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DESCRIPTION

NEW BRITISH ANNELIDE,

BELONGING TO THE

Trin—E RAPACEA of GruBe 1

= Annelida errantia of M1ttnr-Epwarbs.
re Dy ed ries oo
f Sia Vd ae F Lt ee
UYjittter g: : C ae 2 8 fF a
3 BY

‘ i 1 aa
W. BAIRD, M.D, F.LS.
Hy

(Plate I.)
Fam. NEREI DID.

Gen. HETERONEREIS.

NaTA, Baird. (PI1.I. figs. 1, 1 a—c.)

atum, dorso et ventre canaliculatum.
bntum brevissima ; segmenta sexdecim
ntis na, pedibus raliait simplicibus ; segmenta partis poste-
rioris corporis parva, confertim disposita, pedibus parvis, compositis ;
cirri pedum anteriorum simplices, non crenati.
Hab. Polperro, Cornwall; in fundo limoso. (Mus. Brit.)

The body of this Annelide (Pl. I. fig. 1) is nearly 3 inches
long, consisting of about 106 segments. The anterior portion is

i a

Bie

on J : DR. W. BAIRD ON A NEW BRITISH ANNELIDE. 9
CLA AAM |

about one-third the whole length and is composed of 21 segments,
the posterior containing 85. In form it tapers gradually from
the head to the tail, which terminates in a blunt point without
cirri. The dorsal surface is beautifully marked with dark-purple
spots, which extend over the upper part of the feet, leaving a
hollow space in the centre free from them. The anterior portion
of the body is convex, the lower flattened. The segments of the
anterior part are of considerable size, but those of the lower are
small and very much crowded together. A canal runs down the
ventral surface the whole length, while a similar one runs down
the dorsal surface of the anterior portion only, beginning at the
sixth or seventh segment and continuing to the twenty-first. The
head is rather small; the first segment of the body of moderate
size, and the four succeeding ones very narrow (fig. 1 d), the first
nearly equalling the three following. The tentacular cirri are equal
in length to about the four first segments. The feet of the anterior
portion of the body (fig. 1 @) are all simple lobulated feet, with-
out any foliaceous branchial lamina. The dorsal lobe is short,
stout, and rounded at the apex, with a cirrus springing from near
its root, about one-third longer than the lobe itself, and not
erenated underneath. The ventral lobe is somewhat larger than
the dorsal, and the cirrus attached to it is very short, not quite
half the length of the lobe. The bristles attached to it are of
two kinds: those especially attached to the lobe nearest the
dorsal lobe (the superior fascicle) are all slender, compound, with
a sharp-pointed smooth style inserted into a stouter cylindrical
shaft which is slightly striated (sete spinose). The bristles of
the inferior branch are bifasciculate, and consist of one bundle
composed of spinous bristles like those above described, and
another composed of stouter and rather shorter sete with a
striated slightly bent cylindrical shaft cut obliquely at the tip,.
to which portion is articulated a short claw-like piece, quite
smooth, and slightly bent at the apex (sete falcate). The acicule
are stout and of a black colour. The posterior feet (fig. 1) are
all much smaller than the anterior, but more complicated in
structure. Above the base of the dorsal or superior lobe we find
a compressed foliaceous lamella. The superior setiferous tubercle
is also furnished with a similar lamina, but very large, extending
across the middle lobes of the foot. The ventral cirrus has ap-
pended beneath its base another foliaceous lamina of about the
same size ag that attached to the dorsal lobe. The cirri of these
lobes are rather short, that of the dorsal lobe being longer than

10 DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES.

the lobe, while the ventral cirrus is shorter than its corresponding
lobe. The bristles are of two kinds,—those of the setiferous
tubercles being numerous, compound, and consisting of a flattened
lancet-shaped blade, smooth and rather sharp-pointed, let into a
somewhat cylindrical shaft which is striated half across (sete
cultrate) (fig. 1¢). Mixed with these are a few (about four or
five) long and stout sete of the falcate kind, but much longer
and stronger than those of the anterior feet.

The species which approaches nearest to this is the Hetero-
nereis renalis of Johnston=H. arctica of Oersted. It differs,
however, in many respects. The relative size of the first and four
succeeding segments, the colour and peculiar markings of the
body, the canal running down the centre dorsally and ventrally,
the number of anterior segments (in renalis or arctica being only
twenty, while in this species there are twenty-one), the posterior
portion of the body being more slender, and the tail destitute of
cirri, the structure of the feet and cirri, &c.,—all separate it from
that species.

The only specimen which I have seen was found by Mr.
Laughrin at Polperro, Cornwall, in a muddy bottom, and is now
in the national collection, British Museum.

Description of several new Species and Varieties of Tubicolous
Annelides=Tribe Limtvora of Grube, in the Collection of the
British Museum. By W. Barrp, M.D., F.L.S.— Parr I.

(Plate I.)
[Read April 21, 1864.]

In the extensive collection of Annelides belonging to the British
Museum, now in course of arrangement, there is a considerable
number which appear to me to be undescribed. In many cases
these are difficult to determine, from the fact that soft animals
preserved in spirits do not always retain their form and consist-
ence, or may be so hardened by the spirits as to offer great diffi-
culties in making out the different parts. In the case of the
Tubicolous Annelides, again, perhaps only the tubes or cases in
which the animals dwell have been preserved, and thus it is
almost impossible to refer them to their proper genera. As,
however, notwithstanding these difficulties, we possess many

DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES. 11

species which can be determined, it is my intention, from time to
time, to offer to the Linnean Society, if approved of, descriptions
of such species as appear to me new or worthy of particular
attention.

Family SERPU LID.

The genus Serpula of Linnzus, as established by the illustrious
Swede, contained several species now known to belong to the
genus Vermetus, a genus of mollusks. After these were with-
drawn, there still remained many forms of shelly tubes which,
though bearing a general resemblance to each other, were difficult
to be arranged under one single genus. The animals, however,
the architects of these tubes, after a time began to be a little
more studied; and thus Lamarck, Blainville, Savigny, and some
other naturalists were enabled to construct, upon good grounds,
several genera to contain what might otherwise have been con-
sidered similar forms. The last author who has paid particular
attention to this Linnean genus is Dr. A. Philippi. His sub-
divisions of Serpula are founded upon a character which has been
discovered by malacologists to be of great value in the class Mol-
lusea. The animals of the greater number of the species of
Serpula which have been described possess a similar organ to that
which characterizes so many of the Gasteropodous Mollusca.
This is the operculum, which varies considerably in structure in
the different species, and which thus forms an excellent character
for dividing them into genera. As Philippi justly observes, “ this
character has, moreover, the advantage that it may still be fre-
quently observed in dried specimens preserved in museums.”

Little dependence can be placed on the shelly tube alone in
distinguishing the species or even the genera: thus we find a
similar shell possessed by two or three different Annelides be-
longing to two or three distinct genera; for, as Philippi remarks
in his paper*, “the shells of Serpula triquetra, Vermilia triquetra,
and Pomatoceros tricuspis are difficult to distinguish without the
animals.”

The structure of the operculum is far more varied, indeed, than
it had been hitherto supposed to be; and I think Dr. Philippi has
done good service to the students of this group of Annelides by
so carefully distinguishing the structure of this appendage. It is
owing to the fact mentioned above (that the operculum frequently

Wiegmamnn’s Archiv for 1844, Bandi. p.186. Translated into English by
Dr. Francis, in Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist. 1844, vol. xiv. p. 153-162.

12 DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES.

remains behind in dried specimens), that I have been enabled to
add some new species, belonging to the national collection, not
hitherto described. The number of genera characterized by
Philippi belonging to the Serpulide is ten, and the species enu-
merated by him as occurring in the Mediterranean alone are
twenty-five. Various other exotic species have been described at
different times, and to these I now propose adding several more.

Genus Eveomatus, Philippi *.

1. Evpomarus Botront, Baird. (PI. I. figs. 2, 2a, b.)

Char. Animal (operculo excepto) ignotum. Operculum corneum, in-
fundibuliforme, margine externo dense crenato, interne cuspidibus
caleareis viginti dentatis instructum. Testa rubra, triquetra, adhe-
rens, transversim rugosa, dorso canaliculata.

Hab. Nova Zelandia. (Mus. Brit.)

This is a fine species of the family Serpulide, of which, however,
we have as yet only received the shelly tube and the operculum
of the animal. In our national collection we possess three good
specimens of the shell and three specimens of the operculum.
This portion of the animal is large, and by means of it we can
distinctly refer the species to the genus Hupomatus of Philippi.
It is rounded, slightly funnel-shaped, and of a horny texture
(Pl. I. fig. 2a). Externally the margin is densely crenated—
the crenations being about eighty-eight or ninety in number, and
tooth-like. Internally it is provided with a considerable number
(about twenty) of hard, flattened, calcareous spikes (or, as Phi-
lippi elsewhere calls them, horns, cornwa), rising up from the
centre and strongly dentate—these teeth being four or five in
number, stout, rather blunt, and arranged on one side only (fig.
26). The spike itself terminates in a claw-shaped sharp point,
slightly curved at the extremity. These spikes bear altogether an
exact resemblance to the toothed extremity of the large claw of
a lobster. The tube, in all the specimens which I have seen, is
found attached to, and creeping on, dead shells (fig.2). In one
specimen, which, however, is not quite perfect at the posterior
extremity, it is about three inches in length. It is of a red
colour, triquetrous where attached, but round at the anterior ex-

* The genus Hupomatus was constituted by Philippi to receive those species
of Serpula that had the operculum furnished on the upper side, in the centre,
with a certain number of moveable spikes. The operculum, he says, is horny,
and in the Mediterranean species these spikes are horny also; but this latter
character does not hold good in all the other species which have been described.

DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES. 13

tremity or mouth when the tube raises itself up from the shell
upon which it creeps, is corrugated transversely (the strie of
growth?), and is marked with a large, distinct canal or furrow,
running along the dorsal surface throughout its whole length.

Of the three specimens we possess, one, the largest, is at-
tached to part of the shell of Haliotis australis, another to a frag-
ment of a species of Mactra, and the third is coiled round a
species of Hlenchus.

They were all collected in New Zealand by Lieut.-Col. Bolton,
R.E., to whom I have dedicated the species.

Genus Piacosrecus *, Philippi.

2. PLACOSTEGUS CARINIFERUS, Gray (sp.), Baird.

Numerous specimens of this species of Annelide were brought at
different times from New Zealand, and deposited in the national
collection, by the late lamented Dr. Andrew Sinclair, R.N.,
Lieut.-Col. Bolton, R.E., the late Captain Sir Everard Home,
Bart., and His Excellency Governor Sir George Grey.

The tube or shell was briefly described by Dr. Gray in 1843,
in the ‘Fauna of New Zealand’ appended to Dr. Dieffenbach’s
‘Travels in New Zealand.’ As only the operculum was known at
that time to Dr. Gray, and as that resembles very much in form
the operculum of the molluscous genus of shells “ Vermetus,”’ he
described it under the name of Vermetus cariniferus. A similar,
and, I believe, the identical species has since that time been
described and the animal figured by Schmarda, in his ‘ Neue
wirbellose Thiere,’ 1861, under the name of Placostegus ceruleus.
My chief object in this brief notice is to give a few more parti-
culars with regard to this species, to correct the synonymy, and
to restore the specific name attached to it originally by Dr. Gray.
I wish also particularly to bring before the notice of the Society
the fact that the animal gives out a beautiful dye or colour. The
specimens which were the subjects of my examination had been
for a number of years in the British Museum, some having been
placed there in 1845, and others in 1847. Notwithstanding their
having been so long dry, when softened in water, taken out of
the tubes, and placed in spirits of wine, they imparted to the

* The genus Placostegus was constituted by Philippi to contain those species
of Sepula which have a calcareous operculum (approaching very nearly in form
to that of some of the Gasteropodous Mollusca) in the shape of a shallow disk,
entire at the margin.

14 DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES.

liquid a beautiful and delicate red tint. The whole animal is of
a fine blue colour, and the elegant tuft of branchial filaments
intensely azure banded with white. In describing the tube of
this species of Annelide in 1843, Dr. Gray had only one or two
specimens to describe from, as the other specimens, which are now
in the Collection of the British Museum, arrived long after that
description was drawn up. He says, “the shell is thick, irre-
gularly twisted, opaque white, with a high compressed wavy keel
along the upper edge; mouth orbicular, with a tooth above it,
formed by the keel. Operculum orbicular, horny.” In the col-
lection there are two or three specimens which occur single, and
were found creeping on dead shells. To these this description
applies very well; but, in addition to those, we have various spe-
cimens collected together into large masses nearly the size of a
small human head, and consisting of several thousands of tubes
twisted and twined together. In the generality of these we see
the keel, mentioned by Dr. Gray as “high,” “compressed,” and
forming “a tooth”’ at its extremity, becoming double as it were at
a certain distance from the mouth of the tube, diverging a little
from each other, the surface of the tube between the two keels
being raised to the same height as the tube, and thus forming a
rather broad flat tooth or strap which projects considerably be-
yond the circular rim of the mouth. In many specimens this
tooth is sharp-pointed, but in others it is blunt and rounded at
the point.

Schmarda asserts that the species described by him is also a
native of the Cape of Good Hope. His description applies better
to the New Zealand specimens than to those from the Cape, and
I was led at first to separate the two as distinct species. A
more careful examination, however, of all the specimens we
possess from both these habitats, has now induced me to consider
those from the Cape of Good Hope to be only a variety of the
other. Several specimens of this variety, occurring in large
masses of some thousands of tubes clustered together, were col-
lected by Dr. Krauss many years ago at the Cape of Good Hope,
and are now in the Collection of the British Museum.

This variety I have named

PLACOSTEGUS CARINIFERUS, var. Avraussit ;
and I here append a more detailed description of it.
Char. Animal Placostego carinifero valde simile, sed minus intense czru-
leum. Branchie pallide cerulex, albo-fasciatz, filamentis circiter
viginti et sex, uno latere plumosis. Seta pedum longe, numerose,

DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES. 15

simplices, ad finem curvate. Tubuli repentes, in massam magnam
glomerati, dorso plane carinati, ligula plana, os supra extensa ter-
minati.

Hab. Promontorio Bone Spei. (Mus. Brit.)

The animal differs from that of the specimens from New Zea-
land in being less deeply coloured, and perhaps being longer in
proportion to the size of the tube. This is smaller, and the
dorsal keel is perhaps rather flatter and less sharp-pointed at its
extremity. The two sets of specimens, however, agree in this
particular, that the animals, when softened in water and then
immersed in spirits of wine, impart to the liquid the same beau-
_ tiful red colour, though, as may be supposed from the animal
being less deeply coloured, those from the Cape of Good Hope
give out a slightly fainter hue.

3. Pracosreaus LatinieuLatus, Baird. (PI. 1. figs. 3, 3a, b.)

Char. Animal Placostego carinifero simile. Color corporis fuscus.
Branchiz albz, ceruleo fasciate. Operculum calcareum, circulare,
concavum, ceruleum. Tubuli repentes, flexuosi, dorso late carinati,
carina in latam ligulam, supra os extensam desinens. Os interne
cecruleum.

Hab. 2 (Mus. Brit.)

Only one mass, consisting of about 100 or more tubes, is in
the possession of the Museum, and no history is attached to the
specimen. The animal, softened in water and taken out of the
tube, as far as can be ascertained from the imperfect state of the
specimens, is very similar in appearance to the animal of the
Placostegus cariniferus. It is about the same size as those taken
from the var. Kraussii, from the Cape of Good Hope, but differs
a good deal in colour. The body of the animal is of a fuscous-
brown colour, the branchial filaments white, banded with blue, and
the operculum is of an azure hue. The tubes are broad, clustered
together, and creeping in a very flexuous manner; they are of a
bluish colour, the mouth of the tube deeply so, and the flat
dorsal keel is somewhat of the same hue. The tube itself and
the keel which runs along the back are broad, the latter part
especially so at its extremity, where it terminates in a flat, strap-
like tooth or sort of hood which extends some way beyond the
rounded mouth (fig. 3 0). The surface throughout is much
wrinkled, and the whole tube presents an irregular form of growth.

We have no history attached to this specimen; and were it
not that the animals in some of the tubes still exist, the mass
might be taken for a group of fossil tubes.

16 DR. W. BATRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES.

4. Pracostreus Grayi, Baird, (P11. figs. 4, 4a, 6.)

Char. Animal, operculo excepto, ignotum. Operculum corneum ?, cir-
culare, concavum. ‘Tubuli flexuose repentes, depressi, valde rugosi,
dorso late carinati, carma haud in ligulam os supra extensam desinens.

Hab. 2 (Mus. Brit.)

The only specimens we possess in the collection of the British

Museum are a few tubes creeping on a stone. The operculum
was found in two or three of the tubes, and, unlike the others
belonging to the genus Placostegus, appears to be horny, of a cir-
cular form, and hollow or concave on its upper surface. The
tubes are flexuose, very rugose, and possess, like the last-de-
scribed species (P. latiligulatus), a rather broad flat™keel along
the back of the shell. This keel is very rugose or wrinkled, and
does not extend beyond the mouth of the tube, which is quite
circular (fig. 45). The form of the tube is very irregular, and in
several specimens at the larger extremity it is cemented as it were
by a smooth, hard calcareous secretion to the stone to which it is
attached. The specimens were presented many years ago to the
Museum by Dr. Gray, whose name I have attached to the species.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

Fig. 1. Heleronereis signata, natural size; 1a, one of anterior feet; 16, one
of posterior feet ; le, seta of ditto; 1d, head and 8 first segments of
body : all magnified.

Fig. 2. Eupomatus Boltoni, natural size, on Haliotis; 2a, operculum of ditto ;
2 6, one of the spikes of ditto: both magnified.

Fig. 3, Placostegus latiligulatus, nat. size ; 3. a, operculum of ditto: magnified ;
3 6, extremity of tube, nat. size.

Fig. 4. Placostegus Grayi, nat. size; 4a, operculum of ditto: magnified; 4 4,
extremity of tube, nat. size.

Parr II.

(Plate II.)
[Read June 2, 1864. ]
Genus Crmosprra, Savigny.

Amongst the tubicolous Annelides belonging to the family
Serpulide, the genus Cymospira of Savigny is. remarkable. The
branchie are described by Pallas and others as being very beau-
tiful when seen in the living animal, and are rolled into spires of
several turns. The operculum consists of a somewhat horny,
elliptical, shallow plate, which supports two or more dentated
horns or processes, generally near its hinder margin. The tubes
of all the known species, of which only three or four have been
described, burrow into or are attached to masses of Madrepore

DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES. Wy.

in the seas of the West Indies. In the collection of Annelides
belonging to the British Museum we possess several additional
species, found inhabiting coral in other parts of the world. One
of these was found on a coral reef in the Arabian Gulf, and,
in the structure of the operculum, &c., materially differs from all
that have been previously described. The following is its de-
scription :—

5. CymMosPrra TRIcoRNIS, Baird. (Pl. II. fig. 1, operculum.)

Branchiz in spiras quinque convolute. Operculum magnum, cornibus

tribus dentatis armatum.

The branchiz are disposed in five whorls. The filaments are
densely plumose on one side and are of moderate length. The
operculigerous filament is thick and fleshy. The operculum is
large, nearly flat on the upper surface, and is armed with three
stout, irregularly-toothed horns. The collar is large and fleshy.
The spines of the thoracic segments are stout, rather short, and
yellowish-coloured. The abdominal portion of the body is about
2 inches long, smooth on the ventral surface with the exception
of a few longitudinal strong strie, and strongly and densely
striated across on the dorsal surface. The tube in which this
annelide dwells is large, nearly as thick as a man’s little finger,
but so covered with coral deposit that it is very difficult to
ascertain its form. We possess in the British Museum only two
specimens of this animal, one of them being partly contained in a
fragment of its tube. The mouth of this tube seems to be nearly
round; but the rest of it is so covered with madrepore, in a mass
of which it had apparently burrowed, that nothing more can be
seen of its structure.

The whole animal is fully 3 ches long, tapered somewhat
towards the tail, and about the centre of the body is nearly 4 lines
in diameter.

Hab. Djedda, in coral reef. From the Collection of Mr. Met-
calf. (Brit. Mus.)

6. Cymosprra BRACHYCERA, Baird. (PI. II. fig. 2, operculum.)

Branchiz in spiras quinque convolute. Operculum magnum, cornibus

duobus brevissimis irregulariter dentatis armatum.

Amongst the numerous objects of natural history collected
during the surveying-voyage of H. M.S. ‘Fly’ by Mr. Jukes,
Naturalist to the Expedition, and transmitted. by him to the
British Museum, are two specimens from Swain’s Reefs, on the

east coast of Australia, of the “ animals of tubes that bore into
2

18 DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES.

coral.” Neither the tubes themselves, nor fragments of the coral
containing them, were secured; but as no doubt the former, like
the other known species, would be completely immersed in and
incrusted by the latter, little information could be obtained from
them.

The branchie are coiled round in five spires. The filaments
are of moderate length, and plumose on one side. The collar is
rather thin and membranous. The operculigerous filament is
thick and fleshy, and the operculum itself is large, of an oval
form, and armed on its slightly concave surface with two very
short and irregularly-toothed horns. The thoracic portion of the
body is short and rather square-shaped, with a free margin on
each side and on the lower edge; and the sete of the feet are
rather short and bright yellow. The abdominal portion is strongly
and densely striated across. The entire length of the animal is
about 3 inches (in spirits).

Hab. East coast of Australia. (Brit. Mus.)

The way in which these animals were seen and collected is
thus described by Mr. Jukes in his Narrative of the voyage :—
“A block of coral rock that was brought up by a fish-hook from
the bottom at one of our anchorages was interesting from the
vast variety and abundance of animal life there was about it. It
was a mere worn, dead fragment ; but its surface was covered with
brown, crimson, and yellow nullipore, many small actinie and
soft branching corallines, sheets of flustra and eschara, and deli-
cate retepore, looking like beautiful lacework carved in ivory.
There were several small sponges and alcyonia, sea-weeds of two
or three species, two species of comatula and one of ophiura of
the most delicate colours and markings, and many small, flat,
round corals, something like nummulites in external appearance.
On breaking into the block, boring shells of several species were
found buried in it; tubes formed by Annelida pierced it in all
directions, many still containing their inhabitants, while two or
three worms, or nereis, lay twisted in and out among its hollows
and recesses, in which, likewise, were three small species of crabs.
This block was not above a foot in diameter, and was a perfect
museum in itself, while its outside glared with beauty from the
many brightly and variously coloured animals and plants. It was
by no means a solitary instance; every block that could be pro-
cured from the bottom, in from 10 to 20 fathoms, was like it.
What an inconceivable amount of animal life must be here scat-
tered over the bottom of the sea, to say nothing of that moving

DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES. 19

through its waters, and this through spaces of hundreds of miles!
Every corner and crevice, every point occupied by living beings,
which, as they become more minute, increase in tenfold abun-
dance.” (p. 17.)

In the same collection of Annelides we possess specimens of a
tube imbedded in madrepore collected by Mr. John MacGillivray
from the coral reef of the island of Totoga, one of the Fiji group.
From its appearance and habitat I consider it to belong to the
same genus as the last, and propose naming it.

7. Cymosprra MacGiiirvrart. (PIII. fig. 3, mouth of tube.)

Only the mouth of the tube is distinctly seen, the remainder
being imbedded in and completely incrusted by the substance of
the madrepore. The mouth of the tube is round, smooth inter-
nally but of a dark colour tinged with red, and at the upper
edge is strongly marked with the projecting point of a keel, which
most probably runs along the dorsal surface of the tube. This
projecting poimt is somewhat tongue-shaped, of a smooth surface
and a reddish colour, and reflected a little upwards and backwards.

lt is to be regretted that the specimens we possess are so few
in number, and the fragments of the madrepore which contain the
tubes so small that it is impossible to ascertain the length of the
tube. The-circumference of the mouth of the largest specimen is
fully $ths of an inch.

