y ar =F, qs AN ya} ™ Ey libris : Ses bse Dall. k Ny. \N YA Ws NWZ: — Ni 2 = oS “bee. 770 D “4 Wo ms << Se tte " + i ¢ OS _ pe at tt eect A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF RECENT SHELLS. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF RECENT SHELLS, ARKANGED ACCORDING TO THE LINNEHAN METHOD; WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE Spnonpmp. BY LEWIS WESTON DILLWYN, F.R.S. anv F.L.S. HONORARY MEMBER OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, THE LINNZ:AN SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA, &e. IN TWO VOLUMES. SSE VOL. II. London : PRINTED FOR JOHN AND ARTHUR ARCH, CORNHILL. ————— 1817. J. M‘Creery, Printer, Black-Horse-court, Fleet Street, London. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF RECENT SHELLS. Genus XXIV. BUCCINUM: SHELL UNIVALVE, SPIRAL AND GIBBOUS; APERTURE OVATE, FNDING IN A SHORT CANAL WHICH BENDS TO THE RIGHT, AND THE PILLAR-LIP FLATTENED, eee Subdivisions.} Inflated, rounded, thin, slightly transpa- rent and brittle. With a short, exserted, reflected beak, and the outer lip unarmed outwardly. Resembling the last division, but the out- er lip on the outside is spinous at the base. **** With the pillar-lip dilated and thickened. ***** With the pillar-lip appearing as if worn flat. He * * eK * + The following indistinct species of Gmelin have been omitted. B. aspe- rum, p. 3503, B.canaliculatum, p.3505. B. cancellatum, p.3489. B. Chalys, p. 3497, B. cuspidatum, p. 3505. B. Digitellus, p.3504. B. edentulum, p- 3505. B. fasciolatum, p. 3504. B. lividulum, p. 3505. B. Macloviense, p. 3493. B. nanum, p. 5497. B. nigropunctutum, p. 3497. B. niveum, p- 3471. B, obli- quum, p.3504. B. punctulatum, p. 3503. B, Pugio, p. 5509- B. squalidum, p. 3487. B. striatum, p. 3477. _B. stromboides, p. 3489, B. trifasciatum, p. 3489, B. tuberculatum, p, 3503. B. verrucosum, p. 3497. VOL, II. B 982 BUCCINUM. ****%** Somewhat polished, and not enumerated. in the former divisions. *X**x=* Anoulated, and not included in the for- mer divisions. *eeee*** 'Turreted, subulate, and slightly polished. ee AES * Inflated, rounded, thin, slightly transparent, and brittle. OLEARIUM. 1. Sheil roundish, transversely ribbed, with an elevated line in the interstices ; aper- ture without teeth. Buccinum Olearium. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1196. Mar- tini, iii. p. 403. t. 117. f. 1076 and 1077. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 307. Gmelin, p. 3469. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 138. Brugwere Enc. Method. p. 243. Rumphius, t.27. f. D. Petiver Gaz. t.90. f. 11, and Amé. t. 9. f. 7. Gualter, t. 44. f. T. Seba, ii. t. 09. two first figures. Knorr, v. t. 12. f. 1. Inhabits the Indian Ocean. Linneus. China, and the East Indies. Humphreys. Shell two, three, or four inches long, and more than two thirds as broad, pale brown or fawn-colour, and sometimes mark- ed with a few darker irregular spots or streaks ; there are on the body-whirl about eighteen broad ribs, with narrow inter- stices having an elevated line in the middle; the spire con- sists of five small whirls marked with a distinct groove. ~ GALEA. 2. Shell ovate, transversely ribbed; ribs convex, and becoming double near the edge; aperture without teeth. Buccinum Galea. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p.1197. Marti- mi, il. p. 393. t. 116. f. 1070. Born Mus. p. 239. Schroeter Einl. p. 308. t.2. f. 1. Gmelin, p. 3469. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 138. Bruguwere Enc. Method. p. e244, Dolium Galea. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 79. Bonanni Ree. 3. f. 183, and Kirch. f. 179. Lister Conch: t. 808. £. 18. Gualter, t.42. Favanne, t. 27. f. B 1. Jnhabits the Mediterranean. Linneus. Coasts of Naples. Ulysses. BUCCINUM. 083 Shell eight or ten inches long, and almost equally broad, vary- ing in colour from pale grey to ochraceous, ventricose, trans- versely ribbed, and the ribs near the edge divided by a longi- tudinal indenture. ‘The number of ribs on the body-whirl is about twenty. PERDIX. 3. Shell ovate, inflated, slightly groov- ed, and undulated with white ; aperture with- out teeth. Buccinum Perdix. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1197. Mar- tint, il. p. 406. t. 117. f. 1078 to 1080. Born Mus. p- 240. Schroeter Einl.i. p. 309. Gmelin, p. 3470. