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ANNALS

OF THE

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

t

I.— Descriptions of New Species of Birds from Mexico, Cen-
tral America, and South America, with a Note on Fal-
lus longirostris.

By GEO. N. LAWRENCE.

Read January 30th, 1871.

Some of the birds described in this paper were obtained by
the late Col. A. J. Grayson, of Mazatlan, most of them on the
Tsland of Socorro, off the Pacific coast of Mexico. Col. Gray-
son’s collection, with others made in Northwestern Mexico, were
kindly placed in my hands by Prof. Henry, of the Smithsonian
Institution, for examination, with a view to furnishing a cata-
logue of them, in which the notes of Col. Grayson are to be
incorporated. As some time will elapse before this can be pre-
pared and published, I have thought best, preliminary to its
appearance, to describe the new species.

Several of the species have MS. names given them by Prof.
Baird, which in all such cases have been retained.

1. Harporhynechus graysoni, Baird, MS.
Male. Above of a rather dull reddish-brown, the front paler, a
blackish spot in front of and under the eye; chin, upper part of
throat and sides of the head pale ochreous, the latter marked with

narrow faint dusky bars; tail dark liver-brown, the outer three
FEBRUARY, 1871. i ANN. Lyc.. NAT. HisT., VOL, X.

2 Description of New Species of Birds from

feathers with a grayish spot on the inner web at the end; quills of
the same color as the tail, the larger ones narrowly edged with dull
white, the others with dull pale rufous; the entire under-plumage is
pale yellowish fulvous, sides darker, with longitudinal brown. stripes ;
bill black ; tarsi and toes blackish-brown.

Length (fresh) 114 in.; wing 44; tail 545 bill $; tarsi 13.

Habitat. Socorro Island, Mexico. Collected by Col. A. J.
Grayson, June, 1865. Type in Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution, No. 59987.

The female (No. 50808) differs in being brownish on the un-
der-plumage, without any of the yellowish tint.

Remarks. This is so distinct from all others of the genus,
that no comparisons are required.

Note by Col. Grayson.

“Socorro Thrush, Mocking-Bird. Iris brown; bill and feet
black, nails do.; soles of feet dull yellow. First primary very
short or spurious, third and fourth longest; tails lightly forked
when closed.

‘Not very abundant, but seems to be well distributed over the
island. It has all the characteristics of the true Mocking-Bird
(Mimus polyglottus) in its habits. Of solitary disposition, it
attacks every bird of its own species that approaches its usual
haunts. There was one that took up its quarters in our camp,
and was certainly the tamest bird of this genus I ever saw. He
appeared to take pleasure in our society, and attacked furiously
every bird that came near us; he doubtless regarded us as his
own property, often perching upon the table when we were
taking our meals, and eating from our hands, as though he had
been brought up to this kind of treatment; at times ascending
to the branches over our heads, he would break forth into loud
and mellow song, very thrush-like. In the still hours of the
night, while roosting on the branches near us, he would some-
times utter a few “dreainy notes, recalling to mind the well-
known habits of the trae Mocking-bird.”

Mexico, Central America, and South America. 3

2. Cistothorus wxquatorialis.

Male. Upper plumage brownish rufous, brightest on the rump;
the feathers of the crown and hind neck have their centres marked
with paler, nearly obsolete stripes; a stripe of pale rufous extends
from over the eye to the hind neck, sides of the head and neck clear
light rufous; a narrow dark brown line runs from the angle of the
mouth under the eye; the interscapular feathers are blackish-brown,
with conspicuous shaft stripes of pale fulvous; tail light rufous, with
transverse narrow bars of black, on the central feathers there are
‘ thirteen bars, on the others they are broader and wider apart; quills
dark umber-brown, the outer primaries narrowly margined with
white, the outer webs of the smaller quills and the wing coverts are
light rufous, more or less transversely marked with blackish-brown;
the under surface is pale rufous, whitish on the throat and middle of
the abdomen, brighter on the flanks and under tail coverts; under
wing coverts whitish; upper mandible light-brown, the under pale
yellowish-white, dusky at the tip; tarsi and toes yellowish-white.

Length (skin) about 43 in. ; wing 12; tail 13; bill =4,; tarsi 3.

Habitat. Pichincha, Ecuador. Type in the Museum of
Vassar College, from the coltection of Prof. J. Orton.

Remarks. This species seems of a somewhat stouter form
than C. stellaris, with longer tarsi and bill; the colors are
lighter and more rufous; it may be distinguished by the absence
of dark brown on the crown, and its clear rufous uropygium ;
the tail also is rufous, with narrower and more numerous bands.

3. Troglodytes imsularis, Baird, MS.

Male. Plumage above of a dull light brown, slightly rufescent, and
crossed with narrow faint dusky bars, front paler, the feathers of the
crown have lighter margins; the concealed feathers of the rump end
with white; lores, a narrow line over the eye, sides of the head, and
the entire under-plumage of a clear pale fulvous, the under-tail cov-
erts with dusky bars; tail light brown, crossed with numerous dark
brown bars, on the outer feathers the interspaces are whitish ; the pri-
mary and secondary quills have their inner webs dark liver-brown, the

outer webs are light brown with whitish indentations, tertiaries light

4 Description of New Species of Birds from

brown, barred with darker brown; upper mandible brown, the under
yellowish-white, dusky at the end; tarsi and toes yellowish-brown.

