly transverse, so that
the next-last are about tnree times as broad as long, distal joint fully
as long as the two preceding joints together. Pronotum short, twice as
broad as long, however somewhat narrower than elytra, with rounded sides
and feebly convex dorsum, finely and very densely punctated, the surface
especially finely shagreened and due thereto like the head with feeble
gloss, at middle-line sometimes slightly grooved; elytra more flat than
in the preceding species, ''/^ longer than pronotum and somewhat more distinct-
ly punctated than this; th« first three free dorsal Joints of abdomen with
fine and not. dense, the following two with very simple punctution. L. 2-
2.5 mm.

-264-

(Pa^e 156)
In the o the sixth free dorsal joint is divided at middle, by a deep,
at bottom semi-circular incision into two broad lobes, each with a more
or less deep groove along the middle, v.hereby two spines or obtuse teeth
occur on each lobe (Fig. £5). In the o the same dorsal joint is at middle
slightly incurved. The sixth ventral joint of S is rounded at tip, in the
Q feebly emerginate.

It is distributed throughout North and Middle Europe, and occurs espe-
cially on tree fungi; in this country heretpfore found only in Bornholm
in "Polyporus fraxini" (Prof. Schii^dte).

(Page 157)
53. H. nigritula irach.

(Jravh. Micr. 35; Muls. et Key Dre'vip. 1873, 497; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
276; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 183. - boletobia Ihoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 78; Sharp
Fev. Brit. Horn., 202).

A rather broad and short species, most like crassicornis, from which
it however easily is separated by the form of the antennae and the sex-
characters of O , as a rule the color is also lighter.

The head is black; pronotum pitch-brown with lighter sides or entirely
reddish-brown; elytra brownish-yellow with a dark shadow around scutellum
and across the hind corners; abdomen glistening black or pitch-black, often
brownish at tip and base; antennae pitch colored, their first two or three
joints, and the legs reddish yellow.

Head short and broad, narrower than pronotum, indistinctly punctated
and glistening; antennae rather short, slightly thickened distally, their
third joint scarcely as long fs the second, the fourth small, transverse.

•265-

(Page 157)
the following until the tenth more than 1$ times as broad as long, dis-
tal joint hardly twice as long as the next-last one. Pronotum almost as
broad as elytra, about twice as broad as long with slightly rounded sidesi
flatly convex, rather finely and densely punctated, surface distinctly
shagreened , modulated shine, somewhat sub-erect hair vestiture and with
outstanding side bristles, before scutellum flatly depressed; elytra'/;?
longer than pronotum, rather densely and distinctly punctated. First three
free dorsal joints distinctly but not densely punctated, the two follow-
ing very sparsely punctated. L. .2.5-3 mm.

In the O posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal Joint of abdomen
with four obtuse teeth or spines, of which the two midale ones often are
feebler than the side teeth; in the p the same dorsal joint often slight-
ly emarginate at middle, (ace. to ianglb. and Sharp).

This species is distributed throughout the greater part of Europe,
but is seemingly more frequent toward south than northward, it occurs in
fungi , and is said to be encountered in company with crassicornis, found
in Skaane , but heretofore not denoted in Denmark,

54. H. boletophila Thoms.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Fo'rh. 1856, 97; Skand. Col. Ill, 75; Janglb. Kaf.
U. II, 182. - piscif ormis Kraatz Ins. D. II, 317).

Father flat and broad, black, finely haired, feeble shine; elytra

brov.nish yellow, most often darkly shaded around scutellum and at hind

corners; abdominal tip brov.nish; antennae brown with reddish-brown or red-

ish-yellow base; mouth-parts and legs yellow.

■266-

(Paje 157)

The head broad, rather finely and densely punctated; antennae short
and rather robust, their first joint somewhat thickened, the second and
third joints about of same length, the fourth transverse, narrower than
the fifth, fifth to tenth equally broad, strongly transverse, distal joint
robust. (Page 158)

Pronotum across the middle about ad broad as elytra, about twice as broad
as long, its sides slightly rounded and provided with singly outstanding
bristles, dorsum feebly convex, with very dense and rather fine ^-ranulate-
punctation, most often slightly grooved at middle-line. Elytra scarcely
',S longer than pronotum, with very dense, somewhat scabrous punctation;
tne first three free dorsal joints of abdomen with rather dense scabrous
punctation, dully glistening, the two following more strongly glistening,
with scattered or single punctation. L. 2.5 mm.

In the o the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint with
four obtuse teeth, (t. ^anglb. and Kraatz).

It i.° found in ikaane in rotting fungi (Thoms.), and as it also occur

in North Germany (Kraatz), it is not unlikely that it may be found in this

country.

55. H. gagatina Baudi.

(Baudi Stud. tint. 11&; Sharp. Rev. Brit. Horn. 2C6; Muls.et Rey Brivip.
1873, 47C (Alaobia) ; Cfanglb. Kaf. K. II, 185.- compre ssicolll s Thoms. Skand,
Col. Ill, 85. -variabilis Kraatz Ins. D. II, 284).

A somewhat fusiform species, which in form resembles II. fungi and its
closest related species, but otherwise identifiable by the color and sex-
characters of the O .

-267.

(Page 158)

Black, finely haired, dull or with dull jloss; elytra brownish; an-
tennal base, and the mouth-parts brownish-red, legs reddish-yellow.

Head rather small, distinctly narrower than pronotum, very finely or
indistinctly punctated; antennae smoothly and not strongly thickened dis-
tally, their third joint as long as, or a little shorter than the second
and thinner than this, the middle Joints (4-6) feebly, the next-last (7-lC)
a little more strongly transverse, distal joint as long as the two pre-
ceding joints together. Pronotum posteriorly about as broad as elytra,
amply 1^ times as broad as long, slightly narrowing anteriorly, with round-
ed sides and deflected fore-corners, slightly convex, rather finely and
densely punctated, in surface finely shagreened, sometimes with a feeble
longitudinal impression posteriorly before the scutellum; elytra /J? long-
er than pronotum, with dense and fine scabrous punctation, their poster-
ior margin inside the outer corners feebly incurved; abdomen more glisten-
ing than forebody, its first three free dorsal joints distinctly and rath-
er densely , punctated, the fourth with scattered punctation, the fifth al-
most smooth. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the o^the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen with four teeth, of
which the middle pair are obtuse and a little shorter than the corner
teeth (Fig. 56).

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, not rare in this country, but
somewhat local, in fungi; most frequent in the autumn and sometimes nu-
merously; more rarely at outflowinj tree-sap and carrion.

-268-

(Page 159)
55a. H. nidicola nov. spec.

A rather stout, feebly fusiform species, of the size of -;agatina,
cut of more robust structure and with ^-listenin^ head and pronotum, fur-
ther identifiable by robust antennae and sex-characters of the <3 .

Black, glistening, rather finely haired; elytra brovtn, antennal base,
and mouth-parts brownish; legs yellow or brownish yellow.

The head broad, a little narrower than pronotum, with very fine, iso-
lated punctation on sides, at middle not punctated, forehead in the 5^ slight-
ly depressed, eyes rather large, scarcely prominent, temples and genae
very feebly margined; antennae (Fig. 56a) short and robust, strongly but
smoothly thickened distally, their third joint as long as the second, the
fourth distinctly smaller than the fifth, transverse, the following (5-10)
increasingly thickened distally, almost twice as broad as long, distal joint
oviform, but tapering, more than twice a? long as the tenth. Pronotum a
little narrower than elytra, 1* times as broad as long, o£ equal breadth
anteriorly and posteriorly with slightly rounded sides ana rounded off
corners, feebly convex, punctation very fine and isolated, surface extrem-
ely finely shagreened, sometimes slightly, flatly grooved in middle-line
posteriorly (o ), the sides with fine outstanding bristle-hairs; elytra
^/'Jlonger than pronotum, densely and very finely punctated, their posteri-
or margin inside the outer corners not incurved; abdomen posteriorly slight-
ly tapering, its first three free dorsal Joints finely and not densely punc-
tated, the fourth with scattered punctation, the fifth almost smooth; sides
bristle-haired. L. 2.5 mm.

■269-

(Page 159)

In the o' (,Fig. 56b) the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen at tip
transversally truncated and its corners short dentiform, posterior margin
between tnese very finely angularly emarginate and on each side of the
emargination indistinctly notched.

In later years it has been found in several places in North Zealand
(Jentofte, Rudehegn, Folehave, Hiller>c<d) almost exclusively in larger bird's
nests in trees, from May to November (Suenson, Schaltz, author); a single
specimen in compost. (Author).

Specimens of these findings were sent to !:'. Bernhauer, Stockerau, and
also to Beitter, Paskau, and returned, determined as H. testaceipes "eer;
but as trie antennal structure as well as the sex-characters of the 3^ are
not agreeing with Ileer's description of this species (cf. Fig. 58) these
determinations must be incorrect. Contrariwise it seems to be more closely
allied to;

55b. H. coroaria Kr. (Nat. Ins. D. II, 262; Sharp P.ev. Er. Horn. 204;

Janglb. Kaf. V.. II, 186); but in this species the elytra are often yel-

(-Page 160)--

lov. ish-brown at base; pronotum narrovjing more anteriorly than posteriorly,

and in the ^ at middle broadly and deeply impressed; posterior .margin of

sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen in the a formed about as in the above

species, but hind corners (presumably) more thorn-shaped, and the incision

at middle sharper.

Distributed in Middle Europe, America and Australia, hut hereto-

fore not found in this country.

•270-

(Page 160)

56. H« bbsicornis r.'uls. et Rey.

(Wuls. et Rey Br^vip. 1873, 478 (Maobla) ; Janglb. Kaf. I.;. II, 187.
- autumnalls Shai'p (nee Erichs.) Fev. Brit. Horn. 224).

A small, rather compact species, especially identifiable by the spar-
se punctation and modulated ^lots of the body, color of antennae and sex-
characters of the o^ .

Black, very sparsely and finely haired; forebody with feeble somewhat
greasy gloss, abdomen more glistening; elytra pitch-black or pi tch-brovin;
antennae pitch-black, their base, the month-parts and legs yello\\.

The head a little narrower than pronotum, proportionately large, very
indistinctly punctated, often with a small groove or fovea at middle; an-
tennae thickened distally, their third joint a little shorter and consider-
ably thinner than the second, the following from 4-10 increasingly trans-
verse, so that the next-last become twice as broad as long, distal Joint
shorter than the two preceding joints together, obtusely tapering. Prono-
tum distinctly narrower than elytra, fully 1* times as broad as long with
smoothly rounded, single bristle bearing sides, slightly convex, especial-
ly finely and sparsely punctated, together with head and ©lytra finely sha-
greened in surface and therefore dull or of modulate shine, often with a
feeble impression posteriorly and a slight groove in middle-line; elytra
/,^ longer than pronotum, with fine and not dense scabrous punctation; first
three free dorsal joints of abdomen with rather fine and scattered puncta-
tion, the two following with very simple punctation, L. 3.5 mm.

In the O^ the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal Joint of abdom-
en (Fig. 57) at middle with a broad, somewhat produced, at tip slightly

-271-

(Page 16C)
emarginate lobe, and by a rounded incision separated from this an acute,
thorn-shaped tooth, at least of length with the middle-lobe.

Distributed in .'Middle Europe; very rare in this country and hereto-
fore only few have been found in North SJaelland (Stenholtsvang, Hillerfzfd,
7. 07 author) under bark of oaks, which were attacked by Scolytus intricatus.
57. H. subterranea Pvluls. at Rey.

(I-^uls. et Rey Opusc. Ent. II, 1853, 40; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 2&1 ; Thorns.
Skand. Col. X, 320; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 219; Muls. et Pey Erevip. 1873,
466 [AlaobWJi Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 189).

(Page 161)

A rather evenly broad species with robust antennae, identified by color
of the body and by the sex-characters of the u ,

^listening brownish-red or yellowish-red, very finely haired; the head
and the next-last two-three abdominal Joints pitch-black or pitch-brown;
antennae pitch-brown, their base, and the legs reddish-yellow.

The head broad and short, very little narrower than pronotum, indistiot-
ly punctated; antennae short and robust, thickened distally, their first
two joints short and thick, the third scarcely shorter than thw second,
but narrower, the following (4-10) increasingly strongly transverse, so
that the next-last become over twice as broad as long; distal Joint short,,
about as lonj as the tv;o next-last Joints together, tapering. Pronotum
amply Ij times as broad as long, only a little narrower than elytra, with
feebly rounded sides and rounded off hind corners, slightly convex, with
very fine isolated punctation; elytra </!? longer than pronotum, somewhat
more distinctly and densely punctated than this; first three free dorsal

•27 2-

(Pa^e IGl)
joints of abdomen finely and not densely, the two followin:^ sparsely punc-
tated. L. 3 rrni.

In the c5^ the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint with four
distinct teeth, of v.hich the cneter ones are obtuse and a little larger
than the acute corner-teeth.

Distributed in Middle Europe, England and Sweden, but rare everywhere;
in this country heretofore found only singly in the vicinity of S^^nder-
bor^' ("Vustnei) also at Bo^naes near Roskilde. It lives on damp forest ground
under leaves and said also to occur with ants.
15. Subgenus Alaobia Thorns.
58. H. scapularis Sahib.

(Sahib. Ins. Fenn. I, 372; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 2S1 ; Thorns. Skand. Col.
Ill, ICO; Sharp Rev. Drit. Horn. 218, Janglb. Kaf. W. II, 189. - oohrecea
Srlchs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 32S; IJIuls. et Rey Bre'vip. 187?, 463).

A somewhat fusiform, compact species v,ith rather broadly separarated
middle-coxae, other diagnostic characters inter alia, the color, form of
pronotum, and sex-characters of tho o^ .

Yellowish-red or brownish-red, glistening and rather finely haired;
th2 head and the next-last two-three abdominal joints darkly brovn or black;
antennae pitch-brownish with lijhter base; legs reddish-yellow.

The head much narrower than pronotum, rounded with protruding eyes,
rather finely and densely punctated; antennae quite robust, their second
and third joints of same length, the fourth small and transverse, consider-
ably narrower than the fifth, the following (5-10) of same length and almost
of same breadth, distinctly transverse, distal jolnt as long as thw two next-

-273-

(Page 161)
last joints together, tip obtuse. Pronotum is posteriorly about t\\ice as
broad as length at median line, however considerably narrower than elytra,
narrowing anteriorly with rounded sides, deflected fore-corners and obtuse,

but distinct hind-corners, --r--(Page 162) its posterior margin inside

these slightly incurved, dorsum convex, rather finely and densely punctated;
elytra '/^ longer than pronotum, and more robustly punctated than this, their
posterior margin inside the outer corners slightly incurved; the first three
free dorsal joints of abdomen deeply depressed at base, distinctly and rath-
er densely punctated, the fourth with scattered, the fifth very simple
punctation. L. 3-3.5 mm.

In ths o* the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdom-
em with four teeth, of which the AM^ two middle ones are blunt and short,
the corner teeth acute and longer, slightly curved inwards (Fig. 56).

Distributed throughout North and Central Europe; very rare and sparse

in this country; ;nost often on boggy forest ground under leaves and moss,

\t now and then found *ith ants and under loose cark on birch. (Ermelun-

den and Tyrehaven near Copenhagen; Faagaardsvang at Hiller/d, Store Klint

in y>iien et al. ) .

16. Subgenus Ceritaxa Muls. et Pey.

59. H. testaceipes Heer.

(Heer Fn. Helv. I, 327, Sharp Pev. L'rit. ilom. 221; Muls. et Fey Bre'vip.
1873, 3B3; ^anglb. Kaf. t/.. II, 190. - varlcOrnis Kr. Ins. C. II, 292).

This and the following species are especially distinguished by, that

the antennal outer joints from and including the fifth (£-10) are pecull-

-274-

(Page 162)
-arly strongly transverse; furthermore testaceipes is easily identified
by the sex-characters of the o .

Glistening black, very finely haired; elytra lighter or darker yelloih-
brown, at base and on sides often shaded with black; abdominal tip feebly
brownish; antennal base and maxillary palpi brownish- or yellowish-red;
legs reddish-yellovy . In teneral animals pronotum and abdominal base red-
■•dish-brown.

The head is a little narrower than pronotum, roundly transverse, with
rather large and somewhat protruding eyes, with especially fine, scatter-
ed punctation, glistening; antennae short, as long as heaa and pronotum
together, from the fifth joint very robust, uut not thickened distally,
their third Joint shorter than the second, the fourth snail, transverse,
out only half as broad as the fifth; this is very little narrower than
the five following joints and these are nearly Z'i. times as broad as long;
distal joint tapering. Pronotum somewhat narrower than elytra, about twice
as broad as long, with smoothly rounded sides, deflected, rounded fore-
corners, and obtusely rounded— off hind corners, slightly convex, very fine-
ly and not densely punctated; elytra '/^ longer than pronotum, rather finely
and densely punctated; the first three free dorsal joints of abdomen with
fine and scattard, the two following very simple punctation, almost smooth.
L. 2.5 mm. (Page 162)

In the ^ the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdom-
en (Fig. 5C) produced at middle and formed like a short, rather broad, at
tip. slightly rounded plate, upon which at upper part two small, smooth boss-
es are seen. The corners of posterior margin obtusely rounded off. (cf.ianglb.

and Kraatz) .

-275-

(Pa-e 163)
Very rare in t'iddle Europe and southern England. Its occurence in this
country is yet doubtful; a single find (^^ ) in cand. Schlick's collec-
tion, without close discription, can perhaps be assigned to this species.

17. Subgenus Xenota Muls. et Eey.
61. H. myrmecobia Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. E. II, 285; Ihoms. Skand. Col. IX, 278; fJIuls. et Pey Bre-
vip. 1873, 3&8; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 184).

At first glance its appearance reminds you somewhat of H. fungi, from
which it however without difficulty is separated by, that the body is less

(Page 164)
glistening, head smaller and more flat, pronotum more feebly convex, el-
ytra as a rule shorter, and abdomen posteriorly less tapering.

Pitch-olack or black, modulated or dull shine, very finely haired; el-
ytra brown, sometimes pronotum also brownish; antennae pitch-brown with
somewhat lighter base; mouth-parts and legs reddish or brownish yellow.
In the teneral insects only the head and abdominal next-last Joints pitch-
black, the rest of the body and the elytra are reddish-brown, antennae
yellow-red or rust-red.

The head small, much narrower than pronotum, punctation indistinct or
particularly fine and scattered, sometimes {o^ ?) flatly depressed at mid-
dle and with a feeble groove in medial line; the antennae hardly longer
than head and j.ronotum togother, slightly thickened distally, their third
joint as long as, or u little shorter than the second, conical and at tip
as thick as the fourth, this as long as broad, the following (5-10) Increas-
ingly transverse, so that the next-last' l:ecome about tvjice as broad as long;

• 276-

(Pa^e 164)
distal joint short, obtusely tapering. Pronotum as broad as elytra, 1^
times as broad as long, with rather strongly rounded sides without out-
standing bristles, feebly convex, rather densely and finely punctated,
together with the head finely shagreened in surface and therefore with
dull shine, in medial line sometimes feebly, sometimes distinctly (o ?)
grooved. Elytra comparatively short, not longer than pronotum, with rather
fine and very dense scabrous punctation, their posterior margin inside the
outer corners not incurved; abdomen feebly narrowing posteriorly, its first
three free dorsal joints with fine and rather dense, the two following
with simple punctation. L. 2.5 ram.

In the ^the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint at middle
feebly emarginate and the next-last ventral joint somewhat more strongly
rounded than in the Q .

It occurs in the mounds with ^'ormica rufa, but is not, as Kraatz holds,
a steady or true ant-guest; outside of the ant hiUs it is found on damp
forest and meadow ground under the plant cover; everywhere rare; I have
most frequently found it in the woods near Hillerpd at spring time, sift-
ed from damp leaves and leaf mold around small forest pools. North and
Central Europe.

18. Subgenus Dochmonota Thoms.
62. H. clancula Er.

(Srichs. Kaf. Llk. Br. I. 'i6\; et Spec. Staph. 114; Janglb. Kaf. W. II,
190. - atrata Kraatz Ins. D. II. £95. - funebris Thoms. Skand. Col. Ill,
19).

A small, short and proportionately broad species, particularly distin-

-27!?-

(Pa-e 164)
juished by a short, broad pronotura, and the dense punctation of abdomen.

Black, feeble or modulated gloss, finely haired; elytra often bro\^n-
ish; antennae pitch-black or pitch-brown, their base, mouth-parts and the
legs reddish-yellow. (Paje 165)

The head is short and broad, somewhat narrower Ihan pronotum, slight-
ly convex, very finely and rather densely punctated; antennae short, their
third joint much shorter and finer than the second, the following from the
fourth to the tenth smoothly increasingly thickened, so that the next-
last become almost twice as broad as long; distal joint tapering oviform.
Pronotum nearly as broad as elytra, twice as broad as long, scarcely tap-
ering anteriorly, sides rounded, dorsum slightly convex, very finely and
densely punctated, medial line often distinctly grooved, its posterior mar-
gin inside the obtuse corners very slightly incurved; elytra ^/^ longer than
than pronotum, with very dense, fine scabrous punctation, their posterior
marjin inside* the outer corners distinctly incurved; abdomen finely and
densely punctated, the foremost dorsal joint somewhat more densely and dis-
tinctly punctated than the hinamost. L. 2 m^n.

Ln the 5^the pronotal groove Is more distinct than in theO , other-
wise the difference between the sexes is scarcely noticeable.

Under leaves on daa.p, swampy or marshy woodland ground, but everywhere
In North and Middle Kurope very rare; in this country heretofore found only
in Nordsjaelland (Pavnsnaes Forest, Donse, Freerslev Hegn, St. Dyrehave et
Hiller/Jd).

-278-

(Page 165)

19. Subgenus i/ilcrodota Muls. et Pey.

63. H. palleola Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Ilk. Br. I, 333; ien. Spec. Staph. 115; Kraatz "ns. D.
II. 259; Sharp Pev. Brit. Horn. 181; Thorns. Opusc. II, 131, IV 376; Muls.
et Rey Brevip. 1873, 305; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 192).

A very small species, predominatingly reddish-yellow and extremely
fine punctation, within the subgenus mainly identified by the color.

Olistening, very finely haired; head black, pronotum reddish-yellow;
elytra reddish or brownish-yellow; middle joints of abdomen black or
pitchy brown, its base and tip reddish-yellow; antennae distally dark,
their base, and the le^s yellow; in dark animals abdomen, with exception
of the tip, almost entirely black.

Head rounded, proportionately large, almost as broad as pronotum, in-
distinctly punctated; antennae as long as head and pronotum together, rath-
er strongly thickened distally, their third joint much shorter and smaller
than the second, the following from the fourth to the tenth smoothly in-
creasingly transverse, so that the next-last become over twice as broad
as long; distal joint short oval. Pronotum is Ij times as broad as long,
a little narrower than elytra with smoothly rounded sides, extremely fine-
ly or indistinctly punctated, flatly convex, posteriorly at middle-line
slightly grooved; ely tra '/? longer than pronotum, particularly finely and
rather densely punctated, ihts surface extremely finely shagreened; abdom-
inal first three free dorsal joints with especially fine and very isolat-
ed punctation, the two following almost smooth, the fifth longer than the
fourth. L. 1.5 mm.