Hab. Coral reef of Totoga, Fiji Islands. (Brit. Mus.)

Genus Pomatosrraus, Schmarda.

When Philippi reconstructed the family Serpulide, taking the
structure of the operculum as one of his chief generic characters,
only two species of the genus Cymospira had then been described.
One of these, the type of the genus, was the Serpula gigantea of
Pallas,=the Terebella bicornis of Abildgaard, distinguished by its
having an operculum consisting of an elliptical shallow plate
armed with two ramified horns. The other was the Terebella
stellata of Abildgaard, distinguished by the operculum being as
it were multiplied, or raised up in three different floors or stories
united to each other by a central column. Foilowing up the
subdivisions of Philippi founded on the operculum as a character,
Schmarda has since founded a new genus for this latter annelide,
which he has’ called Pomatostegus, and has described two new
species from the coral reefs of Jamaica. The worm which I have
now to describe belongs to this genus, but is a native of the seas

2%

20 DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES.

of Australia. A single specimen was added to our collection
about eight or nine months ago by Dr. Bowerbank, but no tube
was collected, nor have we any further information about it.

8. Pomarostrecus Bowrrsanki, Baird. (Pl. I. figs. 4 & 5,

operculum.)

Branchie curtz, in spiram unam et dimidiam convolute. Opercula

quatuor, versus apicem decrescentia, inarmata.

The branchiz are rather short, the filaments plumose on one
side only. Operculigerous lobe thick and fleshy. Operculum
consisting of four stories united by a common central column,
and densely covered with a rough coat of short hairs or filaments
of a fibrous substance. These opercula diminish in size as they
ascend, the last being very small and not armed with any spines
or horns. Collar small. Thoracic portion of body short, square-
shaped. Bristles of feet rather long and of a yellowish colour.
Abdominal portion of body gradually tapering to the extremity,
and striated across, the striz wide apart. It is of a reddish-brown
colour. The total length is 24} inches.

Hab. Seas of Australia. (Brit. Mus.)

Genus SERPULA, as restricted by Philippi.

Taking the operculum as his principal character, Philippi re-
stricts the old genus Serpula to those species which are distin-
guished by having the operculum of a horny substance, in the
form of a rather shallow or funnel-shaped plate, the concave disk
crenate on the margin, radiately grooved above, and supported on
a subconical fieshy petiole. This organ is in many species of a
beautiful shape, and, having in some instances a vitreous look,
might, as Dr. Johnston well observes, “make an elegant pattern
for a wineglass.”

The species hitherto enumerated have been confined to the
European fauna: I am not aware, at least, of any that have been
described from any other part of the world; and Schmarda, who
is amongst the latest authors that have paid attention to exotic
Annelides, remarks that, however common they are in the Medi-
terranean, he has not found one exotic species, It is with much
pleasure, therefore, that I dedicate the following, from Australia,
to Mr. Jukes, to whom the British Museum is indebted for the
specimen.

9, Serpunta JuKesitl, Baird. (PI. 11. fig. 6, operculum.)

Branchiz im spiram unam convolute, lactez, filamentis dorso canalicu-

DR. W. BATRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES. pe

latis. Operculum et filamentum opereuligerum alba. Opereculum pro-
funde infundibulatum, multicrenatum. Tubus teres, solidus.

A single specimen of this species of the restricted genus Ser-
pula was taken by Mr. Jukes, during the voyage of the ‘ Fly,’ on
the coast of Australia. The branchie are rolled up in a single
spire, and are of a dull milk-white colour ; the filaments are about
thirty-four in number on each side, and on the dorsa! surface are
pretty deeply grooved or channelled. The operculum is deeply
infundibuliform, of a white colour, the edge indented with nume-
rous close-set crenations, the grooves extending down along the
whole length of the outer surface. The body of the animal tapers
towards the extremity, and is of a dull reddish colour and strongly
striated across. The total length of the animal is about 13 inch,
the breadth about 13 line. Only a fragment of the tube in which the
worm lives was preserved. Itis perfectly cylindrical, without any
keel or strie, is thick and solid, and of a white colour externally.

Hab. Seas of Australia. (Brit. Mus.)

10. Serpvna Narconensis, Baird. (Pl. II. figs. 7&8, oper-
culum )

Branchiz in spiram unam convolute. Operculum lacteum, minime pro-
fundum, dense crenatum; petiolum operculigerum gracile, prope
finem nodosum.

This is a small species collected at Narcon Island during Captain
Sir J. Ross’s Antarctic exploring expedition; and only one spe-
cimen, without the tube, was procured. The chief character
which marks the species is the form of the operculum. This is a
white, rather shallow disk, elegantly formed, beautifully multi-
crenate on the margin, and radiately grooved on its upper surface
internally as well as externally. The pedicle which supports it
is slender, and terminates near the summit in a rounded knob,
upon which the operculum is seated, being attached to it by a
short stalk, which appears like a moveable joint. There is nothing
particular in the form or characters of the body, except that it is
short and stout, measuring in total length, including branchie
and operculum, about 10 lines.

Hab. Narcon Island. (Brit. Mus.)

11. Serruna Zevanvica, Baird, (Pl. II. fig. 9, operculum.)

Animal, operculo excepto, ignotum. Operculum album, parvum, mi-
nime profundum, margine crenis viginti ornatum, Tubus gracilis,
albus, repens, fere rotundus, carina longitudinali parva in dorso sig-
natus ; transversim flexuose striatus.

22 DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDES.

Several specimens of this small species of Serpula are in the
collection of the Museum, the slender tubes creeping on frag-
ments of old oyster-shells. The operculum is the only part of the
animal preserved, as the specimens were transmitted in a dry
state. Like that of the other known species of true Serpwla, it is
finely crenated on the margin. The crene are twenty in number,
but the grooves externally are confined to the surface of the disk
itself, and are not extended to the pedicel or stalk. The tube is
slender, nearly round, with only a slight keel running longitu-
dinally along its dorsal surface. It is white, the mouth is nearly
circular, and the shell itself is strongly marked along its whole
length with transverse flexuous stria which encircle it.

The specimens in the collection are grouped together on the
old oyster-shell, and mixed up with numerous specimens of z00-
phytes, Alcyonia &c. Most of them are more or less incrusted
with these.substances. Length of the tube about 16 lines; cir-
cumference about 1 line.

Hab. New Zealand. (Brit. Mus.)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.
Fig. 1. Cymospira tricornis, operculum.
2. OC. brachycera, operculum.
3. CO. MacGillivrayi, mouth of tube, in coral.
4,5. Pomatostegus Bowerbanki, operculum.
6. Serpula Jukesit, operculum.
8. S. Narconensis, operculum.
9. S. Zelandica, operculum.
10. Eupomatus Bolton, operculum.
11. Galeolaria decumbens, opereulum.

Linn.Soc. Journ. Loot, Vol. VT, Lab.

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Geo. West lth ad nat.

DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDS. 157

On new Tubicolous Annelids, in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part 2. By W. Batrp, M.D., F.LS.

[Read December 1, 1864. ]
[PuatE V.]

Genus Trrepetia, Linn. (Montagu).
1. TEREBELLA FLABELLUM, Baird. PI.V. figs. 1 & 2.

The animal is as yet unknown, but the tubes are sufficiently re-
markable to merit a description. The specimens, which have been
deposited in the collection of the British Museum, vary in size,
the largest being about 6 inches in length, and about the circum-
ference of an ordinary goose-quill. They are cylindrical in form,
tapering gradually from the summit to the base; the upper
portion being the narrower. They are composed of a thin mem-
branous substance internally, covered externally with numerous
. fragments of shells, corals, and pieces of horny zoophytes. The
most characteristic feature, however, in the structure of this tube
is the fan-shaped expansion of filaments at its upper orifice. This
orifice is circular, and has on its dorsal surface a projecting lip or
kind of hood (fig. 2), which extends beyond the mouth for a short
distance, whilst from its ventral side springs another lip or hood
(fig. 1), which quickly expands into a fan-shaped tuft of horny-
looking filaments. This tuft is composed of several branches, each
of which divides dichotomously into stiff but somewhat flexible
filaments, spreading out horizontally to the length of an inch or
more. These filaments are nodulous, and seem to possess a glu-
tinous secretion, by means of which they are able to attach small
shells, &c. to their surface.

Hab. These tubes, to the number of six, were collected during
Sir J. Clarke Ross’s Antarctic Expedition—two of them being re-
gistered in our collection as from Marcon Island. (Mus. Brit.)

2. TEREBELLA BILINEATA, Baird. Pl. V. figs. 3&4.

Animal with three pairs of branchiz, composed of simple cirri-
form filaments (fig. 3). They are not arborescent, having no trunk
or main branch from which the others spring, but are inserted in
tufts of single filaments on the three first segments of the body,
on each side. The tentacula are composed of numerous, rather
long filaments, hollowed in the centre, and waved or undu-
lated along the edge. In the specimens we have preserved in
the collection, most of these have unfortunately fallen off. The
bristle tufts are continued to the end of the body, and are about
36 in number. The segments of the body are rather deeply

158 DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDS.

striated across, and the surface is somewhat granular in appear-
ance. The body is thickest about the centre, and tapers suddenly
from that to the inferior extremity. When alive, the animal is
marked with two fine stripes or lines running longitudinally down
along the dorsal surface beautifully tinged with purple.

The case or tube which this animal constructs (fig. 4), and which
it inhabits, is of an irregular form, and consists of a thin trans-
parent membrane, densely coated externally with numerous rough
fragments of stones and shells, with some beautiful foraminifera
mixed, coarsely cemented together and exhibiting a very rude ap-
pearance.

The total length of the animal is about 3 inches, and that of
the longest tube is about 4 or 44 inches.

Hab. Falkland Islands. Collected by Mr. W. Wright. (Mus.
Brit.)

Genus Saperta, Linn. (Savigny).
1. SABELLA BIPUNCTATA, Baird.

‘Worm rather slender, somewhat flattened, slightly tapered
towards the posterior extremity.

Branchial fans large, about one-third the length of the body ;
of a dark purple colour towards the base, where the filaments are
all united by a web for a short distance. Each filament is marked
on the smooth rachis at regular distances with two small round
purple spots. There are five pairs of these spots on each filament,
the first being near the base and the last a short distance from the
apex. The filaments are all rather densely and closely ciliated on
one side. The two tentacula are smooth and setaceous, short,
stout, and sharp pointed at the apex. The collar is slightly lobed ;
and the upper part of the body, on the ventral surface, a little
below the head, is stained with a rather broad dark purple mark,
and along each side of the body, at the base of each foot, is a
small spot of the same colour. The thorax has ten pairs of seti-
gerous feet, and the purple spots at their bases are much larger
than those at the base of the feet belonging to the abdominal
segments. In one specimen (which I cannot see differs specifically
from the others in other respects) the setigerous feet are twelve
pairs in number and the body is somewhat broader.

The tube which the animal constructs, and in which it lives, is
narrow, about the circumference of a swan-quill, long, round, and
consists of a toughish membrane covered with a rather thick,
smooth coat of mud.

The length of the animal is about 3 inches; that of the tube
about 43 inches.

DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDS. 159

Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Indies. Collected by M. Sallé.
(Maus. Brit.)

2. SABELLA NIGRO-MaCULATA, Baird. PI. V. figs. 5 & 6.

Worm rather short, broad and stout, tapering slightly near the
posterior extremity (fig. 5).

The branchial fan consists of numerous short filaments united
near the base by a web, and about the fourth part of the length of
the body. They are of a dark brown colour spotted with white on
the rachis, are densely ciliated on one side with long stout cilia,
and on the rachis, which is smooth, there are at regular distances
about twenty other very short filaments, set in pairs (fig. 6).
Near the base of the filament spring a pair longer and broader,
and near the middle of its length another pair of the same kind.
The collar is deeply lobed and of a dark purple colour. The
body throughout its whole length is spotted with numerous dark
purple or nearly black dots of various sizes, but largest on the
superior extremity. The thorax possesses seven pairs of seti-
gerous feet. The two smooth filaments are short and flat, and
sharp pointed at the apex. The tube in which the animal lives
is rounded, and is composed of a toughish membrane covered
outwardly with a smooth coat of mud.

The length of the animal is about 23 inches; that of the tube
nearly double the length.

Hab. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies. From the Rey. Lans-
downe Guilding’s Collection. (Maus. Brit.)

3. SABELLA OCCIDENTALIS, Baird. PI. V. figs. 7 & 8.

Worm slender, of a cylindrical form, slightly tapering towards
the posterior extremity (fig. 7).

Branchial fan composed of about sixteen filaments on each side.
The filaments are densely ciliated on one side; the cilia of a
yellow colour for most part, interspersed at short distances with
black cilia, generally disposed in pairs, or in clusters of three, and
rather stouter than the others. The rachis is smooth, but dotted
along one side with numerous very small black spots (fig. 8).
The filaments are all united near their base by a web, which is of
a dark purple colour. The two smooth filaments are short, and
sharp pointed at the apex. The collar is narrow and slightly bi-
lobed. The thorax has seven pairs of setigerous feet. We possess
no tubes belonging to the specimens.

Hab. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies. From the Collection
of the Rev. Lansdowne Guilding. (Mus. Brit.)

160 DR. W. BAIRD ON NEW TUBICOLOUS ANNELIDS.

4. SABELLA GrRossa, Baird.

Worm remarkably thick, short and solid-looking, of a uniform
dark olive colour, and about the same dimensions anteriorly as
posteriorly.

The branchial filaments of the only specimen we possess have
unfortunately been destroyed, but the peduncle upon which they
were placed remains, and exhibits a spiral twist like that repre-
sented in M. Milne-Edwards’s figure of Sabella unispira in Cuvier’s
‘Animal Kingdom’ (Crochard edition, t. 4. fig. 1a). The collar
is everted, thick, and bilobed. The thorax possesses eight pairs
of setigerous feet. The smooth (?) tentacles are wanting; the
specimen, which has been for a good many years in the Museum
Collection, being in only tolerable preservation. There is no tube
belonging to the specimen. Length of animal (without branchie)
about 4 inches, breadth about 7 or 8 lines. In general appear-
ance it resembles §. melania of Schmarda from Jamaica.

Hab. Island of St. Helena. From the Collection made during
the voyage of H.M.S. ‘Chanticleer.’ (Maus. Brit.)

5. SABELLA GRAND!sS, Baird.

Worm of a rather square or quadrilateral shape, tapering
slightly to the extremity, which terminates in a sharp point.
Length (without branchiz, which unfortunately have been lost)
about 63 inches.

Collar rather broad and deeply bilobed. Thoracic feet seven
pairs. Segments belonging to them smooth, not grooved on the
upper dorsal surface. Body ofa dark brown colour on the back, ra-
ther yellow underneath or on the ventral surface. Feet numerous,
about 100 in number. Peduncles large, well developed. An-
terior and posterior divisions separated by a groove, in the centre
of which are situated the feet. Along the dorsal surface, with
the exception of the seven first or thoracic segments, there runs a
deep groove dividing each segment into two halves. The sete of
the feet appear in many instances to be enveloped in a mem-.
branous little bag, which, falling off, allows the sete to project.
These are short, slender, smooth, setaceous, and very sharp
pointed.

The case in which the worm lives is somewhat larger than the
animal itself, and is a round and leathery-looking tube covered
over externally with a thin coat of mud.

Hab. Coast of New Zealand. From the Collection of Sir A.
Smith, M.D. (Mus, Brit.)

fo

DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA. 3841

margin. Beneath bronzy; apical segment of abdomen and legs fer-
ruginous.

Head deeply and rugosely punctured. Thorax not quite two-thirds as
long as wide at the base ; anterior margin slightly produced in the
centre, about half as long as the base; sides gradually but slightly
rounded ; base with a yellow median lobe ; surface deeply and largely
punctured, especially at the sides; dorsal line, and a line parallel to
each lateral margin, impressed. LElytra deeply punctate-striate, twice
as long as wide; posterior margins finely and sharply denticulate ;
apex of each bidentate. Beneath and legs punctured, covered with
long hairs.

Length 93 lines. Breadth 33 lines.

Hab. South America.

Remarks on several Genera of Annelides, belonging to the Group
Eunicea, with a notice of such Species as are contained in the
Collection of the British Museum, and a description of some
others hitherto undescribed. By W. Batrp, M.D., F.R.S.,
E.LS., &e.

[Read February 4, 1869.]

Tuts group of Annelides contains individuals remarkable for their
great length; and, according to M. Quatrefages, some of the species
exhibit a complication of structure superior to that of any other
of the Annelida errantia. They are of an elongated form, and
generally slender, and are composed of numerous articulations.
The head is more or less distinctly lobed, and possesses from five
to seven organs usually described as antenne or tentacles, and
sometimes two tentacular cirri on the dorsal part of the buccal
segment. The feet are disposed in one row only ; and the branchie,
which are present in all, are either pectinated and occasionally
much developed, or simple and small. The mouth is armed with
strong denticulated maxille.

This group may be divided into two families, Eunicrpm and
ONUPHIDID.

Family I. EUNICIDA.

The species of this family are characterized by the head being
distinctly two. or four-lobed, by the presence of two eyes, and the
possession of five long and filiform organs generally described as

3842 DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA.

antenne or tentacles. One of these is single, placed in the cen-
tre, and, following the terminology adopted to distinguish these
organs in the Aphroditacea, may be described as the tentacle ;
two are intermediate, the antenne; and two external, the palpi.
Feet armed with simple and compound sete ; usually with one or
two spines (acicule) and one or two forcipate sete or hooklets
(uncini). Branchie generally pectinated and well developed.
To this family belong only two genera, Hunice and Marphysa.

Genus I. Eunice.

Head two- or four-lobed. Buccal segment carrying on its dorsal
side two rather short tentacular cirri of the same structure as the
tentacle and antenne. Simple sete, in most of the species, of two
kinds :—one long, flagelliform, sometimes lanceolate or limbate,
and always acutely pointed (s¢mple) ; the other slender, but ter-
minating in a broad head, which is surmounted by a series of small
teeth, like the teeth of a comb (pectinate sete). The compound
sete have the appendage short, falciform, and toothed on its in-
ternal edge. The spines (acicule) are generally stout, dark-
coloured, and obtuse. The hooklets (wncznz) are, in the greater
number of instances, terminated, as it were, with two teeth like
those of a forceps (forcipate).

The species are rather numerous, forty-five having been enume-
rated by M. Quatrefages. Of these, unfortunately, the Museum
possesses only a few. Several new species, however, occur, which,
after a short notice of those contained in our collection, I shall
briefly describe. I shall arrange those which I have been able to
examine, according to the different appearance of the uncini or
hooklets of the feet. Perhaps they may be worthy of separate
generic denominations.

I. Species in which no uncini or hooklets are present.

This division is perhaps equivalent to the genus Hunice as
restricted by Malmgren.

II. Species in which uncini are present, but are not forcipate
at the apex.
III. Species which possess uncini forcipate at the apex.

These two divisions may be equal to the genus Leodoce of Savigny

as restricted by Malmgren.

N.B. All the species mentioned here are in the British
Museum.

DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA. 343

I. Species which do not possess uncini. ?=Eunice restricted.

_ Sp. 1. Eunice aPHRopITo!s.
' Nereis aphroditois, Pallas, 1788.

Terebella aphroditois, Gmelin, 1789.

Eunice gigantea, Cuvier, 1817?, Grube, Quatrefages, &c.

Nereidonta aphroditois, Blainville.

Leodoce gigantea, Savigny.

There appears to be some confusion with regard to the synonymy
of this species. Quatrefages adopts the name of gigantea, and
quotes, as the type of it, the Nereis gigantea of Linnezus. Refer-
ring, however, to the‘ Systema Nature,’ we find Linnzus quoting,
as the type of his species, the Millepoda marina Amboinensis of
Seba, ‘Thesaurus,’ tab. 81. fig. 7, which, as Savigny has already
shown, and which, as I have mentioned in my previous paper on
the Amphinomacea (vide ‘ Proceedings of Linnean Society’ for
1868, vol. x. p. 219), is in reality the Amphinome carunculata of
Palas

Cuvier, in his first edition of the ‘ Régne Animal,’ named the
present species Hunice gigantea ; but Pallas had long anteriorly de-
scribed and figured it under the denomination of Nereis aphro-
ditois. Quatrefages describes a new species under the name of
Eunice Roussei; but this I consider to be identical with the
aphroditois. He quotes Cuvier’s gigantea for both; and indeed it
would appear that his chief reason for making ¢wo species is the
difference of their habitat, the one being a native of the Atlantic
Ocean and the West Indies, whilst the other is from the Indian
Seas, Isle of France, &c. We have avariety of specimens of what
I consider to be the true aphroditois, from Australia and Van
Diemen’s Land, so that in all probability this species is to be
found in various parts of the world.

The head-lobes in all our specimens are four in number. Qua-
trefages says of his species HL. gigantea=aphroditois, “ Caput quasi
sex-lobatum.” Savigny expressly says of his Leodoce gigantea,
“téte a quatre lobes.”

This is one of the longest of known Annelides, one specimen we
possess in the British-Museum collection being 41 inches, or
nearly 33 feet long.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land, Freemantle, W. Australia, New
Holland, Mus. Brit.; Indian Seas, Isle of France, Quatrefages
( gigantea) ; Atlantic Ocean, West Indies, Quatrefages (Roussei).

344, DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA.

Sp. 2. Eunice Esy1, Baird.

Body about 43 inches long, and consisting of about 120 seg-
ments. Head with two lobes, which are round and very promi-
nent. Tentacle, antenne, and palpi moniliform, of considerable
length. Tentacle longer than antenna, being equal in this respect
to the transverse diameter of the first seven segments. Tentacular
cirri moniliform also, and about equal in length to the transverse
breadth of the buccal segment. This segment is equal to the
transverse breadth of the four succeeding segments, and has its
ventral margin not crenated, but cleft by two short incisions in
the centre. Branchiz commencing on the sixth foot; pectinations
or branchlets at first only three or four, increasing in number in
the succeeding segments to eighteen. Dorsal cirri moniliform,
rather long and finely pointed. Ventral cirri short and conical.
Anal cirri moniliform, of moderate length.

Feet :—Simple set long, filiform, and acutely pointed. Pec-
tinate setee, with numerous fine pectinations or teeth, the outer
one at both sides being a little longer than the others. The com-
pound sete have the shaft rather short and stout, and the falci-
form appendage bluntly toothed, the teeth being rather obtuse.
Acicule two, strong, dark-coloured, and bluntly pointed. No
uncini or hooklets visible.

Hab. North Australia, H/sey.

Sp. 38. HunickE MapEIRENSIS, Baird.
=? Eunice adriatica, Schmarda, Neue wirbellose Thiere, i. p. 124, tab. 32.
fig. 257.

Body convex dorsally, flat ventrally, with a furrow running
down the centre, wrinkled throughout. Our specimens are im-
perfect at the caudal extremity; but they consist of about 286 ~
segments, and are about 5 inches long. Head with two lobes.
Buccal segment and portion to which the tentacular cirri are at-
tached equal in length to the transverse diameter of the four suc-
ceeding segments ; its yentral margin smooth, not crenated, and
straight-edged. Tentacle, antennex, and palpirather short. Ten-
tacle longer than antenne, indistinctly moniliform. Tentacular
cirri short, not jointed, and not equal to the transverse diameter
of the buccal segment. Dorsal cirri rather long and slender,
ventral cirri short and conical. Branchie not commencing till
near the 200th segment, and consisting of only one moderately
long filament.

DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA. 845

Feet :—Simple sete long, lanceolate, finely toothed or serrated
on the inner margins and acutely pointed. Compound setz long,
but rather shorter than the simple set; falciform appendages
with two small teeth, one a little below the apex, the other a
little lower down. Spines or acicule three in number, all straight
and blunt-pointed. Neither pectinate sete nor uncini were
visible.

Hab. Madeira.

