THE AUSTRALIAN ».- - DESCRIPTIVE C ALOGUE • ' n . g/n Oil GF THE : .:: IE TWO L3ART L.- -: PART II -II Y I,: 1 QL : 377 * f L 4-0 - _ _ 'E..: Of- TH_L ••' . - E P. RAMSAY, LL.L.. F.5.S.E., Ci I .0. OIF TIKt'K: BY anas TO li m a r^ cr : i-n i m o THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, SYRACUSE, N, Y, DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE OF IN TWO PARTS: PART I.-SCYPHOMEDUSJE, PART II.-HYDROMEDTJS^E. , BY R. VON LENDENFELO, PH.D. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. E. P. RAMSAY, LL.D., F.R.S.E., Curator. SYDNEY : CHARLES POTTER, GOVERNMENT PRINTER. 1887. 5e 2—87 PART I. SCYPHOMEDUS^E CORRECTION. The Plate referred to on page 4 of Part I, unfortunately cannot be re-produced ; the work is, therefor, issued without it. The original painting is in the possession of the Linnean Society of N.S.W. For Cuidaria, wherever occurring, read Cnidaria. THE SCYPHOMEDUSH OF THE AUSTRALIAN BY E. v. LEXDEXFELD, Pn.D. INTRODUCTION. THE difficulty connected with the preservation of these beautiful animals has been a great obstacle in the way of a thorough knowledge of them. A number of species have been described from Australia in narratives of voyages. Some of these were figured from life on the ship. These figures are the only true guide to the identification of old descriptions with the forms we meet with. The descriptions given by the older authors are often short diagnoses, and therefore utterly useless ; even some of the more recently described forms appear doubtful. Haeckel (Das System der Medusen, 1879) has described a number of Aus- tralian species from spirit specimens, which were mostly very defective, so that many of his forms appear doubtful. It is by no means unlikely that some of his species are only the young stages of others. (Glaus, Unter- suchungen tiber die Organisation und Entwickelung der Medusen, 1883.) On the whole our knowledge of the Australian Scyphomedusse was not at all in proportion to the gi^eat abundance, variety, and beauty of the Australian jelly-fish, when I, four years ago, commenced my studies of the Australian Ccelenterates. Although some of the forms are very abundant, the number of species is not very great. I myself have observed three species in New Zealand, three species on the coast of Victoria, and five species in Port Jackson. Two of the latter are identical with the Victorian species. Of these nine species I was able to describe six ; of the other three not sufficiently well preserved speci- mens were obtained by me. Of these six species only one had been previously A 4 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE described, which makes it highly probable that only a very small percentage of the Australian species which occur in the places not visited by me have been hitherto described. All the forms described by me are depicted in the plate, for the painting of which I am indebted to my mother. This descriptive catalogue of the Australian species forms part of a series of similar works published by the Trustees of the Australian Museum, and I must here fulfil the pleasant duty of thanking them for the assistance afforded to me by them in continuing my researches into the Australian Coelenterates. In particular am I indebted to the Curator of the Australian Museum, Mr. E. P. Ramsay, whose courtesy and judgment have made this work pleasant and efficient. 2. CLASSIFICATION OF THE CCELENTERATES. The Scyphomedusse represent a very highly developed group of Coelenterates. The largest forms are found among them, and the structure of the various organs of the adult is in some species more complicated than in any species of the other groups. The relationship of the Scyphomedusre to the other equivalent groups can be expressed in the following manner :— The Ccelenterata form the lowest type of the Metazoa, and can be divided into two sub-types, Porifera and Cuidaria, the former with and the latter without collared entodermal cpithel cells in a part of the canal system. The Porifera comprise the single class Spongiaa ; the Cuidaria are naturally divided into the Polypomedusa^, Polyps or their descendants, and Ctenaphorje with external ribs of cilia, which are not descended from polypoid forms. The Polypomeduste again can be divided into two classes, Aphacellte and Phacellatte, according to whether they possess no entodermal gastral filaments, or whether such filaments are present. The second group comprises one class, the Ctenaphorse. The Aphacellte are constituted of the two classes, Hydromedusre and Syphonophora, whilst the Phacellata? comprise the Scyphomedusse and corals. I here adopt Ray Lankester's name Scyphomedusse. This classification is shown in tabular form on the following page, and is different from the systems commonly in use. In previous papers I have given my reasons for altering the classification used by Haeckel, Hincks, and others. SCYPHOMEDUS.E OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEAS. III. CLASSIS HYDROHEDim Sessil polpys or polyp colonies and free or rudimentary sessil Medusae. IV. CLASSIS SYPHONOPHORA. Tree polymorph colonies. V. CLAS.SIS ANTHOZOA. Sessil polyps or polyp colonies with internal tube. VI. CLASSIS SCYPHOMEDUS.E. Tree Medusre young stage polypoid, persistent in Leucernaridte without internal mouth-tube. Aphacellw. Without gastral filaments. Phasellatce. With gastral filaments. I. CLASSIS SPONGLE. Irregular, sessil, the principal organs mesodermal. PolypoineduscK. Polypoid, the prin- cipal organs are ectodermal or entodermal. II. CLASSIS CTENAPHOR.E. With free external ribs and more highly developed mesoderm. Porifera. Sessil with collared entodermal cells in portions of the canal system ; unsymmetrical. Cuidaria. Sessil or free without such collared cells ; radially symmetrical. Gastreadea. Sack-shaped, free- swimming, with simple ectoderm and entoderm. 6 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 3. THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE SCYPHOMEDUS^E. The Jelly-fish are sexually differentiated, there are males and females. Hermaphrodites have hardly ever been observed. The sexual products are produced on the lower side of the umbrella, mostly in hernia-shaped exten- sions of the gastral wall. Here we find certain zones where either spherical ova in the female, or oval Spermasacs in the male, are found. In Chrysaora females small sack-shaped serata are met with in the sub-umbrella wall. In the female Pseudorhiza there are entodermal filaments, similar to the ordinary gastral filaments scattered all over the entodermal surface in the canals of the umbrella and arms, which appear filled with Spermasacs. Chrysaora females sometimes do not produce any male products. Pseudorhiza seems to be a true Hermaphrodite, no purely female specimens have been observed, nor do there seem to be any males. It appears that also the Linergedre are Hermaphroditic in a similar manner as Chrysaora. By the detachment of the ova they become free, and float about in the gastral cavity. Here they are fructified. The ova may have a thick cell-wall with radial canals through it, a regular zona pellucida or their cell-wall is thin. When free they are not surrounded by a follicle which in some species, however, is present before birth. The Spermatozoa are very slender, and have a sharp spearhead-shaped head and long tail. They are produced in great numbers in the Spermasacs by the bursting of which they become free. They then swim about in the gastral cavity of the male, and leave it after a little while. Copulation, which might be supposed to occur lias not been observed, as stated above, however, the fructification of the ova takes place in the gastral cavity of the female. The youngest stages are often found attached to the moutharms or in portions of the gastral cavity. The gastrala is formed by invagination (Aairelia Chrysaora, etc.). Finally a ciliated larva is formed, which has an oval shape and consist of high cylindri- cal ectoderm cells and smaller cylinder cells in the interior. The one end, which, as the larva swims about, is anterior, is devoid of cuidablasts. There the ectoderm consists of high cylindrical gland-cells. These produce an adhe- sive slime by means of which the larva attaches itself to a suitable surface. In the ectoderm of the posterior end an abundance of cuidoblasts is met with. The larvre up to this stage are, in many species, carried about by the mother, and there are often peculiar arrangements found for their protection. In Cyanea annaskala the larvre arc attached to the entodermal side of the moutharms in such numbers that this side may attain a white colour. In Pseudorhiza aurosa peculiar sack-shaped appendages are found on the surface SCYPHOMEDUS.F. OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEAS. 7 of the sub-umbrella, which at certain seasons appear filled with the larvae. There are numerous other amusing arrangements in the different species, whilst in some, as for instance in our Crambessa mosaica, no larvse have been observed in the body of the female medusa?. At the time when the larva attaches itself the tentacles make their appear- ance. One is formed first, and becomes clearly visible before the second opposite one commences to grow. A pair of tentacles then grows out between the two primary ones, so that a polyp, with four tentacles and a mouth in the centre of them, results. Four longitudinal thickenings are then produced in the wall of the gastral cavity, which divide the latter into four separate chambers, analogous to the chambers in the gastral cavity of the Anthozoa. The number of tentacles increases in an irregular manner to sixteen. In most cases this is the limit of the number of tentacles. The Scyphystoinpe of Crambessa mosaica, recently seen by me, possess thirty-two tentacles. This polyp, which is termed Scyphystoma, grows to a comparatively large size. It may reach, without changing its shape, a length of fifteen mm. These polyps multiply by budding to five or ten, which remain in connection by a tube, shaped stolon in such a manner that the gastral cavities are in free communication with each other. In some species the Scyphystoma does not multiply by budding, but remains solitary. The whole of the ectoderm is charged with cfridoblasts. The tentacles are solid, and filled with a peculiar kind of entoderm, consisting of large cells, with thick walls. The mesoderm is developed only in the shape of a supporting lamella, and very thin. Only in the four longitudinal gastral ridges it is more massive. The entoderm consists throughout of uniform granular cells. Muscular fibres are found in the cctodermal lubepithel ; these belong to ectodermal " ISTeuromuscle cells." When the Scyphystoma has attained its full size it commences to produce small medusas by a pi-ocess of strabilation. The distal portion of the Scyphystoma is divided into annular zones by transverse circular grooves, which make their appearance at first as insignificant depressed lines, which, however, soon increase in depth, while at the same time the inflated annular zones between them grow rapidly. Their growth commences at the upper distal end, so that we find the distal sections of the strabila much further developed than the proximal ones, and all in proportion to their distance from the base of attachment of the strabila. The Scyphystoma, which by this process has been converted into a " Strabila," does not grow in size any more. The grooves become deeper, whilst the margin divides into a number of lobes. These are mostly eight in number. In Phyllorhyza I have observed sixteen. These lobes are again 8 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE divided by a deep fissure into two secondary lobes, which are generally pointed. During these changes the groove has deepened until only a slender peduncle connects the young medusa, formed in this way, with the rest of the body of the strabila. This peduncle finally breaks off, and the young star- shaped medusa, which is termed an " Ephyra," swins away, and by gradual changes attains the structure of the adult jelly-fish. The Ephyra is a small and thin star-shaped disc, measuring 1.5-3 mm. in diameter. The margin is regularly divided into eight or sixteen primary, and sixteen or thirty-two secondary lobes. The centre of the disc is occupied by the gastral cavity, which is lens-shaped, and from which a radial canal leads into each of the primary lobes. From the lower side a short quadrangular tube is suspended, which surrounds the mouth, situated at its base. The mouth is extended in the four primary radius, which being vertical on each other, give the mouth the peculiar shape of a cross. At the terminations of the eight or sixteen primary radial canals, and situated in the depressions between the secondary lobes, the marginal sense organs are found. These consist of a conic body, the smaller end pointing outward, and contain a number of crystalloid bodies in their distal entremity, the otoliths. They are hollow. The cavity is clothed with entoderm, and communicates with the primary radial canals. Gastral filaments make their appearance in the Interradii on the lower side of the stomach. Histologically the Ephyra is nearly as highly developed as the adult. The sexual organs are not yet formed, and the nerves, which radiate from the marginal sense, organs, extend in the ectodermal epithelium instead of the sub-epithelium as in the adult. It appears that not all the species of Scyphomedusre undergo this change of generation. Pelagic species are developed from the invaginated gastrula direct in as much as the gastrula never becomes sessil, and produces a great amount of mesodermal gallert at an early stage, at the same time it attains a flattened shape, forms a mouth, and is directly converted into an Ephyra. Aurelia, although generally developing in the usual way by means of a change of generations, may under certain circumstances develop direct hypogenetically. Haeckel assumes that the Oubftmedusa?, the development of which is unknown, may develop likewise in a hypogenetic manner without change of generation. The Ephyra is converted into the adult Medusa by a process of simple Metamorphosis. SCYPHOMEDUS.E OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEAS. 4. MORPHOLOGY OF THE SCYPHOMEDUS.E. The adult Scyphomedusre are for the most part large, disc-shaped, free- swimming animals which are found in the sea. At breeding time many, particularly the Rhizostauridse, swim up the rivers for some distance (Tajo, Parramatta, &c.), but never leave the salt or brackish water. No Scypho- mecluste have hitherto been found in fresh water. Certain forms, the Lucer- narida;, attach themselves at the aboral pole, and a similar sessile mode of life has been observed in certain Rhizostamidse by Keller and others. The Luceniaridse resemble Scyphystomas very closely. No extensive disc- shaped umbrella filled with mesodermal gallert tissue is observed in them. All the other Scyphomedusaj possess a large disc, which forms the bulk of the body above the stomach. This is termed the umbrella. The Scyphomedusa? are radially symmetrical animals, and resemble in this particular the Echinodermata so closely that many of the older authors, and particularly L. Agassiz, combined the Scyphomedusse, corals, etc., with the Echinoderma to form one group — the radiata. This classification can, however, not be retained in view of the great anatomical differences between these two, and it is not accepted at the present time. The radii are not of equal morphological value, and it is easy to recognize that the organs are always in fours, forming a cross at the beginning (Scyphystoma), and that afterwards multiples of four are added to these. The mouth has always the shape of a cross, and the four radii which pass through the dilated corners of the mouth are known as the primary radii. They are vertical on each other. Between these, and cutting them at angles of 45°, there are four other radii to be distinguished, which gass through the sexual organs ; these are the secondary radii. Between these eight again other radii of particular interest make their appearance ; these are eight in number, and termed the tertiary radii. They cut the adjacent primaries and secundaries at the angle of 22° 30'. The fundamental form of the Scyphomedusre is that of a tetramer amphi- tect pyramid. The body of an. adult Scyphomedusse consists of the following parts : — 1. A large circular disc or bell-shaped umbrella, which is very thick, and in the lower portion of which there extends a flat cavity, the stomach. The margin of the umbrella is serrated, flapped, or otherwise broken. The margin always is perfectly symmetrical. There are 4 x organs of sense — the Lucernaridfe are destitute of these marginal bodies — situated in indentures of the margin, and the margin consists of as many congruent autimers as there are marginal bodies. Each of these consists of two symmetric 10 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE halves. The plane of symmetry extends through the axis of the animal and the marginal body. The number of flaps in each such part is variable. It will be seen from this that if there are a marginal bodies (« = 4-«) and 6 flaps in each symmetrical part of an autimer, that there will be « congruent autimers ; 2«, symmetrical parts ; and 2«6 marginal flaps on the umbrella. The number x is generally 2 — that is to say, that there are eight marginal bodies and autimers each with at least two, often four or more flaps. The The number x may, however, be 1 (Cubamedusse), or greater than 2 (Collaspis, Bolycloiiida?, &c.). 2. In all Scyphomedusa?, with the exception of the Rhizostomse, tentacles are developed, which grow out from the lower side of the umbrella near the margin ; an exception is Aurelia. These are present also in the corresponding part of Lucernarida?, and their number is very variable ; they may be very numerous. The tentacles are solid or hollow, and in that case the canal which extends through them is in connection with the gastravascular system. A kind of longitudinal chorda is developed along one side, and there are longitudinal striated muscular fibres in the ectodermal sub-epithelium. The tentacles are studded with cuidablasts. Their movements are very extraordinary, they can be contracted to one hundredth part of their length when expanded. 