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Joh. P. Johqnsen

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The ^^nni'^l' "Iot-o-,.- .^j.r'' q-nc^iRr; Of

'B'^'^TLI! F.yiLY ^^'T'.IPHYLiri'OA'S

Published UnHpF The Crrlr.oprf' Fund

Tr^n^l^tpd by Annott« H^nriksen

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Bianco Luno ' G Printin^f Honso
1914

^^^ MtisettlS

138, H. velata Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Er. I, 310; Iren. Spec. Staph. 69; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 226; Ivluls. et Rey Brevip. 1875, 377; (Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 242).

A little smaller and less glistening then carbonaria, as a rule with
lighter antennae and legs; furthermore the antennae are a little short-
er and more robust, and pronotum broader.

Black, modulated gloss; elytra often brownish; antennae brownish, their
base, mouth-parts and legs reddish yellov-.

The entire body is dorsally extremely finely and extremely densely
punctated, and with very dense grayish glistening hair vestiture; the
head distinctly narrower than pronotum, slightly convex, most often vjith
a small fovea at middle; the antennae rather short, feebly thickened dis-
tally, their third joint shorter than the second, the next-lest about 1^
times as broad as long, distal joint hardly as long as the two next-last
joints together, tapering. Pronotum is somewhat narrower than elytra,
nearly Ij^ times as broad as long, with anteriorly slightly rounded sides
and not narrowing posteriorly, slightly convex, with a feeble fovea pos-
teriorly before scutellum, and sometimes slightly grooved at middle-line;
the elytra about '^1? longer than pronotum; abdomen rather evenly broad, its
foremost dorsal joints somewhat more robustly punctated in the transverse
grooves than on the rest of the dorsal surface of the joints. L. 2.5 mm.
In the O the sixth ventral joint of abdomen is somewhat elongate and
rounded off at tip, in the p not elongate and triangularly incised at tip.
(t. Janglb.).

Like the two preceding species at ponds, lakes and brooks. Heretofore

-389-

(Paje 229)
not denoted in thl? country; but as it is distributed and not rare in the
entire Middle Europe, and found as far north as the vicinity of Hamburg,
it is not unlikely that it also may be found here, most probable in the
southmost parts of the country.

26. CJenus Erachyusa Euls. et Rey.
(Muls. et Fey Brevip. 1875, 351; ianglb, Kaf. V.. II, 240).
The sole species belonging to this genus, which by Erichson vas as-
signed to Homalota, but by Kraatz transferred to the following genus,
Tachyusa, is especially separated by, that the first joint of hind tarsi
is elongate, and as long as the three following joints together, and from

(Page 230)
Tachyusa by a shorter, broader, into the pronotum deeply embedded head,
large eyes, very short temples, a broad pronotura, and a strongly narrow-
ing abdomen, of v.hich the first three ventral joints are not (as in Tachyusa)
constricted at base.

To this genus only one Central European species, vjhich also occur in
Denmark.

1. B. concolor Kr.

(Srichs. lien. et.Spec. Staph. 126; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 155; 'JaxIs. et
Fey Brevip. 1875, 353; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 241).

A small species, in color and punctation most closely resembling
Tachyusa atra, but smaller, anteriorly proportionately broader and pos-
teriorly more narrowing, but otherwise especially recognized by the above
denoted characters.

Dull black, extremely short ana very dense grayish glistening hair

(Page 230)
vestiture; the legs pitch-brown with brownish-yellow knees and tarsi or
entirely brownish-yellow.

The body entire with extremely fine and dense punctation. The head
short and broad, however considerably narrower than pronotum, and imbed-
ded in this almost to the posterior raar=jin of the eyes; the eyes very
large and strongly protruding, the temples especially short; antennae
slender, not thickened distally, their third joint shorter and finer than
the second, the middle ones longer than broad, the next-last as long as
broad or longer. Pronotum ik times as broad as long, posteriorly almost
as broad as elytra and with anteriorly sliihtly rounded sides, feebly
convex, in the ^ at middle broadly and flatly longitudinally grooved;
elytra somewhat longer than pronotum; abdomen strongly tapering, its
first free dorsal Joint distinctly, the two following not distinctly de-
pressed at base. The legs long and slender and first joint of hind tarsi
as long as the three following joints together. L. 2-2.5 mm.

In the 5^ the sixth ventral joint of abdomen is very large, consider-
ably prolorfged, at tip broadly rounded off and the edge bristle-haired.

Very rare and local; in this country heretofore only found in few

numbers at Nykert)ing F. (Kmrhr. Fabritius- Tengnagel) on clayey, s\'^ampy

ground together with Tachyusa atra. It is distributed in Middle Europe

and found in southern England, but not in Sweden.

27. Genus Tachyusa Erichs.

(Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 3C7; Jen. Stec. Staph. 69; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
148; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 3, 4, 5; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1875, 383; Ganglb.
Kaf. M. II, 243).

-391-

(Page 230)

The species of this genus are somewhat differing in form end appear-
ance. 'Vhile some mostly resemble Homalota, others come closer to Calodera.
From the former they are separated, inter alia, by the longer first joint
of hind tarsi, from the latter especially by, that the fore-tarsi are 4-
jointed.

The body slender or very slender with differently shaped abdomen;

, — (Page 231) —
the head porrect, feebly constricted behind, the constricted part at least
half as broad as the head between the eyes; antennae fine and slender; the
eyes rather large and more or less protruding; the temples well developed,
rounded off, not marginate; maxillary palpi slender, their second and third
joints very elongate, the third longest, the fourth very small and spiculi-
form; labial palpi slender. In the rest of the mouth-part structure Tachyusa
comes close to Homalota.

Pronotum is most often distinctly narrower than elytra, as long as
broad or longer; elytra longer than pronotum, their posterior margin in-
side the outer corners incurved. Abdomen, which, v^hile the animals are
in lively motion as a rule is turned upwards, is slender, without side-
bristles, in some species rather of even breadth, in others strongly nar^
rowing anteriorly. Ordinarily are not only its first three free dorsal
joints distinctly transverse-grooved depressed at base, and in several
species furthermore notably elongate (Fig. 88), but also its two-three
first ventral joints are at base distinctly constricted (cf. Homalota,
subg. Jnypeta) . The legs are long and slender; fore-tarsi 4-jointed, the

-3S2-

(Page 231)
others 5-Jointed; first joint of hind tarsi lon-j, at least as lon^ as
the two followinji joints together.

Tachyusa species are lively, a^ile diurnal. They live on open, damp
ground at the brim of pools, lakes and watering-places, where they with
light, agile motions of antennae and abdomen run about in full sunshine.
Several species (such ae constricta, coarctata et al. ) make burrov^s in
sand banks, by moving the single grains of 'sand with the mouth-parts like
ants. As a rule they live in small flocks, often several species together
and often in company with other small Staphyiinids: Bledius, Stenus, and
ITomalota species et al.

In this country 6 species are heretofore found, which are distributed
in Middle Europe, partly also in North Europe. They can, principally by
the abdominal form, be divided into several subgenera.
Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. Abdomen strongly narrowing toward base (Fig. 88), its first three free

dorsal joints singly much longer than each of the two following:

3. Subgenus Tachyu sa s. str 5.

Abdomen evenly broad, or only feebly narrowing toward base or pos-
teriorly somewhat tapering; its first three free dorsal joints
singly scarcely longer than each of the two following 2.

2. Abdominal first three free dorsal joints rather strongly depressed

at base. Antennae feebly thickened distally. 2. Subgenus Ischno-

poda Thorns. 3.

Abdominal first two ,free dorsal joints rather distinctly, the third

-3S3-

(Pa^e 231)
feebly depressed at base. Antennae filiform, not thickened dis-
tally: 1. Subgenus Thinonoma Thorns.- Dull black. L. P..5-3 mm.
1. T. atra >ravh.

3. Antennae rather short, scarcely longer than head and pronotum to-

gether, their third joint shorter than the second. L. 3 mm..

4. T. scitula Er.

Antennae distinctly longer than head and pronotum together, their
third joint as long as the second 4.

4. Black, forebody with steel blue reflection. L. 3.5-4 mm

2. T. leucopus Marsh.

Pitch-black, forebody with metallic reflection. L.;3..5.mm

3. T. umbratica Sr.

(Page 232)

5. Abdominal third free dorsal joint shorter than the two following

joints together. The legs pitch-Lrown or reddish-brown with

reddish-yellow tarsi. L. 2.5-3 ram 5. T. coarctata Sr.

Abdominal third free dorsal joint as long as the following two joints

together. Legs entirely reddish-yellow. L. 3 mm. :6. T« constricta Er.

1. Subgenus Thinonoma Thorns.

1. T. atra CJravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 162; Erichs. Kaf. P.Tk. Br. I, 309; Gten. Spec. Staph. 73}
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 155; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 6; Muls. et Rey Brevip.
1875, 360; :Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 244).

Easily identified by the color and by very slender, fine antennae,

also by the posteriorly distinctly tapering abdomen.

-3S4-

(Page 232)
Dull black, with extremely fine and short, rather dense hair vestit'irej
the legs black or pitch-brown with reddish-yellow inner femora, knees and

tarsi.

The body is extremely finely and densely punctated or shagreened and
therefore with dull shine; the head nearly as broad as pronotum, posterJ-
orly feebly constricted; antennae long, filiform and not thickened distal-
ly, their third joint longer than the second, and all the following con-
siderably longer than broad. Pronotum fully as long as broad, much nar-
rower then elytra, with anteriorly rounded, posteriorly almost straight
sides, scarcely narrowing posteriorly, slightly convex and with a lon^'-
itudinal groove in middle-line, which is most distinct posteriorly; the
elytra a little longer than pronotum, slightly convex; abdomen posterior-
ly distinctly tapering, scarcely narrowing toward base, its third free
dorsal joint less distinctly depressed at base than the two first. L. 2.
5-3 mm.

In the O the sixth ventral joint of abdomen somewhat longer than in
the Q and the pronotal groove deeper.

Common everywhere at the brim of ponds, lakes and brooks, especially

on muddy ground.

2. Subgenus Ischnopoda Thoms.

2. T. leucopus Marsh.

(r/.arsh. Ent. Brit. 506; Cianglb. Kaf. M. II, 244. - flavitarsis Sahib.
Kraatz Ins. C. II, 153; f.luls. et Hey Bre'vip. 1875, 365. - chalybaea Srichs.
5en. Spec. Staph. 916; Thoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 5).

Our largest species, easily identified by evenly broad abdomen and the
bluish color of the forebody.

-395-

(Pa^-e 232)
Black, finely ^ray-haired, somewhat glistening; forebody with steel
blue gloss; antennae and knees pitch-bronn or reddish-brown; tarsi red-
dish-yellow.

The body dorsally very densely and very finely punctated; the head
porrect, about as broad as pronotum, somewhat constricted behind, at mid-
dle rather flat, often grooved (^); the antennae rather long, feebly
thickened distally, their third Joint as long as the second, the middle

(Page 233)

ones longer than broad, the next-last as long as broad (j^) or a little
longer than broad (^). Pronotum is somewhat narrower than elytra, as
long as broad, distinctly narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly rounded
sides, slightly convex, most often with a small fovea posteriorly before
the scutellum, and a more or less distinct longitudinal groove in middle-
line; elytra''/? longer than pronotum; abdomen evenly broad, its first three
free dorsal joints atrantfLy traQsverise^grooyed depressed «1 base. L. 3.5-4 mm.
In the ^ the grooves of head and pronotum are more distinct then in the
Q . Sixth ventral joint of abdomen is in the <y elongate and rounded dff at
tip, in the O emarginate.

On sandy margins of rivers and ponds; distributed in North and Middle
Europe; very rare in this country (Vang and Aalbaek in Vendsyssel, Jrejs-
dalen; Blykobbeaa, Bornholra et al.), but most often numerous where it is
found.

3. T. umbratica Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Er. I, 310; Jen. Spec. Staph. 73; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
154; Muls. et Key Brevip. 1875, 363; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 245).

-3$ 6-

(Pa^e 233)

Closely allied to leucopus, but a little smaller and more slender,
identified by evenly broad abdomen, and by the color.

Blaclc, or pitch-black, finely gray-haired, rather ^-listening; fore-
body most often with distinct metallic lustre; the elytra sometimes bro*-
ish; antennae brown or reddish-brown; legs pitch-brov.n with lighter tibi-
ae and yellow tarsi.

Dorsal side of body entirely with dense and particularly fine punc-
tation; the head (Fig. 87) hardly as broad as pronotura , porrect and some-
what constricted behind, in the 5^ at middle most often discinctly grooved;
antennae rather long and slender, very feebly thickened distally, their
second and third joints of same length, the following are all longer than
broad or the next-last (in^.) as broad as long. Pronotum narrower than
elytra, as long as broad, feebly narrowing posteriorly, with anteriorly
slightly rounded sides, slightly convex, often with feeble medial groove;
elytra //? longer than pronotum; abdomen about of even breadth, or sometimes
very feebly narrowed at base; its first three free dorsal Joints deeply
transverse-grooved depressed at base. L. 3.5 rmn.

(Page ;J34)

In the ^ the sixth ventral joint of abdomen somewhat elongate and at
tip rounded off; in the 5 its posterior margin is rather deeply incised.

Distributed in Middle Europe and England, but not found in Sweden;
in Denmark very rare and local; in clay pits, on sandy river brinks and
at ponds (Hobro, Jrejsdalen; Hjortholm and other places in ■=jaelland).

-397-

(Page ^34)

4. T. scitula Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Er. I, 308; 'Jen. Spec. Staph. 72; Kraatz Ins. T.
II, 153; Wluls. et Ray Brevip. 1875, 383; Oanglb. Kaf. M. II, 246).

Closely allied to the two preceding species, but v.ith shorter anten-
nae and anteriorly feebly narrowing abdomen is the intermediate to the
two following species.

Black, very finely and rather densely gray-haired, rather glistening;
the forebody often with feeble bluish lustre; the antennae i-^ddish -brown
with brownish-yellow base; lege pitch-black or pitch-brown with reddish-
yellow knees and tarsi.

The body is a little more convex than in the two preceding species;
forebody particularly finely and densely, the abdomen a little less dense-
ly punctated; the head a little narrower than pronotum, somewhat con-
stricted behind, porrect, at middle sometimes very feebly grooved; an-
tennae short, scarcely longer than head and pronotum together, distinctly
thickened distally, their third Joint shorter than the second, the four
next-last feebly, yet distinctly transverse, distal joint short, tip ob-
tuse. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, fully as long as broad, very
feebly narrowing posteriorly and anteriorly with slightly rounded sides,
conves, and posteriorly before scutellum most often with a small fovee;
elytra hardly longer than pronotum, evenly broad; base of abdomen notice-
ably narrowing in anterior direction, its first three free dorsal Joints
strongly transverse-grooved depressed at base. L. 3 mm.

In the "^ the next-last ventral Joint of abdomen somewhat elongate and
rounded off at tip; the head at middle feebly foveate or grooved.

-398-

(Page 524)

Distributed in Iwiddle Europe and England, but not found in Sweden;

very rare in this country on semi -damp on sandy or clayey banks (Hvorup,

Blokhus and Flauenskjold in Vendsyss*!, in irejsdalen together with leu-

copus, umbratica and constricta) .

3. Subgenus Tachyusa s. str.

5. T. Goarctata Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 308; Can. Spec. Staph. 71; Kraatz Ins. T>.
II. 15?; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 4; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1875, 397;
3anglb. Kaf. M. II, 247).

A little shorter and hardly as fine and slender as the following spe-
cies, but like this distinguished by the forwardly toward the base strong-
ly narrowing shape of abdomen and its peculiarly long first three free
dorsal joints.

Black, very finely gray-haired, rather glistening; forebody sometimes
with feeble bluish reflection; antennae reddish-brown with a little light-
er base; the lags pitch-brown or reddish-brown with reddish-yellov, tarsi.

— (Page ^5)

Forebody with particularly fine and very dense, abdomen v.ith much less
dense punctation; the head a little narrower than pronotum, porrect, feebly
constricted behind; antennae somewhat longer than head and pronotum to-
gether, very feebly thickened distally, their third joint shorter then
the second, the middle ones longer than broad, the next-last either as
long as broad (^) or feebly transverse (^), distal joint obtuse at tip.
Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, scarcely narrowing posteriorly,
with anteriorly very feebly rounded sides, as long as broad, convex, and

-396-

(Page aj5)
sometimes with a small feeble fovea posteriorly before the scutellum;
elytra ^-^ longer than pronotum, roundly narrowing posteriorly, convex,
their posterior .margin together broadly incurved, whereby the outer hind
corners become strongly prominent. Abdomen strongly narrowing anterior-
ly, its first three free dorsal joints elongate and singly considerably
longer than the fourth or fifth, but all three of equal length an:i very
strongly depressed at base, their hindmost part rather convex, very fine-
ly and not densely punctated, the two following joints more densely and
distinctly punctated. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the o the sixth ventral joint of abdomen elongate and rounded off
at tip.

Distributed throughout North and Middle j^urope. In this. country very

rare and local, at lakes and water-coarses or on damp sand banks (at Eam-

husso, CJopenhagen, at the Sound, at Maribo lake et al.).

6. T. constricta Br.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 307; len. Spec. Staph. 70; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
151; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 1; I/.uls. et Rey Brevip. 1875, 400; Janglb.
Kaf. U. II, 247).

Very slender and narrow, and easily identified by its anteriorly al-
most wasp-like narrowing abdomen and by the unicolorous yellow legs.
The first three free dorsal joints of abdomen are more strongly elongate
than in coarctata.

Black, very finely gray-haired, rather glisteniog, the forebody some-
times with feeble metallic lustre, antennae brownish, their base, the
mouth-parts and legs reddish yellow.

■400-

(Pase ai?5)
Forebody very finely, but not very densely punctated; abdomen anteri-
orly almost smooth, posteriorly rather densely punctated. The head (Fig. 38)
is as broad as pronotum, posteriorly roundly narrowing and distinctly
constricted; antennae rather short, distinctly thickened distally, their
third joint a little shorter than the second, the middle ones longer than
broad, the three next-last, especially in the ^ , feebly transverse, dis-
tal joint somewhat thickened, obtuse tip. Pronotum is narrower than el-
ytra, a little longer than broad, scarcely narrowing posteriorly, v.ith
anteriorly rounded off sides and corners, convex, sometimes with a feeble
small fovea posteriorly before scutellum; elytra \% times as long as pro-
notum, roundly narrowing posteriorly, convex, their mutual posterior mar-

— (Page 236) —
gin broadly incurved and the outer corners thereby becoming acute; abdom-
en peculiarly strongly narrowing anteriorly toward base, its first three
free dorsal joints strongly depressed at base, strongly and increasingly
elongate, so that the third becomes as long as or longer than the fourth
and fifth together. L. 5 mm.

In the O the sixth ventral joint of abdomen somewhat elongate and
rounded off at tip; in the q feebly emarginate at tip.

Distributed throughout North and Middle liurope. In Denmark very rare
and local; on damp sand banks and sandy rtver banks or like places, some-
times together with Stenus species, 3hilopora rublcunda and bledius speci-
es. (:Jrejsdalen, 3.. 93, at Lyngby lake 8. 88).

-4GI-

(Paje 236)

28. jenus Myrmecopora Saulcy.

(Saulcy Ann. Soc. Sntom. Fr. 1864, 42&; -ianglb. Kaf. I.I. II, 24£. -
Ilyusa Euls. et Bey Br^vip. 187c, 410, subg. Xenusa).

Closely related to Tachyusa, but with posteriorly more strongly con-
stricted head, of which the neck is only//j? as broad as the head between
the eyes. In this respect it is strongly approaching the following genus,
Fala.i^ria, in viihich the neck is still thinner.

The body is rather flat; the head porrect, with rather long temples,
more or less rounded-off temple corners, and often almost straight pos-
terior margin; temples and genae are immarginate; antennae rather slen-
der; pronotum narrower than elytra, posteriorly most often narrowing, its
fore-corners rounded-off deflected; the elytra evenly broad; first three
free dorsal joints of abdomen depressed at base; legs shorter or less
slender than in Tachyusa, and the first joint of hind tarsi about as long
as the three following joints together.

The main habitat of the species of this genus is South Europe, but two,

which live on the strand under seaweed, occur farther north, inter alia

in England, and one of these is also found in this country.

1. M. sulcata Kiesw.

(Kiesw. Stett. Ent. Zeitg. 1850, 218; Muls. et Rey Bre'vlp. 1875, 416;
■Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 251).

A small, rather evenly broad and flat species, in appearance somewhat
reminiscent of Homalota immersa.

Black, very finely grayr-haired, dully glistening; antennae and mouth-
parts brown or brownish-red; legs brownish yellow with darker femora.

-40S-

(Page 236)
The entire body densely and distinctly shagreened in surface and due
to this with dull or feeble shine; the head is large, as broad as prono-
tum, nearly square, with straight sides and posterior margin, also dis-
tinct, scarcely rounded off hind corners, strongly constricted behind

(Page 237)
forming a narrow, very short neck, Vi as broad as the head between the
eyes (best visible v.ith severed head), dorsally with flat, dense and rath-
er fine punctation, at middle often flatly longitudinally grooved (o);
the eyes about as long as temples and not protruding; antennae rather slen-
der, longer than head and pronotum together, scarcely thickened distally,
their third joint about as long as the second, thin at base, the fourth
and fifth as long as broad, the next-last Joints feebly, yet distinctly
transverse, distal joint tapering, oval. Pronotum is narrower than elytra,
as broad as long, distinctly narrowing posteriorly, with posteriorly al-
most straight, anteriorly strongly rounded sides and rounded off fore-
corners, flatly convex, very finely and densely punctated, at middle-line
in the <?* broadly and distinctly, in the ^ narrow and indistinctly grooved;
the elytra flat, evenly broad, i longer than pronotum, punctated like same;
abdomen rather evenly broad or very feebly narrowing anteriorly, rather
fine and isolated punctation, its first three free dorsal joints slight-
ly transverse-grooved depressed at base, the fifth shorter than the fourth.
The legs are rather short, the tarsi much shorter than the tibiae^ and
first joint of hind tarsi fully as long as the follov\ing two joints to-
gether. L. 2-2.5 mm.

-4G3-

(Pa^e 237)

On the strand under seaweed; it is here found on Dyrnaes at Faaborg
(23. 7. ISOO, School-superintendant N. P. J^z^rgensen, Odense), later in
Lyjz''. Ajernaes and at Bandholm (by same).

A very closely allied species, IjI. uvida Er. , is distributed along

the coast of South England and Vest "ji^urope. It is larger, 3 mm long,

lighter in color, pitch-black v.ith light rust-red antennae, mouth-parts

and legs, elytra sometimes brownish. Often found together with sulcata

(Fowler), and its occurrence here is not entirely improbable.

29. Jenus Falagria Mannh.

(Mannerh. Brach. 14; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 293; Gen. Spec. Staph.
48; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 32; Thorns. Skand. Gol. II, 297; I.:uls. et Eey Bre-
vip. 1875, 433; aanglb. Kaf. M. II, 255).

An easily identified genus, of which the most important characters
within the division are: the posteriorly very strongly constricted head,
the cordate pronotum, and the long first joint of hind tarsi. The strong-
ly constricted head and form of the body give these species some likeness
to Autalia in the follov.ing division, out is decisively separated from
this genus Ly, inter alia, that only the fore-tarsi are 4-jointed.

The head is proportionately large, rounded, free, posteriorly strong-
'ly neck-shaped constricted; the neck very thin, hardly i as broad as the
head between the eyes; the eyes rather large, not protruding; temples and
genae marginate; antennae rather robust and slightly thickened distally.

Pronotum more or less cordate, at middle-line often deeply grooved;

-^ (Page 238)

in several species the scutellum also with an enxire deep groove, of which

■404-

(Page 238)
the sides are sharply carinated. The elytra are convex, their posterior
margin straight and inside the outer corners hardly incurved. Abdomen
evenly broad or feebly narrowing anteriorly, its first three free dorsal
joints* strongly depressed at base; ventral side somewgat convex, the first
ventral joint longer than the follovving and more distinctly constricted
at base than the second and third joints. in running the abdomen is often
curved upv»ard. Ihe legs are sienaer; fore- (.aisi •*-joiuitiv-., the others 5-
jointed; first joint of hind tarsi as long as the three following joints
together. - Eemarkable or peculiar sex-characters on the next-last joint
of abdomen do not occur, but the impressions on pronotum are deeper and
more distinct in the 5" than in the ^ .

In this country 5 species are found, which are distributed in North
and Middle Europe. They prefer decaying plants in h^aps, cut some are
also found on the strand under seaweed, tin occasional one on more dry
ground in gravel pits. - They can be divided into three subgenera.
Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. Pronotal sides and posterior margin very finely Lounded. Elytra not

with fovea between scutellum anu humeri 2.

Pronotal sides and jjosterior margin not Lounded. Elytra with a small,
yet distinct fovea between scutellum and humeri: 3. Subgenus
Cardiola Muls. - Pronotum finely or indistinctly grooved. I. 2.5
mm S. F. obscura Jravh.

2. Scutellum sharply grooved (Fig. 89); pronotum deeply grooved: 1. Subg.

Falagria s. str 2.

-4C5-

(Page 238)

2. Scutellum not grooved: 2. Subgenus Anaultxcaspis Janglb 4.

3. Elytra distinctly lon^;er than pronotum, very finely and rather dense-

ly punctated. L. 2.6 ram 1. ¥• sulcata Payk.

Elytra not lon^jer than pronotum, vvith extremely fine ad very scat-
tered punctation. L. 2-2.5 mm 2. F. sulcatula iravh,

4. Pronotum rather deeply grooved, yellow-red. L. 2.5-3 mm

3. F. thoracia Curt,

Pronotum finely or indistinctly grooved and like the entire body
black. L. 2mm 4. F. ni^ra Jravh.

1. Subgenus Fala.^ria s. str.

1. F. sulcata Payk.

(Payk. Mon. Staph. 32; Erichs. ien. Spec. Staph. 4£; Kraatz Ins. T.
II, 34; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 297; Wuls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1875, 436; ianglb.
Kaf. M. II, 255).

Easily identified by the deep grooves of pronotum and scutellum, and
in regard to the following species by longer and somewhat more distinct-
ly punctated elytra.

Black or pitch-black, jlistenin-j, finely haired; elytra often brov.n;
antennae and mouth-parts brownish, the former most often lighter at base;
legs brownish yellow.

The head (Fig. 89) is as broad as pronotum, convex, with extremely
fine scattered punctation; antennae scarcely longer than head and pronotum
together, rather robust, but only feebly thickened distally, their third
joint about as long as the second, the next-last four a little broader
than long, distal joint oval, tip obtuse. Pronotum cordate, anteriorly

-406-

(Page 23 S)
as broad as long and considerably narrower than elytra, strongly narrow-
ing posteriorly, the sides and also posterior margin very finely margin-
ate, anteriorly very strongly rounded, dorsum convex, v.ith particularly
fine, isolated punctation, medial line strongly, especially posteriorly very
deeply grooved. Scutellum large, in its entire length deeply, sharp-mar-
gined grooved; elytra distinctly longer than pronotura, however shorter
than their breadth together, particularly fine, scattered punctation, sides
posteriorly feebly rounded; abdomen faintly narrowing toward base, anterior-
ly densely and finely, posteriorly very finely punctated. L. 2.5 mm.

Frequent in gardens, most often numerous in compost and at hot-house
boxes, more rarely in alluvium at lakes and brooks.

2. F. sulcatula Gravh.

(Jravh. ;.licr. 151; Erichs. 5en. Spec. Staph. 50; Kraatz Ins. T. II,
35; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 298; Muls. et Bey Brevip. 1875, 439; Ganglb.
Kaf. K. II, 256).

Very closely allied to sulcata, and like this with deeply grooved pro-
notum and sharp-grooved scutellum, but distinctly smaller, with shorter,
indistinctly punctated elytra and lighter legs.

Black or pitch-black, very finely, sparcely haired, strongly glisten-
ing; elytra most often brown; antennae pitch-black or pitch-brown with brov.n-
ish-yellow base, mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellow. - In teneral animals
forebody and abdomen are often brownish-red.

Head, pronotum and elytra with extremely fine or simple and indistinct
punctation, polished; the head as broad as pronotum; the antennae proporti-
onately more robust than in sulcata, and distinctly thickened distally;

-407-

(Pa^-e 239)
pronotum is narrower; -but especially is the elytra shorter than in the
preceding species, scarcely lon^-er than pronotum, shorter than their breadth
together, abdomen is not of even breadth, but feebly fusiform, broadest
across the third and fourth free dorsal Joints, punctation isolated and
fine. L. 2-2.5 mm.

Like the preceding species in compost, at hot-house boxes etc. and
often in company with same, but rarer, more frequent than this on beaches
under seaweed or on lake shores in alluvium. Sometimes very numerously in
compost. (Page 24C)

2. Subgenus Anaulacaspis Janglb.
3. F. thoracia CJurt.

(Curtis Brit. Kntom. X, pi. 462; Srichs. len. Spec. Staph. 52; Kraatz
Ins. '2. II, 34; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1875, 442; Janglb. Kaf. i;. II, 257).

A little larger than obscura, and easily identified by the color of
pronot'im.

Finely gray-haired, glistening; the head pitch-black or reddish-brown;
pronotum reddish-yellow; elytra brownish-yellow; abdomen pitch-brown or
pitch-black; the antennae reddish-brown, their base, mouth-parts and legs
reddish -yellow.

The head is as broad as pronotum, strongly glistening, extremely fine-
ly or indistinctly punctated; antennae robust, distinctly thickened dis-
tally, their third joint as long and as thick as the second, the middle
and next-last ones distinctly transverse, about of same length, distal
joint short, obtuse tapering. Pronot'im cordate, anteriorly strongly round-
ed, narrower than elytra, posteriorly strongly narrowing, dorsum convex,

-408-

(Page 240)
with particularly fine, isolated punctation, in middle-line especially
posteriorly deeply, but not entirely tjrooved, posterior margin and sides
finely margined; elytra longer than pronotum, with modulated shine, around
scutellum and together with this particularly densely and rather finely
punctated, posteriorly and on sides with much more scattered and finer punc-
tation; abdomen feebly fusiform, finely and rather densely punctated, pos-
teriorly a little more densely and distinctly punctated than anteriorly.
L. 2.5-3 mm.

Distributed in Middle Europe, but not found in Sweden; very rare in
Denmark, on the strand under seaweed and other alluvium (Nyminde at Fing-
kefbing Fjord; Hulerizfd and Refnaes in North Zealand, at Juldborgsund and
in llizien). In Middle Europe said to be found with Myrmica rubra.

4. F. nigra Jravh.

(aravh. Kicr. 75; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 2S6; Sen. Spec, Staph. 54;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 36; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 298; Muls. at Rey Brevip.
1875, 449; G^anglb. Kaf. M. II, 257).

A small species, considerably smaller than our other species, with in-
distinctly grooved, posteriorly finely margined pronotum.

Black or pitch-black, finely haired, glistening; elytra often brown
with yellowish-brown posterior margin; antennal base and mouth-parts brov.n-
ish; legs brownish yellow.

The head as broad as pronotum, very finely and not densely punctated;
antennae short, robust, distinctly thickened distally, their third Joint
shorter than the second, the middle and next-last (5-10) rather strongly
transverse, distal joint short oval. Pronotum is short cordate, narrower

-40«-

(Page 240)
than elytra, convex, finely and rather densely punctated, with a small
fovea posteriorly before scutelluia, and with fine or indistinct medial
groove, posterior margin distinctly bounded; elytra longer than pronotum,
together with the scutellum with fine, but more Isolated punctation than
this; abdomen feebly fusiform, punctation fine and scattered. L. 2 mm.

— (Page 241)

Distributed throughout North and Middle Europe, but not found in Eng-
land. Especially rare in this country; on sandy or gravelly ground, in
sand holes or gravel pits (Jilleleje; J^dvad at Silkeborg, vicinity of
S0nQerborg). According to Thomson not rare in Skaane in dry gravel pits.

3. Subgenus Oardiola Muls. et Fey.
5. F. obscura Jravh.

(iravh. Liicr. 74; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 2S5; uen. Spec. Staph. 54;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 35; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 298; Muls. et Eey Bre'vip.
1875, 455; CJanglb. K^f. M. II, 257).

From the preceding species especially separated by, that sides and pos-
terior margin of pronotum are immarginate, and that the elytra have a dis-
tinct, fovea-shaped impression inside the humeral angle. Pronotum is pos-
teriorly more strongly and more roundly narrowing than in any other species.

Feddish-brov.n or pitch-brown, finely haired, glistening; the elytra
most often of lighter color than the rest of the body, the head and the
next-last abdominal joints sometimes darker; antennae and mouth-parts brown-
ish-red; the legs reddish-yellow.

The head is as broad as pronotum, indistinctly punctated, polished,
on the vertex of the ^ impressed or broadly grooved; antennae rather ro-

-410-

(Pai^e 241)
bust, distinctly thickened distally, their third joint as long as the
second, the middle ones as long as broad, especially in the ^ , the next-
last rather strongly transverse, distal joint robust, oval, tapering.
Pronotum is much narrower than elytra, strongly cordate, v,ith anteriorly
strongly, posteriorly more feebly rounded sides, strongly convex, with
extremely fine and rather scattered punctation, in the Oat middle broad-
ly and flatly longitudinally grooved; sides and posterior margin not mar-
gined. Elytra scarcely /y longer than pronotum, shorter than their breadth
together, convex, with slightly rounded sides, with particularly fine,
isolated punctation and with a distinct, fovea-shaped impression between
humeri and scutellum; abdomen feebly fusiform, with entire dense and fine
punctation. L. 2.5 mm.

Distributed everywhere in Europe, and in this country numerous in com-
post and in the vjith bark mixed manure around hot-house boxes in gardens
and parks, more rarely in fungi.

3. Division bolitocharina.
The head not with snout-shaped prolongation; maxillary palpi rather
short, their second ^4. third Joints not unusually elongate. Fore- and
middle-tarsi 4-jointed; only the hind-tarsi E-jointed.

(Page 242)
Key to lienera.
1. Elytra each with two deep, elongate foveae on base. The head very strong-
ly neck-shaped constricted, the neck only //-r as broad as the head
30. Autalia Leach.

-411-

(Page 242)

1. Elytra without such foveae at base 2.

2. Fore- and middle-tibiae in outer margin strongly dentate, fossorial;

tarsi short 33. Phytosus Curt.

Tibiae not dentate 3.

3. Middle-coxae narrowly separated or contiguous. The head more or less

densely and finely, rarely indistinctly punctated 4.

- : Middle-tibiae:, rather:bEQai.dly- separated. Head sparsely or only punc-^
tated on sides, often polished. Eyes uost often remarkably large
(Fig. 95). Abdomen comparatively short and broad (Syrophaenina Seidl).
10.

4. Head rather strongly constricted behind, porrect, neck short, about

half as broad as the head (Fig91) 31. Bolitochara Eannh.

Head not or only feebly constricted behind, most often rather deeply
imbedded into pronotum, more rarely somewhat porrect 5.

5. Posterior margin of elytra (in our species) distinctly incurved.. 6.
Posterior margin inside outer corners not or insignificantly in-
curved S.

6. First joint of hind tarsi short, not longer than the second

34. Silusa Sr.

?irst Joint of hind tarsi somewhat elongate, about tv^ice as long as
the second '7.

7. Pronotum short and broad, at least as broad as elytra, inside hind

hind corners sometimes feebly incurved. Body rather broad and
flat 35. Zuryusa Kr.

-412-

(Page 242)

7. Pronotum (in our species) a little narrower than elytra. Body rather

narrow and elongate -52. Leptusa Kr.

8. First joint of hind tarsi elongate, as long as the three follov,ing

Joints together. The head much narrower than pronotum. :38. Placusa £r.
First joint of hind tarsi short, as long as or only very little

longer than the B^arsnd £•

9. Temples and genae mi^rginated. First three free dorsal joints of ab-

domen depressed at base ^6. Spipeda Muls.

Temples and genae not margined. First four free dorsal joints of ab-
domen depressed at base, the sixth at tip v-ith three acute spines
of which the middle one is longest (Fig. 93). Body flat and thin.
37. Ihectura Thorns.

10. Body strongly convex, somewhat rough-haired 41. Brachida Muls.

Body flatly convex, very finely and sparsely haired or naked, most

often variegated coloring H •

11. Pronotum narrower and shorter than elytra; head rather porrect...

39. v^yrophaena Mannh.

Pronotum about as broad and long as elytra; The head up to the eyes
imbedded in the pronotum. Abdomen fully as broad as elytra, con-
cave and curved upwardly 40. Encephalus Testw.

30. Oenus Autalia Uannh.

(I.;annh. Brach.' 1830, 14; Erichs. Kaf. Llk. Br. I, 291; J^en. Spec. Staph.
46; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 29; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 261; L.uls. et Pey Bre'vip.
1871, 31C; ianglb. Kaf. LI. II, 260).

The species of this, in several respects peculiar genus air* in appear-

-413-

(Page 242)
ance somewhat similar to Fala^ria Mannh. not only Ly the entire form of
the body, but especially on account of the free, posteriorly very strong-
ly constricted head. This is anteriorly as broad as pronotum or broader,
with convex, somewhat protruding eyes, back of these rounded off and con-
stricted into a very thin, knob-like neck, only/'/'S'as broad as the head.

(Pa-e 243)

Antennae rather robust, slightly thickened distally; temples and -;enae
not margined. Of the mouth-parts the tongue (Fi-j. 9C) especially remark-
able, both by its unusual length, and also that the tip is deeply cleft
into two narrow lobes, which each again are divided into two very fine
branches, of which the outmost curve strongly outwards. Labial palpi are
only rv.o-Jointed, inasmuch as the first two joints are connate forming
a considerably longer joint than the last.

Pronotum much narrower than elytra, scarcely narrowing posteriorly,
but from the middle forwardly strongly roundly narrowing toward the neck,
whereby the free position of the head is further emphasized, posterior
margin straight and hind corners almost rectangular, dorsum at middle pos-
teriorly with two sharp longitudinal grooves, one on each side of the me-
dial line, posteriorly connected by a transverse groove, outside of this
with a small, yet distinct fovea inside the corners. The elytra posterior-
ly somewhat ventose rounded intad toward base of abdomen, humeri rather
prominent; between these and scutellum each elytron at base with two elon-
gate foveae, a peculiarity not /occurring in any other of our Staphylinidae ,
and which strongly tends to give the Autalia species a certain likeness

•414-

(Page 243)
to Pselaphlds. Abdomen is broadest across the ,thira-f ourth free dorsal
joints, more or less narrowing anteriorly, its first three free dorsal
joints depressed at oase and the first tv.o v.ith a very fine carina-like
line; ventral side convex, the first three ventral joints impressed at
base; as a rule abdomen is curved strongly upward and forward in running
and at rest. The le^s are slender; fore- and middle-tarsi 4-jointed, hind
tarsi £-jointed, these first four joints short and of same length, togeth-
er scarcely longer than the claw-joint. Distinct sex-charaoters do not
occur.

The species live in fungi and rotting plant-matter. Of the £ Kuropean
species, which are known, 3 from North and Middle Europe; 2 are heretofore
found in this country, the third is not improbable and is included in the
following.

Key to Species.

1. Body predominantly yellow-red, raetathorax and the next-last abdominal

joints black. L. 2.5-3 mm 1. A. impressa Oliv.

Body black 2.

2. Fronotum indistinctly punctated, uith deep medial groove. L. 1.5-2

mm 2. A. rivularis Iravh.

Pronotum distinctly and rather densely punctated, v<ith a feeble, pos-
teriorly evanescent medial groove. L. 2.5 mm.: 3. A. puncticollis Sharp.

, — - (Page 244)

1. A. impressa Oliv.
(Oliv. 3ntom. Ill, 42; 3richs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 292; ien. Spec. Staph.

-415-

(Page 244)

47; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 31; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 261; Muls. et Pey Erevip.
1871, 313; CJan^lb. Kaf. M. II, 262).

In connection viith the generic characters this species is especially
identified by the color.

Fed or yellow-red, glistenin^^ very finely and sparcely haired; head,
metathorax and the next-last abdominal joints black; elytra most often
darkly reddish-brown; antennal base, mouth-parts and legs yellow-red.

The head is proportionately large, fully as broad as pronotum, polish-
ed and impunctate; antennae a little longer than head and pronotum togeth-
er, slightly thickened distally, their second and third joints of equal
length, the fourth longer than broad, the next-last four feebly transverse.
Pronotum almost only half as broad as elytra, as broad as long, convex,
polished, indistinctly punctate and with a very fine medial groove anteri-
orly; those in the generic description mentioned dorsal grooves reach to
the middle, from there feebly diverging forwardly. lilytra 1* times as long
as pronotum, posteriorly a little ventose, indistinctly punctated, polished,
each at base with t/.o distinct, elongate foveae; abdomen rather strongly
narrowing anteriorly, its foremost joints viith very fine and scattered,
the hindmost more distinct punctation. L. 2.5-3 mm.

Especially distributed in all our woodland regions, and in the autumn

often numerous in fungi.

2. A. rivularis iravh,

(iravh. Micr. 73; Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 293; den. Spec. Staph. 47;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 32; Thoms. Skand. 2ol. II, 261; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip.
1871, 316; .ranglb. Kaf. M. II, 262).

-416-

(Page 244)

Only half as large as impressa and of dark color, but the body of same
form.

Black, glistening, rather finely haired, along the sides somewhat rough-
haired; antennal base and mouth-parts brownish, legs brov.nish red-yellow.

Head as broad as pronotum, polished and not punctated; antennae slight-
ly more slender than in the preceding species, their next-last Joints hard-
ly transverse. Pronotum with simple and fiable punctation or almost impunc-
tate, and a rather deep medial groove, which posteriorly runs into the trans-
verse groove, its two dorsal grooves are robust and diverging forwardly,
the corner-f oveae deep and somewhjat elongate; elytra ih times as long as
pronotum , smooth, with distinct basal f oveae and a fine sutural groove;
abdomen feebly narrowing anteriorly, forwardly almost smooth, hindwardly
finely and sparsely punctated. L. 1.5-2 mm.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, but rare in this country; at

rotting plants, under dry cow-manure and sometimes in fungi.

(Page 245)

3. A. puncticollis Sharp.

(Sharp Transact. Entom. 1864, 45; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 204; Muls.
et Fey Brevip. 1371, 320; Janglb. Kaf. K. II, 262).

Of same size as impressa or a little smaller, but black like rivularis,
glistening, with rather long and dense, gray rough-hair vestiture; legs
brownish-yellow with darker femora.

Head very finely, pronotum distinctly and rather densely punctated,
its groove in middle-line feeble and posteriorly entirely evanescent, the
other grooves and the corner-f oveae same as in impressa. Elytra and ab-

-417-

(Page 245)

domen very finely, yet distinctly, rather densely punctated. L, 2.5 mm.

It is found in northern England, Scotland, Iceland, here and there in

Middle Europe especially in mountainous regions and (t. Thorns.) also in

Skaane. It is not impossible that it may be discovered in this country,

most likely in Bornholm. In the Scots' hii^hlands particularly found at

sheep-manure (Fo-.iiler).

31. Senus Bolitochara Llannh.

(Mannerh. Brachelytr. 75; Erichs. Ka'f. a. Br. I, 296; len. Spec. Staph.
57; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 36; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 272; Kuls. et P.ey Bre'vip.
1871, 194; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 262).

The body slender, yet robust, rather convex; head porrect, broadest a-
cross the somewhat protruding eyes, back of these roundly narrow/in^ -&«e-
and constricted behind forming a short, rather broad neck, about half as
broad as the head across the eyes; temples and -enae sharply marginate;
antennae robust, smoothly thickened distally; maxillary palpi rather long
and slender, their third Joint a little longer than the second, the last
finely, subuliform; the tongue narrow and long, cleft at tip; labial palpi
three-Jointed.

Pronotum much narrower than elytra, from middle forv\ardly narrowing
with strongly deflected, rounded fore-corners, scarcely narrowing posterior-
ly and with obtuse or almost rectangular hind-corners; elytra longer than
pronotum, rather convex, the sides feebly rounded with somewhat prominent
humeri and inflected bind corners, posterior margin inside these distinct-
ly incurved. Abdomen rather evenly broad or slightly narrowing posterior-
ly, its first four free dorsal Joints depressed at base, but the fourth

-413-

(Pa^e 245)
less distinctly so than three precedinj, the sides till over the middle
robustly marc^ined; ventral siae convex, and abdomen often carried slight-
ly curved upward, r'ro- and mesosternum each with a aistinct carina at
middle-line. Le^-s lon^ and slender} fore- and middle-tarsi 4-jointed, only
hind tarsi 5-jointed, and the first Joint of these as long as the follow-
ing two joints together. Sex-characters are often found in the e'en elytra
or on the next-last joints of abdomen.

The species live, as the name indicates, in fungi. From Middle and

(Page 246) —

North Europe 6 species are knov.n, of vahich 3 are heretofore found in this
country. Besides these 2 others are included here, vihich perhaps can yet
be encountered.

Key to Species.

1. Abdomen yellow-red or yellow-brovm, as a rule vjith a black or lari

band before the tip. Antennal distal joint yellow 2.

Abdomen and the antennal distal joint black or pitch-black; the fore-
most abdominal joints sometimes reddish-brown. L. 3.5 mm

5 . D. obliqua Er.

2. Neck of the head rather narrow, scarcely half as broad as the head at

its greatest diameter. L. 4.5-5 mm 1. 5. lucida 5ravh.

Neck broader, more than half as broad as the head at greatest diameter:3,

3. Head and pronotum reddish-brown. Elytra with a distinct impression. I.

4.5-5 mm 2. B. V.ulsanti Sharp.

Head black. Pronotum yellow-red. i^lytra without distinct impression. .. 4.

-4lS-

(Pa^e 246)
4. Head rather robustly, but not densely punctated. Blytra in ths O^ at

the suture posteriorly with a fine, yet distinct longitudinal ca-
rina. L. 4-4.5 mm 3. B. lunulata Payk.

Head coarsely and densely punctated. Elytra in the o^at suture poster-
iorly most often without distinct longitudinal carina. L. 3, £-4

mm 4 . B. bella Mark .

1. B. lucida Jravh.

(:}ravh. Micropt. 7C; Erichs. 5en. Spec. Staph. 58; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
38; r.'uls. et Rey Erevip. 1871, 198; IJanjlb. Kaf. M. II, 264).

Somewhat larger and darker than the ordinary lunulata. with narrower
neck, broader pronotum and more coarsely punctated elytra.

Brobnish-red or reddish-brown, somewhat jlistenin^, finely and sparse-
ly haired; the head darkly brown, pronotum often also darkly brownish;
elytra brownish-black, with a more or less extensive, obliquely inwardly
directed spot on humeri, and their posterior part at the suture brownish-
red; a band before the tip of abdomen brownish-black; antennae brownish,
their base and tip, mouth-parts and legs reddish or brownish yellow.

The head nearly as broad as pronotum, rather robustly, but not dense-
ly punctated, posteriorly strongly rounded narrowing and rather strongly
constricted, so that the neck is hardly half as broad as the head across
the eyes; antennae rather long and robust, thickened distally, their third
joint fully as long as the second, the fourth and fifth longer than broad,
the following and the next-last feebly increasing, but distinctly trans-
verse, distal joint tapering, as long as the two preceding Joints togeth-
er. Pronotum much narrower than elytra, somewhat broader than long, with

-420-

(Page 246)
sharp rectangular bind, corners, strongly rounded narrowing anteriorly, con-
vex, rather robustly and densely punctated and with a transverse fovea
posteriorly before scutellum; elytra '/j longer than pronotum, with robust
and dense scabrous punctation, slightly impressed around scutellum and
obliquely across the middle, whereby a feeble oblique fold originates from
the base nearest humeral callus inwardly toward hindmost part of the suture.
The transverse grooves of the first three free dorsal joints of abdomen
with robust and rather dense punctation, the rest with rather fine and
isolated punctation. L. 4.5-5 mm.

(Page 247)

In the iT the elytra posteriorly, along the hindmost part of the suture
with a loryitudinal carina, the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen at mid-
dle with a rather sharp longitudinal carina and the sixth with a finer one.

It lives in tree-fungi, but everywhere in North Europe rare and local.

In Denmark formerly found sparsely at Ry and Silkeborg (Schijadte) , but later

apparently not refound.

2. E. Mulsanti Sharp.

(Sharp Entom. Monthl. Mag. XII, 1375, 132; Janglb, Kaf. M. II, 264.-
elon^ata Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1871, 202).

Much like preceding species, of same size and color, out a little more
slender; the head less strongly constricted behind and the neck more than
half as broad as the head at greatest diameter, the eyes less protruding;
pronotum as well as the head with finer and less dense punctation; impres-
sions and punctation of the elytra same as in lucida. L. 4.5-5 mm.

-421-

(Page 247)
In the 0* the fifth free dorsal Joint with a longitudinal carina as in
lucida, but the sixth without carina.

Here and there in Middle Europe, also in Skaane; in this country here-
tofore only found singly at Teaming (Haderslev) in tree-fun^i (8, 1E03 and
1906. L. Andersen and J. /^naersen).

3. B. lunulata Payk.

(Payk. Mon. Staph. 58; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Er. I, 257; Jen. Spec. Staph.
58; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 39; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 273; -Janglb. Kaf. M. II,
264. - flavicollis Muls. et Bey Ere'vip. 1871, 206)

A slender species, especially identified by the color and sex-charac-
ters of the G .

Yellow-red, rather glistening and sparsely haired; the head and a more
or less extensive spot on the outer hind corners of elytra, also a trans-
verse band before the abdominal tip black or pitch-brown; antennae most
often brownish, their base, also distal joint and the legs reddish-yellow.

The head (Fig. £1) is rather large, not deeply nor densely puijctated,
roundly narrowed posteriorly, and constricted into a rather broad neck,
amply half as broad as the head across the eyes; these somewhat protruding;
antennae rather long and robust, their third joint longer than the second,
the middle and next-last ones increasingly transverse, so that these become

(Page 248)
about twice as broad as long; distal joint tapering, a little longer than
the two preceding joints together. Pronotum much narrower than elytra, an-
teriorly rounded and strongly narrowing, the sides posteriorly nearly straight
and the hind corners less sharply rectangular than in the two preceding spe-

422-

(Page 248)
-cies, dorsum convex, rather finely and densely punctated, v.ith a trans-
verse fovea or double fovea posteriorly before scutellumi elytra //j lon-
ger than pronotum, coarsely and densely punctated, anteriorly along the
suture in the o feebly, in the (S'more strongly impressed. Abdomen anteri-
orly, especially in the transverse grooves of the foremost dorsal joints,
robustly and densely punctated, posteriorly much finer and less densely
punctated. L. 4-4.5 mm.

In the ^ the elytra posteriorly along the suture with a fine carina,
the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen at middle a sharp carina, the sixth
with a very fine, often indistinct carina.

Common, especially in all our woodland regions in the autumn often
very numerous in fungi, especially Agaricus species. Distributed in the
entire Europe.

4. B. bella Mark.

(Mark. Jerm. Zeitschr. V, 1844, 2C9; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 39; Janglb. Kaf.
Vi. II, 265. - lunulata Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1871, 2C9).

From the preceding species, which it is like in color, it is separated
by the following details:

It is a little smaller and considerably narrower; the head sometimes
brownish-red, posteriorly less strongly narrowed, dorsally much more coarse-
ly and densely punctated; the antennae shorter and the outer joints some-
what more strongly transverse; pronotum posteriorly very little narrower than
elytra, and anteriorly not as strongly narrowing, hind corners somewhat more
sharply rectangular. - In the ^ the fine carina along the suture of elytra
posteriorly is often feeble, and the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen

-423-

(Pase 248)

with a fine carina, but the sixth without carina. L. 3.5-4 mm. (t. CJanglb.).

Its principal habitat is southern Middle Burope, and it is not found

in Denmark. Thomson (Skand. Ins. Coleopt. 44) refers to it as found in

Skaane, but it is most probable that E. bella Thorns. .^a-lK Mulsanti Sharp.

5. E. obliqua iir.

^Brichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 298; Gen. Spec. Staph. 59; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
40; KxilB. et Fey Erevip. 1871, 214; (Jan^lb. Kaf. M. II, 265).

Prom all precedin^j species it is easily separated especially by the color.

The head is black; pronotum darkly brov^n or reddish-brown; elytra brown-
ish-yellow or brownish-red with a mutual, black spot around scutellum, and
a large black spot on hind corners; abdomen pitch-black; posterior margins
of the foremost joints reddish-brown; antennae, including distal joint,
brownish-black, their base, mouth-parts, and legs brownish red,

(Page 249) —

Head rather strongly and densely punctated; neck fully half as broad
as head, antennae robust, their next-last joints twice as broad as long;
pronotum densely and rather strongly punctated, elytra coarsely and very
densely punctated and these anteriorly at the suture slightly impressed;
abdomen robustly and densely punctated in the transverse grooves of the
foremost dorsal joints, posteriorly with finer and more scattered puncta-
tion. L. 3.5-4 mm.

In the o the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen is without carina at
middle, but all over with scattered granulate-punctation, the elytra along
suture posteriorly without longitudinal carina, (t. Ganglb.).

Distributed everywhere in Lliddle Europe, and found in Holsten (Freller; ;

-424-

(Page 24S)
Kaf. V. Hamburg u. Umiegend) j it may possibly also be found in this coun-
try.

32. CJenus Leptusa Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 1875, 6C ; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 275 and 276 (Leptusa
and Fachy^luta); Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1871, 173 and 277 (Leptusa and Pachyglqla':
3anglb. Kaf. M. II, 271. ^

Body elongate, evenly broad or slightly widened posteriorly (Subgen.
Fachygluta) ; the head somewhat porrect, but not constricted behind; the
eyes in our species normally large, but little protruding; temples and
genae more or less distinctly marginate; antennae very little longer than
head and pronotum together, feebly thickened distally; maxillary palpi
rather elongate, their third joint a little longer than the second, on in-
ner side feebly ventose-like thickened, the fourth particularly small, spi-
culiform; the tongue very narrow, rounded at tip and not divided (cf .Fig.S?.) .
Labial palpi normally thre-jointed with ^oint? of almost ejual length.

Pronotum scarcely as broad as elytra, posteriorly slightly narrowing,
with obtuse angular or rounded hind corners, the sides without erect bris-
tles, anteriorly strongly roundly deflected; elytra longer than pronotum
or only of same length as this, their posterior margin (in our species)
inside the outer corners incurved; abdomen of equal breadth, in one of our
species (ruf icollis) however somewhat widened posteriorly; its first three
free dorsal joints transverse-grooved depressed at base, the fifth a little
longer than the fourth; the legs rather slender; fore- and middle-tarsi
4-jointed, hind tarsi 5-jointed and first Joint of these as long as the
following two Joints together. - Especial sex-characters are not found in^.

-426-

(Page 249)
In Denmark only 3 species are found, which live under the bark: of
infested deciduous and pinaceous trees, where they and their larvae pro-
bably feed on the young of the bast-borers. Many other species are found
in South Europe partly under stones and damp leaves; most of these are
wingless and with very short elytra.

(Page 250)
Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. Abdomen e4ually broad. Slytra longer than pronotum. 1. Subg. Leptusa

s. str. - 2.

Abdomen broadened posteriorly. Elytra not longer than pronotum: 2.

Subg. P&chy;;luta Thorns. - Pronotum yellow-red. L. 2.5 mm

3. L. ruficollis Er.

2. Pronotum about as broad as elytra. Body brown or pitch-brown, abdom-

inal tip reddish. L. 2.5-3.5 mm 1. L. angusta Aubs.

Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra. Body black or pitch-black;

abdominal tip most often clear yellow-red. L. 2.5-3 mm

2. L. haemorrhoidalis Heer.

1. Subgenus Leptusa s. str.
1. L. an,;usta Aube.

(Aubd Ann. 3oc. Ent. Fr. 1850, 310; ^anglb. Kaf. M. II, 274. - analis
iyllh. Ins. Suec. II, 388; Erichs. '^en. Spec. Staph. 154; Kraatz Ins. I.
II, 62; Thorns. Skand. Col. II. 275; Muls. et Fey Brevip. 1871, 180).

Evenly broad, rather narrow and cylindrical; easily recognized by the

color and proportionately broad, rather convex pronotum.

Brown or pitch-brown, dully glistening, very finely haired; head and

•42e-

(Pa„'e 250)
the next-last abdominal ^oints pitch-black; abdominal tip reddish; antennae,
mouth-parts and legs red or yellowish-red.

Forebody particularly densely and finely shagrsened in surface and
therefore with dull shine; the head somewhat narrower than prpnotum, in-
distinctly punctated; antennae feebly thickened distally, their third
joint scarcely as long as the second, the fourth as long as broad, the
following feebly increasingly transverse, so that the next-last become
about twice as broad as long; distal joint oviform, tapering. Pronotum
at middle as broad or about as broad as elytra, ih times as broad as long,
anteriorly and posteriorly feebly narrowing, with anteriorly strongly de-
flected, rounded sides and with obtuse angular hind corners, rather con-
vex, with especially fine and rather dense punctation, and with a small
transverse fovea posteriorly before scutellum, sometimes v;ith a feeble
medial groove; elytra distinctly longer than pronotum, with dense and rath-
er fine scabrous punctation, their posterior margin inside the outer cor-
ners rather deeply incurved; abdomen equally broad, anteriorly with dense
and rather fine, posteriorly more isolated and finer punctation. L. 2. 5-3. 5mm.

In the O The elytra nearest the suture with a feeble longitudinal fold,
fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen at mediaii-line with a fine, sometimes
split longitudinal carina, the sixth with a small oblong granule; poste-
rioj? margin of the sixth joint rounded, indistinctly serrate and with a
small incision in tip.

Distributed in North and :;entral Europe; in this country rather rare
and local, more frequent in northern Jutland than southward and in the
islands^ under bark of stubs and stems of infested oak, beech and pinaceous

trees.

-427-

(Page 251)

2. L. haemorrholdalls Heer.

(Heer Faun. Helv. I, 632; ianjlb. Kaf. M. II, 275. - fumida Erichs.
Jen. Spec. Staph. 156; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 65; Ihoras. Skand. Col. II, 275;
Muls. et F.ey Brevip. 1871, 184).

A little smaller and less convex than an^usta, and with narrower pro-
notum, furthermore identifiable by the color.

Black or pitch-black, rather glistening and finely haired; abdominal
tip reddish-brown or pure yellow-red; antennae brownish, their base, the
mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellow.

The head extremely finely, pronotura and elytra less finely shagreened
in surface; head narrower than pronotum, very finely and rather densely
punctated; antennae feebly thickened distally, finer than in angusta,
their third joint as long as, but thinner than the second, the fourth as
long as broad, the middle ones feebly, the next-last (7-lc) distinctly
transverse, about twice as broad as long; distal joint ovately tapering.
Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra, fully !■:: times as broad as long,
posteriorly feebly narrowing, anteriorly with strongly deflected, rounded,
posteriorly more straight sides and with obtuse angular hind corners, slight-
ly convex, very finely and densely punctated and with a feeble, small fovea
posteriorly before ecutellum; elytra VS longer than pronotum, with dense
and distinct scabrous punctation, their posterior margin inside the outer
corners strongly incurved; abdomen equally broad, anteriorly with fine and
not dense, posteriorly finer and rather scattered punctation. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the o the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen with a fine, short ca-
rina at middle, the sixth with a still finer carina and at tip slightly
incurved.

-428-

(Page 251)

Distributed as the preceding species, but in this country everywhere

in woodland regions more common than this; under the Lark of stubs and

trunks of infested trees, both deciduous and pinaceous, also in debris

under fajot.

2. Subgenus Pachy.;luta Thorns.

3. L. raficollis Er.

(Brichs. CJen. Spec. Staplj. 155, Kraatz Ins. C. II, 64; Thorns. Skand.
Col. II, 276; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1871, 2S0; (Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 278).

Easily identified by particularly short elytra, posteriorly widened
abdomen and by the color of pronotum.

Pitch-black, sparsely and finely haired, glistening; pronotum red or
yellow-red; abdominal tip brownish- or reddish-yellow; antennae brownish,
their base and tip, mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellow. In teneral ani-
mals the foremost abdominal Joints are brownish-red or reddish-yellow,
and the antennae sometimes also brownish.

The head is narrower than pronotum, with rather fine and flat, but not
dense punctation; antennae at base and middle rather fine, slightly thick-

(Page 252)
ened toward the tip, their third Joint a little shorter and finer than the
second, the next-last (6-10) distinctly, increasingly transverse, amply
li times as broad as long, distal joint short, obtuse tip. Pronotum before
the middle nearly as broad as elytra, 1^ times as broad as Ion:,-, slightly
narrowing posteriorly and with rounded, obtuse hind corners, feebly convex,
punctated like the head, occasionally with a feeble transverse fovea pos-
teriorly before scutellum; elytra only as long as or shorter than pronotum,

-429-

su-

Lne

(Fai;e 252)
with rather robust, but not dense scabrous punctation, at middle from
the side more or less impressed; their posterior margin inside the outer
corners feebly incurved; abdomen smoothly broadened posteriorly, its fore-
most dorsal Joints with fine and scattered, the hindmost simple punctation.
L. 2.5 mm.

In the ^ the elytra at middle from side more strongly impressed than
in the o and thereby distinctly carina- or fold-like elevated along the
ture. the fifth and sixth free dorsal joints of abdomen each with a fi
carina at medial line.

Distributed everywhere in North and Middle Europe. In Denmark it is

common in forests, larger gardens and parks under loose bark of deciduous

and pinaceous trees, often also in debris under fagot, more rarely in ant

hills.

33. vienus Phytosus Curt.

(Jurtis Brit. Ent. XV, 1838, pi. 718; Srichs. ^n. et Spec. Staph. 177;
Kraatz Ins. E. II, 41; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 207; Muls. et Rey BreVip.
1871, 291; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 285).

By shape of the body and short elytra Phytosus comes close to the pre-
ceding subgenus (Pachygluta) of Leptusa; but in other aspects the species
are reminiscent of certain Tro^-ophloeus species, with which they also have
common mode of living, inasmuch as their body structure is equipped for
digging in sand. Among the Bolitocharina species they are especially notable
by strongly spiniferous fore- and middle-tibiae.

Body narrow, elongate, densely haired; head large, porrect, not constrict-
ed behind, with rather smaili fla^ eyes and finely margined temples and

-430-

(Page 252)
^enae; antennae short, robust, only their first Joint elongate, the second
a little shorter than the first, and feebly curved at base, so that while
dig^inj the antennae can bend backv.ard; the third is very small, only //^
as lon^ as the second, short, roundly obconic, the following (4-10) in-
creasingly transverse, so that the next-last joints become twice as broad
as long; the distal joint short oval. The structure of mouth-parts are
in Phy tosus similar to those isf Leptusa, namely the tongue is likewise
narrow and undivided at tip (cf. Fi=:. 92).

Pronotum is anteriorly as broad as elytra, but hardly broader than
the head, about as broad as long, distinctly narrowing posteriorly, with
anteriorly rounded, and posteriorly almost straight sides, hind corners

obtuse angular; (Page 253) elytra sometimes

shorter than pronotum, or at most a little longer than this, together broad-
ly incurved posteriorly; abdomen elongate, often feebly broadened posteri-
orly, its first four free dorsal joints transverse-grooved depressed at
base, and the fifth ik times as long as each of the preceding, equally long
joints; legs short; the fore- and middle-tibiae in outer margin armed with
1-2 rows of robust spines;*) tarsi and tarsal joints short, fore- and mid-
dle-tarsi 4-jointed, only hind tarsi 5-jointed, and first joint of these
a little longer than the second; claws short, but robust.

The species live on sandy ocean beaches, where they root in the sand
under stones, seaweed and small carrion. In this country 2 species are
found, a third on the coasts of Holland and France; it might possibly also
be found here. - At high tide they dig themselves down into the sand to
avoid being washed away.

-4 31-

(Page 253)

Key to Subgenera and Species.

1 Slytra as long as, or a little longer than pronotum: 1. Subg. Phytosus

s. str. - Pronotum and elytra as vjell as the rest of the body

black. L. 2.5 mm 1. Ph. spinifer 3urt.

Elytra shorter than pronotum: 2. Subg, Actosus Muls. - Pronotum and

elytra yellow, head and abdomen occasionally dark 2.

2. Species small. L. 2-2.5 ram 2. Ph. balticus Kr.

Species larger. L. 2.5-3 mm 3. Ph. nigriventris Chevr.

1. Subgenus Phytosus s. str.

1. Ph. spinifer 3urt.

(Curtis Brit. Ent. XV, pi. 718; Erichs. den. Spec. Staph. 178 ex parte;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 44; I.Iuls. et Key Brevip. 1871, 294; 5anglb. Kaf. M. II, 287).

Recognized by the color, and in regard to the following species also
by, that it is winged and with a little longer elytra.

Black; forebody densely gray-haired, dull, abdomen more sparsely hair-
ed and feebly glistening; elytra posteriorly and at the suture reddish;
antennae, mouth-parts and legs brownish-yellow, femora often darker.

The body elongate and of equal breadth; head, pronotum and elytra ex-
tremely finely and densely punctated, as well as the antennae in detail
formed as set forth in the generic description. Pronotum sometimes with
feeble medial groove, and elytra as long as, or a little longer than pro-
notum, evenly broad. Abdomen equally broad or only indistinctly broadened
posteriorly, densely and very finely, yet distinctly punctated. L. 2.5 mm.

In the o the posterior margin of fifth ventral Joint of abdomen slight-

•432-

(Page 253)
ly incurved, at-middle, and the sixth a little prolonged v\ith obtuse an-
gular tip.

Distributed at the coasts of France, Holland, England anql Denmark;
in this country very rare and seemingly local, on sandy strand under sea-
weeds and stones. (Spndervig in Holmlandj Adserbo on the northern coast

of Zealand J Battl, Falster).

(Page 254)

2. Subgenus Actosus Muls.

2. Ph. balticus Kr.

(Kraatz Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. 1895, 52j Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 207;
Muls. et Fey Br^vip. 1871, 304; :Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 267. - ni-<riventris
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 43).

About of same size as spinifer, lighter in color and with much short-
er elytra; wingless.

Yellow-red or brownish-yellow, densely grayish-yellow haired; forebody
dull, abdomen feebly glistening; the head and the abdominal middle joints
reddish-brown or pitch-black; sometimes abdomen is entirely pitch-black
with brownish-red tip.

Head, pronotum and elytra particularly finely and very densely punc-
tated; head as broad as pronotum, this posteriorly distinctly narrowing
with feebly incurvate sides, medial line sometimes feebly grooved or slight-
ly depressed; elytra //s shorter than pronotum and almost narrower than this
anteriorly, their sides parallel; abdomen elongate, posteriorly distinctly
croadened, densely and finely punctated. L. 2.5 ram.

In the ^ the fifth ventral Joint of abdomen flatly emarginate posteri-
orly, and the sixth slightly prolonged, the tip obtuse angular.

-433-

(Page 254)

Distributed at the coasts of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea on sandy

beaches, under seaweed and stones; found here and there in this country

and less rare than spinifer. (Ska^en, Esbjerg, Hornbaek, Bpt0, Dueodde

in Bornholm et al.) sometimes in company with spinifer.

3. Ph. ni^riventris Chevr.

(Chevrol. Rev. Zool. 1843; Muls. et Fey Br^vip. 1871, 307; Ganglb. Kaf.
i;.. II, 288).

From balticus, which it resembles in regard to color and length of el-
ytra it is separated by the following details:

It is considerably larger, lighter yellow or pale yellow, entirely dull;
the head brownish-red or black, the middle joints of abdomen black; third
joint of the antennae a little longer than in balticus, about half as long
as the second; elytra almost only half as long as pronotum, posteriorly
feebly broadened and here fully as broad as the pronotum anteriorly; ab-
domen posteriorly feebly broadened, to the tip with fine and extremely
dense granulate punctation and therefore dull. L. 2.5-3 nm.

In the u the posterior margin of fifth ventral joint of abdomen in-
curved,at middle, and the sixth at tip obtuse -angularly prolonged. (t.Sanglb.).

Distributed at the coasts of Holland and North France on sandy shores,

especially under carrion. Is heretofore not found in this country, but is

not improbable, particularly on the strand along our western coast.

(Page 255) '

34. 'lenuE Silusa Sr.

(Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 377; '-Jen. Spec. Staph. 205; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
44; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 208; f-uls. et Fey Bre'vip. 1871, 146; Janglb. Kaf.
M. 238).

-4aa-

(Paje 255)

Body rather equally broad, smoothly convex; the head narrower than
pronotum, somewhat imbedded in this and scarcely constricted behind; eyes
round and a little protruding, temples and genae sharply margined; anten-
nae rather robust, but scarcely longer than head and pronotum together;
maxillary palpi somewhat elongate, their fourth joint fine and very little
shorter than the third; labial palpi (Fig. 92) porrect, stiff, only two-
jointed, the joints equally long and the last joint feebly curved; the
tongue fine, narrow and at tip undivided (as in Leptusa).

Fig. 92. Labium with labial palpi and tongue of Silusa. (t. Reitte^.

Pronotum strongly transverse, twice as broad as long, about as broad
as elytra, not narrowing posteriorly, sides smoothly rounded , hind cor-
ners obtuse-angular and posterior margin inside these more or less distinct-
ly incurved; elytra longer than pronotum, their posterior margin inside
the outer corners rather deeply incurved; abdomen evenly broad, its first
three free dorsal joints depressed at base, the fifth not longer than the
fourth, the legs rather slender; fore- and middle-tarsi 4-jointed, only
hind tarsi 5-jointed, and the first four joints of these about equally
short, distal joint as long as the first three together. - In the o dis-
tinct sex-characters are present.

The species occur at outflowing tree-sap and under bark; of the few

known European species, one is found in this country.

1. S. rubiginosa Br.

(Srichs. Kaf. liflc. Br. I, 378; Gen. Spec. Staph. 2C6; Kraatz Ins. i;. II,
47; Thoms. Skand. Col. IX, 280; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1871, 153; CJanglb. Kaf.
M. II, 290).

-435-

(Pa^e 255)

In shape not ■unlike Cratar^e^' suturalis. but snmewhat larger and more
rotust, of rather eaual "breadth, and in comhination with the f^eneric
characters as set t'orth ahove, furthermore easily identified hy the color
and the sex-characters of the d".

Black or hrownish-hlack, finely yellowish haired and somewhat glist-
ening; pronotal sides reddish-hrown; elytra hrownish-red, around scutellum
and oftenest also across hind comers obliterate pitch-brown or pitch-black;
antennae brown, their base, mouth-parts and legs yellow-red. In teneral
animals abdomen at base brownish-red.

The head broad, finely and densely -ounctated; antennae robust, their
second and third joints about of sane length, the fotirth not broader than

(Page 256)
long, the following (5-IO) feebly increasing transverse, the next-last
about twice as broad as long, distal joint long oval, tapering. Pronotum
(see above) is ar. broad as elytra, smoothly convex, finely and densely
pxinctated and posteriorly witn a small transverse fovea before scutellum;
elytra with rather robust and very dense scabrous punctation; abdomen rsther
robust and anteriorly densely pxmctated, posteriorly with more scattered
punctation, its sides particularly hindwards distinctly bristle-haired.
L, 3,5-4 mm.

In thf5 d* the elytral suture posteriorly finely carina-sh^ned; the fifth
free dorsal joint of abdomen at medial line with a rather ro'cust carina, the
sixth with a much finer carina, and posterior margin finely, yet distinctly
serrate.

(Page 256)

Distributed in Middle iiiurope; rare in this country; at outflowing tree-
sap, especially of elm. (fraderiksvaerk, Eoserup, Nyk^bing F., Assens, Als
et al. - also in Skaane (Thorns)).

A closely allied species, S. rubra Er. is distributed in Central Eu-
rope. It is vivid brownish-red with darker, often pitch-black head and
abdomen. Hind corners of pronotum strongly defined, almost rectangular.
In the Q the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen with two parallel longi-
tudinal carinae at middle, and the sixth at posterior margin with a row
of small acute teeth, of which the outer one on each side is longest. L.
3.5-4 mm.

It lives especially in fungi, reported as not rare (Janglb.) and may

possibly also occur in this country.

35. Jenus Suryusa Er.

(Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 371; (Jen. Spec. Staph. 199; Kraatz Ins. T. II,
71; Muls. et Fey Brevip. 1871, 158; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 269. - Tharriaeonia
Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 278).

From Leptusa, with which Suryusa agrees in structure of mouth-parts,
it is easily separated by the much broader and flatter shape of the body,
by a peculiarly broad pronotum, as oroad as or broader than elytra. These
inside §1* the outer hind corners are deeply incurved. First joint of hind
tarsi as long as the two following joints together.

The species live principally in company with certain ants (Lasius brun-
neus and nlj^er) . mostly in old hollow trees. Of the few Middle European
species none are heretofore found in Denmark, but a single one in Skaane.
This is here briefly described.

-437-

(Pa^e 256)

1. E» castanoptera Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 76; Muls. et Pey Brevlp. 1871. 172; Ganglb. Kaf.
M. II, 27C. - laticollis Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 270).

In form and color not unlike Sllusa rubjglnosa, tut smaller and in
relation to this easily identified by the unicolorous chestnut color of
elytra, by the dense punctation of head and pronotura, also by the sex-
characters of the <5' . (Page 257)

Black, finely and sparsely haired, rather jlistening; pronotal sides
most often brownish-red; elytra chestnut colored; antennae brown, their
base, mouth-parts and legs brownish-red.

Pronotum as broad as or somewhat shorter than elytra, with very dense..
and rather robust punctation, a little more densely and finely punctated
than elytra, the sides rounded and posterior margin inside the roundly ob-
tuse angular hind corners strongly incurved. Abdomen right to the tip with
very dense, rather fine and smooth punctation. L. 3-3.5 mm.

In the O the fifth free dorsal Joint with a longitudinal carina at mid-
dle, the sixth with a finer carina and incurved at tip. (t. 3anglb. and Kraatz),

distributed throughout North and Middle Europe; found at P.ingsjon in

Skaane at outflowing tree-sap (Thorns.). May possibly be encountered in this

country.

36. jenus Spipeda Iv'uls. et Pey.

(Muls. et Pey Br^vip. 1871, 136. - Homalota, Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 284;
5anglb. Kaf. U. II, 291).

Body elongate, rather e ^ual breadth and flat or depressed; head broad,

with normally large, somewhat protruding eyes, somewhat narrowing behind,

-43S-

(Page 257)
but hardly constricted; temples and genae finely margined; antennae rather
short; maxillary palpi likewise, their fourth Joint small and very fine,
about half as lonjj as the third; labial palpi two-jointed; tongue cleft
at tip.

Pronotum feebly narrowing posteriorly narrower than elytra, these a
little longer than same, evenly broad, together as broad as long; abdomen
of e;ual breadth, its first four free dorsal joints transverse-grooved
depressed at base, the fifth longer than the fourth; legs rather short,
fore- and middle-tarsi 4-jointed, and hind tarsi 5-jointed; first four
joints of hind tarsi equally short, their distal joint as long as tne
first three joints together.

The one to this genus belonging species is by Erichson, Kraatz, Sharp

et al. included in the genus Fomalota I/lannh. , but must, on account of the

4-jointed fore- and midlle-tarsi, here be, placed in division Bolitocharina.

In Thomson et al. the generic name Homalota is limited to this species

alone; - a few other closely allied species are found in North America.

They live under bark in larvae-burrows and crumblings.

1. E. plana iyllh.

(3yllh. Ins. Suec. II, 4C2; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 7CC; Jen. Spec. Staph.
93; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 250; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 285; Sharp Pev. Brit.
Horn. 167; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1871, 139; Ganglb. Kaf. U. II, 292).

Black, finely haired; forebody with feeble gloss, abdomen especially
posteriorly rather glistening; elytra and most often also abdominal tip
brown or brownish-red; (Page 253) antennae pitch-brown with light-
er base; mouth-parts and legs brownish-yellow, femora most often somewhat

■43-9-

(Page 258)
darker. In teneral animals color of body is brownish, only the head and
a band before abdominal tip pitch-black.

Head, pronotum and elytra in surface particularly finely shagreened
and therefore with dull shine; the head only a little narrower than prono-i»u
turn, rather densely and robustly punctated; antennae rather short and ro-
bust, their third Joint shorter than the second, the fourth small, round-
ed, the middle and next-last joints transverse, approximately twice as
broad as long, distal- joint short, oval. Pronotum anteriorly a little nar-
rower than elytra, a little broader than long, somewhat narrowing posteri-
orly and with obtuse angular , yet distinct hind corners, very flatly con-
vex, particularly finely and densely punctated, with slight medial groove;
elytra '/a longer than pronotum, punctated as this, their posterior margin
inside the outer corners scarcely incurved; the foremost dorsal joints of
abdomen very finely and rather densely punctated, the hindmost with single
punctation or almost smooth. The middle and hindmost tibiae each with an
erect bristle. L. 2.5-3 mm.