Length (fresh) 5 in.; wing 17; tail 1$; bill 3; tarsi 3.

Habitat. Socorro Island, Mexico. Collected by Col. A. J.
Grayson. Type in Mus. Smithsonian Institution, No. 50810. |

Remarks. This somewhat resembles 7. tnqwietus from
Panama, but that species has a stouter bill, the colors are more
rufous, and the bars more clearly defined ; the flanks and under-
tail coverts are of a darker rufous, the former faintly barred,
the latter with dark brown bars and ending with white.

Note by Col. Grayson.

“ Socorro Wren. Iris brown; bill dark brown above, under
mandible paler ; feet brown, nails black; wings much rounded,
the fifth and sixth primaries longest.

“This busy little wren is the most common bird I met with
upon the Island, and everywhere its cheerful song may be
heard in the trees, or among the brambles and rocks; like all
the birds peculiar to this Island, it is very tame. I often saw it
feeding upon dead land-crabs ; and I may here remark, that all
the birds inhabiting the Island, with the exception of doves and
parrots, subsist more or less upon this crustacean.”

4. Parula insularis.

Maie. Plumage above of a clear bluish-gray, a patch of dull green-
ish-yellow in the middle of the back; a blackish mark surrounds the
fore part of the eye; tail feathers brownish-black, with margins the
color of the back, the outer two feathers on each side have a small
spot of dull white on the inner web near the end; the smaller wing
coverts and exposed portions of the others, and of the inner quills,
are the color of the back; the concealed parts of the middle and
larger coverts are black, the ends of both largely marked with white ;
the quills are blackish-brown, the outer with narrow whitish edges ;
inside of wings white; under-plumage bright yellow, deepening to
orange on the upper breast and on the flanks, lower part of abdomen
light fulvous, in the middle and on the under tail coverts creamy-

Mexico, Central America, and South America. 5

white, thighs light ashy brown; upper mandible black, the under
yellow, with the tip brown; tarsi and toes brown.
Length (skin) 44 in.; wing 24; tail 12; bill <4; tarsi 2.

Habitat. Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Collected by Col.
Ne ide Grayson. Type in Mus. Smithsonian Institution, No.
50796. Four specimens in the collection are all males.

In the collection made by Col. Grayson at Socorro Island,
are eight specimens of Paruda, only one of which has the sex
“indicated, viz., No. 50804, a female; they are probably the
same as the males from the Tres Marias; they differ in having
the upper plumage more gray, scarcely showing any shading of
blue, but with the rump tinged with greenish-yellow, and the
quills and tail feathers edged with the same color; below they
are of a paler yellow; all the Socorro Island birds are much
alike, which may be due to seasonal change, as it is not pro-
bable that all the specimens are females.

Liemarks. Col. Grayson says of this species, ‘ perhaps
Parula pitiayumi,” but they are very<distinct. That species
is of a deeper and more decided’ blue above than all others of
the genus, whereas the present bird is paler. P. pitiayumi is
entirely of a deep yellow below, with the lores a decided black ;
in the present species the lower part of the abdomen is whitish
and the lores dusky; it also has the tail longer and the wings
shorter than those of P. pitcayume.

Note by Col. Grayson.

“Tris brown; bill black above, dull yellow below towards
the base and black at tip; feet brown, with yellow soles, claws
dark brown ; indistinct shady bars across the upper part of tail
feathers. This bird seems to be identical with the Tres Marias
species, and is quite common on the Socorro; it is a little larger
than the Marias’ bird, and less white at the extremities of the
tail feathers.”

6 Description of New Species of Birds from

o. Hzmophila sumichrasti.

Female. The feathers of the back are pale rufous, broadly marked
down their centres with dark brown, the rump is immaculate and the
upper tail coverts bright rufous; the feathers of the crown have dark
brown shaft-stripes, with their edges brighter rufous than those of
the back, there is a narrow cinereous stripe from the bill over the
centre of the crown to the hind neck; a broader stripe of ashy-white
extends from the bill over the eye, along each side of the crown as far
back as the central stripe; below, and bordering this, is a brownish-
red postocular stripe, also one from the bill to the eye; sides of the
head and of the neck, lower part of the throat and the breast, of
a pale ashy color, upper part cf throat and abdomen grayish-white,
the latter washed with very pale rufous, flanks and under tail coverts
light rufous; a short, narrow brown line extends back from the
angle of the mouth, and another parallel to it down the side of
the chin on each side; the two central tail feathers are of a rather
bright rufous, and are crossed with dusky, nearly obsolete bars,
the other tail feathers have their inner webs brownish-rufous, the
outer webs colored like the central feathers, the outer feather
very pale rufous; quills liver-brown, margined with dull pale
rufous, smaller wing coverts deep bright rufous, the middle and
greater coverts blackish-brown edged with very pale rufous; “ iris
brownish-red; upper mandible brown, the lower mandible and feet
fleshy.”