3. The marginal bodies referred to above, which are absent in the Lucer- narida?, are hollow cylindrical organs. The cavity is in communication with the canal system, and clothed with indifferent entodermal cells. Their outer surface is covered by differentiated ectoderm cells. The distal end is invariably occupied by a heap of otoliths. Further down pigment spots are frequently developed, which indicate the presence of an organ of sight. In Euhomedusse, &c., this structure becomes very complicated, and five eyes with lenses, &c., can be distinguished on the marginal body (Charybdea, Glaus). The narrow sensi- tive cells of the ectoderm are in connection with subepithelial ganglia cells. Often a conical depression is observed on the dorsal side of the umbrella just above the marginal body in which radiating folds and nerves (1) have been observed. Sometimes, also, complicated folds are formed at the base of the marginal body, and here sensitive cells and ganglia cells have been observed (Cyanea v. Lendenfeld). From the marginal bodies, nerves radiate towards the centre of the disc. These are situated on the lower side of the umbrella, just below the epithelial surface layer of cells in the adult (Cyanea v. Lenden- feld). 4. Systems of muscles are observed in the comparatively thin lamella which covers the stomach cavity. Also these are produced in the first SCYPHOMEDUS.E OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEAS. 11 instance — phylogenetically — like the nervous elements from the ectodermal epithelium only, and situated in the sub-epithelium. The surface is folded so as to increase the extent and power of this muscular lamella, the projecting ribs are tough and elastic, and act like springs, inasmuch as they counteract the effect of the muscular contraction. The muscles are situated in very regular fields ; there are circular and radial muscles. All are composed of band-shaped striated fibrils. By their contraction the umbrella is more curved, and when the contraction ceases the umbrella is again flattened out by the elasticity of the ribs mentioned above. By this movement of the umbrella the animal propels itself through the water. It is apparent that this apparatus for locomotion is not a very satisfactory one, and the move- ment, which appears most graceful but rather languid, results in a very slow motion of the animal through the water accordingly. 5. The stomach has more or less the shape of a very flat lens. From its margin canals arise, which sometimes form networks, and which supply the margin of the umbrella with nourishing material. The surface in which these canals are situated is marked by a lamella of entodermal cells — the ento- dermal lamella, which extends throughout the umbrella, dividing into two parts — a thick upper part without appendages, the ex-umbrella, and a thin oval part. In all the vital organs are situated the sub-umbi-ella. The stomach and canals are clothed with ciliated and gland cells of intodermal origin. By the continued vibration of the cilia, the contents of the gastro-vascular cavity are kept in incessant circulation. The Scyphomedusre do not eat any large animals, biit only soft and tender organisms like themselves. 6. The sub-umbral wall contains in four localities — in the secondary radii — appendages to the gastral cavity. In the walls of these the sexual products are matured. The outer shape of these genital organs is subject to great variations. They are generally very brilliantly coloured at the time when the sexual products are ripening in them. The latter have been described above. Often the four sexual organs of the secondary radii divide. Then there are eight which occupy the tertiary radii. 7. Generally the mouth is situated at the lower side in the middle of the stomach, and is cross-shaped. The margin of the mouth is produced in all the ScyphomeduscT, with the exception of the Rhizostomse, where different structures are met with, to form lips. These may attain a very high degree of development, and grow out to form a long tube or large lamellons,* or mem- branes extensions, mouth-arms. In the Rhizostomse a vestibule is formed below the true stomach, and divided from it more or less completely. Only four columns, through each of which a canal passes, connect the vestibule stomach with the stomach proper * /S'/c. ? lamellae. 12 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE in the most differentiated genera. In others no such sub-gastral portions is found, but only four deep depressions (Schirmhahlen), dividing likewise the parochial disc from the umbrella. To the vestibule stomach eight large mouth- arms are appended, which are situated in the tertiary radii. These possess a deep groove leading to the vestibule stomach in the Chamoostomidse. (Pseudorhiza, V. Lendenfeld.) In the true Rhizostomous niedusse the two sides of the groove form extensive folds, and coalesce in many places, so that numerous irregular and small apertures are formed instead of the simple one in other medusae. The mouth-arms are always, in whatever way they may be developed, clothed with entoderm on the inner, and with ectoderm on the outer side. In the margin the cuidoblasts are particularly numerous, and here also sensitive cells are found. The sub-epithelial layers contain muscular fibres, which extend in eveiy direction, and enable the medusa to move its mouth-arms. The Scyphomedusse are present in all seas. The largest species (species of Cyanea) are found in the temperate zone. Their geographical distribution depends to a great extent on the oceanic currents, but too little is known of the Australian species at present to allow of any conclusions regarding the distribution of the Australian species, to be described below. THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES. In the following pages all Australian species hitherto discovered are described with full references. The classification is that of Haeckel, amended according to the results of the recent investigations of Glaus and myself. SCYPHOMEDUS.E OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEAS. 13 SCYPHOMEDUSvE. Ray Lancaster, 1877. CCELENTERATES without collared cells, medusoid with gasiral filaments and without internal mouth tube. I.-OUDO STAMOMEDUSJi). Haeckel, 1879. Scyphomeduste without sense organs, four or four pair of gonads in the sub-umbral wall, stomach with four large perradial pouches. Familia Johnston, 1847. Margin of umbrella simple, undivided, without hollow arms or margin flaps, with simple tentacles. On the ex-umbrella a peduncle with which the medusa affixes herself. Genus CRATEROLOPHUS. Clark, 1863. Lucernarida? with four mesagan pouches in the wall of the sub-umbrella, without marginal anchors or papilho. CRATEROLOPHUS MACROCYSTIS, R. von Lendenfeld. Craterolophus macrocystis, R. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusa? of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales; volume ix, part 1, page 157. The genus Craterolophus had only been found on the coast of Heligoland, where the hitherto single species Craterolophus Tethys (Clark) is very abun- dant, but nowhere else. Our species is accordingly the second. Unfortunately it is very rare, so that my description must be imperfect, as I only got two specimens, both of which were cut into sections forthwith. Umbrella deep bell-shaped, expanded about half as broad as high (in Craterolophus Tethys broader than high). Stalk about f of the height of the umbrella (in Craterolophus Tethys only | — J). Eight arms short at equal distances ; every arm with a cluster of about thirty tentacles. The gonads are like those of Craterolophus Tethys, feathery. Colour. — Dark olive green, fades in spirits. 14 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE Size. — Height of umbrella, 12 mm.; breadth, 6 mm.; stalk, 8 mm. high, and extended 3 mm. thick. Locality. — East coast of New Zealand : Port Chalmers, Hutton, Lyttleton ; von Lendenfekl. Ontogenesis. — Macrocystis. II.— ORDO PEKAMEDUS./E. Haeckel, 1879. Scyphomedusse with four marginal bodies which contain several eyes, four or twelve tentacles, eight or sixteen marginal flaps. Stomach surrounded by a large ring-shaped sinus, with four structures in the secondary radii. Four pair of frill-shaped gonads. Familia PERICOLPIM). Haeckel, 1879. Margin of umbrella with four tentacles and eight marginal flaps. Festoon canal, with sixteen pouches. Genus PERICRYPTA. Haeckel, 1879. Four pouches in the primary radii, with four continuous cavities. Four inter-radial tacnials of the basal stomach ; they are high cavities covered along their whole length with two rows of gastral filaments. PERICRYPTA GALEA, E. Haeckel. Pericrypta galea, E. Haeckel. Das System der Medusen. Seite, 414. Pericrypta galea, R. von Lendenfekl. The Scyphomedusse of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 1, page 166. Umbrella high, helmet-shaped, 1 J as high as broad, divided into two equally high parts by a circular groove. The four perradial pedalia of the margin of the umbrella only slightly broader than the four inten-adial ones, slightly longer than the eight marginal laps. Four tentacles as long as height of umbrella. Mouth-tuba cubic, with wide pouches with eight long adradial barbs. Size. — Breadth, 30 mm. ; height, 4 mm. Locality. — South Pacific Ocean : East coast of Australia, Schnehagen. PERICRYPTA CAMPANA, E. Haeckel. Pericrypta campana, E. Haeckel. Das System der Medusen. Seite 414. Pericrypta campana, R. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusa? of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 1, page 167. SCYPHOMEDUS.E OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEAS. 15 Umbrella bell-shaped, a little higher than broad. Shallow circular groove. Inner part twice as high as marginal ring. The 4 perradial pedalia twice as broad as the 4 interradial ones, twice as long as the 8 stump margin laps. Four tentacles twice as long as the height of the umbrella. Mouth-tube quadrangular prismatic, half as long as the central stomach, without barbs. Size. — Breadth of Umbrella, 24 mm. ; height, 30 mm. Locality. — South Pacific Ocean, near New Zealand, Weber. Familia PERIPHYLLIDJE. Haeckel, 1879. Peramedusse with twelve tentacles and four marginal organs of sense, sixteen margin flaps. Exumbrella with sixteen pedalia, and circular muscle. On either side of the pedalia a pouch. Festoon canal consists of thirty-two flap- pouches. Genus PERIPHYLLA. Steenstrup, 1837. With four perradial pouches in the mouth-tube and four basal funnel cavities. The four interradial tacnials are hollow caves, along the whole length of which there are two rows of gastral filaments. PERIPHYLLA MIRABILIS, E. Haeckel. Peripliylla mirabilis, E. Haeckel. Das System der Medusen. Seite 422. Periphylla mirabilis, E. Haeckel. Die Tiefsee Medusen der " Challenger " Expedition. Seite 54. Tafel xviii, xxiii. Periphylla mirabilis, R. v. Lendeiifeld. The Scyphomedusrc of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 1, page 168. Umbrella conic, ^- higher than broad. Pedal zone higher than the lap zone. Both together % as high as the cone. Margin laps oval, distal wings trian- gular. Tentacle laps slightly projecting, less than the 8 laps of the marginal sense organs. Tentacles twice as long as height of umbrella, at the base \ as broad as the margin laps. Mouth-tube cubic, -1- as high as umbrella, 8 adraclial long barbs. Colour. — In spirits, light violet, sub-umbral surface dark violet. Gonads orange. Size. — Breadth of umbrella, 120 mm. ; height, 160 mm. Locality. — East coast of New Zealand. Latitude south 40° 28' ; longitude east of Greenwich, 177° 43'. Depth, 1,100 fathoms. Station nr. 108, " Challenger." Wyville Thomson. 16 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OP THE CUBAMEDUS^E. Haeckel, 1879. Scyphomedusae with four perradial marginal bodies, which contain an acoustic club, with entodermal otolith sac and one or more eyes ; four tentacles or tentacle clusters in the secondary radii. Gastral cavity with four wide square pouches in the primary radii. Gonads, four pair leaf-shaped bulges which are fixed by their margin to the four septa in the secondary radii. They are developed from the sub-umbral entoderm of the pouches of the stomach, and they project free into the cavity. Familia CHORYBDEIDJE. Gegenbaur, 1856. Cubamedusre with four simple tentacles in the secondary radii, and four marginal bodies in the primary radii, without any marginal flaps in the velarium, but with eight marginal pouches, without arms in the four radial pouches. Genus PROCHARYBD1S. Haeckel, 1879. Chorybdeiclre with four simple interradial tentacles with pedalia, simple velarium without velar canals and without trenula. PROCHARYBDIS FLAGELLATA, E. Haeckel. Procharybdisflaciellata, E. Haeckel. Das System der Medusen. Seite 438. Prockaryldis flagellata, R. v. Lendeiifeld. The Scyphomeduste of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 2, page 273. Mar 'supialis flag issiml>oguc, Pi. Lesson. Acalephes, page 78. Ocyroe lineolata, Peron et Lesueur. Tableaux des Meduses, page 355. Cassio})ea lineolata, T. de Lamarck. Systeme des Animaux sans vertebres. Tome ii, page 511. Aurelia clausa, R. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusse of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 2, p. 279. Umbrella semi-spherical, twice as broad as high, 16 velar flaps of the umbrella margin protruding. Mouth-arms narrow, thin and curled, they coalesce at the base, with a large oval pointed lip-like thickening. The four labial thickenings can close (T) the entrance to the sub-genital pouches. 22 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE Colour. — Ovaries, canals, and tentacles rose coloured. Size. — Breadth of umbrella, 80-100 mm. ; height, 40-.r>0 mm. Locality. — South Pacific Ocean, Port Praslin, New Ireland, Lesson ; New Zealand, Australia (?) Peron. AURELIA C.ERULEA, R. von Lendenfekl. Anrelia ccerulea, R. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusse of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 2, page 280. The umbrella is very flat, about 5 times as broad as high, with 1C small ocular and 1G velar flaps, divided from the former by deep incisions, but from each other only by a shallow groove. The mouth-arms are broad and a little longer than the margin of the umbrella. They are rounded at the end. The centrifugal branches of the canal system divide at larger angles than in other species, so that the ramification has by no means a slender appearance. There are very few anastomoses only. It differs from Aurelia aurita (Lamarck) by its broad mouth-arms, the margins of which are not curled, and by the stubby appearance of the canal system. In these respects Aurelia colpota (Brandt) resembles Aurelia crerulea. The colour of our species is similar to that of Aurelia aurita, but fainter, and always decidedly blue. Aurelia colorata also differs from our species in colour. Aurelia flavidula (Peron et Lesueur) possess flaps at the base of the mouth- arms, and has a yellow tinge. Aurelia marginalia (L. Agassiz) has much smaller mouth-arms. Aurelia hyalina (Brandt), again, possesses lancet-shaped mouth-arms. Aurelia labiata (Chamisso et Eysenhardt) possesses 1C velar flaps like our species, but these are divided from each other by deep incisions. In Aurelia clausa (Lesson) the mouth-arms are narrow and curled, and the colour is red. In Anrelia limbata (Brandt) there also are 16 very distinct velar flaps, and the tentacles are brown. Similar in appearance to one or other of these species, it still appears advisable to distinguish Aurelia cserulea from these. The main feature of our species are the broad and smooth mouth-arms. Colour. — Transparent and blue. Only the hoof-shaped gonads reflect the light, and appear white or light rose-coloured, as in Aurelia aurita. /Size. — Diameter of umbrella, 110 mm. ; height, 20 — 30 mm. Ontogenesis. — I have obtained a single larva measuring 9 mm. This being similar to corresponding stages in European Aurelias, we may suppose that the Ontogenesis of our species is similar to that of Aurelia aurita. Locality. — Port Jackson, von Lendenfeld. SCYPHOMEDUS>£ OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEAS. 23 III.— Sub-orclo RHIZOST03LE. Cuvier. Diseomedusa? with eight large root-shaped simple or branched mouth-arms in the tertiary i-adii, with numerous suction-mouths on, or a deep furrow in, each mouth-arm, without tentacles. Familia CHAMIOSTOMID.E. Von Lendenfeld, 1882. Rhizostoma? with a continuous sub-genital porticus. The mouth-arms which originate from the brachial disc are pinnately branched, and possess on the ventral side a deep groove, bridged over in one locality only to form a filament, by the local coalescing of the membranous lateral extensions. Scattered serata throughout the gastro-vascular system. Genus PSEUDORHIZA. Von Lendenfeld, 1882. With one large filament at the bifurcation of one or all eight arms. The canal system consists of 16 radial canals and a ring canal. Centrifugally from the ring canal we find an anastamosing network of canals, whilst centrifugally there are between two adjacent main radial canals, ten canals running from the ring canal inwards radially. PSEUDORHIZA AUROSA. R. von Lendenfeld. Pseudorhiza aurosa, R. v. Lendenfeld. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Nr. 116 ; band v, Seite 380. Pseudorhiza aurosa, R. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusa1 of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceeding of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; Volume ix, part 2, page 293. Umbrella three or four times as broad as high, with a reticulate figure on the dorsal side. In every octant between the two long and narrow ocular flaps there are six velar flaps, each of which consists of three secoiidary flaps. Arms about as long as the diameter of the umbrella. Colour. — Umbrella colourless, with a violet reticulate figure covering the ex-umbrella. Entoderm of gastral cavity, brown ; upper part of mouth-arm- grooves, rose coloured ; arm, colourless and transparent ; frills along the margin of the grooves, and distal end of long filament, richly violet. Size. — Diameter of umbrella, 400 mm. ; thickness of gallert of umbrella, 30 mm. ; brachial disc, 220 mm. in diameter, and 25 mm. in thickness. Ontogenesis. — The embryos are carried about in pouches suspended in great number from the radial canals, which run centripetally from the ring canal. 