This species approaches so closely to the LZ. adriatica of Schmarda
that I can scarcely separate the two. The only marked differences
are the structure of the compound set and the habitat. In adri-
atica the falciform appendage is, as it were, forcipate or bifid at the
apex, whereas in this species (madeirensis) it is as in most of the
other known species, bidentate, one tooth just below the apex,
the other lower down. In both species the pectinate sete and
uncini appear to be absent.

II. Species in which the wncini are only curved at the extremity,
not forcipate or hooked. ?=Leodoce, Savigny, as restricted.

Sp. 4. Eunice NORVEGICA.

Nereis norvegica, Linneus, Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 1086.

Nereis pennata, Miller, Zool. Dan. i. 30, tab. 29. figs. 4-7.

Nereis pinnata, Miiller, 1. c. tab. 29. figs. 1-3.

Eunice norvegica, Cuvier, Regn. Anim. iii. 100; Aud. § M.-Edwards;

Grube et auctor. var.
Leodoce norwegica, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 51; Lamk. An. s.
Vert. 2nd edit. tom. v. p. 562.

Leodoce norvegica, Malmgren, Ann. Polycheta Spetsberg. Sc. p. 64.

Nereidonta norvegica, Blainville, Dict. des Sc. Nat. art. Vers.

Nereidonta pinnata, Blainville, 1. c.

Eunice norwegica, Quatrefages, Hist. des Annelés, i. 324.

Eunice pinnata, Quatrefages, 1. c. 325.

In this species the simple sete, the pectinate sets, and the com-
pound setz are present. The spines or acicule are two in num-
ber; and there is only one uncinus or hooklet. This is shorter
than the spines, more slender, more sharply pointed, and curved
but not forcipate at the apex.

Hab. Our specimens are from Bohuslain, Sweden.

Sp. 5. EUNICE TENTACULATA.
Eunice tentaculata, Valenc. MS.; Quatrefages, Hist. Ann. i. 317.
Not Eunice tentaculata, Kinberg, Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, tab. 15. f. 13.

346 DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land (Mus. Brit.) ; Port Western, Qua-
trefages.

In this species simple sete, pectinate sete, and compound sete
are present. The spines or acicule are two; but there is only one
uncinus, which is similar in form to the spines, is strongly curved
and not forcipate at the apex.

III. Species in which the uncini are foreipate at the apex.
=? Leodoce, Savigny, as restricted.
Sp. 6. EUNICE ANTENNATA.
Leodice antennata, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 50.
Eunice antennata, Cuvier, Audouin § M.-Edwards, Grube, Sc.

Hab. Cosseir, Red Sea.

Sp. 6*. Eunice ANNULICORNIS.

Eunice annulicornis, Johnston, Cat. of Non-parasitical Worms, p. 131.

Leodoce annulicornis, Spinola, MS. ?

This species was described by Dr. Johnston from a specimen
contained in the collection of the British Museum. It was named
Leodoce annulicornis in our collection—a specific name which
Johnston adopted. The label was marked “ Spinola,” and it was
erroneously considered by Dr. J. that that name was the habitat
whence it came. It is in reality the #. annulicornis of Maximi-
lian Spinola, but, I believe, only a MS. name ; and its native habi-
tat may probably be the Gulf of Genoa. The simple sete are
long, lanceolate flagelliform, and long and acutely pointed. Pecti-
nate set long, slender, the outermost tooth of the pectinated head
being much elongated beyond the others and straight. Compound
setze with the shaft stout, broadly triangular at the apex, where the
appendage is fixed, and striated; falciform appendage bidentate,
teeth rather small. Acicule two or three; on the upper feet there
appear to be three, and no uncini. On the lower feet there appear
to be only one acicula and one uncinus, which is curved in its
length, and has the apex merely emarginate and not forcipate.

In this species the three kinds of sete are present—simple, pec-
tinate, and compound. The spines or acicule are two in number ;
but there is only one uncinus, nearly equal in size to the acicule,
and forcipate at the apex.

Sp. 7. Eunroe Harasstt.
Eunice Harassii, Audouin §& M.-Edwards, Litt. de la France, ii. 151,
tab. 3. figs. 5-7, 10, & 11; Cuvier, Grube, Quatrefages, Sc.
Hab. Southern shores of England (Mus. Brit.) ; Coast of Nor-
mandy, &e., Quatrefages.

DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA. 347

There is only one uncinus, curved and forcipate at the apex.
The set and spines are all present as in the preceding species.

Sp. 8. Eunice Macrocu#ra?

Eunice macrocheta? Schmarda, Neue wirb. Thiere, i. 128, fig. xylogr.

app.

Hab. In holes of coral rocks in Jamaica.

In this species, which I consider to be identical with the Eunice
macrocheta of Schmarda, the three kinds of sete, simple, pecti-
nate, and compound, are present. There is only one spine, which
is strong, straight, and club-shaped at the apex, and one uncinus,
which is strongly forcipate.

Sp. 9. Eunice Quoyra P

? Eunice Quoya, Valenc. MS., Quatrefages, I. c. p. 318.

Hab. North Australia, Elsey.

The specimen we possess is in such bad condition that I can
only refer it with doubt to the species described by Quatrefages.
The falciform appendage of the compound setz is slender and
destitute of teeth. There is only one spine, but two uncini,
which are smaller and lighter-coloured than the spine, curved and
forcipate at the apex.

Sp. 10. Eunicz Fisrensis, Baird.

Body slender, segments about ninety-eight in number. Branchize
commence upon the seventh foot-bearing segment. The sete of
the feet are not numerous. The simple sete are rather broadly
lanceolate and very sharp-pointed. Pectinate setz appear to be
absent altogether. The compound sete have the falciform ap-
pendage bidentate at the apex. There are two spines or aciculz,
which are stout, swollen in the middle of their length, and slightly
curved at the point. Only one uncinus or hooklet is present,
which is strongly and distinctly tridentate at the apex, and has
the shaft curved. It approaches somewhat to the Eunice gracilis
of Grube, from Tahiti.

Hab. Fiji Islands (Mus. Brit.).

Sp. 11. Euntce Woopwarpt, Baird.

=? Leodoce hispanica, Savigny, Syst. des Annél. p. 51.

Body cylindrical, smooth, of a light iridescent colour, about
13 inch long. Head with two lobes. Buccal segment rather
narrow, not much broader than the following segment. Tentacle,
antenne, and palpi rather long, ringed with black marks, but not
jointed or moniliform. Tentacle longer than antenne. Tenta-

LINN. PROC.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X. 24

348 DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA.

cular cirri short, a little longer than the transverse diameter of
the buccal segment. Dorsal cirri rather long. Ventral cirri
short and conical. Branchis commencing about the third seg-
ment; pectinations filiform.

Feet :—Simple sete long, lanceolate, acutely pointed, and finely
toothed or serrated on the inner edge or margin for a part of
their length. Pectinate sete small, apparently few in number,
and with few pectinations or teeth. Compound setz short, about
half the length of the others; falciform appendage with a sharp
tooth just beneath the apex, and a blunter one nearer the lower
portion. Acicule or spines two, slightly curved, dark-coloured
and blunt-pointed. Uncini or hooklets several in number, but
varying from two to five, curved and tridentate at the apex, lying
across the aciculz.

Hab. Corunna, H. Woodward.

Sp. 12. Eunrce anrarorica, Baird.

?=Eunice havaica, Kinberg, Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, tab. 15. figs. 14 b-g.

Body slender, of a dark wneous colour, and consisting of from
115 to 120 segments. Buccal segment scarcely equal to the two
succeeding ones. Head with two lobes. Tentacle, antenne, and
palpi articulated. Tentacle longer than antenne. Tentacular
cirri longer than the transverse diameter of the buccal segment,
and articulated. The lobe or segment from which they spring is
of about the same breadth as the succeeding segment. Branchize
small, commencing about the eighth pair of feet, and terminating
about the thirty-eighth segment. Anal cirri of considerable length,
indistinctly articulated. Dorsal cirrislender. Ventral cirri stout,
conical, not so long as the dorsal, but much stronger.

Feet rather small. Simple setz long, flagelliform and sharp-
pointed. Pectinate sete few in number, rather small, with the
outer tooth longer and stronger than the others. Compound
setze short ; falciform appendage small, with a small sharp tooth
a little below the apex. Spines or acicule two, slightly curved
and obtusely pointed. Uncini or hooklets two, curved, and forci-
pate at apex.

Hab. Antarctic Seas, Antarctic Expedition.

Sp. 13. Eunice pricata, Baird.

Body cylindrical, tapering towards the inferior extremity, from
2 to 8 inches long, and consisting of about 130 short or nar-
row articulations. Buccal segment nearly equal to the four suc-
ceeding articulations, with the ventral margin prominent, stand-

DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA. 849

ing high up, and separated as it were from the upper lobe, which
is not crenated but plicated on both upper and lower margins
with numerous small plaits running down the ventral side of the
segment. Tentacle, antenne, and palpi indistinctly articulated,
rather short, and ringed at intervals with dark bands. Tentacular
cirri not equal in length to the transverse diameter of the buccal
segment. The branchiz commence about the seventh segment ;
pectinations few throughout, about five in number. Dorsal cirri
stout but not long. Ventral cirri short and conical. Anal cirri
ringed with dark rings.

Feet:—Simple sete numerous, lanceolate, very long and very
finely pointed. Pectinate sete few in number; pectinations or
teeth numerous, and, as it were, double, one row beneath an-
other, the outermost tooth on each side being the longest and
strongest. Compound sete shorter than the simple sete; fal-
ciform appendage bidentate; one tooth sharp and prominent, a
little below the apex, the other blunt and near the lower part.
Spines or acicule appear to be three in number; two dark-coloured,
stout, straight, blunt-pointed, and rather long; a third shorter,
lighter-coloured, and obtuse at extremity. One uncinus only, of
considerable length, curved, and forcipate at the apex.

Hab. Freemantle, Australia, Dr. Bowerbank.

Sp. 14. Euntce BowerBanxt, Baird.

Body stout, tapering towards the lower extremity, and consist-
ing of about 140 articulations. Buccal segment broad, nearly
equal in length to the transverse diameter of the first three seg-
ments of the body. Whole body of a metallic lustre. Tentacle, an-
tenn, and palpi rather short, moniliform. Tentacle and antennz
of nearly equal length. Tentacular cirri articulated, equal in
length to the transverse diameter of the buccal segment. Ventral
margin of the buccal segment not crenate. The branchize com-
mence on the fifth segment, quickly arrive at the maximum num-
ber of pectinations, soon decrease in size, but continue to be pre-
sent till near the extremity. Dorsal cirri short, stout, articulated.
Ventral cirri short and stout.

Feet :—Sete unusually long. Simple setz long and very sharp-
pointed. Pectinate sete with rather numerous pectinations, the
outside tooth prolonged and slightly curved inwards. The com-
pound set have the falciform appendage strongly bidentate; one
tooth (as usual) under the apex, the other on the lower portion.

24*

850 DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA.

The spines or acicule are two, long, straight, or only slightly
curved at the apex, one being shorter than the other. There is
only one uncinus or hooklet, which is shorter than the spines,
curved, club-shaped at apex, and indistinctly forcipate.

Hab. Australia, Dr. Bowerbank.

Sp. 15. Eunicn eurrara, Baird.

Body broad, flat, except near the anterior extremity, which is
somewhat cylindrical, very gradually tapering towards the tail,
and consisting of about 120 very narrow segments. Length
nearly two inches, breadth about the centre of the body 23 lines.
Along the lower portion of the body the back is marked with
several large dark spots. Tentacle, antenne, and palpi not arti-
culated, and moderately long. Tentacular cirri very short. Head
indistinctly four-lobed. Buccal segment about equal to the
breadth of the four succeeding segments. Ventral margin of
buccal segment swollen and crenate. The branchize commence at
the sixth segment, and are small and dark-coloured ; pectinations
about the centre of the body, ten in number. Dorsal cirri rather
large.

Feet small. Simple setz lanceolate and finely pointed. Pec-
tinate sete finely toothed, the external tooth longer than the
others. Compound sete stout, and broad at the summit of the
shaft ; falciform appendage rather stout, curved at the apex, and
with only one tooth, which is a little below the apex. Spines
or acicule three in number—two long and stout, dark-coloured,
and blunt at the point, the third much smaller but of exactly
the same form. Uncini or hooklets two, lighter-coloured than
the spines, curved, and sharply forcipate.

Hab. Taken between Bombay and Singapore.

Sp. 16. Eunice narcont, Baird.

Body slender, nearly 2 inches long, and consisting of about 120
segments. Head with two prominent lobes. Buccal segment
about equal to the three succeeding, the articulation from which
the tentacular cirri spring being of itself equal in size to the first
segment of body. Ventral margin of buccal segment not crenated.
Tentacle, antennez, and palpi inconspicuously articulated. Ten-
tacle longer than the antenne and palpi, which are all of about
equallength. Tentacular cirri longer than the transverse diameter
of the buccal segment. Dorsal cirri of moderate length, conical.
Ventral cirri short. Branchie very small, commencing on the
twelfth segment.

DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA. 351

Feet :—Simple sete long, fine and acutely pointed. Pectinate
sete few in number and small. Compound sete only half the
length of the simple sete; falciform appendage small, with only
one small tooth under the apex. There are two spines or acicule,
light-coloured and slightly curved at the apex, which is obtuse,
and only one uncinus or hooklet, which is light-coloured also,
curved, and forcipate at the apex.

Hab. Island of Narcon, Antarctic Seas, Antarctic Expedition.

Sp. 17. Eunice Guripinet, Baird.

Body about 53 inches long, tapering very much towards the tail,
which portion of the body is quite cylindrical. Convex dorsally,
fiattish ventrally for about half its length.. The anterior por-
tion of the body is about 3 lines in breadth, and the posterior
only about 1. Body of a dark rufous colour, with very little iri-
descence. Head with two lobes. Buccal segment about equal to
the two next succeeding. Ventral margin of buccal segment not
crenate. Tentacle, antennez, and palpi short, rather thick, and
indistinctly moniliform ; tentacle a little longer than antenne.
Tentacular cirri about equal to the breadth of the buccal segment.
Dorsal cirri very indistinctly articulated, of moderate length.
Ventral cirri very short. Branchize commencing at about the fifth
pair of feet, rapidly attaining their greatest development, but
quickly afterwards diminishing in number of pectinations, and at
about half the length of the body disappearing altogether.

Feet :—Simple setz long, lanceolate, finely denticulate or ser-
rate at one side for half their length, and acutely pointed. Pec-
tinate sete broad at the apex, but the pectinations or teeth not
very distinct, outermost one most prominent ; these sete are of
unequal size, some being much smaller than the others.. Com-
pound sete with the falciform appendage strongly and sharply
bidentate, one tooth a little below the apex, the other nearer the
lower portion. There is only one spine, which is straight, dark-
coloured, and obtusely pointed, and only one uncinus or eae!
which is curved and indistinctly forcipate at apex.

Hab. St. Vincent’s, West Indies, Guilding.

Genus II. Marpuysa.
Leodoce marphyse, Savigny, l.c., Grube, Se.
Eunice (sp.), Cuvier, Audouin § M.-Edwards, &c.
Marphysa, Quatrefages.
Head with or without lobes. No tentacular cirri on back of

352 DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA.

buccal segment. Eyes, tentacle, antenne, palpi, and branchiz as
in Lunice. Compound sete having the falciform appendage fre-
quently long and without teeth on its edge.

Sp. 1. Marprysa SANGUINEA.

Nereis sanguinea, Montagu, Linn. Trans. xi. 20. t. 3. f. 1.

Leodoce opalina, Savigny, 1. c.

Nereidonta sanguinea, Blainville, Dict. Sc. Nat.

Eunice sanguinea, Cuvier, Audouin & M.-Edwards, Grube, &c.

Marphysa sanguinea, Quatrefages, l.c.

In this species, which has been the object of much and careful
investigation by M. Quatrefages, and which is not uncommon on
our southern coasts, the simple sete of the feet are long, nar-
rowly lanceolate, with a much elongated and acute point. The
pectinate sete are of two kinds :—one slender, broad at the apex,
finely pectinate, like the teeth of a small-tooth comb, and having
the outermost longer and stronger than the others; the other
coarser, shorter, and having the teeth much stronger and fewer in
number, like those of a large-tooth comb.- Compound sete rather
slender, with the falciform appendage long, slender, and termi-
nating in a sharp point, which is straight, and not toothed on the
edge. The acicule are four or five in number in the upper feet,
three in those of the middle third, and only two in the feet of the
lower third of the body: one of these is generally smaller than
the others and of a lighter colour, as if it were taking the place
of the uncini; but, like the acicule, they are nearly straight, obtuse
at the point, and not forcipate. The pectinate sete, of both
kinds, are much more numerous in the feet of the lower third of
the body ; and the compound sete become fewer and more slender.

Hab. South coast of England, Falmouth, South Devon, and
Polperro, coast of Cornwall (Mus. Brit.) ; coast of France, Qua-
trefages.

In our own collection at the British Museum we have from
Polperro a small Annelid which is either a young one or a small
variety of the JZ. sanguinea. The only differences I can observe
are, its being much more slender in all its proportions, and the
acicule being only three in the feet of the upper third, and only
one in the middle and lower third of the body, while there is a dis-
tinct uncinus, somewhat curved and slightly forcipate at the apex.

Sp. 2. Marruysa Parisur, Baird.
Body about 32 inches long, composed of about 350 segments,

DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA. 31573)

of a dark eneous colour throughout, and iridescent. Head small,
with two comparatively large lobes. Labrum crenulated. Buc-
cal segment equal in size to the three succeeding ones. Tentacle,
antenne, and palpi annulated, short, not much longer than just
to reach beyond the margin of the head; all of them of about
equal length. Body narrower at the two extremities ; anteriorly
it is so only for a short distance, about the first seven segments,
then becoming broad for a short distance, and again contracting
as it descends posteriorly. The first six or eight of the anterior
segments are wide, then they become narrow, and the breadth of
the body becomes greater till about the 60th segment, when
they again begin to increase in width, while the body itself begins
to decrease in breadth. This continues till they approach the
tail, when the thirty or forty last segments again become narrower.
The tail appears to be destitute of caudal cirri. The branchize
are pectinate, though they do not appear to exceed five or six
filaments in number; they commence about the 24th segment,
and continue till near the lower extremity.

Feet :—On the 24th pair the sete are of two kinds only; they
are numerous and long. The simple sete are curved and flagel-
liform, or elongate-lanceolate. The compound sete are slender ;
the falciform appendage is long and slender, finely pointed, with-
out teeth, having exactly the appearance of a long slender bayonet.
There are four strong and black-coloured acicule, blunt-pointed,
and a fifth not quite so strong or long as the others (? takes the
place of the uncinus). About the 60th foot or thereabouts there
appear to be only the four acicule; and two of these are not so
obtuse at the point as the others; the setz are exactly similar
to those of the anterior feet. In the feet of the lower portion of
the middle third of the body, the simple setz are precisely the same
as those above: the acicule are only two, dark and blunt-pointed ;
but two others accompany them, of a much lighter colour, not so
strong, and slightly curved at the apex. Pectinate sete appear
now; they are of two kinds, one slender, with the head broad
and a number of very fine teeth, the other coarser, the head
slightly oblique, and the teeth strong and reduced to the number
of from four to six, resembling very much in appearance a five-
short-pronged silver fork.

Hab. Brazil, Capt. John Parish, RN.

NV.B. These are the only species of this genus the British
Museum at present possesses. The described species are not
very numerous, Quatrefages enumerating only nine.

354 DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA.

Family Il. ONUPHIDIDA. ©

Onuphidide, Malmgren, Annulat. Polycheta Spetsberg. &c. 1867.

Head with lobes as in Eunicide, furnished with seven organs
usually described as antenne or tentacula. Two spring from the
front of the head, and are very short (antennules). The remain-
ing five are as in Hunicidew. Tentacular cirri generally present,
sometimes wanting. Branchie pectinated or plumose—or simple,
consisting of only one filament. Eyes two. Maxille as in
Eunicide.

To this family may be referred five genera, four of which have
already been described, which may be thus characterized :—

I. Onvruts, Audouin §& M.-Edwards. Branchie pectinate.
Tentacular cirri placed laterally on buccal segment. ‘Tentacle,
antenne, and palpi annulated more or less throughout their whole
length.

II. Dioparra, Audouin & M-Edwards. Branchie plumose,
the branchlets disposed in a spiral tuft round a central stalk.
Tentacular cirri placed on the dorsal portion of the buccal seg-
ment. Tentacle, antennz, and palpi strongly annulated at the
inferior or basal portion only.

III. Traportra (gen. nov.). Branchiz pectinate. Tentacular
cirri placed on dorsal part of buccal segment. Tentacle, antenne,
and palpi strongly annulated on the lower or basal portion.

IV. Norurta, Johnston (Malmgren). Branchiz bipartite only.
Tentacular cirri placed on the dorsal portion of buccal segment.
Tentacle, antenne, and palpi simple, not annulated on any por-
tion of their length.

V. Hyatrnacra, Malmgren. Branchie reduced to a simple
branchial filament. No tentacular cirri. Tentacle, antenne, and
palpi annulated at the inferior or basal portion.

Genus I, Onupuis, Audouin & M.-Edwards, Litt. de la France,
i. 151, t. 8a. figs. 1-5; Malmgren.

We have no specimens belonging to this genus in the British-
Museum collection.

Genus II. Droparra, Audouin §° M.-Edwards, l.c.155; Kinberg,
Malingren, Se.

Branchize plumose, not pectinate, but consisting of a tuft of
many short filaments rolled in a spiral form round a central stalk.

DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA. 359

Tentacular cirri of moderate length, arising from under the dorsal
edge of buccal segment. Tentacle, antenne, and palpi strongly
annulated on the lower portion or root, which is of considerable
length.

Sp. 1. DiopatTRA AMBOINENSIS.
Diopatra amboinensis, Audouin § M.-Edwards, Litt. de la France, ii.
156, tab. 3a. figs. 6-8; Grube, Quatrefages, &c.

In this species, of which we possess only one specimen, the
simple sete of the feet are of two kinds—one shorter than the
other, slightly elbowed near the point, which is very acute, the
other much longer, lanceolate, and indistinctly or very minutely
serrate on the margins. Pectinate sete numerous, the broad
head on which the teeth are placed, with its pectinations, being
disposed obliquely. There appear to be two uncini or hooklets
to each foot, of a stout form, and forcipate at extremity, but no
aciculee.

Hab. Amboina, M.-Edwards. (No habitat to our specimen.)

Genus III. Trapopta, Baird.

Branchie pectinated. Tentacular cirri placed on dorsal part
of buccal segment. Tentacle, antennz, and palpi strongly annu-
lated on inferior or basal portion, which is more than half the
length of the whole organ.

Sp. 1. Trapopra Macurata, Baird.

Body about 8 inches long, narrow, tapering gradually to the
tail. Rather flat on dorsal surface, and somewhat convex ante-
riorly on the ventral surface. Head rather small. Antennules
very short. Tentacle, antenne, and palpi very different from
each other in length: tentacle and antennz short, of about equal
length; palpi long, nearly double the length of the antenne.
These organs are all finely and closely annulated on the basal por-
tion, which is marked anteriorly with a row of dark spots through-
out its whole length, are rather thick, and at least double the
length of the anterior or terminal portion, which is short, smooth,
and filiform. The tentacular cirri are short and slender, placed
‘ on dorsal portion of the buccal segment. The anterior feet are pro-
minent and project upwards. The branchie are pectinate, com-
mencing on the first foot, at first consisting only of two branchlets
or filaments, but after the third or fourth becoming more pecti-
nate. The tail terminates in two rather short cirri.