Length (skin) 53 in.; wing 24; tail 23; tarsi 2.

Habitat. 'Tuchitan, Tehuantepec, Mexico. Collected by
Prof. F. Sumichrast, September: 8, 1868. Type in Mus.
Smithsonian Institution, No. 54139.

cemarks. With the exception of the very different mark-
ings about the head, this species in coloring much resembles
my LZ. melanotis ; but it is much smaller, and differs from it in
there being no black on the crown or sides of the head, and in
haying two narrow stripes extending downwards from the bill,
on each side of the throat.

I found a single specimen of this species in a remarkably fine
collection of birds made by Prof. F. Sumichrast, in Southwest-

Mexico, Central America, and South America. a

ern Mexico, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution, and sub-
mitted to me for examination by Prof. Henry. It contains many
species of much interest, but so far this is the only one I feel
satisfied to describe as new.

Since my determination of it as a new species, I have
received a letter from Prof. Sumichrast, containing a full
description and an accurate drawing of the head, apparently
of the same bird, which he writes he is tempted to con-
sider new. It is, therefore, with much pleasure I dedicate
it to him.

6. Pipilo carmani.

Male. Whole upper plumage, head, throat, and upper part of
the breast olivaceous brown, with a reddish cast; there is a spot of
white on the centre of the throat (this last character varies in size in
different individuals) ; tail blackish-brown, edged with olivaceous and
crossed with almost obsolete dusky bars, the outer two feathers on
each side with an irregular oval spot of white on their inner webs at
the end; quills dark hair-brown, with grayish margins; the wing
coverts blackish-brown, the greater and middle coverts, the scapulars
and the tertiaries spotted with white at their ends; lower part of
breast and middle of abdomen white, sides broadly marked with
bright ferruginous, the under tail coverts pale ferruginous; upper
mandible brownish-black, the under paler; tarsi and toes light fleshy-
brown.

Length 6} in. ; wing 22; tail 3; bill 3; tarsi 1

The female differs only in having the color of the upper
plumage and that of the throat of a lighter brown; the
coloring of the abdomen, and the sides are the same in both
Sexes.

LTabitat. Socorro Island, Mexico. Collected by Col. A. J.
Grayson, June, 1865. Types in Mus. Smithsonian Institution,
No. 50848, No. 39990.

LTeemarks. As will be seen, this is quite a diminutive species ;
its style of coloring is like that of P. erythropthalmus, P.

8 Description of New Species of Birds from

—arcticus, &e. It may readily be known from all others by its
smaller size.

Col. Grayson requested that this species might be named
after his friend, Dr. B. F. Carman, of Mazatlan, to whom he
was under many obligations. With this request it gratifies
me to be able to comply.

Note by Col. Grayson.

‘Tris reddish-hazel; bill black; tarsi and toes brown ; nails
brown.

“This is an abundant species, found in all the thickets of the
Island; many of them took up their abode in our camp, picking
up crumbs about our feet, as tame as domestic fowls. They de-
lighted in bathing in the water we had placed in a basin on the
ground for their use, and frequent combats took place between
them for this privilege. It was through the agency of this
species that water was discovered in a locality where we had
not the remotest idea of finding it, and for this providential
service he was a welcome visitor and a privileged character.”

¢. Attila cinmmamomeus.

Male. Upper plumage of a rather light reddish cinnamon, the
rump and upper tail coverts pale yellowish-cinnamon, the coverts
lightest in color; front, superciliary stripe and sides of the head clear
light yellow, all the feathers having black shaft-stripes; the throat
and breast are clear yellow, the centres of the feathers with dusky
flammulations, abdomen and under tail coverts bright lemon-yellow,
sides of the breast and flanks bright pale cinnamon, thighs yellow,
tinged with cinnamon ; tail clear cinnamon, of a brighter color than
the back; quills dark brown, the primaries edged with grayish, the
secondaries with light cinnamon; the smaller wing coverts are the
color of the back, the middle and larger are blackish-brown ending
with cinnamon; under wing coverts bright yellow, axillaries tinged
with cinnamon; bill brownish horn-color, both mandibles whitish at
tip, the hook much elongated; tarsi and toes brown.

Length (skin) 83 in.; wing 3{; tail 3}; bill 1; tarsi 1.

Mexico, Central America, and South America. 9

The female differs in having grayish-white on the front, sides of the
head, throat and breast, in place of the yellow of the male; the abdo-
men is creamy-white, with a slight tinge of yellow on the lower part ;

under tail coverts very pale yellow; under wing coverts light yellow.

Halitat. Mazatlan, Mexico. Collected by Col. A. J. Gray-
son. ‘Types in Museum of Smithsonian Institute, $ No. 58231 ;
2 No. 58282. |

Remarks. Three specimens are in Col. Grayson’s collection,
two marked A. sclatert and one A. citreopygius, but I think it
a very distinct species from both; its affinities are with A. c7t-
reopygzus, trom which it differs in its upper plumage being not at
all tinged with brown, the light marking on the rump apparently
more restricted, the yellow coloring below clearer and brighter,
without any brown on the sides of the breast, and the under
wing coverts yellow—not light cinnamon as in that species ;
the tail is lighter in color, not inclining to brown; the feathers
overlying the pleura are brighter in color and more elongated ;
it is larger than A. eztreopygius, the tail being half an inch
more in length than that of the other; the bill is more slender,
with the hook conspicuously longer, and much lighter in color.
A. sclatert has not been found, I think, north of Costa Rica;
it may be distinguished by the olive-green which prevails in its
upper plumage, also on the neck and breast.