21 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE They remain there till they are fit to turn into Scyphystomas, then escape and affix themselves with the aboral pole to any free submerged surface. The Scyphystoma does not differ from other Scyphystomas. Locality. — Port Phillip, von Lendenfeld ; Glenelg, Haacke. PSEUDORHIZA HAECKELi, Haacke. Pseudorhiza Haeckeli, W. Haacke. Pseudorhiza Haeckeli spec. nov. der end- spross des discoundusenstammes biologisches centralblatt. Bond 4, Nr. 10. Seite 291. Similar in every respect to the above species, but with only one single iila- ment on one arm. It seems to rne not impossible that my species Pseudorhiza aurosa may be a younger stage of this one. There seem, however, to be dif- ferences between them also apart from the difference in the development of the filaments. No diagnosis is given by Haacke in the above loc. Dr. Haacke was so kind as to furnish me with a drawing of his species, and it appears that the solitary filament of Pseudorhiza Haeckeli is much thicker, one about 3 cm, than the filaments in Pseudorhiza aurosa, which only measures -| cm in thickness. Ontogenesis — Unknown. Locality. — St. Vincent Gulf, Haacke. Familia ARCHIRHIZIDJE. Glaus, 1883. Rhizostonire of small size with eight unbranched mouth-arms, without ter- minal branches, with simple canal system. The radial canals are joined by a ring canal, and form only very few ramifications. Genus ARCHIRHIZA. Haeckel, 1879. Mouth-arms without vesicles or filaments, with sixteen radial canals, ring canal, and eight marginal bodies. With four distinct sub-genital pouches. ARCHIRHIZA TRIMORDIALIS. E. Haeckel. Archirhiza 2irimordiaUx, E. Haeckel. Das System der Medusen. Seite 565. Tafel xxxvi. Fig. 1, 2. ArcJiirhiza primordialis, R. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusse of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix., part 2, page 282. SCYPHOMEDUS.E OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEAS. 25 Umbrella slightly vaulted, hat-shaped or semi-spherical, 2 — 3 times as broad as high. Umbrella margin with 48 marginal flaps. In every octant four large pointed velar flaps, and two small ocular flaps. Mouth-arms about as long as the umbrella radius, with simple zigzag-shaped suction crisp. Size. — Diameter of umbrella, 40 mm. ; height, 20 mm. Locality. — Bass Straits, Smith. ARCHIKHIZA AUROSA. E. HAECKEL. Arcliirlci.a aurosa, E. Haeckel. Das System cler Medusen. Seite, 645. Archirhiza aurosa, R. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusaj of New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales; volume ix., part 2, page 582. Umbrella flat, disc-shaped, margin, with 80 flaps, in every octant 8 oval pointed velar flaps between two broad triangular ocular flaps ; mouth-arms one and a-half times as long as the umbrella radius, conic, simple, with simple suction crisp. 8i«c. — Breadth of umbrella, 50 mm. ; height, 20 mm. Locality. — New Zealand, Weber. Genus HAPLORHIZA. Haeckel, 1879. The mouth-arms do not coalesce with their lateral walls, and are unbranched. Sub-genital pouch continuous, dividing the brachial disc completely from the umbrella. HOPLORIIIZA PUXCTATA. E. Haeckel. Iloplorliiza punctata. E. Haeckel. Das System cler Medusen. Seite G04. Hoplorhiza punctata. Pt. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusre of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 2, page 294. Umbrella slightly vaulted with 176 marginal flaps (in each octant 10 pairs of narrow, round velar flaps, between 2 small recurved ocular flaps), 8 arms quite simple, cylindrical, half as long as the radius of the umbrella. Sub- genital ostia three times as broad as the pillars. Colour. — Ex-umbrella dark violet-brown, equally speckled with white spots. Size. —Breadth of umbrella, 40 mm. ; height of umbrella, 20 mm. Ontogenesis. — Unknown. Locality. — Coast of North Australia, Arnheim's Land, J. M. Elsc-y. £6 DESCKIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE HOPLORHIZA SIMPLEX. E. Haeckel. Iloplorltr-a simplex. E. Haeckel. Das System der Medusen. Seite 604 Hoplorldza simplex. B. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusse of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix. part 2, page 293. Umbrella flat orbicular with 48 marginal flaps (in each octant 4 large square velar flaps between 2 tongue-shaped projecting ocular flaps) ; 8 arms quite simple, cylindrical, as long as the radius of the umbrella. Sub- irenital ostia about as broad as the distance between them. O Size. —Breadth of umbrella, 50 mm. ; height of umbrella, 20 mm. Ontogenesis. — Unknown. Locality. — South Australia, Bass Straits. Museum, Godeffroy. Genus CANNORHIZA. Haeckel, 1879. With eight simple mouth-arms, which are connected with their lateral margins, and form together an octagonal tube, with one opening underneath. Sub-genital porticus continuous. Parochial disc completely separated from the umbrella. CAXXORIIIZA COXXEXA. E. Haeckel. CannorJtiza connexa, E. Haeckel. Das System der Medusen. Seite 605. Cannorhiza connexa, R. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusae of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; •solume ix, part 2, page 294. Umbrella flat, orbicular, with eighty marginal flaps (in each octant eight narrow rectangular velar flaps between two oval-pointed ocular flaps). Brachial tube formed by the lateral concrescence of eight cylindrical simple mouth-arms, a little longer than the radius of the umbrella. Above, half as broad as long, below, the same breadth. The four wide sub-genital ostia about as broad as the strong and free pillars between them. Brachial disc about as broad as the radius of the umbrella. Size. —Breadth of umbrella, 80 mm. ; height of umbrella, 30 mm. Ontogenesis. — Unknown. Locality.— South Pacific Ocean, near New Zealand, Smith. Familia CASSIOPJEIDJE. Claus, 1883. Khizostoniie with broad flat brachial disc. The eight mouth-arms are long, and possess club-shaped appendages, which are vesicles. The upper-arm con- tinued to form the main branch of the lower arm. Canal nets very dense and with fine meshes, mostly with numerous radial canals. SCYPHOMEDUS.E OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEAS. 27 Genus TOREUMA. Haeckel, 1879. With eight primate or trichotome mouth-arms. The upper arm continued beyond the first ramification to form the main branch of the under arm in the tertiary radius. Numerous club-shaped vesicles between the arm crisps 1G radial canals, 8 marginal bodies. Four distinct sub-genital pouches. TOREUMA THEOPIIILA, E. Haeckel. Toreuma theophila, E. Haeckel. Das System der Medusen. Seite 566. Cassiopeia dieupkida, Peron et Lesueur. Tableaux des Meduses, page 356. Cassiopeia thcophila, T. de Lamarck. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, tome ii, page 511. Rhizostoma theophila, Fr. Eschscholtz. System der Acalephen. Seite 53. Polydoma thcophila, L. Agassiz. Monograph of the Acalephes. Contribu- tions to the Natural History of the United States ; volume iv., page 159. Toreuma theophila, R. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusre of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix., part 2, page 283. Umbrella semi-spherical 2 — 3 times as broad as high. Margin with 96 short coalescing flaps, in each octant 10 velar flaps between two very small velar flaps. Ex-umbrella roughly granulated, studded with warts, with small oval white spots on the marginal flaps. Eight arms about as long as the umbrella radius. Witli three or four pair of broad and flat main branches. Between the clusters of crisps numerous small and 10 or 20 large club-shaped vesicles. The latter two or three times as long as the breadth of the main branches. Colour. — Umbrella, brownish-red, with white spots on the margin flaps. Gonads and vesicles, white. Size. — Diameter of umbrella, 60 — 80 mm. ; height, 20 — 30 mm. Locality. — Nord-west coast of Australia, de Witt's Land, Peron. Genus VERSURA. Haeckel, 1879. With 8 pinnate or trichotome mouth-arms, mouth-ci'oss with perradial forked suctorial crisps, without central frils. Sub-genital pouch continuous. Brachial disc derided from the umbrella. VERSURA VESICATA, E. Haeckel. Versura vesicata, E. Haeckel. Das system der medusen. Seite 645. Versura vesicata, R. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedus;v of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales; volume ix, part 2, page 296. 28 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE Umbrella flat scutiform, with, eight deep ocular incisions, 208 coalescing marginal flaps (in each octant 24 narrow rectangular velar flaps between two rudimentary ocular flaps). Sub-genital ostia half as broad as the pillar between them. Arms about as long as the radius of the umbrella, doubly pinnate, flat spread out as long as broad. Locality : Australia (North-west coast)1? Weber. Familia CEPHEIDJE. Claus, 1883. Rhizostomte with broad flat brachial disc. The eight mouth-arms form by branching dichotomously two terminal branches. They are studded with long nettle-clubs or filaments. Canal nets very dense with small meshes and generally with numerous radial canals. Genus CEPHEA. Peron et Lesueur, 1809. With eight bifurcate mouth-arms. The branches are simple and not clicho- tomous. The upper arm does not extend beyond the bifurcation. Four distinct Euligneital pouches. CEPHEA FUSCA, Peron et Lesueur. Cepheafusca, Peron et Lesueur. Tableaux cles Meduses, page 3d. Cepheafusca, E, Haeckel. Das System der Medusen. Seite 575. Cepheafusca, Eschscholtz. System der Acalephen. Seite 57. Cassiopeafusca, Dussumier. Musee du Jardin des plantes, No. 111. Polyrhiza Jusca, L. Agassiz. Contributions to the Natural History of the United States, iv, page 156. Cepheafusca, R v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusse of the Southern Hemi- sphere. Proceedings of the Lhmean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 2, page 286. Umbrella cap-shaped, central dome flat vaulted, covered with sixteen or twenty large conic excrescences. Divided from the thin margin of the umbrella by a deep circular furrow. In every octant eight flaps which appear as secondary flaps of one large primary one which lies between the two ocular flaps. The two flat branches of the under arm three times as long as the simple upper arm. They do not reach to the margin of the umbrella. Fila- ments numerous, decreasing in size centrifugally. The longest as long as the iirnbrella radius. Colour. — -Umbrella, dark brown. Ex-umbrella, with eight white radial stripes. Arms, yellowish ; filaments, white. Size. — Breadth of umbrella, 150 mm. ; height, 30 mm. Locality. — North-west coast of Australia : de Witt's Land, Peron et Lesueur ; Malabar, Dussumier. SCYPHOMEDUSJG OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEAS. 23 Genus PHYLLOPvHIZA. L. Agassiz, 1862. "With eight pinnate mouth-arm.?. The pinna; rudimentary and connected by a membrane, so that the whole arm attains an extended leaf-shaped appear- ance. Continuous sub-genital porticus. Brachial disc completely divided from the umbrella. PHYLLOEHIZA PUXCTATA, E. von. Lendenfeld. Phillorhiza punctata, B.. von. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusse of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales; volume ix, part 2, page 296. The umbrella is nearly semi-spherical, and about half as high as broad. The umbrella margin bears in every octant two sickle-shaped ocular flaps, four simple and four double flaps, all of which taper centrifugally and are truncate. These flaps consist of thick gallert, and are connected by thin membranes. Radial furrows extend centripetally from the fissions towards the centre of the disc. The sub-genital ostia are large and oval, more than twice as broad as the pillars of the brachial disc. The brachial disc is thick and a little more than half as broad as the umbrella, octagonal, with a canal system of its own, and thickly set on its ventral side with filaments, to which the young gastrula?-embryos adhere. The mouth-arms are f as long as the diameter of the umbrella. Colour. — Brachial disc, stem and branches of mouth arms, and also the ground substance of the umbrella, colourless. In the gallert of the umbrella, close to the surface, are groups of " yellow cells," zooxanthella?, which give the whole a brown colour. Towards the exumbral surface there are clouds of strongly refracting minute bodies in the gallert, which give our animal the spotted appearance from which I have derived the specific name. The suctorial crisps are brown. The long-stalked suction naps (Peitschen filamente) are colourless and transparent. Si.~e. — Breadth of umbrella, 500 mm. ; thickness of ex-umbrella, 50 mm. ; mouth-arms, 300 mm. ; filaments 200 mm. long, and at the base 10 mm. thick. Ontogenesis. — The young embryos adhere to the mother's filaments until they have nearly attained the scyphystoma stage. The ephyra is brown spotted. The young medusa goes through a complicated metamorphosis, passing through stages with 24 and 16 marginal bodies. Locality. — Port Jackson, Von Lendenfeld. Familia CRAMBESSID.ZE. V. Lendenfeld. AYith broad styliform elongate brachial disc. The mouth-arms terminate' in a long under-arm which consists of three wing- shaped parts, and possess dorsal 30 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE crisps. Often with club-shaped gallert-knots, canal-system with 8 radial canals and a distal close reticulation. Continuous sub-genital portions and free brachial disc. Genus CRAMBESSA. Haeckel, 1879. Crambessidae, with free, strong upper-arm, and strong triangular pyramidal nnder-arm, the 3 broad wings of which possess suctorial crisps without terminal knots or cripless appendages. CRAMBESSA PALMIPES, E. Haeckel. Crambessa palmipes, E. Haeckel. Das System der Medusen. Seite 620. Crambessa palmipes, R. v. Lendenfeld. The Scyphomedusse of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 2, page 299. Umbrella semi-spherical, twice as broad as high, with 64 marginal flaps. In each octant 6 square truncate velar-flaps between 2 projecting oval ocular- flaps, which are half as long as the former. Ex-umbrella finally granulated ; arms a little shorter than the radius of the umbrella ; under-arm triangular- pyramidal, pointed, surrounded by suctorial crisps, twice as long as the short and cylindrical upper-arms, which are connected with a thin membrane. Size. — Breadth of umbrella, 40 mm. ; height of umbrella, 20 mm. Ontogenesis. — Unknown. Locality. — North-coast of Australia, Koch. Museum, Godeftroy. CRAMBESSA MOSAICA, E. Haeckel. Crambessa mosaica, E. Haeckel. Das System der Medusen. Seite 622. Ci'phea mosaica, Quoy et Gaimard. Voyage de 1'Uranie, Zoologie; page 569r plate 85, fig. 3. Rhizostoma mosaica, Fr. Eschscholz. System der Acalephen ; page 53. PJiizostoina mosaica, Huxley. Philosophical Transactions; pages 422, 432; plate 38 ; figures 26, 27 ; plate 39 ; figures 28—34. Catostylus mosaicus, L. Agassiz. Contributions to the Natural History of the United States, IV, page 152. Catostylus mosaicus, Grenadier und Noll. Abhandle. Senkenberg, Ges. Band X. Seite 38. Catostylus Wilkesii, L. Agassiz. Contributions to the Natural History of United States, IV, page 152. Crambessa mosaica, Von Lendenfeld. Ueber Wehrthiere und Neselljellen. Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Band 38. SCYPIIOMEDUS.E OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEAS. 31 Crambessa mosaica, Von Lendenfelcl. The Scyphomedusa; of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 2, page 299 — 300. Crambessa mosaica, Von Lendenfeld. Local Colour Variety of Scyphomedusse. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, page 926—927. Umbrella slightly vaulted, nearly semi-spherical, 2 — 3 times as broad as high, with numerous narrow marginal flaps. (To 200 1 about 24 velar flaps on each octant.) Sides of the gastro-genital cross nearly rectangular. The same breadth at the distal, and at the proximal end ; mouth-arms a little shorter than the diameter of the umbrella. Under-arms conic, pointed below, surrounded by thickly-set suctorial crisps, three times as broad as the thin and short upper-arm. Colour. — Blue or brown, with a net of white lines on the ex-umbrella ; male genital organs — grey, green ; ovaries, deep orange-red. Size. — Breadth of umbrella, 200 — 350 mm.; height of umbrella, 80 — 120mm. Ontogenesis. — Unknown. I distinguish two varieties in this species (colour varieties of Seyphomedusse, l.c.). I. — CRAMBESSA MOSAICA COXSERVATIVA. Corresponds to the descriptions of the older author, is blue and transparent. Locality. — Port Phillip, v. Lendenfeld. Port Jackson, Quoy et, Gaimard ; Huxley ; Illawarra Lake, Drayton. II. — CRAMBESSA MOSAICA SYMBIATICA. The whole of the gallert is pervaded by an abundance of zooxanthella- yellow cells which renders them deep yellowish-brown and untransparent. In the young stage without yellow cells and colourless. This variety seems to have been produced since the older observers made their collections within the last forty years. Locality. — Port Jackson, v. Lendenfelcl. Familia LEPTOBRACHIDJE. Claus. 1883. Rhizostoma) with very broad brachial disc, in which the upper-arms are more or less retracted. The slender lower-arms are ribbon-shaped elongated and furnished with three crisps ; these may occur in the distal portion only. The canal system forms a dense network nearly throughout the whole of the disc. The radial canals are numerous. The eight which lie in the primary and secondary radii are larger than the others. Sub-genital porticus continuous. Brachial disc divided from the umbrella. 