vviluckinESS RECOMMENDATIONS

CALIFORNIA SECTION 202 WILDERNESS STUDY AREAS

Garcia Mountain WSA Rockhouse WSA Domeland WSA Machesna WSA Yolla Bolly WSA Big Butte WSA

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT CALIFORNIA

1988

IN REPLY REFER TO

United States Department of the Interior

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT CALIFORNIA STATE OFFICE

2800 Cottage Way Sacramento, California 95825

WPC3521G

Dear Reader:

Enclosed is the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) prepared for the Garcia Mountain, Rockhouse, Domeland, Machesna, Yolla Bolly, and Big Butte Section 202 Wilderness Study Areas (WSAs) . These six WSAs were included in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for California Section 202 Wilderness Study Areas which addressed eight WSAs. All eight of the Section 202 WSAs are adjacent to existing U.S. Forest Service wilderness areas. Management of any of these WSAs is largely dependent upon manage- ment objectives of the adjacent wilderness areas. Therefore, close coordi- nation between the BLM and USFS was maintained throughout preparation of this EIS to ensure that the Forest Service’s position is correctly reflected .

The six Section 202 WSAs addressed in this document are not recommended for wilderness designation. The Forest Service does not support wilderness management of these Section 202 WSAs as extensions of the existing Forest Service’s wilderness areas. Therefore, the BLM’s recommendations reflect not only the analysis in this document but also the Forest Service’s management concerns. The State Director has the authority to release them to multiple use management. The two remaining Section 202 WSAs are recom- mended for wilderness designation as extensions of the adjacent Forest Service’s wilderness areas. They are included in a separate EIS to be forwarded to the President and Congress.

The Domeland, Garcia Mountain, Machesna, and Rockhouse WSAs are in the Bakersfield District and are recommended for non-wilderness designation. The Big Butte and Yolla Bolly WSAs are in the Ukiah District and are recommended for non-wilderness designation. The EIS analyzes the impacts of designating or not designating 5944 acres on the six WSAs as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. All recommendations contained

2

herein are preliminary and subject to change during administrative review. This final Environmental Impact Statement was prepared pursuant to Section 102(2)(c) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.

For further information, contact:

District Manager,

Bureau of Land Management . Bakersfield District M Federal' Biiilding, Room 302 800 Truxtun Ave.

.. Bakersfield, California 93301

District Manager

Bureau of Land Management

Ukiah District

555 Leslie Street

Ukiah, California 95482-5599

Sincerely,

Ed Hastey State Director

lD9Sb£?7/3

BLM CA ES 88 007 8500

J

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT WILDERNESS RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CALIFORNIA

SECTION 202 WILDERNESS STUDY AREAS

C, 1

BLM LIBRARY SC-324A, BLOG. 50 DENVER FEDERAL CENTER P. 0. BOX 25047 DENVER, CO 80225-0047

CA- 010- 012	GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA	494	Acres
CA-010-029	ROCKHOUSE WSA	130	Acres
CA-010-032	DOMELAND WSA	2,209	Acres
CA- 010-108	MACHESNA WSA	80	Acres
CA-030-501	YOLLA BOLLY WSA	640	Acres
CA-050-211	BIG BUTTE WSA	2,391	Acres

Prepared. By

Bureau of Land Management Bakersfield District Office, California Ukiah District Office, California

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State Director, California

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT WILDERNESS RECOMMENDATIONS CALIFORNIA

SECTION 202 WILDERNESS STUDY AREAS

Draft (X) Final ( ) Environmental Impact Statement

1. Type of Action: Administrative (X) Legislative ( )

2 . Abstract :

The Bureau of Land Management has analyzed the impacts and resource tradeoffs of the proposals for eight Wilderness Study Areas (WSAs) throughout California. These WSAs encompass a total of 10,994 acres of public lands. This final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) contains the analysis for six of the eight WSAs, totalling 5944 acres, which have been recommended for non- wilderness designation. The two remaining WSAs are contained in a separate final EIS with the recommendation for partial or all wilderness designation.

3 . Location of Action:

Bakersfield District

Garcia Mountain WSA	No	Wilderness/No	Action	San Luis Obispo County
Rockhouse WSA	No	Wilderness/No	Action	Tulare County
Domeland WSA	No	Wilderness/No	Action	Kern County
Machesna WSA	No	Wilderness/No	Action	San Luis Obispo County
Ukiah District
Yolla-Bolly WSA	No	Wilderness/No	Action	Tehama County
Big Butte WSA	No	Wilderness/No	Action	Mendocino/ Trinity Counties

4. For Further Information Contact:

District Manager Bureau of Land Management Federal Building, Room 302 800 Truxton Avenue Bakersfield, California 93301 (805) 961-4406

District Manager

Bureau of Land Management

555 Leslie Street

Ukiah, California 95482-5599

(707 462 3873

ii

SUMMARY

The Bakersfield and Ukiah Districts, California, have prepared a final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to determine the suitability of six Section 202 Wilderness Study Areas (WSAs) for inclusion in the National Wilderness Preservation System. This EIS assesses the environmental con- sequences of managing the Garcia Mountain, Rockhouse, Domeland, Machesna, Yolla-Bolly, and Big Butte WSAs as wilderness or non- wilderness . The WSAs cover 5,944 acres of public land3 entirely within California and are adja- cent to designated or recommended wilderness areas managed by the U.S Forest Service. The six WSAs are being studied under the provisions of Section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA).

These WSAs are being studied as amendments to the existing land use plans which include the Coast/Valley RMP and South Sierra Foothills MFP in the Bakersfield District, California, and the East Mendocino MFP and Redding MFP in the Ukiah District, California.

Scoping by the public and within the BLM identified environmental issues for each WSA related to wilderness designation. The issues were then assessed to determine if they should be analyzed in detail in the EIS. The BLM also coordinated this study with the U.S. Forest Service. The recommendations relect the Forest Service’s management objectives of the adjacent wilderness areas.

GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA - (CA 010-012) 494 Acres

The Garcia Mountain WSA contains 494 acres of public land. The Section 202 WSA is located in San Luis Obispo County within the Bakersfield District.

The Proposed Action for the Garcia Mountain WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under this proposal none of the 494 acres within the WSA will be designated wilderness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the existing Coast/Valley RMP. One alternative was also considered- an All Wilderness Alternative in which all 494 acres within the WSA would be designated wil- derness .

One issue was identified for detailed analysis during the scoping process-- impacts on wilderness values. Five other issues were also assessed but not included for detailed analysis in the EIS. These issues included concerns relating to mineral resource development, recreational 0RV use, fire management, archaeological resources, and sensitive plant species habitat.

ROCKHOUSE WSA (CA- 010- 029) 130 Acres

The Rockhouse WSA contains 130 acres of public land. This Section 202 WSA is located in Tulare County within the Bakersfield District.

The Proposed Action for the Rockhouse WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under this proposal none of the 130 acres within the WSA will be designated wilderness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the existing

iii

South Sierra MFP. One alternative was also considered — an All Wilderness Alternative in which all 130 acres within the WSA would be designated wilderness .

One issue was identified for detailed analysis during the scoping process — impacts on wilderness values. Five other issues were also assessed but not included for detailed analysis in the EIS. These issues included con- cerns relating to mineral resource development, fire suppression, recrea- tional ORV use, archaeological resources, and livestock grazing.

DOMELAND WSA (CA-010-032) 2,209 Acres

The Domeland WSA contains 2,209 acres of public land. This Section 202 WSA is located in Kern County within the Bakersfield District.

The Proposed Action for the Domeland WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under this proposal none of the 2,209 acres within the WSA will be designated wilderness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the existing South Sierra Foothills MFP. One alternative was also considered- -an All Wilderness Alternative in which all of the 2,209 acres within the WSA would be designated wilderness.

Three issues were identified for detailed analysis during the scoping pro- cess. These issues include impacts on wilderness values, impacts on min- eral/energy development, and impacts on archaeological resources. Four other issues were also assessed but not included for detailed analysis in the EIS. These issues included concerns relating to fire suppression, riparian habitat, recreational ORV use, and livestock grazing.

MACHESNA WSA (CA-010-108) 80 Acres

The Machesna WSA contains 80 acres of public land. This Section 202 WSA is located in San Luis Obispo County within the Bakersfield District.

The Proposed Action for the Machesna WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under this proposal none of the 80 acres within the WSA will be designated wil- derness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the existing Coast/Valley RMP. One alternative was also considered- -an All Wilderness Alternative in which all of the 80 acres within the WSA would be designated wilderness .

Two issues were identified for detailed analysis during the scoping process --impacts on wilderness values and impacts on the Hi Mountain Enduro.

Four other issues were also assessed but not included for detailed analysis in the EIS. These issues included concerns relating to mineral/energy resources, fire suppression, archaeological resources, and sensitive plant species .

iv

YOLLA-BOLLY WSA (CA-030-501) 640 Acres

The Yolla-Bolly WSA contains 640 acres of public land. This Section 202 WSA is located in Tehama County within the Ukiah District.

The Proposed Action for the Yolla-Bolly WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under this proposal none of the 640 acres within the WSA will be designated wilderness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the existing Redding MFP. One alternative was also considered-- an All Wilderness Alternative in which all of the 640 acres within the WSA would be desig- nated wilderness.

One issue was identified for detailed analysis during the scoping process-- impacts on wilderness values. No other issues were assessed for detailed analysis in the BIS.

BIG BUTTB WSA (CA-050-211) 2,391 Acres

The Big Butte WSA contains 2,391 acres of public land. This Section 202 WSA is located in Mendocino and Trinity Counties within the Ukiah District.

The Proposed Action for the Big Butte WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under this proposal none of the 2,391 acres within the WSA will be desig- nated wilderness. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the existing East Mendocino MFP. One alternative was also considered- -an All Wilderness Alternative in which all of the 2,391 acres within the WSA would be designated wilderness.

Two issues were identified for detailed analysis during the scoping process — impacts on wilderness values and impacts on timber harvest. Four other issues were also assessed but not included for detailed analysis in the BIS. These issues included concerns relating to anadromous fish spawning, water quality, wildlife, and cultural resources.

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT ii

SUMMARY tti

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF MAPS viii

Introduction

Introduction and General Location 1-1

Purpose and Need for the Proposed Actions 1-3

Format of the EIS 1-3

The Section 202 Wilderness Review Process and

Its Integration with Planning 1-3

Scoping 1-5

Scoping Process 1-5

Identification of Issues 1-6

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternatives . 1-6

Description and Analysis of the Specific Section 202 WSAs

* Garcia Mountain WSA (CA-010-012) 2A-1

* Rockhouse WSA ( CA-010-029 ) 2B-1

* Dome land WSA (CA-010-032) 2C-1

* Machesna WSA (CA 010-108) 2D-1

* Yolla Bolly WSA (CA-030-501) 2E-1

* Big Butte WSA (CA 050-211) 2F-1

Consultation and Coordination

Overview of the Process 3-1

Results from the Public Review 3-2

Consultation with other Agencies 3-3

Consistency with other Plans 3-3

Distribution List 3-4

Public Comments on the Draft EIS 3-8

vi

Page

LIST OF PREPARERS LP-1

GLOSSARY G-l

INDEX 1-1

APPENDIX A-l

vii

LIST OF TABLES

No. Title Page

1 Comparison of Impacts - Garcia Mountain WSA 2A-10

2 Comparison of Impacts - Rockhouse WSA 2B-10

3 Comparison of Impacts - Domeland WSA 2C-10

4 Comparison of Impacts - Machesna WSA 2D-11

6 Comparison of Impacts - Yolla Bolly WSA 2E-9

7 Comparison of Impacts - Big Butte WSA 2F-12

LIST OF MAPS

No. Title Page

1 Location Map 1-2

2 Garcia Mountain WSA - Proposed Action 2A-7

3 Rockhouse WSA - Proposed Action 2B-7

4 Domeland WSA - Proposed Action 2C-7

5 Machesna WSA - Proposed Action 2D-7

6 Yolla Bolly WSA - Proposed Action 2E-5

7 Big Butte - Proposed Action 2F-7

8 Big Butte - Commercial Forest Lands 2F-17

viii

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL LOCATION

This Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) addresses six Section 202 wilder ness study areas (WSAs) located entirely within California in the Bakers- field District and Ukiah District, California, of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). These wilderness study areas are studied under the provisions of Section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA). The BLM's Wilderness Inventory Handbook defines these areas as :

Roadless areas of less than 5,000 acres of contiguous public lands where any one of the following apply:

1) They are contiguous with lands managed by another agency which have been formally determined to have wilderness or potential wilderness values, or

2) The public has indicated strong support for study of a particular area of less than 5,000 acres and it is demonstrated that it is clearly and obviously of sufficient size as to make practicable its preservation and use in an unimpaired condi- tion, and of a size suitable for wilderness management, or

3) They are contiguous with an area of less than 5,000 acres of other Federal lands administered by an agency with authority to study and preserve wilderness lands, and the combined total is 5,000 acres or more.

The WSAs in this EIS are adjacent to designated or recommended wilderness areas managed by the U.S. Forest Service.

The WSAs addressed in this EIS include:

Bakersfield	District
CA- 010- 012	Garcia Mountain WSA	494 Ac.	San Luis Obispo	County
CA-010- 029	Rockhouse WSA	130 Ac.	Tulare County
CA-010-032	Domeland WSA	2,209 Ac.	Kern County
CA- 010-012	Machesna WSA	80 Ac .	San Luis Obispo	County
Ukiah District
CA-030-501	Yolla- Bolly WSA	640 Ac.	Tehama County
CA-050- 211	Big Butte WSA	2,391 Ac.	Mendocino/Trinity

Counties

Introduction

1-1

LOCATION HAP

Yolla-Bolly WSA 640 Acres Tehama Co., CA

South Warner Contiguous WSA 4,500 Acres Modoc Co., CA

Big Butte WSA 2,391 Acres Trinity and

Mendocino Co., CA

Carson-lceberg WSA 550 Acres Alpine Co., CA

Rockhouse 130 Acres Tulare Co., CA

Domeland WSA 2,209 Acres Kern Co., CA

Machesna 80 Acres

San Luis Obispo Co., CA

Garcia Mountain WSA 494 Acres

San Luis Obispo Co., CA

BLM WILDERNESS STUDY

for

EIGHT SECTION 202 WILDERNESS STUDY AREAS

Introduction

1-2

PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSED ACTIONS

The purpose of the Proposed Actions for the WSAs in this study is to set forth a pattern of management actions for each of the six WSAs.

In 1978, BLM began a wilderness inventory to identify lands having wilder- ness characteristics. Lands found to have these characteristics, as defined by the Congress in the Wilderness Act, were designated as Wilder- ness Study Areas to undergo further review as required by Section 603 of Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) of 1976. The wilderness characteristics are: size, naturalness, solitude, and opportunities for primitive and unconfined recreation. BLM completed its inventories by 1980 with approximately 25 million acres in the 11 western states identi- fied for study as WSAs. In California, about 6.3 million acres were identified.

Certain lands identified for study were less than the minimum 5,000 acres in size. Because those areas would possess all the wilderness character- istics when included with contiguous Forest Service or other agency lands, they were considered for wilderness under the discretionary wilderness study authority provided by Section 202 of FLPMA. These areas were referred to as "Section 202 WSAs."

The Section 202 WSAs were later dropped from consideration by Secretary Watt in December 1982. Analysis of these areas was deleted from the Environmental Impact Statements being prepared at that time. In response to ruling in regard to the legality of Secretary Watt’s decision, however, Secretary Donald P. Hodel directed BLM to reconsider the Section 202 WSAs.

FORMAT OF THE EIS

This Section 202 Wilderness Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is comprised of three primary sections. The introduction provides an overview of the study process as it relates to the six Section 202 WSAs being studied. Following the introduction, the EIS includes detailed discussions of the issues; the Proposed Action and alternative( s ) ; affected environ- ment; and environmental consequences for each individual WSA. The final section relates to all the WSAs and deals with the consultation and coordination efforts with other Federal, State, and local agencies as well as comments presented by the public.

THE SECTION 202 WILDERNESS REVIEW PROCESS AND ITS INTEGRATION WITH PLANNING

To accomplish the mandate of Section 603 of FLPMA, the BLM developed a wilderness review process containing three phases: inventory, study, and reporting. This same process is used for the Section 202 WSAs which are being studied in accordance with the general land use planning provisions of Section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA), and policies that provide for wilderness consideration of areas of less than 5,000 acres if they are adjacent to lands with wilderness potential admin- istered by other Federal agencies.

1-3

Introduction

The first phase of this process, initiated in 1978, involved inventorying all the public lands to identify areas containing wilderness characteris- tics as described in the Wilderness Act. Areas found to possess wilderness characteristics were selected for study; areas found to lack wilderness characteristics were dropped from further consideration. Public participa- tion opportunities were provided during the inventory and all decisions were subject to appeal.

This inventory process and a general description of all of California’s WSAs are given in Wilderness: Final Intensive Inventory, Public Lands

Administered by BLM California Outside the California Desert Conservation Area (1979). A copy of this publication is available at any BLM office.

The second step in the review process was to integrate wilderness evalua- tion into the BLM Planning System (43 CFR 1600), which in this case, involves amendments to existing Management Framework Plans (MFP) and Resource Management Plans (RMP). The wilderness study criteria and quality standards containing the BLM’s Wilderness Study Policy: Policies, Criteria

and Guidelines for Conducting Wilderness Studies on Public Lands (47 FR 5098-5122) were applied to each WSA.

In addition to the above referenced criteria and standards, issues for discussion were identified through public comment and internal scoping; conflicts were analyzed, and alternatives were developed. See the indi- vidual sections for each of the Section 202 WSAs for a discussion of the selection of the Proposed Actions and development of alternatives as well as issues and alternatives considered but not found to be significant enough for detailed analysis. These alternatives are the basis for analy- sis of environmental consequences and resource tradeoffs.

Two final Environmental Impact Statements (FEIS) have been prepared with State Director's concurrence following public review of the draft Environ- mental Impact Statement (DEIS). All eight of the Section 202 WSAs are

adjacent to existing U.S. Forest Service wilderness areas. Management of any of these Section 202 WSAs would be dependent upon management objectives of the adjacent Forest Service wilderness areas. Six of the

eight Section 202 WSAs from the DEIS have been recommended for non wilderness designation and are included in this FEIS. The Forest

Service does not support wilderness designation of these Section 202 WSAs as extensions of the existing Forest Service wilderness areas. Therefore, the BLM’s recommendations reflect not only the analysis in this document but also the Forest Service’s management concerns. For the Section 202 WSAs not recommended for wilderness designation, the State Director has the authority under FLPMA to release those public lands from wilderness study and return them to multiple use management in accordance with existing land use plans.

There is a 30- day public review period on the FEIS. A draft Record of

Decision is then filed for a 60- day Governor's Review, after which the

Record of Decision is completed. Multiple use management may begin 30 days after the State Director signs the record of decision.

The two Section 202 WSAs recommended for wilderness designation are

included in a separate FEIS that will be reviewed by the BLM Director and

the Secretary of the Interior, who will file the FEIS and make a recommen dation to the President. Subsequently, the President has up to two years

Introduction

1-4

to make his final recommendation to Congress. Congress has the sole

authority to designate an area as wilderness. Until Congress decides

whether or not to designate any of these areas as wilderness, the WSAs will be managed in accordance with the Bureau's Interim Management Policy and Guidelines for Lands Under Wilderness Review (Department of the Inter- ior, December 1979, as amended 1983).

SCOPING

The Council on Environmental Quality Regulations Implementing the National Environmental Policy Act (40 CFR Part 1501.7) and the BLM planning regula tions (43 CFR 1610.4-1) require an early and open process for determining the scope of issues to be addressed and for identifying the significant issues related to a proposed action. Scoping determines the significant issues to be analyzed in the EIS and identifies and eliminates from detailed study insignificant issues or issues addressed in earlier environ- mental reviews. Scoping thus reduces the length of the EIS and emphasizes the real alternatives and impacts.

During this process, the scope and importance of issues related to the Proposed Action and alternatives were identified. Information obtained during the scoping process was one of the sources used to determine which impact topics would be addressed in detail in this EIS. Additional pur- poses of the scoping process are to inform affected Federal, state, and local agencies and other interested parties about the proposed project, and to identify existing environmental reports and information related to the impact assessment.

The scoping process involved discussions with the public and resource specialists and managers of BLM and other relevant agencies. Written comments were received and compiled as a result of Federal Register announcements, news releases, mailings, and articles about the proposal. Comments were also solicited during public meetings. In addition, the initial scoping effort has been followed by an effort to continue agency and public involvement throughout the development of this EIS. In particular, because management of any of the Section 202 WSAs would be largely dependent upon management objectives of the adjacent U.S. Forest Service wilderness areas, close coordination between the BLM and USFS was maintained throughout preparation of this EIS.

SCOPING PROCESS

* Initial wilderness inventory and public comment period - 1978-1979.

* Intensive wilderness inventory and public comment period - 1979 1980.

A Notice of Intent to prepare plan amendments for the Coast/Valley RMP and South Sierra Foothills MFP in the Bakersfield District, California; Tuledad/Homecamp MFP and Alturas RMP in the Susanville District, California; East Mendocino MFP and Redding Land Use Plan in the Ukiah

1-5

Introduction

District, California; and the Walker RMP in the Carson City District, Nevada, and an Environmental Impact Statement for the eight wilderness study areas included in the draft EIS was published in the Federal Register on December 2, 1986.

A scoping letter and mailing list renewal card was mailed to over 1,250 organizations, agencies and individuals on the Bakersfield, Susanville, Ukiah, and Carson City, Nevada Districts’ wilderness mailing lists. This letter explained the planning process and asked for identification of issues for the study areas. Thirty responses were received.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

During the scoping process environmental issues relating to whether a WSA is to be managed as wilderness or managed for multiple resource values were identified by the BLM, the public, and by other Federal, State, and local agencies. After the issues were identified for each WSA, they were assessed to determine if they would be selected for detailed analysis in the EIS. Generally, the issues focused on the impact on wilderness values as a result of designation or nondesignation of the area as wilderness. Additional concerns assessed for consideration in the EIS related to the impact on resources such as water quality, threatened and endangered species, fisheries, wildlife, and cultural resources. Issues related to activities such as recreational ORV use, mineral/energy development, and timber harvest were also assessed for analysis in the EIS.

A further discussion of specific issues analyzed in detail in the EIS and the issues dismissed from further analysis is contained in the individual sections of this document that follow for each WSA.

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

Development of the Proposed Action is guided by requirements of the Bureau’s Planning Regulations, 43 CFR Part 1600. The BLM’s Wilderness Study Policy (published February 3, 1982, in the Federal Register) supple- ments the planning regulations by providing specific factors to be consid- ered during the planning sequence in developing suitability recommenda- tions .

In this document, the No Action Alternative, as required by the National Environmental Protection Act, and the No Wilderness Alternative are equiva- lent. Both advocate continuation of management as outlined in the existing MFPs and RMPs .

The All Wilderness Alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation.

Partial Wilderness Alternatives can make suitable or nonsuitable recommen- dations ranging between the All Wilderness and No Action Alternatives. A Partial Wilderness Alternative can recommend as suitable for wilderness designation something less than the entire acreage of one WSA.

Introduction

1-6

A discussion of the selection of the Proposed Action and development of alternatives for each WSA is included in the sections of this document that follow describing the individual WSAs . For each WSA, any alternatives that were considered but not included in the EIS for further analysis are also identified .

1-7

Introduction

DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS

OF THE SPECIFIC SECTION 202 WSAs

Garcia Mountain WSA

GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA ( CA-010-012 )

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2A-3

General Description of the Area 2A-3

Identification of Issues 2A-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternatives . 2A-4

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2A-5

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE 2A-5

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2A-5

Recreation Management Actions 2A-5

Fire Management Actions 2A-6

Wildlife Management Actions 2A-6

Grazing Management Actions 2A-6

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2A-6

Vegetation Management Actions 2A-6

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2A-6

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2A-6

All Wilderness Alternative 2A-6

Summary of Significant Impacts 2A-10

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2A-11

Wilderness Values 2A-11

Naturalness 2A-11

Solitude 2A-11

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2A-11

Special Features 2A-11

Land Ownership 2A-11

Recreation 2A-12

Visual Resources 2A-12

Cultural Resources 2A-12

Wildlife 2A-13

Vegetation 2A-14

Soils and Watershed Resources 2A-14

Minerals and Energy 2A-14

Livestock Grazing 2A-15

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSBQUBNCBS 2A-15

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2A-16

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2A-16

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2A-17

Garcia Mountain

2A-1

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2A-17

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2A-17

All Wilderness Alternative 2A-17

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2A-17

MAP

Proposed Action 2A-7

Garcia Mountain

2A-2

GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA

(CA-OIO- 012) INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Garcia Mountain WSA consists of two separate 40 acre parcels of public land in San Luis Obispo County that are adjacent to the USFS Garcia Further Planning Area (recommended suitable for wilderness designation in the Los Padres National Forest’s Draft Land Management Plan). These small, iso- lated parcels have stands of blue oak along seasonal Stony Creek with some coast live oak on north- facing slopes. Annual grasses are found beneath these stands of trees. Chaparral is mixed throughout these areas and is thickest high above the drainages.

There are no special features within the WSA. The WSA extends from the border of the USFS Garcia Further Planning Area along each 40- acre parcel’s eastern boundary only.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Garcia Mountain Section 202 WSA, the following issue was identified during the scoping process and selected for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have beneficial or adverse impacts on its wilderness values.

Additional issues were assessed to determine their significance for analy- sis in the EIS. However, upon further consideration they were not selected for detailed analysis. A brief discussion of each issue and the reason for dismissing it from analysis in the EIS follows.

- Impacts on Mineral Resource Development

Development of mineral resources within designated wilderness areas could be affected by wilderness management restrictions. However, the potential for mineral resources within the Garcia Mountain WSA is considered low, and no mining claims or mineral leases exist in the WSA. Therefore, this issue was dropped from further consideration.

- Impacts Recreational ORV Use

An issue dealing with the effect of wilderness designation on the recreational ORV opportunities in the Garcia Mountain WSA was con- sidered but dropped from further consideration. Only one- quarter mile of an existing ORV route is found in this WSA. This route is access controlled by the Los Padres National Forest at either end and is closed to ORV traffic. Wilderness designation would not change the current access situation, therefore, the issue was dropped.