8. Todirostrum superciliaris.

Crown and hind neck dark grayish-plumbeous, the front blackish ;
a white stripe extends from over the eye quite forward on the bill;
lores blackish; back and rump bright olive-green; tail black, mar-
gined with olive-green; wing coverts black, the ends broadly marked
with bright yellow; quills brownish-black, edged with bright yellow ;
under wing coverts yellow ; the under-plumage is pearly-white, with
the upper part of the breast light plumbeous; a wash of pale yellow on
the lower part of the abdomen and under tail coverts ; sides under the
wings light olive-green ; bill black, whitish at the end; tarsi and toes
pale brown.

Length 3f in.; wing 2; tail 12; tarsi 3; bill 4.

10 Description of New Species of Birds from

Habitat. Venezuela? Collected by Mr. Christopher Wood,
of Philadelphia. Type in my collection.

Teemarks. In general appearance this comes nearest to 7.
schistaceiceps, Scl., but has the crown of a lighter shade; is much
whiter below, the ashy coloring occupying only a small space
on the upper part of the breast; the yellow markings on the
wings are much broader and brighter ; the wings, tarsi and tail
are longer; a very distinguishing character is the white stripe,
which runs from over the eye to the nostrils, on each side of
the crown, whereas 7. schistaceiceps has a white spot in front
of the eye, not extending over it.

9, Elaimea macilvainii.

Upper plumage greenish-olive, yellowish-green on the rump; front
and crown’ blackish-brown, with a crest of light sulphur-yellow ; a
line from the bill over the eye and circle round the eye grayish-white ;
lores dusky ; tail light umber-brown, edged with yellowish-green ; the
smaller wing coverts are colored like the back, the other coverts are
dark brown, the middle ones ending with very pale yellow, forming a
transverse band, and the larger edged with the same color; quills
blackish-brown, the primaries narrowly and the secondaries rather
broadly margined with pale yellow; under wing coverts light yellow ;
chin and throat grayish-white, sides of the breast dusky olive-green,
middle of the breast pale yellow, the feathers with ashy centres, the
abdomen and under tail coverts are of a clear, rather pale yellow; bill
and feet black.

Length 42 in.; wing 24; tail 24; tarsi 3; bill 2.

Habitat. Venezuela? Collected by Mr. Christopher Wood.
Type in my collection.

Remarks. This fly-catcher in coloring most resembles Z.
placens, Scl., but is much smaller, with the upper plumage of a
darker shade; the wings and tail each measure half an inch
less than those of that species; the top of the head is darker
and the crest much paler; by these differences it is easily dis-
tinguished.

Mexico, Central America, and South America. 1]

I have named this species in compliment to my friend, J. H.
Mellvain, Esq., of Philadelphia, an ethnologist as well as
ornithologist, to whose liberality Mr. Wood is indebted for the
opportunity to make the collection, from which I obtained this
and the preceding species. ©

Unfortunately, Mr. Wood lost a considerable portion of his
collection by shipwreck.

10. Empidomax fulvipectus.

Male. The entire upper plumage is brownish-olive, the crown and
lengthened crest are a little darker ; lores dusky gray; a conspicuous
circle of pale yellow around the eye; tail dark brown, the outer web
of the outside feather dull white, the other feathers edged with olive ;
the smaller wing coverts are the color of the back, the middle and
larger are blackish-brown, ending with dull pale fulvous, forming two
bars across the wing ; quills blackish-brown, with olive-green margins ;
under wing coverts pale tawny yellow; under plumage dull yellow,
the chin grayish, the breast and upper part of the abdomen of an
olivaceous brownish-fulvous, middle of abdomen light buffy yellow ;
the upper mandible is brownish-black,'the under pale yellow; tarsi
and toes brownish-black.

Length 52 in.; wing 3; tail 23; bill =; tarsi 3.

The bill is very narrow and tapers regularly from the base, not the
least bulging at the sides; the third quill is the longest, second and
fourth nearly as long, first and sixth equal.

fabitat. City of Mexico. Type in my collection.

Remarks. This species in its peculiar coloring is somewhat
like /. bairdiz, Scl., but may readily be known by its more
slender form, longer wings and tail, its general duller color,
decided brownish breast, and slender bill, this last in /. bavrdiz
being quite broad.

The bill exceeds in length that of Z. hammondi, while it is
quite as narrow at the base.