In the ^ the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen with a small sharp gra-
nule at middle, the sixth with a sharp, slightly curved line at each side
and at tip evenly truncated or feebly emarginate. (t. Janglb. and Kraatz).

Under bark of deciduous and pinaceous trees. Distributed in Middle Eu-
rope and also found in Skaane; it is possible that it may yet be discover-
ed in Lenmark, most likely in Bornholm.

37, :>enus Thectura Thoms.

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Acad. Forh. 1858, 32; Skand. Col. II, 285; Muls. et
Rey Br^vip. 1875, 326; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 292).

-440-

(Page 258)

Our to this jenus belonging species is by Thomson transferred from
the genus Homalota Mannh. It is closely related to Spipeda plana, and like
this, on account of 4-jointed fore- and middle-tarsi and 5-Jointed hind
tarsi, belonjs to division Bolitocharina. Thectura is especially separated
from Epipeda by, immarginate temples and genae and by shorter maxillary
palpi, of which the third Joint is very strongly thickened, the fourth
fine and oviform; legs shorter and more robust.

Only 1 species is found in North and Middle Europe, which like Spipeda
plana live under bark of trunks and stubs of deciduous and pinaceous trees,
which are attacked by bark- and bast-borer, it and its larvae supposedly
feed on the young of the borer.

1. T. cuspidata Erichs.

(Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 690; den. Spec. Staph. 96; Kraat? Ins. E. II, ^
253; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 286; Sharp Pev. Brit. Horn. 168; Muls. et Fey Bre-
vip. 1875, 328; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II, 292).

(Page 259)

A very small, very flat, elongate, narrow and evenly broad species,

easily identified by the shape, and by the peculiarly developed sixth free
dorsal joint of abdomen.

Black, very finely haired, dully glistening; elytra and abdominal tip
brown; antennae brownish, their base, the mouth-parts and legs brownish
yellow. In teneral animals the body is brownish, and only the head and
next-last abdominal joints entirely black.

Head as broad as pronotum, rather square with parallel sides, rounded
off corners posteriorly, and small, slightly convex eyes, distinctly but
not densely punctated, together with pronotum and elytra the surface is

-4M-

(Page 259)
finely shagreened; antennae short and robust, their first two joints thick,
the third obconic and smaller than the second, the middle and next-last
(4-10) increasingly transverse and these more than twice as broad as long,
distal joint short. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, anteriorly a
little broader than lon^, feebly narrowing posteriorly, with rounded off
hind corners, extremely fine isolated punctation, medial line slightly
grooved and at middle more or less broadly depressed; elytra li times as
long as pronotum, particularly finely and densely punctated, their posteri-
or margin inside the outer corners not incurved; abdomen of equal breadth,
its first four free dorsal joints depressed at base and with rather fine,
scattered punctation, the following almost irapunctate. The sixth is, pe-
culiar for this species, at tip divided into three spines, of which the
middle one is longest. L. 1.5 mm.

In the o the second, third and fourth free dorsal joints of abdomen
at each side on dorsum with a small acute granule (Fig. S3). Pronotal lon--
gltudin*l impressions are more distinct and the middle spine of the sixth
tergite much longer than in the o .

Distributed in all our forest regions and not rare under bark on in-
fested trees and stubs, but easily overlooked.

38. Jenus Placusa £r.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 370; den. Spec. Staph. 194; Kraatz Ins. E. II,
329; Thorns. Skand. Ool. Ill, 101; Wuls. et Pey Bre'vip. 1871, 103; :}anglb.
Kaf. U. II, 294).

Body short mo;st of ten rather broad, more or less flat; head transverse,

but narrower than pronotum, scarcely constricted behind; eyes large, convex;

(Page 259)
temples and genae finely margined; antennae short, robust, their outer
joints strongly transverse; maxillary palpi rather slender, their last
joint fine, spiculiform, only half as long as the third; labial palpi only
two- jointed; the tongue very short and broad, roianeJed at tip.

(Page 260)

Pronotum broad, as broad as or a little narrower than elytra, its pos-
terior margin inside the obtuse-angular corners most often slightly in-
curved; abdomen flat, feebly tapering, its first three free dorsal joints
very narrowly transverse-grooved depressed at base, the fifth longer than
the fourth; the sixth in the <?with sex-characters; legs rather short and
not robust; fore-tarsi and middle-tarsi 4-jointed, only hind-tarsi 5-joint-
ed and first joint of these elongate, almost as long as the following three
joints together, as long as the clav,-jolnt.

The species, which at a casual glance mostly resemble Homalota species,
live under the bark of deciduous and pinaceous trees, which are infested
with bark- and bast-borers, the young of these presumably serve as food
for the species and their larvae. In Middle and North Europe 6 species are
known, of which only 2 are heretofore found in Denmark, but as it is not
unlikely that several more may be found here, 3 of these are included in
the following.

Key to the Species.

1. Head and pronotum entirely dull 2.

Head and pronotum rather glistening 3.

2. Posterior margin of pronotum very finely marginated, its hind corners

roundly obtuse-angular. L. 2-2.5 mm 1. PI. humilis Er.

-443-

(Page 260)

2. Posterior margin of pronotum not margined, its hind corners less round-

ed. L. 2.5 mm 2. PI. complanata Er.

3. Posterior margin of sixth free ter^jite in the o at middle with a tri-

angular tooth, and at each side with and equal long, fine spine.
L. 2 mm 2. Pi. pumilio 5r.

Posterior margin of sixth free termite in the O^at middle with three-
five small teeth and at each side a little longer, slightly in-
v.ardly curved spine, on dorsal side furthermore with two small
granules. L. 2-2.5 mm 4. Pl. tachyporoides ""altl.

Posterior margin of the sixth free tergite in the (T at middle with

three thorn-shaped teeth and at each side a little longer spine,

which is curved inwardly, both fifth and sixth tergite on dorsal

side with two small granules. L. 2 rnm 5. PI. atrata Sahib.

1. PI. humilis lir.

(Erichs. vien. Spec. Staph. 196; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 332; Thorns. Skand.
Col. Ill, 103; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1871, 114; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 296).

A rather broad and flat species, and in combination with form of the
body principally identified by the entirely dull head and pronotum, and
the finely yet distinctly margined posterior margin of the latter.

Black, very finely, rather densely gray-haired, dull, abdomen with
greasy gloss, the elytra yellowish-brown, at base and on sides most often
dark; antennae pitch-brownish, their base, the mouth-parts and legs brown-
ish yellow.

Head and pronotum particularly densely and finely punctated, shagreen-
ed in surface and therefore dull; the head broad, yet considerably narrower

-44ft-

(Page 261)
than pronotum; antennae short, thickened distally, their third joint short-
er and finer than the second, the fourth small, rounded, the middle and
next-last joints distally increasingly transverse, so that the last ones
become twice as broad as long, distal joint short, oval, obtuse tip.
Posteriorly pronotum is about as broad as elytra, more than twice as broad
as long, slightly narrowing anteriorly, with slightly rounded sides and
roundly-obtuse hind corners, posterior margin very finely, sufficiently
magnified, yet distinctly margined, inside corners flatly incurved; dorsum
flatly convex and smooth; elytra //? longer than pronotum, flat, with very
dense and fine scabrous punctation, posteriorly about evenly truncated;
abdomen particularly to the fore very densely and finely , punctated, hind-
ward with less dense, but finer punctation. L. 2-2.5 mm.

In the O the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen posteriorly at middle
unevenly angulate, with knot-shaped thickened tip, and at each side with
a longer, thin, feebly inwardly curved spine. (Fig. 94).

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, but everywhere very rare; in

this country heretofore only found in the woods at Hiller0d under bark of

pine, which .was Impaired by Tomicus typographus (Author 7. 02).

2, PI. complanata Er.

(Erichs. >ien. Spec. Staph. 104; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 331; Thorns. Skand.
Col. Ill, 102; Muls.~ et Rey Br^vip. 1871, 108; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 2&5) .

Much like the preceding species, but generally a little larger. Pro-
notum at middle slightly depressed and sometimes with two feeble longitu-
dinal impressions, posterior margin immarginate, hind corners more defined
and the curve inside these somewhat more distinct than in humllis; sex-

-445-

(Page 261)

characters of the o^ same as in this. L. 2.5 mm. (cf. ianglb., Kraatz).

Distributed in Middle and North Europe, under bark of infested pina-

ceous trees; but heretofore not discovered in this country.

3. PI. pumilio liravh.

(5ravh. Micr. 98, Erichs. ien. Spec, Staph. 195; Kraatz Ins. B. II,
331; Thorns. Skand. Col. 101- subdepressa and similata Liuls. et Rey Brevip.
1871, 217 and 124).

A little smaller than humilis. but more convex and with distinctly
glistening head and pronotum.

Black, finely haired, rather glistening; elytra brown or yellow-brown;
antennal base, mouth-parts and legs brov\nish-yellow.

Head and pronotum very finely and densely punctated; the latter dis-
tinctly narrower than elytra, twice as broad as long, anteriorly roundly
narrowed, hind corners less rounded-off than in humilis, posterior margin
as in this finely margined, at each side feebly incurved; dorsum slightly

(Page 262) —

convex; elytra scarcely ih times as long as pronotum, with fine and dense
scabrous punctation; abdomen to the tip with very dense and very fine punc-
tation. L. ? mm.

In the O the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdom-
en at middle with a triangular tooth and at each side with an acute spine,
which is not extending beyond the twiddle tooth, (t. 3anglb.).

Said mainly to live under bark of infested oak and fir trees, but is
heretofore not found in this country, contrariwise found in Skaane (Thorns.).

• 44B-

(Page 262)

4. PI. tachyporoides '^.'altl.

("^altl Isis 1838, 268; Ganjlb. Kaf. K. II, 296. - infima_!irichE. len.
Spec. Staph. 196j Kraatz Ins. D. II, 333j Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 102j
Muls. et Fey Bre'vip. 1871, 120).

In size like humilis, but more convex; head and pronotura distinctly
jlistenin^; further recognizeable by the punctation of abdomen and the
sex-characters of the O .

Black, finely haired, rather ^listenin^'; elytra yellow-brown or brown-
ish-yellow; antennae brownish pitch, their base, the mouth-parts end legs
brownish-yellow.

Head and pronotum densely and very finely punctated; antennae same as
in humilis. Pronotum a little narrower than elytra, about twice as broad
as long, rather strongly roundly narrowing anteriorly, convex, without im-
pressions, posterior margin finely margined, inside the obtuse-angular cor-
ners slightly incurved; elytra //!? longer than pronotum, slightly convex,
feebly broadened posteriorly, punctation fine, dense and scabrous; abdomen
entirely with very fine and particularly dense punctation, and due to this
with less shine than the forebody, dully glistening. L. 2-2.3 mm.

In the O the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen on dorsal side with two
small granules, p'ostaEtor margin with three-five small teeth of e^ual length
and at each side a longer, acute, slightly inwardly curved spine.

Distributed throughout the greater part of Europe; in this country ap-
parently very rare, and heretofore only found singly in the vicinity of
sore'. Said not to be rare in Skaane under bark of infested deciduous trees
(Thorns.).

■447-

(Page 262)
5. PI. atrata 3ahlb.

(Sahib.- Ins. Fenn. I, 375; Srichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 1?8; Oanglb. Kaf.
liA. II, 2S6. - nltldula Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 10:5).

Pitch-black, finely haired, rather ^jlistenin^' ; elytra darkly brown,
antennal base, mouth-parts and legs brownish-yellow.

It deviates from the preceding species by darker elytra, and also by
more finely and densely punctated abdomen, and by slightly diviating sex-
characters of the O , inasmuch as also the fifth free tergite as w/ell as
the sixth has two small granules on dorsal side. L. 2 mm.

(Page 263) —

Sistributed in North and L'iddle Europe, and is (t. Thorns.) found in

northeastern Skaano; so it is not unlikely that it might be found under

bark of attacked deciduous and pinaceous trees also in this country.

39. lenus jyrophaena Mannh.

(Mannerh. brach. 74; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 365; Sen. Spec. Staph. 182;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 352; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 266; Muls. et Rey Brevip.
1871, 17; 5anglb. Kaf. U. II, 297).

■Jyrophaenids, which also include the two following genera, are separated
from the rest of the Eolitocharids principally by: that the middle-coxae
are rather broadly separated, and that the tip of mesosternum between the
coxae is not tapering, but broadly truncated and sometimes slightly emar-
ginate. They are further distinguished by a peculiar exterior, v.hich ser-
ves as an easy generic ideh±lfiea't?.on character; the special characters
of genus :?yrophaena are further denoted in the following: (iig. 95)

Body short, rather broad and flat, most often with varigated color, and

.448-

(Page 263)
most often strongly glistening, either naked or extremely sparsely haired.
The head short, in most of the species roundly transverse, with large pro-
truding eyes, posteriorly strongly narrowing, only on the sides with rather
coarse punctation, in some species not broader than long, with less pro-
truding eyes and behind these feebly narrowing. Temples and genae finely
margined; antennae rather short, their third jojnt much finer and shorter
than the second, the fourth small, the middle and next-last joints (5-10)
most often of equal breadth and strongly transverse, more rarely as long
as broad, distal joint oval. Of the mouth-parts the maxillary palpi are short,
their fourth joint small and spiculiform, hardly as long as the third;
labial palpi t'Ao- jointed, the tongue small and most often undivided at tip,
only in subg. Agaric ochara is the tongue cleft.

Pronotum short, most often tv^ice as broad as long, broader than the head,
but narrower than the elylra, with rounded sides, rounded fore- and hind-
corners and arcuate posterior margin, the sides very finely, posterior mar-
gin jiost often more distinctly margirated, dorsum slightly convex, in most
of the species with t\*o longitudin&l rows of larger punctures, and other-
wheres either smooth or v>ith only simple punctation, in several species
with uniformly fine punctation , without punctate rows. Elytra longer than
pronotum, with protruding humeri and rather evenly truncated posterior mar-
gin, inside the outer corners not incurved; abdomen ordinarily short, dor-

(Page 264)

sal side rather flat, robustly margined, its first three free dorsal joints
depressed at base, ventral side convey; in running end at rest it is often

.44S-

(Page 264)
curved upward and forward. In the o the fifth and sixth free dorsal joint
with diversely fdrmed sex-characters. The legs fine; fore- and middle-tibiae
4-jointed, only hind-tarsi 5-jointed, and the first joint of these 1^ times
as long as the second.

The species live in fungi, often in colonies. From Middle and North Eu-
rope 16 specie^ are known, of which the majority are found in this country.
- Several of the species are difficult to separsite, and as in cases of un-
certainty the sex-characters furnish the most difinite identification marks,
an abundance of specimens in both sexes is important for the determination.

Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. Head across the eyes much broader than long, back of eyes strongly nar-

rowing, eyes strongly protruding: 1. Subg. 'Jyrophaena s. str 2.

Head across the eyes not broader than long, back of eyes not strongly
narrowing, and eyes less protruding .13.

2. Antennal middle and next-last joints (5-10) not or scarcely transverse;

antennae rather slender 2.

Antennal next-last five joints ("^-lO) very strongly transverse 5.

3. Pronotum black, its posterior margin broadly set off and somewhat upward-

ly bent (the species comparatively large). L. 2.5-2.7 mm

3. 0. nitidula Jyllh.

Pronotum pitch-brown or yellow-red, its posterior margin narrowly set off:4.

4. 31ytra indistinctly punctated. Antennae yellow, long. L. 2.5 mm

1. x. pulchella Heer.

• 4tS>-

(Paje 264)

4. Slytra with scattered, distinct punctation, surface densely sha^reened.

Antennae shorter, brownish-pitch with yellow ba^e. L. 1.5-2 mm.
2. a. affinis Sahib.

5. Pronotum alon^ the middle with two more or less complete longitudinal

rows of punctures, which each begins posteriorly with a lar^e, .

deep puncture, outside these rows with simple punctation 6.

Pronotum without such punctate rows, but most often with the two larger
punctures posteriorly, elsev^here with irregular or scattered punc-
tation 11.

6. Abdomen entirely black; elytra extremely finely and sparsely punctated,

almost smooth. L. 1.3 mm 9. Gr. lucidula 3r.

Abdomen reddish yellow with a black transverse band before the tip... 7.

7. Slytra with dense and rather coarse, posteriorly rugose punctation. .. B.
Slytra with scattered, fine or very fine punctation, distinctly punc-
tated toward hind corners, anteriorly sometimes almost smooth.... 9,

6. Pronotum black or black-brovjn with light posterior margin and hind cor-
ners; its sides trongly rounded. L. 2mm 4. }. nana 3r«

Pronotum pitch-brown or brown-red, its sides feebly rounded. L. 2.5 mm.
5. J. gent ills Sr.

9. Pronotum red-brown or brown-black. Elytra almost impunctate, smooth.
Fif till free dorsal joint of abdomen in the o \»ith a transverse row
of four granules, the sl-xth' free i dor-Sal^! ■Jotflt - at posterior mar-
gin with two triangular teeth, separated by a small incision. L. P
mm 8. J. laevipennis Kr.

-461-

(Pa-e 264)
£. Pronotum most often yellow-red or red-brown. Elytra, also anteriorly,

finely punctated IC.

10. Pronotal sides strongly rounded, lilytra with scattered and particularly

fine punctation. Fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen in the a pos-
teriorly with a transverse row of four-six granules, the sixth pos-
teriorly prolonijed into two inwardly curved robust teeth or spines,
separated by a broad incision. L. l.£ mm.... 7. ?. bihamata Thorns.

Pronotal sides less strongly rounded. Elytra irore densely and distinct-

-— (Fe^e 265) ---
ly punctated. Fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen in the <6 with a

transverse row of six granules, margin of the sixth with a fine
double-spine in middle and at each side vith a longer, slender, in-
wardly curved tooth or spine. L. 1.5-2 mm. ..6. j. fasciata Mannh.

11. Pitch-black; humeri and tip of abdomen red-brown. Fifth free dorsal

joint of abdomen in the o^ without ^'ranules. L. 1.3 mm. :12. j. manca Sr.
Yellow or reddish-yellow; head, posterior corners of elytra and a trans-
verse band before tha abdominal tip black. Fifth free dorsal joint
of abdomen in thed^with a transverse row of four granules 1?.

12. Elytra with very fine, yet (magnified) distinct, scattered granulate-

punctation. Species very small. L. 1-1.2 mm 11. j. minima Sr.

Elytra rather densely acupunctate. L. 1.5 mm IC. J. Poweri Crotch.

13. Tongue at tip entire and undivided. Pronotum either with two rows of

punctures or uniformly scattered punctation: 2. Subg. Phaenogyra r;uls.,.14.
Tongue at tip cleft. Pronotum very indistinctly punctated, surface par-
ticularly finely shagreened: 3. Subg, Agaricochara Kr. - Elytra
proportionately long. L. l-.2mm 16. 5. laevicollis Kr.

-452-

(Page 265)

14. Pronotuia with two fine, slightly depressed rows of punctures at middle,

elsewhere almost impunctate, but the surface slightly shagreened. . . 15.
Fronotum without punctate rov<s, but with uniformly fine and rather scat-
tered punctation. L. 0.7-1 mm 15. 3. boleti I.

15. Antennal next-last Joints feebly transverse. L. 1.3-1.5 mm. ..13. d. strictule i
Antennal middle and next-last joints strongly transverse. I. 1.2 mm...

14. J. polita jravh.

1. Subgenus ^yrophaena s. str.

1. J. pulchella Heer.

(Heer Faun. Helv. I, 310i Kraatz Ins. D. II, 356; Thorns. Skand. Qol. IX.
229; Kuls. et Pey Bre'vip. 1971, 25; Sanglb. Kaf. U. II, 300).

Especially identifiable by comparatively long, slender antennae, which
are longer than in any other of our species, by very fine or indistinct punc-
tation of the elytra and the light color of these, also by the sex-charac-
ters of the O .

Reddish-yellow; head pitch-black or brown; pronotum feebly brownish at
middle; elytra pale yellow, their hind corners and posterior margin, also
an indefinitely bounded band before the abdominal tip obliterate black or
pitch-brown; antennae and legs clear yellow.

The head on sides v.ith scattered, large, but not deep punctation; an-
tennae slender and considerably longer than head and pronotum together, their
middle and next-last Joint?, especially the first (5-7) distinctly longer
than broad. Pronotum much narrower than elytra, hardly twice as broad as
long, posteriorly feebly narrowing, with anteriorly slightly rounded, pos-

-453-

(Page 865)
teriorly straight side^, its dorsal side at middle with two lon^i tudina]
rows of few larjer punctures, elsevhere with only simple and scattered punc-
tation, posterior margin distinctly marginate; elytra amply '/\? longer than
pronotum, with very fine and scattered or indistinct punctation; abdomen
smoothly taperinij, in the o posteriorly with fine and dense punctation, in
the o almost smooth. L. £. £ ram.

In the O^ the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen at middle of and before
posterior raar^jin with a. small horseshoe-formed knot, open anteriorly, the
sixth at middle with a deep, rounded incision, bounded on each side by a
somewhat inwardly directed denifeiform lobe (cf. Fig. 96).

(Page 266)
Rare or local; in rotting fungi (Aarhus, Hinnerup, Frederits, Sor)2f et al.)
North and Central Europe.

2. J. affinis Sahib.

(Sahib. Ins. Fenn. I, 383; Erichs. :Jen. Spec. Staph. 184; Kaf. Mk. Br.
I, 368; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 357; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 267; Muls. et Fey
^re'vip. 1371, 29; langlb. Kaf. M. II, 3C0).

^■:j rather slender, proportionately long antennae closely allied to the
preceding species, from which it however is easily separated by the color,
and by the punctation of elytra.

Pitch-black or pitch-brown with black head, glistening; pronotum red-
brown; elytra brown-yellow or yellow-brown, their outer posterior corners
often brownish-pitch, tip of abdomen brownish yellow, its foremost joints
occasionally red-brown; antennae feebly brownish yellow, their base, mouth-
parts, and legs yellov. .

-46-4-

(Page 266)

Head, pronotunr' and elytra finely reticulated in surface; the head on
sides with scattered and coarse punctation; antennae shorter than in pul-
chella, however rather slender, their middle and next-last joints (5-10)
as lon^ as broad. Pronotum short, tvi-ice as broad as long, with slightly
rounded sides and finely bounded posterior margin, its dorsum at middle
with two, often indistinct, rows of punctures, elsewhere with very scat-
tered, simple punctation; elytra a little longer than pronotum, with coarse,
but not dense or deep punctation; abdomen smoothly tapsrigg, the surface
very finely reticulated, scarcely punctated. L. 1.5-2 mm.

In the ^ the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen (Fig. 96) with a small
polished boss*) at middle before posterior margin, the sixth like that of
the preceding species with a deep rounded incision, bounded on each side
with a long, slightly inwardly curved tooth.

Distributed everywhere in North and Saddle Europe, and not rare in this

country; in fungi, especially in the autumn.

3. a. nitldula lyllh.

(lyllh. Ins. Suec. II, 413; Srichs. >Jen. Spec. Staph. 183; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 354. Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 266; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1871, 22; Janglfc.
Kaf. I.^ II, 3C1).

A comparatively large and broad, somev^hat convex species, which in com-
bination with the size is easily identified by rather slender antennae, and
the color of pronotum and its broadly set off posterior margin.

jlistening black; elytra red- or brown-yellow, around scutellum dark and
'^ith a large, black spot on the outer hind corners; tip of abdomen and pos-
terior margins of its joints yellow-brown; antennae black, their base, mouth-
parts and legs yellow.

-455-
*) literally knot, trsl.

(Page 267)

The head on sides with coarse, simple punctation; antennal middle and
next-last joints (5-10) about of equal breadth and hardly broader than long.
Pronotum more than twice as broad as lonj, the sides strongly rourded. pos-
terior margin broadly set off and somewhat turned upward, dorsum convex, with
two feebly depressed punctate rows at middle, and elsewhere with simple,
coarse punctation; elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, with rather strong
and dense, nearest hind corners scabrous punctation; abdomen smooth. L.
2.5-2.7 mm.

In the ^ the fifth free dorsal Joint of abdomen with a transverse row
jf six granules, posterior margin of the sixth at middle with two triangular
teeth and at each side a longer inwardly curved tooth.

Heretofore apparently not found in this country, but as it is not rare
in southern Sweden (Thoras,), it is not unlikejy that it might be encounter-
ed here, most likely in Bornholm.

4 . 7. nana Payk .

(?ayk. Faun. Suec. Ill, 408; Erichs. Kaf. f.^. Br. I, 367; Jen. Spec. Staph.
184; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 357; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 2C6; Kuls. et Pey Er^vip.
1871, 47; 5anglb. Kaf. M. II, 301).

A glistening, comparatively short and broad species with robust antennae,
further identifiable by the color and the sex-characters of the o . (Fig. 95).

Head black, pronotum black or black-brown, its hind corners and posterior
\ margin, often also the sides brownish-red or yellow-red; elytra reddish-yel-
low, the outer hind corners pitch-black; abdomen yellow-red, its two-three
next-last joints pitch-black; antennae toward tip most often brownish yel-
low, elsewhere as the mouth-parts atKi legs yellow.

-457-

(Paje 257)

Head on the sides with simple and coarse punctation and the surface as
well as that of pronotum not reticulate in surface, but smooth; antennae
short and robust, their third joint very thin, the fourth very small, yet
broader than lon:j, the middle and next-last (5-10) about of equal breadth,
strongly transverse. Pronotum tv.ice as broad as long and much narrower than
elytra, with strongly rounded sides and robustly bounded posterior margin,
smoothly convex, dorsum with two, at middle interrupted longitudinal rows
of punctures, elsewhere with only two or three sin^jle large punctures on sides
and two small dense clusters of smaller punctures posteriorly before scu-
tellum; elytra ^/? longer than pronotum, at base and nearest the suture with
fine and scattered punctation, at middle and toward the outer hind corners
with increasingly robust and dense, somewhat rugose punctation; abdomen
broad, slightly rounded tapering, impunctate, the surface extremely feebly
reticulated and somewhat less glistening than the forebody.

(Page 268)

In the o the fifth free dorsal Joint of abdomen before posterior margin
with a transverse row of six small longitudinal carina^, of which the outer
one on each side most often is smaller, and the two middle ones are closer
together than the rest; posterior margin of the sixth joint at middle with
a tooth, often with cleft tip, and at each side an equally long, slightly
inwardly curved spine or tooth.

Distributed in all our woodland regions, and not rare in fungi, espe-
cially in the autumn. North and Middle Europe.

-458-

(Pa--e 268)

5. J. ^entili s Er.

(Erlchs. 5en. Spec. Staph. 165; Kraetz Ins. D. II, 355; Muls. et Fey
Brevip. 1871, 43; GJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 302. - ? con^rua Thorns. Skand. Col.
II, 268).

One oft.bfi largest specjes, ordinarily somewhat larger than nana; close-
ly allied to this, but with somewhat differently colored, shaped and punc-
tated pronotura, and with other sex-characters in the o^.

Head black; pronotum darkly brc^n or brown-red v.ith lighter margins;
elytra brownish or reddish yellow, hind corners obliterated black; abdomen
yellow-red, its fourth, occasionally also a little of the third free dorsal
joint black or pitch-brownj antennae, mouth-parts and legs yellow.

Head and pronotum extremely finely reticulated in surface; head on sides
with simple, coarse punctation; antennae hardly as robust as in nana; pro-
notum twice as broad as long, with feebly rounded sides and distinctly bound-
ed posterior margin, at middle with two longitudinal punctate rows and else-
where punctated about as nana; elytra amply //j longer than pronotum, with
dense, and toward the outer corners posteriorly rather robust rugose-punc-
tation; abdomen impunctate. L. 2-2,5 mm.

In the S' the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen (Fig. 97) before pos-
terior margin with a transverse row of four small carina, of which the two
middle ones are short, scarcely half as long as the others; the sixth joint
in middle of posterior margin with two closely placed spines and at each side
a longer, inwardly curved rather robust tooth or spine.

Rare or very rare; in fungi (Vang forest in Vendsyssel; iierrits forest,
Falster). In Skaane rare (Thorns.). Morth and R'iddle iiurope.

-465-

(Pase 268)

6 . Gr. fascia te._Ma r sh ,

(Marsh. Ent. Brit. 514; Uanslb. Kaf. M, II, 3C2. - conjrua Erichs. Kef.
t.!k. Br. I, 368; Kraatz Ins. D- II, 358; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 208. -carplnl
Muls. et Rey Brevlp. 1871, S5) .

Much like the following species (see same) from which it only is sepa-
rated by, that the sides of pronotum are less rounded, end elytra more dis-
tinctly and densely punctated (however much finer and less densely than in
nana) ; the sex-characters of the o are also different. L. 1.5-2 mm.

In the o^ the fifth fr^ie dorsal joint of abdomen with a transverse row
of small carinae, posterior margin of the sixth at middle with a narrow,
at tip divided tooth or a double spine, above this often with two granules,
furthermore at each side with a longer inwardly curved tooth or spine.

Distributed in our woodland regions, and in the fall not rare in fungi.

Middle Europe; Skaane.

7. u. bihamata Thorns,

(Thorns. Ofv. Vet. Acad. Forh. 1876; Skand. Col. IX, 230; langlb. Kaf.
M. II, 302. - despecta Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1871, 62).

Especially identified by the fine, isolated punctation of elytra, s.nd
by the sex-characters of the o .

Reddish-yellow; the head black or pitch-black; pronotum often brownish;
outer hind corners of elytra and a band before abdominal tip black or brown-
black; antennae toward tip most often brownish, elsewhere together with mouth-
parts and legs yellow.

The head on sides with simple and coarse punctation; antennae rather short,
their middle and next-last joints (5-10) transverse; pronotum twice as broad
as long with rather strongly rounded sides, at middle with two, slightly grooved,

-4fi0-

(Page 269)
longitudinal rows of punctures, elsewhere with only a few scattered punc-
tures on the sides, together with the head the surface is finely reticulate;
elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, with much finer punctation than in
nana, around scutellum with few, very fine and scattered punctures, at mid-
dle and especially toward hind corners somewhat denser and more distinctly
punctated; abdomen smooth. L. 1.5 mm.

In the o the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen before posterior margin
with a transverse row of four or six granules, the sixth in posterior mar-
gin with two robust inward-curved (corner)' teeth, separated by a broad, round-
ed incision, and above this mist often with two small jranules.

Pare or very rare, in fungi (Hvals;es, Seal., Maribo, Aalholm) ; also rare

in Skaane (Thorns.). Distributed throughout the greater part of Europe.

8. J. laevipennis Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 358; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 867; Muls. et Pey Bre-
vip. 1871, 54; San^lb. Kaf. K. II, ZCZ) .

From the two preceding- species, to which it is closely allied, laevipennis
is especially separated by polished, almost smooth elytra, and by the sex-
characters of the o^ .

Yellow-red; forebody polished, abdomen less strongly glistening; the head
and a band before abdominal tip black; pronotum red-brown or brown-black
with somewhat lighter posterior margin; elytra reddish yellow, the hind

(Page 270)
corners and sometimes also nearest the suture brown-black; antennae brown-
ish toward the tip, elsewhere like ;i:Outh-parts and legs yellow.

-461-

(Pa^e 270)

Head, pronotura and elytra extremely finely reticulated in surface; the
head with very scattered isolated punctation; middle and next-last joints
of the antennae not strongly transverse; pronotum twJce as broad as lon^,
with very feebly rounded, posteriorly almost straight sides, slightly con-
vex, at middle with two flat longitudinal grooves and in each of these with
a single row of punctures, of which those at middle are fine, elsewhere
with only a few single punctures on the sides; elytra //s longer than pro-
notum, smooth or at middle with extremely fine and indistinct punctation,
polished, humeri prominent; abdomen of rather e^^ual breadth, impunctate.
L. 2 mm.

In the o^ the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen with a transverse row
of four feeble granules before posterior margin, the sixth at tin with an
angular incision, whereby it is divided into two triangular teeth.

Rare or very rare, in fungi, especially it seems in tree-fungi (Vang

forest in Vendsyssel; :Jjerup in Fyen; Brede and Ermelund in North Zealand).

Middle and North Europe; rare in Skaane (Thorns.)*

9. 3. lucidula Sr.

(3richs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 369; Gen. Spec. Staph. 187; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
359; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, ?,68; Muls. et Fey Brevip. 1871, 56; Janglb. Kaf.
M. II, 3C2).

A very small species, easily recognized by the color and by comparative-
ly long, polished, almost smooth elytra.

-Jlistening black; elytra brownish yellow, on hind corners and at the
sides more or less extensively black; antennae brown, their base, mouth-
parts and legs yellow.

-462-

(?eje 27 C)
The head at sides with sparse and rather fine punctationj antennal mid-
dle and next-last joints transverse; pronotura very short, more than tv.ice
I as broad as lon^, with rounded sides and at middle with two almost evane-
scent rows of punctures - posteriorly however indicated by two lar^e deep
punctures - elsewhere with very simpl(s punctation; elytra much longer than
pronotum, almost irapunctate, polished; abdomen posteriorly extremely finely
or indistinctly punctated (^ ~ i antftriorly not punctated. L. 1-1.3 mm.
In the o the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen with fine granulate

I punctation, and posterior margin of the sixth with two robust, acute teeth,
separated by a broad incurve,-

On tree-fungi, under damp leaves and in alluvium, but everywhere very

rare, and in this country only found singly in a few places in Sjaelland

(Soro, P.uderhega.and liyrehaven at Copenhagen). "Middle and North Europe;

rare in Skaane (Thorns.).

(Page 271)

10. }. Poweri Crotch.

(Crotch Transact. Ent. 3oc. Lond. V. 1866, 439; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 302
- puncticollis Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 232.- punctulara Muls. et Rey Brevip,

II 1871, 4C).

M Among the few species with scattered punctation of the pronotura and

without rows of punctures, this is the largest; further identifiable by the
color, punctation of elytra and sex-characters of thee- .

Reddish-yellow, glistening; the head, hindmost part of elytra or at least
the outer hind corners, also a - often feeble - transverse band before abdom-
inal tip black or pitch-brown; pronotum often red -brown; antennae, mouth-parts
and legs yellow.

-463-

(Pa^e 271)

Read, pronotum and elytra extremely finely shagreened in surface; the
head on sides with scattered, large punctation; antennal middle and next-
last joints (5-10) rather strongly transverse, evenly broad; pronotum twice
as broad as long, with smoothly/, not strongly rounded sides, its dorsum e-
specially in\^ardly toward middle with scattered and rather large, but not
deep punctation, at middle before posterior margin with two single larger
punctures, but at middle - in contrast to several closely allied species:
bihamata. f asciijta - without longitudinal rows of punctures; elytra longer
than pronotum, at middle finely and rather slightly punctated; abdomen some-
what tapering, impunctate. L. 1.5 mm.

In the o the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen before posterior mart;in
with a transverse row of longish granules, of vhich the two at middle slant
tov.ard each other; posterior margin of the sixth joint at middle with two
closely set, narrow spines and at each side a more robust, slightly inward
curved spine or tooth.

Distributed In North and Kiddle Europe, and not very rare in this coun-
try; most often on tree-fungi (Geelskov; Thureby; Cdense; Vejle, Aalborg et al.)

11. J. minima Er.

(Srichs. Kaf. Wk. Br. I, 370; len. Spec. Staph, 192; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
359; Thoms. Skand. Col. IX, 232; Muls. et P.ey Bre'vip. 1871, 69; langlb, Kaf.
:.:. II, 303).

A very small species, in combination with this identifiable by the color,
and punctation of elytra.

Reddish-yellow, glistening; the head, outer hind corners of elytra, and
a band before abdominal tip pitch-black or pitch-brown; antennae, mouth-parts
and legs yellow.

-464-

(Page 271)

The head at sides with scattered, lar^'e punctation; middle and next-
last joints of antennae (5-10) rather strongly transverse; pronotum short,
more than twice as broad as lonj, with sliijhtly rounded sides, with rather
fine and irregularly scattered punctation, at middle somewhat more distinct
and dense than on the sides, at middle before posterior margin, and at the
anterior margin with a couple of larger punctures, out without regular lon--
gitudinal rows of punctures at middle. Elytra with particularly fine, scat-
tered, feebly scabrous-punctation; abdomen indistinctly punctated. L. 1-1. 2mm.

(Page 272)

In the o the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen with a transverse row
of four small carina, posterior margin of the sixth at middle with two fine,
close set spines and at each side a somewhat longer and more robust spine
or tooth. - There is seemingly some irregularity in tne sex-characters of
the o . Several authors describe the sixth free dorsal joint as having a
triangular tooth at middle, and a larger et each side (cf. Mulsant, GJangl-
bauer), others, that it has three teeth, however not describing these (cf.
Seidlitz: Fauna baltica), and still others, describe it with two fine spines
at middle and a more robust tooth at each side {i. "?aterhouse, see Fowlers
■^lol. Brit. I si.). The last I have found confirmed by investigation of the
here found animals.

In fungi, often in colonies; distributed in North and Middle Europe, but
rare in Denmark or very local (Vang forest, Vendsyssel, Hinnerup forest;
tommerup, Fyn; Br;ideskov at Hiller^d et Al.).

■465-

(Pa^e 87 P)

12. ^. msnca Sr.

(Hrichs. Sen. Spec. Staph. 190; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 3ei; Thorns. Skand.
Col. II, 268; J/.uls. et Rey Brevip. 1671, 72; :;anjlb. Kef. M. II, 303).

A little larger and more robust xhan minima, identifiable by the color
and sex-characters of the o^ ,

Fitch-black, glistening; abdominal tip, ana most often also elytral
humeri red- or yellow-brown; antennae, mouth-parts and legs yellow.

Head on the sides with rather fine and scattered punctation; antennae
robust, their middle and next-last joints (5-10) strongly transverse; pro-
notum short, tv^ice as broad as long, with smoothly rounded sides, together
with head and pronotum particularly finely reticulated in surface, dorsal
side, and especially at middle of this with rather coarse, scattered punc-
tation, with two somevhat larger punctures et middle before posterior mar-
gin; elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, with rather fine and even, but
not dense granulate-punctatl on; abdomen indistinctly punctated. L. 1.3 mm.

In the S^ the posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal Joint of abdomen
with two slightly inwardly curved, acute teeth, separated by a broad inter-
val; the next-last ventral joint is prolonged ^nd broadly rounded off at tip.

Principally on tree-fungi and under bark of fungusy stumps and trunks;

rare or very rare, and heretofore apparently only found in Sjaelland (j0rholm,

Bognaes, Vall^). Lliddle and Korth iiurope; rare in Skaane (Thorns.).

2. Subgenus Phaenogyra liuls. et Pey.

13. J. gtrictula Er,

(Srichs. 5en. Spec. Staph. 191; Kraatz Ins. C. II, 350; Muls. et Fey Bre''-
vip. 1671, 80; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 303).

■Ae($-

(Page 272)

A slightly elongete, anteriorly ritl}el-l gtronjly narrowing species *ith
narrower head, smaller eyes, longer temples and narrower pronotum than
any of the preceding species; further recognizeable by the color.

(Page 273)

Pitch-black or brown-black, with greasy gloss; elytra often reddish-
brown at middle; antennae, mouth-parts and legs yellow.

The entire surface of the body especially finely reticulated and due
to this with modulated shine; the head a little narrower than pronotum,
posteriorly not strongly narrowing, with rather large, but not strongly
protruding eyes, and of same length as the temples; on sides with rather
fine and sparse punctation; antennae from the first joint smoothly thick-
ened distally, the middle joints feebly, the next-last more strongly trans-
verse, l^nd iV times as broad as long. Pronotum li times as broad as long,
feebly narrowing anteriorly, with rounded sides, at middle with two, most
often feebly depressed, somewhat Irregular longitudinal rows of punctures;
elsewhere with simple punctation; elytra amply 1//^ times as long as pro-
notum and much broader than this, feebly broadened posteriorly, with scat-
tered and very fine granulate-punctation; abdomen indistinctly punctated.
L. 1.3-1.5 mm.

In the d^ the fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen with a transverse row
of six granules, posterior margin of the sixth at middle with two very
small, short spines and at each side with a longer, inv.ard curved tooth
or spine; on dorsal side, midway before posterior margin as a rule (when
the joint is not drawn in) two small granules are visible (fig. 58).

Distributed and frequent in all our forest regions, on labyrinthian

■ 467-

(Pa^e ?.1Z)

fungi on beech and oak stub?, most often numerous. Central Europe.

14. J. polita Gravh.

(iravh. Mior. 99; Erichs. Kaf. f'k. Br. I. ?69; Gen. Spec. Staph. 190;
Kraatz Ins. L. II, 360; Thorns. Skand. Col, II, 269; Gan^lb. Kaf. :.:. II,
304. - brevlcornls I.Iuls. et Key Erevip. 1871, 84).

Much like strictula, from which it (cf. Kraat^ and Ganglbauer) prin-
cipally is separated by; that it most often is a little smaller and hard-
ly as dark in color; the antennae shorter, their middle and next-last joints
(5-10) much more stronjly transverse and more evenly broad; pronotum and
especially elytra more distinctly punctated. L. 1.2 mm.

In the df^ the abdominal sex-characters nearly formed as in strictula.
however the corner-teeth of the sixth free tergite are shorter.

Said to occur together with strictula in tree-fungi, but is in Middle
Europe more rare than this. In this country heretofore not observed, pos-
sibly overlooked, contrariwise found in Skaane (Thorns.).

15. J. boleti Linn.

(Linne' Syst. Nat. X, 423; lirichs. ^en. Spec. Staph. 191; Kraatz Ins.
C. II, 361; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 269; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1871, 87j Ganglb.
Kaf. Iw. II, 304; - punctipennls Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 269).

Very small and comparatively narrow, smallest species of the jenus;
furthermore also identifiable by punctation of pronotum.

(Page 274)

Pitch-black or darkly brown; the elytra as well as base and tip of ab-
domen lighter; antennae, mouth-parts and legs yellow.

By form of head, not strongly protruding eyes and distinctly, feebly
oblique temples, it allies itself with strictula; the antennae are dis-

-463-

(Page 274)
tinctly thickened distally, their middle and next-last Joints transverse;
pronotum twice as broad as long, all over v.ith evenly and fine, but not
dense punctation; elytra with fine and not dense scabrous punctatlon, v.ith-
out sutural stripe, parallel, shorter than thtir breadth together; abdomen
entirely with extremely fine punctation. L. 0.7-1 mm.

In the <3'^ the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen at tip emarginate ((ianglb.),
In tree-fungi and most often numerously; distributed in North and Mid-
dle Europe; in this country seemingly very rare and local, heretofore ap-
parently only found at Sonderborg ("ustnei). Skaane "rare in pine-fungi"
(Thorns. ) .

3. Subgenus Agaricochara Kr.
16. J. laevicollis Kr.

(Kraatz Stett. Ent. Ztg. XV, 1854, 186; Ins. D. II, 362; Muls. et Fey
Br^vip. 1871, 93; 5anglb. Kaf. M. II, 3C4).

Most often a little longer than the preceding species and also a little
broader, especially identified by the extremely feeble punctation of pro-
notum and proportionately long elytra.

Yellow-brown or brown, feebly glistening, particularly finely haired;
the head pitch-black or brownish; pronotum yellow-red or brownish-red; . el-
ytra brownish-yellow with a dark shade or obliterated spot across the middle
and before hind corners; abdomen most often pitch-brov.n or pitch-black with
lighter tip; antennae brownish, their base, mouth-parts and legs yellov-.

Head, pronotum and elytra particularly finely reticulate ( shagreened) ;
the head a little narrower than pronotum, only feebly narrowing posteriorly

-469-

(Page 274)
and with not strongly protruding eyes, indistinctly punctated; antennae
proportionately long, feebly thickened dietally, their fourth joint longer
than broad, and longer than in boletl , minima et al., the middle and next-
last Joints (5-10) feebly tramsverse. Pronotum narrower than elytra, more
than twice as broad as long, with rather strongly rounded sides, indistinct
or extremely fine, scattered punctation; elytra at least 1^ times as long
as pronotum, as long as their breadth together, rather fine and dense,
feebly rugose punctation; abdomen especially finely or indistinctly punc-
tated, its first two free dorsal Joints longer than the following. L. 1-1.
2 mm.

In the o the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen in posterior margin
with two, inwardly directed spines, separated by a broad incision.

Distributed in South and Middle Europe; in this country so far only
found in 3k0rping forest, south of Aalborg (1 specimen on a tree-fungus,
8. 1885, author), and at ?Iaderslev (Andersen). Denmark is probably its north-
ern boundary. (Page 275)

40. Jenus Snceohalus "'estw.

('"estwood 7uer. f.vag. "^ool. Til, 1833, pi. 69; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 351;
Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 265; Muls. st Pey Ere'vip. 1871, 11; langlb. Kaf.
M. II, 304).

From Jyrophaena, to which Sncephalus is closely allied, it is easily
separated by the following pronounced characters:

Body ovate, very short and broad, almost without punctation or hair
vestiture; the head deeply imbedded in pronotum; the eyes slightly protru-
ding; antennae short, distinctly thickened distally, and not only their

.4r7©-

(Paje 275)
fourth joint, like in jyrophaena. but also the fifth very email, the fol-
lowing middle and next-last Joints (c-lO) increasingly strongly trans-
verse, at least t\Nice as broad as long. Fronotum about three times as broad
as long, posteriorly almost as broad as elytra, narrowing anteriorly with
rounded sides, almost rightangular hind corners and very finely bounded
posterior margin, at middle convex; the elytra scarcely longer than pro-
notum, broadest posteriorly and with almost even posterior margin; abdom-
en broad, with rounded sides, dorsally concave, with high side-mergins,
ventral side ovate convex. The ability of Gyrophaena to curve abdomen
upward and forward, is in Encephalus. by the ..peculiar structure of abdomen,
so strongly developed, that this can bend entirely forward closing over the
forebody, whereby the ventral side is upward. In this position the follov»ing
species acqires more likeness with a small, round Ajathidium than with a
Staphylinid.

In Middle and North Europe only one species occur which also is found in
our country.

1. E. complicans "estw.

('Testw. luer. Mag. Zool. III. _ 1833, pi. 6S; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 366.
Jen. Spec. Staph. 183 fiyrophaena]] ; Kraatz Ins. C. II, 352; Thorns. Skand.
Col. II, 265; Muls. et Pey Br^vip. 1871, 14; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 305).

In combination with the above described characters easily identified by
the color.

Black, somewhat greasy glistening, not haired; posterior margin and
corners of pronotum narrowly translucent brown-yellow; elytra at middle
most often brown-red; antennae, mouth-parts and legs rust-red.

-471-

(Page 27!S)

Body irapunctate, but in surface ground particularly finely shagreened
and therefore with modulated shine. L. 2 ram.

In the ^ sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen in posterior margin at each
side with a spine or acute tooth.

Very rare and always only found singly under leaves and moss on damp
or semi-damp f orest-jround, also at fungi and in alluvium (Charlottenlund,
IlillerBd, Lethraborg; Odense; Randers, Lundbykrat at Aalborg et al.); Skaane
(Thorns.). (Page 276)

41, ienus Brachlda Muls. et Rey.

(Iviuls. et Rey Brevip. 1871, 4j San^lb. Kaf. M. II, 305).

By the short, broad, somewhat oval form of the bod^- , two-jointed labial
palpi, four-jointed middle-tarsi (fore-t. 4-, hind-t. S-jointed), also by
broadly separated middle-coxae, and by that at tip broadly emarginate meso-
sternum between the coxae, Brachida is more closely related to jyrophaena
and Sncephalus than to Homalota, to which genus the following species was
formerly ascribed (cf. Kraatz Ins. D. II, 323). From Jyrophaena and Bncephalus
it is principally separated by, that the first joint of labial palpi is
strongly thickened, the body more strongly convex and distinctly haired,
and that posterior margin of pronotum is much more finely bounded.

In Middle and North Surope only 1 species is found.

1. B. exigua Heer.

(Heer Faun. Helv. I, 312 [iyrophaenaj ; >anglb. Kaf. M,. II, 306. - notha
Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph, 126; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 323; Sharp Fev. Brit.
Horn. 269 ["Homalota]; Liuls. et Rey Brevip. 1671, 7. - piloga Kampe Stett.
Ent. Ztg. XI, 1850, 348 [jyrophaenaj ) .

.4'7£.

(Page 276)

A small species, distinguished by the broad, short-oval and strongly
convex form of the body, also by very short, broad, strongly glistening
pronotum and principally identified thereby.

Black or pitch-brown, glistening, with rather sparse and long, somewhat
rough gray hair vestiture, along sides bristle-haired; antennal base, mouth-
parts and legs rust-red or brownish-yellow.

The head is narrower than pronotum, strongly bent downward, posteriorly
only feebly narrowing, dorsally rather finely and densely punctated, with
rather large, somewhat protruding eyes and sharply marginated temples and
^■enae; antennae rather short, smoothly thickened distally, their third
joint shorter and finer than the second, the fourth hardly longer than
broad, the next-last rather strongly transverse. Pronotum more than twice
as broad as long, very short, almost as broad as elytra, anteriorly narrow-
ing, with rounded sides and posterior margin, strongly and broadly convex,
with scattered and fine punctation, strongly glistening; the elytra scar-
cely longer than pronotum, broad, convex, rather finely and densely punc-
tated, their posterior margin inside the outer corners scarcely incurved;
abdomen short and broad, roundly tapering, very finely and sparsely punc-
tated; ventral side convex and like in the O-yrophaens species abdomen aiost
often curved upwards. First joint of hind tarsi longer than the following,
but not as long as the two following together. L. 2 mm.

In the d' the elytra posteriorly at side of the suture with a sharp,
glistening grain; posterior margin o^" sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen
at middle emarginate (Sharp, Janglb.).

-473-

(•P&i^e 276)

Distributed in Middle (and ? North) Europe; heretofore however not

-(Paje 277)'

found in this country, nor in Sweden. It lives on damp ground under leaves

and moss, at the root of grasses and the like, said also to be found on

tree-fungi.

4. division Hy,;ronomica«

The head anteriorly not snout-like prolonged; antennae 11-jointed.

Tarsi all 4-Jointed.

To this only 1 ^enus.

42. Jenus Hy^ronoma "^^r.

(Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 512; Jen. Spec. Staph, 7?; Kraatz Ins. E. II,
340; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 270; Muls. et Eey Brevip. 1873, 01; Janglb.
Kaf. U. II, 312).

Body elongate, flat and evenly broad; the head porrect, across the rath-
er large, somewhat protruding eyes fully as broad as pronotum, posteriorly
roundly narrowing, with rather long ventrally immarginate temples; the an-
tennae reach over the posterior margin of pronotum and only feebly thick-
ened distally. The left mandible at middle with a robust tooth; the third
joint of maxillary palpi is longer than the second, feebly thickened, the
fourth very small and spiculiform; tongue short, cleft into two lobes, each
with an offset obtuse tip; labial palpi three-jointed.

Pronotum anteriorly almost as broad as elytra, as broad as long, pos-
teriorly feebly narrowing, with roundly-obtuse-angular hind corners; elytra
''/^longer than pronotum, with almost parallel sides, their posterior mar-
gin inside the outer corners scarcely incurved; abdomen elongate, feebly
broadened hindward, its first four free dorsal joints depressed-transverse-

-474-

(Page 277)

grooved at base and of equal length, the fifth longsr than the fourth.

The legs short; tarsi short and flat, all 4-jointed, the first three joints

cleft at tip, claw-joint roundly sole-shaped and terminated with a small

wart ( a rudimentary' fifth joint ?), upon which the claws are attached;

first joint of hind tarsi as long as the two following together.

Only 1 species is known of this genus, which is distributed in North

and Middle Europe, and which lives at lakes, swamps and streams on water

plants.

1. H. dimidiata Gravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 149; Erichs. Kaif. Mk. Br. I, 313; Jen. Spec. Staph. 80;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 341; Thorns. Skand. Col. 11,271; Muls. et Bey Brevip.
1873, 94; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 312).

In combination with the flat, evenly broad form of the body, and other
above denoted chai-acters this species is easily identified by the sharply
defined colors of the elytra.

(Page 278)

Black, dull, very finely and rather densely haired; elytra yellow, but
their foremost third part limited black; antennae brownish, their base,
mouth-parts and legs red-yellow.

Sorsally the entire body with particularly dense, on head robust, else-
where rather fine punctation; the head large, flat, in the o at middle
slightly impressed; second end third joints of the antennae .about, equally
loEii, the next-last scarcely transverse; pronotum (see above) flat, at middle
more (3*) or less (p ) distinctly grooved, together with elytra and abdomen
without erect side-bristles. L. 2.6-3 mm.

.47&-

(Page 278)

In the o the next-last ventral joint of abdomen somewhat prolonc^ed
and rounded off at tip.

At lakes, swamps and streams on water plants and in alluvium; in this
country often found here and there in North SJaelland, otherwheres very
rare (Odense). Rare in Skaane (Thorns.)*

5. Division Oli.^otina.
The head anteriorly not snout-shaped prolonged. Antennae only 10-jointed,
All tarsi 4-jointed.

To this only 1 ^enus.

43. lenus Oligota Mannh.

(Mannh. Brach. 78; Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 326; Gen. Spec. Staph. 179;

Kraatz Ins. D. II, 346; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 262, 263; Oli.'^ota-H Mlcrocera;

Iiluls. et Rey Brevip. 1873, 58, 108: Microcera + Oligota; ianglb. Kaf. M.
II, 306).

Oligota spocies belong to the very smallest among the Alsocharines.

Body slightly convex, in some species evenly broad and narrow, in others

more oval or ovate (subg. Holobus) ; the head without neck, rather embedded

in the pronotum anl eomevhat bent downward, with normally large, slightly

protruding eyes, and indistinctly marginate temples and genae; antennae

short, 10- jointed, toward tip club-like thickened, their first two joints

rather thick, the third joint small and much shorter than the second, ob-

conic, the two or three following joints small, rounded, the next-last

(8-9 or 6-9) in combination with the large ovate distal joint form a more

or less sharply defined three-five-jointed club. Maxillary palpi rather

■ 476-

(Page ST'i)
long, their third joint in some species (e.g. pusillima) ovate, in most
oi' them more elongate, distal Joint small, spiculiform; labial palpi in-
distinctly three-jointed.

Pronotum short, at Lase about a^ broad as elytra; these most often
distinctly longer than pronotum, their mutual posterior margin at middle
broadly incurved; abdomen in several species rather eq^ually broad, in others

(Page 279)
strongly tapering, its first three free dorsal joints most often depressed
at base; legs slender, tibiae very finely stiff -haired, all tarsi 4-jointed,
first joint of hind tarsi as long as the following two joints together.

In several particulars Oli.^ota approaches the genus Hypooyptus amon^
the Tachyporines. The antennae in both only IC-jointed, and tarsi 4-joint-
ed; but in 01 i:; Ota the antennae are inserted on forehead - in Ilypocyptus
under side-margin of forehead - distal ly more robustly clavate and the
club more distinctly defined; the body either of more uniform width. or, even
in subg. Holobus, less ovate than in Hypocyptus.

Most of the GliTota species live on semi-damp ground under leaves and
moss and is often found in alluvium, but several species occur indoors in
outhouses and cellars in waste. A half score species are distributed through-
out Middle and North Europe, and of these, 5 are heretofore found in Ben-
mark; 2 of the others are included in the following.

Key to Subgenera and Species.
1. Abdomen short, strongly tapering; body as a whole oblong-oval: 2. Subg.
Holobus Sol 6.

-477-

(Page 279)

1. Abdomen of uniform oread th or not strongly tapering; body as a whole

uniformly broad or only feebly fusiform: 1. Subg. Oligota s. str.:2.

2. Antennal club three-Jointed 3.

Antennal club f our-f ive-jointsd 5.

3. Color of body principally black 4.

Body red-brown (or lighter), head and foremost abdominal joints pitch-
brown, abdominal tip reddish-yellow. L. 0.7-C.P mm.: g. 0. parva Kr.

4. Antennae, mouth-parts and legs yellou; body narrow. L. 0^7-0.9 mm....

1 . 0. pusillima Gravh.

Antennae, mouth-parts and legs brownish; body broader. L. G.7-1 mm.
3 . 0. atoaaria S r .

5. Elytra black; body comparatively oroad. L. 1-1. S mm.: 4. 0. granaria Sr.
aiytra and abdominal tip red-brovin| body narrower. L. G.7-1 mm....

5. 0. inflate Mannh.

6. Antennal club f our-f ive-jointed; abdominal tip reddish-yellov<. L. 1 mm.

6. 0. apicata Sr.

Antennal club sharply defined three-jointed; abdomen entirely black.

L- 1 mm 7. 0. flavicornis Lac.

1. Subgenus Gligot;:t s. str.

1. 0. pusillima iravh.

(Jravh. Ivlon. 175; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I 363; Jen. Spec. Staph. 17£;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 347; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 262; L'uls. et Pey Brevip.
1873. 150; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 311).

A very small and narrow species, of uniform breadth; in combination

vuith the shape identifiable by three-jointed antennal club, and by the color

of antennae and legs.

-478-

(Page 27 S)

Black with brownish abdominal tip, ^ilisteninj, findy haired; club
of antennae most oft«n brownish, their base, maxillary palpi and le^s rsd-
dish yellow. - (Page 280)

"Head rather broad, however narrower than pronotum, with extremely fine,
scattered punctation; antennal club three- jointed, but not sharply defined,
inasmuch as the seventh antennal joint is feebly transverse and broader
than the rounded sixth joint. Pronotum posteriorly as broad as elytra,
twice &s broad as. long, anteriorly roundly-narrowing, at middle anterior-
ly strongly convex, with extremely fine, scattered punctation and togeth-
er with the head more strongly glisteninj than the elytra and abdomen;
elytra hardly longer than pi^onotuni with very fine rough, scabrous sculp-
ture, their sides almost straight; abdomen of uniform breadth, sculptured
about like the elytra, its fourth and fifth free dorsal joints of equal
length and longer than the two preceding joints. L. 0.7-0.5 mm.

Distributed everywhere in Europe, and not rare in this country, in
leaf mold in forests, gardens and parks, also under offal of hay and straw
in stables and outhouses, at the foot of haystacks ei ai.

2. 0. parva Kr.

(Kraatz Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1862, 300; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1873, 131;
Janglb. Kaf. I.i. II, 310).

From pusillima. which it resembles in form, sculpture and size, also

in the structure of the antennae, it is easily separated by the color and

more feeble gloss of the body, also that the fifth free dorsal joint of

abdomen is longer than the fourth.

-47S-

■.V3J.- XBi'.

(Page 280)

Red-brown or brownish-yellow, feebly or dully glistening, finely hair-
ed; the head and the foremost abdominal joints pitch-brown, abdominal tip
reddish-yellow; antennal club brownish, their base, maxillary palpi and
legs yellow. L. 0.7-0. ^ mm.

A cosmopolitan species, widely distributed at shipping ports, often
numerous in harbours of South and ^est Europe, especially in hips of earth-
nut cakes, also on the strand under alluvium (Sanglb.); in Denmark found
only in few numbers at Odense (9. 1907. Jorgensen).

3. 0. atomaria Sr.

(Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 363; Jen. Stdc. Staph. 180; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
348; Muls. et Rey Ere'vip. 1873, 142; Janglb. Kaf. '1. II, 311).

Very closely allied to pusillima. but most often a little larger, e-
specially broader, with somewhat longer elytra and more tapering abdomen;
antennal club sharply three-Jointed.

Black, glistening, finely haired; abdominal tip brownish; antennae,
mouth-parts and legs pitch-brown. L. 0.7-1 ram.

Distributed in Middle lurope and England; under certain fern leaves

and other plant waste (Fowler); heretofore not with certainty denoted in

this country. (Page 281)

4, 0. .^ranaria 3r.

(Srichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 364; Jen. Spec. Staph. 181; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 349, f.luls. et Rey Brevip, 1873, 105; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 31C.-
pentatoma Forst.).

Short fusiform, with four (f ive)-jointed antennal club, and in combi-
nation with the color identified thereby.

-430

(Page 281)

Body much broader than in the preceding species, narrowing anteriorjy
and posteriorly; head and pronotum rather densely and very finely punctated.
The last four Joints of the antennae (7-10) together form a robust club; the
sixth jOint is considerably narrower than the seventh, but broader than the
fifth and is occasionally considered' as part of the club, which then be-
comes five-jointed (pentatoma F^rst.)- Pronotum posteriorly as broad as
the elytra anteriorly, anteriorly strongly, roundly narrowing, convex;
elytra //? longer than pronotum, with slightly arcuate sides, with fine
and dense, scabrous sculpture; abdomen narrowing posteriorly, finely and
densely punctated, its fifth free dorsal joint longer than the fourth.
L. 1-1. 2 mm.

Very rare. It lives in outhouses and cellars on ?/ucedo cellar! s. which
grows on old tubs, woodwork and walls (Mulsant) and is here found in com-
pany with Gryptophagus species, Mycetaea hirta and Orthoperus, presumably
in pursuit of their young. (Cbpenhagen, Lyngby, S/Jborg, Kanders).
b'iddle Europe.

5. 0. inflata iSannh.

(Mannh. Brach. 72; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 310. - subtills Erlchs. Kaf. I'.k,
Br. I, 364; Jen. Spec. Staph. 180).

Narrower than granaria. feebly fusiform, further identifiable by the
four-jointed club of the antennae, and color of the elytra.

Black or pitch-black, glistening, finely haired; elytra and abdominal
tip, sometimes also pronotum brown or red-brown; club of the antennae brown-
ish, their base, mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellow.

.481-

(Page 281)
Head and pronotum particularly finely, almost invisibly punctated;
antennal club four-jointed, inasmuch as the seventh antennal joint is dis-
tinctly broader than the sixth; pronotum posteriorly as broad or hardly
as broad as fore-marjin of the elytra, anteriorly roundly narrowed, convex;
elytra Vi longer than pronotum, with sllghtlja arcuate sides, very fine and
dense, scabrous sculpture; abdomen posteriorly slightly narrowinj, sculp-
ture same as of elytra, its fifth free dorsal joint distinctly longer than
the fourth. L. 1 mm.

Our most frequent species after pusillima, but as a whole however rare.
It occurs as well in cellars and outhouses in waste, as under fa^ot and
leaves in -gardens and voods or in debris at the foot of straw- and hayricks.
Distributed all over Surope.

(Page 282)
2. Subgenus Holobus Sol.
(Microcera Thorns.).
6. 0. apicata Erichs.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 365; ien. Spec. Staph. 182; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
349; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 264; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1673, 115; 3anglb.
Kaf. M. II, 309. - abdominal is Scriba) .

Ovate, and in shape not unlike a small Hypocyptus, posteriorly strongly
narrowing; in combination with the shape easily identified by the conspi-
cuous light tip of abdomen, and by the five-jointed club of the antennae.

Black, glistenin£;, very finely haired; last three joints of abdomen,
antennae, mouth-parts and legs clear reddish yellow. Elytra and pronotum
sometimes brownish.

.4BS-

(Page 282)

Head and pronotum extremely finely and rather densely punctated; sixth
joint of the antennae distinctly broader than the fifth and together with
the four following more robust joints, form a smoothly thickened five-joint-
ed club. Pronotum posteriorly as broad as elytra, strongly narrowing an-
teriorly, with slightly rounded sides, convex; elytra //:? longer than pro-
notum, with very fine, scabrous sculpture, sides feebly rounded; abdomen
strongly tapering from base, with particularly fine, isolated punctation,
its fifth free dorsal joint much longer than the fourth. L. 1 mm,

''idely distributed in Europe. Very rare in this country; a few speci-
mens in crumblings under bark of beech in Sk;^rping forest, south of Aal-
borg (author), a few from Lolland, and a bakery in Copenhagen (L0vendal).
Very rare in Skaane (Thorns.).

7. 0. flavicornis Lac.

(Eoisd. et Lac. Faun. Ent. I, 521; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 364; Gen.
Spec. Staph. 181; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 350; Ihoms. Skand. Col. II, 263; ;,uls.
et Rey Brevip. 1873, 102; Janglb. Kaf. K. II, 309).

Of same Hypocyptus-like shape as apicata, furthermore identifiable
by the color and by the three- jointed club of the antennae.

Glistening black, very finely haired; extreme tip of abdomen brownish;
antennae and mouth-parts yellow; legs brownish-red.

Head and pronotum extremely finely and rather densely punctated; club
of the antennae sharply offset, three-jointed; pronotum posteriorly as broad
as elytra, strongly narrowing anteriorly, with feebly rounded sides; elytra
i time longer than pronotum, with slightly arcuate sides, sculpture same
as in preceding species; abdomen strongly narrowing posteriorly, rather

-483-

(Page 282)
robustly and densely punctated, its fifth free dorsal Joint much longer
than the fourth. L. 1 mm.

Distributed in Middle Europe; also found on damp ground in Skaane
(Thorns.); in Denmark not so far discovered,

(Page 283)
6, Division Diglossina.
Head snout-like tapering, and maxillary palpi peculiarly long, especial-
ly their second and third joints are very elor^gated. All tarsi 4-jointed.
. To this only one genus.

44. (ienus Diglossa Hal.

(Haliday. Bnt. Mag. IV. 1637, 252; P/Iuls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 74; 3an^lb.
Kaf. M. II, 313).

The few species of this genus are in appearance somewhat like Fhytosus
and some Trot^ophloeus species. Like these it is equipped for rootini or
digging in the sand, and especially characterized by peculiarities of head,
mouth-parts, legs and tarsi.

The head obpyriform, posteriorly thick, rounded off, but not consti iG4-
ed, convex, broader than pronotum, anteriorly snout-like tapering, with rath-
er small and not protruding eyes; temples and genae not marginated; anten-
nae rather short, only feebly thichened distally, their first two joints
elongate, the third much shorter than the second, the next-last feebly trass-
verse; niandibles long and slender, far protruding, at tip slightly curved
and crossea; maxillary palpi especially long, their second and third joints

.434-

(Page 233)
very elongate, the fourth contrariwise extremely short and fine, scarce-
ly visible; labial palpi very long, fine, apparently only two-jointed.
Pronotum anteriorly a little narrower than the head, convex, with
anteriorly rounded, posteriorly constricted, incurvate sides and here
much narrower than elytra, which most often are shorter than pronotum,
and of which the posterior margin inside outer corners is not incurved.
Abdomen of uniform breadth or feebly broadened posteriorly, its first four
free dorsal joints transverse-grooved depressed at base, the fifth longer
than each of the preceding; legs rather robust with large protruding fore-
coxae; tibiae haired with a few spines at the tip; all tarsi short, 4-joinV
ij ed, claw-joint comparatively thick and provided with peculiar, angulate bent
claws; first joint of hind tarsi hardly as long as the two following, short
joints together, as long as the claw-joint.

The species, few in numbers, live exclusively on the ocean beach, where
they dig -themselves into the sand and under stones where they often are wash-
ed over by the tide water. In this country 1 species is found, which to-
gether with an other, closely allied species, is distributed at the coasts
of ^est Europe,

(Page 284)
1. D. mersa Hal.

(Hal. Ent. Mag. IV. 252; Muls. et Fey Brevip. 1873, 84; langlb. Kaf. M.

II, 314).

Very small, narrow, wingless; in combination with the above described
generic characters identified by especially short elytra.

-485-

(Page 284)

Black, distinctly white- or gray-haired; forebody almost dull, abdom-
en rather glistening; elytra sometimes brownish; antennae, mouth-parts,
and legs bro»nish-red.

The head with fine and dense, pronotum fine and very dense punctati-
on; the head (see above) posteriorly thick, a little broader than prono-
tum; middle joints of the antennae (4-7) rounded, the next-last feebly
transverse; pronotum as long as anteriorly broad, posteriorly strongly
narrowing with anteriorly rounded, posteriorly iacurvate sides, rather
convex, at medial line sometimes feebly grooved; elytra distinctly short-
er than pronotum, flat and parallel; abdomen feebly broadened posteriorly,
with fine and isolated punctation. L. 1,5-2 mm.

It has lately been discovered and collected in numbers under stones
and seaweeds on the strand at Esbjerg ( Jensen-Haarup et al.). It is pro-
bably more widely distributed, principally along the coast of "'est Jutland.

A closely allied, winged and a little larger species, D. submarina
Fairm. , with longer elytra, more densely punctated and posteriorly more
strongly widened abdomen, is known from the coasts of Ireland and North
France.

7. Division Myllaenina.

The head snout-like tapering; maxillary palpi very long, their second
and third joints especially elongated; fore-tarsi and middel-tarsi 4-joint-
ed; only hind tarsi 5-jointed,

To this only 1 genus.

-486-

(Page 234)

45, 5enus Myllaena Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 382; 3en. Spec. Staph. 20S; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 367; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 15; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1873, 34; CJanglb.
Kaf. M. II, 317).

By broad pronotum and most often strongly tapering abdomen, the fine
and dense punctation of entire body, also by the silky-glistening dense
hair vestiture the Myllaena species acquire in appearance not a little
likeness with the species of Qxypoda. with which they also in mode of .
living have much in common. They ar easily separated from these by form
of the head, and structure of tarsi.

The head (Fig. 99) is rather small, narrower than pronotum, strongly

bent downward, posteriorly strongly embedded in pronotum, rounded off, but

not constricted, anteriorly snout-like tapering with large labrum, and

with medium size, not protruding eyes, and margined temples and genae.

(Page 285) — '

Antennae thin and slender, rarely very feebly thickened distally, their

second joint elongate and longer than the first and third, the following

joints (4-10) longer than broad, or the next-last very feebly transverse;

mandibles not prominent; maxillary palpi very long, their second and third

joints especially elongate, the third fusiform and as long as the first

two antennal joints together, the fourth spiculiform and scarcely visible;

labial palpi long, bristle-shaped, two-jointed.

Fig. 99. Head of Myllaena dubia (Jravh. Ibr. labrum, 1. e. maxil-
"lary palpal lobe, p. lab. labial palpus, p. mx. maxillary palpus.

Pronotum as broad as or broader than elytra, Ij times as broad as long.

-487-

(Page 285)
anteriorly narrowing, with rounded sides and obtuse-angular or almost straight
hind corners, posterior margin inside these feebly emarginate; elytra most
often as long as pronotum, rarely shorter, their posterior margin inside
the outer corners most often sharply, sometimes almost angularly incurved;
abdomen more or less strongly tapering, sharply margined, at tip distinct-
ly bristle-haired; its foremost free dorsal joints not depressed at base,
and the fifth distinctly longer than each of the four preceding joints, which
are equally long; legs not long; fore- and middle-tarsi 4- jointed, hind tarsi
5- jointed, and first joint of these almost twice as long as each of the three
following equally long joints.

itiyllaena species are lively, very agile, small or very small Staphylinids ,
which all live on damp or very wet ground; several species are numerous in
alluvium. In North and Middle Europe about half a score species are found,
and of these 5 are heretofore found in this country; a couple of the others,
which possibly may be discovered yet, are included in the following.

Key to the Species.

1. Body black or brownish-black 2.

Body reddish-yellow, head and abdomen anteriorly however most often

brownish-pitch. Elytra shorter than pronotum. L. 2-2.5 mm

4. M. Irevicornis Matth.

2. Next-last joints of antennae distinctly longer than broad 3.

Next-last joints of antennae as broad as long 5.

3. Elytra as long as pronotum 4.

iilytra distinctly snorter thi.n pronotuni, L. 2.5-3 mm. :3. f.'. Kraatzi Sharp.

»483-

(Page 285)

4. Posterior margin of pronotum inside corners distinctly incurved; abdom-

en strongly tapering. L. 2.5-3 mm 1. K. dubia Jravh.

Posterior margin of pronotum inside corners scarcely incurved; abdomen
less densely tapering. Species somewhat smaller and narrower. L.
2-2.5 mm 2. M. intermedia Er.

5. Antennae distinctly thickened distally. L. 1^5-2 mm. ;5. M. gracilis Matth<

(Page 286)

Antennae not thickened distally 6.

6. Slytra as long as pronotum. L. 1.5^2 :um 6. V.. minuta Iravh,

Elytra shorter than pronotum. L. 1-1,2 mm 7. 'J. infuscata Kr.

1, M. dubia Jravh.

(3ravh. Uon. 173; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 383; Gen. Spec. Staph. 210;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 368; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 15; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip.
1873, 49; (Janglb. Kat. M. II, 319).

One of the largest species, identifiable by elongate outer joints of
the antennae, rather strongly convex pronotum, and tapering abdomen.

Black, feebly glistening, silky fine hair vestiture; tip of abdomen
brownish; basal joint of antennae, mouth-parts and legs brownish red or
pitch-brown.

Body anteriorly broad and rather strongly convex, abdomen very strong-
ly tapering, entire dorsal side extremely finely and densely punctated;
the head rather small; antennae spiculiform, the middle and next-last joints
(4-10) all considerably longer than broad; pronotum posteriorly as broad as
elytra, narrowing anteriorly and with rounded sides, hind corners slightly
pulled back and fitting closely to humeri, posterior margin inside of these
distinctly incurved; Elytra as long as pronotum. L. 2.5-3 mm.

-48B-

(Page 286)

Rather common in this country and everywhere on damp meadovv and forest

ground, also at lake shores in alluvium; distributed throughout the entire

Europe.

2. M. intermedia £r.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 383j ien. Spec. Staph. 210i Kraatz Ins. D. II,
369; Thorns. Skand. Gol. Ill, 16; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1873, 62; (Janglb. Kaf.
M. II, 319).

Somewhat smaller and narrower than dubia, anteriorly more flatly convex,
posteriorly less strongly taperin^^.

Black or brownish black, silky haired, dull; abdominal tip brownish-red;
antennae brownish, their base and tip, mouth-parts and legs brownish-yellow
or brownish red.

Body feebly fusiform, extremely finely and densely punctated; antennae
spiculiform, thinner still than in preceding species, the middle and next-
last joints at least I2 times as long as broad; pronotum flatly convex, pos-
teriorly as broad as elytra, anteriorly slightly narrowing and with feebly
rounded sides, hind corners almost rectangular, not pulled backward, and
posterior margin inside these scarcely Incurved; elytra as long as pronotum;
abdomen tapering. L. 2-2.5 mm.

Distributed throughout Europe on damp groXind and frequent in this con-
try, often very numerous in alluvium at river and lake shores.

(Page 287)
3. M. Kraatzi Sharp.

(Sharp Gat. Brit. Col. 1871, 10; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II, 319. - ^lauca Aube',
Kraatz Ins. L. II, 1057. - elongate- Wuls. et Rey Brevip. 1873, 59).

.490-

(Page 287)

Of same slie as dubla, but more flatly convex and narrower anteriorly,
also with more robust antennae and shorter elytra.

Brownish-black or brown, densely and very finelj- silky haired; abdominal
tip brown-red, suture of elytra often reddish; antennae rust-red, their first
Joints, mouth-parts, and legs yellowish-red.

Body extremely finely and densely punctated; antennae more robust than
in the two preceding species, their next-last joints however distinctly lon-
ger than broad; pronotum broader than elytra, hind corners obtuse and not
pulled backward, posterior margin inside these not incurved; elytra distinct-
ly shorter than pronotum and abdomen not strongly tapering posteriorly (Kraatz)

II L. 2.5-3 mm*

Jistributed in Middle Europe and England, but everywhere rare; also de-
noted in Norway (Vaerdalen); in this country supposedly found in Als (^ust-
nei); presumably it may be found in other places in this country; according
to Fowler (Col. Brit. Isl.) it favours the moor— like, wet ground, where it
occurs in Sphagnum moss.

4, M. brevicornis Matth.

(Matth. Ent. Mag. V. 1838, 196; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1873, 39; Ganglb.
Kaf. M. II, 320.- gracilis Heer, Kraatz Ins. D. II, 369; Thorns. Skand. Col.
Ill, 16).

Easily identified by the color, comparatively broad pronotum and short
elytra.

Keddish-yellow, very finely haired, feebly glistening; head and abdom-
en, with exception of abdominal tip, most often brownish, occasionally pitch-
black.

-4S1.

(Page 287)

Body extremely finely and densely punctated, oblong, feebly fusiform;
antennae shorter and more robust than in dubla, however scarcely thickened
distally, their next-last joints about as broad as long; pronotum propor-
tionately large, rather strongly convex, broader than elytra, with rounded
sides and obtuse, not retracted hind corners; elytra distinctly shorter
than pronotum; abdomen smoothly and not strongly tapering. L. 2-2.5 mm.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, but somewhat local in this

country; most frequent in alluvium at the shores of lakes and watering places,

also on swampy ground in forests under leaves.

5. M. gracilis Matth.

(Matth. Ent. Mag. V. 1838, 197; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II, 320. - forticornls
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 370).

A little larger than mlnuta, narrow and elongate, recognized especially
by comparatively robust, toward tip distinctly thickened antennae.

(Page 288)

Black or browniah-black, densely and finely gray-haired, dull; abdom-
inal tip often brownish; antennae brown, their base, mouth-parts and legs
yellow-brown.

Body extremely finely and densely punctated, their next-last joints at
least as broad as long; pronotum as broad as elytra, flatly convex, anteri-
orly feebly narrowed, with slightly rounded sides and obtuse-angular, scarce-
ly retracted hind corners; elytra as long as pronotum; abdomen rather strong-
ly tapering. L. 1.5-2 mm.