2A-3

Garcia Mountain

- Impacts on Fire Management Actions

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation would have on fire suppression activities. Although the Bureau’s wilderness management policy does impose certain restrictions on suppression measures and techniques, much latitude is allowed so as not to significantly constrain effective fire management. This issue was considered but dropped from detailed analysis.

- Impacts on Preservation of Archaeological Resources

Concerns were raised over the protection of possible archaeological resources within the Garcia Mountain WSA. A cultural records search found no recorded archaeological sites within or adjacent to the WSA. Although the cultural resource sensitivity of the WSA is unknown, there are no projected management actions that would result in surface disturbance. Therefore, this issue was dropped from further analysis in the BIS.

- Impacts on Sensitive Plant Species Habitat

Concerns were raised over the possibility of suspected candidate species Lupinus ludoviscianus being found in the shaded drainages of the WSA. No RT&E plants have been identified within the WSA. Additional field surveys would be conducted in the future if manage- ment actions affected the drainages within the WSA. Therefore, this issue was not considered for detailed analysis in the WSA.

SBLECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

For the Garcia Mountain WSA the following Proposed Action and Alternative were selected for analysis in this EIS.

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 80 Acres Non-wilderness

The Proposed Action for the Garcia Mountain WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under this proposal none of the 80 acres will be designated wilderness, but will continue to be managed for multiple use as described in this document and in detail in the Coast/Valley RMP (1984).

The rationale for this proposal includes: (1) the wilderness values of the

area are not outstanding, and (2) the current management has proven effect- ive in maintaining the area's existing resources. The Los Padres National Forest has indicated that the lack of wilderness values and the geographic configuration of the two projecting "fingers” of the WSA will decrease manageability of the USFS Garcia Mountain area, which is recommended for wilderness, if the Garcia Mountain 202 WSA is designated wilderness.

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All Wilderness Alternative

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non- wilderness

The All Wilderness Alternative would designate the entire 80 acres in the Garcia Mountain WSA as wilderness. The All Wilderness Alternative repre- sents the maximum possible acreage that could be recommended for wilderness designation.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED PROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

Alternatives that included the entire 494 acres that comprised the five parcels in the original WSA were considered for analysis. However, The California Wilderness Act of 1984 released all of the adjacent Forest Service lands from consideration for wilderness designation except for the proposed Garcia Mountain Wilderness. Only two of the BLM parcels totaling 80 acres are adjacent to the proposed Forest Service wilderness area. The remaining 414 acres no longer are adjacent to other Federal lands under wilderness consideration- -the reason they were considered as a Section 202 WSA in the first place-- and therefore do not meet the requirements for wilderness study under Section 202 of FLPMA. Consequently, alternatives that consider all 494 acres of the original WSA are not included in the EIS for analysis.

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be predicted with certainty, projections of management actions have been made to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and alternative. These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the EIS. They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could occur and the Proposed Action and alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 80 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 80 acres within the Garcia Mountain WSA will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multi- ple use under the guidance of the Coast/Valley Resource Management Plan (RMP) .

Recreation Management Actions

The lands within the WSA have only one vehicle route which crosses the northernmost 40 acre parcel for one- quarter mile. The route begins on USFS lands however it is closed to vehicles so there is no vehicular access to the Garcia Mountain WSA. There are no plans to encourage the Forest Service to open this access up to be able to drive/ride to such a small BLM

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Garcia Mountain

parcel. An estimated 10 visitor days per year occur within the WSA; this amount of visitation Is mostly In the form of occasional hunter pass throughs. Development of recreational facilities, such as campgrounds, is not anticipated because of the low use the area receives.

Fire Management Actions

Fire suppression within the Garcia Mountain WSA including the use of mechanized fire equipment, will continue to be provided by the California Department of Forestry (under contract to the BLM) . No roads or trails will be improved for fire management nor will any firebreaks be con- structed. No presuppression activities are planned for the WSA.

Wildl lfe Management Actions

No wildlife management actions are planned in the Garcia Mountain WSA. Grazing Management Actions

No grazing is authorized within the WSA; therefore no actions are planned. Mineral/Energy Development Actions

The entire 80 acres within the WSA will be open to all forms of mineral entry including mineral leasing. However, the potential for mineral resources is considered low. There are no mining claims located in the WSA. There are also no oil and gas leases nor lease applications filed for lands within the WSA. Therefore, while exploration and development of mineral resources will be permitted, there is no mineral/energy activity anticipated within a 15-20 year planning projection.

Vegetation Management Actions

No vegetation management actions are planned within the Garcia Mountain WSA.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

There are no cultural resource management actions planned due to low cultural sensitivity within the WSA.

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions

No land tenure adjustment management actions are planned.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non-wilderness.

The entire 80-acre Garcia Mountain WSA would be designated wilderness. This alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be designated wilderness. The WSA would be managed in conjunction with the recommended USFS Garcia Mountain Further Planning area to preserve wilder- ness values.

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MAP

GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA - PROPOSEO ACTION

1 878

o/6 81

x/634

\WV'

1768

■1400

Wilderness Study Area

X’/ 75 f.

Forest Service

Proposed Forest Service Wilderness Area ]

mm

Primitive Vehicle Route

2 §1

GARCIA MOUNTAIN SECTION 20 WILDERNESS STUDY AREA PROPOSED ACTION

(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

vr&i*i 9

Garcia Mountain

2A-7

MAP

Garcia Mountain

2A-8

Recreation Management Actions

Wilderness designation would prohibit all motorized recreation use within the 80- acre WSA. Since vehicular access to the WSA Is currently closed there would be no change from the current management.

Fire Management Actions

Under this alternative, a fire management plan would be written for the WSA and would become an addendum to the Wilderness Management Plan. Fixed wing aircraft, helicopters, and ground crews would be used for fire control. Cross-country vehicle travel would be permitted only when the terrain and soil conditions would permit such travel without damage to vegetative cover. Heavy equipment such as tracked vehicles and dozers would not be permitted except to prevent loss of human life or to protect private or high-value property and only with the approval of the District Manager.

Wildlife Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there would be no wildlife manage- ment actions.

Grazing Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there would be no grazing manage- ment actions.

Mineral/Rnergy Development Actions

The entire 80 acres within the WSA would be closed to all forms of mineral entry including mineral leasing. There are no mining claims or mineral leases within the WSA. Based on the low potential for mineral resources in the WSA, it is not anticipated that any mineral discovery would occur prior to wilderness designation that would establish valid existing rights. Therefore, no mineral development would occur under wilderness designation.

Vegetation Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there would be no vegetation management actions.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

Cultural resource management actions would be the same as described under the Proposed Action.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there would be no land tenure adjustment actions. However, a cooperative agreement would establish management responsibilities by the U.S. Forest Service in conjunction with their recommended Garcia Mountain Wilderness Area adjacent to the WSA.

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Garcia Mountain

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVE

FOR THE GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA

ISSUE- RELATED RESOURCES

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Nondesignation of the WSA as wilderness will not result in any anticipated impacts to the wilderness values. There are no management actions projected that will result in a loss of wilderness values and the perception of naturalness will be main- tained. Potential fire suppression activities as a result of wildfires could lead to short-term impacts to the perception of natural- ness .

Wilderness designation of the Garcia Mountain WSA would result in a slight positive benefit. Long- term protection from unanticipated future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be pro- vided .

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2A-10

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Garcia Mountain WSA and the resources that could be affected by the management actions of the Proposed Action and alternative.

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Bakersfield Dis- trict Office and the Caliente Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES

Naturalness

The two small 40- acre parcels that make up this WSA generally retain their primeval character and influence, with the imprint of man’s work substan- tially unnoticeable . The northernmost parcel has Forest Service Road No. 15E06 crossing it from north to south paralleling Stony Creek. This road does not show on the Forest Service public maps and has been closed to vehicles. The road has not been maintained in years and resembles a primitive trail, thereby affecting the naturalness of the parcel very little. No structures or fences are known to exist in either parcel. No vegetation manipulation has taken place in this WSA.

Solitude

Opportunities for solitude in this WSA are limited due to its small size and boundary with private land on three sides (both 40-acre parcels border Forest Service land only on their east sides).

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

Very little opportunity for primitive and unconfined types of recreation are present; the northern parcel in this WSA contains Forest Service Road No. 15E06 which is closed to motorized vehicles and sees very little visitor use (an estimated 10 hunters per year pass through). The southern parcel has no physical access (trails) and is choked with thick vegetation; no use is projected.

Special Features

The WSA contains no ecological, geological, or other features of scienti- fic, educational, scenic, or historical value.

LAND OWNERSHIP

The WSA consists of two separate 40- acre parcels bordering Forest Service land on their east boundaries. The only access is to the northern parcel via Forest Service Road No. 15E06. No right-of-way exists for this vehicle route constructed in 1934 (U.S. Forest Service does have a ROW from the

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Garcia Mountain

adjacent landowners but not BLM) . The lands to the east of the WSA have been recommended for wilderness designation under the preferred alternative in the Los Padres National Forest Land Management Plan.

RECREATION

Less than 10 visitor days per year are anticipated in this WSA. The route through the northern parcel (one-quarter mile) is closed on either end by the Forest Service to vehicles. The only visitors who venture down to the WSA are hunters either using the Forest Service Road No. 15E06, or possibly following Stony Creek.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The WSA has a natural character with a pleasing variety of taller trees along the drainages and some thick stands of brush. The road in the northern parcel remains visually subordinate. No structures are apparent.

CULTURAL RESOURCES

The area encompassing the Garcia Mountain WSA was aboriginally inhabited by the Chumash. The Chumash, a Hokan speaking linguistic group, occupied most of the San Luis Obispo County, and extended as far south as the San Fernando Valley and Malibu Canyon area. The eastern perimeter of their territory is not well defined, although the crest of the Temblor Range is viewed as the likely interface between the Chumash and the Yokuts tribal groups. Ethnographically , the region most densely occupied was along the Santa Barbara Coast; while the population declined rapidly towards the north and the interior (Breschini, et al., 1983).

Subsistence was based upon hunting, fishing and gathering of wild plant foods. The marine resources were a primary foodstuff for many of the coastal Chumash groups, although terrestrial resources also played a major role in their diet. The interior Chumash made maximum use of the available food resources provided by their environment. Some important food staples consisted of game animals, acorns, seeds and a variety of plant foods (Breschini, et al., 1983).

Spanish land expedition along the coastal region began in 1769 under the leadership of Don Caspar de Portola. This initial land expedition and those that followed by other Spanish explorers resulted in a period of settlement in the form of missions, outstations, pueblos and presidios along the Pacific coast. This period between 1770-1821 is referred to as the Spanish Colonial Period (Breschini, et al., 1983). During this period, the Native American population experienced a devastating change in their lifestyle and population level. By approximately the late 1830s, the native populations along the coast were reduced to less than 25 percent of their original number, largely through the introduction of European dis- eases. Aboriginal culture and lifeways had been effectively destroyed by this time.

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2A-12

The Mexican (Rancho) Period commenced with the birth of an independent Mexican state in 1822, and terminated with the founding of the California Republic and the annexation of California by the United States in 1846. The missions were secularized, during this period, which resulted in scattering of the Indian populations that had been closely tied to the missions during the Spanish Colonial Period. Some of the native population worked on the new ranchos as cowboys or servants, while others attempted to return to their pre-mission lifestyles within and outside of their own native cultural boundary (Breschini, et al . , 1983).

During the historic American Period which began approximately in 1847, the geographic region encompassing the Garcia Mountain WSA was utilized pri- marily for mineral exploitation, grazing, and agricultural purposes.

Based on a cultural records search at the Central Coastal Information Center in Santa Barbara on January 7, 1987, and a historical/archaeological literature review, investigations reveal no historical or archaeological sites within or adjacent to the Garcia Mountain WSA. There are no known National Register of Historic Places properties or California Historic Landmarks within or near the WSA. Due to a very limited amount of archae- ological field investigations in the geographic region encompassing the WSA and lack of any inventory survey within the WSA, the cultural sensi- tivity for the Garcia Mountain WSA is unknown. However, based on the physiographic setting and the nearness of the WSA to the confluence of water drainages, it is possible that cultural resources may occur within the confines or adjacent to the WSA.

Archaeological resources which may be anticipated to occur in the WSA, are those associated with hunting/gathering and processing of natural food resources. Probable archaeological site types which may be encountered in the Garcia Mountain WSA are lithic flake scatters, earth roasting pits, middens, and milling stations. These cultural manifestations may occur separately or in a combination of two or more per site.

WILDLIFE

Stony Creek bisects the northern 40-acre parcel in a north to south direc- tion. Vegetation on the east-facing slope is 70 percent chamise chaparral with lesser amounts of blue oak woodland and annual grassland. Live oak becomes a stronger component with proximity to Stony Creek. Stony Creek supports a riparian community dominated by California sycamore and Fremont cottonwood. This unsurveyed ephemeral creek has a 40 percent chance of supporting trout. The parcel provides bottomland habitat for black tailed deer, black bear, mountain lion, coyote, California Quail, Great Horned Owl, and various woodpecker species.

The southern 40- acre parcel lies on a tributary to Stony Creek. The south- facing slope is a mixture of chamise chaparral, blue oak woodland, sof t chaparral, and a lesser amount of annual grassland. The tributary does not support a well-defined riparian zone and possesses a low fisheries potential. The north-facing slope is predominately mature live oak wood- land. Species typical to the northern parcel, are also present throughout the southern parcel. Both parcels receive little hunting due to poor public access.

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Garcia Mountain

VEGETATION

Both 40-acre parcels have stands of blue oak along drainages with some Coast live oaks on north-facing slopes. Annual grasses are found beneath these tree stands. Chaparral is mixed within these areas and is thickest high above the drainages. A suspected candidate RTE species, Luplnus ludovlsclanus might be found along the shaded creek bottom (has not been located but possibility exists).

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

Soils are mainly very deep clay loams of the Los Osos series on the side- slopes grading into shallow loams and clay loams toward the hilltops. Hilltop areas also contain significant amounts of rock outcrops and small rock fragments in the soil itself. The soils have a moderately high organic matter content and a moderately high water holding capacity. They tend to have low soil strength and deform easily when wet. Slopes are 10 to 50 percent.

MINERALS AND ENERGY Geology

The WSA is located in the Coastal Range geomorphic province of California. This province is typified by northwesterly fault systems roughly parallel- ing the mountain ranges. One such fault, recently remapped by Dibblee (1986) as part of the Rinconada Fault is less than half a mile east of the subject land. Underlying the two parcels are Cretaceous (65-136 million years before present) sandstone and shale, deposited in a marine environ- ment and derived from a granitic source (Dibblee, 1986). The potential for mineral resources in this area is considered to be low to nonexistent based on the geologic environment.

Mining Claims

There are no mining claims located in the WSA as indicated by the Bureau’s mining claim index dated March 25, 1988. Only one claim is listed in the entire township in Section 31; assessment work has not been timely filed since 1984.

Oil and Gas Leasing

There are no leases nor lease applications filed for lands within the WSA as of March 25, 1988. Oil and gas lease CA 11456 (480 acres) has been issued a quarter mile from the southern parcel of the WSA. However, there has been no development activity. Wildcat drilling has occurred in the area 5 to 10 miles south and southwest of the WSA.

Drilling dates from as early as 1929 to as late as 1983 resulted in approximately 50 holes. All of the holes are incompleted, abandoned, or idle (Munger, 1985).

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2 A- 14

The WSA Is underlain by Cretaceous (65-125 million years before present) aged sedimentary rocks; all of the drilling south and west of the WSA is located on significantly younger Miocene sedimentary rocks.

The east Huasna Fault separates the wildcat area from the WSA (Jennings, 1958).

Based on the local geology and the historic exploration activities outside the WSA, the potential for oil and gas exploration development is consid- ered to be low. No oil and gas activity is anticipated within the WSA.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING

There is no livestock grazing authorized within the Garcia Mountain WSA, nor have any range improvements been constructed.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described issue by issue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the area's other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be insignificant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical and statistical information regarding the area’s resources, impacts in this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area's wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the regional or local population would change over more than one genera- tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource. In terms of the area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to its former level within several generations.

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Garcia Mountain

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 80 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 80 acres in the Garcia Mountain WSA will be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. The WSA will be managed for multiple use in accordance with the existing Coast/Valley RMP .

The WSA will not be included in the adjacent USFS proposed Garcia Mountain Wilderness Area.

The primary concern under the Proposed Action relates to wilderness values. No other issues were identified for detailed analysis with regards to the WSA.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

The Proposed Action will not result in any of the 80 acres in the WSA being designated as wilderness. None of the wilderness values on the 80 acres will receive the special legislative protection provided by wilder- ness designation. The wilderness values for this Section 202 WSA include naturalness and solitude, however these values are generally dependent upon the wilderness values of the adjacent USFS proposed Garcia Mountain WSA. Opportunities for primitive and unconfined recreation are limited by the small size of the two separate 40- acre parcels as well as the dense vege- tation and lack of physical access. There are no special features identified within the WSA.

Although there will be no administrative or legislative closure of the WSA to recreational vehicle use, there is currently no vehicular access to either of the 40- acre parcels. The one-quarter mile of primitive route through the northern parcel is controlled by the Los Padres National Forest. The route is currently closed with no plan to open or maintain the route for vehicle use. Therefore, there will be no recreational vehicle use within the WSA with no resulting impacts to wilderness values including naturalness.

The WSA will remain open to mineral/energy exploration and development. The low potential for mineral/energy resources in the WSA indicates that no mineral/energy activity is anticipated. With no mineral/energy activity projected, especially surface disturbances, there are no impacts to wilder- ness values anticipated as a result of mineral/energy exploration and development .

Fire suppression activities could have a minor short-term negative impact on the area's naturalness if the use of mechanized equipment is required for fire fighting activities. However, these impacts, primarily surface disturbance, will be reduced by rehabilitation of disturbed areas including harrowing and seeding.

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2A-16

Conclusion:

Nondesignation of the WSA as wilderness will not result in any antici- pated impacts to the wilderness values. There are no management actions projected that will result in a loss of wilderness values and the perception of naturalness will be maintained. Potential fire suppression activities as a result of wildfires could lead to short- term impacts to the perception of naturalness.

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

There are no planned management actions under the Proposed Action that will result in any unavoidable adverse impacts. Fire suppression activities could result in short-term adverse impacts if mechanized equipment is required should a wildfire occur.

Relationship Between Local Short-Term Uses of Man's Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Productivity

Within the entire 80 acres of the WSA, all present short-term uses, pri- marily a low level of nonmotorized recreation, will continue. The long- term productivity of the WSA will be maintained. Without wilderness designation, the possibility of activities such as mineral/energy develop- ment that could reduce long-term productivity is greater than under wilder- ness designation. However, in the Garcia Mountain WSA the potential for mineral/energy resources is considered low, and no development is antici- pated.

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

Due to the lack of projected management actions or surface-disturbing activities, no irreversible or irretrievable commitments of resources are anticipated.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non-wilderness

Under the All Wilderness Alternative, the entire 80 acres of the Garcia Mountain WSA would be recommended for wilderness designation. This Section 202 WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USFS proposed Garcia Mountain Wilderness Area to protect wilderness values.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness values within the 80-acre Garcia Mountain WSA would receive special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. There would be a slight positive benefit as a result of wilderness designation. However, as described under the Proposed Action there are no planned management actions that would impact the wilderness values of the WSA.

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Garcia Mountain

Closure of the WSA to recreational vehicle use and mineral/energy explora tion and development would assure long-term protection although there is currently no use or projected activities. Wilderness values, particularly naturalness and solitude, would be retained.

The use of mechanized fire equipment would be restricted under wilderness management. Wildfire suppression activities would be limited to hand crews and the use of aircraft to minimize surface disturbance.

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation of the Garcia Mountain WSA would result in a slight positive benefit. Long-term protection from unanticipated future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be provided.

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2 A- 18

Rockhouse WSA

ROCKHOUSE WSA ( CA-010-029 )

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2B-3

General Description of the Area 2B-3

Identification of Issues 2B-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternatives . 2B-4

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2B-5

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE 2B-5

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2B-5

Recreation Management Actions 2B-5

Fire Management Actions 2B-5

Wildlife Management Actions 2B-6

Grazing Management Actions 2B-6

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2B-6

Vegetation Management Actions 2B-6

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2B-6

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2B-6

All Wilderness Alternative 2B-6

Summary of Significant Impacts 2B-10

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2B-11

Wilderness Values 2B-11

Naturalness 2B-11

Solitude 2B-11

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2B-11

Special Features 2B-11

Land Ownership 2B-11

Recreation 2B-12

Visual Resources 2B- 12

Cultural Resources 2B-12

Wildlife 2B-13

Vegetation 2B-13

Soils and Watershed Resources 2B-13

Minerals and Energy 2B-13

Livestock Grazing 2B-14

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 2B-14

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2B-15

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2B-15

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2B-16

2B-1

Rockhouse

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2B-16

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2B-16

All Wilderness Alternative 2B-16

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2B-16

MAP

Proposed Action 2B-7

Rockhouse

2B-2

ROCKHOUSE WSA

( CA- 010-029 ) INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Rockhouse Section 202 WSA consists of a small 130- acre parcel south of Kennedy Meadows in eastern Tulare County. Pinyon pine, western juniper and an understory of big sage, Douglas rabbitbrush, and needlegrass comprise the predominant vegetation on the single hill that makes up this WSA. No water sources exist within the WSA. No special features are found within the WSA.

The WSA adjoins the USFS Domeland Wilderness along its western boundary for one-half mile. This parcel is within a portion of the Monache- Walker Pass National Cooperative Land and Wildlife Management Area.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Rockhouse Section 202 WSA, the following issue was identified during the scoping process and selected for analysis in the ETS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have beneficial or adverse impacts on its wilderness values.

Additional issues were assessed to determine their significance for analy- sis in the EIS. However, upon further consideration they were not selected for detailed analysis. A brief discussion of each issue and the reason for dismissing it from analysis in the EIS follows.

- Impacts on Mineral Resource Development

Development of mineral resources within designated wilderness areas could be affected by wilderness management restrictions. However, the potential for mineral resources within the Rockhouse WSA is considered low. No mining claims or mineral leases exist in the WSA. Therefore, this issue was dropped from further consideration.

- Impacts on Fire Suppression Activities

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation would have on fire suppression activities. This issue was considered but dropped from detailed analysis. Although the Bureau's wilderness management policy does impose certain restrictions on suppression measures and techniques, much latitude is allowed so as not to significantly constrain effective fire management.

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Rockhouse

- Impacts on Recreational ORV Use

An issue dealing with the effect of wilderness designation on the recreational ORV opportunities in the Rockhouse WSA was considered but dropped from further consideration. No ORV recreational routes currently exist in the WSA and all ORV cross-country travel is prohibited under the Caliente Resource Area’s off-road vehicle use designations .

- Impacts on Preservation of Archaeological Resources

Concerns were raised over the protection of possible archaeological resources within the Rockhouse WSA. This issue was considered but dropped from further analysis. A cultural records search found no recorded archaeological sites within or adjacent to the Rockhouse WSA. Although the predicted cultural resource sensitivity is con- sidered to be moderate to high, there are no projected management actions that would result in surface disturbance. Therefore, this issue was dropped from further analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Livestock Grazing Operations

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation would have on grazing operations. The WSA is only a very small part of the large Walker Pass West grazing allotment. The WSA is located almost entirely on range unsuitable for grazing due to steep slopes and rockiness. The only grazing improvement within the WSA is a boundary fence on the western edge that would be maintained without vehicle access if the area were given wilderness status. Therefore this issue was dropped from further analysis in the EIS.

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

For the Rockhouse WSA the following Proposed Action and Alternative were selected for analysis in this EIS.

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 130 Acres Non-wilderness

The Proposed Action for the Rockhouse WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under this proposal, none of the 130 acres will be designated wilderness, but will continue to be managed for multiple use as described in this document and in detail in the South Sierra Foothills MFP (1983). The rationale for the proposal include: (1) the wilderness values of the area

are not outstanding and (2) current management has proven effective in maintaining the area’s existing resources. The Sequoia National Forest has indicated that Rockhouse WSA does not possess wilderness or resource values that will enhance the USFS Domeland Wilderness Area. Additionally the addition of this WSA to their designated wilderness area will contri- bute to a potentially unmanageable boundary with the WSA protruding like a finger with no specific topographic delineation.

Rockhouse

2B--4

All Wilderness Alternative

130 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 130-acre Rockhouse WSA would be designated wilderness. This alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be desig- nated wilderness.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED FROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

The small size and lack of topographic boundaries of the 130-acre Rockhouse WSA did not offer opportunities to develop a partial wilderness alterna- tive .

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be predicted with certainty, projections of management actionj have been made to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and alternative. These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the KIS. They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could occur and the Proposed Action and alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 130 Acres Non-wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 130 acres within the Rockhouse WSA will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multiple use under the guidance of the South Sierra Management Framework Plan.

Recreation Management Actions

There are no ORV routes within this WSA although the entire eastern bound- ary is bordered by a major dirt road. This access road is blocked by a gate on private land to the north so access is difficult. Very little nonmotorized recreation, probably less than 5 visitor days per year, occurs on this WSA (hunting and pinyon nut collection along road). No recreational facilities are proposed for this WSA due to its small size.

Fire Management Actions

Under the No Wilderness Alternative, a modified suppression plan allowing the use of motorized equipment will be written to be carried out by BLM force account.

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Rockhouse

Wildlife Management Actions

Although this WSA is within a portion of the Monache- Walker Pass National Cooperative Land and Wildlife Management Area no wildlife management actions are anticipated within a 15-20 year planning projection.

Grazing Management Actions

The WSA will remain within the Walker Pass West grazing allotment. No new grazing improvements are proposed. The existing boundary fence on the unit’s west side will be maintained with annual inspection to determine maintenance needs. All inspection and maintenance activities will be by foot or horseback due to the lack of vehicle access. Due to the unsuitable grazing conditions, limited grazing is anticipated to continue in the WSA.

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

The entire 130 acres within the WSA will be open to all forms of mineral entry. However, the potential for mineral resources is considered low. There are no mining claims located in the WSA. Therefore, while explora- tion and development of mineral resources will be permitted, there is no mineral activity projected to occur within the WSA.