32 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. Genus THYSANOSTOMA. L. Agassiz, 1862. Tlie threo narrow wings of the under-arm possess suctorial crisps throughout their entire length. TlIYSAXOSTOMA THYSANURA. E. Haeckel. Thysanostoma thysanura, E. Haeckel. Das System cler Meclusen. Seite 625. Thysanostomx thysanura, R. v. Lendenfelcl. The Scyphomedusoe of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 2, page 303. Umbrella nearly orbicular, two or three times as broad as high, with ninety- six marginal flaps (in each octant ten truncate rounded velar flaps between two pointed three-cornered ocular flaps). Ex-umbrella polygonal, slabbed with irregular and granulated slabs, which are scarcely half as broad as the marginal flaps. Sub-genital ostia four or six times as broad as the pillars. Arms two or three times as long as the diameter of the umbrella, very narrow, ribbon- shaped, three-winged, the same breadth nearly throughout their whole length to the rounded end. Size. — Breadth of umbrella, 8 mm. ; height of umbrella, 3 mm. Locality. — Australia, Museum Godeffroy. Genus LEONURA. Haeckel, 1879. Suctorial crisps only at the distal ends of the lower-arms above the ter- minal knot. Mouth cross with 8 rays and 8 suctorial crisps in the tertiary radii, which form especial frills round the centre of the brachial disc. LEONURA LEPTURA. E. Haeckel. Leonura leptura. E. Haeckel. Das System cler Meclusen. Seite 631. Leonura leptura, R. v. Lendenfelcl. The Scyphomedusfe of the Southern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales ; volume ix, part 2, page 305. Umbrella flat, orbicular, with 80 marginal flaps. In each octant 8 rectangular velar flaps, between 2 pointed triangular ocular flaps. Sub- genital ostia three times as broad as the pillars between them. Mouth-cross of the brachial disc, with frills ; the 8 rays in pairs. Arms very long and slender, ribbon-shaped, nearly three times as long as the diameter of the umbrella, a bundle of frills at the end which surrounds a pointed three cornered terminal knot. Size. — Breadth of umbrella, 100 mm. ; height of umbrella, 50 mm. Locality. — South Pacific Ocean, near New Zealand, Weber. There are according to this Australian 26 species, with four varieties, which are distributed among 79 genera. Sydney, November 30, 1885. pinx. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. i. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. MEDUSAE. Phyllorhiza punctata. R. r. L. Cviinea annaskala. R. v. L. Var. purpurea. Monorhiza haeckeli. Haacke. Aurelia coerulea. R. v. L. Pseudorhiza aurosa. R. r>. L. Crambessa mosaica. Quay, et Gaim. Var. conservatina. Cyanea armaskala. R. r>. L. Var. 8. 10. i i. I 2. 14. '5- i5. '7- 18. 20. CTENOPHORA. Bolina chuni. R. v. L. Nt-is cordigera. Less. SPONGES. Chalinopsis imitans. R. ?'. L. Sycandra arborea. Haeck. Aplysilla violacea. R. v. L. Dendrilla rosea. R. v. L. Var. typica. Phyllospongia foliascens. Esp. lanthella flabelliformis. Anct. Rhizorchalina globosa. R, v. L. Thallassodendron rubens. R. v. L. Var. digitata. Sycandra ramsayi. R.v.L. lanthella basta. Gray. Leucandra saccharata. Vl)e origmul is i.x the possession of tlie l.iunean Society of N.S.VV. PART II. HYDROMEDUS^e. A CATALOGUE OF TUE AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS^: ; r R. VON LENDENFELD, Pn.D. Ix the following pages a complete Catalogue of all the Australian species is given, together with all references and synonyms. The Classification is the same which I have advocated and described in several former papers (90), (91). Type specimens of the greater number of the species described by myself are in the Australian Museum. LITERATURE. The Essays relating to our subject are arranged alphabetically according to the authors. The papers of the same author are arranged chronologically. 1. AGASSIZ (Alexander) — 18G5. North American Acaleplm1. Illustrated Catalogue of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., No. II. 2. AGASSIZ (Louis)— 1860-18G2. Contributions to the Natural History of the United States of America. 3. ALDER (T.)— 1857. A Catalogue of the Zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Transactions of the Tyne Naturalists' Field Club for 1857. 4. ALLMAN (George James) — 1871-4872. A Monograph of the Gymnoblastic or Tubulaiian HydroMs; Vols. I, 17, Hoy. Society for 1870-1871. 4 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 5. ALLMAN (George James) — 1876. New Genera and Species of Hyclroicla. Journal of the Linnean Society of London ; Zoology, Vol. XII. 6. ALLMAN (George James) — 1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the Exploration of the Gulf Stream ; by L. F. de Pourtale's Assistant, United States Coast Survey. Cambridge, Mass., 1877. 7. ALLMAN (George James) — 1883. Report on the Hydroida. First part ; the Plumularidte. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. "Challenger"; Zoology, Vol. VII. 8. BALE (William M.)— 1884. On the Hydroida of South-eastern Australia. Journal of the Micros- copical Society of Victoria ; Vol. II, Part 1. 9. BALE (William M.)— 1884. Catalogiie of the Australian Hydroid Zoophytes. Sydney, 1884. 10. BENEDEN (P. J. von)— 1844. Memoire sur les Campanulaires de la cote d'Ostende consideres sous le rapport physiologique, embryogenique et zoologique. Nouveaux Memoires de 1' Academic de Bruxelles ; Tome 1 7. 11. BEXEDEN (P. J. von)— 1847. Sur la reproduction des Campanulaires. Bulletin de 1'Academie de Belgique. Tome pour 1847. 12. BENEDEN (P. J. von)— 1866. Recherches sur la Faune littorale de Belgique ; Polypes ; Bruxelles 1886. 13. BERGH (R. S.)— 1878. Nogle Bidrag til de athecate Hydroiders Histologi Videns Rabelige Meddelser fro naturhistoriske ; Torening i Kjobenhaven, 1878. 14. BERGH (R. S.)— 1879. Studien ueber die erste Entwickelung des Eies von Gonothyrea Loveni. Morphologisches Tahrbuch. Band V. 15. BLAINVILLE (Henri Marie Ducrotay de) — 1834-1837. Manuel d'Actinologie ou de Zoophytologie. Paris, 1834-1837. 16. BOIIM (R)— 1878. /^J, Helgolander Leptomedusen. ^fenaische Zeitschrift fur naturwissen- schaft. Band XII. 17. BUSK (George)— 1851. On Sertularian Zoophytes of South Africa. Report of the British Association for 1851. AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS2E. 5 18. BUSK (George) — 1852. An Account of the Polizoa and Sertularian Zoophytes collected in the voyage of the "Rattlesnake'' on the Coast of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago. Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. " Eattlesnake " : App. iv. 19. CARTER (H. T.)— 1873. On New Species of Hydractinidse. Annals and Magazine of Natural History ; 4th series ; Vol. XI. 20. CIAMICIAX (J.)— 1878. Zur Frage ueber die Enstehung der Geschlechtsstoffe bei den Hydroi- den. Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie ; Band XXX, seite 501. 21. GIAMICIAN (J.)— 1879. Ueber den feinern Bau und die Entwickelung von Tubularia mesembry- antheinum, Allman. Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaflliche Zoologie ; Band XXXII, seite 323. 22. CIAMICIAN (J.)— 1879. Ueber Lafoea parisitica, nov. spec. Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie; Band XXXIII, seite 673. 23. GLAUS (Carl)— 1880. Grundziige der Zoologie. IV Auflage, seite 248. 24. GLAUS (Carl)— 1881. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Gerijonopsiden und E'lcopiden Entwicke- lung. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institute der Universitat Wien. 25. COUGIITREY.— 1876-1877. New Zealand Hydroida. Transactions of tlie Nev Zealand Institute. Vols. VII, VIII. 26. COUGIITREY. — 1876. Critical Notes on the New Zealand Hydroida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 4th series ; Vol. XVII. 27. DANA (James)— 1846. Exploring Expedition of the United States. Philadelphia, Mass., 1846. 28. DUJARDIIT (Fee)— 1843. Observations sur un nouveau genre de Medusaires (Cladonema) prove- nant de la Metamorphose des Sycorynes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles; 2'' serie, 1843. 29. DUJARDIN (Fee)— 1815. Mcmoire sur le developpement des Medusaires et des Polypes Hydraires. Annales des Science Naturelles. 2' serie, 1845. 30. Du PLESSIS (G.)— 1880. Catalogue provisoire des Hydroides Medusipares observes durant 1'hiver, 1879-80, ;i la station Zoologique de Naples. Mitthei- lungen der Zoologischen Station in Neapel. Band II, seite 143. G DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 31. EDWARDS (Milne. Blanchard et Quatrefage) — 1849. Le Regne Animal de Cuvier, illustre. Zoophytes. Paris, 18-19. 32. EDWARDS (Milne) et HAIME— 1848-1852. Piecherches sur le Polypiers. Aunales des Sciences Naturelles. 32 serie. Tome XIII. 33. EDWARDS (Milne) et HAIME— I860. Histoire Naturelle cle Corallaires. Tome III. 34. EIMER (Theodor)— 1879. Die Medusen Physiologisch und Morpliologisch auf ilir Nervensystem untersucht. Fiibingen, 1878 (recte 1879). 35. ELLIS (John)— 1754. Essay towards a Natural History of the Corallines found on the Coast of Great Britain and Ireland. London, 1755. 36. ELLIS (J.) and SOLAXDER — 178G. The Natural History of Many Curious and Uncommon Zoophytes. London, 17 80. :',7. ESCHSCIIOLTZ (Fr.)— 1829. System dor Acalephen. Berlin, 1829. 38. ESPER (E. J. 0.)— 1803-1830. Die Pflanzenthiere. Nuernberg, 1805-1830. 39. EYDOUX (X.) et L. SOULEYET— 1841-1852. Zoologie. Voyage autour du monde en. 1836-1837 sur la corvette " L:i Boiiite." Paris, 1841-1852. Tome II. 40. ELEMIXG (John)— 1822. Natural History of British Animals. London, 1822. 41. FORBES (Edward)— 1848. A Monagraph of the British naked-eyed Medusa1. Hoy. Society for 1848. l 42. FBAIPOVT (Julien)— 1879. Recherches sur 1'Organisation histologique et le Developpement de la Cainpanularia angulata. Archives de Zoologie experimeniale et generale. Tome VIII. 43. GEGEXBAUR (Carl)— 1854. Zur Lehre von Generations, weclisel und der Fortpflanzung bei Medusen und Polypen. Nuernberg. 1854. 44. GECEXBAUU (Carl)— 1878. Grundriss der vergleichenden Anatomie. Leipzig, 1878. 45. GMELIX— 1789. Liniv'-. Systema naturae, XITI ; Auflage. AUSTRALIAN 1IYDROMKDUS.K. 7 4G. GRAY (J. R)— 1843. Materials towards a Fauna of New Zealand : additional radiate animals. Dieffenbach. Travels in New Zealand. A7ol. II. 47. GRAY (J. R)— 1868. The Ceratellidse. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. VIII. 48. GROBBEN (Carl)— 1875. Ueber Podocoryne carnea, .Sars. Sitznngsberichte der Kaiserlicheu Akadenrie der Wissenschaften. Wien. Band 72. 49. HAACKE (Wilhelm)— 1880. Zur Blastologie der Gattung Hydra, specielle und generelle Studien. Tenaische Zeitschrift fiir Naturwissenschaft. Band XIV, seite 133. 50. HAECKEL (Ernst H.)— 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Tlieil einer Monografic der Medusen. Jena, 1879. 51. HAECKEL (Ernst H.)— 1881. Die Tiefseemedusen der " Challenger " -Reise. Erste Hiilfte dcs zweiten Theiles einer Monogratie der Medusen. Der Organismus der Medusen. Zweite Hiilfte des zweiten. Theiles einer Mono- grafie der Medusen. Jena, 1881. Report of the Voyage of H.M.S. " Challenger " ; Zoology, Vol. IV. 52. HALLEY (J. J.)— 1879. On Tubularia Ralphii, manuscript. Read before the Microscopical Society of Victoria. June, 1879. 53. HAMANN (Otto)— 1882. StudienuebercoelenteratenJenaische Zeitschrift fiir Naturwissenschaft. Band XV, seite 545. 54. HAMANN (Otto)— 1882. Der Organismus dor Hydroidpolypen. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft. Band XV, seite 473. 55. HAMANN (Otto)— 1882. Die Entstehung und Entwickelung der griinen Zellen Ijei Hydra. Zeitschrift fiir wisseuschaftlicke Zoologie. Band XXXVII, seite 457. 50. HELLER (Cam.)— 1868. Die Zoophyten und Echinoderruen des Adriatischen Mecres. Wien, 1868. 57. HERTWIG (Oscar und Richard) 1878. Das Nervensystem und die Sinnesorgane der Medusen. Jenn. 1878. 58. HERTWIG (Oscar und Richard) — 1878. Der Organismus der Medusen. Jena, 1878. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 59. HERTWIG (Oscar and Richard)— 1880. Die Actimien anatomisch und histologisch mifc besofrderer Beriick- sichtigung desNervenmuskelsystemsuntersucht. II. Theil. Jenaische Zeitschrift fiir Naturwissenschaft. Band XIV, seite 39. 60. HIXCKS (Thomas)— 1861. On new Australian Hydrozoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3rd series, Vol. VJI. 61. HIXCKS (Thomas)— 1862. A Catalogue of the Zoophytes of South Devon and South Cornwall. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3rd series, Vol. IV. 62. HINCKS (Thomas)— 1863. On new British Hydroida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3rd series, Vol. XI. 63. HINCKS (Thomas)— 1868. A History of the British Hydroid Zoophytes. 2 Vols. London, 1868. 64. HUTTOX (Francis) — 1872. New Zealand Sertularians. Transactions of the New Zealand Insti- tute. Vol. V. 65. JICKELI (Carl F.)— 1883. Der Bau der Hydropolypen, I, II. Morphologisches Jahrbuck. Band VEII, seites 373, 580. 66. JICKELI (Carl F.)— 1882. Ueber Hydra. Zoologischer Anzeiger. Band V, seite 91. 67. JOHXSTONE (George) — 1849. A History of British Zoophytes. 2nd edit. London, 1847. 68. KEFERSTEIX (und E. Ehlers)— 1861. Zoologische Beitriige, gesammelt im Winter, 1859-60, in Neapel und Messina. Leipzig, 1861. 69. KENT (W. Saville)— 1871. On Corals. Proceedings of the Geological Society of London for 1871- 70. KERCIINER (Lud wig)— 1880. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Hydra. Zoologischer Anzeiger. Band III, seite 454. 71. KlRCHEXPAUER (G. H.) — 1864. Neue Sertularien aus verschiedenen Hamburgischen Sainmlungen nebst allgemeinen Bemerkungen iiber Laniaroux's Gattung Dyna- mena. Verhandiungen der Kaiserlichen, Leopoldins — carolinischen deutschen, Akademie der Naturforcher. Band xxxi. 72. KIRCHEXPAUER (G. H.)— 1872. Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularichv ; einzelne Gruppen derselben, und ihre Fvuchtbehalter. Abhandlungen aus clem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben von clem naturwisscnschaft- lichen Verein in Hamburg. Band v, Abtheilung 3. AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.E. 9 73. KIRCHEXPAUER (G. H.)— 1876. Ueber die Hyclroidenfamilie Plumularidse, einzelue Gruppen. derselben, und ihre Fruchtbehalter. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben von Naturwissenschaftlichen "Verein zu Hamburg — Altona. Band vi, Abtheilung 2. 74. KLAATSCH (H.)— 1884. Beitrage zur genaueren Kenntniss der Campanularien. Morphologisches Jahrbuch. Band ix, seite 534. 75. KLEIXEXBERG (Nikolaus) — 1872. Hydra, eine anatomischentwickelungsgeschichtliche Untersuchung. Leipzig, 1872. 76. KLEIXEXBERG (Nikolaus) — 1881. Ueber die Entstehung der Eier bei Eudendrium. Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Band xxxv, seite 326. 77. KOLLIKER (Albert von, C. Gegenbauer und F. Miiller). Bericlite ueber eimige im Herbste 1852 in Messina angestellte, verglei- chendanatomische Untersuchungen. Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaffc- liche Zoologie. Band iv. 78. KOREX (und Daniellsen) — 1875. Fauna littoralis Norvregioe. Theil iii. 79. KOROTXEFF (A.)— 1880. Yersuch einer vergleichenden Theorie der coelenteraten (Myriothella und Hydra russich). Moskau, 1880. 80. KOROTXEFF (A.)— 1882. Zur Kenntniss der Embryologie von Hydra, Zeitschrift fiir wissen- schaftliche Zoologie. Band xxxviii, seite 314. 81. LAMARCK (Jean de) — 1817. Histoire Naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Tome ii. Paris, 1817. 82. LAMARCK (Jean de) — 1835. Histoire Naturelle des aniniaux sans vertebres. Deuxieme edition, par MM. G. P. Deshayes et H. Milne-Edwards. Tome ii, Histoire des Polypes. Paris, 1835. 83. LAMOUROUX (T. Y. F.)— 1816. Histoire des Polypiers Coralligenes tlexibles vulgairement nommes. Zoophytes. Caen, 1816. 84. LAMOUROUX (T. Y. F.)— 1821. Exposition Methodique des generes de 1'ordre des Polypiers. Paris, 1821. 85. LAMOUROUX (T. Y. F.)— 1824. Bory de Saint Yincent et End. Deslongchamps Histoire Naturelle des Zoophytes ou animaux rayonnes. Tome II. Encyclopedic Methodique. 10 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF TDK 86. LENDENFELD (R. von)— 1883. Ueber eine eigentlmmliche Art des Sprossen bildung bei Campanu- lariden. Zoologischer Anzeiger. Band VI, seite 71. 87. LENDEXFELD (R. von) — 1883. Ueber das Nervensystcm der Hydroidpolypen. Zoologischer Anzeiger. Band VI ; Seite 69. 8«. LEXDEXFELD (R. von.)— 1883. Ueber Wehrthiere und nesselzellen. Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Band XXVIII, seite 335. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. XII, page :250. 89. LEXDENFELD (R. von)— 1883. Eucopella Campamilaria. Zeitschrift fiir wissenscliaftliche Zoologie. Band XXVIII, seite 497. 90. LEXDEXFELD (R. von)— 1884. Das System der Hydromcdusen. Zoologischer Anzeiger. Band VII, seite 173. 91. LKXDEXFELD (R. von)— 1884. The Australian Hydromedusse, Part I. Tlie Classification of tho Hydromedusse. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Vol. IX, page 206. 92. LEXDEXFELD (R, von) — 1884. The Australian Hydromedusa?, Part II. The tirst Sub-order ; Hydro- polypinse ; the. Families Hydridso, Clarida1, Myriothelidse, and Eudendridsx?. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Vol. IX, page 345. 03. LEXDEXFELD (R, von)— 1884. The Australian Hydromedusfe, Part III. The first Sub-order Hydro- polypinse ; the Blastopolypidse. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Vol. IX, page 401. 94. LENDEXFELD (R, von)— 1884-. The Australian Hydromedusa\ Part IV. The Grapfcolithidse, Pluinu- larida?, and Dicorymidse. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Vol. IX, page 467. 95. LKXDEXFELD (R. von) — 1884. The Australian Hydromedusse, Part V. The Hydromedusinsv, Hydro- corallin?e, and Trachimedusa\ Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Vol. IX, page Osl. 96. LEXDEXFELD (R. von) — 1S84. Sarsia radiata und der Flexor ihres Polypen. Zoologischer Anzeiger. Band VII, seite. 97. LEXDEXFELD (R, von) — 1884. On Muscular tissue in Hydroid Polyps. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Vol. IX, page 635. AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.E. 11 98. LEKDENFELD (R. von)— 1884. Addenda to the Australian Hydro medusa*. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Vol. IX, page 908. 99. LESSON (R. P.)— 1829. Zoologie. Voyage cle la " Coquille." Paris, 1829. 100. LESSON (R. P.)— 1843. Prodrome des Acalephes. Paris, 1843. 101. LEUCKART (Rudolph)— 1851. Ueber den Polymorphisraus der Individuen oderdie Erscheinungen der Arbeits theilung in der natur. Giessen, 1851. 102. LESUEUR (C. A.)— 1809. Recueil des Planches (inedites) des Meduses. 103. LISTER— 1834. On the Hydroida. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1834. 101. McCoY (Frederic)— 1874. Prodromus of the Palaeontology of Victoria ; or, Figures and Descriptions of Victorian Organic Remains. Geological Survey of Victoria. Decade I. 105. McCoy (Frederic)— 1875. Proch-omus of the Palaeontology of Victoria ; or, Figures and Descrip- tions of Victorian Organic Remains. Geological Survey of Victoria. Decade II. 10G. McCoy (Frederic)— 1878. Prodromus of the Palaeontology of Victoria ; or, Figures and Descrip tions of Victorian Organic Remains. Geological Survey of Victoria. Decade V. 107. MARSHALL (William)— 1882. Ueber einige Lebeiiserscheinungen der Siisswasserpolypen, und ueber cine neue Form von Hydra viridis. Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaft- liche Zoologie. Band XXXVII, seite 664. 108. METSCHNIKOFF (Elias)— 1883. Untersuchungen iiber die introcellulare Verdauung bei wirbellosen Thieren. Arbeiten aus dem zoologischen Institut der Universitat Wien. Band V, seite 171. 109. MEREJKOVSKY (0. von)— 1882. Structure et developpement des nematophores chez les Hydroides. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale. Tome X, page 5 S3. 110. MOSELEY (H. N.)— 1877. On the Structure of a species of Millepora, occurring at 'Tahiti. Trans- actions of the Royal Society of London for 1877, page 117. 12 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 111. MosELEY(H. N.)— 1878. On the Structure of the Styl&steridse, a group of the Hydroid stony corals. Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1878, page 425. 112. OKEy (Lorenz)— 1815. Zoologie, Lehrbuch der Naturgeschicte. Band III. 113. PALLAS (P. S.)— 1766. Elenchus Zoophytorum. Hogae, 176G. 114. PARKER (3. Jeffrey)— 1880. On the Histology of Hydra fusca. Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1880, page 61, No. 200. 115. PERON (et Lesueur)— 1809. Tableau des Meduses. Paris, 1809, Annales du Museum d'histoire Naturelle No. XIV. 116. POEPPIG— 1876. Manuscript (73). 117. QUATREFAGES (A. de) — 1843. Memoire sur la Syhydre parasite (Hydractinia echinata). Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 2e serie, Vol. XX. 118. QUOY (T. R, C. et P. Gaimard)— 1824. Zoologie. Voyage autour du monde sur les corvettes " 1'Uranie " et " la Physicienne." 119. SARS (Martin)— 1850. Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken. Nyt Magazine fiir Naturvidskab, 1850. 120. SARS (Martin)— 1857. Bidrag til Kundkabn om Midcllehavets Littoral Fauna, 1857. 121. SARS (Martin)— 1862. Bemaerkinger ouer fire norske Hydroider. Videnskab Forhandlungen fiir 1862. 122. SARS (G. O.)— 1873. Bidrag til Kundkabn om Norges Hydroida, 1873. 123. SAUNDERS — Manuscript in litteris. 124. SCHULZE (F. E.)— 1871. Cordylophora lacustris. Leipzig, 1871. 125. SCHULZE (F. E.)— 1873. Syncoryne Sarsii Loven und die Zugehorige Meduse Sarsia tubulosa Lesson. Leipzig, 1873. 126. SCIIWEIGER (A. F.)— 1819. Beobachtungen auf Naturhistorischen Reisen. Berlin, 1819. AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.K 13 127. THOMPSON (D'Arcy, W.)— 1879. New and rare Hydroid Zoophytes (Sertularidse and Thuiariidse) from Australia and New Zealand. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 5th series, Vol. Ill, page 97, 128. TOURNEFORT (Jas. Pit)— 1700. Institutions rei herbaria;. Paris, 1700. 129. TREMBELEY — 1774. Memoire pour servir a 1'histoire d'nn genre de Polypes d'eau douce a bras en forme de cornes. Paris, 1744. 130. VARENNE (Andre de)— 1882. Recherches sur les Polypes Hydraires (Reproduction et developpement). Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generate. Tome X. 131. WEISMANN (August) — 1883. Die Entstehung der Sexualzellen bei den Hydromedusen. Jena, 188-> 132. WOODS (Tenison)— 1878. On a new genus of Milleporida?. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Vol. III. 133. WOODS (Tenison)— 1879. On the Anatomy of Distichopora. Transaction of the Royal Society of New South Wales. Vol. XIII. 134. WRIGHT (Strethill)— 1858. Observations on British Zoophytes. Edinburgh new Philosophical Journal. Vol. VII. 135. ZITTEL (Carl)— 1876-1880. Handbuch des Paleontologie. I. Band. Paleozoologie. ORDO HYDROMEDUS.E. Cams, 1SG3. POLYPOMEDUS.E, without gastral filaments. The polypoid forms rarely solitary ; they mostly form colonies, and then always possess a chitinous or calcareous skeleton. The trophosomes are destitute of an cesaphagal tube. Some of the tubes are often converted into mouth and tentacleless sexual or defensive zooids. The medusoid forms are cycloneur. (2) (23) (-13) (44) (59) (90) (91) (101) (135). I. SUB-OEDO.-HYDROPOLYPIN^;. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. Polyps, or polyp colonies, the sexual products of which are matured in the ordinary alimentary polyp or in zooids which are converted into mouthless generative zooids, polypostyles. (4) (20) (29) (54) (65) (87) (130) (131). I.-Fainilia HYDRIDJE. Huxley, 1856. Solitary polyps ; the sexual products are matured in the gastral wall. Without hydrothecie. 1. Genus HYDRA. Linne. Nonsexual propagation by budding. (49) (53) (55) (65), (66) I 301, (70) (75) (79) (80) (107) (114). 1. Hydra obigactis. Pallas. (9) 187, (62) 315, (67) 124, (92) 34s. Hydra fnsca (15) 1320. Long-armed fresh-water polyps (38) 16. South-east Australia (Victoria). 2. Hydra viridis. V. Linne. (26) 24, (45) 1320, (67) 121, (92) 348. Hydra viridissima (113) 31. Polype verda (127) 22. New Zealand. 16 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE II.-Familia CLAVID.E. Y. Lendenfeld, 1881. Forming colonies ; polyps alike with scattered tentacles, and all maturing sexx;al cells on hollow tentacular processes. Without a hydrotheca. I._Sub-familia CLAVINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. With scattered filiform tentacles. 2. Genus CLAVA. Gmcliu. Club-shaped claviua?, without distinct limit between polyp and hydrocaulus. (131) 21. 3. Clava simplex. V. Lendenfeld. (92) 349. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). II.— Sub-familia CORYNINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. With scattered capitate tentacles. (Go) II 610. (131) 49. III.— Familia MYRIOTHELID.E. Allman, 1872. Solitary with scattered capitate tentacles. The sexual products are matured on branched tentacular processes of the body-wall. Without hydrothecte. (79). IV.— Familia EUDENDRID.E. Allman, 1872. Forming colonies ; polyps without hydrothecre with one verticil of filiform tentacles. The sexual products are matured on tentacular processes of the gastral wall ; during their growth the polyps loose their tentacles and become polypostyle. The phylogenesis of the polypostyles is continually being repeated. 3. Genus EUDENDRIUM. Ehrenberg. The polyps terminal on the branches of the ramified colony. A ring of gland cells" at the base of the polyps. (54) 522, (65) I 376, (76) (92) 350, (131) 91. 4. Euclendrium pusillum. V. Lendenfeld. (92) 352. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 5. Euclendrium generalis. V. Lendenfeld. (92) 351. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.'E. 17 Y. Faniilia BLASTOPOLYPID.E. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. Forming colonies, with differentiated alimentary and mouthless generative zooids. The latter are transformed polyps, polypostyles, and only in them the sexual products are matured. I._ Sub-familia CORDYLOPHORIN^E. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. Alimentary zooids of the colony with scattered filiform tentacles, without hydrotheca?. (65) II 601, (124) (131) 29. II.— Sub-familia BIMERINJE. V. Lendenfeld. 1884. Alimentary zooids, with one verticil of filiform tentacles, without hydrotheca?. III.— Sub-familia CAMPANULARINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884.* Alimentary zooids, with one verticil of filiform tentacles enclosed in a radially symmetrical hydrotheca, terminal on the branches. 4. Genus MONOSKLERA. V. Lendenfeld. The stems consist of wedge-shaped internodes. The perisarc much thicker on one side than the other ; the short hyclrocauli originate on the terminal end of the internodes. 6. Monosklera pusilla. V. Lendenfeld. (98) South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 5. Genus LAOMEDEA. Lamouroux. The hydrocauli appear as long branches of a stem, and never arise from the hydrorhiza ; the internodes are cylindrical, the hydrotheca! not, oper- culate. 7. Laomedea antipathies. Lamouroux. (15) 474, (83) 206; (85) 481, (93) 403. Campanularia antipathes (9) 52. Sertularia antipathes (82) 138. Australia. 8. Loamedea Torresii. Busk. (17) 402, (93) 403. Campanularia Torresii (9) 52. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). 9. Laomedea reptans. Lamouroux. (84) 14, (85) 483, (93) 403. Campanularia reptans (9) 53, (15) 473. Sertularia reptans (82) 139. North-west coast of Australia (Lewin's Land). 10. Laomedea Lairii. Lamouroux. (83) 207, (84) 14, (85) 482, (93) 403. Campanularia Karsii (9) 53, (82) 153. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Portland). *It is probable that this whole sub-familia must be united with the campanulinidse and placed in the sub-ordo Hydromedusinse. 18 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 11. Laomedea marginata. V. Lendenfeld. (93)404 Campanularia marginata (9) 54. South coast of Australia (Portland). 12. Laomedea rufa. V. Lendenfeld (93)404. Campanularia rufa (9) 54. East coast of Australia (Holborn Island). 13. Laomedea undulata. V. Lendenfeld. (93) 404. Campanularia undulata (9) 55, (81) 135. Clythia ^mdulata (84) 202, (117) 194. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 6. Genus LAFOEA. Larnouroux. Polyps distributed along the stem and branches, with short peduncles, with a thin-walled cylindrical hydrotheca. (20), (65) II 629. 14. Lafoe'a cylindrica. V. Lendenfeld. (98). East coast of New Zealand (Bay of Islands). 15. Lafoea fruticosa. Sars. (9) 64, (68), (93) 404. Callicella fruticosa (61) 293. Campanularia cjracillima (3) 129. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits). 4. Sub-familia Sertularinae. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. Alimentary zooids, invested by bilateral symmetrical hydrothecsfi, winch are more or less adnate to the stem, and never possess separate hydrocauli. (71). 7. Genus LINEOLARIA. Hincks. Polyps sessil, stem creeping. No aperculum. 16. Lineolaria spinulosa. Hincks. (9) 61, (60), (93) 405. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Portland). 17. Lineolaria flexuosa. Bale. (9) 62, (93) 405. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 8. Genus SYNTHECIUM. Allman. The gonophores situated in the interior of ordinary hydrothecae. Hydro- thecis adnate, operculate. 18. Syntliecium elegans. Allman. (4) II, 229, (98). Australia. 9. Genus SERTULARELLA. Gray. Hydrothecse adnate with a composite operculum in two opposite series, disposed regularly opposite or alternate. (130) 169. 19. Sertularella microgona. Y. Lendenfeld. (93)416. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUSJE. 10 20 Sertularella polyzonias. Gray. (9) 104, (G3) 205, (93) 417. Cotulina, polyzonias (2) 35G. Great tooth Coralline (35) 5. Serlularia Ellisii (82) 142. Sertularia ericoides (113) 127. Sertularia Jlexuosa (45). Serlularia Hilernica (67) 128. Sertularia pinnata. Templeton. Sertularia polyzonias (38) T. VT. figs 1-6, (67) 61, (82) 142, (83) 190 Sertularia simplex (25), (64). South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). New Zealand. 21. Sertularella indivisa. Bale. (8) 24, (9) 105, (93) 417. South Coast of Australia : (Victoria and South Australia.) 22. Sertularella solidula. Bale. (8) 24, (9) 106, (93) 417. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 23. Sertularella macrotheca. Bale. (8) 25, (9) 107, (93) 417. South coast of Australia (Western Port in. Victoria). 24. Sertularella lajvis. Bale. (8) 24, (9) 107, (93) 417. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 25. Sertularella pygmsea. Bale. (8) 25, (9) 108, (93) 417. South coast of Australia (Victoria and South Australia) New Zealand. 26. Sertularella Johnstoni. Allman. (5) (9) 109, (93), 418. Sertularia Johnstoni (25), (46), (64). South coast of Australia (Victoria and South Australia), Tasmania, New Zealand. 27. Sertularella divaricata. Busk. (9) 110, (18), 388, (93) 418. East coast of Australia (Port Stephens). South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits). 28. Sertularella neglecta. Thompson. (9) 110, (93) 418, (127) 100. South coast of Australia (Victoria, South Australia). 29. Sertularella ramosa. Thompson.* (9) 111, (93) 418, (127; 102. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits). 10. Genus DIPHASIA. Agassiz. The trophosomes possess an internal operculum. Polypostyles different in the two sexes. The female gonophores with marsupium. * Thompson is not sure whether this species described liy him conies from Bass' Straits (127) 102. B 20 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 30. Diphasia pinnata. Agassiz. (2) 355, (9) 98, (63), 255, (93) 415. Diphasia nigra (2) 355. Nigellastrum nigrum (112) 93. Nigellastrum pinnatum (112) 93. Sertularia fuscescens (45) IV 677, (83) 195, (85) 683. Sertularia nigra (67) 68, (113) 135. Sertularia pinnata (67) 69, (113) 136. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 31. Diphasia attenuata. Hincks. (9) 100, (63) 247, (93) 415. Sertularia attenuata (62) 298. Sertularia pinaster (67) 72. Sertularia rosacea (35) 9, (67) 470. South coast of Australia (Port Adelaide). 32. Diphasia digitalis. Bale. (9) 101, (93) 415. Sertularia digitalis (18) 393. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). 33. Diphasia mutulata. Bale. (9) 101, (93) 416. Sertularia mutulata (18) 391. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). 34. Diphasia subcarinata. Bale. (9) 102, (93) 416. Sertularia sulcarinata (18) 390. South coast of Australia (Victoria, Bass' Straits), east coast of Australia (Port Stephens). 35. Diphasia rectangularis. V. Lendenfelcl. (98). North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). 36. Diphasia symmetrica. V. Lendenfeld (93) 414. , East coast of New Zealand (Timaru). 11. Genus PASYTHEA. Lamouroux. The trophosomes arranged in sets at some distance apart. 37. Pasythea quadridentata. Lamouroux. (9) 112, (83) 156, (84) 9, (85) 603, (93) 419 Sertularia quadridentata (36) 57, (38) Suppl. II, tab. 32, figs. 1-5 (45) 3883, (82) 150. Tuliparia quadritentata (15) 485. East coast of Australia (Port Stephens, Fitzroy Islands). 38. Pasythea hexodon. Busk. (9) 113, (18) 395, (93) 419. North coast of Australia (Cumberland Island). AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.E. 21 12. Genus IDIA. Lamouroux. Colonies pinnately branched. The trophosomes form two continuous series in contact with each other along the front of the stem. 39. Idia pristis. Lamouroux. (9) 113, (83) 200, (84) pi. V., fig. 5 (85) 462, (93) 419. Sertularia pristis. (18) 390. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits), east coast of Australia (Fitzroy Islands, Albany Passage). 13. Genus THUI ARIA. Fleming.* Trophosomes biserial, not in pairs, usually more or less immersed. The series differently dense. 40. Thuiaria fenestrata. Bale. (9) 116, (93) 420. Salacia tetrocytharia (83) 214, (84), g. pi. 15, (85) 673. Sertularia, crisioides (18) 389. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits), east coast of Australia (Albany Passage). 41. Thuiaria quadrldens. Bale. (9) 119, (93) 420, (98). East coast of Australia (Port Curtis, Holborn Island), New Zealand. 42. Thuiaria lata. Bale. (8) 26, (9) 120, (93) 420. East coast of Australia (Port Stephens), south coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Western Port). VI .— Familia RHABDOPHORA. Allman, 1872. Possessing a chitinous endo and exo-skeleton ; the former rod-shaped ; colonies free swimming ; probably extinct. I. GROUP.— GRAPTOLOIDEA. Lapworth. Hydrosome developed from a sicula, every canal containing coenosarc, bears only one row of cells. Axis (virgula) on the dorsal side in a furrow of the inner lamina. A-MONOPRIONID^]. Hydrothecse in one row opposite the axis. I._Sub-familia MONOGRAPTINJE. V. Lendenfeld. = MONOGRAPTIDJE. Lapworth. Developed one-sided ; pointed ends of the sicula pointing upwards, united with the dorsal margin of the proximal end of a single or composite hydro- some. * I had no opportunity to examine sufficiently well preserved gonophores of Thuiaria. It appears highly probable that this genus belongs to the Hydromedusinse. 22 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE II.— Sub-familia LEPTOGRAPTINJE. V. Lendenfeld. LEPTOGRAPTIDJE. Lapworth. Hydrosome bilateral, with irregular branches. Cells apart, just touching. Sicula persistent in the axilar. The broad part forming the proximal end of the hydrosome. III.— Sub-familia DICHOGRAPTINJE. V. Lendenfeld. DICHOGRAPTIDJE. Lapworth. Bilateral. Branches of regular cells, very dense, rectangular. Sicula persistent, its point at the proximal end of the hydrosome. 14. Genus Didymograpsus. McCoy. Only two simple branches, without funiculus. Sicula axilar, with the point turned upwards. 43. Didymograpsus fruticosus. Hall. (94) 463, (104) 13. Bendigo, a.o.p. Victoria. 44. Didymograpsus quadribrachiatus. Hall. (94) 468, (104) 1."). Victoria. 45. Didymograpsus Bryonoicles. Hall. (94) 469, (104) 16. Victoria. 46. Didymograpsus octabrachiatus. Hall. (94) 469, (104) 17. Victoria. 47. Didymograpsus logani. Hall. Var. Australis. McCoy. (94) 469, (104) 18. Castlemaine, Kangaroo Creek, a.o.pl. Victoria. 48. Didymograpsus extensus. Hall. (94) 469, (10-3) 29. Bendigo, Victoria. 49. Didymograpsus caducens. Salter. (94) 469, (105) 30. Castlemaine, a.o.p. Victoria. 50. Didymograpsus gracilis. Hall. (94) 469, (105) 35. Bulla, Victoria. 51. Didymograpsus tlmreani. McCoy. (94) 469, (105) 39. Sandhurst, Victoria. 52. Didymograpsus headi. McCoy. (94) 469 (105) 40. Victoria. 15. Genus CLADOGRAPSUS. McCoy. Stem simple below, with two rows of cells and mid-rib as in Diplograpsus ; dividing above into branches with one row of cells only ; cells excavated in the margin as in Climacograptus ; without distinct tubes. 53. Cladograpsus ramosus. Hall. (94) 469, (105) 33. Bulla, Victoria. 54. Cladograpsus furcatus. Hall. (94) 470, (105) 37. Bendigo, Victoria. AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.E. 23 IV.— Sub-familia DICRANOGRAPTINJE. Von Lendenfeld. DICRANOGRAPTID^E. Lapworth. Hydrosome consists of two originally dorsally united axes. Cells overlapping. Exterior part indented. Broad end of the sicula on the proximal end of the hydrosome. B. DIPRIONID.E. Cells in two rows ; axis central. V.— Sub-familia DIPLOGRAPTINJE. Von Lendenfeld. DIPLOGRAPTIDJE. Lapworth. Hydrosome consists of two branches dorsally joined. Sicula imbedded. The broad part forming the proximal end of the hydrosome. 16. Genus DIPLOGRAPSUS. McCoy. Stems simple, straight, with a slender central axis ; cells oblique in t\vo vows, alternating often with two spines near the exterior opening. .r)5. Diplograptus mucronata. Hall. (94) 470, (104) 20. Bulla, Victoria. 