-279-

(Pa-e 166)

Distinct characters whereby to separate the O from the Q do not occur.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, but singly and very rare in
this country, found under damp leaves and in the autumn in fun^i (Aalborg,
Fredericia, Holte, Hiller/rfd) .

64, H. indubia Sharp.

(Sharp Rev. Brit, Horn. 227; tianglb. Kaf. M. II, 193).

Closely allied to H. amicula, but blacker of color, and especially the
head and pronotum more glistening; antennae less robust, and in tht O the
next-last dorsal joint in margin distinctly serrated.

Deeply black, very finely and sparsely haired, glistening; the legs
pitchy brown with lighter knees and tarsi.

Head rather broad, narrower than pronotum, somewhat depressed or with
a flat fovea at middle, almost impunctate; antennae feebly thickened dis-
tajly, their second and third joints more slender than in amicul'i, the
third shorter than the second, the fourth as long as broad, the next-last
joints distinctly transverse, distal joint tapering, as long as the two
preceding joints together. Pronotum li times as broad as loag, e little
narrower than elytra, anteriorly and posteriorly of same breadth with
smoothly rounded sides, flatly convex, punctation extremely fine and very
isolated; elytra //j longer than pronotum, likewise especially finely and
not densely punctated; first three free dorsal Joints of abdomen with
very fine and rather scattered punctation, the following almost smooth.
L. 1.5-1.7 mm.

In theS't.he posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal Joint of abdom-

•280-

(Page 166)

-en distinctly serrate, with a more robust and more prominent tooth in

each corner.

In my collection I have a specimen (o) of this species, presumably

from North Zealand, but without exact information of place collected etc.

The species is distributed in England and Central Eyrope, but generally

very rare; said to be found in debris at hay stacks, withered leaves and

etnd in alluvium. (Fowler).

65. H. subtilis Scriba.

(Scriba Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1866, 128; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 286; Muls.
et Rey Br^vip. 1873, 4&1 ; Janjlb. Kaf. M. II, 194).

From amicula, to which subtilis is somewhat similar, it is separated
especially by the much more robust and dense punctation of pronotum, and
by the darker, brownish-yellow color of the legs; furthermore the anten-
nal middle Joints are less robust, and elytra a little longer, as a rule
also darker.

Black, anteriorly rather with feeble gloss, finely haired; elytra some-
times brownish; legs brownish yellow with darker femora.

The head about as broad as pronotum, finely and not densely punctated,
at middle sometimes feebly grooved; eyes rather large and somewhat protru-

(Page 167)
ding; antennae quite tobust, brlstle-hairod, their third Joint shorter
than the second, the fourth as long as broad. and not broader thtin the tip
of the third, the middle Joints feebly, the next-last rather strongly trans-
verse, about twice as broad as lonj, distal Joint short and rather robust.
Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra, fully 1; times ie broad as long,

-281-

(Page 167)
with smoothly rounded, single bristle-haired sides, slightly convex, with
dense and rather fine, granulate-punctation, sometimes feebly grooved in
middle-line posteriorly; elytra amply //:? longer than pronotum v;ith very
dense scabrous punctation. The first three free dorsal joints of abdomen
with fine and isolated, the fourth with scattered punctation, the fifth
almost smooth. The middle tibiae at middle with a distinct bristle. L. 1.
5-8 mm.

Differences between (5^ and j^ are not distinctly developed.

Distributed in Central Europe; very rare in EenraarS:. I have found it

in fungi in Sk0rping forest south of Aalborg, in bird excrement in Lindum

forest south of Hobro, also at mouldy plants and excrements around Hiller^d;

at present I am not acquainted with other findings.

66, H. amicula Steph.

(3teph. 111. Brit. V, 132; ^fanglb. Kaf. M. II, 194.- sericea Muls. et
Rey Opuso. Ent. I, 1852, 41; Bre'vip 1873. 347; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 2SE ; Thome.
Skand. Col. Ill, 8&; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 225).

A small, rather evenly broad and feebly convex species with short robust
antennae, further identifiable by the feeble punctation of abdomen and
the light yellow color of the legs.

Black, finely, yet distinctly haired, somewhat modulated shine; elytra
brovinish; antennae pitch-brown, their base and the mouth-parts lighter;
lags light brownish-yellow.

The head very little narrower than pronotum, extremely finely or in-
distinctly punctated, in the O feebly tjrooved ut middle; ey^ s rather large
and slightly protruding; antennae short, robust, thickened distally, their

-282-

(Page 167)
third joint much shorter and narrower than the second, obconic, the fourth
transverse, the following from the fifth to the tenth increasingly strong-
ly transverse, so that the next-last become over twice as broad as long;
distal .joint short, shorter than the two preceding joints together. Pro-
notura only a little narrower than elytra, I2 times as broad as long, an-
teriorly and posteriorly of same breadth with smoothly rounded sides and
single bristles, feebly convex, very finely and densely punctated, as well
as head and elytra particularly finely shagreened and therefore somewhat
of dull shine, sometimes feebly grooved in medial line or with e faint
impression before scutellum ( o ); elytra only .j longer than pronotum,

(Page 168)
somewhat more distinctly punctated than this; first three free dorsal
joints of abdomen with very fine and isolated punotation, the following
almost smooth. L. 1.8-2 mm.

In the ^ the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen truncated at tip and
broadly arcuato-emarginate (Fig. 61); the next-last ventral joint a little
elongate and roundly tapering.

Distributed everyv-here and common; especially numerous in compost, in
debris at old hay stacks and like places, less frequent at fungi and out-
flowing tree-sap.

67. H. mortuorum Thoms.

(Thoms. Skand. Col. IX, 281; Sharp Pav. Brit. Horn. 229; Janglb. Kaf.
M. II, 195. - ? atricolor Sharp s. St. 230).

Very closely allied to amiciila, but most often smaller, the legs dark-
er of color and the antennae shorter.

-263-

(Paie 168)

Black, especially finely haired; forebody feebly, abdomen rather strong-
ly jlistenlns; elytra often brownish; legs pitch-brown or yellowish-brown
with darker femora.

The head nearly as broad as pronotum, extremely finely or indistinctly
punctated, in the ^slightly grooved at middle; antennae short and robust,
their third Joint much shorter and narrower than the second, obconic, the
following from 4-10 increasingly transverse, so that the next-last become
twice as broad as long; distal joint as long as the two preceding joints
together. Pronotum is very little narrower than elytra, 1^ times as broad
as long, scarcely narrowing posteriorly, with feebly rounded sides, slight-
ly convex, densely and very finely, yet distinctly punctated; elytra k~'',s
longer than pronotum, very finely and densely, somewhat more distinctly
punctated than pronotum; abdomen evenly broad, its first three free dorsal
joints with rather dense, very fine somewhat scabrous punctation, the fol-
lowing almost smooth. L. 1.2(-2) mm.

In the d'the sixth free dorsal Joint of abdomen at tip feebly emargi-
nated, and the next-last ventral joint short triangularly tapering (Thorns.,
Janglb. ) .

It is distributed in North and ::entral liurope also England and will
probably also be found in this country, where it however has not at pres-
ent been incountered. Reported to occur especially in the soil unaer car-
rion, but also at manure and rotten plants. Thomson gives its length as 2
mm, and that of sericea (umicula) as 1.5 mm.

-26«-

(Paje 168)

68. H. inquinula Er.

(iJrichs. Kaf. U. Br. I, 3:54; Jen. Spec. Staph. 116; Kraatz In?. D.
II, 297; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 231; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 336; Jang lb .
Kaf. U. II, 19£).

The smallest species of the ^enus Homalota; identified by its smallness
and in relation to the closest allied species furthermore by the form and
punctation of pronotum.

(Paje 169)

Narrow, rather evenly broad and flatly convex; blacl;:, i inely haired,
little shine; elytra brov.nish; legs brownish-yellow with a little dark-
er femora.

The head is hardly as broad as pronotum, as long as broad, with rath-
er straight sides, punctation extremely fine and dense; antennae short
and proportionately robust, their third joint small and obconic, much
smaller and shorter than the oviform second Joint, the following from the
fourth to the tenth distinctly and increasingly transverse, so that the
next-last become twice as broad as long; cistal joint short obtuse at tip.
Pronotum narrower than elytra, anteriorly about li times as broad as long,
feebly narrowing posteriorly, densely and especially finely punctated; el-
ytra ^/? longer than pronotum, punctated like this. Ihe foremost free dor-
sal joints of abQDmen very finely and rather densely punctated, the hind-
most with scattered or simple punctation. L. 0.7 mm.

The difference between (3 and ^ is indistinct.

At manure and rotting plants, widely distrlbutHd; rare in Lnisr country;
(Ry, Odense, ilillerpd et al.); easily overlooked.

-2b&-

(Page 169)

69. II. liliputana Bris.

(Oh. Bris. Ann. 3oc. Ent. Fr. 1860, 344; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1873,
355; ianjlb. Kaf. M. II, 195).

A small, narrov* and evenly broad species, closely allied to amicula.
but considerably narrower, icore glistening, pronotum and elytra less dens-
ely punctated and the femora most often darker.

Black, glistening, very finely, sparsely haired; elytra brownish;
legs brownish-yellow with darker femora.

Head nearly as broad as pronotum, with especially fine, isolated punc-
tation; eyes rather large, scarcely protruding; antennae rather short,
thickened distally, their third joint shorter and smaller than the second,
the fourth about as long as broad, the following (5-10) increasingly trans-
verse, so that the next-last become tv,ice as broad as long; distal joint
ovally tapering. Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra, amply //? broad-
er than long, with feebly rounded sides, scarcely narrowing posteriorly,
especially finely and not densely punctated, sometimes slightly impressed
at middle (5'?), sides with a few outstanding bristles; elytra amply /.^
longer than pronotum, rather densely and especially finely punctated; ab-
domen of even breadth or feebly broadened posteriorly, its first three
free dorsal joints depressed at base, with scattered and especially fine,
the following witn simple punctation, almost smooth. L. l.E-1.8 mm.

Distributed in Midale Europe. At Hillerzfd, in August 1911, I found
in the soil under a dead bird, some specimens of a small Homalota (Mlcrod ota)
which undoubtedly belong to this species.

-286-

(Pa^'e 170)

70. H. atomarla Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 254; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 214; Janglb. Kaf. 'J..
II, 1S6. -,;labricula Thorns. Skand. ^ol. IX, 28C).

A small, rather narrow and evenly broad species, v<hich diagnostic
characters especially are, that head, pronotum and elytra as well as ab-
abdomen are all extremely finely or indistinctly ?ind sparcely punctated
and haired; it is glistsnin^; black with brownish-yellow legs, and occasi-
onally brownish elytra; pronotum scarcely narrower than ^iytra and these
about 1^ times as long as pronotum. L. 1.3 ram. (t. Sharp).

Distributed in Middle Kurope; also found in Skaane (Thorns.), but here-
tofore not found in Denmark. Is to be found under rotting plants and in
fungi.

7Ca. li. perexiaua Sharp.

(Sharp Fev. Brit. Horn. 215; Jan^'lb. Kaf. M. II, 196).

From atomarla it is namely separated by, that its pronotum is distincV
ly narrov.er than elytra, and that it is smaller. L. 1 mm.

Distributed in Middle Europe. A single specimen in my collection, found
at Ske^rping under carrion, is apparently this species.

20. Subgenus Philhy.^ra Kuls. et Fey.

71. H. palustris Kiesw.

(Kiesw. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1844, 318; Kraatz Ine. D. II, 309; Sharp Pev.
Erit, Hom. 211; Mule, et Rey Drevip. 1873, 309; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 198;
- brunnipes Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 72).

A rather narrow and slender, glistening species, which by its form of

body, and by the quite slender antennae somewhat resembles a small H. elon-

i a tul a . to which it, by irichson is assigned as a variety ( ien. et Spec.

287-

(Page 170)
Staph. 91. var. II). From this species it is however easily separated
both by, that head and pronotum are peculiarly polished, and that the
next-last joints of the as a rule darker antennae, are distinctly trans-?
verse.

Black, jlisteninj, very finely haired; head and pronotum polished;
elytra brown or yellowish brown, at base and sides brownish-black, some-
times almost entirely black; antennal base often brownish; legs yellow.

The head almost as broad as pronotum, punctation especially fine and
scattered; eyes large, : feebly protruding; antennae rather slender, feeb-
ly thickened distally, their third joint hardly as long as the second,
the fourth joint as long as broad and narrower than the fifth, the middle
joints feebly, the next-last more strongly transverse, about 1^ times
as broad as long, distal joint tapering, scarcely as long as the two pre-
ceding joints together. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, I'/j limes
as broad as long, with anteriorly slightly rounded, posteriorly more straight
sides, and with a few outstanding side-bristles, slightly convex, especi-

(Paje 171)
ally finely and not densely pundtated; elytra Vs longer than pronotum, very
finely and densely punctated. The firat three free dorsal joints of ab-
domen with fine and rather dense, the two following wltli feeble and simple
punctation; the fifth free joint Is longer than the fourth. L. 2-2.5 mm.

In th-^ ^ the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen slightly emarjlnute at
tip; the tioxt-last ventral Joint is considerably elongate, at lip oroadly
truncated with rounded-off corners, the entire margin fimbriate. (Fig. 62. )

-286-

(Pa^e 171)

Distributed everywhere on damp ground under leaves and in alluvium,

not rare; more rarely at carrion.

21. Subgenus Traumoecia t'.uls. et Pey.

72. H. angusticollis Thorns.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856; Skand. Col. Ill, 87; Sharp Rev. Brit.
Horn. 210; langlb. Kaf. K. II, 20C. - ravilla Kraatz Ins. D. II. 308; Wuls.
et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 447).

A rather narrow, elongate species with feebly thickened, rather long
antennae, further recoi^nized by the finely shagreened, feebly glistening
forebody, narrow pronotum and proportionately long elytra.

Black, finely haired; forebody with feeble gloss, abdomen rather glis-
tening; elytra blackish-brown or brown; legs brownish-yellow with darker
femora.

The head very little narrower than pronotum, about as long as broad,
with rather large, a little protruding eyes, indistinctly or very finely
punctated, and in the o* most often slightly depressed at middle; antennae
rather lon^, feebly thickened distally, their third joint as long as the
second, both elongate, the three followinj as long as broad, the next-
last (7-10) in the p distinctly, in thu^very feebly transverse, distal
^oint as long as tha two preceding joints together, tapering. Pronotum
much narrower than elytra, hardly 1 O times as broad as long, very feebly
narrowinj posteriorly and with anteriorly slightly rounded sides with a
few outstanding side-bristles, feebly convex, densely and very finely punc-
tated and the surface as well as that of head and elytra very finely sha-
greened, and due to this with dull shine, most often feebly grooved at medial

-2e£-

(Page 171)
line posteriorly; elytra about 1^ times as long as pronotum, punctation
denser and a little more distinct than in this. The first three free dor-
sal joints of abdomen vnith very fine and scattered punctation, in the two
following joints punctation is sparse and evanescent. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the o the posterior margin of the sixth, free dorsal joint of ab-
domen feebly incurved; the next-last ventral joint is somewhat elongate
and more tapering than in the n , rounded at tip.

(Page 172)

Distributed; most frequent in forest regions; in the autumn in fungi
and rotting plants, but as a whole rather rare in Denmark. North and Cen-
tral Europe.

73. H. ravilla Thoms.

(Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 28C ; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 201).

Especially closely allied to angusticollis, from which it only is sep-
arated by, namely that the distal joint of the antennae is peculiarly long,
about as long as the three next-last joints together. L. 2.5-3 mm.

Very rare. In this country a few specitaens are heretofore found at Fre-

deriksvaerk in fungi on elm (7. 1903 Author) and at Copenhagen Jn fungus

L.yc opera ina (Schi^dte); the species is known from Sweden and the southern

mountainous regions of Central Europe.

74. H. picipes Thoms.

(Thoms. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, C&, Skand. Col. Ill, Hi; Sharp Rev.
Brit. Horn. 145; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 1&9. - excavata KiiIk. et Rey Bre'vip.
1373. 634).

Evenly broad, slightly depressed, with broader head and pronotum than

-2SC-

(Pa^'e 172)
an.^usticollis; forabody like in this with modulated gloss; further espe-
cially identified by the sex-characters of o and Q .

Black, finely haired; forebody rather dull, abdomen glistening; el-
ytra sometimes brownish; legs brownish yellow with somewhat darker femora.

The head, pronotum and elytra very finely shagreened in surface; head
short and broad, however narrower than pronotum, with rather fine and iso-
lated punctation, in the O flatly impressed at middle, in the _^ feebly
convex and with very fine, short groove; antennae rather robust, but very
feebly thickened distally, their second and third joints of same length,
the fourth as long as broad and a little smaller. than the fifth; the fol-
lowing joints from the fifth to the tenth of same length, distinctly trans-
verse, and the next-last scarcely broader than the middle joints, distal
joint short, tapering. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, amply ///
broader than long, not narrowing posteriorly, but slightly rounded, iso-
lated bristles on sides, flatly convex, with fine, yet rather distinct and
dense granulate-punctation, in the o with a feeble impression or a feeble
groove at middle-line posteriorly, in the^^at middle v.ith a broad, distinct
longitudinal impression. Ely tra ''/s longer than pronotum, finely and dense-
ly punctated. The first three free dorsal joints of abdomen with fine and
scattered punctation, the two following with simple and evanescent puncta-
tion. L. 2.5-3 mm. --(Page 173)

In the d^ the first four joints of tho antennae more densely haired, and
the third joint more roLust than in th^: Q ; posterior margin of the sixth
free doBsal joint in th-^ C> (Fig. 63) is at middle incurved, but in thei^(Flg.
63a) with a rather deep, semicircular incision. The next-last ventral joint

-Ml'

(Page 173)

in the C> is somewhat elon^ata and broadly emarginate at tip, in the Q

slightly eaiariinate.

Very rare; in this country so far only found in North Sjaelland in

fungi (Hiller^d and Frederiksvaerk, 7-£, ieC3, o5. Author). Distributed

throughout North and Middle Europe, said also to occur at outflowinj tree

sap and under bark,

75. H. divisa Wark.

(Warkel lerm. Ztschr. V, 213; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 279; Sharp Fev. Brit.
Horn. 208; Muls et Pey Brevip. 1873, 324; Sanglb. Kaf. U. II, 188.-aridula
Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 75).

A slightly depressed, rather evenly broad, dully glistening species,
closely allied to ni.^ricornis. but in regard to this recognized inter alia
by denser punctation of abdomen, shorter third joint and longer distal
joint of the antennae, also by the sex-characters of the O .

Black, all over with dull or modulated shine, finely haired; elytra
uiost often brownish; antennae pitch-black or pitch-brown, sometimes red-
dish-brown, their base, and maxillary palpi lighter; legs brownish or red-
dish yellow.

Head, pronotum and elytra very densely and especially finely shagreen-
od in surface and therefore dull or with moderated gloss; the head a lit-
tle narrower than pronotum, and a little broader then long with hind cor-
ners rounded off, and large, but feebly protruding eyes, extremely finely
and not densely, often indistinctly punctated, in th..' O with a broad im-
pression at middle and medial line grooved; the entiinnao rather slender
and only feebly thickened distally, their third Joint a little shorter than

•292-

(Pa^e 173)
the second, the fourth as lonjj as broad, the middle and next-last joints
distinctly but not strongly transverse, almost of eqyal breadth, distal
joint proportionately large, lonrjer than tne two preceding joints togeth-
er. Pronotum a little narrower than the elytra, amply 1 ^/S times as broad
as long, with anteriorly feebly rounded, posteriorly more straight sides,
flatly convex, very finely and densely punctated, in the p often with a
feeble longitudinal groove posteriorly before scutellum, in the Q the en-
tire middle-line broadly depressed or grooved. Elytra /.j" longer than
pronotum, finely and very densely punctated; abdomen a little more glist-
ening than the forebody, the surface extremely finely and feebly shagreened,
its first three free dorsal joints distinctly and densely punctated, the
fourth less densely, the fiftl. sparsely papctated. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the O the head and pronotum deeply grooved (see above); the sixth
fret dorsal joint of abdomen at tip transversally truncated or flatly
emarginated, posterior margin slightly thickened and extremely finely ser-
rated, its corners slightly prominent; sides of the joint finely ledje-
shaped margined (Fig. 64).

(Page 174)

Distributed in Europe; on damp ground under leaves and moss, also in

birds' nests, and at fungi and carrion; rather rare in this country.

76. H. nigricornis Thorns.

(Thoms. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forli. 1852, 142; Slcand. Col. Ill, 86; Kraatz
Ins. D. II, 281; Sharp Hev. Brit. Horn. 209; Muls. et Fey Bre'vlp. 1873,
636; Janglb. Kaf. K. II, 163).

Like the preceding species slightly depressed, rather ejually broad

-263-

(Pa^'e 174)
and feebly or moderately ^listenin^-; identified especially by entirely
dark or black antennae, and by the broadly concavous depressed pronotum
of the <?" and other sex-characters.

Black, very finely haired; forebody with modulated or feeble shine,
abdomen rather glistening; elytra black, sometimes brownish black; an-
tennae black or pitch-black, occasionally pitch-brownish at base; legs
brownish yellow with somewhat darker femora.

The surface of head, pronotum and elytra particularly finely sha-
^reened and therefore with dull shine; the head a little narrower than
pronotum, especially finely and rather densely punctated, in the <5^ more
or less flatly depressed at middle with a short medial groove; the anten-
nae fully as long as head and pronotum together, rather slender, feebly
thickened distally, their third joint about as long as the second, the
fourth as long as broad and scarcely broader than the tip of the third
Joint, but smaller than the fifth, this and the following (5-10) feeb-
ly increasingly transverse, the next-last about 1^ times as broad as long;
distal joint bhort. Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra, hardly ik
times as broad as long, with anteriorly feebly rounded, posteriorly more
straight sides, its dorsal side finely and very densely punctated, in the
^ flatly convex with a small transverse fovea before scutellum, and a
more or less distinct, shorter or longer groove in medial line, in the o
conspicuously broadly and concevously impressed at middle. Elytra //3
longer than pronotum, punctatea aoout like same. The first three free
dorsal joints of abdomen with rathei isolated and fine punctatlon, the

(Page 174)
the two following simply and indistinctly punctated. L. 2.5-3 mm.

Besides the distinctive impressions on head and pronotuir, the sixth
free dorsal joint of abdomen in the O is at tip broadly incurved and
the corners almost rectangular. The next-last ventral joint is some-
what elongate and rounded off at tip. (Fig. 65).

Distributed in Europe, and in this country not rare at tree-sap. in
compost and at fungi; in hollow poplars and other trees, which are attack-
ed by the Gossus larvae, where it often is very numerous in burrows of
the larvae and in gnaw-crumblings.'

(Page 175)
22. Subgenus Slnaraea Thorns.
77. H. angustula Jyll.

((Jyllh. Ins. Suec. II, 393; iirichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 322; ien. Spec.
Staph. 91; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 233; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 290; Sharp Rev.
Brit. Hom. 153; Muls. et Pey Ere'vip. 1873, 649; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II, 206).

Elongate, evenly broad and slightly depressed, feebly glistening,
with entirely Iramarglnate temples and genae like the two following spe-
sies, but in relation to tiiese identified especially by denser punctatl-
on of the fourth and fifth free dorsal joints of abdomen.