356 DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA.

Anterior feet with the fascicle of bristles all simple, lanceolate,
some, however, nearly double the length of the others; and in
these feet no forcipate uncini, nor pectinate sets, nor acicule are
to be seen. In the feet, however, of the upper third of the body
the pectinate sete and the forcipate uncini make their appearance,
the pectinate sete with the head straight, and all the teeth or pec-
tinations on the same plane, the forcipate uncini as in Nothria
and Onuphis, while the simple sete become more broadly lanceo-
late and limbate. The branchie on this part of the body consist
of numerous branchlets or filaments, two stout branches at first
being given off, which very shortly divide again into others, which
again divide till there are about twenty filaments or branchlets.
The main stems of these branchie are beautifully edged with
blunt, round-pointed cirri; and all the branchlets or filaments ap-
pear as if beaded on their margins. The posterior feet retain the
pectinate sete and uncini; but the branchiz are reduced (as in the
first two or three feet) to two simple filaments.

Hab, Madras, F. Day, Esq.

Genus IV. Nornrta, Johnston (s. str. Malmgren).

Branchiz bipartite. Tentacular cirri placed on the dorsal part of
the buccal segment. Tentacle, antenne, and palpi simple, not
annulated on any portion of their length.

Sp. 1. Normrra cONCHYLEGA.

Onuphis conchylega, Sars, Beskr. og Jaktt. p. 61, tab. 10. f. 28a-c.

Onuphis Eschrichti, Girsted. Groenl. Ann. Dors. 20, tab. 3. f. 33-41

& 45.

Diopatra Eschrichti, Grube, Fam. Ann. 43; Quatrefages.

Northia conchylega, Johnston, Cat. Non.-Parasit. Worms, 138.

Nothria *conchylega, Malmgren, Ann. Polych. Spetsberg. 66.

Hab. Coralline region, British coast, Berwick Bay (Dr. John-
ston); Shetland Islands (J. Gwyn Jeffreys); South Devon (J.
Cranch) ; North Seas (Zalmqren).

Genus V. Hyatinacra, Malmgren, Ann. Polych. Spetsberg. 67.
Northia, Johnston, Cat. Brit. Worms.
Branchize reduced to one simple branchial filament. No ten-

* For some critical remarks on the genus No¢hria, see at the end of genus
Hyalinecia following.

DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA. 357

tacular cirri. Tentacle, antenne, and palpi annulated at the in-
ferior or basal portion.

Sp. 1. HyaLine@cra TUBICOLA.

Nereis tubicola, Miiller, Zool. Dan. i. 18, tab. 18. f. 1-6.

Leodoce tubicola, Savigny, Syst. des Annél. 383.

Onuphis tubicola, Sars, Beskr. og Jaktt. 48; Quatrefages.

Northia tubicola, Johnston, Cat. Non.-Parasit. Worms, 136.

Hyalincecia tubicola, Malmgren, 1. c. 67.

Hab. Shores of Great Britain, Scotland, South Devon, Corn-
wall, &e. (Brit. Mus.); Asia Minor (McAndrew); North Sea
(Malmgren).

As there seems to be some little obscurity about this species, I
shall first describe the animal as it occurs in such specimens as
we possess, and afterwards make a few critical remarks as to its
name and position.

The body of the animal is generally about 24 inches long. The
tube which it inhabits, and which is horny, cylindrical, and exactly
like the barrel of a small quiil pen, is about 33 inches long. The
head presents the appearance, on the buccal surface, of two lobes,
as in Eunice. The antennules are very short, rounded-oval, and
are attached to the front of the apex of the cephalic segment. The
tentacle is longer than the antenne or palpi, and is annulated at
the base. The antennez, which spring from the head-lobe along
with the tentacle, are of the same form as this organ, but a little
shorter. The palpi spring from the side of the cephalic segment,
and are still shorter than the antenne. All these organs are an-
nulated at the base, but do not appear to be jointed throughout
their length. The eyes are two in number. The jaws are in
three pairs—one pair curved, simple, a second strong and armed
with twelve strong denticulations; the third pair are denticulated
also, and armed with about six denticles. The two or three up-
permost or most anterior of the feet are prominent, have a large
setiferous tubercle with three cirri implanted on its surface, and
project straight upwards. On the succeeding feet the ventral
cirrus soon disappears, leaving only in its stead a round tubercle.
The dorsal cirrus on the lower half of the body is long, lying on
the back, and takes the place of a branchial organ of only one
filament.

Feet :—Sete of two kinds only, simple and pectinate. Simple
setee longy lanceolate, flattened or broadly limbate towards the
upper half, and finely pointed. Pectinate sete rather long; pec-

308 DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA.

tinations or teeth rather numerous, all on the same plane and
equal in size; they vary in number, there being sometimes as
many as ten in one fascicle. No compound sete. Acicule or
spines two to each foot on the middle or lower part of the body
only, straight and very sharp-pointed. These spines are not round
like those in the Eunicide, but are flat and more like simple sete,
taking the place of acicule. Uncini or hooklets generally two in
number, a little shorter than the acicule, more cylindrical, and
forcipate or bidentate at the apex.

Sp. 2. Hyanmnacra BrnineEata, Baird.

Animal slender and narrow, gradually diminishing in size
towards the tail, convex dorsally, and marked with two longitu-
dinal reddish-coloured lines, which run throughout the whole
length, one on each side. A small dark-red spot occurs between
each foot. The organs attached to the head, antennules, tenta-
cle, antenne, and palpi, are very similar to those of tubicola; and
the feet are furnished with only the same kinds of sete as in
that species. The simple sete, however, are linear-lanceolate, not
limbate or broadly lanceolate in the upper third as in ¢wbicola.
Dorsal and ventral cirri occur on the two upper thirds of the
body.

These sete and cirri vary considerably according to their situa-
tion. In the anterior pairs of feet there are no uncini or hooklets ;
but instead of them are two sete very like the compound sete of
Eunice, only the falciform appendage (which is bidentate near the
apex) is as it were soldered to the shaft and not moveable. To-
wards the middle of the body these compound-looking setze dis-
appear, and their place is taken by two regular forcipate uncini,
as in tubicola. The shaft, however, is much curved, and it is by
far the stoutest of all the sete of the feet. On the lower portion
of the body the simple setz are of two kinds—one, three or four in
number, being straight, stout, and very sharp-pomted, more like
sharp-pointed acicule than sete (are they acicule ?), the others
of the usual form, linear-lanceolate, about half the size of the
others.

The cirri appear to be three in number on the segments of the
upper third of the body. One of these is longer than the two
others, and may be considered the branchial filament. About the
middle third of the body this branchial filament disappears, only
the two cirri being present. On the lower third of the body one

DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA. 359

of these cirri also disappears, one cirrus only remaining. Tail-
cirri two in number.

The tube in which the worm lives is pellucid, soft, of a thin
horny texture, and appears fitted closely to the body of the animal,
wrapping it tightly around.

This species is much narrower and more slender than twbicola,
and is altogether much smaller. The two longitudinal red lines
running along its back are very distinct and characteristic.
The cirri maintain the number of three for about a third of the
length of the body, instead of only on three or four of the anterior
feet ; and the tube is very different from that of twbicola. _

Hab. Off the coast of Cornwall, at a depth of from 20 to 40
fathoms water (Laughrin, Mus. Brit.).

Sp. 3. Hyarrnacra varrans, Baird.

Worm about an inch in length, slender, of a slightly metallic
lustre throughout. The tube is slender, cylindrical, about 13 inch
long, of a horny substance, and contains the animal freely in it.

The head is rather small, but the organs springing from it
are long. Antennules oval, springing from the anterior edge of
the head, broader and considerably longer than those in ¢ubicola.
Tentacle longer than any of the other organs. Antenne shorter
than tentacle, and palpi shorter than antenne. All these five
organs are closely annulated at their base, having a distinct joint
a little distance from the annulated portion, and being then indis-
tinetly jointed at distant intervals during their length.

The anterior feet are rather prominent, and the cirri implanted
upon them very short and small. The setiferous tubercle, giving
origin to the fascicle of sets, is placed between two large cirri in
the succeeding pairs of feet. Dorsal cirri, or branchial filaments, 011
the upper half of the body long, then suddenly becoming shorter as
they descend to the lower half. Setze of two kinds only, simple and
pectinate. Simple sete long, very sharp-pointed, of a lanceolate
form, and slightly curved, the flattened lanceolate portion being
near the apex. Pectinate setz rather long, with numerous pecti-
nations or teeth, all on one plane. No acicule or spines to be seen.
Uncini in general forcipate at the extremity. Tail furnished with
two rather long cirri.

This is the general appearance presented by this species. In
many points, however, there are variations from this normal struc-
ture. The sete of the feet vary much in number, the greater

360 DR. BAIRD ON SEVERAL GENERA OF EUNICEA.

number of both kinds (especially the pectinate sete) being
situated about the middle portion of the body. The two or three
anterior pairs of feet, and the two last pair, have the uncini or
hooklets changed into the appearance of the compound sete of
Eunice, the faleate appendage, however, being as it were sol-
dered to the shaft and small—distinctly bidentate, as in Hunice.
The uncini are generally two in number to each foot ; but ocea-
sionally there are three, and generally one is smaller than the
other. The caudal cirri show considerable variation also. In
general there are two ; but in one or two specimens examined there
were three distinct cirri, and in one specimen one of the two cirri
was divided, soon after it had sprung from the body, into two, or
became, as it were, dichotomous.

From this variableness of the different portions of the body I
have assigned to it its specific name.

Hab. St. Vincent’s, West Indies, LZ. Guilding.

The genus Hyalinecia of Malmgren was first established by
Dr. Johnston, in his ‘ Catalogue of. British Non-Parasitical Worms,’
in 1865, under the name of Worthia. Malmgren changes the
name Northia to Nothria, and derives it from the Greek word
vw0pos, piger (slow?). He says that Dr. Johnston must have
written it Morthia in a mistake, unless he derived it from the
word North, in the same way as Dr. Gray formed his genus
Fromia (in Echinoderms) from the English preposition from. I
suspect Dr. Johnston had no idea of deriving his genus Worthia
from the English word Worth (point of the compass), but that it
was intended as a compliment to a person of the name of North.

In 1847 Dr. Gray named a genus of Mollusca Northia, taking
as the type a species of Nassa (WV. Northia), and so called it in
honour of a person of the name of Worth. As this genus of Mol-
lusks takes precedence by far in point of time of Johnston’s genus
of Annelides, I think it advisable, though for a very different
reason from that given by Malmgren, to adopt this naturalist’s
correction, and for the future write the name Wothria. Johnston
takes the species Onuphis tubicola as the type of his genus Northia,
and gives as his chief reason for forming the genus (separating it
from Onuphis) the fact that the two species referred to it are
destitute of pectinate branchie, which exist in the species of the
genus Onuphis as adopted by Audouin and M.-Edwards, Grube,
&e. For the Northia tubicola of Johnston, Malmgren forms the
new genus Hyalinecia, while as the type of the genus Wothria he

MR. A. H. GREEN ON THE BEAVER. 361

adopts the second species of Johnston’s Worthia, the WN. conchy-
lega (Onuphis conchylega of Sars). But I cannot see why M.
Malmgren adopts Dr. Johnston’s genus and at the same time
refuses to accept the species ¢wbicola as the type. For my own
part, I should have preferred retaining the genus Wothria for the
species ¢wbicola, and should have wished M. Malmgren had con-
stituted a new genus for conchylega. The only generic difference
between the two species, as far as I can see, consists in the
presence of the two postoccipital cirri in conchylega, and their
absence in ¢ubicola. Johnston does not seem to have seen these
cirri in the specimens of conchylega which he examined; and
Sars, who originally described the species, takes no notice of them,
either in his description or his figures (see Sars, Beskriv. og
Jaktt. p. 61, tab. 10. fig. 28). Our British specimens of the
species are unfortunately imperfect, those from Berwick Bay (Dr.
Johnston’s own specimens) consisting of tubes only and one frag-
ment of the animal; while the specimens we possess from the sea
off the Shetland Islands, collected by Mr. Jeffreys, are equally
fragmentary, seven or eight specimens existing of the inferior half
of the animal only, not one having the head or anterior portion of
the body entire.

It is just possible, therefore, that the Worthia conchylega de-
scribed and figured by Sars and Johnston may turn out to be a
distinct species from that described by Cirsted, Grube, Malm-
eren, &c., which not only possesses the postoccipital cirri, but,
according to Cirsted’s figure and description of Onuphis Eschrichti
(considered to be synonymous with conchylega by Malmgren), has
also bipartite branchie.

On the Natural History and Hunting of the Beaver (Castor ca-
nadensis, Kuhl) on the Pacific Slope of the Rocky Moun-
tains, by AsHpown H. Green, Esq. With Supplementary
Notes by Rozert Brown, Esq., F.R.G.S. (Communicated
by James Morin, M.D., F.L.S.)

[Read November 5, 1868.]

I nave have been for three years almost constantly engaged in
trapping beavers, so that what remarks I may have to make on
their habits and history, though somewhat at variance with the

362 MR. A. H. GREEN ON THE BEAVER.

stereotyped notions prevalent in compilations, are yet the result
of my own independent observations.

About January their tracks may be seen in the snow near the
outlet of the lakes where young fir trees grow. At this time they
prefer young fir trees as food to any other kind of tree, the rea-
son, doubtless, being that at this period the sap has not risen in
the willow or alder (Alnus oregana). It is not often that females
are caught in the spring; and the males seem to travel about, as
the runs are not used so regularly as they are when the beavers
are living near.

Some of the beavers become torpid during January, especially
those living near lakes, swamps, or large sheets of water which
are frozen. They do not lay in astore of sticks for winter use as
stated by Capt. Bonville (Washington Irving’s ‘ Adventures of
Capt. Bonville’), as one day’s supply of sticks for a single beaver
would fill a house—and if a stick were cut in the autumn, before the
winter was over it would have lost its sap, and would not be
eaten by the beaver. A beaver never eats.the bark of a tree that
is dead, though he may gnaw a hard piece of wood to keep his
teeth down. A little grass is generally found in the houses, but
is used as a bed and not for food.

If February is an open month, the beavers begin to come out of
their retreats, and frequent any running water near them ; but it
is generally March before the bulk of them come out of
winter-quarters. When they come out they are lean; but their
furs are still good, and continue so till the middle of May—
though if a trapper thought of revisiting the place, he would not
trap after April, so as to allow them to breed quietly.

About the end of March the beaver begins to “call.” Both
males and females “ call’’ and answer one another. Sometimes
on one “calling,” half-a-dozen will answer from different parts of
the lake. I have known beavers to “call” as late as August.
Males fight during the rutting-season most fiercely. Hardly a
skin is without scars; and large pieces are often bitten out of their
tails. The beaver holds like a bull-dog, but does not snap. It
shakes its head so as to tear. When trapped, it will face a man,
dodge a stick, and then seize it, taking chips out of it at every
bite. It seems to attack from behind.

The period of gestation is known with little certainty, as they
are never trapped in summer. The female brings forth some time
about the end of June; and it is a year before a beaver is full-

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DR. BAIRD ON THE AMPHINOMACEA. 215

Contributions towards a Monograph of the Species of Annelides
belonging to the Amphinomacea, with a List of the known
Species, and a Description of several new Species (belonging to
the group) contained in the National Collection of the British
Museum. To which is appended a short Account of two hitherto
nondescript Annulose Animals of a larval character. By W.
Barrp, M.D., F.R.S., &e. &e.

(Puatses IV., V., VI.)
{Read April 2, 1868. ]

Iw the preceding volumes of the ‘ Journal of the Linnean Society,’
Vol. VIII. pp. 172-202, and Vol. TX. pp. 31-38, I have communi-
cated two papers to the Linnean Society, entitled “ Contributions
towards a Monograph of the Aphroditacea.”’ In most of the systems
of arrangement of the Annelides, the species of the group Amphi-
nomacea succeed those of the Aphroditacea; and I now propose
following up those papers by some contributions towards a further
knowledge of the species of Amphinomacea also.

The few species known to Pallas and Gmelin were all arranged
in the genera Aphrodita and Terebella. Bruguiere first separated
them from Aphrodita, and formed a distinct genus to receive them,
to which he gave the name Amphinome. These worms differ much
from the Aphroditacea, by the want of those organs called elytra,
and by the presence of an uninterrupted series of branchie, which
occur on almost all the segments of the body, and which do not
alternate, as in these latter, with cirri. Many of them are very
long and present a play of fine iridescent colours; most of them
are natives of tropical seas. Since the genus Amphinome was
formed by Bruguicre, great additions have been made, several
new genera and even distinct families have been formed; and as
our knowledge of the various species which form this group in-
creases, it will no doubt be found necessary to form several more.

Group AMPHINOMACEA.

Amphinomeaceze, Johnston.
Amphinomea, Kinberg, Carus.

Family I. AMPHINOMID.

Amphinomea, Blainville, Grube, Schmarda, Carus, Ehlers, Quatrefages.
Amphinomea, La/reille.

216 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Amphinome, Savigny, Lamarck.

Amphinomiens, Audouin 8 M.-Edwards.
Amphinomacea, Kinberg, Carus, Van der Hoeven.
Amphinomide, Gosse, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1853.

The animals belonging to this family possess a fleshy-looking
caruncle or crest on the back of the buccal or cephalic segment,
which is rounded. Branchize occur on almost all the segments of
the body, are double, but do not alternate with cirri, as in the
Aphroditide. The setiferous tubercles composing the feet are
arranged in two rows, and are more or less widely apart. ‘The
eyes are four in number. The antennae, as in the Aphroditide,
have usually been described as five in number—one median, two
internal, and two external. Following Kinberg’s terminology, in
accordance with what I have said in the case of the Aphroditide,
the median single antenna will be designated as the tentacle, the
internal pair as antenne, and the external pair as palpi. Some-
times (Huphrosyne) the antenne and palpi are wanting.

In the ‘ Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Férhand-
lingar, 1857, and afterwards in the ‘ Fregatten Eugenies Resa,’
Kinberg (including the genus Huphrosyne, which he places in a
family by itself) enumerates seven genera; to this number he adds,
in the ‘ Ofv. Kong. Vetens.-Akad.’ 1860, another, which, however,
may be doubtful. Ehlers adopts the seven genera of Kinberg ; but
Quatrefages limits the number to four, though he describes one
which does not enter into Kinberg’s enumeration. Grube, in his
‘Familien der Anneliden,’ describes four, the same number as
Quatrefages, but introduces one to which that author does not
give a generic place. Audouin and M.-Edwards only admit three.

Genus I. AMPHINOME.

Aphrodita, sp., Pallas.

Terebella, sp., Gmelin.

Amphinome, Bruguiére, 1789; Cuvier, M.-Edwards, Regne Anim. ed.
Crochard ; Grube, Schmarda, Kinberg, Carus, Van der Hoeven, Qua-
trefages.

Amphinoma, Blainville, 1828? ; Audouin & M.-Edwards, Littoral de la
France.

Pleione, Savigny, 1828?; Cuvier, Lamarck, Stannius, Guérin.

Body long, with the segments rectangular ; cephalic lobe small,

earuncle small, heart-shaped; antenne and palpi rising from first
segment of body; branchia commencing on 8rd or 4th segment

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. 217

of body ; arborescent, branches filiform; some of the sete of the
dorsal feet subulate, serrate, others linear, smooth ; sete of the ven-
tral feet hooked, thick, short, few in number. Anus situated on the
dorsal side of the lower extremity.

There are no species belonging to this genus found in Great
Britain, though one, Amphinome vagans, has been described by
Savigny as found by the late Dr. Leach on the coast of England.
The locality of this species, however, was doubted by Savigny
himself at a later period, and the specimen was suspected by him
to have been brought to Dr. Leach from the Atlantic Ocean
amongst some fuci. This has now, on the authority of Kinberg,
been satisfactorily established, specimens having been brought by
Dr. Schlor from the South Atlantic. Quatrefages, in his late work
on the Annelides, enumerates twenty-seven species, including
three which belong to the genus Notopygos of Grube, and which
are distributed amongst five of the genera of Kinberg. To this
list one or two new species have now to be added.

Sp. 1. AmpHrnoME rostRaTA. (Plate LV. figs. 1a, d.)

Aphrodita rostrata, Pallas, Miscell. Zoolog. 100, tab. 8. f. 14-18, 1766,

Terebella rostrata, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. 3113.

Amphinome tetraedra, Bruguiére, Encyclop. Méthod. art. Amphinome,
Atlas, tab. 61. f. 8-12 (copied from Pallas); Cuvier, Dict. Sc. Nat.
art. Amphinome.

Amphinoma tetraedra, Blainville, Dict. Sc. Nat. art. Vers, p. 450;

* Audouin & M.-Edwards, Ann. Sc. Nat. tom. xxviii. p. 197, Hist. Nat.

Littoral de la France, u. p. 123.

Pleione tetraedra, Savigny, Syst. des Annélid. 60; Lamarck, An. s. Vert.
Ist edit. v. 330, 2nd edit. v. 572; M.-Edwards, Cuv. Regn. Anim. ed.
Crochard, tab. 8 bis. fig. 1, la—le.

Amphinome rostrata, Grube, Famil. der Annelid. 40 and 122; Van der
Hoeven, Handbuch der Zoologie, i. 231, 1850; Carus, Handbuch der
Zoologie, ii. 435, 1863; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Annélides, i. 393.

Hab. Indian Seas (Madras, Mus. Brit.) ; Australia (Mus. Brit.) ;
Rio Janeiro, Kinberg.

I have had figured the sete or bristles of the dorsal and ventral
row of feet (vide Plate I. fig. 1). The sete of the dorsal feet
(fig. 1 a) are considerably longer than those of the ventral row,
are very numerous, capillary, and terminate in a fine point. For
some distance below this point they are serrated on the margins.
The sete of the ventral feet (fig. 16) are strong, curved at the
apex, which is rather blunt, and below this are gradually enlarged.
They are horny-looking in structure and colour, are simple or not

218 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

toothed or serrated, are fewer in number and are much larger
than those of the dorsal row.

Sp. 2, AMPHINOME VAGANS.

Terebella vagans, Leach, MS. (fide Savigny).

Pleione vagans, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 60.

Amphinoma vagans, Blainville, Dict. Sc. Nat. art. Vers; Audouin §
M.-Edwards, Littoral de la France, ui. 122.

Amphinome vagans, Grube, Famil. der Annelid. 41 & 122; Kinberg,
Ofvers. Kong. Vetensk.-Akad. Férhand. 1857, p. 12; Fregatt. Eugen.
Resa, Zoologi, tab. xi. f. 6; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Anneles, 1.
403.

Hab. South Atlantic Ocean, lat. 5° 8., long. 50° W., Kinberg.

Sp. 3. FAMPHINOME Patuasit.

Pleione tetraedra, M.-Edwards, Cuvier, Regn. Anim. ed. Croch. tab. 8 bis.

if dhe, iar

Amphinome tetraedra, Valenciennes, MS. Coll. du Mus. fide Quatrefages.

Amphinome Pallasii, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Anneles, i. 394.

Hab. The Azores and West Indies, Quatrefages.

The chief differences between this species and A. rostrata ap-
pear to be the form of the branchiz, which are divided into four
or five separate branches, each rising from a particular root, and
the shape and appearance of the caruncle.

Sp. 4. AMPHINOME Luzonra. ~
Amphinome Luzonie, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kong. Vetensk.-Akad. For-
handl. 1857, p. 12; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zoologi, Annulat. tab. xi.
f. 7 a-7 &.

Hab. West coast of Island of Luzon, Werngren fide Kinberg.
Sp. 5. AmpHINoME JuKEsI, sp. nov. (Plate IV. figs. 2a, 6.)

Corpus utrinque attenuatum, quadratum, e segmentis 50 con-
stans. Caruneula parva, cordiformis. Tentaculum breve, latum.
Branchie parve, ramis subnumerosis. Sete pedum dorsalium
capillares, subulate, simplices. Sete pedum ventralium breves,
crass, simplices, apice incurvato, obtuso.

Long. tres uncias equans.