11. Trogon eximius.
Trogon viridis, Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y., Vol. vii., p. 290.
Male. Crown and hind neck dark violet-blue, back of a shining

12 Description of New Species of Birds from

dark green, more or less mixed with violet-blue, rump and upper tail
coverts deep violet-blue; front, cheeks, chin, and throat black ; breast
fine violet-blue, connecting with the same color on the hind neck;
abdomen and under tail coverts very deep orange, sides dark grayish
slate-color, thighs sooty black ; two middle tail feathers green, with a
decided wash of blue, the outer webs of the next two feathers are of
the same color, the inner webs black—the ends of all these end nar-
rowly with black, the outer three feathers are white, their concealed
bases being black; wings black; the quill feathers have their bases
white, the primaries are narrowly edged with white for two-thirds
their length; the upper mandible is whitish horn-color, with the base
pale plumbeous, the under is dark plumbeous; feet dark brown, the
soles yellow.

Mr. J. Galbraith, in his note of this species, says, “ very common,
light blue about the eyes, irides brown.”

Length (fresh) 10} in.; wing 53; tail 6; tarsi 3.

The female is of a plumbeous slate-color, grayish on the breast, the
abdomen and under tail coverts orange; primaries of a rich dark
brown; the wing coverts and smaller quills are black, crossed with
very narrow undulating white lines, rather widely separated ; tail
blackish-brown, with a purplish gloss, the three lateral feathers are
white at their ends, the outer web of the outer feather is barred with
white, and has a few irregular bars of the same color on the inner
web, both webs of the next feather also have a few white bars.

Habitat. Isthmus of Panama. Types in my collection.

Remarks. In my eatalogue of birds from Panama, I in-
cluded this species as Z. viridis, Linn.; but as it differs so
materiaily from that species, I consider it to be distinct.

In general coloration it somewhat resembles 7” viridis, but
is rather smaller; the back is mixed with violet-blue, and the
rump is of a more intense violet-blue color; the wash of blue on
the tail is more apparent, and the orange of the under parts is
of a deeper shade; but the most distinguishing character is
that of the outer tail feathers, which have a much greater ex-
tent of white on their terminal portions, when the tail is closed,
the under side appears entirely white, the black bases being

Mexico, Central America, and South America. 13

quite concealed, whereas in 7. viridis the ends of -the feathers
only are white, the black basal portions showing conspicuously.

Specimens referred to 7. venustus, Cab., by Mr. Cassin, are
in Prof. Orton’s collection, from Archidona, Ecuador; they
agree quite well with Cabanis’ description, except in being of
the same size as 7. viridis, not “somewhat smaller,” and that
the abdomen is deep orange; he says, ‘‘ belly yellowish-orange ;”
in deseribing 7. viridis, he has, “belly orange,” but this is
perhaps a variable character.

Compared with examples of Z. viridis from Bahia, Prof.
Orton’s specimens are more of an azure instead of violet-blue,
the upper plumage more golden, the rump less violet, being
mixed with green ; the middle tail feathers are green, without
any shading of blue, and the abdomen and under tail coverts of
a deeper orange; in the extent of white on the end of the tail
feathers, they agree with 7. viridis.

These comparative differences with 7. virzdis are very simi-
lar to those pointed out by Dr. Cabanis; as he makes no allu-
sion to the ending of the outer tail feathers, I infer they are
the same in both.

Specimens exactly corresponding with those from Archidona
are in collections received by Prof. Orton from Mr. J. Haux-
well, at Pebas on the Upper Amazon; also, I have an example
from Bogota.

The new species differs from the specimens above spoken of
as 7. venustus, in the head and breast being of a deeper blue,
the rump intensely violet instead of greenish ; the middle tail
feathers, instead of being green, are more blue even than those
of 7. viridis; the greater extent of white on the outer tail
feathers distinguishes it from this as well as from Z’. viridis ;
the orange coloring below is of a deeper color than in either
T. venustus or T. viridis.

12. Chiorostilbon caribzeus,
Male. Crown of a glittering pale golden-green, upper plumage and

wing coverts grags-green, somewhat golden; the entire under-plumage

14 Description of New Species of Birds from

is of a brillidnt uniform emerald-green, with a few white feathers on
the flanks; tail steel-blue; wings brownish-purple; bill black; feet
dark brown.

Length about 31 in.; wing 1}; tail 1}; bill 3.

Habitat. Island of Curagao. Type in my collection.

Remarks. ts nearest ally appears to be C. atala, but that
species is entirely of a golden-green; the new species is only
slightly golden above, not the least so in its under-plumage,
where it is of a much darker shade of green, and more glitter-
ing; the tail is strikingly larger and the feathers broader, the
color of which is more blue, that of C. atala being more of a
steel-black; the wings are longer, and the bill appears to be
stouter than in that species.

Three specimens were presented to me by my friend, Mr.
T. Bland; he obtained them from Mr. Henry H. Raven, who
brought them from the Island of Curagao. Two of the speci-
mens are immature males.

13. Conurus holochlorus var. brevipes, Baird,
M.S.

Male. The general plumage is grass-green; the abdomen is lighter
and has a yellowish cast; ends and inner margins of quills biackish;
inside of quills and under-surface of the tail dull yellowish; bill
yellowish-white ; feet light yellow.

There is no difference in the plumage of the sexes.

> 914 . 1 Be a1 alate ray D
Length (fresh) 124 in.; wing 62; tail 635 tarsi 2.

Habitat. Socorro Island, Mexico. Collected by Col. A. J.
Grayson, “Spring of 1865.”
tution, No. 39971.