Distributed in England and Middle Europe; in this country heretofore found
only at Hillertfd under leaves and in alluvium at forest ponds (Author 4, 1910).

.49S.

(Page 288)

6. M« mlnuta Jravh.

(Jravh. Mon. 174; Brichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 384; Sen. Spec. Staph. 811;
! Kraatz Ins. C. II, 369; Thorns. Skand. Ool. Ill, 16; Muls. et Eey Brevip.
I 1873, 52; (Jan^lb. Kaf. M. II, 320).

A vary small species, almost only half the size of intermedia, but of
a similar, flat convex shape, and with fine antennae.

Black or brownish black, very fine silky haired and feebly glistening;
abdominal tip and the antennae brown; mouth-parts and legs brownish-yellow.

Body extremely finely and densely punctated; antennae fine, not thick-
ened distally, their next-last joints as broad as long; pronotum posterio-
ly as broad as elytra and with obtuse-angular hind corners, anteriorly some-
what narrowing, with feebly rounded sides; elytra as long as pronotum, and
abdomen rather strongly tapering. L. 1.5 mm.

Distributed throughout the greater part of Europe, and common in this

'I country on all sorts of damp ground, most often very numerous in alluvium.

7. M. infuscata Kr.

(Kraatz Stett. Ent. Ztg. XIV, 1853, 373; Ins. D. II, 371; Muls. et Rey
Brevip. 1873, 66; Sanglb. Kaf. M. II, 321. - ? minima Kraatz Ins. D. 11,371).

Of size with or a little smaller than minuta, more uniformly brdad, iden-
tified especially by the color and the short elytra.

Black-brown, finely and densely gray-haired, silky glistening; abdominal
tip red-brown; antennae brown, mouth-parts and legs brownish-yellow.

The body extremely densely and finely punctated; antennae a little more

)j robust than in minuta, the next-last joints about as broad as long; prono-

[i
' turn as broad as elytra, with obtuse-angular hind corners and feebly rounded

sides, anteriorly a little narrowing, posterior margin Inside corners indis-

-493^

(Page 288)
tinctly incurved; elytra //j- shorter than pronotum; abdomen only feebly taper-
ing. L. 1-1.5 mm. (Page 289)

Distributed in Middle Europe and England; in lenmark heretofore only
found in alluvium at Lyngby Uoae and on damp boggy ground at Hillerj^d (Auth.
4, 05). Probably more widely distributed, but perhaps often confused with
the preceding species. M. minima Kr. is probably a form of infuscata with
yellow antennae and still shorter elytra than this.

8. Division Jymnueina.

The head anteriorly snoui-like prolonged;, maxillary palpi very long,

their second and third joints especially elongate; all tarsi 5-jointed.

To this only 1 genus.

46. Qenus Gymnusa Oravh.

(Jravh. Mon. Col. Micr. 1806, 172; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 380; Kraatz
I Ins. D. II, 372: Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 240; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1873, 19;
Sanglb. Kaf. M. II, 321).

Body thick and rather convex, without side-bristles; the head (Fig. 100)
vertically decurved and almost to the eyes imbedded in the pronotum, posteri-
orly rather broad, however considerably narrower than pronotum, anteriorly
tapering and snout-like prolonged with an offset, rounded and rather broad
labrum. In contrast to all other Aleocharini species, but in similarity
with several Staphylinids, on vertex of the head with two small bristle-
bearing punctures, which here are placed with considerable interval. The
eyes are oblong, not protruding; temples and genae sharply margined; anten-
nae filiform, their third joint shorter than the second, but not longer than
I the middle and next-last almost equally long joints, all much longer than

-484-

(Page 289)
broad, distal joint only as long as the tenth; mandibles rather slender,
each armed with a robust tooth inside the strongly curved tip; labrum lar-
ge, strongly protruding, attached to clypeus by a free membrane; maxillary
palpi very long, their second and third joints elongate, slender, of same
length, the fourth extraordinarily fine and small, scarcely visible; labi-
al palpi three-jointed, their first joint five times as long as the two
following joints together.

Posteriorly pronotum fits closely to elytra and is here as broad as

these, narrowing anteriorly, at middle convex, before hind corners flatly

(Page 290) ——

depressed; elytra as rilytirn as. long as pronotum, with slightly arcuate sides,

together broadly incurved posteriorly and each with an angular, small in-
cision inside the outer corners; abdomen feebly tapering, rather thich, its
two-three first free dorsal joints feebly depressed at base, and the fifth
much longer than each of the preceding four equally long joints; legs rather
short and slender, all tarsi 5-jointed, first joint of middle and hind tarsi
as long as the two following joints together, tibiae armed with short, scat-
tered spines.

The species live on wet or very damp, swampy ground, under leaves and
in water moss. In Middle and North Europe 2 species are distributed, of which
one is found in this country.

1. a. brevlcoilis Payk.

(Payk. Faun. Suec. Ill, 398; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 381; CJen. Spec. Staph.
212; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 373; Thorns. Skand. Col. II. 241; Muls. et Rey Brevip.
1873. 22; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II, 322).

-48e-

(Page 290)

Deeply black, with very fine and short, rather dense hair vestiturej
head and pronotum strongly glistening; elytra and abdomen dull; first joint
of antennae and the tarsi reddish.

The head almost smooth; pronotum (see above) anteriorly very finely and
rather densely, posteriorly more distinctly punctated; elytra with extre-
mely dense, rather fine scabrous punctation; abdomen very densely and rather
finely punctated; posterior margin of its first four free dorsal joints
densely set with short, uniformly long, pectinate, stiff and somewhat flat
hairs. I. 5>5.5 mm.

In the 6^ posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen very
feebly incurved and the last ventral joint produced into a long tip. In the p
tiie posterior margin of the sixth free dorsal joint with an angular incisi-
on; the sixth ventral joint prolonged at middle and at each side slightly
emarginate; the sixth ventral joint ending in two, closely placed long spines
(thorn-shaped art-pencils: Gerci; cf. Sanglbauer; other authors: Erichson,
Kraatz, Thomson, Mulsant, confuse the sexes).

On boggy ground under leaves, in alluvium and Sphagnum; distributed,
but rare and most often singly.

a. variegata Kiesw, (Kraatz Ins. D. II, 374; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II, 322)
is most often a little smaller than brevicollis, and of more uniform breadth,
with less densely punctated and more glistening abdomen; this as well as
pronotum and elytra are yellow-gray haired in spots. - It is distributed
in England, Central Europe and Finland, but is not likely to occur in this
country.

-496-

(Page 291)

2. Group Tachyporlnl.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 1839, 385; den. Spec. Staph. 213; Kraatz
Ins. Deutschl. II, 377. - Hypocyptlna, Trichophylna, and Tachyporlna
Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, resp. 109, 111 and 145. - Habrocerlens. Tachy«
porlens. Trlchophyens Rey, Brevlp. 1883, resp. 1, 9, and 282. -
- Trlchophylnae, Habrocerlnae and Tachyporinae (Janglb. Kaf. Mitteleur.
1895, II, resp. 324, 326, and 329).

Pronotum behind fore-coxae is hidelike, and its spiracula visibly
exposed. Antennae 11-jointed, only exceptionally (Hypocyptus) 10-joint-
ed, inserted beneath side-margin of forehead in front of eyes (Fig. 101).

The body is more or less fusiform, ordinarily more strongly
narrowed posteriorly than anteriorly; the head is embedded in pro-
notum, and only exceptionally (Trichophya) constricted posteriorly
forming a short, broad neck; eyes not strongly protruding; the anten-
nae (see above) slender and oftenest only feebly thickened outward-
ly toward the tip, occasionally filiform and whorl-haired (Tricho-
phya and Habrocerus).

Pronotum is large, broadest posteriorly, narrowed forwardly,
and anteriorly encircling the embedded part of the bead, its sides
distinctly angular. Elytra oftenest reach out over the metasternum,
and has (except of Trichophya) a fine, more or less sharp margin
from humerus to the hind corner, whereby their over-or inturned
side-pieces (Epipleura) ar« bounded- from the dorsum; occasionally
the suture-stripe is lacking (div. Tachyporina). The abdomen is more
or less gradually tapering to a point, often with angular sides
more rarely round (Conosoma) ; it is not curved upward like that of
Aleocharini. but occasionally downward and inward. The fore-coxae

-I-

Note - the author has called all segments joints. Translator.

(Page 291)
are peg-formed and protruding, hind-coxae rather broad, contiguous
in middle, their coxae-rings (Trochanters) supporting (when the tro-
chanter is rather large, lying dawnward on the upper part of the
femur, it is termed supporting)) the tibiae oftenest with spinesj
the tarsi of Hypocyptus alone 4-jointed, all others 5-Jointed.

Of the larvae of Tachyporini only few are known, belonging to
genera Habrocerus. Leucoparyphus, Tachinus (Schiiidte) Tachyporus
(Schi^dte) and Conosoma.

The majority of our species Tachyporini are by their form of
body easily identified for the group, this can be divided into five
divisions, by the characters of head, antennae, elytra, and tarsi,
of these divisions the two first are often found placed as separa-
te groups (cf. Thome., Rey and Ganglb.)

(Page 292)

Key to Divisions.

1. Antennae from the third joint filiform and whorl-haired ...2.
- Antennae not filiform, feebly or more distinctly thickened

outward 3.

2. Head posteriorly constricted, protruding. Elytra without

side-margin 1. Trichophylna.

Head posteriorly not constricted, imbedded in pronotum.
Elytra with sharp side-margin from humerus to hind-
corner 2. Habrocerlna.

■2-

(Page 292)

3. /vntennae 10-jointed. All tarsi 4-jointea 3. Hypocyptlna.

Antennae 11-jointed. All tarsi 5-jointed 4.

4. Elytra without suture-stripe, lemples and genae not margi-

nated 4. Tachyporina.

Elytra with suture-stripe. Temples and genae marginated*) . .

5 . Bolitobiina.

1. Division Trichophyina.

Antennae from the third joint filiform and whorl-haired,

11-jointed. The head posteriorly constricted, porrect.

Elytra without side-margin. Tarsi 5-jointed.

To this only one genus.

47. Jenus Trichophya Mannh.

(Mannerh. Brach. 73; Kraatz Ins. C. 11, 388; Rey Brevip. 1883,
283; Janglb. Kaf. LI. II, 325. - Trichophyus irichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I,
402; vJen. Spec. Staph. 267; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 112).

This peculiar genus, of which the antennae show agreement with
the following genus, Habrocerus, and with family Trichopterygidae ,
differ from the other Tachyporini namely by this, that the head po-
steriorly is constricted, and elytra, like those of genera Aleocha-
rini, without side-margin.

Body scarcely convex; head narrower than pronotum, triangle-
shaped, porrect, and back of the rather small, protruding eyes
constricted to form a short, broad neck; antennae fully as long
as head and pronotum together, inserted far in front of eyes,
their first two joints very thick, the first conical, the second

-3-
*) meaning - angulose or with ridges, or margins- translator.

(Page 292)
rounded, all the following joints extremely filiform, elongate, long
whorl-haired, from the sixth Joint spool-formed (broad fusiform);
maxillary palpi elongated, their fourth Joint as long, and about as
thick as the third, tapering to a point.

Pronotum at middle nearly as broad as elytra, much broader than
long, with rounded sides, and anteriorly a little more narrowed than
posteriorly, slightly convex, in front of the rounded-off-obtuse
hind corners obliquely depressed, its sides and posterior margin
finely marginate; elytra 1^ times as long as pronotum, without side-
margin, their hind-margin within the outer corners not undulated;
abdomen posteriorly tapering to a point, its first three free dor-
sal joints feebly depressed at base, the fifth longer than the fourth;
the legs rather slender, tibiae with fine hair; tarsi 5-Jointed,

(Page 293)
first Joint of hind-tarsi as long as the following three joints
together.

The one sole species of this genus is distributed throughout

the greater part of Europe, and is also found here (Denmark).

1. T. pilicornis Jtyllh.

(3yllh. Ins. Suec. II, 417; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I. 403; Sen.
Spec. Staph. 268;Kraatz Ins. D. II, 390; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill,
112; P.ey Brevip. 1883, 285; Jang lb. Kaf. U. II, 326).

In form of body not unlike Phloeocharis subtilissima, but at

least twice as large as same, and is however easily identified by

the above stated characters of the genus.

-4-

(Pa^'e 2£3)

Black, somewhat shiny, finely ^ray-haired; elytra and pronotum
often brown or brownish on sides; antennae, mouth-parts, and le^s
brownish-red or brownish-yellow.

Head and pronotum with rather fine and sharp punctation, elytra
with very dense, roujh punctation, and abdomen with dense and very
fine punctation, its sides and tip with long bristle-hair. L. 2.5-3
mm.

Ind'the four first anterior tarsal- joints are distinctly dilated.

Very rare; particularly in gnaw -Grumblings under ttie bark of old
trees and stubs, also underneath heaps of twigs, and in mouldy saw-
dust (Hillerje^d, Uaribo, Silkeborg and other places).

2. Division Habrocerina.

Antennae from the third joint filiform and whorl-haired, 11-joint-
ed. Head posteriorly not constricted, iilytra with sharp side-margin
and thereby terminated side-pieces (£pipleura). Tarsi 5-jointed.

To this only 1 genus.

48. Jenus Habrocerus 'dr.

(Erichs. Kaf. Llk. Br. I, 400; Oen. Spec. Staph. 242; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 391; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 146; Fey Bre'vip. 1883, 2; -ianglb.
Kaf. K. II, 326).

In the characteristics of the antennae Habrocerus is closely
related to Trichophya, but for the rest is more nearly associated
with the true Tach.yporini.

Body is fusiform, flat convex; head bent down and almost to
the eyes embedded in pronotum; eyes rather large, and somewhat con-
vex; antennae as long as head and pronotum together, their first

-5-

(Page 293)
and second joints thick, oblong, the following filiform, long, whorl-
formed-bristle-hair«d, from the fifth spool-formed; maxillary palpi
long, their third joint shorter than the second and fourth, this long
stiletto-formed tapering to a point (styliform).

(Page 294)
Pronotum posteriorly as broad as elytra, anteriorly roundedly
narrowing with rounded-off fore- and hind-corners, rather convex,
with scattered punctures and robust bristle-hair along the margins;
elytra 1/3 longer than pronotum, flat convex, v.ith sharp marginal
ridges on sides and horizontally bent-in side-pieces (Epipleura), the
outer hind-corners rounded off; abdomen rather tapering to a point,
with easily contracting joints, its foremost dorsal joint not depres-
sed at base; sides and tip with long and robust bristle-hair.
Hind-coxae is, in opposition to all other Tachyporini . triangular;
legs' fine, : tibiae finely haired, tarsi b-jointea, first joint of
posterior tarsi as long as the following three joints together.

The only one European species of this genus is widely distrib-
uted in Europe and also found in Denmark.

1. -H. capillaricornis ^ravh.

(iravh. Uon. IC; Erichs. Kaf . Mk. Er. I, 4C1; Jen. wSpec. Staph.
243; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 393; Thorns. Skand. Gol. Ill, 146; Rey Bre-
vip. 1383, 4; Janglb. Kaf. li. II, 328).

The form nearest like a low convex Tachyporus, very easily iden-
tified by the antennae (see above) and the other discribed generic
characteristics, and by- the sex-peculiarities of^andO.

(Page 294)

Black, pitch-black or pitch-brown; head, pronotum, and elytra
almost naked, shiny; abdomen finely haired, with somewhat modified
shine; pronotum, tip uf abdomen, and posterior margins of its joints
often reddish-brov.n; antennae, mouth-parts, and le^^s are brownish
yellov;.

Head and pronotum smooth, the latter only along margins endowed
with single bristle-punctures, the rest entirely without punctation,
elytra with scattered and indistinct punctation , surface finely aciculate;
abdomen with very fine and dense punctation. L. 3-3.5 mm.

Of one of the sexes (<5'?) the next-last dorsal Joint of abdomen
is strongly elongate, covering the last Joint, and at tip broadly
truncated with rounded corners; of the other sex (p ?) contrariwise
not elongated and at tip entirely rounded off, the last Joint uncov-
ered, strongly tapering to a point.

Distributed in this country, and particularly in woodland ri-
gions not infrequent in gnaw-crumbles under the bark of old trees
and stubs, beneath leaf -muftuM and heaps of twigs, and in piles of
leaves in gardens and parks.

3. Division Hypocyptina.

Antennae 10-Jointed. All tarsi 4-Jointed.

To this only 1 jenus in this country.

(Page 295)

49. ienus Hvpocvptus ..'annh.

(Uannerh. Brach. II, tlrichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 387; ien. Spec.
Staph. 214; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 382; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 110;

-7-

(Page 2S5)
Rey Brevip. 1883, 10; ianglb. Kaf. LI. IT, 331).

The body is very small and short, anteriorly strongly or rather
strongly convex, posteriorly strongly tapering to a point; head hy-
pognathouE, short and broad, though narrower than pronotum, and po-
steriorly deeply embedded in same; eyes somewhat protruding; antennae
proportionally long and rather slender, only IC-Jointed, with fine
bristle-hair, their first joint very thick, the second thicker and
longer than middle onesC-3-7), which often are small, and consider-
ably smaller than the three last joints, which form a feebly pronoun-
ced club, in which the distal joint is as large as the tv:0 other
joints together, maxillary palpi long, their third joint as long as
the second, on inner side swollen, the fourth very small, needle-
point-formed.

Pronotum is short and oroad, strongly convex; posteriorly join-
ed closely to elytra and is here about as broad as these, but an-
teriorly strongly rounded off narrowed, so that sides and fore-
margin fit in same rounding. Scutellum is not visible; elytra con-
vex, with sharp side-ridges, with rounded off outer hind-corners
and obtuse-angular suture-corners; abdomen ofteoest strongly co-
nical tapering, with sharp side ridges; after the animal's aeath
it is often so greatly contracted and drawn in under elytra, that
the species thereby gets a rounded appearance, like that of Aga-
thidium. Legs rather short and thin, tioiae haired, all tarsi 4-
jOinted, first joint of .middle &nd posterior tarsi longer, or as
long as the other three together. - i''irst joint of the anterior

(Page 295)
tarsi oft? more or less dilatea, and the next-last ventral joint
of abdomen as a rule with a triangular incision.

The species llypocyptus live mostly on moist or half-iiioist
ground beneath plant-surface; and are therefore often found in al-
luvium, but also at rotting plant-parts, in plant-dung and in gnav.-
crumblings under bark. In North- and Middle-Europe £ species are
found, of which 4 or 5 in Denmark.

Key to Species.

1. Antennal seventh joint a little longer and thicker than the

sixth; club not distinctly set of f . . .Antennae.and legs
brownish yellow. L. 1-1.5 mm.: 1. H. longicornis Payk.
Antennal seventh joint not longer than the sixth; club rather
distinctly set off 2.

2. Antennae dark, often reddish at base 3.

Antennae entirely reddish-yellow 4.

3. Antennal seventh joint a little shorter than the sixth. First

joint of anterior tarsi of cT* rather strongly dilated.

L. 1-1. 2 mm 2. H. laeviusculus Mannh.

Antennal sixth and seventh joints same lenght, rounded. First
joint of anterior tarsi ofd'very feebly dilated. L. 0.7 mm.
3. K. ovulum Ileer.

4. Tip of abdomen brownish, elytra black. L. C.ff-1 mm

4. H. seminulum Er.

lip of abdomen yellow; middle of elytra brownish-red or yel-
lowish-red. L. 1-1.5 mm 5. II. discoideus Br.

(Page 296)

1. li. lon^^icornis Payk.

(Payk. Faun. Suec, III, 340; Brichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 388;
Jen. Spec. Staph. 215; PLraatz Ins. C. II, 384; Thorns. Skand. Col.
Ill, 110; Key Drevip. 1883, 14; (Janglb. h^af. M. II, 332).

Largest species of the genus, anteriorly strongly convex, and

the body almost egg-shaped, is for the rest identifiable by the

structure of the antennae.

Shiny black, very fine and sparsely haired; tip of antennae and
abdomen often brownish; side-ridges of pronotum, antennae, mouth-
parts and legs brownish yellow.

Antennae are rather long, longer of<?than of^, from the middle
smooth and not strongly thickened outwardly, with a three-jointed,
but not sharply set off club, inasmuch as the seventh joint, which
is a little longer and more robust than the sixth, at the tip is
about as thick as the eight at base; the distal joint is long and
tapering. Pronotum is strongly convex, anteriorly rounded off, at
base as broad as elytra, and with almost rectangular hind-corners,
forwardly strongly roundedly -narrowing, together with the broad
head entirely unpunctated and smooth; elytra are 1$ times as long
as pronotum, convex, with extremely fine, not dense punctation;
abdomen very strongly tapering, with sparse and extremely fine
punctation. L. 1-1.5 mm.

The first joint of anterior tarsi of c5 very feebly dilated,
the next-last ventral joint of abdomen with deep emargination at
tip.

Distributed in Europe, rather rare in Denmark; in alluvium,

-10-

(Page 296)
and on damp woodland- and moor-ground under foliage and moss.

2. H. laeviusculus Mannh.

(Mannerh. Brach. 58; Erichs. Kaf. Br. I, 389; Jen. Spec. Staph.
216; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 387; Thorns. Skand. Gol. Ill, 111; Fey Bre'-
vip. 1883, 20; Janglb. Kaf. 1/.. II, 333).

Ordinarily considerably smaller, and namely less broad than the
preceding species, easily identified by the dark color of antennae
and legs.

Black, rather shiny and finely haired; distal side-ridges of
pronotum oftenest translucid brownish yellow; elytra occasionally
brownish; antennae, mouth-parts, and legs pitch-black or pitch-
brown, the first Joints nearest basal joint, particularly the sec-
ond, oftenest lighter.

Head and pronotum with extremely fine, open punctation; the sev-
enthamtennal joint a little shorter ana not thicker than the sixtto
but distinctly finer than the eight, so that the antennal club,
consisting of the more strongly thickened three last joints, there-
by becomes more sharply set off than that of longicornis. Hind-
corners of pronotum are obtuse-angularly rounded off; elytra 1^^ tim-
es as long as pronotum, very finely and rather densely punctated,
surface extremely feebly shagreened; abdomen strongly tapering,
punctation about same as of elytra. L. 1-1,2 mm.

(Page 297)

First joint of anterior-tarsi of <? strongly dilated, that of

middle-tarsi less strongly dilated; tip of next last ventral joint

-11-

(Page 297)
triangularly eraarginated.

Our most common species, distributed throughout entire Europe;
in alluvium from meadows and moors, under leaves on half-moist
woodland ground and in plant-dung in gardens.

3. H. ovulum Keer.

(Heer Faun. Helv. I, 285; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 25; ianglb. Kaf. M.
II, 333. -? nigripes Heer. - pygmaeus Kraatz Ins. L. II, 388. -
laeviusculus Redtb. Faun. Austr. ed. 1X1, 133).

Oftenest smaller than the preceding species, but of same col-
our; hind-corners of pronotum almost rect-angular and first joint
of anterior- tarsi of'-'' scarcely dilated. L. C.C - 1 mm.

Distributed in Middle-Burope, but not so far with surety ident-
ified here in Denmark.

4. H. seminulum Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. I'.k. Br. I, 389; Jen. Spec. Staph. 217; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 3S7; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 30; :Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 333. - pulica-
rius Srichs. ien. Spec. Staph. 217).

From laeviusculus, which in form and size etc. it comes nearest,
it is easily distinguished by the color of antennae and legs, also
by the finer, less dense punctation of elytra.

Black or pitch-black, shiny and finely haired; side-ridges of
pronotum brownish-yellow; abdominal tip reddish-brown; antennae, mouth-
parts and legs reddish-yellow.

Head and pronotum are almost smooth or very indistinctly punct-
ated; antennal sixthand seventh Joint of the same lenght and same
thickness, club distinctly set off; hind-corners of pronotum almost
rect-angular; elytra l/3 longer than pronotum, these together with

■12-

(Page 297)
the not very strongly tapering abdomen with particularly fine, not
dense punctation. L. C.c-1 mm.

First Joint of anterior-tarsi of cf strongly dilated, abdomina.1
next-last ventral joint emarginate at tip.

Distributed in Europe, very rare in Denmark (Valloe, Lethrabor^,
Svenstrup, S/borg shore, NykjObin.; V., S;zCnderborg) ; in rotten tree-
stubs and sponges, also in alluvium.

5. H. discoideus Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Dr. 1, 385; Jen. Spec. Staph. 216; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 3BE; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 110; Key Lrevip. 1883, 33;Janglb.
Kaf. I.i. II, 334).

Kasily identified by the color of elytra, antennae and le-;s.

Pitch-black, shiny, rather long and densely haired; sides of pro-
notum and tip of abdomen rather broad browni sh-yello^^ ; elytra brown-
ish-red or yellov;ish-red , at base and on sides dark; antennae,
mouth-parts and legs reddish-yellovi.

(Page 298)

Head and pronotum with very fine and not dense punctation; an-
tennal club distinctly set off, the seventhjDint a little shorter
than the sixttj. hind-corners of pronotum rounded off; elytra l/3
longer than pronotum, these together with the not strongly taper-
ing abdomen with fine and rather dense punctation. L. 1-1.5 mm.

First joint of anterior-tarsi of ^ dilated, and abdominal next-
last ventral Joint emarginate at tip.

Rare and local; in alluviam and marsh-like ground; where it ap-
pears it can at times be found in numbers (v. Lyngby Lake, Frede-

-13-

(Page 2^8)
riksdal and several other places in r.'orthsjalland , Odense). Mlddle-
and North-Kurope.

4. Division Tachyporina.
Antennae ll-jointed. Temples and genae without ridges, elytra
without suture-stripe, tarsi 5-jointed.
To this 5 genera in Denmark.

Key to ^enera.

1. Abdomen without ridges, round, conical. Head and pronotum, like

the rest of the body, finely haired 5C. Conosonia Kr.

Abdomen with ridges. Head ana pronotum not haired 2.

2. Last joint (fourth) of maxillary palpi as long as or longer

than the next-last 3.

Last Joint of maxillary palpi small, awl tip-formed, snorter

than the next-last 4.

3. Uesosternum with a fine carina in middle-line. Anterior tarsi

of both sexes simple. (Posterior marginal ridge of elytra

in our species yellowish-white) bl. Leucoparyphus Kr.

Jtesosternum. without carina. Three first Joints of anterior-
tarsi of O" dilated 52. Tachinus Jravh.

4. Antennae toward tip feebly thickened and not or very feebly

flatly-depressed 53. Tachyporus Jravh.

Antennae toward tip rather strongly thickened and flatly-
depressed 54. Lamprinus Heer.

-14-

(Page 298)

50. Genus Conosoma Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 451; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 147. - Conurus
Steph. 111. Brit. V, 188; Erichs. ien. Spec. Staph. 218; Key Brevip.
1883, 41 J Jan^lb. Kaf. U. II, o54).

Body is broadest anteriorly and obtusely rounded, rather strong-
ly convex, posteriorly conically tapering, entirely clothed with
fine, silky shining hair; head upto the eyes embedded in pronotumj
temples and genae without ridges; antennae slender, feebly thicken-
ed outviard, their second joint shorter than the third, this as well
as the fourth and fifth rather elongated, the following middle and
next-last joints short, gradually thickened, distal joint oblique-
ly tapering; the distal joint of maxillary palpi awl tip-formed, much
finer and shorter than the thickened third joint.

Pronotum is large, convex, posteriorly as broad as or broader
than elytra and fitting close to these, anteriorly rounded-narrow-
ing, (Page 2£S)

with hind-corners feebly pulled backward, posterior margin inside of
these oftenest slightly t^marginate. the sides without outstanding
bristle-hair; elytra broadest anteriorly, feebly tapering posterior-
ly, convex, with fine, sharp side-ridges, only seldom with single,
outstanding side-bristles, posterior margin inside the outer corners
not curved outward; aodomen strongly cone-shaped tapering, round,
without side-ridges, at tip bristle-haired; legs slender; outer mar-
gin of anterior tibiae v.ixh a row of comb-formed densely set, very
short spines, middle- and posterior-tibiae on middle and at tip with

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(Page 299)
sirijjle spine or uncus; tarsi all S-Jointed; three first joints of
anterior tarsi more or less dilated, the fourth small; middle- and
posterior- tarsi slender, oftenest longer than tibiae, their first
joint as long as the two-three following joints together.

The three first joints of anterior-tarsi of cT more strongly
dilated than those of ^ ; abdominal next-last ventral joint with
an incision at tip. The sixth free dorsal joint of ^ is divided into
four tips, that of C? not divided.

The species Gonosoma are swift, lively animals. They live in
wood-crumbling s in hollow trees and stubs as well as under loose
bark, also in mouldy leaves and under twigs, rarely on fungi. .
Of hiiddle- and North-Europe's 7 species the 6 are found in Denmark.
- The oldest name of the genus Gonurus (Stephens 1832) cannot be
applied, as it is found formerly to have been used as the name of
a genus of parrot (parrakeets)

Key to Species.

1. Sides of elytra vjith five-seven robust outstanding bristle-

hair. Abdomen strongly bristle-haired. Klytra black, a rather
sharply restricted oblique-spot from humerus inwardly as
well as the suture red. L. 2-2.5 mm... 1. G. bipunctata iravh.
Sides of elytra without distinct bristle-hair 2.

2. Slytra with a reddish-yellow or red spot on base '6.

Elytra black-brownish or lighter without spots 4.

3. Body strongly convex. Pronotum entirely black or the posterior

corners narrow reddish. Elytra with a sharply restricted^

-16-

(Page 2P9)

square yellowish-red spot on base. L. 4-5 mm

2. G. bipustulata Jravh.

Body low convex. Posterior corners of pronotum broad brownish
yellow. Elytra with a lar^e, blurred brownish-yellov. spot
on base. L. 5 mm 3. C. litoria Linn.

4. aiytra distinctly longer than pronotum 5.

Klytra a little shorter than pronotum. L. 2-2.5 mm

6. G. pedicularia 3ravh.

5. Sides of pronotum in front of posterior corners rather stronij-

ly rounded. L. 3.5-4.5 mm 4. G. pubescens Br.

Sides of pronotum in front of posterior corners feebly rounded.

Species smaller. L. 2.5-3 mm 5. G. Immaculata Steph.

1. G. bipunctata iravh.

(iravh. Micr. 133; Krichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 392; Jen. Spec. Staph.
230; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 438; Thorns. Skand. Gol. Ill, 148; Rey Bre-
vip. 1883, 64; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 355).

A small species; identifiable by the color of elytra and out-
standing side-bristles. (Page 3C0)

Strongly convex, black, shining, rather finely haired; elytra
black with a large red, arch-shaped spot from humerus to the sutu-
re, and oftenest along this narrowed to the tip; tip of abdomen
brownish-red, antennal base and tip as well as legs reddish-yellow.

Antennae are scarcely as long as head and pronotum together,
rather strongly thickened outward, the next-last joints distinct-
ly truncate; pronotum as broad as elytra, with scattered and extrem-
ely fine punctation; elytra l/3 longer than pronotum, with partie-

-17-

(Page 300)
ularly fine and very dense punctation, along side-margin - in con-
trast to all the following species - with five-seven long, robust
outstanding bristle-hair; entire abdomen v^ith particularly fine, and
dense punctation, along sides, at tip, and partly also on back-mar-
gin of joints with long and robust, outstanding bristle-hair. L. 2-2.
5 mm.

Rare or very rare, local. In rotten, tindery alder-trunks, in
hollow trees and stubs, also under loose bark in jnav. -crumbles (Bog-
naes Forest; Vang Forest and Agdrup Thicket in Vendsyssel etc. auth.).
Distributed particularly in North- and Middle-Europe, but also found
south and east of the Mediterranian (Algeria, Syria).

2. C. bipustulata Jravh.

(iravh. Micr. 132; Erichs. lien. Spec. Staph. 223; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 437, Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 148; Rey Brevip. 1883, 61; ianglb.
Kaf. I;:. II, 3£6).

Somewhat larger and particularlv broader than pubescens, more
convex than li torea, for the rest easily identified by the color.

Strongly convex, black, rather shiny, fine, rather densely yel-
low-lustre haired; posterior corners of pronotum narrow reddish;
elytra anteriorly between humerus and scutellura with a bounded, ra-
ther square or posteriorly somevifhat curvate yellowish-red spot;
the next-last abdominal joint, or at least its back-margin, base
and tip of the antennae as well as mouth-pats and legs reddish-yel-
low or yellowish-red.

Antennae slender, but not as long as those of litoria, their
:t-last joint ofp feebly, of (5^ scarcely transversely- truncate.

-18-

nexi

(Page 300)
Pronotum a little broader than elytra, with rather dense ana extrem-
ely fine, scarcely visible punctation; elytra a very little longer
than pronotum, these as well as abdomen with fine and dense punct-
ation, the latter on sides and at tip with long and robust, outstand-
ing bristle-hair. L. 4-5 mm.

Distributed in North- and Middle-Europe, but in Denmark very
rare and local. In former times it was found in the woods at Sor^ef
"in masses on one with tinder overgrown beech-stub" (Pastor Fr.
Jakobsen); later, likewise on tinders, at Jyderup and in the woods
at Skarri t-Lake, also at Naesbyholm (Koch, L^vendal, 16. 5. 75 and
6. 6. 81). (Page 3Cl)

3. g. litorea Linn.

(Linne Syst. Nat. ed. i, 422; iirichs. Kaf. l^.K. Br. I, 390; 3en.
Spec. Staph. 21£; Kraatz Ins. 2. II, 433; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill,
148; Rey Brevip. 1883. 44; 3anglb. Kaf. M. II, 356).

Somewhat larger and broader, particularly longer than pubescens
and lower convex, in connection with this easily identified by the
color and proportionally long elytra.

Blackish-brown, particularly fine, and densely haired, modified
silky shine; posterior corners of pronotum and a large, somewhat
blurred spot on elytra anteriorly from the humerus inward toward the
suture brownish-yellow; back-margins of abdominal joints translucent
narrow reddish-brown; base and tip of antennae, mouth-parts and legs
reddish-yellow .

Antennae are long and fine, longer than head and pronotum to-

-19-

(Page 301)
gether, very feebly thickened outward, their next-last joints ful-
ly as lonj as broed; pronotuoi rather Iovj convex, amply as broad as
elytra, extremely fine and very densely punctated, surface vvith ex-
tremely fine transverse aciculations; elytra Ig times as lonj as
pronotum, this together viith abdomen extremely finely and extremely
densely punctated; the latter only at tip v-ith long bristle-hair.
Ulddle- and hind-tarsi are peculiarly long, much longer than tibiae.
L. 5 mm.

Distributed in Europe, particularly in wooded regions, and not
rare in Lenmarkj in deep mouldy leaf-mounds, hollov. trees and under
twig-gatherings, also often numerous in larger gardens- in plant-
waste.

4, G. pubescens iravh,

(liravh. liicr. 130; Kriohs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 390; fJen. Spec. Staph.
221; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 435; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 147; Key Bre'-
vip. 1883, 4,9; Janglb. Kaf. !«:. II, 357).

A medium-sized, strongly convex species, v.ithout the conspicu-
ous color-spots of the preceding species, but however varies in col-
or after development and maturity.

Very fine and rather densely haired, with somewhat silky shine;
either entirely brownish-black or blackish-brown witli brownish-
red elytra, c>r entirely brownish-red, occasionally brownish-yellow;
elytra often lighter than head and pronotum; back-margins of abdom-
inal joints narrow reddish; base and tip of antennae, mouth-parts,
and legs reddish-yellow.

-20-

(Page 3C1)

Antennae are slender, feebly thichened outward, their next-last
joint as broad as long; pronotum strongly convex, broader than elytra,
sides posteriorly in front of posterior corners rather strongly
rounded, these obtuse-angular and back-margin inside of them slight-
ly femarjltratd , dorsal side with extremely fine and very dense punct-
ation, the surface with extremely fine transversal aciculations;
elytra 1/3 longer- than pronotum, together with abdomen with very
fine and dense punctation, only at tip of the latter with long bristle-
hair. L. 4-4.5 ram. (Page 302)

Common everywhere in woods and parks under foliage, in old stubs
and hollow trees, also under dry twigs, in plant-waste and at f un- -
gus. Distributed in ilurope.

5. C. immaculata Steph.

(Steph. III. Brit. V, l&O; ^anglb. Kaf. M. II, 357.- fuscula
Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I. 391; Jen. Spec. Staph. 229; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 436; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 298; Key Brevip. 1883, 53).

In form, color and punctation entirely like pubescens, but con-
siderably smaller than this, oftenest only hall' as large; antennae
proportionally shorter and outwardly somewhat more robust, their
next-last joint feebly truncated; sides of pronotum in front of pos-
terior corners only feebly rounded; these almost rectangular and
back-margin inside of them not distinctly curved outwardly; brist-
le-hair of abdominal tip more robust. L. £.5-3 mm.

It lives under same conditions as pubescens, and distributed
with same, but much less common.

•21-

(Page 30 2)

6. C. pedicularia jravh.

(iravh. Micr. 133; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 392; Jen. Spec. Staph.
230; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 436; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 148; Rey Brevip.
1883, 58; Janglb. Kaf. LI. II, 357).

Our smallest species, closely allied to immaculata ; besides by
its smallness can be identified especially on the entirely yellow
antennae and proportionally short elytra.

Black or pitch-black, rather shiny, v.ith fine silk.en-lustr ous
hair; fore- and hind-margin of pronotum also back-margins of elytra
and abdominal joints translucent reddish-brownish or brownish-yel-
low; antennae, mouth-parts, and legs reddish-yellow. Immature ani-
mals are yellowish-brovin or brownish-yellow (v. livida Er.).

Antennae are rather short, their next-last Joint feobly trun-
cate; pronotum posteriorly a little broader than elytra and vjith
almost rectangular posterior corners, convex, with particularly
fine and rather dense punctation, surface (background) extremely
finely aciculated; elytra a little shorter than pronotum, together
with abdomen with very fine and dense punctation, sides and tip
of the latter with outstanding bristle-hair. L. Z-2,b mm.

Distributed in Europe, but not frequent in Denmark; on marshy
ground, in tinder on stubs and hollow trees} also on woodland leaf-
mould.

51. Genus Leucoparyphus Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 393; Ganglb. Kaf. iM. II, 335. - Gilea Buval,
Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 153; Rey Brevip. 1883, 117).

Very closely allied to the following genus, Tachinus, from which

•22-

(Page 302)
it differs mainly by this, that mesosternum in middle — line has a
very fine carina, that first joint of hind-tarsi is elongated, as
long as the following three joints together, where that of Tachinus

is short, and that - (Page 3C3) — the three first joints

of cfare not dilated. Abdominal sides and tip with robust, outstand-
ing bristle-hair.

To this 1, widely distributed European species, which is also
found here in Denmark.

1. L. silphoides Linn.

(Linne' Syst. Nat. I, 2, 684; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. 1, 396; Jen.
Spec. Staph. 245; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 395; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill,
153; Key Bre'vip. 1883, 119; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 336).

In connection with the above mentioned, most outstanding generic
characters particularly identifiable by the color of elytra.

Black, shining; sides of pronotum rather broadly, its fore- and
hind-margin very narrowly preiiow; elytra yellow or whitish-yellow,
their base with scutellum, sides, ana an oblong, rounded, with the
basal color connected middle-spot black or brownish-black; tip of
abdomen of ten yellowish; base of antennae, mouth-parts, and legs red-
dish-yellow. In the case of dark animals the yellow color of elytpa
is often less predominating than the black.

Head and pronotum are without punctation, but the surface with
extremely fine transverse-aciculati ons, as well as elytra naked. The
heaa is broad; antennae slender, their third joint longer than the
second, the fourth and the following densely pubescent, the middle-

-23-

(Page 303)
ones distinctly, the next-last very little longer than broad.
Fronotum is posteriorly as broad as elytra, broader than long, an-
teriorly feebly, roundedly narrowing; elytra only a little longer
than pronotum, slightly convex, extremely fine and rather densely
punctated, along the sides and particularly at tip provided with
long, robust bristle-hair. L. 3-4 mm.

The sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen in both sexes is deeply
divided into six long tips, of which each of the four side-tips
end in a very long, robust bristle-hair, the two middle tips with
a very fine spine; the incision between the middle-tips is less
deep in cP than in ^ . The fifth ventral abdominal joint of d^
is rather deeply and broadly emarglnated, the sixth deeply cleft
into two slightly curved horn-like processes, in the O divided into
six tips.

Distributed, and is here not infrequently found in horse-manure,

and plant-waste, at times numerous in fertilizer around hothouse-boxes.

52. Oenus Tachinus 3ravh.

(Sravh. Micr. 134; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 3S6; Jen. Spec. Staph.
244; Kraatz Ins. D.II, 396; (Janglb. Kaf. M.II, 337. - Tachinus and
Drymoporus Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 154, 159; Rey Brevip. 1883, 122,168)

The body (Fig. 101) is oftenest fusiform, rather low convex,*)
posteriorly more tapering than anteriorly, rarely of even breadth;
thorax naked, the abdomen extremely fine and sparingly haired; the
head short and broad, ------ (Page 304) ---- deeply embedded in pro-
notum, with somewhat protruding eyes, the temples and genae without
ridges; antennae rather long and slender, the ftret four joints

-24-
*) author uses term flat convex.

(Page 304)
shiny, the following densely pubescence, the third joint distinct-
ly longer than the second, the fourth small^ and smaller than the
fifth, the nadddle and next-last (5-10) about of same lenght, rever-
sely conical; maxillary palpi somewhat stretched, all four joints
of same thickness, the last as long as the second, and often twice
as long 8s the third,

Pronotum is rather large, broader than long, posteriorly often-
est as broad as elytra, anteriorly roundedly-narrowing, low convex,
without marginal bristles; elytra is longer than pronotum, and al-
most covers the third dorsal -joint of abdomen, their sides rather
parallel, without outstanding bristles; abdomen tapering, rarely
of almost same breadth, its sides oftenest only nearest tne tip with
single bristle-hairs; the first tvjo-three entirely free dorsal joints
have on middle two small, often indistinct, obliquely placed, lini-
ar, dull hair-spots, the fifth is much longer than the fourth;
mesosternum in contrast to Leucoparyphus without carina on middle-
line. The legs are rather long, tibiae spiniferous, tarsi all 5-
jointed, first joint of posterior tarsi rather short, scarcely lon-^-
er than the second, three first anterior tarsal joints of O dilated.
Fig 101. Tachinus rufipes De Jeer. <S .

Abdominal sex-characters are distinctly developed, uniform
throughout of each specifically, yet though with lesser variations
within the spaeies. Ihe abdominal, entirely free, sixth dorsal joint
of <S is at middle elongated into a rather broad lobe, which at tip
is convex, emarginate, or insiced, and v;hich at each side has a

-25-

(Pa^ie 304)
much shorter lobe, or an obtuse-angular or tooth-formed process,
provided with a very Ions bristle-hair; on ventral side the first
ventral joint of same sex has at base a short carina, the fifth
more or less emarginate, the sixth very deeply cleft into two horn-
formed and slightly curved parts. The sixth free dorsal joint of ^
is either divided into four long tips, or in two long, bristle-
bearing side-lobes and a broad middle-lobe, which may be undivid-
ed broad-tipped, or with a deep incision divided into two narrow
teeth; the sixth ventral ^oint is divided into six lobes, of which
the two middle-ones are broadest, with convex tip and with fine
unci in tip, the others narrow, styliform and with a very long

bristle-hair at tip.

The species Tachinus is found particularly at decaying plant-
matter, carion and manure, also at outflowing tree-juices. About
a score of species are distributed in Middle- and North-Burope, and
of these, 11 are heretofore found in Denmark. An other couple from
the nearest neighbouring countries are encluded in the following.

(Page 305)
Key to Subgenera and Species.
1. Abdomen from base smoothly, more or less strongly tapering.

Elytra not with row-puncta^on;. subgenus Tachinus s. str. . . 2.
Abdomen uniformly broad, only tapering at distal joint. Elytra
with row-punctation at middle: 2. suiDg^ Lrymoporus Thorns. -
Black; surface of dorsal side finely transversally acic-

-26-

(Page 305)
ulated. L. 8-10 mm l4. T. eloni;atus Jtyllh..

2. Each of the abdominal free joints provided with outstanding

marginal bristles. L. 5-7 mm 1.. T. flavipes Fabr,

Only the two last abdominal Joints, rarely the last alone,

with distinct marginal bristles 3.

3. The surface of elytra between the punctures (suitably magnified)

distinctly transversal or reticulate-aciculated 4.

iSlytra rather densely punctate, surface not aciculated ... 11.

4. Pronoturn distinctly, v.ith more or less fine and dense punct-

ation 5^

Pronoturn with scarcely visible, or no punctation, but surface

distinctly transversal aciculate. L. 4-5 mm

10. T. fimetarius ^ravh.

5. Middle of pronoturn black, sides broadly, fore- and hind -margin

narrower, bounded reddish or brownish yellovi' 6.

Pronoturn entirely black (rarely red; : subterraneus v. ruf icollis)
or at sides and margins translucent or obliterated brown-
ish (cf. subterraneus v. bicolor) 9.

6. Elytra more than 1$ times as long as pronoturn 7.

Elytra at most 1* times as long as pronotum 8.

7. The four-five next-last antennal joints broader than long.

The middle-patch on sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen of

^ set off broad-tipped (Fig. 103). L. 6-H mm

2 . T. proximus K"r .

-27-

(Page 305)
The four-five next-last antennal joints longer than broad.

The middle-patch on sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen of
_g with a short, set off, obtuse tip, which often is two-
toothed. (Fig, 104). L. 7-8 mm 3. T. humeral is Jravh.

8. The next-last antennal joint noticeably longer than broad.

L. . 5-7 mm 4. T. marglnatus CJyllh.

The next-last antennal joints not longer than broad. L. 5-6
- mm 5 . T. pallipes Jravh .

9. The middle-patch on sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen of O

undivided, and set off broad-tipped. Pronotum as a rule

entirely black. L. 5-7 mm 7. T. rufipes Be Jreer.

The middle-patch on sixth free dorsal joint of abdomen of Q
deeply divided into two tips. Sides of pronotum narrow or
broader, obliterated, translucent brownish-red 10.

10. Elytra 1^ times as long as pronotum, pitch-black with a red-

dish spot on humeri. L. 5-6 mm 6. T. bipustulatus F.

Elytra twice as long as pronotum, with a large, reddish-yellow

longitudinal spot from humerus downward. L. 5^6 mm

8. T. subterraneus Linn.

11. Head and pronotum with extremely fine and very scattered punct-

ation. Pronotum black; elytra lively brownish-red. L. 7

mm 9. T. rufipennis iyllh.

Heaa and pronotum with distinct and dense punctation 12.

12. Pronotum reddish-brown or yellov.ish-red , with very distinct

punctation. L. 3-4 mm 13. T. collaris Jtravh.

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(Page 305)
Pronotum pitch-black viith brownish-yellow/ margins, more finely

punctated 13,

1'6. Pronotum large, broader than elytra, L. 4-4.5 mm

11. T. laticollis Gravh .

Pronotum not broader than elytra. L.4-4.5 run.. 12. T. marginellus F.

1. Subgenus Tachinus s. str.

1. T. flavipes Fabr.

(Fabr. Syst. Ent. 268; firichs. Kaf. Mk. Dr. 1, 398; 3en. Spec.
Staph. 255; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 403; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 168;
Eey Brevip. 1883, 127; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 340).

Identifiable by the color of antennae and alytra, but particu-
larly by the many outstanding marginal bristles of abdomen, and the
sex-characters of <^ . (Page 3C6) - -

Black, shiny; elytra reddieh-brov-n with a more or less develop-
ed black reflection; sides and hind-margin of pronotum oftenest nar-
rowly, occasionally broader obliterated brownish-yellow or reddish-
brown; antennae pitch-black, but the three-four first joints at base,
as well as mouth-parts and legs brownish-red.

Head and pronotum are very fine ana densely punctated, the surf-
ace particularly finely aciculated; antennae slender, their next-
last joint feebly oblique; pronotum rather lov. convex, at base about
as broad as elytra, these about li times as long as pronotum, and a
little more distinctly punctate than sa&ie, the surface very finely
reticulate-aciculated; abdomen tapering, very fine and densely punct-
ate, each of its three first free dorsal joints with two short,

-29-

(Page 3C6)
linear, obliquely placed hair-spots on middle, and as well as each
of the following joints with a lon^ outstanding bristle in side-
margins. L. 5—7 mm.

The abdominal sixth free joint (fifth entirely uncovered) of &
(Fig. 102) in middle short elongated, and tip angularly incised.

Fig. 102. Abdominal tip of Tachinus flavipes F.6''and ^ .
Of 9 't'^'^ same joint is deeply divided into three larger lobes, of
which the medial is triangularly shaped and tapering, and of same
length as the narrow, tapering sidelo'oes, vvhich each bears a long
bristle. in the tip.

Distributed in Europe, and everywhere in Denmark rather common
at dung and decaying plants, also in alluvium. At fresh horse-manure
on fields and roads it can at times be encountered in numbers.

2. T. proximus Kr.

(Kraatz Stett. Bnt. Ztg. XVI, 1855, 25; Ins. D.ll, 401; Rey Bre-
vip. 1883, 136; Ihoms. Skand. Insekt. 1, 1885, 58; ianhlb. Kaf. 1.1.
II, 341).

One of our largest species, identified particularly by color of
pronotum, long elytra, and sex-characters ofp-

Black, shiny; sides of pronotum broadly, its fore- and hind-
margin- narrowly , bounded brownish-yellow; elytra reddish-brown with
a more or less distinct black reflection; antennae brown or reddish-
brown, tip of the second and third joint oftenest black, basal-joint,
mouth-parts, and legs brownish-red or reddish-yellow.

Head and pronotum with very fine and dense punctation, the sur-

-30-

(Page 5C6)
face finely aciculated; antennae rather slender, considerably more
robust than those of flavjpes. their four-five next-last joints ful-
ly as broad as long; pronotum behind middle as broad as elytra, about
twice as broad as long, anteriorly feebly narrowing; elytra amply
lo- times as long as pronotum , and somewhat more distinctly punct-
ate than this, - - (Page 307) the surface finely trans-

verse-aciculate; abdomen strongly tapering, with fine and very dense
punctation, each of its three first visible dorsal joints with two
small, obliquely placed hair-spots on middle, the fifth free joint
with a long bristle in side-margins. L. 6-8 ram.

The abdominal sixth free dorsal joint of & is somewhat elongat-
ed in middle, and in tip feebly emarginate, trimmed- or rounded-off.
Cf ^ the same joint is deeply triple-divided, the medial lobe dor-
sally rather broad, then abruptly set off : stylifonn ■, as long as
the two styliform --. - sidelobes, v/hich each bears a long bristle in
tip (Fig. 1C3).

At fungus, carrion, and manure, distributed in North- and Kiddle-
Europe, but rather rare in Denmark, particularly in the northern
part of Jutland.

3. T. humeral is Jravh.

(:Jravh. laiicr. 136; Erichs. vien. Spec. Staph.. i;£6; Kraatz Ins.
L. II, 400; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 155; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 133;
:}anglb. Kaf. LI. II, 341).

From proximus, to which it is closely allied and resembles in

color, it differs (cf. Kraatz and ianglb.) particularly by the

following 9hftr4(5t4ristics:

-31-

(Page 307)

It is oftenest somewhat larjer; antennae more slender, their
four next-last joints - in a certain direction - longer than broad,-
th$ four first joints clear brownish-red; elytra somewhat longer,
and together with pronotum more robustly punctated, For the rest,
the species-difference is particularly manifested in the sex-char-
acters. L. 7-8 mm.

The abdominal sixth free dorsal joint ofo'is like that of
proximus short elongated, but the elongated part is always eraargi-
nate, and thereby obtuse two-toothed. Ofp the miadle-lobe of the
same joint is broad with an abruptly set off, short tip, which some-
times is short two-toothedi 'the side-lobes are stjllTorm-r .id and
oftenest as long as the middle-lobe. (Fig. 104).

Fig. 104. Abdominal tip of Tachinus humeralis CJravh.
p. (aft. r,5uls. et Rey).

It is said to be distributea in the greater part of Europe

(Sanglb.); in Sweden it is found in Skaane and Noirland; in Denmark

it has heretofore not been identified, perhaps in the collections

it has been mixed with proximus.

4. T. marginatus (Jyllh.

(G^yllh. Ins. Suec. TI, 2L5; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 406; Thorns. Skand ,
Col. Ill, 156; ianglb. Kaf. U. II, 342).

It has (according to Kraatz) a similarity to the light species
of I. subterraneus, from which it however differs interalia, by much
finer antennae. — - (Page 308) ~~ "~

Black, shiny; sides of pronotum broadly, its fore- and hind-

■32-

(Page 308)
margin narrowly set off yellowish-brown; elytra likewise yellowish-
brown, but along the suture and at the outer hind corners brownish-
black; antennal base, mouth-parts, and legs reddish-yellow.

Head and pronotum with particularly fine, open punctatjon, and
the background surface especially finely transversely aciculated;
antennae long and slender, their next-last joints longer than broad;
elytra 1/3 longer than pronotum, and shorter than those of subter-
raneus. very fine and not densely punctated; abdomen very fine and
rather densely punctated, each of its two hindmost joints on sides
with an outstanding bristle. L. 5-7 mm.

The middle-loce of the abdominal sixth free dorsal joint of 6^
is in the tip deeply divided into two teeth; of Q the same joint is
cleft in four equally long tips.

Since it is distributed in North-Europe and found in North-
Germany and Middle-Sweden, it is not improbable, that it may be
found in Lenmark, though it has not heretofore been observed tiere.

5. T. rallipes GJravh.

(:Jravh. Micr. 20; Erichs. .ien. Spec. Staph. 261; Kraatz Ins. D.
ir, .407; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 157; Rey Bre'vip. 1383, 138; Jans'lb.
Kaf. I.:. II, 341).

By the color of pronotum near allied to proximus, but a little
smaller, and elytra shorter and darker, and differently formed sex-
characters.

Black, shiny; sides of pronotum rather broadly, bounded, its fore-
and hind-margin narrowly brownish-yellow; elytra pitch-black, a small

-33-

(Pas-e 308)
spoi on humerus, and their hind-martjin yellowish-brown; antennal base,
mouth-parts, and legs brownish-yello\*'.

Head and pronotum v.ith very fine and rather dense punctation, the
surface very finely transversely acicuiated; antennae rather slender,
their next-last joints about as broad as long; elytra about 1* times
as long as pronotum, more robust and densely punctated than this,
the surface very finely shagreened; abdomen fine and densely punct-
ated, with hair-spots and side-margin-bristles like those of proximus.
L. 5-6 mm.

Of <S (Fig. 105) the midale-lobe of the abdominal sixth free dor-
sal joint is considerably elongated , and the tip, by an angulus in-
cision divided into two points or teeth^ side-lobes are short, obtuse.
Of Q the middle-lobe of the same joint is by a deep incision divided
into tv;o long, pointed teeth, which extend a little longer forward
than the stylif^rm . ■ , pointed side-lobes; the miadle and rather
broad incision of the sixth ventral joint has in the curve a little
sharp tooth. (Kraatz, Janglb.).

i''ig. 105. Abdominal tip of Tachinus pallipes ^ravh.
^ and O (aft. Muls. et Key).

(Page 309)

It has not heretofore been found in Denmark, but as it appears

in Skaane (Ihoms. ) and is not rare in Iiiiiddle -Europe (uanglb.),it is

possible that it may also be found here.

6. T. bipustulatus Fabr.
(Fabr. Ent. Syst. I, 2, 533; Srichs. CJen. «Spec. Staph. 260;

-34-

(Page 309)

Kraatz Ins. D. II, 409; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 157; Hey Bre'vip. 1883,
142; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 342).

Easily identified by the light antennae, and the conspicuous
spot on humerus.

Pitch-bi^ack , shiny; side-margins of pronotum, occasionally also
its fore- and hind-margin, as well as the posterior margins of the
abdominal joints translucid reddish; elytra brownish-black with a
large yellowish-red or brownish-red, posteriorly not sharply bound-
ed spot on humerus; antennae rust-colored, their base, mouth-parts,
and legs reddish-yellow.

Head and pronotum vnith very fine-j but not dense punctation, the
background surface very finely transversely aciculate; antennae
rather short and robust, their medial and next-last Joints broader
than long; pronotum at middle amply as broad as elytra; these about
1§ times as long as pronotum and mors distinctly punctate than this,
the surface very finely reticulate-aciculated j abdomen tapering, very
, dense, finely punctate, with two feeble hair-spots on middle of tne
two first free dorsal joints, and an outstanding bristle on side-
margin of each of the next-last. L. 5-6 mm.

Of O the middle-lobe on the abdominal sixth free dorsal joint is
somewhat longer than the bristle-bearing side-lobes, and by a small
incision divided into two obtuse teeth. Of Q the middle-lobe of the
same joint is by a deep, at bottom rounded incision divided into two
small points, which reach as far forward as the almost pencil-shap-
ea, bristle-bearing side-lobes (Fig. 106).

■35-

(Page 3C9)

P'ig. lOe. Abdominal tip of Tachinus bipustulatus Fabr.
(5* and O .

Distributea in Liiadle-Liurope ana in southern Sweden; very recent-
ly discovered in Lenmark and found in numbers at Horsens, Vejle, and
Varde in Cossus-burrow and gnav.-crumbles on infected poplar and oak.
It favours outflowing treesap.

7. T. rufipes De ^reer.

(De areer Ins. IV, 24; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 397; Jen. Spec.
Staph. 254; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 402; Thoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 156;Rey
Br^vip. 1883, 145; .Janglb. Kaf. I.i. II, 343).

Kasily identified by the color, and a proportionally broad pro-
notum. (Fig. 101).

Black, shiny; the humeral corners of elytra and distal back-
margin occasionally brownish-red; antennal base, mouth-parts, and
legs reddish-yellow or clear brov.nish-red.

(Page 310)

Head and pronctum with particularly fine, open punctation, and
the surface very finely transversely-aciculate; antennae slender,
their next-last joints longer than broad; pronotum proportionally
large, and especially that of c?" very distinctly broader than elyt-
ra, with strongly rounded sides, rather convex; elytra 1^ times as
long as pronotum, these as well as abdomen more dense and distinct-
ly punctate than pronotum; abdomen tapering, its three first free
dorsal joints with two small hair-spots on middle, and the fifth
with an outstanding bristle on sides. L. 5-7 mai.

Fig. 1C7. Abdominal tip of Tachinus rufipes Ee Freer. 5* a.niQ

-36-

(Page 310)

In the O the middle -lobe of the sixth free dorsal joint of the
abdomen is distinctly longer than the side-lobes, and the tip. divided
into two teeth by a rounded incision. In the Q the middle-lobe of
the same joint is broad, and briefly acute, scarcely as lon^ as the
almost styliform, bristle-bearing side-lobes (i'ig. 107).

Distributed everywhere in Europe, and common in Denmark, under
leaves, decaying plantstuff, dung and carrion; Also in North America.

8. T. subterraneus Linn.

(Linne' Syst.Nat. I, II, 684; iirichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 259; Kraatz
Ins. D. II, 409; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, iS*?-; Rey Br<^vip. 1883, 149;
Janglb. Kaf. M. II; 343).

Easily identified by the remarkable large color-spot and length
of elytra, though the color varies.

Black or pitch-black, shining; sides and back-margin of pronotum
often translucid brownish; a more or less extensive longitudinal spot
on elytra from the humerus to - or beyond the middle reddish yellow;
antennal base and legs brownish-rea. - In a' variety (v. bicolor Jravh.)
the sides of pronotum are broadly yellowish-red, and the spot on
elytra so extensive, that only the suture and back-margin are pitch-
black; in an other (v. ruficollis Lpp.) the entire pronotum and elytra
red, with the exception of an abbreviated sutural stripe.

Head and pronotum are finely and rather densely punctate, back-.
ground surface finely reticulate-aciculated ; antennae quite robust,
their next-last joints as bro§d as long; pronotum lov. convex, poste-
riorly as broad as elytra; these likewise low convex, twice as long

-37-

(Page 310)
as pronotum, more distinct and densely punctated than this, finely
reticulate-aciculated; abdomen strongly tapering, its two first free
dorsal joints with two feeble hair-spots on middle, the fifth long,
slightly undate at tne tip, and on sides with one or two outstand-
ing marginal bristles. L. 5-6 mm.

(Page 311)

In the O the sixtn free dorsal joint of the abdomen is convex
along the middle; tip of the middle-lobe with a narrow incision, side-
lobes abbreviated, obtuse. In the ^ the middle-lobe of the same joint
is divided into two narrow points, by a deep incision, considerably
shorter than the robustly developed, very lon^ side-lobes, which on
the dorsal exterior side has a short, styliform tip.

In rotten fungus, underneath old hay, and at manure; distribut-
ed in Europe; very rare in Denmark and so far found only in a few
places on the peninsula: Lindum Forest south of Hobro (author) , Lind-
aa south of Flensborg and Blans, Sundeved (L. Andersen and J. Ander-
sen); (v. bicolor is found at Lindaa together with the typical form).

9. T. rufipennis Jyllh.

(Jyllh. Ins. Suec. II, 25&; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 405; Thoms. Skand.
Col. Ill, 155; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 130; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 346).

A beautiful species, easily identified by the conspicuous color
of elytra.

Shining black; elytra blood-red, around scutellum and at the
posterior margin occasionally brownish; antennae pitch-black, their
four first joints clear reddish-brown; legs brown with readish tarsi.

■38-

Head and pronotum vitti particularly fine and scattered puncta-
tion. and like the proportionately robust, but not dense punotati-
on of elytra, not aciculated in surface, therefore strongly lucid;
antennae rather slender, their next-last joint, particularly in the
O' , a? long as broad; pronotum posteriorly a? broad as elytra, with
obtuse-angular hind-corners; elytra It times as long as pronotum;
abdomen strongly tapering, its three first free dorsal joints with
two small hair-spots on middle, and the fifth with a long bristle
on the sides. L. 7 mm.

In the O the middle-lobe of the abdominal sixth free dorsal joint
is divided into two short teeth, by an angular incision, tne side-
lobes abtuse. In the O the middle-lobe of same joint is deeply cleft
into two slender points, considerably shorter than the stylifomi-
fcristle-bearing side-margins.

Under leaves on half-damp woodland ground, at fungus and decay-
ing plants. Very rare everywhere in North- and Lliddle-Burope, and in
Cenciark heretofore only single specimens found in a few places: Dyre-
haven nortn of Copenhagen, Fakse, Sorp, Vang i'orest in Vendsyssel.

10. T. fimetarii's -iravh.

(Oravh. Micr. 141; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 358; 3en. Spec. Staph.

264; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 411; Thorns, akand. Col. Ill, 153; Fey Bre'-
vip. 1883, 153; ^Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 344).

Low convex; in appearance and color most like 1. flavipes, but

smaller-, with pronotum indistinctly or not punctated, and thereby

easily identified.

•39-

(Page 311)

Black, shining; sJde-margins of pronotura, occasionally also back-
margins, narrowly yellow-brownishj elytra brov.n, darkish-brown, or
yellow-brovvni sh v.ith lighter humeri and back-margins; antennae, and
mouth-parts pitch-black; legs reddish or brownish yellov..

(Page 312)

In contrast to our other species the head and pronotum of f imetarius
is without punctation, or- with such extremely fine and scattered punct-
fation, that the punctures can only be seen when greatly magnified;
the surface with very fine, undulating transversal aciculation; anten-
nae slender, thieir next-last joints as long as broad; pronotum pos-
teriorly as broad as elytra, these Ij times as long as pronotum, not
densely, but distinctly punctated, surface finely reticulate acicu-
lated ; abdomen tapering, with fine, open punctation, its two-three
first free dorsal joints with two smell hair-spots on middle, and
the fifth vjith an outstanding marginal bristle on sides. L. 4-5 mm.

In., the C?" the midale-lobe of the abdominal sixth free dorsal
joint is divided into two, rather short, triangular tips, and a little
longer than the bristle-bearing side-lobes. In the ^ the middle-
lobe of same joint is by a aeup, narrovi incision divided into two
slender tips of same lenght and form as the bristle-hearing side-
lobes.

Distributed in Burope, and comm.on everywhere in Denmark; in the
spring often numerous in the flowers of hawthorn, otherwise on half-
damp ground beneath leaves, in hollow trees and at outflowing tree-
sap, occasionally also at anthills. It is (fc. Fowler) not found in

England.

-4C-

(Page 312)

11. 1. latjcollis iravh.

(viravh. ivlicr. 141; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 413; Ihoras. Skand. Col.
IX, 302; Key Brevip. 1882. 157; JJanglb. Kaf. I.:. 11; 345).

This and the two following are the smaller species of the genus;
they as v^ell as ruf ipennis differ from all the preceding species
in that the background surface of elytra is not aciculated; for the
rest laticollis is particularly identifiable by pronotura being pro-
portionally broad and convex.

Black or pitcl:-black, shining; side-margins and back-margin of
pronotum narrowly translucent brownish-yellov* ; elytra brov;nish-black
or brov.n, a longitudinal stripe from humerus along the sides, as well
as back-margins reddish-brown or brownish-yellow; antennal base end
legs reddish-yellow.

Head and pronotum is very fine ana. rather densely aciculate-punct-
ated; antennae slender, their next-last joints as long as broad; pro-
notum rather convex and distinctly broader than elytra, w'nich are
1/^ times as long as pronotum, very dense and distinctly punctated;
abdomen tapering, very fine and densely punctated, its two-three first
free dorsal joints with two feeble hair-spots on middle, and the
fifth with an outstanding marginal bristle on sides. L. 4-4.5 mm.

In the O the middle-lobe of the abdominal sixth free dorsal joint is
longer than the bristle-bearing, acute side-lobes, and by a rounded
incision in tip divided into two acute points, each with two-three
fine bristles in tip. In the p the middle lobe of same joint is div-
ided by a deeper, rounded incision into two suarp tips of same len.^th

-41-

(Page 313)
as the rather broad, at the tip bristle-bearing sidelobes, which
dorsally have two narrow outer lobes.

Eistributed in Europe on damp or half-damp ground, under leaves,
fagot, and manure, rotting plants and the like, and rather common
everywhere in Denmark.

12. T. niar:J:inellus Fabr.

(Fabr.Spec. Ins. I, 337; Erich. Kaf. L:k. Br. I, 399; ^en. Spec.
Staph. 263; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 412; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 157; Rey
Brevip. 1883, 160; ianglb. Kaf. I.'. II, 34?).

Very closely allied to laticollis. of same length and similar
color, but less broad, with pronotum narrower, lov.er convex, and el-
ytra somewhat longer.

Black or pitch-black, shining; sidemargins and back-mLirgin af ^ro-
notum rather sharply bounded and narrowly brownish-yellow; elytra
pitch-black or blackish-brownish; a longitudinal stripe along the
sides and back-margins reddish or brownish yellow; antennal base and
legs reddish-yellow.

Punctation and other sculpture of the body, as well as antennal
structure like that of laticollis; pronotum is not broader than el-
ytra, and these are about 1* times as long as pronotum. L. 4-4.5 mm.

In the (5* the abdominal middle-lobe of the sixth free dorsal joint
is longer than the short, tooth-formed, bristle-bearing sidelobes,
and the tip divided into two acute points, by a small angular in-
cision. In the O the middle-lobe of the same Joint is a little short-
er than the sidelobes, and is cleft into two points, each v^ith a fine

-42-

(Page 313)
bristle. Ihe side-lobes are as usual bristle-bearin-- and have dor-
sally a narrov- outer lobe.

Distributed everywhere in Tviiddle- and North Europe, and is com-
mon on damp or half -damp ground under leaves, fagot, manure, in
plant-dung and the like.

13. T. collaris -Jravh,

(^ravh. Micr. 143; Srich. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 400; ien. Spec. Staph,
264; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 414; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 159; Rey Br^vin.
1883, 165; Janglb. Kaf. I.I. II, 346).

Our smallest species, closely allied to the tv<o preciding speci-
es, more distinctly punctated than these, and also distinguishable by
the convex, broad form of pronotum, and its as a rule light color.

Black or pitch-black, shining; pronotum yellowish-red or brov\n-
ish-red, often darker at middle; elytra reddish-brovvn or pitchrbrown,
their back-margin anc back-margins of the abdominal joints narrov.-
ly translucent reddish; antennal base, mouth-parts, and legs reddish-
yellow.

Head is shiny, v.ith very fine and not dense punctation; anten-
nae long, their next-last joints as broad as long; pronotum broader
than elytra, convex, distinct and rather densely punctatea, surface

smooth; elytra Ij times as long as pronotum, witu dense and robust

— (314) .—
punctation, the surface not aciculated; abdomen tapering, finer and

a little denser punctated than elytra, its two first free dorsal

joints with two feeble, small hair-spots on middle, the sixth with

an outstanding marginal bristle on sides. L. 3-4 mm.

-43-

(Pasje 314)
In the C? the middle lobe of the abdominal sixth free dorsal Joini
longer than the short, tootn-f ormed, bristle-bearing sidelobes, and
the tip divided into two short, acute points, by a small angular in-
cision. In the ^ the middle lobe of the same Joint is as long as
the pointed, narrov.ly trian^le-snaped, bristle-Dearinj sidelobes, the
tip is divided into two narrow triangular-shaped points, by a deep
acute-angular incision.

Eistributed in North and Middle Europe; here it is not rare in
plant-fertilizer, ana under rotten plants, also on damp grouna under
leaves and in alluvium.

2. Subgenus Crymoporus Thorns.

14. 1. elonJiatus iyllh.

(Jyiih. Ins. Suec. II, 251; Srichs. Jen. Spec. vStaph. 265; Kraatz
Ins. D. II, 416; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 15&; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 171;
3anglb. Kaf. M. II, 347).

The largest species of the genus, elongated and uniformly, and
by the form alone easily distinguished from all the preceding speci-
es.

Black, feebly glistening; posterior margins of elytra. and abdom-
inal joints narrowly translucent reddish; elytra and legs pitch-black
or pitch-brown.

Head and pronotura witli particularly fine, scattered dot-punct-
ation, the surface v\iih particularly fine transversal aciculstion;
antennae proportionally short and robust, their next-last joints amp-
ly as broad as long; pronotum posteriorly at least as broad as elytra,

-44-

(Page 314)
a little broader than lonj^, rather stronjiy narrowing; forwardly,
slightly convex; elytra almost Ij times as 1 on^- as pronolum, with
feeble traces of longitudinal grooves, with rather robust and dense
linear-punctation, rugget at middle; abdomen elongate, uniforn breadth^
only the distal joint briefly tapering;, fine and particularly at sides
densely punctated, the three first free ^orsal Joints v.lth two small
hair-spots on middle, the fifth with a long marginal bristle on sides.
L. 8-lC mm.

In the (5^ the fore-tibiae toward tip, and the fore-tarsi rather
strongly dilated. The midale-lobe of abdominal sixth free dorsal
joint is a little longer than the short, bristle-bearing sidelobes,
the tip by an angular incision divided into two snort, obtuse points.
In the ^ the ciddle-lobe of the sar^e Joint is a little longer than
tne rather broad, with two long bristles in tip provided sidelobes,
and is by a very deep incision divided into two long, narrow points.

Listributed in North- and Lliddle Europe, but everywhere here

rare or very rare; on half-moist ground under leaves, rocks and the

like, also in alluvium (i^'rederikshavn, KarbojzTre, Aalborg, Randers,

Kolding, Haderslev; Antvorskov, Gharlottenlund, and other places).

(Page 315)

53. Genus Ischyporus Jravh.

(Jravh. Iviicropt. 18GC, 1; Srichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 231; Kraatz
Ins. E. II, 417; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 149; F.ey Dre^'vip. 1883, 75;
Sanglb. Kaf. M. II, 348).

Tachyporus differ from Tachinus mainly in that, the third joint

of the maxillary palpi is as long as the second, and that the distal

• -45-

(Page 315)
joint is ver/ short and thin, subulifo'pmi •'- • For the rest note the
following :

The body is more or less fusiform, anteriorly obtusely rounded
and rather convex, posteriorly tapering, oftenest predominantly li^ht
colored; pronotum and elytra have several, abdomen many outstand-
ing marginal bristles, otherwise the head and pronotum are naked,
shiny, elytra and abdomen are very sparsely covered vjith particular-
ly fine, prostrate hair, or the former almost naked; the heaa is
short and broad, deeply imbedded in the pronotum, eyes only slight-
ly protruding, antennae slender, lightly thickened outwardly. Prono-
tum is large, broader than, or as broad as elytra, anteriorly round-
edly narrowing, convex, its posterior margin fitting closely to the
base of elytra, which oftenest are somewhat longer than pronotum.
Abdomen is tapering, with sharp side-ridges; legs rather slender, me-
dial tibiae finely spiniferous, all tarsi 5-Jointed, their fourth
joint peculiarly small, the three first fore-tarsal joints of the Cy
is more or less strongly, in the O occasionally feebly dilated, the
first joint of the hina-tarsi is stretched as long as the two follow-
ing ^oints together.

The sixth abdominal free dorsal joint of the o and Q differs in
form, but in the same manner in all species; the sex-characters are
therefore not species-defining. In the o the said dorsal joint
is undivided, with rounded tip, in the p divided by sharp incisions
into two br J stle-bearing sidelobes, and a middle-lobe, which again
is divided into two narrow tips, almost, as long as the sidelobes.

-4 6-

(Page 315)
In the O the posterior margin of the next-last ventral Joint has an
angular incision.

Tachypori are active, smaller staphylid. which live on various
sorts of ground under the turf, and ofte are numerous in alluviuQi.
In North and Middle-Europe 13 species are k^ov^n. and of these 11 are
found here in Denmark.

Key to Species.

1. Head reddish-yellow g.

Head black or blackish-brownish 3.

2. Elytra distinctly longer than pronotum, black at base. L.

3. 5-4 mm 1, T. obtusus Linn.

silytra not or a very little longer than pronotum, entirely

reddish-yellow. L. 3-3.5 mm 2. 1. abdominalis Fabr.

3. Pronotum redciish-yellow cr yellowish-red, or brownish-yellow

with darker middle 4.

Pronotum black, its sides anteriorly narrowly, posteriorly

broader reddish-yellow 8.

Pronotum posteriorly yellowish-red, its anterior half part

black or blackish-brownish. L. S.P-3 mm... 7.T. transversal! s iravh,

(Page 316)

4. Elytra almost naked or scarcely visibly haired, clear reddish-

yellow, or yellow-reddish, at scutellum and on base narrowly
black, with or without black longitudinal stripe on sides.. 5.
Elytra very finely, though rather distinctly haired, differently
colored 6.

-47-

(Page 316)

5. iSlytra without longitudinal stripe on sides, only on base and at

SGUtellum narrov\ly black. L. 3.5-4 mm... 3. T. solutus Br.
Elytra v^th a narrovi,, black longitudinal stripe on sides, other-
wise same as solutus. L. 3-3.5 nm. . . . 4. T.chrysomellnus Linn.

6. Body rattier narrow and flat. Pronotum brownish-yellow, middle

dark-brownish. L. 2.5-3 mm 11. I. nitldulus Fabr.

Body rather broad and convex. Pronotum yelloviish-red, middle
occasionally brownish 7,

7. Elytra distinctly longer than pronotum. L. 2*-5r3 aim

5. T. atriceps Steph.

Elytra not longer than pronotum. L. 3-3. 5mm.., 6. T.ruricollis iravh.

8. Blytra red, a small spot around scutellum and a longitudinal

spot along the sides black. 1. 3.-5-4 mm... 8. T.hypnorum Fabr.
Elytra black or brownish 9.

9. Pronotum not broader than elytra. L. 8-3 mm... P. T. pusillus ^ravh.
Pronoruir distinctly broader than elytra. L. S-3 mm

10. T. macropterus Steph.

1. T. obtusus Linn.

(Linne Syst. Nat. 1, 2, 684; Brichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 392; :;en.
Spec. Staph. 232; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 419; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill,
149; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 79; ^anglb. Kaf. U. II, 34P).

One of the larger species, easily recognized by the color alone.

Reddish-ye] low ; .abdomen yellowish-red; the anterior part of el-
ytra of greater or smaller aitnention, and the distal abdominal joints,
also meso- and metasternum black.

In general the anterior half part of elytra is black, but a va-

-48-

(Page 316)
riety occurs, where the black color is limited to & small spot a-
round scutellum , and a stripe at the humeri. - Elytra are l/:S long-
er than pronotutn. L. 3.5-4 mm.

Very common everywhere in Surope on forest-, meadow- and fiela-
ground. The color-variety is rare (Lyngby Moor in alluvium, auth.).

2. T. abdominalis Fabr.

(Fabr. Spec. Ins. II, App. 501; iurichs. Kaf. Mk. br. I, 393;
>ien. Spec. Staph. 233; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 420; ;»anglb. Kaf. K. II,
350. - ruficeps Kraatz Ins. L. II, 42H; Bey Br^vip. 1883, 84).

Identifiable by the color, and by the proportionately short elytra.