Black, very finely haired, feebly or moderately glistening; pronotum
often brownish-red, as a rule black or pitch-brownish; elytra yellowish
brown or yellowish-red, darkly shaded around scutellum; the abdominal tip
and for^^most joints sometimes orownish-red; antennae pitch-brownish, their
base, mouth-parts and lege reddish-yellow.

Forebody extremely finely ahagreened in surface and due thereto with

.b29i-

(Pa^e 175)
feeble shine; the head Droad with rounded sides, a little narrov-er than
pronotum, especially finely and rather densely punctated, in the^^oroad-
ly and deeply impressed at middle; antennae rather robust, their second
and third joints of same length, the fourth and fifth as long as broad,
the following (6-10) feebly increasingly transverse, so that the next-
last become ij times as broad as long; distal joint as long as the two
preceding joints together. Pronotum anteriorly about as broad as elytra,
a little broader than long, feebly narrowing posteriorly, with slightly
rounded sides, flatly convex, very finely and densely punctated, with
an, especially in the ©'distinct longitudinal groove in middle-line; el-
ytra only a little longer than pronotum, very densely and finely punc-
tated. The first four free dorsal joints of abdomen finely and very dense-
ly punctated and dull, the fifth a little less densely punctated and
somewhat glistening. L. S-b"-! ram.

In the G the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen on dorsal side with
10-12 elongate ,-,rains, arranged in two-three more or less regular trans-
versal rows; the sixth free joint with a transverse row of 4 similar grains
and furthermore the posterior margin with four small, often indistinct
teeth. (Fig.ee).

Distributed and not rare on semi-damp ;round under stones, moss and

leaves, also in alluvium. North and Middle Europe.

76. H. aeqnata Erlchs.

(Erichs. Keif. Mk. Dr. I. 323; Jen. Spec. Staph. 92; ?:raatz Ins. E. H
23S; Thorns. S'Kand. Col. II, 290; Sharp Fev. Brit. Horn. 152; Muls. et Fey
Brevip. 1873, 646; Janglb. Kof. U. II, 207),

• 296-

(Page 175)

Father evenly broad, slightly depressed, closely allied to precedin;^
species^ and the ^J'with like characters, but identified inter alia by en-
tirely dull head and pronotum, and the sparse punctation of the fourth
and fifth free dorsal joints of abdomen.

(Page 176)

Black, very finely haired; head and pronotum entirely dull; elytra
with some jloss, abdomen rather glistening; elj'tra brown or blackish-
brown; tip of abdomen and posterior margin of its foremost joints some-
times orownish-red; antennae pitch-black or rust-red, their base, the
mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellow.

The surface of head and pronotum extremely finely shagreened and there-
fore dull; the head broad, nearly as broad as pronotum, flat, extremely
finely or indistinctly punctated, in the <5 broadly impressed at middle;
antennae rather robust, a little shorter than in angustula, their third
joint a little longer than the second, the fourth feebly transverse, tho
following (5-lC) increasingly transverse, so that the next-last become
twice as broad as long; distal joint as long as the two preceding joints
together. Pronotum anteriorly a little narrower then elytra, about as
long as broad, witli anteriorly feebly rounded sides and slightly narrow-
ing posteriorly, feebly convex, impunctate, middle-line in t\i3 ^ feebly,
in the ^'distinctly longitudinally grooved; elytr-i '/^ longer than prono-
tum, ,very densely and finely punctated, surface esirecially finely shagreen-
ed. Tue first three free dorsal joints of abdomen finely and rather dense-
ly puagtaied,. the fourth v.ith scattered, the fifth with sparse or simple

•297-

(Page 176)
punctation, both with much sparser punctation than in angustula. L. 3.5-
4 mm.

In the 3* the fourth free dorsal joint of abdomen on dorsal side pos-
teriorly most often with 2 very small ^-rains, but the fifth with two trans-
verse rows of larger elongate grains, 4-6 in each row; posterior margin
of the sixth joint with 4 small teeih (Fig. 61).

Under the bark on stubs and on half dead deciduous and pinacious

trees, distributed in all our woodland regions, and not rare. North and

Middle Europe.

75. H. linearis CJravh.

(3ravh. Micr. 69; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, ZT-Z; :Jen. Spec. Staph. PI;
Kraatz Ins. E. II, 240; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 291; Sharp P.ev. Brit. Horn.
154; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1873, 653; 5anglb. Kaf. M. II, 207).

Very closely allied to both the preceding species and like these of
rather even breadth and slightly depressed, most like aequata, from which
it however is easily separated by ..somewhat glistening' and rathej- distinct-
ly punctated head and pronotum, also more robustly punctated elytra, fur-
ther by the difference between the characters of the 0&.

Black, finely haired, somewhat glistening; elytra brown; tip of ab-
domen brownish-red; antennae brownish or rust-red, their base, the raouth-
parts and legs reddish-yellow.

(Page 177)

The h««i1 t^nd pronotum extremely finely shagreened in turf ace, there-
fore with modulated shine, but never as dull as ae-iuate. The head ie broad,
a little narrower thwn pronotum, with fine and scattered punctation, in

-296-

(Page 177)
the ^ broadly impressed between the eyes, in the^ sometimes slightly
grooved in medial line; antennae rather robust, bristle-haired, slight-
ly thickened distally, their third joint a little longer than the second,
the fourth as long as broad, the following feebly increasingly transverse,
so that the next-last become l^ times as broad as long; distal joint short,
hardly as long as the two preceding joints together. Pronotum nearly as
broad as elytra, a little broader than long, feebly narrowing posteriorly,
with anteriorly slightly rounded sides bearing a few bristles, feebly con-
vex, finely and rather densely punctated, the middle-line in ^ feebly,
in the (5^ more strongly grooved; elytra a little longer than pronotum, rath-
er fine end dense granulate-punctation. The first three free dorsal joints
of abdomen finely and not densely punctated, less densely than in aequata,
the fourth with scattered, the fifth with simple punotation. L. 3.5-4 mm.

In the 5" the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen transversally trun-
cated, and the margin is by three feeble carves made slightly uneven, there-
by together with the slightly prominent corners forming four very feeble
teeth. The next-last ventral joint is somewhat elongatw and rounded off
at tip.

Not rare under b«rk, moss and fungi on tindery stubs; distributed e&-
peclally in woodland regions and most frequent in the eutumn. North and
Central Europe.

23. Subgenus Hy:^roeci& Muls. at Ray.
BO. n. debilis Er.

('Srlchs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 321; Gen. Spec. Staph. S4; Kraatz Ins. E. II.

-259-

(Pa.je 177)

243; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 72; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 1S7; Mule, et Fey
Br^vip. 1875, 282, Ganglb. Kaf. 'd. II, 22?).

Elongate and of even breadth, rather narrow and somev^hat flatly de-
pressed, not unlike a medium .sized H. elongatula, but of more even breadth,
with broader head and more robust antennae, of which the next-last joints
are distinctly transverse. Furthermore, debilis and also the following
species are distinguished by, that the tip of the mesosternum is peculi-.
arly short, so that it at most, only reaches-^ in between the coxae, the
tip itself is almost rectangular.

Black, or pitch-black, very finely haired; forebody feebly or moderate-
ly, shining, abdomen rather glistening; elytra yellowish-brown or brownish
yellow; pronotum often pitch-brown; abdominal tip brownish yellow; an-
tennae, mouth-parts and legs reddish yellow.

Head, pronotum and elytra extremely finely shagreened at surface, and
therefore rather feebly or dully glistening; the head proportionately
large, about as broad as pronotum, very finely or indistinctly punctated;
antennae somewhat longer than head and pronotum together, rather slender,

(Page 178)
somewhat thickened distally, their third joint a little shorter than the
second, the fourth longer than broad, the fifth and sixth as long as broad,
the following (7-lC) feebly increasingly transverse, so that the next-
last become 1: times as broad as long, distal joint is shorter than the
two preceding joints together. Pronotum anteriorly nearly as broad as el-
ytra, hardly ''/j broader than long, distinctly narrowing posteriorly, with
anteriorly slightly rounded sides and a few outstanding side-bristles.

•300-

(Page 178)
dorsal side flatly convex, very finely and densely punctated, medial
line feebly grooved; elytra flat, f /^ longer than pronotum, punctated
about same as this; abdomen evenly troad, its first three free dorsal
Joints finely and rather densely, the following sparsely punctated, the
fifth joint much longer than the fourth. L. 3-3.5 mm.

Ir the o the next-last ventral joint of abdomen strongly elongated
ana reafttes considerably out under the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen,
its sides are nearly parallel and the tip very broadly rounded pff (Fig.
68). In the O the next-last ventral joint is much shorter with obtuse
angular tip.

In meadows and other damp ground; in most places rather rare. North

and (/.iddle Europe.

81. H. falliciosa Sharp.

(Sharp Pev. Brit, Horn. 186$, 157; IJanglb. Kaf. II, 226.- ?parca Muls.
et Key Bre'vip. 1875. 285).

Most closely related to debilis, but of somewhat more robust struc-
ture, more convex, darker of color and hardly as glistening; the head is
narrower and more rounded, the sex-characters of the 'S are differently
formed. It is like one of the many forms of H. melanocera. but is sepa-
rated especially by more robust antennae, of which the four-five next-
last joints are distinctly transverse, also by the shorter tip of meso-
sternum.

Black, finely haired, somewhat glistening; elytra brownish or pitch-
brown; abdominal tip brownish yellow; The antennae durkly yellowish-brown
or pitch-brown with lighter uase; legs yellow.

•3C1»

(Page 178)

The head is considerably narrower than pronotum, rounded and feebly
narrowing anteriorly, especially finely or indistinctly pjinctated, at
middle as a rule with short groove; antennae a little longer than head smd
pronotum together, from the fourth joint feebly thickened distally and
each following Joint a little broader than the preceding, their first
three joints rather elongate, the third shorter than the second, the fourth,
fifth and sixth about as long as broad, the following and next-last (7-
10) distinctly transverse, amply It times as broad as long, distal joint
short, hardly twice as long as the tenth. Pronotum is a little narrower
than elytra, //^ uroader than long, scarcely narrowing posteriorly, with

(Page 17S)
feebly rounded sides with a few fine outstanding bristle-hairs, smoothly
convex, very finely and densely punctated, its surface together with that
of head and elytra extremely finely shagreened, with a small, often in-
distinct transverse impression posteriorly before the scutellum. Elytra
about 4 longer than pronotum, very finely and densely punctated. The first
three free dorsal joints of abdomen rather densely and finely punctated,
the fourth with more scattered, the fifth with simple punctation and dis-
tinctly longer than the fourth. Uiddle-tiblae at middle with an outstan-
ding bristle. L. 3-3.5 mm.

In the ^ the head is more distinctly grooved than in the ^ ; the next-
last ventral joint of abdomen is somewhat elongate, smoothly tapering and
the tip rounded.

It is known from Scotland, Cajntral Europe and Finland; in Denmark here-

-302-

(Page 179)

tofore found only in North Slaelland (Hilleriid, 4, 06 and later, author)

on damp meadow and marshy ground.

24. Subgenus Halobrectha Thorns.

82. H. atricilla Scriba.

(Scriba Berl. fint. Zeitschr. 1866, 2&0 (nee. Brlchs.). - flavipes
Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, (1861) 50; ^Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 210. - halobrectha
Sharp Rev. Brit. Kom. 139. - puncticeps tiuls. et Key Br^vip. 1875, 12
(nee. Thorns.)).

This and the following species are distincguished by the coarse punc-
tation of the head, which easily separates them from the preceding spe-
cies in this series. In relation to the following species, atricilla is
especially identified by lighter antennae and le^-s, also by shorter elytra.

Black or pitch-black, rather finely grayish-yellow haired and some-
what glistening; the elytra sometimes brownish; abdominal tip yellow or
brownish-yellow; antennae, mouth and legs reddish-yellow; the antennae
toward tip and the hind femora however are often orownish-yellow.

The head, pronotum and elytra especially finely shagreened in surface
and due to this a little less shining than the abdomen; the head rather
large, almost as broad as pronotum and rounded off, coarsely but not dense-
ly punctated; antennae as long as head and pronotum together, distinctly
and smoothly thickened distally, finely bristle-haired, their third joint
shorter than the second, the fourth and fifth longer than broad, the sixth
as long as broad, the next-last four joints distinctly, but feebly in-
creasingly transverse, about twice as broad as lonj, distal Joint rather
short. Pronotum considerably narrower than elytra, about 1^ times as broad
as long, with anteriorly rounded sides, distinctly narrowing posteriorly

-3C3-

(Pa^e 179)
slightly convex, finely and not densely punctated; elytra proportionate-
ly short, about i longer than pronotum, finely and densely, flatly punc-
tated, their posterior margin inside the outer corners distinctly incur-
ved. The first three free dorsal joints of abdomen sparsely and finely,
the two following very simply punctated. L. 3-3. t mm.

(Page 18C)

In the o the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen at tip almost obtuse
angularly rounded off; the next-last ventral joint is somewhat elongate
and more narrowly tapering than in the O .

It lives exclusively on the strand at the ocean, v.here it is found
under seaweed and other alluvium, is oistributed at most European coasts
and is not rare in this country.

The name H. flavipes Thorns. 1861 is preoccupied in this genus by
f lavipes Jrav. 1806 and therefore must be changed to atricilla Scriba.*

♦Literal translation: "The name H. flavipes is used in subg. No to the eta
and must therefore here, though older, yield to atricilla Scriba."

83. H. puncticeps Thoms.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, 133; Skand. Col. Ill, 49; Kraatz
Ins. D. II, 232; Sharp Rev. Brit. Kom. 140; Janglb. Kaf. t;.. II, 211.-
halensis Uuls. et Rey Br^vip. 1875, 16).

Very closely allied to preceding species, but darker of color and with
longer, flatter, more densely punctated elytra.

Slightly depressed, black, finely grayish-yellow haired, dully or feeb-
ly glistening; abdominal tip brownish; antennae pitch-black; their base,
mouth and legs pitch-brown or reddish yellow-brown.

>304-

(Page 180)

The head, pronotum, and elytra especially finely shagreened in the
surface and therefore with feeble or dull gloss; the head a little nar-
rower than pronotum, rather coarsely and densely punctated, deeper than
in atricilla; antennae a little longer than head and pronotum together,
feebly thickened aistally, bristle-haired, their first three joints slen-
der, the third shorter than the second, the fourth as long as broad, the
middle ones feebly, the next-last more strongly transverse, amply 1^ times
as broad as long, distal joint hardly as long as the two preceding joints
together. Pronotum is much narrower than elytra, a little broader than
long, slightly narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly feebly rounded sides,
slightly conves, finely and rather densely punctated, with a suggestion
of a flat impression posteriorly before the scutellum; the elytra rather
flat, Is times as long as pronotum, very densely and rather finely punc-
tated, their posterior margin inside the outer corners distinctly incur-
ved; abdomen somewhat glistening, its first three free dorsal joints with
fine and isolated, the two following with simple punctation. L. 3-3.5 mm.

The difference between o and ^ is about as in the preceding species,
but less distinctly aeveloped.

It lives exclusively on the ocean strand, and is found under seaweed
and other alluvium, is distributed like the preceding species and at most
places in this country more frequent than same.

Third Series.

The species beloaging to t!ie snb^ienera of this series are all distin-
guished by this, that the firai. /our free dorsal Joints of abdomen are

-305-

(Page 181)
depressed at base. In this they are opposite to all other Homalota spe-
cies, which at most have only three at base depressed joints, and are
thereby easily identified.

The head in subgenus Dadobia is conspicuously square with sharp hind
corners and straight .sides; in the other subgenera i§ more or less round-
ed off. Temples and jenae are most often margined, in sub;jenus Ptychandra
peculiarly sharp and undulated, in Plataraea incomplete, and only in subg.
Dadobia and Pachnida entirely wanting. The eyes are normally large, rare-
ly as in Plataraea rather small; antennae quite robust, the outer or next-
last joints transverse. Pronotum varies in form; elytra always longer
than pronotum; abdomen of even breadth, its fourth free dorsal joint dis-
tinctly depressed at base like the three preceding; the fifth free joint
is sometimes longer than the fourth, as in Bessobia. The middle coxae are
rather broadly separated in Alianta and Ptychandra, in the rest rather
close togethe: or even contiguous at middle; the tip of mesosternum
reaches at least to the middle between the coxae. First joint of hini tar-
si is only in Ptychandra somewhat elongate, longer than the second.
25. Subgenus Anopleta Muls et Bey.
84. H. corvina Thoms.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Korn. 1856, 101, Skand. 3ol. Ill, 88; Sharp Fev.
Erlt. Hom. 212; langlb. Kaf. M. II, 201. - lepida Kraatz Ins. C. II, 30t ;
Muls, et Pay Br^vip. 1875, 22).

A small, rather narrow and evenly broad species with large head, nar-
row pronotum ana proportionately Ion.; elytra, in form not unlike angusti-
collis, but smaller, ana on account of the four transversally grooved free

•306-

(Pa^-e 131)
dorsal joints of abdomen, more closely related to subgenus Bessobla spe-
cies.

Black, finely haired, rather glistening; the elytra black or black-
ish-brown; legs brov.nish-yellow ; basal joint of the antennae sometimes
brownish.

The head is in circumference nearly as large as pronotum, hardly nar-
rower than this, as long as broad, with rather large, somewhat protruding
eyes, finely and rather densely punctated, in the S'with a deep, in the
^ with a feeble longitudinal groove in middle-line; antennae a little longer
than head and pronotum together, feebly thickened distally, their first
joint proportionately thick, especially in the ^ , the third consider-
ably shorter than the second, the fourth small, about as long as broad,
the following from the fifth to the ninth increasingly transverse the
latter twice as broad as long, the tenth distinctly longer than the ninth;
distal Joint short with obtuse tip. Pronotum much narrower than elytra,
a little broader than long, feebly narrowing posteriorly, with anterior-
ly slightly rounded sides bearing single bristles, flatly convex, with
rather fine and dense granulate punctation, in the o most often with a
deep and rather broad longitudinal impression on middle, in the p with
a sugjestion ot, or a feeble longitudinal groove in middle-line posterior-
ly; elytra li times as long as pronotum, finely and rather densely punc-

(Page 182)
tated and the surface as well as that of head and pronotum particularly
finely shagreened; abdomen evenly broad, with stronger shine than the fore-

-307-

(Page 182)
body, its first four free dorsal joints distinctly but not strongly de-
pressed at base, the first three Joints with fine and scattered, the two
following with sparse or simple punctation. L. 2-2.5 mm.

In the ^ the grooves of head and pronotum are deep, and the first
joint of the antennae strongly thickened; the sixth free dorsal joint of
abdomen at tip rather transversally truncated - in the ^ rounded off -
and in the o the next-last ventral joint is a little elongate and nar-
nowed, the tip rounded.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, especially in woodland regi-
ons; in fungi and at rotting plant matter; in this country rare or rath-
er rare.

26. Subgenus Bessobia Thorns.
85. H. occulta ir.

(Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 317; :Jen. Spec. Staph. 83; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 233; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 43; Sharp Fev. Brit. Hom. 143; Muls. et
Eey Ere'vip. 1875, 131; Sanglb. Kaf. K. II, 202).

Father elongate and of even breadth, in form not unlike H. elongatula,
however easily separated from same inter alia by the four, at base trans-
versally grooved, dorsal joints of abdomen, the sex-characters of the o
and tne more robust, entirely black antennae.

Elack, rather finely haired; the head, pronotum and elytra with rath-
er feeble gloss, abdomen very glistening; the elytra in adult animals
pitch-brown with black reflection, and the legs darkly brownish-yellow;
in less mature animals the elytra are brownish yellow, the legs lighter,
and pronotum and abdominal tip sometimes pitch-brownish.

-306-

(Page 182)

The head, pronotum and elytra particularly finely shagreened in sur-
face and therefore with feeble or modulated shine. The head a little nar-
rower than pronotum, rather large with slightly protruding eyes, punc-
tation very fine and isolated, sometimes indistinct, in the o with a
broad, flatly grooved longitudinal impression at middle, in the ^ most
often with a short and feeble groove in middle-line between the eyes;
antennae rather long and robust, but only feebly thickened distally, fiae-
ly bristle-haired, their first Joint rather long, and especially in the 6
distinctly thickened, the third hardly as long as the second, the fourth
as long as broad, the following (5-10) feebly increasingly broadened dis-
tally, so that the next-last become about \\ times as broad as lonj; dis-
tal joint shorter than the two preceding Joints together. Pronotum l//j
times as broad as long, narrower than elytra, very feebly narrowing pos-
teriorly, with anteriorly slightly rounded, single bristle bearing sides,
with fine and rather isolated punctation, in the o slightly convex, with
a small and feeble transverse impression posteriorly before the scutellum,
in the ^ as a rule i.ith a flat longitudinal impression at middle. The el-
ytra amply 1'/? times as long as pronotum, with very fine, isolated punc-
tation; abdomen anteriorly with fine and very scattered punctation, pos-

(Page 183)
teriorly almost smooth, its fourth free dorsal joint at base equally
strongly depressed as the three preceding Joints; the fifth free dorsal
Joint a little longer than the fourth. L. 3-3.5 mm.

In the ^ the sixth free dorsal joint cf abdomen dorsally smooth and
impunctate, but the surface very densely shagreened and therefore almost

-309-

(Page 183)
dull, posteriorly broadly truncated with rounded corners and slightly
incurved posterior margin, an sides and posteriorly bounded by an elevate
sharp margin, which is higher on sides than on posterior margin. The
next-last ventral joint is somewhat elongate and rounded at tip (Fig. 69).
In the jp the sixth free dorsal joint at tip as a rule distinctly, but
feebly incurved.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe; in this country rare or lo-
cal. It is found especially in fungi and compost, but also at manure,
offal and carrion.

86. H. fungivora Thorns.

(Thoms. Skand. Col. IX, 260; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 144; ianglb. Kaf.
U. II, 203. - gibbera Wuls. et Rey Br^vip. 1875, 141).

Much like the preceding species, from which it however without dif-
ficulty can be separated by the following deviations;

It is ordinarily a little smaller, the antennae a little more thlck-
enea toward tip and their middle Joints (4-6) distinctly finer than in
occulta; pronotura is proportionately narrower and posteriorly distinct-
ly narrowing, especially in the o . L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the o the head is broader and deeper impressed at middle between
the eyes than in the O of occulta; dorsal side of the sixth free dorsal
Joint of abdomen not entirely smooth, but flatly longitudinally grooved
in middle-line, th^ sides as in occulta with elevate and sharp margins,
but posterior margin is flat and iramarginate, almost straight or feebly
rounded, and at middle with a suggestion of two small, closely placed
teeth.

-310-

(Pa-e 183)

At fungi and rotting plants; distributed in North and Middle Europe;

very rare and local in this country (3or;a', Nylc^ing F., Aalborg, Hilleryd)

87. H. monticola Thorns.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1652, 143; Skand. Col. Ill, 43; Kraatz
Ins. S. II, 234; Sharp Fev. Erit. Horn. 147; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1875,
145; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 203).

In form, color, punctation and size very closely allied to H. occulta.
It differs from this species in that the forebody, especially pronotum
is more glistening its surface less distinctly shagreened, that the an-
tennae is shorter, their first joint in the o less robust, the second and

(Page 184)
third joints of same length and less elongate, that pronotum is broader,
ih times as broad as lon^, scarcely narrowing posteriorly, and that the
elytra are a little shorter. L. 3.5-4 mm.