Hab. Raine’s Islet, North coast of Australia, J. B. Jukes (Mus.
Brit.) ; ? China (in bad condition), 7. Lay, Esq. (Mlus. Brit.).

Worm about 8 inches in length, consisting of about 50 seg-
ments; of a quadrate shape, and narrower at each extremity.
Caruncle small, heart-shaped. Tentacle short, flat and rather
broad. Branchiz small, of very short but rather numerous rami-
fications. Skin of the ventral surface of body coarsely wrinkled.

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. 219

Feet prominent. Set of the upper or dorsal tuft (fig. 2 a) finely
capillary, terminating in an acute long point. They are nearly
quite simple, are indistinctly covered with minute prickles for a
short distance below the apex, but have no serrations or teeth on
their edge, and are five or six times longer than those of the lower
or ventral tuft (fig. 26), which are short, stout, curved at the apex,
which is rather blunt, but quite simple or free from serrations.
In the shape of the caruncle and in the bristles of the lower
or ventral tuft of the feet this species approaches near to A.
rostrata, but it differs in the structure of the bristles of the upper
or dorsal tuft. In this species they are capillary, finely acumi-
nated, and nearly quite simple, whilst in rostrata they are stouter,
and finely but distinctly serrated on both margins. The bristles
of the lower or ventral tuft, again, in jwkesi, are shorter, more
curved, and not quite so horny in appearance as in rostrata.
This species, too, is much smaller than rostrata, and of even a
more quadrate or square shape.

Sp. 6. PAMPHINOME CARNEA.
Amphinome carnea, Grube et (Ersted, Annulat. CErsted. p. 26; Qua-
trefages, Hist. Nat. des Annelés, 1 404 (quoted in synonyms, by mis-
take, Amphinome rosea).

Hab. Santa Cruz, Grsted.

Genus Il. Hermopice.

Aphrodita, sp., Pallas.

Amphinome (part.), Bruguiére et auctorum.

Pleione, sp., Grube.

Hermodice, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kong. Vetensk.-Akad. Férhand. p- 1,
1857 ; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zoologi, p. 32; Ehlers, Die Borsten-
wiirmer, 64; Carus, Handb. d. Zoologie, u. 435.

Body long, with the segments rectangular ; cephalic lobe large.
Caruncle large and lobed on each side. Branchie commence
on the second segment. Dorsal sete, some subulate and serrate,
others linear and smooth ; ventral sete serrated at the apex.

Sp. 1. Hurmopice caruncunatTa. (Plate IV. figs. 3a, 6.)
Millepeda marina Amboinensis, Seba, Thes. rar. Nat. tom. i. p. 131,
tab. 81. no. 7, 1734-1765.
Nereis gigantea, Linneus, Syst. Nat. ed. 12. tom. 1. part 2. p. 1086.
no. 10, 1766.
Aphrodita carunculata, Pallas, Miscell. Zool. pp. 102-106, tab. viii.
f. 12-13, 1766.

220 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Terebella carunculata, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. i. part 6. Vermes,
p- 3113. no. 5, 1789.

Awphinome carunculata, Bruguiére, Enc. Meth. art. Amphinome,
p: 46, Atlas, tab. 60. f. 6-7 (copied from Pallas), 1789; Cuvier,
Dict. des Sc. Nat. art. Amphinome, tom. ii. p. 72; Grube, Famil.
der Annelid. pp. 40 & 122; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Annelés, 1. 395.

Amphinoma carunculata, Blainville, Dict. Sc. Nat. art. Vers; Audouin
& M.-Edwards, Littoral de la France, ii. 123.

Pleione carunculata, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 61; Lamarck,
An. s. Vert. 1st edit. v. 330, 2nd edit. v. 572; Cuvier, Régne Anim.
ii. 199, ed. Crochard, Annélides, tab. 8. f. 4, 44; Grube, De Pleione
carunculatd; Treviranus, Beob. aus der Zoologie, p. 53, tab. xi.

Hermodice carunculata, Kinberg, Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. 1857,
p- 13; Carus, Handbuch der Zoologie, 1. 435.

Hab. Seas of America, West Indies, St. Vincent’s, West In-
dies, Landsdown Guilding (Mus. Brit.), West Indies, Coll. Reid
(Mus. Brit.), St. Thomas’s, West Indies (Jus. Brit.), Mediter-
ranean, Miller (Mus. Brit.). The setz of the dorsal row of
feet (fig. 8a) are longer than those of the ventral feet, are very
finely capillary, especially fine at the apex, and are all quite sim-
ple. The sete of the ventral feet (fig. 3b) are numerous, fine,
nearly capillary, but slightly curved at the apex, which is rather
obtuse. For a short distance below the apex there are several
very fine teeth or serre, about 12 in number, on its inner margin ;
and a very short distance below these there is a prominent tooth
on the inner edge.

Sp. 2. HeERMODICE sTRIATA.
Hermodice striata, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Vetensk.-Akad. Férhandl. 1857,
p- 13; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, tab. 12. f. 8, 88-8; Carus, Handbuch
der Zoologie, i. 435.

Hab. Eimeo, Pacific Ocean, among corals, near the shore,
Kinberg.

Sp. 3. HeRMODICE NIGROLINEATA, Sp. NOV.

Segmenta buccalia quinque. Branchie parvee, sessiles, ramis
paucis filiformibus. Caruncula magna, corrugata. Sete pedum
dorsalium omnes lineares, leves; sete pedum ventralium bifide,
ramo altero, brevissimo, dentem simulante, ramo altero longiore,
apice breviuncinato, intus serrato. Dorsum corrugatum, seg-
menta singula, ad infimam partem, linea nigra notata. Tenta-
culum, antennis et palpis multo longior. Cirrus pedis dorsalis
clongatus, gracilis.

Long. 2 une. et 3 lin., lat. 3 lin.

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. 221

Hab. Coast of Asia Minor, R. M*Andrew. On the sub-
marine telegraph-cable, near Alexandria. Madeira, Mr. Masson
(Mus. Brit.).

The tentacle is much longer than the antenne or palpi, both of
which latter are small. The caruncle resembles, in comparative size
and in its corrugated character, that organ in H. carunculata, ex-
tending to the fourth segment of the body. The cirrus of the
dorsal feet is longer than the sete and rather slender. The sete
of the dorsal feet are all slender, linear, and quite smooth ; those
of the ventral feet are rather stouter; a short distance from the
point, which is slightly curved or hooked, there is a tooth or short
branch springing from it, and the space of the longer branch
between this tooth and the point is rather strongly serrate on
the inner side. The branchie are very small, and consist of only a
a few filiform branches, from five to eight in number. The
skin of the back is somewhat corrugated, and each segment has
at its lower portion, near the junction of the following seg-
ment, a black line running across it, which is more strongly
marked in the centre. Some of the specimens we possess were
collected by Mr. M‘Andrew on the coast of Asia Minor: one
was taken from the submerged telegraph-cable, near Alexandria,
when hauled up for examination ; and others were collected by
Mr. Masson in the sea of Madeira.

Sp. 4. HERMODICE DIDYMOBRANCHIATA.
Amphinome didymobranchiata, Baird, Transact. Linn. Soc. tom. xxiv.
tab. 45. f. 1-7, 1864.
Hab. Island of Ascension, Watson (Mus. Brit.).

Sp. 5. HERMODICE SANGUINEA.
Amphinome sanguinea, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, i. 2. pp. 140-141.
fig. xylogr., tab. 34. f. 289; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 405.
Hab. Jamaica, Schmarda.

Sp. 6. ? Hermopice Savienyt.
Amphinome Savignyi, Brullé, Expd. de Morée, Zool. tom. iii. p. 398.
f tab. 53. f. la-c; Audouin & M.-Edwards, Littor. de la France, ii.
124; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 402.
ft Hab. Metana, coast of Sicily, Brullé.

Genus III. Euryruos.
A Eurythoé, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Férhandl. p: 13,

1857; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zoologi, p. 32; Ehlers, Die Borsten-
wiirm. 64; Carus, Handb. d. Zool. ii. 435.

222 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

. Pleione (part.), Savigny.

Amphinome (part.), auctorum.

Body long, with the segments rectangular; caruncle of mid-
dling size and minutely lobed. Dorsal sete, some linear, sub-
articulate, others subbifid, serrate, with one branch very short,
rarely linear ; ventral sete bifid.

Sp. 1. EHuryrHof aucyonta,

Pleione alcyonia, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 62; Annélides gravés,
tab. 2. fig. 3; Lamarck, An. s. Vert. 1st ed. v. 331, 2nd ed. v. 572 ;
Blainville, Atlas Dict. Sc. Nat. tab. vii. f. 2, 2a (copied from Sa-
vigny); Guérin, Icon. Regne An. Annélides, p. 4 (text); Cuvier,
Regne Anim. ii. 199; M.-Edwards, Cuv. Regn. Anim. ed. Cro-
chard, tab. 8 bis. f. 2 (copied from Savigny).

Pleyone aleyonia, Guérin, Icon. R. An. Annélides, tab. 4. f. 2, 24—2c.

Amphinome alcyonia, Blainville, Dict. Sc. Nat. art. Vers; Audouin &
M.-Edwards, Littoral de la France, ii. 124, tab. 22. f. 5 (copied from
Savig.).

Amphinome aleyonia, Grube, Famil. der Annelid. pp. 40 & 122; Qua-
trefages, Hist. Nat. des Annelés,i. 401.

Hab. Red Sea, Dr. Rippell (Mus. Brit.).

I refer this species to the genus Kurythoé. The caruncle is
somewhat lobed at the edges. The sete of the dorsal feet are,
some linear, subarticulated in several places, others linear and sub-
bifid, the terminal branch long and slender, whilst a third set are
stouter and serrated. The sete of the ventral feet are considerably
stouter than the dorsal sete, and are all bifid and quite smooth.

Sp. 2. EuryrHokz compranata. (Plate IV. figs. 4a, b.)

2Nereis tentaculis binis tripartitis, &e., Brown, Hist. of Jamaica, p. 395,
Ul, Oe 1 Ihe

Aphrodita complanata, Pallas, Miscell. Zool. 110, tab. 8. f. 19-26, 1766.

Terebella complanata, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. part 6. Vermes,
p- 3113. no. 4.

Amphinome complanata, Bruguiere, Encycl. Méthod. art. Amphinome,
Atlas, tab. 60. f. 8-13 (copied from Pallas); Grube, Famil. der An-
nelid. pp. 40 & 122; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Anneles, p. 403.

Amphinoma complanata, Blainville, Dict. Sc. Nat. art. Vers; Audouin
8 M.-Edwards, Littoral de la France, ui. 124.

Pleione complanata, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 62; Cuvier,
Régne Anim. iii. 199; Lamarck, An. s. Vert. 1st ed. v. 331, 2nd
edit. v. 573.

* Brown confounds this worm with the Zeredo or shipworm! As Pallas

conjectures, the specimen he had for inspection might probably have been
taken burrowing in one of the holes made by the Teredo.

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA, 223

Hab. St. Vincent’s, West Indies, Gwilding (Mus. Brit.) ; St.
Thomas’s, West Indies, Sallée (Mus. Brit., in bad condition) ;
Eastern Seas (Mus. Brit.) ; Raine’s Island, and Sir C. Hardy’s
Island, north coast of Australia, Jukes (Mus. Brit.) ; Zanzibar,
Dr. Kirk (Mus. Brit.).

Notwithstanding the difference of habitat between the West
Indies, north coast of Australia, and Zanzibar, I can see nothing
to separate the two sets of specimens, except the greater size of
the Australian. The specimens we possess from the Eastern
seas are of about the same size as those from St. Vincent’s, West
Indies. The sete of the dorsal and ventral feet are very nearly
similar to those of the preceding species. Those of the dorsal
row (fig. 4a) are numerous, capillary, but curiously and dis-
tinetly toothed or serrate onthe edge. The apex is sharp-pointed,
the teeth or serre extend from it to some distance below it, are
about 26 in number, and are harpoon-shaped. The sete of the
ventral feet (fig. 40) are much fewer in number, and are stouter
and shorter than those of the dorsal row. They are bifurcated
near the apex and are quite simple or free from teeth or ser-
rations.

Sp. 3. Euryrnot HepEenBoret.
Eurythoé Hedenborgi, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad.
Forhandl. 1857, p. 13.
Hab. ? From the collection of Dr. Hedenborg, Kinberg.

Sp. 4. HuryrHo# syRraca.

Eurythoé syriaca, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl.
1857, p. 13; Carus, Handbuch der Zoologie. ii. 435.

Hab. Coast of Syria, Hedenborg fide Kinberg.

Sp. 5. EvRyrHob CHILENSIS.
Eurythoé chilensis, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kong. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl.
1857, p. 13; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zoologi, Annulat. tab. xii.
f. Ja-9x.
Hab. Near Valparaiso, depth of 7 fathoms, Avnberg.

Sp. 6. EuryrHok CAPENSIS.—

Eurythoé capensis, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Forkandl.
1857, p. 13; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zool. Annulat. tab. xu. f. 10B,
10¥, 104.

Hab. Cape of Good Hope, Wahlberg fide Kinberg.

Sp. 7. EURYTHOE PACIFICA.
Eurythoé pacifiea, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandt.

224 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

1857, p. 14; Fregatt. Eugen, Resa, Zoologi, Annulat. tab. xii. f. 11a—
11x; Carus, Handb. der Zool. ii. 435.
Hab. Pacific Ocean, near Eimeo and Foua Islands, amongst
corals, Kinberg.

Sp. 8. EurYTHoO# CORALLINA.

Eurythoé corallina, Kinberg, Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl.
1857, p. 14; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zoologi, Annulat. tab. xii. f. 12B—
12u.

Hab. Pacific Ocean, amongst corals on shores of islands Eimeo,

Tahiti, and Oahu near Honolulu, Kinberg.

Sp. 9. Euryrnok KamMEnAaMEHA.
Eurythoé Kamehameha, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. For-
handl. 1857, p. 14; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zool. Annulat. tab. xii.
f lsc sie.
Hab. Harbour of Honolulu, amongst dead corals at 2 fathoms,
Kinberg.
Sp. 10. EuryrHo# sMARAGDINA.
Amphinome smaragdina, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, i. 2. p- 140.
fig. xylogr., tab. 34. f. 288; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Annelés, i.
p- 405.
Hab. Jamaica, Sehmarda.

Sp. 11. PEuRYTHOH LATISSIMA.
Amphinome latissima, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, i. 2. p. 141.
fig. xylogr., tab.34. f. 291,291; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i.405.
Hab. Ceylon, Schmarda.
Sp. 12. EuryrHok Lonaicrrra.
Amphinoma longicirra, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, i. 2. p. 142.
fig. xylogr., tab. 34. f. 292 ; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat, Annelés, p- 405,
Hab. Ceylon, Schmarda.

Sp. 13. Euryrno# rnprca.
Amphinome indica, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, i. 2. p. 142. fig.
xylogr., tab. 35. f. 294; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 405.
Hab. Ceylon, Schmarda.
Sp. 14. Euryrno® JamMatcensts.
Amphinome (Notopygos ?) Jamaicensis, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thicre
i. 2. p. 143. fig. xylogr. ; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 406.
Hab. Jamaica, Schmarda.

bd

Sp. 15. EuryrHo® ENcopocHaATA.
Amphinome encopocheta, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, i. 2. p. 143.
fig. xylogr., tab. 35. f. 293; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i, 406.
Hab. Ceylon, Schmarda.

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. 225

Sp. 16. EuryrHo® MACROTRICHA.

Amphinome macrotricha, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, i. 2. p. 144.
fig. xylogr., tab. 34. f. 290; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i.
406.

Hab. Jamaica, Schmarda.

Sp. 17. P EurytHo# chavatTa. (Plate IV. figs. 5 a,b.)

Corpus depressum, subquadratum, ad extremitates utrinque
attenuatum, e segmentis 55 s. 56 constans. Caruncula ovalis,
mediocris, segmenta tria prima tegens. Sete pedum dorsalium
ad apicem curvatz, dilatate seu clavate, simplices ; sete pedum
ventralium bifurce, leves. Branchie parve, ramis ramulisque
numerosis.

Long. tres uncias equans.

Hab. ? (Mus. Brit.).

Worm about 3 inches in length, of a flatly subquadrate shape,
and consisting of about 55 or 56 segments. Body of a very
dark colour; bristles of feet, especially those of ventral or lower
tuft, light or yellowish coloured, and tipped at the points with
dark brown. The caruncle is rather large, of an oval shape,
the edges not rolled up, and extending over the first three seg-
ments.

The specimen under observation is thickest and broadest in
the middle ; narrowed at each extremity, but becoming suddenly
contracted about the thirty-fourth segment, and appearing much
rower at the posterior than at the anterior extremity.

The sete of the upper or dorsal tuft (fig. 5a) are slightly
curved and obtuse or rather club-shaped at the extremity, which
is simple and not toothed. Those of the lower or ventral tuft
(fig. 50) are bifurcate, the rami not serrated, and the points
rather blunt.

The branchie are small, numerously ramified, and of a dark
colour.

Only one specimen of this species has occurred, and we have
no history as to its habitat.

Genus LV. LYCARETUS.

Lycaretus, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Férhandl. 1867,
p- 53.

Body long, depressed, segments rectangular; cephalic lobe

rounded, ¢aruncle elongate, rather smooth; eyes, tentacle, an-

226 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

tenne, and palpi as in Amphinome. Branchie commencing from
the third segment. Dorsal cirri on each side single. Sete of
dorsal feet capillary, somewhat geniculate, some of them serrated ;
sete of ventral feet bifid, the points unequal, smooth.

Sp. 1. LycarErus NEOCEPHALICUS.
Lycaretus neocephalicus, Kinberg, l..c. p. 56. P

Hab. West Indies, Bartholomew Island, Lovén &e.

Genus V. Lirtone.

Lirione, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Férhandl. p- 12;
1857; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zoologi, p. 32; Ehlers, Die Borsten-
wiirm. p. 64; Carus, Handbuch der Zoologie, ii. 435.

Amphinome, pars, auctorum.

Body elongate, with the segments oval and large; cephalic
lobe rounded, elevated. Antenne rising from the cephalic lobe,
palpi from the first segment of body. Caruncle elongate. Branchie
placed near the apex of the dorsal feet. Dorsal cirri, two on each
side. Sete all alike, bifid, smooth.

Sp. 1. Lir1oNE SPLENDENS.

Lirione splendens, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Férhandl.
1857, p. 12; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zool. Annulat. tab. xi. f. 4a—
4x; Carus, Handbuch der Zoologie, ii. 435.

Hab. Near the Island of Tahiti amongst corals, at a foot depth,

Kinberg.

Sp. 2. LirntoNE MACULATA.

Lirione maculata, Kindberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Férhandl.
p. 12; Fregatt, Eugen. Resa, Zool. Annulat. tab. xi. f. 5B-5x.

Hab. Coast of islands near Panama, Ainberg

Sp. 3. Lirtonr Raynert, sp. nov. (Plate IV. figs. 6, a,b.)
Corpus elongato-fusiforme, utrinque attenuatum, e segmentis
triginta duobus seu triginta tribus constans. Caruncula magna,
sextum segmentum attingens, crista media alta laminaque laterali
majuscula (transverse valde plicatis) ornata. Cuirri dorsales bini.
Tuberculi setiferi dorsales basi linea nigra cireumdati. Branchie
a segmento quinto orientes, breves, ramis filiformibus, basi nigris,
divisee. Setz dorsales et ventrales conformes, apice bifido, sim-
plices ; setze ventrales breviores. Anus dorsalis, segmento vice-
simo secundo situs. Appendices anales breves, obtuse, bine.
Long. uncias duas et quartam partem equans.

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. ii

Hab. Reefs off the north-east coast of Australia, Rayner (Mus.
Brit.).

Body somewhat elongately fusiform, narrower at each extre-
mity, about 27 inches long, and composed of 32 or 33 segments.
Beneath or on the ventral surface it is of a light brown colour,
but the back is violet and marked with a number of white lines
crossing each other in various directions. The caruncle is large,
extending to the sixth segment of the body. It is apparently
composed of three portions, which are almost separate from each
other. The centre portion, or crest, is detached from the lateral
portions throughout its whole length, except at the two extremities.
All three portions are strongly wrinkled. The setiferous tu-
bercles are prominent, the dorsal being encircled at the base
with a black ring. The branchie arise from the fifth segment,
are placed upon the base of the dorsal setiferous tubercles, and
are composed of a tuft of short cirriform branchlets or filaments,
about from 20 to 55 in number. The anus is placed on the back,
on the twenty-second segment, and in the centre of a rounded
fleshy caruncle. The setz or bristles of both dorsal and ventral
tufts (fig. 5, a, b) are long, capillary, and sharply bidentate a
little way below the apex, which is simple, the tooth being sharp
and erect. The ventral sete (fig. 5,5) are rather shorter than those
of the dorsal tuft. The dorsal cirri are double,—one, the most
dorsal, is short and subulate, about the length of the branchial fila-
ments; the other, the most ventral in position, is much longer,
and composed of two joints, the basal much the stouter of the
two. The ventral cirri are single, and about the same length as
the most dorsal of the dorsal cirri.

Only one specimen was brought to the Museum. It was
taken by F. Rayner, Esq., Surgeon of H.M.S. ‘ Herald, to
whom I have dedicated this fine species.

Genus VI. LinopueErvs.

Linopherus, Quatrefages.

Amphinome, sp. Peters, Grube.

Body linear. Head as in Amphinome. Caruncle very small.
Feet in two rows, apart. Branchie cirriform, the cirri of which
they are composed being either simple or bifurcate.

Sp. 1. LinopHERUS INCARUNCULATUS.
Amphinome incarunculata, Peters; Grube, Beschr. neuer od. wenig be-
kannt. Annelid. in Troschel, Archiv der Naturg. 1860, p. 77.

228 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Linopherus incarunculata, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Ann. i. 407.
Hab. West Africa, Peters, Grube.

Genus VII. Notropygos.

Notopygos, Grube, Famil. der Annelid. 121, 1851; Beschr. neu. od.
wenig bekannt. Annelid., in Archiv der Naturg. 1855, p. 93; An-
nulat. Girsted. p. 27; Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, p. 64.

Notopygus, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl.
1857, p. 11; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zoologi, p. 32 (char. emend.) ;
Carus, Handb. d. Zool. ii. 435.

Amphinome, sp., Quatrefages.

“ Body of an oval shape, with large oval segments; cephalic
lobe depressed ; antenne and palpi rising from first segment of
body ; caruncle elongate; branchie cirrated, placed at the apex
of the dorsal feet ; cirrus of dorsal feet single, sete of dorsal feet
bifid, the longer branch lightly serrated inwardly, anal appendages
double.” Char. emend., Ainberg.

Sp. 1. Noropyeos CRINITUS.

Notopygos crinita, Grube, Famil. der Annelid. p.40; Neuer od. wen.
bekannt. Annelid. Troschel, Archiv, tom. xli. 1855, p. 93.

Notopygus crinitus, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Férhand.
1857, p. 11; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zoolog. Annulat. tab. xi. f. 3a—
3x ; Carus, Handb. der Zoologie, ii. 435.

Amphinome crinita, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, tom. i. p. 403.

Hab. Near Island of St. Helena, in 80 fathoms, Ainberg.

Sp. 2. Noropyeos ORNATUS.
Notopygos ornata, Grube, Annulat. Girsted. p. 27.
Amphinome ornata, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, tom. 1. p. 404.
Hab. Puntarenas, in Costa Rica, Grube.

Species of Amphinomide which cannot as yet be referred to their
proper genera.

Sp. 1. AMPHINOME HOLIDES.

Pleione xolides, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 62; Lamarck, An. s.
Vert. 1st edit. v. 330, 2nd edit. v. 572.

Amphinome eolides, Blainville, Dict. Sc. Nat. art. Vers; Audouin &
M.-Edwards, Littoral de la France, i. 124.

Amphinome eolides, Grube, Famil. der Annelid. pp. 40 & 122; Quatre-
fages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 397.