Vegetation Management Actions

No vegetation management actions are planned within the WSA to support resource programs including livestock grazing and wildlife management.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

There are no cultural resource management actions planned to occur within the WSA.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

No land tenure adjustment actions are planned for the WSA. Although without wilderness designation these 130 acres of public land will be available for exchange, no activity is projected to occur within a 15 to 20 year planning projection.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

130 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non-wilderness

The entire 130- acre Rockhouse WSA would be designated wilderness and managed in conjunction with the adjacent USES Domeland Wilderness Area. This alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be designated wilderness.

Rockhouse

2B- 6

MAP

PROPOSED ACTION ROCKHOUSE WSA

MAP 3

ROCKHOUSE SECTION 202 WILDERNESS STUDY AREA PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

Wilderness Study Area

Forest Service

Forest Service Wilderness Area

0 i 2

1 ■ i i — i I 1

Miles

2B-7

Rockhouse

MAP FOR ROCKHOUSE WSA Page 2

Rockhouse

2B-8

Recreation Management Actions

Wilderness designation would prohibit all motorized recreation within the 130-acre Rockhouse WSA. Since there is no vehicular access and no routes exist, there would be no change from current management which designates the area as closed to vehicles.

Fire Management Actions

Under this alternative, a fire management plan would be written for the WSA and would become an addendum to the Wilderness Management Plan. Fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and ground crews would be used for fire control. Cross-country vehicle travel would be permitted only when the terrain and soil conditions would permit such travel without damage to vegetative cover. Heavy equipment such as tracked vehicles and dozers would not be permitted except to prevent loss of human life or to protect private or high-value property and only with the approval of the District Manager.

Wildlife Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action there would be no wildlife manage- ment actions.

Grazing Management Actions

Livestock grazing would continue to be authorized for the WSA which is a small part of the Walker Pass West allotment. However, limited grazing use occurs as a result of the unsuitable grazing conditions. There are no livestock grazing facilities existing or proposed for the WSA.

Mineral/Bnergy Development Actions

The entire 130 acres within the Rockhouse WSA would be closed to all forms of mineral entry. There are no mining claims within the WSA. Based on the low potential for mineral resources in the WSA, it is not anticipated that any mineral discovery would occur prior to wilderness designation that would establish valid existing rights. Therefore, no mineral develop- ment would occur under wilderness designation.

Vegetation Management Actions

Same as Proposed Action.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

As described under the proposed Action there would be no cultural resource management actions.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

As described under the Proposed Action there would be no land tenure adjustment management actions. However, a cooperative agreement would establish management responsibilities by the U.S. Forest Service in con- junction with their designated Domeland Wilderness Area adjacent to the WSA.

2B-9

Rockhouse

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVE

FOR THE ROCKHOUSE WSA

ISSUE-RELATED

RESOURCES

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Nondesignation of the WSA as wilderness will not result in any anticipated impacts to the wilderness values. There are no surface disturbance in the WSA. Recreational vehicle use and mineral/ energy exploration and development are not projected within the WSA. Continued limited livestock grazing will not impact the area’s wilderness values and inspection and maintenance will only negligibly impact solitude. Potential fire suppression activities as a result of wildfires could lead to short-term impacts to the perception of naturalness .

Wilderness designation of the Rockhouse WSA would result in a slight posi- tive benefit. Long-term protection from unantici- pated future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be provided by legisla- tion.

Rockhouse

2B-10

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Rockhouse WSA and the resources that could be affected by the management actions of the Proposed Action and alternative.

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Bakersfield Dis- trict Office and the Caliente Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES Naturalness

The small 130-acre parcel that makes up this WSA generally retains its natural character and influence, with the imprint of man's work substan- tially unnoticeable. No roads exist within the unit though the entire eastern boundary of the WSA is a major dirt road connecting residences to the south with Kennedy Meadows. No structures or fences are known to exist in this unit, although a livestock fence is located along the western boundary of the WSA.

Solitude

This unit is too small to provide adequate opportunity for solitude con- sidering that a major road makes up the eastern boundary and private land borders the unit on the north and south.

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

This unit is very small and opportunities for primitive and unconfined recreation are extremely limited. Very little nonmotorized use, if any, is known to currently exist.

Special Features

The WSA contains no ecological, geological, or other features of scienti- fic, educational, scenic, or historical value.

LAND OWNERSHIP

The WSA consists of a 130- acre parcel of public land. The WSA adjoins the Sequoia National Forest’s Domeland Wilderness Area along its western boundary for one- half mile. The WSA is bordered by private lands to the north, south, and east.

2B-11

Rockhouse

RECREATION

This parcel provides opportunities for hunting and hiking. No ORV routes exist in this WSA. Due to the isolated nature of this WSA, it is anti- cipated that fewer than 2 visitor use days per year occur.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The scenic quality of the Rockhouse WSA has been rated as low. The WSA is composed almost entirely of pinyon pine forest with some smaller, big sagebrush along the northern facing slopes. No man-made visual intrusions exist .

CULTURAL RESOURCES

The Rockhouse WSA cultural region was aboriginally inhabited primarily by the Tubatulabal speaking group. The Tubatulabal occupied the upper Kern drainages while the Southern Numic speaking Kawaiisu lived to the south of the Kern River. In spite of their linguistic differences, the two groups presumably had much in common culturally, including a subsistence pattern based on hunting, fishing and gathering. This pattern involved the col- lecting of acorns and pinyon nuts which were abundant in the region encom- passing the WSA.

Historically, the Rockhouse WSA and surrounding area was generally ignored by the Spanish and Mexican settlers to the west. The first American to have entered the general area officially was Joseph R. Walker who led one of Fremont’s expeditions over the Walker Pass in 1834. Initial settlement, some 35 miles southwest of the WSA, came with the discovery of gold near Keyesville in 1856. The gold strike was short lived and mining eventually gave way to sheep and cattle ranching (Theodoratus , 1984).

The preceding background information has been briefly summarized, as this information is readily available elsewhere. For a more detailed descrip- tion of the regional prehistory, ethnohistory , and history, refer to Theodoratus, 1984. Also, refer to Domeland WSA background section.

As a result of a cultural records search at the South Central Information Center in Bakersfield on January 7, 1987, and a historical/archaeological literature review, no recorded cultural sites are within or adjacent to the WSA. There are no known National Register of Historic Places properties or California Historic Landmarks within or adjacent to the WSA. No known archaeological field investigations have occurred in WSA or the contiguous lands, although a number of inventories have been conducted in the general region for projects primarily associated with the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) and grazing activities. Based upon these previous investigations and the WSA’ s physiographic setting, the cultural sensitivity for the Rockhouse WSA is considered to be potentially moderate to high.

Rockhouse

2B-12

As a result of previous cultural discoveries in this geographic/cultural region, the most probable archaeological sites to be potentially encoun- tered in the WSA are those associated with hunting/gathering and natural food processing. The most likely archaeological site types which may occur in the WSA are lithic flake scatters, middens, rock art, rock shel- ters, and milling stations. These cultural site features may occur separ- ately or in a combination of two or more per site. -

WILDLIFE

Common bird species include the Northern Flicker, Scrub Jay, Red- tailed Hawk, Dark-eyed Junco, and California Quail. Ospreys are known to nest on the South Fork of the Kern River, less than 2 miles to the west. Mule deer, bobcat, coyote, mountain lion, black bear, and jackrabbit are common mammal species. This parcel is within a portion of the Monache- Walker Pass National Cooperative Land and Wildlife Management Area.

VEGETATION

Pinyon pine is the dominant species with lesser amounts of western juniper and an understory of big sage, Douglas rabbitbrush, and needlegrass. No candidate RT&E vegetation species exist in this WSA.

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

The majority of this WSA consists of Indiano and Wortley soils in a complex pattern on hillsides with slopes of 30 to 60 percent. The Indiano soil is a moderately deep, well-drained, cobbly sandy loam, 20 to 40 inches deep. A sandy clay loam subsoil is present. The Wortley soil is a shallow cobbly sandy loam, 6 to 20 inches deep. Some stones and boulders are present with these soils. The northwestern quarter of this WSA has 5 to 30 percent slopes and is composed of the Wortley soil with large amounts of the Sacatar and Lachim Variant soils in a complex pattern. The latter two soils are moderately deep and very deep, respectively, with coarse sandy loam textures. Granitic bedrock (decomposing) underlies all of the soils in this WSA.

MINERALS AND ENERGY Geology

The WSA in located in the Sierra Nevada geomorphic province of California. Rocks of the Sierra Nevada batholith dominate the area consisting primarily of granodiorite and quartz diorite (Taylor et al., 1984). A small portion of a north-south trending roof pendant occurs in the northwest corner of the WSA. The rock of the pendant in this area is grey to dark massive quartzite. Mineral deposits of the area are usually associated with roof pendants; historical development has occurred outside the WSA for tungsten and barite (Taylor et al., 1984). Mineral potential within the WSA is considered low.

2B-13

Rockhouse

Mining Claims

There are no mining claims In or near the WSA recorded in the Bureau's mining claim index report of April 4, 1988.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING

The WSA is located within the large Walker Pass West grazing allotment. The WSA is comprised almost entirely of range unsuitable for grazing due to steep slopes and rockiness. Consequently, little grazing use occurs on the WSA, and the only range improvement on the WSA is a boundary fence on the west side at the U.S. Forest Service boundary.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described issue by i ssue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the area's other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be insignificant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical and statistical information regarding the area's resources, impacts in this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area's wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the area’s wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the regional or local population would change over more than one genera- tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource. In terms of the area’s wildlife, the abundance or distribution of the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to its former level within several generations.

Rockhouse

2B-14

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 130 Acres Non-wilderness

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 130 acres in the Rockhouse WSA will be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. The WSA will be managed for multiple use in accordance with the existing South Sierra Foothills MFP.

The WSA will not be included in the adjacent USFS designated Domeland Wilderness Area.

The primary concern under the Proposed Action relates to wilderness values. No other issues pertaining to the WSA were identified for detailed ana- lysis .

Impacts on Wilderness Values

The Proposed Action will not result in any of the 130 acres being desig- nated as wilderness. None of the wilderness values within the 130-acre WSA will receive the special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. The wilderness values for this Section 202 WSA are generally dependent upon the adjacent USFS Domeland Wilderness Area. The WSA has retained its naturalness. However, due to the small size of the WSA opportunities for solitude are limited. Primitive and unconfined recrea- tion opportunities are very restrictive with no known nonmotorized recrea- tion occurring. The adjacent Domeland Wilderness Area does not enhance or add to these opportunities. There are no special features identified within the WSA.

Although there will be no administrative or legislative closure of the WSA to recreational vehicle use, there are currently no vehicle routes or motorized vehicle use within the WSA. Therefore, there will be no impacts to wilderness values as a result of recreational vehicle use.

The WSA will remain open to mineral/energy exploration and development. However, due to the low mineral potential and no mining claims in the area, there are no mineral/energy exploration or development activities anticipated for the WSA. There will be no impacts to wilderness values as a result of mineral/energy exploration and development.

Fire suppression activities could have a minor short-term negative impact on the area’s naturalness if the use of mechanized equipment is required to control potential wildfires. However, these impacts, primarily surface disturbance, will be reduced by rehabilitation of disturbed areas including harrowing and seeding.

Although the WSA is part of a larger grazing allotment, livestock grazing will remain limited due to the unsuitable conditions as a result of the 3teep slopes and rockiness. Annual inspection and maintenance of the existing boundary fence along the west side of the WSA will negligibly impact solitude. Since there is no vehicular access to the boundary all activities will be done by foot or horseback. Continued limited grazing use will not result in any impacts to the WSA’s wilderness values.

2B-15

Rockhouse

Conclusion:

Nondesignation of the WSA as wilderness will not result in any anti- cipated impacts to the wilderness values. There will be no surface disturbance in the WSA. Recreational vehicle use and mineral/energy exploration and development are not projected within the WSA. Con- tinued limited livestock grazing will not impact the area’s wilderness values and inspection and maintenance will only negligibly impact solitude. Potential fire suppression activities as a result of wildfires could lead to short-term impacts to the perception of naturalness .

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

There are no planned management actions under the Proposed Action that will result in any unavoidable adverse impacts. Fire suppression activi- ties could result in short-term adverse impacts if mechanized equipment is required should a wildfire occur.

Relationship Between Local Short-Term U3e3 of Man’s Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-Term Productivity

Within the entire 130-acre WSA, all present short-term uses, primarily limited livestock grazing, will continue. The long-term productivity of the WSA will be maintained. Without wilderness designation, the possibil- ity of activities such as mineral/energy development that could reduce long-term productivity is greater than under wilderness designation. However, in the Rockhouse WSA the potential for mineral/energy resources is considered low, and no development is anticipated.

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

Due to the lack of projected management actions or surface-disturbing activities, no irreversible or irretrievable commitments of wilderness resources or other resource values are anticipated.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

130 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non-wilderness

Under the All Wilderness Alternative, the entire 130 acres of the Rockhouse WSA would be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. This Section 202 WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USFS Domeland Wilderness Area to maintain the existing wilderness values. The primary impact under this alternative relates to the protection of wilder- ness values.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness values within the 130-acre Rockhouse WSA would receive special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. There would be a slight positive benefit as a result of wilderness designation. However,

Rockhouse

2B-16

as described under the Proposed Action, there are no planned management actions that would impact the wilderness values of the WSA. Closure of the WSA to recreational vehicle use and mineral/energy exploration and development would assure long-term protection although there is currently no use or projected activities. Continued limited livestock grazing would not result in any changes to the WSA's wilderness values. Under this alternative, wilderness values particularly naturalness and solitude would be retained.

The use of mechanized fire equipment would be restricted under wilderness management. Wildfire suppression activities would be limited to hand crews and the use of aircraft to minimize surface disturbance.

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation of the Rockhouse WSA would result in a slight positive benefit. Long-term protection from unanticipated future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be provided by legislation.

2B-17

Rockhouse

.

Domeland WSA

\

DOMELAND WSA (CA-010-032)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2C-3

General Description of the Area 2C-3

Identification of Issues 2C-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternatives . 2C-4

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2C-5

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES 2C-5

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2C-5

Recreation Management Actions 2C-5

Fire Management Actions 2C-6

Wildlife Management Actions 2C-6

Grazing Management Actions 2C-6

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2C-6

Vegetation Management Actions 2C-6

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2C-6

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2C-6

All Wilderness Alternative 2C-6

Summary of Significant Impacts 2C-10

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT . . 2C-11

Wilderness Values 2C-11

Naturalness 2C-11

Solitude 2C-11

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2C-11

Special Features 2C-11

Land Ownership 2C-11

Recreation 2C-12

Visual Resources 2C-12

Cultural Resources 2C-12

Wildlife 2C-13

Vegetation 2C-13

Soils and Watershed Resources 2C-14

Minerals and Energy 2C-14

Livestock Grazing 2C-14

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 2C-15

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2C-15

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2C--16

Impacts on Mineral/Energy Development 2C-1T

Impacts on Archaeological Resources 2C-17

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2C-17

Dome land

2C- 1

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man's Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2C-18

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2C-18

All Wilderness Alternative 2C-18

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2C-18

Impacts on Mineral/Energy Development 2C-19

Impacts on Archaeological Resources 2C-19

MAP

Proposed Action 2C-7

Domeland

2C-2

DOMELAND WSA

(CA- 010- 032) INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Domeland WSA consists of two separate parcels totaling 2,209 acres of public land. These parcels generally adjoin the USFS Domeland Wilderness along each parcel’s northern boundary. This WSA is located in Kern County, just across the South Fork of the Kern River from the community of Onyx. The parcels are made up of primarily very steep, rocky hillsides. South- facing slopes are dominated by desert needlegrass with some burrobush, chaparral yucca, convolvulus, and California buckwheat elsewhere. The easternmost parcel contains a small riparian zone along the South Fork of the Kern River. This zone is dominated by Fremont cottonwood and willow trees. The entire WSA is within the South Fork Cooperative Management Agreement Area.

No special features are found in this WSA.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Domeland Section 202 WSA, the following issues were identified during the scoping process and selected for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have bene- ficial or adverse impacts on its wilderness values.

- Impacts on Mineral/Energy Development

Currently there are four abandoned placer claims totaling approxi- mately 400 acres within the WSA. Wilderness designation could restrict future mineral exploration and development. The impact of designation on these activities is an issue for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Archaeological Resources

Low lying areas along the southern end of the WSA have a moderate to high potential for archaeological sites. These sites could be impacted by uses and actions that would occur should the WSA not be designated wilderness. The significance of these impacts on the area’s archaeological resources is an issue for analysis in the EIS.

Additional issues were assessed to determine their significance for analy- sis in the EIS. However, upon further consideration they were not selected for detailed analysis. A brief discussion of each issue and the reason for dismissing it from analysis in the EIS follows.

2C-3

Domeland

- Impacts on Fire Suppression Activities

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation would have on fire suppression activities. This issue was considered but dropped from detailed analysis. Although the Bureau's wilderness management policy does impose certain restrictions on suppression measures and techniques, much latitude is allowed so as not to significantly constrain effective fire management.

- Impacts on Riparian Habitat Improvement/Protection Projects

An issue dealing with the effect of wilderness designation on the implementation and maintenance of riparian habitat improvement/ protection projects in the WSA was considered but dropped from further analysis. Although the Bureau’s wilderness management policy imposes certain restrictions on maintenance/monitoring wild- life management measures, much latitude is allowed so as not to constrain effective project maintenance and monitoring efforts.

- Impacts on Recreational ORV U3e

An issue dealing with the effect of wilderness designation on recre- ational ORV opportunities in the WSA was considered but dropped from further consideration. No ORV recreational routes currently exist in the WSA because of very steep rocky terrain and all ORV cross- country travel is prohibited under the Caliente Resource Area's off- road vehicle use designations.

- Impacts on Livestock Grazing Operations

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation would have on grazing operations. This issue was considered but dropped from detailed analysis. The WSA is only a small part of the three grazing allotments and no grazing improvements are located within the WSA, therefore no adverse impacts to grazing operations would occur.

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

For the Domeland WSA the following Proposed Action and Alternative were selected for analysis in this EIS.

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 2,209 Acres Non- wilderness

The Proposed Action for the Domeland WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under this proposal, none of the 2,209 acres will be designated wilderness, but will continue to be managed for multiple use as described in this document and in detail in the South Sierra Foothills MFP (1983). The rationale for this proposal include: (1) the wilderness values of the area are not

Domeland

2C--4

outstanding and (2) the current management has proven effective in main taining the area's existing resources. The Sequoia National Forest expressed concern about the potential for increasing trespass vulnerability to the USFS Domeland Wilderness Area should the WSA be designated wilder- ness. The USFS desired the Section 202 WSA not be designated wilderness because of conflicts with management objectives of the adjacent USFS wilderness area.

All Wilderness A1 ternat ive

2,209 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non-wilderness

The entire 2,209-acre Domeland WSA would be designated wilderness. This alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be desig- nated wilderness.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED FROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

The steep topography and irregular shape of the 2,209- acre Domeland WSA did not present opportunities to develop a Partial Wilderness Alternative.

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be predicted with certainty, projections of management actions have been made to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and alternative. These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the EIS. They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could occur and the Proposed Action and alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDBRNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 2,209 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 2,209 acres within the Domeland WSA will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multiple use under the guidance of the South Sierra Management Plan.

Recreation Management Actions

The lands within the WSA have no recreational 0RV routes and no new routes are anticipated to be constructed. Limited public access opportunities and very steep, exposed and rocky terrain seriously limit both motorized and nonmotorized recreational opportunities. Additionally, motorized recreation vehicle use is prohibited under the Caliente Resource Area's off- road vehicle use designations. The only interest expressed in the recreational opportunities of the WSA have come from hunters who wish to

2C-5

Domeland

gain access to the extreme western end of the WSA; their use is estimated at less than 10 visitor days per year. Development of recreational facil- ities, such as campgrounds, is not anticipated because of the low use the area receives.

Fire Management Actions

Under the no wilderness alternative, a modified suppression plan will be written to be carried out by BLM force account. (recommended by Technical Review Team; Walker Pass Coordinated Resource Management Plan).

Wildlife Management Actions

The entire WSA is cooperatively managed with the Nature Conservancy under a proposed Cooperative Agreement. Proposed actions will include willow and cottonwood planting and protective fencing for plants and the riparian zone along the South Fork of the Kern River on the southern boundary of the WSA.

Grazing Management Act

Although the WSA is included as a portion of three grazing allotments, there are no grazing management actions planned. The steep, rocky terrain renders the WSA mostly unsuitable for grazing except for portions of the southern edge of the WSA that are part of the South Fork valley floor.

Minera 1/Energy Development Actions

The entire 2,209 acres of the Domeland WSA will be open to all forms of mineral entry. However the potential for mineral development is low to nonexistent. Approximately 400 acres of abandoned placer claims exist within the WSA (18% of WSA acreage) with no activity or surface disturbance having occurred. There are no mineral/energy developments projected within a 15- to 20-year planning projection.

Veget ation Management Actions

There are no vegetation management actions planned for the WSA.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

Due to the low cultural sensitivity and lack of projected surface-disturb- ing activities on public lands within the WSA, there are no cultural resource management actions planned.

Land Te nure Adjustment Actions

No land tenure adjustments are proposed for the WSA.

Domeland

2C-6

Map

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Domeland

MAP FOR DOMRLAND WSA page 2

Domeland

2C-8

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

2,209 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non wilderness.

The entire 2, 209- acre Domeland WSA would be designated wilderness. This alternative represents the maximum possible acreage . that could be desig- nated wilderness. The WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adja- cent USFS Domeland Wilderness.

Recreation Management Actions

Wilderness designation would prohibit all motorized recreation within the 2,209-acre Domeland WSA. In general, the recreation management actions under the All Wilderness Alternative are the same as the Proposed Action, due to the fact that no ORV routes exist in the WSA.

Fire Management Actions

Under this alternative, a fire management plan would be written for the WSA and would become an addendum to the Wilderness Management Plan. Fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and ground crews would be used for fire control. Cross-country vehicle travel would be permitted only when the terrain and soil conditions would permit such travel without damage to vegetative cover. Heavy equipment such as tracked vehicles and dozers would not be permitted except to prevent loss of human life or to protect private or high-value property and only with the approval of the District Manager.

Wildlife Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action management actions would include revegetation and protective fencing within the riparian zone along the South Fork of the Kern River.

Grazing Management Actions

There would be no grazing management actions as described under Proposed Action.

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

Under the All Wilderness Alternative, validity examinations would be conducted for the four abandoned placer claims within the WSA. All 2,209 acres of the WSA would be withdrawn from all forms of appropriation under the mining and mineral leasing laws, subject to valid existing rights.

Vegetation Management Actions

There would be no vegetation management actions as described under Proposed Action.

Cul tu r al Resource Management Actions

There would be no cultural resource management actions as described under Proposed Action.

2C-9

Domeland

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVES FOR THE DOMELAND WSA

ISSUE- RELATED RESOURCES

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDBRNESS/NO ACTION)

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Impacts to wilderness values, particularly naturalness and solitude, will be limited.

The only activity affecting wilderness values will be the minimal mineral assess- ment work necessary to main- tain four placer claims.

There will be up to one- half acre of seasonal surface disturbance within the riverbed and the per- ception of naturalness temporarily impaired on up to five acres. Solitude will be intermittently disrupted as a result of the actual assess- ment activity. There will be no other impacts to the wil- derness values within the

Wilderness designation of the Domeland WSA would result in a slight positive benefit. The four placer claims would most likely be terminated. As a result validity examinations and annual mineral assessment work would be eliminated. Long-term protection from anticipated future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be provided by wilderness designation.

WSA.

Impacts on Mineral/Energy Exploration and Development

There will be no impact on mineral/energy exploration and development.

Wilderness designation would result in closing the entire 2,209 acres to mineral entry. Based on a low to nonexistent poten- tial for mineral develop- ment and the lack of activity on four placer claims, there would be mineral development opportunities foregone.

Impacts on

Archaeological

Resources

Although activities such as mineral/energy exploration and development will be permitted, there is no surface disturbance antici- pated due to the lack of projected management actions. There will be no impact on archaeological resources.

There would be a slight positive impact on potential archaeological resources in the WSA. Although wilderness desig- nation would preclude surface-disturbing activi- ties such as mineral exploration and develop- ment, there are no pro- posed management actions that would potentially result in any impacts to archaeological resources that may exist in the WSA.

Domeland

2C-10

Land Tenure Adjustment

As described under the Proposed Action, there are no land tenure adjustment management actions planned for the WSA. However, a cooperative agreement would establish management responsibilities by the U.S. Forest Service in conjunction with their designated Domeland Wilderness Area adjacent to the WSA.

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Domeland WSA and the resources that could be affected by the management actions of the Proposed Action and alternative( s ) .

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Bakersfield Dis- trict Office and the Caliente Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES Naturalness

The WSA consists of two separate parcels adjoining the extreme southern end of the Domeland Wilderness (administered by Sequoia National Forest). The parcels are made up of primarily very steep, rocky hillsides, rising sharply out of the Kern River Valley. Both parcels have retained their natural character with only minor man made intrusions along the western most parcels’ southern boundary. These intrusions include ranching roads from the Onyx Ranch and a manmade reservoir in Gibonney Canyon.

Solitude

Opportunities for solitude in this WSA are limited due to the unit’s relatively small size, narrow shape and proximity to ranching and farming operations .

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

Very little opportunity for primitive and unconfined recreation exists in this unit due to it's severe topographic features and lack of access. No nonmotorized use is known to currently exist except along the extreme western end of the WSA.

Special Features

The Domeland WSA contains no ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.

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Domeland

LAND OWNERSHIP

The WSA is bordered by the Sequoia National Forest’s Domeland Wilderness Area on the north and private land on the west, south and east. There are no private inholdings within the WSA.

RECREATION

Limited access and extremely steep, exposed and rocky terrain combine to seriously limit the recreational opportunities (motorized or nonmotorized) of this WSA. Several inquiries are made annually regarding hunting oppor- tunities on the western most portions of the WSA. No other use is antici- pated at this time. The Caliente Resource Area’s off-road vehicle use designations prohibit the use of motorized recreational vehicles in the WSA.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The scenic quality of the WSA is typical of the surrounding landscape with little diversity other than the presence of the South Fork Kern River. Manmade visual intrusions are limited to ranching roads and fences along the southern boundary. Overall, the WSA is not considered to have a high scenic quality.