Reddish-yellow; base of abdominal joints also meso- and meta-
sternum brownish-black; antennae dark toward the tip.

Elytra only a very little or not longer than pronotum. - In the
callow animals, which supposedly are immature specimens of closely
allied species, the yellow color of the head, and the short, entire-
ly yellow elytra are the surest characters. L. 3-3.5 mm.

Distributed in i.'.idale- and North Europe. In Denmark it is very

rare (Lyrehaven at Copenhagen, Orholm Common, at S^borg Lake, Sorja;

Kerteminde; liaderslev; Saebygaard's forest in Vendsyssel).

(Page 317)

3. I. solutus br.

(iirichs. vJen. Spec. Staph. 236; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 421; Thorns.
Skand. Col. HI, 150; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 85; ianglb. Kaf. i;. II, 350).

Identifiable particularly by color, proportionally robust anten-
nae, and naked elytra.

Yellowish-red; the head, a small spot around scutellum and often

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(Page 317)
extending along the base of elytra, abdomen, with exception of the
anterior Joints' translucent yellow back-margins, also meso- and meta-
sternum black.

Antennae are distally rather strongly thickened, their three-
four next-last joints about as broad as long; elytra 1/3 longer than
pronotura, with posteriorly feebly converging sides, and very short,
fine marginal-bristles, especially fine scattered punctation, naked
or only by great magnifying visible, extremely fine and sparsely hair-
ed; abdominal joints on their AkKXr anterior part with distinct, dense
punctation, at posterior margins finer and more scattere'd punctati-
on. L. 3.5-4 mm.

On field- and forest ground, distributed everywhere in Europe, and
not rare, but less f^-equent here than the following species.

4. T» chrysomelinus Linn.

(Linne Faun, 3uec. n. 855; Brichs. Kaf . Mk.Br. I, 3?.:5; ien. Spec.
Staph. 235; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 421; Thorns, okand. Col. Ill, 150;
Eey Ere'vip. 1883, 87; Janglb. Kaf. I-;. II, 350).

From solutus, to which it is very closely allied, and like in
form, size, and color, it is generally easily distinguished in that,
the elytra as a rule has a black longitudinal stripe from humerus
down along the sides. Ihis stripe is often abbreviated, and can oc-
casionally be entirely missing; chry somelinus is then distinguished
from solutus by the finer, darker antennae, coarser and longer side-
bristles on elytra and abdomen, also by the finer punctation. L. 3-
3.5 mm.

Distributed everywhere in Europe and very common here in Denmark

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(Page 317)
on damp or half-damp ground.

5. T, atrlceps Steph.

(Steph. III. Brit. V. 181; (ianglb. Kaf. Li, II, 351, - humerosus
Erichs. (Jen. Spec. Staph. 2'68; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 424; Thorns. Skand.
Col. IX, 3CC; Eey Bre'vip. 1883, SO).

A somewhat changeable species, best identified by the color of
pronotum, and the distinct, though very fine hairiness.

Black; pronotum yellowish-red, the middle at times yellow-brown-
ish; elytra brownish-red, around scutellum, at base, and alon^ sides
oftenest black, rarely entirely brownish-red; more often the black
color is spreadin-- so greatly that the back-margin and suture, or the
back-margin alone are brownish-red; back-margin of the abdominal Joints
are translucent reddish-yellow, antennae brov<nish, their base, mouth-
parts, and legs reddish-yellow.

(Page 218)

Pronotum is rather strongly convex, amply as broad as elytra;
these distinctly longer than pronotum, very fine ana rather densely
punctated, in the not out-worn animals distinctly, though very fine
and sparingly haired, sides posteriorly feebly converging; abdomen
very finely and rather densely punctated. L. 2.5-3 mm.

distributed in Surope and rather fre^juent here on damp forest-

and meadow-ground.

6. 1. ruficollis Glravh.

(Ciravh. Iilicr. 128; Erichs. ^en. Spec. Staph. 235; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 424; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 90 (humerosus); ianglb. Kaf. L:. II, 3f.l).

Very closely allied to a triceps, but oftenest larger and with

-51-

(Page 318)

Shining black; pronotum yellowish-red; elytra black with red-
brownish back-margin, occasionally more spreading brownish; back-
margins of abdominal Joints narrowly translucent reddish; antenna!
base, mouth-parts, and le^s reddish yellow.

Pronotum large, strongly convex; elytra not longer than pronotum,
posteriorly feebly narrowing, very fine, though rather distinctly
haired, with very fine and rather dense punctation likewise the ab-
domen. L. 3-3.5 mm.

Distributed particularly in J-Iiddle European mountain-regions,
and not found in Sweden or England. In Denmark very rare on damp
ground. (Vejle, Frisenborg Forests, at Jul Lake, Ejsb^l at Haders-
lev and several other places).

7. T. transversal! s .Jravh.

(<Jravh. Mon. 6; Lrichs. Kaf. Llk. Br. I, 395; ,;en. Spec. Staph.
24Ci Kreatz Ins. D. II, 425; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 151; Rey Bre-
vip. 1863, 103; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 151).

Easily identified by the color of pronotum and elytra .

Black, occasionally with a feeble bluish reflection; pronotum
posteriorly yellowish-red, its anterior half-part black or blackish-
brownish; elytra black, their posterior third part yellowish-red;
back-margins of abdominal joints broadly, translucent reddish-yel-
low; antennae reddish-brownish, their base, mouth-parts, and legs
reddish-yellow.

Head small; antennae distinctly thickened outwardly; pronotum con-
vex, a little broader than elytra, these about 1/3 longer than pro-

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(Page 318)
notum, with parallel sides, as well as abdomen particularly fine, not
densely punctated, sparsely and very finely haired. L. Z.i~s> mm.

Here and there at the edge of lakes and water places under leaves
and in alluvium, distributed in Europe, but altogether, also here,
rather rare; oftenest found in North-Sjalland.

T, tersus lir. fron .Middle-Europe, and England has like transvers-
alis parallel-sided elytra, about 1/3 longer than pronotutn, but is
otherwise nearest like atriceps. Fronotum is reddish-yellovv, the mid-
dle often darker; - - (Pa^e 319)— - elytra reddish-yellow, one,
often at the suture extended, mutual-spot around scutelluci, and a
longitudinal stripe along the sides black. L. 2.5 mm, (Janglb. ) .
- This species may possibly also be found here in Denmark.

8. T. hypnorum Fabr.

(Fabr. Syst. Snt. 266; Srichs. Kaf. T.Ik. Br. I, 394; Jen. Spec,
Staph. 234; Kraatz Ins. C. II. 423; Thorns. Skand. Gol. Ill, 150; Key
Bre'vip. 1883, 92; Janglb. Kaf. r^:. II, 351).

Identifiable by the color of pronotum, and the posteriorly feeb-
ly narrowed elytra.

Shining black; anteriorly sides of pronotunj narrowly, posterior-
ly as well as hind-corners broadly reddish or brownish yellow; elytra
brov'jnish-red or red, around scutellum and from humerus along sides
black; back-margins of abdominal joints very narrowly, translucent
reddish; antennae pitch-brownish, their base, mouth-parts, and legs
yellow.

Antennae are fine; pronotum rather convex and full" as broad as

-53-

(Page 319)
elytra; tliese l/'6 longer than pronotum, posteriorly feebly narrow-
ing, very fine sparsely haired, and together with abdomen very fine-
ly and rather densely punctated. L. 3.5-4 mm.

Common everyv/here in Europe on field-, meadow- and forest-ground.
9. I. pusillus iravh.

(Gravh. Mon. 9; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 394; >ien. Spec. Staph.
239; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 437; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 151; Rey Bre-
vip. 1883, 97; Janglb. Kaf. M. II,?52).

A rather small and low convex species, identifiable particular-
ly by the color of pronotum, and the parallel elytra.

Black; sides of pronotum rather broadly, and its back-margin nar-
rowly brownish-yellow; elytra darker or lighter reddish-brown, along
sides, occasionally also at middle brownish-black; back-margins of
abdominal Joints very narrowly, translucent brownish yellow; anten-
nae pitch-brown, their base, mouth-parts, and legs brownish yellow.

Pronotum not broader than elytra, feebly convex; these 1/3 long-
er than pronotum, and with parallel or feebly convex sides, together
with abdomen with particularly fine, but not dense punctation, very
fine and sparsely haired. L. 2-3 mm.

Distributed in Europe, but far less common than the preceding

species, found here and there in Denmark, but rare.

10. T. macropterus Steph.

(Staph, ill. Brit. V. 1P6; ianglb. Kaf. M. II. 352. -^ scitulus .
^^ichsJ ,K§if i ;l'ki- Br» -'.I, 395; G^n. Spec. Staph. 240; Kraatz ins. j;.
II, 426; Thorns, bkand. 'Jol. Ill, 151; Rey Bre'vip. 1683, 95).

Very closely allied to pusillus, but more convex, with broader

pronotum, and shorter elytra.

-54-

(320)

Black; sides and baok-margins of pronotum as well as elytra bi own-
ish-yellow; back-margins of the abdominal Joints translucent reddish-
brown; antennae brownish, their base, mouth-parts, and legs brownish
ye 1 1 ow .

Antennae feebly thickened outwardly; pronotum broader than elytra;
these only a little longer than pronotum, and not narrowed posteri-
orly, together with the abdomen finely and not densely punctated and
haired, somewhat more distinctly punctated than in pusillus. L. 2-3 mm.

On damp woodland ground, very rare in this country (Viby Krat at
Aarhus, Floes Forest at Randers, Lindum Forest south of Hobro); dis-
tributed in Europe.

11. T. nitidulus Fabr.

(Fabr. Spec. Ins. I, 337; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 352. - brunneus Fabr.
Brichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 3&E; ien. Spec. Staph. 241; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
427; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 152; Rey Br^vip. 1883, 100).

In connection with color particularly identifiable by the form of
body, which is narrower and lower convex than of any of the preceding
species.

Brownish- or reddish-yellow; the head, middle of pronotum , meso-
and metasternum. as well as base of abdominal joints oftenest black-
ish-brownish; occasionally the base and sides of elytra are also dark;
antennae are unicolorous, together with mouth-parts, and legs reddish
yellow.

Antennae are feebly tllickened outwardly; pronotum low convex, a
little broader than elytra, which are amply 1/3 longer than pronatum,

-55-

(Page 32C)
not narrowing posteriorly, and together with abdomen with fine and
rather dense punctation, and more distinctly haired than any of the
preceding species. L. 2.5-3 mm.

On meadow- and marsh-ground, at the edge of lakes and watering
places in alluvium, and under leaves, distributed everywhere in Eu-
rope, and not rare in Denmark.

54. Jenus Lamprinus Heer.

(Heer Faun. Helv. I, 286; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 428; Thorns. Skand.
Col. Ill, 152; Rey Brevip. 1883, 66; langlb. Kaf. lil. II, 353).

Very closely allied to, and in regard to appearance of body, form,
punctation and hair-covering like Tachyporus. from which it however
is easily distinguished by the following characters:

Antennae shorter and much more robust, outwardly more strongly
thickened, from the side distinctly flatly depressed; the third joint
of maxillary palpi twice as long as the second, the fourth joint short,
only i as long as the third, styliform, obtusely pointed; tarsi short-
er and more robust, pressed together from sides, their fourth joint
smaller than the third, but not like that of Tachyporus remarkably
small; fore-tarsi alike in both sexes, not dilated.

In Middle Europe 3 species occurs, which are said partly to live
with ants, of these 1 is distributed in North Europe, and also found
here in Denmark.

(Page 321)
1. L. saglnatus Sravh.

(3ravh. Mon. 6; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 393; Sen. Spec. Staph. 234;

-56-

(Page 321)

Krftatz. Ins. D. II, 429; Thorns. Skand, Col. Ill, 152; R«y Brc'vlp. 1883j
71; (Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 353).

Broad, robustly built, in collar not unlike Tachyporus solutus,
but considerably larger and more robust, and otherwise easily identi-
fied by the characteristics of the antennae.

Yellowish-red; head, meso- and metasternum, also the abdomen, with
exception of back-margins of the joints black; antennae, mouth-parts,
and legs reddish-yellow.

Head and pronotum very shiny, naked without punctation; antennae
not longer than head and pronotum together, robust, strongly thicken-
ed, outward toward the tip distinctly flatly depressed, their next-
last joints broader than long; pronotum large, posteriorly fully as
broad as elytra, anteriorly rounded narrowing, convex, antennae only a
little longer than pronotum, with parallel sides, very finely and
rather densely punctated, and very finely and sparsely haired; abdo-
men tapering, somewhat more distinctly and densely punctated than the
elytra, and like these very finely haired, and with many outstanding
side-margin bristles. L. 4-5 mm.

In the (5^ the abdominal sixth free dorsal joint undivided, the tip
rounded off. in the p it is cleft in four equally long, pointed tips.

Distributed, but everywhere rare or very rare, on damp forest-
er marsh-ground under leaves and moss, also at lakes and watering-
places in alluvium (Vang Forest, and Agdrup thicket in Vendsyssel,
Aalborg at the Fjord, Lindum Forest etc. Hobro; Dalum at Odense; Bol-
lemosen, Raavad Moor, at Hulemose Lake, ii'.ose at Killerjod and several

-57-

(Page 321)
places in North-Sjaelland) . Said to be found with ants, particularly
the species Myrmlca and Lasius. The larva is found in Skaane with
ttyrm. rubga (Cand. A. Kemner, Lund).

5. Division Bolitobiina.
Antennae 11- jointed; temples and genae of the head with sharp
ridges (margins); elytra with suture-stripe; all tarsi 5-jointed.
To this 4 genera.

Key to 3enera:

1. Last joint of maxillary palpi about as long as, or longer than

the next-last 2.

Last joint of maxillary palpi very small, styliform, much short-
er and finer than the next-last ... 58. Mycetoporus Mannh.

2. First joints of middle- and hind-tarsi with several fine spines

on the ventral side; last joint of. maxillary palpi thick,
conically tapering; antennae long. Elytra unicolorous. . .

56. Bryocharis Boisd.

First joint of middle- and hind-tarsi on ventral side haired,
but without distinct spines; last joint of maxillary palpi
rather cylindrical or feebly tapering 3.

3. Elytra with yellow or black spots 55. Bolitobius Mannh.

Elytra unicolorous 57. Bryoporus Kr.

(Page 322)
55, Genus Bolitobius Mannh.
(Mannerh. Brach. 64} Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 403; jen. Spec.

-58-

•i.i^j..;;:yn.

(Page 322)

Staph. 268; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 439; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II, 361. - Thorns.
Skand. Col. Ill, 170, 171, 166: Bolitobius. Lordl then, and Megacronus.
- Rey Brevlp. 1882, 195, 189: Bolitobius and Megacronus).

The body is elongated, more or less spoole-shaped (fusiform), low
convex; thorax naked, abdomen sparsely haired; head somewhat downward
bent, posteriorly not constricted, oftenest as broad as long, oc-
cationally strongly elongated; eyes scarcely protruding, temples
and genae sharply marginated; antennae of various lenght and strength;
maxillary palpi oftenest rather slender, their last Joint about as
long as - or longer than the next-last, rather cylindrical or feebly
tapering, more rarely are they somewhat thickened, and the distal
Joint more egg-shaped (subgenus Carphacis) ; labial palpi, rather small.

Pronotum more often a little narrower than elytra, somewhat bro-
ader than long, anteriorly narrowing with strongly deflected anteri-
or corners, low convex, smooth and shiny, but with single bristle-bear-
ing punctures along the margins; elytra considerably longer than the
pronotum, feebly convex, with yellow or black spots, their humeri
with a slight callus, the sides sharply marginated, posterior margin
squarely truncated, dorsum with impressed sutural groove, and three
punctate stripes, of which one lies in the sutural groove, one along
the side, and the third, dorsum stripe, in a feeble groove from the
humeral callus along the dorsal surface; the punctures of the dorsum
stripe differs in number in the species, and may therefore serve as
identification characters. The abdomen is oftenest strongly taper-
ing, least in striatus; legs slender, femora at tip, and tibiae with

-59-

(Page 322)
fine spines, the latter with two longer uncus at apex, tarsi long
and slender, 5-jointed, first joint of middle- and hind-tarsi as
long as the three following, gradually shorter joints together, on
ventral side finely haired, but without spines.

In the (5^ the abdominal sixth ventral joint is at tip concave or
squarely truncated, in the O convex.

The species live - as the genus name indicates - particularly in
fungi. Of the in Middle- and North-Europe distributed 9 species, 5 are
heretofore found in Benmark, 2 or 3 of the rest may possibly still
be encountered, and are included in the following.

Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. Antennae short and remarkably robust, their middle- and next-last

joints strobgly transverse, the next-last ones more than
twice as broad as long. Maxillary palpi thick. Abdomen only
feebly tapering: 3. subgenus Carphacis Joz.- Elytra brown- or
yellowish-red with a black spot on the outer posterior corr

ners. L. 5-6 mm 8. B. striatus 01 iv.

Antennae more or less long and slender, their next-last joints
as long as broad or not strongly transverse. Maxillary palpi
rather slender. Abdomen strongly tapering 2.

2. Head remarkably long and narrow with oval, not protruding eyes:

1. subgenus Bolitobius s. str 3.

Head rather short, as broad as long; eyes feebly protruding:

2. subgenus Lordithon Thoms 5.

-60-

(Page 323)

3. The posterior margin of pronotum without marginal ridge.

Elytra with scutellum and its nearest surroundiogs black,
a large spot on the humerus, and the posterior margins

light yellow. L. 5-6 mm 1. B. lunulatus Linn.

Posterior margin of pronotum with fine marginal ridge. Scutellum
red; elytra black, a broad transversal band over base light
yellow 4.

4. Dorsum-stripe of elytra with 8-12 punctures. The species lar-

ger than lunulatus. L. 8-9 mm 2. B. speciosus Er.

Dorsum-stripe of elytra with 4-6 punctures. The species often-

est smaller than lunulatus. L. 4-6 mm. .3. B. pulchellus Mannh.

5. Posterior margin of pronotum with fine ridge 6.

Posterior margin of pronotum without ridge 7.

6. Abdomen black or pitch-black, posterior margins of joints

reddish-brown. Dorsum-stripe of elytra with 10-12 punctures.

L. 4-5.5 nm 4. B. trimaculatus Payk.

Abdomen red-brownish. Dorsum-stripe of elytra with 8-10 punc-
tures. L. 4-5.5 mm 5. B. trinotatus Er.

7. Dorsum-stripe of elytra with 16-12 punctures. Next-last joint

of antennae scarcely transverse. L. 3.5-5 mm

6. B.exoletus Er.

Dorsum-stripe of elytra with 4-6 punctures. Next-last joints

of antennae distinctly transverse. L. 2.5-4.5 mm

7. B. pygmaeus Fabr.

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(Page 323)

1. Subgenus Bolltobius s. str.

1. B, lunulatue Linn.

(Linne Syst. Nat I. 2, 684; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 170; Rey

Brevip. 1883, 201; Janglb. Kaf. 1.1. II, 362. - atrlcaplllus Fabr. Syst.

Ent. 267; Erlchs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 408; Jen. Spec. Staph. 276; Kraatz
Ins. D. II, 447).

A rather large, fusiform, vari-colored, and lustrously shining
species, identifiable particularly by the remarkably elongated form
of the head, and the color of the elytra.

Yellowish-red, very strongly shining; head, me so- and metaster-
num, scutellum, and elytra, also the abdominal three last joints black;
a large, triangular spot on humerus, and the elytral posterior mar-
gins, also posterior margin of the third last abdominal joint light
yellow; the middle and next-last Joints of the antennae black, distal
joint yellowish-red, the four first joints, mouth-parts, and legs
reddish-yellow.

The head is remarkably long and narrow, almost beak- shaped,
smooth; antennae long, nearest base slender, distinctly thickened
outwardly, their next-last joints as long as broad, distal joint
rather large; pronotum posteriorly narrower than elytra, anteriorly
strongly narrowing, slightly convex, with single marginal punctures,
but otherwise smooth and shiny; elytra i time longer than pronotum,
with 6-7 punctures in the dorsum-(or back) stripe - as well as in the
suture- and side-stripe - for the rest smooth and shiny; abdomen
strongly tapering, simple punctation, sparse and long hair. L. 5-6 mm.

In the o the sixth ventral joint of abdomen is smooth along the

• 62-

(Page 324)

Scutellum is reddish; a rather broad, posteriorly almost straight
transversal band on base of elytra and their posterior margin light
yellow; fifth free dorsal joint of abdomen almost black, posterior
margin of pronotum finely marginated, and elytra has only 4-6 punctu-
res in the dorsum-stripe. L. 4-6 mm. (;Janglb.).

Eistributed throughout Middle Europe, and found several places
in easthern Sweden, in viotland and in Finland. Has not so far been
found here in Denmark; it might most probably be found in Bornholm.

2. Subgenus Lordlthon Thorns.

4, B. trimaculatus Payk.

(Payk. Faun. Suec. Ill, 422; Erichs. (Jen. Spec. Staph. 279;
Kraatz Ins. D. II. 449; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 173; 3anglb. Kaf. U.
II, 364).

Very closely allied to the following species, trinotatus. scar-
cely longer, but broader, anteriorly and posteriorly shorter taper-
ing, and with more punctures in the dorsal stripe of elytra.

Biack, shining; pronotum either entirely brownish-yellow or the
sides are brownish-yellow, and the middle pitch-brownish; elytra
reddish brownish-yellow, suture, sides, and an out-spread, triangu-
lar spot on the outer posterior corners black; abdomen black or
pitch-black, posterior margins of its joints reddish-brownish; an-
tennae brownish, reddish at tip, their four-five first joints, mouth-
parts, and legs reddish-yellow.

(Page 325)

Posterior margin of pronotum is finely marginated, and the

■64-

(Page 325)
elytral dorsum-stripe as well as the suture stripe with 10-12
punctures. L. 4-5.5 mm. (Kraatz, Janglb.).

It is distributed in Jermany, found at Hamborg, also in Norway,
Middle-Sweden and Finland, but heretofore not in Denmark, where its
existence however Is not improbable.

5. B. trinotatus Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 409; Gen. Spec. Staph. 279; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 44S; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 174; Rey Brevip. 1883, 208; Janglb.
Kaf. M. II, 364).

Fusiform, like the following species somewhat varying in color;
identifiable particularly by the finely marginated posterior margin
of pronotum, the number of Junctures in the dorsal stripe of elytra,
and the color of abdomen.

Reddish brownish-yellow, shiny; head black; pronotum at middle

occasionally darkish-brownish; elytra grayish-yellow or brownish yel-
low * large spot on the outer posterior corners, and as a rule a

small spot on each side of scutellum, often this and the suture black
or brownish-black; abdomen reddish-brown, the next-last joints dark-
er; antennae brownish or pitch-black, their base, mouth-parts, and
legs yellow.

The head is a little longer than broad; antennae not long, feeb-
ly thickened outwardly, their next-last joints as long as broad; pro-
notum posteriorly narrower than elytra, anteriorly narrowed, feeb-
ly convex, together with head smooth and shiny, its posterior mar-
gin particularly finely marginated; elytra scarcely 1-^ times as

-65-

(Page 325)
long as pronotum, *ith 8, more rarely 10 punctures in the dorsal
stripe, between the rows of punctures smooth and shiny. Abdomen strong-
ly tapering, with very scattered, rather robust punctation, and
sparse, long hair-clothing. L..4-5.5 mm.

In the & the abdominal sixth ventral joint with a feeble de-
pression along the middle, and with a small carina at base.

Distributed in Europe, and particularly in the autumn frequent
here in fungi, mostly in woodlands.

6. B« exoletus Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 409; Jen. Spec. Staph. 280; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 450; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 174; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 212; Ganglb.
Kaf. M. II, 364).

Narrower and slenderer than trinotatus, which it resembles in
color; distinguishable particularly by the number of punctures in
the dorsum-stripe of elytra.

Reddish-yellow, shining; head black; elytra straw-yellow, a more
or less extensive spot on the outer posterior corners, rarely also
a feeble spot around scutellum pitch-black or dark; abdomen often
brownish-red or reddish-brown; antennae feebly brownish, their base,
mouth-parts, and legs yellow.

Head as long as broad; antennae feebly thickened outwardly, their
next-last joints not broader than long; posterior margin of prono-
tum not marginated; elytra with 10-12 closely set punctures in the
dorsal stripe. L. 3.5-5 mm.

■&&'

(Page 326)

In the S the abdominal sixth ventral joint is without carina
at base, but is otherwise formed like the preceding species.

Distributed particularly in woodland regions, but rather rare
or local; in fungi, particularly in the autumn. Burope.

7. B. pygmaeus Fabr.

(Fabr. Spec. Ins. I, 339; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 410; Gen. Spec.
Staph. 280; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 451; Thorns. Skand. Gol, III, 174; Bey
Brevip. 1883. 217; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 365).

It varies greatly in color and size, therefore in comparison with
the preceding species is particularly identifiable by the proportio-
nately robust antennae, and the few punctures in the dorsal stripe
of elytra.

Brownish-yellow, shining; head black; pronotum at middle rather
bounded dark-brown or black; elytra straw-yellow, oftenest with a
blackish-brown spot on the outer posterior corners, occasionally
out'-spreading black, with a large yellow, downward directed spot on
humerus; «U)domen lighter or darker brownish-red, occasionally black;
antennae dark, their base, mouth-parts, and legs yellow.

The antennae are shorter and more robust than those of the pre-
ceding species, distinctly thickened outwardly, their next-last joints
transverse; posterior margin of pronotum not marginated; elytral dor-
sal stripe with only 4-6 punctures; the abdomen sparsely punctated,
however more dense than of the preceding species. L. 2.5-4.5 mm.

In the C^ the abdominal sixth ventral joint anteriorly with a fine
carina at middle, posteriorly slightly depressed.

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(Page 326)
Distributed in Europe, and particularly in the autumn common
in Denmark, in fungi.

3. Subgenus Carphacis iozis.

(Megacronus Thorns.).

8. B. striatus Oliv.

(Oliv. int. Ill, 42; Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 275; Kraatz Ins.
B. II, 448; Ihoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 166; Fey Bre'vip. 1883, 192; (ianglb.
Kaf. U. II, 365).

Of more uniform breadth than the preceding species of this genus,
and in comparison *ith these otherwise easily identified by the re-
markably robust antennae, and by the color of elytra.

Black, pitch-black or pitch-brown, shiny; margins of pronotum
often translucently reddish-brownish; elytra brownish-red or yellowish-
red, but in front of posterior corners with a large, outspread black
spot, which however does not include the posterior margin nor reach
the suture; posterior margins of the abdominal joints red- or yellow-
brownish; antennae pitch-brown, their four first joints, mouth-parts,
and legs yellowish-red.

Head and pronotum smooth and shining; head short; antennae short
and robust, distinctly shorter than head and pronotum together, their
next-last joints more than twice as broad as long; pronotum posteri-
orly only a little narrower than elytra, anteriorly narrowing, its
posterior margin finely marginated;

(Page 327)
elytra scarcely 1/3 longer than pronotum, with 6-8 punctures in dor-

■66-

-..'■'1-

(Page 327)
sum- aDd suture-stripe, the surface otherwise smooth and shiny; ab-
domen feebly tapering, rather robust, sparsely punctated. L. 5-6 mm.
In the S the abdominal sixth ventral joint posteriorly feebly

impressed and smooth, its posterior margin at each side slightly emai=-
Slnate.

Distributed in Middle- and North-Europe, but everywhere rare; in
Eenmark it is heretofore found only singly in Lindum Forest south of
Hobro.on Polyponis fungi (6. 1885 and 6. 1687, Lje^vendal). In Skaane
it is taken at outflowing tree-sap (Thorns.).

56. lienus Bryocharis Boisd.

(Boisd. Lac. Faun. int. I, 5C2; Ihoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 167; Rey
Brevip. 1883, 179; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 358).

Very closely allied to Bolitobius, from which it differs by the

following characteristics;

The last joint of maxillary palpi is thick, at base about as thick

as the next-last, conically tapering; labial palpi remarkably thick,

*)
their distal joint thick, spoolshaped, proportionately long; first

joint of middle- and hind-tarsi have on their ventral side several

fine, though distinct spines, which are not found in the preceding

or following genus; head is short, with somewhat protruding eyes;

antennae long and slender, considerably longer than head and prono-

tum together; pronotum posteriorly as broad as or broader than elytra,

and these are unicolorous. In the 6' the three first joints of the

fore-tarsi are more or less dilated, and in connection therewith sev-

-6S-
*)broadly fusiform —

(Page 327)
eral other sax-characters occur in the cf.

Of the in Middle- and North- Europe distributed species, 4 or 5,
3 are found in Denmarlc. They live particularly on damp ground under
leaves and moss.

Key to Species.

1. Elytra, with the exception^three , sparsely punctated stripes,

smooth and shiny 2.

Elytra allover rather densely and robustly punctated, finely

haired. L. 7-9 mm 3. B. inclinans Gravh.

2. Elytra to last joint clear yellow. Species rather large and

broad. L. 7-9 mm 1. B. cingulatus Mannh.

Next-last joint of elytra dark, the last brownish-yellow.

Species smaller and. narrower. L. 6-7 mm.... 2. B. analis Paylc.

1. B. cingulatus Mannh.

(Mannerh. Brach. 64; Erichs. Keif. u'k. Br. I. 4C4; Sen. Spec.
Staph. 270; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 443; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 168;
Rey Brevip. 1883, 182; Janglb. Kaf. l&. II, 359. - analis ayllh. Ins.
Suec. II, 269).

A beautiful, conspicuous, and noticeable species, recognised
principally by its color.

Shining black; elytra, the sixth free abdominal joint, and the
posterior half part of the fifth bright red; antennae pitch-black, -
their base and the two last joints, rarely the last only, mouth-
parts, and legs reddish-yellow.

(Page328)

The body (Fig. 108) is fusiform, rather broai slightly convex;

-70-

(Pe^e 328)
head and pronotum specular shiny, and with the exception of a few
scattered bristle-bearing punctures, smooth; antennae robust, distinct-
ly longer than head and pronotum together; pronotum posteriorly amp-
ly as broad as base of elytra, anteriorly narrowing; elytra z longer
than pronotum, specular shining with three indistinct punctate stri-
pes, of which the midale one, dorsal stripe, which lies closer the si-
de than the suture, has only S-5, the suture stripe only 5-6 punct-
ures; abdomen is long tapering, at middle with single, on sides scat-
tered, and rather robust punctation, sparsely grayish-yellow haired,
with many outstanding, black bristles. L. 7-9 mm.

In the S^ the distal joint of the antennae is elongated, larger
and longer than in the ^ ; the three first joints of the fore-tarsi
are strongly dilated, sixth abdominal ventral joint with middle groo-
ve, and robust scabrous punctation, at tip with triangular elongati-
on.

Fig. 108. Bryocharis cin^ulatus Mannh.

On damp woodland ground under leaves and moss, in hollow trees,
and old rotten stubs, in gardens under twigs, and in plant fertilizer;
Distributed in Europe, the greater part of North Asia, and North
America, but everywhere, also in this country, rare and sparse.

2. B. anal is Payk.

(Payk. Mon. Staph. 47; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 4©3; Oen. Spec.
Staph. 269; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 442; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 167; Rey
Bre'vip. 1883, 184; ;ianglb. Kaf. U. II, 359).

Smaller, considerably narrower and with shorter antennae than

cingulatus. which it is almost like in color, punctation and sex-

-71-

-1%.

(Page 328)
characters; but:

The fore-coxae are yellow, and pronotum often yellowish-red
(v. merdarius) like the elytra, or brownish at middlei of the anten-
nae the next-last Joint is dark like the nearest preceding, and the
distal joint is not as in cingulatus clear yellow, but brownish-yeli
low; the sutural stripe of elytra has 8-10 punctures. L. 6-7 mm.

Like the preceding species on damp or half-damp woodland ground
under foliage, moss and twigs, less distributed than this, but some-
what more frequent in Denmark. The variety with yellowish-red pro-
notum is seemingly not rarer than the typical form with entirely
black pronotum.

(Page 329)
3. B. inclinans iravh.

(Jravh. Uon. 33; Brichs. Kaf. lik. Br. I, 405; Gen. Spec. Staph.
271; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 444; Thorns. Skand. Col. 111,168; Rey Bre'vip.
1883, 186; JJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 359).

More often not as broad as cingulatus, but about of same length;
easily identified by the densely punctated, finely haired elytra.

Yellowish-red or light brownish-red, shining; the head and ab-
domen, with exception of the letters two-three last joints, black;
the middle joint of the antennae often pitch-brownish.

The head is smooth; Antennae slender, scarcely thickened out-
wardly, considerably longer than head and pronotum together; pronotum
posteriorly somewhat broader than elytra, slightly convex, with very
f*eble, single punctures; elytra 1/3 longer than pronotum, rather

-72-

■g,

XC

(Page 329)
robust, dense punctation, finely haired; abdomen with coarse, and
sparse punctation, sparse and long hair. L. 7-S mm.

In the cf the two first Joints of the fore-tarsi, stronsly, the
third feebly dilated; middle-tibiae strongly broadened toward tip,
and have at the end two long spiniform processes, of which the inner
is robust, and obliquely truncated at tip; first joint of middle-
tarsi is plate-shaped, and roundedly widened downwardly; sixth ab-
dominal ventral joint with a narrow incision in tip.

On damp woodland ground under leaves and moss or in old stubs;
distributed in the greater part of Europe, but everywhere, here also,
rare or very rare.

A very closely allied species, B. formosus iravh. , is found in
Middle Europe, and in Finland. It is smaller, narrower, and some-
what of lighter color; elytra is very sparsely punctated. In the &
the fore-tarsi only feebly, middle-tibiae and Middle-tarsi not dila-
ted. L. 6-7 mm. - the prospect of finding it in Denmark slight.

57. Jenus Bryoporus Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 452; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 169; Rey Bre'-
vip. 1883, 221; uJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 366).

Very closely allied to each of the two preceding - as well as to
the following genus. From Bolitobius, with which it most nearly cor-
responds in form and lenght of last Joint of maxillary palpi, it dif-
fers mainly in, that the first joint of labial palpi is proportiona-
tely thick, and longer than the second, and that elytra is unicolor-
ous. From bryochari s. which it resembles most in color and appear-

-73-

(Page 329)
ance, it differs namely in, that the antennae are rather short, eyes
flat, last joints of maxillary palpi finer and either more cylinder-
ic or more feebly tapering, and that the first joints of middle- and
hind-tarsi on ventral side is haired only, but without distinct spi-
nes. To following genus, Mycetoporus. it forms a transition, in that
the last joint of maxillary palpi is occasionally (especially in B.
crassicornis) distinctly narrower than the next-last, not however
nearly as finely or styliform as in that genus.

(Page 330)
Of the three or four species distributed in North and f/iiddle Euf
rope two are heretofore found in Denmark, a third occurs in Skaane,
which presumably may be discovered here also, and is included in the
following. They live principally on damp ground under foliage and
moss, an occasional one of them also in fungi.

Key to Species.

1. The two middle brislle-bearing punctures at the fore-margin of

pronotum, are placed far back, and farther from fore-margin

than the distance from each other. L. 5-7 mm

1 . B. cernuus Jravh .

The two middle bristle-bearing punctures at the fore-margin of
pronotum are close to the fore-margin, closer to same than
the distance from each other 2,

2. Dorsum of elytra besides the punctated stripes of suture, dorsum,

and side with several fine, here and there in feeble grooves

-74-

(Page 330)

placed, punctate rows. Head brownish-red. L. 4-6 mm

2. B. rufus Er«

Elytra between the usual three punctate rows smooth. Head

black. L. 4 mm 3. B. crasslcornls Makl.

1. B. cernuus ^iravh.

(Jravh. I^on. 31; Erichs. FCaf. UK. Br. I, 406; :;en. Spec. Spaph.
272; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 453; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 169; Rey Br^vip.
1883, 224; Sanglb. Kaf. M. II, 366).

In form, color and size much like Bryocharls anal is, but with
shorter, less robust antennae, entirely flat eyes, and feebly punct-
ated pronotum, et. al.

Black, shining; elytra and posterior margins of the abdominal joints
brownish-red or red; - occasionally the last two-three abdominal joints
or pronotum are also pitch-brown or red (v. merdarius) ; antennae are
pitch-colored, their base, mouth-parts, and legs reddish yellow.

The body is narrowly fusiform; the head thicker than in Bryocharis
analis. shiny, and the eyes, which in this species are somewhat pro-
truding, are here quite flat, and set completely in the rounding of
the head; antennae scarcely reach the posterior margin of pronotum,
and are only feebly thickened outwardly, their distal joint in c? , in
contrast to Br. analis. not longer than in Q . Pronotum is poster-
iorly as broad as elytra, anteriorly rather strongly narrowing, slight-
ly convex, scattered and particularly fine punctation, the surface
extremely finely transversally aciculated; the tv,o middle bristle-bear-
ing punctures at the anterior margin of pronotum are set far back.

-75-

.arc

19" no .

, Cj&tc

■■1 iil:

(Page 33C)
and farther from the anterior margin than their distance between
each other. Antennae 1/3 longer than pronotum, shiny and naked, and
have besides the usual three punctatea stripes (suture- dorsal- and
side-stripe) a few incomplete rows of fine punctures between suture-
and dorsal-stripe, and between this and the side-stripe; dorsal-
stripe has 5-8 punctures. Abdomen gradually tapering, with rather
robust and dense punctation, sparse yellow hair and with many out-
standing side-bristles. L. 5-7 mm.

(Page 331)

In the ^ the antennae is a little more slender than in the p t
their next-last joints hardly as broad as long, in the O distinct-
ly transverse.

On damp woodland ground, and bogs, under leaves and moss, but
very rare, and seemingly local (Ermelund, Krederiksdal , Donse, lioor
at Hillerod, and several other places in Northsjaelland) . Distributed
in the greater part of Europe.

2. B. rufus £r.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 407; ien. Spec. Staph. 273; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 454; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 169; Rey Brevip. 1883, 227;
ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 366).

Closely allied to cernuus, but lighter of color, and oftenest
smaller, also identifiable by the position of the anterior marginal
punctures of pronotum.

Light brownish-red, shining; metasternum and base of the fore-
most joints of abdomen oftenest reddish-brown or pitch-brown; anten-

-76-

-2 tt-

(Page 331)
nae brownish, their first four Jointe, mouth-parts, and legs reddish-
yellow. Occasionally the vertex and sides of elytra are dark.

The head ie smooth; eyes flat; next-last Joints of antennae dis-
tinctly transverse; the two middle bristle-bearing punctures of the
anterior margin of pronotum is set close to the anterior margin, and
*ftd much closer to this than their distance from each other, prono-
tum otherwise with scattered and .snad very fine, though distinct punct-
ation. Antennae are broader and 1/3 longer than pronotum, and has be-
sides the usual three punctated stripes (suture-, dorsal- and side-
stripes) between these several finer, irregular or here and there in
feeble grooves set/ punctate rows; dorsal stripe has 5-8 larger punct-
ures. Abdomen with very robust and rather dense punctation, short
yellow hair with outstanding side-bristles. L. 4-6 mm.

The difference between O and O is not distinct. (Kraatz, 5anglb.)
Is heretofore not found in Eenmark, but as it occurs in Skaane
(Thoms.) and also is distributed in Middle- and North Europe, it is
not improbable that it may be encountered here in this country.

3. B. crassicornis Weikl.

(Maklin Myc. Symb. 1847, 9. - castaneus Hardy et Bold, Trans.
Tynes. 1851, II, 78; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 231).

More often considerably smaller than ruf us, identified particu-
larly by black head, unpunctated pronotum, and smooth elytra! un-
punctated intervals. It is in appearance very much like Mycetoporus
punctus. from which it howevei is- easily distinguished by the larger

-77-

(Page 331)
distal Joint of maxillary palpi, *hile this is somewhat smaller and
narrower than the next-last, as well as distinctly tapering, yet not
nearly as fine as that of the following genus-
Black or brownish-black, strongly shining; head deeply black; pro-
sternimi, pronotum, and elytra yellowish-red, posterior margins of
abdominal joints translucent yellow-brownish; mouth-parts brownish;
Antennae pitch-black, their first three-four joints and legs reddish-
yellow. (Page 332)

Fusiform; head smooth and shiny with flat eyes; antennae short
and stout, shorter than head and pronotum together, from the fifth
joint strongly thickened, their fourth joint a little longer than
broad, the fifth transverse, the following middle and next-last joints
about same lenght and breadth, strongly transverse. Pronotum is po-
steriorly about as broad as elytra, a little broader than long, an-
teriorly narrowing, slightly convex, with exception of a few marginal
punctures, entirely smooth and shiny; the two middle, bristle-bear-
ing punctures at anterior margin are very close to this, much closer
than the two punctures to each other. Elytra is l/3 longer than pro-
notum, and has the usual three punctated stripes, of which the dor-
sal stripe has 4-5 rather large punctures, intervals without punct-
ation, smooth and shiny. Abdomen tapering, short and fine yellow hair,
on the anterior part of the joints rather robust and dense, on the
posterior part not punctated, and smooth. L. 4 mm.
The difference between (3^ and Q is not distinct.
A mountainous species, or particularly northern species, known

-78-

(Page 332)
from the Pyrenees, Middle iingland, Scotland, and Finland, and every-
where particularly rare. It occurs, like the other species of the
genus , quite surely under leaves and moss on damp ground, but also
in fungi. In Denmark it has recently been found in Dyrehaven near
Copenhagen (3. 10. 1S09 Fru ^est, 1 specimen in fungus).

A very closely allied species is B. rugipennis Pand. (cf. Fowler,
Col. Br. Isl. II, 209). It is of same form and size, but is somewhat
of darker color, antennae less sturdy, and the intervals between the
punctate stripes of elytra are more or less distinctly ruguloae-
punctate. The dorsum stripe has 6-8 punctures. - It is distributed
to about same extent as crassicornis. and is also found in Norway
(CI. Srill).

58, (Jenus Mycetoporus Mannh.

(Mannerh. Brach. 62; firichs. Keif. Uk. Br. I, 411; Jen. Spec.
Staph. 281; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 455; Thoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 160 and
165: Mycetoporus and Isohnosoma; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 232 and 274: I^iycetop.
and Ischnos. ; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 376).

This differs from the three preceding genera mainly by this, that
the last joint of maxillary palpi is very small, styliforra, much
finer and shorter than the next-last (Fig. 109).

The body is more or less narrowly fusiform, occasionally almost
of uniform breadth. In the majority of species the antennae do not
reach over or beyond the posterior margin of pronotum, but in a few
they are considerably longer (subgenus Isohnosoma). Head and prono-
tum naked, shiny and smooth, this one however has, besides single
bristle-bearing punctures along the margins, occasionally also dis-

-79-

(Page 332)
clform punctures on sides. Elytra, like in the three preceding genera
with punctate suture-stripe, dorsal-stripe, and side-stripe, besides
these, several species have one or more punctate rows in the inter-
vals.

Fig. 109. Maxillary palpi of Mycetoporus brunneus Marsh.

(Page 333)
The abdomen is oftenest tapering; legs slender, tibiae spiniferous,
tarsi 5-jointed, joints of fore-tarsi in 6" not dilated, hind-tarsi
long with long first joint.

The species live on damp ground under leaves and moss, some also
encountered at fungi. About a score species are distributed in middle
and North Europe, and of these, 10 is heretofore found in this coun-
try.

Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. Antennae short or rather short, and do not reach - or very little

- out over the posterior margin of pronotum: 1, subgenus

Mycetoporus s. str 2.

Antennae long and slender, considerably longer than head and pro-
notum together: 2. subgenus Ischnosoma Thorn 10.

2. Pronotum besides the ordinary marginal punctures with 1-3 punc-

tures on sides (disciform punctures) 3.

Pronotum without disciform, marginal punctures only 4.

3. Third joint of maxillary palpi rather slender, only feebly thick-

ened. Body fusiform, abdomen strongly tapering. L. 4-5.5 mm.
1 . M. punctus jy 1 1 .

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(Page 333)
Third joint of maxillary palpi rather strongly thickened to-
ward tip (Fig. 109). body of almost uniform breadth, or

abdomen only tapering posteriorly. L. 3.5-5.5 mm

2. M. brunneus Marsh.

4. Elytra with 1-2 fine punctate rows between the punctate suture-

and dorsal-stripe 5.

Elytra between the punctate suture- and dorsal-stripe without
punctures 6.

5. Elytra with 2 punctate rows between the punctate suture- and

dorsal-stripe, also with 1 punctate row between dorsal-

and side-stripe. L. 4-5.5 mm 3. M. rufescens Steph.

Elytra between suture- and dorsal-stripe with 1, abbreviated
punctate row, consisting of few punctures 6.

6. Abdomen of rather uniform breadth. Body reddish-yellow, only

vertex and base of abdominal joints occasionally dark.

L. 2.5-4 mm 4. U. debilis Makl.

Abdomen distinctly and gradually tapering 7.

7. Body black; posterior margin of elytra and often also the

suture reddish-brown. L. 3-4 mm 5. M. nanus Er.

Head and abdomen pitch-black or pitch-brown; pronotum and

elytra reddish-yellow. L. 2.5-3 mm 6. ^i. tenuis t^uls.

8. Elytra amply 1/3 longer than pronotum. Body black with red

elytra. L. 4.5-6 mm 7. Z. splendens Uarsh.

Elytra scarcely longer than pronotum. Body yellowish-red with
darker abdomen. Species smaller 9.

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(Page 333)

9. Antennae peculiarly strongly thickened outwardly, their next-

last joints more than twice as broad as long. L. 3«5 nun.

8. M. clavicornis Steph.

Antennae less strongly thickened outwardly, their next-last

joints only It times as broad as long. L. 4.5 mm

9. M. forticornis Fauv.

10. Antennae thin, only feebly thickened outwardly. Head narrow,

longer than broad. L. 3.5-5 mm... 10. M. splendidus Gravh.
Antennae more robust, distinctly thickened outwardly. Head

as broad as long. L. 4-5.5 mm 11. M. longicornis Makl.

1. Subgenus Mycetoporus s. str.

1. M. punctus Jyllh.

((Jyllh. Ins. Suae. II, 250; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I. 412; Jen.
Spec. Staph. 283; Kraatz Ins. C. It, 459; Thoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 161;
Eey Bre'vip. 1883, 245, Janglb. Keif. M. II. 370).

A fusiform, rather broad species, with strongly tapering ab-
domen, and of same size as ruf escens, as wall as by the form par-
ticularly recognizeable by the, as a rule, distinct disciform punc-
tures of pronotum, and the rather slender third joint of maxillary
palpi. (Page 334)

Yellowish-red or brownish-red, strongly shining; Head, meta-
sternum, and base of abdominal joints black or pitch-brownish; middle
of antennae dark, their base and tip, mouth-parts, and legs reddish-
yellow.

The head is smooth and shiny; Antennae not long, rather robust,

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(Page 334)
their third joint a little longer than the second, the next-last 1^
times as broad as long. Pronotum posteriorly as broad as elytra, an-
teriorly strongly narrowing, slightly convex, and has besides the
usual marginal punctures, also on each side 2, more rarely 3 fine,
as a rule distinct punctures in line with the outer bristle-bearing
puncture of the anterior margin. Elytra are 1/3 longer than pro-
notum, and has 8-10 punctures in the dorsal stripe, between this and
the suture-stripe also a feeble, often almost obliterated row of few
or more punctures (2-8). The abdomen is strongly tapering, rather
robustly, but not densely punctated, and middle of first free joint
with smooth, fine hair. L. 4-5.5 mm.

The difference between ^ and ^ in this and the following species
of the subgenus is not distinctly developed.

Distributed in North- and Middle Europe, very rare here; under
leaves, in alluvium, and at fungi (Hvorup Hills, at Kolske Dam in
Vendsyssel; Odense; at Furao. Tisvilde and several other places). -
A variety from the typical form: var. semiruf us Heer, without disc-
iform punctures on pronotum, and an other: var. Licolor r«akl., with
3 disciform puntures, are heretofore not identified here in Denmark.

2. M. brunneus Marsh.

(Marsh. Ent. Brit. 524; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 371. - lepidus Jravh.
Mon. 26; Erichs. FCaf. Mk. &r. I, 413; ^en. Spec. Staph. 284; Kraatz
Ins. D. II, 462; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 163; Eey Brevip. 1883, 252).

A rathei aarrow, uniformly broad and elongatea species, as well

as by the form is identifiable by the disciform punctures of pro-

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(Page 334)
notiun, and the rather strongly thickened third joint of maxillary
palpi (Fig. 109), otherwise in several respects, mainly though in
color, rather variable. A few varieties are occasionally recogni-
zed as individual species.

Pitch-broKvn, shining; The head oftenest black; posterior margins
of abdominal joints reddish; antennal base, mouth-parts, and legs
reddish-yellow. Fronotum and elytra, or their humeri and posterior
margin, brownish-red; the body is frequently brownish-red or yellow-
ish-red, and the head alone darker. In the var. lon^ulus Mannh. the
body is shiny black, elytra red, around scutellum and on sides ofte-
nest darker. In v. bimaculatus Boisd. — ruf icornis Kr. (Ins. D. II,
461) the head is black, pronotum blackish-brown, elytra red with an
obliterated brownish transversal spot on their posterior half-part;
antennae entirely reddish-yellow or the middle only brownish.

The thorax is naked and shiny; antennae not longer than head and
pronotum together, their third joint longer than the second, the dis-
tal joints increasingly, but not strongly transverse, the next-last
about 1^ times as broad as long. Pronotum posteriorly as broaa as elyt-

(Page 335)
ra, hardly broader than long, anteriorly narrowed, slightly convex,
the sides as a rule with three obliquely placed disciform punctures;
at times the upper of these is lacking; in v. bimaculatus only a sing-
le puncture is found on middle of side. Elytra are 1/3 longer than
pronotum, and has in the dorsal stripe 6-8 punctures, inside of these
oftenest one, or two punctures set in row; abdomen of rather uniform

-84-

(Page 335)
breadth or only tapering posteriorly, finely haired, with rather
robust and dense punctation with elongate, posteriorly inserted
punctures; middle of first free joint is smooth. L. 3.5-5.5 mm.

Distributed throughout the greater part of Europe; typical form
rather frequent here on all kinds of damp ground. Var. longulus,
which is rare, is now and then found together with the typical form;
var. bimaculatus is very rare (at Madum Lake south of Aalborg in allu-
vium). - Both varieties are connected with the typical form by in-
termediates.

3. M. rufescens Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V, 170; vJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 369. - lucidus
Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 415; ien. Spec. Staph. 286; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
45S; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 162; Eey Brevip. 1883, 243).

Fusiform, of same size as punctus and easily identified among
all our species by the punctation of elytra.

Pitch-black or pitch-brown, strongly shining; elytra and abdomen
often with a feeble bluish reflection; margins of pronotum, occasi-
onally the entire pronotum, posterior margin and humeri of elytra,
also posterior margins of the abdominal joints red-brownish; base of
antennae, mouth, and legs reddish-yellow.

Head and pronotum naked and shiny; antennae as long as head and
pronotum together, thickened outwardly, their next-last Joints trans-
verse; pronotum posteriorly as broad as elytra, anteriorly rather
strongly narrowing, slightly convex, the four bristle-bearing punc-
tures of anterior margin set far from the margin. Elytra are 1/3 lon-

-85-

(Page 335)
gar than pronotum, and besides the usual three punctate stripes, which

Individually bears many punctures (12-15), has also three other den-
sely punctate rows, of which one lies between side- and dorsal-stri-
pe, and two, somewhat irregular, between the latter and the suture-
stripe. The abdomen is strongly tapering, with rather robust, scat-
tered punctation, and finely haired. L. 4-5.5 mm.

On damp forest- or marshy ground, under leaves and moss, also
at fungi, distributed, but everywhere rare. North and Middle Europe.

4. M. debills Makl.

(Makl. i:ycetop. Symb. 1847, 14; Seidl. Faun. Bait. 1891, 411).

Narrow and rather of uniform breadth, otherwise identified by the
color, the antennal short, thickened third joint, and elytral punc-
tation. (Page 336)

Reddish-yellow, shining; head and abdomen more reddish, the ver-
tex, and base of abdominal joints occasionally darker.

Head and pronotum shiny; antennae short, scarcely thickened out-
wardly, their third joint short conical, at tip as thick as the se-
cond, both equally short, the next-last ones feebly transverse. Pro-
notum posteriorly as broad as elytra, as long as broad, anteriorly
feebly narrowing, without disciform punctures en sides; elytra are
somewhat longer than pronotum, and has in the dorsal stripe 6-7 punc-
tures, inside of this also a short row of punctures posteriorly with
few punctures (2-3); abdomen almost uniformly broad, with rather ro-
bust and dense punctation, finely haired. L. 2.5-4 mm.

■86-

(Page 336)
A single specimen of this species, which ordinarily is known
from Finland only, and which somewhat resembles a small, teneral
M. brunneus (cf. Kraatz Ins. D. II, 463 u. lepidus) , was found be-
neath moss on a heather-clothed hill near Hedegaarden south of Aal-
borg (&. 1891, Auth.).

5. M. nanus Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 415 j (Jen. Spec. Staph. 286; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 463; Rey Brevip. 1883, 256. - Baudueri Iv'.uls. et Rey Opusc. Ent.
XVI, 1872, 20C; Rey Brevip. 1883, 259; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 375).

A small, narrowly fusiform species with tapering abdomen, in con-
nection herewith mainly recognized by its color, and by the punctati-
on of elytra.

Black or pitch-black, strongly shining; the posterior margin of
elytra, and often also the suture, and the posterior margins of the
abdominal joints red-brownish; antennal base, and the legs brownish-
yellow or brownish-red; occasionally the pronotum or its margins only
are red-brownish.

The head is narrow; the antennae short, only feebly thickened
outwardly, their third joint as long as the second, but much thin-
ner, the next-last feebly transverse. Pronotum posteriorly as broad
as elytra, as long as broad, anteriorly strongly narrowing, without
disciform punctures on sides. The elytra are 1/3 longer than pro-
notum, with 7-9 punctures in the dorsal stripe, inside of this with
still another punctate row with at least 4 punctures. The abdomen
long and smoothly tapering, with rather robust and dense punctation.
L. 3-4 mm.

-87-

(Page 336)
On damp forest- or marsh -ground, but not common, in several
localitias, for Instance in northern Jutland, rare. Distributed
in Middle and North Europe, though it has heretofore not occurred
in Sweden.

6. U. tenuis Mule.

(Muls. et Rey Op. Ent. II, 67; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 464; Thorns.
Skand. Col. Ill, 163; Fey Brevip. 1883, 260. - Mulsanti Janglb. Kaf.
K. II. 375).

Narrowly fusiform like nanus, and oftenest somewhat smaller,
with with shorter pronotum and elytra, also distinguishable by the
color. (Page 337)

Reddish-yellow, shining; the head, metasternum, and abdomen, ex«
cept the posterior margins of the joints, pitch-black or pitch-brown;
the antennae oftenest entirely reddish-yellow.

The antennae are a little more robust than in nanus. their third
joint as long as the second, but thinner, the next-last distinctly
transverse; pronotum as broad as elytra, broader than long, anteri-
orly rather feebly narrowing, without disciform punctures on the si-
des; elytra only a little longer than pronotum, punctation about same
as in the preceding species; the abdomen rather feebly tapering, fine-
ly and sparsely punctated. L. 2.5-3 mm.

A single specimen of this species was found near Mariager under
heather (0. Jacobsen 8. 1884). Said to be distributed throughout the
greater part of Europe (Sanglb.); is not found in Sweden and Norway,
but in Finland and Lapland (Jrill Cat. Col.).

-88-

(Page 337)

7. M. splendens Marsh.

(Marsh. Ent. Brit. 524; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 411; Jen. Spec.
Staph. 282; Kraatz Ins- D. II, 4ec; Thorns. Skand. Col. Ill, 161; Rey
Brevip. 1883, 236; danglb. Kaf. M. II, 372).

About of same size as punctus, and like it fusiform, otherwise
easily identified by the color.

Black, strongly shining; elytra red; posterior margins of the
abdominal joints oftenest red-brownish; antennae pitch-brown, their
first three joints, mouth-parts, and legs yellowish-red; anterior
coxae, and femora of posterior legs often brownish.

The head is rounded, a little broader than long; the antennae
rather robust, their next-last joints transverse; pronotum posterior-
ly as broad as elytra, its sides without disciform punctures; elytra
amply 1/3 longer than pronotum, and with 4-9 punctures in the dorsal
stripe, without punctures between this and the suture-stripe; the ab-
domen smoothly tapering, not dense, but robust and deep punctation,
the middle of first free dorsal joint smooth. L. 4.5-6 mm.

It is found in Skaane (Thoms.), and said to be distributed through-
out the greater part of Europe (Sanglb.); heretofore not discovered
in Denmark.

8. M. clavicornis Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V, 16S; 3anglb. Kaf. M. II, 374. - pronus Erichs.
Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 414; Gen. Spec. Staph. 285; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 465
(partly); Thoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 162; Rey Brevip. 1883, 271).

Fusiform, somewhat larger and broader than nanus, distinguished,

•8S-

(Page 337)
and easily identified by the short, very robust, and outwardly strong-
ly thickened antennae.

Yellowish-red, strongly shining; posterior part of the head often,
metasternum, and abdomen, with exception of posterior margins of the
joints, always pitch-black or brown, elytra along the sides and a-
round scutellum are also often dark; antennae are pitch-colored, their
base, and the mouth-parts, also the legs reddish-yellow.

(Page 338)

Antennae are short, and almost club-formly thickened outwardly,
their third joint thinner and not longer than the second, the fourth
feebly, the fifth more strongly, the following increasingly strong-
ly transverse, so that the next-last become almost three times as
broad as long. Pronotum is posteriorly as broad as elytra, anteriorly
narrowing, without disciform punctures on sides; elytra only little,
or scarcely longer than pronotum, with 5-7 punctures in the dorsal
stripe, between this and the suture-stripe without punctures; the ab-
domen rather strongly tapering, rather strongly and densely punctate,
the surface extremely finely transversally aciculate, and like the
other species finely haired. L. 3.5 mm.

Distributed in Middle and North Europe, but here in Denmark rare
and everywhere sparse, on damp forest-and marsh-ground under leaves
and moss, also in alluvium.

9. M. forticornis Fauv.
(Fauv. Faun, gallo-rhen. Ill, 572; Rey Brevip. 1883, 26$; Janglb.

-90-

(Page 338)
Kaf. U. II, 374. - pronus var. a. Kraatz Ins. D. II, 465).

Very closely allied to clavlcornis. but larger and broader, and
with less robust antennae.

Yellowish-red, strongly shining; the sides of elytra, their base
nearest scutellum, metasternum, and abdomen, with exception of poste-
rior margins of the joints, black or pitchy-brown, the antennae dark,
their base, and the legs reddish-yellow. Seldom is the head and middle'
part of pronotum rea-brownlsh.

The antennae are longer than in clavicornis. not strongly thick-
ened outwardly, their third joint a little longer than the second,
the fourth and fifth scarcely broader than long, the next-last feeb-
ly transverse; the abdominal surface, even when strongly magnified,
entirely smooth, without transverse aciculation as in the preceding
species, for the rest somewhat more robustly punctated than in it.
L. 4.5 mm.

Of +his, in Middle Europe widely distributed, but very rare spe-
cies (ianglb>) I have found one specimen in the hills near Hvorup,
north of N. Sundby; it is found in Finland, but not in Sweden, (drill
Cat. Col.).

2. Subgenus Ischnosoma Thorns.

10. M. gplendidus Jravh.

(Sravh. Mon. 24; Erichs. Kaf. lik. Br. I, 416; Jen. Spec. Staph.
287; Kraatz Ins. D. II. 466; Thoms. Skand. Col. Ill, 165; Rey brevip.
1883, 277; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 368).

An elongate and narrowly fusiform species; in connection with the

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(Page 338)
form easily Identified by the long, outwardly very feebly thickened
antennae, and narrow head.

Reddish-yellow, strongly shining; the head or its posterior part,
and often also its sides, meso- and metathorax, . also the abdomen,
with exception of the posterior margins of the joints, pitch-black
or pitch-brown; the elytra are darker yellow than pronotum, and fre-
quently pitch-black or brown at base and along the sides; antennae
brownish, their base and tip, also the legs yellow.

(Page 339)

The head is longer than broad; the antennae considerably longer
than head and pronotum together, very feebly thickened outwardly,
their third joint almost twice as long as the second, the next-last
as long as broad. Pronotum is posteriorly a little narrower than
elytra, as long as broad, without disciform punctures on sides, to-
gether with the head specular-shiny; elytra amply 1/3 longer than
pronotum, with 5-7 punctures in the dorsal stripe, and without punc-
tures between this and suture- or side-stripe; abdomen long taper-
ing, with rather dense and fine punctation, rather fine and long hair,
with many outstanding marginal- and side-bristles. L. 3.5-5 mm.

In the o the fifth ventral abdominal joint broadly emarginate,
the posterior margin with long and yellow hair, the sixth joint with
deep incision in tip, and likewise with long yellow hair.

On damp forest- or meadow-ground under leaves and moss, or in al-
luvium; distributed in North and Middle Europe, and not rare here.

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(Page 339)

11. M. longlcornls Maikl.

(Maklln Liycetop. Symb. 12; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 467; Thorns. Skand.
Col. Ill, 166; Rey Bre'vip. 1883, 280; Jan£,-lb. Kaf. U. II, 368. -
splendldus var. 2. Ericbs. uen. Spec. Staph. 287).

Very closely allied to splendldus. of which it possibly is a va-
riety. It differs from this in the following characters:

It is ordinarily somewhat larger and broader, the color through-
out lighter, as a rule the head is entirely reddish-yellow, as broad
as long; the antennae longer and more robust, distinctly thickened
outwardly; dorsal stripe of elytra has 7-9 punctures, and the abdo-
men with very scattered punctation. L. 4-5.5 mm.

In the 6* the fifth ventral abdominal joint is slightly curved
Invars; . and the sides of the curve provides with many long, stiff,
black hairs, but its middle finely yellow-haired; the sixth joint
is emarginate, and the margin yellow-haired.

On same sort of ground as the preceding species, but much rarer
(Aalborg, Odense, Nylwbing F. several places in Sjaelland). Distri-
buted throughout the greater part of North- and Middle Europe.

-93-

(Page 340)

3. 3roup Staphyllnlni.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I. 1837, 418; Jen. Spec. Staph. 290;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 468.- Staphyllnlna and Xanthollnlna Thorns. Skand.
Col. II, 137, 183. - Staphyllniens and Xanthollnlens J»luls. et Pey
Bre'^vip. 1877, 67. - Staphylinlnae Jan^lb. Kaf. li. II, 375).

Prosternum back of fore-coxae is hidelike, '^ and its spiracula

visibly exposed; antennae 11-jointed, inserted in front of eyes at

fore-margin of the forehead.

Body elongate, toore or less slender or robust; head more often
porrect, and posteriorly nearly always constricted forming a neck;
the antennae inserted at fore-margin of forehead in front of eyes
inside of and above base of mandibles (Fig 110.et.al,)ll-jointed,
thickened outwardly or moniliform, rarely after a lon^ first joint
geniculate (Acylophorus) ; eyes occasionally very large (many species of
Quedius) , oftenest normal, rarely small; mandibles robust, pointed,
often with teeth, when at rest folded crosswise; labrum oftenest
emarginate or cleft in middle, more rarely whole; first joint of
maxillary palpi small, the two middle ones stretched, distal joint
formed differently; last joint of labial palpi feebly ax-formed (Fig. 113),

Pronotum varies in form, its overfolded side-margins either
rather horizontal (Staphylinina and Xantholinina) or pressed en-
tirely up to the dorsum (Quediina) and then entirely invisible from
the side; prosternum occasionally (Xantholinina) anteriorly expand-
ed into a movable plate, which covers the gula (gula-shield, gula-

. *)or membranous.

(Page 340)
plate), otherwise as a rule evenly truncate. Back of the fore-coxae
the sternum is hidelike, and its spiracula, when fore-coxae are
bent upward, visible, occasionally (like in .^uedius et.al.) touch-
ed, or half covered by one under the overturned side-margins of pro-
notura extending small plate, Opercwlwm (Fig. 6 and 111). Elytra of
about same lenght as metasternum, and as a rule scarcely covering
the second joint of abdomen; scutellum always visible, often punc-
tate and haired; the abdomen sometimes of almost even breadth, and
again it may be posteriorly tapering, with marginate sides; it con-
sists of 10 Joints,-^ of which the ninth (the seventh exposed) as a
rule in both sexes is divided into two styliform side-pieces, it is
more rarely undivided (like in then of several Xantholinina) .
The fore-coxae are tap- or peg-formed, and protruding, the tibiae
often spiniferous, all tarsi, except of Tanygnathus, 5-jointed, the
Joints of the fore-tarsi frequently dilated, particularly In the O •

The larvae of several hereto pertaining genera are known, for in-
stance of Heterothops, Velleius, Quedius, Greophllus. Staphylinus,
Ocypus, Philonthus, Xantholinus, Leptacinus et. al., partly discri-
bed and illustrated by J. Schi^dte.

(Page 341)

To this group, which us concerning includes about 130 species,
belong the family's largest and most robust species; they are greedy,
and distinctively predaceous animals, befitting their name of "Rove-
beetles". - The group is arranged in three divisions.

-2-
•) The author calls all segments joints, translator.

(Page 341)
Key to Divisions.

1. Prosternum anteriorly dilated with a movable plate, which covers

the gula (Fig. 121 a). The antennae inserted close to each
other, oftenest farther from the eyes than the space be-
tween the antennae 3. Xantholinlna.

Prosternum not with gula plate. Antennae inserted farther from ;
each other than from the eyes 2.

2. Side-pieces of pronotum (epipleura) strongly inflexed and deep-

ly pressed against the underside of pronotum. The head ven-
trally on each side with a ridge-formed margin, which runs
from the neck upward toward the corners of the mouth (Fig.
Ill k). The constriction of the head posteriorly rather feeb-
le, and the neck thick and short. Scutellum oftenest smooth

1. ^uediina.

The epipleura of pronotum almost horizontal. The head on ventral
side without ridge-formed margins. Ihe constriction of the
head posteriorly rather strong and oftenest forming a neck.
Scutellum always punctate and haired 2. Staphylinina.

1. Division ^uediina.
Prosternum anteriorly without gula plate. Pronotal epipleura deep-
ly incurvate and pressed against the inner side of dorsum, there-
fore not visible from the side. The head ventrally on each side with
a more or less sharp, ridge-formed margin, which run from the con-
striction upward toward the corners of the mouth. .

(Page 341)
The constricted part of the head, the neck, oftenest thick and short.
The scutellum most often smooth.

Key to ienera.

1. All tarsi 5-jolnted 2.

Middle- and hind-tarsi 4-jointed, fore-tarsi alone 5-jointed..

59. Tanygnathus Sr.

2. Antennae after the very lon^ first joint ^eniculatei the first

joint as long as the following four joints together

60. Acylophorus Nordm.

Antennae not geniculate, their first joint about as long as the
following two joints together 3.

3. Fore-tarsi narrow, their single joints not dilated. The last

joint of labial palpi triangular. axrf ormed. .. ,61. Buryporus Er.
Fore-tarsal three-four first joints more or less strongly di-
lated. Last joint of labial palpi tapering to a point.. 4.

4. Last joint of maxillary- palpi very small, much shorter and ■

finer than the next-last, subulate 62. Heterothops Steph.

Last joint of maxillary palpi as long as or longer than the

next-last 5.

5. Antennal middle and next-last joints (4-10) serrately dilated

63. Velleius Mannh.

Antennal outer joints not dilated 64. Quedius Leach.

59. Genus Tanygnathus Er.

(Erichs.Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 417; Jen. Spec. Staph. 288; Kraatz Ins.
E. II, 477; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 182; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877.
693; Gtanglb. Kaf. U. II, 379).

-4-

(Page 341)

The body is almost spool-shaped (broadly fusiform) and bears
in size and form similarity with a Tachyporus; head small, only half
as broad as pronotum, oval , (Pajce 342) posteriorly scarcely con-
stricted; antennae thin and slender; maxillary palpi unusually e-
longate, their last three joints about of same lenght, distal joint
filiformly tapering; the last joint of labial palpi shorter, and
much finer than the next-last,

Pronotum posteriorly as broad as elytra, anteriorly narrowing,
its corners rounded off, dorsum convex; elytra a little longer than
pronotum, their posterior margin inside of the outer corners dis-
tinctly undated (rounded outwardly); abdomen strongly tapering; legs
short, tibiae, particularly the middle ones finely spiniferous, fore-
tarsi 5-jointed, the others 4-jointed, the hind-tarsal first joint
about as long as the two following together, and longer than the
distal joint.

In North and Middle Europe only 1 species is found, which lives
at the edge of morasses and lakes, in water-moss, and under wet al-
luvium, often among roots of water-plants.

1. T. terminalis Er.

(Erichs. Kaif. lik. Br. I, 418; Jen. Spec. Staph. 238; Kraatz Ins.
I. II, 478; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 183; Muls. et Pey Brivip. 1877,
695; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 380).

Black, shining, finely haired; pronotum pitch-brown with light-
er margins; posterior margins of elytra, sometimes also the suture,
the abdominal tip, and posterior margins of its joints reddish, first
joint of the antennae, mouth-parts, and the legs reddish yellowish-
brown.

II I

(Page 342)

The head is without punctation, and together with pronotum
smooth, the antennal middle-and next-last joints at least twice as
long as broad; pronotum shining smooth, with two impressed punc-
tures on the disc in front of middle, and several outstanding brist-
les on the sides. Scutellum is finely punctate, rather large; elytra
with dense scabrous punctation; abdomen very finely and densely punc-
tate, color changeable, on sides and at tip endowed with numerous,
outstanding bristles. L. 4 mm.

In the O the first three joints of the fore-tarsi dilated (Kraatz,
vjaoglb. ).

It has heretofore not been discovered here; but as it occurs both
in Skaane and in North Germany, it is not improbable, that it also
might be found in suitable localities in this country, most surely
among roots of plants, and in water-moss at springs and morasses.

60. CJenus Acylophorus Nordm.

(Nordm. Symb. ad Mon. Staph. 1837; Erichs. Kaf. Kk. Br. I, 482;
Gen. et Spec. Staph. 519; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 479; Thoms. Skand. Col.
II, 181; r;.uls. et Rey Br^vip. . 1877, 667; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 380).

The body is slender-fusiform; the head small, oval, posteriorly

rather strongly constricted; temples and genea sharply marginate;

the eyes oblong and flat; the forehead near inner margin of the eye

with a large and a smaller bristle-bearing puncture; antennae rather

long and slender, only feebly thickened outwardly, after the very

(Page 545)
long, scape-formed first joint geniculate, and the genus thereby

easily identified.

-6-

(Page 343)

Pronotum is posteriorly as broad as elytra, anteriorly narrow-
ing, with rounded sides, corners, and posterior margins, its dor-
sum convex, with two pronounced punctures in front of middle, and a
large bristle-bearing puncture above the side-margin anteriorly, oth-
erwise smooth; elytra as long as pronotum, posteriorly they are to-
gether broadly obtuse-angularly undate; the abdomen smoothly taper-
ing; legs not long, the middle- and hind-tibiae spiniferous, tarsi
5-jointed, the fore-tarsal claw-joint robust, with long robust claws,
and as long as the preceding four short joints together, the other
first tarsal joints as long as the following three joints together.

To this genus belong two species, distributed in North and Middle
Europe, and both are found in this country. The^live at the edge of
lakes, moors, and morasses in wet moss, particularly Sphagnum, bet-
ween roots of water-plants and under alluvium.

Key to Species.

1. Legs black with reddish knees and tarsi. L. 6-7 mm

1. A. glaberrimus Herbst.

Legs reddish-brown. L. 7-P mm 2. A. "^a.-^enschieberi Kiesw.

1. A. glaberrimus Herbst.

(Herbst. Fuessly Arch. 1784, 5. Hft., 151; 3anglb. Kaf. M. II,
381. - glabricollis Lac. Faun. Snt. I, 396; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I,
482; CJen. Spec. Staph. 519; Kraatz Ins. D. II, Muls. et Rey Brevip.
1877, 690).

Not. unlike Euryporus picipes, but considerably smaller and more

slender, and easily identified by the antennae.

-7-

'*)or produced.

(Page 343)

Black, shiny; head and pronotum specular-shining; elytra and
the abdomen haired; posterior margin of the abdominal seventh ventral
joint in living insects a lively red, in dead ones red-brownish; base
of the first antennal Joint, as well as knees of legs, and tarsi red-
dish.

'Jith exception of the bristle-bearing punctures at inner margin
of the eye, the head is dorsally smooth, but back of eyes finely punc-
tate and finely haired, and with scattered outstanding bristles.
The strongly geniculate first antennal joint is as long as the 4 or
5 following joints together, the third shorter than the second, the
middle ones and next-last smoothly increasing, but rather feebly
transverse. Pronotum is 1/3 broader than long, rather strongly con-
vex; the large bristle-beari ng puncture of the side-margin stands
a little above the marginal ridge. Scutellum is rather densely punc-
tate, the middle impressed; elytra with dense and rather robust sca-
brose punctation; abdominal interior joints at base rather densely,
the rest sparsely punctate, the sides mainly toward tip with robust
bristle-hairs. L. 6-7 mm.

Exceptionally rare; singly at water-edges here and there in Sjal-

land (Charlottenlund, Frederiksdal , Vejlj/Bugt (bend), April to July).

Distributed in Middle Europe, but not found in Norway, Sweden, or

Finland. (Page 344)

2. A. '^agenschieberi Kiesw.

(Kiesw. Stett. Ent. Ztg. XI, 1850, 220; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 481;
Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 182; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 692; Janglb. Kaf.
M. II, 382).

(Page 344)

It differs from the preceding species, to which it is closely
allied, by the following characters:

It is oftenest somewhat larger; maxillary palpi, mouth, and legs
are reddish-brown, the third antennal Joint as long as the second;
the bristle-bearing puncture on pronotal side-margin is close to the
ridge; scutellum is flat, not impressed at middle; the abdomen with
smoother, robust punctation, often with metallic changeable coloring.
L. 7-9 mm.

Very rare in Middle Europe; here it has only been found at Lyng-
by Lake in wet alluvium (E. Wielandt, 5. 1902, 1 specimen); also found
in Skaane (C, Roth).

Both this and the preceding species, as well as Tanygnathus ter-
minalis. which all live in water moss (Sphagnum) , and among roots of
water plants, are on account of their hidden, partly under water, mo-
de of living so rarely found as the case is. The best method for ob-
taining specimens would presumably be by pulling the moss and plants
up and shake them over the sieve.

61. Jenus Euryporus Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 496; uen. Spec. Staph. 553; Kraatz Ins.
C. II, 481; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 179; Muls. et Rey BreTvip. 1877,
65S; ianglb. Kaf. U. II, 382).

Body slightly convex, posteriorly feebly tapering; head propor-
tionally small, only half as broad as pronotum, oval, posteriorly
not strongly constricted, with sharp marginate temples and genae, lar-
ge, oval, flat eyes, cleft labrum, and slender antennae, of which

(Page 344)
the first joint is rather elongate; the last Joint of maxillary
palpi is feebly tapering, distal joint of labial palpi large and
ax-formed.

Pronotum posteriorly at least as broad as elytra, anteriorly
narrowing, with s lightly rounded sides, and with rounded off poste-
rior corners, and strongly rounded posterior margin; its dorsum
convex, with several large punctures dorsally and on the sides, the
entire periphery marginated. Elytra scarcely longer than pronotum,
their posterior margin broadly undate (rounded outwardly); abdomen
posteriorly tapering a very little, its sides coarsely marginated;
legs rather short, all tibiae splniferous, tarsi 5- jointed, fore-
tarsal first joint as long as the claw-joint, and longer than the
joints between, first joint of hind-tarsi longer than the following,
fore-tarsi simple in both sexes.

To this genus only 1, in North and Middle Europe distributed

species, which lives at water-edges in wet moss, and alluvium, and

on damp forest ground under the plant cover.

(Page 345)

1. S. picipes Payk.

(Payk. Faun. Suec. Ill, 426; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 496; (Jen.
Spec. Staph. 554; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 482; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 180;
Uuls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 662; Janglb. Kaf. IvI. II, 383).

Black, head and pronotum shiny and naked; elytra and abdomen
somewhat shining ad black-haired; abdomen oftenest with metalic chan-
geable color; antennal base, and tip, also mouth, and mouth-parts
yellow-reddish; tarsi and oftenest also the tibiae, or even the

-10-

(Page 345)
knees brownish-red.

The head is shining smooth, though with three bristle-bearing
punctures along inner margin of the eye, and a few back of the eye;
first joint of the antennae as long as the two following together,
the third longer than the second, the next-last scarcely transverse.
Pronotum is posteriorly somewhat broader than elytra, with two an-
terior dorsal punctate rows with three punctures in each, outside
of these several scattered side punctures, the rest without punctures
and shiny. Scutellum is smooth; elytra oftenest a little shorter than
pronotum, with robust and dense punctation; abdomen rather robust and
densely punctate with somewhat elongate punctures. L. 9-10 mm.