In the o the head and pronotum at middle most often more sharply
impressed than in occul ta, but the surest diagnostic characters of this
species are the sex-marks of the ^ which are very characteristic: The

sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen is broad at tip, and at middle with
a deep. angular incision, and on dorsal side with four, sometimes feeble,
longitudinal folds, outside of these on each side with a sharp elevated
margin, bounding the sides of the incision and the rounded hind corners
(Fi;. 70). In the ^ the same dorsal Joint is feebly emarginate at tip.

In fungi, at carrion and rotting plants, distributed in North and
Midale Europe; in this country rare and loctjl (Py; Vordingborg, Hiller^rJd;
Fyde, Loll, et al.).

-311-

(Page 184)

88. H. excellens Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 235; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 146; Janglb. K&f . M.
II, 203).

Like the preceding species very closely allied to occulta, with whid"!
it inter alia agrees in punctation of the body, the impressions of head
and pronotum, color of the legs etc. As a rule it is somewhat smaller,
forebody somewhat more feebly shagreened in surface and therefore more
glistening, elytra darker, antennae a little shorter; pronotum proporti-
onately broader, elytra a little shorter; but it is especially the char-
acters of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen in the ©which makes it
easy to identify. In relation to monticola, to which it is most closely
allied, and from which the _^ is rather difficult to separate, it is like-
wise most surely determined by the differences in the sex-characters of
the OO' It is however also ordinarily smaller than same; the head is
less broad, considerably n^irrower than pronotum, this is likewise narrow-
er and only //^broader than long. L. 3 mm.

In the 5'^ the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen on dorsal side with
a slightly arcuate transversal row of small, more or less distinct granules
which often are confluent, forming a transversal carina. Back of this the
sides and posterior margin are turned upward and sharply bounded, and pos-
terior margin at middle with a sharp angular incision.

Distributed in the mountainous regions of Lliddle Europe and in N'orth
Europe (Scotland, Iceland, Norway, Finland). In Denmark here"lof ore apparent-
ly only observed at Hlller(*d, where I found a few specimens under a dead
bird, together with monticola (6. 1911).

-312-

(Page 185)

27. Subgenus Ptychandra ^Janglb.

8&. H. hepatlca 3r.

(Erichs. len. Spec. Staph. lOii; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 268; Thorns. Skand.
Col. IX. 262; Sharp Rev. Erlt. Horn. 186; t/.uls. et Rey Brevip. 1873, 613;
Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 202. - exarata Sharp Rev. Brit, Horn. 186).

A rather prominent and characteristic species with rather broadly
separated middle coxae, sharply marginate temples and genae, four trane-
versally grooved abdominal joints and slender hind tarsi, of which the
first Joint is proportionately long; further identifiable by the coarse
punctation of the forebody and by the sex-characters of the O . It varies:
A smaller form with finer punctation, exarata Sharp, occurs.

Black or pitch-black, rather finely grayish-yellow finely haired; fore-
body with the elytra feebly, abdomen rather strongly glistening; elytra
broHnish-red , most often darker at base; tip of abdomen and often also
the posterior margins of its other joints brownish or brownish-yellow;
the antennae and maxillary palpi rust-red, often darker at base; legs
yellowish-red.

The head, pronotum and elytra densely and especially finely shagreen-
ed in surface and due to this with feeble or modulated shine. The head
is much narrower than pronotum, rounded, with rather small, slightly pro-
truding eyes and sharply marginate temples and jenae, most often *ith
rather coarse, but flat and not dense punctation, sometimes finer or even
indistinctly punctated, in the O as a rulu somev^hat flatly depressed at
middle, in the © convex; the antennae rather long, robust, but not strong-
ly thickened distally, their second and third joints of same length, elon-

•313-

(Page 185)
^ate, the fourth about as long as broad, the followit;^ (5-10) feebly in-
creasingly, but distinctly transverse, the next-last about twice as broad
as long, the distal joint as long as the two preceding joints together,
long tapering. Pronotum somewhat narrower than elytra, about Ij times
as broad as long, scarcely narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly round-
ed and deflected, posteriorly more straight sides, convex or flatly con-
vex (O), with flat and rather dense, coarse or rather fine ocellate
punctation. The elytra //j? longer than pronotum, flatly, rather densely
and most often rather coarsely punctatedj their posterior margin inside
the outer corners distinctly incurved. The first three free dorsal joints
of abdomen with fine and scattered punct&tion, the following almost smooth,
the first four free dorsal joints transversally grooved at base, but less
deeply in the fourth than in the three preceding, the fifth not longer
than the fourth. The first joint of hind tarsi is proportionately long,
1^ times as long as the second. L. 4-5 mm.

In theO^elytra along the suture, but not entirely parallel with this,
with a distinct longitudinal fold, which posteriorly runs sharply into the
sutural corner. The fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen at middle before
posterior margin with a small, glistening angular boss. The next-last ven-
tral joint in the <5 at tip rounded off, in tlie ^ rather deeply incurved
and along posterior margin with dense, short bristles.

(Page 186)

n. exarata Sharp is scarcely specifically different from hepatica Er.,
but is a considerably smaller and narrower form of same, as a rule also

>314.

(Page 186)
of a lighter brown color; the head, pronotum and elytra is more finely
shagreened and punctated and somewhat more glistening, pronotum seems
a little shorter and is more flatly convex than in hepatica. The sex-
characters in the <?* and ^ are (t. Janglb.) alike in both.

Distributed in Middle Europe, England and South Sweden. In this
country the species is very rare and heretofore only found in smal num-
bers and singly, the typical form in Tisvilde Hegn, Boserup forest (Fosen-
berg, 5. 1897 and 5. 1399) and Jrib forest (Engelhart, 6. 1909), the smal-
ler form at S^zfnderborg (V/utnei), Silkeborg (E. Petersen 10. 1904) and
Hiller(!(d (Author 6. 1905) under leaves, fagot and loose bark on stubs and
trunks. Said also to occur with ants, especially Lasius fuliginosue. (Sharp)
28. Subgenus Plataraea Thorns.
90. K. brunnea Fabr.

(Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 180; Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 326; Sen. Spec
Staph. 98; Kraatz Ins. 2. II, 265; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 46; Sharp Fev.
Brit. Horn. 184; Muls. et Fey Brevip. 1873, 666; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 204.-
depressa xravh. Micr. 100; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 45).

One of our most noticeable and handsome Homalota species (Fig. 71),
rather broad and slightly depressed, in connection with the four trans-
versally grooved dorsal joints of abdomen, especialy recojniced by the
color, rather small eyes and sex-characters of the &.

Feddish-yellow, somewhat glisteninj, rather finely and sparsely huir-
ei; Ihe hoaa, anu the next-last, often also the middle Joints of abdomen
at middle of base black or blackish-brov^n; pronotum sometimes brownish
with lighter margins; tiie elytra brownish-yellov. , most often darker around
scutellum; antennae dlstally pitch-black or pitch-brown, their base ana

-315"

(Pase 186)
the legs yellow.

The head is much narrower than pronotum, dorsally flatly depressed,
with scattered and rather fine punctation, and together with pronotum
and elytra with extremely finely shagreened surface, its sides with out-
standing, fine and short bristles; eyes small; temples only margined pos-
teriorly; (Page 187) the antennae rather

lonij, feebly thickened distally, bristle-haired, their third joint most
often a little longer than the second, the fourth as long as broad and
often (in the a) equally as robust as the fifth, the middle joints (5-7),
especially in the d , about as long as broad, the next-last feebly, yet
distinctly, especially in the o , transverse, distal joint tapering, as
Icng as the two preceding joints together. Pronotum is somewhat narrower
than elytra, 1* times as broad as long, with feebly and smoothly rounded
sides with a few robust, black bristles and several finer erect bristle-
hairs, flatly convex, with rather fine and scattered, not deep punctation,
in the p often with a merely suggested, in the o with one as a rule distinct,
broad, irregular longitudinal impressiom at middle. The elytra are . longer
than pronotum, with a little finer and denser punctation than this. Tne
first three free dorsal Joints of abdomen rather densely and finely pun:>
tated, the fourth sparsely, the fifth simply punctated, almost smooth. The
first four free dorsal joints are depressed at base, the fourth in the a
as deeply as the three preceding, in the ^ less deeply, yet distinctly
depressed. L. 4-C mm.

In the 3 the fifth free dorsal Joint at middle before the posterior

•316-

(Page 187)
margin as a rule vith a small smooth sranule, tho sixth is broadly trun-
cated and in the margin with four obtuse teeth (Fig. 72), of which the
corner teeth are largest (H. depressa Thorns.) J occasionally the middle
teeth are entirely obsolete, so that the joint has only rwo teeth (H.
brunnea Thoms.) In the o posterior margin of the same joint is feebly
incurved.

Distributed in Middle and North Europe. Not rare in Eenmark in wood-
land regions in the eastern and southern part of the country under leaves
and moss; it is most easily obtained by net, sometimes numerous on wood-
land plaines and meadows. Fare in northern Jutland.
91. K. nelanocephala Ileer.

(Heer Faun. Helv. I, 331i Ganglb. Kaf. II, 205. - nigrifrons Erichs.
Jen. Spec. Staph. ICO; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 267; Muls. et '"ey Bre'vip. 1873,
674. - ni^riventris Ihoms. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 185f, 99; Skand. Col. II,
46; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 205. - sordlda Kraatz Ins. D. II, 268).

Very closely allied to and much like brunnea, of same depressed or
rather flat form and about of same size, but .i.ost often with entirely
black or darkly colored abdomen, v*ith narrower head and pronotum, denser
punctation, more densely haired, almost dull elytra, however especially
deviating in, that the prominent sex-characters of the two next-last ter-
gitei of the O are wanting.

Fitch-black or pitch-brownish, finely yell owThalred. and dully glist-
eniaj ; pronotum often yellowish-red; elytra yellovvish-brown, often with
dark reflection; tip of abdomen and posterior m..rglns of its foremost
Joints brownish-red; antennal base, mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellow.

517-

(Pa^e 188)

Head, pronotum and elytra particularly finely shagreened in surface,
however more distinctly than in brunnea, therefore feebly or dully glis-
tening. The head is small, much narrower than pronotum, with small eyes,
rather fine and scattered punctation, flatly depressed at middle, in the
O often equally as strongly as in the O ; antennae same as in brunnea
or their outer joints somewhat more strongly transverse. Pronotum much
narrower than elytra, 1//:? times as broad as lon^j, with slightly rounded,
singly bristle-haired sides, with rather dense and fine, flat punctation,
at middle with a more or less distinct, broad longitudinal impression,
in the £ sometimes as distinct as in the c^ . Elytra -^'^f longer than prono^
turn; densely and finely punctated and rather densely haired with feeble
or dull silky gloss; abdomen somewhat more densely punctated than in brun-
nea, its first three free dorsal joints rather densely and finely, punc-
tated, the fourth with more isolated, the fifth with simple punctation;
the first f^ur free dorsal joints distinctly depressed at base. L. 4-4.5 mm.

In the ^ the fifth and sixth free dorsal joints of abdomen smooth,
without prominent sex-characters such as in brunnea, the posterior mar-
gin of the sixth tergite of the O is however less rounded than in the ^ ,
sometimes almost transversallly truncated, and feebly emarginate at mli-
dle; the next-last sternite of the d is slightly elongate, feebly narrow-
ing and rounded at tip. In the Q tae posterior margin of the same ventral
Joint at middle very finely incurved and in the margin with a row of fine
eiually long, light bristles.

Distributed throughout Central Europe, also found in Sweden, but not

-318«

(Page 188)

in England. In this country seemingly very rare and local, heretofore

found only in North Zealand«under fagot and in hollow trees. (5. 04;

6. 07; Hillerpd, Lyngby. Author).

29. Subgenus Alianta Thorns.

92. H. incana Sr.

(3richs. Kaf. I-k. Br. I, 329; ien. Spec. Staph. 109; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 236; Ihoms. Skand. Col. 44; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 150; Muls. et Fey
Bre'vip. 1673, 170; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 205).

A characteristic species with rather broadly separated middle-coxae;
the mesosternum between these long and narrowly tapering; furthermore
identifiable by the color of body, the four dorsal joints of abdomen which
are transversally grooved at base, and the rather coarse, granulate punc-
tation of abdomen, also by the sex-characters of the o .

Black, often bluish-black, dull gloss, very finely and rather densely
gray-haired; antennae distally toward tip pitch-black or pitch-brownish,
their lower half reddish-yellow; the legs pitch colored with red knees
and tarsi. (Page 189)

The head, pronotum and elytra particularly densely shagreened in sur-
face and due thereto of dull shine; the head a little narrower thun pro-
notum, rounded, with slightly protruding eyes, rather fine and isolated,
flat punctation, at middle occasionally slightly impressed, mora often
with short and fine groove; antennae as long as head and pronotum togeth-
er, rather strongly thickened distally, bristle-haired, their third Joint
a little shorter than the second, the fourth small, as long as broad, the
following (5-10) of same length, increasingly transverse, the next-last

-319-

)?1

(Page SarSO
about twice as broad as lonj; distal joint slrort, tapering. Pronotum
is much narrower than elytra, 1 '/^ times as broad as lonj^, with anterior-
ly' slightly rounded sides, posteriorly distinctly narrowing, with rather
fine and dense, flat punctation, at middle posteriorly most often with
slight, flat depression, sometimes feebly grooved at medial line; el-
ytra nearly la times as long as pronotum, with very dense and rather ro-
bust, granulate or scabrous punctation. The first four free dorsal joints
of abdomen rather deeply transversally grooved at base, the first three
at base with dense and rather fine, the hindmost half with less dense
and fine, granulate punctation, the two following joints with isolated
and rather robust, granulate punctation. L. 3-3.5 mm.

In the ^ the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen with coarse and dense
jranulate punctation; this punctation as a rule bounded by four distinct
jranules posteriorly before the hind margin; the posterior margin is flat-
ened and smooth with rounded posterior edge, which at middle most often
has a sharp Incision. - In the Q the joint is formed and punctated simi-
larly, but less distinctive, posterior margin as a rule entire.

It lives in the leaf sheaths of cat tail (Typhti latifolia), apparent-
ly preferring such plants of which the stems are bored by the larva of the
noctuids (Nona.^ria typhae or cannae) , and may be taken numerously here.
Distributed, and in this country not rare in bo.;s, ponds and lakes, where
the cat tail grows; often also in alluvium at such places.
30. Subgenus Pachnida Uuls. et Fey.
93. H. ni.:ella Er.

.320-

(Page 18e)

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 323; Jen. Spec. Staph. &C; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 237; Sharp Rev. Brit. Hoir. 151; Muls et Fey Brevip. 1875, 60; GJan^lb,
Kaf. M. II, 206. - punctiventris Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 2S2).

A narrow, evenly broad and rather flat species v-ith immarginate temp-
les and ^enae, recognized furthermoj-e by the color, the four transversal -
ly grooved dorsal joints of abdomen and its sharp punctation, also by the
sex-characters of the ^ .

Black, dull or dully glistening, finely haired; antennae dark with
brownish-yellow base; legs pitch-black or pitch-brown v.ith brownish-yel-
low knees and tarsi.

Head and pronotum extremely densely and finely shagreened in surface
and entirely dull. The head is proportionately large, as broad e.z pro-

(Page ISO)
notum, with slightly rounded sides, not protruding eyes, rather flatly
and finely, densely and not deeply punctated, in the o slightly impressed
at middle; antennae as long as head and pronotum together, distinctly
thickened distally, their third joint finer and a little shorter than the
second, the fourth about as long as broad, the following (5-10) smoothly
increasingly transverse distally, so that the next-last become about twice
as broad as long; distal joint is short, tapering. Pronotum anteriorly
nearly as broad as elytra, scarcely broader than long, feebly narrowing
posteriorly, with anteriorly slightly rounded sides, very flatly convex.
Indistinctly punctated, in the jg with a feeble, in the ^with a stronger,
broad longitudinal impression at middle; the elytra a little longer than
pronotum, with dense and rather robust scabrous punctation, somewhat jlis-

-321-

(Page 19C)
tenin^; abdomen glistening; its first four free dorsal joint depressed
at base; the first three and base of the fourth robustly and densely
punctated, the hindmost half of the fourth and the entire fifth in the o.
with fine and simple, in the o^with fine and simple granulate punctation.
L. 2-2.5 mm.

In the o the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen in the posterior mar-
gin with four small, yet distinct teeth, separated by equally large, slight-
ly incurved intervals.

In wet bojs and meadows, at the shores of rivers and lakes, where it

lives in the leaf sheath of reeds and in the leaf -corners of other water

plantsi from which it is washed to shore in alluvium, often in company

with incana. Distributed in Middle and North Europe; rather rare in this

country.

31. Subgenus Dadobia Thoms.

94. H. immersa £r.

(Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Er. I, 324; ien. Spec. Staph. 96; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
252; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 165; Muls. et Fey Brevip. 1875, 322; ^anglb.
Kaf W. II, 133. - planicollis Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 287).

A small, very characteristic species, narrow, flat and of even breadth,
and with four transversally grooved abdominal joints, but especially re-
markable by a peculiarly, square head, which makes it easy to recognize
in the entire genus.

Deeply black, glistening, very finely and sparsely haired; the anten-
nae pitch-black or pitch-brown with brownish-yellow base; legs brov/nish
yellow with blackish-brown femora.

».322»

(Page 190)

The head, pronotum and elytra extremely finely shagreened in surface
and their gloss thereby feebly dulled. The head (Fig. 73) is proportion-
ately large, as broad as pronotum, broadly square with straight, posteri-
orly parallel sides and rather large, slightly protruding eyes and rigth-

(Page 191)
angular hind corners, posteriorly almost evenly truncated and with finely
bounded posterior margin, dorsally flat and often slightly impressed at
middle, punctation especially fine, often indistinct and sparse^ genae
immarginate. The antennae fully as long as head and pronotum together,
smoothly thickened distally, their first joint robust, the second and
third both short, but the third shortest, obconical, the middle and next-
last joints (4-10) of same length, the middle ones feebly, the next-last
a little more distinctly transverse, about 1^ times as broad as long, the
distal joint comparatively thick, with obtuse tip, as long as the two pre-
ceding joints together. Pronotum anteriorly scarcely as broad es elytra,
about as long as broad, feebly narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly feeb-
ly rounded sides, dorsally flat, punctation particularly fine and very is-
olated and often with a slight, broad impression along the middle; elytra
amply l^/.? times as long as pronotum, punctated about same as this, flat;
abdomen more glistening than the forebody, with very fine simple puncta-
tion, its first four free dorsal joints rather deeply transvereally grooved
at base, the fifth as long as or a little longer than the fourth. L. l.£-2mm.

Tn the O the next-last ventral joint of abdomen somewhat elongate and
broadly rounded off at tip.

-323-

(Page ISl)
Distributed in forests, but not frequent, in frass* under the bark
of attacked trees,' especially pinaceous trees, but also beech and oak;
more rarely at outflowing tree sap. In North and Kiddle Europe,

Fourth Series.

The common characters for the species of this series consist espe-
cially in this, that the eyes are peculiarly small and under normal size;
in connection with this the temples are long, much longer than the eyes.
- Abdomen rather of even breadth, and only its first three free dorsal
segments are transversally grooved at base.

The temples and genae are entirely margined in subgenus Ousipalia,
in the rest of the subgenera either not at all or incompletely margined;
the antennae in our species more or less robust and thickened distally,
their outer joints sometimes very strongly transverse. Pronotum varies
in shape, in most cases broader than long. In a few subgenera ( Jeostiba.
Ousipalia) the elytra are distinctly shorter than pronotum, in the rest
either as long as this or longer. The fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen
in several cases (subg. Meotica, Parameotica) distinctly longer than the
fourth. Middle coxae almost contiguous or very narrowly separated and the
mesosternal tip reaches ordinarily midway between the coxae; it is short-
est in Parameotica, which thereby approaches the subg. Hy^roecia.

(Page 192)
32. Subgenus Aleuonota Thoms.
95. H. rufotestacea Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. -. II, 245; Sharp Pev, Brit. 'Jom. 163; Tuls. et Pay

-324-

•Lilerally - gnawlngs, tr.

(Page 1S2)

Brevip. 1875, 29; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 211. - atricapllla Thorns. Skand.
Col. III. 53).

A rather narrow, elongate species with small eyes and long temples,
further recognizeable by the color, very robust antennae and proportio-
nately long elytra.

Reddish yellowish-brown or pitchy brown, sparsely and finely haired,
somewhat glistening'; the head and the next-last abdominal joints often
pitch-black; pronotum yellowish-red, elytra, abdominal tip, antennae,
mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellovv.

The head is rather large, however narrower than pronotum, as long
as broad, v.ith small, somewhat protruding eyes and comparatively long,
almost parallel sides, distinctly constricted behind, with rather fine,
isolated and not deep punctation, the surface very finely shagreened and
often with a short impression at middle; antennae short and very robust,
thickened distally, with erect and long bristles, their first joint ro-
bust and as long as the two following joints tojether, the third much
shorter than the second^ and obconic, the following (-i-lC) very strongly
transverse, the fourth at least twice as broad as long, the middle and
next-last ones three times as broad as long; distal joint short, with
obtuse tip. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, about as long as broei,
feebly narrowing posteriorly, with slightly rounded sides, with rather
fine, flat and not dense punetation, surface very finely shagreened and
with a fine, most often distinct and entire groove at middle-line; el-
ytra amply I'/j times as long as pronotum, punctation especially fine and

-325-

(Page 192)
scattered, indistinctly shagreened; abdomen almost impunctate, its fifth
free dorsal ^oint not longer than the fourth. L. 3-3.5 mm.

In the o the next-last ventral joint of abdomen triangularly taper-
ing; in the O the same joint is broadly rounded off and its posterior
margin often feebly incurved at middle.

Distributed throughout North and Middle Europe, but all over very rare;

in this country so far only found singly in Sattrup forest at Alssund

('Vustnei) .

96. H. splendens Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 246; Sharp Pev. Erit. Hom. 163j Ganglb. Kaf. M.
II, 212).

Narrow, elongate and of even breadth, also identifiable by small eyes
and the very polished, almost impunctate dorsal sirface of the body.

Pitch-black or pitchy brown, very sparsely an;? finely haired, very
strongly glistening or polished; elytra yellowish-brown; the tip of abdon.-
en and its foremost joints most often lighter than the next-last, reddish-
brown, the tip sometimes brownish-yellow; antennae and mouth-parts red-
dish-yellow; the legs yellow.

(Pa^e 193)

Head and pronotum impunctate and very faintly shagreened, the head
as broad as pronotum or only insignificantly narrower, rather convex,
with small eyes and longer, feebly rounded temples; llie untennae as long
as head and pronotum together, rather robust, thickened distally, their
third Joint about as long as the second, the following (4-10) Increasingl-y

-326-

(Page 193)
transveree, so that the next-last become over twice as broad as long;
the distal joint as long as the two preceding Joints together, obtuse
tip. Pronotum approximately as broad as elytra, as long as broad, with
very feebly rounded sides, sometimes slightly depressed at middle; el-
ytra //^longer than pronotum, with extremely fine, hardly visible punc-
tation, the surface extremely finely reticulated; abdomen with very simp-
le punctation, its fourth and fifth dorsal joints of same length. L. 2,5 mm,

The difference between o and Q indistinct.