50. Diplograptus pristis. Hisinger. (94) 470, (104) 11. Victoria. 57. Diplograptus rectangularis. McCoy. (94) 470, (104) Bulla, Victoria. 5S. Diplograptus palmeus. Barrande. (94) 471, (105) 32. Bendigo, Victoria. 17. Genus CLIMACOGRAPTUS. Hall. Cells vertical free, in section sub-oval, divided from each other by deep cavities, without ornament or with a simple marginal spine ; hydrosome taper- ing, in section circular, or divided into two naps ; axis prolonged beyond the distal end. 59. Climacograptus bicornis. Hall. (94) 471, (104) 12. Victoria. VI.— Sub-familia PHYLLOGRAPTINJE. Von Lendenfeld. PHYLLOGRAPTIDJE. Lapworth. Hydrosome consists of four monoserial axes, which coalesce with their dorsal sides. Sicula imbedded. The broader ends close to the proximal terminations of the hydrosomes. 18. Genus PHYLLOGRAPTUS. Hall. Leafshaped, cells rectangular, the lateral surfaces touching. Outer touching with two protruding spines. 59. Phyllograptus folium. Hisinger. (94) 471, (104) 7. Victoria. 24 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE II.— GROUP EETIOLOIDEA. Lap worth. No sicula. The coenosarc of the common canal develops a double row of cells. Epidermis supported by chitinous fibres. VII.— Sub-familia GLOSSOGRAPTINJE. Von Lendenfeld. GLOSSOGRAPTIDJE. Lapworth. Both axes united in the middle of the body. VIII.— Sub-familia GLADIO GRAFTING. Von Lendenfeld. GLADIOGRAPTIDJE. Lapworth. Both axes separate. Perfect exo-skeleton of chitinous fibres. 19. Genus EETIOLITES. Barrande. Hydrosome simple, tapering towards both ends. Axes straight or zig-zag shaped, often rudimentary, cells rectangular. Both rows alternating. Inner periderm layer a wide-meshed net. 61. Retiolites Australia. McCoy. (94) 472, (105) 36. Keilor, Victoria. VII. Familia PLUMULARIDJE. Hincks, 1868. Hydropolypinre forming colonies. The trophosomes possess one verticil of filiform tentacles, and are enclosed by bilateral symmetrical hydro theca?, which are adnate to the stem and branches of the colony. Many polyps are converted into mouth and tentacleless defensive polyps. The sexual product are matured exclusively in the polypostyles. 20. Genus PLTJMULARIA. McCrady. The Hydrothecae cup-shaped ; the nematophores distributed along the stem and branches. Polypostyles different in the two sexes, surrounded by a simple gonangium. (54) 529, (65) II 636, (131) 172. I. Sub-genus. — MOXOPYXIS. Kirchenpauer. Pimiately branched Plumularidpe ; every pinna bears a single hydranth only. Monosyphonic. 62. Plumularia Australis. Bale. (9) 143, (94) 475. Plumularia obliqua var. Australis. (72) 49. South coast of Australia (Portland). 63. Plumularia compressa. Bale. (8) 43, (9) 142, (94) 475. South coast of Australia (Portland). 64. Plumularia hyalina. Bale. (8) 41, (9) 141, (94) 475. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 65. Plumularia pulchella. Bale. (8) 42, (9) 140, (94) 475. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). AUSTRALIAN IIYDROMEDUS.E. 25 66. Plumularia spinulosa. Bale. (8) 42 (9) 139, (94) 475. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). East coast of New Zealand (Timaru). 67. Plumularia obliqua. Hincks. (9) 138, (62) 258, (63) 304, (94) 475. Laomedea obliqua (67) 106, (123). Campanula/rio, (103) 372. IT. Sub-genus.— APOSTASIS. Von Lenclenfeld. The internocles of stem and branches not alternately longer and shorter. Monosyphonic. Hydrothecpe not adnate. 68. Plumularia obconica. Kirchenpauer. (9) 127, (72) 46, (94) 473. South coast of Australia (St. Vincent's Gulf). 69. Plumularia producta. Bale. (8) 39, (9) 133, (94) 474. 70. Plumularia Buskii. Bale. (9) 125, (94) 473. South coast of Australia (Western Port). 71. Plumularia tripartita. Von Lendenfeld. (94)477. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). East coast of New Zealand (Timaru). 72. Plumularia Badia. Kirchenpauer. (9) 128, (72) 45, (94) 473. East coast of Australia (Brisbane). III. Sub-genus. — HAPTOTHECA. V. Lendenfeld. The internodes of stem and branches not alternately longer and shorter. Monosyphonic. The hydrotheca? serniconic, attached in such a way that the stem forms part of the circumference of the trophosome. 73. Plumularia cornuta. Bale. (9) 32, (94) 474. East coast of Australia (Port Denison). 74. Plumularia rubra. V. Lendenfeld. (94) 476. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 75. Plumularia Ramsayi. Bale. (9) 131, (94) 473. East coast of Australia (Port Denison, Albany Passage). 76. Plumularia gracilis. V. Lendenfeld. (94) 476. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). IV. Sub-genus. — POLYSYPHOXIA. V. Lendenfeld. The stem polysyphonic. 77. Plumularia Torresia. V. Lendenfeld. (94) 477. North coast of Australia. 78. Plumularia laxa. Allman. (6) 19, (94) 476. 36° 56' S., 1503 30', E. from Greenwich ("Challenger,'' 163). 26 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 79. Plumularia campanula. Busk. (9) 124, (IS) 401, (94) 473. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits). 80. Plumularia aglaophenoides. Bale. (9) 126, (94) 473. East coast of Australia (Broughton Island). V. Sub-genus. — ANISOCOLA. Kirchenpauer. The internodes are alternately longer and shorter. Hydrnnthes only on the longer internodes. Si. Plumularia filicaulis. Poeppig. (9) 134, (72) 47, (94) 474, (116). South coast of Australia (Portland). 82. Plumularia Goldsteini. Bale. (8) 40, (9) 137, (94) 474. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Portland). S3. Plumularia setaceoides. Bale. (8) 40, (9) 136, (94) 474. East coast of Australia (Botany Bay). South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Portland). si, Plumularia delicata. Bale. (8) 40, (9) 157, (94) 474. South coast of Australia (Western Port, Portland). DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 85. Plumularia scabra. De Lamarck. (9) 145, (15) 478, (82) 161, (94) 176. Australia. s6. Plumularia filamentosa. De Lamarck. (9) 144, (15) 478, (82) 164, (94) 475. Australia. 87. Plumularia sulcata. DC Lamarck. (9) 145, (15) 478, (82) 164, (94) 475. Australia. 21. Genus ANTENNULARIA. De Lamarck. Plumularidie which possess verlicillate blanchlets. Nematophores distri- buted along the stem and branches. (54) 529, (131) 188. 88. Anteiinularia cyiindrica. Bale. (9) 146, (94) 478. East coast of Australia (Port Curtis). s'..i. Anteiinularia cymodocea. Busk. (17), (9) 146, (94), 478. Australia. 22. Genus HALICORNARIA. Bale. Tropliosoines and nematophores form groups which consist of one mesial nematophore above, and two lateral nematophores below the hydrotheca\ Gonopbor naked. AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.E. 27 90. Halicornaria ilicistoma. Bale. (9) 184, (94) 488. Aglaophenia ilicistoma (8) 33. South coast of Australia (Robe, Port Phillip). 91. Halicornaria prolif era. Bale. (9) 183, (94) 487. Aglaophenia prolif era (8) 34. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 92. Halicornaria humilis. Bale. (9) 182, (94) 487. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 93. Halicornaria longirostris. Bale. (9) 181, (94) 487. Aglaophenia longirostris (72) 42. Aglaophenia Thompsons (8) 33. South coast of Australia (from South Australia to Western Port) 94. Halicornaria Haswelli. Bale. (9) 180, (94) 4*7. East coast of Australia (Port Curtis). 93. Halicornaria hians. Bale. (9) 179, (94) 487. Plumularia hians (18) 396. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). 96. Halicornaria furcata. Bale. (9) 178, (94) 486. East coast of Australia (Broughton Island). 97. Halicornaria Baileyi. Bale. (9) 177, (94) 486. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 98. Halicornaria ascidioides. Bale. (9) 176, (94) 486. Aglaophenia ascidioides (8) 32. South coast of Australia (Western Port). 99. Halicornaria superba. Bale. (9) 176, (94) 486. Aglaophenia superba (8) 31. South coast of Australia (Western Port, Port Phillip). 23. Genus HALICORNOPSIS. Bale. Hydrocaulus pinnate ; hydrothecze, "with fixed anterior nematophores. Lateral nematophores absent. 100. Halicornopsis avicularis. Bale. (8) 26, (9) 185, (94) 488. Aglaophenia avicularis (72) 33. South coast of Australia (Robe, South Australia to Bass' Straits). South coast of Tasmania. (Hobart). 101. Halicornopsis rostrata. V. Lendenfeld. Azygoplon rostratum (6), 54, (94) 488. South Coast of Australia (Bass' Straits). 28 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OP THE 24. Genus SCIURELLA. Allman. Hydrocladia not disposed in pinnae, but springing from many points round the circumference of chord-like stems. Gonangia situated in the axils of the hydrocladia, provided with symmetrically disposed horn-like processes, and enclosing a ramified blastyle, the branches of which are in connection with movable nematophores distributed over the surface of the gonangium. 102. Sciurella indivisa. Allman. (7) 26, (94) 479. North coast of Australia (Somerset Island). 25. Genus ACANTHELLA. Allman. Hydroclaclia pinnately disposed, bearing branches terminating in simple jointed prolongations in which the places of the hydrocladia are taken by spine-like appendages. 03. Acanthella effusa. Allman. (7) 27, (94) 479. Plumularia effusa (9) 129, (18) 400, (72) 46, (94) 473. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). 26. Genus HETEROPLOK Allman. Hydrocladia pinnate, hydrothecal internocle, with the lateral nematophores movable, and with a mesial fixed spine-like nematophore below the hyclrotheca. 104. Heteroplon pluma. Allman. (7) 32, (94) 480. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits). 27. Genus DIPLOCHEILUS. Allman. Hydrothecae, with a cluplicature of its walls, forming an external calycine envelope, which surrounds the hydrothecpe for some distance behind the orifice. Mesial nematophore in the form of a shield-like process not adnate to the hydrothecse ; lateral nematophores absent. 105. Diplocheilus mirabilis. Allman. (7) 49, (94) 485. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits). 28. AGLAOPHENIA McCrady. Alimentary zooids and machopolyps form groups. The former in the centre, two lateral anterior, and one mesial superior nematophore. Gonophores in corbulce, or on modified pinnate. 106. Aglaophenia brevicauiis. Kirchenpauer. (9) 171, (72) 41, (94) 484. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Ballina). 107. Aglaophenia ramulosa. Kirchenpauer. (9) 170, (72) 41, (94) 484. East coast of Australia (Port Lincoln). 108. Aglaophenia Macgillivrayi. Bale. (7) 34, (9) 170, (94) 484. Plumularia Macgillivrayi (18) 400. Northern limit (Louisiade Archipelagus). AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.F. 29 109. Aglaoplienia brevirostris. Bale. (9) 169, (94) 484. Plumularia brevirostris (18) 397. North coast of Australia (Cumberland Island). 110. Aglaoplienia aurita. Bale. (9) 169, (94) 484 Plumularia aurita (18) 397. North coast of Australia (Cumberland Island). 111. Aglaophenia crucialis. Lamouroux. (9) 168, (7:3) 26, (83) 169, (85) 17, (94) 483. Plumularia brachiata (15) 478, (82) 163. Plumularia crucialis (15) 478. Australia. 112. Aglaophenia formosa. Kirclienpauer. (9) 168, (72) 26, (94) 484. Plumularia formosa (17). Australia. New Zealand. 113. Aglaophenia delicatula. Bale. (9) 167, (94) 484. Plumularia delicatula (18) 396. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). East coast of Australia (Port Curtis). 114. Aglaophenia pluma. Lamouroux. (2) IV 358, (9) 160, (40) 546 (63) 286, (72) 23, (83) 170, (94) 483. Pennaria pluma (112) 94. Plumularia cristata (82) 161, (67) 92. Podded Coralline (35) 13. Sertularia (45) 1309 (38) VII, 1, 2, (45) 1309, (103) 369, (113) 149, A ustralia. 115. Aglaophenia parvula. Bale. (8) 35, (9) 165, (94) 483. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 116. Aglaophenia ramosa. Bale. (9) 164, (94) 482. Plumularia ramosa (18) 398. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). 117. Aglaophenia divaricata. Bale. (9) 162, (94) 482. Aglaophenia McCoyi. (8) 36. Aglaophenia ramosa (18) 398. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). South coast of Australia (from Brighton, South Australia, to Wilson's Promontory). Tasmania (George Town). 118. Aglaophenia Huxleyi. Bale. (9) 161, (94) 482. Aglaophenia angulosa (83) 166, (85) 15. Plumularia angulosa (15) 478, (82) 163. Plumularia Huxleyi (18) 3'J5. East coast of Australia (Port Curtis, Port Molle, Port Denison). 30 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 119. Aglaophenia phoenicse. Bale. (9) 159, (94) 482. Aglaophenia rostrata (72) 45. Plumularia phosnicce (IS) 398. North coast of Australia (Torres' Straits, Port Darwin). East coast o£ Australia (Holborn Island, Port Denison, Port Molle, Gloucester Passage). 120. Aglaophenia longicornis. Kirchenpauer. (9) 157, (72) 47, (94) 481. Plumularia longicornis (18) 399. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). East coast of Australia (Albany Passage). 121. Aglaophenia Kirchenpaueri. V. Lendenfeld. (94)480. South coast of Australia (Western Port). 122. Aglaophenia rubens. Kirchenpauer. (9) 157, (72) 48, (94) 481. East coast of Australia (Port Denison). 123. Aglaophenia squarrosa. Kirchenpauer. (9) 156, (72) 47, (94) 481. East coast of Australia (Port Stephens). 124. Aglaophenia urens. Kirchenpauer. (9) 155, (72) 46, (94) 481. East coast of Australia (Brisbane to Port Stephens). 125. Aglaophenia plumosa. Bale. (8) 37, (9) 153, (94) 481. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Western Port). DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 126. Aglaophenia flexuosa. Lamouroux. (9) 172, (83) 167, (85) 16, (94) 485. Plumularia flexuosa (15) 478, (82) 166. Indian Ocean. 127. Aglaophenia fimbriata. Bale. (9) 172, (94) 485. Plumularia fimlriata (15) 478, (82) 163. Australia. 128. Aglaophenia glutinosa. Lamouroux. (9) 172, (83) 171, (85) 18, (94) 485. Plumularia gelatinosa (15) 478, (82) 167. Australia. 29. Genus PENTANDEA. V. Lendenfeld. (88). Plumularida?, in which Machopolyps are as in Aglaophenia in connection with the alimentary zooids, inasmuch as sets of them surround each hyclro- theca. The polypostyles are surrounded by a corbula, as in Aglaophenia. Each alimentary zooid is surrounded by five Machopolypes. There being instead of the single superior Machopolype of Aglaophenia, three : a small one, with adhesive cells only in the centre, and a pair of large Machopolypes at the side, which consist of two parts, one with adhesive, and one with thread cells, and which are similar to the single superior Machopolype in Aglaophenia. AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.E. 31 129. Pentandra parvula. V. Lendenfeld. (88) 355, (94)489. South coast of Australia (Western Port, Bass' Straits). 130. Pentandra Balei. V. Lendenfeld. (97) 490. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). VIII.— Familia DICORYNIDJE. Allman, 1872. Generative zooids free swimming polyps, with two tentacles, and without a mouth, carrying two ova each. These zooids bud only on polypostyles, and never on the alimentary zooids, which have one verticil of filiform tentacles. 30. Genus DICORYNE. Allman, 1872. Hydrocaulus, consisting of branches or simple stems, which arise at intervals from a creeping filiform hydrorhiza. Alimentary zooids fusiform, with a single verticil of filiform tentacles surrounding the base of a conical hypos- torn. 131. Dicoryne annulata. V. Lendenfeld. (94) 491. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). II. SUB-OEDO.-HYDEOMEDUSIN^E. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. Colonies of polymorphic zooids. The alimentary zooids retain the shape of polyps, whilst those in which the sexual pi-oducts reach maturity are medusa^, which may become free, or remain attached to the colony, and become rudimentary and form medusostyles (4), (20), (29), (30), (50), (54), (57), (58), (59), (65), (87), (130), (131). IX. Familia ANTHOMEDUSIDJE. V. Lendenfeld, : ANTHOMEDUSIDJE. Haeckel, without the Cytseidaj of Hacckel. Medusa become free, without otoliths, with acelli at the base of tentacles. Gonads in the wall of the gastral cavity. The alimentary polyps are not invested by chitinous cups. The medusae bud mostly on the ordinary ali- mentary polyps, exceptionally they are also born on peduncles, and bud direct from the hydrorhiza. Mouthless generatio polyps. Polypostyles do not occur. I.— Sub-familia CODONINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. CODONIDJE. Haeckel. Mouth simple. Gonade a simple tube. Four radial canals and unbranrhcd tentacles, which are scattered, or in two verticils. The medusa? bud on the polyps between the tentacles. * 31. Genus SARSIA. Lesson. Codonidse, with four equal tentacles. Membrane often very long, never cubic. Umbrella without cap on the vortex. Exumbrella smooth, without projecting nettlework. Polyps club-shaped, with scattered capitate tentacles. (54) 525, (96) (97) (125) (131) 55 32 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 132. Sarsia radiata. V. Lendenfeld. (95) 583, (96) (97). East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 133. Sarsia minima. V. Lendenfeld. (95) 384, 98. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 32. Genus DICODONIUM. Haeckel. Codonidse with two opposite tentacles. On the vortex of the umbrella there is a conic gallert protuberance, with axial canal. Manubrium short, scarcely projecting beyond the orifice of the umbrella. 134. Dicodonium dissonema. Haeckel. (50) 27, (95) 585. Australia. 33. Genus EUPHYSA. Forbes. Codonidfe, with three tentacles, rudiments, and one well-developed arm. Umbrella regular. Tetramer not bilateral (excepting the larger dorsal ocellar bulb). On the vortex of the umbrella there is no gallert protuberance. The polypcolonies are gymnoblastic hydroids, with two verticils of filiform tentacles, the medusa? buds at the base of the tentacles belonging to the aboral verticil. (95) 586. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). II.— Sub-familia TIARINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. TIARIDJE. Haeckel. Anthomedusidre, with four broad and folded mouth-arms ; with four or four pairs of gonads, four simple and broad radial canals, and unbranched tentacles. The alimentary polyps with scattered tentacles. (98). 34. Genus P ANDREA. Lesson. Tiarinre, with numerous tentacles in one row, abaxial acelli outside on the base of the stomach. The edges of the stomach are connected with the radial canal by four mesenteria. Four simple gonads, with smooth surface. Longi- tudinal lines of thread-cells in the exumbrella. 