Leemarks. Six specimens before me, compared with two ex-
amples of C. holochlorus from Salvador, have the toes uniformly
shorter; the wings of the Socorro Island bird are half an inch
shorter than in those from Salvador; in plumage there is no
perceptible difference in the two forms.

Type in Mus. Smithsonian Insti-

Mexico, Central America, and South America. 15

The toes of the two forms measure as follows :—

C. holochlorus—Outer toe 1%; middle 1$; inner #; hind 4.

O. brevipes— Wee eg SS) eS

alco
6

Note by Col. Grayson.

“Socorro Parrot. Iris reddish-brown ; bill yellowish-white,
dark or black at point ; feet pale yellow, with brownish scutelle ;
nails dark brown. Contents of the stomach, kernels of nuts.

“This Parakeet is quite abundant and evidently belonging to
this locality, which it never leaves ; they are to be met with in
‘flocks or in pairs. In the mornings they left the cove in which
we were encamped, for the higher regions of the interior, to
feed, returning again in the evening to roost; this cove, in
which the trees are larger and the shade more dense than in
other parts of the Island, seems to be their favorite resort. I saw
them at times walking about on the ground beneath these trees,
apparently picking up clay or gravel. They are remarkably
tame, exhibiting no fear in our presence; three cages were soon
filled with them, which were caught by hand, and their con-
stant whistling for their mates brought many of them into
camp, perching upon the cages and elsewhere. They feed upon
a hard nut which they find in the mountain-gorges, and on ac-
count of the inaccessible localities where this fruit grew, I was
unable to find it; the powerful jaws of this Parakeet would
indicate the fruit to be very hard.”

14. Leptoptila bonapartii.

Male. Above of a light brownish-olive, a little browner on the
wings and more olivaceous on the lower back and upper tail coverts,
hind neck grayish, with a bluish tinge; front whitish, with a slight
roseate tint, crown plumbeous-blue, grayish on the forward part and
darker towards the occiput; throat white, sides of the head lght
brownish-vinaceous, this color extending somewhat on the hind neck ;
breast and upper part of abdomen of a pale roseate color, lower part

of abdomen and under tail coverts white, sides under the wings light

16 Description of New Species of Birds from

cinnamon-brown; four middle tail feathers colored like the back, the
others purplish-black, terminating in white; under wing coverts dark
bright cinnamon; the inner webs of the primaries light cinnamon, the
larger quills are of a fine dark brown, the exposed portions of the
others colored like the back ; bill black; feet yellow.

Length 104 in.; wing 53; tail 4; bill 44; tarsi 1%.

Habitat. Mexico (A. Sallé). Type in Mus. Smithsonian
Institution, No. 29693.

Remarks. This specimen was received from Mr. Sallé and
labelled by him “ Z. albifrons, Bp.;” the reverse side of the
lable is marked “ ¢ P. V. Juin, 59.” It no doubt was super-
vised by Bonaparte, as Sallé’s birds mostly were; it is very
distinct from the species, which is now admitted to be entitled
to bear that name, viz., the bird for some time known as ZL.
brachyptera, Gray.

I found this specimen in the collection of the Smithsonian
Institution (where there are numerous specimens of the true
L. albifrons) about two years ago, and hesitated to describe it
as new, fearing to add to the confusion attached to the name of
allbifrons. In general coloration it somewhat resembles that
species, which differs in being of a lighter olive above and
more roseate on the breast, it has a much longer tail, with no
plumbeous on the crown, and may be known from all its allies
by the inner webs of the primaries being just edged with pale
cinnamon.

L. plumbeiceps, Sel. & Salv. (P. Z. S., 1868, p. 59), differs in
being dark brown above, in having the plumage of the breast
somewhat darker, and the under-lining of the wings of a more
intense color; in the new bird the plumbeous is confined
to the crown, and does not extend on the hind neck, as in Z.
plumbeiceps.

It really comes nearest to L. rufawilla, from South America,
in general coloration, but that species has the breast more roseate,
the blue of the head lighter and more restricted, the sides of
the head cinnamon color, and the feet smaller.

Mexico, Central America, and South America. 17

Under the circumstances I consider the name conferred a
very appropriate one.

15. Zenaidura graysomi, Baird, M.S.

Male. Entire plumage above olivaceous-brown, with a rufescent
tinge, the crown of a darker brown; front, sides of the head, and the
whole under-plumage dark cinnamon red, except the chin, which is
paler; auricular spot black, but not very distinct; the sides under
the wings grayish-plumbeous; the two central tail feathers are of the
same color as the back, with their centres blackish-plumbeous; the
next feather on each side has the outer web and end colored like the
back, with a rather indistinct subterminal black bar on the inner
web, below which the inner web is dark plumbeous, the next pair on
each side are grayish-plumbeous, the outer webs broadly margined and
tipped with brown, and having the subterminal black bar more
distinct, the next two on each side of a light plumbeous-gray, just
margined with brown on the outer webs, and with the black bars still
darker, the outer feather has its end and the outer web pale bluish-
white, the inner web dark plumbeous, the black spot mostly confined
to the inner web; the tail feathers underneath are brownish-black,
except the outer web of the lateral one, the end of which and those of
the next two are light plumbeous, the ends of the others becoming
darker towards the central ones, and more or less tinged with brown;
primary and secondary quills blackish-brown, the outer primaries just
edged with white; wing coverts and tertiaries of a rather lighter
reddish-brown than the back, and marked with oval black spots,
most conspicuous on the tertiaries; under wing coverts grayish-
plumbeous; bill dark brown, base of under mandible yellowish; feet
reddish.