Hab. West Indies, Quatrefages.

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA, 229

Sp. 2, AMPHINOME ABHORTONI.
Amphinome abhortoni, Valenciennes, MS.?; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat.
Annelés, i. 397.
Hab. Isle of France, Quatrefages.

Sp. 3. AwpuinomME Brueviurest.
Amphinome Bruguieresi, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 398.
Hab. Seychelles, Quatrefages.

Sp. 4. AMPHINOME FORMOSA,
Amphinome formosa, Valenciennes, MS.; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat.
Annelés, i. 399.
Hab. Sandwich Islands, Quatrefages.

Sp. 5. AMPHINOME DENUDATA.
Amphinome denudata, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Anneleés, i. 400.
Hab. New Caledonia, Quatrefages.

Sp. 6. AMPHINOME GAUDICHAUDI.
Amphinome Gaudichaudi, Valenciennes, MS.; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat.
Annelés, i. 400.
Hab. Paéta, Quatrefages.

Sp. 7. AMPHINOME PALLIDA.
Amphinome pallida, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Anneleés, i. 401.
Hab. ?

Sp. 8. AMPHINOME PAUPERA.
Amphinome paupera, Grube & Cirsted, Annulata Girstediana, p. 26;
Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 404.
Hab. Valparaiso, Ersted.

Sp. 9. AMPHINOME STILIFERA.
Amphinome stilifera, Grube, Besch. neuer oder wenig bekannt. Ann.
p- 78; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 406.
Hab. e

Sp. 10. AMPHINOME PELAGICA.
Amphinome pelagica, Quoy 4 Gaimard, MS. in Mus. Paris; Audouin
& M.-Edwards, Littoral de la France, note at p. 124; Grube, Famil.
der Annelid. p. 41.
Hab. Amboina, Quoy & Gaimard.

Genus VIII. Cunorka.

Aphrodita, sp., Pallas.
Terebella, sp., Gmelin.
Amphinome sp., Bruguiére, Cuvier.
LINN, PROC.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. X. 16

230 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Chloeia, Savigny, Cuvier, Blainville, Lamarck, Audouin & M.-Edwards,
Risso, Grube, Carus, Van der Hoeven, Ehlers, Schmarda, Quatre-
Sages, Kinberg.

Body oval in shape, with the segments oval; antenne and
palpi rising from the first segment; caruncle elongate ; branchie
bipinnate, placed at some distance from the apex of the feet ; cirrus
of dorsal foot single; sete of dorsal feet serrate; sete of ventral
Seet bifid ; anal appendages double. yes, as in Amphinome, 4*.

Sp. 1. CHnonta FLAVA.

Aphrodita flava, Pallas, Miscell. Zoolog. 97, tab. vii. f. 7-11.

Terebella flava, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. part 6. p. 3114; ?Krusen-
stern, Atlas, tab. 88. f. 14-16.

Amphinome capillata, Bruguiére, Encyc. Méthod. art. Amphinome,
Atlas, tab. lx. f. 1-5 (copied from Pallas); Cuvier, Regn. Anim.
ii. 198.

Chloeia capillata, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 58; Lamarck An. s.
Vert. 1st edit. v. 329, 2nd edit. v. 570; Audouin & M.-Edwards, Lit-
toral de la France, ii. 120, tab. iis. f. 11-12; M.-Edwards, Cuv. R.
An. ed. Croch. tab. ix. f. 1; Van der Hoeven, Handbuch der Zoologie,
1. 231; Carus, Handbuch der Zoologie, ii. 435.

Amphinome flava, Cuvier, Dict. Sc. Nat. art. Vers; Blainville, Atlas,
Dict. Sc. Nat. tab. vii. figs. 1-la-Ic.

Chloeia flava, Blainville, Dict. Sc. Nat. art. Vers; Grube, Famil. der
Annelid. p. 40; ?Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Annelés, i. 386; Kin-
berg, Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zoolog. Annulat. tab. xi. f. 1B-1x.

Chloeia incerta, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 398. no. 2.

Hab, Chinese and Indian Seas (Mus. Brit.) ; Australia (Mus.
Brit.).

The Chloeia incerta of Quatrefages belongs undoubtedly to
this species, the only reason for asserting the Chloeia flava of
Pallas is not the Chloeta capillata of M.-Edwards being the dif-
ference of the setz of the feet. We possess, in the collection of
the British Museum, nine specimens of what appears to me to be
the true Chloeia flava of Pallas, the sete of the feet of which all

* Savigny, who established the genus Chioeia, distinctly asserts that the
species have only two eyes. In this he has been followed, apparently without
examination, by Lamarck, Audouin and M.-Hdwards, Risso, Grube, Van der
Hoeven, Schmarda, and Quatrefages. Pallas, Gmelin, Cuvier, and Carus do not
notice the number, but Kinberg has recognized the fact that they are endowed
with four. This I have also ascertained to be the case in Chloeia flava, tumida,
pulchella, parva, and spectabilis. Kinberg has distinctly figured fowr eyes in C.
flava and candida ; and J haye little doubt four is the normal number of eyes
in this genus.

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. 231

agree with those of Chloeia capillata figured by M.-Edwards in
figs. 1p, E of pl. 9, in the Crochard edition of the ‘Régne Ani-
mal,’ and by Kinberg in the ‘Fregatt. Eugen. Resa,’ plate xi.
fig. 1, u,@. The description of these sete by Savigny, “celles
des rames supérieures simplement aigués, les autres terminées
par un pointe distincte,”’ though agreeing better with Quatre-
fages’s description of these organs, is not sufficiently precise to
determine the question of the distinction of the two species.
If the species quoted as Chloeia flava by Quatrefages be distinct,
I think it ought to be formed into a different species and de-
serves better the name of incerta.

Sp. 2. P CHLoErA QUATREFAGESII.

Chloeia flava, Quatrefages (without any of the synonyms quoted by
him), Hist. Nat. des Annelés, 1. 386. no. 1.

Hab. Seas of China, Quatrefages.

Sp. 3. CHLOEIA CANDIDA.

Chloeia candida, Kinberg, Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Férhandl.
1857, p. 11; Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zool. Annulat. tab. xi. f. 2,
2a-2x ; Carus, Handbuch der Zoologie, ii. 435.

Hab. A small species coming from the Island of St. Thomas

(? West Indies), Werngren fide Kinberg.
Sp. 4. CHnoEra FURCIGERA.

Chloeia furcigera, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Annelés, i. 309.

Hab. Mauritius, Quatrefages.

The specimen from which Quatrefages drew up the description
of this species is in such bad condition, he says, that he can only
draw attention to the sete of the feet, which are bifid in both
dorsal and ventral feet.

Sp. 5. ? CHLOEIA INERMIS.

Chloeia egena?, Grube, Beschr. neuer od. wenig bekannt. Ann. 1855,

ee

Ghia inermis, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, tom. i. p. 389.

Hab, New Zealand, Quatrefages.

Sp. 6. CHLOEIA EGENA.
? Chloeia egena, Grube, Beschr. neu. od. wen. bekannt. Ann. in Archiv
d. Naturg. 1855, p. 91; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, tom. i.
p- 391.

Hab. ? Gn the Museum of St. Petersburg), Kinberg.

This species is doubtful, according to Quatrefages, and, he says,
may prove to be identical with his C. inermis (vide Sp. 18 of this
list).

16*

232 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Sp. 7. CHLOETA FUCATA.
Chloeia fucata, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, tom. i. p. 390.
Hab. Mascate, Quatrefages.

Sp. 8. CHLOEIA NUDA.
Chloeia nuda, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, tom. i. p. 390.
Hab. Amboina, Quatrefages.

Sp. 9. CHLOEIA VENUSTA.
Chloeia venusta, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, tom. i. p. 391.
Hab. Palermo, Quatrefages.

Sp. 10. CHLOEIA VIRIDIs.

Chloeia viridis, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, tom. u. p. 144.
fig. xylogr., a-x. tab. 35. f. 295-305; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat.
Annelés, tom. i. p. 392.

Hab. Coast of Jamaica, Schmarda.

Sp. 11. CuHioerra TUMIDA, sp. nov. (Plate LV. figs. 7 a—d.)

- Corpus tumidum, album, e segmentis triginta et sex con-
stans. Oculi parvi. Caruncula mediocris, plicata. Branchie
bipinnate, ab segmento quarto orientes. Oculi parvi. Cirri
dorsales longiores quam ventrales, et tenuiores. Cirri anales
crassi, breves. Setz pedum dorsalium breviores quam ventra-
lium, et parum numerose, paululum infra apicem tumide,
extus prope apicem unidentate, intus valde serrate (interdum
simplices). Sete pedum ventralium longe capillares, bifide, ramo
interno brevissimo, dentem, simulante, ad apicem simplices.

Long. uncias sex et dimidiam equans; lat. (setis inclusis) un-
cias duas equans.

Hab. India, Leadbeater fide Leach (Mus. Brit.).

The body of this worm is very tumid or swollen, quite
white in all its parts and destitute of any markings or co-
lour. It is much longer than broad, in length being 6% inches,
in breadth (including the sete) 2 inches, and is composed of 36
segments. The skin or dorsal surface is wrinkled. The ca-
runcle is moderately large and plicate, and the branchie are bi-
pinnate, and commence from the fourth segment of the body.
The eyes are very small. The dorsal cirri are longer and more
slender than the ventral; the anal cirri are very stout, rather
short, and of about the same thickness throughout their length.
The bristles of the ventral or lower row of feet (fig. 7 d) are long,
white, capillary, terminating in a rather sharp point, bifid, the
inner ramus very short, more resembling a tooth, springing from

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. 233

a little below the apex, and are simple, not serrated. The bris-
tles of the dorsal or upper row of feet (fig. 7 a, b, c) are
fewer in number than those of the ventral row; they are cu-
riously swollen out a little below the apical part, which termi-
nates in a sharp point with a small tooth on its outer edge a
very short distance beneath the point, and, with the exception of
those of the second or third feet (fig. 76), they have a row of ser-
rations or teeth on the inner margins, the teeth being about 16
in number, slightly curved downwards or harpoon-shaped.

We possess only one specimen of this species, which formed
part of the collection of the late Dr. Leach, and, on the au-
thority of Mr. Leadbeater, who supplied him with the specimens,
is said to come from India.

Sp. 12. Cuioz1a parva, sp. nov. (Plate IV. figs. 8 a, b.)

Corpus breve, angustum, utrinque attenuatum, e segmentis vi-
ginta et sex constans, atratum, segmentis omnibus medio dorsi
linea nigra longitudinali et maculis atris transversis, signatis.
Branchie parve, nigre. Caruncula elongata, plicata, crista me-
dia linea nigra notata. Cirri dorsales nigri. Cirri ventrales
pallidi. Sete pedum dorsalium capillares, acute punctate, mar-
gine interno serrate, serre deorsum spectantes. Sete pedum
ventralium capillares, bifid, ramus internus brevissimus, dentem
simulans.

Long. unciam unam zquans.

Hab. ? (Mus. Brit.).

This worm is small, only about 1 inch in length, and narrow,
attenuated at each extremity, especially posteriorly, the pos-
terior extremity being much narrower than the anterior, and
produced into a sharpish point. The body is composed of about
26 segments, is of a dark colour, and peculiarly marked on the
back with black spots. Along the centre of the back, on each
segment, there is a dark mark in the shape somewhat of the Ro-
man J, or rather the Greek Y (upsilon). On each side there is
also a dark mark wnich runs across each of the segments, and
another encircling the ventral setiferous tubercle or foot. The
branchie are small, simply branched, and are of a dark colour.
The caruncle is elongate and much wrinkled or pleated, and its
crest is surmounted with a black, waved line. The sete of the
dorsal tuft (fig. 8 a) are capillary, sharp-pointed, and serrated or
toothed a little below the apex with harpoon-shaped teeth. The
selz of the ventral tuft (fig. 84) are very slender, capillary, and

234 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

shortly bifurcate near the apex, the short branch more re-
seinbling a tooth. The dorsal cirri are of a black colour; the
ventral are pale. The anal cirri are of a light colour, short,
stout, and cylindrical. The habitat of this well-marked species
is unknown. The animal, at first sight, resembles a species of
Hipponoa.

Sp. 18. CHLOEIA SPECTABILIS, sp. nov.

Corpus rotundato-fusiforme, utrinque attenuatum, e segmentis
triginta et quatuor constans, pallidum, albo punctatum. Ca-
runcula elongata, angusta, quintum segmentum attingens. Cirri
dorsales subulati, purpurei. Cirri ventrales albi. Sete pedum
dorsalium et ventralium capillares, lineares, simplices.

Long. uncias duas et dimidiam equans.

Hab. New Zealand, Capt. Stokes (Mus. Brit.).

Worm about 23 inches long. Body rounded-fusiform in shape,
thicker in the centre and narrower at each extremity, but the
posterior extremity narrower than the anterior ; composed of about
34 segments. It is of a light colour, and the whole body above
and below is dotted all over with numerous small, white, round
spots varying in size. The caruncle is long and narrow, extend-
ing over 4 or 5 segments. Ventral cirri white; dorsal cirri long
and subulate and of a beautiful purple colour. Branchie simply
branched. Bristles of both ventral and dorsal feet capillary,
slender and simple, those of the dorsal tuft longer and stouter
than the ventral.

This species, in its habitat and structure of the sete of the
feet, approaches the two species “inermis’’ of Quatrefages, and
“egena’’ of Grube, but differs from both in minor details.

Sp. 14. CHLOEIA PUCHELLLA, sp. nov.

Corpus depressiusculum, fusiforme, e segmentis triginta duo-
bus seu triginta et quinque constans. Dorsum rugosum, in medio
segmentorum macula angusta nigra notatum. Oculi parvi. Ca-
runcula elongata, crista linea nigra insignis. Branchie pinnati-
fide, ramusculis atratis. Cirri dorsales elongati, subulati, atrati ;
cirri ventrales albi; cirri anales breves, cylindrici. Sete pedum
dorsalium infra apicem serrate ; sete ventrales bifide, simplices.

Long. uncias duas equans ; lat. (setis inclusis) unciam dimidiam
eequans.

Hab. Reets off the north-east coast of Australia, # JL, Rayner
(Mus. Brit.).

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. 285

The body of this worm is rather narrow, of a depressed fusi-
form shape, about 2 inches long, and half an inch broad, in-
cluding the sete of feet. Segments of body from 32 to 35.
Eyes small, the anterior pair larger than the posterior. Ca-
runcle long, extending over a considerable number of segments,
rugose, the summit of the crest marked with a waved dark line.
Branchie finely and delicately pinnatifid, the main branch of a
light colour, the branchlets very dark. Setz of feet yellow;
those of the ventral feet forming a tuft considerably larger than
that of the dorsal, and in both formed like that of those of
Chloeia flava—those of the dorsal tuft having their apex for a
little way down on the inner side serrated with harpoon-shaped
teeth, while those of the ventral tuft are furcate near the apex
and simple. The back or dorsal surface of the body is wrinkled,
of a pale delicate flesh-colour, and is marked on the middle of
each segment, between the branchie, with a distinct rather
broad line of a very dark colour—not square-shaped, as in C.
jlava, but extending in length to more than half the breadth of
the segment. The dorsal row of setiferous tubercles is also
marked with a dark line running partly across them just above
the tuft of sete. The ventral cirri are nearly white and finely
pointed; the dorsal cirri are of a very dark colour, and are
longer and more slender than the ventral. The anal cirri are short
and cylindrical, and rather stout.

Var. a. pallida.

We are indebted to Mr. Jukes for a specimen of a worm
which I consider to be only a variety of Chloeia pulchella. It is
nearly colourless in all parts except the peculiar marks on the
dorsal surface of the segments. The sets of the feet are of a
lighter yellow colour, but their structure is the same as those of
pulchella. The worm is a little larger, and the colourless branchize
are rather larger also than those of the type specimens.

Hab. Raine’s Islet, North Australia, J. B. Jukes (Mus. Brit.).

Uncertain Species.

?Chloeia rupestris, Risso, Hist. nat, Eur. mérid. iv. 425.

This species evidently belongs to another family altogether.
Quatrefages says it most probably belongs to the genus Ewnice.
M.-Edwards says he cannot refer it to any genus of the family
Amphinomide, as Risso describes it as possessing jaws, a cha-
racter which does not belong to any species of the family.

236 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Genus IX. EupHrosyne.

Euphrosyne, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 63, 1809? ; Audouin & M.-
Edwards, Grube, Johnston, Kinberg, Sars, Carus, Van der Hoeven,
Schmarda, Quatrefages, Ehlers.

Euphrosine, Cuvier, R. An.; Lamk. An. s. Vert.; M.-Edwards, Cuv.
R. A. ed. Croch.; Blainville.

Euphrosina and Euphrosyna, Audouin § M.-Edwards, Littoral de la
France; Cirsted.

Antenne and palpi wanting. Cephalic lobe compressed. Ca-
runcle elongate. Eyes two. Branchie ramose, several in each
segment. Body oval, with the segments rounded. Anus placed
on the dorsal aspect, with a longitudinal orifice and two appen-
dages. Feet crest-shaped, placed transversely. All the sete bifid,
those of dorsal tuft smooth, those of ventral tuft with the inner side
of the rami serrated.

A. With both cirri and branchie on the sides of the segments.
I. Branchie all ramose.

Sp. 1. EUPHROSYNE LAUREATA.

Euphrosyne laureata, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 63, Annélides
gravés, tab. 2. fig. 1; Grube, Fam. der Anneliden, pp. 41 & 122;
Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, 1. 409; Ehlers, Die Borstenwirmer,
p- 65; Audouin 8 M.-Edwards, Littoral de la France, tom. i. p. 127.

Euphrosine laureata, Cuvier, R. An. tom. in. p. 199; Blainville, Dict.
Sc. Nat. art. Vers, p. 453, Atlas, tab. 8. f. 1, 14—lc (copied from
Savigny); Guérin, Icon. R. An. tab. iv. bis. f.1; Van der Hoeven,
Handbuch der Zoologie, i. 231; Carus, Handbuch der Zoologie, u.
435; Lamarck, An.s. Vert. \st edit. v. 332, 2nd edit. v. 574; M.-Ed-
wards, Cuv. R. An. ed. Croch. (texte), tab. 8. f. 3-34 (copied from
Savigny); Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Annelés, tom. i. p. 409 (in list
of synonyms).

Hab. Red Sea, Savigny.

Sp. 2. EUPHROSYNE MYRTOSA.

Euphosyne myrtosa, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 64, Annélides
gravés, tab. ii. f. 2; Grube, Famil. der Anneliden, pp. 41 & 122;
Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, p. 66; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Anneles,
i. 409,

Euphrosyna myrtosa, Audouin & M.-Edwards, Ann. Sc. Nat. tom. xx.
tab. i. f. 6-8; Littoral de la France, ii. 128.

Euphrosine myrtosa, Cuvier, R. An. ii. 199; Blainville, Dict. Se. Nat.

art. Vers, p. 452: Cuvier, Iconograph. R. Anim. tab. iv. bis. f. 2;

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. 237

Lamarck, An. s. Vert. 1st edit. v. 332, 2nd edit. v. 574; Quatrefages,
Hist. Nat. Anneleés, 1. 409.
Hab. Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, Savigny.

Sp. 3. EUPHROSYNE FOLIOSA.

Euphrosyne foliosa, Audouin § M.-Edwards, Ann. Sc. Nat. tom. xxviii.
p. 201, tab. ix. f. 1-15, Littoral de la France, ii. 126, tab. ii B.
f. 1-14; M.-Edwards, Cuv. R. An. ed. Crochard (plate), tab. viii. f. 2 ;
W. Thompson, Ann. 5 Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. tom. iti. p. 355, 1849.

Euphrosine foliosa, 1/.-Edwards, Cuv. R. An. ed. Croch. (deseription
of plate) ; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 408 (in synonyms).

Euphrosyne foliosa, Grube, Famil. der Annelid. 41 & 122; Gosse,
Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. tom. xii. p. 384, 1853; Johnston,
Catal. British Non-parasit. Worms, p. 126; Carus, Handb. der Zool.
1. 435; Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, p. 65; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat.
Annelés, 1. 408.

Hab. Great Britain and Ireland (AZus. Brit.) ; coast of France,

M.-EHdwards.

Sp. 4. EupHROsYNE POLYBRANCHIA.
Euphrosyne polybranchia, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, ii. 136, tab.
Xxxiil. f. 264-287 ; Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, p. 65.
Hab. Cape of Good Hope, Schmarda.

Sp. 5. EuPHROSYNE CAPENSIS.
Euphrosyne capensis, Kinberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Fér-
handl. 1857, p. 14; Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, 56.
Hab, Cape of Good Hope, Kinberg.

Sp. 6. EvPHROSYNE MEDITERRANEA.

Euphrosyne mediterranea, Grube, Trosch. Archiv f. Nuturgesh. 1863,
tom. xxix. p. 38, tab. iv. f. 2; Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, p. 66 ;
Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 409.

?Euphrosyne myrtosa, var. Ehlers, 1. c.

Euphrosyne mediterranea, Quatrefages, /. c. (in synonyms).

Hab. Villa Franca, Grube.

Sp. 7. HUPHROSYNE RACEMOSA.
Euphrosyne racemosa, Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, pp. 66, 67, 80, tab. i.
f. 1-11; tab. n. f. 1, 2.
Hab. Quarnero, Adriatic, Ehlers.

Sp. 8. EUPHROSYNE ARMADILLO.
Euphrosyna armadillo, Sars, Riese 1 Lofot. og Finmark, Nyt. Magaz.
J. Naturvidensk. 1 Christiania, 1851, p. 211; Forhandling. i Vidensk.-
Selskab, i Christiania, 1860, p. 55. .

238 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Euphrosyne armadillo, Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, p. 66.
Hab. Manger, near Bergen, Sars.

IT. Some of the branchie only ramose.

Sp. 9. EUPHROSYNE BOREALIS.

Euphrosyna borealis, Girsted, in Kroyer Naturhist. Tidssk. 1842, 113 ;
Greenland. Annulat. dorsibranch. p. 18, 1843, tab. nu. f. 23-27 ;
Sars, Reise i Lof. Finmark, Nyt Magaz. for Naturvidensk. i Chris-
tiania, 1851, p. 211; Forhandl. i Vidensk.-Selskab. i Christiania,
1860, p. 56; Ray Soc. Reports, 1845, 324.

Euphrosyne borealis, Johnston, Cat. Non-parasit. Worms, p. 127;
Carus, Handb. der Zool. ii. 435; Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, p. 66;
Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, 1. 408; Stimpson, Mar. Invert.
Grand Manan, p. 362; Grube, Famil. der Annelid. pp. 41 & 122.

Hab. Britain? (Mus. Brit.), Greenland, Grsted.

B. Segments with cirri only.

Sp. 10. EupHROSYNE CIRRATA.
Euphrosyne cirrata, Sars, Forhandl. i Vidensk.-Selskab. i Christiania,
1860, p. 56.
Euphrosyne cirrata, Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, p. 67.

Hab. Manger, near Bergen, Sars.

Family Il. HIPPONOIDA.

Amphinomea (part.), Grube, Schmarda, Ehlers, Quatrefages.

Amphinomiens (part.), Audouin & M.-Edwards.

Amphinome (part.), M.-Edwards in Lamarck.

Hipponacea, Carus, Handb. der Zoologie.

The animals belonging to this family are distinguished from
the Amphinomide by being destitute of a caruncle or crest on
the buccal or cephalic segment, and by haying their feet dis-
posed in only one row. Branchize are present on the dorsal
segments of the body, and are disposed either in tufts, rows,
or groups. Some of the genera (Hipponoé) possess tentacles, an-
tenn, and palpi; others (Lophonota, Didymobranchus) are des-
titute of these appendages. The eyes are four (Hipponoé, Lo-
phonotus), placed near each other, small.

Genus I. Hreronog.