Distributed in Central Europe and South England, but very rare every-
where. In Denmark heretofore (as far as known) only two specimens are
found, one in the vicinity of aanderborg ('Vustnei), the other presumably
in Lollana (Author's collection).

33. Subgenus Meotica Muls. et Fey.
97. H. exilis Erichs.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 353; Jen. Spec. Staph. 115; Kraatz Ins. IJ.
II, 260; Thoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 54; Sharp Bev. Brit. Horn. -180; Muls. et
P.ey Bre'vip. 1875, 7-*; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 213).

A very small, narrow and evenly broad species with proportionately
large head, small eyes, very robust, short antennae, and extremely fine,
almost invisible punctation. The fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen con-
siderably longer than the fourth.

Pitcny brown or reddish-brown, very finely haired and with moderate
or feeble gloss, the head most often black, and the elytra sometimes
brownish-yellow; abdominal tip, antennal oase, mouth-parts and legs red-
dish yellow.

-327-

(Pa^e 193)

Head and pronotum indistinctly punctated, but the surface extremely
finely shagreened and therefore of moderate shine; the head is lar;je in
proportion to pronotum, as broad as this, short oval, slightly convex,
sometimes with a very feeble groove in middle-line; the eyes small, not
protruding, and the temples twice as long as these; antennae short, very
robust, strongly thickened distally, their third joint peculiarly small,
much shorter and finer than the second, obconic, the fourth transverse,
the middle and next-last (5-10) increasingly, very strongly transverse,
about 3 times as broad as lon=;, distal joint short, rather thick, tip
obtuse. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, a little broader than
long, feebly narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly very feebly round-

(Page 194)
ed sides, slightly convex, without impressions; the elytra a little lon-
ger than pronotum, with rather dense, extremely fine punctation. The
foremost free dorsal joints of abdomen rather densely, extremely finely
punctated, the following with simple and indistinct punctation; the fifth
free dorsal joint i longer than the fourth. L. 1.5-2 mm.

In the B' the next-last ventral joint slightly elongate and rounded off
at tip.

Distributed in Europe, and not rare on damp ground; in this country

often numerous in the sprirXa-, in alluvium from meadows and marshes.

98. H. indocilis Heer.

(Heer Faun. Helv. I, 333; Uuls. et Pay brevip. 1875, 90; Ganglb. Kaf.
r.'. II, 213. - pallens Fedtb. Faun. Austr. I, 662; Kraatz Ins. D. II, Z£l ;
Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 181).

-328-

(Page 194)

From exllis, to which it is very closely allied, especially in re-
gard to form of body and punctation, structure and strength of antennae,
it is separated by the following details;

It is a little smaller, body rather unicolorous brownish yellow, some-
times with dark reflection across the next-last wbdominal segments, the
antennae and legs yellow, the eyes especially small and the temples are
four times as long as these; pronotum about as broad as elytra, its sides
almost straight, elytra scarcely longer than pronotum, and the fifth free
dorsal joint of abdomen is peculiarly long, over twice as long as the fourth.
L. 1. 2 mm.

In the o ihe next-last ventral joint not elongate, at tip broadly and
flatly rounded.

Distributed in Middle Europe and also found in Scotland; in this coun-
try very rare and local on damp rich soil, in compost and at hot houses
(Dyrehaven, Rosenborg Park, Nykpbing F.)*

34. Subgenus Amidobia Thorns.
99. H. talpa Heer.

(Heer Faun. Helv, I, 1341, 594; ^anglb. Kaf. ?/.. II, 215. - parallela
Mannh. Bull. Wosc. 1844; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 262; Skand. :;ol. Ill, 255;
Sharp Pev. Brit. Hom. 183; Mule, et Rey Brivip. 1875, 66).

A very small and fine myrmecophilous species with small eyes, propor-
tionately short elytra and extremely fine punctation, in appearance not
unlike a small H. analis. but narrower than this, with more rounded head
and much finer, scattered punctation of abdomen, of which the fourth and
fifth free dorsal joints are of equal length, and the sixth without inci-
sion.

(Page 194)

Black, especially finely haired and rather glistening; pronotum oft-
en pitch-brown; elytra brown or reddish-brown, their base, mouth-parts
and legs yellow. (Page 195)

The head is a little narrower than pronotum, rounded, very feebly
dilated posteriorly, rather convex, indistinctly punctated; the eyes
small and very feebly protruding, temples twice as long as the eyes; an-
tennae rather short and quite robust, smoothly thickened distally, their
third joint small and much shorter than the second, the fourth as long
as broad, the middle ones feebly, the next-last (7-10) more strongly
transverse, twice as broad as long, distal joint short, obtusely tipped.
Pronotum is a little narrower than elytra, a little broader than long,
with rounded sides and corners, smoothly convex, extremely finely and
rather densely punctated, sometimes with a suggested transverse fovea
before the scutellum, more rarely feebly grooved at middle-line; elytra
only a trifle longer than pronotum, very finely and rather densely punc-
tated, their posterior margin inside the outer corners feebly incurved.
The first three free dorsal joints of abdomen with especially fine and
very scattered punctation, the following almost smooth, the fifth not
longer than the fourth. L. 1.5 mm.

The difference between o and Q indistinct.

It lives exclusively with ants, especially in the mounds with the
forest ant Formica rufa and v. pratenls, where it sometimes can be found
in great numbers; it occurs more rarely and singly with the black ant
Lasius fuli^inosus; distributed in Middle and North Europe and not rare
in Denmark.

-330-

(Page 195)

35. Subgenus Amischa Thorns.

ICC. H. analls Jravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 76; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 332; 3en. Spec. Staph. il4;

Kraatz Ins. D. II, 256; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 175; Wuls. et Fey Brevip.

1875, 92; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II, 214. - ? platycephala Thorns. Skand. Col.
III. 294).

A small, rather evenly broad and slightly convex species with small
eyes and comparatively long temples, and in which the principle charac-
ters furthermore lies in the shape of the head, punctation of abdomen and
the form of the next-last abdominal joints; in color and size it is some-
what variable.

Black, very finely haired, with feeble silky, somewhat modulated shine;
pronotum, elytra and abdominal tip pitch orown or reddish-brown, occasi-
onally yellowish-red; antennae most often brownish with brownish-yellow
base, sometimes entirely brownish-yellow; mouth-parts and legs darker or
lighter brownish yellow.

The head (Fig. 74) is a little narrower than pronotum, broadest pos-
teriorly with plump, rounded temples and rounded-off hind corners, anteri-
orly narrowing and with very small, not protruding eyes, so that the shape

(Page 196)
becomes short oviform triangular; the temples are at least three times as
long as the eyes, dorsal side of the head convex, with rather dense and
extremely fine scarcely visible punctation, in both sexes without impres-
sions; antennae rather short, slightly thickened distally, their third
Joint shorter than the second, the fourth as broad as long, the middle ones
feebly, the next-last distinctly/ transverse, 1^ times as broad as long,

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(Page 196)
distal joint proportionately large and thick, the tip obliquely truncated.
Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, Is times as broad as long, with
rounded corners, slightly convex, with dense and extremely fine, scarcely
vicible punctation, with a transverse fovea posteriorly before scutellum
and sometimes a feeble groove in middle-line; elytra a little longer than
pronotum, very finely and densely punctated. The first four free dorsal
joints of abdomen densely and very finely , punctated, the following with
more isolated and still finer punctation; the fifth is much longer than
the fourth. L. 2-2.5 mm.

In the o the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen (Fig. 75) at tip deep-
ly and broadly semi-circularly incised, in the q most often less deeply
and more flatly, sometimes only slightly incurved. The next-last ventral
joint of the o is somewhat longer than in the <p , rounded off at tip, in
the o (?) very feebly emarginate; in both sexes the margin has a fringe
of snaall, fine, equally short hairs. The sexes are often difficult to sep-
arate.

Distributed everywhere in Europe and very common; in this country it

is frequent on all kinds of ground; also at and in ant hills.

101. H. cavifrons Sharp.

(Sharp Pev. Erit, Eom. 1869, 177; (ianglb. Kaf. M. II. 215. - anatis
Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 293).

Sspecially closely allied to analls, and can only be definitely sepa-
rated from this species by the sex-characters of the d.

In the (S* the head is at middle broadly and distinctly impressed (in
analis it is convex), pronotum often with a broad longitudinal groove or
a feeble impression at middle, and the next-last ventral joint of abdomen

-332-

(Page 196)
(Fi;^ 76) considerably prolonged, the tip is broadly truncated and at mid-
dle of posterior margin with 6-10 rather long, black, tough bristles in
the edge. -The incision on the sixth tergite of the o is broader than in
the same sex of analls, and in the o often deeper thc;n same. L. £ mm.

Distributed on damp and semi -damp ground together with analis. but
not as common as this.

(Page 197)
102. H. soror Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 257; Sharp Pev. Brit. Horn. 178; 'Janglb. Kaf. M.
II, 215. - forcipata Muls. et Pey Brevip. 1875, 105).

Especially closely allied to and like analls, from which it (t. Sharp
and Sangelbauer) is separated by the following details:

It is ordinarily larger, most often darker of color, black, pitch-
black or pitch-brown with lighter abdominal tip; the antennae brown, their
base, and the legs brownish yellow.

Abdomen more densely punctated, and especially the fifth free dorsal
joint also more distinctly punctated than in analis. L. 2.5-2.8 mm.

In the O the head at middle more or less distinctly impressed or grooved.
Posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal Joint of abdomen with a deeper
rounded incision than in analis. This incision reaches to middle of the
tergite and divides this into two inwardly curved, obtuse lobes. The next-
last ventral Joint is considerably elongate, its posterior margin broadly
rounded off and at middle provided with 6-10 tough, black bristles as in
cavifrons. In the ^ the sixth free dorsal Joint slightly or scarcely in-
curved.

-333-

(Page 197)

Distributed throughout fjiiddle Europe and in South England. In this

country not heretofore definitely identified, but now and then confused

with large, dark specimens of analis.

36. Subgenus Jeostiba Thomson.

103. H. circellaris iravh.

(Jravh. Mon. 155; 2richs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 315; Jen. Spec. Staph. 98;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 326; Thorns, okand. Col. Ill, 104; Sharp Rev. Brit.
Horn. 160; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1875, 310; danglb. Kaf. U. II, 216).

An everywhere common, rather narrow and elongate, as a rule wingless
species, particularly distinguished by the very short, most often some-
what sunken elytra. (Fig. 77).

Reddish-brown or reddish yellow-brown, finely and sparsely haired,
rather feebly glistening; the head pitch-brown or pitch-black; abdomen
pitch-black, its tip and posterior margins of the foremost joints brownish
red-yellow; antennae brownish, their base, the mouth-parts and legs reddish-
yellov. ,

The head is narrower than pronotum, oval, with small, not protruding
eyes R'^d long temples, indistinctly punctated, rather convex and without
impressions; the antennae quite robust, somewhat thickened distally, their
third Joint almost as long as the second, the middle ones (4-6) feebly, the
the next-last (7-10) more strongly transverse and about twice as broad
as long, the distal joint about as long as the two preceding joints to-
gether, tapering. Pronotum as broad as long, very little narrower than
elytral base, posteriorly very feebly narrowing, with slightly rounded
sides and rounded off corners, slightly convex, very finely but sharply

-334-

(Page 198)
rather densely punctated, with a small transverse impression closely be-
fore tne middle of posterior margin, whereby this in the o is obtuse an-
jularly pressed out toward the scutellum, this impression in the o some-
times runs into a feeble longitudinal impression at middle. The elytra
are distinctly shorter than pronotum, broadest posteriorly, most often
slightly depressed, with rather robust and dense jranulate punctation,
in the ^with a slight impression on each side of scutellum; abdomen most
often feebly fusiform, its first three free dorsal joints finely and rath-
er densely punctated, the following almost smooth. First joint of hind
tarsi longer than the second. L. 3-3.5 ram.

In the ^ the fifth free dorsal joint at middle before posterior mar-
gin with a fine carina, and the sixth on middle of posterior margin with
two very small, sometimes indistinct folds.

Common all over and distributed on all kinds of ground; often with ants.

■Vinged p 2 occur, but seem very rare (Freerslev Hegn at Hiller;dd. 6,

07, 1 specimen, author).

37. Subgenus Ouslpalla Jos.

104. H. caesula Er.

(Erichs. 3en. Spec. Staph. 97; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 328; Sharp Pev. Erlt.
Kom. 159; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1875, 307; langlb. Kaf. M. II, 218.-
brachyptera Thoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 105).

A vary small, narrow, evenly broad and slightly depressed species
with small eyes and marginate temples and genae, furthermore easily iden-
tified by the very short elytra.

Black, rather glistening, especially finely and sparsely haired;

-336-

(Page 198)
the elytra are often, sometimes also pronotum and abdominal tip brownish;
antennae and mouth-parts reddish-brown or brownish-yellowi legs brownish
yellow.

The head is a little narrower than pronotum, broadest posteriorly and
feebly narrowing anteriorly, with small, scarcely protruding eyes and
rather long temples, slightly convex, with isolated and very fine, often
indistinct punctation; antennae as long as head and pronotum together,
feebly thickened distally, their third joint shorter than the second, the
middle ones feebly, the three next-last more strongly transverse and about
twice as broad as long, distal joint short and rather thick. Pronotum
almost broader than elytra, a little broader than long, with smoothly
rounded sides, flatly convex, with isolated and very fine punctation;

(Page 159)
elytra //^shorter than pronotum, densely and rather robustly punctated.
The first three free dorsal joints of abdomen with scattered and fine
punctation, the following almost smooth. L. l.£ mm.

In the o the next-last sternite is considerably elongate and broadly
rounded off at tip.

Distributed on high sandy ground, where it most often is found at
the root of plants: artemisia bushes, tufts of grass and the like, or
blown down into sand holes, but rare or very rare (Aalborg, Tisvilde,
M;tfen, t'alster et al.). Said also to be found with ants! Formica rufa,
Lasius niger and full;;inosus (Ganglb.). Middle and North Surope.

-336-

(Page 199)
38. Subgenus Oreostiba ianglb.
105. H. curtlpennls Sharp.

(Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 169, 173).

A small species, rather narrow and of even breadth, with small eyes
and rather long, immarginate temples, for the rest identified by propor-
tionately short elytra. In appearance it is somewhat like 11. gemina, but
the antennae and elytra are shorter.

Elack or blackish-brown, finely haired and somewhat glistening; the
elytra sometimes reddish-brown; antennae darkly brownish with lighter
base, mouth-parts and legs darkly or lighter brownish-yellow.

The head is narrower than pronotum, short roundly-oviform, with small,
scarcely prominent eyes and rather long, roundly widening temples, slightly
convex, with isolated and especially fine or indistinct punctation, in the
(5^ feebly grooved in middle-line; antennae as long as head and pronotum
together, rather robust, distinctly thickened distally, their third joint
shorter than the second, the three following (4-6) as long as broad, the
next-last distinctly transverse, ik times as broad as long, distal joint
as long as the two next-last joints together, tapering. Pronotum nearly
as broad as elytra, ik times as broad as long, with very feebly rounded
sides and scaraely narrowing posteriorly, very finely, densely punctated,
in the o convex, in the 5*v,ith a broad, posteriorly rather deep groove in
middle-line; elytra short, about as long as pronotum, densely and finely
punctated. The first three free dorsal joint of abdomen with fine and
rather dense, the following with scattered punctation. L. 2-2.5 mm.

-337-

(Page 199)
In the (?* the sixth free tepgite at tip broadly truncated; the next-
last sternite elongate and feebly narrowing.

It is known from Scotland and Finland. In this country it is found in
Sk^rplng forest south of Aalborg at the root of §rass-tufts and in the
mould at a water hole (4. 1891, auth.), and under similar conditions
numerously in the forest at Hillerirfd (10. C9, author).

(Page 200)
A closely allied species, H. tibialis Heer, which is distributed in
the mountainous regions of Central Europe and Scotland, belongs to this
subgenus, and has (cf. 'Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 219) some likeness to curti-
pennis Sharp. It is however somewhat larger, L. 2.5-3 mm.; the body is
deeply black, antennae and legs brownish, head and pronotum of the o
without distinct Impressions, slightly convex as in the o . Its occur-
rence in this country is hardly probable.

39. Subgenus Parameotica 5anglb.
106. H. complana Mannh.

(Mannh. Brach. 79; Janglb. Kaf. W. II, 228. - def ormis Kraatz Ins. ^.
II, 244; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 159).

Bvenly broad and rather flat, not unlike debilis Er. , but consider-
ably smaller and most often lighter of color.

Pitch-black or pitch-brown, finely haired and somewhat glistening;
pronotum and elytra yellowish-brown; tip of abdomen, often also posteri-
or margins of its foremost Joints reddish or brownish yellow; antennae,
mouth-parts and legs yellow.

-338-

(Page 200)

Head proportionately large, almost as broad as pronotum, rounded,
with long temples, twice as long as the small, not protruding eyes,
extremely or indistinctly punctated; antennae fully as long as head and
pronotum together, distinctly but not strongly thickened distally, their
third joint shorter than the second, the middle joints feebly, the next-
last more distinctly transverse, often amply 1^ times as broad as long,
distal joint short, tapering. Pronotum anteriorly about as broad as el-
ytra, l//:5 times as broad as long, very feebly narrowing posteriorly, v.ith
rather straight sides, very finely and not densely punctated, middle-line
slightly grooved or at middle v»ith a flat longitudinal impression (^)j
hair vestiture from middle laterad. Elytra li times as long as pronotum,
densely and very finely punctated; abdomen evenly broad, its first three
free dorsal joints with fine and rather isolated punctation, the two fol-
lowing more feebly punctated; the fifth free joint longer than the fourth.
The middle tibiae with an outstanding bristle above middle. L. 2.5 mm.

In the O the longitudinal grooves or impressions of pronotum most
often more distinct than in the p ; posterior margin of the sixth free
terglte is in the 5^ feebly rounded, in the o slightly emarginate, the
next-last sternite is in the o' longer and more broadly rounded off at
tip than in the o .

Cistributed in Midlle Europe and England, but everywhere very rare.
In Denmark heretofore only found a few times and singly: in compost in
Aalborg (5. 1892, author) and in mole's nests, North Zealand (6. 1909,
F.osent?erg).

-339-

(Page 201)

A smaller (L. 2 rani), very closely allied species, H. laticeps Thorns.
(pumila Kr.)» is found in Skaane (Thorns.). Tne antennae are shorter, but
the elytra longer than in complana, \'i's times as lonjj as pronotum. It
is distributed throughout middle Europe and might possibly be encounter-
ed in this country also.

Fifth Series.

The common character, which especially distinguishes and therefore
unites the species of this series is the elongate, slender antennae, of
which the middle and next-last Joints are longer than broad, as long as
broad or even in a very slight degree transverse. A few species such as
vilis 3r., terminalis 5ravh. and hypnorum Kiesw., in which the next-last
antennal joints are more distinctly transverse, show by the rest of their
appearance, that their most natural place here is in connection with
their closest relatives.

In most of the species the teljmples and genae are marginal either
entirely or at least posteriorly, only in subgenera Aloconotr., ilossula.
Hydro smecta and ^nypeta not at all. The eyes as a rule are normally
large, never very small as in the species of the fourth series. Pro-
notum most often as long as broad or only very feebly transverse; elytra
longer than pronotum; abdomen evenly broad, occasionally somewhat taper-
ing posteriorly (Aloconola) , its first fre dorsal Joints, rarely only the
first one (Dilacra), distinctly depressed at base. Middle-coxae are nar-
rowly separated in subgenera Pelurga and Liogluta, in the rest almost con-
tiguous, and tip of mesosternum reaches at least to middle between the

-340-

(Page 201)
coxae. In several subgenera (Aloconota. ?lopsula, Slsopora, Dacrila
and rnypeta) the first joint of hind tarsi somewhat elongate and distinct-
ly longer than the second. In subgenus Jrnypeta the first two-three ventral
joints of abdomen are transversally grooved at base, a peculiarity where-
by it deviates from the preceding subgenera and forms the connection *ith
the following genus Tachyusa. with which its species both in appearence
and mode of living have much in common.

40. Subgenus Eralica fiuls. et Pey.
107. H. vilis 3r.

(Srichs. Kaf. Mlc. Er. I, 325; Jen. Spec, Staph. 97; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 257; Sharp F;ev. Brit. Horn. 174; IJSuls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1875, 192; Janglb.
Kaf. i:. II, 220).

A very small, narrow and evenly broad species with rather slender
antennae, of which the outer joints are feebly transverse, it is furthen-
more especially recognized by the all over particularly fine, dense punc-
tation of the abdomen, and the feebly transversally grooved first joints,
of abdomen. It is somewhat similar both to H. ^emina and anal is. From
^emina it is easily separated by lesser size, antennal structure and the
denser punctation of the abdomen; from analis especially by form of head,
larger eyes and more slender antennae.

(Page 202)

Pitch-black, feebly glistening, very finely haired; elytra and often
also pronotum brownish; abdominal tip brownish-red or brownish yellow;
antennae darkly brownish or rust-red and scarcely lighter at base; mouth-
parts and legs yellow.

-341-

(Page 202)

The head is a little narrower than pronotum, rounded, with rather
large, scarcely protruding eyes, extremely finely and rather densely
punctated, at middle sometimes (O ) with slight flat depression; anten-
nae somewhat longer than head and pronotum together, very feebly thick-
ened distally, their third Joint shorter than the second, the fourth
small, about as long as broad, the middle ones very feebly, the next-
last a little more strongly transverse, distal joint oblong oval. Pro-
notum is nearly as broad as elytra, //^broader than long, with almost
straight or very feebly rounded sides, not narrowing posteriorly, slight-
ly convex, particularly finely and very densely punctated, most often
with a small, feeble transverse fovea before scutellum or a slight, flat
lor^tudinal impression at middle; elytra'/^ longer than pronotum and like
this especially finely and very densely punctated; abdomen entirely with
extremely fine and very dense punctation, its first two-three free dorsal
joints feebly or indistinctly depressed at base, the fifth considerably
longer than the fourth. First joint of hind tarsi a little longer than the
second, but much shorter than the last. L. 1.5-2 mm.

In the 3* head and pronotum most often slightly depressed at middle;
next-last ventral joint of abdomen slightly elongate and rounded off at
tip.

It is known from Middle Europe and England, and is also found in bkaane ,
In this country heretofore only found a few times and singly in Sjael-
land: at Poskilde, Losorup (5chi0dtts^ in a "Carex marsh", and in Freerslev
Hegn at Hlller;»d in a drained, semi-damp swamp-hole under leaves and at
the root of plants (9. 1907, 2 specimens, author).

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(Page 202)

41. Subgenus IJietaxya Muls. et Fey.

108. H. meridional Is iJiuls. et Rey.

Wuls. et Rey Op. Ent. II, 1853, 38; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 225; Muls et
Rey Brevip. 1875, 154; Sanglb. Kaf. M. II, 222, - cyrtonota Thorns. Skand.
>ol. Ill, 74. - littorea Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 109).

Closely related to the following species, but more convex and of dark-
er color; within the subgenus both recognized by the dense punctation of
abdomen.

Black, glistening, finely haired; elytra and tip of abdomen brownish;
antennal base, mouth-parts and legs reddish yellow.