CULTURAL RESOURCES

Ethnographically , the region encompassing the Domeland WSA was inhabited by two primary groups. The Kawaiisu, a Southern Numic speaking group, primarily occupied the region from the South Fork of the Kern River to the Tehachapi area. Their core area of habitation was centered around Kelso Canyon, Walker Basin and the Lorraine area (Theodoratus , 1984).

The Tubatulabal speaking groups lived primarily north of the Kawaiisu along the upper Kern drainages. The range of the Tubatulabal was more

extensive, reaching west to the mouth of the Kern River Canyon, to Mt. Whitney to the north and Walker Pass to the east. The core areas inhabited were in the Kern, Hot Springs and South Fork Kern Valley, an area which is now considerably inundated by Lake Isabella (Theodoratus, 1984). The Domeland WSA is geographically situated in an area considered to be a transitional/or interface area between the two cultural groups.

Although these two cultural groups belonged to different linguistic groups, they assumably had much in common culturally. Their subsistence pattern was based upon hunting, fishing and gathering of wild plants. As with

many Native American groups in California, both cultural groups practiced seasonal subsistence patterns, moving to various elevations and areas depending upon the seasonal availability of various foodstuffs. The use of acorns and pinyon nuts were most important as food staples in this

cultural region encompassing the WSA.

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2C-12

Unlike the Spanish and Mexican interest along the coast of California and portions of the interior during the early historic period, the Spanish and Mexicans generally ignored the geographic region surrounding the Domeland WSA. The first American to have officially entered the South Fork Valley adjacent to the WSA was Joseph R. Walker who led one of Fremont' 3 expedi- tions over the Walker Pass in 1834. Initial settlement, some 15 miles southwest of the WSA, came with the discovery of gold near Keyesville in 1856. After a short gold strike period, the mining eventually gave way to sheep and cattle ranching. Today, the area is used principally for recre- ation by urban communities, although grazing and mining are still important activities (Theodoratus , 1984).

For a more detailed description of the regional prehistory, ethnohistory and history, refer to Theodoratus, 1984.

As a result of a cultural records search at the South Central Information Center in Bakersfield on January 7, 1987, and a review of historical/ archaeological data, records reveal no cultural sites within or contiguous to the WSA. There are no known National Register of Historic Places properties or California Historic Landmarks within or adjacent to the WSA. No known archaeological field investigations have occurred within the WSA, although some limited amount of cultural inventory has occurred in some of the surrounding adjacent areas. These previous investigations resulted in the recordation of several archaeological and historical sites to the south and west of the WSA. Some sites of particular interest are the Cottage Grove Historical Cemetery, a Native American Cemetery and a pictograph site .

Based upon the existing inventory data and the ideal physiographic setting of the WSA adjacent to a major perennial water source (the South Fork Kern River) and the South Fork Valley, the cultural sensitivity for the WSA is considered potentially moderate to high.

Archaeological resources which may be anticipated to occur in the WSA, are those associated with hunting, gathering, food processing and perhaps ceremonial sites. The most likely site types which may potentially occur in the WSA are lithic flake scatters, middens, rock art, milling stations, rock shelters and perhaps human burial loci. Cultural site features may occur separately or in a multiple combination per site.

WILDLIFE

The area is used around the year by mule deer, black bear, coyote, skunk, bobcat, jackrabbit, and numerous bird species. In addition, the riparian zone along the South Fork of the Kern River provides nesting habitat for osprey, great blue heron, wood duck, and possibly the California yellow- billed cuckoo. This parcel is within the South Fork Cooperative Management Agreement area.

VEGETATION

The south and southwest- facing slopes within this parcel are generally dominated by desert needlegrass. East facing slopes, although dominated by desert needlegrass, contain varying amounts of burrobush, chaparral

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Domeland

yucca, convolvulus, and California buckwheat. Above 4,000 feet Digger pine, scrub oak, California juniper, and Nevada ephedra can be found. Along the South Fork of the Kern River, Fremont cottonwood and willow dominate a well defined riparian zone. No known RT&E candidate species exist in this WSA.

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

Soils in this WSA are mainly sandy, shallow soils of the Xyno and Canebrake series. Hillslopes are steep or very steep (30-60%) and have numerous rock outcrops, boulders, and large rock fragments. Decomposing granitic bedrock underlies these soils to a depth of 10 to 50 feet. The soils are somewhat excessively drained and are low in organic matter. The erosion hazard is high under bare soil conditions.

MINERALS AND ENERGY Geology

The WSA is located in the Sierra Nevada geomorphic province. Rocks of the WSA represent Cretaceous (65-136 million years before present) Sierra Nevada batholiths which are barren of locatable mineral concentrations. Therefore, the potential for mineral development is considered low to nonexistent. BLM records dated March 25, 1988, indicate that there are no unpatented mining claims, mineral leases, or mineral material sales con- tracts/permits .

Mining Claims

Four abandoned placer claims totaling approximately 400 acres are located in the WSA representing 18% of the area. However, no activity or surface disturbance has occurred.

Salable Minerals

Sand and gravel is produced from the South Fork Valley stream deposits, east of the WSA. Small deposits of decomposed granite fill material may also occur in the WSA. Such deposits would be useful only for the local development due to transportation costs; however, similar material is available, and more easily accessible, in the riverbed itself.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING

The WSA is located within three grazing allotments, the Rudnick Common, Smith Canyon, and Fay Canyon allotments.

The Rudnick Common Allotment is actually a large allotment within the California Desert District. The WSA is within a small sliver of the allotment that extends into the Bakersfield District.

The WSA is mostly unsuitable in all three allotments for grazing due to steep slopes. The only suitable acres are in the south portion of the WSA that are in the South Fork Valley floor. The public land within the WSA

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was permitted for livestock use to allow grazing from adjacent private lands avoiding the need for fencing. There are no range improvements within the WSA since adequate facilities exist outside the WSA.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described issue by issue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the area’s other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be insignificant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical and statistical information regarding the area's resources, impacts in this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area's wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the regional or local population would change over more than one genera- tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource. In terms of the area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to its former level within several generations.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 2,209 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 2,209 acres in the Domeland WSA will be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. The WSA will be managed for multiple use in accordance with the existing South Sierra Foothills MFP.

The WSA will not be included in the adjacent USFS designated Domeland Wilderness Area.

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Domeland

The primary concerns under the Proposed Action relate to wilderness values and archaeological resources.

Impacts on Wilderness Valu e s

The Proposed Action for the Domeland WSA will not result in any of the 2,209 acres within the WSA being designated as wilderness. None of the wilderness values will receive the special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. The wilderness values for this Section 202 WSA are generally dependent upon the adjacent USFS Domeland Wilderness Area due to the WSA’s small size and narrow shape. The WSA has generally retained its naturalness. However, opportunities for solitude are limited. Primitive and unconfined recreation is restricted due to steep plots and lack of access except for in the western end of the WSA with only occa- sional hunting occurring. The adjacent USFS Wilderness Area does not noticeably enhance the WSA’s wilderness values. There are no special features .

The WSA has been designated as closed to motorized recreational vehicles under the Caliente Resource Area's of f- road vehicle use designations. Therefore there will be no impacts to wilderness values, particularly naturalness and solitude as a result of motorized recreation use.

Fire suppression activities could have a minor short-term negative impact on the WSA’s naturalness if the use of mechanized equipment is required to control potential wildfires. However, a modified suppression plan limiting motorized equipment along with rehabilitation efforts including harrowing and seeding will reduce the surface- disturbing impacts.

Proposed plantings of native willows and cottonwoods within the riparian zone along the South Fork of the Kern River will result in a long-term positive impact. Naturalness will be improved and maintained within the riparian zone. There will be a short-term reduction in the perception of naturalness as a result of protective fencing necessary to help the plant- ings until they are established. The post and wire fence will be visible from up to a quarter of a mile.

Limited livestock grazing within the southern portion of the WSA in the South Fork Valley will continue at existing levels. There will be no change in the effects of livestock grazing on the naturalness of the WSA.

There is no mineral development projected within the WSA due to the low to nonexistent potential for mineral development. The four abandoned placer claims in the southern portion of the WSA will most likely continue annual minimal mineral assessment work resulting in a loss of naturalness on up to one- half acre of total surface disturbance which is generally confined to the riverbed and temporary in nature. The assessment work will locally impair naturalness on up to 5 acres in the southern portion of the WSA. This impact will be seasonal since the majority of placer claim activity is restricted to five months- from late June to November- because of high water volumes during the remainder of the year. Additionally, the use of small suction dredges for the assessment work will result in intermittent disruption of solitude.

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Conclusion:

Impacts to wilderness values, particularly naturalness and solitude, will be limited. The only activity affecting wilderness values will be the minimal mineral assessment work necessary to maintain four placer claims. There will be up to one- half acre of surface distur- bance within the riverbed and the perception of naturalness temporarily impaired on up to 5 acres. Solitude will be intermittently disrupted as a result of the actual assessment activity. There will be no other impacts to the wilderness values within the WSA.

Impacts on Mineral/Bnergy Exploration and Development

Under the Proposed Action, exploration and development of mineral/energy resources within the WSA will be permitted. Approximately 400 acres of placer claims are located in the WSA. However, the potential for mineral development is considered low to nonexistent. While mineral/energy activi- ties will be permitted, no exploration or development is anticipated.

Conclusion:

There will be no impact on mineral/energy exploration and development. Impacts on Archaeological Resources

Under the Proposed Action, activities such as mineral/energy exploration and development will be permitted. There is no projected mineral explora- tion or development anticipated due to the low potential for mineral/energy resources. There is a moderate to high potential for archaeological resources within the low lying areas along the southern portion of the WSA. Under the Caliente Resource Area’s ORV designations recreational vehicle use is prohibited in the WSA. Should any surface-disturbing activities be proposed on the 400 acres of placer claims, a surface inventory will be conducted to determine the presence and significance of any archaeological resources as well as necessary mitigation measures. Prior to planting and protective fencing proposed for rehabilitation of the riparian zone along the South Fork of the Kern River, an inventory will be conducted to assure potential archaeological resources are avoided. Therefore, there are no impacts in potential archaeological resources projected to occur within the WSA.

Conclusion:

Although activities such as mineral/energy exploration and development will be permitted, there is no surface disturbance anticipated due to the lack of projected management actions. There will be no impact on archaeological resources.

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

There are no projected management actions or surface- disturbing activities that will result in any significant unavoidable adverse impacts. The minimal mineral assessment work associated with the four placer claims will result in only negligible adverse impacts that will be temporary in nature.

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Dome land

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-term Productivity

Under the Proposed Action, the WSA will not be designated wilderness and all current and projected short-term uses will continue. The long-term productivity of the WSA will be maintained. While limited surface distur- bance will occur as a result of mineral assessment work for the four placer claims it will not significantly impair long-term productivity. Without wilderness designation the possibility of activities such as mineral development is greater than under wilderness designation. However, the potential for mineral development in the Domeland WSA is considered low and no development is anticipated for the four existing placer claims or remainder of the WSA. Long-term productivity of the WSA will be enhanced by proposed rehabilitation efforts along the riparian zone.

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

Due to the lack of projected management actions or surface-disturbing activities, no irreversible or irretrievable commitments of wilderness resources or other resource values are anticipated. Surface disturbance resulting from mineral assessment work within the riverbed is projected to be very minor and temporary with no irreversible or irretrievable commit- ment of resources.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

2,209 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 2,209 acres within the Domeland WSA would be designated as wilderness under the All Wilderness Alternative. This Section 202 WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USES Domeland Wilderness Area to maintain the existing wilderness values.

The primary impacts under this alternative relate to the protection of wilderness values and archaeological resources as well as restricting mineral exploration and development activity.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness values within the entire 2,209 acre Domeland WSA would receive special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. There would be a slight positive benefit as a result of wilderness designation. However, the only significant change in management actions and subsequent impacts from those described under the Proposed Action would be related to the annual minimal minerals assessment for the four placer claims. Based on the low to nonexistent potential for mineral development, it is antici- pated that a validity determination would result in the four placer claims being terminated. The potential for surface disturbance from assessment work would be eliminated.

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2C-18

The use of mechanized fire equipment would be restricted under wilderness management. Wildfire suppression activities would be limited to hand crews and the use of aircraft to minimize surface disturbance.

Revegetation and protective fencing within the riparian zone would continue as described under the Proposed Action. Naturalness would be improved and maintained within the riparian zone along the South Fork of the Kern River.

Livestock grazing would continue at the existing levels which are limited by the lack of suitable grazing within the WSA. There would be no change in the existing naturalness as a result of continued grazing.

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation of the Domeland WSA would result in a slight positive benefit. The four placer claims would most likely be ter- minated. As a result validity examinations and annual mineral assess- ment work would be eliminated. Long-term protection from unanticipated future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be provided by wilderness legislation.

Impacts on Mineral/Energy Development

The entire 2, 209 -acre WSA would be closed to mineral appropriations under the mining laws subject to valid existing rights. While the WSA is con- sidered to have a low to nonexistent potential for mineral development, there are four placer claims totaling approximately 400 acres. There has been no activity or surface disturbance relating to the exploration and development of mineral resources. Although the WSA would be closed to mining, there are no known mineral resource development opportunities that would be foregone. The existing placer claims would be determined invalid and terminated as a result of wilderness designation.

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation would result in closing the entire 2,209 acres to mineral entry. Based on a low to nonexistent potential for mineral development and the lack of activity on four placer claims, there would be mineral development opportunities foregone.

Impacts on Archaeological Resources

Wilderness designation would close the WSA to surface- disturbing activities such as mineral exploration and development that could result in potential

impacts to archaeological resources. However, based on a low to non

existent potential for mineral development wilderness designation would result in little change in mineral exploration and development activities. The existing limited livestock grazing would continue however no livestock facilities exist or are planned that would result in any surface distur- bance. There would be a slight positive benefit to potential archaeo

logical resources, especially in the low lying areas along the southern

end of the WSA.

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Domeland

Conclusion:

There would be a slight positive impact on potential archaeological resources in the WSA. Although wilderness designation would preclude surface-disturbing activities such as mineral exploration and develop- ment, there are no proposed management actions that would potentially result in any impacts to archaeological resources that may exist in the WSA.

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Machesna WSA

MACHESNA WSA (CA-010-108)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2D-3

General Description of the Area 2D-3

Identification of Issues 2D-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternatives . 2D-4

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2D-5

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES 2D-5

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2D-5

Recreation Management Actions 2D-5

Fire Management Actions 2D-6

Wildlife Management Actions 2D-6

Grazing Management Actions 2D-6

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2D-6

Vegetation Management Actions 2D-6

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2D-6

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2D-6

All Wilderness Alternative 2D-9

Summary of Significant Impacts 2D-11

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2D-12

Wilderness Values 2D-12

Naturalness 2D-12

Solitude 2D-12

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2D-12

Special Features 2D-12

Land Ownership 2D-12

Recreation 2D-13

Visual Resources 2D-13

Cultural Resources 2D-13

Wildlife 2D-13

Vegetation 2D-14

Soils and Watershed Resources 2D-14

Minerals and Energy 2D-14

Livestock Grazing 2D- 14

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 2D-15

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2D-15

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2D-16

Impacts on Hi Mountain Enduro 2D-17

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2D-17

Machesna

2D-1

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2D-17

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2D-17

All Wilderness Alternative 2D-17

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2D-18

Impacts on Hi Mountain Enduro 2D-18

MAPS

Proposed Action 2D-7

Machesna

2D-2

MACHESNA WSA

(CA-010-108)

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Machesna WSA consists of a small 80-acre parcel adjoining the USFS Machesna Wilderness to the east. The WSA Is located in San Luis Obispo County, east of the community of Poso. The WSA contains the headwaters of two small tributaries to the Salinas River. The south- facing slopes are primarily chamise chaparral, with blue oak woodland, annual grassland and an occasional Digger Pine. There are no special features within the WSA. The one existing primitive vehicle route within the WSA is utilized each year as part of the one-day Hi Mountain Enduro Motorcycle Event, and also provides the only vehicle access along the northern boundary of the Machesna Wilderness.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Machesna Section 202 WSA, the following issues were identified during the scoping process and selected for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have beneficial or adverse impacts on its wilderness values.

- Impacts on the Hi Mountain Enduro

The one existing vehicle route through the WSA has been utilized intermittently since 1950 as part of the Nick Route, a portion of the Hi Mountain Enduro sponsored by the Cal Poly Penguins Motorcycle Club. This event, which is held during late March, starts, finishes, and has pit/camp areas within the Los Padres National Forest. The vehicle route is closed to all recreational vehicles the remainder of the year. Wilderness designation would eliminate the Nick Route from the Hi Mountain Enduro. Eliminating this use would affect the availability of the only recreation vehicle route out of the Machesna Mountain area. The impact of wilderness designation on the Hi Mountain Enduro is an issue for analysis in the EIS.

Additional issues were assessed to determine their significance for analy sis in the EIS. However, upon further consideration they were not selected for detailed analysis. A brief discussion of each issue and the reason for dismissing it from analysis in the EIS follows.

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Machesna

- Impact3 on Mineral/Energy Resource Development

Development of mineral/energy resources within designated wilderness areas could be affected by wilderness management restrictions.

However, the potential for mineral resources within the Machesna WSA is considered to be moderate. There are no mining claims or mineral leases that exist within the WSA. Therefore, this issue was dropped from further analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Fire Suppression Activities

Concerns were raised regarding the constraints wilderness designation would have on fire suppression activities. This issue was considered but dropped from further detailed analysis. Although the Bureau's wilderness management policy does impose certain restrictions on suppression measures and techniques, much latitude is allowed so as not to significantly constrain effective fire management.

- Impacts on Archaeological Resources

Concerns were raised over the protection of possible archaeological resources within the Machesna WSA. This issue was considered but dropped from further detailed analysis. A cultural records search found no recorded archaeological sites within or adjacent to the WSA. There are no projected surface- disturbing activities that would occur in the WSA and potentially result in impacts to archaeo- logical resources. The portion of the Hi Mountain Enduro that occurs in the WSA is limited to the only existing vehicle route in the WSA. No other ORV use is permitted in the WSA.

- Impacts on Sensitive Plant Species Habitat

Concerns were raised over the possibility of suspected candidate species Lupinus ludoviscianus being found in the shaded drainages of the WSA. No actual RT&E plants have been identified either within or adjacent to the WSA, although potential habitat is present. Field surveys would be conducted in the future if management actions affected the drainages in the WSA. Therefore, this issue was dropped from further detailed analysis in the EIS.

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

For the Machesna WSA the following Proposed Action and Alternative were selected for analysis in this EIS.

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 80 Acres Non- wilderness

The Proposed Action for the Machesna WSA is No Wilderness/No Action. Under this proposal, none of the 80 acres will be designated wilderness, but will continue to be managed for multiple use as described in this document and in detail in the Coast/Valley RMP (1984).

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2D- 4

The rationale for this proposal include: (1) the wilderness values of the area are not outstanding and (2) the current management has proven effec- tive in maintaining the area’s existing resources. This WSA was originally part of a larger WSA a portion of which was designated wilderness as part of the California Wilderness Act of 1984 along with the Los Padres National Forest's Machesna Wilderness. This 80- acre parcel was considered by the Forest Service at that time. However, due to its lack of topographic continuity with the larger wilderness area and its finger- like projection from the boundary of the wilderness area, the Forest Service indicated that the addition of this area would not enhance wilderness management .

All Wilderness Alternative

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non-wilderness

The entire 80-acre Machesna WSA would be designated wilderness. This alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be desig- nated wilderness.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED FROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

No additional alternatives were developed for the 80- acre Machesna WSA due to its small size and previous consideration by the Sequoia National Forest in conjunction with their wilderness review for their designated Machesna Wilderness Area.

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be predicted with certainty, projections of management actions have been made to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and alternative. These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the BIS. They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could occur and the Proposed Action and alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 80 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 80 acres within the Machesna WSA will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multiple use under the guidance of the Coast/Valley Resource MFP/RMP.

Recreation Management Actions

Only one vehicle route exists within the WSA; A .25 mile long route entering at the western boundary and exiting to the north into the Los Padres National Forest. Access to this route is controlled to the west by a gate on private land. General everyday recreational traffic does not

2D-5

Machesna

occur on the WSA due to this gate. The vehicle route has been used in the past as part of one loop (Nick Route) of the annual Hi Mountain Enduro (one pass going downhill with an average of 75 riders). This event accounts for all of motorized recreation on the WSA. Nonmotorized uses involve approximately 10 visitor days of hunters and hikers using the only vehicle route to gain foot/horseback access to the northern boundary of the existing Machesna Wilderness.

Development of recreational facilities, such as campgrounds, is not anti- cipated because of the low use the area receives.

Fire Management Actions

Fire suppression within the Machesna WSA will continue to be provided by the California Department of Forestry (under contract to the BLM) . No roads or trails will be improved for fire management nor will any fire- breaks be constructed. No presuppression activities are planned for the WSA.

Wildlife Management Actions

No wildlife management actions are planned for the 80- acre Machesna WSA. Grazing Management Actions

The Machesna WSA is not authorized for livestock grazing. The one existing vehicle route is used by the rancher to the west of the WSA to reach salt licks on a USFS allotment to the northeast of the WSA. No livestock grazing management actions are anticipated within the WSA.

Mlneral/Bnergy Development Actions

The entire 80 acres within the Machesna WSA will be open to mineral entry. The potential for mineral occurrence and development is considered to be moderate. There are no mining claims located in the WSA, nor are there any oil and gas lease applications on file. Therefore no mineral/energy development actions are planned.

Vegetation Management Actions

No vegetation management actions are planned for the Machesna WSA.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

No cultural resource management actions are planned due to low cultural sensitivity and lack of projected surface-disturbing activities.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

No land tenure adjustment actions are planned for the Machesna WSA.

Machesna

2D-6

Springs J'

T 30 S

'£] N ITr.

Wilderness Study Area

Forest Service

Forest Service Wilderness Area

Public Lands Included In Forest Service Wilderness Area

MAP 5

Proposed Action Machesna WSA

MACHESNA SECTION 202 WILDERNESS STUDY AREA PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

2D-7

Machesna

MAP FOR MACHESNA WSA Page 2

Mac he 8 na

2D-8

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 80 acre Machesna WSA would be designated wilderness. This alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that can be designated wilderness. The WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USFS Machesna Wilderness.

Recreation Management Actions

The entire WSA would be closed to recreational ORV use, however the area is currently closed to ORV use. The Hi Mountain Enduro would not be

allowed to cross the one-quarter-mile-long route within the WSA under the All Wilderness Alternative. Approximately 10 visitor days of hunting and hiking use would continue and the existing route would provide foot/

horseback access to the WSA.

Fire Management Actions

Under this alternative, a fire management plan would be written for the WSA and would become an addendum to the Wilderness Management Plan. Fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and ground crews would be used for fire control. Cross-country vehicle travel would be permitted only when the

terrain and soil conditions would permit such travel without damage to vegetative cover. Heavy equipment, such as tracked vehicles and dozers, would not be permitted except to prevent loss of human life or to protect private or high value property and only with the approval of the District Manager.

Wildlife Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there are no wildlife management actions proposed for the WSA.

Grazing Management Actions

There would be no grazing management actions as described under the Pro- posed Action except that access route through the WSA would be closed to a

local rancher who crosses the WSA to gain access to a USFS grazing allot- ment .

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

The entire 80 acres within the Machesna WSA would be closed to all forms of mineral entry. There are no mining claims or mineral leases that exist within the WSA. Based on the moderate potential for mineral resources, it is not anticipated that any mineral discovery would occur prior to wilder- ness designation that would establish valid existing rights. Therefore, no mineral/energy development would occur under wilderness designation.

2D-9

Machesna

Vegetation Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there are no vegetation management actions planned.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, no cultural resource management actions are planned for the WSA.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

As described under the Proposed Action there would be no land tenure adjustment management actions. However, a cooperative agreement would establish management responsibilities by the U.S. Forest Service in con- junction with their designated Machesna Wilderness Area adjacent to the WSA.

Machesna

2D-10

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVES

FOR THE MACHESNA WSA

ISSUE-RELATED

RESOURCES

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness values will be negligibly impacted as a result of not designating the WSA as wilderness. Although there is no motorized recre- ational use in the WSA, a one-quarter-mile- long primi- tive vehicle route that crosses the northwest corner of the WSA would continue to be used for the Hi Moun- tain Enduro motorcycle event. Approximately 75 riders will disrupt soli- tude when the annual event occurs. Continued infrequent use of the route to replace salt licks in the adjacent USFS grazing allotment will result in negligible impacts to solitude. Potential fire suppression activities necessary to control wild- fire could lead to short- term impacts to the percep- tion of naturalness.

There would be a slight positive benefit to wilder- ness values particularly naturalness and solitude as a result of precluding the Hi Mountain Enduro motor- cycle event and vehicle access for the adjacent USFS grazing allotment. Long-term protection from unanticipated future actions that could result in poten- tial adverse impacts would be provided by wilderness legislation.

Impacts on Hi Mountain Enduro

The Hi Mountain Enduro will continue to use one-quarter mile of primitive vehicle route in the WSA. Therefore, there would be no impact on the event.

Wilderness designation would preclude the use of the WSA for the Hi Mountain Enduro. However, alternate routes also used for the event exist outside the WSA permitting the annual event to continue to be held .

2D- 11

Machesna

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Machesna WSA and the resources that could be affected by the management actions of the Proposed Action and alternative( s ) .

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Bakersfield Dis- trict Office and the Caliente Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES Naturalness

The 80-acre parcel that makes up this WSA generally retains its natural character except for a seldom used vehicle route that enters along the western boundary and exists from the northern boundary. This vehicle route enters the Los Padres National Forest above Soto Canyon and is not used for general recreation traffic. The route is used to access a grazing allotment within the National Forest, and has been used in the past as part of a motorcycle enduro sponsored by the Cal Poly Penguins Motorcycle Club since 1950. Steep terrain and thick vegetation has limited this route to a very narrow corridor and it does not impact the total area’s naturalness.

Solitude

Opportunities for solitude in this WSA are very limited, due to it's small size and boundary, with private land on two sides. Due to the WSA’s shape and proximity to the USFS Machesna WSA, opportunities for solitude are considered limited even in conjunction with the Forest Service lands.

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

Very little opportunity exists for primitive and unconfined types of recreation due to the units small size and location next to private land activities .

Special Features

The Machesna WSA contains no ecological, geological or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.

LAND OWNERSHIP

The 80- acre parcel is owned entirely by the Federal Government; no inhold- ings exist. The unit is bordered by the Los Padres National Forest on the north, by Bureau of Land Management wilderness on the east and by private land on the south and west.