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 188. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 245. Dorset Cat. p. 44.t. 15. f.14. Montagu Test. p. 244. t. 8. f.5. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vill. p. 133. La Tesan. Adanson Senegal, p. 107. t. 7. f. 5. Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 191, and Karch. f. 189. Lister Conch. t. 904. f.45. Kumphius, t.27. f.C. Petiver Gaz. t. 153. f. 13, and Amb. t. 4. f. 11. Gualter, t. 51. f. F. Argenville, t.17.f. A. Knorr, iu. t. 8. f. 1. Favanne, t. 27 st M. Variety. Shell rounder, and the spire more distinctly grooved at the sutures, Buccinum maculosum. Solander’s MSS. Portland Cat. p- 136. lot 3050. Seba, ii. t. 68. f. 16. Inhabits the coasts of America. Linneus. Jamaica. Lister. Amboyna. Rumphius. Coast of Senegal. ddanson. West Indies, China, and South Seas, Humphreys; who also says the variety is from New Holland. Shell from three to five inches long, and about three fourths as broad, thin, rather brittle, of a greyish, pale brown, or fawn colour, longitudinally undulated with white spots ; the ribs formed by the shallow transverse grooves, of which there are about twenty on the body-whirl, are more or less flat, and the pillar is umbilicated. Dr. Solander, for his B. maculo- sum, has referred to Seba’s fig. 16, and it appears to be only a variety of this species. POMUM. 4. Shell ovate, with transverse convex ribs; pillar wrinkled, and the outer lip teoth- ed and thickened. Be 084 BUCCINUM. Buccinum Pomum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1197. Marii- mi, il. p. 58. t.36. f. 370 and 371. Born Mus. p. 240. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 310. Gmelin, p. 3470. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 139. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 247. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 22. Lister Conch. t. 792. f.45. Rumphius, t. 23. f. 4, and t.27.f. B. Petiver Amb. t. 12.1.6. Gualter, t.51.f.C. | Argenville, t. 17.f. L. Seba; mi. t.70. f. 3 and 4. Knorr, vi. t. 23. f.2. Favanne, t. 27. f. G. Inhabits the coasts of Spanish America. Bonanni. Amboy- na. Rumphius. Java. Linneus. China. Humphreys. Shell from an inch and a half to two inches and a half long, and about two thirds as broad, white mottled with yellowish or testaceous spots, or pale brownish yellow with white spots ; there are about thirteen convex ribs on the body-whirl; the aperture is rather contracted, and the outer lip is thick, mar- gmated, and strongly toothed. Da suLcosum. 5. Shell ovate, with_ transverse flat ribs; pillar smooth, and the outer lip toothed and thickened. Buccinum sulcosum. Born Museum, p. 241. Buccinum fasciatum. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 247. Seba, i. t. 68. f. 17. Martini, ui. p. 406. t. 118. f. 1081. Favanne, t. 27. f. B 2. Inhabits the coasts of Coromandel. Martini. Chinese Seas. Humphreys. Shell three inches and three quarters long, and hardly two thirds as broad, white, with four reddish or yellowish trans- verse bands, which gradually vanish before they approach the margin of the outer lip; there are twenty-one or twenty-two flat approximated ribs on the body-whirl. DOLIUM. 6. Shell ovate, inflated; with remote se- micylindrical ribs; beak rather prominent. Buccinum Dolium. Linnaus Syst. Nat. p. 1197. Mar- tind, iil. p. 397. t. 117. f. 1073 and 1074. Born Mus. p. 241. Schroeter Hinl. i.p.311. Gmelin, p. 3470. Schreibers Conch. 1. p.139. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 246. Variety A. White or pale brown, with reddish brown or orange spots on the ribs. Bonanni Rec, 3, . 16, 17, and 25, and Kirch, f. 16, 17; BUCCINUM. 085 and 28. Lister Conch. t. 899. f. 19. Rumphius, t. 27. f. A. Petiver Amb. t. 12. f.5. Gualter, t. 39. f. E. Argenville, t.17.f.C. Seba, i. t. 68. f. 9 to 11, and t.70:f.1: Knorr, mi. t.'8. f. 4. Favanne, t.27: f.C 1, and C 2. Variety B. Pale brown, without any spots on the ribs. Buccinum Allium. Solander’s MSS. Martini, ii. p. 396. t. 117. f. 1072, and t. 118. f. 1082. Brookes’s Intr. t. 6. f. 82. Inhabits the coasts of Sicily and Barbary. Bonanni. Amboy- na. Rumphius. Philippine Islands. Petiver. Senegal. Adanson. 