Hipponoe, MM. Audouin § M.-Edwards, Ann. Sc. Nat. st series,

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. 239

tom. xx. p. 156, 1830; Cuvier, M.-Edwards, Guérin, Grube, Van
der Hoeven, Carus, Schmarda, Ehlers, Quatrefages.

Hipponoa, Audouin & M.-Edwards, Littoral de la France, ii. p. 128 ;

M.-Edwards in Lamarck, Costa, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1841.

Hipponoé, Audouin & M.-Edwards, Littoral de la France, ii. p. 117.

The worms belonging to this genus do not appear to have
been studied with care. Their eyes are four in number, though
M. Quatrefages distinctly asserts that the animals have none.
(“Caput oculis destitutum,” 7. ¢. p. 410.) MM. Audouin
and Milne-Edwards do not mention their eyes at all; nor does
there seem to be any indication of them in any of the figures of
the only species described by them. On the abdominal surface,
where, in the Amphinomide, the second or ventral series of feet are
placed, are a series, on each side of the body, of what Audouin and
M.-Edwards called pores. No notice is taken by these authors of
any appendages connected with them; and M. Quatrefages, in his
description of the only species known to him, calls these pores
“ depressions,’ and says, they are “destitute of sete or hooks.”
(“In abdomine remi inferi loco, depressio quedam setis unci-
nisque destituta,” 7. c. p. 410.)

These pores or depressions appear to me to be in reality
organs of apprehension, for at the bottom of each are a number
of short fleshy looking hooked or slightly uncinate spines. The
set of the feet are all alike, subulate, slender, simple. They
possess only one cirrus.

Sp. 1. Hrprponok GavpicHavDl.

Hipponoé Gaudichaudi, Audouin § M.-Edwards, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1st series,
tom, xx. p. 159, tab. ii. f. 1-5, 1830; Cuvier, Regne Animal, 2nd
edit. tom. iii. p. 199, 1830; Guérin, Iconog. R. An. (texte), Annélides,
p. 8, tab. iv. bis. f. 3-3a-3p (copied from Ann. Se. Nat.); M.-Ed-
wards, Régne Anim. edit. Crochard, tab. viii. f. 4,44—B, Littoral de la
France, ii. 239 (note); Grube, Famil. der Annelid. p.41; Van der
Hoewen, Handb. der Zoologie, i. 231 ; Carus, Handb. der Zoologie, ii.
p- 435; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i.410; Valenciennes, MS.
in Mus. Paris.

Hipponoa Gaudichaudi, M.-Edwards, in Lamk, An. s. Vert. 2nd edit.
tom. v. p. 574.

Hab. Port Jackson, Gaudichaud fide Audouin §& M.-Edwards ;
Madeira, and amongst barnacles on a log of timber near ? Madeira,
Masson (Mus. Brit.) ; concealed in valves of Lepas fascicularis,
in lat. S. 16° 0’, long. W. 5° 0', Capt. Baker (Mus. Brit.).

Head small ; eyes four, small, placed near to each other. Tentacle

240 DB. BALRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

larger than antenne or palpi. Body attenuated at each extre-
mity and composed of about 32 segments. Branchie rather
small, arbusculiform. Sete of feet all alike, slender, subulate, sim-
ple, rather long. The organs (pores of Audouin & M-.Edwards)
placed on each of the abdominal segments, on each side, are com-
posed of a depression with a somewhat corrugated raised border
round it, and having in the centre of the depression a series (5
to 7) of short fleshy-looking uncinate setz or spines.

Are these organs organs of apprehension? The specimens
of Audouin and M.-Edwards are simply mentioned as having been
found at Port Jackson by M. Gaudichaud. The specimens which
we possess in the Collection of the British Museum are described
as having been found (some) amongst barnacles on a log of ship
timber, others as having been concealed in the valves of Lepas
fascicularis in lat. 16° 0’ 8., long. 5° O' W., and a third set as
from Madeira. By means of these organs I think it probable
that they can attach themselves to other bodies partly as pa-
rasites. If this be the case, it is curious that in many of the
specimens we possess there should be attached to their under
surface small animals which are doubtless parasitic to them.

Sp. 2. Hipronoz Crancuii, sp. nov. (Plate VI. figs. 7-14.)

In the Museum Collection are two specimens, collected by Mr.
Cranch in the Congo expedition, which appear to me to be un-
described.

The worm is only about half an inch long. The body is fusiform
in shape, attenuated at either extremity, and composed of about 20
segments. The head is small, but the mouth is very large com-
pared with the size of the animal. The tentacle, antenne, and
palpi are similar to those of the preceding species. Eyes could not
be detected. The branchiz are larger and are composed of more
branchlets than those of Gaudichaudi. The sete of the feet are
short, simple, and setaceous. The organs (? of apprehension) on
the abdominal segments are much larger than in the preceding
species, and the fleshy sete are much longer.

The size of the worm, the comparative size of the mouth, the
branchie, and the organs of apprehension, and the shortness of
the sete of the feet distinguish this species very well. The
organs (? of apprehension) appear to be more produced than in
any of the specimens we possess of Gaudichaudi, and the sete
are even more hooked at the point, thus confirming my opinion

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. 241

that these organs are retractile, and that, at times at least, they
serve the purpose of prehension.

Genus I]. Lopuonora.

Lophonota, Costa, Ann. Sc. Nat. 2nd ser. xvi. 1841; Grube, Schmarda,
Carus, Ehlers, Quatrefages.

This genus, proposed by Costa for an Annelid found by him in
the Bay of Naples, does not seem to have been seen by any other
author since his time. It is characterized by having no caruncle,
and nothing in the place of tentacle or antenne. It has four
eyes, at least it possesses four small black spots in the place where
the eyes ought to be. The feet are disposed in one row only, the
sete are subulate and simple, and the branchie are arbuscular,
the filiform branches extended in a transverse series across the
back. The animal is furnished with a retractile proboscis, which
is surrounded with a sort of fringe.

Sp. 1. LorHonora AUDOUINII.
Lophonota Audouinii, Costa, Ann. Sc. Nat. 2nd series, tom. xvi. p. 271,
' 1841, tab. xii. f. 1, la-lv; Grube, Famil. der Annelid. p. 41;
Carus, Handb. der Zoologie, ii. p. 235; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. An-
nelés, 1. p. 411.
Hab. Bay of Naples, Costa.

Genus III. DipymMosrancuts.

Didymobranchus, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, 1863; Carus, Handb.

der Zool.; Quatrefages.

This genus has not apparently been seen by any other observer
than Schmarda, who has described two species. It is distin-
guished by the absence of caruncle and antenne, by having one
row of feet, but having both a dorsal and ventral cirrus and the
branchize pectinated and disposed each in two separate fascicles,

Sp. 1. DipyMopRaNcHUS CRYPTOCEPHALUS.
Didymobranchus cryptocephalus, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, ii.
p- 138, tab. xxxiii. f. 262; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Annelés, i.
p. 411.
Hab. Near Valparaiso, Schmarda.

Sp. 2. DrpyMoBRANCHUS MICROCEPHALUS.
Didymobranchus microcephalus, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, ii.
139, tab. xxxiii. f. 263; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 411.
Hab. Coast of Chih, Sehmarda.

242 DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Genera belonging to the Amphinomacea, their true position in
which it is difficult to ascertain in consequence of their being
too indistinetly described.

Genus I, SprntHeEr.

Spinther, Johnston, 1845; Vander Hoeven, Carus, Grube, Ehlers.
Cryptonota, Stimpson, 1843 ; Carus, Quatrefages.
Oniscosoma, Sars, Grube, Carus.

Sp. 1. SprInTHER ONISCOIDEs.

Spinther oniscoides, Johnston, Ann. §& Mag. Nat. Hist. tom. xvi. p. 9,
tab. i. f. 7-14, Catalogue of British Non-parasitical Worms,
p. 127, tab. xiv. (vi. in text), f. 7-14; Van der Hoeven, Handb.
der Zovlogie, i. 232; Carus, Handbuch der Zoologie, ii. 435; Grube,
Beschr. neuer od. wen. bekannt. Annel. in Archiv f. Naturg. 1860,
p- 74.

Cryptonota citrina, Stimpson, Marine Invert. of Grand Manan (Smith-
sonian Contributions to Knowledge), p. 36, tab. i. f. 27; Quatre-
Sages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 412.

Hab. Belfast Bay, Thompson; Grand Manan, Stimpson.

Sp. 2. SprnrHeR mMrytaceus, Grube, Beschr. n. od. wen. be-
kannt. Annel. in Archiv fir Naturg. 1860, p. 74, tab. iii.
f. 3, 3a-B; Carus, Hand. der Zool. ii. 436.
Hab Trieste, Grube.

Sp. 3. SPINTHER ARCTICUS.
Oniscosoma arcticum, Sars, Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken, in Magazin
for Naturvidensk. 1850, p. 210; Grube, Archw fiir Naturg. 1860,
p- 75; Carus, Handb. der Zoologie, 11. 436.

Hab. Norway, Sars.

Johnston first considered the genus Spinther to belong to the
Aphroditacea, but afterwards he says it is more allied to Hw-
phrosyne. In his ‘ Catalogue of British Non-parasitical Worms,’
he says it is so similar to the Huphrosyne borealis in external
appearance, that the identity of the two species may be ques-
tioned, p. 127. Sars considers his genus Oniscosoma might be-
long to Euphrosyne, only that it wants branchie ; and Carus and
Ehlers both place it amongst the Amphinomide.

Genus II. ArIsTENTA.

Avistenia, Savigny, Syst des Annélides ; Blainville, Audouin § M.-kKd-
wards, Grube, Schmarda, Ehlers, Quatrefages.

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. 243

Sp. 1. ARISTENTA CONSPURCATA.
Aristenia conspureata, Savigny, Syst. des Annélid. p. 64; Annélides
gravés, tab. 11. f. 3, 41-44; Blainville, Dict. Sc. Nat. art. Vers,
p- 453, Atlas, tab. viii. f. 2-2a (copied from Savigny); Audouin 5
M.-Edwards, Littoral de la France, p. 130. tad. iis. f. 13-14; Grube,
Famil. der Annel. p. 41; Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 412.

Hab. Red Sea, Savigny.

Only one species of this genus has as yet been described.
Savigny considers the genus as belonging to the Amphinoma-
cea, and in this belief he is followed by Blainville, Carus,
Grube, Schmarda and Ehlers; but Quatrefages only admits it a
place in this group provisionally. MM. Audouin and M.-Kd-
wards think it comes nearer to Trophonia (Siphonostomum).
Its general appearance, as represented by Savigny in his plate,
with the existence of branchiz on its dorsal surface, might readily
enough bring it amongst the Amphinomide.

Genus III. Zornea.
Zothea, Risso, Audouin 8° M.-Edwards, Schmarda, Grube, Ehlers.

Sp. 1. ZorHEA MERIDIONALIS.

Zothea meridionalis, Risso, Hist. nat. Europ. mérid. tom. iv. p. 425;
Audouin & M.-Edwards, Littoral de la France, ii. 130; Grube,
Famil. der Annelid. p. 41.

Hab. Maritime Alps, ? Nice, Risso.

Audouin and Milne-Edwards, in noticing this genus, say they
cannot refer it to any portion of the Amphinomacea, as it is de-
scribed by Risso as possessing horny mandibles. Though vaguely
described, it has been nevertheless placed in this group by
Schmarda and Ehlers.

Family ITI. PALMYRIDA*.

Palmyracea, Kinberg, Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Annulat. p. 1?, 1855;
Carus, Handbuch; Schmarda, Neue wirb. Thiere.

Palmyridx, Baird, Journ. of Linn. Soc. ix.

Palmyrea, Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés.

* This family, in Kinberg’s arrangement, as set forth by him in the Voyago
of the Danish Frigate ‘ Eugenia,’ was placed amongst the Aphroditacea, and
contained the genus Palmyra. Carus followed this arrangement, and placed
in the family the genera Palmyra, Paleonotus, and Bhawania. As far as re-
garded the name of the family and the genus Palmyra, I had adopted Kinberg’s
arrangement in my contributions to the Aphroditacea in the 9th volume of this

244, DR. BAIRD’S CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Chrysopetalea, Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, 1864.

No caruncle. Eyes four or (?) two. Feet uniramose (except in
Bhawania?). Only one bundle of sete on each foot. Branchize
in form of flat set (or palew) disposed in rows, on each side of
the back, on each segment.

A. Body short, with few segments.
Genus I. CHRYSOPETALUM.

Chrysopetalum, Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, 1864; Quatrefages.

Feet uniramose, furnished with only one tuft of sete. Head-
lobe with four or (?) two eyes, a tentacle, two antenne, and
two palpi. The first segment of body provided with four cirri on
each side; the succeeding segments with a cirrus on each side.
Body nearly as broad as long. Branchie placed on each seg-
ment, on each side of body, disposed in a fan-shaped row of flat
sete or palee *. Palez broad and rather short.

Sp. 1. CurysopeTALUM FRAGILE.
Chrysopetalum fragile, Ehlers, Die Borstenw. p. 81, tab. u. f. 3-10;
Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Anneleés, 1. 291.
Hab. Quarnero, Ehlers.

Sp. 2, ? CHRYSOPETALUM DEBILE.

Palmyra debilis, Grube, Beschr. neuer oder wenig bekannt. Annelid. tr
Wiegmann’s Archiv f. Naturg. 1855, 1. p. 90, tab. i. f. 3-5; Carus,
Handb. der Zool. ui. p. 434.

Chrysopetalum debile, Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirm. p. 81; Quatrefages,
Hist. Nat. Annelés, 1. 296.

Hab. Villa Franca, Grube.

Genus lI. Panzonotus.

Paleonotus, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere; Carus, Handb. der Zool. ;
Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer ; Quatrefages.

Society’s Journal. Ehlers, however, has, I think, satisfactorily shown that this
family is more nearly connected with the Amphinomacea; and as he has care-
fully worked out the family and genera which appertain to it, I propose fol-
lowing his arrangement, and bringing now the family Palmyride into the
group of Amphinomacez.

* These branchix, composed of flat bristles, or palee@, as they have been
called, are considered by Savigny, in the case of Palmyra, to be the sete of the
dorsal row of feet. He placed the genus amongst the Aphroditacea, and in
this arrangement he has been followed by Audouin and M.-Edwards, Grube, &e.,
who all take the same view of the case with regard to these appendages.

MONOGRAPH OF THE AMPHINOMACEA. QA45

Head-lobe with a tentacle and two antenne ; palpi wanting.
Hyes four. First segment of body provided with two cirri on
each side, united at the base. Feet uniramose, with only one
tuft of bristles. Body oblong, short. Branchie as in Chrysope-
talum ; pales short and broad.

Sp. 1. Parzonorus CHRYSOLEPIS.

Paleonotus chrysolepis, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, i. 2. p. 163;
Carus, Handb. der Zool. ii. p. 434; Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, p. 80 ;
Quatrefuges, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. 297.

Hab. Cape of Good Hope, Schmarda.

Genus III. Patmyra.

Palmyra, Savigny, Blainville, Cuvier, Lamarck, Audouin & M.-Edwards,
Grube, Gervais, Van der Hoeven, Kinberg, Carus, Schmarda, Ehlers,
Quatrefages.

Feet uniramose, each foot with two bundles of bristles. Eyes
two*. Head-lobe with a tentacle and two antenne. No palpi.
First segment of body furnished with two cirri on each side,
united at the base. Body short. Branchize as in the two pre-
ceding genera. Pale narrow and rather long.

Palmyra aurifera, Savigny, Syst. des Annélides, p. 17; Blainville, Dict.
Se. Nat. art. Vers, p. 463; Lamarck, An. s. Vert. 1st edit. v. p. 306,
2nd edit. v. p. 541; Cuvier, Réegne Animal, tom. ii. p. 206 ; Audouin
§ M.-Edwards, Ann. Se. Nat. tom. xxvii. p. 445, tab. x. f. 1, Lit-
toral de la France, ii. 111, tab. iia. f. 1-6; M.-Edwards, Cuv. Regn.
An. ed. Crochard, Annélides, tab. xvii. f. 1, 14, 1B; Grube, Famil.
der Annel. p. 38; Van der Hoeven, Handb. der Zool. i. 232; Carus,
Hand. der Zool. ii. 434 ; Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, p. 80; Quatre-
fages, Hist. Nat. des Annelés, i. 294.

Hab. Isle of France, Savigny.

Sp. 2. PALMYRA ELONGATA.
? Palmyra elongata, Grube & Cirsted, Annulata Cirstediana, p. 25;
Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Annelés, i. p. 298.
Hab. Santa Cruz, Girsted.
Grube, in his description of this species, distinctly says,
“eyes four.” In his description of “ P. debilis,’ he affirms it

* Quatrefages, in the definition of this genus, says, ‘‘ Caput oculis destitu-
tum.” Savigny distinctly assigns two eyes as a generic character ; and Audouin
and M.-Edwards, in their ‘ Littoral de la France,’ distinctly affirm the existence
of a similar number, and represent the species P. aurifera as possessing two of
these organs. M.-Edwards gives a similar representation of them in the figure
he gives of this same species in Crochard’s edition of Cuyier’s ‘ Régne Animal.’

LINN. PROC.— ZOOLOGY, VOL. X. 17

24.6 DR. BAIRD ON TWO NONDESCRIPT LARVAL ANNULOSA.

to have only “two eyes.” Yet in his remarks on P. elongata
(J. c.), he says, though it differs from P. awrata in the form of the
ventral sete, and in the fan of the palew covering the back, it is
“numero oculorum P. debili similior”! I suspect, as in the
case of the genus Hipponoé (see remarks under the head of this
genus), that the eyes, which are small, have not been properly
examined, and that, perhaps, in all the species of this family, the
eyes are four in number, as Ehlers has so distinctly represented
in his figure of Chrysopetalum fragile (1. c.), and as Schmarda has
also done in the figure he gives of his Paleonotus chrysolepis (J. c).

B. Body elongate, with numerous segments.
Genus IV. Buawanta.

Bhawania, Schmarda, Carus, Ehlers, Quatrefages.

Feet biramose. Body long, with many segments. Head-lobe
with a tentacle, two antenne, and two palpi; branchiz apparently
indistinct. The pales numerous, narrow, in shape of spines,
disposed in rows. Seté of dorsal feet broad, obliquely truncate,
all the sete articulate. Eyes ree

I insert this genus with a doubt. The figure of the only
known species, represented by Schmarda, is very different in
form from any others of the family. The feet are biramose,
which is different also from the typical genera. Schmarda and
Ehlers, however, place this genus in this family without any hesi-
tation; and though Quatrefages throws some doubt on the sub-
ject, he remarks, “it represents in this family the Aphroditeans
with numerous segments (such as some of the Polynoés and Si-
galion), which we have seen to differ in as great a degree from
the Aphrodites and the Hermiones” (J. ¢. p. 298).

Sp. 1. BaawaNIA MYRIALEPIS.

Bhawania myrialepis, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, i. 2. p. 164;
Carus, Handb. der Zool. 11. 434; Ehlers, Die Borstenwiirmer, p. 80;
Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. Anneles, i. p. 297.

Hab. Island of Ceylon, Schmarda.

A short account of two hitherto nondescript Annulose Animals of a
larval character.

Amongst the species of Annelids in the British Museum were
deposited two specimens (in spirits) of annulose animals, which I
was led to believe were marine. One had no habitat attached to
it; the other was from the Philippine Islands, collected by the

DR. BAIRD ON TWO NONDESCRIPT LARVAL ANNULOSA. 247

late Mr. Cuming. Their general appearance was peculiar, and I
was disposed to place them (as Annelids) in a new family, fol-
lowing the family Hipponoide, and to form for them a new genus
(a genus of somewhat degraded Annelids) allied in some re-
spects to the Amphinomacea. Like some of the genera belong-
ing to the family Hipponoide, such as Hipponoé, they were des-
titute of caruncle, and had apparently the feet disposed in a
single row, whilst, as in Lophonota, there was no appearance of
either tentacle or antenne. The branchiw seemed to be meta-
morphosed into stellate groups of short sete placed in rows on
the back, where, in the Amphinomacea, the branchiz are usually
placed. Several naturalists to whom I showed these animals
at once proclaimed them to be marine; and the general appear-
ance of at least the species figured in Plate V. is such as to
lead to that conclusion. Upon more mature examination, how-
ever, their resemblance to the larval form of some insects struck
me; and in one of the species (Plate VI.), where the head was
somewhat more exposed, the larval structure of the organs of the
mouth became manifest. By pressing these organs outwards,
Mr. Tuffen West was able to make asketch of them iz situ (Plate
VI. fig. 4); and their resemblance to those of an insect larva
struck him forcibly at the time. A more careful examination of
the sketch so made tends to show that these are not marine an-
nulose animals, as I was led at first to suppose, but that in
reality they must be referred to the larval state of some un-
known insects. Their general resemblance, however, to marine
animals, and the belief that the structure of no larve like these
under consideration has ever been published, determined me to
bring them before the notice of the Linnean Society ; and as Mr.
West has given an exact and very good representation of both
species along with a good many details, I thought less apolog
was required.

It is perhaps objectionable to give a generic name to the
larval condition of an insect, but in the meantime, till we know
something more of the perfect insect to which they belong, and
the true nature of these creatures themselves, I have given to
them the provisional name of THETISELLA.

The genus may be characterized thus :—a row of tubercles or
feet on both sides in a single row, upon which are implanted a
tuft of strong sete. Two(?) pairs of hooks or feet on the ven-
tral surface near the anterior extremity, on the two first tho-

I git:

245 DR. BAIRD ON TWO NONDESCRIPT LARVAL ANNULOSA.

racic segments(?) A row of short spines disposed in a stellate-
formed group along each side of the dorsal surface at a distance
from the tubercles or feet. Dorsal surface rough externally.

In the Collection of the British Museum there are two distinct
species, both of which I have figured, and of which I beg to ap-
pend a description. The names, of course, are only provisional.

Sp. 1. Tuertsenta FLAvA. (Plate V. figs. 1-11.)

Body of animal of a yellowish colour, (exclusive of sete) about
1 inch in length, about half as broad as long, stout or convex on
the dorsal surface. It is composed of 12 segments, which are
very distinctly seen on the dorsal (fig. 1), but very indistinctly
marked on the ventral surface. Mouth placed on the ventral
surface, but there are no traces of eyes or antenne. The dorsal
surface is rough and covered with very fine granular-looking
bodies, interspersed among which are numerous small calcareous
spicula (figs. 9 & 11). The ventral surface (fig. 2) is quite
smooth, armed near the anterior extremity with ¢wo pairs (a
pair on each side) of curved hook-like bodies, pointing out-
wardly, like the feet of larve (fig. 7), and having along the
centre a series (about 6 or 7) of rather large circles surrounded
on the outer edge by araisedrim. Apparently there is no depres-
sion in the centre of the ring, and no appearance of hooks or
sete. The feet (?) are disposed only in one row. A bundle of sete
or bristles are implanted on the tubercles, which project straight
and are rather short and stout; they are rather numerous,
stout, flagelliform, rather long, cylindrical for about one half
their length, then suddenly and abruptly terminating in a long,
slightly curved, capillary, sharp point (fig. 6). Interspersed
amongst these there are several flagelliform sete in each tuft,
shorter than the others, with a swollen portion in the mid-
dle of the lower and stouter portion (fig. 8). The organs
which, at first view, I considered metamorphosed branchie con-
sist of a tuft of short spines placed on the dorsal surface of
each segment, on each side, about half way betwixt the centre
of the back and the feet, and are disposed in a stellate form.
Each tuft consists of about from 5 to 7 flattish sete terminated
by a short curved spine (figs. 4, 5).

Length about 14 lines, including the sete on the feet ; breadth
about 7 or 8 lines.

Hab. Unknown (Old Collection, Mus. Brit.).

DR. BATRD ON TWO NONDESCRIPT LARVAL ANNULOSA. 249

Sp. 2. THETISELLA OLIVACEA. (Plate VI. figs. 1-4.)