In the 6 the sixth abdominal ventral joint curved inward poste-
riorly, in the ^ rounded off. Last joint of maxillary palpi is more
slender in Q than in C7 ,

Distributed throughout the country, on damp forest- or marsh-
ground, at the edge of water-holes and lakes, in moss and under fo-
liage, but rare, or very rare. The larva is found and reared by
Mr. E. Rosenberg.

62. Jenus Heterothops Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V, 1832, 256; Brichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 480; Jen.
Spec. Staph. 515; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 483; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 180;
Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 664; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 385).

Heterothops differs from the genus Quedius mainly in that, the

last joint of maxillary palpi is fine as a needlepoint, much finer

than the next-last. The body is slender and narrowly spoolsf ormed*) -

-11-

*) somewhat fusiform.

(Page 345)
head small, short oval or narrow with rather small eyes, much nar-
rower than pronotum, which at middle anteriorly bears a couple of
distinct dorsal punctures. - In the C^ the fore-tarsi are more strong-
ly dilated than in the ^ , and the sixth abdominal ventral joint with
a small angular incision in the posterior margin.

In this country 4 species are found, which are distributed in
North and Ulddle Europe; some of these live particularly on damp
ground, a fev; also occur in hollow trees, outhouses, mole-nests,
and like places.

Key to Species.

1. Head short oval or rounded with very obtuse, yet distinct

temple-corners 2.

- Head narrow oval with flat rounded off temple-corners 3.

2. Antennae not longer than head and pronotum together. Elytra

scarcely longer than pronotum. L. 4-5 mm

1. H. praevia hir. with v. nigra Kr.

(Page 346)
Antennae longer than head and pronotum together. Elytra dis-
tinctly longer than pronotum. L. 5 mm... 2. H. binotata Jravh.

3. Antennal base reddish-yellow. Posterior margin of elytra brown-

ish-red. L. 4-5 mm 3. H. disslmilis Jravh.

Antennae and elytra entirely black. L. 4 mm

4, H. quadripunctula Jravh .

•12-

(Page 346)

1. H. praevia Er.

(Brichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, ien. Spec. Staph. 516; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 484; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1877, 670; ^anglb. Kaf. M. II, 387.-
nl?ra Kraatz Berl. Ent. Ztg. 1868, 352. - nldicola Thorns. Skand. Ins.
I, 35).

Identlfiad particularly by the form of the head, and the pro-
portionately short antennae. It varies somewhat in color.

Black or pitch-black; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and abdo-
men finely haired and somewhat dull, silky shine; in the typical
form elytra are brownish with reddish posterior margin, the tip,
and posterior margin of the joints of abdomen brownish-red or brown-
ish-yellow; antennal base, mouth, anf legs orownish- or readish-
yellow; in v. nigra Kr. the elytra are black with brownish poster-
ior margin, or entirely black, antennal base, mouth, and legs brown-
ish-black or pitch-brown.

Body slender, narrowly fusiform; head short oval, with obtuse,

yet distinct temple-corners, on each side inside of the eye with a

row of four inserted punctures, otherwise smooth; antennae as long

as or a little shorter than head and pronotum together, their thira

joint oftenest a little shorter than the second, the midale ones,

and next-last, mainly 6-9, feebly transverse. Pronotum posteriorly

as broad as elytra, a little broader than long, narrowing anteriorly,

its dorsal side, except for a few bristle-bearing ponctures on the

dorsum and sides, without punctation, and with specular shine; scu-

tellum finely punctate and haired; elytra scarcely or a very little

longer than pronotum, with fine and dense punctation; abdomen taper-
ins,

-13-

Page 346)
with very fine and dense punctation. L. 4-5 mm.

It lives particularly in dark places in buildings: cellars, barns,
and outhouses, in waste, also in hollow trees, distributed, but rare.
The form nigra Kr. occurs frequently in mole's nests, bumblebee's
nests, and like places; its larva is reared by Mr. E. Rosenberg.

2. H. biaotata ^iravh.

(3ravh. Micr. 28; Brichs. Sen. Spec. Staph. 516; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 485; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 667; Sanglb. Kaf. U. II, 387).

Ordinarily a little larger than praevia, from which it otherwise
differ mainly by the longer antennae, and longer elytra.

Black; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and the abdomen finely
haired, with a rather feeble, somewhat silky shine; posterior margin
of elytra, tip of abdomen, oftenest also posterior margins of its
joints, antennal base, mouth, and the legs brownish or reddish yel-
low.

Head is of same form as that of praevia with distinct temple-
corners, and also similar punctation of pronotum. Antennae are longer

(Page 347)
than head and pronotum together, their third joint longer than or as
long as the second, the middle ones longer than broad, the next-last
not transverse. Pronotum is as long as broad, anteriorly rather
strongly narrowing; elytra oftenest distinctly longer than pronotum,
and together with scutellum, and abdomen with rather fine and dense,
somewhat more robust punctation than that of praevia. L. 5 mm.

-14-

(Page 347)

It lives mainly on the shore under sea-weed, and other alluvium,

and is probably distributed everywhere along our coasts, however

heretofore only found a few places (Frederikshavn, Thisted, Asnaes,

Refsnaes, and Tlsvilde). It is found at the Norwe^ian^ but not at the

Swedish coasts.

3. H. dlssimills Jravh.

(Gravh. Micr. 125; Erlchs. Kaif. mR. Br. I, 480; ien. Spec. Staph.
517; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 485; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 131; Muls. et Rey
BreTip.1877, 67 £; Janglb. ?;af. U. II, 388).

Identified pa.rticaiarly by the unusual narrow, oblong form of
the head, and by the short elytra.

Blacic or pitch-black; head and pronotum with specular shine;
elytra and abdomen with fine and sparse, rather long hair, glisten-
ing; pronotum often brownish; the elytral posterior margin reddish
or brownish yellow; tip of abdomen and often also posterior margins
of its joints reddish-brown; antennal base, mouth, and legs reddish-
yellow.

It is oftenest smaller and narrower than the two preceding spe-
cies. It is easily distinguished from praevia, which it most resemb-
les, but also from blnotata, in that the head is very narrowly oval
with flat rounded off, not noticeable temple-corners; antennae are
rather short, their middle and next-last Joints of even breadth, and
not broader than long; elytra are short, oftenest hardly as long as
pronotum, and as well as abdomen with rather fine and dense puncta-
tion. The abdomen not silky glistening. L. 4-4.5 mm.

On woodland ground under leaves and fagjot, at the root of old

-15-

(Page 347)

trees, also in alluvium, and occasionally in mounds with Formica

rufa. Distributed in North and Middle Europe, rare in Denmark, and

somewhat local (Lyrehaven, Killerpd, Tisvilde, Nykxibing F.,:Jedser).

4. H. ^:;uadripunctula Jravh.

(Jravh. Mon. 24; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 481; Jen. Spec. Staph.
517; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 486; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 181; Muls. et
Rey Brevip. 1877, 685; Ganglb. Kaf. K. II, 388).

Oftenest a little smaller than dissimilis and praevius v. nigra,
distinguishable by the color, and the form of the head.

Black, head and pronotum shiny, elytra and abdomen finely haired,
glistening; the antennae entirely black, legs pitch-brown or reddish-
brown.

The head is oval without indication of temple -corners; the an-
tennal third joint shorter than the second, the following of even

breadth, the next-last as long as broad; (Page 348)

elytra hardly longer than pronotum, with rather dense and robust
punctation; abdomen with fine and dense punctation. L. 4 mm.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe; not rare here in alluvium
at lakes and on damp meadow-ground; at times in very great numbers
(alluvium at Limf jorden, Aalborg 10. 1890 author).

63. Jenus Velleius iV.annh.

(Mannerh. Brach. 1830, 16; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 172; lluls. et
Rey Brevip. 1877, 464; ianglb. Kaf. I.:. II, 388).

This genus differ from Quedius mainly in that the antennal joints
from the fourth to the tenth, at the inner side are serrately dilat-
ed.

-16-

(Page 348)

The only European species of this genus, which is also found here,

lives and completes its entire development in the nast of the large

*asp Vespa crabro. which mostly occur in woodland regions, and of ten-

«8t builds in old, hollov. trees.

1. V. dilatatus Fabr.

(Fabr. Mant. Ins. I, 220; firichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 484; 3en. Spec.
Staph. 524; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 490; Thorns. Skand Col. II, 172; '.:uls.
et Rey Brevip. 1877, 466; Janglb. Kaf. li. II, 390)

Black, feeble or dull shine; elytra and abdomen with short, black
hair, pronotum and the abdomen of finely metallic and silky change-
able color; distal joint of antennae reddish-yellow.

Body large, broad and robust; the head much narrower than prono-
tum, with thick neck, especially fine and not dense punctation, the
surface extremely finely reticulate; antennae short and robust, their
middle- and next-last joints from the fourth to the tenth serrately
dilated, distal joint small. Pronotum is broader than elytra, much
broader than long, posterior margin and sides rounded so they form
one arch, dorsum convex at middle, posteriorly and at sides broadly
depressed, at middle anteriorly with few, dorsal punctures arranged
in pairs, along the margins with several bristle-bearing punctures,
the surface with especially fine, scattered punctation, and extrem-
ely finely reticulate. Elytra a little longer than pronotum, very
densely and finely punctate, dullj the abdomen tapering posteriorly,
with less dense and fine punctation than elytra. L. 15-24 mm.

In the (5* the fore-tarsi are more strongly dilated than in O ,

-17-

(Page 348)
and posterior margin of the abdominal sixth ventral Joint feebly
curved inwaj-dly.

It is distributed with the host wasp..Vespa crabro. in who's nest it
sometimes occur in considerable numbers; but as the wasp often builds
its nest inapproachably high in hollow trees, particularly oak, and.
is feared on account of its severe, poisonous stin;.:, the staphylinid
is not easily apprehended. Formerly it was here taken singly in North-
sjaelland and Lolland outside of the wasp nest or partly reared by
larva from this, fiore recently it was on one occasion taken in num-
bers in Hvedholm Dyrehave at Faaborg (Aug. 19C1, superintendent of

schools Jergensen, Odense)-(Page 349) as they^ gradually came out of

the nest, or came flying to it. - The larva lives in the wasp's nest
mainly of all sorts of waste; they winter in the nest, and in the
crumbling s of the tree, and pupate there. As mature beetle Velleius
is living of the wasp's gathered provisions, and of outflowing tree-
sap; it favours honey and sugar. It makes itself useful in the nest
by protecting it from other, dangerous parasites, namely large sco-
lopendred, which it attacks and tears to pieces with ferocious fury,
"^hen alive it smells strongly of musk.

64. lenus ^uedius Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. Ent. V. 1832, 214; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 483;
ien. Spec. Staph. 523; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 486; Kuls. et Rey Brevip.
1877, 469; :Janglb. Kaf. h. II, 391. - Thoms. Skand. Col. II: Quedius
-fMicrosaurus4-Raphirus hhv. 173, 174, 177).

A genus composed of numerous species with stretched, fusiform

body (Fig. lie). The head is rounded or ovate with thick or rather

•18-

(Page 34S)
thick and short neck, sharp and oftenest entirely marginated temples
and genae, the eyes which are placed on sides are rather large, or
very large, rarely small, labrum most often cleft. Dorsal side of
head with several rather large bristle-bearing punctures, the number
and position of which often furnish important characters of species.
The large posterior puncture on forehead is of particular importance,
it is situated between inner posterior margin of the eye and con-
striction of the neck; back of this nearest the constriction-groove
are several punctures on the vertex, farther to the side, back of the
eye are several punctures on temple, and anteriorly on forehead at
inner margin of the eye oftenest several punctures, of which the fare-
most is called first forehead puncture. Antennae not long, occasion-
nally slightly thickened outwardly, their third Joint oftenest lon-
ger than the second. Last joint of maxillary palpi smoothly taper-
ing, only a little narrower than the next-last, and distinctly longer
than this.

Fig. 110. ^uedius mesomelinus lu'arsh. a: First, b: last
large bristle-bearing puncture of the forehead, c: Vertex
punctures. 1: Dorsal punctures of pronotum. e: Side-
marginal large bristle-bearing puncture.

Pronotum is broad, often broader than elytra, with rounded, fine-
ly marginate sides and posterior margin, and strongly deflected an-
terior corners, dorsum convex, as a rule provided with three (except-
ionally with only one or four) pairs of larger punctures on the dor-
sum anteriorly, arranged behind each other in such manner that it
forms two short punctate rows, near side-margin and before middle of

-19-

(Page 349)
this, the large side-marginal bristle-bearing puncture is found, and
on the anterior side-surface often several scattered or row-formed
punctures. On ventral side of prosternum (Fig. Ill) the pronotal sharp-
ly deflected epipleura are pressed close against the dorsum, and not

visible from the side; (Page 350) ---- the spiracula are more or

less covered by a small, oftenest chitinized plate, operculum (the not
fully developed epimera), which appears from under the side-margin.
Elytra are about of same lenght as pronotum; abdomen more or less ta-
pering; the legs rath«r short, all tarsi 5-jointed, fore-tarsi more
or less dilated, middle- and hind-tibiae finely spiniferous.

In Middle Europe at least 60 species are known; about half in num-
ber of these have so far been found in Denmark. The majority of these

live on damp ground under foliage, and in alluvium, others in fungi,

*)
plant fertilizer, hollow trees and like places; a fev. species are myr-

mecophile, or live in humole-bee's and mole's nests. According to
size of eyes, and form of labrum are they divided into several sub-
genera.

Key to Subgenera and Species.
1. Eyes shorter or very little longer than temples. Labrum emargi-

nate or cleft at middle 2.

Eyes at least twice as long as temples 3.

8. Eyes very small, only half as long as the very long temples: 1.

subgenus Ediquus Muls. et Rey 5.

Eyes as long as - or very little shorter or longer than temp-
les: 2. subgenus i-^icrosaurus Thorns 6.

*\ + -20-

*;compost.

(Page 350)

3. Labrum entire, flat rounded. Body elongate, smoothly convex, and

rather even breadth: 3. subgenus Quedius s. str. Thorns 20.

Labrum cleft or emarginate at middle. Abdomen tapering 4.

4. Eyes twice as long as temples: 4. subgenus Saurldus Muls. et

Pey 22.

Eyes so large that they almost occupy the entire sides of the

head; the temples therefore very short: 5. subgenus Raphirus
Steph 31,

5. Scutellum simple punctate. L. 5 mm 1. ^. microps iravh.

Scutellum not punctate. 1. &-10 mm 2. ^. longicornis Kr.

6. Elytra with two or three longitudinal rows of larger punctures

(subgenus ^uedionuchus Sharp.) 19.

Elytra without such punctate rows 7.

7. Scutellum with scattered punctation 18.

Scutellum without punctation, smooth 8.

8. Pronotum anteriorly on each side of middle line with a punctate

row (dorsum row) consisting of three, rarely four punctures. :9.
Fronotum anteriorly at most with only two punctures in each
dorsal row, the first close to the fore margin, the other,
if it is not erased, farther back. L. 6-7 mm... 3. ^. orevis Er.
S. Pronotum with four punctures in each dorsal row. L. 7-6 mm.

14. Q. tenellus iravh .

Fig. 111. Head and prosternum of »^uediu5 mesomelinus Marsh, seen
froiL ventral side. One leg removed, k; Llargin (or ridge) of temp-
les and genae. eppl : Inflexed sidemargin of pronotum. op: Oper-
culum, stigm. Prosternal spiracle.

.21.

(Page 351)
Pronotum with three punctures in each dorsal. row 10.

10. Antennal next-last 4-5 joints at least as long as broad.

Elytra black with yellow side-margin. L. 10-12 mm

4. Q. lateralis Jravh.

Antennal next-last 4-5 joints more or less transverse 11.

11. Pronotal sides outside of the dorsal punctate row with a row

of 3-5 punctures, of which the last is set farther back
than the large, bristle-bearing puncture of side-margin. :12.
Pronotal sides outside of dorsal punctate row with only a few

punctures close to the fore-margin, of which none are as far
back as the large, bristle-bearing puncture of side-margin. :14.

12. Antennal base black. Elytra as a rule red, rarely bluish-black

or black 13.

Antennal base reddish-yellow. Elytra oftenest red, occasionally
black with reddish suture. L. 8-10 mm... 5. Q. cruentus Oliv.

13. Head outside of and a little in front of the last large punc-

ture of fore-head with one, oftenest rather large puncture
close to Inner posterior margin of the eye. L. 8-11 mm.: a.
Elytra yellowish-red: 7. j. ochripenois Men. , or bluish-black:
Qchrip. var. nigrocoeruleus Fauv.

b. Elytra brownish-red. Eyes proportionately small, shorter than
temples 8. Q. othiniensis nov. spec.

Head not with puncture between the last large puncture of fore-
head ant the eye. L. 8-10 mm 6. Q. fulgidus Fabr.

14. Antennal base and the legs black or blackish-brown 15.

•22-

(Page 351)
Antennae or their base only, also le^s reddish-yellow 17.

15. The head's large, posterior ^forehead-puncture set right in middle

between the eye and constriction-groove of the neck.
Elytra red. Posterior femora on ventral side finely spini-

ferous. L. 9-11 mm 10. ^. Previcorais Thorns.

The head's large, hindmost forehead -puncture set closer to the
eye than the constriction-groove of the neck. Elytra black
or brownish-black jg^

16. Elytra rather densely punctate. L. 9-11 mm.. 11.^. mesomelinus Marsh.
Elytra with rather scattered punctation. The species smaller.

^' '^-- "^ 12. Q. maurus Sahib.

17. Elytra pitch-black or pitch-brownish. Antennae pitch-brown

with reddish-yellow base, L. 7-9 mm 13. Q. xanthopus Er.

Elytra reddish-brown, oftenest with darker outer posterior
corners. Antennae reddish-yell cw. L. 6-3 mm

15. _j, scitus (Jravh.

18. Elytra black or pitch-black. Abdomen readish-brown. L. 8-10 mm,

£. Q. ventral is Arag .

Elytra brownish-yellow, at middle pitch-brown. Abdomen pitch-
black with margins of the Joints lighter. L. £ ram

16, Q, infuscatus Er.

19. Elytra distinctly punctate, also with three rows of rather

large punctures, L, 7-9 mm 17. ^. cinctus Payk.

Elytra without ground punctation, with only two feeble .

punctate rows, each with few punctures. L. 7-8 mm

18. Q. laevigatus Jy 1 1 h .

•)hindmost.

(Page 351)

20. Scutellum without punctation, smooth. L. 10-12 mm

19. j. fuliglnosus Sravh.

Scutellum punctate, haired 21.

21. Forehead anteriorly between eyes with a transversal row of

6-8 punctures. L. 10-12 mm 20. >j. tristis ^ravh.

Forehead anteriorly without transversal punctate row, with

only one large Lristle-bearing puncture at inner margin of
the eyes. L. 9-10 mm 21. Q. molochinus Sravh.

22. Head anteriorly on the forehead with a transversal row of

4 punctures 30.

Head anteriorly without transversal punctate rows, with only
the usual lar^e bristle-bearing punctures on each side at
inner margin of the eye 23.

23. Hind tarsal first Joint distinctly longer than claw-joint. . 24.
Hind tarsal first Joint only as long as- or shorter than the

claw-joint 25.

24. Head and pronotum black; elytra red. L. 9-10 mm.. 22. Q.picipes Mannh.
Head black, pronotum and elytra yellowish-red or brownish at

middle. L. 7-8.5 mm 23. j. nigricepts Kr.

25. Elytra with smooth surface between punctures, shining 26.

Elytral surface very finely shagreened between punctures, and

therefore of somewhat dull shine. L. 7-9 ram

24. .i. fumatus Steph.

26. Pronotum broader than elytra; these with coarse and not dense

punctation. L. 6-7 mm 25. Q. umbrinus Er.

-24-

(Page 352)
Pronotum not broader than elytra, which are rather finely punc-
tate 27.

27. Elytra distinctly a little shorter than pronotum, black or

brownish-black, suture, sides, and the distal posterior

margin reddish or brownish-yellow. L. 6-7. mm.

26. Q. limbatus Heer .

Elytra as long as pronotum 28.

28. Elytra blackish-brown or brown, only the posterior margin nar-

rowly reddish-yellow. L. 7-7.5 mm... 27. ^. maurorufus Jravh.
Elytra pitch-black or pitch-brown, with a large reddish-yellow
or reddish spot on the humerus, reddish-yellow or reddish

sides, suture, and posterior margin 2S.

2S. Antennal third Joint considerably longer than the second. L.

''-S "™ 28. Q. humeral is Steph.

Antennal third joint scarcely longer than the second. L. 6-7

°™ 29. j. obliteratus Br.

30. Elytra with rather robust and not dense punctation. Abdomen

pitch-black. L. 5-6 mm 30. Q. scintillans iravh.

Elytra with rather fine and dense punctation. Abdomen brown.

L. 5-6 mm 31. Q. lucidulus Sr.

31. Scutellum without punctation and smooth. Abdominal joints on

sides with golden-yellow hair-spots. L. 4,5-5 mm

32. .j. auricomus Klesw.

Scutellum with punctation 32.

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(Page 352)

32. Antennal third joint distinctly longer than the second; posteri-

or tarsal first joint longer than claw-joint. L. 7.5-S mm.

33. Q. rufipes Jravh.

Antennal third joint scarcely longer than the secondj posteri-
or tarsal first joint not longer than claw-joint 33.

33. Head oval. Abdomen especially fine and densely punctate. Body

fusiform. L. 5-6 mm 34. Q. picipennis Keer.

Head transversally rounded. Abdomen less densely punctate.

Body of rather even breadth. L. 4-5 mm. ..35. Q. boops Jravh.

1. Subgenus Ediquus Liuls et Rey.

1. Q. microps (Jravh.

(3ravh. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1847, 213; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 166;
Muls et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 474; GJanglb. Kaf. !.;. II, 3S6. - chrysurus
Kiesw., Kraatz Ins. L. II, 520)

One of our smaller species, identified by the very small eyes,
and simple punctation of scutellum.

Pitch-brown; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and abdomen finely
haired, shiny (or glistening); head black or pitch-black; elytra
often reddish-brownish; tip of the abdomen and the posterior mar-
gins of its joints yellow-brownish; antennae brown, base of these,
and the legs lighter, bro¥;nish-red.

Head oval; eyes vejry small; temples long and smooth; antennae
short, their next-last joint transverse, pronotum scarcely broader
than elytra, as long as broad, with two punctate rows, each with
three punctures, anteriorly on the dorsum, and with a peculiar, sil-
ky, changeable lustre, due to the extremely fine transversally-

-26-

(Page 352)
aciculate surface (background). Scutellum with a few fine punctures,
about five or six. Elytra as long as pronotum, rather fine and not
densely punctate; abdomen smoothly tapering, with fine and rather
dense punctation. L. 5 mm.

In the O^the sixth abdominal ventral joint with broad and rather
deep emargination at tip.

(Page 353)
It lives in crumbllngs of old hollow trees, often in company
with w-ith the black ant. Lasius f ulit^inosus. is distributed in Middle
and North Europe, but in this country it is rare, or very rare (Sk/r-
ping Forest south of Aalborg, Randers, Bognaes, Lyrehaven at :;o-
penhagen, and several other places).

2. Q. longicornis Kr.

^ (Kraatz Ins. D. II, 494; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 165; Muls. et Pey
Brevip.1877, 472; Janglb. Kaf. L;. II, 396).

Rather stretched, and of even breadth, identifiable especially
by the very small eyes and by the slender antennae.

Beddish-brown or pitch-brown; head and pronotum with dull shine;
elytra and the abdomen finely haired, glistening} the head pitch-
black; pronotum pitch-brown with lighter sides; elytra brownish-red;
tip of abdomen and posterior margin of its joints yellowish brownish-
red; antennae, moutlvparts, and legs reddish or yellowish brown.

Head as long as broad, with small eyes, only half as long as the
long, rather erect, finely punctate temples; antennae slender and
rather long, their middle and next-last joints as long as broad.

-27-

(Page 353)
Pronotum is broader than elytra, broader than long, anteriorly scar-
cely narrowing, depressed at sides, with rather fine dorsal- and mar-
ginal punctures, and few or no side punctures, ground-surface as well
as head finely reticulated, and therefore with dulled shine; elytra
scarcely longer than pronotum, with rather fine and dense, and some-
what more distinct punctation than the abdomen, which is of almost
even breadth. L. 9-10 mm.

In the <y the fore-tarsi ar« more strongly dilated than in the O ,
and posterior margin of- abdominal sixth ventral Joint is slightly
emarginate at middle.

Particularly in woodland regions, but rare; oftenest found in

nests of wasps and mice, also in hollow trees, under loose bark on

tree-trunks and like places, more rarely in mole's nests.

2. Subgenus Microsaurus Ihoms.

3. j. brevis Er.

(Erichs. GJen. Spec. Staph. 535; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 500; Thorns.
Skand. CJol. II, 177; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1877, 481; ianglb. Kaf.
M. II, 397).

A feebly fusiform, myrmecophil species, with only 1-2 punctures
in each of the doreal rows of pronotum, and easily identified by this.

Pitch-black, shining; elytra and pronotum finely haired; pro-
notum and the abdomen often pitch-brown; elytra, posterior margins
of the abdominal Joints, mouth, antennae, and legs brownish-red.

The head and pronotum are shiny, and except for a few, single
bristle-bearing punctures with long, bristling hairs, smooth and
naked; head rounded, with rather small eyes, and rather short an-

•28-

(Page 353)
tennae, of which the distal joint is distinctly transverse} the hind-
most bristle-bearing puncture of the forehead is set peculiarly far
back, closely in front of the head's constriction.

(Page 354)
Pronotum is broader than elytra, distinctly broader than long, with
slightly rounded sides, convex, depressed at sides, the dorsal row
with only 1-2 punctures, one at anterior margin, and an other far-
ther back in front of middle, which however occasionally is want-
ing; pronotal side-plane with only a few punctures at the margin.
Elytra is not longer than pronotum, with rather robust, but not dense
punctation; abdomen tapering, fine, and rather densely punctate.
L. 6-7 mm.

In the 6 the sixth ventral abdominal joint with obtuse angular
incision at tip, and smoothened before the incision.

It lives in the mounds with Formica rufa and with Lasius fuligi-

nosus on prey. It is treated as an enemy by the ants, which attack,

and if possible kill it; but it ordinarily manages with agility to

wind its way through the swarm of ants, and hide itself in the lose

mould of the mound. From such a hiding place it attacks, mostly at

night, single roaming ants. - It is distributed with the said bofet-

ants in North and Middle Europe, and not rare in Denmark.

4. Q. lateralis Clravh.

(iravh. Uicr. 35; Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 485; aen. Spec. Staph.
525; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 451; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 174; Uuls. et
Rey Brevip. 1877, 487; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 397).

-2S-

(Page 354)

One of our largest species, rather broad and robust, with pro-
portionately slender antennae, otherwise easily identified by the
yellow side-margin of the black elytra.

Black, head ana pronotum specular shining i elytra with dull shine,
as \*ell as the abdomen with fine, black hair, the latter often with
greatly changeable color; the defloxed side-margin ©f- elytra reddish-
yellow; posterior margins of abdominal joints occasionally brownish;
antennae brown, their first joints, and mouth-parts yellowish-red;
the legs dark-brown with somewhat lighter tibiae and tarsi.

The head rounded; the hindmost large puncture of the forehead is
placed close to posterior margin of the eye; antennal outer joints
as long as broad; pronotum broader than elytra, depressed at sides,
with three punctures in each dorsal row, and scattered punctures on
side-planes; elytra as long as pronotum, with fine and rather dense
punctation, ground-surface extremely finely shagreened, and therefore
more or less dully shining; abdomen narrowing toward the tip, punc-
tation like that of elytra. L. 10-12 mm.

In the & the abdominal fifth ventral joint with a very small,
the sixth with a deep triangular incision at tip, which is continued
forwardly by a cuneiform, smooth groove.

In Denmark not rare in the autumn, at decaying fungi; mainly in

woodland regions; distributed in Europe.

5. Q. cruentus Oliv.

(Oliv. Entom. Ill, 42; Erichs. ^len. Spec. Staph. 527; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 4S5; Thorns. Skand. Gol. IX, 162; Muls. et Rey Brrfvip. 1877,
517; Jianglb. Kaf. M. II, 399).

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(Page 354)
Closely allied to i^. ful,^ldus. identified particularly by the
position of the side-punctures of pronotum, also by the reddish-
yellow antennal base, and abdominal tip.

(Page 355)

*)

Black, shining; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and abdomen fine-
ly haired; .elytra red, more rarely black or brown with the suture
red (v. virens Fottenb.), abdominal tip broadly, and posterior mar-
gins of the other abdominal joints narrowly reddish-yellow; anten-
nae pitch-red, their base, mouth-parts, and the legs reddish-yellow
or yellowish-red.

The head is rounded; the hindmost, large bristle-bearing punc-
ture of forehead placed somewhat closer to the eye than to the con-
striction of the head. Antennae robust, their next-last five Joints
strongly transverse. Pronotum is fully as broad as elytra, and not
or only feebly depressed on sides; outside the dorsal punctate row
the sides bear a longitudinal row of three or four punctures, of
which the hindmost is placed farther back than the large bristle-
bearing puncture of the side-margin; elytra are fully as long as
pronotum, rather finely and not densely punctate; abdomen slightly
tapering, with fine and dense punctation. L. 8-10 mm.

In the 0 the abdominal sixth ventral joint smoothed and emargi-
nate.

Distributed in Europe, and not rare in our woodland regions, in
hollow trees, plant-fertilizer, and at fungi; v. virens is rare.

-31-

*)perhaps polished

(Page 355)

6. Q. fulgldus Fabr.

(Fabr. I/.ant. Ins. I, 220; Srichs. Kaf. fvik. Br. I, 486; :;en. Spec.
Staph. 525, partly; Kraatz Ins.i;. II, 492, partly; Muls. et Rey Brev-
ip. 1877, 513; ianglb. Kaf. K. II, 399. - quadrlpunctatus Thorns. Skand.
Col. IX, 159).

Among closely allied species with red elytra particularly distin-
guishable by the black base of antennae, also by the number and and
position of pronotal side-punctures.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum with specular shine; elytra
and abdomen finely haired; elytra red, very rarely black (v. depau-
peratus ^oll.) . posterior margins of abdominal next-last Joints oc-
casionally reddish-brownish; antennal first three Joints black, the
outer Joints and legs dark- or black-brownish.

The head is rounded, ground-surface with extremely fine, scat-
tered punctation, with more distinctly punctate temples; the hind-
most large bristle-bearing puncture of forehead is closer to the eye
than to the constriction of the head. The antennae are less robust
than in cruentus, and the next-last Joints not strongly transverse.
Pronotum is as broad as - or a little broader than elytra, broader
than long, slightly depressed on sides, and outside of the usual dor-
sal punctate rows with a somewhat irregular or curved punctate side-
row, consisting of 3-5 punctures, of which the hindmost is set far-
ther back than the large bristle-bearing puncture of side-margin.
Elytra are fully as long as pronotum, rather robust, but not dense-
ly punctate; abdomen taperin^^ slightly, with fine and rather dense
punctation. L. 9-12 mm.

-3 2-

(Page 355)
In the o the abdominal sixth ventral Joint smoothened and broad-
ly emarginate at tip.

In cellars, outhouses, hollow trees, and plant-fertilizer; dis-
tributed in Europe, but is rare everywhere in this country.

(Page 356)
7. Q. ochripennis Men.

(Menetrier Cat. rais. 1332, 145; f.iuls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 507;
Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 3y9. - variabilis Jyllh. Ins. Suec. II, 303. -
puncticollis Thorns. Skand Col. IX, 164).

Very closely allied to, and of appearance nearly like that of
fulgidus, from which it mainly differs by a small bristle-bearing
puncture close into the posterior margin of the eye, and by the
more unicolorous black of the abdomen.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and abdomen
finely haired; elytra yellowish-red, rarely bluish-black (var.nijro-
coeruleus Fauv. . variabilis Muls, et Key) mouth-parts, antennae, and
legs pitch-black or pitch-brown, the fore-tibiae and tarsi oftenest
reddi sh-brown.

The head is oval, or (in d^ ) raundedly transverse, larger of u
than of ^ , with extremely fine and feeble, scattered punctation, as
well as pronotum with especially fine undulated transversal acicula-
tion; temples fully as long as eyes, with a large bristle-bearing
puncture closer to the constriction of the neck than to the eye;
the hindmost large bristle-bearing puncture of the forehead is a little
closer to the eye than to the constriction of the neck, and oblique-
ly outside of this, close into the posterior margin of the eye a smal-

-53-

(Page 356)
ler, bristle-bearing puncture is found, which sometimes is very fine,
but always present however. The antennae are rather robust, their
next-last five Joints not strongly transverse. Pronotum is fully as
broad as elytra, smoothly convex with sides only slightly impressed,
and outside of dorsal punctate rows, on the side-planes with an oblique-
ly placed punctate row, consisting; of 3-4 punctures, of which the hind-
most is placed farther back than the large, bristle-bearing puncture
of the side-margin, it is sometimes indistinct. Elytra are a little
longer than pronotum, rather finely and not densely punctate; the
abdomen with very fine and feeble, rather scattered punctation. L. 8-
10 mm.

In the ^ the abdominal sixth ventral Joint's posterior margin is
at middle smoothened and rather broadly emarginate.

Distributed throughout Europe; here it is rare or very rare; it
occurs in wasp's and humblebee's nests, in hollow trees and in mole's
nests (Pestrup Forest at Aalborg, Taps at Kolding, Dyrehaven and sev-
eral other places in North-SJaelland) ; var. nlgrocoeruleus is found
here and there in N.-SJaelland in mole's nests. It is considered by
Mulsant et Eey et. al. as a distinct species.

8. Q» othinlensis nov. spec.

(Joh. Entom. Meddel. 1907, 171. - talparum Deville 1910. -
Heidenrelchi Bernh. Miinch. Koleopt. Ztg. 1910).

Very closely allied to ;<. ochripennis and like this with an al-
ways present, fine bristle-bearing puncture at inner posterior mar-
gin of the eye. The differing characters of the two species are not

-34-

(Page 356)
always distinctive, and the correct determination therefore often
difficult.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and abdomen
finely haired; elytra brownish-red, rarely as light as in ochripennis;
maxillary palpi, fore-tibiae, and tarsi as a rule reddish-brown.

(Page 357)

The body is rather elongate, and of even breadth, of more even
breadth than that of ochripennis, and form of the head less trans-
verse, sculpture, and position of the bristle-bearing punctures of
head and pronotum, mainly the same as of this, however the hindmost,
large, bristle-bearing puncture of forehead, is frequently double,
and the smaller bristle-bearing puncture at posterior margin of the
eye often particularly fine, rarely double; temples are distinctly
longer than eyes, especially in the ^ , antennae rather robust, some-
what shorter and more robust than in ochripennis, their next-last
five joints rather strongly transverse. Pronotum is posteriorly of-
tenest distinctly impressed on sides, and the form therefore less
plumply or broadly convex than that of ochripennis, the hindmost
punctures in the punctata row on the side-planes often indistinct.
Elytra is not longer than pronotum, a little shorter, and together
proportionately narrower than in ochripennis. punctation same as in
this. Abdomen rather elongated, and of more even breadth than of the
preceding species, a little more densely and sharply punctate. L. 9-
11 mm.

In the o the head is considerably broader and larger than inO t

-35-

(Page 357)
and posterior margin of abdominal sixth ventral joint smoothened and
emarginated like in ochripennis.

It lives and develops in mole's nasts, and is seemingly not rare.
After one single specimen ( O ) had first been found near Odense (6.
1899 N. P. Jorgensen) it has later been found in numbers in differ-
ent places in Nordsjaelland as well as at Silkeborgj the larva is
found in the mole's nests and reared by f;ir. S. Fosenberg. The speci-
es is presumably widely distributed in Europe, and similar to the
later described talparum Deville and Q. Heldenreichl Bernh.

9. j. ventralis Arag.

(Arag. Col. Ital. 1830; Muls. et Rey br^vip. 1877, 484; ;;anglb.
Kaf. M. II, 399. - fulgidus var. 3 Erichs. ien. Spec. Staph. 526.-
truncicola Fairm. Fn. Fr. I. 538).

A species which is easily identified by the punctation of scu-
tellum, and by the brown, seemingly teneral color of the abdomen, and
which in regard to the position of the pronotal side-punctures comes
close to fulgidus, and in the punctation of the head bears likeness
to ochripennis and othinlensis.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and abdomen
finely haired; abdomen pitchy-red, tjward the tip rust-red; outer
part of the antennae, and tarsi, often also the tibiae brownish.

The head of o transverse, that of^ more rounded, and smaller;
its po6terior(hindmost) large, puncture of the forehead is placed
almost in middle between the eye and constriction of the head, and
in front of this, closer to posterior margin of the eye an other large,
bristle-bearing puncture is found; the temples are punctate, and as

-36-

(Page 357)
well as pronotal and elytral sides beset with stiff, outstanding brist-
les; antennal outer Joints feebly transverse. Pronotum is a little
broader than ejytra, and has feebly impressed sides, outside of the
usual dorsal punctate row a somewhat irregular row with 4-5 punctures,
of which the hindmost is set farther back than the large, bristle-
bearing puncture of the side-margin; scutellum is simple, and some-
times also feebly punctate; elytra as long as pronotum, rather robust.ly,

(Page 358)
but not densely punctate, occasionally with feebly changeable color.
L. 8-10 mm.

In the <y the abdominal sixth ventral joint with deep emarginati-
on at tip.

Distributed in '.'iddle Europe and England, everywhere rare and

local. In this country it is found particularly at outflowing sap

of the alder tree, but is also found in hollow trees, and under the

bark of dead tree-trunks, and its northern boundary is seemingly here

and in Skaane. (Cyrehaven, Bognaes, Frederiksvaerk, Naestved; i^-

holt in Lolland; Py and several places).

10. ^. brevicornis Thorns.

(Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 175; Muls. et Pey Br^vip. 1877, 492; Sanglb.
Kaf. iV. II, 398.- Sppelsheimi Seidl. Fn. Bait., Ed. II, 398).

Among the closest allied species with red elytra, this species
can be identified by the position of the characteristic bristle-bear-
ing punctures of head and pronotum, and by finely spiniferous poste-
rior femora.

•37-

(Page 358)

Black, glistening; head and pronotum with specular shine; elytra
and abdomen finely haired; elytra brightly red; bace of antennae black,
their outer part and the legs brownish, femora oftenest brownish-black.

The head is transversally rounded, larger and broader in 3^ than
in Q ; the forehead's hindmost large, bristle-bearing puncture is pla-
ced in middle between the eye and constriction of head; antennae ere
short and robust, their outer joints (6-10) strongly transverse; pro-
notum broader than elytra, slightly impressed on sides, and outside
of the usual dorsal punctate rows, with only a few punctures at fore-
margin, and one large, bristle-bearing puncture near the side-margin.
Elytra are as long as pronotum, with rather fine and not dense punc-
tation; the abdomen with fine and dense punctation. Hind femora on
ventral side's inner margin with a row of fine spines, which are par-
ticularly distinct in robust C? u . L. 9-11 mm.

In the O the abdominal sixth ventral joint is emarginate at tip.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, but rare; in this country

most frequent in woodland regions, in hollow trees with bird's nests,

more rarely in cellars, barns, and outhouses.

11. Q. mesomelinus Jiarsh.

(Liarsh. Ent. Brit. 510; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 497; ^anglb.
Kaf. M. II, 400. - fulgidus var. Erichs. i>en. Spec. Staph. 526; Kraatz
Ins. D. II, 492. - temporalis Thoms. Skand. Col. IX, 161).

A rather variable species, identifiable by the color, and posi-
tion of the characteristic bristle-bearing punctures of head and pro-
notum. (Fig. 110. S. 349).

Black, glistening; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and abdomen

-36-

(Page 358)
finely haired; antennae toward the tip, and the tarsi brownish.
In the teneral animals the pronotum, often also elytra, and poste-
rior margin of abdominal joints brownish-red, antennae and legs
lighter.

The head of ^ is oval, that of :^ transverse and larger; the
forehead's hindmost large, bristle-bearing puncture is closer to the

eye than to the constriction of head; (Page 359)

the temples are sparsely punctate; antennal outer Joints not strong-
ly transverse. Pronotum is as broad as - or broader than elytra, with
more or less impression on sides, and outside of the usual dorsal
punctate rows, with only a few side-punctures close to the fore-mar-
gin, none of these are placed farther back than the large, bristle-
bearing puncture of side-margin. Klytra are somewhat longer than pro-
notum, with rather fine and dense punctation, abdomen with fine and
dense punctation, tapering posteriorly. L. 9-11 mm.

In the S* the abdominal sixth ventral Joint smoothened at tip,
feebly impressed and emarginate.

Distributed everywhere, and common here in hollow trees, plant-
fertilizer, under leaves and fagot, in outhouses, stables, bakeries,
and cellars, where the larva also often is found. One variety with
brownish elytra, and a small puncture close to the eye's posterior
margin (v. Janneri) is rare. (Aalborg in a cellar). - j« mesomelinus
is one of the most widely distributed guedid. found not only in the
entire Europe, but also in Greenland, N. America, Peru, New Zeeland,
and Australia.

-39-

Ill I

(Page 359)

12. Q. maurus Sahib.

(Sahib. Ins. Fenn. I, 317; Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 551; Janglb,
Kaf. M. II, 4C0 - fagsti Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 161; Muls. et Rey
Br^vlp. 1877, 494).

Very closely allied to mesomelinus. from which it differs by the
following characters:

As a rule it is somewhat smaller, narrower and more slender; the
color is more uniform and deeply black, only the tarsi and fore-tibiae
brownish; elytra with more scattered and robust punctation, and in
the O the abdominal sixth ventral joint is at tip more deeply emar-
ginate, also the posterior margin of fifth ventral joint is at middle
feebly emarginate and smoothened. L. 7-9 mm.

Local and rare or very rare (Silkeborg, Tisvilde, Hiller/d, vici-
nity of Copenhagen). At the first mentioned place it is more often
beaten down from the blooming hawthorn (E. Petersen), also found in
hollow trees, under leaves, and at fungi; distributed in the entire
Middle and North Europe.

13. Q. xanthopus Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I. 487; Jen. Spec. Staph. 527; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 495; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 175; I.iuls. et Hey Br^vip. 1877,
521; Jang lb. Kaf. M. II, 4C0).

From the closest allied, preceding species, it is easily divided
by its yellowish-red antennal base, and legs.

Pitch-black or pitch-brown, glistening; head and pronctum with
specular shine; elytra and the abdomen finely haired; posterior mar-
gins of abdominal joints, the brown antennal base, mouth-parts, and
legs yellowish-red. In the teneral animals pronotum and elytra are

.40-

(Page 35 S)
reddish-browni sh.

The head is short and oval; the hindmost, lar^e, bristle-bear-
ing puncture of forehead is set a little closer to the eye than to
the constriction of the head; temples are finely punctate; the an-
tennae rather slender, and their next-last joints only feebly trans-
verse; (Page 360) pronotum as

broad as elytra, somewhat narrowing anteriorly, with strongly deflect-
ed, not impressed sides, and with only 1-2 side-punctures outside of
the usual dorsal punctate row close to the fore-margin. Elytra are
fully as lon,5 as pronotum, with rather coarse and not dense puncta-
tion; the abdomen tapering toward the tip, with rather fine and den-
se punctation. L. 7-9 mm.

In the <J the ventral sixth abdominal joint smoothened and broad-
ly emarginate at tip.

Distributed in Europe and North Asia, and rather frequent here

particularly in woodland rigions, under leaves, in hollow trees, in

plant-fertilizer, ana outhouses, and like places.

14. Q. tenellus Jravh.

(iravh. Won. 54; Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. ."551; Janglb. Kaf. U.
II, 401. - poly stigma "'ankow; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 540).

In appearance, form and color most like the preceding species,
from which it however is easily separated by the number and position
of characters of head and pronotum.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum shiny; the elytra and abdo-
men finely haired; elytra black or brownish, their suture, sides and

-41-

(Page 360)
posterior margin as well as posterior margins of abdominal joints
narrowly reddish; antennae brownish, their base, mouth-parts, and
the legs rust-red, femora often brownish-red.

The head is rounded; the hindmost large, bristle-bearing punc-
ture of forehead, which sometimes is double (Janglb.)f is placed
much closer to the eye than to the constriction of head, back of this
are two or three vertex-punctures placed in a row, all punctures set
in oblique row between hindmost inner margin of eye and the constric-
tion. Antennae are short, their next-last Joints transverse. Frono-
tum is scarcely broader than long, and feebly Impressed on sides; the
dorsal rows each with four punctures, of which the hindmost is far
behind middle of pronotum, outside of dorsal row on sides anteriorly
are found two-three punctures in a row. Elytra are as long as pro-
notum, with rather dense and coarse punctation, the abdomen likewise
with dense, but finer punctation. L. 7-8 mm.

In the ^ the sixth ventral abdominal joint emarginate at tip.

It is known from Finland, Lithuania, and Germany (?) in this
country it is found at V. I'lslev, Lolland (Pastor J. Midler, 4. 9. 06
1 specimen) and at Lejre (?) in e mouse's nest (E. Bosenberg, 1 spe-
cimen) .

15. <. scitus vJravh.

(-Jravh. Uon. 50; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 487; ien. Spec. Staph.
528; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 496; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 177; Muls. et Key
Brevip. 1877. 523; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 401).

Distinguishable by the color, particularly by entirely reddish-
yellow antennae, also by incomplete marginated genae.

-42-

(Page 361)

Reddish-brown, glistening; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and
abdomen finely haired; the head and often also the middle of prono-
tum black or brownish-black; elytra brownish-red, their outer hind-
corners more or less brown; the antennae, or their base only, as well
as the legs reddish-yellow.

The head is rounded oviform; the hindmost large, bristle-bearing
puncture of the forehead is placed closer to the eye than to the con-
striction of head, and on ventral side of head the genal margin - in
contrast to all other species of this subgenus - is incomplete, only
posteriorly ic it distinct; the antennal next-last Joints rather feeb-
ly transverse. Pronotum is a little broader than elytra, not impres-
sed on sides, and outside of the usual dorsal punctate row with only
1-2 side-punctures nearest the fore-margin. Elytra is a little longer
than pronotum, with rather robust and not dense punctation; the abdo-
men smoothly tapering, with rather fine and dense punctation. L. 6-8
mm.

In the & the sixth ventral abdominal Joint is smoothened and ob-
tusely emarginated at tip.

Eistributed in North and Middle Europe, in hollow trees and under

bark, particularly on oak, also found with ants (Form, rufa) ; very rare

everywhere in Denmark. (Lindum Forest south of Hobro; CJjerup in Fyn;

Slagelse, Jaegerspris, Valsalille; V. Ulslev, Loll.; Bornholm).

16. Q. infuscatus Br.

(Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 543; iiuls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 526;
Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 401).

-43-

(Pa^e 361)

A comparatively small species, easily distinguishable by the
punctate scutellum, and by the color of elytra.

Blac'K, or pitch-black, glistening ; head and pronotum shiny;
elytra and the abdomen finely haired; pronotum sometimes brownish;
elytra brownish yellow with a broad, pitch-brown longitudinal stripe
close to the suture; posterior margins of abdominal joints, base of
the brown antennae, mouth-parts, and legs yellowish-red.

The head is short oval; its hindmost large, puncture of forehead
is a little closer to the eye than to the constriction of head; an-
tennal next-last joints are distindtly transverse; pronotum as oroad
as elytra, its sides not impressed, outside of the usual dorsal row
with a row of 2-3 punctures anteriorly. Scutellum with scattered, but
distinct punctation; elytra longer than pronotum, with rather coarse,
and not dense punctation; the abdomen tapering, with rather fine and
dense punctation. L. 5 mm.

In the o* the sixth ventral abdominal joint acutely emarginated.

Distributed in Middle Europe, everywhere extremely rare. It has
here been found at Aalborg and Kolding, in the crumblings in hollow
poplars, which were ruined by the larva of Cossus. near Odense 1 spe-
cimen on a wall.

(Page 362)
(Subgenus C^uedionuchus Sharp.)
17. Cj. cinct'is Payk.

(Payk. Mon. Car. App. 137; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 532; ^anglb.

Kaf. M. II, 4C2. - impressus Panz. Faun. ierm. 36, 21; Erichs. Kaf.

'/.k. Br. I, 489; .>en. Spec. Staph. 530; Kraatz Ins. C II, 499; Thorns.
Skand. Col. II, 174).

-44-

(Page 362)

Easily Identified by tne punctate rows of elytra.

Black, strongly glistening; head aad pronotum with specular shine;
elytra almost naked, abdomen finely haired; elytra of the imago are
black, often with feeble greenish reflection, their suture, sides,
and posterior margin reddish yellow, - in the teneral specimens the
elytra is out-spread brownish; posterior margins of the abdominal
joints are oftenest translucent reddish; legs brownish with darker
femora.

The head is rounded; the hindmost large bristle-bearing puncture
of forehead nearer to the eye than to the constriction of head; an-
tennal outer Joints are feebly transverse; pronotum scarcely as broad
as elytra, slightly narrowing anteriorly, with 2-3 punctures in a row
outside the usual dorsal punctate row; elytra S'Omewktal longer than pro-
notum, background with scattered, very fine and feeble punctation, and
with three rows of large punctures on the dorsum, of which the middle
one oftenest has 5, the inner along suture 6, and the outmost from the
humerus downward 8 punctures; the abdomen, which oftenest is of me-
tallic changeable color, is smoothly tapering, with rather fine and
scattered punctation. L. 7-9 mm.

In the cy the hind femora finely spiniferous on ventral side, and
the sixth ventral abdominal joint broadly emarginate at tip.

Distributed in Europe, and is in this country, mostly in woodland
regions, common at fungi, rotten plant-matter, and under foliage.

18. ■^. laevigatus Gyllh.

(5yllh. Ins. Suec. II, 306; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 488: 5sn. 3pec.

-45-

(Page 362)

Staph. 529; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 497; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 176; Muls.
et Rey Br^vip. 52ti Janglb. Kaf. IvI. II, 402).

Flat and of rather even breadth; black, somewhat greasily shining;
elytra, posterior margins of abdominal Joints, antennal base, mouth-
parts, and legs reddish or brownish yellow.

Head rounded; antennal next-last joints strongly transverse, pro-
notum at least as broad as elytra, ground surface of brown changeable
color, outside of the dorsal punctate rows with only a single punc-
ture near fore-margin; elytra longer than pronotum, naked, with two
feeble punctate rows, one along the suture, an other at middle, and
with 4-5 fine punctures in each, otherwise without punctation, but
the surface is extremely finely shagreened, and due to this with some-
what dull shine; abdomen of somewhat even breadth, with fine and spar-
se punctation; hind-femora in both sexes with strongly spiniferous ven-
tral side. L. 7-6 mm. (Page 363)

In theo^ the fore-tarsi are more strongly dilated than in the O ;
the sixth ventral abdominal joint is feebly emarginate (Janglb.).

Distributed throughout twiddle and North iiurope, in Skaane it is
common under bark of dead pinaceous trees (Thorns.). In this country
it has heretofore not been found, but might possibly be encounter-
ed, most probably in Bornholm.

3. Subgenus v^uedlus s. str. Thoms.
19. j. fuli^inosus Jravh.

(Oravh. Wicr. 34; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br.. I, 490; CJen. Spec. Staph.
537; Kraatz Ins. C. II, 503; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 173; Muls et Rey
Br^vip. 1877, 542; ianglb. Kaf. :.!. II, 403. - tristis Syllh. Ins Suec.
n. 3C1).

-46-

(Page 363)

One of our largest species, smoothly convex, and of rather even
breadth, and like the two following with undivided, rounded labrum;
In relation to these particularly identifiable by the scutellum which
is smooth without punctation.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and the ab-
domen with fine black hair; antennae and mouth-parts rust-red, the
first three antennal Joints often black on dorsal side; legs pitch-
black with brownish-red tarsi.

The head is broadly oval; labrum entire with rounded fore-margin,
the forehead anteriorly with two or three punctures on each side, so
that they form a transversal row of 4-6 punctures across the forehead,
the outmost of these punctures at inner margin of eye, is the fore-
most large bristle-bearing puncture of the forehead, occasionally this
alone is found. The eyes are very large, three times as long as the
temples, convex; antennae rather slender, their next-last joints hard-
ly as broad as long. Pronotum is posteriorly fully as broad as elytra,
outside of the usual dorsal punctate row with 2-3 rowed punctures on
the sides anteriorly; scutellum is without punctation and smooth; the
elytra scarcely longer than pronotum, with rather robust and very ,
dense, slightly scabrous punctation, with modulated shine; abdomen
with dense and rather fine punctation, often of metallic changeable
color. L. 10-12 mm

In the (3* the fifth ventral abdominal ^oint feebly, the sixth deep-
ly emarginated, and in front of the emargination smoothed.

Distributed in Europe on damp ground, and here it is rather com-
mon everywhere.

-47-

(Page 363)

80. Q. tristlB Jravh.

(Jravh. HSicr. 34; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 502; Muls. et Rey Br^vip.
1877, 544; Jan^'lb. Kaf. M. II, 403. - frontalis lirichs. Jen. Spec.
Staph. 536).

Very closely allied to full^inosus. from which it however is
easily separated by the following details*

The transversal punctate row of forehead, which by an interval
is divided into two even parts, contains 6-8 punctures, of which the
next-outmost on each side is oftenest placed a little before the
others; the eyes are more flat than in fuliginosus and hardly as large;
antennae more slender, their next-last joints, particularly in the C^ ,
very distinctly longer than broad; pronotum proportionally longer, and
oftenest with three side-punctures, arranged in one, with the dorsal

rov. parallel row; (Page 364) scutellum is

distinctly punctate and haired; elytra and abdomen somewhat finer and
still denser punctated than of the preceding species. - Elytra are
sometimes brownish, antennae and legs rust-red. L. 10-12 ram.

Distributed in Middle Europe and England, but not found in Swe-
den, Finland or Norway; in Denmark it is found here and there on san-
dy shores under alluvium, more rarely on woodland ground (Esbjerg, Tis-
vilde, several places on the coasts of Bornholm; Katholm Forest at
Vejle).

21. Q. molochinus ^ravh.

(iravh. Uon. 46; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 489; ien. Spec. Staph.
535; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 500; Thorns. Skand. Gol. II, 173; :.:uls. et Fey
Br«^vip. 1877, 548; (Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 403).

-48-

(Page 364)
From both the preceding species, to which it as a whole is very
closely allied, it is separated namely by, that the elytra as a ru-
le are reddish-brown, rarely black or yellowish-red; that the fore-
head anteriorly is without transverse punctate rows, with only the u-
sual large bristle-bearing puncture in at margin of the eye, and
that elytra are distinctly shorter than pronotum. From fulginosus
particularly it furthermore deviates in that the eyes are smaller, on-
ly twice as long as the temples, and that the scutellum is punctate
and haired like that of tristis. L. 9-10 mm.

In the & the sixth ventral abdominal joint with deep emargination,
the fifth less deep, both of these as well as the third and fourth
at middle posteriorly smoothened.

Distributed in Europe, North Asia and North America, on damp -ground,
and everywhere, also in this country, rather common. The variety with
black elytra is found in Ermelunden, and Puderhegn north of Copenha-
gen; an other var. , with yellowish-red elytra at Aalbor^, at the gulf.
4. Subgenus Sauridus Muls. et P.ey.
28. 3. plcipes It'.annh.

(Mannerh. Brach. 26; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. br. I, 491; Sen. Spec. Staph.
537; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 5C6; Thoms. Skand. Col. IX, 172; I.-uls. et Bey
Br^vip. 1877, 56C ; Gtanglb. Kaf. li. II, 404).

Within the subgenus easily distinguished by the color of elytra,
and by the proportionately long first Joint of the hind tarsi.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum specularly shining; elytra
and abdomen finely haired; elytra vividly brownish-red; antennae and
legs yellowish-red.

-49-

(Page 364)

the head is proportionally large, rounded oval, with labrum cleft
at middle; antennae slender, their next-last Joints longer than broad;
eyes twice as long as temples; pronotum posteriorly as broad as elytra,
anteriorly with the usual dorsal punctures, and a few scattered side-
punctures, sides not impressed; elytra as long as pronotum, with den-
se and robust punctation; abdomen tapering, of strong metallic, chan-
geable color, (page 365) with fine and

dense punctation; first joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than the
claw-joint, as long as the second and third joint together. L. S-10 mm.

In the (5^ the fifth and sixth ventral abdominal joints slightly
emarginate.

Distributed and not rare, mainly under leaves on half-damp wood-
land ground. North and Middle Europe.

23. ^. nlgriceps Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. B. II, 510; Thoms. Skand. Gol. IX, 16S; Muls. et Key
Brevip. 1877, 563; Janglb. Kaf. K. II, 407. - ruficollis Steph. 111.
Brit. V, S44).

Recognizable by the color, and by the proportionately long first
joint of the hind tarsi.

-/listening; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and the abdomen hair-
ed; the head black; pronotum entirely yellowish-red or brownish at mid-
dle; elytra yellowish-red or brownish with lighter margins; abdomen
brown or black, posterior margins of joints reddish-yellow; antennae,
mouth-parts, and legs reddish yellow.

The head is rounded, oval with labrum cleft at middle; eyes twice

■50-

(Page 365)
as long as temples, which are finely and densely punctate; antennae
slender, their next-last joints as long as broad; pronotum posteri-
orly as broad as elytra, as long as broad; elytra hardly longer than
pronotum, with dense an rather fine punctation; abdomen tapering, of-
tenest of strongly metallic changeable color, with somewhat finer,
but particularly posteriorly, hardly as dense punctation as elytra;
first joints of hind tarsi noticeably longer than the claw-joint, as
long as the three middle joints together. L. 7-8. fj mm.

The joints of fore-tarsi of the o^more strongly dilated than of O ;
sixth ventral abdominal joint is at tip smoothened and slightly emar-
ginate.

Cistributed, but rather rare; mostly on high woodland ground, un-
der leaves, and lichen. North and Middle Europe.

24. Q. fumatus Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V. 24£>; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 406. - peltatus
Erichs. 'ien. Spec. Staph. 540; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 507; Thorns. Skand.
Col. IX, 169; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 571).

A fusiform, rather flat species, distinguished by, and easily re-
cognized by the finely shagreened, dully shining elytra.

Black, or pitch-black; head and pronotum shiny; elytra feebly, ab-
domen strongly glistening, both finely haired; elytral and pronotral
sides brown; antennae, mouth-parts, and legs brown- or yellow-red, the
hindmost tibiae metallic-shining.

The head rounded, proportionally small; eyes rather convex, twice
as long as the temples; antennae slender, their middle joints distinct-
ly, the next-last joints but very little longer than broad; pronotum

-51-

(Paje 365)
broader than long, about as broad as the elytraj these distinctly lon-
ger than pronotum, (Page 366) somewhat flat, with

fine and rather dense punctation, besides this the background surface
is very finely shagreened, and therefore somewhat dull; abdomen strong-
ly tapering, strongly metallic-changeable color, with rather fine and
not dense punctation; first joint of hind tarsi shorter, than the claw-
joint. L. 7-9 mm.

In the <y the fore-tarsi are more strongly dilated than in the O ;
the fifth ventral abdominal Joint with feeble, the sixth with deeper
angular emargination, in front of emargination smoothed.

Not rare under leaves on damp woodland ground, and at the edge of

water in alluvium. North and Middle Europe.

25. Q. umbrinus Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 491; ^ien. Spec. Staph. 541; Kraatz Ins.
B. II, 509; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 178; I'uls. et Eey Brevip. 1877,
586, ianglb. Kaf. M. 406. - maurorufus iyll. Ins. Suec. II, 309).

Identified by the coarsely punctated, comparatively short elytra,
and a broader pronotum.

Black or pitch-brown, glistening; head and pronotum shiny; ely-
tra and abdomen finely haired; outmost post'^rior margin of elytra
brownish-red; antennae, ciouth-parts, and legs darkly brown, knees
and tarsi oftenest brownish-red.

Head rounded, posteriorly rather strongly constricted; eyes con-
vex, amply twice as long as the temples, these rather densely punc-
tate; next-last antennal joint at least as broad as long, pronotum

-52-

(Page 366)
as broad as long, and at middle f'llly as broad as elytra, with distinct,
not Entirely rounded off posterior corners; elytra distinctly a litt-
le shorter than pronotum, with remarkable coarse, and not dense punc-
tatlon; abdomen tapering, with more or less metallic changeable color,
rather fine and not dense punctation; first joint of hind tarsi about
as long as the claw-joint. L. 6-7 mm.

In the o the fore-tarsi are more strongly dilated than in the O ,
and sixth ventral abdominal joint sharply emarginated at tip.

Distributed on damp ground, at lake shores often numerous in allu-
vium. North and Middle Europe.

26. X. limbatus Heer.

(Heer Mitth. I, 74; I.-uls. et Fey Br^vip. 1877, 591; Janglb. Kaf.
K. II, 407. - maurorufus Erichs. C>en. Spec. Staph. 542; Kraatz Ins.
L. II, 512; Thorns. Skand. Ool. II. 178).

A rather narrow and slender species, in which the main character
is comparatively short elytra.

Black or blackish-brown, glistening; head and pronotum shiny; the
elytra and abdomen finely haired; pronotum often brown or reddish-brown
with lighter sides; elytral suture narrowly reddish, the corners of
humeri, and sides, also the distal posterior margin reddish or brovin-
ish yellow; posterior margins of abdominal joints often brownish yel-
lo\s; antennae, mouth-parts, and legs reddish yellow.

(Page 367)

Head rounded; antennae rather slender, their third joint consider-
ably longer than the second, the next-last feebly transverse (o) or
as long as broad (o) ; pronotum as long as broad, and as broad as elytra;

(Page 367)
these distinctly a little shorter than pronotum, and not longer than
their breadth together, with rather fine and dense punctation; abdom-
en tapering, with more or less metallic changeable color, finely and
rather densely punctated; first joint of hind tarsi hardly as long
as the claw-joint. L. 6-7 mm.

In the ^ the fore-tarsi is more strongly dilated than in the O ,
and sixth ventral abdominal joint etaarglnate at.tip.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, on damp ground; rare in

many places, rather common here, as well as in Skaane (Thorns.). -(See

remarks to following species).

27. Q. maurorufus iJravh.

(Sravh. I-ion. EC; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 600; ^anglb. Kaf. l{.
II, 408. - modestus Kraatz Ins. D. II, 509; Thorns. Skand. Col. X, 316).

Body dark-brown, in the teneral animals lighter; head and prono-
tum shiny; elytra and abdomen finely haired, somewhat glistening; the
head black; pronotum pitch-brown with reddish-brown sides or entirely
reddish-brown; elytra unicolorous brown or brownish-black, or their
posterior margin alone narrowly reddish-yellow; posterior margins of
abdominal joints reddish; the antennae oftenest brownish; their base,
mouth-parts, and legs reddish-yellow.

Head, antennae, and pronotum like in the preceding species; elytra
a little longer than in this, as long as pronotum, with very dense
and rather fine, somewhat rough punctation; abdomen tapering, of more
or less metallic changeable color, anteriorly with rather dense and
fine, posteriorly more scattered punctation. L. 6-7 mm.

-54-

(Pa-e 367)

In the O^ the fore-tarsi are more strongly dilated than in the Q ,
and the sixth ventral abdominal Joint emarginate- at. tip.

Distributed in Middle Europe; also found in Skaane (Thorns.), but
heretofore not with certainty denoted here. However a couple of spe-
cimens in my collection, found in Ski^rping. Holme south of Aalborg un-
der very damp foliage (10.1895. auth.) are seemingly this species.
They resemble llmbatus Heer (maurorufus Er.) but their elytra are a
little longer, somewhat broader, and unicolorous brown. No other dis-
tinct difference have I found. Furthermore it must be considered that
maurorufus iravh. and maurorufus Er. ( llmbatus Heer) are often treat-
ed as synonyms (Seidlitz Faun. Bait. Bd. II, 397; jfr. f.:einert Fort.
0, Eanm. Rovb. Ent. Meda. 1887-88, 259) and seemingly difficult to
separate. (Page 368)

28. ij. humeralis Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V, 220; ;;anglb. Kaf. M. II, 407. - suturalis
Kiesw. Stett. Ent. Ztg. VI, 1845, 225; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 511; Muls.
et Key Br^vip. 1877, 538. - marginal is Ihoms. Skand. Col. IX, 171).

A somewhat flat, narrowly fusiform species, identified mainly by
the color and punctation of the elytra.

Black or pitch-brown, glistening; head and pronotum shiny ; .elytra
and abdomen finely haired; pronotum or sometimes its sides only are
often reddish-brown; elytra pitch-black or brownish, a large spot on
humerus, sides, posterior margin, and oftenest also the suture brown-
ish-yellow; abdomen pitch-black or brownish-red with lighter margins
of joints; antennae, mouth-parts, and legs reddish-yellow.

■55-

(Page 368)

Head rounded; the third Joint of the antennae distinctly lon^jer
than the second, the next-last, mainly in (5^ , as long as broad; pro-
notum scarcely narrower than elytra, but noticeably, not entirely
rounded off hind corners; elytra as long as pronotum, somewhat flat,
rather robust, but not dense punctation; abdomen smoothly tapering,
with fine and scattered punctation, more or less metallic changeable
color; first joint of hind tarsi shorter than the last. L. 7-8 mm.

In the O the fore tarsi are strongly dilated, and sixth ventral
abdominal joint with angular emargination at tip.

On damp woodland ground, at forest pools and like places under

leaves; rare. (North-sjaelland, Sor^; Faaborg; Trelde Forest, Panders

and other places). North and Middle Europe.

29. ■^. obliteratus Sr.

(Erichs. Gen. Spec. Staph. 54&; l:u1s et Rey Brevip.1877, 5S7;
Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 4C6. - marginalia Kraatz Ins. Z. II, 512. -suturalis
Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 170).

r'rom the closest prec.iding species, and namely from humeralis,
which it is most like, it mainly differs (according to Kraatz and
Ganglb.) by the following details;

Elytra at middle, nearest the suture, with a broad, pitch-black
longitudinal stripe, elsewhere brownish-yellow or reddish, sometimes
entirely reddish. The body is rather fusiform, the head is smaller,
and narrower than in the nearest preceding species, and the eyes less
protruding; the antennae shorter, their third joint hardly longer
than the second; pronotum is anteriorly distinctly narrowing; elytra

-56-

(Page 368)

and the abdomen with finer and more dense punctation than in humera-

lis. L. 6-7 mm.

Distributed in Middle Europe and also found in Skaane (Thorns. )i

it is therefore not improbable that it also may be found within the

sphere of our fauna, most likely in Bornholm.

(Page 36S)

30. Q. sclntillans uravh.

(iravh. Uon. 70; Erichs. Kaf. V.k. Br. I, 494; lien. Spec. Staph.
545; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 519; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 178; Muls. et Fey
Bre'vip. 1877, 612; ^anglb. Kaf. i:. II, 409).

Within the subgenus easily identified by the punctation of the
head, and by the ore- or bronze-lustre.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum black, ore or darkish-bronze colored,
with specular shine; elytra and abdomen with fine golden hair; elytra
brown with metallic lustre; abdomen pitch-black or black-brown, metal-
lic changeable color, posterior margins of its Joints often red- or
yellow-brownish; the antennae pitch-black, their base, mouth-parts,
and legs brownish yellow, tibiae oftenest blackish.

The head is rounded, and has across the forehead anteriorly a row
of four punctures, of which the outer one on each side of inner margin
of eye, forms the usual, foremost large bristle-bearing puncture of
the forehead; the antennae rather short, their next-last joints feeb-
ly transverse; pronotum posteriorly as broad as elytra, slightly nar-
rowing anteriorly; elytra a little longer than pronotum, with rather
robust and not dense punctation; abdomen smoothly tapering, with dense

-57-

(Page 369)
and very fine punctation, with hair which is longer and denser at
sides than at middle; fore-tarsi in both sexes strongly dilated.
L> 5-6 nun*

In the <? the sixth ventral abdomigal joint smoothed and feebly
emarginate^-at. tip.

Local, as a whole rare; most frequent in forest regions under

leaves and fagot, also in waste at hay and straw stacks. North and

Kiddle Europe.

31. j. lucudulus Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. 5r. I. 4S5; zcn. Spec. Staph. 550; F^raatz Ins.
E. II, 520; !.;uls. et Key Brevip. 1877, 609; Gtanglb. Kaf. lA. II, 409).

From scintillans, which it (ace. to Kraatz and others.) very great-
ly resembles, it differs mainly in that, the head, pronotum, and scu-
tellum are greenish bronze-colored, the elytra yellowish-brown with
greenish bronze-lustre, abdomen brownish-red or brownish-yellow with
a darker middle-stripe, that pronotum anteriorly is more narrowing,
elytra a little longer and distinctly with finer and denser puncta-
tion. L. 5-6 mm

As it is found in North Germany, it is not improbable that it al-
so may be found in this country.

5. Subgenus F.aphlrus Muls. et Pey.
32. ^. auricomus Kiesw.

(Kiesw. Stett. Ent. Ztg. XI, 185C, 22C ; Kraatz Ins. D. II, ECl
Note; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 621; ianglb. Kaf. K. II, 41C).

A rather small species of even breadth, remarkable by especial
large eyes, and the peculiar abdominal hair-clothing.

(Page 370)

Black, glistening; head, pronotum, and scutellum specularly shi-
ning with darkish or greenish metallic reflection; elytra greenish
bronze-colored, with rough golden hair; abdomen with metallic change-
able color, the base and sides of joints v/ith spots of golden shiny
hair, the rest of the abdomen with fine black hair; antennae, mouth-
parts, and legs reddish-yellow.

The head is about as broad as pronotum, rounded; eyes convex, and
so large that they almost fill the entire sides of the head; the an-
tennae are short; pronotum as broad as elytra, anterior part of pro-
notum somewhat constricted^ and somewhat convex on dorsum; elyxra as
long as pronotum, with rather coarse and not dense punctation; abdo-
men with fine, scattered punctation, feebly tapering; fore-tarsi in
both sexes strongly dilated. I. 4.5-F- mm.

In the ^the sixth ventral abdominal Joint smoothed at tip and
with deep angular emarginatin.

Distributed especially in '^est Surope. It lives in the wet moss

at flowing springs and waterfalls. In this country it has heretofore

been found only in the northern part of Jutland, in the spring -moss

in •Ravn-Spring* at Paebild Hills, SkOrping, where it several times

has been taken in numbers (auth. et. al.).

33. cj. rufipes ^ravh.

(xravh. Micr. 171; Srichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 543; Liuls. et Fey
Brevip, 1877, 625; ."Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 410. - semiobscurus Marsh.
Ent. orit. 512).

Considerably larger than the two following species, and is recog-

_5c_

(Page 270)
nized by the punctate scutellum, and mainly also by the comparative-
ly long third joints of the antennae.

Fusiform, black; head and pronotum with specular shine; elytra
black or blackish-brown, very finely haired, feebly glistening; ab-
domen of metallic changeable coloring, with very fine grayish-black
hair; antennae, mouth-parts, and legs reddish-yellow.

The head is oval, with very large eyes and very short temples;
labrum at middle with feeble emargination; antennae rather slender,
their third Joint considerably longer than the second; pronotum po-
steriorly as broad as elytra, forwardly rather strongly narrowing;
elytra as long as pronotum, and together with scutellum and the smooth-
ly tapering abdomen with particularly fine and dense punctation. The
first joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than the claw-joint. L.
7-9 mm.

Distributed in "^est and Middle Europe. It is here very rare and

local (Hvedholm Lyrehave, Kaaborg, under foliage, superintendent of

schools Jorgensen 8. 1900, a few specimens; ".'. Ulslev, Loll., Pastor

J. M>)ller 5. 1911).

34. Q. picipennis Heer.

(Heer Faun. Helv. I, 279; Janglb. Kaf. K. II, 411. - attenuatus
iyllh. Ins. Suec. II, 311; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Er. I, 493; ien. Spec.
Staph. 546; Kraatz Ins. :::. II, 515; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 179; Muls.
et Rey Erevip. 1877, 642).

A somewhat fusiform species with oval head and especially fine and
dense punctation, feebly or dully shining abdomen.

•60-

(Page 371)

Black; head and pronotum shiny, most often with feeble metallic
reflection; elytra and abdomen finely and densely haired; elytra pitch-
brown v<ith feeble bronze-lustre, lighter toward the posterior margin;
antennae, mouth-parts, and legs reddish yellow; hind femora and hind
tibiae sometimes dark.

Head oval, with large eyes and very short temples; the antennal
third joint only a little longer than the second; pronotum posterior-
ly as broad as elytra, narrowing anteriorly; elytra as long as prono-
tum, as well as scutellum with very fine and dense punctation; abdomen
tapering, with especially fine and dense punctation, dully shining,
often of feeble metallic changeable color. First Joint of hind tarsi
as long as the claw-joint. L. 5-6 mm.

In the <y the fore-tarsi are more strongly dilated than in the j^ .

Distributed, but rare or very rare; on sandy seashores (Halk Strand,

Samso, Boto, i'ano, and several other places) also on dry forest ground

(Frederiksdal , iribskov, and several places). North and Middle iurope.

35. V . b 0 0 p s iravh.

(3ravh. Uicr. 21; Erichs. Kaf. L^k. br. I, 494; Jen. Spec. Staph.
548; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 516; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 179; t'uls. et Rey
Bre'vip. 1877, 651; 3anglb. Kaf. V.. II, 412).

Narrower, of more even breadth, and most often smaller than the
preceding species, with more rounded, proportionately broader head,
and less densely punctated abdomen.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum shiny; elytra and the abdo-
men finely haired; the elytra often brownish; antennae, mouth-parts,

-61-

(Page 371)
and le^s reddish yellow, the hindmost tibiae sometimes dark.

The head is broadly rounded, very little narrower than pronotum,
with very larjje, convex eyes, which almost entirely fill the sides of
head J the third antennal joint scarcely longer than the second; pro-
notum posteriorly as broad as the elytra, scarcely narrowing anteri-
orly; elytra as long as pronotum, occasionally a little shorter (v.
falliciosus Kr.), together with the scutellum finely and densely punc-
tated, but less fine and dense than in picipennis; abdomen tapering
posteriorly, with dense and very fine punctation, though less dense
than in the preceding species. First Joint of hind tarsj is a little
shorter than the claw-joint. L. 4-5 mm.

In the <T the fore-tarsi more strongly dilated than in the O ,
and the sixth ventral abdominal joint is angularly emarginate at tip.

Distributed in Europe, and everywhere in Denmark common, as well
in fiirests as on field-, marsh- and heather-ground under the plant-
cover.

2. Division Staphylinina.

Presternum anteriorly v.ithout gular plate. The inflected sides
of pronotum horizontal. As a rule the head is posteriorly with strong-
ly neck-formed constriction, its sidesventrally without ridge-formed
margin. Antennae inserted farther from eacn ottier than from the eyes.
Scutellum punctate and naired.

(Page 372)
Key to Grenera.
1. ihe tongue emarginate or cleft at tip. Fore-tibiae coarse, thick-

-62-

(Page 372)
ened toward tip. The neck-part of the head punctate, often
densely haired. Pronotum at middle without punctate rows,

either with punctation all over or smooth at middle 2.

The tongue not emarginate or cleft. Fore-tibiae narrow. Neck-
part of the heaa not punctate. Pronotum as a rule shiny,
with two longitudinal rov.s of punctures at middle, and a
few scattered punctures on sides, more rarely either with-
out punctate rows at middle, or densely punctate, and with
a smooth middle line 5,

2. Middle-coxae peculiarly broadly separated. Antennae short, hard-

ly longer than the head, their 5-6 joints aomewhat ciub-form-

edly thickened 3,

Middle -coxae either contiguous or not very broadly separated.

Antennae much longer than head, not club-formedly thickened. .4.

3. Head and pronotum at middle shiny and naked, rough-haired at

sides 65. Creophilus Mannh.

Head and pronotum as well as the rest of the body furred ...

66. Emus Curt.

4. Pronotal fore-corners acutely protruding*. .. 67. Ontholestes ianglb.
Pronotal fore-corners rect- or obtuse-angular: 68.Staphylinus Linn.

5. Pronotum at middle as a rule with two punctate rows, and on sides

with single or scatterea punct&tion, rarely without punct-
ate rows. Head and pronotum, with exception of scattered,

erect bristles naked, shiny 6.

Pronotum with smooth and rather dense punctation, and with pol-

-63-

(Page 372)
ished middle-line. Head and pronotum, besides erect bristle-
hairs, with a fine, prostrate, sparse hair-coverintj. • . . 7.

6. Pronotum narrowed anteridrly* or rather even breadth. Elytra

hardly longer than pronotua; 69. Philonthus Curt.

Pronotum distinctly narrowing posteriorly. Elytra longer than

pronotum 70. Gafius Curt.

7. First joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than the claw- joint.

Head and pronotum dull 71. Remus Holme.

First joint of hind tarsi not longer than the claw-joint. Head
and pronotum more or less glistening 8.