136. Pandsea minima. V. Lendenfeld. (98). East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 35. Genus TIAEA. Lesson. Tiarinse, with numerous tentacles in one row. Abaxial acellje outside on the base of the tentacles. No stalk to the stomach. Edges of the stomach are joined by four mesenteria, the four radial canals. Gonads, four pinnate leaves, or eight longitudinal masses, which bear irregular transverse bulges. 137. Tiara papua. Haeckel. (50) 58, (95) 587. jEquorea mitra (99) 127. Turns papua (2) TV 346, (39) 639, (100) 283. Northern limit (New Guinea). Indischer Ocean. AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.E. 33 36. Genus TURRITOPSIS. McCracly. Tiarinse, with numerous tentacles in one row. One ocellus inside, on the axial side of the base of the tentacles. Stalk to the stomach. No mesen- teria. Gonads, four simple perradial ; simple or bipartate longitudinal bul ges, divided from each other by a deep furrow, with smooth surface. Mouth-flaps, with stalked nettlewarts on. the margin. 138. Turritopsis pleurostoma. Haeckel. (50) 67, (95) 588. Melicerlo pleurostoma (115) 353. North-west coast of Australia (De Witt's Land). 139. Turritopsis lata. V. Lendenfeld. (95) 588. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). III.— Sub-familia MARGELINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. Anthomedusidae with simple or branched mouth arms. Gonad divided into four or eight marginal flaps. Alimentary polyps one verticil of filiform tentacles. 37. Genus LIZUSA. Haeckel. Margelinse with simple unbranched styles round the mouth, and with four perradial bundles of tentacles. 140. Lizusa prolifera. V. Lendenfeld. (95)589. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 38. Genus LIMNOREA. Peron. Margelinte with branched or otherwise complicated mouth arms (styles) and with numerous equally distributed tentacles. 141. Limnorea triedra. Peron. (15) 290, (31) PI. 52, fig. 1, (95) 591, (102) III. 5, (115) 329. Diancea triedra (82) 505. Limnorea proboscidea (50) 87. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits). 39. Genus MARGELIS. Steenstrup. Margelinae with ramified or composite mouth-styles, with four perradial bunches of tentacles. Stomach small, sessil. No manubrium. Mouth- styles touching at the base. The gonads do not extend to the radial canals. 142. Margelis trinema. V. Lendenfeld. (98). East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 40. Genus NEMOPSIS. L. Agassiz. Margelinre with branched or composed mouth-styles, and with four perradial bunches of tentacles ; mouth small. The mouth styles originate at the base of the oesophagus separately. The gonads extend from the stomach edges to the radial canals. 34 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 143. Nernopsis favonia. Haeckel. (50) 941, (95) 591. Favonia octonema (2) IV, 135, (15) 290, (115) 328. Arythia octonema (81) 503. North-west coast of Australia (Arnheim's Land). IV.— Sub-farnilia CLADONEMINJE. CLADONEMIDJE. Gegenbaur. Anthomedusidae, with branched tentacles, with 4-8 simple or branched radial canals, and four or five pair of grastral gonads. Alimentary polyps with scattered capitate tentacles. 41. Genus PTERONEMA. Haeckel. Cladoneiminpe, with four simple radial canals, and with four perradial tentacles, which arc studded with secondary tentacles or with stalked nettle- warts. A large brooding cavity above the stomach. Four simple gonades in the wall of the stomach ; mouth with four lips. Exumbrella smooth without nettle-ribs. 144. Pteronema Darwinii. Haeckel. (50) 101, (95) 592. Australia. 145. Pteronema ambiguum. Haeckel. (50) 102, (95) 592. Microstoma ambiguum (99) 130, (100) 295. Zanclea ambigua (2) IV, 344. Northern limit (New Guinea). X.— Familia TUBULARIDJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. The medusas become rudimentary and remain attached to the polyps. The polyps are alimentary; no polypostyles are formed. No hyclrotheca\ I.— Sub-familia PENNARINJK V. Lendenfeld. The polypes possess a distal set of capitate, and a proximal verticil of filiform tentacles Meduso-styles broad on the gastral-wall. • 42. Genus PENNARIA. Goldfuss. Filiform tentacles with a ridge of differentiated ectoderm. Colonies pin- nately branched. (54) 520, (131) 131. 146. Pennaria Australia. Bale. (9) 45, (95) 593. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 147. Pennaria rosea. V. Lendenfeld. (95) 594. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 148. Pennaria Adamsia. V. Lendenfeld. (95)595. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). AUSTRALIAN IIYDROMEDUS.E. 35 II.— Sub-familia TUBULARINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. Polyps with two verticils of filiform tentacles. Meduso-styles l>ud on tentacular processes. 43. Genus TUBULARIA. Linne. Simple or slightly branclied, long hydrocauli. Polyps situated terminally. 149. Tubularia Ralphi. Halley. (9) 42, (52), (95) 590. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 150. Tubularia pygmsea. Lamouroux. (9) 42, (15) 471, (82) 127, (83) 232, (85) 758, (95), 596. Australia. 151. Tubularia spongicula. V. Lendenfeld. (95) 597. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 152. Tubularia gracilis. V. Lendenfeld. (95) 597. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 44. Genus TIBIANA. De Lamarck. Polyps born laterally ; alternate or rarely scattered on the steins. 153. Tibiana ramosa. De Lamarck. (9) 43, (15) 469, (82) 206, (83) 219, (85) 743, (95) 598, (126) 425. Australia. IV.— Sub-familia ATRACTYLIN^E. V. Lendenfeld, 18S4. The polyps possess a single verticil of filiform tentacles. The medusoid buds are produced on the hydrocaulus, II.— Familia LEPTOMEDUSIDJE. V. Lendenfeld. LEPTOMEDUS^. Haeckel. Medusa' with acelli or octodermal otolithes and gonads, developed in tin- walls of the radial canals. Medusa? mostly budding on transformed polypes, polypostyles.. Alimentary polyps and polypostyles invested by a chitinous perisarc. Tlie polyps possess one verticil of filiform tentacles. (16), (24), (57) 70, (58) 22 1 I.— Sub-familia THAUMANTINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. THAUMANTIDJE. Gegenbaur. Leptomedusse without marginal vesicles and simple radial canals. 45. Genus DISSONEMA. Haeckel. Thaumantinse with four gonads, two opposite parradial tentacles and no marginal clubs or cirri. 154. Dissonema saphenella. Haeckel. (50) 126, (95) 599. c 36 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 46. Genus OCTORHOPALON. V. Lendenfeld. Thaumantinne with large rnai^ginal clubs in the interradii. No marginal cirri, eight tentacles, the perradial ones larger than the others. Gonangia along the whole length of the canals, join centripetally. 155. Octorhopalon fertilis. V. Lendenfeld. (98). East coast of Australia (Port Phillip). II.— Sub-familia CANNOTINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. CANNOTID^E. Haeckel. Leptomedusa- without marginal vesicles, with branched radial canal. 47. Genus CANNOTA. Haeckel. Cannotina; with four radial canals from each of which two branches originate, so that twelve terminations occur on each of which there is a gonad. 156. Cannota dodecantha. Haeckei. (50) 151, (95) 600. Northern limit (New Guinea). 48. Genus CLADOCANNA. Haeckel. Cannotidse, with six dichotomously branched radial canals. All branches (about 48) extend to the ring-canal. Numerous gonads in the distal part of the branch canal. 157. Cladocanna thalassina. Haeckel. (50) 160, (95) 600. ^'Equorea thalassina. (81) 497. Berenice eachroma. (2) IV, 345, (15) 276, (31) pi. 53, fig. 2. Berenice thalassina. (2) IV, 345, (37) 120, (120) 327. North coast of Australia (Arnheim's Land). 158. Cladocanna polyclada. Haeckel. (50) 161, (95) 601. Northern limit (New Guinea). III.— Sub-familia EUCOPINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. EUCOPIDJE. Gegenbaur. Leptomedusa? with marginal vesicles, and four simple radial canals, Polypcolonies mostly consisting of a creeping hydrorhiza, from which either simple hydrocauli arise, or high more or less branched stems. Terminal the hydrocauli extend to form chitinous cups around the alimentary zooids. 49. Genus EUCOPE. Gegenbaur. Eucopinte with eight marginal vesicles, eight tentacles, no marginal cirri, no stalk to the stomach, and four gonads. Polyps with radial hydrotheca1 ; meduspe produced on polypostyles. AUSTRALIAN IIYDROMEDUS.i:. 37 159. Eucope annulata. V. Lendenfeld. (95) 602. East coast of New Zealand (Lyttelton). 160. Eucope hyalina. V. Lendenfeld. (98). East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 50. Genus OBELIA. Peron ct Lesueur. Eucopina?, with eight marginal vesicles and numerous tentacles. Marginal vesicles at the axial side of the adradial tentacles. No marginal cirri, four gonads. Subumbrella, with rudimentary vellum. No stalk to the stomach. Polyps with radial hydrotheca? on a ramified colony. Medusae bud on polypostyles. (54) 526, (65) II 634, (131) 155. 161. Obelia Australis. V. Lendenfeld. (95) 603, (98). East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 162. Obelia geniculata. Allman. (9) 59, (16) 174, (25), (63) 149, (95) 603. Campanularia geniculata (40) 548. Laomedea geniculata (83) 208. Obelia lucifera (50) 175. Sertularia geniculata (45) 1312. Thaumantias lucifera (41) 52. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). South coast of Australia (from King George's Sound to Western Port). New Zealand (Lyttelton, a.o.p.). 51. Genus TIAROPSIS. L. Agassiz. Eucopinse with eight adradial marginal vesicles and numeixms tentacles. Eight marginal vesicles with numerous otolithes, always between two tentacles, No marginal cirri. Four gonads, stomach sessil. 163. Tiaropsis Macleayi. V. Lendenfeld. (95) 604. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 52. Genus MITROCOMIUM. Haeckel. Eucopina? with sixteen marginal vesicles and eight tentacles, marginal cirri between them. Four gonads. Stomach sessil. 164. Mitrocomium annse. V. Lendenfeld. (95) 606. East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). 53. Genus EUTIMALPHES. Haeckel. Eucopinae with eight adradial marginal vesicles and numerous tentacles. Between them marginal cirri. Four gonads ; a long stalk to the stomach. 165.— Eutimolphes pretiosa. Haeckel. (50) 195, (95) 607. Australia. IV.— Sub-familia EUCOPELLINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1883. Medusa? without stomach and tentacles, highly developed organs of sense, fight marginal vesicles. Four radial canals, which send branches into the four gonads. Alimentary polyp in a radial hydrotheca. Polypostyle con- sisting of four radial tubes, between which the medusa? bud. \ DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 54. Genus EUCOPELLA. V. Lendenfeltl. Colony consisting of a hydrorhiza from which simple unbranched stems rise up. (89.) 166. Eucopella campanula. Y. Lendenfeld. (89), (95) 607. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). East coast of Australia (Port Jackson). V.— Sub-familia ACQUORINJE. V. Lendenfeld. = ACQUORIDJE. Eschscholtz. With marginal vesicles, and numerous, often branched, radial canals. 55. Genus ZYGOCANNA. Haeckel. Stomach sessil, broad and long. Margin of mouth split into two numerous folded mouth-flaps. 167. Zygocanna costata. Haeckel. (50) 211, (95) 60S. Northern limit (New Guinea). 168. Zygocanna pleuronota. Haeckel. (50) 215, (95) 609. Jilquorea pleuronota (102) pi. XI, fig. 30G, (115) 338. Polyxenia pleuronota (37) 119. North coast of Australia (Arnheim's Land). 56. Genus ZYGOCANN ATA. Haeckel. -/Equorida- with twelve dichotom. Radial canals crispshaped. Gonads in the shape of composed branches at the terminations of the twenty-four branches. Stomach broad and flat without stalk. Mouth wide. Margin of mouth simple, without flaps or frills. 169. Zygocannata purpurea. Haeckel. (50) 215, (95) 609. ^quorea purpurea (2) IV, 360 (31), pi. 43, fig. 3 (102), pi. XI, tijjs. 1, 2(115), 337. Polyxenia purpure.a Eschscholtz (37) 119. West coast of Australia (Endrachts Land). 57. Genus ZYGOCANNULA. Haeckel. ^Equorida3 with numerous dichotome radial canals. A gonad on each branch. Stomach, at the termination of a large conic stalk, split up into mouth-flaps. The splits reach nearly to the stalk. Mouth-flaps large and folded. 170. Zygocannula diploconus. Haeckel. (50) 210, (93) 610. Northern limit (Sundasea). 171. Zygocannula undulosa. Haeckel. (50) 217, (93) 610. ^Eqiiorea undulosa (102) pi. XII., figs. 1-4 (115) 338. Polyxenia undulosa (100) 314. North coast of Australia (Arnheim's land). AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.E. 39 58. Genus ^EQUOREA. Peron et Lesueuer. ^Equorinu> with numerous radial canals. Stomach flat, without manu- brium. Lateral stomach wall rudimentary, A-ery low. Mouth wide open ; margin of mouth simple, without flaps or frills. 172. JEquorea eurhodina. Peron et Leseueur. (2) IV. 359, (50) 220, (95) 610, (102) pi. IX, (115) 336. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits). 59. Genus RHEGMATODES. A. Agassiz. ^Equorimf with numerous simple radial canals. Stomach small, funnel- shaped, reserved, conic, constricted below. Margin of mouth simple, smooth, or crispy, without flaps or frills. 1 73. Rhegmatodes thalassina. Haeckel. (50)222,95,611. .Equorea cyanea (2) IV, 359, (15) 277, (102) pi. X, figs. 1-G. ^Eqnorea thalassina (115). North coast of Australia (Arnheim's Land). XII.— Familia CAMPANULINIDJE. V. Lendenfeld. 1884. Polyp-colonies, which are differentiated into alimentary polyps, with one verticil of filiform tentacles and generative polyps, polypostyles without mouth or tentacles. Both are invested by chitinous capsules. The polypostyles only produce medusa by budding, which remain sessil and become rudimen- tary meduso-styles. (10) (11) (14) (86) (131) 158. I._Sub-familia CAMPANULININJE. V. Lemlenf.-ld. The hydrothecae are radially symmetrical and situated terminally on the stem and branches. 60. Genus CAMPANULAPJA. Hincks. Alimentary polyps attached to the bottom of the simple cup-shaped hydro- thec;e, with a broad and basal disc. The hydrocauli arise direct from the hydrorhiza. (42) (65) II, 631 (131), 144. 179. Campanularia simplex. Bale. (9) 58. Laomedra simplex (83) 207, (85) 482. Australia. 175. Campanularia tincta. Hincks (9) 57, (60), (93) 403. Hincksia tincta (2). South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Portland). 176. Campanularia costata. Bale. (9), (93) 403. North coast of Australia (Port Darwin). 40 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE J77. Cainpanularia macrocytharia. De Lamarck. (9) 56, (82) 135, (93) 402. Clytia macrocytharia (85) 202, (118) pi. 93, figs. 4, 5. Australia 178. Campanularia caliculata. Hincks. (62) 178, (63) 161, (OS). Cainpanularia breviscyphia (120) 49. Clytia poterium (2) IV, 297. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 179. Campanularia urnigera, De Lamarck. (9) 55, (82) 135, (93) 402. Clythia urnigera (83) 203, (85) 202. Australia. 61. Genus HALECIUM. Oken. The polyps are slender, they produce several hydrothecre, one after the other at short intervals, so that they appear enclosed by several hydrothecre one inside the other. 189. Halecium tenellum. Hincks. (9) 65, (61) 252, (93), 405. ILdeciiim lulrosum. Alder (Ann. Mag. 3, III), 353. II. Sub-familia SERTULARINJE. V. Lendenfelcl, 1884. The liydrothecre bilateral, symmetric, adnate to the stem and branches. 62. SERTULARIA. Hincks. The polyps biserial, the position of the polyps in one series determined by the position of the polyps in the other. The distance between the polyps in opposite parts of the two series the same. (71) (131) 165. I. GEOTTP.— APERTURE SMOOTH. I Division. — UNBRANCHED SPECIES. 181. Sertularia conferta. Bale. (9) 93, (93) 412. Dynamena conferta (71) 10. North coast of Australia (Carpentaria Gulf). 182. Sertularia turbinata. De Lamarck. (9) 96, (82) 154, (93) 413. Dynamena turbinata (83) 180, (85) 290. II Division. — IRREGULARLY BRANCHED SPECIES. 183. Sertularia arbuscula. Lamouroux (9) 95, (15) 481, (82) 151, (83) 191, (85) 681, (93), 412. Australia. AUSTRALIAN HYDROSIEDUS^E. 41 184. Sertularia typica. V, Lendenfeld. (93) 413. Dynamena sertularoides (83) 173, (8.")) 289. Sertularia sertularoides (71) 96. Australia. Ill Division. — DICHOTOMOUSLY BRANCHED SPECIES. 185. Sertularia rigida. Lamouroux. (9) 97, (15) 481, (83) 190, (85) 681, (93), 414. Australia. IV Division. — PINNATE SPECIES. 186. Sertularia simplex. V. Lendenfeld. (98). East coast of New Zealand (Lyttelton). 187. Sertularia tubiformis. De Lamarck. (9) 95, (82) 153, (93) 412. Dynamena tubiformis (15) 484, (83) 178, (95) 289, Australia. 1S8. Sertularia orthogonia. Busk. (9) 88, (18) 390, (93) 411. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits). ISO. Sertularia patula. Busk. (9) 88, (18) 390, (93) 411. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits, Port Phillip). II GROUP.— HYDROTHECA WITH TWO SMALL PROTUBERANCES. PINNATE. 190. Sertularia Australis. VV. Thompson. (9) 72, (93), 408 (127) 105. Dynamena Australis (72) 11. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip), Tasmania (George Town), New Zealand. 191. Sertularia penna. Bale. (9) 74, (93) 409. Dymon&ma penna (71) 11. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits), Van Diemen's Land. 192. Sertularia bicornis. Bale. (8) 22, (9) S3, (93) 410. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 193. Sertularia trigonostoma. Busk. (9) 84, (18) 392, (93)410. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits), East coast of Australia (Albany Passage). 194. Sertularia tuba. Bale. (9) 87, (93) 411. S mth coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Portland). 42 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OP THE I GROUP.— HYDROTHECA WITH TWO DISTINCT TEETH. I Division. — UNBRANCHED SPECIES. 195. Sertularia minima. Thompson. (9) 89, (93) 411, (127) 104. Sertularia pumila (25). Sertularia pumiloides (8) 21. Sythecium gracilis (25). South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Portland, St. Vincent's Gulf), New Zealand. II Division. — IRREGULAR BRANCHED SPECIES. 19G. Sertularia irregularis. V. Lendenfeld. (93) 406. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). Ill Division. — DlCHOTOMOUSLY BRANCHED SPECIES. 197. Sertularia bispinosa. Loughtrey. (9) 68, (25), (46), (93), 407, (127) 107. South coast of Australia (from Brighton, South Australia, to Bass' Straits), New Zealand. 