'Tranguebar. Martini. Very common about Tarentum. Ulysses. Shell about three or four inches long, and three fourths as broad, with twelve or thirteen distant semicylindrical ribs on the bo- dy-whirl, and there are sometimes one or two faint elevated lines in the interstices ; the shell is inflated and thin, and the pillar twisted. CHINENSE. 7. Shell globose, inflated, ribbed and striated transversely; aperture spreading; outer lip toothed. Buccinum Australe seu Chinese. Chemnitz, xi. p. 85. t. 188. f. 1804 and 1805. Inhabits the coasts of Java and China. Chemnitz. It appears, from the description of Chemnitz, that this species is nearly allied to B. Dolium, of which it seems doubtful whether it is more than a variety, as elevated striz in the in- terstices of the ribs frequently occur in that species, and the outer lip, though it is said to be toothed, appears in the figure to be only crenated. The length is seven inches, the breadth five, and the height four inches ; the shell is white, with the transverse ribs brown, and marked with longitudi- nal somewhat undulated bands of brown, and there is a row of brown spots at the inner margin of the outer lip. CAUDATUM. 8. Shell ovate, with transverse rounded ribs, and the beak rather prominent. Buccinum caudatum. Gmelin, p. $471. Schreibers Conch, i. p. 150. Buccinum, No. 13. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 359. Knorr, v. t.3.f.4. Martini, iii. p. 408. t. 118. f. 1083 and 1084. 086 BUCCINUM. Tohabits Shell about an inch and three quarters long, and an inch broad, of a brownish or reddish colour, umbilicated, with a wide aperture, and the outer lip plaited and toothed within; spire produced, and composed of six rather inflated whirls. Hav- ing been unable to ascertain this species, I have left it in the place which Gmelin has assigned to it, but it ought proba- bly to be removed to the Murices, as some references which belong to M. clandestinus have been confounded with it. Schreibers has removed it to the third division of Buccinum, and in his Conchylien it stands next to B. Glans. ** With a short exserted reflected Beak, and the outer Lip unarmed outwardly. ECHINOPHORUM. 9. Shell with four tuberculated belts, and the beak promiment. Buccinum Echimophorum. Linnazus Syst. Nat. p. 1198. Martini, ii. p. 86. t. 41. f.407 and 408. Born Mus. p. 949, and Vign. at 238. f. a, b. Schroeter Einl. i. p.312. Gmelin, p. 3471. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 141. Cassida Echmophora. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 437. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 18 and 19. Lister Conch. t. 1003. f. 68. Rumphius, t. 37. f.1. Gualter, t. 43, f.3. Argenville, t.17.f.P, and Zoom. t. 3.f. H. Se- ba, ui. t. 68. f. 18. Knorr,i.t.17.f. 1. Favanne, t. 96) tS, and t. 70. 1, P ii. Inhabits the Mediterranean. Linneus. Common in the Bay of Naples. Ulysses. Shell about three and a half inches long, and near two thirds as broad, of a pale brown or fawn-colour marked with trans- verse elevated striez, and four strongly tuberculated belts ; the epidermis is often worn from the summits of the tubercles which then appear white, and the aperture is also white. noposum. 10. Shell with five rather acute belts, of which the upper are tuberculated; beak prominent. Buccinum strigosum. Gmelin, p. 3476. Buccinum Echmophorum, Var. 3. Gmelin, p: 3472. Cassidea carinata. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 438. Buccinum, No, 97. Schroeter Einleitung, i. p. 380. Laster Conch. t. 1011. f.'71 f. BUCCINUM. o37 Inhabits Shell an inch and a half long, and eleven lines broad, and dif- fers from B. Echinophorum in being smaller, and in having five transverse belts, of which only the two upper are stud- ded with tubercles. M. Bruguiere says it is found ina fos- sil state at Courtagnon in Champagne. Gmelin has three species under the name of B. strigosum, and as Bruguiere’s appellation of carinata was before occupied, it became ne- cessary to find another. RuGosuM. 11. Shell with crowded transverse ele- vated striez, of which two of the upper are tuberculated and broader than the others; aperture toothed on both sides. Buccinum rugosum. Linneus Mantissa, p. 549. Buccinum Tyrrhenum. Chemnitz, x. p. 192. t. 153. f. 1461 and 1462. Gmelin, p. 3478. Buccinum Echinophorum, Var. Martini, ii. p. 88. Gime- lin, p. 9472. Buccinum ochroleucum. Gmelin, p. 3477. Buccinum, No. 113. Schroeter Einleitung, i. p. 385. Cassidea Thyrrena. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 439. Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 160, and Kirch. f. 162. Lister Conch. t. 1011. f. 71 e. Gualter, t. 43. f.2. Ginanni Op. Post. i. t. 5. f.44, andt. 6.f.45. Lavanne, t. 26. f. E 1, and E 2. inhabits the shores of Tuscany. Chemnitz. Common in the Mediterranean, and particularly on the coasts of Italy and Sardinia. Bruguiere. Shell about three inches anda quarter long, and two inches broad, white or yellowish with numerous crowded elevated transverse striz, of which the fifth and sixth, reckoning down- wards from the suture, are tuberculated and broader than the others; the aperture is white, and the outer lip strongly marginated. ABBREVIATUM. 12. Shell with crowded trans- verse elevated equal striz; whirls inflated, and decreasing gradually ; base abbreviated ; aperture toothed on both sides. Buccinum abbreviatum. Chemnitz, x. p. 194. t. 153. f. 1463 and 1464. Gmelin, p. 3468. Variety. Crenated at the sutures. 588 BUCCINUM. Chemnitz, x. p. 194. t. 153. f. 1465 and 1466. Inhabits the Indian Ocean, and the Variety is from the coasts of America. Chemnitz. Shell an inch and a half long, and an inch broad, ovate, whit- ish, with a conical spire composed of six inflated whirls be- coming gradually smaller. ‘The pillar is wrmkled, and the outer lip marginated and toothed within; the beak is very short, and the base has somewhat of a truncated appearance. The shell which I have followed Chemnitz and Gmelin in placing as a variety, is only about half the size, of a reddish or yellowish colour, with a crenated appearance at the su- tures, and is most probably a perfectly distinct species. PLICATUM. 13. Shell slightly plaited on the fore- part, and somewhat decussated with strie ; aperture toothed ; beak recurved. Buccinum plicatum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1198. _Mar- tint, i. p. 68. t. 37. f. 379 and 380. Schroeter Ennl. 1. p- 313. Gmelin, p. 3472. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 142. Cassidea Crumena. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 428. Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 161. Lister Conch. t 1002. f. 67. Gualter, t.40.f. C. Favanne, t. 26. f. I. Inhabits the coasts of Jamaica. Linnaus. Ascension Island. Lister. Shell about two and a half inches long, and an inch and three- quarters broad, of a cinereous or pale brownish flesh-co- lour ; the upper part of the body-whirl is plaited, and the lower part marked with decussated strie. Solander for B. plicatum, has quoted Martini, f. S81 and 382, which all other Conchologists have considered to be B. tuberosum of Linneus, and the description in the Systema Nature is so short, and the references so discordant, that B. plicatum will probably always contmue to be rather a doubtful species. . coRNUTUM. 14. Shell turbinated, and armed with three transverse rows of tubercles ; inner lip much dilated and rounded; aperture toothed ; beak recurved. | | Buccmum cornutum, Var. 8. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 315. Gmelin, p. 8473. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 142. Cassidea cornuta, Coquille adulte. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 435. BUCCINUM. 589 Cassis cornuta, Coquille vieille. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. ou. oat, labiata. Chemnitz, xi. p. 71. t. 184 and 185. Lister Conch. t.1008. f. 71 6. Rumphius, t. 23. f. A. Petiver Amb. t. 7. f. 10, and t. 11. f. 10. Martini, u. t. 35. f. 362. Favanne, t. 26. f. A 2. Junior, Buccinum cornutum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1198. Martini, ii. p. 33. t. 33. f. 348 and 349. Born Mus. p. 243. Schroeter Hinl. 1. p. 314. Gmelin, p. 3472. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 142. Cassidea cornuta, Coquille jeune. Bruguiere Enc. Metho- dique, p. 434. Cassis cornuta, Coquille jeune. Lamarck Syst. p. 80. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f.155. Laster Conch. t. 1006. f. 70, and t. 1009. f. 71 c. Rumphius, t. 23. f. 1. Petiver Gaz. t. 151. f. 9, and Amb. t. 7. f. 14. Gualter, £540. f. D.. Seba iit. 7321..7, 8, 17,,and 18. Knorr, ii. t. 2. f.1.