8. The second antennal joint thickened, as thick as the first, much

thicker than the third (Fig. 119) 72. Actobius Fauv.

The second antennal joint not thickened, and not thicker than the
third 73. Bisnius Thorns.

65. Jenus Creophilus liannh.

(Mannerh. Brach. 1830, Ifi; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 528; Thorns. Skand.
Col. II, 140; iv^uls. et Key Br^vip. 1877, 76; langlb. Kaf. f.'. II, 414.
- Staphylinus -enus II- Erichs. lien. Spec. Staph. 347).

From the following species, 5mus, in similarity with which it has
very widely separated middle-coxae, and short, clubformedly thickened
antennae, it differs in that the head and pronotum at middle are naked
and shiny, that the antennal club only encludes the five last, strong-
ly thickened joints, and that the first joint of hind tarsi is stret-
ched, almost as long as the three following joints together. The dor-
sal side margin of pronotum disappears behind the fore-corner, and is

-64-

(Pase 372)
not contiguous with the ventral one as in the three closest follow-
ing genera.

This genus encludes only 1 European, widely distributed species.

(Page 373)
1. C. maxillosus Linn.

(Linne Syst. Nat. 1758. 421; Krichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 432; Jen.
Spec. Staph. 348; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 529; Ihoms. Skand. Col. 11,141;
Muls, et Rey brevip. 1877, 78; uan^jlb. Kaf. M. II, 415).

Deeply black, glistening; the head, pronotum at middle, and hu-
meri naked, with specular shine, the rest of the body more or less
densely haired; temples and pronotal fore-corners rough-haired, ely-
tra with a broad, ash-gray, densely haired transversal band, spotted
with several small patches of black hair, the three middle, ventral
abdominal joints, and side-margins with dense, the dorsal side as well
as the rest of the joints with sparse, ash-gray hair.

Body robust, of rather even breadth; head broadly square, in robust
O O most often broader than pronotum, the temples with dense and
coarse, the rest with extremely fine, scattered punctation; antennae
short, scarcely longer than the head, strongly club-formed, their last
five Joints broad and increasingly thickened; eyes are placed high,
oblong, flat. Pronotum is posteriorly almost as broad as elytra, some-
what narrowinj posteriorly, the sides and posterior margin rounded in
same rounding, dorsum at midale smooth, the surrounding surface, par-
ticularly the fore-oorners densely punctate; elytra somewhat longer
than pronotum, with exception of the almost smooth, shiny humeral cor-

■65-

(Page 373)
ners rather densely and finely punctate, and with a row of 5-6 lar-
ger bristle-bearing punctures at middle. Abdomen with fine and very
■ dense punctation. L. 15-22 mm.

In the o^the head as a rule is larger than in the O the sixth ven-
tral abdominal joint is deeply emarginated at tip.

Cistributed in Europe, and everywhere in this country common at
carrion, manure, and rotten plants.

A rare variety, ciliaris Steph., in which the scutellum, the tip
of elytra, abdominal tip, and margins of joints are golden yellow
haired, is found in Scotland and Germany, but not heretofore found in
this country.

66, Jenus Emus Curt.

(Curtis Brit. Ent. XII, 1835; ?:raatz Ins. D. II, 530; Thorns. Skand.
Col. II, 139; I.:uls. et Fey Brd'oip. 1877, 71; Janglb. Kaf. K. II, 4ie.
- Staphylinus jenus I. Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 346).

Body very robust, broad and thick, remarkable by its furry, humb-
lebee-like vestiture; head very larga, as broad as pronotum; eyes small
and placed high; the antennae short, scarcely longer than the head,
their first joint scape-formedly elongated, the last six joints con-
siderably broader than the preceding, whereby the antennae become feeb-
ly club-formed; pronotum posteriorly rounded to form a half circle,
narrower than the elytra, their dorsal sidemargin anteriorly contigu-
ous V. ith the ventral side-margin; abdomen of even breadth; legs ro-
bust, furred; tibiae finely spiniferous; fyre-tarsi strongly, the oth-
ers feebly dilated; first joint of hind-tarsi short, only a little lon-
ger than the following.

This genus encludes only 1 species, distributed in the entire Europe,

(Page 374)

1. S. hirtus Linn.

(Linne Syst. Nat. 1758, 421; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 431; :;en.
Spec. Staph. 346; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 531; Ihoms. Skand. Ool.II, 140;
Muls. et Fey Brevip. 1877. 73; Jang lb. Kaf. tl. II, 416).

Black; elytra, pronotum, and abdomen often feebly bronze-glist-
ening; the body covered entirely \^ith a furry, more or less dense vest-
iture, which on the head, the larger part of pronotum, and the last
three abdominal joints are golden yellow, the pronotal posterior mar-
gin, the anterior part of elytra, and of abdomen is black, and the po-
sterior half part of elytra grayish-yellow; the surface of ventral si-
de is often bluish or violet glistening. L. 2C-25 mm.

In the <T the head is broader than in the Q , the trochanter of the
hind legs are long and at tip with hook-formed elongation, the hind-
most tibiae slightly curved.

Distributed, but as a whole rare here, most frequent on high,
open fields at fresh cow-manure, but also at carrion, and at rotten
fungi; it hunts flies, Aphodians and other insects. I have seen it
most numerously on sandy fields at Skajen, where the acres are fer-
tilized with rotten fish and fish-v.aste; it is generally found sin-
gly.

67. ienus Ontholestes Janglb.

(CJanglb. Kaf. Mitteleurp. II, 417. - Lei stotrophus Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 532; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 81. - Schizochilus Thoms. Skand.
Col. II, 141. - Staphylini'E genus VI, Erichs. ^ien. Spec. Stap^. 35©).

From Staphylinus. to which this genus is closely allied, it is

separated in that the mesosternuin at middle-line is finely carinated.

■ 67.

(Page 374)
and that tha ralddle-coxae are more widely separated, also that the
pronotal fore-corners are protruding and acute.

Ihe heed is broad, almost square, with large, slightly convex
eyes, and plump temples; antennae rather slender, longer than the
head, not thickened outwardly; pronotum posteriorly narrowing and
rounded off, narrower than elytra; its dorsal side-margin is under
the strongly protruding, acute-angular fore-corners contiguous with
the ventral side-margin; elytra somewhat longer than pronotum; ab-
domen feebly tapering; legs rather slender, tibiae finely spinife-
rous, the middle ones slightly curved, the fore-tarsi strongly di-
lated, first Joint of hind-t&rsi rather stretched , almost as long
as the following three joints together.

In North and Middle Europe only 2 species are found.

Key to Species.
1. Antennal base yellow, legs predominantly yellow, inner side of

femora black. L. 15-20 mm 1. G. nebulosus Fabr.

Antennae yellow, brownish toward tip. Legs black. Species smal-
ler. L. 10-15 mm 2. 0. murinus Linn.

(Page 375)
1. 0. nebulosus Fabr.

(Fabr. Ent. Syst. I, 520; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 432; ,:Jen. Spec.
Staph. 36C; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 534; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 142; Muls.
et Rey Erevip. 1877, 83. - tessellatus Fourer. Ganglb. Kaf. V.. 11,418).

Black; pronotum dully bronze-colored, together with abdomen cov-
ered with a dense, felt-like, prostrate hair-clothing , which on the head,

•66-

(Page 375)
pronotum, and elytra is a mixture of silver-jray and golden-brown-
ish, with darker spots and undulated lines, the abdomen black and
golden-brown; scutellum and two spots on each of the first four free
dorsal abdominal joints velvety black; metasternurn and base of the
ventral abdominal joints with light-golden hair; antennal base, mouth-
parts, and mouth, also partly the legs, reddish-yellow, the inner part
of femora black, hind tibiae and hind tarsi brownish.

Head, pronotum, and elytra v^ith very densely shagreened surface,
the first two parts furthermore with very fine and dense, elytra with
less dense punctation; temples a little shorter than the eyes; sides
of pronotum are groove-like impressed, behind middle incurved; elytra
longer than pronotum. Posterior margin of fifth free dorsal abdominal
joint is darkly marginated. L. 15-20 mm

In the (5^ the eyes are smaller than in the O » the sixth ventral
abdominal joint with rather deep emargination at tip, and before the
emargination smoothed.

At dung and carrion. Distributed in North and Middle Europe, but

everywhere in this country rather rare and singly.

2. 0. murinus Linn.

(Linne Faun. Suec. 840; Erichs. Kaf. I'k. Br. I, 433; (Jen. Spec.
Staph. 361; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 535; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 142; Muls.
et Fey Brevip. 1877, 86; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 418).

From nebulosas, which it very much resembles in regard to color
of the body, and felt-like, spotted vestiture, as well as the bronze-
lustre of prothorax, it is easily separated by the following charac-
ters:

-69-

(Page 375)

It is as a rule considerably smaller, narrower and of more even

breadth; antennae are shorter, predominantly yellow, only tov-ard

tip brownish; mouth, mouth-parts, and legs black; eyes twice as lonj

as temples; head and pronotum with rather coarse, very dense punc-

tation; pronotum posteriorly with an abbreviated shiny middle-line,

its sides not impressed, and behind middle scarcely Incurved; elytra

very little longer than pronotum, shorter than in nebulosus; abdomen

feebly tapering; posterior margin of its fifth free dorsal joint with

a fine, whitish cu ticle-margination. L. 10-15 mm.

At dung and carrion, preying on smaller insects. Distributed in

Europe, North Asia, and North America, and not rare in this country.

(Page 376)

68. Jenus Staphylinus Linn.

(Linne Syst. Nat. Sd. X, 175B, 421; langlb. Kaf. Kitteleurp. II,
419. - Staphylinus4-0cypus Kraatz Ins. D. II, 536, 56G. - Trichoderma
-f-Platydracus-j-Staphylinus-^-^oerius Ocypus Tasgius Anodus .horns.
Skand. Col. II, 142 - 150. - Tr ichoderma-j-Staphyl inus-^Platydracu s4-
Ocypus-f-Tasgius-^Anodus Uuls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 89-181).

Body more or less elongated, of rather even breadth, haired, in
some species the hair is felt-like, or (in Jen. Staphylinus L. , Kraatz)
adorned with golden glistening hair-spots, particularly on abdominal
joints, the head varies in form; square, triangular, oviform, or roun-
ded-off, with short, punctate neck, and larger or smaller, oval, obli-
quely placed eyes, and rather short antennae, which sometiraes are
slightly thickened outwardly, and again they may be of almost even
thickness throughout, or as in the last four subgenera (Jen. Ocypus

. -70-

*)or membranous-

(Pa^e 376)
Kirby, Kraatz) feebly thinned toward the tip. Labruna is cleft at
middle; mandibles robust, most often with one or more teeth on inner
margin; in some species the last joint of labial palpi, in o'also
the last joint of maxillary palpi feebly axe-formed (Fig. 112), other-
wise rather cylindric.

Pronotum is anteriorly almost evenly truncated with rect- or obtuse-
angular corners, erect or incurved sided, posteriorly rounded off;
scutellum punctate and haired, occasionally velvet-haired; elytra
most often longer than pronotum; abdomen of rather even breadth; legs
rather robust, the middle and hind tibiae spiniferous, and with spurs
at the end, fore-tarsi of both sexes strongly dilated, first joint
of hind tarsi stretched, and as long as the two or three following
joints. The mesosternum is without carina in the middle line, and the
middle coxae are rather narrowly separated or almost contiguous.

Of those in Liiddle and North Europe distributed, and to this genus
belonging species, 17 have heretofore been found in this country.
They are mostly found on forest ground or at manure and carrion, and
are as a whole voracious rove-beetles. The below mentioned first 7
species belong to the true genus Staphylinus L., the rest to Ocypus
Kirby (cf. Kraatz); but as these two genera mutually by lack of distinc-
tive, mainly separating features, are difficult to characterize with
sufficient sharpness they are here treated together (cf. ianglb. et.al.).

Key to Subgenera and Species.
1. Antennae slightly thichened outwardly, or of even thickness, their

-71-

(Page 376)
next-last joint most often more or less transverse. The ab-
domen (in our species) besides the darker hair-vestiture with
golden glistening hair-spots, or transversal bands (Staphy-

linus Linne, Kraatz) 2.

Antennae oftenest more slender, of even thickness or thinner
outwardly, their next-last joint rarely feebly transverse,
most often longer than broad. Abdomen black- or brownish-
haired, not with golden-glistening hair-spots or transver-
sal bands (Ocypus Kirby. Kraatz) 6.

2. Body with dense, spotted felt-like hair-vestiture, the abdomen

ventrally with white hair-clothing. Antennal middle and next-
last joints (6-lC) rather strongly transverse: 1. subgenus
Trichoderma Ihoms. - the surface of head with polished pit-
ted punctures, and with an ere-like-glistening polished spot

on the forehead. L. 12-17 ram 1. St. pubescens Ce Jeer.

(Page 377)
Body with prostrate and finer hair-clothing 3.

3. Head broadest behind, triangular or oval-formed. Head and prono-

tum with coarse, navel-punctation : 2. Subgenus Flatydracu s

Thome 4.

Head not broadest behind, rounded or transverse with rounded off
corners. Head and pronotum with finer, very dense simple
punctation 7.

4. Elytra greenish-blue. L. 14-17 mm 2. St. fulvipes Scop.

-72-

(Page 377)
Klytra yellowish-red or brownish-red 5.

5. Head and pronotum black, black-haired. L. 12-15 mm

3. St. stercoriarius Oliv.

Head and pronotum ore- or bronze-colored, brownish-yellow hair-
covering 6.

6. Legs yellowish-red. L. 10-18 mm 4. St. latebricola iravh.

Legs rust-red with black femora and dark-brown tarsi. 1. 12-17

DMi 5 St. chalcocephalus F.

7. Head transverse with rounded off corners. Abdominal joints at

sides with golden hair-spots: 3. Subgenus Staphyllnus s.str.

7a.

Head rounded, as long as broad. The abdomen at middle-line

with golden hair-spots: 4. Subgenus Abemus Key.- Elytra

brownish-red, posteriorly yellowish-red. L. 17-20 mm ....

7a. St. fosser Scop.

7a. Scutellum black-haired. L. 17-22 mm.... 6, St. caesareus Sederh.
Scutellum with yellow glistening hair. L. 14-18 nm

7. St. erythropterus Linn.

8. The mandibles, or at least one of them, on the inner margin

with several robust teeth. The distal Joint of labial pal-
pi cylindric or tapering S.

!.!andibles on inner margin with a single, broad tooth or with-
out teeth. The distal Joint of labial palpi, in the ^
also that of maxillary palpi feebly axs-fonned 15.

-73-

(Page 377)

9. Temples considerably longer than the eyes: £. Subgenus Toerius

Thorns 10.

Temples shorter or at most as long as eyes: 6. Subgenus Fseud-
ocypus Muls. et Bey 12.

10. Elytra as long as pronotum. Species winded. Outer margin of

fore-tibiae spiniferous 11.

Elytra shorter than pronotum. Species wingless. Outer margin
of fore-tibiae with only a few spines at tip. L. 15-20 mm.
10. St. similis Fabr.

11. Body entirely dull black. L. 24-30 mm. ..8. St. olens Mull.
Head, pronotum, and elytra dark-blue. L. 18-20 mm

9. St. ophtalmlcus Scop.

12. Legs reddish-yellow. Species wingless. L. 12-14 mm

11. St. brunnipes Fabr.

Legs darker, often vith lighter tibiae or tarsi. Species

winged 13.

13. Pronotum v.ith scattered and irregular, finer or coarser punc-

tation, smooth at middle. L. 12-15 mm. :12. St. fuscatus ^ravh.
Pronotum with dense and uniform punctation, middle-line smooth.: 14.

14. The abdominal dark-haired surface with five light-haired long-

itudinal, narrov. stripes. Elytra most often brownish-red,
rarely darker. The vestiture of head and pronotum very fine.

L. 14-17 mm 13. St. picipennis Fabr.

The abdominal light-haired stripes oftenest less distinct.

■74-

(Pa^e 377)
Elytra most often with bronze-lustre, darker, more rartly
brownish-red. Ihe hair-vestiture of head and pronotum more
dense and distinct. L. 12-15 mm.: 14. St. aeneocephalus De ^eer.

15. Mandibles with a broad tooth at middle (Fij. 112): 7. Subgenus

Tas.'^ius Thorns 16.

Mandibles without tooth, long, narrow and sickle-shaped (Fig. 11?) :
8. Subgenus Ocypus Steph 17.

16. Elytra black; legs black with brownish tarsi. L. 14-18 mm....

,. 15. St. ater iravh.

Elytra dark-blue, and legs yellowish-red L. 15-22 mm

16. St. pedator iravh.

17. Temples longer than eyes. Legs'black with brownish tarsi. L.

12-17 mm 17. St. globulifer Jeoffr.

Temples not longer than eyes. Legs most often reddish-yellow,

rarely black with brownish tibiae and tarsi. L. 12-17 mm..

18. St. compressus Uar sh .

(Page 378)

1. Subgenus Trichoderma Thoms.

1. St. pubescens De ieer.

(De 3eer Ins. IV, 17; Erichs. Kaf. Tilk. Br. I, 434; Jen. Spec.
Steph. 372; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 546; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 142; t'uls.
et Pey Brevip. 1877, 94; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 425).

Not unlike Ontholestes nebulosus. but smaller, and easily separat-
ed from this by the obtuse-angular corners of pronotum anteriorly.
Black; the humeral margin of elytra, and often their suture, an-

-75-

(Page 378)
terior margin of forehead, also labrum, and base of .nandibles, an-
tennal first 4-5 joints mostly ventral side, also a rin^ on the le^s
before tip of the femora yellowish-red. The dorsal side of the body
entirely covered with a rough, more or less matted hair-vestiture ,
which on the head is yellowish, on pronotum and elytra darkly speck-
led yellowish-brown with many small, thinly haired dull spots, on
the Ecutellum velvety-black, with yellowish middle line, and on the
abdomen yellow-brownish, black-spotted, with a middle-row of golden-
glistening, triangular hair-spots, which on each side is bounded by
a velvaty black spot. t.Ietasternum and ventral side of abdomen cover-
ed with dense, chalky-white hair sprinkled with black.

The head, pronotum, and elytra are in the surface densely sha-
greened, and this therefore dull; head rather square with rounded off
temple-corners, the dull ground with many, scattered shiny pitted
punctures, and with a little, ore-glistening, polished spot in midd-
le of forehead; antennae distinctly thickened outwardly, their middle-
and next-last- (€-lC) joints rather strongly transverse; pronotum
considerably narrower than elytra and 1/3 shorter than these, with
coarse, scattered punctation and often with polished middle-line. L.
12-17 mm.

In the cJ the sixth ventral abdominal joint inoupved rounded at tip.

It is encountered mostly at manure, but also under leaves, is di-
stributed everywhere in Europe, but is not frequent in this country,
somewhat local.

•76-

(Page 378)

2. Subgenus PlatydracuB Thorns.

2. St. fulvlpes Scop.

(Scop. Ent. Cam. 99; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I. 438; Jen. Spec.
Staph. 382; ?:raatz Ins. D. II, 545; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 144; Muls.
et Eey Br(fvip. 1877, 127; langlb. Kaf. f.'. II, 426).

Distinguishable by the shape of head, and by the color.

Black, somewhat glistening, with fine, brownish hair; the next-
last tv»o abdominal joints at base i^ith golden glistening hair; head,
pronotum, and elytra darkly blue or greenish with metallic lustre;
antennal base and tip, anterior margin of forehead, and maxillary pal-
pi, and the legs reddish yellow.

The head is triangular, broadest behind the eyes, and with pro-
minent temple-corners, as well as pronotum with smooth and dense na-
vel-punctation; antennae only feebly thickened outwardly, their next-
last joints scarcely transverse; pronotum almost as broad as elytra;
these with particularly dense and very fine punctation, with modified

shine; (Pa^e 375^ the abdomen

with scattered and very fine punctation. L. 14-17 mm.

In the <T the sixth ventral abdominal joint with an acute incisi-
on at tip.

In damp woodland meadows under moss and grass and in old stubs;
distributed in Europe, but rare everywhere in this country. (Horn-
baek, Lyngby, Objerggaard; Aalholrn; Silkeborg, Panders, Skorping Hol-
me and several other places).

3. St. stereoriarius 01 iv.

(Oliv. Ent. Ill, 42; Erichs. Kaf. ^^k. Br. I, 436; ien. Spec.

-77-

(Page 375)

Staph. 380; Kraatz Ins. 2. II, 543; Thorns. Scand . Col. II, 143; r/,uls.
et Rey Br^vip. 1877, ;23; ^anglb. Kaf. h\. II, 427).

Besides by the shape of the head easily identified by the color.

black, dull; head and pronotux sometimes with feeble ore-reflec'^
tion, black-haired; scutellum with black velvety hair; elytra yellow-
red or yellow haired; abdomen black-haired, its first four free joints
on each side with a golden shiny hair-spot, and the next-last two joints
together with the ventral joints at base with golden glistening hair-
ed transversal bands; antennae brownish, their base and tip as well
as maxillary palpi most often yellowish-red; legs reddish-yellow and
yellov.-haired, their femora occasionally dark.

The heed is triangularly rounded, posteriorly as broad as prono-^
turn, and together with same^ with dense and robust navel-punctation; the
antennae short and robust, slightly thickened outwardly, their middle
and next-last joints distinctly transverse; pronotum as broad as ely-
tra, and as long as broad, often with polished, anteriorly vanishing
middle-line; elytra as long as pronotum, particularly densely and very
finely punctate, and with a few scattered larger bristle-bearing punc-
tures. 1. 12-15 mm.

In the O the sixth ventral abdominal joint with obtuse-angular
emargination.

Distributed in Europe, in this country rather rare; mostly on
sanded fields at manure.

4. St. latebricola irav.

(Jrav. Won. 113; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I. 437; ien. Spec. Staph.

-78-

(Page 379)

382; Kraatz Ins. D, II, 545; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 143; WIuls. et Bey
Br^vip. 1877, 125; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 4?.8).

from the precedinsi species, to whicli it is closely allied, it dif-
fers namely by the distinct metallic color of head and pronotum, and
black antennae.

Black, dull; head and pronotum darkly bronze-colored, with brown-
ish-yellow hair; elytra reddish yellowish-brown and reddish-yellow
haired; scutellura with velvity black hair; abdomen black-haired, its
first four free dorsal- joints with three feebly golden-glistening
hair-spots, separated by two blackish-brown haired spots, the two
next-last dorsal joints and all ventral joints at base with golden
feebly glistening haired transversal bands; antennae black, maxillary
palpi and legs yellowish-red.

(Page 38C)

The head is broadest posteriorly, triangularly rounded, together
with pronotum with rather coarse and dense navel-punctation, coarser
than in stercoriarius; antennae feebly thickened outwardly; their next-
last joints feebly transverse; pronotum posteriorly with short, polish-
ed middle-line; elytra fully as long and broad as pronotum, the surfa-
ce densely shagreened, with fine and dense punctation. L. 10-12 mm.

In the uthe sixth ventral abdominal joint rather strongly incurved
at tip.

Rare or very rare; on forest- marsh- and heath-ground under moss
and at the root of trees, occasionally also in company with F'ormica
rufa. in and outside of the anthill. (Sailing, Vejle; several places
in Sjaelland; Bremersvold and Burs/^ in Lolland; Eornholm). Eistrib-

-79-

(Pa^e 380)
uted in Europe.

5. St. chalcocephalus Fabr.

(Fabr. Syst. El. II, 5S3; Hrichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 436; Sen. Spec.
Staph. 381; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 544; Uuls. et Hey Br^vip. 1877, 12C;
ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 428).

Larger and broader than latebricola. from which it only differs
in having black femora, and blackish-brown tarsi, posteriorly broader
head and somewhat more slender antennae; head and pronotum with very
dense and coarse navel-punctation, denser and coarser than in the pre-
ceding species. L. 12-17 mm.

Distributed mainly in Middle Europe; here it has so far only be^n

found in the woods near Silkeborg and Ry , and not, like Latebricola

and the two preceding species, found in Sweden and Norway. Said to

principally seek horse-manure there to pray on smaller insects.

3. Subgenus Staphylinus s. str. Thorns.

6. St. caecareus Gederh.

(Cederh. Faun. Ing. 1798, 335; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 435; >en.
Spec. Staph. 378; Kraatz Ins. 2. II, 548; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 146;
KIuls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1877, 107; Janglb. Kaf. E. II, 429).

In comparison with the nearest preceding species distinguished by
the square, posteriorly not broader head; compared with the following
species; among other features recognized by the color of scutellum.

Black, dull; head and pronotum predominantly black-haired, but
forehead, temples, neck, front-corners of pronotum, also its posterior
margin with golden-yellow glistening hair; scutellun:. with black vel-
vety hair; elytra with reddish yellowish-brown and reddish-yellow hair;

-60-

(Pa- 9 380)
the abdomen vvith bro*nish-black hair, but the posterior margin of
its first free dorsal Joint, and a side-spot at base of the follow-
ing dorsal joints, the base of all ventral. joints, also raetasternum
anteriorly and posteriorly with golden-yellow glistening hair; anten-
nae are often brownish toward the tip, but otherwheres, as well as
maxillary palpi, and the legs yellowish-red.

The head is as broad as pronotum, broadly square with rounded off
temple-corners, togetner with pronotum sspecially dense, and rather
robustly panctated and like this most often with a narrow, smooth
middle-line; (Page 381) antennae rather ro-
bust and longer than in the preceding species, only feebly thickened
outwardly, their next-last joints however distinctly transverse; pro-
notum somewhat narrower than elytra, as long as broad, not narrowing
posteriorly; elytra as long as pronotum, the surface extremely densely
shagreened, and with especially dense and fine punctation, with sing-
le scattered larger bristle-bearing punctures. L. 17-22 mm.

In the Q the sixth ventral abdominal joint at tip is .d:ee:p-Iy.' ob-
tusely angulated.

Cistrlbuted in all parts of our country, but not frequent; most

often at manure on fields and roads. Europe, North America.

7. St. erythropterus Linn.

(Linne Syst. Nat. Ed. X, 17i8, 422; Erichs. 'Kaf. I'.:k. Br. I, 434;
ien. Spec. Staph. 377; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 547; Thorns. Skand. Col. II,
145; Muls. et Pey Brevip. 1877, IIC; -Janglb. Kaf. !J. II, 429).

Much like the preceding species, but as a rule narrower, and less

-81-

(Page 381)
robust and v.ith glistening golden-haired scutellura.

Black, dull; head and pronotum black-haired, the forehead anie-
rioely and around the neck with feebly glistening golden hair; scu-
tellum likewise with golden glistening hair; elytra with reddish
yellowish-brown, reddish-yellow hair; abdomen with black hair of feeb-
le silky lustre, its first three, free aorsal joints on the sides
most often with a feeble or not distinct, the three following joints
both dorsally and ventrally with a distinct, golden glistening hair-
spot at base on each side; antennae at middle pitch-black, their base
and tip, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish-red.

The head is broad and square, broader than pronotum, head and pro-
notum both particularly dense and very finely punctate, somewhat finer
than in the preceding species, like this also as a rule with a fine,
smooth middle-line; antennae rather slender, their next-last joints
(seen from one side) still distinctly transverse; pronotum narrower
than elytra, a little longer than broad, slightly narrowing posteri-
orly; punotation of elytra and abdomen same as in caesareus. L. 14-18
nun.

In the O the sixth ventral abdominal joint is at tip rather deep*:-
ly PQQHdly emar^ltia'te-

Distributed everywhere in Europe, and in this country more fre-
quent than the preceding species; it occurs as well at manure on field
ground as under leaves in woods, occasionally also in wet moss in
water holes in marshes.

4. Subgenus Abemus Muls. et Rey.

•82-

(Paie 381)

7a. St. fossor Scop.

(Scop. Ann. Hist. Nat. V, 1772. lOS; r-richs. Jen. Spec. Staph.
377; Kraatz Ins. B. II, 549; Muls. ot Rey Br^vip 1877, 246; Janglb.
Kaf. U. II, 426.- fodiens iravh. Mon. 116).

About of same size as caesareus. easily recognized oy form of the
head, and by the color.

(Pa^e 382)

Black, finely haired, dull; head, pronotum, and the foremost part of
elytra brov.nish-red, head and sides of pronotum anteriorly often brown-
ish-black; posterior half part of elytra or at least the hind corners,
yellowish-red and dense yellow hair; scutellum black and densely black-
haired; abdomen alon^ middle, at base of joints with a row of jolden
yellow hair-spots, which on each side are bounded by olack hair-spots,
the sixth free dorsal Joint at base with golden hair; antennae, maxil-
lary palpi, and femora brownish-black, the distal joint of maxillary
palpi reddish, tibiae and tarsi reddish or brownish yellov.

Ihe head is rounded, as long as broad, together with pronotum with
extremely dense scabrous punctation; antennae rather slender, not
thichened, rather feebly thinned toward the tip, their middle and next-
last joints not transverse; pronotum narrower than elytra, as long as
broad, posteriorly narrowing and with deflexed side-margins; elytra
only a little longer than pronotum, very densely shagreened; the ab-
domen tapering. L. 17-20 mm.

In the d the sixth ventral abdominal joint wi.th dfeep angliiaJr emar-

|ia&-iion.

Tv'idely distributed in Middle Europe, found at Hamburg; according

-83-

(Page 382)

to report from agent Hr. V. Nielsen, Myraad, taken by him in jreat

numbers on carcass of bird, in Knudskov near Vordingborg.

5. Subgenus jb'erius Thorns.

8 . St. olens liu 1 1 .

(Miill. Faun. Fridr. 1764, 23; Erichs. Kaf. l\k. Br. I, 43f; vien.
Spec. Staph. 405; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 553; Ihoms. Skand. Col. II, 147;
iJuls et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 134; ^anglb.' Kaf . J/. II, 430).

Among all our Staphylinidae this is the longest, and is besides
also identified by the color.

Deeply black; on account of an extremely dense, very fine punc-
tation and a very fine, blackish-brown hair-vestiture the head, pro-
notum, and elytra are -julte dull; the abdomen is, due to a little less
dense punctation semi-shiny; antennae brownish toward tip.

The head is broadly square, as broad as, or broader than prono-
tum; teasples considerably longer than the eyes, and with rounded off
temple-corners; antennae rather slender, from the middle distinctly
thinned outwardly, their distal joint strongly emarginate; pronotum
not narrowing posteriorly, about as long and broad as elytra. Fore-
tibiae on outer side finely spiniferous. L. 24-30 mm. (Fig. 1 and 5).

In the O the sixth ventral abdominal joint broadly emarginate at tip.

Distributed in Europe, and rather common here in all our wood-
land regions, under leaves and moss, more rare in treeless regions,
heather ground or in dunes. - In its eggs a wasp parasiteses, Lltus
Krygeri Kief. : :Hr. Teacher J. P. Kryger, Jentofte, reared from ane
single egg 70 specimens of this extremely small parasitic v/asp (29.
7. 19C7. - 2ntom. Medd. 1913. 38C) .

-84-

(Pa^-e 383)

9. St. ophthalmicus Scop.

(Scop. Ent. Gam. 99; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 431. - cyaneus Tayk.
Mon. Staph. 13; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 44C; ien Spec. Staph. 4C5;
Kraatz Ins. E. II, 555; Thorns. Slcand. Col. II, 147; ti'.uls. et Rey
Br^vip. 1877, 13v).

Black, somewhat glistening, with fine black hair; head, prono-
tum, and elytra darkly blue or greenish-blue; antennae brownish to-
ward the tip.

The head is square, as broai as pronotum and together with this
very densely and finely punctate, and like same also most often with
a feeble, or only suggested sciooth middle-line; temples much longer
than eyes, with rounded off temple-corners; antennae rather slender,
feebly thinned outwardly; pronotum about as long as broad, and as
broad and long as elytra, these with especially dense, fine punctati-
on, somewhat dull; the abdomen with very dense and fine punctation;
tht outer margin of fore-tibiae with robust spines. L. 18-20 mm.

In the S' the sixth ventral abdominal Joint feebly emarginate at
tip.

Distributed in Europe, but rare or very rare in this country, on

high heather^ or f orest'-ground. (Silkeborg, SkiJrping, Ilarboore; Tis-

vilde, Ilornbaek, Bognaes; Bornholm) .

10. St. similis Fabr.

(Fabr. Bnt. Syst. I, 2, 521; Krichs. Kaf. ivlk. Br. I, 440; 5en.
Spec. Staph. 408; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 556; Thorns. Skand. Gol. II, 140;
!.;ul6 et Rey Bre'vip. 1377, 14?,; ianglb. Kaf. V.. II, 431).

Among the closely allied black species easily identified by the

long temples and peculiar short elytra.

■84-

(Page 333)

Black, with fine bl&ck hair, dull or feebly glistening; anten-
nae toward tlie tip and the tarsi brownish.

VTingless. The head square, as broad as pronotum, together with
this densely and rather strongly punctate, and like same with a fine,
on pronotum through running, on the head anteriorly aDbreviated,
smooth middle-line; eyes much shorter than temples; antennae rather
slender, from the middle outwardly distinctly thinned; pronotum of
even breadth, as broad as elytra; these pecularly short, and distinct-
ly shorter than pronotum, with extremely dense, rather fine punctati-
on, dull; abdomen of even breadth, with dense and very fine punctati-
on; fore-tibiae on outer margin with only a single spine above the tip.
L. 15-2C mm.

In the O^ the sixth ventral abdominal joint with deep triangular
incision.

■Widely distributed in Europe and North Asia, in this country it

is local and rare; under leaves, moss, stones and eerth-knolls.

(Lollana-Falster several places; Copenhagen, Vordingborg; Haderslev,

S;jrnderborg). (Page 384)

5. Subgenus Pseudocypus Uuls. et Bey.

11. St. brunnipes Fabr.

(Fabr. Spec. Ins. I, 336; Er ichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 441; :}en. Spec.
Staph. 41C; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 557; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 148; Muls.
et Fey Bre'vip. 1877, 153; ianglb. Kaf M. II, 433).

Recognized by proportionally short elytra and by the light color

of the legs.

-85-

(Page 384)

Black, finely haired; head and pronotum rather strongly glisten-
ing, elytra and abdomen dully glistenin^: or dull; antennae pitch-
brown, their base and tip, maxillary palpi, and legs reddish-yellow.

"Wingless. The head rounded-square, as broad as pronotum, and like
this strongly, but not densely punctate, and with a more or less di-
stinct, anteriorly abbreviated, on pronotum most often through run-
ning, smooth middle-line; antennae rather long and slender; pronotum
as long as broad, and not narrowed posteriorly; elytra considerably
shorter and scarcely broader than pronotum, but densely and rather
finely punctate; abdomen with especially fine, dense punctation, each
of its three-four last dorsal joints at middle with two larger brist-
le-bearing punctures. L. 12-14 mm.

In the O^the sixth ventral abdominal joint feebly emarginate.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, and everywhere not rare,

in Denmark it is found as well on forest ground under leaves, as on

heather hills, and high field ground, often in sand- and gravel-pits.

12. St. fuscatus jravh.

( Jravh. Micr. 164; Erichs. Kaif. Mk. Br. I, 441; ien. Spec. Staph.
411; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 558; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 148; J/.uls. et Rey
Br^vip. 1877, ;59; Sanglb. Kaf. '£. II, 433).

Among closely allied species can be recognized by the irregular
punctation of head and pronotum.

Black, head and pronotum polished glistening with bronze- or ore-
like reflection; .elytra darkly bronze-colored, together with abdomen
with fine brownish hair, dull; fore-tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown.

-86-

(Pa^e 384)

The head is short-oval, a littlo narrower than pronotum, the temp-
les with fine and dense punctation, elsewhere as v.ell as pronotum
with scattered and irregular, meaning fine and coarse intermingled
punctation, and like pronotum with a rather broad, not distinctly
bounded, on pronotum oiost noticeable , smooth middle-line; antennae
rather short; pronotum as long as broad, of uniform breadth and about
as broad and long as the extremely dense and very finely punctate el-
ytra; the abdomen with particularly fine, and dense punctation, and
on each dorsal Joint with a transversal row of four, more or less di-
stinct bristle-bearing punctures. L. 12-15 mm.

In the ^ the sixth ventral abdominal joint is feebly emargiaate.

Distributed in Europe, in this country local and as a whole rare,
mostly on sandy or gravelly ground. (Lave Forest and several places
in N. Sjaelland; Sundby Storskov, Loll.; Tarup, Fyen; Haderslev, Pan-
ders, Raebild). (Page 385)

13. St. picipennis Fabr.

(Fabr. Lint. Syst. I, 2, 521; iJrichs. Kaf. lik. Br. I, 442; ien.
Spec. Staph. 412; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 559; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 148;
Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 162; Janglb. Kaf. ;.:. II, 433).

A rather round species, within the subgenus distinguishable et.al.
by the striped color pattern of abdomen.

black, brown-haired; head and pronotum witn bronze-lustre, spar-
sely haired and rather shiny; the elytra either brownish red, and
often with light-haired longitudinal stripes, or darkly bronze-color-
ed, as well as abdomen rather dull, the latter with five light brown-
haired longitudinal stripes, the antennal tip, and the tarsi reddisn-

-87-

(Page 385)
brown.

The head is about as broad as pronotum, broadly square, with
rounded off temple-corners, all over with rather fine, and particu-
larly behind the eyes dense punctation, the vertex most often with
smooth middle-line; antennae rather slender; pronotum as broad as
elytra, and as long as broad, not narrowing posteriorly, rather fine-
ly and densely punctate, with a smooth middle-line, and on each side
of this a rov. of larger punctures; elytra hardly as long as pronotum,
with especially dense and very fine punctation, and with a larger brist-
le-bearing puncture on each side of scutellum, and one similar before
the posterior margin; the abdomen with extremely dense and fine punc-
tation and on each dorsal joint with a transversal row of 4 or 6 lar-
ger punctures. L. 14-17 mm.

In the O the sixth ventral abdominal joint feebly emarginate.

Distributed everywhere in Europe, and rather common here, mostly
on high and open ground, at manure and under stones. Ihe larva is
found at Holte (14. 6. 96) and in Bognaes (2C. C. 57) and reared.
(S. Rosenberg).

14. St. aeneocephalus De Jreer.

(De Ireer Ins. IV, 22; fiuls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 164; ^anglb.
Kaf . li. II, 434. - cupreus Fossi, Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 443; Jen Spec.
Staph. 412; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 560; Thoms. Skand. Gol. II, 14S).

The difference between this species and picipennis is not consi-
derable, and often difficult to definitely determine. Most often how-
ever aeneocephalus is smaller and narrower, elytra more frequently

-66-

(Page 385)
bronze-colored, head and pronotum with denser and longer brown hair,
more densely punctate, and the smooth middle-line of pronotum more
sharply bounded, slightly convex; tne head is narrower than pronotum,
ovately rounded, with broadly rounded off temples; antennal base of-
tenest reddish-yellow, the abdominal light stripes often less distinct
than in picipennis. but the large bristle-bearing punctures of the
joints more numerous and more robust. L. 12-15 mm.

In the & the sixth ventral abdominal jOint very feeuly emargina-
te at tip.

Under stones and at manure, or on high forest ground under lea-
ves; distributed like the preceding species, out not as common in

this country. (Page 386)

6. Subgenus Tasgius Steph., Thorns.
15. St. ater iravh.

(Jravh. r.^icr. 161; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 444; Jen. Spec. Staph.
416, Kraatz Ins. D. II, 562; Ihoms. Skand. Col. II, 149; Muls. et Pey
Br^vip. 1877, 179; Janglb. ?:af. M. II, 435. - morio Sahib. Ins. Fenn.
I, 3C9).

An elongate, uniformly broad, somewhat flat and rather glisten-
ing species, which together with the following is distinguished in
that the mandibles (Fig. 112) on the inner margin is armed with ane
single, broad and obtuse, yet robust tooth, and that the distal joint
of the labial palpi in both sexes is feebly axe-shaped. In relation
to the following species it is easily recognized by the color of ely-
tra and legs-
Black; heed and pronotum strongly glistening, with very scattered

-89-

(Paje 386)
and fine hair-vestiture; elytra and abdomen rather shiny, with short
and rather dense black hair; antennal tip, maxillary palpi, and tar-
si reddish-brown.

The head is square, with slightly roundedoff temple-corners, as
broad as pronotum, and together v^ith this with scattered, and rath«r
robust punctation, with interspersed finer punctures, and with smooth
middle-line; the antennae rather slender, not thickened outwardly,
and their next-last ^oints not transverse; pronotum a little narrow-
er and shorter than elytra, which together with abdomen is very den-
sely, but not very finely punctate, and has a few single, scattered,
larger bristle-bearing punctures. Posterior margin of the fifth free
dorsal abdomonal ^oint with a very fine, yet distinct, li^jht cuticle-
suture. L. 14-18 mm.

In the O^ the distal joint of maxillary palpi is also feebly axe-
shaped (Fig. lis) and the sixth ventral abdominal joint broadly emar-
ginate at tip.

Distributed in Kurope and North Asia; here it rare or local, more

frequent in the islands then in Jutland, and most often found at the

shore under rocks and seaweed. (Aarhus, Haderslev, Odense, laes^, Kor-

6):(r, Amager, M,oen, F alster-Lolland, Langeland, Bornholm) .

16. St. pedator iravh.

(aravh. Micr. 163; Erichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 415; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 561; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 149; LIuls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 175;
ianglb. Kaf. Ivi. II, 435).

7rotn the precedin-; species, to which it closely allied, it is sep-

-90-

Fig. 112. Head of Staphylinus Jcypus; ater Jravh. viewed from
ventral side. p.l. labial palpus, p. max. maxillary palpus.

(Page 386)
arated namely by a more convex form, darkly blue elytra, and yellow-
ish-red, rarely brownish, antennae, maxillary palpi, and legs. Pos-
terior margin of fifth free dorsal abdominal joint is lacking the
usual fine, light cuticle-suture. L.. 15-22 mm.

It is distributed throughout Europe, but much more frequent
southward than northward (ianglb.), is found singly in Finland and
Gotland (Thorns.), but heretofore not found in this country.

(Page 387)
7. Subgenus Ocypus Steph.

(Anodus Thorns, I/.uls,).
17. St. globulifer Fourcr.

(Fourcr. Ent. Par. 1785, I. 164; ianglb. Kaf. ::. II, 436. -edenlulus
Block Verz. Ins. 1791, 115. - morio Iravh. I.'icr. 6; Krichs. Kaf. iwk.
Br. I, 444j Oen. Spec. Staph. 417; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 563; Thorns. Skand.
3ol. II, 150; i'-uls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 184).

From the preceding species of this genus, this and the following
species are mainly separated in that their long, slender, sickle-
shaped mandibles have not a tooth on inner margin, or at most only a
feeole suggestion of one. The distal joint of labial palpi (Fig. 113)
and in the tfalso the distal joint of maxillary palpi are feebly axe-
shaped. In relation to the following species it is easy to identify
globulifer by the color of the legs, but is otherwise in several re-
gards a variable species.

Black, finely haired; head and pronotum somewhat glistenjng, ely-
tra and abdomen dull; antennae toward the tip, and the tarsi brownish.

-51-

(Page 387)

The body is slender and of even breadth, slightly depressed; the
head square, temple-corners slightly rounded off, the temples rather
lon^, head often broader than pronotum and together v-ith this densely
and rather robustly punctate, and with a smooth middle-line, which
on the pronotum is sometimes only posteriorly distinct; antennae slen-
der; pronotum slightly narrowed posteriorly, and a little narrower ely-
tra, vjhich are no longer than pronotum, and with dense, rather fine
punctation; abdomen very finely and aensely punctate, posterior inar-
gin ofits fifth free dorsal joint with or without fine, white cuticle
suture. L. 12-17 mm.

It varies considerably in size. Small specimens have an almost
round head, a more uniformly broad pronotum, sometimes almost enti-
rely red antennae, and proportionally longer elytra. - In the u the
sixth ventral abdominal joint obtuse-angularly emarginate.

Distributed everywhere in Europe, and rather common in this coun-
try, under leaves, moss and stones, also at lake-shores in alluvium.

Fig. 113. Head of Staphylinus (Gcypus) globulif er Fourcr . (mo-
rio jravh.). Antennae removed, p.l. Labial palpi, p. max. Max-
illary palpi.

18. St. compressus Karsh.

(Marsh. Ent. Brit. 503; rLrichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 418; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 564; Ihoms. Skand. Col. II, 150; Uuls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877.
187; Janglb. Kaf. W. II, 436).

Closely allied to the preceding species, from which it mainly de-
viates in that the legs most often are light-colored, and by an all-
over, though mostly on head and pronotum, much denser punctation.

•92-

(Page 387)

Black; with rather dense, fine irayish-brown hair, dull; anten-
nae brownish at middle, elsewhere as well as tnouth-parts, and le^'s
reddish-yellow; occasionally the fore-femora, or the middle- and
hind-tibiae brownish; very rarely are the legs predominatingly dark
(v. cerdo lir.)- (Page 388)

The head is scarcely broader than pronotum, transverse, with ra-
ther short temples, very densely and rather finely punctate; anten-
nae rather slender; pronotum of even breadth, with especially dense
8nd fine punctation, only posteriorly with a feebly suggested im-
punctate middle-line; elytra as long as pronotum, with extremely den-
se, but somewhat less fine punctation than the slender, very dense,
and finely punctate abdomen. L. 12-17 mm.

In the <ythe sixth ventral abdominal joint feebly incurved at tip.

Fare and local. In forests under leaves, but also at shores under

seaweed. (Kanders, Ry ; Hoskilde, Copenhagen, Lynjby; Lolland-Falster

in several places). The form cerdo iir. is heretofore not found in this

country.

£9. Jenus Philonthus Curt.

(Curtis Brit. Znt. VIII, 1836 pi. 61C ; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I,
445; j«n. Spec. Staph. 426; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 565; ianglb. Kaf. Li.
II, 437. - Ihilonthus-f -iefyribus-^ iabrius Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 153,
156, 165; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 2CC, 386, 391).

A genus including numerous species, in relation to the nearest
preceding genera recognized mainly by the undivided ligula, smooth
neck, rather narrow fore-tibiae, and more often also by two conspic-
uous punctate rows on pronotum.

-93-

^fage 388)
Body elongate, feebly fusiform or of rather even breadth; head
and pronotum polished, , and except for some erect bristles, also naked;
scutellum, elytra and abdomen haired; the head varies in form, pos-
teriorly rather strongly constricted, forming a short, impunctate
neck, on the forehead as rule with a transversal row of four punc-
tures, behind eyes and on the temples with more or less dense punc-
tation; the eyes are not protruding, most often ordinarily large,
sometimes small; temples and genae without marginal ridges; antennae
monlliform or feebly thickened outwardly, their third Joint ordinari-
ly longer than the second, distal joint of maxillary palpi most of-
ten longer than the next-last, and somewhat fusiformly more rarely
conically tapering; the last joint of labial palpi most often as thick
as the next-last (Fig. 114. Subgenus Philonthus s. str. ) more rare-
ly strikingly finer and narrower (Fig. 115. Subgenus iabrius) . The
ligula undivided, rounded off at tip.

Fig. 114. Labial palpi of Philonthus nitidus Fabr. (Subgenus
Philonthus s. str.).

Fig. 115. Labial palpi of Philonthus nigritulus Jravh.
(Subgenus jabrius Steph.).

Pronotum is most often narrower than elytra, either of rather
even breadth or narrowing a little anteriorly, with a few excepti-
ons the dorsum is at middle adorned with two longitudinal rows of ra-
ther large punctures, the number of which in our species may vary
from 4-12 in each row, outside of these on the side-planes also with
several (4-6) partly rov\-f orming , more rarely numerous scattered punc-
tures, but otherwheres not punctate, the surface oftenest very finely

-H-

(Page 388)

reticulate. Scutellum is proportionally large, triangular, punctate;

elytra as long as or a little longer than pronotum; the abdomen pos-

(Pa^e 389)

teriorly more or less tapering, its first three free dorsal joints

often slightly transversally depressed at case, whereby there in some

species is formed a fine transversal ridge with an angulate, acute

projection on the middle about like a transversally placed brace C-y^] .

The fore-tibiae are rather narrow, feebly thickened toward the tip,

often finely spiniferous, the others always spiniferous; fore-tarsi

either simple or their first three joints dilated; hind-tarsal first

joint more or less produced, longer than or about as lon:f as the clav.

joint. - In the o the head is often broader and more square than in

the ^ , or the fore-tarsi are dilated, or more strongly dilated than

in the Q ; the sixth ventral abdorainsil joint is at tip ir.ore or less

strongly angulately incised or emarginate.

In r.5iddle and North Surope more than 70 species are found, in this
country about 5C. ihey mostly seek rottinj plant- or animal-fragments,
manure and fungi, where they hunt smaller insects. I.iost of the species
are not very particular in choise of ground, and can be encountered
almost anywhere, a fev. prefer hollovv tress or live under bark of insect-
infested trunks and stubs.

Our species are divided into two subgenera, and the largest of
these, Philonthus s. str. , by the number of punctures in each of the
punctate rows of pronotum furthermore in £ seriesr-in hirichson and
Kraatz the genus Philonthus includes also the separated and follow-

-55-

(Page 389)
ititj Fma.ll genera Caf ius. Kemus. Actobius, and blsnlus.

Ksy to Subgenera, Series and Species.
1. Last joint of labial palpi not narrov., hardly narrower than the
next-last (Fig. 114). Head rounded or rounded-square. 'lemp-
les as a rule not or only a little lonjer than the eyes:

1. Subgenus Phllonthus s. str 2.

Last joint of labial palpi distinctly narrower and more slen-
der than the next-last (Fig. 115). Head elongate-square with
almost parallel sides, or elongate-oval, lemples twice as
long as the small or very small eyes: 2. Subgenus iabrius

Steph. (Fig. 117) 43.

8. Pronotum smooth, vtithout punctate rowt, at miadle ..1st series 4.
Pronotum with two punctate rov.s at middle 3,

3. Each punctata row consists of 4 punctures 2nd series 6.

Each punctate row consists of 5 punctures 3rd series 24.

Each punctate row consists of 6 punctures 4th series 37.

Each punctate row consists of more than 6 punctures (3-12),

somewhat irregularly arranged and with many or numerous
punctures at the sides 5th series 42.

4. Fore-tibiae distinctly curved. Head and pronotum black with

metallic shine. L. 12-14 mm 1. Ph. splendens Fabr.

Fore-tibiae straight or almost straight. Head and pronotum

with greenish or bluish metal-shine 5.

5. Head rounded-transverse; pronotum not narrowing anteriorly.

-96-

(Page 389)

L. 9-12 mm 2. Ph. Interrnedius Boi sd.

Head oval; pronotum narrowed anteriorly. L. 9-11 mm

3. Ph. lamlnatus Creutz.

6. First joint of hind-tarsi lonjer than the last, as long as the

three middle joints together 7.

First joint of hind-tarsi scarcely longer than the last, short-
er than the three middle joints together 19.

7. Head rounded off sr^uarely, as broad as Ion?; or broader, in the 5^

occasionally broader than pronotum 8.

Head oval or short oval, most often longer than broad, with

entirely rounded off temple-corners, in both sexes narrower

than pronotum 13,

(Page 390)

8. The abdominal second and third free dorsal jOint across the

base with a ridge, which at the middle has an acute angular

projection (^v- ) 9.

This ridge is straight, without projection at middle 12.

9. Elytra with dense punctation, each witn two outstanding (erect)

long bristles on the side IC.

Elytra with scattered punctation, with only one bristle on the
side behind the humerus, greenish or bluish metallic shine.
L. 7-9 mm 9. Ph. atratus iravh.

10. Abdomen densely punctate. Fore-tarsi of S' strongly dilated.

Blytra yellow-haired. L. 11-13 mm 5. Ph. aeneus Rossi.

-97-

(Pa^e 39C)
Abdomen, especially at middle, less densely punctate. Fore-tarsi
ofCT feebly dilated. Elytra with Llack or dark hair 11.

11. Pronotum distinctly impressed on sides. Antennal distal Joints

(6-10) rather stron^;ly transverse. L. 10-12 mm

6. Ph.cbalceus Steph.

Pronotal sides scarcely impressed. Antennal distal joints

hardly transverse. L. 10-12 mm 7, Ph. addendus Sharp.

12. Elytra darkly bronze-glistening. L. 9-11 mm. ..8. Ph. carbonarius ayllh.
Elytra red. L. 11-13 mm 4. Ph. nitidus Fabr.

13. Legs black or pitch-black, tibiae and tarsi sometimes brownish. . 14.
Le^s reddish-yellov. 17.

14. Slytra entirely dull, densely shagreened. L. 11-13 mm

10. Ph. decorus iravh.

Elytra somewhat glistening 15.

15. Antennal first joint on ventral side yellow. L. &-11 mm...

11. Ph. fuscipennis f.'annh.

Antennal first joint entirely black 16.

16. Head and pronotum darkly bronze-glistening with greenish re-

flection. Elytra with dense scabrous punctation. L. 9-11 mm.

12. Ph. lucens Er.

Head and pronotum black, polished, without metallic reflec-
tion. L. 6-7.5 mm 13. Ph. varius jyllh.

17. Pronotal sides broadly yellowisb-red. L. 8-lC mm

14. Ph. marginatus Str.

•98-

(Pa^e 3S0)
Fronotum unicolorous black or brownish 18,

18. Elytra yellowish-red, very rarely dark or bronze-glistening.

L. 6-7 mm 15. Fh. lepidus Jravh.

^ilytra black, often with feeble metallic shine. L. 4-5 mm..
16. Fh. nltidulus iravh.

19. The two middle punctures in the transversal row of forehead are

distinctly farther removed from each other than from the •

punctures at inner margin of the eye 2C.

>li punctures in the transversal row of forehead are about even-
ly removed from each other 22.

20. Fronotum distinctly narrowing anteriorly. Head oblon^-oval,

narrow. L. 5-6 mn. 17. Ph. albipes iravh.

Pronotum of almost even breadth. Head square with rounded off
corners or oblong square 21.

21. Temples longer than eyes. L. 6-7 mm.... 18. Ph. fimetarius iravh.
Temples shorter than eyes. I. 7-8 mm... 19. Ph. umbratilis iravh.

22. i'ilytra with fine and dense punctation, as well as pronotum

most often brownish-red. L. 5-7 mm... 22. Ph. fuscus Jravh.
Elytra rather coarsely punctate, bronze-glistening 23.

23. The head of ^ large, .broader thsn pronotum, ofjOas broad as this.

Elytra rather densely punctate. L. 7-9 mm

20 . ph. cephalotes ^ravh .

The head of cyas broad as pronotum, of O narrower than this.
Elytra with coarser ana more scattered punctation. L. 5-6
mm 21. Ph. sordidus ^ravh.

-99-

(Page 390)

24. First joint of hind-tarsi considerably longer than the last... 25.
First joint of hind-tarsi not, or only inconsiderbly lon<jer

than the last 34,

25. Head rounded-squere 26

Head oval, without teinple-oorners 31.

26. Fore-tibiae strongly spiniferous 27.

Fore-tibiae not, or only feebly spiniferous 29.

27. Abdominal second and third free dorsal joints across the base

with a ridge, which at middle is distinctly angulate lS-^),.2S.
This ridge is straight or at middle only indistinctly angulate.

L. 5-7 mm 25. Ph. concinnus Jravh.

(Page 391)

28. Elytra black with greenish metallic reflection. L. 7-6.5 mm....

23. Ph. ebeninus ^ravh .

Elytra red, at base occasionally dark. L. 7-8 ram

24. Ph. coruscus iravh.

*)

29. Elytra black with a red common spot on the suture, and a smal-

ler, red spot between the suture and humerus. L. 7-8 mm...

29. Ph. san^uinolentus iraAtta.

Elytra unloolorous black or brownish 30.

30. Fore-tarsi in both sexes strongly dilated. Elytra black with

ore-like reflection. 1. 7-3 mm 27. Ph. immundus Jyllh.

Fore-tarsi in CT rather strongly, in the ^ feebly dilated.

Elytra black or brownish without metallic reflection. L. 4-5.5
mm 28. Ph. debilis iravh.

-100-

*)mutual--

(Page 391)

31. Antennal first Joint, at least on ventral side, also fore-coxae

brownish-yellow. Elytra ordinarily entirely black. L. 7-B mm.

3C . Ph. longicornis Steph.

Antennae entirely black 32.

32. Fore-coxae, seen from side, black or blackish-brown. Elytra

with a red spot toward the suture-corner. L. 6-7 mm

31. Ph. cruentatus imel.

Fore-coxae, seen from side, brovmish-yellow 33.

33. Temples somewhat longer than the eyes. Elytra black, ordinarily

each with a red, but often feeble longitudinal spot on mid-
dle. L. 5-7 mm 32. Ph. varians Payk.

Temples not lon^jer than eyes. Elytra black v.ith very feeble

ore-like lustre, their posterior margin brownish. L. £-6 mm.

33. Ph . a,:; i 1 i s Jravh.

34. Legs and antennae, and the whole body entirely black. L. 7-S

mm 26. Ph. corvinus 3r.

legs brownish or reddish yellow 35.

35. Temples of the head more or less rounded off 36.

Temples of the head almost rectangular. Elytra pitch-brown,

their suture, sides and posterior margin reddish-yellow.

L. £ mm 34. Ph. discoideus Jravh.

36. Elytra not longer than pronotum, pitch-black or pitch-brown

without distinct bronze-reflection. L. 6 mm

35 . Ph. ventral is Sravh.

-101-

(Page 391)
Elytra a little longer than pronotum, either black, and then most
often with greenish metallic reflection, or the hindmost half
part red or almost entirely red, and only at the base black.
L. 6-7 mm 36. Ph. qui sQuiliarius ^yllh.

37. Elytra black, with or without metallic reflexion 38.

Elytra yellowish-red 41.

38. Abdomen less densely and finely punctate; elytra glistening. ... 3P.
Abdornan especially densely and finely punctate; elytra dull or

dully shining 4C.

39. Legs yellow. Elytra with greenish metallic reflection. L. 7-9

mm 37 . Ph. fumarlus ^ravh .

Legs black. Elytra without metallic reflection. L. 7-8 mm...

38. jh. nigrita Jrevh.

40. Legs reddish-yellow. L. 6-7 mm 39. Ph. micans Jravh.

Legs pitch-brown, with lighter knees and tarsi, or reddish-
brown. L. 6-7 mm 4C. Ph. virgo ^ravh.

41. The first three antennal Joints yellow, rarely brownish-red.

L. 6-7 mm 41. Ph. fulvipes Fabr.

Only the first antennal Joint yellow. L. 6-7 mm

42. Ph. salinus Kiesw.

48. Pronotal sides with 8-12 scattered punctures. L. 8-9. £ mm..

43. Ph. puella Nordm.

Pronotal sides with numerous (30-40), rather densely placed

punctures. L. 8-10 mm 44. Ph. punctus :Jravh.

-102-

(Page 391)

43. Pronotal punctate rows each with 5 punctures 44.

Pronotal punctate rows each with 6 punctures 46.

44. Elytra shorter than pronotum; this feebly narrowing anteriorly.

L. 6-7 mm 45. Ph. vernalls -Jravh.

Elytra not shorter than pronotum, this of even breadth or feeb-
ly narrowing posteriorly 45.

45. Pronotum feebly narrowing posteriorly. L. 5 mm

46. Ph. splendidulus ^ravh.

Pronotum of even breadth. L. 3 mm 47. Ph. thermarum Aube.

46. Pronotum distinctly narrowing anteriorly. L. 5-6 mm

• • • • 48. Ph. exi^uus Nordm.

Pronotum anteriorly scarcely narrowing or of even breadth. .. .47,

(Page 392)

47. 31ytra a little longer than pronotum. L. 4-5 mm

49. Ph. nigritulus Jravh.

Elytra shorter, or as lon^ as pronotum. The head, especially

in the^ proportionally large. L. 4.5-5.5 mm

50. ?h. troEsulus Nordm.

1. Subgenus Philcnthus s. str.

1st Series; Pronotum at Middle without Punctate Rows.

1. Ph. splendens Fabr.

(Fabr. Ent. Syst. I, 2. 523; Erichs. Kaf. i.ik. Br. I. 447; Sen.
Spec. Staph. 429; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 569, Thorns. Skand. Col. II,
155; ivluls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1877, 2C3; ianglb. Kaf. 1,1. II, 442).

One of the largest species of this genus, easily identified, inter

-lo:

(Page 392)
alia, by the characters of pronotum and fore-tibiae.

Black; Head and pronotum specular, with metallic lustre; elytra
with bronze-lustre, together with the abdomen rather finely haired.

The head is large, oroadly square, in the o broader than pronotum,
in the ^ as broad as this, behind the eyes with a few coarse punctures,
on the temples posteriorly with many, finer bristle-bearing punctures;
pronotum feebly narrowing posteriorly, narrower than elytra, its sides
behind middle rather strongly incurved, the dorsum at fore-margin and
on sides with a few scattered punctures, otherwheres entirely smooth;
elytra with dense and robust, abdomen with rather fine and more scat-
tered punctation; fore-tibiae feebly, yet distinctly curved. L. 12-14
mm.

In the o the fore-tarsi are feebly, yet a little more strongly
dilated than in the p ; the abdominal fifth ventral joint at middle
of posterior margin obtuse-angulately j.nsurved , the sixth with sharp,
deep emargination.

Distributed, and not rare at manure, carrion, and under rotting

plants. Europe, North Asia.

2. Ph. intermedius Boisd.

(Boisd. Lac. Faun. Ent. Paris I, 388; Erichs. Kaf. 1,'k. Br. I,
447; ien. Spec. Staph. 429; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 570; Ihoms. Skand. Col.
II, 155; :'uls. et Rey Erevip. 1877, 207; Janglb. ?:af. h\. II, 442).

Somevthat smaller than splendens, and with approaches both to this
and the fallowing species.

Black; head and pronotum greenish metallic glistening, specularly;
elytra bronze-colored, together with abdomen haired, glistening.

.104-

(Pago 392)

The head is smaller than in splendens. in the O as broad as pro-

notum, in the O narrower and more rounded; pronotum seen from above,

of even breadth, its sides behind middle only feebly incurved. Klytra

and abdomen with somewhat finer punctation than in the preceding, and

less dense than in the following species; fore-tibiae almost straight.

L. 9-12 mm.

(Page 393)

In the <> the fore-tarsi are rather strongly dilated; the abdominal
fourth ventral Joint posteriorly with a plate-formed prolongation, and
covers the greater part of the fifth, the sixth is deeply' emarginate
at tip.

Distributed in Europe, but is rare in our country. It is found

at manure, rotten plants, and in alluvium, also on heath-land hills

under reindeer moss and heather,

3. Ph. laminatus Greutz.

(Creutz 2nt. Vers. 179t , 123; Erichs. Kaf. ilk. Br. I, 446; ien.
Spec. Staph. 430; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 57C ; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 155;
;;.uls. et Rey Br^vip. 1677, 2C6; ianglb. ?:af. :.:. II, 443).

From Intermedius, to which it is closely allied and namely resem-
bles in regard to sex-characters of the O^ , it is easily separated
by the following characteristics:

The elytra are bluish green, with metallic lustre, black-haired;
the body anteriorly narrowing; the head in both sexes narrower than
pronotum, rounded-oval; pronotum distinctly narrov;ing anteriorly, its
sides behind middle only feebly, or not incurvec ; elytra with dense
and rather fine, abdomen v.ith fine and rather dense punctation.

-105-

(Page 393)
Fore-tarsi in both sexes slightly dilated. L. £-11 mm.

Distributed in Europe, and rather common here, at manure, also
decaying animal- and plant-fragments, also in alluvium, and on heaths
under lichen and heather.

2nd Series: Pronetum with 4 Punctures in each Dorsal Row.

4. Ph. nitidus Fabr.

(Fabr. Mant. Ins. I, 220; Lrichs. rCaf. wk. Br. I, 448; len. Spec.
Staph. 435; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 576; Thorns. Skand. 3ol. II, 156; .Viuls.
et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 220; ianglb. Kaf. K. II, 443).

"■'ithin the second series easily identified by the conspicuous red
color of the elytra.

Glistening black; elytra brownish-red, with brownish-yellow hair,
the abdomen with darker hair.

The head (Fig. 116) is in the O broadly square, and broader than
pronotum, in the o rounded-siuare , and a little narrower than prono-
tum, its temples densely and coarsely punctate; pronetum a little nar-
rower then elytra with posteriorly feebly incurved side-margins, with
4 punctures in each dorsal row, and outside of these '.vith 8-10 robust,
partly row-formed side-punctures. Elytra with dense and rather robust,
abdomen with lees dense and finer punctation; the tarsi in both sexes
only very feebly dilated. L. 11-13 mm.

In the O the abdominal sixth dorsal joint at tip with an angulate
incision.

Fig. lie. Philonthus nitidus Fabr.

-106-

(Page 3£4)

Rather rare and local; on open field-ground at manure, but also

in plant-fertilizer. It is distributed in North and Middle Europe,

and like a closely allied species with blue elytra. Ph. c.yanipennis

Fabr., most frequent in mountain regions. The larva is described and

illustrated by J. Schiedte Mat. Tiasskr. 1864-5, 1&9. T. IX.

5. Ph. aeneus Rossi.

(P.ossi Faun. Etrus. 179C, I, 245; Erichs. li^ . Mk. Br. I, 44?,;
l&n. Spec. Staph. 437; Kraats Ins. D. II, 578; Thorns Skand. Col. II,
156; luuls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 226; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 444),

In regard to the following, closely allied species particularly
distinguishable by the dense punctation of the abdomen, and by the
strongly dilated fore-tarsi.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum with feeble ore- or bronze-
reflection; elytra darkly bronze-colored and together with abdomen
with Irownish hair.

The head in O is broadly siuare and often broader than pronotum,
in the O it is more rounded off and a little narrower than pronotum,
in both with coarse punctures behind the eyes, and rather densely
punctate temples, between eyes with a transversal row of 4 punctures,
of which the two middle ones are only a little farther from each
other than the distance from the outer punctures; the antennal out-
er joints (6-lC) rather strongly transverse. Pronotum is on the sides
slightly, yet distinctly impressed, and posteriorly with slightly
incurved side-margins, on the dorsum with 4 punctures in each dorsal
row, and 4-5 scattered side-punctures; elytra with dense and rather

-107-

(i-a-e 3£4)
robust punctation, somevuhat more robust than the likewise densely
punctate abdomen, on which the transversal impression at base of
second and third free dorsal joints form a fine transversal rid^e
vnhich at middle is distinctly acute angulate. L. 11-13 mm.

In the ^the fore-tarsi is strongly dilated, and the abdominal
sixth ventral joint at tip with an acute angular incision-
Common in the northern parts of the world, everywhere at manure,
rotting plants and carrion. The larva is found in numbers under de-
cayed plants in DamhusmoEen (moor) at Copenhagen, and reared by Cand.
•7. Schlick.

6. Ph. chalceus Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V, 227; CJanglb. Kaf. U. II, 444. - carbonarlus
Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 448; Jen. Spec. Staph. 437; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 577; Uuls. et Key Brevip. 1877, 22S. - proximus Kr. 165S. -
succicola Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 157).

Very closely allied to aeneus, from which it however is easily
separated by the following charicteristics:

The elytra are greenish or bluish darkly bronze-colored, and to-
gether with the abdomen blach-haired ; the antennal distal joint often
brownish. The head in the O is not broader than pronotum, in the Q
narrower, its temples rather sparsely punctate; the antennal outer
joints (6-10) strongly transverse, abdomen less densely punctate than

that of aeneus. L. lC-12 mm.

(Page 395)

In the Q the fore-tarsi only feebly dilated; the abdominal sixth
ventral joint same as in the preceding species with deep acute annu-
late incision.

-108-

(Page 395)
Distributed in iiUrope and Asia, and not rare in Denmark, often
numerous at outflowing tree sap, less numerous at fungi, excrements
and in plant-fertil izer^ compost.

7. Ph. addendus Sharp.

(Sharp. Proc. Ent. Soc. LonJ . V, 1667, 440; :/uls. et Rsy Bre'vip.
1877, 232; Janglb. Kaf. ::.. II, 445).

:;iosely allied to both the preceding species, and like these with
a little angulate tip on the middle of the transversal ridge of the
depressed base of the abdominal second and third free d-orsal Joint.

Jlistening black; elytra with brass- or bronze-lustre, occasional-
ly with greenish reflection, as well as the abdomen with blackish-
brown hair.

The head in the o as broad as, in the Q narrower than pronotum,
rounded off squarely, with coarsely and densely punctate temples; the
antennae rather slender, more slenaer than in aeneus and chalceus,
their outer joints (6-10 scarcely transverse; pronotal sides indis-^
tinctly or very feebly impressed, the number and position of its punc-
tures same as in aeneus; elytra densely end rather finely punctate;
abdomen finely and rather densely punctate, less dense than in aeneus.
L. 10-1? mm.

In the O the fore-tarsi only feebly dilated; abdominal sixth ven-
tral joint at tip with an obtuse angulate incision.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, but everywhere very rare,
possibly often mixed up with one of the two preceding species; here-
tofore it has here only been found at Odense under rotting plants (6.

1896. N. P. J;>rgensen).

-109-

(Pase 395)

8. Ph. carbonarlus Jyllh.

(ayllh. Ins. Suec. II, 319; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 157; Janglb.
Kaf. Ea. II, 445.- tenuicornls Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 237).

From the closely allied, three preceding species it differs main-
ly in, that the transversal rid^e on base of the abdominal second
and third free dorsal joints is rectilinear without the annulate tip
at middle, as in these. Otherwise it mostly resembles chalceus Steph.
(carbonarius Er.)

Black, glistening; head and pronotum with a darkly, feebly green-
ish, the elytra more often with a stronger greenish bronze-reflection;
these together with abdomen finely blackhaired.

Ihe head in the O is hardly as broad as pronotum, in the Q still
narrower, in both the temples are rounded off, and with scattered punc-
tation, and between the eyes with a transversal punctate row of four
punctures, of which the middle punctur«s are placed almost twice as
far from each other as from the side punctures; antennae rather slen-
der, only feebly thickened outwardly, their outer joints (6-lc) scar-
cely transverse; pronotum (viewed from above) slightly narrowing for-
wardly, without distinct impressions on sides, the dorsum with 4 punc-
tures in each dorsal rov,, ---(Page 396) and 4-6 side punctures, the

surface extremely finely transver sally aciculate and in certain direc-
tions feebly irised; elytra with rather dense, the abdomen with liuch
finer, scattered punctation, liie fine transversal ridge of the first
free dorsal joints in the depression on oase rectilinear. L. 5-11 mm.

In the O the abdominal sixth ventral joint at tip obtuse angular-

-IIC-

(Pa^e 396)

ly incised.

Distributed and not rare at menure, decaying plants, in funt^ji,

under leaves and moss, also in alluvium. North and Middle Europe.

9. Ph. atratiis Iravh.

(iJravh. Micr. 21; Lrichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 450; ien Spec. Staph.
439; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 566, '"horns. Skand. Col. II, 158; lluls et Fey
Erevip. 1377, 241; Jan^lb. Kaf. K. II, 446. - luoens Mannh. Brach. 28),

Smaller and narrower than the four preceding', closely allied spe-
cies, recognized particularly by the scattered punctation of the
elytra.

Black, strongly glistening; head and pronotum specular with ore-
like reflection; elytra with greenish or bluish metallic lustre, to-
gether with the abdomen darkly haired.

The head rounded-square. In both sexes narrov.er than pronotum,
between the eyes with a couple of punctures on each side in a trans-
versal rev;, behind the eyes with scattered coarse punctures, and
with more finely punctate temples; antennae rather slender, their next-
last joints hardly transverse; pronotum a little narrower than elytra,
with strongly deflected fore-corners, and posteriorly slightly in-
curved sides, the dorsum with four punctures in each dorsal row, and
with five side-punctures; elytra with rather fine, and peculiarly
scattered punctation; the abdomen finely and not densely punctate,
its first three free dorsal joints at middle of the transversal de-
presplon on base, with a small angulate tip; fore-tarsi in both sex-
es dilated. L. 7-9 mm.

In the O the abdominal sixth ventral joint with obtuse angulate

-111-

(Page 396)
incision at tip.

Distributed in Europe, North Asia and North America, but is rare
in this country; on damp ^jrounri under moss and leaves, also in alluv-
ium at lake shores. The larva is described by J. Schi^dte: Nat. Tids-
skr. 1864-65. 200, and is placed at Zool. Museum, Copenhagen.

10. Ph. decorus ^irevh.

(Jravh. Uicr. 19; Lrichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 451; Gten. Spec. Staph.
442; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 580; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 163; Muls. et Rey
Brevip. 1677, 247; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 447).

Among closely allied species with oval head easily identified
by its size and by the densely shagreened , dull elytra.

Fusiform, black; head and pronotum darkly bronze-colored, modu-
lated silky shine; the elytra lighter bronze-colored, dull, together
with the dully shining abdomen very finely haired; maxillary palpi,
tibiae, and tarsi often browmieh.

(Page 397)

The head is oval, in both sexes narrower than pronotum; the an-
tennae long and slender; pronotum narrowing anteriorly, longer than
broad, y;ith 4 punctures in each dorsal ro;.-, and with 5-6 side-punc*.
tures, its surface and also surface of the head especially finely
shagreened and thereby vrith modelated shine; elytra with rather den-
se and very fine punctation and very densely shagreened; abdomen
with dense and fine punctation; fore-tarsi in both sexes simple.
L. 11-13 mm.

In the O the abdominal sixth ventral joint at tip has an acute
incision with cuticular margins.

■112-

(Pa^e 397)
Distributed in iViddle and North Europe; very frequent every-
where here on damp forest ground under leaves, also at fungi, under
decayed plants and in alluvium.

11. Ph. fuscipennls Mannh.

(Mannh. Brach. 28; Ganglb. Kaf. k. II, 447. - politus Fabr. Syst.
Snt. 266; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 452; ien. Spec. Staph. 443; Kraatz
Ins. E. II, 581; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 162; Muls. et Rey Brevip.
1877, 25C).

Fusiform, closely allied to decorus, but a little smaller, with
somewhat glistening elytra, easily identified by the color of the
antennal first joint.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum polished, these as well as
the elytra darkly ore- or bronze-colored; elytra and abdomen finely
black-haired; untennal first joint yellow on ventral side.

The head is oval, proportionately small, much narrower than pro-
notum, the antennae slender; pronotum anteriorly narrowing, with 4
punctures in each dorsal row and 4-5 side-punctures; elytra with denge,
fine and somewhat scabrous punctation; abdomen v.ith dense and fine
punctation. L. 9-11 mm.

In the (5^ the fore-tarsi are rather strongly dilated, and the ab-
dominal sixth ventral Joint with angulfite incision at tip.

Distributed in Europe and North Asia, and rather common in this
country in open fields at manure, in woods under foliage, and at fun-
gi, at water-edges under alluvium. The larva is found and reared by
Cand. S. Jensen (9. 1895).

-113-

(Page 397)

12. Ph. lucens Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. laik. Br. I, 452; Sen Spec. Staph. 443; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 582; Thorns. Skand. Ins. I, 32; I.'uls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 252,
- Mannerhelml Fauv. 1863; ianglb. Kaf. li. II, 447).

Very closely allied to fuscipennis, but with shorter, more robust,
entirely black antennae, less slender tarsi, and somewhat more ro-
bustly punctated elytra etc.

Black; head and pronotum polished with darkly greenish bronze-
lustre, elytra with feeble, darkish-bronze lustre, together with the
abdomen finely black-haired, abdomen occasionally with feebly change-
able color.

The head is short oval, much narrower than pronotum; the anten-
nae distinctly more robust and shorter than in the preceding species,

and the next-last joints noticeably transverse, pronotum broader, with

(Page 398)

the same number of punctures as in fuscipennis; elytra with dense sca-
brous punctation of modified lustre; abdomen rather densely and fine-
ly punctate. L. 9-11 mm.

In the o^ the fore-tarsi is only very feebly dilated; the abdomi-
nal sixth ventral joint with obtuse-angulate incision at tip.

Distributed in Europe, but very rare in our country; on damp
ground under leaves and moss, also at water-edges in alluvium. (Ama-
ger, Conse, Aalborg at the Fjord, Panders, Taps Narreskov, Turning
at Haderslev) .

13. Ph. varius Jyllh.

(Syllh. Ins. Suec. II, 321; Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 455; Jen. Spec.
Staph. 447; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 583; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 163; Wuls.

■114-

(ra.je 398)
et Rey Brevip. 1877, 255; Jan^lb. Kaf. M. II, 443).

Narrowly fusiform, considerably smaller than the nearest pre-
ceding species; recognized^ inter alia, by very shiny head and prono-
tuia without metallic reflection.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum specular; elytra most often
unicolorous darkly bronze-green, rarely each with a large, red spot
at tip (v. bimaculatus Jravh.) or more extendsively red (v. nitidicol-
lis Boisd.), elytra as well as the abdomen haired; legs pitch-black,
occasionally yellowish-brown (v. picimanus Ken.).