Body of animal of an olive-colour, short, nearly as broad as
long. Setiferous tubercles of feet long, and terminating in a
sharp point. The sete are implanted at various distances upon
the tubercles, and present exactly the same character in form
as those in flava, with a number of the shorter and stouter swol-
len sete interspersed among them (Plate VI. figs.5 & 6). The
sete altogether are nearly double the length of those of flava,
and the swollen portion of the shorter sete are very distinctly
visible to the naked eye. The segments of the body are about
11 in number, distinct on the back, but indistinct underneath.
The dorsal surface (fig. 1) is very rough, with numerous minute
granulations. The ventral surface (fig. 2) is smooth and armed
on the anterior portion with ¢wo pairs of similar hook-pointed
organs as in flava, while the rings in the middle line are dis-
tinctly hollow or depressed in the centre. The organs which I
at first considered metamorphosed branchiz are disposed in the
same manner as those of flava, the sete or filaments being
placed in a stellate form, but having the points straight instead
of being curved. The proboscis in this species is partially ex-
truded, and exhibits a fringe of short fleshy tentacles, about nine
in number, the centre one being cruciform at the apex (fig. 4)
(vide description of organs of mouth in explanation of plate).

Length about 3 an inch; breadth of body about 3 lines, but
(including setz) nearly 3 an inch.

Hab. Philippine Islands, Cuming (Mus. Brit.).

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Puate LV. Sete of feet of Amphinomide.
Fig. 1 a. Seta of dorsal row of feet of Amphinome rostrata. x 50 diameters.
Fig. 1 }. Seta of ventral row of ditto. x ditto.
Fig. 2.a. Dorsal seta of Amphinome Jukesi. xX ditto.
Fig. 2 6. Ventral seta of ditto. x ditto.
Fig. 3a. Dorsal seta of Hermodice carunculata. X ditto.
Fig. 3 6. Ventral seta of ditto. Xx ditto.
Fig. 4a. Dorsal seta of Eurythoé complanata. ditto.
Fig. 4 0. Ventral seta of ditto. x ditto,
Fig. 5a. Dorsal seta of Eurythoé clavata. ditto.
Fig. 5 6. Ventral seta of ditto. x ditto.
Fig. 6 a. Dorsal seta of Lirione Rayneri. x ditto.
Fig. 6 4. Ventral seta of ditto. x ditto.
Fig. 7 a. Dorsal seta of Chloeia tumida. x ditto.
Fig. 7 6. Dorsal seta of ditto, without teeth or serra. x ditto.
Fig. 7 c. Dorsal seta of ditto, of the whole length. x 20 diam.

250

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Bie
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

DID HM

SS

DR. BAIRD ON TWO NONDESCRIPT LARVAL ANNULOSA,

7d. Ventral seta of ditto, of Chloeia tumida. X 50 diam.
8a. Dorsal seta of Chloeia parva. ditto.
8 b. Ventral seta of ditto. x ditto.

Puate V. Thetisella flava.

1. Dorsal aspect. Animal enlarged two-thirds.

2. Ventral aspect. Ditto.

2a. Natural size.

3. Lateral aspect. two-thirds.

4. Tuft of (?) branchial sete along with a portion of the skin on which they
are seated. x 25 diam.

. A single (?) branchial seta. x 50 diam.
. One of the setee of the feet. x ditto.
. One of the hooklets on under thoracic surface. X ditto.
One of the sete which are found interspersed amongst the ordinary
sete of the feet. X ditto.
Portion of the dermal surface of dorsal portion of the body, showing

the granular structure of the skin, with small round masses and minute
calcareous spicula in the intermediate portion. x 100 diam.

. 10. Portion of the lateral surface of body, x two-thirds, and one of the

little knobs on its surface. x 25 diam.

. 11. The calcareous spicula interspersed among the dermal scales shown

in fig. 9. x 400 diam.
Puare VI. Thetisella olivacea and Hipponoé Cranchii.

. 1. Thetisella olivacea, dorsal view. X two-thirds.

. 2. Thetisella olivacea, ventral view. X ditto.

.2a. Thetisella olivacea. Natural size.

. 3. Thetisella olivacea, lateral view. > two-thirds. Similar knobs are

present in this species as in the last (Plate V. fig. 10), but they were
too much covered with the bundles of sete to be shown in the figure.

4. Head and organs of the mouth, showing the close correspondence of
these organs in this animal with those of several larvee of insects.
Supposing these animals to be larvee, a, a, are the antenne; m2, mx,
are the maxille, with a large inwardly projecting lobe on each,
arising from the antebasal point; this lobe has four tactile appen-
dages exactly like a similar process in the larva of the Clothes Moth,
and two short sete: 77, is the labrum; /%, the labium; /¢, /¢, la-
bial tentacles, composed of a basal joint and two sete.

5. One of the sete of feet. x 50 diam.

6. One of the setze interspersed among the others. x ditto.

7. Hipponoé Cranchii, dorsal aspect. X 3 diam.

8. Hipponoé Cranchii, ventral aspect. X ditto.

8 a. Hipponoé Cranchit. Natural size.

9. Head, as seen from beneath. x 25 diam.

10. Head, as seen from above. x ditto.

a, antenne ; p, palpi; 7, tentacle; p,s, ¢, cirrhi.

11. Branchial tuft.

12. Prehensile organ on ventral surface. X 25 diam.

13. One of the sete of prehensile organ. 50 diam.

14. One of the set of feet. x ditto.

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DR. BAIRD ON THE APHRODITACEA. 3l

Contributions to a Monograph of the Aphroditacea.
By Witt1am Barrp, M.D., F.LS.
(Continued from vol. viii. p. 202.)

[Read Nov. 16, 1865.]

Family IV. ACOETIDA.

(Acottea, Kinberg, Ofversigt. Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens
Forhandlingar, 1855, p. 386.)

Body elongate ; no facial tubercle ; tentacle short, arising from
the middle of the anterior portion of cephalic lobe; bases of
antenne concealed under the peduncles of the eyes; eyes 2, pe-
duncled; pharynx exsertile, papillose on anterior margin ; jaws
large, horny, armed with two central and many lateral teeth; .
palpi long, strong, and smooth. Elytra 39-93 pairs, placed upon
the 2nd, 4th, 5th, 7th, and all alternate odd segments onwards to

the extremity of the body ; segments not bearing elytra provided
with dorsal cirri.

Genus I. AcorrTss.

Acoétes, Audouin & Edwards, Hist. Nat. du Littoral de la France,

ii, p. 92.

Elytra flat, covering the whole back, and arranged imbricately
from behind forwards, or in the reverse way to that of the Aphro-
ditide and Polynoide, the posterior portion of each elytron being
covered by the anterior of the one behind it; peduncles of eyes
about the same length as the peduncle of tentacle.

=

Sp. 1. Acorrges Pieri, dudowin & Edwards, l. c. p.101, pl. 2a. figs.
7-14.
Polyodontes Pleei, Grube, Archiv fiir Naturg. 1855, p. 90.
Hab. Martinique, West Indies, IZ. Plee.

Sp. 2. AcoETEs LuPINA, Stimpson, Proceed. Boston Soc. v. p. 116.
Hab. South Carolina, Stimpson.

Genus II. Evrompsz, Kinberg, 1. c. p. 386.

Cephalic lobe tripartite on anterior margin ; peduncles of eyesa
little shorter than peduncle of tentacle, and occupying the anterior
portion of cephalic-lobe; elytra 93 pairs, flat, thin, and inversely
imbricated, or from behind forwards, leaving the anterior and
middle portion of the back naked, but covering the posterior part.

Sp. 1. Evpomee Grusui, Kinberg, l.c. p.387, and in Fregatten
Eugenies Resa, p. 24, tab. 7. figs. 354-35u, tab. 10. fig. 59.
| Hab. Near Guayaquil, Kinberg.

32 DR. BAIRD ON THE APHRODITACEA.
Cd

Genus III. Panrnatis, Kinberg, 1. c. p. 386.

Cephalic lobe tripartite on anterior margin; central teeth of
jaws contiguous ; peduncles of eyes of the same length as that of
tentacle, and occupying the anterior portion of cephalic lobe.
Elytra 39 pairs; the anterior flat, covering the back, inversely
imbrigated; the remainder campanulate, imbricated posteriorly,
and leaving the middle of the back uncovered.

Sp. 1. Panruatis Orrstent, Kinberg, l.c. p. 387, and in Fregatten
Eugenies Resa, p. 25, tab. 6. figs. 34, 844-34n, tab. 10. fig. 60.
Hab. West coast of Sweden, Ainberg.

Sp. 2. Panrnanis Graciiis, Kinberg, Fregatten Kugenies Resa,
p- 26, tab. 10. fig. 61.
Hab. Near Rio Janeiro, Kinberg.

Genus LV. PoLtyoponTEs.
(Renieri) Blainville, art. Vers, Dict. Sc. Nat. tom. lvii. p. 461.
Elytra very small, not covering the back, alternating with
dorsal cirri; jaws large and horny; no antenne; no tentacle ;
palpi long; eyes 2, peduncled.

Sp. 1. PoLyopONTES MAXILLOSUs.
Phyllodoce maxillosa, Ranzani, Mem. Stor. Nat. Bologna, 1820, p. 1,
tab. 1. figs. 2-9.
.Hab. Adriatic Sea, Ranzani.

Sp. 2. PotyopontEes euLo, Riippell; Grube, Archiv fir Naturg.
1855, p. 90.
Hab. Red Sea, Riippell.

Family V. SIGALIONIDZ.
(Sigalionina, Ainberg, l. c. p. 387.)

Body long, narrow; no facial tubercle; cephalic lobe rounded.
Feet, in anterior segments, provided with either an elytron or a
dorsal cirrus; in posterior segments, feet provided with both
elytra and dorsal cirri.

Genus I. Sr@anron.

Sigalion, Audouin & Edwards, Hist. Nat. du Litt. de la France, ii.
p. 3 (not Kindberg).
Sthenelais, Kinberg, 1. c. p.387.

Cephalic lobe rounded, having on its mesial portion, which is

DR. BAIRD ON THE APHRODITACEA. a0

indented, a strong tentacle, at the base of which are affixed the
antenne ; eyes 2 or 4.(?), sometimes so indistinct as not to be
easily seen. Sete of feet of three kinds—setaceous and serrulate,
subulate and serrulate, jointed and bidentate. Elytra covering
the back, furnished with simple papille.

Kinberg, in taking the Sigalion Mathilde of Audouin and
Edwards as the type of his restricted genus Sigalion, was, un-
wittingly perhaps, led into an error, from that species having
been originally described by these authors from an imperfect
specimen, in which the tentacle was destroyed.

In the illustrations to the ‘Régne Animal,’ édition Crochard,
M. Edwards rectifies this mistake, having, since the first publi-
cation of the species, met with other and more perfect speci-
mens: in these the tentacle was present.

It is only right and fair, as Ehlers had already pointed out, to
restore the name Stgalion to the typical species as correctly
described and figured by M. Edwards in the ‘Régne Animal.’
I therefore propose to retain the name Stgalion for the species
which Kinberg has placed in his genus Sthenelais, and to insti-
tute a new genus to receive such as he referred to his restricted
genus Sigalion.

Sp. 1. Steatron Matruinp2, Audouin & Edwards, Hist. Nat. du
Littoral de la France, i. p. 105, tab. 2. figs. 1-10; Regne
Animal, éd. Crochard, tab. 20. figs. 1, la—Le.

Hab. Coast of France, Edwards.

Sp. 2. Sreanron Boa, Johnston, Loudon’s Mag. Nat. Hist. vi.
p- 822, fig. 42 (1883).
Sigalion Idune, Rathke, Act. Nov. Acad. Nat. Cur. xx. pt. 1. p. 150,
tab. 9. figs. 1-8 (1843).

Hab. Coast of Britain, Johnston; Coast of Norway, Rathke
(Mus. Brit.).

Sp. 3. Staarton HELEN 2.
Sthenelais Helene, Kindberg, l. c. p. 387, and in Fregatten Eugenies
Resa, p. 27, tab. 8. figs. 36, 36a-36H.
Hab. Valparaiso, Kinberg.

Sp. 4. SIGALION ARTICULATUM.
Sthenelais articulata, Kinberg, l.c. p. 387, and in Fregatten Eugenies
Resa, p. 28, tab. 8. figs. 38, 38aA—38H, tab. 10. fig. 62.
Hab. Rio de Janeiro, Kinberg.

LINN. PROC.—ZOOLOGY, VOL. IX. 2

By DR. BAIRD ON THE APHRODITACEA.

Sp. 5. Sreanrron BLaANCHARDI.
Sthenelais Blanchardi, Kinberg, Fregatten Eugenies Resa, p. 28, tab. 8.
figs. 37a—37H.
Hab. Valparaiso, Kinberg.

Sp. 6. Sraanton ocutatumM, Peters, Monatsbericht Akad. Wissen-
schaft. Berlin, 1854, p. 610 ; Arch. fiir Naturg. 1855, p. 38.
Sthenelais oculata, Kinberg, Fregatten Eugenies Resa, p. 29, tab. 8.
figs. 39, 39B-39H.
Hab. Mossambique, Peters.

Sp. 7. SIGALION LEVE.
Sthenelais levis, Kinberg, Fregatten Eugenies Resa, p. 29, tab. 8. figs.
40, 40B-40e.
Hab. Island of Eimeo, Pacific, Kinberg.

Sp. 8. Sr@arron timicona, Hhlers, Borstenwiirmer, i. p. 120, tab.
4. figs. 4-7, tab. 5. figs. 1-10.
Hab. Quarnero, Adriatic, Hhlers.

Sp. 9. S1gaLIon aARCTUM ?
Aphrodita arcta, Dalyell, Powers of Creat. 1. p. 170, tab. 24. fig. 14.
Hab. Coast of Scotland, Dalyell.

Sp. 10. ? St@aLrion PERGAMENTACEUM, Grube, Annulata Oerstedi-
ana, p. 24.
Hab. Santa Cruz, West Indies, Oersted.
Grube refers this species, with doubt, to the genus Stgalion.

Sp. 11. Steanion Buarnvinxi, Costa, Ann. Sc. Nat. 2nd series,
xvi. p. 269, tab. 11. figs. 1, la—1d.
Hab. Gulf of Naples, Costa.

Genus IJ. THALENESSA.

Sigalion, Kinberg, non Aud. §& Edwards.

Cephalic lobe broad anteriorly; no tentacle; antenne two,
very short, placed on the anterior margin of the cephalic lobe ;
eyes 2, distant; compound sete bidentate ; simple sete serrate ;
elytra covering the back, with ramose fimbria on the margin.

Sp. 1. THaLenessa Epwarpst.

Sigalion Edwardsi, Kinberg, J. c. p. 387, and in Fregatt. Eugen. Resa,
p. 30, tab. 9. figs. 41, 41 a-41 u, t. 10. f. 63.

Hab. Sea off the mouth of the River Plate, South America,
Kinberg.

DR. BAIRD ON THE APHRODITACEA. 35

Genus III. Leantra, Kinberg, 1. c. p. 388.

Cephalic lobe rounded, receiving the tentacle in a mesial
groove; no antenne; palpi very long; eyes 2, placed near the
tentacle; superior sete closely serrulate ; inferior sete slender,
compound, pectinato-canaliculate at the apex ; anterior elytra not
altogether covering the back; no papille.

Sp. 1. Leantra Quarreracest, Kinberg, 1. c. p. 388, and in Fre-
gatt. Eugen. Resa, p. 30, tab. 9. figs. 42, 42 a-42 n, tab. 10.
fig. 64.
Hab. Sea off the mouth of the River Plate, South America,
Kinberg.
Sp. 2.. LEANIRA STELLIFERA.
Nereis stellifera, Miller, Zool. Dan. tab. 62. figs. 1-3.
Sigalion stelliferum, Sars, Forhand. Vidensk, Selsk. Christiania, 1861,

p. 51.
Sigalion tetragonum, Oersted, Fortegnelse, p.7, tab. 2.
Hab. Coasts of Norway and Sweden, Miller, Sars, and Oersted.

Genus IV. Psammonyce, Kinberg, I. c. p. 388.

Cephalic lobe anteriorly produced, and forming the thick base
of a long tentacle ; antenne none; eyes 4? (2?); superior set
simple, very slender, serrate; inferior setz strong, bidentate ;
elytra not covering the middle of the back, with long fimbrie on
their margin.

Sp. 1. Psammoryce HERMINIA.
Sigalion Herminiz, Aud. Edw. Littoral de la France, ii. p. 107, tab.
‘La. figs. 1-6.
Hab. Rochelle, M. d Orbigny.

Sp. 2. Psammoryor Pererst, Ainberg, l. c. p.388, and in Fregatt.
Eugen. Resa, p. 31, tab. 9. figs. 43, 43 s-43 a.
Hab. Mossambique, G. v. Diiben.

Sp. 3. Psammonyce Fuava, Kinberg, l.c. p. 388, and in Fregatt.
Eugen. Resa, p. 31, tab. 9. figs. 44, 44 1-44 4.
Hab. Rio Janeiro, Kinberg.

Genus V. Conconta, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Thiere, ii. p. 150.

Segments of body numerous; elytra on 2nd, 4th, 5th, 7th, and
all alternate segments up to the 27th, and then on every suc-
ceeding segment to the end of the body; dorsal cirri on all the
segments. Feet biramous; sete of upper branch denticulate ;

5*

36 DR. BAIRD ON THE APHRODITACEA.

those of inferior branch of two kinds: Ist, simple and strobili-
form; 2nd, compound and bidentate. Jaws 4.

Sp. 1. Conconta cHmruLEA, Schmarda, 1. c. tab. 37. fig. 319.
Hab, Coast of Chili, Sehmarda.

Family VI. PHOLOIDID.
(Pholoidea, Kinberg, Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, p. 1.)

Elytra on all the alternate segments; no dorsal cirri, either
on the segments possessing elytra, or on those in which elytra
are wanting.

Genus I. Puono#, Johnston, Ann. Nat. Hist. ii. 428.

Body linear, oblong ; proboscis with four horny jaws, the ori-
fice plain; eyes 2; branches of feet connate; bristles of superior
branch capillary, those of inferior branch falcate.

Sp. 1. Puono# rvornata, Johnston, Ann. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 437, —
tab. 28, figs. 1-5.

Hab. Cumbrae, Firth of Clyde, D. Robertson; Berwick Bay,
Johnston (Mus. Brit.).

Sp. 2. Puoto® rmximra, Dyster, MS. in Johnston’s Catalogue of
Non-parasitic Worms in British Museum Collection, p. 122.
Hab. Tenby, Dyster.

Sp. 3. Ponto Battica, Oersted, Conspect. Annul. Dan. fascic. 1.
p- 14, tab. 1. fig. 21, tab. 2. figs. 34-36, 40.
Hab. Coast of Denmark, Oersted.

Sp. 4. P Phono# minutA, Oersted, Grenl. Ann. Dorsib. p. 17, tab.
1. figs. 3, 4, 8, 9, 16.
Aphrodita minuta, Fabricius, Faun. Grenland. p.314.
Hab. Godthaab, coast of Greenland, Oersted.

Sp. 5. Puoto#& teota, Stimpson, Invertebrata of Grand Manan,
p. 36.
Hab. Grand Manan, in 4 forms, Stimpson.

Genus IT. Gasrroueripta, Schmarda, Neue wirbell. Th. ui. p. 158.

Elytra and dorsal cirri on alternate segments; elytra on 2nd,
4th, 5th, 7th, and all alternate segments up to the 53rd; ventral
surface covered on all the segments with elytriform lamella; feet
biramous.

DR. BAIRD ON THE APHRODITACEA. 37

Sp. 1. Gasrroneripia cLavienra, Schmarda, I. c. p. 159, tab. 87.
fig. 315.
Hab, Ceylon, Schmarda.

Family VII. PALMYRID A.
(Palmyracea, Kinberg, Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, p. 1.)

No elytra; fans of flat bristles on all the segments; segments
having cirri and tubercles alternately along the back.

Genus I. Patmyra, Savigny, Systéme des Annélides, p. 16.
Body oblong, depressed ; proboscis without tentacles on edge ;
jaws semicartilaginous ; eyes 2; feet with branches separate.

Sp. 1. Parmyra aurIFeRA, Savigny, lc. p.17.
Hab. Isle of France, Cuvier; Red Sea, Savigny.

Sp. 2. Patmyra ELoneata, Grube, Annulat. Oersted. p. 25.
Hab. Santa Cruz, West Indies, Oersted.

Sp. 3. Parmyra DEBILIS, Grube, Archiv fiir Natuwrg. 1855, p.90.
Hab. Villa Franca, Mediterranean, Grube.

Since this paper on the Aphroditacea was commenced (see vol.
viii. of this Journal, p. 172) I have, through the kindness of
M. Malmgren, now of Helsingfors, been made acquainted with an
excellent paper of his on the Annelides of the North Sea, “ Nor-
diska Hafs-Annulater,” published in the ‘ Ofversight af K. Vet.
Akad. Forhandlingar’ for 1865. I regret not having seen this
paper before these “ Contributions to a Monograph of the Aphro-
ditacea’’ were first commenced in this Journal. In his paper
M. Malmgren has instituted no fewer than ten new genera be-
longing to the family Polynoide. Of these I can only here
mention the names, with a reference to the species enumerated in
my “ Contributions.”

I. Nycuta. To this genus he refers nos. 2 & 3 of the genus
Harmothoé, pp. 194,195, H.assimilis and H. scabra. These two
species he regards as only one, and as being synonymous with
the Aphrodita cirrosa of Pallas.

II. Evyo#. To this genus he refers the Lepidonota scabra of
Oersted, which, upon very good grounds, he considers distinct
from the Aphrodita scabra of Fabricius.

III. Laaisca. To this genus he refers no. 11 of the genus
Harmothoé, p.195, the Polynoé rarispina of Sars.

38 MR. J. COUCH ON A NEWLY DISCOVERED BRITISH FISH.

IV. Evarnz. To this genus he refers no. 3 of the genus
Antinoé, p. 192, the Polynoé impar of Johnson.

V. Lanttra. To this genus he refers no. 1 of the genus
Antinoé, p. 192, the Polynoé levis of MM. Audouin & Edwards.

VI. Mevents, and VII. Evcrantia. Of these two genera no
species had been described previously.

VIII. Atzentia. To this genus Malmgren refers no 9 of the
genus Halosydna, p. 187, the Polynoé gelatinosa of Sars.

IX. Entpo, and X. Nemrp1a. These genera approach the re-
stricted genus Polynoé; but no species had previously been
described.

Some Account of a newly discovered British Fish of the Family
Gadide and the genus Oouchia. By Jonaruan Coucu, F.LS.,
&e.

[Read Nov. 16, 1865. ]
THE genus Oouchia was formed by Mr. W. Thompson, and has
been adopted by Dr. Giinther, as separated from that of Motella
or the Rocklings by the more moderately lengthened body of the
species, which is also compressed, and by the silvery and brilliant
appearance of the sides. In fact, in their general proportions
the fishes of this genus are as different from the Rocklings as,
among their kindred the other Gadide, the Pollack and Whiting
are from the Ling; while their manners also, so far as they
are known, are as different as their shape. And yet, in some
of the more prominent particulars of their organization, there
exists a similarity between the Motelle and Couchie, which is
the more remarkable as it consists of a relative gradation in the
species of each, which is only to be traced throughout by the dis-
covery of one, of which a notice is now presented to the Linnean

Society.

As there is a species of Motella which is characterized by the
presence of four prominent barbs placed in pairs on the front of
the head, with a barb dependent also from the lower jaw, so we
find in the best-known, and probably most widely spread, of the
genus Couchia, the Mackerel Midge (C. glauca), a similar confor-
mation, together with a characteristic ciliated membrane situated
in a chink in advance of the dorsal fin; which membrane certainly
is not itself a fin, but an organ of sensibility which is in its most
lively motion when the proper fins are at rest. But long before

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