Machesna

2D--12

RECREATION

The only vehicle route running through the WSA has been used intermittently since 1950 as part of one loop of a motorcycle enduro sponsored by the Cal Poly Penguins Motorcycle Club (under USFS permit). This route is used by a maximum of 100 riders per year for one pass through only (mid-March) . The landowner to the west of the unit keeps a gate to the unit’s vehicle route locked the rest of the year. No other vehicle use occurs in the WSA. An occasional hunter may utilize the WSA, otherwise no significant recreation use exists.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The scenic quality of the Machesna WSA is considered low to moderate with little landscape variety. The WSA has a natural character with fairly uniform vegetative cover. The one vehicle route running through the unit remains visually subordinate. No structures or other man- caused distur- bances exist.

CULTURAL RESOURCES

For archaeological and historical overview of the Machesna WSA, refer to the cultural background section under the Garcia Mountain WSA.

Based on a cultural records search at the Central Coastal Information Center in Santa Barbara on January 7, 1987, there are no historical/ archaeological sites within or adjacent to the Machesna WSA. There are no known National Register of Historic Places properties or California Historic Landmarks within or near the WSA. Due to the lack of any archae- ological field investigations within the WSA as well as a very limited amount of field investigations in the geographic region encompassing the WSA, the cultural sensitivity for the Machesna WSA is unknown. However, based on the physiographic setting and the nearness of hydrologic features (i.e., springs, drainages) to the WSA, it is possible that cultural resources may occur within or adjacent to the WSA.

Archaeological resources which may be anticipated to occur in the WSA, are those associated with hunting/gathering and processing of natural food resources. Probable archaeological site types which may be encountered in the Machesna WSA are lithic pits, middens and milling stations. These cultural manifestations may occur separately in a combination of two or more per site.

WILDLIFE

The area provides foraging and nesting habitat for several bird species, notably the scrub jay, brown towhee, and California thrasher. Cooper’s hawk, sharp- shinned hawk, and American kestrel also occur in the area. Prairie falcons and golden eagles nest within 1.5 and 1 mile, respectively, and may forage on the parcel. Black- tail deer, black bear, mountain lion, bobcat, and gray fox are the common large mammal species. The entire area is heavily hunted for deer and quail.

2D- 13

Machesna

VEGETATION

This 80-acre parcel contains the headwaters of two tributaries to the Salinas River. The south- facing slopes are primarily chamise chaparral, with blue oak woodland, annual grassland, and an occasional Digger pine comprising the balance. North-facing slopes support mixed chaparral of chamise, manzanita, and ceanothus. The ephemeral tributaries are steep and fast, hindering the development of a well defined riparian zone. Suspected candidate RT&E species Lupinus ludoviscianus might be found in the drainages of this WSA.

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

No surveys exist that specifically describe the soils and watershed resources of the WSA. Hill slopes within the WSA are generally steep with two drainages that cut through the 80- acre parcel.

MINERALS AND ENERGY Geology

The WSA is located in the Coastal Range geomorphic province of California. Tertiary (1-65 million years before present) micaceous sandstone with some interbedded clay shale and cobble conglomerate underlie the parcels. These sediments were deposited in a marine environment and derived largely from a granitic source rock (Dibblee, 1986, Jennings, 1958). Based on this geologic environment the potential for mineral occurrence and develop- ment is considered low.

Oil and Gas Leasing

There are no oil and gas leases or lease applications on or near the WSA. Potential for petroleum resources is considered moderate due to the granitic bedrock exposed to the north and the predominately Cretaceous sediments overlying the bedrock in the vicinity of the WSA.

Mining Claims

There are no mining claims located in the WSA as indicated by the Bureau’s mining claim index report of March 25, 1988.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING

There is livestock grazing authorized by the BLM for the Machesna WSA. However, occasional livestock grazing does occur on the WSA due to live- stock drifting down from a U.S. Forest Service grazing permit on the adjacent Machesna Wilderness Area. There are no range improvements on the WSA. Due to the steep slopes the WSA is generally unsuitable for grazing.

Machesna

2D-14

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described issue by issue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the area's other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be insignificant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical and statistical information regarding the area's resources, impacts in this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area's wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the regional or local population would change over more than one genera- tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource. In terms of the area’s wildlife, the abundance or distribution of the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to its former level within several generations.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 80 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 80 acres in the Machesna WSA will be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. The WSA will be managed for multiple use under the guidance of the existing Coast/Valley RMP.

The WSA will not be included in the adjacent USES designated Machesna Wilderness Area. The wilderness area includes a portion of BLM public lands that were included in the California Wilderness Act of 1984.

The primary concern under the Proposed Action relates to wilderness values.

2D-15

Machesna

Imp ac t 3 on Wilderness Values

The Proposed Action for the Machesna WSA will not result in any of the 80 acres within the WSA being designated wilderness. None of the wilderness values will receive the special legislative protection provided by wilder- ness designation. The wilderness values of this Section 202 WSA are generally dependent on the adjacent USFS Machesna Wilderness Area due to the WSA’s small size. The WSA has generally retained its naturalness with the exception of one-quarter-mile-long vehicle route in the northwest corner of the WSA that is seldom used. Opportunities for solitude are very limited as are primitive and unconfined recreation opportunities due to the small size and configuration of the WSA which protrudes from the adjacent wilderness area. Wilderness values are not noticeably enhanced by the adjacent wilderness area. There are no special features within this 80-acre WSA.

The primary impact on wilderness values will result from the Hi Mountain Enduro motorcycle event which occurs on a yearly basis and often includes portions of the WSA to complete the Nick Route for the event. Approxi- mately 75 riders make one pass going downhill along a one-quarter-mile vehicle route in the northwest corner of the WSA. Impacts to naturalness and solitude will be negligible and only short-term. The vehicle route is closed the remainder of the year to motorized recreation use so there are no additional impacts from ORVs.

The WSA is not authorized for livestock grazing. However, access via the vehicle route in the WSA is permitted for a rancher to replace salt licks on a USFS grazing allotment. Vehicle use occurs infrequently resulting in approximately two trips annually. The impacts to solitude are negligible.

There are no other management actions projected for the WSA. Therefore, there will be no additional impacts to wilderness values except for poten- tial impacts as a result of fire suppression activities. The potential use of mechanized equipment to control wildfires could result in minor, short-term impacts. However, these impacts, primarily surface disturbance will be reduced by rehabilitation of disturbed areas including seeding and harrowing.

Conclusion:

Wilderness values will be negligibly impacted as a result of not designating the WSA as wilderness. Although there is no motorized recreational use in the WSA, a one-quarter- mile- long primitive vehicle route that crosses the northwest corner of the WSA will continue to be used for the Hi Mountain Enduro motorcycle event. Approximately 75 riders will disrupt solitude when the annual event occurs. Continued infrequent use of the route to replace salt licks in the adjacent USFS grazing allotment will result in negligible impacts to solitude. Potential fire suppression activities necessary to control wildfire could lead to short-term impacts to the perception of naturalness.

Machesna

2D- 16

Impacts on the HI Mountain Enduro

The Hi Mountain Enduro will continue to use the one-quarter mile of vehicle route in the northwest portion of the WSA. This portion of trail is required to complete the "Nick Loop” as part of the motorcycle event which includes approximately 75 riders. There will be no impact on the Hi Mountain Enduro. No other motorized recreation use will occur.

Conclusion:

The Hi Mountain Enduro will continue to use one-quarter mile of primi- tive vehicle route in the WSA. Therefore, there will be no impact on the event.

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

There are no planned management actions or surface-disturbing activities that will lead to unavoidable adverse impacts. Use of the existing one- quarter-mile primitive vehicle route in the northwest corner of the WSA for the Hi Mountain Enduro and as access to a USFS grazing allotment will not create any unavoidable adverse impact due to the low level of use with the motorcycle event occurring only once a year with only one pass through. Fire suppression activities could result in short-term adverse impacts if mechanized equipment is required should a wildfire occur.

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-term Productivity

Under the Proposed Action, the WSA will not be designated wilderness and all current and projected short-term uses will continue. The long-term productivity of the WSA would be maintained. Without wilderness designa- tion, the possibility of activities such as mineral/energy development is greater than under wilderness designation. However, in the Machesna WSA the potential for mineral occurrence is low and no development is antici- pated.

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

No irreversible or irretrievable commitments of the WSA’s wilderness resources or other resource values are anticipated due to the lack of projected management actions or surface-disturbing activities.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

80 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 80-acre Machesna WSA would be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation under the All Wilderness Alternative. This Section 202 WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USFS Machesna Wilderness Area to maintain the existing wilderness values.

2D-17

Machesna

The primary impacts under this alternative relate to the protection of wilderness values and the Hi Mountain Enduro motorcycle event .

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness values within the 80-acre Machesna WSA would receive special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. There would be a slight positive benefit as a result of wilderness designation. The Hi Mountain Enduro would not be able to use the one-quarter mile of existing vehicle route resulting in a slight benefit to naturalness and solitude. Use of this vehicle route as access to a grazing allotment on USFS lands would also be terminated. The infrequent use of the road would be elim- inated and there would be no periodic disruptions of solitude.

There are no other planned actions such as mineral/energy development or general recreational ORV use presently occurring in the WSA that would be eliminated resulting in any benefits to wilderness values. No grazing is authorized for the WSA.

The use of mechanized fire equipment would be restricted under wilderness management. Wildfire suppression activities would be limited to hand crews and the use of aircraft to minimize surface disturbance.

Conclusion:

There would be a slight positive benefit to wilderness values partic- ularly naturalness and solitude as a result of precluding the Hi Mountain Enduro motorcycle event and vehicle access for the adjacent USFS grazing allotment. Long-term protection from unanticipated future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be provided by wilderness legislation.

Impacts on the Hi Mountain Enduro

Wilderness designation of the Machesna WSA would preclude use of the WSA for the Hi Mountain Enduro. The motorcycle event currently uses the

one-quarter mile of primitive vehicle route in the northwest corner of the WSA to complete the "Nick Loop" portion of the overall course with approx- imately 75 riders making one downhill pass through the WSA. This par- ticular loop is not used exclusively, with other alternative routes used periodically. While the route through the WSA would no longer be avail- able, other routes exist and have been previously used for the event. Therefore, there would be a negative impact to the Hi Mountain Enduro. However, the annual event would continue to be held outside the WSA.

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation would preclude the use of the WSA for the Hi Mountain Enduro. However, alternate routes also used for the event exist outside the WSA permitting the annual event to continue to be held.

Machesna

2D- 18

Yolla Bolly WSA

*

YOLLA-BOLLY WSA (CA-030-501)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2E-3

General Description of the Area 2E-3

Identification of Issues 2E-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternative. . 2E-3

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2E-4

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE 2E-4

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2E-4

Recreation Management Actions 2E-7

Wildlife Management Actions 2E-7

Grazing Management Actions 2E-7

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2E-7

Vegetation Management Actions 2E-7

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2E-7

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2E-7

All Wilderness Alternative 2E-8

Summary of Significant Impacts 2E-9

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2E-10

Wilderness Values 2E-10

Naturalness 2E-10

Solitude 2E-10

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2E-10

Special Features 2E-10

Land Ownership 2E-10

Recreation 2E-11

Visual Resources 2E-11

Cultural Resources 2E-11

Wildlife 2E-11

Vegetation 2E-12

Soils and Watershed Resources 2E-12

Minerals and Energy 2E-12

Livestock Grazing 2E-13

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 2E-13

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2E-13

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2E-14

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2E-14

2E- 1

Yolla-Bolly

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man's Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2E-14

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2E-14

All Wilderness Alternative 2E-15

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2E-15

MAPS

Proposed Action 2E-5

Yolla-Bolly

2E- 2

YOLLA-BOLLY WSA

( CA- 030-501 ) INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Yolla-Bolly WSA is located in Tehama County, California. The WSA consists of a 640-acre section of public lands that are adjacent to the east boundary of the Yolla- Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area administered by the Shasta- Trinity National Forest.

The Yolla-Bolly WSA forms the slopes of the east side of the Yolla-Bolly Mountains and lies above Cottonwood Creek. The steep south- facing slopes of the WSA are dominated by chaparral brush species. The WSA offers no special features and due to its steep, brushy terrain and small size offers limited wildlife habitat, although deer and upland game, as well as predators such as coyote, bobcat, and mountain lions are occasional visitors. There is no grazing authorized for the WSA and no future grazing is anticipated. Due to the steep terrain and lack of vehicular access recreation opportunities and subsequent use are minimal.

The WSA is bounded by the USFS Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area to the west with non- wilderness Forest Service lands to the north. Private lands abut the east and south boundaries of the WSA.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Yolla-Bolly Section 202 WSA, one issue was identified during the scoping process and selected for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have beneficial or adverse impacts on its wilderness values.

No other issues were identified or considered for further analysis in the EIS. There are no timber resources, and no significant cultural, wildlife or mineral resources within the WSA.

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

The following Proposed Action and Alternative for the Yolla-Bolly WSA were selected for analysis in this EIS.

2E-3

Yolla Bolly

Proposed Ac t ion (No_ Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 640 Acres Non- wilderness

None of the 640 acres within the Yolla Bolly WSA are recommended for wilderness designation. Under this proposal the lands will be managed in accordance with the existing Redding MFP. The lands within the WSA will remain open to passive recreational uses. The terrain precludes the use of recreational vehicles. The area is characteristic of the surrounding landscape with no significant resources present. The Forest Service indicated the addition of this area to the existing Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel wilderness area would not enhance wilderness management or add significant resource values.

All Wilderness Alternative

640 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non wilderness

The entire 640- acre Yolla Bolly WSA would be designated wilderness. This alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be desig- nated wilderness. While developments in support of activities such as recreational ORV use, mining, and grazing would be prohibited, these activities currently do not occur in the WSA and are not anticipated in the future.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED FROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

No other alternatives were considered because of the area’s small size (640 acres) and lack of special resource values.

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be predicted with certainty, projections of management actions have been made to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and alternative. These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the EIS. They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could occur under the Proposed Action and alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 640 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 640 acres within the Yolla-Bolly WSA will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multiple use under the guidance of the Redding MFP.

Yolla-Bolly

2E-4

4000

3000

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Glade

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Wilderness Study Area

Forest Service

Forest Service Wilderness Area

Miles

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aJyOLLA BOLLY SECTION 202 WILDERNESS STUDY AREA PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

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Map

Proposed Action Yolla-Bolly WSA

2E-5

Yolla-Bolly

Map for Yolla-Bolly Page 2

Yolla Bolly

2E-6

Due to the area's small size, remote location and lack of resources, there will be minimal active management of these lands. There is very minimal

recreation use and the area has been identified as habitat for wintering deer herds.

Recreation Management Act ions

The Redding MFP designates the entire WSA as open to ORV use. There are no roads or trails within the area. Total recreation use is estimated at less than 10 visitor days, generally occurring from late spring to early fall.

There will be no recreation- oriented facilities developed.

Wildlife Management Actions

The WSA has been identified as important deer wintering range. There are no wildlife management facilities and none are contemplated.

Grazing Management Actions

There is no grazing within the WSA, and there are no plans to allow grazing in the area. The topography and preponderance of chaparral brush elimi- nates the area as suitable for livestock grazing.

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

There is no evidence of any significant mineral deposits, geothermal, or oil and gas resources within the WSA. No surface-disturbing activities or mining facility development are anticipated within the WSA.

Vegetation Management Actions

There are no anticipated vegetation management projects within the area. The area's steep slopes and resultant erosion preclude any prescribed vegetation manipulation.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

There is low potential for cultural sites other than isolated prehistoric hunting or gathering stations. There are no contemplated surface-

disturbing actions to other resources (timber, recreation, minerals) that will impact potential cultural resources. In the unlikely event that such an activity should occur, a site- specif ic plan will be prepared to mitigate impacts to cultural sites.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions *

The Redding MFP places these lands as available for disposal. However,

due to the area's low to nonexistent commercial value, it is unlikely these lands will be sold or exchanged. There are no easements or rights of- way, and there is little likelihood of any in the future.

2E- 7

Yolla Bolly

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

640 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non-wilderness

The entire 640-acre Yolla-Bolly WSA would be designated as wilderness. Discretionary management actions would be permitted only to preserve wilderness values. There would be no mineral/energy development, grazing, or recreational vehicle use within the WSA.

The WSA would be managed in conjunction with the USFS Yolla- Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area.

Recreation Management Actions

Under this alternative, the entire WSA would be closed to recreational vehicle use. There would be no use of motorized vehicles and no recreation developments .

Wildlife Management Actions

There would be no wildlife developments under this alternative as described under the Proposed Action.

Grazing Management Actions

There is currently no grazing authorized and there are no plans to initiate grazing as described under the Proposed Action.

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

The entire 640 acres within the Yolla-Bolly WSA would be closed to all forms of mineral entry. There are no known mineral or energy resources within the WSA and no mining claims or mineral leases recorded. It is not anticipated that any mineral/energy activity would occur prior to wilder- ness designation that would establish valid existing rights. Therefore, no mineral/energy development would occur under wilderness designation.

Vegetation Management Actions

Under this alternative, there would be no vegetative management actions as described under the Proposed Action.

Cultural Resource Management Actions

There are no planned management actions for cultural resources under this alternative as described under the Proposed Action.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

Under this alternative, all lands would remain in Federal ownership. However, a cooperative agreement would establish management responsibili- ties by the U.S. Forest Service in conjunction with their designated Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area adjacent to the WSA.

Yolla-Bolly

2E-8

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVE

FOR THE YOLLA BOLLY WSA

ISSUE-RELATED

RESOURCES

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

Impacts on Wilderness Values

There are no planned manage- ment actions or projected surface-disturbing activities within the WSA. Therefore, no impacts to wilderness values are anticipated.

The WSA would receive long term, legislative protec- tion that would maintain the wilderness values. There are no planned man- agement actions or pro- jected surface-disturbing activities within the WSA. Therefore, no impacts to the WSA’s wilderness

values are anticipated.

2E 9

Yolla Bolly

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Yolla- Bolly WSA and the resources that could be affected by the management actions of the Proposed Action and its alternative.

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Ukiah District Office and the Redding Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES Naturalness

The area shows little evidence of man's presence. The only exception is a fuelbreak constructed in 1976 during a wildfire which has largely grown back. There has been no mining in the area.

Solitude

The WSA's small size provides limited opportunity for solitude. The lack of roads and motorized vehicle activity allows for undisturbed use. The area is generally brush covered, making foot access difficult. There are no surrounding developments or activities that would detract from the feeling of solitude. While solitude is available, it is not considered to be outstanding.

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

The area offers traditional kinds of primitive recreational experience, but these are not outstanding when compared to like areas. There is little in the area to induce the average user to spend much time. There is no permanent water source, and the area's landscape offers no diversity.

Special Features

There are no significant cultural or geophysical features present. There are no significant wildlife resources in the area.

LAND OWNERSHIP

The area is composed of approximately 640 acres, all federally owned. The area is bounded on the west by the USFS Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness and USFS non- wilderness on the north. These Forest Service lands are administered by the Shas ta-Trinity National Forest. Private property lies on the south and east. Extensive logging has taken place to the north, with logging roads coming within one-quarter mile of the northeast corner of the WSA.

Yolla- Bolly

2E-10

RECREATION

Recreation use is quite low. There is no opportunity for motorized use within the WSA. The Redding MFP designates the area as open to ORV use. There are no established foot trails in the area. Foot access is from USFS roads on Trough Spring Ridge to the north. The northwest corner of the area is relatively flat but drops steeply into Cottonwood Creek to the south. Use i3 estimated at less than 50 visits per year, with most occur- ring during the summer months. Because of the lack of motorized access there is no hunting pressure.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The area has low visual qualities, with limited landscape diversity. Vegetation within the area is generally sparse with some areas of rela- tively thick stands of chaparral/chamise brush on a south-facing moderate slope.

CULTURAL RESOURCES

The WSA falls within the ethnographic territory of the Hill Nomlaki, perhaps of the Waykewel dialect (Goldschmidt 1978:341). These people utilized the hill and mountain country. Each village had its own special area in the mountains which was used in the summer with the main settlement along one of the principal foothill drainages. The study area falls somewhere between these main settlement areas, probably representing an area of ephemeral hunting and gathering. Goldschmidt (1978:349) notes that: ’’Archaeological investigations in the area (Treganza and Heickson 1969) have confirmed those aspects of the reconstructed culture that are amenable to archaeological preservation."

There has been no archaeological inventory of the study area. The Govern- ment T.and Office historic plats for 1878 and 1881 illustrate no historic features. The ethnographic inventory by Theodoratus Cultural Research, Inc., (1984) reveals no ethnographic locations in the vicinity.

Overall, the archaeological sensitivity of the area must be considered low. Shallow, active soils, steep slopes, and chaparral precluded major prehistoric or historic use and limit the preservation of some site types due mainly to erosion.

The ridges would be the most likely candidates for location of sites: hunting or gathering stations, or temporary camps along trails from higher mountains to the west to foothills and valleys to the east.

WILDLIFE

n

Due to the generally steep, brushy terrain, and the area’s small size, wildlife is not abundant. Deer and some upland game are found. Predators --coyote, bobcat, mountain lion are probably occasional visitors. While there are no resident or nesting rare and endangered species, Peregrine Falcon have been observed to the east in past years. The area,

2E-11

Yolla- Bolly

because of a general lack of bird life, is not considered to be suitable foraging habitat.

The one intermittent stream within the WSA has no fish.

VEGETATION

The slopes are generally chaparral covered with ceanothus and chamise as the dominant species. The brush, due to the area's moderately steep slopes, is not impenetrable.

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

Soils located in the Yolla-Bolly WSA consist mainly of Etsel (554) soils. These soils are very shallow and somewhat excessively drained. Typically, the surface layer is light yellowish brown gravelly loam over very gravelly loam about 7 inches thick. Fractured sandstone is at a depth of 7 inches. Depth to bedrock ranges from 4 to 10 inches. The natural vegetation on the Etsel soil is mainly brush because of the limited soil depth, low available water capacity, and climate. Water runoff is rapid and the hazard of erosion is high under base soil conditions. Woodland management and productivity for timber harvest is not mentioned for these soils because of a low volume of timber.

MINERALS AND ENERGY

The geology of this section has been mapped as the Yolla-Bolly and Pickett Peak terrains of the Franciscan assemblage in the northern Coast Range geologic province.

Occurring in the southwest corner of the parcel, the Yolla-Bolly terrain has been further identified as Chicago Rock Melange consisting of sheared argillite, graywacke, conglomerate, and possible small unmapped bodies of greenstone, chert, and serpentinite . Thrust over this is the Valentine Spring Formation of the Pickett Peak terrain composed primarily of meta- graywacke and a central zone of schistose metavolcanic rock. In the extreme northeast corner, the Log Springs Thrust fault has pushed the South Fork Mountain Schist of the Picket Peak terrain adjacent to and over the Valentine Spring Formation. Intensely crumpled and quartz- veined mica schist and fine-grained, laminated greenish-bluish metabasalt comprise this formation.

From a literature search, no direct evidence of mineral resources was found. From the study of the adjacent Yolla-Bolly Wilderness Area, it was determined that existing and potential manganese and chrome deposits occur within the chert layers and serpentine, respectively, of the Yolla-Bolly terrain. Four prospects in mica schist, one to two miles north of Section 18, revealed no anomalous metal values. There is a low potential for manganese and chrome on this property. No other mineral potentials are expected. There are no claims within the WSA as of March 25, 1988.

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LIVESTOCK GRAZING

There is no livestock grazing in the area and none is anticipated due to the lack of suitable forage.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described issue by issue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the area's other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be insignificant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical and statistical information regarding the area’s resources, impacts in this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area's wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the area’s wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the regional or local population would change over more than one genera- tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource. In terms of the area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to its former level within several generations.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 640 Acres Non- wilderness

None of the 640 acres within the Yolla-Bolly WSA will be recommended for wilderness designation under the Proposed Action. The WSA will be managed for multiple use in accordance with the existing Redding MFP.

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Yolla- Bolly

The WSA will not be included In the adjacent USFS designated Yolla-Bolly/ Middle Eel Wilderness Area.

The primary concern under the Proposed Action relates to the long-term protection of wilderness values.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 640 acres in the Yolla-Bolly WSA will be designated wilderness. None of the wilderness values will receive the special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. The wilderness values, including opportunities for solitude as well as primitive and unconfined recreation, of the Section 202 WSA are generally dependent on the adjacent USFS Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area. The WSA has retained its naturalness with the exception of a fuelbreak that has largely revegetated.

There are no projected management actions for the WSA. The remote location and lack of vehicular access result in less than 10 visitor days of non- motorized recreation use. The Redding MFP designates the area as open to ORV use. The WSA is not suitable for grazing and there is no evidence of any significant mineral deposits, geothermal, or oil and gas resources in the WSA. Therefore, there are no activities or surface disturbance pro- jected that will impact wilderness values in the WSA.

Conclusion:

There are no planned management actions or projected surface-disturbing activities within the WSA. Therefore, no impacts to wilderness values are anticipated.

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

There are no planned management actions or surface-disturbing activities for the WSA. There will be no unavoidable adverse impacts to the wilder- ness resource or other resource values of the WSA.

Relationship Between Local Short-term Use3 of Man*s Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-term Productivity

Under the Proposed Action, the WSA will not be designated wilderness and all current and projected short-term uses will continue. There are no projected uses other than limited nonmotorized recreation use (less than 10 visitor days). Therefore, the long-term productivity of the WSA will be maintained.

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

There will be no irreversible or irretrievable commitments of the WSA's wilderness resources or other resource values. There are no surface- disturbing activities projected for the WSA.

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ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

640 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non- wilderness

All 640 acres within the Yolla-Bolly WSA would be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation under the All Wilderness Alternative- This Section 202 WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USFS Yolla- Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area to maintain the existing wilderness values .

The primary concern under this alternative related to the long-term protec- tion of wilderness values within the WSA.

Impacts on Wilderne ss Values

Wilderness values within the 640- acre Yolla-Bolly WSA would receive special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. There are no current uses or projected activities as described under the Proposed Action that would be affected by wilderness designation. The only current use of the WSA is nonmotorized recreation use, hiking and hunting that account for less than 10 visitor use days. This recreation use would continue under the All Wilderness Alternative. There are no other projected uses or activities within the WSA. Wilderness values which are generally dependent upon the adjacent USFS Yolla- Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area would be retained .