Length (fresh) 12 in.; wing 54; tail 5; bill 13; tarsi 1.

[Tabitat. Socorro Island, Mexico. Collected by Col. A.
J. Grayson. Type in Museum Smithsonian Institution, No.
50855.

There is no difference in the plumage of the sexes. Three
specimens are in the collection, one of which is rather more oli-
vaceous on the back; otherwise all are alike.

FEBRUARY, 1871. 2 ANN. Lyc. Nat. Hist., Vou. X.

18 "Description of New Species of Birds from

The tail consists of fourteen feathers, as in the two others
of the genus; the shape of the tail is like that of Z. yucatanen-
sis, the feathers not pointed as in Z. carolinensis.

Remarks. Jt bears no resemblance to Z. carolinensis ; com-
pared with Z. yucatanensis, they are somewhat alike in color-
ing below, but in Z. graysoni the color is more uniform and
much darker; it differs from both species in the absence of
metallic coloring on the neck.

Note and observations by Col. Grayson.

“ The Solitary Dove. Iris dark brown; bill dark brown,
with a slight tinge of red; base of under mandible reddish-
purple, as also the base of the gape; tarsi and toes reddish
flesh-color, posterior portion of which is paler, nails brown-
ish-black; bare space extending from base of bill to and
around the eye plumbeous; second and third primary quills
longest ; tail graduated, with fourteen feathers, outer ones 13
inches shorter than the central. Not abundant.

‘Of all the birds I met with in the Island, this seemed to be
the most lonely; not a flock or even a pair were ever seen
together. They are remarkably tame, perhaps more so than
any bird of this order; one was captured by hand as it came
into our camp, and perched upon the rude table on which I
was at work. Its melancholy look appeared to be in keeping
with the solitude of, and its sombre plumage corresponding
with the gray brush and brown volcanic rock composing its
wild home. In form and appearance, when alive, it resembles
the common Turtle Dove.

“The first specimen seen and captured was by my son,
Edward Grayson, whose name this evidently new species
should bear—not for this discovery alone, but for the as-
sistance often rendered, in making my collections, and more
particularly on this expedition, in which he was indefatigable,
even to enthusiasm, in aiding its progress, as well as the
advancement of science, in the cause of which he came to an

untimely death!”

Mexico, Central America, and Svuth America. 19

16. Note on fallus longirostris, Boddaert.

I received a specimen of /?ad/us in a collection trom Bahia,
which I was unable to determine and was inclined to consider
undescribed; from the stoutness of its bill, I named it pro-
visionally 22. crassirostris. In 1868 Messrs. Sclater and
Salvin gave a most valuable and complete ‘“ Synopsis of the
American Rails” (Proce. Zool. Soc., p. 442). Not being able
to make it agree satisfactorily with any of the species therein
enumerated, and an opportunity offering to send it to them,
as they had lately so fully investigated the Rallide, I did so.

On returning it, Mr. Sclater wrote, “is true longirostris,
figured Pl. Enl. 849.” I infer from this (although not dis-
tinctly so stated) that they consider it different from crepitans ;
the two birds are very unlike, and no one with the two before
him could confound them. If right in my inference, this
would be a change of opinion since the publication of the
Synopsis, wherein crepitans is put as a synonym of longirostris ;
this view has also been taken by other recent writers, adopting
Mr. Cassin’s suggestion of their probable identity.

I find it agrees with Buffon’s plate (which is of reduced size)
in the apparent color of the back, also in the form and stout-
ness of the bill; but they differ in the coloring below, which in
the plate is more like crepitans, being of an ashy-fulvous,
instead of uniform light rufous; they differ also in the bars
on the flanks. The only characters, then, on which it can
assume the name of longirostris, are the shape of the bill and
the color of the back, if these are deemed suflicient to overrule
the coloring below, in which the plate resembles crepitans.

My specimen differed so much from crepitans, as well as from
all others, that I considered it undescribed at the time, taking
for a settled fact that crepztans and longirostris were the same;
if the Bahia bird is to take the name of longirostris, it being
certainly distinct from crep:tans, the latter name must be
restored to full specific rank.

20 Description of New Species of Birds from

The bird from Bahia is grayish-olive above, flammulated with
blackish-brown ; the under-plumage is light rufous, the throat white ;
a stripe of dull rufous extends from over the eye to the bill; the
sides and under wing coverts are brown, with transverse narrow
white bars; the upper mandible is brown on the ridge and at the
end, the remaining part and the lower mandible dark yellow; feet

yellow.
Length 12 in.; wing 54; tail 24; bill 24 to rictus; tarsi 1.