The head is narrower than pronotum, rather convex, especially finely
and not very densely punctated; the antennae rather long and slender,
feebly thickened distally, their third joint a little shorter than the
second, the middle ones longer than broad, the next-last about as broad
as lonj, distal Joint oblong. Pronotum somewhat narrower than elytra,

(Page 203)
a little broader than long, with smoothly rounded sides, slightly convex,
especially finely and densely punctated, most often with a small, feeble
fovea posteriorly before scutellum, eonetimes also feebly grooved at mid-
dle-line; elytra I4 times as long as pronotum, together broader than long,
somewhat depressed, particularly finely and densely punctated; abdomen
entirely to the tip finely and densely punctated and less finely haired
than the forebody, more shiny; its fifth free dorsal joint distinctly lon-
ger than the fourth. L. 2.5 mm.

In the & the next-last sternile somewhat elongate and rounded off at
tip, in the o feebly incurved.

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(Page 203)

Distributed throughout the greater part of Europe at salt lakes and

ocean beaches. In Denmark heretofore found only in a few places on the

coast of Zealand, under seaweed (Amager, Vordingborg, Prof. Schi^dte,

Dr. Meinert).

1C9. K. marina Muls. et P.ey.

(Muls. et Pey Op. Ent. II, 1853. 39; Brevip. 1875, 158; CJanglb. Kaf.
M. II, 222. - imbecilla "'at. , Sharp Pev. Erit. Horn. 110.gr thlnobia Thorns.
Skand. Col. Ill, 73).

A flatly convez species, especially identifiable by long, slender,
entirely yellow antennae and by the punctation of abdomen; very closely
allied to meridlonalis Muls.. but more flat and lighter of color; longer
antennae and the posteriorly less dense punctation of abdomen.

Fitch-black or brownish-black, rather glistenit^g, finely haired; el-
ytra reddish-brown; abdominal tip broadly brownish-yellow; antennae en-
tirely yellowish-red; mouth-parts and legs yellov;.

The head is broacly roundly-oval, slightly narrowing anteriorly and
with almost flat eyes, a little narrower than pronotum, especially finely
and not densely punctated; antennae long and slender, not thickened to-
ward the tip. their third joint as long as the second, the fourth longer
than broad and a little shorter than the fifth, the middle and next-last
ones of equal length and almost of equal breadth, all longer than broad,
distal joint as long as the two preceding joints together, oblong-oval.
Fronotum very little narrower than elytra, a little broadei .than long,
anteriorly and posteriorly of same breadth, with smoothly rounded sides,
flatly convex, especially finely and rather densely punctated, often with
a feeble longitudinal impression at middle posteriorly; elytra a little

-344-

(Page 203)
longer than pronotum, flat, finely and densely punctated; abdomen finely
punctated to the tip, but the, foremost free dorsal joints a little more
densely and sharply punctated than the last; the fifth joint is distinct-
ly longer than the fourth. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the 5" the next-last ventral joint of abdomen somewhat elongate and
rounded off at tip, in the a distinctly and broadly incurved.

Distributed at salty water in Middle and North Europe; in this coun-
try rare or very rare, at the strand under seaweeds. (Aalborg, Ksbjerg;
Dyrborg, hyp and Asnaes; Kungsted et al.).

(Page 204)
110. H. gemina Sr.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 330; tJen. Spec. Staph. 112; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 255; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 275; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 172; V.uls.
et Rey Brevip. 1875, 179; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II, 224).

In appearance not unlike H. analis, but as a rule larger than even
the largest forms of this, with comparatively smaller, more rounded head,
larger eyes, longer antennae, and less densely punctated abdomen, also
differently formed sex-characters of the O^ .

Black or pitch-black, somewhat glistening, finely gray-haired; el-
ytra often, more rarely also the pronotum, brown; abdominal tip brownish-
yellow, antennae lighter or darker rust colored, their base, mouth-parts
and le^s reddish yellow.

The head, pronotum and elytra particularly finely shagreened in sur-
face, and therefore of somewhat moderate shine; the head proportionately
small, much narrower than pronotum, rounded, with rather large, scarcely

• 345-

(Page 2C4)
protrudinj eyes, isolated and particularly fine or indistinct punctation
and in the £ with a suggestion of a short groove, in the 3^ as a rule with
a distinct and longer groove in meiial line; the antennae rather long,
slender, very feebly thickened toward the tip, their third joint about
as long as the second, the fourth longer than broad, the middle ones very
feebly, the next-last somewhat more distinctly transverse, distal joint
long-oval. Fronotum very little narrower than elytra, about 1^ times as
broad as long, feebly narrowing anteriorly, with slightly rounded sides,
feebly convex, very densely and finely punctated, withia feeble, some-
times geminate-punctured transverse impression posteriorly before the
scutellum; elytra about //^ longer than pronotum, somewhat more distinct-
ly and densely punctated than this; first three free dorsal joints of
abdomen finely and not densely punctated, the following with very scat-
tered punctation, the fifth a little longer than the fourth. L. ?.-2.5 mm.

In the ff the next-last sternite somewhat elongate and roundly narrow-
ing.

On damp meadow and forest ground, at lake shores and water-courses

under the plant cover and in alluvium; distributed in all parts of our

country, but rare and rather local. North and Middle ?]urope.

111. H. Aubel Bris.

(Bris. Ann. Soc. Snt. Fr. 1860, 339; Sharp Pev. Brit. Horn. 171; :;anglb.
Kaf. M. II, 224. - breviceps Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 273).

Closely allied to, and In appearance not unlike a large H. gemina,
but as a rule considerably larger than this, v*lth broader head, Qietinct-
ly grooved head and pronotum, and with somewhat tapering, more densly punc-
tated abdomen.

-346-

(?a-e 2C4)

Black, somewhat :5listenini, finely haired; the elytra sometimes brown-
ish; antennae pitch-black or pitch-brown, their base, mouth-parts, and
legs brownish yellow. (Page 2C5)

The head is much narrower than pronotum, rounded, faintly roundly
widened posteriorly behind the rather large, scarcely protruding eyes,
with isolated and very fine punctation and with one, as a rule distinct,
sometimes abbreviated medial groove; antennae slender, their third joint
■48 long as the second, the fourth, fifth and sixth longer than broad, the
next-last feebly or not transverse, distal joint oval, tapering. Pro-
notum 1^ times as broad as long, posteriorly somewhat narrower than el-
ytra, feebly narrowing anteriorly, with slightly rounded sides, convex,
very finely, densely punctated, posteriorly before the scutellum with a
small transverse fovea and one from there issuing, more or less distinct
longitudinal groove in middle-line; the elytra about //j longer than pro-
notum, less finely, but fully as densely punctated as this; abdomen some-
what tapering posteriorly, its first three free dorsal joints densely and
very finely punctated, the two following with increasingly scattered and
less distinct punctation. L. 2.5-Z mm.

In the ^ the grooves of head and pronotum are more distinct than in
the Q ; the next-last ventral joint of abdomen is somewhat elongate and
rounded off at tip.

It is known from Middle Europe, England and Sweden; in Denmark it is
found on damp, marshy jround at Hillerrfd, especially in the autumn under
leaves and withered plants, now and then numerously (Author), also sing-
ly in alluvium at Furestf at al. in north Zealand.

-347-

(Page 205)

112. H« Islandlca Kr.

(Kraatz otett. Ent. Zeitg. XVIII, 1857, 284; Jan^lb. ?:af. K. II, 223.
- eremlta Bye, Sharp Eev. Brit. Horn. 16?).

Father broad and flatly convex; within the subgenus especially iden-
tified by a peculiarly broad pronotum, which in combination with the some-
what tapering abdomen, gives it some likeness to a very large H. fungi or
orbata.

Black or pitch-black, rather glistening, finely haired; elytra, pro-
notum and abdominal tip sometimes brownish; antennae and mouth-parts pitch-
black or brownish-red; legs brownish yellow with darker femora.

The head is broadly rounded, with scarcely protruding, rather small
eyes, much narrower than pronotum, with scattered and very fine or indis-
tinct punctation; antennae rather long and slender, their second and third
joints elongate, equally long or the third longest, the middle ones (4-7)
longer than broad, the next-last as long as broad, distal joint about as
long as the two preceding joints together, tapering. Pronotum as broad as
or sometimes even a little broader than elytra; li times as broad as long,
with anteriorly deflected and slightly rounded, posteriorly more straight
sides, very finely and rather densely punctated, with a small fovea poste-
riorly before the scutellum, and most often also a feeble medial groove
issuing from the fovea; elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, together
broader than long, finely and densely punctated; abdomen somewhat tapering

(Page 206)
posteriorly, its first three free dorsal joints finely and rather densely
punctated, the two following v^itu scattered and evanescent punctation.

L. 3-3.5 mm.

-348-

(Page 206)
In the 3^ the head at middle most often slightly impressed and the
longitudinal groove on pronotum more distinct than in the o J the ab-
dominal next-last ventral joint is elongate, somewhat narrowed and round-
ed off at tip.

A northern species, known especially from Scotland, Iceland, the
northern part of Norway and Finland. In this country only a few speci-
mens have heretofore been found at Hiller^d on damp forest and and boggy
ground under leaves (4. 1905-06. Auth.).

113. H. clavipes Sharp.
(Sharp Rev. Erit. Kom. 1869, 124. 5anglb. Kaf. M. II, 223).
Closely allied to H. elongatula, but larger and considerably more
robust, most often also darker in color; pronotum is broader and more
convex, elytra obviously shorter, and abdomen, especially posteriorly,
more densely punctated.

Black, glistening, finely haired; elytra and abdominal tip often brown-
ish; antennae pitch colored, their base, mouth-parts and legs brownish
yellow-red.

The head is rather broad, rounded, with normally large, slightly pro-
truding eyes, considerably narrower than pronotum, particularly finely
and rather densely punctated, most often with a short groove or a feeble
Impression at middle; antennae rather long and scarcely thickened dlstally,
their third joint a little shorter than the second, the four following
(4-7) longer than broad, the next-last as long as broad or feebly trans-
verse, distal joint oval, tapering. Pronotum as broad or nearly as broad

-34(9-

(Page 206'^
as elytra, and as lon^ as broad, hardly narrowing posteriorly, with smooith-
ly rounded, single bristle-haired sides, convex, particularly finely and
rather densely punctated, with" a small fovea posteriorly before scutel-
lum, and a feeble, sometimes indistinct longitudinal groove in middle-
line; elytra scarcely longer than pronotum, together fully as broad as
long, very finely and very densely punctated. The first three free dorsal
joints of abdomen with fine and dense, the two following more scattered,
but fully as distinct punctation. L. 3.5-4 mm.

In the 3' the next-last ventral joint of abdomen considerably elonga-
te, feebly narrowing, at tip broadly rounded off or slightly emarginate.

A highland and also northern species, especially distributed in the
Scottish Highlands and Finland, but also found in the mountainous regi-
ons of Pohemia, and in later years frequently found in this country, in
the northen part of Jutland on miry forest and meadow ground under leaves
and in alluvium, rarer In North Zealand (Berllemosen, HillerjJd et al.).
- Together with H. islandica. Aubei . curtiper.nis et al. it should apparent-
ly be included among the remnants of an older, subglacial insect fauna, of
which traces are found here and there in Jutland and North Sjaelland.

(Page 207)
114. H. hygrotopora Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 220; Sharp Pev. Brit. Horn. 120; Janglb. Kaf. V,. II,
225. - opacula Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 272. - hyjjrobla I/uls. et Fey Brivip.

Rather broad and robust, closely allied to H. elon,:atula, but consider-
ably broader, larger and more robuEt, as a rule also darker and the fore-
body more dully glistening; in combination with form and color recognized
by the sex-characters of the o^ .

-360-

(Page 207)

Black, finely haired; forebody with feeble or modulated and some-
what silky gloss, abdomen more glistening; elytra often darkly yellow-
brown; antennae pitch-black, their first joint, the mouth-parts and legs
brownish or reddish yellow.

Head, pronotum and elytra particularly finely shagreened in surface,
which in combination with the fine, rather dense ■^iir hair vestiture
gives the forebody a modulated silky gloss. The head is large and broad,
with rather large, somewhat protruding eyes, narrower than pronotum,
very finely and not densely punctated, at middle often (o^) with a feeble
fovea, or slightly depressed; the antennae rather slender, scarcely thick-
ened distally, their third joint scarcely shorter than the second, both
somewhat elongate, the fourth narrow, half as long as the third, and as
well as the fifth and sixth longer than broad, the following and next-last
(7-10) as long as broad, distal joint hardly twice as long as the tenth,
tapering. Pronotum is considerably narrower than the broad elytra, 1 »/3
times as, broad as long, scarcely narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly
very feebly rounded, posteriorly almost straight sides, flatly convex,
very finely and densely punctated, most often with a small fovea posteri-
orly before scutellum; elytra together broader than long, 1//? times as
long as pronotum, very densely and finely punctated. The first three free
dorsal joints of abdomen finely and rather densely punctated, the two fol-
lowing with sparse or simple punctation. L. 4-4.5 mm.

In the S' the first joint of the antennae somewhat thickened and to-
gether with the three following densely haired on the inner side. The

-351-

(207)

next-last ventral Joint of abdomen is considerably elongate, smoothly

tapering and with feebly rounded sides, rounded off at tip; it distinctly

reaches forward under the last tergite.

Distributed throughout the greater part of Europe. In Denmark it is

found in various parts of the country at water-courses, lake shores and

on the strand, under damp leaves and alluvium, often numerous; somewhat

local, but as a whole not rare.

115. H. elon,^8tula ^ravh.

(Gravh. Micr. 79; Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Er. I, 320; len. Spec. Staph. 8S
(in part); Kraatz Ins. D. II, 216; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 67; Sharp Rev.
Brit. Kom. 121; I.'uls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1875, 164; Janglb. Kaf. 'A. II, 225).

Very variable in size and color, but especially identified by the
elongate, slender, rather evenly broad and flatly convex form of the body,
antennal structure, and the sex-characters of the 3*. (Fig. 78).

(Page 208)

Black or pitch-black; rather glistening and finely haired; pronotum
often brownish; elytra reddish-brown, yellowish-brown or brown, most oft-
en darker at base, sometimes entirely pitch-brown; tip of abdomen brown-
ish or brownish-yellow; the antennae brownish, sometimes rust-red, their
base, mouth-parts and legs reddish yellow.

The head, pronotum and elytra extremely finely shagreened in surface
and therefore with somewhat modulated shine. The head is narrower than
pronotum, roundly oval, with normally large, scarcely protruding eyes,
convex, particularly finely and not densely punctated, sometimes with a
small, feeble fovea; antennae slender and rather long, scarcely thicken-
ed distally, their second ond third joints elongate, of same length or

-362-

(Page 203)
the third occasionally a little shorter than the second, the middle ones
longer than broad, the next-last (8-10) as lonj as broad or very feebly
transverse, all rather cylindrical, distal joint as long as the two pre-
ceding joints together, tapering. Pronotum a little narrower than el-
ytra, as lon^ as broad, scarcely narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly
slightly rounded, posteriorly almost straight sides, slightly convex,
especially finely, but not densely punctated, often with a feeble or on-
ly suggested small fovea posteriorly before the scutellum, sometimes
also with slight medial groove; elytra //^longer than pronotum, as lon^-
as their breadth together, very finely, densely punctated. The first three
free dorsal joints of abdomen with dense and fine, the two following with
scattered or sparse punctation. L. 2.5-4 ram.

In the S' the next-last ventral joint of abdomen much elongated, feeb-
ly narrowing and rather broadly rounded at tin; it reaches considerably
forward under the last dorsal joint, so that the tip is visiole from a-
bove. In the £ the posterior margin of the sixth free terglte at middle
most often slightly incurved.

Distributed in Europe on damp or serai-damp ground, and in this coun-
try very common everywhere; larger and smaller forms occur often separa-
te in spots.

116. H. malaaocera Thorns.

(Thoms. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Fb'rh. 1856, 94; Skand. Col. Ill, 69; Janglb.
Kaf. U. II, 226. - volans Scribe Stett. Entom. Ztj. 1859, 413; Sharp Fev.
Brit. Hom. 122; Muls. et Pey Bre''vip. 1875, 175. - hulophila Thoms. Skand.
3ol. Ill, 71).

A very variable species both in form, color end size, in its variable-

-353-

(Page 208)
*»ness characteristic in that, it is now closest to one, and now to an
other of the closely allied species (elon-:atula. terminalis, jyllenhali,
Aubel et al.)« Qrdinarily most like elon^^'axula. but with differently form-
ed antennae and sex-characters and shorter pronotum.

(Page 209)

Black, finely haired, with somewhat modulated gloss; the elytra and
abdominal tip often brownish; antennae pitch-black or pitch-brown with
unicolorous or somewhat lighter base; mouth-parts and legs brownish or
reddish yellow.

Head, pronotum and elytra especially finely shagreened in surface
and due to this of modulated shine; the head a little narrower than pro-
notum, roundly oval, with rather large, scarcely protruding eyes, con-
vex, particularly finely and not densely punctated, at middle sometimes
with a short and fesble groove; antennae a little shorter and most often
also a little thinner than in elon,;atula, their third Joint definitely
shorter than the second, the middle ones (4-7) longer than broad, the
next-last (8-10) as long as broad or very feebly transverse, distinctly
obconical, distal joint oval, tapering. Pronotum somewhat narrower than
elytra, a little shorter than in elongatula, I4 times as broad as long,
feebly narrowing posteriorly, and with anteriorly slightly rounded sides
with single outstanding side-bristles, slightly convex, particularly fine-
ly and rather densely punctated and with a small transverse fovea posteri-
orly before scutellum, also sometimes slightly grooved at medial line;
elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, together about as broad as lon^,

.354.

(Page 209)
very finely and densely punctated. The first three free dorsal joints of
abdomen with fine and rather dense, the tv.o following with scattered and
more feeble punctation. Middle tibiae as a rule with a rather robust out-
standing bristle at middle, hind tibiae viith a finer bristle. L. P.5-4 mm.

In the ^ the next-lajt ventral joint of abdomen somewhat elongate, but
not as strongly as in el on^atula, slightly narrowing and at tip broadly
rounded off; it does not extend distinctly from under the abdominal tip.
In the 9 the sixth free dorsal joint at tip not incurved.

A.Tong deviating forms two must especially be noted:

V&r. a.. Smaller than the type form, especially considerably narrower
and more evenly broad; antennae and legs most often lighter, the former
brownish-yellow, the latter yellow; pronotum narrower end more distinctly
narrowing posteriorly; the first three free dorsal joints of abdomen some-
what more densely punctated.

Var. b. Larger than the type, and with lighter elytra, abdominal tip,
antennae and legs.

The different forms are connected by intermediates and do not always
permit for exact division. The type form is distributed all over in this
country, and commonly on damp or swampy forest or meadov, ground, frequent
in alluvium at brooks, lakes etc. Variety &_ is seemingly more common than
variety Jj; both occur sometimes separate, Eometlmes mingled with the type
form.

117. H. terminalis iJravh.
(iravn. ijlon. 160; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 219; Muls. et Key Bre'vip. 1875,

-355-

(Page 210)
168; ^an^^lb. Kaf. M. II, 227. - ,^rlsea Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1S52, 137).

In regard to size, color, entennal strength etc. very variable, most
closely allied to elogjiatula; like this it is slencler and elongate, but
more convex and cylindrical, with smaller and narrower head than same,
and with more robust antennae, and longer elytra, and thereby easily iden-
tified within the subgenus.

Black or pitch-black, glistening, finely gray-haired; pronotum often
pilch-brown, and the elytra as a rule reddish-brown or brownish, occasi-
onally yellowish-brown, last joint of abdomen and posterior margins of
the rest of the joints most often yellowish-brown; antennae pitch-brown
or reddish-brown, their base, the mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellow.

Head, pronotum and elytra at surface extremely finely shagreened and
thereby with somewhat modulated shine. The head is rather small, oval,
with very feebly protruding eyes, which are a little shorter than the
temples, slightly convex, with extremely fine, isolated punctation and
often with a feeble, short groove at middle; antennae rather long, more
or less slender, and more or less thickened dlstally, always more robust
than in elon-^atula, sometimes remarkably robust, their third joint short-
er than the second, middle ones sometimes as long as broad or longer,
sometimes feebly transverse, the next-last most often distinctly broader
than lonj, distal joint thick, obtuse at tip. Pronotum is a little nar-
rower than elytra, as lonj as broad, not narrowing posteriorly, with slight-
ly rounded sides anteriorly, convex, particularly finely, densely punc-
tated and with a small feeble transverse fovea posteriorly before the ecu-
tellum, and moat often with a dislincv, komatliMB entire longitudinal groove

-366-

(Pa^e 210)
at middle-line; elytra fully //^ longer than pronotum, longer than in elon-
^atula, very finely end densely punctated, abdomen evenly broad, its first
three free dorsal segments densely and finely punctated, the fourth less
densely, the fifth with isolated punctation and longer than the fourth.
L. 3-4 mm.

In the ^ the next-last sternite somewhat elongate and rounded off at
tip; in the Q the posterior margin of the sixth tergite more rounded than
in the 3^ .

Among the deviating forms a very narrow variation is especially noted,
smaller and darker than the type, and with remarkably robust antennae,
which are strongly thickened distally.

On swampy meadow and forest ground, distributed, but rather rare; the
narrow variation very rare (forest swamps at Hillerod, author). The spe-
cies is distributed in Middle ;!;urope, also found in Skaane, but not in
England.

118. H. Jyllenhali Thorns.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, S4 ; Skand. Col. Ill, f6; Janglb. Kaf.
'li.. II, 227. - londinensis Sharp Kev. Brit. Hom. 118).

X5uch like H. elon.^atula. and like this slender, elongate and feebly

convex, but larger and more robust then even the largest forms of same;

(Page 211)
the antennae are less slender, their outer joints broader and more coni-
cal; the sex-characters of the ^ are differently formed, wnlcn orings it
somewhat closer to lur idipennis.

Black or pitch-black, feebly glistening, finely grayish-yellow hair-
ed; pronotum often reddish-brown; elytra reddish yellow-brown; darker at

•357.

(?8he 211)
base; tip of abdomen more or less broadly, and sometimes also posterior
margins of its joints reddish-yellov. ; antennae pitch colored, their base,
mouth-parts and legs reddish yellow.

Both forebodjf and abdomen are extremely finely shagreened in surface
and therefore feebly ^listenin^. The heaa is narrower than pronotum, broad-
ly oval, with normally large, feebly protruding eyes, convex, very finely
and not densely punctated, at middle sometimes short grooved; antennae
rather long and slender, feebly thickened distally, their second and third
joints elongate, of same length, the middle ones (4-6) longer than broad,
thi next-last feebly transverse, obconic, distal joint long-oval, taper-
ing. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, as long as broad, not narrov. -
ing posteriorly, with feebly rounded sides bearing single outstanding brist-
les, slightly convex, especially finely, densely punctated and with a fine
more or less distinct longitudinal groove in middle-line; elytra //? long-
er than pronotum, very finely and very densely punctated. The first three
free dorsal joints of abdomen finely and densely punctated, the two fol-
lowing with scattered or sparse punotation, the fifth longer than the fourth.
L. 4-4.5 mm.