Conclusion:

The WSA would receive long-term, legislative protection that would maintain the wilderness values. There are no planned management

actions or projected surface-disturbing activities within the WSA. Therefore no impacts to the WSA’s wilderness values are anticipated.

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Yolla-Bolly

Big Butte WSA

BIG BUTTE WSA (CA-050-211)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 2F-3

General Description of the Area 2F-3

Identification of Issues 2F-3

Selection of the Proposed Action and Development of Alternative. . 2F-5

Alternatives Considered But Dropped From Further Analysis 2F-5

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE 2F-6

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2F-6

Recreation Management Actions 2F-6

Wildlife Management Actions 2F-6

Grazing Management Actions 2F-9

Mineral/Energy Development Actions 2F-9

Vegetation Management Actions 2F-9

Timber Management Actions 2F-9

Cultural Resource Management Actions 2F-9

Land Tenure Adjustment Management Actions 2F-10

All Wilderness Alternative 2F-10

Summary of Significant Impacts 2F-12

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2F-13

Wilderness Values 2F-13

Naturalness 2F-13

Solitude 2F-13

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation 2F-13

Special Features 2F-13

Land Ownership 2F-13

Recreation 2F-14

Visual Resources 2F-14

Cultural Resources 2F-14

Wildlife 2F-14

Vegetation 2F-15

Timber Resources 2F-15

Soils and Watershed Resources 2F-15

Minerals and Energy 2F-16

Livestock Grazing 2F-16

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 2F-16

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action) 2F-19

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2F-19

Impacts on Timber Harvest 2F-21

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided 2F-21

2F--1

Big Butte

Page

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man’s Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of

Long-Term Productivity 2F-21

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 2F-22

All Wilderness Alternative 2F-22

Impacts on Wilderness Values 2F-22

Impacts on Timber Harvest 2F-23

MAPS

Proposed Action 2F-7

Commercial Forest Lands 2F-17

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2F-2

BIG BUTTE WSA

(CA-050- 211) INTRODUCTION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA

The Big Butte WSA is located in Mendocino and Trinity Counties, California. The WSA is comprised of seven parcels totaling approximately 2,391 acres. These parcels are adjacent to the west and south of the BLM's Big Butte addition to the Yolla- Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area administered by the Mendocino National Forest. The Big Butte addition was included as part of the California Wilderness Act of 1984 but did not include the parcels that comprise this WSA.

The topography of the WSA varies from moderately steep canyon walls to relatively flat ridgetops, with vegetation varying from sparse chaparral to mixed conifer stands. The WSA includes 613 acres of commercial forest- land supporting approximately 17 MMBF of timber. The portions of the WSA below the 3,500-foot elevation are part of an Area of Special Biological Importance for wintering black- tailed deer as identified by the California Department of Fish and Game. Bald Eagles, Golden Eagles and Peregrine Falcons are known to occasionally use the WSA and the streams outside the WSA for foraging. However, the WSA is not known to have any nesting sites or provide primary habitat for these raptors. Other wildlife species in the general area which may occasionally visit the WSA include black bear, coyote, bobcat, and mountain lion. Recreation use within the WSA is considered minimal due to the limited access to these seven isolated parcels. There is one grazing allotment that includes portions of the WSA to support 50 to 100 AUMs depending on forage production.

The seven parcels that comprise the WSA are generally scattered along the western boundary of the Big Butte addition of the USFS Yolla- Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area with private lands surrounding the remainder of each parcel. There is no access to these parcels from the south and west, with primarily foot access available from the Forest Service lands.

IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES

For the Big. Butte Section 202 WSA, two issues were identified during the scoping process and selected for analysis in the EIS.

- Impacts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness designation or nondesignation of the WSA could have beneficial or adverse effects on its wilderness values.

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Big Butte

- Impacts on Timber Harvest

Timber harvesting would be precluded in the WSA under wilderness designation. Approximately 17 MMBF of timber on 613 acres of commercial forestlands will not be harvested and would be removed from the timber base.

Additional issues were assessed to determine their significance for analy- sis in the BIS. However, upon further consideration they were not selected for detailed analysis. A brief discussion of each issue and the reason for dismissing it from analysis in the EIS follows.

- Impacts on Anadromous Fish Spawning and Nursery Streams

The only potential impacts would be from surface disturbance caused by logging operations. The nearest major river, the Eel, is some 3 to 4 miles from the timber stands, and the smaller tributaries of Casoose and Antone Creeks have only minor direct contact with the timbered areas. In addition, the Timber Manage- ment Plan for SYU 13 provides mitigation measures that establish protection to the anadromous fisheries.

- Impacts on Water Quality

The Casoose/Antone Creek systems could potentially be affected by logging operations. However, these streams have little direct contact with the areas that would be logged. Mitigation measures of SYU 13 provide protection that would assure that minimum stan dards would be maintained as established by State and Federal law.

- Impacts on Wildlife

While logging could have a short-term displacement effect on wildlife, no substantial concerns were raised. The deer wintering range is largely outside the WSA boundary and would not be signifi- cantly affected by activity within the WSA. The California Natural Diversity Data Base reported a single Spotted Owl east of the WSA in Section 22 on Foot of Bull Ridge in 1976. While some of the timber in the WSA in Section 21 may be used as foraging habitat, the issue was not considered for further analysis in this EIS due to the lack of sightings or known nesting habitat in the WSA.

- Impacts on Cultural Resources

The overall potential for historic or prehistoric archaeological resources is low to moderate. The only potential disturbance would be from logging. Various measures, such as project specific inventory and mitigation or salvage, effectively protect cultural resources. There are no known sites in the WSA that qualify for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Sites. Therefore, cultural resources were not considered for further analysis.

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2F-4

SELECTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES

The following Proposed Action and Alternative for the Big Butte WSA were selected for analysis in this EIS.

Proposed Action (No Wilderness/No Action)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 2,391 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action, none of the 2,391 acres within the WSA will be

designated as wilderness. The parcels comprising the WSA range in size

from a few acres to approximately 1,000 acres. These parcels were origin- ally assessed by the USFS as part of the larger block of public lands

included in the Big Butte addition to the Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area which was designated as part of the California Wilderness Act of

1984. The boundary of the Wilderness Area established by Congress is defined by creeks and ridges, resulting in these residual parcels. Neither individual parcels nor the WSA as a whole will add significantly to the Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness. There are no outstanding wilderness values or cultural or wildlife resources that will receive protection through wilderness designation. Inclusion will result in a meandering boundary with no attention to topographic or geographic features that are easily identified and observed. The Forest Service indicated that the

addition of this area would not enhance wilderness management.

Under this Proposed Action, the 17 MMBF of timber will be included in the timber base and harvested in the future.

All Wilderness Alternative

2,391 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 2,391- acre Big Butte WSA would be designated wilderness. This alternative represents the maximum possible acreage that could be desig- nated wilderness. Under this alternative wilderness values, cultural, and wildlife resources would receive maximum benefit. Approximately 17 MMBF of timber would be removed from the timber base. Grazing would remain at levels established when the area is included in the wilderness system.

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT DROPPED FROM FURTHER ANALYSIS

A Partial Wilderness Alternative was considered but dropped from further consideration. Adding portions of the VISA to the existing wilderness would not add any outstanding physical, cultural, or wildlife values. Additionally, none of the parcels would create a more easily definable and manageable on- the- ground boundary for the existing Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area.

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Big Butte

THE PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVE

Since the pattern of future management actions within the WSA cannot be predicted with certainty, projections of management actions have been made to allow analysis of impacts under the Proposed Action and Alternative. These projections are the basis of the impacts identified in the EIS. They represent reasonably feasible patterns of activities which could occur under the Proposed Action and Alternative analyzed.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 2,391 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the Proposed Action none of the 2,391 acres within the Big Butte WSA will be designated as wilderness. The area will be managed for multiple use under the guidance of the East Mendocino MFP. (Upon completion of the Areata Resource Management Plan, management prescriptions will be guided by that plan). Under this action, the area will be managed for multiple use. Proposals for surface-disturbing actions will be approved only with stipulations to assure protection of sensitive resources. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act will be met by complying with the provisions of the Statewide Cultural Resource Programmatic Memorandum of Agreement .

Management actions arising from the Proposed Action (detailed below) would include land tenure adjustment, timber harvest, and continued livestock grazing.

Recreation Management Actions

Off- road vehicles will be limited to designated roads and trails. Pres- ently there is no public access to any of the parcels. There is approxi- mately one-<iu«irl,or mile of joep trail In tho northwest portion of the W5A accessible from private land.

Visitor use is estimated at less than 50 use days per year with approxi- mately 30 visitor days related to recreational vehicle use. There are no significant increases in use projected.

There are no plans to construct trails or other recreational facilities within the area.

Wildlife Management Actions

Although portions of the WSA are within the California Department of Fish and Game’s Area of Special Biological Importance for deer wintering habitat there are no planned habitat management activities. There are no wildlife improvements within the WSA, and none are planned.

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2F-6

Proposed Action Biq Butte WSA

MIDDL

Travis

•itanch

soose

iprvng

Wilderness Study Area

Forest Service Wilderness Area

Public Lands Included In Wilderness Area

2'£any'o,

Private Lands Inside Wilderness Area

Miles

480 1

|. MAP 7 « | H * f

BIG BUTTE SECTION 202 WILDERNESS STUDY AREA PROPOSED ACTION

(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

'X3soo>

Big Butte

// //-///,
	/////,

2F-7

Map for Big Butte

■

Big Butte

2F~8

Grazing Management Actions

The total allowable grazing level within the WSA is 100 AUMs . Actual use varies between 50-100 AUMs, depending upon yearly weather and foraging conditions. There are no existing or proposed grazing facilities to be constructed or maintained.

A small (10-acre) test planting is scheduled in Sections 4 and 5 In the vicinity of Antone Lake to determine the viability of increasing suitable forage in the area. Native or naturalized species will be used. The seed will be drilled with minimal surface disturbance using a tractor over a two-day period. The Allotment Management Plan, which outlines the Bureau’s policies and grazing practices allowed, was completed in 1985, with the allotment first established in 1976.

Mineral/Energy Development Actions

The entire 2,391 acres within the WSA will be open to mineral exploration and development. However, based on the lack of interest, the absence of known significant ore deposits, and the absence of any claims, no develop- ment is anticipated. There are no leasable or saleable materials in the WSA.

Vegetation Management Actions

The only planned vegetation manipulation is described in the Grazing Management Actions section above. Total area on Federal lands will be less than 10 acres. Use of chemicals is not proposed.

Timber Management Actions

Under this action there will be a total of 613 acres of commercial forest land (CFL) and approximately 17 MMBF of timber available for harvest. Of this, some 351 acres, or 9 MMBF of timber, will be economical to harvest as separate sales. The remaining 262 acres and 8 MMBF of timber are isolated, scattered tracts, and will be dependent on other sales to be economic to harvest.

Logging will be accomplished by either cat or cable, depending on slope and soil erosion rates. It is anticipated that up to 2 miles of logging roads will be constructed in the WSA to support timber harvest activities.

Cultu ral Resource Management Actions

Because of the low potential for archaeological resources, a Cultural Resource Management Plan is not proposed. There are no known sites that meet criteria for nomination to the National Registry. The only cultural resource management actions will occur in response to proposals for timber harvesting which will require site-specific inventories and any resultant mitigation measures identified.

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Big Butte

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

Under the Proposed Action, the lands will be available for disposal by exchange. Lands remaining in Federal ownership will be managed under the concept of multiple use. There are no plans to acquire general public access to these lands.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

2,391 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 0 Acres Non- wilderness

The entire 2,391 acres within the seven parcels that comprise the Big Butte WSA would be designated as wilderness. Under this alternative timber harvesting and ORV use would be prohibited.

Existing livestock grazing would continue as an authorized nonconforming use. Discretionary management actions would be permitted only to preserve wilderness values. The WSA would be managed to complement the adjacent USFS Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area.

Recreation Management Actions

Under the All Wilderness Alternative recreational vehicle use would be eliminated in the WSA and one- quarter mile of jeep trail would be closed. No public vehicular access is available to the WSA. However, approximately 30 visitor days of recreational vehicle use from adjacent private lands would be precluded. There are no plans to construct trails or other recreational facilities in the WSA.

Wildlife Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action there are no wildlife management actions planned for the WSA. Portions of the area would still be desig- nated as part of an Area of Special Biological Importance for deer winter- ing habitat as identified by the California Department of Fish and Game.

Grazing Management Actions

Grazing management would be essentially the same as described under the Proposed Action for this alternative. Use would be determined by levels in existence at the time of designation. The Allotment Management Plan (AMP) specifies 100 animal unit months per year. A 10-acre test seeding, as outlined in the AMP, would not be accomplished.

Mineral/Rnergy Development Actions

Wilderness designation would close the entire 2,391-acre WSA to all forms of mineral entry unless valid existing rights exist. Although the area has a low to moderate potential for mineral occurrence the lack of mining claims and the low potential for mineral development, it is not anticipated that any mining activity would occur or establish valid existing rights prior to wilderness designation. Therefore, no mineral/energy development actions are projected under wilderness designation.

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2F-10

Vegetation Management Actions

Under this alternative, there are no vegetative manipulations as outlined In Grazing Management Actions above.

Timber Management Actions

Under this alternative, there would be no timber management activities and 17 MMBF of timber on 613 acres would be removed from the timber base.

Cul tural Resource Management Actions

As described under the Proposed Action, there are no cultural resource management actions planned for the WSA.

Land Tenure Adjustment Actions

Under this alternative all Federal lands would remain in public ownership. There are no private lands within the WSA. A cooperative agreement would establish management responsibilities by the U.S. Forest Service in con- junction with their designated Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area adjacent to the WSA.

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Big Butte

COMPARISON OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND THE ALTERNATIVE

FOR THE BIG BUTTE WSA

ISSUE-RELATED

RESOURCES

Impacts on Wilderness Values

Impacts on Timber Harvesting

| PROPOSED ACTION

(NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

There will be slight impacts to wilderness values from anticipated timber harvest activities, test planting to increase forage production for livestock, and continued low level of motorized recreation use within the WSA. Up to 613 acres of timber land could be har- vested for 17 MMBF. The perception of naturalness will be reduced on up to 1,600 acres and solitude will be periodically dis- rupted as a result of timber harvest activities including road construction. A test planting of native and naturalized species to in- crease forage production will have a short-term impact on wilderness values with up to 160 acres of the per- ception of naturalness im- paired. There will be only negligible impacts, primarily on solitude, as a result of up to 30 visitor days of motorized recreation use and infrequent landowner use of Big Butte Road for access.

There will be no impact on timber harvesting. All 17 MMBF on approximately 613 acres will be available for harvesting .

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

Wilderness designation would have a slight positive benefit to wilderness values. As a result of precluding timber harvesting on 613 acres and a test planting to increase forage production as well as eliminating 30 visitor days of motorized recreation use, wilderness values would be retained and slightly en- hanced, particularly natur- alness and solitude. Addi- tionally, long-term pro- tection from unanticipated future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be provided.

Harvesting of up to 17 MMBF of timber on 613 acres would be precluded under wilderness designation.

This 17 MMBF represents less than 5 percent of the Ukiah District's timber base.

There would be a minor impact on timber harvesting as a result of wilderness management .

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2F-12

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

This section includes a brief description of the Big Butte WSA and the resources that could be affected by the management actions of the Proposed Action and its Alternative.

More detailed descriptions of the resources in the WSA and the regional socioeconomic conditions may be found in the planning documents for the area. Copies of these documents may be reviewed in the Ukiah District Office and the Areata Resource Area Office.

WILDERNESS VALUES

Naturalness

The lands within the WSA have not been impacted by man’s presence to any great extent. There is one jeep trail in the northern portion that enters briefly into the WSA. The Big Butte Road passes through the WSA at the southern boundary in Section 35. There are no other intrusions in the WSA.

Solitude

The WSA offers limited opportunities for solitude, but they are dependent on the previously established Big Butte addition to the USFS Yolla-Bolly/ Middle Eel Wilderness. The small, isolated parcels that comprise the WSA do not provide the sense of solitude without considering the adjacent lands. The topography varies from moderately steep canyon walls to rela- tively flat ridgetops, with vegetation varying from sparse to brush and timber covered.

Primitive and Unconfined Recreation

Due to limited public access, use in the WSA is minimal. Opportunities are in large part dependent upon the adjoining established wilderness. Estimated use is less than 50 visits per year.

Special Features

The California Department of Fish and Game considers elevations at 3,500 feet and below as an Area of Special Biological Importance (ASBI) for wintering deer herds. There are no recorded RT&E species or listed plants in the area.

LAND OWNERSHIP

The WSA contains approximately 2,391 acres in seven parcels scattered to the west and south of the Big Butte addition to the Yolla- Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness. There is no private property within the boundary of the WSA. There is no public access from the south or west. The Big Butte Road traverses approximately one- half mile of the WSA. This road provides private access through the WSA to private lands for timber management and is not open for public use. The road was originally authorized in 1977 prior to the BLM’s wilderness inventory process.

2F-13

Big Butte

RECREATION

Recreation use in the WSA is virtually nonexistent. There is no public access from the west or south. A jeep trail winding north from Travis Ranch penetrates approximately one-quarter mile into the WSA. There are portions of old jeep and horse/foot trails in disrepair along Lightning Ridge that may penetrate the boundary. However these trails are generally accessible only by hiking from the Forest Service lands with no vehicle access. These are not available to the public. Estimated use is less than 50 visits per year with 30 of these visits attributable to motorized recreation use. Due to the limited access, hunting pressure is very light. There are no fishing streams within the WSA.

VISUAL RESOURCES

The WSA offers some variety in slope, from fairly level ridgetops to moderately steep canyon walls. There is, however, no significant vertical relief. Vegetation varies from bare or sparse exposed slopes to patches of chaparral (ceanothus), chamise, or scrub oak. Higher elevations offer a variety of Douglas fir and sugar/yellow pine. There is one intermittent stream within the area. In total, the area's overall scenic quality is considered to be moderate.

CULTURAL RESOURCES

The study area falls within the ethnographic area of the Pitch Wailaki who had main habitation sites along Hulls, Red Mountain and Casoose Creeks in addition to adjacent portion of the North Fork Eel River (Goddare, 1924: 218; Baumhoff, 1958:177; Elsasser, 1978:191). It is, however, doubtful that the Pitch Wailaki or their predecessors had major occupation sites within this disjunct study area due to the lack of suitable terrain and water sources. Approximately 350 acres within the WSA have been examined for prehistoric and historic archaeological resources with negative results (Roberts, 1978). The presence of nearby archaeological sites in Antone Basin, Casoose Creek and Lightning Ridge would indicate a moderate poten- tial for task oriented archaeological sites within four restricted portions of the WSA. The remaining portions of the WSA are predicted to have a low sensitivity for cultural sites. An historic feature of local interest runs through the northwest end of the WSA where a current jeep trail marks a former pack and, quite probably, aboriginal trail. Jack Littlefiend was lynched (hence the local creek names) by George White's band of Round Valley men in the late Nineteenth Century along this trail. An inventory of regional sociocultural values was conducted by BLM with negative results ( Eby- Burroughs , 1979).

WILDLIFE

Elevations below 3,500 feet have been classified as an ASBI for wintering black- tailed deer by the California Department of Fish and Game. These areas are primarily located outside the WSA. However, there is some

Big Butte

2F-14

habitat in the northwest portion of the WSA along the drainages. Black bear are occasional visitors in the area, as well as predators such as the coyote, bobcat, and mountain lion.

Bald Eagles are occasional visitors along the streams outside the WSA during anadromous fish runs. Their presence is very limited within the WSA. Golden Eagles and Peregrine Falcons use the WSA for foraging, but there are no known nesting sites. In 1976 a single sighting of a Spotted Owl was reported east of the WSA on the Foot of Bull Ridge in Section 22 according to the California Natural Diversity Data Base. There have been no sightings of Spotted Owls in the WSA, however the area may be used as foraging habitat.

Due to limited public access, there is little hunting in the area, and no sport fishing.

VEGETATION

Vegetation consists of serpentine chaparral, mixed chaparral, lower montane chaparral and mixed evergreen and coniferous stands consisting of Douglas fir and sugar/yellow pine. Growth ranges from barren slopes to moderate stands of vegetation. There are no listed or candidate threatened or endangered species that have been identified in the WSA.

T rMBER RESOURCES

There are 613 acres of Commercial Forest Land (CFL) within the WSA, with approximately 17 MMBF of timber (see Map). Timber species composite is approximately equal portions of sugar/yellow pine and Douglas fir. The timber is included in the Ukiah District’s timber base, however the area has not been included in the 10- year timber harvest plan because of interim wilderness management guidelines established to maintain wilderness characteristics of WSAs while they are under study. The area has not been previously logged.

SOILS AND WATERSHED RESOURCES

The dominant soil components of the Big Butte WSA are the Bluenose (732) Neuns, Gudgran Shortyork (942) and the Sandefrin (161). Soils located on steep slopes in excess of 30% can exhibit high erosion rates if surface soils are disturbed. Even though soil depth of the area is 20 to 40 inches, the permeability rate is slow, and erosion rates can significantly increase on steep slopes whose surface soils are disturbed.

2F-15

Big Butte

MINERALS AND ENERGY

There Ls a moderate to low potential for the occurrence of manganese, chromite, and asbestos in the WSA. All of these minerals have been described as critical and strategic by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. The area has no known potential for other mineral resources, including oil and gas, geothermal, and saleable materials. As of March 21, 1988, there were no mining claims recorded in the WSA.

While there has been some exploration for chromite within the WSA, there has been no mining within the WSA, with only limited production in the general area outside the WSA.

Manganese deposits in this area occur in discontinuous lenses which rapidly pinch out and normally have low volume. Because of this, indivi- dual deposits have a low value in spite of the ore’s high grade. Mining of manganese ore in the general area has been sporadic, with no mining in the Big Butte WSA.

Exploration for asbestos has taken place within the WSA, but has not resulted in any actual mining development. As a result of the low volume and discontinuous nature of the deposits, the potential for mineral development is considered to be low.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING

There is one grazing allotment that encompasses the southern portions of the WSA. AUMs within the WSA total 50-100 annually depending upon climato- logical conditions and resultant forage production. There are no range improvements, and none are planned.

The allotment management plan calls for test seeding to improve forage in portions of Sections 21, 17, and 34. Native or naturalized perennial grasses and clover will be used.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

This section focuses directly on the issues identified through the scoping process. The environmental impacts of each alternative are described issue by issue. The environmental impacts of these alternatives on the area's other resources have also been analyzed and have been found to be insignif leant .

Because of the general nature of this analysis and the lack of numerical and statistical information regarding the area’s resources, impacts in this section are often expressed in relative terms. For the purpose of this analysis the meanings of these terms are as follows:

Big Butte

2F-16

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Big Butte

2F-17

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Butte

2F-18

- Negligible or slight impact - the degree of anticipated environmental impact is considered less than minor.

- Minor impact - comparatively unimportant; in terms of the area’s wildlife resources, a minor impact is one affecting a specific group of individuals of a population in a localized area for one generation or less; the integrity of the regional population is not likely to be affected.

- Moderate impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a change in the abundance of a resource or its distribution. In terms of the area's wildlife, the abundance or distribution of a portion of the regional or local population would change over more than one genera- tion, but would not affect the integrity of the regional population as a whole.

- Major impact - an effect sufficient enough to cause a decline in the abundance of a resource or a change in distribution of a resource. In terms of the area’s wildlife, the abundance or distribution of the regional or local population of a species would decline beyond which natural recruitment would not likely return that population to its former level within several generations.

PROPOSED ACTION (NO WILDERNESS/NO ACTION)

0 Acres Recommended for Wilderness Designation 2,391 Acres Non- wilderness

None of the 2,391 acres within the Big Butte WSA will be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. The WSA will be managed for multiple uses in accordance with the East Mendocino MFP (the Areata RMP is currently being prepared and will provide future management prescriptions).

The seven parcels that comprise the WSA will not be included in the adja- cent USFS Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area. The existing wilderness area includes a portion of BLM public lands that was included in the California Wilderness Act of 1984 as the Big Butte addition.

The primary impacts under the Proposed Action relate to wilderness values as a result of timber harvest activities.

Impacts on Wilderness Values

The Proposed Action for the Big Butte WSA will not result in any of the 2,391 acres within the WSA being designated wilderness. None of the wilderness values will receive the special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation. The WSA has for the most part retained its natural character, with the exception of a one- quarter- mile portion of a jeep trail in the northwest parcel. Opportunities for solitude as well as primitive and unconfined recreation are limited and generally dependent on the adjacent wilderness. A special feature of the WSA is that the areas less than 3,500 feet in elevation are considered an Area of Special Bio- logical Importance for winter deer herds by the California Department of Fish and Game.

2F-19

. Big Butte

Harvesting of 9 MMBF of timber on three parcels totaling 351 acres will result in a short-term loss of naturalness in those areas. The perception of naturalness will be impaired within a total of approximately 700 acres. Construction of up to 2 miles of spur roads will result in localized impacts with the perception of naturalness impaired on up to 300 acres. The amount of road construction will depend on whether cat or cable harvest methods are used. During logging operations solitude will be disrupted. In addition to these three timber sales, 8 MMBF of timber on scattered, isolated tracts totaling 262 acres could be harvested if included with timber sales on lands outside the WSA, resulting in an additional short- term loss of naturalness with the perception of naturalness impaired within 500 acres. While there will be temporary displacement of wildlife particularly deer within the Area of Special Biological Importance in the northwest portion of the WSA, browse area and vegetation will increase in the clearings created by the timber harvest. Due to the lack of primitive and unconfined recreation opportunities timber harvest activities will only result in negligible impacts.

A planned 1.0-acre test planting of native or naturalized species to increase forage production will result in short-term impairment of the perception of naturalness. The test planting will be visible from within approximately 160 acres near Antone Lake in the northwest portion of the WSA. The impacts to naturalness will be minimized as the vegetation becomes established. The use of mechanized equipment including a tractor and drill will result in a short- term disruption of solitude over a 2-day period. Actual grazing use is not anticipated to increase from the current allowable 100 AUMs and will not result in any impacts to the area’s wilder- ness values.