198. Sertularia operculata. Linne. (9)67, (36) 39, (38) t. IV, tigs. 1, 2, (63) 263, (67) 77, (82) 144, (93; 407. AmpMsbetia operculata (2). Dynamena jisciculata (71) 12. Dynamena operculata (15) 483, (40) 544, (83) 176, (84) 12, (85) 28S. Sea-hair (35) 8. Sertularia usneoides (113) 132. East coast of Australia (Port Stephens), South coast of Australia (from Port Elliot, South Australia, to Western Port), New Zealand. IV Division. — PINNATE SPECIES. 199. Sertularia loculosa. Busk. (9) 91, (18) 393, (93) 412. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Portland, Western Port). 200. Sertularia tenuis. Bale. (9) 82, (93) 410. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 201. Sertularia divergens. De Lamarck. (82) 153. JJi/nametta dioergeiis (15) 484, (83) 180, (85) 290. Sertularia diverges (9) 81, (18) 392, (93) 410. Sertularia Jlasculus (127) 104. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits), South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Portland). 202. Sertularia macrocarpa. Bale. (9) 80, (93) 410 South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Portland). AUSTRALIAN I1YDROMEDUS.E. 43 203. Sertularia unguiculata. Busk. (9) 76, (18) 394, (26), (93) 409. Thuiaria ambigua (127) 111. North coast of Australia (Torres Straits), East coast of Australia (Port Jackson), South coast of Australia (from Robe, South Australia, to Western Port), New Zealand. 204. Sertularia geminata. Bale. (9) 78, (93) 409. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip, Portland). 205. Sertularia recta. Bale. (8) 23, (9) 79, (93) 410. South coast of Australia (Brighton, South Australia). 206. Sertularia flexilis. Thompson. (8) 103, (9) 78, (93) 409. Australia. 207. Sertularia pulchella. Thompson. (9) 71, (93) 408, (127) 108. South coast of Australia (South Australia), Tasmania (George Town). 208. Sertularia bidens. Bale. (9) 70, (93) 408. South coast of Australia (Port Phillip). 209. Sertularia maplestonii. Bale. (9) 70, (93) 408. South coast of Australia (Portland). IV GROUP.— HYDROTHECA, with several teeth. I Division — UNBRANCIIED SPECIES. 210. Sertularia Grosse-dentata. Bale. (9) 94, (93) 412. Dynamena Grosse-dentata (71) 13. Australia. •211. Sertularia minuta. Bale. (8) 21, (9) 90, (93) 411. South coast of Australia. 212. Sertularia obliqua. De Lamarck. (9) 96, (82) 154, (93) 413. Dunamena obllqua (15) 484, (83) 179, (85) 290. Australia. II Division— IRREGULARLY BRANCHED SPECIES. 213. Sertularia distans. Lamouroux. (9) 97, (83) 191, (85) 6*1, (93) 414. Australia. Ill Division — DlCHOTOMOUSLY BRANCHED SPECIES. 214. Sertularia barbata. Bale. (9) 96, (93) 413. Dynamena barbata (15) 289, (83) 178, (85) 289. Sertularia ciliata (82) 151. Australia. 215. Sertularia trispinosa. Loughtrey. (9) 69, (25) (93) 40S. New Zealand. 44 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OP THE IV Division. — PINNATE SPECIES. 216. Sertularia scandens. Lamouroux. (9) 97, (15) 481, (83) 189, (85) 681, (93) 414. Sertidaria millefolium (82) 141. Australia. 217. Sertularia tridens. V. Lendenfeld. Sertularia tridentata (9) 97, (82) 151, (83) 187, (85) 680, (93) 414. Australia. (East coast of Australia, Port Jackson). 218. Sertularia crenata. Bale. (9) 86, (93) (411). 219. Sertularia insignis. Thompson. (9) 86, (93) 410, (127) 109. Tasmania (George Town). 220. Sertularia acanthostoma. Bale. (8) 23, (9) 85, (93) 410. South coast of Australia (South Australia). 221. Sertularia tridentata. Busk. (9) 79, (18) 394, (93) 409. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits).! 222. Sertularia elongata. Lamouroux. (9) 75, (15) 481, (83) 189, (85) 681, (93) 409, (127) 107. Dynamena abictinoides (46). Sertidaria abictinoides (25). Sertularia lycopodium (82) 142. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits, Port Phillip, South Australia), New Zealand. 223. Sertularia divaricata. De Lamarck. (82)143. South coast of Australia (Bass' Straits). 224. Sertularia fertilis. V. Lendenfeld. (93) 406. XII.— Familia HYDRACTIMDJE. V. LENDENFELD. = HYDRACTINIDJE. Clans? (23). Polyp-colonies producing free medusfe or medusostyles. The free medusa; possess acelli at the base of the tentacles, and no atolithes. The tentacles are scattered, and equally distributed. With simple mouth arms. The polyp- colonies consist of a dense mass of entwined hydrorhiza, from which the hydrocauli, simple, or slightly branched, grow forth. The alimentary polyps possess one verticil of filiform tentacles. The medusae bud generally from the hydrorhiza. Polypostyles. Besides the alimentary and generative polyps we meet with defensive spiral polyps. (117) (131) 67. I.— Sub-familia CYTJEINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. Producing free medusie (48), (54) 517, (65), II., 621. AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS/E. 4-5 II.— Sub-familia HYDRACTININ^E. V. Lendenfekl, 18S4. Sexual generation. Medusostyles. 63. Genus DEHITELLA. Gray (?). Hydrophyton dichotomous, perisarc dark-brown. Perisarc of spiral zooids vertical on the stem and branches (?) Differs from Ceratella by the equal distribution of the tufts of spicules. Spiralzooids 1 225. Delritella atrorub3iis. Gray. (9) 49, (19) 47, (95) 612. East coast of Australia (Bondi Bay). 64. Genus CERATELLA. Gray (?). Hydrophyton irregularly dichotomous. Perisarc dark-brown. Hydranths, polypostyles, and medusoid buds unknown. The detail description of the skeleton by Gray is worthless. 226. Ceratella fusca. Gray. (9) 48, (19) (47) (95) 612. Australia. III. SUB-ORDO.-HYDROCORALLIN^E. Moseley, 1876. Alimentary zooids, with few verticillate, capitate tentacles. Hydrorhi/.a forming a dense calcareous skeleton, which also invests the polyps. Groups of niachopolyps, in the form of tentacular zooids, surround the alimentary polyps. Ultimately generative zooids are probably medusa1. (2) (111). XIY. Familia STROMATOPORID.E. Murie and Nicholson, 1878. Possessing undulating lamina? in the skeleton. XV. Familia MILLEPORIM]. Moseley, 1877. Alimentary zooids, with four to six tentacles. Polypary with many conic spaces, divided by tabula?. Ccenenehym, with reticulating canals. Daetylo- zooids, with numerous tentacles. Ampulla? absent. 65. Genus MILLEPORA. Moseley. In the centre of each irregular group of dactvlozooids one alimentarv polyp. 110. 227. Millepora tortuosa. Dana. (27) 545, (95) 613. Fiji Islands. 46 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 66. Genus ARACHNOPORA. Tenison- Woods. The colony spreading like a small thin web over corals. 228. Arachnopora argentea. Tenison-Woods. (95) 614, (131) 8. Australia. XVI. FaniiUa STYLISTERID^E. Moseley. Alimentary zooids, with from four to twelve tentacles. Massive hydrosome containing tubes which possess pseudosepta, formed by the regular position of the tentacular zooids. Dactylozooids devoid of tentacles, Gonanzia con- tained in ambulfe. 67. Genus DISTICHOPORA. De Lamarck. Pores sporadic ; dactylopores of one kind only. Pores simple, in a triple linear row at the lateral edges of the branches of the flabellum, rarely on its faces. 229. Distichopora violacea. Pallas. (95) 614, (113) (133) 61. North coast of Axistralia. 230. Distichopora rosea. Saville Kent. (69) 281, (95) 614, (133). East coast of Australia. 231. Distichopora coccinea. Gray. (95) 615, (130). North coast of Australia. 232. Distichopora gracilis. Dana. (27)151, (95) 615, (133). North coast of Australia. 233. Distichopora livida. Tenison-Woods. (95) 615, (133). North coast of Australia. 68. Genus STYLASTER. Gray. Pores occurring in regular cyclo-systenis. Both kinds of pores with styles. Corallum increasing by regular alternate gemmation of the cyclo-systems from one another. Gasterozooids with eight tentacles. 234. Stylaster gracilis. Milne Edwards et Haime. (32) 98, (33) (95) 615. Australia. 235. Stylaster sanguinens. Valenciennes. (32) 96, (33) (95) 615. Australia. New Zealand. 236. Stylaster gemmascens. Milne Edwards et Haime. (33) 130, (95) 615. Indian Ocean. AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.E. 47 69. Genus CRYPTOHELIA. Milne Edwards. Pores in regular cyclo-systems. Styles absent. Gastrozooids without tentacles ; gastrophores with two chambers ; summits of the cyclo-system covered by a lid. 237. Crytophelia pudica. Milne Edwards et Haime. (32) 93, (33) (95) 616. Northern limit (N"ew Guinea). IV. SUB-ORDO.-TRACHOMEDUSIXJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. TRACHOMEDUSJE. Claus. Hydromeduste which are medusa1, and are propagated sexually without a change of generation, and without forming polypoid zooids. Meduste, with entodermal acustic clubs. XVIL- Familia TRACH03IEDUSIILE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. = TRACHOMEDUS^. Haeckel. Trachomedusinse with gonads on the radial side. (34) (50) (.31) (-37) (58) (59). I._Sub-familia PETASIN^E. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. With four radial canals and long tube-shaped stomach. II.— Sub-familia TRACHINEMIN^. V. Lendenfeld, 188 I. TRACHINEMID^E. Gegenbauer. With eight radial canals, with long tube-shaped stomach. III.— Sub-familia AGLAURINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. = AGLAURIDJE. L. Agassiz. With eight radial canals and with a pedicle to the stomach. 70. Genus STAUROGLAURA. Haeckel. Aglaurinpe with four gonads in connection with alternating radial canals, the other four canals sterile. Gonads on the stalk of the stomach, not on tlu? sub-umbrella. The four acustic clubs in. the interradii. 238. Stauraglaura tetragonima. Haeckel. (50) 277, (95) 617. Australia. 48 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE IV.— Sub familia GERGONINJE. V. Lendenfeld, 1884. = GERGONID^]. Haeckel. Four or six radial tubes ; leaf-shaped gonads. Long stomach pedicles, eight or twelve marginal peronial, and as much acustic vesicles. (34), (57), 48. 71. GERGONIA. Peron et Lesueur. Gergonidte with six gonads in the vicinity of the six radial canals, without centripetal canals. Only six permanent, hollow, perradial tentacles, and twelve acustic clubs. 239. Gergonia diansea. Haeckel. (50) 295, (95) 618. Dianct'a endrachtensis (118) 566. Diancea gaberti (15) 289. Eirene endrachtensis (37) 94. Arythia viridis (2), IV., 363. West coast of Australia (Endracht's Land). Indian Ocean. 72. GENUS CARMARIS. Haeckel. Gergonidre, with six gonads in connection with the six radial canals, between which crecal canals run centripetally from the ring-canal. Twelve permanent tentacles. (Six hollow perradial ones, and six solid interradial ones.) Twelve auditory vesicles (six primary interradial and six secondary perradial). 240. Carmaris. Gilfcschii. (50) 296, (98) 618. Australia. XVIII.— Familia NARK031EDUSIM;. Von Lendenfeld, 1884. = NARKOMEDUS^E. Haeckel. Trachomedusse, with gastral gonads. . I.— Sub-familia CUNANTHIN^. V. Lendenfeld. ^ CUNANTHIDjE. Haeckel. With broad, pouch-shaped radial canals, with otoporpa. II.— Sub-familia PEGANTHIN^E. V. Lendenfeld. PEGANTHID^. Haeckel. Without radial canals, and without gastral pouches in the sub-umbrella. With otoporpa. AUSTRALIAN HYDROMEDUS.E. 49 III.— Sub-familia JEGININJE. V. Lendenfelcl. = JEGINIDJ3. Gegenbaur. Circular canal in communication with gastral cavity by double peronial tubes. With gastral pouches without otoporpa. 73. Genus ^EGINUKA. Haeckel. .^Eginidae, with eight peronial double canals and eight tentacles (four perradial and four interradial), and with sixteen internemal genital pouches. 241. JEgimira myosura. Haeckel. (50) 343, (51) 35, (95) 619. 47D 25' S. ; 130° 32' E. Greenwich. IV.— Sub-familia SOLMARINJE. V. Lendenfeld. SOLMARIDJE. Haeckel. Without circular canal, and without otoporpa : with or without radial canal. Sydney : Charles Potter, Government Printer.- 1687. PUBLICATIONS OF THE AUSTRALIAN ( 'atalogue of the Specimens of Natural History and Miscellaneous Curiosities in the Australian Museum, by J. Roach. 1837. Svo, pp. 71. (Out of print. ) History and Description of the Skeleton of a new Sperm Whale in the Australian Museum, by W. S. Wall. 1S.~>1. Svo, pp. 66, with 2 plates. (Out of print, but to be reprinted.) Catalogue of Mammalia in the Collection of the Australian Museum, by G. Krefft. 1864. 12mo, pp. 133. (Out of print. ) Guide to the Australian Fossil Remains in the Australian Museum. 1570. Svo. (Out of print. ) Catalogue of the Minerals and Rocks in the Collection of the Australian Museum, by G. Krefft. 1S73. Svo, pp. xvii-115. (Out of print.) 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Check List of Australian Birds, showing the distribution of all the known species with notes, by E. P. Ramsay. Catalogue of Shells. Hargraves, and General Collections, by J. Brazier. Descriptive Catalogue of the Eggs of Australian Birds, by A. J. North. LIST OF ERRATA IN THE CATALOGUE OF THE AUSTRALIAN SCYPHOMEDUSJE AND HYDROMEDUSJL BY K. vox LEXDEXFELD, Pii.D., F.L.S., &c. Tins Catalogue was printed after Dr. von Lerideiifeld bad left New South Wales, and he was therefore unable to supervise the proofs. In consequence of this the mistakes made by the printers were not rectified. Dr. von Leu- deufeld has now compiled the following list of principal errata. PART I .-SCYPHOMEDUS^l. For Head Throughout :— CTENAPHOK.E CTENOPHOE.E. Cuidaria Cnidaria. laps tiaps Phasellatse Phacellotse. Strabila Strobila. V. Lendcnfi-ld v. Lendeufeld. 2 AUSTRALIAN SCTPHOMEDtTSyE. For Read Page 5, first line of small type, under Classis IV. & VI. : — Tree Free. Page 6, line 6 :— serata scrota. Page 7, line 2 : — amusing nursing. line 15 from bottom :— lubepithel subepithelium. Page 8, line 5 : — swins swims. line 13:— radius radii. line 18 : — entremity extremity. line 5 from bottom : — Cubamedusse Cuboinedusae. Page 9, lines 4 & 8 :— Khizostamidte Rhizostomidse. Page 10, lines 4, 5, & 7 :— autimer antimer. line 9 :— Bolyclonidae Polyclonidae. line 14 from bottom : — Euhomedusse Cubomedusae. lines 7 & 11 from bottom :— ganglia ganglion. Pa^e 11, line 20 : — oval part. In all the vital oral part. All the vital organs are situated the organs are situated in the sub-umbrella. sub-umbrella. line 5 from bottom : — lamellons lamellous. membranes membranous, omit footnote. Page 12, line 2 : — • Schirinhahlen Schirmhohlen. line 3 :— parochial brachial. line 5 :— Chamoostomidae Chauuostomidse. line 6, omit V. ERRATA. IS i For Read Page 13, line 2 : — Lancaster Lankester. line 5 :- STAMOMEDUS.E STAUBOMEDUf-LK. line 15 : — mesagan raesogon. Page 14, line 4, add : — on Macroajstls. line 5 : — Macrocystis unknown. Page 15, line 10 : — Peratnedusae Perorueclusae. line 16 : — caves cavities. Page 16, lines 1 & 12 :— CUBAMEDUS.E CUBOMEDUS.E. lines 10 & 17:- CHORYBDEID^l CHARYBDEIDJE. Page 17, Hue 1 :— DISCAMEDUSJE DISCOMEDUSJE. Hue 13 :— CARMASTOMJE CANNOSTOM2E. line 8 from bottom, add : — Proceedings of the Linueau Society of New South Wales, vol. ix. page 206. Page 18, line 8 : — primary tentacles primary radii, line 1 0 from bottom : — Couthony Couthouy. line 2 from bottom :— T. de Lamarck J. de Lamarck. Page 19, line 15 from bottom: — Discainedusae Discomedusae. line 1 1 from bottom : — STEMOPTYDIA. STENOPTYCHA. Page 20, line 15, omit : — of. line 13 from bottom : — Local colour. Varieties of Local colour-varieties of. Page 21, Hue 17 :— Lemostoma? St-mostoimr. line 20 : — (schiruihahlen) (Schirmhohlen). 4 AUSTRALIAN SCTPHOMEDUS^E. For Read Page 21, line 14 from bottom :— system System. Hue 9 from bottom :— T. cle Lamarck J. cle Lamarck. Page 22, lines 5, 6, 18, & 30 :- caerulea coerulea. Page 23, line 0 :— CHAMIOSTOMIDtf) CHAUN03TOMIDJE. line 15 :— Centrifugally Centripetally. line 21 :— band Band. Page 24, line 4, omit :— Grlenelg, Haacke. lines 6-8 : — Pseudorhiza Haeckeli, W. Pseudorhiza Haeckeli, W. Haacke. Pseudorhiza Haacke. Pseudorhiza Haeckeli spec. nov. der Haeckeli spec. nov. Der endspross des discouudu- Eudspross des Discomedu- senstammes biologisches senstammes. Biologisches centralblatt. Bond 4, Centralblatt. Baud 4, Nr. 10. Seite 291. Nr. 10, Seite 291. line 13, omit : — in the above loc. line 15, omit : — one. Page 26, line 16 :— Parochial Brachial. Page 27, line 2 :— primate pinnate. line 6 from bottom :— derided derived. line 4 from bottom :— system der medusen System der Meduseu. Page 28, line 16 : — Euligneital subgeuital. Page 29, line 7 :— Pliillorliiza line 3 from bottom, omit A . ERRATA. For Page 30, line 16 :- finally line 2 from bottom : — jVeselljellen Page 31, line 10 from bottom : — SYMBIATICA line 15 from bottom : — zooxanthella Page 32, line 3 from bottom :— Australian 26 species Read finely. Nessekellen. SYMBIOTIC A. zooxanthellae. 26 Australian species. PART II --HYDROMEDUS£. re 4, line 9 from bottom :— Tahrbuch line 5 from bottom :— Tenaische Zeitscbrift fiir naturwissenschaft Page 6, line 10 :— Fiibingen Page 7, line 12 : - Tenaiscbe line 10 from bottom :— coeleuterateii Page 8, line 2 : — Aclimien line 21 : — seites line 8 from bottom :— Lamaroux's Page !>, line 10 :— cimige line 22: — ccelenteraten Jahrbuch. Jenaiscbe Zeitscbrift fiir ]^atur\visseuscliaft. Tubingen. Jeuaische. Coelenteraten. Actinien. Seite. Lamouroux's. einige. Coelenteraten. 6 AUSTRALIAN IIYDROMEDUS.E. For Read Page 10, line 8 : — nesselzellea Nesselzellen. Page 11, line 10: — uatur Natur. line 9 from bottom : — mtrocelluliire intracellulare. Page 15, line 8 from bottom :— obigactis oligactis. Page 16, line 8 : — clavinao Clavinae. line 10 from bottom, first word : — polypostyle polypostyles. Page 17, line 24 : — antipathies antipathes. line 2 from bottom : — Sarsii Lairii. Page 18, add to the synonyms of Lafoiia fruticosa: — Campamdaria fruticosa (45). Page 21, line 13 : — tetrocyfharia tdracytharia. Page 22, line 10 :— 14. Genus Didymograpsus. 14. Genus DIDYMOGKAP- sus. line 19 : — octahrachiatus octobrachiatus. Page 23, line 21 :- palnieus palmens. Page 25 :— III. Subgenus.— HAPTO- III. Subgenus.— HAPTO- THECA. THECA. Page 29, line 17 from bottom, insert after Sertularia the word pluma. Page 32, insert :— 135. Euphysa australis (95) 586. v. Lendenfeld — after the diagnosis of the Genus EUPHYSA. Page 34, line 3 : — Arytliia Orythia. Page 35, line 11 :— spongicula spongicola. Page 36, line 15 from bottom : — eachroma euchroma. Page 37, line 7 from bottom :— Eutimolphes Eutinialphes. ERBATA. For Page 38, line 4 : — campanula lines 19 & 24:- ZYGOCAXNATA. Page 42, line 19 from bottom :— Jlsciculata line 5 from bottom :— flasculus Page 43, line 19 from bottom : — Grosse-dentata Page 48, repeatedly : — GEEGONIA, GEE- GONID^, &c. Read campanularia. ZrGOCAXNOTA. fasciculata. flosculus. grosse-dentata. GEETONIA, GEET- :, &c.