In the 3^ the next-last ventral joint of abdomen considerably elongate
and tapering, the tip itself truncated and flatly emarginate. In the o
the posterior margins of the same joint and of the sixth free dorsal joint
rounded off.

On damp meadow and forest ground; distributed throughout North and
Middle Europe; rather rare and local in this country (Aalborg, Sk^rping

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(Page 211)

Holme; Dravid forest at Lj^gumkloster, Trelde, (iaabense, Hillerpd et al.)»

4 2. Subgenus Felur=;a Muls. et P.ey.

119. H. lurldipennis L!annh.

(r»;annh. Brach. 77; Kraatz. Ins. D. II, 221; Sharp Tev. Brit. Horn. 117;
Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 586; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 227. - producta Muls. .
Thorns. Skand. :ol. Ill, 66).

A robust, rather evenly broad, somewhat flat species, of same size ae
the preceding and most closely related tc this, but most often broader
and with distiadtly separated middle-coxae; otherwise identified by the
brownish-yellov. color of elytra and the peculiar sex-charaoters of the o .

Blsck or pitch-black, feebly or dully glistening, finely haired; pro-
notum often pitch-brown, sometimes reddish-brown; elytra brownish yellow;
tip of abdomen and often also the posterior margins of the rest of the
joints brownish or reddish yellow; antennae pitch colored, their base,
mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellow.

(Page 212)

The forebody particularly finely and densely shagreened in surface
and due to this of dull shine; the head broad, a little narrower than pro-
notum with feebly protruding eyes, very finely and rather densely punc-
tated, at middle often (5^) flatly impressed; antennae rather long and
robust, slightly thickened toward the tip, their second and third Joints
elongate, of same length, the fourth longer than broad, the middle ones
as long as broad, the next-last feebly transverse, distal Joint about as
long as the two preceding joints together, tapering. Pronotum a little
narrower than elytra, \'l'3 times as broad as long, oroadly s^juare, with

-359-

(Page 212)
feebly rounded, single bristle-haired sides, flatly convex, especially
finely, densely punctated, often with a feeble icapression posteriorly
before scutellum, sometimes also with feeble medial groove; elytra //j
longer than pronotum, together broader than long, very finely and densely
punctated; abdomen glistening, its first three free dorsal joints finely
and rather densely punctated, the fourth with scattered, the fifth sparse
and indistinct punctation, longer than the fourth, L. 4-4.5 mm.

In the ^ the next-last ventral joint of abdomen strongly prolonged
and strongly upwardly curved, the sides incised and therefore narrowed,
Xha tip itself broadly truncated and emarginate; in the ^ the same joint
only feebly elongate, rounded off at tip. Posterior margin of the sixth
free dorsal joint in both sexes feebly incurved at middle.

On damp forest or meadow ground, at watering places and brooks and

like places, distributed in North and Mid'He Europe; rather rare in this

country, but found in diverse parts of the country, mostly singly.

43. Subgenus Thinobaena Thoras.

12C. H. vestltft jravh.

(Oravh. Mon. 140; Erichs. CJen. Spec. Staph. 84; Kraatz. Ins. D. II,
208; Sharp Pev. Brit. Horn. 126; Muls. et Fey Er^vlp. 1R73, 557; 'ianglb.
Kaf. M. II, 170.- guis^iuiliarum Thoms. Skand. c;ol. Ill, £9).

In appearance and form most like H.elongatula, but often considerably
larger and more robust, and with shorter, leas slender antennae, also more
sparsely punctated, more glistening abdomen, of which the fifth free dor-
sal Joint is scarcely longer than the fourth; among the r^loeest allied
species furthermore identified especially by the rather coarse punctation
of the head, and the posteriorly narrowing form of pronotum.

-360-

(Pa^e 212)

Black, rather glistening, finely gray-haired; elytra and often also
the abdominal tip brov.n; antennae brown or pitch-brown, their base, raoutfa-
parts and le^s reddish-yellow.

The forebody is extremely finely shagreened; the head a little narrow-
er than pronotum, oval, with large, out not protruding eyes, convex, the
sides with rather coarse and isolated punctation, et middle impunctate;

(Page 213)
the antennae quite robust, feebly thickened distally, their second and
third joints elongate, about of same length, the fourth and fifth a little
longer than broad, the following and the next-last a little increasingly
feebly transverse (^ ) or about as long as broad (3*), distal joint oval,
tip obtuse. The pronotum considerably narrower than elytra, anteriorly as
broad as long, distinctly narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly feebly
rounded sides, slightly convex, with neither dense nor fine, but more or
less distinct punctation, medial line often slightly grooved; elytra //^
longer than pronotum, somewhat more densely and finely punctated than
this, densely grayish-glistening haired; abdomen glistening, its first
three free dorsal joints with fine and scattered punctation, the two fol-
lowing almost smooth and about of same length. On hind tarsi the claws
are somewhat longer than in closely allied species of same size. L. 3.5-
4 mm.

In the O the next-last ventral Joint of abdomen somewhat elongate
and rounded off at tip; in the p posterior margin of same Joint slightly
incurved at middle.

-361-

(Pa^'e 213)
A strand species; very common especially on sandy beaches under sea-
weed, distributed at our coasts, and at those of our neighbouring coun-
tries.

The rather coarse punctation which is found on the head of H. vestita,
also occurs characteristically in H. atricilla and puncticeps, likewise
in Aleochara ^qrisea, algarum and obscurella. and is seemingly character-
istic for strand species, which live on sandy .ground. That the claws of
hind tarsi in these and other strand species are ordinarily rather lonj
and robust, may apparently be associated with their .habitat on sand and
under seaweed, now and then subjected to bein^ washed away.
44. Subgenus Me^^ista Muls. et Rey.
121. H. graminicola )revh.

(".ravh. Mon. 176; Erichs. Kaf. fflc. Br. I, 316; vJen. Spec. Staph. 81;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 212; Thomp. Skand. Col. Ill, 62; Sharp Pev. Erit. Horn.
137; wuls. et Pey Ere'vip. 1873, £92; ^anglb. Kaf. L'.. II, 170. - Var.
brunneiaennls Thorns, "^kand. Col. Ill, 6E).

A peculiar, black species with slender antennae and rather narrow pro-
notum, distinguished and especially recognized by the scabrous-granulate
elytra and other sex-characters of the ff .

black, finely gray-haired, rather strongly glistening; elytra in the
"o" dull, sometimes with feeble grayish-green reflection; antennae pitch
black or pitchy brownish, often lighter at base, legs brownish-yellow
with darker femora.

The head (Fig. 79) is narrower than pronotum, roundly oval, witl- feeb-
ly protruding eyes, very finely ind not densely punctated, in the j^ con-
vex and often short grooved at middle. In tht <5^ flatly impresfed at middle;

-568-

(Page 213)
the antennae rather long and slender, bristle-haired, scarcely thickened
distally, their third joint a little longer than the second, the middle
ones longer than broad, -(Page 214)- the next-last in the O at least as
long as broad, in the o longer, the distal joint tapering; temples and
^enae marginate. Pronotum is considerably narrower than elytra, fully
IZ/i times as broad as long, feebly or not narrowing posteriorly, but
slightly rounded anteriorly, posteriorly more straight sides with singly
outstanding bristles, slightly convex, very finely and not densely punc-
tated, with a transverse fovea, and most often with a short, sometimes
{o) longer and more distinct impression posteriorly before scutellumj
the elytra '^''j longer than pronotum, jn the o with dense and rather fine
scabrous punctation, in the o^ much coarser, nubby or granulate scabrous
punctation and thereby dull. Abdomen strongly glistening, its first three
free dorsal joints with fine and rather scattered, the fourth and fifth
very sparse punctation, the sixth feebly ( jf } or more strongly (o) gran-
ulate punctate; the fifth is a little longer than the fourth. L. 4-4. Emm.

In the ^ the sixth free dorsal Joint of abdomen with rather dense and
robust granulate punctation and dully glisteninj, the tip truncated, broad-
ly emarginate and very finely serrate; the next-last ventral joint consi-
derably prolonged, tapering, the tip Itself most often obtuse angularly
emarginate (Fig. 80).

In a variety, brunneipennis Thorns., the elytra are brown, antennal base,
and legs yellow-rod or reddish yellow.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe; in this country rather frequent

.363-

(Page 214)

on damp ground, both in and outside of woods; var. brunneipennis is very

rare.

45. Subgenus Lio'luta Thorns.

122. H. vicina Steph.

(Steph. 111. Irit. V, 116; Sharp Pev. Brit. Horn. 133; Ganglb. Kaf. M.
II, 172. - umbonata Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 82; Kraatz, Ins. D. II, 209;
Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 56; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1873, 616).

About of same size and form as graminicola, but a little more flatly
convex and with somewhat shorter, less slender antennae, especially rec-
ognized by the color of elytra and antennae, and by the peculiarities
of the sex-characters of the 6 •

(Page 215)

Deeply black, finely haired, rather strongly glistening; elytra at
middle brownish yellow, at base, suture and on sides black or brownish
black; antennae and mouth-parts entirely black; legs bro'.\nlsh yellow
with darker femora.

The head is narrower than pronotum, roundly oval, with rather large,
slightly protruding eyes; fine and very isolated punctatlon, smooth at
middle, strongly glistening; the antennae rather slender, feebly thicken-
ed dlstally, their second and third joints of same length, the fourth
longer than broad, the following and the next-last Joints of same length
and increasingly, feebly transverse, distal Joint as long as the two next-
last joints together, taperlnj. Pronotum is considerably narrower than
elytra, //J* broader than long, with smoothly rounded sides, end not nar-
rowing posteriorly, slightly cotrvex, with fine and isolated punctatlon,

-364-

(Page 215)
the surface feebly shagreened, most often with a feeble transverse fovea
posteriorly before scutellum, and sometimes with a feeble, flat impres-
sion at middle; elytra '/i# longer than pronotum, finely and rather densely
punctated; abdomen strongly glistening, its first three free dorsal Joints
vvith fine and very scattered, the two following very fine and simple punc-
tation, about of same length. L. 3.5-4 mm.

In the 5^ the first free dorsal joint of abdomen with a small sharp
granule at middle (Fig. 81), which occasionally also is found in the^;
the sixth is strongly granulate-punctate, the surface densely shagreened
dully glistening, its posterior margin obtuse-angularly truncated, with
a small, sometimes indistinct fold at each corner. In the o the next-
last ventral joint feebly rounded or slightly incurved.

Distributed throughout the greater part of Europe; in Lenmark it is

rather rare and local, on damp ground, also on the strand under seaweed.

122 a. H. microptera Thorns.

(Thorns. Sk^-nd. :;ol. IX, 256; Sanglb. Kaf. M. II, 172.- Letzneri Epp.
Stett. 2nt. Ztg. 1880, 285).

Ir appearance most like ^ranii;era, in tne form of sex-characters of
the 3^ agreeing more with vicina, from both of these and the rest of our
Liogluta species mainly separated by proportionately short elytra, only
as long as pronotum.

Black, glistening, very finely haired; pronotum often brownish-black;
elytra orown or yellowish-brown; antennae black or brownish, often with
reddish oase^ legs yellow.

-365-

(Page 216)

The head strongly glistenin;, narrower than pronotum, rounded, with
small, slightly protruding eyes, scattered and very fine punctation, at
middle indistinctly punctate; antennae rather long, feebly thickened dis-
tally, their third joint fully as long as the second, the fourth longer
than broad, the middle ones feebly, the next-last more distinctly trans-
verse, distal Joint as long as the tvko preceding joints together, obtuee-
ly tapering. Pronotum very little narrower than elytra, anteriorly round-
ded and posteriorly with rounded off hind corners, slightly convex, scat-
tered and very fine or indistinct punctation, the surface very feebly she-
greened, at middle posteriorly sometimes with a suggested (o) or with two
more distinct C^] longitudinal impressions, and before scutellum with a
feeble transverse fovea. The elytra are shorter than in any other related
species, scarcely longer than pronotum, very finely and not densely punc'«
tated, the surface feebly shagreened, sometimes with an oblique impressi-
on at middle posteriorly; abdomen evenly broad or somewhat broadened pos-
teriorly, with very fine and scattered, posteriorly sparse punctation.
L. 3.5-4 mm.

As in vicina the first free dorsal joint of abdomen in the ff with e
small granule at middle, and the sixth with more or less distinct granu-
late punctation, at tip broadly obtuse angularly truncated. The next-last
ventral Joint at tip slightly emarglnate.

An alpine and northern species, very rare in the mountainous regions
of Middle Europe and Sweden (Skaane, Stokholm} also Finland; in Denmark
heretofore found only singly at Silkeborg (10. 1904 Esb. Petersen) and

-36B-

(Page 216)

at Tisvilde (15. 5. 1910 Sngelhart). Like the closely allied species it

lives on damp, dark ground under moss, leaves, offal from reeds and the

like.

A very closely allied species, H. sexnotata Thorns. ( trigemina Spp. )

with lighter antennal base and (apparently) very similar sex-characters

in the ^ , is found in Finland and northern Norway, also found in Skaune

(Thorns. ) .

123. n. oblonga iir.

(2richs. ^en. Spec. Staph. 101; Kraatz Ins. C. II, 205; Janglb. Kaf.
M. II, 171, - ablon,::iuscula Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 130).

Closely allied to vicina, but with more unicolorous, brown elytra,
more coarsely punctated head and other sex-characters; somewhat variable.

Deeply black, rather glistening, finely haired; elytra brown or yel-
lowish-brown; antennae and mouth-parts entirely black or sometimes pitchy
brown; legs reddish or brownish yellow, often with a little darker femora.

Head, pronotum and elytra particularly finely shagreened in surface;

the head narrower than pronotum, roundly-oval, with scarcely protruding

eyes, in the d^ flatly depressed and rather coarsely, but not deeply, nor

densely punctated, in the ^ convex and with finer punctation; antennae

rather robust, however not strongly thickened toward tip, their third joint

as long as the second, in the o a little more robust than in the $ , the

fourth longer than broad, the middle and next-last ones about of same

^ (Paje 217) —
length, and these feebly transverse, distal joint twice as lonj as the

tenth, tapering. Pronotum is narrower than elytra, ''/^ broader than lon^.

.3*7-

(Page 217)
with smoothly rounded sides, not narrowing posteriorly, slightly convex,
finely, but not densely punctated, in the S^ often with a broad, flat long-
itudinal impression at middle posteriorly; elytra only a little longer
than pronotum, finely and not densely punctated; abdomen anteriorly with
fine and sparse, posteriorly simple punctation; its fourth and fifth free
dorsal joint of same length. L. 3.5-4 mm.

In the 3' the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen posteriorly evenly
truncated or feebly rounded and in margin indistinctly undulate-serrate.
The next-last ventral joint is a little longer than in the j^ and rounded
off at tip.

Distributed in Middle Europe, England and Finland; in Denmark rather

common on damp forest, meadov. and marshy ground under leaves and other

plant cover, also in alluvium at the brim of lakes and brooks. Light,

fully colored specimens with entirely brown antennae occur, but are rarer.

124. H. nitidula Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 211; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 64; Sharp Pev. Brit.
Horn. 129; Wuls. et Fey Bre'vip. 1873, 620; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 171).

Very closely allied to, and often so much like oblonga, that the spe-
cific differences are difficult to prove. In well marked forms of nitidula
the head and pronotum are more strongly glistening than in oblongo; the
head with finer punctation and not flatly depressed in the O , antennae
more slender and longer, pronotum more convex and a little longer, elytra
more densely punctated; as a rule somewhat larger.

Black, strongly -jlisteninj, finely haired; elytra pitch-brown or yel-
lowish-brown; antennae unicolorous black or brownish at base; legs brown-
ish-yellow, femora often darker.

-36fl-

(Pa^e 217)

Head and pronotum not shagreened and therefore strongly glistening';
the head narrower than pronot'im, roundly-oval, with scarcely protruding
ayes, convex, sparsely and very finely punctated; antennae rather long
and slender, hardly thickened distally, their second and third Joints
elongate, of same length, the middle ones (4-7) longer than broad, the
next-last about as broad as long, distal joint as long as the two pre-
ceding joints together, tapering. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra,
somewhat broader than long, not narrowing posteriorly, with smoothly
rounded sides, convex, finely or very finely and not densely punctated,
sometimes with a feeble transverse fovea posteriorly before scutellum;
elytra a little longer than pronotum, finely and densely punctated; ab-
dominal first three free dorsal .joints with fine and scattered, the t» o
following with simple punctation, of same length. L. 4-4.5 mm.

In the o the abdominal sex-characters same as in oblango, but most
often less distinctly developed.

(Page 218)

Distributed like oblongo and often together with same, but at most

places in this country more rare; sometimes found numerously with the

black ant, Lasius fuli^^inosus, however not inside the abode, but around

the base of it in soil and under leaves together with I'.yrmedonia laticollis

and other myrmecophile starhyllnids. It Is found in Skaane (Thorns.).

125. li. hjpnorum ^Ciesw.

(Kiesenw. Stett. Ent. Zeltg. 165C, 219; Kraatz Ins. C, II, 203; Thorns.
Skand. Col, IX, 265; Muls. at Hey Br^vip. 1873, 609; langlb. Kaf. M. II,
174.- eilvlcola Fuss, Sharp Pev. Brit. Horn. 132).

-360-

(Page 218)

A considerable, finely glistening species, especially distinguished
by robust antennae, of which the distal joint is peculiarly thick and
Ion?.

Black, strongly glistening, finely haired; elytra clear reddish-brovn
or yellowish-brown, at base around scutellum often darker, sometimes en-
tirely pitch-brown; antennae brownish, their base, mouth-parts and legs
reddish-yellow. In light animals the abdominal tip is most often brownish.

The head is considerably narrower than pronotum, roundly-oval, with
not protruding eyes, very finely and sparsely punctated; antennae long,
robust, distally peculiarly strongly, but gradually thickened, their third
joint a little longer than the second, the fourth most often a little long-
er than broad, the middle and next-last joints increasingly broader, so
that these become distinctly transverse; distal joint unusually large and
robust, longer than the two preceding joints together, tapering. Prono-
tum a little narrower than elytra, about /,^ broader than long, anteriorly
scarcely as broad as posteriorly, with feebly rounded side?, slightly con-
vex, very finely and not densely punctated and with a feeble transverse
impression posteriorly before the scutellum, and a more or less distinct
longitudinal groove at middle-line. The elytra a little longer than prono-
tum, finely and densely punctated, glistening, gray-helred. The first three
free dorsal joints of abdomen finely and not densely punctated, the two
following almost smooth, of same length. L. 4-4. fj mm.

In the ^ the next-last ventrnl joint of abdomen somewhat longer and
more tapering than in the Q , rounded off at tip.

-S7C-

(Page 218)

Distributed in North and Middle Europe; in this country very rare

and local, under leaves on wet forest (ground and in alluvium (Sk/tfrping

Holme, and Staovlund at Aalbor.;; BjiJllemosen at Copenhagen; on the strand

below Hammeren, Bornholm, et al.).

126. H. ^'rani-:era Kiesw.

(Kiesenw. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 185C, 218; Kraatz. Ins. D. II, 207; 5anglb.
Kaf. M. II, 173. - crassicornis (Jyllh. Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 56; Sharp
Rev. Brit. Horn. 135; Muls. et Ray Brevip. 1873, 600).

Closely allied ta the following species, pagane , but somewhat smaller
and darker of color, also with shorter antennae, of which the next-last
joints, are a little broader than long, further recognized by the sex-
characters of the o^ .

(Page 219)

Black or pitch-black, glistening, finely haired; pronotum sometimes
pitchy brownish; elytra brownish yellov;, darkly shaded around scutellum
and on the sides; tip of abdomen and posterior margins of its joints some-
times brownish; antennae pitch-biaok or pitch-brown with reddish -ye How
base; legs reddish yellow.

The head, pronotum and elytra very finely shagreened in surface; the
head more glistening than pronotum, narrower than this, roundly-oval,
with scarcely protrudinj eyes, rather coarse, very flat and not dense
punctation; antennae rather long, distinctly and smoothly thickened dls-
tally, their second fir.a third joints elongate and the third longer then
the second, the middle ones (4-6) longer than broad, the nexi-last a little
broader than long, distal Joint ne long as the two preceding Joints to-

-371-

(Page 219)
,2;ether, tapering. Pronotum is narrower than elytra, //^broader than lon^,
not narrowing posteriorly, vith anteriorly feebly rounded, posteriorly
more straight sides, slightly or flatly convez, with rather flat and not
dense punctation, but distinctly shagreened in surface, most often with
two more or less distinct larger punctures back of each other on each
side of the middle, and in the d^ as a rule N'lith a flat, sometimes double
longitudinal impression at middle posteriorly. Elytra a little longer than
pronotum, finely and rather densely punctated. The first three free dor-
sal joints of abdomen with scattered and vei-y fine, the two following with
sparse or simple punctation and of same length. L. 3.5-4 mm.

In the <D the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen with coarse granulate
punctation, the surface most often distinctly shagreened and therefore
with dull shine, its hindmost part somewhat flattened out and elongate,
posterior margin obtuse-angylar, and on each side bounded by a small, com-
ma-shaped dent (Fig. 82). In the ^ the next-last ventral joint at tip
either rounded off or feebly incurved.

Distributed throughout North and Middle Europe; in this country rare

and local, on forest ground under leaves, and fagot. (lestrup Forest and

3k|!frping Holme near Aalborgj Freerslev Hejn and several places around

Hlller0d, author).

127. H. pa;; ana Erichs.

(tirichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 83; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 206; Sharp Rev. Brit.
Horn. 136; Uuls. et Rey Br^vip. 187:^, 506; Janglb. Kaf. :/. II, 173. -arvicola
Thorns. 3kand. :;ol. Ill, 55).

One of our most considerable !omalota species, elongate and somewhat

'37fe»

(Paje 215)
flatly convex, closely related to .;r£ni:9ra. but larger and more robuet,
of lighter color and v.lth longer antennae, of which the next-last joints
are not broader than long; further reco^nizeable by the sex-charactere
of the ^ .

Pitch-black or pitch-brown, finely haired; forebody with feeble shine,
abdomen rather glistening; pronotum often reodish-brov.n; elytra brovdnish-

yellow; — (Page 22C)

tip of abdomen and posterior margins of its foremost joints reddish or
yellowish brown; antennae brown or rust-red, their base, mcuth-parts and
legs reddish-yellow.

Head, pronotum and elytra very finely shagreened in surface and there-
fore with feeble or dull shine; the head narrower than pronotum, broadly
rounded, with scarcely protruding eyes, rather robust and rather dense
punctation, in the o^ of tan slightly impressed at niidle; antennae lon^
and rather robust, scarcely thickened distally, ineir third joint lon-
ger than the second, both elongate, and in the o as well as the fourth
on inner side distinctly densely haired, the middle -ind nextlast ones
longer than broad, or the next-last in the j^ as broad as long, distal
joint as long as the two preceding joints together, long taperinf^. Pro-
notum is a little narrower than elytra, a little broader than long, scar-
cely narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly slightly rounded, posteriorly
more straight sides, with q few outstanding bristles, flatly convex, with
rather fine and dense, flat punctation, often v.lth a feeble longitudinal
impression in middle-line posteriorly; elytra a little longer than pro-

-373-

(Page 220)
notum , finely and densely punctaited; abdomen rather broad, its first
three free dorsal joints with fine and scattered punctation, the two
following almost smooth, end of same length. L. 4.5-5 mm.