Although there is no public access for motorized recreation use, access from private lands outside the WSA will continue. Approximately 30 visitor days of motorized recreation use will maintain one- quarter mile of jeep trail in an unnatural condition with a bare soil surface. The perception of naturalness will be impaired only in the northernmost parcel with dense vegetation tending to localize impacts to an area of less than 160 acres.

Impacts on opportunities for solitude will be negligible as a result of infrequent motorized recreation use. These impacts will be localized and only noticeable in the northernmost parcel. The Big Butte Road which passes through less than one- half mile of the central parcel of the WSA, is only used by landowners of private inholdings within the Big Butte Addition to the Yolla Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area. The road is used infrequently and only available to the landowners with no access to the general public. Continued periodic use of the road will slightly impact solitude and opportunities for primitive and unconfined recreation within the immediate vicinity of the road.

Periodic and infrequent vehicle use within the WSA will have a negligible impact on the Area of Special Biological Importance, however due to the low level of use and small amount of the wintering deer habitat within the WSA, it is not anticipated that there will by any displacement of deer.

Due to the low potential for mineral development and the lack of mining claims, no mining activities are anticipated.

Big Butte

2F-20

Conclusion:

There will be slight impacts to wilderness values from anticipated timber harvest activities, test planting to increase forage production for livestock, and continued low level of motorized recreation use within the WSA. Up to 613 acres of timber land could be harvested for 17 MMBF. The perception of naturalness will be reduced on up to 1,500 acres and solitude will be periodically disrupted as a result of timber harvest activities including road construction. A test planting of native and naturalized species to increase forage production will have a short-term impact on wilderness values with up to 160 acres of the perception of naturalness impaired. There will be only negligible impacts, primarily on solitude, as a result of up to 30 visitor days of motorized recreation use and infrequent landowner use of the Big Butte Road for access.

Impacts on Timber Harvesting

By not designating the WSA as wilderness, timber harvest activities could continue. Approximately 9 MMBF of timber on 351 acres will be economical to harvest as three separate sales. The remaining 262 acres containing 8 MMBF will be available for harvest also. However, these areas are consid- ered to be isolated, scattered tracks that will be dependent on other sale areas outside the WSA to be economically viable.

Conclusion:

There will be no impact on timber harvesting. All 17 MMBF on approxi- mately 613 acres will be available for harvesting.

Adverse Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided

The only unavoidable adverse impacts will be related to timber harvest. These impacts will be greatly reduced through careful preplanning and immediate replanting/rehabilitation of disturbed sites. Other activities such as continued motorized recreation use and the test planting for livestock grazing will result in only minor, short-term impacts.

Relationship Between Local Short-term Uses of Man's Environment and the Maintenance and Enhanceme nt of Long-term Productivity

If the WSA is not designated wilderness, all present short-term uses such as motorized recreation, hunting, and livestock grazing will continue. Future development options will remain open including projected timber harvesting and a proposed test planting to increase native or naturalized forage for livestock. Management actions projected under the Proposed Action will not likely result in any significant adverse impacts on long- term productivity. Timber management practices and the proposed test plant will likely improve long-term productivity within the WSA.

2F-21

Big Butte

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources

The projected low levels of motorized recreation and livestock grazing use as well as timber harvesting of 17 MMBF on approximately 613 acres will not result in any anticipated irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources. Additionally, there are no mineral development activities anticipated, therefore, no irreversible commitment of resources is expected.

ALL WILDERNESS ALTERNATIVE

2,391 Acres Recommended for Wilderness 0 Acres Non- wilderness

Under the All Wilderness Alternative, the entire 2,391 acres comprising the seven parcels of the Big Butte WSA would be recommended as suitable for wilderness designation. This Section 202 WSA would be managed in conjunction with the adjacent USES Yolla-Bolly/Middle Eel Wilderness Area to maintain existing wilderness values.

The primary impacts under this alternative relate to the long-term protec- tion of wilderness values within the WSA and the prohibition of timber harvest .

Impac ts on Wilderness Values

Wilderness values within the 2, 391- acre Big Butte WSA would receive special legislative protection provided by wilderness designation.

By eliminating 30 visitor days of motorized recreation on one-quarter mile of jeep trail in the northwest portion of the WSA there would be a slight positive benefit to wilderness values, particularly naturalness and soli- tude. Revegetation of this jeep trail would occur slowly with grasses invading the bare soil area within two years and chaparral brush species requiring up to ten years to become established. Continued infrequent use of the Big Butte Road to provide access to owners of private inholdings in the adjacent wilderness area would slightly impact solitude.

Timber harvest activities on up to 613 acres and the 10-acre test planting of native and naturalized species to increase forage for livestock would be precluded under wilderness designation. Wilderness values such as naturalness, solitude, and opportunities for primitive and unconfined recreation would be retained. There would be no potential disruption of deer within the Area of Special Biological Importance.

Continued livestock grazing at the existing level of up to 100 AUMs would not further impact any wilderness values within the WSA.

Big Butte

2F-22

Conclusion:

Wilderness designation would have a slight positive benefit to wilder- ness values. As a result of precluding timber harvesting on 613 acres and a test planting to increase forage production as well as eliminat ing 30 visitor days of motorized recreation use, wilderness values would be retained and slightly enhanced, particularly naturalness and solitude. Additionally, long-term protection from unanticipated future actions that could result in potential adverse impacts would be provided.

Impacts on Timber Harvest

Wilderness designation of the Big Butte WSA would preclude timber harvest of 17 MMBF on a total of 613 acres. Only 9 MMBF of this timber on 351 acres is considered economical. The remaining 8 MMBF on 262 acres would be dependent on timber sales outside the WSA to be economical due to the isolated nature and small size of the scattered tracts. The total timber available within the WSA accounts for less than 5 percent of the Ukiah District's timber base.

Conclusion:

Harvesting of up to 17 MMBF of timber on 613 acres would be precluded under wilderness designation. This 17 MMBF represents less than 5

percent of the Ukiah District's timber base. There would be a minor impact on timber harvesting as a result of wilderness management.

2F-23

Big Butte

CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION

CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION

OVERVIEW Of THE PROCESS

Consultation and coordination with the public and governmental agencies was a planned and integral part of the management alternatives analyzed in the California Section 202 Wilderness Study Areas draft Environmental Impact Statement. Formal and informal consultation began in 1978 with the initial inventory of public lands to determine their wilderness potential.

A Federal Register notice, news release, and scoping letter mailed to over 1,250 organizations, agencies, and individuals in December, 1986, announced the initiation of plan amendments for the Coast/Valley RMP and South Sierra Foothills MFP in the Bakersfield District, California; Alturas RMP and Tuledad/ Home camp MFP in the Susanville District, California; East Mendocino MFP and Redding Land Use Plan in the Ukiah District, California; and the Walker RMP in the Carson City District, Nevada. This also initiated the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), invited comments and solicited suggestions on issues to be discussed and analyzed for each of the eight Section 202 WSAs to be studied. Oral and written comments received throughout the planning process wore used in the development of the Pro- posed Actions and alternatives analyzed in the draft EIS.

On October 15, 1987, a Federal Register notice indicated that the draft EIS had been prepared, announced review locations, identified the times, dates, and locations of the public hearings for the DEIS, and included preliminary recommendations. At the same time, the DEIS was sent to individuals and organizations on each of the Districts wilderness mailing lists. Distribution of the DEIS to the California State Clearinghouse, to local, state, and federal agencies, elected officials and other interested parties also occurred at this time.

The October 15, 1987, Notice of Availability for the DEIS was amended by a November 20, 1987, Federal Register notice which identified a review extension to February 15, 1988, resulting from a later EPA filing date than was previously anticipated.

Three public hearings were scheduled to assure opportunity for public involvement. These were held in Cedarville, December 1, 1987; Ukiah, December 2, 1987; and Bakersfield, December 9, 1987. The public hearings were officially noticed in the Federal Register on Thursday, October 15, 1987. Additionally, each District hosting the public hearings made efforts to inform local interest groups using mailings and newspaper announcements.

Public hearings were held in Ukiah, California, on December 2, 1987, in Cedarville, California, on December 1, 1987, and in Bakersfield, California on December 9, 1987. Hearing details and comment summaries appear in the Results from the Public Review on the Draft EIS section later in this chapter.

Consu 1 tation

3-1

This final EIS has been prepared following the review of the draft EIS, public hearings, and upon receipt of written comments. For those Section 202 WSAs not recommended for wilderness designation, the State Director has the authority under FLPMA to release those public lands from wilderness study and return them to multiple use management in accordance with existing land use plans. A FEIS is prepared for these WSAs with a 30-day public review period. A Draft Record of Decision is filed for a 60-day Governor's Review, after which the Record of Decision is completed. Multiple use management may begin 30 days after the State Director signs the Record of Decision.

For the Section 202 WSAs recommended suitable for wilderness designation, the final EFS along with a wilderness study report outlining the agency's Proposed Action will be reviewed by the BLM Director and the Secretary of the Interior, who will file the FEIS and make a recommendation to the President. Subsequently, the President has up to two years to make a final recommendation to Congress. Congress has the sole authority to designate an area as wilderness. Until Congress decides whether or not to designate any of these areas as wilderness, the WSAs will be managed in accordance with the Bureau’s Interim Management Policy and Guidelines for Lands Under Wilderness Review (Department of Interior, December 1979, as amended 1983).

RESULTS FROM THE PUBLIC REVIEW

Three formal public hearings were scheduled for review of the California 202 Wilderness Study Areas Draft Environmental Impact Statement. The hearings were officially noticed in the Federal Register on Thursday, October 15, 1987, and scheduled for Cedarville, December 1; Ukiah, December 2; and Bakersfield, December 9. Each District hosting the public hearings also made efforts to inform local interest groups with mailings and newspaper announcements.

A formal public hearing on the draft EIS was conducted December 2, 1987, from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m. at the Ukiah District Office in Ukiah, California. Ten individuals (not including hearing and BLM personnel) attended the hearing and four testified. A representative from the Susanville District presided as Hearing Officer, and a court reporter recorded the proceedings verbatim. The full hearing transcripts may be reviewed in the BLM Ukiah Office.

Some general comments made at the public hearing included one statement about the need to protect stream habitats, especially if logging is allowed. Another expressed concern about endangered plant species. A third comment addressed the benefit of protecting the areas as wilderness, even if only as a buffer or border to existing wilderness areas.

Two comments were specific to the Domeland WSA. One felt that issues of ecological and scientific significance should be examined more closely. Another stated that the Domeland WSA provides protection from erosion into the South Fork of the Kern River.

3-2

Consultation

The final comments expressed concern that old growth timber be protected and preserved in the Big Butte WSA. There was further concern about stream and water quality in the Big Butte WSA if logging is allowed.

Neither the December 1 hearing in Cedarville nor the December 9 hearing in Bakersfield had any attendance by members of the public.

CONSULTATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES

Throughout the preparation of the draft EIS close coordination was main- tained with the adjacent National Forests upon which these WSAs depend for wilderness characteristics. These included the Los Padres National Forest, the Mendocino National Forest, the Modoc National Forest, the Sequoia National Forest, the Shas ta-Trinity National Forest, and the Toiyabe National Forest. In November, 1986, meetings were held with representa- tives of the individual National Forests, as well as the Regional Office. The meetings resulted in identifying the Forest Service’s concerns regard- ing each Section 202 WSA and the consequences of wilderness designation or nondesignation of these public lands. There were no instances where the Forest Service projected any potential negative impacts on the lands under their jurisdiction as a result of the BLM’s recommendations for the Section 202 WSAs.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFS) was consulted to determine the presence of threatened and endangered species within the individual WSAs. During informal discussions in March, 1986, it became apparent that within WSAs where endangered species are present, FWS believes that wilderness designation or nondesignation would not, in itself, result in adverse impacts. However, prior to implementing any management actions that may affect threatened or endangered species, Section 7 consultation would be required.

The California State Historic Preservation Officer was consulted in regards to potential cultural resource values within the WSAs and potential eligi- bility for designation on the National Register of Historic Places.

CONSISTENCY WITH OTHER PLANS

FLPMA requires that BLM plans be as consistent as possible with the plans of other agencies, while Federal laws, policies, and regulations are also considered. The plans of cities, counties, the state, and other Federal agencies were considered in the preparation of this EIS.

The Proposed Action for the Rockhouse 202 WSA is consistent with Tulare County’s General Plan. During the public review period, the county was given the opportunity to comment on the designation of the Rockhouse WSA as non- wilderness . No comments were received.

The Proposed Action for the Domeland 202 is consistent with Kern County's General Plan. During the public review period, the county was given the opportunity to comment on the designation of the Domeland WSA as

Consultation

3-3

non- wilderness . The comments received from Kern County Department of Planning and Development Services concluded that the designation of the Domeland WSA as non wilderness should not have a significant physical impact on surrounding private land.

The Proposed Actions for the Garcia Mountain and Machesna WSAs are consis- tent with San Luis Obispo County’s General Plan. During the public review period, the county was given the opportunity to comment on the designation of the Garcia Mountain and Machesna WSA as non- wilderness . No comments were received.

The Proposed Action for the Yolla Bolly 202 WSA is consistent with Tehama County’s General Plan. During the public review period, the county was given the opportunity to comment on the designation of the Yolla Bolly WSA as non wilderness. No comments were received.

The Proposed Action for the Big Butte WSA is consistent with the Mendocino County and Trinity County General Plans. During the public review period, the county was given the opportunity to comment on the designation of the Big Butte WSA as non- wilderness . No comments were received.

DISTRIBUTION LIST

Copies of the DEIS are furnished to numerous public libraries throughout the study area for public review and reference. Also, copies were widely distributed to those expressing interest. In addition to individuals and others receiving a copy of the draft EIS as a result of mailing lists or separate requests, the following agencies and organizations had been requested to review the document. Those who commented are indicated by an asterisk (").

FEDERAL AGENCIES

Department of Agriculture

*U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco Los Padres National Forest Mendocino National Forest Modoc National Forest Sequoia National Forest "Shasta-Trinity National Forest Toiyabe National Forest U.S. Soil Conservation Service Department of the Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs "Bureau of Mines Bureau of Reclamation "National Park Service "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Geological Survey Department of Transportation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Federal Aviation Administration "U.S. Air Force

Advisory Council on Historic Preservation

3-4

Consultation

CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATIVES

U.S. House of Representatives Congressman Douglas Bosco Congressman Charles Pashayan Congressman Norm Shumway Congressman William Thomas U.S. Senate

Senator Alan Cranston Senator Pete Wilson

STATE LEGISLATURE

California State Assembly Assemblyman Eric Seastrand Assemblyman Bill Jones Assemblyman Trice Harvey Assemblyman Philip Wyman Assemblyman Stan Statham Assemblyman Norman Walters Assemblyman Dan Hauser Assemblyman Wally Herger California State Senate Senator Rose Ann Vuich Senator Donald Rogers Senator Kenneth Maddy Senator John T. Doolittle Senator John Garamendi

STATE AGENCIES

Office of the Governor

California Office of Planning and Research (State Clearinghouse) California State Historic Preservation Officer * California Resources Agency

Department of Water Resources Department of Forestry Department of Fish and Game Native American Heritage Commission Department of Parks and Recreation State Lands Commission Division of Mines and Geology Division of Oil and Gas Water Resources Control Board

Energy Resources, Conservation and Development Commission

COUNTY GOVERNMENTS

County Supervisors

Alpine County Board of Supervisors Kern County Board of Supervisors Mendocino County Board of Supervisors Modoc County Board of Supervisors

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3-5

San Luis Obispo County Board, of Supervisors Tehama County Board of Supervisors Trinity County Board of Supervisors Tulare County Board of Supervisors County Planning Departments

Alpine County Planning Department "Kern County Department of Planning and Development Services Mendocino County Department of Planning and Building Services Modoc County Planning Department San Luis Obispo County Environmental Coordinator Tehama County Planning Department Trinity County Planning Department Tulare County Building and Planning Department

INTERESTED GROUPS/ORGANIZATIONS

Environmental "Sierra Club Cahto Coalition National Wildlife Federation Natural Resources Defense Council "California Native Plant Society "Eagle Lake Audubon Society California Desert Coalition Carson River Conservation Fund Nevada Wildlife Federation "California Wilderness Coalition National Audubon Association California Wildlife Federation Wildhorse Sanctuary Friends of Plumas Wilderness The Wilderness Society

Northern California Wildlife Conservation "Defenders of Wildlife "Northern Californians for Wilderness Kern River Wildlife Sanctuary Livestock

Lassen County Cattlemen’s Association California Cattlemen’s Association Mining/Energy

Coastal Mining Company Homes take Mining Company Pacific Gas and Electric Southern California Edison Company Cooksley Geophysics Nevada mining Association Snyder Oil Company "Chevron

California Mining Association Petro- Lewis Corporation Western Regional Gas Association Recreational

"American Motorcycle Association "California Association of 4WD Clubs, Inc. California Sportfishing Protection Alliance

3-6

Consultation

Forestry

Simpson Timber Company Western Timber Services International Woodworkers of America Western Timber Association Louisiana Pacific Corporation Other

Lone Pine Chamber of Commerce California Farm Bureau

Kern Valley Resource Conservation District Pacific Coast Fishermen’s Association San Luis Obispo County Historical Museum

PUBLIC COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT EIS

A total of 106 interested citizens, federal, state, and local agencies, and private organizations submitted comments on the California Section 202 Wilderness Study Areas Draft Environmental Impact Statement postmarked on or before February 15, 1988.

In preparation of the final EIS, all comments, including those from the hearing transcripts, were reviewed and considered. Comments that presented new data, questioned findings and analysis, or raised questions or issues relating to the environmental impacts of the Proposed Action or alterna- tives were responded to. General comments favoring a specific alternative have been noted and considered, but required no specific response. In addition, comments addressing items outside of the scope of this EIS were not responded to.

Comment letters included in this final EIS for Garcia Mountain WSA, Rock- house WSA, Domeland WSA, Machesna WSA, Yolla Bolly WSA, and Big Butte WSA were extracted from the comments letters received in response to the California Section 202 Wilderness Study Areas Draft Environmental Impact Statement. Of the 105 letters received, 94 addressed the six WSAs being recommended as non-suitable for wilderness designation. Of the 94 letters concerning these WSAs, 21 presented substantive comments and received responses. These letters and their responses can be found in the back of this document. There were also 70 letters which expressed either a general comment favoring a specific alternative or were non-specific in focus. These letters did not receive responses, but a number of them have been reproduced in this document as examples.

Comment letters are numbered in the order they were received but are arranged by agencies (Federal, State, and local), organizations, and individuals. Specific comments and related responses are identified by the number of the comment letter, and the number of the comment in that letter.

Consultation

3-7

LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS

Letter

16

18

19

21

29

100

105

106

12

31

09

03

17

22

32

34

35 37 60 72

91

92 99 101

Federal Agencies and Appointments

U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines

U.S. Deprtment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Shasta-Trinity

National Forest

U.S. Department of the Air Force, Regional Civil Engineer, Western Region

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service - Western Region

U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service - Great Basin Complex

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service-Pacific

Southwest Region

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service-Pacific

Southwest Region

State Agencies

California Regional Water Quality Control Board The Resources Agency of California

Local Governments

Kern County

Organizations

American Motorcyclist Association The California Native Plant Society The California Native Plant Society Sierra Club, Redwood Chapter Upper Eel Earth First!

Sierra Club, Santa Lucia Chapter Sierra Club, Santa Lucia Chapter The California Native Plant Society Tulare County Audubon Society California Widerness Coalition Northeast Californians for Wilderness California Association of 4WD Clubs Defenders of Wildlife

3-8

Consultation

Individuals and Corporations

01

02

04

08

11

13

14 26 30 33 36 54 63 82

93

94 96 102

Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe Chevron U.S.A., Inc.

Sanford L. Werner

Everett and Arlene Chandler

Lee Wilson

Harry Metzger

E. Craig Cunningham

Janice A. Clucas

William E. Lemos

Robert A. Barnes

Katherine Petterson

George Bridges

Frederick A. Bacher, Jr.

Marjorie Sill

J. Erlich

Hollis Lenderking

J . A. Ferrara

Brian C. Spence

Consultation

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3-24

Arc* of Spaclal Biologioal Importance for minter deer herda by CDFO.

Outstanding aceaic quality when considered in conjunction eitb adjaecent Wilderness.

Transient habitat for Bald Eagle, black bear, mountain lion, bobcat.

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The following are responses to comments raised during public review of the DEIS. Each response is numbered and corresponds to the public comment letters. The responses are numerically arranged by individual letter and specific response.

Letter 4 Sanford L. Warner

Response 4.1 - The discussion of soils and watershed resources in each WSA is designed to respond to individual issues raised throughout the scoping process. There were no specific soils and/or watershed issues raised throughout the public scoping process. Additionally, the information described in the Affected Environment narratives provides an overview of the resource characteristics of each WSA. The specific information identified in the comment letter was not considered necessary to respond to any specific issues or management concerns. Therefore, additional information is not considered necessary to address the environmental issues raised in the letter.

Letter 16 U.S. Bureau of Mines

Response 16.1 - The BIS acknowledges that the potential for locatable minerals may be moderate. However, no mineral exploration or development activities are anticipated within a 15 to 20-year planning projection. Restricted access is a primary reason cited for this projection, and the access situation is not expected to change in the foreseeable future. (Carson Iceberg, Carson City RA)

Letter 19 Department of the Air Force

Response 19.1 - There is no specific prohibition of overflights of wilderness areas by aircraft. Except in bonafide emergencies, search and rescue efforts, and essential military missions such as training flights, low altitude over flights would be discouraged. Where low overflight is a problem, or expected to become a problem, wilderness management plans will provide for liaison with proper military authorities, the Federal Aviation Administration, and pilots in the general area in an effort to reduce low flights, if at all possible.

Letter 31 The Resources Agency of California

Response 31.1 - Wilderness designation can restrict fire fighting methods, primarily the use of mechanized equipment and presuppression activities that are not specifically intended to enhance or maintain wilderness characteristics. However, the intent of these wilderness management practices is not to minimize fire fighting efforts necessary to protect life and property. Additionally,

these specific WSAs do not present any unusual or special risk that would

require out of the ordinary consideration of fire management. Therefore

specific consultation with individual fire fighting organizations was not included as part of the EIS.

Response 31.2 - An assessment of the diversity and distribution of wilderness resources is addressed in the Wilderness Study Reports prepared by the BLM

following publication of the Final EIS. While these characteristics are important in the selection of a proposed action (i.e., wilderness/nonwilderness designation) the EIS is intended to portray the environmental effects of the

individual alternatives as opposed to providing a rationale for the specific decisions .

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Response 31.3 - The Domeland WSA contains no unique or special features in relation to the total geographical location of the area. Additionally, while the BLM has no objection to wilderness designation for the Domeland WSA, the Forest Service did not feel that wilderness management would be enhanced by boundaries to incorporate the BLM lands. As stated in both the DEIS and FEIS, "the Sequoia National Forest expressed concern about the potential for increasing trespass vulnerability to the USFS Domeland Wilderness Area should the WSA be designated wilderness.

Response 31.4 - Specific references to the U.S. Forest Service in the EIS focus on the individual National Forests since the recommendations reflect the interest and consistency with the individual Forest Plans. However, the Region 5 Office (California) of the U.S.F.S. was closely involved with and supportive of the recommendations of the staff of each National Forest.

Letter 34 Earth First! Don Morris

Response 34.1 - The public hearings were officially noticed in the Federal Register on Thursday, October 15, 1987. Additionally, each district hosting the public hearings made efforts to inform local interest groups with mailings and newspaper announcements. A press release dated November 17, 1987 was mailed to all persons who had, in the past, expressed interest in the Big Butte WSA, as well as environmental groups and organizations, and their representatives.

Response 34.2 - See Spotted Owl discussion, response 36.1. U.S. Fish and Wild- life recently considered, but did not add, the Spotted Owl to the Endangered Species list.

Response 34.3 - The impacts of timber harvest within the Big Butte WSA have been addressed in the DEIS. These impacts are for the most part temporary in nature and will be lessened as a result of the stipulations and mitigation measures proposed in the SYU 13 Forest Management document.

Response 34.4 - The BLM’s assessment of the Section 202 WSAs is limited to the public lands under the BLM's management authority. However, close coordination with the U.S.F.S. concerning the adjacent National Forests was an integral part of the scoping process and throughout the preparation of the DEIS to assure consistency to the planning and management of these areas.

Letter 67 Sophie Shepard

Response 67.1 - Designation of the South Warner Contiguous WSA as wilderness does not increase or decrease bighorn habitat. The quality habitat is currently being used, marginal may or may not be used depending on population size, forage, weather and other factors.

Letter 68 Tina Hodge

Response 68.1 - Wildlife, Endangered Species, and Cultural Resources were not identified as issues for the South Warner Contiguous WSA because wilderness designation or nondesignation would not significantly affect these resources. Wildlife is currently managed under laws, regulations and plans which would still remain in effect after wilderness designation. With endangered species

3-51

and cultural resources the same holds true, additionally, there are no resources which have been identified which require consideration under the existing procedures. Because a resource is not an issue that does not imply that it is not important. It simply means that for the actions currently being evaluated the nonissue resources will not be significantly affected.

Response 68.2 - The raptor species mentioned have been observed over and in the WSA. However, there are no indications that any of these species nest or have winter roost sites within the WSA.

Response 68.3 - The word ’’importance" was a bad choice in describing nongame species. What we were attempting to do was identify nongame species which the casual visitor might be expected to observe. The EIS does not attempt to provide a comprehensive description of everything in the WSA. Rather, it is intended to provide a generalized description with additional details on subjects which relate to the issues.

Response 68.4 - The Land Tenure adjustment would affect the WSA from the Eagle parcel north. There would be no economic impacts on either BLM or the Forest Service after the adjustment. Land Tenure did not figure into the wilderness recommendations .

Letter 71 William Hodge

Response 71.1 - After designation by Congress as wilderness, federal agencies are required to manage wilderness areas in a manner which would retain the wilderness values. Starting the management process with a wilderness boundary which is easily manageable versus a boundary which invites manageability problems is certainly a viable concern of the managing agency. The designation of areas with long boundaries in areas without good natural or otherwise manage- able boundaries is in our Judgement not a good recommendation without unique values which would warrant the management problems.

Response 71.2 - The DEIS does not state the ORV activity is confined to the 2 miles of vehicle ways. The open terrain and low vegetation certainly allow for cross country travel. This cross country travel is also a problem with wilder- ness manageability.