It is smaller in all its measurements than crepitans, and has
the bill fully twice as deep as in that species, the tarsi are
shorter, the feathers of the back are bordered with grayish-
olive instead of light bluish-cinereous, and the color below
of a clear light rufous instead of an ashy-fulvous; the colors
are more like those of 7. elegans, but are lighter; its smaller
size, shorter and stouter bill, distinguishes it also from that
species.

The description of 22. longirostris in Messrs. Sclater and
Salvin’s Synopsis is evidently taken from United States speci-
mens of crepitans. I have seen no description at all applicable
to my Bahia specimen, and if the evidence is not considered
sufficient for it to assume the name of dongzirostris, it may then
bear that of crassirostris.

The new species of Vireo, described below, is added to my
paper by request of Professor Baird. The description and
remarks are his, without alteration by me.

Vireosylvia magister, Barro, n. s.
Habitat. Belize, Br. Honduras.

Bill stout and lengthened. Wings considerably longer than the
nearly even, though rather short and decidedly rounded tail; the Ist
quill about equal to the 6th, or very little longer; the 3d longest ;
the 2d and 4th a little shorter. No spurious primary.

Upper parts olive-green, brightest on rump and tail; the head
above, and to a less degree the back, with a slight gloss of ashy, but
without forming acap. Beneath dull olivaceous-white, the belly (and

Mexico, Central America, and South America. 21

' the tibiz somewhat) rather buffy yellow ; the sides of neck and body
olivaceous. Axillars and inner wing coverts sulphur yellow; the
crissum similarly colored, but duller. Quills almost black, edged
internally with grayish-white, externally with olive; tail feathers
more olive-brown, edged internally with greenish-yellow, externally
with bright olive. A broad stripe of pale yellowish from bill over
and behind eye to nape, becoming paler when it reaches the eye, and
with a faint indication of a dusky border above it; a dusky brown,
well-marked stripe from bill to eye, and a small spot of the same
behind it. The bill is almost black, except the basal half of lower
mandible, which appears to have been nearly white. The legs are
blackish-plumbeous. “ Iris brown” ( Wood) ?

Total length, 6.00; wing, 3.00; tail, 2.50; difference between 9th
and longest quills, .60; exposed portion of Ist primary, 1.90, of 2d,
2.15, of longest (measured from exposed base of Ist primary), 2.24 ;
length of bill from forehead, .80, from nostril, .46, along gape, .90 ;
tarsus, .83; middie toe and claw, .70, claw alone, .24; hind toe and

claw, .56, claw alone, .27.

This interesting new species of Vireo is among the largest of
the genus, considerably exceeding in size V. olivacea, and fully
equal to V. calidris of Jamaica. In general appearance it
closely resembles the latter, but there is even less of the grayish
cap, and the dusky mandibular stripe is wanting; the under
parts are rather more olivaceous; the bill is of about the same
size. The much rounded wings constitute an important char-
acter of the species.

The much larger size, almost black bill and feet, absence of
ashy cap, more olivaceous under-parts, will readily distinguish
the species from V. olivacea. The wings, also, are much more
rounded; the first quill about equal to the sixth, instead of
being but little shorter than the fourth. The wing formula is
much the same as that of V. agilis, but the size and coloration
are very different.

This species is one of several new species of birds in a col-
lection made at Belize, British Honduras, for Dr. Henry
Bryant, by Mr. Christopher Wood.

bo
bo

Notes on the Genus Pineria, and on the

II.—Wotes on the genus Prxerta, and on the lingual dentition

of Pieri Vinquensis, Pfeiffer.

By Tuomas Bruanp anp W. G. Bryney.
Read March 20, 1871.

Tur genus Pineria was established by Poey in 1854 (Me-
morias, I., 428), and thus characterized :—

T. bulimiformis, imperforata, turrita, apertura rotundata, peris-
toma simplex, rectum, undique acutum. Animal nudipes tentaculis

duobus retractilibus instructum, apice oculatis ; labrum rotundatum ;

reptatio sinuosa.

Poey described two species, P. terebru and Beathiana, both
from the Isle of Pines, of which figures are given (Jlemorias,
1. c., tab. 34, f, 12-18).

He remarks that he had examined the living animal of P.
Beathiana with great care, but could detect no trace of “ in-
ferior tentacles,’ and Dr. Gundlach had satisfied himself of
their absence in P. terebra. Observing that the form of shell
(columella excepted) and sculpture of the former species was
somewhat like that of Macroceramus turricula, Pfr., Poey
studied its soft parts and found such tentacles existing.

In 1856 Pfeiffer (Malak. 1, II. p. 46) described Bulimus
Viequensis, from Viéque, and suggested its alliance with:
Pineria. The species is figured in Wottt. Conch. Fase. xxxi. t.
93, f. 39-41.

The late Rev. H. Parkinson, in 1857, discovered P. Viequen-
sis in Barbados.

In 1858 Fischer (Jowrn. Conch. vii, 184, t. 7, f. T-8) described
Helix Schramm, from Guadaloupe.

Pfeiffer (Jlon. vi. 843) adopts the genus P2neria, for B.
Viequensis, H. Schrammi, and Poey’s two species, and re-
marking on the evident aftinity of Fischer’s species with Vée-

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