In the ^ The sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen with robust granulate
punctation, the surface finely shagreened and due to this with dull shine;
the feebly thickened posterior margin is broadly rounded or almost straigth
and at each side with e small longitudinal fold (Fig. 83). The next-last
ventral joint in the c is elongate, tapering and rounded off at tip; in
the o more broadly rounded off.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe; in this country rare or rather

rare and local; in woods, parks and gardens under leaves, fagot and in

compost.

46. Subgenus Moconota Thorns.

128. H. insects Thorns.

(Thoms. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, 93; Skand. Col. Ill, 8; Sharp Pev.
Brit. Horn. 97; :Janglt. K»"f. M. II, 235).

A rather considerable speciOR with iramarginate temples and genae, pos-
teriorly narrowing pronotum and anteriorly densely punctated abdomen v.ith
sex-characters of the O about the same as in the following species, pavens.
but with longer elytra than this, and most often distinctly grooved head.

Pitch-black or darkly pitch-brovn, finely and rather densely yellow-
gray haired, modulated shine! ; tns elyiru and abaomlnal tip most often
brown; the antennae reddish-brown or rust colored with lighter base; max-
illary palpi and legs reddlph-yallow.

-374-

(Page 221)

Head, pronotura and elytra extremely finely shagreened in surface; the
head rather large, broadly rounded, v;ith sli^jhtly protruding eyes, nar-
rower than pronotum, convex, finely and densely punctated, with one, a?
a rule, distinct groove or elongate fovea at middle; the antennae long
and rather robust, somewhat thickened distally, their second and third
joints elongated, of same length, the middle ones distinctly longer than
broad, the next-last very feebly transverse, distal Joint twice as long
as the tenth, oblong-oval, tapering. Pronotum is much narrower than el-
ytra, as long as broad, posteriorly distlncly narrowing and with anteri-
orly rounded sides, slightly convex, with particularly fine, dense punc-
tation, and with a most often alstinct longitudinal groove at middle-
line, which anteriorly is not reaching to fore-margin , and posteriorly
ends in a small transverse fovea before the scutellum; elytra a little
longer than pronotum, broadest posteriorly, particularly finely and dense-
ly punctated; abdomen more glistening than the forebody, posteriorly dis-
tinctly tapering, Its first four free dorsal joints finely and densely
punctated, the fifth almost smooth and not longer than the fourth. First
three joints of hind tarsi are somewhat elongate and about of same length.
L. 4-4.5 mm.

In the o' the fifth free dorsal Joint of abdomen at middle posteriorly
with a fine, yet distinct carina, the sixth in posterior margin with four
small, occasionally somewhat indletinct teeth or spines. The next-last
ventral joint is somewhat elongate and rounded off at tip (Fig. 64).

Distributed In North and fUddle Europe; in this country rare or very

-376-

(Page 221)
rare; at the brims of lakes, ponds and brooks in damp alluvium. (K/Slske
Dam in Vendsyssel, LangesizC at Silkeborgj Fuglevad, Sjaelland et al.)-

129. H. pavens Srichs.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 689; ^en. Spec. Staph. 85; Kraatz Ins. '^.

II, 214; Sharp Rev. Brit. Horn. 98j Muls. et Bey Bre'vip. 1875, 220. -
sulcifrons Steph. (Janglb. Kaf. la. II, 235. - lissonura Thorns. Skand. Col.

III, 9.)

A little smaller than the preceding species, with shorter, compara-
tively more robust antennae and distinctly shorter elytra.

Pitch-black or ds^rkly pitchy brown; forebody very finely and rather
densely haired, with feeble silky gloss, abdomen more sparsely haired and
more glistening; pronotum sometimes brownish-red; elytra darker or light-
er brown; abdominal tip brownish-red; antennae brownish or rust-red, their
base, mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellow.

Head, pronotum and elytra especially finely shagreened in surface and
therefore with moderate shine; the head a little narrower than pronotum,
oval, with feebly protruding eyes, convex, densely and very finely punc-
tated, at middle soraetii.;es short and feebly grooved; antennae shorter
than in insecta, rather robust, but not strongly thickened distally, their

(Page 222)
»

second and third joints of same length, elongate, the fourth and fifth
longer than broad, the two following as long as broad, the next-last feeb-
ly transverse, distal joint oblong oval, tapering. Pronotum is narrower
than elytra, as broad as long, distinctly narrowing posteriorly, with an-
teriorly rounded sides, rather convex, eppeclally finely and densely punc-
tated, with u more or less distinct medial groove and a small transverse

•376-

(Page 222)
fovea posteriorly before scutellum; elytra not longer than pronotum,
more densely and distinctly punctated than this, not infrequently with
a punctated, oblique fold-groove across the outer hind corners. The first
four free dorsal joints of abdomen densely and finely punctated, the fifth
almost impunctate and smooth. First joint of hind tarsi a little more e-
longate than the two followin^J. L. 3r5-4 mm.

The sex-characters on abdominal tip of the ^ are formed about as in
insecta, but at times somewhat indistinct.

Eistributed in North and Middle EUrope; in Denmark rare and rather

local, on damp ground, at lake shores and brooks, in clay pits and like

places (K0lske Dam, Vendsyssel, Hobro, Silkeborg; Odense; at Esrom lake,

Lethraborg; Hasle strand et al.).

13C. II. cambrica "Voll.

('^ollast. Zool. 1855, App. 205; Sherp Pev. Brit. Hom. , 100; Janglb.
Kaf. M. II, 236. - velox Kraat?. Ins. D. II, 201; Muls. et Pay Br^vip.
1875, 212).

A slender species of fine structure, much narrower and smaller than
the two preceding, with finer antennae and longer elytra, also with some-
what differently shaped sex-characters in the o .

Pitch-black or pitch-brown, finely haired; the forebody rather dull,
abdomen somewhat glistening; elytra, tip of abdomen and most often also
posterior marglna of its joints brownish-yellow or brown; antennae brown
or brownish-red with lighter base; legs reddish -ye How.

Head, pronotum end elytra with extremely finely shagreonsd surface
and therefore dully glistening; the 'lead is a little narrower than prono-
tum, oval, with slightly protruding eyes, extremely finely or Indistinctly

-377-

(Page 222)
punctated, most often with a small, feeble fovea at middle; antennae long
and slender, scarcely thickened distally, their second and third joints
of same length, elongate, the middle joints (4-7) longer than broad, the
next-last not broader than long, distal joint oblong, hardly twice e.s
long as the next-last. Pronotum js narrower than elytra, as long as broad,
feebly narrowing nosteriorly, with anteriorly slightly rounded sides,
feebly convex, extremely finely and densely punctated and most often with
a small Iransverse fovea posteriorly before the scutellum; elytra nearly
ik times as long as pronotum, longer than their breadth together, partic-
ularly densely punctated. The first four free dorsal joints of abdomen
very finely and rather densely punctated, the fifth almost smooth, as
long as the fourth. L. 2.5-3 mm.

(Page 223)

In the o^ the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen at middle with a fine
carina, posterior margin of the sixth with four teeth or spines, of which
the two middle ones are blunt, more prominent and much larger than those
on the side, which are smfill and not infrequently indistinct (Fjg.85).
The sixth ventral joint is obtuse angular or rounded off in the O , more
rounded in the jo .

Very rare. In this country heretofore found only in a fe% places Dn
the islands, on damp boggy or woodland ground under leaves (Ililleriid,
Bamhusmosen near Copenljagan; K'yk^bing F.); distributed in Middle Europe,
Scotland and 'Vales, but not found in Sweden.

•378,

(Page 223)
^7. Sub^jenus Jlossula Fov.l.

131. H. -^re^aria Er.

(Erichs. ien. Spec. Staph. 87; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 215; Sharp Rev.
Brit. Horn. 126; Muls. et Fey Br^vip. 1875, 226; >anglb. Kaf. M. II, 233).
- Immunlta £rlchs. len. Spec. Staph. 916j Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 10)

Closely allied to the species of subgenus Aloconota, and like these
with immarginate temples and genae, but v.ithout sex-characters in the &
on the fifth and sixth free dorsal joints of abdomen; in appearance not
unlike H. elongatula, from vhlch it however without difficulty can be sep-
arated by the body's characteristic, fine silky-glistening, gray hair ves-
titure, more robust antennae, the finer and somewhat denser punctation
of abdomen, also by the longer first joint of the hind tarsi.

Black or pitch-black, very finely and rather densely gpay-haired, silky
modulated gloss; elytra pitch-brown or yellowish-brown; abdominal tip some-
times Crownish; antennae and mouth-parts brownish-red or brown; leg& brown-
ish yellow.

Head, pronotura and elytra particularly finely shagreened in surface
and threfore with modulated shine; the head rather large, a little narrow',-
er than pronotum, rounded, with feebly protruding eyes, indistinctly punc-
tated; antennae ^uite robust, distinctly thickened distally, their second
and third Joints elongate, of same length, the middle ones as long as broad,
the next-last feebly transverse, distal joint as long as the two preceding
joints together, obtuse tip. Pronotum narrower than elytra, about as long
as .broad, feebly narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly slightly rounded,
posteriorly more straight sides, feebly convex, especially finely And

-37&-

(Page 223)
densely punctated, most often with a more or less distinct, broad and
flat longitudinal impression at middle posteriorly; the elytra a little
longer than pronotum, very finely and densely punctated. The first three
free dorsal joints of abdomen very finely end densely punctated, the fourth
a little less densely, the fifth almost impunctate, as long as the fourth.
The first Joint of hind tarsi somewhat elongate and longer than the second.
L. 3-3.5 ?nm. (Page 224)

In the <? the impressions of pronotum ere more distinct than in the a
and the next-last ventral joint of abdomen a little prolonged and more taper-
ing than in this.

Distributed everywhere in North and Middle Europe; frequent in this

country, on all kinds of damp ground, often numerous in alluvium at ponds

and meadows.

48. Subgenus Disopora Thorns.

132. H. languida Sr.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 318; Jen. Spec. Staph, 86; Kraatz Ins. 2. II,
213; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 53; Sharp Pev. Drlt. Kotn. P5; Kuls. et Fey
Bre'vip. 1875, 205; >anglb. Kaf. M. II, 234).

Of same size as insec ta and somewhat like this and pavens, but v»ith
temples and genae marginate, more slender antennao, pronotun. scarcely nar-
rowing posteriorly, and not grooved at mlddl-^-line; also recognized by the
abdominal punctation, and the sex-characters of th-^ a .

Pitch-black, pitchy \jTO*n or reddish-brown, very finely and rather dense-
ly haired, moderatsly glistening; elytra, tip of abf'omen and posterior
margins of Its joints yellowieh-t-rown; antennae redciish-brown, thejr base
and the legs reddish-yellow.

-360-

(Page ,?24)

Head, pronotum and elytra extremely finely dnd densely shagreened in
the surface and therefore with feeble shine; the head (Fi^.P-o) consider-
ably narrower than prorotum, oval and broadest across the large, feebly
protrudln'^ eyes, particularly finely and densely punctated, convex, at
middle most often short grooved; the antennae long and slender, scarce-
ly thickened distally, their first three joints very elongate and about
of . same length, the middle ones (4-8) diptinctly longer than broad, the
two next-last ones scarcely as broad as long, distal Joint nearly as long
as the two preceding joints together, tapering. Pronotum much narrower
than elytra, as broad as long, hardly narrowing posteriorly, with anteri-
orly slightly rounded, posteriorly more straight sides, feebly convex,
particularly finely and very densely punctated, with a small transverse
fovea posteriorly before the scutellum; ely tr a //^ longer than pronotum,
very finely and densely punctated. The first four free dorsal joints of
abdomen especially finely and very densely punctated, the surface dense-
ly shagretned, feebly glistening, densely gray-htiired , the fifth vith
simple punctation less densely haired and more glistening, as long as the
fourth. First joint of hind tarsi a little longer then the second. L. ■i-4.5mm.

(Page 225)

In the 5' the fifth free dorsal Joint of abdomen at mldile with a small,,
sharp carina, posterior margin of the sixth with six or eight small teeth,
of which the two middle ones often are a little larger than the rest end
more obtuse, the next-last ventral joint is rounded off at tip. (f'ig.eea).

Distributed in North and Middle Liurope; in Denmark very local and rare,

-381-

(Page 225)
heretofore only found here and there in 'Zealand (Damhusmosen near Copen-
hagen, Frederiksdal, Hilleri^d, Lethrabort;, Lellinge) and at Odense.

49. Subgenus Hydro smecta Thorns.
133. H. lon.::ula Reer.

(Heer.Faun. Kelv. 234; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 13; Sharp Fev. Brit.
Horn. 105; (Janglb. Kaf. J.:. II, 232. - thinobioides Kraatz Ins. D. II, 228;
Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1875, 261).

A very small, narrow, evenly broad and somewhat flatly depressed spe-
cies with lon^;, slender antennae, and extremely finely and very densely
punatated abdomen; from E. vilis, which it somewhat resembles, it is par-
ticularly separated by finer antennae, larger head and longer elytra..

Black, very finely 6'ray-haired, feebly or dully glistening; elytra
most often brownish; antennae and maxillary palpi pitch-brown or brown
with a little lighter base; the legs brownish yellow, most often with
darker femora.

The head js large, about as broad as pronotum, with rather large,
scarcely protruding eyes, and posteriorly not narrowing temples, extre-
mely fine and very dense punctation, and with a more or less distinct
fovea or groove at middle; the antennae much longer than head and pro-
notum together, fine, filiform, their third Joint considerably shorter
than the second, the middle and next-last ones all e little longer than
broad, distal joint oval, fully as long as the tenth. Pronotum a little
narrower than elytra, as long as broad, scarcely narrowing posteriorly,
and with anteriorly very feebly rounded, posteriorly straight sides, ex-
tremely finely and densely punctated, and with a flat longitudinal im-

-381-

(Pa^e 225)
pression at middle; elytra I'/i times as long as pronotum and punctated
like this; abdomen all over with extremely fine and very dense puncta-
tion, dull, the fifth free dorsal joint much lonjjer than the fourth.
The first four joints of hina tarsi are all eo^ually short. L. 2-2.5 mm.

In the 3' the impressions on head and pronotum are more distinct than
in the o and the next-last ventral joint of abdomen slightly prolonged
and rounded off at tip.

Distributed in Middle Europe and England, also found in Skaane, on
sandy river and lake shores; in this country found only on the sandy
strand at Jedser under seaweed (Fabr. Ten^nagel) and numerously at Eerom
lake In alluvium (&/1910 ana 8/ 1911 author).

Very closely allied to H. loR,'Tula, and about of same form and size

is H. fra<ilis Kr. from Middle Europe ana Scotlan. The head is (t.Janijlb.)

a little shorter than in lon^ula^, the antennae longer, elytra likewise

— (Paje 226) —

longer, li times as long as pronotum, and abdomen especially posteriorly

less densely punctated, more glistening. - It lives at brooks and lake

shores, and may possibly also be found here, most likely in the southern

part of Denmark.

50. Subgenus Dilticra Thorns.

134. H. luteipes Sr.

(t,richs. Kaf. K'.k. Ex. I, 320; ien. Spec. Staph. 69; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 224; Ihom?. Skand. Col. Ill, 32; Sharp Rev. Brit. Hom. Ill; Vuls. et
Rey Brevip. 1875. 186; >ianglb. Kaf. U. II. 238).

A rather peculiar, somewhat fusiform tpecies, identifiable especial-
ly by the body's Oxypoda-fine punctation and silky glistening heir vesti-
ture, a small head, structure of antennae and pronotum, also that only

-383-

(Page 226)
the first free abdominal joint is distinctly depressed at base, and that
the first joint of hind tarsi is proportionately lon^. In appearance it
somewhat resembles an Oxypoda.

Black, particularly finely, rather densely haired, and with modulated
silky gloss; elytra brown, most often darker at base; antennae and max-
illary palpi pitch-black or pitch-brown with slightly lighter base; leg;
light reddish -ye How.

The heaa is rather small, considerably narrower th&n pronotum, roundly
oval, with feebly protruding eyes, convex, very finely and rather densely
punctated, with a small, in the o distinct, in the rt indistinct fovea at
middle; antennae long , slender, very feebly thickened distally, their
third joint almost as long as the second, tne fourth shorter than the fifth,
the middle ones longer than broad, the next-last as broad as long ($ )
or longer (w), distal joint oval, hardly twice as long as the tenth.
Pronotum is narrower than elytra, about as uroad as lonj, with slightly
rounded sides and scarcely narrowing posteriorly, convex, very densely
and finely punctated, without medial groove, but with a small, often very
feeble transverse fovea posteriorly before scutellum; the elytra a little
longer than pronotum, -* little more densely and distinctly punctated than
this; abdomen somewhat tapering posteriorly and right to the tip with
especially fine, smooth and very dense punctatlon; only its first free
dorsal joint is distinctly transverse-grooved depressed at base, and the
fifth is much longer than the fourth. The first two joints of hind tai si
are rather elongate and the first auout ij limes as long as the second.
L. 2.5-3 mm.

-384-

(Page 226)

In the O the next-last ventral joint of abdomen somewhat elongated

and rounded off at tip, in the ^ distinctly emarginate.

On meadov/ and marshy ground, distributed throughout the greater part

of Europe; rather rare in this country, most often found in North Sjaelland.

(Page 227)

51. Subgenus Dacrila Kuls. et Rey.

135. H. fallax Kraatz.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 227; Sharp Fev. Erit. Hom. 116; Muls. et Rey Bre-
vin. 1875, 189; Janglb. Kaf. U.. II, 236).

A peculiar species, rather evenly broad, with an Oxypoda-like fine,
dense punctation and silky-jlistening gray hair-vesti ture, only the first
free dorsal Joint of abdomen distinctly depressed at base; furthermore
recognized by the structure of antennae and pronotum, and the proportio-
nately long first joint of hind tarsi.

Black, dully glistening, densely silky gray-haired; elytra brown or
yellowish-brown; antennae and maxillary palpi rust colored, the former
with lighter base; legs light reddish-yellow.

The entire dorsum of the body with extremely fine and dense shagreen-
like punctation and due to this and in connection with the dense gray
hair vestiture of dull gloss; the head very little narrower than prono-
tum, rather large, roundly widened back of the feebly protruding eyes;
antennae rather slender, scarcely thickened distally, their third joint
distinctly shorter than the second, the middle ones considerably, the next-
last a little longer than broad, the distal Joint rather long, abruptly
tapering from the middle. Pronotum about as broai as elytra, a little

-585-

(Ps^e 227)
broader than long, scarcely narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly very
feebly rounded, posteriorly more straight sides, slightly convex, with a
small ' tran aver 8<i fovea posteriorly before the scutellum, and one, from
this issuing more or less distinct longitudinal groove in middle-line;
the elytra a little lonjer than pronotum, their posterior margin inside
the outer corners feebly incurved. Only the first free dorsal joint of
abdomen distinctly transverse-grooved depressed at base, the fifth much
longer than the fourth. Firfct joint of hind tarsi proportionately long,
at least 1^ times as long as the second. L. 2.5 mm.

In the O the longitudinal groove of pronotum is mere distinct than
in the O ; the next-last ventral joint of abdomen is somewhat elongate
and narrower than in the Q , rounded off at tip.

Distributed in Middle 3urope and England; very rare in this country.

It prefers ocean beaches, but Is also found on darap meadow or boggy ground

inlands. (Aalborg at the fjord, Tranum Strand, Iravlev Enge; Jedser, Bre-

mersvold, Loll.; Demhusmose near Copenhagen).

52. Subgenus 'jnypeta Thorns.

136. H. carbonaria Mannh,

(t/annh. Brach. 75; »anglb. Kaf. i/i. II, 242. - labiljs Erlchs. Kaf, LIk,
Br. I, 699; Jen. Spec. Staph. 8fl; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 226; Thome. Skand.
Col. Ill, 7; Sharp Rev, Erit. Horn, et Rey Lre'vjp. 1875, 373).

(Page 228)

A strongly glistening species, which somewhat deviates from the other

Homalota species, and in appearance and mode of living strongly approaches

several species of the following genus, Tachyusa, with which it, as well

-366-

(Pacje 228)
as the rest of the species of the subgenus, also have this in common, that
the first three ventral joints of abdomen are transverse-grooved Impres-
sed at base.

Grlisteninj black, finely silky-sheen ^ray-haired; the elytra some-
times brownish; antennae pitch-brownish, sometimes lighter at base; the
legs pitch-black with reddish-yellow knees and tarsi or brov.nish-yellow
with darker femora, rarely entirely brownish or reddish yellow.

The head is somewhat narrower than pronotum .rather broad, with feeb-
ly protruding eyes, slightly convex, particularly finely and rather dense-
ly punctated, at middle often slightly impressed or feebly grooved; the
antennae rather long, slender, feebly thickened distally, their second
and third joints elongate, and the third most often distinctly shorter
than the second, the middle ones longer than broad, the next-last as lorg
as broad or feebly transverse, distal joint oblong, tapering. Pronotum
much narrower than elytra, as broad as long, narrowing a little posteriorly,
with anteriorly feebly rounded, posteriorly straight sides, slightly con-
vex, very finely and i-ather densely punctated, with a small transverse
fovea composed of t^vo small foveae posteriorly before the scutellum, some-
times with feeble medial groove. The elytra are /^longer than pronotum,
very finely and densely punctated; abdomen densely and finely punctated,
its first three free dorsal Joints strongly depressed with transverse grooves
and the grooves more coarsely punctated, the fifth free dorsal joint long-
er than the fourth, ^irst joint of hind tarsi somewhat longer than the
second, both rather elongate. L. c.b-3 mm.

-387-

(Page 228)

In the S the impressions or grooves of the head mor^ distinct than
in the Q \ the sixth ventral joint of abdomen is a little elongate, some-
what narrowing and rounded off at tip.

It varies in size, and color of the legs etc. A lar^e form with black
legs and bluish-black glistening forebody approaches the following species.

Common on muddy edges of lakes, ponds and brooks, most often in com-
pany with Tachyusa atra. and like this lively and agile running around in
the sunshine. The blue-black variety is rare.

137. H. ripicola Kiesw.

(Kiesw. Stett. Ent. Ztg. V, 1844, 317; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 227; L^uls.
et Key Bre'vip. 1875, 370; (Janglb. Kaf, M. II, 242.- carbonaria Sharp Brit.
Hom. 114).

Very closely allied to carbonaria, but somewhat larger and of more ro-
bust structure, most often distinctly black-blue or black with bluish
reflection; antennae and legs bluish-black, tarsi brownish-yellow. The
head os as broad as pronotum, in the ^at middle broadly and deeply, in
the o more feebly impressed. The antennae are longer and more slender,
and the legs likewise distinctly longer than in carbonaria; the forebody
Is less finely, but much more densely punctated and less glistening than

— (Page 229) —
In this. L. 3-3.5 mm. (t. Janglb. and Sharp).

Distributed in J/lddle Europe and England on sandy liver-brlme, often
in company with Tachyusa leucopus Marsh (chalybaea Er.), which it resemb-
les in color. It ie not Improbable that it also may occur in this country,
but is however not heretofore denoted with certainty.

-388-

A'ry

SMITHSONIAN INSjnUTlON ^;BB*pS

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3 nh?nrQL596S7 6J65E19

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