Response 71.3 - See 68.3

Response 71.4 - A reference to cross country skiing has been added under the affected environment.

Response 71.5 - The reason that the Barber, Van Riper, Emerson and Eagle parcels were not recommended for wilderness designation relates to a lack of unique values and anticipated problems with manageability.

Letter 88 Eagle Lake Audubon Society

Response 88.1 - See 67.1

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Letter 91 California Wilderness Coalition

Response 91.1 - The BIS addresses issues relevant to the effects of wilderness designation for each WSA. Other concerns raised by the BLM and the public were reviewed for potential inclusion and detailed analysis in the EIS. There is a brief description of "why” topics such as listed in the letter have been dis- missed from analysis.

Response 91.2 - Studying U.S. Forest Service lands is outside the scope of the EIS. The BLM is not responsible for establishing management direction for these lands. However, close coordination between agencies was maintained throughout the study to assure consistency in the planning and management of these areas.

Response 91.3 - BLM does not have the authority under Section 603 of FLPMA to study these areas since they do not meet the minimum size criteria established in the Wilderness Act. The BLM is acting in accordance with the Court agree- ment to study these areas under Section 202, and as noted, the State Director may release them after completion of necessary environmental documentation.

Response 91.4 - The document refers to multiple use in a generic sense to represent a broader spectrum of uses other than those permitted under wilderness designation. See definition of ’’multiple use” on page 6-3 in the Glossary.

Response 91.5 - BLM previously considered all lands and identified those which qualified for wilderness study in the final intensive inventory decisions for California in March (CDCA) and December (remaining lands in CA), 1979. The 414 acres not considered in the EIS are adjacent to Forest Service lands not designated or recommended for wilderness designation in the Los Padres National Forest Plan. Therefore, they no longer meet the wilderness qualifications established under Section 202 of FLPMA and are not analyzed for wilderness designation.

Response 91.6 - See Response 33.4

Response 91.7 - In the High Mountain Enduro there are various classes of riders. Closing the route which crosses the Machesna WSA, would eliminate riding oppor- tunities for novice class riders. Other routes would still be available outside of the WSA, but only to more advanced riders.

Response 91.8 - Reference to the adjacent National Forest lands has been deleted since it is outside the scope of the EIS.

Response 91.9 - When viewed in comparison to other parcels of land in the same physiographic land province, the Yolla Bolly WSA does not have outstanding opportunities for solitude or primitive and unconfined recreation experiences. This WSA offers traditional kinds of primitive recreation experiences, however these areas are not found to be superior to prominent when compared to similar areas. While solitude is available it was determined to be less than outstand- ing based on the diversity and quality of the opportunities within the WSA. Analysis of characteristics of the adjacent U.S.F.S. wilderness is outside the scope of the BLM’s wilderness review process.

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Letter 92 Northeast Californians for Wilderness

Response 92.1 - The document refers to multiple use in a generic sense to represent a broader spectrum of uses other than those permitted under wilderness designation. See definition of "multiple use" on page 6-3 in the Glossary.

Response 92.2 - This wilderness DEIS meets the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) including public involvement, format, and content. Additionally, the BLM and the Department of the Interior’s Office of Environmental Project Review provide guidance and review to assure the adequacy of the wilderness EISs. The environmental consequences of the various alterna- tives presented for each VISA focus on issues identified through a public scoping process to assure all environmental concerns were considered for inclusion in the analysis set forth in the document.

Information in the EIS is based on the best available information and profes- sional judgement. The management actions present in the EIS are projections of the types of activities that might occur and do not represent site- specif ic proposals .

Response 92.3 - There was no intent to "demean" the WSA through the use of the word "barren". The topography and vegetation of the WSA, particularly the northern parcels, certainly warrants an adjective which indicates that condi- tions are nonlush and sparse, commonly referred to as "barren".

Response 92.4 - The purpose of the EIS is to assess the environmental conse- quence of the individual proposed actions and alternatives. An EIS is not intended to present a detailed discussion of the rationales or justifications of each proposal. A Wilderness Study Report (WSR) and/or Record of Decision (ROD) will be prepared following the PEIS that will present the BLM’s rationale for the individual proposals for each WSA.

Response 92.5 - See Response 67.1

Response 92.6 - The contradiction has been corrected. The proposed action recommends for designation all of the parcels considered quality bighorn sheep habitat to be maintained for future use. The past ocassional use made by big- horns on the Eagle and Emerson parcels does not warrant wilderness designation.

Response 92.7 - The domestic sheep grazing within the WSA occurs on the Van Riper and Barber parcels. These parcels are not part of the past or future bighorn habitat. The domestic sheep use has occurred for many years and is grandfathered under the Wilderness Act. Designation of the parcels as wilder- ness would have no affect on the sheep grazing that presently occurs on the two parcels .

3-53 A

'

.

In 1988 a complete die-off of the bighorn sheep herd occurred. The WSA included portions of the herd’s range. Although the die-off is suspected to be related to contagious disease transmitted by domestic livestock. Livestock grazing on the BLM parcels that comprise this WSA is not related to the die-off of the bighorn herd.

Letter 96 J.A. Ferrara

Response 96.1 - This wilderness DEIS meets the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) including public involvement, format, and content. Additionally, the BLM and the Department of the Interior’s Office of Environmental Project Review provide guidance and review to assure the adequacy of the wilderness EISs. The environmental consequences of the various alterna- tives presented for each WSA focus on issues identified through a public scop- ing process to assure all environmental concerns were considered for inclusion in the analysis set forth in the document.

Response 96.2 - Timber in the Big Butte area has been primarily on private lands, with mitigation requirements monitored by the State of California. Any timber harvest on land administered by BLM is carefully controlled by mitiga- tion requirements in SYU 13. Road building standards preclude significant environmental degradation. Grazing within the WSA total 50-100 AUMs , depending on climatological conditions and resultant forage production. While many of

these lands were regularly burned in the early part of this century, there has been no recent burning.

Letter 105 Environmental Protection Agency

Response 105.1 - Wilderness designation does not necessarily provide better protection for air quality and/or water quality. Although precluding certain uses may in some instances have a beneficial effect on these as well as other resources, other management practices can be equally effective. Additionally, in situations where the quality of these resources has been degraded as a result of natural or human initiated actions, rehabilitation efforts may be limited or precluded under wilderness designation.

Response 105.2 - For each alternative concerning each WSA, management actions were anticipated based on reasonable planning projections. As described in the DEIS, there are no projected activities or significant changes in the current level of use that would result in potential degradation of water quality and/or riparian habitat.

Response 105.3 - BLM is participating in the State Water Resources Control Board’s process to inventory nonpoint pollution sources and in developing the Statewide strategy to address nonpoint problems. BLM will implement measures to address nonpoint source problems through management plans and activity plans that identify water quality issues. Control measures will be established through mitigations, stipulations or by including standard operating procedures in proposed actions. Best management practices for water quality are thereby incorporated into BLM activities and reviewed by the Regional Water Quality Control Boards.

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Letter 106

Response 106.1 Response 106.2 Response 106.3

The document incorporates The document incorporates The Los Padres Forest has

this change this change verified this

statement .

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LIST OF PREPARERS

LIST OF PREPARERS

BAKERSFIELD DISTRICT: GARCIA MOUNTAIN WSA, ROCKHOUSE WSA, DOMELAND WSA,

and MACHESNA WSA

Mark Struble, Bakersfield District Team Leader

Position: Education: Experience:	Outdoor Recreation Planner B.S. Park Administration Outdoor Recreation Planner - 6 years, BLM Park Ranger - 3 years, National Park Service
Maureen Horne Position: Education: Experience :	Geologist B.A. Geology B.S. Geological Oceanography Geologist - 5 years, BLM
Daniel Vaughn Position: Education: Experience:	Soil and Watershed Specialist B.S. Soils and Plant Nutrition Soil and Watershed Specialist - 8 years, BLM - 5 years, Soil Conserva tion Service
Ken Volpe Position: Education: Experience:	Supervisory Natural Resource Specialist B.S. Range Management Natural Resource Management - 12 years, BLM

Duane Christian

Position: Archaeologist

Education: Experience:	B.S. Anthropology Archaeologist - 5 years, BLM
Robert D. Watts Position: Education: Experience:	Range Conservationist B.S. Range Management Range Conservationist - 13 years, BLM
George Sheppard Position: Education: Experience:	Biologist B.S. Zoology/Wildlife Management Biologist, 9 years, BLM
Amy Kuritsubo Position: Education: Experience:	Wildlife Biologist B.S. Wildlife Management Wildlife Biologist - 6 years, BLM

LP-1

Preparer

UKIAH DISTRICT: YOLLA-BOLLY WSA and BIG BUTTE WSA

Earle Curran, Ukiah District Team Leader

Position: Education: Experience:	Outdoor Recreation Planner B.S. Park Management, California State Univ. , Sacramento Recreation - 7 years, BLM Park Manager - 15 years, National Park Service
Francis Berg Position: Education: Experience:	Archaeologist B.A. Anthropology Archaeologist - 9 years, BLM

Charles W. Whitcomb

Position: Geologist

Education: B.S. Geology, University of Missouri

M.S. Geology, University of Nebraska

Experience:	Geologist - 3 years, BLM Geologist - 16 years, private industry
Dan Averill Position: Education: Experience:	Supervisory Forester B.S. Forestry, University of California at Berkeley Forester - 16 years, BLM
Ron Rogers Position: Education: Experience:	Geologist B.A. Geology, Florida State University Geologist - 8 years, BLM

STATE OFFICE REVIEWERS

Richard Johnson Deputy State	Director, Lands and Renewable Resources
Carl Rountree Staff Chief,	Planning and Environmental Coordination Staff

Jonathon Foster, EIS Team Leader

Environmental Coordinator, Planning and Environmental Coordination Staff

Ronald Salz, Program Assistant

Planning and Environmental Coordination Staff

Sheri Olendorff, Management Assistant

Preparers

LP-2

GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY

ACRONYMS

ACEC - Area of Critical Environmental Concern

ASBI - Area of Special Biological Importance

BLM - Bureau of Land Management

CDF&G - California Department of Fish and Game

CRMP - Cultural Resource Management Plan

EIS - Environmental Impact Statement

FLPMA - Federal Land Policy and Management Act

MFP - Management Framework Plan

NCLWMA National Cooperative Land and Wildlife Management Area

NWPS - National Wilderness Preservation System

ORV - Off- Road Vehicle

RMP - Resource Management Plan

SYU - Sustained Yield Unit

USFS - United States Forest Service

WMP - Wilderness Management Policy

WSA - Wilderness Study Area

ANIMAL UNIT MONTH (AUM): The amount of forage required to sustain the

equivalent of one cow or five sheep for one month.

AREAS OF CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (ACEC): Areas within the public

lands where special management attention is required (when such areas are developed or used or where no development is required) to protect and prevent irreparable damage to important historic, cultural, or scenic values, fish and wildlife resources, or other natural systems or processes, or to protect life and safety from natural hazards.

CHERRYSTEM: A boundary configuration in which the boundary of a wilderness

study area or proposed wilderness is drawn around a dead-end road or other linear feature so as to exclude that road or feature from the wilderness study area or proposed wilderness.

CHERRYSTEM ROAD: A dead end road excluded from wilderness study by means of a

cherrystem.

G-l

Glossary

COMMERCIAL FORESTLAND: All forestland that is capable of yielding at least 20

cubic feet of wood per acre per year of commercial coniferous tree species.

CONTIGUOUS : Lands or legal subdivisions having a common boundary; lands having

only a common corner are not contiguous.

DISCOVERY : A term used in connection with mining claims. As stated in legal

ruling which has been upheld in many later decisions, it is "where minerals have been found and the evidence is of such a character that a person of ordinary prudence would be justified in the further expenditure of his labor and means, with a reasonable prospect of success, in developing a valuable mine. ..."

ECOSYSTEM: A complex self-sustaining natural system which includes living and

nonliving components of the environment and the interactions that bind then together. Its functioning involves the circulation of matter and energy between organisms and their environment.

ENDANGERED SPECIES: Any species in danger of extinction throughout all or a

significant portion of its range, as identified in accordance with the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.

FLPMA: The Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-579,

90 Stat. 2743,43 USC 1701).

FORAGE : All browse and herbaceous foods that are available to grazing animals.

It may be grazed or harvested for feeding.

HABITAT: All elements of an organism's environment needed to complete its life

cycle through reproduction, including but not limited to food, cover,

water, and living space in the amounts, qualities, and locations which the organism requires to complete its life cycle.

IMPACT : The effect, influence, alteration, or imprint of an activity.

IMPAIR: To diminish in value or excellence.

LIVESTOCK GRAZING OPERATIONS: Those operations under permit where the

primary purpose is the grazing of livestock for the production of food and fiber. Includes pack and saddle stock used in conjunction with such operations .

MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK PLAN (MFP) : The Bureau’s basic planning decision document

prior to the adoption of a new planning process in 1979, in which the

decision document is a Resource Management Plan (RMP).

MFP AMENDMENT: An amendment to a Management Framework Plan is initiated by the

need to consider monitoring and evaluation findings, new data, new or

revised policy, a change in circumstances, or an applicant's proposed action which may result in a significant change in a portion of the

approved plan.

Glossary

G 2

MINBRAL BNTRY: The right to enter the public lands (under the adminis-

tration of the BLM) to search for minerals and to claim or lease such minerals under the mining and mineral leasing laws and regulations.

MOTOR TZBD BQUIPMENT: Any machine activated by nonliving power source except

small battery-powered handcarried devices such as flashlights, shavers, Geiger counters, and cameras. Also Mechanized Equipment.

MOTOR VBHICLB: Any vehicle which is self-propelled or any vehicle which is

propelled by electric power obtained from batteries.

MULTIPLB RBSOURCB VALUES AND USES: The present and potential uses of the

various resources administered through multiple use management on the public lands and any public values associated with such uses.

MULTIPLE USB: ” . . . the management of the public lands and their various

resource values so that they are utilized in the combination that will best meet the present and future needs of the American people; making the most judicious use of the land for some or all of these resources or related services over areas large enough to provide sufficient latitude for periodic adjustments in use to conform to changing needs and condi- tions; the use of some lands for less than all of the resources; a combina- tion of balanced and diverse resource uses that take into account the long-term needs of future generations for renewable and nonrenewable resources, including, but not limited to, recreation, range, timber, minerals, watershed, wildlife and fish, and natural scenic, scientific and historical values; and harmonious and coordinated management of the various resources without permanent impairment of the productivity of the land and the quality of the environment with consideration being given to the relative values of the resources and not necessarily to the combination of uses that will give the greatest economic return or the greatest unit output.” (From section 103, FLPMA.)

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE LAND AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS (NCLWMAs) : Established

by Public Land Orders in the early 1960s, these lands were withdrawn from disposal under the nonmineral public land laws, in order to protect sig- nificant or unique wildlife values. These areas are managed under coopera tive agreements between BLM and the California Department of Fish and Game.

NATURALNESS : Refers to an area which ’’generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature, with the imprint of man’s work substan- tially unnoticeable . ” (From section 2(c), Wilderness Act.)

NONSUITABLE FOR PRESERVATION AS WILDERNESS: Refers to a recommendation that

certain Federal lands satisfy the definition of wilderness in the Wilder- ness Act but have been found not to be appropriate for designation as wilderness on the basis of an analysis of the existing and potential uses of the land.

OFF-ROAD VBHICLB (ORV): Any motorized vehicle designed for or capable of

cross-country travel on or immediately over land, water, sand, snow, ice, marsh, swampland, or other terrain.

G~3

Glossary

OUTSTANDING: I. Standing out among others of its kind; conspicuous;

prominent. 2. Superior to others of its kind; distinguished; excellent.

PATENTED MINING CLAIM: A claim on which title has passed from the Federal

Government to the mining claimant under the mining laws.

PLANNING AREA: The area for which resource management plans are prepared

and maintained. In most instances, it is the same as the resource area, which is a geographic portion of a BLM district, under supervision of an area manager.

PLANNING CRITERIA: The factors used to guide development of the resource

management plan, or revision, to ensure that it is tailored to the issues previously identified and to ensure that unnecessary data collection and analyses are avoided. Planning criteria are developed to guide the collec- tion and use of inventory data and information, the analysis of the manage- ment situation, the design and formulation of alternatives, the estimation of the effects of alternatives, the evaluation of alternatives, and the selection of the preferred alternative.

PRS-FLPMA: Before October 21, 1976, the date of approval of the Federal

Land Policy and Management Act.

PRELIMINARY WILDERNESS RECOMMENDATION: Refers to a wilderness recommendation

at any stage prior to the time when the Secretary of the Interior reports his recommendation to the President. Until the Secretary acts, the recom- mendation is "preliminary" because it is subject to change during adminis- trative review.

PRIMITIVE AND UNCONFINED RECREATION: Nonmotorized and nondeveloped types of

outdoor recreational activities.

PUBLIC LANDS: For the purpose of the wilderness review program, any lands

and interest in lands owned by the United States within the several States and administered by the Secretary of the Interior through the Bureau of Land Management, without regard to how the United States acquired owner- ship, except:

1. Lands where the United States owns the minerals but the surface is not Federally owned.

2. Lands being held for the benefit of Indians, Aleuts, and Eskimos.

3- Lands tentatively approved for State selection in Alaska.

4- Lands on the Outer Continental Shelf.

5. Oregon and California grant (0 & C) lands that are managed for com mercial timber production.

RANGELAND IMPROVEMENTS: Any structural or nons tructural improvements which

directly affect or support the use of the forage resource by domestic livestock, such as fences, line cabins, water lines, and stock tanks.

Glossary

G 4

RBSOURCK MANAGEMENT PLAN (RMP): The basic decision document of BLM’s

resource management planning process, used to establish allocation and coordination among uses for the various resources within a Resource Area. An RMP is a ’’land-use plan” prescribed by Section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act. RMP regulations appear at 43 CFR 1601. (Refer to definition of Management Framework Plan.)

RIPARIAN : Situated on or pertaining to the bank of a river, stream, or other

body of water. Normally used to refer to plants of all types that grow along streams or around springs.

ROAD : A vehicle route which has been improved and maintained by mechanical

means to ensure relatively regular and continuous use.

SOLITUDE : 1. The state of being alone or remote from habitations; isolation.

2. A lonely, unfrequented, or secluded place.

SUBSTANTIALLY UNNOTICEABLE : Refers to something that either is so insignifi-

cant as to be only a very minor feature of the overall area or is not distinctly recognizable by the average visitor as being manmade or man- caused because of age, weathering, or biological change. An example of the first would be a few minor dams or abandoned mine buildings that are widely scattered over a large area, so that they are an inconspicuous part of the scene. Serious intrusions of this kind, or many of them, may preclude inclusion of the land in a wilderness study area. An example of the second would be an old juniper control project that has grown up to a natural appearance, the old fallen trees largely decomposed.

SUITABILITY : As used in the Wilderness Act and in the Federal Land Policy and Management Act, refers to a recommendation by the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture that certain Federal lands satisfy the definition of wilderness in the Wilderness Act and have been found appropriate for designation as wilderness on the basis of an analysis of the existing and potential uses of the land.

SUPPLEMENTAL VALUBS: Values that may be present in an area under consideration

for wilderness, such as ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value. They are not required for wilderness designation, but their presence will enhance an area’s wilderness quality.

VALID MINING CLAIM: A mining claim on which a discovery has been made (See

’’Discovery. ” )

WATERSHED: The area drained by a principal river or stream system.

WAY/PRIMITIVE VEHICLE ROUTES: A vehicle route which has not been improved and

maintained by mechanical means to ensure relatively regular and continuous use .

G-5

Glossary

WILDERNESS : The following definition as contained in section 2(c) of the

Wilderness Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 891): A wilderness in contrast with

those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain. An area of wilderness is further defined to mean in this Act an area of undeveloped Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence,

without permanent improvements or human habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural conditions and which (1) generally appears to have been affected primarily by the unnoticeable ; (2) has

outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation; (3) has at least five thousand acres of land or is of

sufficient size as to make practicable its preservation and use in an unimpaired condition; and (4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.

WILDERNESS AREA: An area formally designated by Act of Congress as part of

the National Wilderness Preservation System.

WILDERNESS CHARACTERISTICS: See ’'Wilderness.”

WILDERNESS INVENTORY: An evaluation of the public lands in the form of a

written description and map showing those lands that meet the wilderness

criteria as established under section 603(a) of FLPMA and section 2(c) of the Wilderness Act, which will be referred to as Wilderness Study Areas ( WSA) .

WILDERNESS MANAGEABILITY: The capability of an area to be effectively managed

to preserve its wilderness character.

WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT: The management of human use and influence on lands

which have been designated by Act of Congress as wilderness areas.

WILDERNBSS PROGRAM: Term used to describe all wilderness activities of the

Bureau of Land Management including identification, management, and admin istrative functions.

WILDERNESS RECOMMENDATIONS: A recommendation by the Bureau of Land Management,

the Secretary of the Interior, or the President, with respect to an area's suitability or nonsuitability for preservation as wilderness.

WILDERNESS REPORTING: The process of preparing the reports containing wilder-

ness recommendations on wilderness study areas and transmitting those reports to the Secretary of the Interior, the President, and Congress.

WILDERNBSS REVIEW: The term used to cover the entire wilderness inventory,

study, and reporting phases of the wilderness program of the Bureau of Land Management .

G 6

Glossary

WILDERNESS STUDY: The process which specifies how each wilderness study

area must be studied through the BLM resource management planning system, analyzing all resources, values and uses within the WSA to determine whether the area will be recommended as suitable or nonsuitable for wilder- ness designation.

WILDERNBSS STUDY AREA (WSA): A roadless area or island that has been inven-

toried and found to have wilderness characteristics as described in section 603 of FLPMA and section 2(c) of the Wilderness Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 891).

WILDERNBSS VALUES: See '’Wilderness . "

WILDLIFE IMPROVEMENTS : Any structural or nons tructural improvements which

directly affect or support the use of water, food, or shelter by wildlife, such as guzzlers, water lines, or fences.

WITHDRAWAL: Removal, or withholding, of public lands by statute, or

Secretarial order, from operation of some or all of the public land laws ("surface,” mining and/or mineral leasing laws).

G-7

Glossary

.

INDEX

INDEX

Allotment Management Plan (AMP)

2F--10, 2F-9 , 2F-10, 2F-16, 2H-9 Allotments

2C-4 , 2C-6 , 2C-14, 2E-11, 2E-19 Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC)

G-l

Area of Special Biological Importance (ASBI)

2F-13, 2F-14 Bald Eagles

2F-3 , 2F-15

California Department of Fish and Game

2A-5 , 2D- 5 , 2D-15 , 2F-3, 2F-5, 2F-6, 2F-10, 2F-13, 2F-19,3-3 California Department of Forestry 2A-6 , 2D-6 , 3-3

California Wilderness Act of 1984

2A-5 , 2D- 5 , 2D-15, 2F-3, 2F-5, 2F-19 Commercial Forest Land (CFL)

2F-9, 2F-15 Cultural Resources

1-6, 2A 1, 2A-12, 2A - 13 , 2B-1, 2B-12, 2C-1, 2C-12, 2D-1, 2D-13, 2E-1, 2E-7, 2E- 8 , 2E-11, 2F-1, 2F-4, 2F-14 Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA)

1-1, 1-3, 1-4, 2A-5 Hi Mountain Enduro

2D-1 -4, 2D- 6 , 2D- 9 , 2D-11, 2D-16 -18 Issues

1-3 -6, 2A-1, 2A-3 , 2A-15, 2A 16, 2B-1, 2B-3, 2B-14, 2B 15, 2C-1,

2C-3 , 2C-15 , 2D-1 , 2D-3, 2D- 15, 2E-1, 2E--3, 2E-13, 2F-1, 2F-3, 2F-4, 2F-16

Los Padres National Forest

2A-3 , 2A- 4 , 2A-12, 2A-16, 2D-3, 2D-5, 2D-12 Management Framework Plan (MFP)

1-4, 1-5, 2B- 4 , 2B- 5 , 2B-15, 2C-4, 2C-15, 2D-5, 2E-4, 2E-7, 2E-11, 2E-13 , 2E-14, 2F-6 , 2F-19 Mendocino National Forest 2F-3

Mineral Leases

2A-3 , 2A- 9 , 2B-3 , 2D- 4, 2D-9, 2E-8 Mining Claims

2A- 3 , 2A-6 , 2A 9, 2A 14, 2B 3, 2B-6, 2B-9, 2B-14, 2B-15, 2C-14, 2D- 4, 2D-6 , 2D-9 , 2D-14 , 2E-8, 2F-10, 2F-16, 2F-20 Monache Walker Pass National Cooperative Land and Wildlife Management Area 2B- 3 , 2B-6, 2B-13 Nature Conservancy 2C-6

Off- road Vehicle (ORV)

1-6, 2A 3, 2B 4, 2B 5, 2B-12, 2C-4, 2C-5, 2C-9, 2C-12, 2C-16, 2C-17, 2D- 4 , 2D-9 , 2D- 18 , 2E-4, 2E-7, 2E-11, 2E-14, 2F-10 Peregrine Falcons 2F- 3 , 2F-15

1-1

Index

Resource Management Plan (RMP)

1-4, 1-5, 2A- 4 , 2A-5 , 2A-16, 2C-6, 2D-4, 2D-5, 2D-15, 2F-6, 2F-9, 2F-19 Scoping Process

1-5, 1-6, 2A-3 , 2A-15, 2B-3, 2B-14, 2C-3, 2C-15, 2D-3, 2D-15, 2E-3, 2E-13, 2F-3 , 2F-16 Sensitive Plant Species 2A-4, 2D-4

Sequoia National Forest

2B-4 , 2B-11, 2C-5, 2C-11, 2D-5 Shasta-Trinity National Forest 2E-3 , 2E-10

Threatened and Endangered Species

v, 1-6, 2E-4 , 2E-17 , 2E-18, 2F-15, 2H-14, 2H-15, 3-1 Timber Management Plan 2F-4

Water Quality

1-6, 2E-5 , 2F-4 , 2H-4, 2H--9, 2H-10, 2H-18, 2H-20 Wilderness Review Process 1-3

Wilderness Study Report

DATE DUE
GAYLORD			PRNTED IN LL&.A.

BLM LIBRARY SC-324A, BLOG. 50 DENVER FEDERAL CENTER

P. 0. BOX 25047 DENVER. CO 80225-0047

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