- Favanne, t. 26. f. A 1. dnhabits Amboyna. Rumphius. Coasts of America. Linneus ? East Indies and China. Humphreys. ‘This shell when at maturity, according to Born, is sometimes more than a foot long, but the length is more commonly about nine inches, and the extreme breadth near seven; the whole of the outside is of a dirty white, and indistinctly reti- culated with shallow grooves which form obsolete nodules, besides which there are also three transverse rows of large distant pointed tubercies; the pillar is purplish black with white elevated plaits, and a large dilated flesh-coloured lip which is rounded at the extremity; the outer lip is dilated and flesh-coloured, and has about eight distant broad white teeth which are bordered with black. Young shells are smaller, and are marked with reddish or chestnut-coloured spots; they have three smooth transverse convex bands, which become obsolete when the shell arrives at maturity, and in their place the rows of large tubercles are then formed. Linneus appears only to have known this species in this early stage of its growth. RUFUM. 15. Shell with decussated striz, and no- dulous transverse belts, between which is a double line; aperture toothed; beak re- curved. Buceinum rufum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1198. Martini, N. p, 20. t. 32. f, 34], and t. 33. f. 346 and 347. Born 290 BUCCINUM. Mus.p. —_. Schroeter Einl. p. 315. Gmelin, p. 3473. Schreabers Conch. i. p. 143. Cassidea rufa. Brugwiere Enc. Methodique, p. 433. Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 328 and 329, and Kirch. f. $26 and 327. Rumphius, t. 23. f. B. Petiver Amb. t. 5. f. 5. Gualter, t.40.f. F. Knorr, ii. t. 9. -f. 2, and iv. t. 1. Seba, ii. t. 73. f. 3,4, and 9. Regenfuss, i. t. 12. f. 69. Favanne, t. 26. f. D 2. Jumor. Buccinum pematum. Gmelin, p. 3476. Buccinum ventricosum. Gmelin, p. 3476. Buccinum Pullum. Born Mus. p. 245. Buccinum Rumphii. Shaw's Nat. Misc. xv. t. 596. Buccinum, No, 2, and No. 94. Schroeter Einl. p. 357, and p. 379. Cassidea pennata. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 427. Lister Conch. t. 1007. f.71. Rumphius, t. 23. f. C. Pe- tiver Amb. t. 1C.f. 10. Martini, ii. p. 61. t. 36. f. 372 and 373. {nhabits the shoresof Amboyna. Rumphius. China and Tran- quebar. Regenfuss. Madagascar. Humphreys. Shell four or five inches long, and rather more than two thirds as broad, with longitudinal striz, and transverse double lines; the colour on the back is white mottled with brown and red, and the aperture and expanded lip are red; the teeth on both sides the aperture are white. TUBEROSUM. 16. Shell turbinated, and armed with three transverse rows of tubercles ; inner lip much dilated and triangular; aperture toothed ; beak recurved. Buccinum tuberosum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1198.? Martini, ii. p. 36. t. 38. f. 381 and 382. Born Mus. p. 244. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 317. Gmelin, p. 3473. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 143. Shaw's Nat. Misc. xi. t. 467. Cassidea tuberosa. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 436. Gualter, t. 41. Seba, ii. t. 73. f. 2. Knorr, iui. t. 10. f. land 2. Favanne, t. 25. f. B 2. Inhabits the American Ocean. Linnaeus. West Indies. Hum- phreys. Common on the shores of Guadaloupe, Martinique, and St. Domingo. Brugwiere. Shell commonly from five to seven inches long, and nearly three-fourths as broad, of a greyish white or brown, with longitudinal interrupted zic-zac streaks of purplish brown ; the pillar is blackish with white plaits; the expanded lips BUCCINUM. og lt are pale flesh-colour, and there are generally six black spots on the outer lip, as well as on the appendage which extends from the suture behind the projection of the inner lip to the reflected beak. It is nearly allied to B. cornutum, but dif- fers in being smaller, and in having the pillar-lip triangular. Linneus has described his B. tuberosum with only two rows of tubercles, and the present shell, I believe, has always three, but it answers to Gualter’s t. 41. which is the only figure he has referred to. FLAMMEUM. 