Head oval, considerably narroeer than pronotum; the antennae rath-
er robust and slightly thickened outwardly, their next-last Joints
fully as broad as long; pronotum anteriorly narrow iag, with 4 punc-
tures in each dorsal row, and with 5-6 side-punctures; elytra rather
densely and finely, abdomen lass densely, more finely punctate, its
second and third free dorsal joint often with a small angultite tip at
middle of the transversal impression of the base. L. £-7.5 mm.

In thecrvthe fore-tarsi are strongly dilated, and the abdominal
sixth ventral joint at tip with a rather deep angulate incision v.ith
a membrane at the bottom.

Eistributed in Europe and North Asia, in Denmark it is frequent
in most places; under leaves and moss, at rotten plants and manure,
on neath-land hills often numerous under lichen and heather; v. bi-
maculatus is very rare here (Vejl;z^bugt jfBoye} and singly at Copen-
hagen), in Middle Europe it, and also v. nitidlcollls are less rare,
also found in Skaane (Jrill).

-115-

(Page 398)

14. Ph. jaargioatus Miill.

(O.F. Miiller Fauna Fridr. 23; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 4E3; Jen.
Spec. Staph. 444; Kraatz Ins. T). II, 587; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 163;
l;'uls. et Rey Br^vip. 1677, 266; Sanglb, Kaf. M. II. 443).

Feebly fusiform and elongate, easily identified inter alia, by the
yellovvieh-red sides of pronotum.

Black, glistening; head and pronojum polished; pronotal sides
broadly yellowish-red; elytra grayish dully-black, v\ith rather dense

bronze-lustrous hair, (Page 399) the abdomen with more

sparse brownish hair; antennal first joint on ventral side, base of
maxillary palpi, and legs with coxae reddish-yellow.

The head is oval, much narrower than pronotum; antennae long and
slender, their next-last Joints longer than broad; pronotum anterior-
ly narrowing, fully as long as broad, with 4 punctures in each dor-
sal row, and with 4-5 side-punctures; elytra somewhat longer than
pronotum, rather finely and densely punctate, abdomen more finely but
less densely punctate, its second and third free dorsal Joint with a
small angulate tip at middle of the basal transversal impression; the
fore-tarsi in both sexes dilated, and the claw-Joint thickened. L.
8-10 mm.

In the o the abdominal sixth ventral Joint with an angulate in-
cision at tip.

Distributed and especially in wooded regions not rare at manure,

carrion, and rotten plants. :'orth and Middle Europe.

15. Ph. lepidus Jravh.

(iravh. Micr. 31; Erichs. Kaf. Iv'k. Br. I, 457; Jen. Spec. Staph.
45C; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 568; Thorns. Skand. Col. II. 1^3; Lluls. et Fey
Brevip. 1677, 269; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 449).

-116-

(Page 399)

A wingless, narrowly fusiform species, easily identified within
the second series by the color of the short elytra and the legs.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum specular; elytra yellowish-
red, very rarely dark with bronze-reflection, these and the abdomen
finely haired; antennal base, and the legs reddish-yellow, maxillary
palpi brownish.

Head oblong, much narrower than pronotum, antennae feebly thick-
ened outwardlj', their next-last joints scarsely transverse; pronotum
anteriorly distinctly narrowing, with 4 punctures in each dorsal row,
and with 4-5 side-punctures; elytra shorter than pronotum, with fine
and dense punctation; the abdomen anteriorly with fine and dense, the
last two-three dorsal ^oints with scattered punctation. L. 6-7 mm.

In the d^the fore-tarsi are rather strongly dilated, and the ab-
dominal sixth ventral joint at tip with a rather deep angulate inci-
sion with membranous border.

On high sandy ground at root of plants and under moss, but also
on sandy lake-shores, distributed in North and Middle Europe, in this
country it is rare and local. (Skagen, Hvorup Hills north of Aalborg,
Sllkeborg; Fefsnaes and Nyk^bing Lyn^ , Tisvilde, Bromme, Sor;^, at Tiis
Lake, and several other places}. The variety with dark, bronze-glisten-
ing elytra (v. :^ilvipes Er.) is apparently heretofore not found here.

16. Ph. nitidulus iravh.

(:;ravh. Micr. 27; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 457; ien. Spec. Staph.
45C; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 589; Thorns. Skand. Col, 11. 167; Muls. et Pey
Br^vip. 1877, 389; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 449).

-117-

(Paje 399)

A comparatively small, narrov; species, windless, identified es-
pecially by short, robustly punctate elytra.

(Page 4C0)

Black, glistening; head and pronotum specular; elytra occasion-
ally with feeble metallic lustre, these as well as the abdomen sparse-
ly haired; antennae and mouth-parts darkly reddish-brown; the legs
yellowish-red or brownish-yellow.

The head is oblong, with rather small eyes ana longer temples;
antennae proportionally robust, their next-last Joints transverse;
pronotum anteriorly narrowing, longer than broad, with 4 punctures
in each dorsal row, and with 5 side-punctures, the punctures fine;
elytra shorter than pronotum, with robust but not dense punctation;
abdomen proportionately thick, often broader than the elytra, with
fine, and especially to the back scattered punctation; fore-tarsi in
both sexes simple. L. 4-5 mm.

In the ^ the abdominal sixth ventral joint at tip broadly but not
deeply": emargina-te*

Distributed, but local and rare; on sandy ground, in downs at

the root of plants growing in the sand, in gravel and sand pits.

(ilarlum Hedia soutri of lender, leobestrup Hills at Panders, Lindum

Forest, Nibe; at liis Lake and Vejl/>bugt). Occasionally it is also

found with the black ant (Thorns.). North and Middle Europe.

17. Ph. albipes -Jravh.

(jravh. Micr. 28; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 457; Jen. Spec. Staph.
449; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 585; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 163; J.'uls. et V.»-j
Br^vip. 1877, 271; Janglb. Kaf. !/.. II, 449).

-118-

(Page 400)

Narrowly fusiform, among closely allied species with proporti-
onately short hind-tarsal joint, recognized also by the narrow, ob-
long head, and anteriorlj distinctly narrov.ed pronotum.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum polished, the latter in cer-
tain directions with brownish changeable color; elytra occasionally
pitch-brovin, these as v<ell as the abdomen with grayish-brown hair;
antennal base and mouth brownish; legs reddish-yellow with brov;nish
tibiae and tarsi, sometimes entirely pitch-brown (v. alpinus Spph.)-

The head is small, oblong oval, much narrower than pronotum; the
punctures of the transversal punctate row of the forehead fine, and
the two middle ones much farther removed from each other than from
the outer punctures at inner margin of the eye; the antennae scarcely
thickened outwardly, their next-last joints as long as broad; pro-
notum anteriorly distinctly narrowed, as long as broad, with 4 punc-
tures in «ach dorsal row, and with 4-5 side-punctures; elytra as long
as pronotum, with dense and rather fine punctation, abdomen with less
dense, but finer punctation; first joint of hind-tarsi thickened some-
what, shorter than the following three joints together, only a little
longer than the claw-joint. L. 5-6 mm.

In the 5^ the fore-tarsi are feebly dilated, and the abdominal
sixth ventral joint with broadly angulate incision.

Distributed in Europe and North Asia; in this country as a whole
rather rare, mostly in alluvium at lake shores and on the beach, how-
ever also in plant-fertilizer. Ihe larva is found and reared by Cand
'V. Schlick. (19. P. 97).

-119-

(Paje 401)

18. Ph. fimetarius Jravh.

(iravh. Micr. 175; Erichs. Keif. Mk. Br. I, 46C ; ^en. Spec. Staph.
456; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 592; Thorns Skand. Gol. II, 15^^; J^'uls. et Fey
Br^vip. 1877, 286; janslb. Kaf. I.:. II, 450).

Of rather even breadth; amon^j closely allied species v.ith short
first hind-tarsal joint recognized^-inter olia^-by the position of
the punctures in the transversal punctate row of the forehead.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum polished; elytra \Mith green-
ish bronze-lustre; legs brownish-yellow. The elytral suture, and the
posterior margins of the abdominal Joints occasionally reddish-brown.

The head is oblong square, in the <y fully as broad as pronotum,
in then a little narrov\er than this, in both with a flat impression
at middle between the eyes, and with a transversal punctate row, in
which the two middle punctures are placed much farther from each other
than from the outer punctures at inner margin of the eye, and are
placed obliquely in front of these; antennae rather slender, their
next-last joints hardly transverse. Pronotum of even breadth, longer
than broad, somewhat narrower than the elytra, vjith 4 punctures in
each dorsal row, and with 5 side-punctures, the punctures large and
deep; elytra a little longer than pronotum, with rither coarse, but
not dense punctation; abdomen with fine and scattered punctation;
the hind-tarsal first joint shorter than the following three joints
together, scarcely as long as the claw- joint; fore-tarsi in both sex-
es simple. L. 6~7 mm.

In the O the abdominal sixth ventral joint is at tip feebly emar-
ginate.

-12C-

(Page 4C1)
Common everywhere in Europe, also in our country, at manure, de-
caying fungi and other plants. Specimens with 5 punctures in the
pronotal dorsal rows occur.

19. Ph. umbratilie .Jravh.

(Jrach. Micr. 170; Eriohs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 454; vien. Spec. Staph.
445; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 583; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 153; Muls. et Pey
Brevip. 1877, 276; Janglb. Kaf. I.I. II, 450. - subfuscus iyllh. Ins.
Sueo. II, 326).

Of rather even breadth, most often larger than fimetarius, and
more robust; among closely allied spe-cies recognized by proportionate-
ly large eyes, somewhat longer than the temples.

Black, glistening; bead and pronotum polished; elytra black with
feeble bronze-lustre, sometimes brov.nish-black, these and the abdom-
en v<ith TtxJCiu rather fine and long hair ;maxillary palpi, and often al-
so the antennal base pitch-brown, legs yellowi sh-oroi\n.

The head rounded-off s luare , in the eras broad as, in the 9 a. litt-
le narrower than pronotum, with oval, not protruding eyes, VJhich arc
somewhat longer than the temples; the punctires in the transversal
row of forehead large, broadly separated in pairs; antennae slender,
their next-last joints as long as broad; pronotum as long as broad,
not narrowing anteriorly, somev.'hat narrower than elytra, with 4 punc-
tures in each dorsal row and with 5 side-punctures, the punctures
large and robust; elytra fully as long as pronotum, with rather fine
and dense punctation, more distinct and dense than in the abdomen;

(Page 402)
the hind-tarsal first Joint scarcely as long as the three following

-121-

(Paje 402)
joints together, as lon^ as the claw-Joint. L. 7-8 mm.

In the O^the fore-tarsi are strongly dilated, and its sixth ven-
tral joint has at tip a deep angulate incision with a membranous bor-
der at the bottom.

Distributed in Europe; it is here not common ev<irywhere, mainly
distributed on damp ground under leaves, moss and in alluvium, at
times it is also found ot outflowing tree-sap.
■20. Ph. cephalotes 5ravh.

(:Jravh. Micr. 22; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 45£ ; icn Spec. Staph.
455; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 592; Thorns. Skand Ool . II, 15S; Wuls et Pey.
Brevip. 1877, 283; langlb. Kaf. 11. II, 450).

Father of even breadth, in regard to the closely allied species
inter alia_, recognized by the position of the punctures in the trans-
versal row of the head, with rather coarsely punctated elytra, and
by the often peculiarly broad head of the (CY - — - me-acephalus Heer).

Black, glistening'; head and pronotum polished; elytra bronze-glis-
tening, these and the abdomen with rather long and fine grayish-brown
hair; maxillary palpi, and the legs pitch-brovn or reddish-brown;
the antennae and posterior marjins of the abdominal joints often brown-
ish.

The head in the p and in small OO roundid-off square and about as
broad as pronotum, in robust CO broadly s-juare, and distinctly broader
than pronotum, as a rule with an impression on forehead at middle
between the eyes; the eyes are shorter than the temples; the middle
punctures in the transversal punctate row are placed only a little
farther from each other than from the outer punctures; antennas rather

•122-

(Page 40?.)
slender, their next-last joints feebly transverse; pronotum amply
as long as broad, not narrowing anteriorly, somewhat narrower than
•lytra, with 4 punctures in each dorsal row, and with £ side-punc-^
tures, all punctures rather robust; elytra a little lon^jer than pro-
notum, with rather coarse and dense punctation; the abdomen with fi-
ne and rather dense punctation; first joint of hind-tarsi shorter
than the three middle joints together, about as lon^; as the cla\v-joint.
L. 7-9 mm.

Fore-tarsi in both" sexes simple; the abdominal sixth ventral joint
in the O with a rather deep angulate incision.

Elstributed in Europe, also in I'orth America, not rare in this
country, at manure, decaying fungi and other plants, often in dunghills
for plants, - feompost.

21. Ph. sordidus iravh.

(iravh. iV.icr. 176; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 459; ien. Spec. Staph.
456; Kraatz Ine. D. II, 591; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 159; Muls. et Fey
Bre'vip. 1877, 29C ; Jang lb. Kaf. M. II, 451).

Smaller than cephalotes, and with the punctation oi' elytra more
scattered and coarse; from the closely allied f imetarius it is sep-
arated namely by the more square head, by the position of the punc-
tures in the transversal row of the forehead, also by the much coai s-
er punctation of the elytra. --(Page 4C3)

Black, head and pronotum polished; elytra with bronze-lustre,
occasionally brownish, thesa and abdomen haired; legs and maxillary
palpi brown, sometimes the legs are blackish-brcwn or yellowish-brown.

-123-

(Pa^e 403)

The head is rounded off square, in the q as broad as pronotura, in
the jO a little narrovyer than this; the punctures in the transversal
punctate rov; of the forehead are placed with an e4ual space between
each other; the eyes are shorter than the temples; the antennae rather
short, their next-last five joints are feebly transverse; pronotum a
little narrower than elytra, as long as broad, v.ith 4 punctures in
each dorsal rov., and with 5 side-punctures, all punctures robust and
deep; elytra scarsely longer than pronotum, with coarse and scattered
punctation; the abdomen v.ith fine and not dense punctation; first Joint
of hind tarsi shorter than the three middle Joints to:5ether, as long
as the claw-Joint. L. 5-6 mm.

Ihe fore-tarsi in the O , as well as in the Q, simple; the abdom-
inal sixth ventral joint in the O emarginate.

Distributed everyvhere in Europe, ."'orth Asia, and ?:orth America;

in this country frequent at manure, decaying fungi and other plants,

in plant dunghills and under leaves.

22. Ph. fuscus CJravh.

(Sravh. Micr. 29; Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 461; ien. Spec. Staph.
457; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 593; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 159; Muls. et Rey
Brevip. 1877, 296; ^anglb. Kaf. U. II, 451).

Among closely allied species easily recognized by the color.

Pitch-black or pitch-brown, glistening; head and pronotum polished;
elytra and abdomen rather finely haired; the heaa most often entirely
black; pronotum pitch-brown and posteriorly more or less widely brown-
ish yellowish-red, in light colored specimens entirely yellowish-red

-124-

(Pa^e 403)
with a pitch-brown spot on the middle anteriorly; the elytre brov.n-
ish red; abdominal tip, mouth, antennae and legs yellowish-red.

The head Is rounded-square, in the p a little narrower, in robust
qO a little broader than pronotum; the ayes shorter than the temples;
the punctures in the transversal punctate row of fore-head of e^ual
distance from each other; antennae rather short and robust, their mid-
dle and next-last joint distinctly transverse; pronotum as long as broad,
a little narrower than the elytra, and only feebly narrowing anterior-
ly, with four punctures in each dorsal rov. and vjith 5 side-punctures,
all punctures rather fine; elytra fully as long as pronotum, with rath-
er fine and dense punctation; the abdomen with fine and rather dense
punctation; first joint of hind-tarsi shorter than the following three
joints together, as long as the distal joint. L. 5-7 mm.

The fore-tarsi in the O are not dilated; abdominal sixth ventral
joint at tip slightly emarginate.

Distributed in various parts of the country, but rare and local.
It lives mainly in hollow trees in the crumblings, in waste from birds'

nests and mouse-nests, (Page 404) in tunnels and gnaw-

ings of the larva of Gossus, it is more rarely encountered in wasps'
nests (Iljb'rring, Aalborg, Kolding; Bogfiaes, ^bjerggaard, vicinity of
Copenhagen, Hiller>^d and several other places). Its main home is Mid-
dle Europe, but it is also found in Skaane, and I.'liddle Sweden, not
found in Norway.

3rd Series. Pronotum v^ith 5 Punctures in each Dorsal Kow.

-12£

(Page 404)

S3. Ph. eber.inus jravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 170 i Erichs. ien. Spec. Staph. 461, ex parte; Kraatz
Ins. D. II, 5S6, ex parte; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 159; Muls. et Pay Bre-
vlp. 1877, 3C1; ^anglb. Kef. K. II, 451. - varians Erichs. Kaf. Mk.
Br. I. 461).

Of rather ever breadth (3*) or feebly fusiform (O), among the fol-
loving most closely allied species particularly recognizable by the
color of elytra, the angulate tip of the first free abdominal joint?,
and the elongate first Joint of the hind tarsi.

Black, glistening; head ana pronotum polished; the elytra black
with bronze reflection, these together with the abdomen finely hair-
ed; the legs are occasionally reddish-brown.

The head is rounded-off-square, in the o as broad as pronotum,
in the Q narrower than seme; the eyes shorter than the temples; an-
tennae scarcely thickened outwardly (distally), their middle and next-
last Joints most often feebly transverse; pronotum as long as broad,
a little narrov<er than the elytra, forv.ardly not, or only in the ^
feebly narrowing, with 5 rather robust punctures in each dorsal rov. ,
and with 5 side-punotures, of "Ahich the two hindmost are placed al-
most parallel v.ith the dorsal rov. (especially in the Q); elytra as
long as pronotum, with rather robust and dense punctation; abdomen
with rather fine and dense punctation, its second and third free
dorsal joints at middle of the impression on base v ith a small angu-
late tip, which often is feeble, but still noticeable; the fore-tibiae
strongly spiniferous; first Joint of hind-tarsi distinctly longer than
the claw-joint. L. 7-8.5 mm.

•126-

(Pa^e 404)
In the ^the fore-tarsi are strongly dilated, in the Q feebly;
the ebdominal sixth ventral joint in the O at tip with a rather deep,
angulate Incision with a membranous border at bottom.

Distributed in Europe and North Asia, and everyvvhere in this coun-
try rather common at manure, carrion and under decaying plants. It
is not rsre in this species to find specimens v.ith only 4 punctures
in one of the punctate rows of pronotum.

24. Ph. corUECUs irach.

(:iravh. Micr. ?Z; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I. 463; Jen. Spec. Staph.
4E5; Muls. et Pey Bre'vip. 1877, 3C3; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 453. -
ebeninus var. coruscus Kraatz Ins. B. II, &^7) .

From ebeninus, which it in all mainly resembles, and to which it
therefore often is ascribed as a variety, it differs only in that the
elytra are red. L. 7-8 mm.

(Page 405)

Distributed in Europe, but in this country rather rare, apparent-
ly more frequent in southern Sjaelland and the small islands than
in Jutland; at Vejl.i^bugt it v.as on one occasion taken in numbers, but
it usually occurs only singly. (Aalborg; Tommerup; Hilleryd and sever-
al other places). At carrion and rotten plants. In Sweden, Norway and
Finland it is, to my knowledge, not found.

25. Ph. Goncinnus Jravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 21; J.^uls. et Fey Br^vip. 1877, 305; ianglb. Kaf. M.
II, 452. - varians Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 159. - ebeninus v. minor
3richs. ^en. Spec. Staph.; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 597).

It is ordinarily somewhat smaller than ebeninus and presumably

.127-

(Pas© 405)
^ariety of this species, from which It as a whole only differs in,
that the next-last three „oints of the antennae are distinctly trans-
verse, and that the transversal ridge on base of the abdominal second
and third free dorsal Joints is liniar v<ithout angulate tip at middle.
L. 5-7 mm.

Listributed like ebeninus and it is common here at manure, carrion
and under rotten plants. One form with brownish-yellow legs, ab. ochre-
pus jravh., is i^ere.

26. Ph. Gorvinue Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Ilk. Br. I, 462; ien. Spec. Staph. 462; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 599; Thorns. Skand. Ool. II, 160; ianglb. Kaf. U. II, 452).

In appearance especially like concinnus, from which it mainly dif-
fers in, that the first Joint of hind tarsi is distinctly shorter,
only of equal length with the claw-joint.

Entirely black or the fore-tarsi alone brownish; head and prono-
tum polished; elytra without metal reflection, elytra and abdomen
glistening and black-haired.

The head is rounded-s-iuare , in the Q about as broad as pronotum,
in robust do a little broader than this; the middle punctures in the
transversal punctate row of the forehead are closer together than in
concinnus, and are rather robust; antennae rather slender, their next-
last Joints as lon^ as broad; pronotum anteriorly scarcely narrowed,
somewhat narrower than elytra, as long as broad, with 5 punctures in
each dorsal row, iand with 5 side-punctures, cf which the two hindmost
are placed more oblio^uely toward the dorsal row than in ebenius and

-128--

(Page 4C5)
concinnus. The elytra are rather finely and dense.ly punctate; the
abdomen with fine and rather dense punctation, more dense than in
concinnus. transversal rid^e on base of the second and third free
dorsal joint liniar without angulate tip on middle; fore-tibiae spar-
sely and finely spiniferous, hind-tarsi shorter than in the closest
preceding species, their first joint shorter than the three follow-
ing joints together, as Ion,; as the claw-joint. L. 7-8 nun.

In the O the fore-tarsi are strongly dilated, and the abdominal
sixth ventral joint at tip with a triangular incision, the fifth ob-
tusely gffiarglnate.

(Page 406)

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, but everywhere, also in

this country very rare. It lives on very damp moorland ground, in

water-moss, in old peat holes, in the mos^ at springs at the outflow

and like places. ("F.avn-Kilde •* at Paebild Bakker v.est of Sk/rping;

Sot/, Hiller^d; Pydnne).

27. Ph. immundus ^yllh.

(.Jyllh. Ins. Suec. II, 237; Erichs. den. Spec. Staph. 479; 5anglb.
Kaf. M. II, 453. - fumigatus Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 463; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 5£9; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 161; t/iuls. et Fey Br^vlp. 1B77, 31.'!)

Very closely allied to ebeninus and concinnus, but the fore-tibiae
not spiniferous, abdomen more finely punctate and the lege ordinarily
of lighter color.

Black, head and pronotum polished; elytra and abdomen glistening
and finely haired, elytra with feeble ore- or bronze-reflection; legs
brown, fore-tibiae and tarsi most often yellowish brovn.

-129-

(Page 406)

Ihe head is rounded-square, in the p narrower than pronotum, in
the <:?' about as broad as pronotum; eyes shorter than temples; antennae
rather slender, their next-last joints scarcely transverse; pronotum
somewhat narrower than elytra, anteriorly scarcely narrovjing, as lonj
as broad, with 5 punctures in each dorsal row, and v.ith 5 side-punc-
tures, of v.hich the tv.o hindmost in lin* are obli-^ue to the dorsal
row; elytra as long as pronotum, vith rather fire and dense punctatlon ;
more dense than in ebenius and concinnus; fore-tibiae not spiniferous
fore-tarsi in both sexes strongly dilated, first Joint of hind-tarsi
elongated and much longer than the claw-joint. L. 7-8 mm.

In the o the abdominal sixth ventral joint v.ith a deep; acute in-
cision at tip; fore-tarsi are somewhat more strongly dilated than in

EistributeJ in Europe; in this country rather rare and local, on

damp ground, .especially at the beach in alluvium. (Aalbaek; at Vejl^-

bugt and several places in south bjaelland; Nyk^bing F. , iedser.

Knuthenborg) .

28. Ph. debilis CJravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 3E; Erichs. Kaf. Kk. Br. I, 467; Jen. Spec. Staph.
47?!; Kraatz Ins. C. II, 604; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 149; Muls. at Pey
Er(^vip. 1877, 317; Janglb. Kaf. K. II, 453).

A smaller species of rather even breadth, most often with brownish
elytra and light colored le^s, furthermore recognizable by rather small
eyes and sparsely spiniferous fore-tibiae.

Black, head and pronotum polished, the latter occasionally brown-

-130-

(Pas-e 406)
ish; elytra and abdomen glistening and finely haired, elytra vithout
metallic reflection, these and the posterior margins of the abdominal
joints most often brownish; antennal first joints and the legs yellow-
ish-brown.

The head is rounded-square, a little narrower than pronotum, with
rather small eyes and longer temples; the antennal next-last joints

somewhat broader than long; pronotum a little narrower than elytra,

(Page 407)
anteriorly feebly narrowed, with 5 rather fine punctures in each dor-
sal row, and with 5 side-punctures, of which two are in line oblique-
ly to the dorsal row; elytra fully as long as pronotum, with rather
fine and dense punctation; abdomen with finer and denser punctation;
fore-tibiae with only a few spines; fore-tarsi in both sexes dilated,
but most strongly in the ^ ; hind tarsal first joint longer than the
claw-joint. L. 4-5.5 mm.

In the (5'the abdominal sixth ventral joint at tip with a deep and
acutely angulate incision.

Distributed in the entire country, and in most places not rare,

especially in compost in larger gardens, also at fungi, and under

decaying plants. Europe, North Asia and North America.

29. Ph. san.rMiinolentus Jravh.

(iravh. t/icr. 36; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 464; ien. Spec. Staph.
467; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 600; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 161; h^uls. et
Pey Br^vip. 1877, 320; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 452).

Among the closest following, nearest allied species recognized

especially by the much larger and broader head, and by the extremely

-131-

(Page 4C7)
fine and dense punctation of the abdomeni the body anteriorly less
narrowed.

Black, head and pronotum polished; elytra glistening, with rather
dense, grayish-brown hair, a mutual spot at the suture and an oblong,
more or less exstensive spot under the humeri red; abdomen with ex-
tremely fine and dense grayish-brov-n hair, this produslng a silky
dull shine; fore-coxae reddish-yellov. ; legs blackish-brown, though
often with lighter tibiae and tarsi. Occasionally the red spots on el-
ytra are confluent (var. contaminatus Jravh.), more rarely the elytra
are entirely black (var. unicolor Seidl.).

The head is rounded-square, hardly as broad as pronotum, with
proportionately large eyes and short temples; the antennae slender,
their next-last joints longer than broad; pronotum a little narrow-
er than elytra, as long as broad, enteriorly scarcely narrov/ing, with
5 punctures in each dorsal row, and with 5 side-punctures, of which
tv.D are placed in line almost parallel with the dorsal row; elytra ful-
ly as long as pronotum, rather finely and densely punctate; abdomen
with extremely fine and dense punctation; fore-tibiae sparsely spini-
ferous; fore-tarsi in both sexes dilated, but most strongly in the O ;
first joint of the hind-tarsi longer than the claw-joint. L. 7-5 mm.

In the O the abdominal sixth ventral joint at tip with a deep,
acute incision with a membranous border at the bottom.

Distributed in Europe and not rare in this country at manure,
carrion and rotting plants, often also in elluvium and on beaches

-132-

(Pass 407)
under seaweed. The larva is found at Eamhusmosen, Copenhagen, in de-
caying plant fragments, and reared (".'. Schlick, 6. 1397).

(Page 408)
30. Ph. longlcornis Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V, 237; Sanglb. Kaf. M. II, 454. - scybalarius
rJordm. , Kraatz Ins. D. II, 601; Thorns. Skand. Col. II. 164; Iviuls. et
Key Brevip. 1877, 228. - varians var. b. Erichs. }en. Spec. Staph. 470 ) ,

Very closely allied to varians Payk. and in appearance very much
like this species' variety unicolor v;ith entirely black elytra, but most
often hovever somewhat larger and more flat, v\ith larger head, more
robustly punctate elytra and more finely punctate abdomen, further-
more recognized by the color of first antennal joint.

Black, head and pronotum polished; elytra and abdomen v;ith fine,
grayish-brovm hair, glistening, abdomen most often v.ith metallic blu-
ish reflection; antennal first Joints on ventral side, fore-coxae and
often also all femora or at least the four anterior ones brownish-
yellov«.

Head oblong, narrower thin pronotum, v^ith rather large eyes and
short temples; antennae slender, their five next-last joints longer
thun broad; pronotum narrower than elytra, as long as broad, anteri-
orly distinctly narrov.ing, v.ith five punctures in each dorsal row,
and with 5 side-punctures, of which two in line are parallel with the
dorsal row; elytra fully as long as the pronotum, with rather fine and
dense, feebly scabrous punctation; fore-tarsi in both sexes dilated^,
strongly in the©, more feebly in the Q ; first joint of hind tarsi

-133-

(Page 408)
considerably longer than »ha«- the claw-joint. L. 7-8 mm.

In the d^the abdominal sixth ventral Joint with an obtuse annu-
late incision at tip.

Distributed in all continents; in our country mostly on high
ground, and frequently at manure, decaying plants and carrion.

31. Ph. cruentatus imel.

(Jmelin, Linn. Syst. Ed. 13, 2C35; Uuls. et Pey Brevip. 1877, 325;
Janglb. Kaf. I.'i. II, 454. - bipustulatus Panz. Faun. Ins. 5erra. 27;
Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 465; ^en. Spec. Staph. 463; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
601; Ihoms. Skand. Col. II, 164).

Most often somewhat larger and broader than the closely allied
varians and v.ith somewhat larger head, furthermore deviating from this
and from longicornis by the color of elytra, and most often darker
fore-coxae.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum polished; elytra with a lar-
ge, blood-red spot in toward the corner of suture, elytra and abdomen
black-haired; fore-coxae and legs most often black, or the former on
inner side yellowish-brown.

Head short and oval, with F-omewhat larger eyes than in varians,
and with shorter, less flat temples; antennal next-last joints about
as broad as long; pronotum as long as broad, anteriorly narrowed with
5 punctures in each dorsal row, and with 5 side-punctures, of which
two in line are parallel with the dorsal row; elytra with dense and
rather fine, abdomen with less dense and finer punctation; fore-tar-
si, hind-tarsi, and sex-characters ofo ^ame as in varians. L. 6-7 mm.

Distributed in Europe and North Asia; everywhere here rather com-

-134-

(Pa.je 408)
mon at manure, rotting plants and carrion, on heathland hills under
lichen and moss, on beaches under seav^eed.

(Page 409)

32. Ph. varians Payk.

(Payk. Mon. Staph. 45; Erichs. ;en. Spec. Staph. 470; Kraatz Ins.
E. II, e02; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 331; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 454.
- opacus ryllh. Ins. Suec. II, 340; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 465;
Thorns. Skand. Ool. II, 164).

A rather narrow, fusiform specios with remarkable small head,
rather small eyes, light colored fore-coxae, and elytra with some-
what dully shining, changeable color.

Black, head and pronotum polished; elytra with dense blackish-
brown hair, thereby with somewhat dull shine, most often with a more
or less distinct, from humerus downward and obliquely inwardly direct-
ed brownish-red longitudinal spot, which however not infrequently dis-
appears entirely, in such case the elytra are unicolorous black (var.
unicolor Steph.); abdomen glistening, finely haired; fore-coxae, es-
pecially on inner side, yellowish-brown; legs pitch-brown.

The head is remarkably small, much narrower than pronotum, nar-
rowly oval, with rather small eyes, and a little longer temples; an-
tennae slender, their miadle- and next-last joints longer than broad;
pronotum anteriorly rather strongly narrovang, as long as broad, with
5 punctures in each dorsal row, and with 5 side-punctures, of which
two in line are parallel with the dorsal row; elytra densely and rath-
er finely punctate, abdomen rather finely, and to the fore densely,
toward the tip lees densely punctate; fore-tarsi in the O feebly, in

-135-

(Page 40P)
the (T strongly dilated, first Joint or hind tarsi lon^^er than the
claw-joint. L. 5-7 mm.

In the Cj the abdominal sixth ventral joint at tip acutely and
deeply emarginats.

Distributed in Europe and Asia, and everywhere, also in this coun-
try common under plant-matter, at manure and carrion, on heath-land
hills under heather and lichen, on beaches and at lake shores under
alluvium. ihe larva is found in cow-manure and reared ('". Schlick.
15. 9. 18C4).

33. Ph. a.^ilis Jravh.

(Jravh. L5on. 77} Kraatz Ins. D. II, 603; Thorns. Skand. Gol.II,
165; Kuls. et Fey Brevip. 1877, 334; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 454. -
opacus var. d. Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 466).

Especially closely allied to, and perhaps only a form of varians.
with which it corresponds in form of body, smallness of head, color
of the fore-coxae, and sex-characters of theO^etc. It deviates in
the following characteristics:

Elytra are black or blackish-brown, often with feeble bronze-re-
flexion, their posterior margin narrowly or occasionally more wide-
ly reddish-brown; antennae shorter and more robust, their middle and
next-last joints feebly transverse, eyes as long as the temples; el-
ytra less densely punctate. It is ordinarily somewhat smaller than
varians, and also narrower. L. 5-6 mm.

Distributed in Europe and Asia. It is seemingly rare in this

country or even very rare, and is found mainly on marshy and damp

forest ground under moss and leaves, also in alluvium. (Aalborj, 3il-

keborg; Boserup, Lamhusmosen and several other places).

-136-

(Pa^e 41C)

34. Ph. discoideus Iravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 38; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 469; Jen. Spac. Staph.
474; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 505; Thorns. Skand. Gol . II, 160; Liuls. et
Fey Br^vip. 1877, 341; (Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 455).

Easily identified by the rather short first joint of hind tarsi,
the color of elytra, and form of the head.

Black, pitch-black or pitch-brown, glistening; head and pronotuo?
polished; elytra and abdomen with greyish-brown hair, elytral suture,
and sides, also posterior margins of the abdominal ventral Joints red-
dish or brownish yellow; antennae, moath-parts and legs reddish-yellow.

Of rather even breadth;' the head in o almost square with nearly
rectangular temple-corners, as broad as pronotum, in the Q a little
narrower. The eyes as long as teraplec;. antennae rather short, their
middle and next-last joints transverse; pronotum as long as broad,
nearly as broad as elytra, anteriorly hardly narrowing, with 5 punc-
tures in each dorsal rov.-, and with 5 side-punctures, of which t«o in
line are obli:iue to the dorsal row; elytra with rather robust and den-
se,,the abdomen with fine and less dense punctation; first Joint of
hind tarsi a little longer than the claw-Joint, but a little shorter
than the three middls joints together. L. 5 mm.

In the o the fore-tarsi are dilated and the abdominal sixth ven-
tral joint at tip slightly pmarginate.

Distributed in all continents; here it is rare or local; mainly
found at manure-benches, in compost, in waste at hothouses, and baker-
ies and like places; rarely in elluvium (v. Madum S^ G. 1891, Auth.)

-137-

(Page 410)

35. Ph. ventralis ^ravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 174; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 468; Jen. Sroc. Staph.
473; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 6C5; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 160; Liuls. et '?ey
Brevip. 1877, 337; 3anglb. Kaf. M. II, 45 5).

Of rather even breadth, of appearance much like debilis, but or-
dinarily a little larger and more robust, with broader head, more ro-
Dust punctures in the pronotal punctate rov.s, less finely punctated
elytra, and v.dth shorter first Joints of hind tarsi.

Black or pitch-black, glistening; head and pronotum polished; aisri
ytra and abdomen with sparse grayish-brown hair; pronotum, elytra and
posterior margins of the abdominal joints most often brownish; anten-
nal first Joints, mouth-parts, and the legs, also fore- and middle-
coxae reddish or brovinish yellow.

The head is rounded-square; eyes as long as temples, larger than
in debilis; antennae rather robust, their middle and next-last joints
transverse; pronotum as long as broad, only feebly narrowing posteri-
orly, and only a little narrower than elytra, with 5 robust punctures
in each dorsal row, and with 5 side-punctures, of which two in line
are parallel with the dorsal row; elytra a little longer than pronotum,

with rather coarse, (P^ige 411) but not dense punctation;

abdomen with fine, anteriorly rather dense, posteriorly more scatter-
ed punctation; fore-tibiae more distinctly spinlferous than in debilis.
fore-tarsi in the O simple; first joint of hind tarsi as long as the
vlaw-joint. L. 6 mm.

In the o" the head is larger and more transverse than in the O ,
as broad as pronotum, fore-tarsi feebly dilated, and the abdominal

•138-

(Page 411)
sixth ventral Joint at tip feebly emarginate.

In compost and on damp ground under leaves and in alluvium; dis-
tributed in our entire country, but rather rare or somwwhat local.
Europe, Asia and America.

36. Ph. 4uis:^uiliarius ^yllh.

(Jyllh. Ins. Succ. II, 335; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 469; Jen.
Spec. Staph,. 475; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 6C7; Thorns. Skand. Gol. 11, 160;
Muls. et Pey Brevip. 1877, 348; Janglb. Kaf. l'.. II, 455).

Rather slender and of even breadth; among the closely allied spe-
cies recognized mainly by the color of elytra, though this varies.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum specular, pronotum most oft-
en brownish iredescent; elytra either black v.ith greenish metallic
reflection, or their posterior halves red, or they are predominating-
ly red, and only narrov»ly black at base; elytra and abdomen finely
haired; antennal first joint, and the legs brownish or reddish yellow.

The head is rounded, narrower than pronotum; eyes about as long
as temples; antennae rather slender, their next-last joints hardly
transverse; pronotum narrower than elytra, anteriorly scarcely nar-
rowed, with 5 rather robust punctures in each dorsal row, and with
5-6 side-punctures, of which two in line are oblique to the dorsal
row; elytra longer than pronotum, with rather fine and dense punc-
tation, abdomen with much finer and somewhat denser punctation; fore-
tibiae spiniferous, first joint of hind tarsi as long as the claw-
joint. L. 6-7 mm.

In the O the fore-tarsi are strongly dilated, abdominal sixth

-139-

(Paij« 411)
ventral joint with rather deep angulate incision.

Distributed in most continents, but here in Denmark rare or lo-
cal; in ditches and clay-pits on damp ground under plants, at lake
shores in alluvium, under stones and like places. Ihe variety with
red or half red elytra (inguinatus Steph., rubidus Er.) is in this
country seemingly not rarer than the typical form with blackish-
green elytra. Both forms are ordinarily found together.

4th Series: Pronotum with 6 Punctures in each Dorsal Row.

37. Ph. fumarius iravh.

(Jravh. Iv^on. 67; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 472; ien. Spec. Staph.
482; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 610; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, IhA; iluls. e't Pey
Brevip. 1877, 354; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 456).

A rather large, slender fusiform species, among the closest al-
lied within 4th series, recognized mainly by the color of elytra and
the legs. (Page 412)

Black, glistening; head and pronotum polished, pronotum in certain
directions with a fine, silky iridescent reflection; elytra darkly
greenish with bronze-lustre, these and abdomen with fine gray hair,
the le.^'s reddish-yellow with black coxae.

Head oval, considerably narrower than pronotum; eyes nearly as
long as temples; antennae slender, all joints longer than broad; pro-
notum posteriorly only a little narrower than elytra, scarcely as
long as broad, narrowing anteriorly, with 6 punctures in each dorsal
row, and with 5 side-punctures, of which two in line are almost par-
allel 'v'ith the dorsal row; elytra a little longer than pronotum, with
rather fine and dense punctation, audomen anteriorly with fine and

-140-

(Paije 412)
rather dense, toward the tip with more scattered punctation; fjrst
Joint of hind tarsi longer than the claw-joint. L. 7-9 mm.

In the O the fore-tarsi are strongly dilated, and the abdominal
sixth ventral joint at tip with a rather deep, angulate incision.

Distributed in Europe, but somewt)at local, as a whole rather rare

in Denmark, more frequent in the islands than in the peninsula; in

alluvium at lake shores, under leaves on damp forest ground, and more

rarely at rotten fun^i. The larva is found in numbers, among other

places, at Eamhussoen at Copenhagen, in alluvium, and reared. ('^.

Schlick. 21. 7. 1895).

38. Ph. ni>;rita Iravh.

((iravh. lion. 68; Erichs. Kaf. i,;k. Br. I, 471; ^Jen. Spec. Staph.
481; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 611; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 165; LIuls. et
Key Br^vip. 1877, 352; ^ianglb. Kaf. K. 456).

A little smaller than fumarius, to which it is very closely al-
lied, but from which it however is easily separated by the follow-
ing characters:

Elytra and the legs are entirely black, - or the tarsi alone
brownish; pronotum a little longer than broad, narrower than in fu-
marius, its punctation rather fine; elytra and abdomen black-haired,
with 8 little finer and denser punctation than in the preceding spe-
cies. L. 7-8 mm.

Rare and local, more frequent in the islands than in Jutland;
on damp marsh- or meadow-ground in moss, in alluvium at water edges
and at root of plants, on damp forest ground under leaves (Aalborg,

■141-

(Pa^e 412)

Banders, Aarhus; Odense; Sori/, Copenhagen, Hillerj^d and several other

places). Distributed in the ^jreater part of Europe.

39. Ph. micans Jravh.

(CJravh. Micr. 25; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. br. I, 473; 5en. Spec. Staph.
484; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 612; Ihoms. Skand. Col. II, 165; MuIe. et Rey
Bre'vlp. 1877, 359; Janjlb. Kaf. Id. II, 457).

Narrowly fusiform, recognizeable, inter alia, by dull, proportio-
nately long elytra, and by color of the legs.

Black, head and pronoturr. polished with silky iridescent reflect-
ion; elytra and abdomen with fine and rather dense gray hair, dull

or dully shining; - (Page 413) - the antennal first joint

and mouth-parte most often brownish; legs except the coxae reddish-
yell ovi, sometimes brownish-yellow.

Head oval, considerably narrower than pronotura; eyes a little
shorter than temples; antennae slender, their next-last joints as
long as broad or a little longer; pronotum posteriorly hardly as
broad as elytra, as long as broad, anteriorly narrowing, with 6 punc-
tures in each dorsal row; elytra a little longer than pronotum, den-
sely and very finely punctate, the ground surface furthermore very
finely shagreened, due to this and the gray vestiture, elytra dull;
the entire abdomen with especially fine, anteriorly also especially
dense, punctation, the hindmost joints less densely punctate; first
joint of hind tarsi longer than the claw-joint. L. 6-7 tnm.

In the O the fore-tarsi are rather strongly dilated, and the ab-
dominal sixth ventral joint at tip with obtuse angular emarginiition.

-142-

(Page 413)
Distributed everywhere in Europe, Asia, and North America on damp
ground, and rather common in this country, at times numerous in al-
luvium.

40. Ph. vir-o iravh.

(■Jravh. :.:icr. 169; Erichs. -Jen. Spec. Staph. 483; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 611; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 165; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 357;
Janglb. Kaf. i:. II, 456).

Wost often a little larger th^an micans, and differs from this
only in trie following characteristics:

The color is of a deeper black; elytra and abdomen, though most
often somewhat dull, yet more glistening; antennae entirely black,
legs black or pitch-brov.n with reddish-brown knees and tarsi, occa-
sionally entirely reddish-brown with dark coxae; the two hindmost
side-punctures of pronotum are in line parallel with the dorsal row;
the abdomen is posteriorly less densely punctate than in micans.
L. 6-7 mm.

Distributed in Europe. It lives preferably on salty ground, on

ocean beaches under seaweed and stones, but is hovever also found

inland on damp ground in alluvium. In this country it is rare or very

rare (Brpnderslev, Vejle, Haderslev; 5jerup in r'yen; SorX, Hille-

ri^d and several other places). It is common on the west coast of

Sweden (Thorns.).

41. Ph. fulvipes 7sbr.

(Fabr. 3nt. Syst. I, 2, 526; Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 473; ^en.
S{»c. Staph. 485; Kraat2 Ins. D. II, 614; Thoms. Skand Col. II, 166;
Hauls, et Rey Brevip. ;877, 362; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 457).

Slender and narrowly fusiform, with red elytra, and thereby, in

■143-

(Page 413)
comparison v.ith the closest preceding species, very easily recogni-
zed.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum polished; elytra vividly
yellowish-red, these and abdomen finely haired; antennae pi tchy -brown,
their first three Joints, mouth-parts, and legs reddish-yellow.

(Page 414)

Head oval, a little narrower than pronotum; eyes scarcely as long
as temples; antennal next-last joints as long as broad; pionotum a
little narrower than elytra, as long as broad, feebly narroved to the
fore, with 6 fine punctures in each dorsal row, and v.ith 5 side-punc-
tures, of which two in line are almost parallel with the dorsal row.
Ihe elytra are a little longer than pronotum, with rather fine and
dense punctation; abdomen anteriorly and the anterior part of joints
densely and rather finely punctate, toward the tip and at posterior
margins of joints with finer and less dense punctation; first Joint
of hind tarsi longer than the clavj-joint. L. 6-7 ram.

In the O the fore-tarsi are strongly dilated, and abdominal sixth
ventral joint obtuse angularly em.arginated.

Distributed in Europe, Asia, and North America, but here it is

local. It lives on sandy shores of lakes and rivers, under stones

and in alluvium, often in great numbers. The larva is found at 'liis

Lake, and reared. (T. Schlick. 1. 7. 1895).

42. Ph. salinus Kiesw.

(Kiesv,. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1844, 347 Note; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 613;
Muls. et Rey BreVip. 1877, 365; Janglb. Kaf. L:. II, 457).

-144-

(Pa^'e 414)

Very closely allied to fulvires. occasionally a little larger
and broader; like ssme black with (ordinarily) yellowish-red elytia
and reddish-yellow legs; for the rest reco^'nizable by the follov.ins
deviations:

Antennae slender, longer and slenderer than in fulvipes, their
middle and next-last joints a little longer than broad, only their
first joint, rarely also the second reddish-yellow; pronotum feebly
iridescent; elytra with especially fine and dense punctation, dully-
glistening, most often yellowish-red, but sometimes entirely, or at
least anteriorly black; abdomen with very dense and fine punctation,
abdomen and elytra with denser and finer punctation than in fulvipes;
legs reddish-yellow, in the form vlth black elytra, brownish (var.
varipes Muls.)» L. 6-7 mm.

Distributed in Middle Europe. On beaches under seaweed and stones,
in the inner Europe also at salt lakes. In this country rare and local;
in the southern part of Sjaelland and in Lolland-Falster here and thepe
at the coasts at times numerous, it is also found at Copehagen, Boserup,
and Aarhus.

5th Series: Pronotum with 8-12 Punctures in each Dorsal Fow.

43. Ph. puella Nordm.

(Nordm. Symb. 101; Erichs. Kaf. Ivlk. Br. I, 472; len. Spec. Staph.
4S3; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 620; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 162; Muls. et ^ey
Brevip. 1877, 374; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 458).

In appearance not unlike carbonarius. however somewhat smaller,

and is for that matter easily identified by the punctation of head

-145-

(Page 414)
and pronotum, and by the large head of O^ .

Jlistening black; head and pronotum polished, elytra greenish
with bron?e-lustre, these and the abdomen finely haired.

(Pa^e 415)
The head in the O is rounded-siiuare and as broad as pronotum, in
theO^broadly square, larje and most often broader than pronotum, in
both punctated with many robust, partly in rows arranged punctures,
wliich are densest posteriorly, and which together enclose a triangu-
lar, smooth spot right in middle of forehead. Lyes are shorter than
the temples; antennae rather robust, their middle and next-last joints
transverse; pronotum narrower than elytra, as broad as long, not nar-
rowing anteriorly, with 7-& rather robust punctures in each dorsal
row, and at least 8-12 scattered, robust side-punctures; elytra a lit-
tle longer than pronotum, vith dense and rather robust punctation;
abdomen finely and rather densely punctated; fore-tibiae feebly curv-
ed; fcre-tarsi in both sexes simple; first joint of hind-tarsi as
long as the claw-joint. L. 8-9.5 mm.

In the & the abdominal sixth ventral joint at tip with obtuse-
angular incision.

distributed in Middle and North Europe, but everyviihere , also here,
rare; mostly on woodland ground at manure, rotting fungi and carrion,
also at outflowing treesap and in alluvium. (Randers, Horsens, Vejle,
Taps; Bremersvold, Lolland, Knutenborg; Sor^, Dyrehaven at Copenga-
gen, Hiller^d and several other places).

-146-

(Page 415)

44. Ph. punctus ^ravh.

(aravh. wiicr. 20; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 477; Jen. Spec. Staph.
4S8; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 618; Ihoms. Skand. :)ol. II, 161; Mule, et
Fey Brevip. 1877, 371; Janglb. Kaf. ^:. II, 4r.8. - multlpunctatug
Mannh. Brach. 31).

Of same size as the precedinj species or a little larger, espe-
cially recognized by the numerous side-punctures of pronotum.

Black, glistening; elytra with feeble ore- or greenish bronze-
lustre, not infrequent with broadly red outer corners and sides (ab.
binotatus iravh.), elytra and abdomen rather finely haired.

Ihe head is rounded-square, narrower than pronotum, 'Aith scatter-
ed and rather robust punctation, at middle smooth; eyes shorter than
temples; antennal next-last joints as long as broad; pronotum narrow-
er than the elytra, as long as broad, hardly narrowing anteriorly,
at middle polished; its dorsal punctate rows somewhat irregular, with
12-16 rather fine punctures in each, and not acutely separated from
the numerous (3C-4C), rather densely set side-punctures. Elytra are
somewhat longer than pronotum, with dense and rather fine punctation;
abdomen with less dense, but finer punctation; fore-tibiae straight
and the first joint of hind tarsi longer than the claw-joint. L.8-10mm.

In the O the fore-tarsi are strongly dilated, and the abdominal
sixth ventral joint at tip with a rather deep, angular incision.

Distributed in Europe, but rare in the northern part, and appar-
ently not found in Norway. In this country rare and local; at the shor-
es of lakes, rivers and other waters, or in wet ditches under alluv-
ium and stones. (Bronderslev, Harbours, iravlev meadow; "'. Tiiss^i,

-147-

(Page 416)
SorjB, /ibjerjgaard; Kohaven in Falster; Maribo).

The form with partly red elytra occurs together with the typical
form, but is much rarer than this.

2. Subrjenus .^abrius Steph.
45. Ph. vernalis Jravh.

(Jravh. ^;on. 75; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 470; Jen. Spec. Staph.
478; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 6C6; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 170; Muls. et Pey
Bre'vip. 1877, 394; ianglb. Kaf. U. II, 459).

Rather smell and elongate, larjer than the following species of
this subgenus, and within this ^enus, inter alia^ recognizable by the
number of punctures in the dorsal rows of pronotum, and by the pro-
portionately short elytra.

Pitch-black or pitch-brown; head and pronotum polished; elytra
and abdomen glistening, finely haired, elytra and pronotum often red-
dish-brown; antennal first joint, mouth-parts, and legs reddish-yello\\ .

The head is oblong, narrower than pronotum; temples at least twice
as long as the very small eyes; antennae rather short and robust, their
middle and next-last joints transverse; pronotum posteriorly scarcely
as broad as elytra, longer than broad, anteriorly feebly narrowing,
with 5 fine punctures in each dorsal row, and with 5 side-punctures;
elytra a little shorter than pronotum, rather densely and coarsely
punctated; abdomen also densely, but finely punctated; fore-tibiae
finely spiniferous, fore-tarsi in both sexes simple, first joint of
hind tarsi as long or fully as long as the claw-joint. L. 6-7 mm.

In the C)' the abdominal sixth ventral joint with deep acute angular

-148-

(Pase 416)
incision; the corners of the incision are prolonged v.ith a rounded off,
half membranous lobe.

Distibuted in Europe and North Asia; here in Eenmark rather rare;
under leaves and moss in forests, also in alluvium, it hae a fev times
been found with Formica rufa. in and about the mounds af this (auth.)-
Erichson and Kraatz record that it effuses a peculiar sweetish odor.
46. Ph. splendiduluE iravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 41; Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 470; :Jen. Spec. Staph.
478; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 608; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 17C; I.IuIb. et Rey
Brevip. 1877, 400; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 459).

A narrow and uniformly broad species, in appearance not unlike a
Xantholinus; recognized especially by small eyes, form of the pro-
notum, and the numbers of punctures in its dorsal rows.

(Page 417)

Pitch-black, glistening; head and pronotum polished; elytra most
often pitch-brown with reddish suture, elytra and abdomen very finely
haired; abdominal tip, posterior margins of abdominal joints, anten-
nae, mouth-parts, and legs reddish-yellovj.

The head (Fig. 117) is oblong square, hardly as broad as pronotum;
eyes only half as long as temples; antennae rather short, their middle
and nest-last Joints transverse; pronotum oblong, slightly narrowing
posteriorly, with 5 fine punctures in each dorsal row, and with 5 side-
punctures; elytra as long as pronotum, with rather coarse and not den-
se punctation; fore-tarsi in both sexes simple; first ^oint of poste-
rior tarsi shorter than the claw-Joint. L. 5 mm.

-149-

(Page 417)
In the o^ the abdominal sixth ventral Joint with obtuse-angular
incision. Fi^. 117. Philonthus splendidus iravh.

Distributed in Europe, not rare in this country in wooded regi-
ons, under bark and moss on stubs and trunks, which have been at-
tacked by insects; occasionally it has also been found in the mounds
with Formica rufa. (N. P. J^rgensen).

47. Ph. thermarum Aube.

(Aube Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1850, 316; Kraatz Ins. i;. II, 608; Muls.
et Rey Bre'vip. 1877, 402; ^anglb. Kaf. i,:. II, 460).

Small and delicate, the smallest species of the genus, besides
thls^ easily identified by the n'lmber of punctures in the dorsal rows
of pronotum, and by the color of elytra.

Pitch-black, glistening; head and pronotum polished; pronotum red-
dish-brown, elytra brownish-yellow, these and abdomen thinly haired,
tip of abdomen, and outer part of antennae yellowish-brown, the first
two-three antennal Joints, mouth-parts, and legs yellow.

The head oblong with almost straight sides, small eyes, longer temp-
les, and almost rectangular, slightly rounded temple-corners; antennae
slender, their next-last Joints feebly transverse; pronotum narrower
than elytra, longer than broad, of even breadth with rounded off cor-
ners, dorsum with 5 fine punctures in each dorsal row, and with 4-5
side-punctures; elytra as long as pronotum, scattered and rather coarse
punctation; abdomen with dense and very fine punctation; fore-tarsi in
both sexes simple; first Joint of hind tarsi shorter than the claw-
joint. L. 3 mm,

-160-

(Page 417^
In the O the abdominal sixth ventral Joint with obtuse angulate
emargination.

Distributed in Middle Europe and warmer climates; in this country
preferably in hothouses and fermenting, v.arm compost in larger gar-
dens, very local (Fosenborgs and Landbohpjskolens .Jardens in Copen-
hagen, 0bjerggaard), presumably imported.

(Page 418)
48. Ph. exiguus Nordm.

(Nordm. Symb. 105; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 475; ien. Spec. Staph.
4C1; Kraatz Ins. Z. II, 615; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX. 156; Muls. et Rey
Brevlp. 1877, 405; Ganglb. KSif. ¥.. II, 461).

Narrowly fusiform; among the closest allied species recognizable
especially by the form of pronotum and the number of punctures in its
dorsal punctate rows, also by the metallic lustre of elytra.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum polished; elytra with feeble
ore- or greenish bronze-gloss, elytra and abdomen sparsely haired;
legs brownish yellow.

The head oblong; temples much longer than the small eyes; anten-
nae not long, their next-last Joint feebly transverse; pronotum nar-
rower than elytra, somewhat longer than broad, anteriorly feebly nar-
rowing, with 6 punctures in each dorsal row, and with 5-6 side-punc-
tures, all punctures fine; elytra as long as pronotum, with rather
coarse and dnese punctation; abdomen very finely, but not densely
punctated; fore-tarsi in both sexes simple; first Joint of hind tarsi
almost as long as the clav.-Joint. L. 5-6 mm.

In the - .r.e hind tibiae on inner side with long and dense hair;

.151-

(Pase 418)
abdominal sixth ventral Joint at tip broadly emarginate, at middle
feebl;/ carinated.

Eistributed in Middle and North Europe; it is here rare or very
rare, in alluvium at lakes and on damp ground. (Sk/rping and v.iia-
dum Lake south of Aalborg, Panders; jiibjergu'aard in South SJaelland;

Fflnne) .

49. Ph. nigritulus Jravh,

(:iravh. Micr. 41; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 616; l:u1 s et Ray Brevlp.
1877, 411; :;an2lb. Kaf. K. II, 460. - aterrimus Jravh. Kicr. 41; Erichs.
Kaf. ^;k. Br. I, 476; Jen. Spec. Staph. 492; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 170).

Small and slender, next after thermarum our smellet species, rec-
ognized especially by the number of punctures in the' punctate rows of
pronotum, and longer elytra than in the following species.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum polished; elytra black or bro'jv-
ish, elytra and the abdomen finely haired; antennal base, and the mouth-
parts brownish or brownish yellow; legs reddish-yellow, tibiae hovever
often brownish.

Head oblong, v.ith small eyes and almost tv.'icv, as long temples, in
thep a little narrower than pronotum, in theD^as broad as same; an-
tennae rather slender, their next-last joints feebly transverse; pro-
notum narrower than elytra, almost ij times as long as broad, anteri-
orly hardly narrowing, with 6 punctures in each dorsal row, and with
5 side-punctures; elytra somewhat longer than pronotum, however they
vary somewhat in lenght, with rather coarse and not dense punctation;
abdomen finely and rather densely punctated; fore-tarsi in both sexes
simple; first joint of hind tarsi short, shorter than the claw-joint.

L. 4-£ mm.

-162-

(Page 419)
In XheO the abdominal sixth ventral Joint at tip feebly emarginate.
Distributed in the mojority of continentsi it is here very common
on all kinds of ground, under the plant-cover anu at rotting plants,
often numerous in alluvium.

50. Ph. trossulus Nordm.

(Nordm. Symb. 1C2; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 616; Thorns. Skand. Col. II,
171; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 413; ianglb. Kaf. I.i. II, 460).

Most often larger and more robust than ni^ritulus. to which it in
other respects is very closely allied, and of v.hich it sometimes is
considered a variety (Fauvel). It is separated by the following, often-
est distinct deviationsi

The head is broader, in the jg as broad as pronotum, in the O broad-
er than pronotum, rounded off square; pronotum proportionately broader,
either of even breadth or posteriorly feebly narrowing; elytra shorter,
at most as long as pronotum, most often a little shorter than same.
L. 4.5-E.5 mm.

Distributed especially in North Europe; in this country however
it is rare or local, on damp ground and in alluvium. (North Sjaelland
in several places, Sorjs^, Fakse; Xykobing, F. ; Odense).

A closely allied, a little larger species, Ph. astutus Er., sepa-
rates from the two preceding species mainly by this, that the middle
punctures in the transversal row of the forehead are set obliquely be-
fore the outer ones, that the third antennal Joint is longer than in
nigritulus and trossulus, almost 1^ times as long as the second, and
that the first Joint of hind tarsi is as long as the claw-Joint. I.
6-6.5 mm. (Kraatz, ianhlb,).

-153-

(Page 419)

It is distributed in Middle Europe and may possibly also be found
in Denmark.

A couple of other, likewise heretofore rather closely allied, smal-
ler species are Ph. tenuis Fabr. and 2Iiiiii§_-ordm. They are separat-
ed from all the preceding Fhilonthus species in that the last joint of
maxillary palpi is conically tapering, and not lon^-er than the next-
last, and they are therefore nov, treated as a separate subgenus, Fabi^us
(Muls. et P.ey; Janglb. et. al.). Like the species of subgenus labrius
they have small eyes and lonj temples, and like ni^^^ritulus et. al.
with 6 punctures in each of the dorsal ro\,vs of pronotum, but in both
the first Joint of hind tarsi is lonijer than the claw-joint, and in
the O the fore-tarsi are stronjly dilated:

Ph. tenuis Fabr. (lint. Syst. I, 2, 528i Kraatz Ins. D. II, 617)
is slender, black, glistening; pronotum., elytra^ with the exception of
their base or their anterior half part, also first joint of antennae,
and the lejs reddish-yellow. Sometimes the elytra are entirely black,
with the exception of a narrow red posterior margin, (ab. -gracilis Letz.)
The antennae rather fine; elytra distinctly shorter than the pronotum.
L. 4.5-5,5 mm.

It lives on sandy river- and lake shores, distributed in iiiddle
Europe and also found in Finland, but not heretofore found here or in
Sweden and Norway.

Ph. pullus Nordm. (Symb. 104; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 617) is rather
slender and cylindric, black, glistening; elytra feebly ore- or bronze-
lustrous; legs pitch-black or brown. Antennae rather thick; heaci long

-154-

(Page 420)
oval; pronotum narrower than elytra; thdse fully as long as pronotum,
densely and finely punctate, with long jray hair. L. 4.5-5.5 mm.

On sandy ground under moss and fagot; rare in Jermany, very rare
in England, and heretofore not found in Denmark or in the rest of north-
ern Europe, and presumrbly less likely than tenuis.

70. 5enuE Jaf ius Staph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V, 245; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 152 (ex parte);
f'uls. et Pey Br^vip. 1877, 42C; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 4^2, (ex parte)).

Like in Philonthus the head is posteriorly strongly neck-f ormedly
constricted, last joint of maxillary palpi is a little longer than the
next-last and smoothly tapering, and pronotum with two, often conspic-
uous longitudinal punctate rov/s; but Caf ius differs from Philonthus
mainly in that; pronotum is posteriorly narrowing, its sides behind
the middle produced, and the epipleura anteriorly less strongly in-
flexed, therefore partly visible from the sides, that the elytra are
longer, and that the first four Joints of fore-tarsi are dilated,
strongly in the O^, less strongly in the Q . First joint of hind tar-
si is long, longer than the claw-joint.

Body of rather even breadth, and somewhat flat; head almost Square,
with rounded off temples, as broad as, or broader than pronotum; pro-
notum with 1-4 punctures in each dorsal row and is narrower and short-
er than the rather flat elytra; abdomen of even breadth, only narrow-
ing posteriorly.

In Europe 3 species are found, of which one in Denmark. It lives
exclusively at the ocean beach under seaweeds, in appearance it some-

-15S-

(Page 42C)
what resemles the Xantholinus species, and like these curls itself
halfway up. Erichson and Kraatz describo our species under Philonthus.

1. g. zentholoma 5rach.

(Jravh. Won. 41; Erichs. vJen. Spec. Staph. 452; Kraatz Ins. D. II,
594; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 152; Muls et Fey Brevip. 1877, 427; Jan^lb.
Kaf, M. II, 463).

Easily identified by the large, pitlike punctures of pronotum and
head, and by the very densely punctated elytra.

Black; head and pronotum polished; pronotum often brownish irides-
cent; elytra dull, abdomen feebly glistening; elytra with dense, pros-
trate and smooth hair, abdomen less densely haired, but with two, more
densely haired stripes at middle; the deflected sides of elytra brow-
ish yellow; legs reddish-brown. Occasionally the pronotal sides, elytra,
and scutellum brownish-red, and abdomen pitch-brown with brownish-red
margins and spots, (v. varle.:;atus Er. ) .

The head is oblong-square with rounded off temple-corners (Fi^.118),
in the P and less robust ouas broad as pronotum, in more robust Ou re-
markably large and considerably broader than pronotum, between the eyes
with two large pitlike punctures and a short longitudinal impression

between these, (Page 421) at the eyes

and on the temples with rather dense, and especially in large<DO coarse
punctation; antennae rather robust, their next-last joints however
not strongly transverse. Pronotum is much narrower than the elytra,
about as long as broad, posteriorly narrowing, in large UOvery strong-
ly narrowing, its dorsum with two longitudinal punctate rows, eech

-1S6-

(Page 421)
with 4 deep and coarse, pitlike punctures, but outside of these with
only one large bristle-bearing puncture near the side-margin and a
few scattered punctures at the anterior corners. Elytra are a i time
longer than pronotum, v.ith fine, and especially dense punctation , and
in connection with their dense hair vestiture therefore dull; abdomen
likewise with especially dense, rather fine punctation, each of its
first five free dorsal joints with a single larger puncture on each
side. L. 7-9 mm.

In the O (see above) the abdominal fifth ventral joint slightly
emarginate at tip, the sixth rather deeply incised, and with a feeble,
smooth groove in the middle-line.

Fig. 118. Oafius xantholoma iravh.

Eistributed at the coasts of Morth and Middle Europe. Everywhere
at our coasts under seaweed, sometimes numerous. The form with red
elytra (v. varie.^atus Er.) is rare in this country (Ro, Bornholm and
other places) .

A somewhat larger species, C. clcatricosus Er., in which prono-
tum has only 1-2 pitlike dorsal punctures on each side of the middle,
is found at the coasts of England, France ,Altaly.

71. vJenus P.emus Holme.

(Holme Trens. Ent. Soc. Lend. II, 1837, 64; ianglb. Kaf. K. II,
463 (Subg.). - Pseud idus Muls. et Rey Drevip. 1877, 43C).

From Philonthus and Cafius easily separated by this: the head and

pronotum with fine, scattered, prostrate hair, the ground surface den-

-157-

(Page 4 PI)

sely shagreened, dull (or opaque), and that they, except for a smooth

middle-line, are densely punctated. Otherwise same as Caf ius.

To this jenus only 1 European species, widely distributed at the

European coasts, where it lives under rotting seaweeds; also found

in Denmark.

1. R. sericeus Holme.

(Holme Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1337, 64; Thorns. Skand. Col. II
(Gafius), 153; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1877, 433; -Janglb. Kaf. K. 11, 462).

Narrow and of e-^ual breadth, in appearance somewhat like a Xantho-
linus, especially identifiable by the above stated characteristics;
but as a whole otherwise very variable.

(Pa^e 422)
Iviulsant et Pey divides it into 3 species: sericeus, pruinosus. and
f ilua.. of which however the latter two are most reasonably included
as varieties of the typical form.

The typical form is black, dull; head and pronotum with very fine
and scattered, elytra and abdomen with dense, prostrate and short,
silky, grayish-jjlistenlnj hair; antennae toward tiie tip, or entirely^
brownish, le^s or at least their knees and tarsi brov.nish-red , more rarely
reddish-yellow.

The head as broad as pronotum, fully as long as broad, with small
eyes and longer temples with rounded off rectangular corners; anten-
nae rather slender, their next-last Joints hardly transverse; pro-
notum narrower than elytra, longer then broad, with almost part^llel
sides or posteriorly feebly narrowing, pronotum and head with densely

-153-

(Page 422)
shagreened surface, and on sides v.'lth rather dense end coarse, but not
deep punctation, and only a narrow, on the pronotum slijhtly elevated,
middle-line without punctation, and shining, iilytra considerably lon-
ger than pronotum, and to^^ether with abdomen especially densely and
finely punctated and sha^reened, and therefore dull. 1. 5-6 mm.

In the o the abdominal sixth ventral Joint at tip angularly pmap-

The variety pruinosus Brichs. (ien. Spec. Staph. FlC; I^uls. et Pey
EreVip. 1877, 435) differs from the typical form in that, the head and
pronotum are less dull, antennae and lejs li^jhter, the head broader,
pronotum posteriorly more narrowing, elytra shorter, and abdomen less
densely and finely punctated. - Var. f ilum Kiesv;. (Muls. et Rey Brevip.
1877, 437) is smaller than the typical form, ana uith lighter antennae
and legs; the third antennal joint is shorter, and pronotum posterior-
ly slightly narrov.ed. L. 3.5 - 4 mm.

The typical form on beaches under seaweed, but very local; most
frequent at the coasts of Sjaelland and V^n; I have found it in enor-
mous numbers at Eeget^ across from Frederikshavn, singly at Limfjorden;
V. oruinosus and v. f ilum have seemingly heretofore not been found here.

72. ienuE Actobius Fauv.

(Fauv. Faun. ^all. rhen. Ill, Suppl.. 72; langlb. Kaf. M. II, 465.
- Pemus Thoms. Skand. Col. 167; Muls. et Pey Bre'vip. 1977, 453).

Closely allied to the preceding species, but separated from this

mainly by, that the antennal second joint is thickened, as thick as the

-159-

(P£ge 422)
first, and much thicker than the thin third (Fig. 119), that prono-
tum is glistening, end that the hind tarsal first joint is short, con-
siderably shorter than the clav- joint.

In Europe two species occur on damp jround, and of these one is
found in this country.

Fig. 119. Head of Actobjus cinerascene Gravh.

(Page 423)
1. A. cinerascens Jravh.

(iravh. Micr. 49; Erichs. Kaf. fjlk. Br. I, 478; len. Spec. Staph.
509; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 622; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 167; Muls. et Pey
Bre'vip. 1877, 459; (Janglb. Kaf. V.. II, 465).

Bather of equal breadth, narrow and slender, in appearance some-
what like a Lathrobium. identified by the above mentioned characters
also by the dullness of elytra and abdomen.

Black, head dull, and pronotum glistening, v.ith very scattered
and fine hair; elytra and abdomen dull, with fine and dense, gray hair
of silky shine; antennae pitch-bro\sn, their base, and the legs brown-
ish-red or reddish-yellow.

The head is as broad as pronotum, rounded-square, with small eyes
and longer temples, finely and densely punctated, at middle smooth;
antennae rather slender, their second joint thickened strongly toward
the tip, the third thin, the nest-last fully as long as broad; pro-
notum narrower than elytra, longer than broad, feebly narrowed poste-
riorly, sides of dorsum with rather robust, but not dense punctation,
along the middle smooth; elytra considerably longer than pronotum,

-160-

(Page 423)
elytra and abdomen with extremely fine and dense punctation, due to
this and the hair vestiture therefore dull. The first 4 joints of fore-
tarsi are strongly dilated in the O , less strongly in the Q ; hind-
tarsi rather short, the first joint shorter than the claw-joint. L.
4.5 -5.5 mm.

In the O the abdominal sixth ventral joint at tip feebly emar^i-
nated.

Distributed, and on damp ground, in alluvium, under leaves and
moss everywhere rather frequent. - i^ little smaller species, sl^nati-
cornis Muls, et Rey , vith coarse and scatteredly punctated, glistening
head is found in Middle Surope.

73. Jenus Bl snius Thorns.

(Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 168; Muls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1877, 439. -
Ne obi snius ianglb. Kaf. I.;. II, 464).

Closely allied to Actabius, with gllstenin^^, on both sides punc-
tated head and pronotum, and with short hind-tarsi, in which the first
joint is a little shorter than the claw-joint. It deviates in that the
antennal second joint is not thicker than the third, elytra and abdomen

are more glistening, and only the first three joints of fore-tarsi

/f
are dilated, strongly in the O , feebly in the Q . The body is nar-
row and of equal breadth, and the species have a Lathrobium-like ap-
pearance (Fig. 12C).

Three species are living in North and Middle Europe; of v/hich two
are found in this country, the third is not unlikely.

-IBl-

(Pase 423)
Key to the Species.

1. Antennae entirely yellow. Head a little broader than lon^. L.

4-4.5 mm 1. b. villosulus Steph.

Antennae yellow only at base, elsewhere dark. Head as long as broad
or longer 2.

2. Head as long as broad, square with slightly rounded-off temple-

corners. L. 3. £-4. 5 mm 2. B. procerulus Iravh.

Head as long as broad with strongly rounded-off temple-corners.

1.. 4- -4. 5 mm 3. B. prollxus Erich s.

(Page 424)
1. B. villosulus Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V, 251; 3anglb. Kef. K. II, 464. - elongatulus
SricE. Kaf. i.^k. Br. I, 479; 5en. Spec. Staph. 511; Kraatz Ir.s. C. II,
623; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 168; Muls. et P.ey Brevip. 1877, 45C).

Narrow, slender and of e^ual breadth, easily identified by the
color of the antennae.

Jlistening black; head end pronotum vith very scattered, elytra
and abdomen with denser hair vestiture; elytra brown or pitch-brown,
often Vvith lighter posterior margin; antennae, mouth, and legs red-
dish-yellow.

The head is as broad as or in the ^ even broader than pronotum,
distinctly broader than long, square, with slightly rounded-off temp-
le-corners, small eyes, rather long temples, and narrow neck, on si-
des rather robustly, or in the C3 coarsely, but not densely punctated,
at middle smooth; antennae rather robust, their next-last joints strong-

• 162-

(Pase 424)
ly transverse. Pronotum is narrower than elytra, longer than broad and
posteriorly hardly narrov.ed, with straight sides, the side? punctated
like the head, smooth at th? middle; elytra a little longer than pro-
notum, with rather robust and dense punctation; abdomen likewise rather
densely but more finely punctated, its first three free dorsal joints
at base narrov-ly transversally grooved depressed, transversal ^l^ooves
smooth in bottom. L. 4-4.5 mm.

In the O (see above) the abdominal sixth ventral Joint at tip feeb-
ly emer^inated.

At the edjje of lakes, brooks and v.ater-holes, distributed in Europe;

in this country it has heretofore only been found here and there on the

islands, and mostly singly (Frederiksberg .Jarden, Soro, Nykobing F.,

Maribo, Odense); also found at Skaane and at Kristiania.

2. B. procerulus iravh.

(iravh. Mon. ?E ; Erichs. Kaf. Vk. Br. I, 47£; Jen. Spec. Staph. 511;
Kraatz Ins, D. II, 624; Thoms. Skand, Col. II, 169; Uuls. et Rey Brevip.
1377, 442; CJanglb. Kaf. M. II, 465).

Much like preceding species, from which It differs in that the anten-
nae are pitch-brown, and only reddish-yellow at base, that the legs are
darker, brownish-yellow. The head (Fig. 120) as lon,^ as broad, prono-
tum posteriorly feebly narrowed, antennal next-last joints less strong-
ly transverse, and that the abdominal first three free dorsal joints
are punctate at base and in the transversal grooves. L. 3.5-4.5 mm.

Very rare; at water-edges (Brede at Copenhagen, Nyk/bing F., V.
Ulslev, Loll., Odense); like the preceding also in Skaane and at Kri-
stiania. Cistributed in Europe. - A variety, v. semipunctatus Fairm.

-163-

(Page 424)

with unicolorous brown, finer and denser punctate elytra, are known

from North America and Australia procerulus (San^lb.)

Fi^, 12C. Bisnius procerulus ;Jravh.

(Page 425)

3. B. prolixus Erichs.

(Erichs. C>en. Spec. Staph. 51C; Kraat^ Ins. D. II, 625; t.'.uls. et
Kay Drevip. 1877, 445; jenglb. Kaf. M. II, 465).

Very closely allied to both of the tv.o preceding species, but a
little more slender, and most often with lighter elytra, which as a
rule are red or yellowish-red, at base with more or less extensive
black, rarely entirely brown or black; antennae black, their base,
mouth-parts, and le.js yellowish-red.

The head is a little longer than broad with strongly rounded-off
temple-corners; pronotum a little narrower and longer than in pt ooerulas,
and its abdominal first three free dorsal joints in transversal gro-
oves at base with coarser and denser punctation. L. 4-4.5 mm. (Kraatz
ianglb. ) .

One in Middle Europe, also in England at miry water-edges distrib-
uted, and not very rare species; heretofore not found in this country
nor in the rest of the North.

3. Division Kantholinina.

Prosternum anteriorly dilated with a moveable, rounded-off, often

♦ )
emarginate, or in the middle-line finely carinated, antesternal plate ■'

(Mulsant & Vey) (Fig. 121). Antennae Inserted near, or very nesr to

-164-

*)''gula-plate»

(Pa-e 4r>E)
each other, most often closer together than tc the eyes. - The body
Is elongate, of equal breadth, and most often narrow; head longer than
broad, with small eyes and long temples, posteriorly as a rule strong-
ly, or very strongly neck-f ormedly constricted; ^enaa most often not
mar^inated; pronotum longer than broad, most often narrowed posteriorly,
its epipleura almost horizontal; in the true Xanthclinlds one suture
of elytra lies over the other, and the antennae are after the long first
Joint, nore or less geniculate; legs rather short.

Fig. 121. Head and prosternum of Xantholinus glabratus .iravh.
Ventral view, a antesternal plate.

Key to Jenera.

1. Elytral sutures contiguous, straight. Antennae not, or only feebly

geniculate: (Subdivision Qthlina) 2.

One suture of elytra lies over the other. Antennae after the long
first Joint distinctly geniculate: (Subdivision Xantholinina
s. str.) 3.

2. Sutural groove of elytra either feeble or entirely obliterated.

Labrum deeply cleft at middle. Hind-tibiae distinctly spinifer-

ous 74. Othius Steph.

Sutural groove of elytra distinct and sharp. Labrum at middle vith
angular incision. Hind-tibia not, or indistinctly spiniferous
75. Eaptolinus Kr.

3. Lest Joint of maxillary palpi not subulate, about as thick as the

next-last. The forehead anteriorly with 2 more or less sharp

•IBS-

(Page 425)

grooves, occasionally also with 2 feeble grooves:

76. Kanthollnus Serv. .

Last Joint of maxillary palpi subulate, much finer than the next-
last. The forehead anteriorly with 4 deep grooves

77. LeptacinuE Brichs.

(Page 426.)
(Subdivision Othiina) .
74. Jenus Othius Staph,

(Steph. 111. Brit. V. 253; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. V.r. I, 420; Gen. Spec.
Staph. 294; Krsatz Ins. D. II, 663; Tboms. Skard. Col. II, 185; Muls.
et Key Brevip. Xanthol. 1377, 3; langlb. Kaf. l^. II, 466).

The body (Fig. 122) is elongate, narrov^ and of equal breadth; the
head oblong oval, vith labrum deeply cleft at middle, and densely brist-
le-haired, small eyes and long temples, posteriorly with neck-formed
constiction; the neck short and about half as broad as the head; anten-
nae rather short, after the first joint only, feebly geniculated, in-
serted as far from each other as from the eyes, their first Joint lon-
ger than the two following tou:ether, the third as long as, or longer
than the second, the folloving short, the next-last transverse; last
Joint of maxillary palpi somewhat shorter and narrower than the next-
last, tapering.

Pronotum longer than broad, posteriorly feebly narrowing, along the
side-margins with a fine, but distinct ridge, posteriorly rounded-off,
on the dorsum, besides a few scattered punctures nearest to the fore-
corners, with two broadly separated dorsal punctate rows, each with

-Igg-

(Page 426)
3 punctures, of v.hich the foremost are placed closely to the fore-
margin, the middle one before the middle, and the hindmost behind the
middle. Elytral sutures are straight and contiguous, the sutural groo-
ve obliterated or insignificant; abdomen of uniform bieadth, or slight-
ly tapering posteriorly, the transversal ::rooves at base of its dorsal
joints feeble, straight and simple. Antesternal plate of presternum
is short, yet distinct, at itiddle finely carinated; middle-coxae not
broadly separated; the posterior and especially the raiddle-tibiae are
spiniferous, the anterior ones most often not; the first four fore-
tarsal Joints are more or less dilated, hind-tarsal first Joint longer
than the second, shorter than the clavv-Joint.

In ;th8 northern fviiddle Europe 5-6 species are living, of which 3
are living in this country, under moss and leaves, and in company
with ants.

Key to Species.

1. Antennal third Joint considerably longer than the second. Elytra

brownish-red. Large species. L. 11-14 r.m: 1. 0. punctulatus ioeze.
Antennal third Joint not, or only insignificantly longer than

the second, uluch smaller species 2.

2. Head distinctly narrower than pronotum; pronotum as a rule vivid-

ly yellowish-red, rarely darker at middle. L. 5 mm

2 . 0. melanocephalus Iravh.

Head hardly, or not distinctly narrower than pronotum; pronotum

pitch-brown with somewhat lighter sides. L. 5-6 mm

3. 0. myrmecophilus Kiesw,
-167-

(Page 427)

1. 0. punctulatus ioeze.

(ioeze Ent. Beitr. I, 1777, 730; .langlb. Kaf. I.". II, 46S. -fulvi-
pennis Fabr. Knt. Syst. I, 2, 537; Eriohs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 420; Jen.
Spec. Staph. 295; Kraatx Ins. B. II, 654; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 185;
Mult., et Key Brevip. 1877, C) .

Easily identified by the size, and by the color of elytra.

Black, glistening; head and pronotum polished; elytra, abdomonal tip,
f antennae, mouth-parts and le^s more or less clearly brov.nish-red , el-
ytra and abdomen with fine brov.nish hair. Sides of pronotum, and the
posterior margins of abdominal joints are often reddish-brown.

The head (Fig. 122) is as broad as pronotum, oblon^-oval, on sides
with scattered and somewhat uneven, robust punctation, and anterioly
with a feeble transversal impression between the eyes; antennae short-
er than head and pronotum together, their third Joint almost i time
longer than the second, the next-last Joints rather strongly transverse;
pronotum as broad as the elytra, l/Z longer than broad, posteriorly
scarcely narrowed, and vith distinctly ridged side-margins, the punc-
tures in the dorsal rows large. Elytra are a little shorter than pro-
notum, v.ith scattered and rather robust punctation; abdomen finely,
and anteriorly rather dense, posteriorly scattered punctation. In both
sexes the fore-tarsi are rather strongly dilated. L. 11-14 mm.

In the <?^ the abdominal sixth ventral Joint at tip very slightly
emarginated, the seventh strongly roundedly ecafginate.

Distributed in Europe, and mostly on forest-ground is frequent
here, under moss and leaves.

The larva of 0. punctulatus in the form of head and pronotum Is

-168-

(Page 427)
very much like the beetle, and is not infrequently found amons the sift-
ed material from forest ground, and in alluvium. It is reared by !ir.
Rosenber=i and Gand . '". Sohlick.

2. 0. melanocephalus Gravh.

(:travh. Won. 1C7; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 421; ^Jen. Spec. Staph.
295; Kraats Ins. D. II, 656; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 185; Muls. et Fey
Brevip. 1877, 15; CJanglb. Kaf. M. TI, 47G).

Identified by proportionately narrow head, pronotal color, and
short elytra,

Glistening; head and pronctuni polished; the head with exception
of the neck black, neck and pronotum vividly yellowish-red, occasi-
onally bro'.vnish at niddle; elytra yellowish-brown, or like the abdomen
pitch-brown, both finely haired; antennae, mouth-parts, and legs red-
dish-yellow.

The head is much narrower than pronotum, oblong oval; antennal
third joint only a trifle longer than the second, the next-last hard-
ly transverse; pronotum as broad as elytra, posteriorly not narrowed,
longer than broad, the foremost puncture in the dorsal rows are placed
immediately at the anterior margin. Elytra are shorter than pronotum,
with scattered and robust punctation; abdomen with very fine, and espe-
cially posteriorly, scattered punctation. L. 5 mm.

(Page 428)

In the o the fore-tarsi somewhat more strongly dilated than in the
p, and the abdominal sixth vential joint at tip less rounded than in
same.

Distributed everywhere in North and Middle Europe, mostly on sandy

-169-

(Page 428)

or gravelly ground, as well as in and about woods, common in this

country.

2. 0. myrmecophilus Kiesw.

(Kiesw. Stett. Ent. Ztg. IV, 1843, 308; Kraatz Ins. D. II, S58j
Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 186; ^5uls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 12; rJanglb.
Kaf. !v'.. II, 471).

From melanocephalus, to which it in form, size, and punctation
etc. is very closely allied, it differs mainly in the follov;ing char-
acters :

It is wingless; pronotum as well as the neck pitch-brown or yel-
lowish-brown, the color of the body as a whole darker than in melano-
cephalus; The head is nearly as broad as pronotum; antennae rather
robust, their next-last five Joints distinctly transverse; on prono-
tum the foremost puncture in the dorsal rows are placed some distance
from the anterior margin, about midways between this and the following
puncture, and in the abdominal fifth free dorsal joint's posterior
margin, that, in the Staphylinids usual fine, light membranous border,
is wanting, presumably due to the wanting of flight-wings in the spe-
cies. L. 5-6 mm.

Distributed in Europe, and in this country not rare, especially
in woodland regions, often in company with ants, (Lasius fulij^inosus
et. al.), in hollow trees, under moss and leaves.

75. ienus Baptollnus Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 659; I.luls. et Pey Brevip. 1877, 21; Janglb. Kaf.
M. II, 472. - iyrohypnus Thorns. Skand. Gol. II, 186).

From othius, this genus is separated mainly by, that the labrum

-170-

(Page 428)
is not deeply cleft at middle, but only with an angular incision,
that elytra has a deep sutural jjroove, that the abdominal transversal
impression at base of the joints are double, and that hind-tibiae are
not spiniferous. - Besides a fev; fine marginal punctures anteriorly
pronotum has on each side a large dorsal puncture some distance from
the anterior margin, and an other oack of the middle; the ante sternal
plate at middle-line not grooved or carinated.

In Middle Europe are found 3, of which in Denmark, Sweden and Nor-
way 2, closely allied species. They live in hollow trees in wood-crumb-
lings and under bark.

Key to Species.
1. The head's temples v.lth only few, 2-4 larger punctures. Elytra

finely punctated. L. 6-8 mm 1. B. afflnls: _ Payk.

The head's temples with many, 10-12 punctures. Elytra not distinct-
ly punctate, but the surface with coriarious sculpture. L.

6-7 mm 2. B« pillicornis Pay!«

(Page 429)
1. B. affinis Payk.

(Payk. Mon. Staph. 24j ^anglb. Kaf. W. II, 474. - alternans Jravh.
Kicr. 48i Kraatz Ins. D. II, 660; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 187; Muls. et
Rey Brivip. 1877, 27. - pilicornis var. b Erichs, Kaf. Uk, Br. I, 422).

In several respects somewhat variable; but in relation to the fol-
lowing species easily identified, particularly by few punctures of the
temples, the antennal proportionally rather long third joint, and by
the distinct punctures of elytra.

-171-

(Pase 429)
Yellowish-red or reddish-brown; head and pronotum polished; elytra
and abdomen 'jlistenin^, scattered hair-vesti ture; the head and elytra,
except for the humeri, also the abdominal fourth and fifth dorsal Joints
black, often reddish-brown; antennae, mouth-parts, and lejs reddish-yel-

1 OVv .

The head broadly square, as broad as pronotum, or broader {o ),
with prominent mpndibles, small, a little protruding eyes, rather long
temples with simple punctation, and rounded-off corners, between the
eyes with a transversal row of 4 punctures, of which the outmost on each
side are placed close to the eye, or in broad-headed OO some distance
from the eye; the antennae longer than the head, rather robust, slight-
ly thickened outvjardly, their third Joint distinctly longer than the
second, the next-last Joints rather strongly transverse. Pronotum a lit-.
le narrower than elytra, posteriorly feebly narrowing, nearly 1^^ times
as long as broad, with exception of a few (in T^nus-description menti-
oned) dorsal and marginal punctures, without punctation and smooth;
elytra as long as pronotum, somewhat convex and with deep sutural groove,
with fine and scattered punctation, background-surface smooth; abdom-
inal Joints on sides with fine, and more or less scattered punctation.
L . 6-8 mm .

In the o the heed is more often broader than in the ^ and fore-
tarsi more strongly dilated, abdominal sixth ventral joint feebly emar-
glnate.

Distributed in Europe; in this country mostly in wooded regions.

(Pa-e 429)

in hollow trees and stubs, in wood-crumblings, also under bark, as a

whole rare and local.

?.. B. pilicornls Payk.

(Payk. Mon. Car. App. 135; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 4S1; rjer. Spec.
Staph. 296; Kraatz Ins. C. II, 661; Thorns. Skand. Col. 'I, 187; r/uls.
et Rey Br^vip, 1877, 25; v:Janglb. Kaf. 11. II, 473).

It :e separated from the closely allied, preceding species by the
color, punctation of the temples, and the sculpture of the elytra.

Black, head and pronotum polished, elytra and abdomen glistening,
sparsely haired; humeri, and often also the sutures and margins of
the elytra, also tip of abdomen, and posterior mar^^ins of its fore-
most Joints, also antennae, mouth-parts, and legs brownish, yellov*-
ish-red.

Head somewhat broader than pronotum, posteriorly less rounded-off
than in aff inis, temples v.ith 10-12 somewhat irregular large punctures;
antennal third Joint scarcely longer than the second; pronotum short-
er than in aff inis, and somewhat less convex; elytra hardly punctated,
but their surface with coriarious sculpture, and occasionally with a
suggestion of three rows of widely spaced, larger punctures: one at the
suture, one at middle, and one along the sides. Punctation of abdomen
same as in the preceding species. L. ^^-7 mm,

(Page 430)

Distributed in North and Middle Europe. In Denmark heretofore on-
ly one speciiren has been found, in Dronninglund Storskov in Vendsyssel
under the bark of alder (E. L^vendal 1<". 6. 18f5). In Sweden and Nor-
way it is rare.

-173-

(Page 430)

(Subdivision Xantholinina s. str.)

76. -ienus Xantholinus Serv.

(Serv. Sncycl. Meth. X, 1825, 475; Erichs. ien. Spec. Staph. 306;
KraatE Ins. D. II, 629; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 189-^- ^aurypterus 187-f-
Nudobiue 186; J/iuls. et Rey Brevip. 1877, 41, 36, 83; Janglb. Kaf. i;.
II. 477-J-Sulissus 474-f-Nudobijas 475).

The body is elongate, narrow and of uniform breadth, often some-
what fist; head porrect, large, oblong, as broad a?, or broader than
pronotum, with snail, or very small eyes, and long, sometimes planate
temples, posteriorly vith strongly neck-formed constriction; the neck
very narrow; anterior margin of forehead at middle, between two round
processes, tooth-formed prominent, its surface anteriorly at middle
with two sharp, almost parallel grooves, most often also with two feeb-
ler, oblique side-grooves; antennae rather short, inserted close togeth-
er, and much closer to each other than to the eyes, after the long,
scape-formed first joint geniculate, their next-last Joints transverse;
last joint of maxillary palpi tapering, a little thinner than the next-
last, but not subulate.

Pronotum is oblong, about as broad as elytra, most often narrowing
posteriorly, its sides finely marginate, and thH margin visible in lon-
jer or shorter distance, either to behind anterior corner, or only to
behind middle, for the rest anteriorly bent in on the ventral side,
the surface, with a single exception (X. fulgidusl, v.ith two punctate
rows along the dorsum, and on sides either with an anteriorly curvate
punctate row, or with scattered punctation. Elytra about as long as
pronotum, and with flat sutural margins, of which the one, v^hen closed,

-174-

(Paje 43C)
lies over the other. Abdomen of e-ual breadth; its next-last (the ninth
- seventh free) dorsal Joints in the O^ are at middle deeply cleft,
and in the cleft the last (tenth) joint is visible; jn the Q the ninth
(next-last) joint is entire, and the tenth (when the tip is not drawn
in) visible as abdominal tip. The middle-coxae are broadly separated,
all tibiae finely spiniferous, fore-tarsi in both sexes simple.

Of those in North and Middle Europe distributed species, 9 or 10
are found in Denmar><. The majority of these live under leaves and mosr;,
or in compost, and at rotting plant-matter, a fev. are found with ants
or under the bark of attacked trees. In danger the Xantiiollnids seek
protection by "lie dead" they fold themselves up by bending ^^^ thorax
in toward the metasternum and abdomen. - The beneath mentioned subge-
nera: Sulissus wannh. (.^auropterus Thorns.) and Nudobius Thorns, are
often placed as separate, viith Xanthol inus s. str. coordinate I'enera.

(Page 431)
Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. The pronotal fine, dorsal side-ridge, from the side^is only visib-

le posteriorly, inasmuch as it behind the middle of side-mar-
gin is bent in on the ventral side 2.

The pronotal dorsal side-ridge visible from the side until close

behind the fore-corner, where it bends in on the ventral side: 3.

2. Pronotum without punctate rows on dorsum, with only a deepened

punctate row or punctate groove on sides: 1. Subgenus Sulissus
Mannh. - Elytra vivid red. L. 9-lS mm 1. X. fult^idus Er.

-175-

(Pa^e 431)
Fronotum on the dorsum with two parallel longitudinal punctate
rows, on each side with an anteriorly curved punctate rovj :
2. Subgenus Nudoblus Thorns.- Elytra and legs yellowish-red.
L, 7-8 mm 2. X. lentus :>ravh.

3. Sides of head beneath and back of eyes planate, densely punctate,

behind eyes with a smooth, some; nes feeble ridje: 3. Subgenus

jyrohypnus Steph 4.

Sides of head smoothly convex, not densely punctate: 4. Subgenus
Xantholinus s. str 6.

4. Pronotum with 4-6 punctures in each dorsal rov. 5.

Pronotura with 8-10 punctures in each dorsal row, with modified

shine. L. 6-7 mm 4. X. angustatus Steph,

5. The lines which bejin wt the corners of the mouth, at middle of

ventral side of the head ai e confluent forming froc there to
the neck the middle-line of the head, (gula suture). L. 7-8

mm ?. X. punctulatus Payk.

Ihe lines which begin at the corners cf the mouth, approach each

other at middle of ventral side of head, but are not confluent,
they run side by side, narrowly separated, down to the neck.
The species smaller and narrower, myrmecophil. L. 6-'' mm....

5. X. atrarus Heer.

e. Pronotal sides with a regular, of rather few (5-9, punctures con-
sisting, and anteriorly outward curved row 7.

Pronotal sides with scattered punctation, or that of meny punctures
consisting row, more or less interupted 8.

-176-

(Page 431)

7. Elytra with scattered punctation, red, L. 12-14 mm

£• X« .'glabra tu 5 Jravh .

Elytra with three rather regularly punctated rows, and a few,

scattered punctures between these, brownish red or pitch-brown.
Species much smaller. L. 7 mm 7. X. ^laber Nordm.

8. Head posteriorly distinctly broadened, feebly ovate 9.

Head posteriorly hardly broadened, oblonj;. L. 7-9 mm

10. X. linearis Oliv. and lop.^iventris Heer

9. Pronotum red, or its posterior part brownish. L. 8-11 mm

8. X. tricolor Fabr.

Pronotum rather unicolorous pitch-brown with feeble metal reflect-
ion. L. 7-lC mm 9. X. laevi:'atu£ Jac.

1. Subgenus Eulissus Mannh.

( jauropterus Thorns.).

1. X. fulgidus Fabr.

(Fabr. Mant. Ins. I, 220; £richs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 423; CJen Spec.
Staph. 319; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 642; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 186; ii'uls.
et Rey Bre'vip. 1877, 33; Janglb. Kaf. ¥.. II, 475).

In relation to the follov;inj species of the ^enus easily identifi-
ed by; that pronotum is without punctate rows at middle of dorsum.

Deeply black, strongly glistening, pronotum polished; elytra red;
Antennal outer part and legs pitch-brown, maxillary palpi, knees, and
tarsi lighter. (Page 432) -

The head is large, broader than pronotum, longer than broad, straight-
sided, with almost rectangular temple-corners, scattered punctation

-177-

(Page 432)
with coarse, long punctures, which here and there, mainlj,' on the sides,
confluent, formins longitudinal grooves; antennal third joint much
lon:jer than the second; pronotura oblonj, anteriorly as broad as elytra,
narrowing poSterioi-ly , only on the sides v.ith an insignificantly punc-
tated, slightly curved groove, and with fev. punctures anteriorly, else-
where smooth and polished; the side-marginal fine ridge, is behind
middle, bent in on the ventral side. Elytra are about as long as pro-
notum, each with a punctate t ov, at middle, another along the suture,
and a finer one along the side, intervals v.ith simple punctation; ab-
domen with fine and sparse punctation. L. 9-12 ram.

In fermenting, warm compost, and at hothouse boxes in large gar-
ens, sometimes in numbers, but in this country as a whole rare and
local (Copenhagen, SorjT', )ifb jerggaard ; NykplJing F. ; Aarhus, Aalborg
and several other places). T^istributed in Europe, Asia, and North
America. - The larva undoubtedly can be found in the same places as
the beetle.

2. Subgenus Nudobius Thorns.
2. X. lentus jravh.

(Gravh. Mon. 101; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 426; Jen. Spec. Staph.
325; Kraatz Ins. C. II, 644; Ihoms. Skand. Col. II, 136; Muls. et Pey
Brevip. 1877, 85; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 476).

The pronotal fine side-margin "ridge" is like in fulgidus behind

middle bent in on the ventral side, therefore only visible posteriorly;

otherwise the species is recognized by the punctation of head and pro-

notum, and by the color of th-^ legs.

-178-

(Fa;^e 432)

Black, glistening; elytra and legs yellowish red, antennae and
maxillary palpi brownish red.

The heed is fully as troad as pronotum (Fi,;j 123), oblong square,
with slightly rounded-off temple-corners, at middle with simple, on
sides with scattered and rather coarso punctation; antennal third
joint short, scarcely longer than the second; pronotum anteriorly
almost as broad as elytra, narrowed posteriorly, dorsum with two fine
punctate rows, each with 7-5 punctures, and on sides with an anteriorly
outcurved punctate row with a siir.ilar number of punctures; elytra ful-
ly as long as pronotum, with fine and scattered, here and there row-
formed punctation; abdomen with very fine, scattered punctation. L. 7-

mm.

Fig. 123. Xantholinus lentus Jravh.
North and Widdle Europe. In Denmark rare or very rare, and hereto-
fore apparently found only in pinaceous woods here and there in Xorth
Sjaelland (Rudehegn, St. Dyrehave at Killer^d, Tisvilde Hegn and other

places). (Page 433)

It lives and developes under the bark of pinaceous trees, which are
attacked by bark-beetles. In July I have found larvae and pupae,. ear-
lier, and later beetles. The larva is yellowish white with reddish-
brown head and pronotum and its form shows relationship with imago
(see further J. G. Schi,c/dte Nat. Tidsskr. 3. P.. 3.B. 1364, 65, 201
lab. IX and X) . It is very agile and flits swiftly, with forward and
backwards subtle motions, about in the burrows.

-179-

(Page 433)

3. Subgenus jyrohypnus .Steph.

3. X« punctulatus Payk.

(Payk. Mon. Staph. 30; Srichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 426; ^en. Spec.
Staph. 326; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 635; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 189; Muls.
et Rey Br^vip. 1377, 75; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 480.- ^itratus Thome.
Skand. G61. II, 19C).

Longer and especially broader than the following species, an^ustatus,
besides easily identified by less punctures in the pronotal punctate
row, also by the stronger ^jloss of pronotum.

Black, ^jlistening; elytra most often with feeble, greenish metal-
lic reflection; antennal outer part, maxillary palpi, and le^-s pitch-
brown or brov.nish-red.

The head is almost as broad as lon^, almost as broad as pronotum,
with ventrally planate, to the fore feebly converging sides, and almost
rectangular, slightly rounded-off temple-corners, and rather small eyes,
the middle with fine and simple punctation, almost smooth, elsewhere
rather coarsely and densely' punctated, with here and there confluent
punctures forming fine longitudinal stripes, and with one, oftenest
distinct, smooth ridge at side behind the eye; grooves of the forehead
antsriorly rather deep; on ventral side of head, those from the mouth--
corners issuing deepened lines are confluent at middle, forming from
there to the constriction of the head, its middle-line (gala suture);
antennal third joint as short as the second. Pronotum somewhat narrow-
er than elytra, slightly narrov.ing posteriorly, longer th-.n broad, v.ith
fine, yet distinct side-ridge, which not until behind the fore-corner
runs in on the ventral side; pronotal punctate rov s with few, most

-180-

ir^iie 433)
often 4-5, rather large punctures, the anteriorly outcurved side-rowe
with 3-9 punctures; pronotal . surface else\^hers with extremely fine,
and very scattered, often indistinct punctation, polished; elytra a
little longer than pronotum, vith rather scattered and robust, at si-
des rowed punctation; the abdomen with fine and scattered punctation,
Sparsely haired. L. 7-8 mm.

Distributed in Surcpe, K. Asia and N. America; in this country
everywhere common, in forests and t;ardens, under leaves, in compost,
at rottlnj plant-matter and at manure. The larva is found and reared
by Hr. 0. Holstebroe 19. 10. 1688. It is found in compost etc. to-
gether v\'ith the beetle.

(Ps^e 434)

4. X. angustatus Steph.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V, 263; Jan^lb. Kaf. U. II, 480.- ochraceus
jyllh. Ins. Suec. II, 352; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 636; Thorns. Skand. Gol.
II, 189; Muls. et Rey Br^vip. 1877, 73).

Closely allied to punctulatus, but ordinarily somewhat smaller,
especially narrower, also most often of lijhter color, with less glist-
ening pronotum, and with more punctures in the pronotal punctate rows.

Black, pitch-black or pitcK-brov.n; th-? head and especially the pro-
notum feebly £;3 ister.inj; elytra pitch-brovin, reddish-brov.n or yellow-
ish-brown, abdominal tip brovnish; antennae, mouth-parts, and legs
browni sh-red.

The head is oblong, as broad as pronotum, v.ith small eyes, at mid-
dle with fine and scattered, on sides mors robust and rather dense
punctation, the surface very finely reticulate, for the rest like in

-181-

(Page 434)
the preceding species; antennae shorter and more robust than in same.
Pronotum Is oblong, anteriorly about as broad as elytra, feebly narrow-
ing posteriorly, the surface especially finely transversally aciculated
and therefore with tempered shine, with 8-10 punctures in the dorsal
rows, and as many or mora in the anteriorly curved side-rows; elytra
as lon^ as pronotum, rather fine, not dense, at sides row-formed punc-
tation, elytra and the very finely and scatteredly punctated abdomen
sparsely h&ired. L. 6-7 mm.

Distributed in Europe, and comracn here in this country, under lea-
ves and at rotting plant-matter; not infrequently found with ants,
especially Lasius f uli^inosus and Formica rufa, as well inside as a-
bout the mound.

5. X. atratus Heer.

(Heer Faun. Helv. I, 246; Kraatz In-. T). II, 636; I.'uls. et Pey
Brevip. 1877, 80; ianjlb. Kaf. I'. II, 45C. - picipes Thome. Skand. II,
190).

In size, form and color much like an^Tustatus, but v.ith polished
pronotum and more glistenin,-^ head, also fewer punctures in the prono-
tal punctate rows, furthermore mainly separated from an:ustatus also
from punctulatus, in that those on ventral side of head at the mouth-
corners issuing lines are not, like in these, confluent at middle, but
narrowly separated running side by side down to the neck.

Black or pitch-black, glistenir,g, pronotum polished; elytra brown
or reddish-brown; abdominal tip, often also posterior margins of abdo-
minal joints, antennae, mouth-parts, and legs yellowish-brown or reddish-

-182-

(Page 434)
brown; antennal first joint most often black.

The head on sides is a little more rounded than in angustatus.
the middle as well as the sides less densely punctated, the surface
not reticulate, therefore more glistening; pronotum on surface not
aciculated, but polished, with very scattered and extremely fine punc-
tation, same a$ in punctulatus, and like this with only 4-6 punctures
in the dorsal punctate rows, and 8-10 in side-rows. Punctation of el-
ytra and abdomen like that in angustatus. L. 6-7 ram.

(Page 435)
In the mounds with Formica rufa and Lasius fuliginosus; distrib-
uted in North and Middle Europe, but rare and local; heretofore it
is here mostly found in North Sjaelland (Fudehegn, 1: okke'Kph Kegn, Kil-
ler/d, Tisvilde Hegn) , however also in F.old Forest, Jutland. The ants
chase it as a rove-guest ("'asuiann) .

4. Subgenus Xantholinus s. str.
6. X. glabratus Jravh.

(iravh. Micr. 178; Erichs. Kaf. Llk. Br. I, 4:B4; ien- Spec. Staph.
319; Kraatz Ins. L. II, 633; Thorns. Skand. Col. IX, 177; Muls. et Pey
Brivip. 1877, 46; 3anglb. Keif. i«. II, 481).

Our largest species; easily identified by the size, and by the
vivid coloring of elytra.

Deeply black, polished glistening; elytra vivid red; antennae,
mouth-parts, and legs pitch-brown, tarsi reddish.

The head is large, oblong, fully as broad as pronotum, broadened
posteriorly and with slightly rounded-off temple-corners, at middle

-183-

(Pa^e 435)
polished, on sides scatteredly and coarsely punctated, furthermore
the surface-ground scatteredly minutely punctuate; antennae robust,
their third joint only a little longer than the second; pronotum ob-
long, narrower than elytra, narrowing posteriorly, the surface with
especially fine, scattered minute punctuation, with 5-6 coarse punc-
tures in the dorsal punctate rows, and with at least as many in the
anteriorly outcurved side-rows; elytra as long as pronotum, with scat-
tered and rather fine, on the sides rowed punctation; abdomen with
very fine, and especially along the middle, very scattered punctation.
L. 12-14 mm.

Distributed in Europe; in this country often in masses in compost,

and at hothouse benches in larger gardens and in parks (Copenhagen,

Sor»C, syborg; Odense; S*nderborg, Haderslev, Taps, Holding, Aalborg

and other places).

7. X. glaber Nordm.

(Nordm. Symb. 114; firichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 425; .;en. Spec. Staph.
325; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 640; Ihoms. Skand. Col. II, 192; Wuls. et Fey
Br^vip. 1877, 51; ^anglb. Kaf. M. II, 482).

Black, remarkable polished shine; elytra light brownish-red, rare-
ly pitch-brown with lighter humeri and posterior margins; antennae,
mouth-parts and legs reddish-brown.

Head a little narrower than pronotum with strongly rounded-off
temple-eorners, on sides with simple and rather fine punctation; an-
tennae short and robust; pronotum a little narrower than elytra, ob-
long, posteriorly feebly narrowed, with 8-10 punctures in dorsal punc-
tate rows and 6-8 in the anteriorly curved side-rows, elsewhere as

-184-

(Page 435)
well as the head highly polished; elytru somewhat longer than pronotum,
with three rather regular punctate rows and between these finely and
sparsely punctata; abdomen with fine and scattered, at middle sparse

punctation, L. 7 mm. (Page 436)

Heretofore not found in Denmark, but as it is distributed in Midd-
le Europe, and also taken at Rin^s^en in Skaane (Thorns.)* i't is not
improbable that it may be found here also. It lives in old, hollow
trees, which are occupied by Vespa crabro, but it also occurs with
ants, both Formica rufa and Lasius fuliginosus (Janglb.).

8. X. tricolar Fabr.

(Fabr. Want. I, 221; Erichs. Kaif. IZk. Br. I, 427; Jen. Spec. Staph.
331; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 638; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 191; Muls. et Rey
Br^vip. 1877, 56; ianglb. Kaf. U. II, 483).

Broader and larger than the two following species, and especially
identifiable by the color of pronotum, but otherwise rather variable
in color.

Lighter or darker reddish-brown, glistening, sparsely haired, the
head black or brownish-black, pronotum anteriorly yellowish-red or
brownish-red, posteriorly darkly brownish, more rarely entirely yel-
lowtsh-red; elytra yellowish-red; abdomen pith-black or pitch-brown
with lighter tip; antennae and mouth-parts brownish-red; legs reddish-
yellow.

The head is a little broader than pronotum, oval, with convex si-
des and broadly rounded-off temple-corners, at midale simple or sparce-
ly, on sides scatteredly and rather finely punctate, the surface smooth
or indistinctly transversely aciculated; antennae robust, their third

-185-

(Page 436)

joint a little lon^'er than the second; pronotum oblong, anteriorly as

broad as elytra, narrowing posteriorly, at middle polished, with 10-

14 punctures in dorsal rows, punctures on sides irregularly soatter-

ed ; elytra distinctly shorter than pronotum, rather coarsely and not

densely punctated; abdomen with fine and scattered punctation. L. 10-

12 mm.

Distributed in Europe, and not rare in this country under leaves

on high forest ground, more often taken at the mounds of Formica rufa

and Lasius fullginosus. The larva is found in Eyrehaven by Cand. Jensen

1&- 10, 88, and reared.

9. X. laevigatus Jac.

(Jacobsen Skand. Naturf. 5. ?.i. 1849, 678. - distans Kraatz Ins. E.
II, 639; ianglb. Kaf. I/. II, 484. - tricolor var. distans Uuls. et Pey
Brevip. 1877, 71).

Closely allied both to the preceding and following species. From
tricolor, of which it occasionally is treated as a variety, and with
which it corresponds in that the form of the head, although less dis-
tinctly, is oviform and broadest posteriorly, it is easily separated
by the following deviations;

It is smaller and narrower and the color is most often darker;
pronotum is ordinarily unlcolorous pitch-brown with feeble metal re-
flection, or the posterior part is lignter than the anterior; punc-
tation of head, pronotum and elytra is comparatively finer.

From light colored linearis, which it can be like in color, and
rather corresponds with in form and size, it differs mainly in that,

-186 -■

(Paje 437)
the head is distinctly oviform, that the surface of pronotum is enti-
rely smooth, not transversally acioulated, and that it sides is with
less smoothly scattered punctation, but the punctures often partly
arranged in an anteriorly curved, more or less confused or broken row.
L. 7-10 mm.

In the o the posterior margin of the abdominal sixth free dorsal
joint truncate with lonj hairs in margin, and at middle with a more
or less distinct, , obtuse-angular incision. In tricolor and linearis
the posterior margin is more straight than in the Q , but without in-
cision or longer marginal hairs.

Distributed in Middle Europe, and in this country more frequent
than the preceding species; under leaves in woods^ and often in com-
pany with ants, especially Lasius fuliginosus and formica rufa.

IC. X. linearis Oliv.

(Oliv. Ent. Ill, 42; Erichs. Kaf. \h\. Br. I, 42o; :Jen. Spec. Staph.
332; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 641; Muls. at Fey Erevip. 1877, 70; Janglb.
Kaf. M. II, 484. - multipunctatus Thorns. Scand. Col. II, 191).

A narrow, elongate ana uniformly broad species, which in relation
to the precedin'j species is identified especially by the more oblong
form of the head, pronotal punctation and (suitably magnified) as a
rule distinct transversal aciculation.

Black or pitch-black, glistening, finely and sparcely haired; the
thorax in the imago with feeble metal reflexion; elytra pitch-black or
pitch-brown, occasionally yellowish-brown; antennae, mouth-parts, and
legs brownish or yellowish red.

-187-

•Vc

(Page 437)

The heaa (Fig. 124; is as broad as pronotum, oblong, scarcely
broadened posteriorly, at middle smooth, the sides with fine and rath-
er scattered punctation, the surface very finely transversally aci-
culate; antennae robust, after the lonj first joint distinctly genic-
ulated, their second and third Joints of equal length; pronotum anteri-
orly as broad as elytra, narrowing posteriorly, oblong, the surface
very finely, yet distinctly transversally aciculate and with 12-16
punctures in dorsal rows, the sides with rather fine, ana somewhat un-
evenly scattered punctation; elytra as long as, or sometimes a little
shorter than pronotum, rather robustly and densely punctate. L. 7-9 mm.
Fig. 124. Xantholinus linearis Oliv.

Distributed everywhere in Europe and North Asia, and common in this
country, as well on dry as damp ground, not infrequently in company
with ants, especially Formica rufa and lasius fuliginosus.

X. longiventris Heer (Kraatz Ins. Z. II, 641; Thorns. Skand. ':;ol.

II, 191; Muls. et F.ey Bre'vip. 1877, €7] is seemingly only a somewhat

deviating form of linearis. It has longer elytra and fewer (lC-12),

— -(Pa-^e 438)

larger punctures in pronotal rows; head and pronotum with smooth surface

or indistinctly transversally aciculate. - None of these characters are

however settled or unchangeable and therefore not sufficiently strong

to separate the species.

Pare or local (Copenhagen, North-Falster, Odense vicinity, Aalborg) .
77. Jenus Leptecinus Erichs.

(Erichs. Kaf. Kk. Br. I, 429; Kraatz Ins. E. II, 645; Thorns. Pkand.

-188-

(Page 438)
Col. II, 192; Muls. et P.ey Brevip. 1877, 99; ianglb, Kaf. M. II, 486).

The species of this genus are in appearance like small, narrow
Xantholinus — species, and are separated from these mainly only by that
the last Joint of maxillary palpi is very small and spiculiform, much
narrower than the next-lastj forehead anteriorly with four distinct
grooves, inasmuch as the two outer ones are as deep as the middle ones,
they are less obliquely directea in toward the margin of the eye than
is the case with Xantholinus.

In North and Middle Europe 4 species are distributed, which also
are found in Denmark.

Key to Species.

1. The two dorsal punctate rows of pronotum each with 5 rather large

punctures. 1. 6-7 mm 1. L. parumpunctatus iyllh.

Dorsal punctate rows of pronotum each with 8-16 rather fine punc-
tures 2.

2. Dorsal punctate rows of pronotum each with 12-16 punctures. Elytra

posteriorly most often brownish yellow. L. 4-5 mm

2. L. batychrus Jyllh.

Dorsal rows of pronotum each with 8-10 punctures 3.

3. Head and pronotum on surface transversally aciculate. Elytra black.

L. 4 mm 3. L. linearis aravh.

Head and pronotum with smooth surface. Elytra brown, posteriorly

brownish-yellow. The species myrmecophil. L. 3-4 ram

4 . L. formicetorum I.^ark •

■189-

(Page 438)

1. L. parumpunctatus Jyllh.

(Jyllh. Ins. Suec. IV, 481; Erlchs. den. Spec. Staph. 335; Kraatz
Ins. D. II, 648; Ihoras. Skand. Col. II, 193; Kuls. et Pey Brevip. 1877,
102; Janglb. Kaf. i:. II, 487).

Larger than the following species of the genus, and with fewer
punctures in the pronotal dorsal rows; in appearance much like Xantho-
linus ochraceus.

Black, strongly glistening; elytra and the abdomen very sparsely
and finely haired; elytra, especially posteriorly, brownish, their epi-
pleura nearest to the hind corners whitish-yellow; antennae, mouth-
parts, and legs brownish-red.

The head is oblong, posteriorly fully as broad as pronotum, ante-
riorly distinctly narrowing, at middle smooth, on sides and behind eyes
with robust, but not dense punctation, anteriorly with four deep grooves
on forehead; antennae rather robust, their third joint a little short-
er and smaller than the second, the middle ones feebly, the next-last
strongly transverse. Fronotum longer than anteriorly broad, posterior-
ly narrowing, with 5 robust punctures in dorsal rows, and 5 equally ro-
bust in the anteriorly curved side-rows, the ground-surface of head
and pronotum smooth; elytra as long as pronotum with three rather fine,

(Page 439)
somewhat irregular longitudinal punctate rows, and between these with
scattered punctation; abdomen with with fine and scattered punctation.

L. 6-7 mm.

Rare or very rare in this country, in woods and gardens under leaves,

-ISO-

(Page 439)

at hothouse boxes and in compost, also at fungi. (Copenhagen, Hlller/^d;

Randers, Aalborg and several other places). 'Videly distributed in Europe

and Asia, also known from Abyssinia, Cuba, New Caledonia, Australia,

et. al. (Janglb.).

2. L. batychrus Jyllh.

(Jyllh. Ins. Suec. IV, 480; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 42£; Jen. Spec.
Staph. 335; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 649; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 153; ruls.
et Fey Brevip. 1877, 105; Sanglb. Kaf. M. II, 487. - apicalis Steph.
111. Brit. V, 260).

Considerably smaller than the preceding species, and in relation
to this espeiiially identifiable by the numerous punctures in the pro-
notal rows.

Pitch-black or black, ^-listening; elytra brownish, toward the pos-
terior margin oftenest brownish-yellow, elytra and abdomen very sparse-
ly and finely haired; antennae, mouth-parts, and legs brownish-red.

Head oblong, posteriorly fully as broad as pronotum, anteriorly feeb-
ly narrowing, the sides rather densely and finely punctate, the surface
feebly transverselly aciculatea; pronotum oblong, anteriorly about as
broad as elytra, posteriorly distinctly narrowing, the dorsum with 12-16
rather fine punctures in each dorsal row, and a similar number in the
anteriorly curved side-rows, the surface extremely feebly transversal-
ly aciculated, almost smooth; elytra as long as pronotum, with three
fine punctate rows, intervals and at tip with scattered and fine punc-
tation; abdomen with fine and scattered punctation. L. 4-5 mm.

Father rare, but distributed; in woods and gardens at rotting plant-
matter. Europe, Asia, ::orth America and Australia.

-191-

(Page 439)

3. L« linearis jravh.

(iravh. Micr. 43; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 649; Thorns. Skand. Col. II,
193; Muls. at Fey Bre'vip. 1877, 110. - sulcifrons Steph. 111. Brit. V,
260. - batychrus var. linearis Janglb. Kaf. K. II, 487).

I\iuch like batychrus, of which it is occasionally treated as a vari-
ety. It differs from batychrus by the following characteristics:

It is ordinarily somewhat smaller and nariov.er, also of darker col-
or; elytra most often entirely black, rarely brownish at tip; the head
a little less, and the sides less densely punctate, and in each of the
pronotal dorsal rows fewer punctures are counted^ only about 8-10; the
surface of head and pronotum somewhat more distinctly trandversally
aciculated. L. 4. mm.

Like the preceding species in woods and gardens at rotting plants,
in compost and at hothouse boxes, and not rare in this country, also
found in alluvium. Distributed in most of the continents like the pre-
ceding species.

(Page 440)

4, L. formicetorum Mark.

(Mark. ierm. Ztschr. Ill, 216; Kraatz Ins. D. II. 650; Thorns. Skand.
Col. II, 193; Muls. et Fey Br^vip. 1877, 113; JJanglb, Kaf. M. II, 488).

Very fine and narrow, considerably smaller, especially narrower than

linearis, and of lighter color than this, with which it in regard to the

number of punctures in pronotal rows, and punctation of elytra etc. almost

entirely corresponds.

Black or pitch-black, strongly glistening, elytra brownish, posteri-
orly brownish-yellow, these and abdomen very sparsely and finely haired;
tip of abdomen often brownish; antennae, mouth-parts, and legs yellowish-
red.

-192-

(Page 440)

The head is fully as broad as pronotum, feebly narrowing anteriorly,
the sides with fine and scattered punctation; antennal third joint
very short, rounded; pronotum oblong, slightly narrowing posteriorly
with 8-10 punctures in each of dorsal and side rows, pronotum and head
with ground-surface smooth or very indistinctly transversally aciculat-
ed; elytra as long as pronotum, elytra and abdomen punctated about as
in the preceding species. L. 3-4 mm.

It lives in the mounds with Formica rufa and pratensis, and is with
these ants distributed everywhere in this country, and not rare.
The ants seems to ignore or tolerate it. ""hen a mound is abandoned by
the ants, it, together with many other ant-guests moves along, or seeks
out some other mound. Outside of ant mounds it is not found. North and
Middle Europe, Spain, Cyprus.

•193-

(Page 441)

4. Uroup Paederini.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Brand. I, 1837, 499; uen. Spec, Staph. 56C ; Kraatz
Ins. Deutschl. II, 662; Janglb. Kaf. lUtteleur. II, 494. - Faederlna
Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 194. - Pederiens Muls. at F.ey Brevip. 1878, 1.

The prosternal spiracula are ordinarily not visible, being covered
by the pronotal inflexed, and posteriorly dilated (with pro-humeri con-
nate) side-margins, only exceptionally uncovered (Cryptobium, Lito-
eharis) . Behind the fore-coxae the sternum at middle is either mem-
branous or chitinous (Astenus) . The antennae are 11-jointed, inserted
beneath the angle- or axe-formed, protruding anterior corners of the
forehead, above base of the mandibles, before the eyes.

The body is narrowly elongate, and most often rather round, rarely
somewhat flat (Achenium) ; the head porrect, posteriorly strongly, of-
ten very strongly neck-f ormedly constricted, and the neck thereby of-
ten especially narrow; the eyes small, antennae moliniform or filiform,
rarely geniculate (Cryptobium) ; mandibles prominent, provided with one,
or several teeth. The last joint of maxillary palpi is remarkably small,
subuliform or acicular, sometimes "wart-formed" tuberculif orm -(Paederus)
or scarcely visible (Stilicus).

Pronotum is differently formed; scutellum visible; elytra almost of
same length as the sternum; abdomen most often elongate, its sides with
margins (or ridges); the next-last (ninth- seventh free) dorsal joint
is either divided into two, more or less narrow side-pieces or squarely

-1-

(Page 441)
incised, deepest in the Q . Fore-coxae are prominent and conical, the
middle ones narrowly separated, the hindmost shortly conical; anterior
femora sometimes strongly thickened, and on inner side tooth-f ormedly
dilated (Lathrobium, Achenium) , tibiae most often without spines, tar-

:?!

si 5-jointed; fore-tarsi not infrequently dilated, especially inctbeo.
The sex-characters of the d , which ordinarily are found more or less
developed in the abdominal fifth and sixth ventral joints, affords in
many instances important features for the exact determination of species.

The few larvae, which heretofore are known with certainty, (of gen-
era Lathrobium, Paederus, Stilicus) adhere mainly to the larvae of group
Staphylinini (ianglb.).

Heretofore about 4C Paederini species are found in this country.

The group is sometimes divided (Iv'uls. et Key, Seidlitz) according to

characters of tarsi and neck into several, us concerning, into three

divisions.

(Page 442)

Key to (Divisions and) Gfenera.

1. Hind-tarsal fourth joint simple and undivided 2.

Hind-tarsal fourth joint divided into two, in Astenus membranous,

lobes, between which the claw-joint is fastened (Paederina :,:u1e.
et Rey, Seidlitz) 8'

2. The neck almost i as broad as head, pronotum anteriorly not taper-

ing (Lathrobiina wuls. etRey, Seidlitz) 3.

The neck very thin, only 1/8 as broad as head, "knob-f ormed» ; pro-
notum anteriorly tapering forwardly (Scopaeina ^;uls. et Rey,

-2-

(Page 442)
Seidlitz) 7.

3. Antennae straight, not geniculate 4.

Antennae after the long, scape-formed first joint, geniculate....

,78. Cryptobium Mannh.

4. Hind-tarsal first joint short, as long as, or a little shorter than

the second. Fore-femora and fore-tibiae remarkably thick, fore-
femora on ventral margin obtusely or tooth-formedly dilated.

Fore-tarsi in both sexes strongly dilated 5.

Hind-tarsal first joint somewhat elongate, noticeably longer than

the second. Fore-femora only feebly, fore-tibiae scarcely thick-
ened. Fore-tarsi only in the (5^ sometimes feebly dilated 6.

5. Pronotal fore-corners prominent. Hind-tarsal claw-joint long. Body

flat 79. Achenium Curt.

Pronotal fore-corners deflected and rounded off. Hind-tarsal claw-
joint rather short. Body rather round or convex

80. Lathrobium ^ravh.

6. Eyes rather small, shorter than temples 81. ^'edon Steph.

Eyes larger, as long as temples 82. Lithocharis Lac.

7. Hind tibiae at tip obliquely truncated. Head scarcely broader than

pronotum. Body very narrow and rather small... 83. Scopaeus Er.
Hind tibiae at tip almost rectangularly truncated. Head much

broader than pronotum 83. Stilicus Latr.

8. Pronotum polished, sparsely punctated. Species rather large....

85. Paederus Fabr.

-3-

(Page 442)
Pronotum dull, densely punctate. Species smaller, narrow and elon-
gate 86. Astenus Steph.

(Lathrobllna L^uls. et Rey, Seidlitz).

78. Senus Cryptoblum Mannh.

(Mannh. Brach. 38; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 500; 3en. Spec. Staph.
561; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 694; Thorns Skand Col. II, 201; Muls. et Rey
Brevip. 1878, 4; Janglb. Kaf. I.:. II, 4S5).

VTithin the group this genus is distinguished, and easily identifi-
ed by the antennae, which, after the long, scape-formed first joint are
strongly geniculate (Fig. 125). Other characteristics are:

Labrum at middle with an acute incision, of which the corners are
acutely tooth-shaped; mandibles are long, sickle-shaped, two-three tooth-
ed; maxillary palpal fourth Joint very small and acicular, almost hid-
den in the end of the third, which is club-formed, and proportionately
large. Legs are slender, tarsi simple, first joint of hind tarsi elon-
gate and as long as the claw-joint, the fourth undivided.

Only 1 species lives in Europe, which also is found in this coun-
try, and occurs on damp ground.

Fig. 125. Gryptobium fracticorne Payk.

(Page 443)
1. C. fracticorne Payk.

(Payk. Faun. Suec. Ill, 430; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 500; Jen. Spec.
Staph. 575; Kraatz Ins D. II, 202; Muls et Rey Brevip. 1878. 6; Janglb.
Kaf. M. II, 49t).

A slender, rather uniformly broad species, of which the main char-
acters coincide with those of the genus.

-4-

(Page 443)

Black, glistening, with very fine, and on head and pronotum espe-
cially sparse, black hair; antennae brownish, most often lighter to-
ward the tip; the legs reddish or brownish yellow.

The head (Fig. 125) is rather large, oblong, with scattered, and
particularly to the fore, rather coarse punctation, with small eyes,
and in front of these with a short groove, which partly serves as re-
ceptical for the antennal scape-formed first, feebly club-shaped joint,
which is as long as the four following Joints together; the antennal
next-last joints as long as broad. Pronotum is a little narrower than
elytra, but a little broader than the head, longer than broad, with
feebly rounded sides, the dorsum with two punctate rows, consisting of
numerous rather fine punctures, the rows separated by a rather narrow,
polished and smooth interval, the sides with irregularly scattered
punctation. Elytra aFQ,in winged spesimens, as long as pronotum, in the
wingless somewhat shorter than pronotum, with rather robust, dense
punctation; abdomen with extremely fine and dense punctation, and due
to this, with modulated shine. L. 5-6 mm.

In the 3 the abdominal sixth ventral joint deeply and acutely in-
cised, the fifth posteriorly at middle slightly impressed.

On meadow- and damp woodland ground, in alluvium at water-edges;
distributed everywhere in Europe, not rare in this country, but most-
ly found singly.

79. ^enus Achenium Curt.

(Curtis Brit. Ent. Ill, 1826 I. 115; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 501;
Jen. Spec. Staph. 581; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 686; Luis, et Rey Brevip. 1878.
14; Janglb. Kaf. r.. II, 4£7).

(Page 443)
The body flat; head anteriorly narrowing, almost triangular; an-
tennae slender and rather fine; pronotum posteriorly narrowing, its
fore-corners projecting and rather sharp; anterior femora, like those
in following genus, the ventral margin obtusely tooth-f ormedly dilat-
ed (cf. Fig. 126); fore-tibiae strongly broadened toward tip, at middle
with a convex process opposed to the tooth of the femora; fore-tarsi
in both sexes strongly dilated; posterior femora often thickened, hind
tarsi proportionately thin, their claw-joint long, as long as the four
preceding joints together. The foremost abdominal ventral joints with-
out carina in middle-line. - For the rest this genus is very closely
allied to the following.

A number of species belonging to this genus are distributed in the
countries bordering the Mediterranian sea, a few in Liiddle Europe; of
these 1, perhaps 2, in Denmark. They live on damp ground under moss and
stones, and at the root of plants.

(Page 444)
Key to Species.
1. Elytra as long as pronotum, brownish-yellow, at base - or further

distributed - often darker. L. 7 mm 1. A. humile Nicol.

Elytra distinctly longer than pronotum, red, at base broadly, some-
times till above middle black. L. 8 mm... 2. A. depressum ^ravh.
1. A. humile Nicol.

(Nicol. Col. Hal. 1822, 38; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I. 501; Sen. Spec.
Staph. 586; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 690; Muls. et Rey Brevip. 1878, 21; ianglb.
Kaf. I'.. II, 498).

-6-

(Page 444)

In appearance very much like a medium sized Lathrobium; particularly
distlnguisable by the flat form of the body, and by the color of elytra.

Brown or pitch-brown, glistening; pronotum with very sparse, abdomen
with somewhat denser, very fine hair; head and pronotum often brownish-
black, occasionally reddish-brown; elytra brownish-yellow, at base nar-
rowly, or more widely dark; abdominal tip reddish-brown; antennae, mouth-
parts, and legs yellowish-red.

The head posteriorly as broad as pronotum, from the middle forwardly
strongly narrowing, with rather pronounced hind-corners, and with small
eyes, on sides with sparse and rather robust, at middle with simple punc-
tation; antennae long and slender, all Joints at least twice as long as
broad; pronotum anteriorly as broad as elytra with almost straight fore-
margin, and prominent, rather sharp fore-corners, posteriorly narrowing
and with rounded off hind corners, at middle smooth, the middle-line oc-
casionally finely grooved, on each side of the smooth middle with a part-
ly double-rowed, of many fine punctures consisting punctate row, poste-
riorly at side of this row with a short smooth plane, otherwheres on si-
des finely and not densely punctate; elytra scarcely longer than pronotum,
with scattered and rather fine, here and there row-formed punctation;
abdomen with fine and rather dense punctation, its sides slightly round-
ed. L* 7 mm.

In the (5^ the abdominal sixth ventral joint at tip broadly, obtusely
angularly emarginate.

Distributed in Middle Europe, very rare in this country. On marshy

-7-

(Page 444)

ground west of Ribe (Outer Bjerrum 27. 5. 1857 Dr. F. Ii/lelnert), on the

beach under seaweeds at Esbjerg (5. 1897 Jensen-Haarup and Konsv. L/b'ven-

dal); Engtofte, Lolland (20. 6. 1876??. Schlick).

2. A. depressum Jravh.

(Jravh. Micr. 182; Muls. et Rey Bre'vlp. 1878, 17; iianglb. Kaf. 'Z.
II, 498).

Much like the preceding species, but as a rule somewhat larger and
mainly deviating from this in color.

Black, head and pronotum especially strongly glistening; elytra red,
at base narrowly, or till above middle extending black, rarely with only
the hind corners red (var. ephippium Er.) or entirely red (var. rubrlpen-
ne Reitt.); the apex of the abdominal tip brownish; antennae and mouth-
parts rust-redj legs yellowish red, sometimes darker.

(Page 445)

Pronotal punctate rows very fine, more irregularly double than in
humile, and are posteriorly often placed in feebly suggested longitudi-
nal impressions; elytra are most often distinctly a little longer than
pronotum, with a little sparser, and oftenest more distinctly row-form-
ed punctation than in the preceding species; sex characters on the abdo-
minal fifth and sixth ventral joint are in the d formed like those of
the preceding species. L. 8 ma.

A single specimen from Falster (12. 8. 1902 Esb. Petersen) in my col-
lection with extensively black elytra apparently belong to this species,
known from South and Middle Europe.

-8-

(Page 445)

80. Jenus Lathroblum Oravh.

(CJravh. Micr. 1806, 130; Brichs. Jen. Spec. Staph. 588; Kraatz Ins.
D. II, 670; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 197; Muls et Rey Bre'vlp. 1878, 26;
ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 501).

The body is elongate, more or less cylindric; the head porrect. ob-
long or rounded, most often as broad as pronotum, with narrow or rather
narrow neck, and with small eyes; labrura most often deeply cleft; man-
dibliBs on Inner margin toothed; last joint of maxillary palpi very small,
spiculiform; antennae straight, filiform, their first joint longest.

Pronotum most often oblong with parallel sides and with deflected,
slightly rounded-off fore-corners, at the middle line smooth, elsewhere
punctated; elytra as a rule longer than pronotum, but in several species,
of which both winged and Wingless forms occur, they are in the wingless
forms most often shorter than pronotum. Abdomen is of equal breadth,
only tapering posteriorly, its first ventral joint at middle finely carl-
nated, the fifth and sixth often provided with sex-characters, which
serve as important identification marks of species. The legs are rather
short; front-femora strongly thickened (Fig. 126), on ventral margin
obtusely tooth-formedly dilated; tibiae not spiniferous, the foremost
coarsely, on inner side groove-f ormedly produced, the hindmost at tip
obliquely truncated, and here the margin is densely haired; fore-tarsi
in both sexes strongly dilated, first Joint of hind tarsi short, a little
shorter than the second, their claw-joint rather short, hardly as long
as the other joints together.

About twenty species are found distributed in Middle and North Europe;

Fig. 126. front leg of Lathrobium fulvipenne _;ravh.

-9-

(Page 445)
of which 13-14 also make their home with us. They live on damp ground,
as well in as outside of forests, often at water edges in alluvium, un-
der leaves and stones.

Key to Subgenera and Species.

1. Elytra with single side-marginal ridge 2.

Elytra with double side-marginal ridge, rowed punctation: 1. Subg.

Lobrathium Muls. - Pronotum with even, rather dense and coarse

punctation, with smooth middle-line. L. 7-6 ma

1. multipunctum Gtravh.

(Page 446)

2. Neck of the head very narrow, hardly 1/3 as broad as the head, which

is rounded and narrower than pronotum: 2. Subg. Tetartopeus C2wal..3.
Neck of the head broader, about half as broad as head, which is more
or less oblong, and only exceptionally narrower than pronotum:
3. Subg. Lathrobium s. str.... 4.

3. Elytra rather dull, oftenest entirely black. Legs pitch-black or

brownish-red. L. 7-8 mm 2. L. guadratum Payk.

Elytra glistening, black, most often with reddish-yellow outer hind

corners. Legs reddish or brownish yellow. L. 6-7 mm

3. L. terminatum 3ravh .

4. Body black with either entirely black or partly red or brownish

elytra • ^«

Body with reddish or brownish-yellow elytra, occasionally with

darker abdomen ^^'

-10-

(Pa^e 446)

5. Elytra red or brownish-red and at base at larjjer or smaller exten*

sion black, or black with brownish suture and posterior margin: 6.
Elytra entirely black 9.

6. Head all over with dense, even and coarse punctation. L. 6-7 mm

4, L. rufipenne Jyllh.

Head on sides with rather fine and dense, at middle more sparse punc-
tation 7.

7. Abdominal sixth ventral joint in the o with a longitudinal groove

in middle line, which on the sides are bordered with closely set
black hair, and terminates in a more or less distinct incision

(Fig. 139 and 130) 8.

Abdominal sixth ventral joint in the O not, or only with a feeble
longitudinal groove, and without arranged rows of hair, at tip
with obtuse angular incision. L. g-9 mm.... 5. L. fulvipenne 5ravh.

8. Abdominal sixth ventral joint in the O in tip between hair-rows with

acute angular incision. Elytra distinctly longer and broader than

pronotum. L. 8-9 mm 6. L. elon^atum Linn.

Abdominal sixth ventral joint in the 6 in tip between hair-rows only
feebly incurved . 2llytra scarcely longer than pronotum. L. 8-9 mm.
7. L. :;eminum Kr.

9. The head noticeably a little narrower than pronotum 10.

The head at least as broad as pronotum 11«

10. Legs ordinarily of a clear yellowish-red. Species large. L. 8-10 mm.

.,... 8. L. brunnipes Fabr.

-11-

(Page 446)

Legs reddish or yellowish brown. Species smaller. L. 6-7 mm

9. L. fovulum Steph.

11. Legs blackish-brown with lighter knees and tarsi. L. 6 mm

10. L. filiforme iravh.

Le^s reddish-yellow. Species small, very narrow, L. 4-5 mm

11. L. lon^ulum Jravh.

12. Abdomen rather glistening, densely and very finely punctate. Species

very narrow. L. 4.5-5 mm 12. L. dilutum Er.

Abdomen dull, extremely densely and finely punctate, darker than the
thorax. Species broader. L. 5-6 mm 13. L. pallidum Nordm.

1. Subgenus Lobrathium I^uls. et Rey.

1. L. multipunctum CJravh.

(Jravh. !.!lcr. 52; Erichs. Kaf. ^:k. Br. I, 506; (Jen. Spec. Staph. 591;
Kraatz Ins. C. II, 676; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 200. T.iuls et Fey Brevip. 187§ ,
82; Tanglb. Kaf. M. II, 506).

Distinguished, and easily identified by the elytral rowed punctation
and double side-marginal borders (or ridges).

Black, pitch-brown or reddish-brown, glistening; elytra very sparse-
ly, abdomen more densely haired; elytra brownish-red, often darker at
base; abdominal tip reddish-brown or yellowish-brown; antennae and mouth-
parts rust-red, legs yellowish-red.

Body slender and cylindrical; head a little broader than pronotum,
rounded-square, with coarse and dense, at middle rather sijarse punctation;

(Page 447)
antennae slender; pronotum oblong with parallel sides, a little narrower

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(Page 447)
than elytra, rather coarsely and densely punctate with smooth middle-
line; elytra most often as long as pronotum, sometimes a little longer
than same, with coarse and dense rowed punctation, and on the deflected
side-margin with two, very fine parallel side ridges; abdomen with fine
and rather dense punctation. L. 7-8 mm.

In the d* the abdominal sixth ventral Joint at tip deeply and nar-
rowly incised, and above the incision grooved; the fifth joint at middle
with two small bosses placed close together and is behind these broad-
ly impressed.

Local and as a whole rare. It is found preferably on or near the
beach, under stones, at roots of plants, on damp slopes, at the outflow
of streams etc. (^illeleje, Hulerjfld, Tisvilde and several other places
in Sjaelland; Pomlenakke Strand in Falster; Bornholm; Fyen; Strand at
Aarhus). Hhere it is found the larvae is presumably also to be discovered.
Distributed in the main part of Europe, in Algiers and Madeira.

2. Subgenus Tetartopeus Czwal.

2. L. quadratum Peyk.

(Payk. Mon. Staph. 2S; Erichs. Kaf. Uk. Br. I, 507; Oen. Spec. Staph.
595; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 678; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 200; Muls. et Rey
Br^vip. 1878, 68; ianglb. Kfif. M. II, 508).

Broadest across the elytra, to the fore and the back narrowing, iden-
tified especially by the rounded shape of the head and very narrow neck,
also by the ordinarily unicolorous black elytra.

Black; head and pronotum glistening; elytra with dull shine, together
with the dull abdomen finely haired; antennae, mouth-parts, and legs pitch-

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brown or brownish-red. Elytra rarely with a yellow spot on the outer hind

corners.

*)
Head narrower than pronotum, rounded, with a narrow, almost "knob-
formed" neck, which hardly is a l/3 as broad as the head, on sides with
rather fine and dense, at middle more sparse punctatlon; antennae long
and slender, and feebly thinned outwardly, all their joints longer than
broad; pronotum much narrower than elytra, a little longer than broad,
with almost parallel sides and rounded off corners, with rather robust
and dense punctation, and with smooth middle-line; elytra distinctly
longer than pronotum, finely and rather densely punctate; abdomen with
extremely fine and dense punctation. L. 7-8 mm.

In the o the abdominal sixth free dorsal joint is elongated ending
in a fine point; in the ^ the sixth ventral joint with a narrow angular
incision, and the two preceding joints at middle flatly grooved.

Distributed in Europe and not rare in this country, on damp ground,
sometimes quite numerous in alluvium and under stones at water edges.
Most likely the larvae can be found at the same places as the beetle.

(Page 448)
3. L. terminatum Jravh.

(iJravh. Uicr. 55: Kraatz Ins. D. II, 679; Thoms. Skand. Col. II, 200;
Muls et Rey Brevip. 1878, 71; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 509. - quadratum var.
b. Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 5C7; Jen. Spec. Staph. 5S5).

Smaller and narrower than quadratum, to which it is very closely al-
lied, and of which it sometimes is treated as a variety, but however,
besides by the difference in size, it can ordinarily be separated in that,

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*) or bud-shaped -.

(Page 448)
the elytra are glistening, their outer bind oorners, the antennal first
joint and tip, also the legs are most often reddish or brownish yellow,
that the head is a little narrower and lon£jer, elytra robustlier punctate,
and that the abdominal sixth free dorsal joint in the o is elongated in-
to a broader, more tongue-formed tip. L. 6-7 mm.

As widely distributed as, and not rarer than the preceding species;
on damp ground, in alluvium, under leaves etc.

3. Subgenus Lathrobium s. str.

4. L. rufipenne Jyllh.

(Jyllh. Ins. Suec. Ill, 704; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 505; Gen. Spec.
Staph. 551; Kraat? Ins. D. II. 675; Ihoms. Skand. Col. II, 190; Muls.
et Key Brevip. 1878, 46; Sanglb. Kaf. ^^ II, 510).

Smaller and more slender than elongatum, geminum, and fulvipenne,
and in relation to these, furthermore recognizeable by the coarser, more
smoothly dense punctation of the head.

Black, glistening; thorax sparsely, abdomen somewhat denser haired;
elytra red, their anterior third part black; antennae, mouth-parts, and
legs yellowish-red.

The head as broad as pronotum, feebly oviform, the entire dorsal si-
de as well as the ventral side with dense, even and coarse punctation;
the antennae rather robust, their distal joints about as broad as long;
pronotum a little narrower than elytra, oblong, about as coarsely, but
not quite as densely punctated as the head, the middle-line smooth; ely-
tra a little longer than pronotum, with rather fine, and not dense, here
and there obliquely row-forming punctation; abdomen densely and finely
punctate. L. 6-7 mm.

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(Page 448)
In the o the abdominal fifth and sixth ventral Joints are at mldale
slightly grooved, and the sixth furthermore feebly emarginate at tip.

In this country heretofore seemingly not found outside of Sjaelland,
and there rare and local; in alluvium, under moss and vegetation at lakes
and marshy woodland pools (Vicinity of Copenhagen, Amager, Lyngby moors,
Flommen at Sorji). Distributed mostly in North Europe, reaching up to Lap-
land.

5. L. fulvipenne Jravh.

(^ravh. Mon. 104; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 505; Jen. Spec. Staph. 590;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 674; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 198; Muls. et Rey Br^vip.
1878, 45; 3anglb. Kaf. M. II, 512).

Very closely allied to elon^atum, and at times quite difficult to

separate it from this. As a rule the red color of the elytra is darker,

more brownish, the body a little more slender, head and pronotum narrower;

(Page 449)

but most surely the species are separated by the difference of sex-char-

acters in the Oo*

Black, glistening; elytra and abdomen finely haired; elytra either
entirely red with a narrow black base (var. Letzneri 5erh.) or entirely
brownish-red; antennae and mouth-parts red, legs yellowish-red.

Body of uniform breadth and slender; head as broad as pronotum, feeb-
ly oviform, on sides with rather dense and robust, at middle with more
scattered punctation; antennae slender, their middle joints a littie
longer than broad; pronotum oblong with parallel sides, a little narrow-
er than elytra, robustly and rather densely punctate, at middle line smooth;

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(Page 449)
elytra in the winged form (var. Letzneri) as lon^ as pronotum, in the
wingless, typical form, a little shorter than pronotum, and slightly
Impressed, In both rather robust and densely punctate, their posterior
margin from corner to suture very finely, yet distinctly marginated;
abdomen finely and densely punctate. L. 8-S mm.

In the c? the abdominal fifth and sixth ventral joint at middle very
feebly or indistinctly grooved, without arranged hair-rows as in the two
following species, the sixth joint at tip rather feebly produced (Fig. 127).
In the Q the incision of the seventh free dorsal joint is as broad as
long (which however only can be seen when the abdominal tip is drawn in).
In other species this incision in the O is longer than broad.

Distributed everywhere in North and Middle Europe, rather frequent

in this country, as well in as outside of forests, on damp ground, under

leaves, in alluvium at shores and like places.

Fig. 127. Abdominal tip, seen from ventral side, in Lathrobium
fulvipenne Jravh. d"' •

6. L. elongatum Linn.

(Linne Syst. Nat. I, 2, 685; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 504; Jen. Spec.
Staph. 589; Kraatz Ins. E. 672; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 198; Muls. et Pey
Br^vip. 1878, 34; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 510).

Elongate, of rather uniform breadth, among most closely allied species

especially identified by the sex-characters of O .

black, glistening; elytra and abdomen finely haired; elytra most

often vividly red, and their anterior third bounded black, more rarely

almost entirely black, and only darkly reddish-brown nearest posterior

margin and sutural corners (var. fraudulentum Janglb.), antennae orowa-

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(Page 449)

ish-red; mouth-parts and legs yellowish red; coxae blackish-brown.

Fig. 128. Abdominal four last ventral joints in Lathrobium elon-
gatum Linn. (5^ .

Head as broad as pronotum, almost as broad as long with nearly par-
allel sides, the sides with rather dense and robust, the middle with

sparse punctation; (Page 450) antennae rather

robust, their middle joints scarcely longer than broadj pronotum a little
narrower than elytra, oblong, with parallel sides, robustly and rather
densely punctate, at middle line smooth; elytra distinctly longer than
pronotum, with rather robust and dense punctation, their posterior mar-
gin very finely marginate nearest to the duter hind corners (cf .fulvipenne);
abdomen with dense and very fine punctation. L. 8-9 mm.

In the. 5^' the abdominal fourth ventral joint at middle with a sugges-
tion of a groove, the fifth with a feeble, and the sixth with a rather
deep groove, which on the sixth joint ends in an angular incision in the
posterior margin, the groove on each side of its posterior part is bor-
dered with short black bristles (Fig. 123). In the ^ the seventh free
dorsal joint with a square incision, which is twice as long as broad.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe; common everywhere in our

country, especially in woods on damp ground, under leaves, also at the

edges of brooks and lakes in alluvium. The larvae is found at Fur-Lake

and reared (v;. Schlick, 7. 97).

7. L. ^eminum Kr.

(Kraatz Ins. D. II, 673; i-'.ul s. et Rey Brevip. 1878, 37; 7anglb. Kaf.
II. II, 511. - boreale Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 198).

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(Page 450)
Very closely allied to, and in appearance much like elon^atum, how-
ever of more uniform breadth, and often somewhat more robust (Fig. 129);
in comparison with elon^'^atum especially recognized by the following details!
Elytra are reddish brown, at base most often black without being sharp-
ly bounded; rarely entirely black (var. vol^^ense Hochh.) ; punctation of
head on dorsal side less dense, on ventral side fine and scattered, much
finer and more scattered than in elongatum; pronotum broader than in
same, however hardly as broad as elytra, these not longer than pronotum,
with robust and rather dense punctation. L. 8-9 mm.

In the o' the abdominal sixth ventral joint in middle-line posterlo-
ly grooved, but feebly or scarcely emarginate at tip (Fig. 130); the
groove is on each side bordered with densely set, short, black hairs.
Fig. 129. Lathrobium iieminum Kr.
Distributed in Europe; rare and local in this country, heretofore
seeningly found only here and there in Sjaelland, on meadow or marsh-
ground, under moss, old mouldy hay, and in alluvium, morfc often in com-
pany with elongatum. In Middle Europe said to be more frequent than
same (Janglb.), rare in Sweeden (Thorns.).

(Page 451)
A very closely allied, a little smaller species is L. ripicola Czwal.
(boreale I'.uls.). It deviates from geminum and elongatum in that, the
coxae are yellowish-red, lighter than in these, and that the head is ful-
ly as broad as pronotum; elytra are either entirely red, or very limitedly
dark at base, in regard to the punctation of the head, and sex-characters

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in the o it is similar to .^eminum. L. 7.5-8.5 mm. (»langlb.).

Fig. 13C. Abdominal last two ventral joints in Lathrob. j^eminum
Linn. ^ .

In lyliddle Europe this species is rare, in this country it has so far

not been identified, but is not improbable.

8. L. brunnipes Fabr.

(Fabr. Bnt. Syst. I, 2, 537; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 503; Jen. Spec.
Staph. 588; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 672; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 198; Muls. et
Pey Br^vip. 1878, 50; ianglb. Kaf. M. II, 513).

A little larger and more robust than elongatum; besides by the size,
inter alia also easily identified by the color.

Black, glistening; elytra and abdomen finely haired; antennae, mouth-
parts, and legs red or brownish-red, the legs often yellowish-red.

The head is distinctly a little narrower than pronotum, short oval,
the sides with rather fine. and dense, at middle with scattered or spar-
se punctation; antennae rather slender, their middle joints, especially
in the o" , longer than broad; pronotum a little narrower than elytra,
oblong, with parallel sides and rounded off corners, with robust and not
dense punctation, with smooth middle-line; elytra in the wingless form
(typical form) as long as pronotum, in the winged form (var. luteipes
Fauv.) a little longer than pronotum, much finer, but not denser punc-
tated than pronotum; abdomen densely and especially finely punctate;
with somewhat dull shine; legs robust. L. 8-10 mm.

In the <5'the abdominal fifth ventral joint posteriorly at middle
with a deep triangular impression, the sixth with a deeply depressed
longitudinal groove, and in tip of the groove furthermore with a deep

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(Pa^e 451)

sharp incision. In the p the sixth ventral Joint is tongue-f ormedly

elongated and at each side produced; the seventh free dorsal Joint in

the p with a carina in middle-line.

Distributed everywhere in Korth and Middle Europe, and is common

in this country, on damp ground, in woods under leaves, at water edges

in alluvium. The larvae is found and reared by Cand. '^. Schlick (15. 9.

1894).

9. L. fovulum Fabr.

(Steph. 111. Brit. V, 270; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 513. - punetatum
Erichs. Kaf. Mk. br. I, 5C8; Sen. Spec. Staph. 60C ; Kraatz Ins. E. II.
679; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 199; I'.uls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1878, 54).

Considerably smaller than brunnipes and with darher legs; somewhat
more robust than the following species, f ilif orme. but with proportio-
nately smaller head than this; for the rest identified by the color.

(Page 452)

Black; pronotum glistening; abdomen dull, together with elytra fine-
ly haired; antennae and mouth-parts rust-red, legs brownish red.

The head is distinctly narrower than pronotum, oval, the sides with
rather fine, the middle with isolated punctation; the antennae slender,
their middle Joints longer than broad; pronotum as broad as elytra, oblong,
with parallel sides, with rather robust and sparse punctation, at middle
line smooth; elytra most often as long as, or a little shorter than pro-
notum (typical form), more rarely longer than pronotum (var. heteropterum
Epp.). with rather fine and sparse punctation; abdomen extremely densely
and finely punctate. L. 6-7 mm.

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(Page 452)

In the o the abdominal fifth ventral joint in middle-line feebly,
the sixth more distinctly grooved, and the posterior margin with an
angular incision. In the O the seventh free dorsal joint in middle-line
with a short and sharp carina.

Distributed in Europe; with us it is rare and local; most often

found in woodland marshes north of Copenhagen and at Fiiller^d, however

also in "Vest Sjaelland and at Aalborg. Fare in Swe^den and in southern

Norway, somewhat more frequent in Middle Europe.

IC. L. filiforme Jravh.

(:iravh. Mon. 134; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 508; ien. Spec. Staph.

601; Kraatz Ins. D. II, 681; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 201; Muls. et Fey

Bre'vip. 1878, 56; Janglb. Kaf. M. II, 513. - lineare Jyllh. Ins. Suec.
II, 370).

Narrow, slender and of uniform breadth; identified especially by
comparatively broad head, and by the color of the legs.

Black, glistening; elytra and abdomen sparsely haired; antennae and
mouth-parts rust-red; legs blackish-brown with rust-red tarsi and knees.

The head (Fig. 131) is as broad as pronotum, short oval, with rather
fine and scattered, at middle sparse punctation; the antennae shorter,
and more robust than in fovulum, their third joint shorter, not longer
than the second, the middle joints as broad as long; pronotum oblong
with almost parallel sides, about as broad as elytra, with rather robust
and dense punctation, at middle-line smooth; elytra in the wingless form
(typical form) shorter than pronotum, in the winged form as long as pro-
notum, rather densely and finely punctate^ abdomen with very fine, dense
punctation. L. 6 mm.

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(Page 452)

In the O the abdominal sixth ventral joint at middle with a feeble

groove, which terminates in a small angular incision. In both sexes

the side-pieces of the seventh free dorsal Joint are thorn-shapely

tapering, and slightly upcurved.

Distributed in North and Middle Europe, and in this country not

rare on damp forest or meadow ground, or in alluvium at water edges.

Fig. 131. Lathrobium filiforme iiravh.

(Page 453)

11. L. lon^ulum Gravh.

(Jravh. Uicr. 53; Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Dr. I, 510j ien. Spec. Staph. 602;
Kraatz Ins. D. II, 681; Thorns. Skand. Col. II, 201; Muls. et Rey Br^vip.
1878, 59; Ganglb. Kaf. M. II, 514).

The smallest European species of the genus, very narrow, of uniform
breadth and cylindrical, much smaller than filiforme and with lighter
legs than same.

Black, glistening; elytra and abdomen finely haired; antennae, mouth-
parts and legs yellowish-red.

The head is distinctly broader than pronotum, feebly oviform, the
sides with rather robust and scattered punctation, at middle with more
sparse punctation; antennae proportionately robust, their snort third
joint not longer than the second, the following as broad as long; pro-
notum as broad as elytra, li times as long as broad, with robust and
rather dense punctation, and smooth middle-line; elytra as long as prj)-
notum (typical form), rarely longer than pronotum (var. lon-l£enne Fairm. ) ,
elytra not denser but finer punctated than pronotum; abdomen with fine
and dense punctation. L. 4-5 mm.

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(Page 453)
In the O the abdominal sixth ventral joint at middle feebly grooved,
and its posterior margin at each side slightly j^ncurved. In both sexes
the seventh free dorsal joint is formed like in the preceding species.

Distributed in North and Middle Surope; not rare in this country, on
damp forest and meadow ground, in alluvium at water ed^es and like pla-
ces. The form with longer elytra (var. longipenne) is much rarer than
the typical form.

12. L. dilutum Er.

(Erichs. Kaf. Mk. Br. I, 509; ien. Spec. Staph. 602; Kraatz Ins. D.
II, 684; Liuls. et Rey Bre'vip. 1878, 67; Janglb. Kaf. U. II, 514).

Entirely brownish-or reddish-yellow, glistening; elytra and abdomen
finely haired; antennae, mouth-parts and legs most often a little light-
er than the body.

From longulum. to which it in form, size and punctation is especial-
ly closely allied, and with which the teneral forms can be confused, it
is, in doubtful cases sepated by: that the head is a little larger, the
eyes distinctly smajler and the genae in front of the eyes longer; the
punctation of head and pronotum is noticeably less robust. L. 4.5-5 mm.
In the o'the abdominal sixth ventral joint at middle-line slightly
grooved and the posterior margin obtuse-angularly emarginate.

Distributed in Middle Europe, but everywhere very rare; in this coun-
try it is found singly, most often on high sandy ground in sand pits, at
the root of plants and under moss; Hvorup Sandhills and Lundby Hills at
Aalborg (auth.). Kolding (Schi^dte). Tisvilde (F.osenberg) and several
other places.

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vA

I

^^