17. Shell longitudinally plaited, trans- versely nodulous, and slightly coronaited ; plaits on the spire imbricated ; aperture toothed ; beak recurved. Cassidea flammea. Bruguiere Enc. Methodique, p. 429. Laster Conch. t. 1004. f. 69, and 1005. f. 72. Petiver Gaz. 4.153. 8.).° Seba; it. t.-73. £..5, 6; L415, and -16. Martini, ii. t. 34. £.359. Favanne, t. 25. f. E. Junior. Buccinum flammeum. Lenneus Syst. Nat. p. 1199. Martini, ii. p. 34. t. 34. f. 353 and 354. Born Mus. p- 245. Schroeter Eiml. 1. p. 318. Gmelin, p. 3473. Schreibers Couch. i. p. 144. Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 156. Rumphius, t. 23. f. 2. Seba, i. t..73. f. 19 and 20. Knorr, iv. t. 4. f. 1. Inhabits the coasts of Jamaica. Lister. West Indies. Martin. . Shell when at maturity about four and a half inches long, and near two thirds as broad, brown with transverse rows of white arcuated spots, which become fainter with age; the longitudinal plaits are thickened at the end of every whirl, and in adults there are from two to five transverse rows of tubercles on the body-whirl, but these are wanting in young shells, from one of which the description in the Systema Natur was obviously taken. TESTICULUS, 18. Shell ovate, with elevated long- tudmal and decussated striae; aperture toothed; beak recurved. Buccinum Testiculus. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1199. Mar- tini, ii. p. 64. t. 37. f. 375 and 376. Born Mus. p. 246. Schroeter Einl.1. p. 319. Gmelin, p. 3474. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 144. Cassidea Testiculus. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 426. Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 162, and Kirch. f.163. Lister Conch. 5992 BUCCINUM. t.1001. f. 66. Rumphius, t. 23. f.3. Petwer Gaz. t. 152.)f.)17.) Gualters: t..30. f..C. . Seba; git. 72.4. 17 to 21. Knorr, i. t. 8. f. 2, and iv. t. 6. f. 1. Favanne, t. 26. f. D 3. Junior. Martini, i. t. 37. f. 377 and 378. Inbabits the coasts of Jamaica. Lister. Isle of France, and shores of Coromandel. .D’ Avila. Madagascar and Guada- loupe. Bruguiere. Shell about two inches and a half, or three imches long, and rather more than half as broad, of a whitish or pale yel- lowish red, generally marked with darker red spots, either placed irregularly or in transverse rows; the elevated longi- tudinal lines are placed thrice nearer to each other than those transverse ones which they cross over, and the side next the pillar is less strongly marked than the other ; among the teeth of the pillar is a longitudinal groove, and the outer lip is marginated, and marked with dark brown spots, DECUSSATUM. 19. Shell decussately striated, and covered with small square scales; aperture toothed ; beak recurved. Buccinum decussatum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p.1199. Mar- tint, u. p. 44. Born Mus. p. 246. Schroeter Erni. 1. p- 320.° Gmelin, p. 3474. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 144. Cassidea decussata. Bruguiere Enc. Methodique, p. 425. Variety A. Olivaceous, with transverse rows of square yel- lowish spots. Bonanni Rec. and Karch. 3. f.157. Lister Conch. t. 1000. f 65. Gualter, t. 40. right hand fig. B. Knorr, i. t. 10. f. 3and 4. Martini, i. t. 35. f. 360 and 361. Variety B. Whaitish, with longitudinal yellow stripes. Gualter, t. 40. left hand fig. B. Martini, ui. t. 35. f. 367 and 368. Inhabits the African Ocean. Linneus. Coast of Portugal. Bonanni. Mediterranean, Martin. China. Humphreys. Shell about an inch and three-quarters long, and one inch broad, marked with hollow transverse striz and elevated longitudinal lines, which divide the surface into small square compartments ; the raised belt-like appendages, of which there are six, are pointed at their upper extremities, and two of them are extended along the body-whirl on each side of the aperture. The Variety with longitudinal stripes differs only in colour and markings from that with square spots, ané the inside of both is brownish red. BUCCINUM. 593 AREOLA. 20. Shell with the body-whirl smooth, and the spire elevated and rough with decus- sated strie; aperture toothed; beak recur- ved ; pillar wrinkled. Buccinum Areola. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1199. Mar- tini, i. p. 39. t. 34. f. 355 and 356. Born Mus. p. 247. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 321. Gmelin, p. 3475. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 145. Cassidea Areola. Bruguiere Enc. Methodique, p. 423. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. £.154. Lister Conch. t. i012. f. 76. Rumphius, t. 25. f. B, and 1. Petiver Amb, t. 2. f.11. .Argenville, t. 15. f. 1. Gualter, t. 39. f. H.- Seba, iii. t. 70. f. 7 to 9. Klein Ost. t. 6. f.102. Knorr, i,t. S..f. 5. Favanne, t. 24. f.1. _Inhabits the Mediterranean and Java. Linneus. Amboyna. Rumphius. East Indies. D’ Avila. China. Humphreys. Shell about two inches and a half long, and near one and a half broad, white with transverse rows of square yellow or orange spots ; the body-whirl is polished and smooth, except at the base which is slightly grooved transversely. STRIGATUM. 21. Shell sub-ventricose; body-whirl rather smooth, and the spire rough with de- cussated strie; aperture toothed; beak re- curved ; pillar wrinkled. Buccinum strigatum. Gmelin, p. 3477. Buccinum cassideum strigatum. Chemnitz, x. p. 189. t. 1535. f. 1457 and 1438. Buccinum rugosum. Gmelin, p. 3476. Buccinum Areola, Var. Linneus Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 605. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 321. Buccinum, No. 99. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 320. Cassidea Areola, Var. Bruguiere Enc. Methodique, p. 424. Lister Conch. t. 1014. f. 78. Rumphius, t.25.f.2. Petiver Amb, t.21. f.11. Argenvitle, t.15.f. D. Martini, ii. t. 54. f.356 A. Favanne, t. 24. f. D. {nhabits Amboyna. Rumphius. Mediterranean and Indian Seas. Martini. Shell near three inches and a half long, and more than two and a quarter broad, white with longitudinal yellow stripes. ‘The shell, besides the difference in its markings, 1s larger and more distended than B. Areola. O94 BUCCINUM. SABURON. 22. Shell with the whirls inflated, rounded, and marked with narrow transverse grooves; aperture toothed; beak recurved; pular-lip strongly wrinkled transversely at the base. Cassidea Saburon. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 420. Cassis geometrica. Mus. Gevers. p. 392. No. 1284. Le Saburon. Adanson Senegal, p. 112. t. 7. £. 8. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 20. Junior. Buccinum ignave. Solander’s MSS. Lister Conch. t. 1012. f.76. Rumphius, t. 25. f.C. Pe- tiver Amb. t. 9. f.6. Gualter, t. 39. f. G. Inhabits the Mediterranean and the shore at Lisbon. Bonanni. Isle of Goree. Adanson. Shell two inches and a quarter long, and nearly one inch and a half broad, rather thin, somewhat pellucid, of a dirty white colour with transverse rows of square yellow or ferruginous spots. It differs from B. granulatum, with which Martini has confounded it, in not having any longitudinal striz except those which mark the growth of the shell, in the want of granules on the pillar, and in being destitute of any longitu- dinal belt-like appendages on the spire. When at maturity, it has a longitudinal belt extending along the pillar-lip from the suture to the base of the body-whirl, but this is wanting in young shells. GRANULATUM. 23. Shell transversely grooved, and longitudinally striated; aperture toothed ; beak recurved ; pillar-lip granulated. Buccinum granulatum. Born Mus. p. 248. Cassidea granulosa. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 421. Buccinum Areola, Var. 8. Gmelin, p. 3475. Buccinum trifasciatum. Gmelin, p. 3477. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 155. Buccinum, No. 111. Schroeter Evxnl. i. p. 384. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f.158. Lister Conch. t. 1056. f.9. Martini, ii. t. 32. f. 344 and 345, and t. 34. f. 350 to 352. Favanne, t. 25. f. A 4. Inhabits the Mediterranean. D’ Avila. West Indies. Hum- phreys. Shell from one to four inches long, and the breadth rather ex- ceeds two thirds of the length. It is nearly allied to B. Are- ola, from which, as well as B. Saburon, it may be at once BUCCINUM. 995 distinguished by the granules with which the lower part of the pillar-lip is covered, and the longitudinal striz on the body-whirl will serve to distinguish it from B. undulatum. UNDULATUM. 24. Shell thick, with transverse broad convex ribs; aperture toothed; beak recurved ; pillar-lip granulated. Buccinum undulatum. Gmelin, p. 3475. Buccinum porcatum. Solander’s MSS. Buccinum cassideum undulatum. Chemnitz, xi. p. 7S. t. 186. f. 1794 and 1795. Buccinum, No.89. Schroeter Hinl. 1. p. 377. Cassidea sulcosa. Bruguiere Enc. Methodique, p. 422. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 159. Lister Conch. t. 996. f.61. Petiver Gaz. t. 152. f.8. Gualter, t. 89. f. B. Seba, ii. t. 68. f. 14and 15. Favanne, t. 25. f. A 3. Variety. With the ribs narrower, and the spire more acute. Buccinum gibbum. Gmelin, p. 3476. Buccinam, No. 92. Schroeter Einleitung, i. p. 378. Lister Conch. t. 999. f. 64. Inhabits Barbadoes. Lister. Mediterranean. Chemnitz. Shell about three inches and a haif long, and two and a half broad, of a brownish white colour with transverse rows of unequal yellowish brown spots; the body-whirl and two first whirls of the spire have only broad transverse convex ribs, but the five upper whirls are marked with decussated striz. Gmelin’s B. gibbum is taken wholly from Lister’s figure, and in Dr. Solander’s MSS. the same figure is quoted ior a variety of this species. INFLATUM. 25. Shell ventricose, and slightly fur- rowed transversely ; aperture toothed; beak recurved ; pillar-lip wrinkled and granulated. Buccinum inflatum. Shaw Nat. Misc. xxii. t. 959. Buccinum cassideum tessellatum. Chemnitz, xi. p. 76. t. 186. f. 1792 and 1793. Inhabits the Indian and African Seas.? Shaw. Shell four and a half inches long, and three inches and a quar- ter broad, whitish, with transverse ferruginous bands more or less irregularly broken into oblong spots ; the spire is con- siderably produced, and the whirls rounded ; the whole shell is marked with obsolete, broad, slightly convex transverse ribs, and the upper whirls with decussated striz. The mar- ‘Sr; wes en BUCCINUM. gin of the outer lip is much narrower than in B. undulatum, and the expansion of the inner lip is confined to the base of the pillar, whereas in that species it extends over the upper angle of the aperture. TESSELLATUM. 26. Shell slightly plaited longitu- dinally, and granulated above; spire rather depressed ; aperture toothed ; beak recurved ; pillar-lip wrinkled and granulated. Buccinum tessellatum. Gmelin, p. 3476. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 140. Buccinum maculosum. Gmelin, p. 3476. Buccinum Rumphi. Gmelin, p. 3491. Buccinum granosum. Solander’s MSS. Portland Cat. p. 55. No. 1293. | Buccinum, No. 1. Schroeter Ein. 1. p. 356. Cassis tuberculata. Mus. Gevers. p. 392. No. 1295. Cassidea fasciata. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 430. Lister Conch. t. 997. f. 62. Rumphius, t. 25. f.3. Seba, iil. t. 73. f.1, 12, and 13. Martini, ii. p. 57. t. 36. f. 369, and t. 37. f. 374. Favanne, t. 26. f. B 1. Junior. Buccinum Senegalicum. Gmelin, p. 3477. Le Fasin. Adanson Senegal, p. 111. t. 7. f. 7. Inhabits Amboyna. Rumphius. South Seas. D’ Avila. Coast of Guinea. Humphreys. Shell frequently four inches and a quarter long, and two and a half broad, thin, rather pellucid, of a pale brown colour, with four or five white transverse bands ornamented with large purplish brown spots; the body-whirl is slightly plait- ed longitudinally, and armed with three transverse rows of - granules on the upper part, and also on the spire. BILINEATUM. 27. Shell smooth, with a double row of tubercles on the body-whirl ; aperture toothed; beak recurved ; pillar-lip wrinkled and granulated. Buccinum bilineatum. Gmelin, p. 3476. Montagu Test. p. 244. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 134. Dorset Cat. p. 44. t. 17. f. 8. Buccinum decussatum. Pennant Brit. Zool. App. t. 79. two lower figures. Buccinum porcatum. Pulteney’s Dorset. p. 41. Qn © sj BUCCINUM. Lister Conch. t. 998. f. 63.? Inhabits the shore at Weymouth. Pennant. This species, of which I believe only a single specimen has been dredged up at Weymouth, is thus described, “ Shell size of a large hazel nut, ovated, smooth, whitish, girdled with from two to four bands of brown spots; the upper part set round with two series of tubercles; upper volutions smooth ; aperture large, sub-oval; outer lip slightly dentat- ed; inner lip rugose and granulated.” Mr. Montagu says that foreign specimens exceed two inches in length. Dr. Pulteney considered this shell to be B. porcatum of Solan- der, and from the MSS. of the latter Naturalist, in Sir Jo- seph Banks’s Library, it appears that he considered Lister’s figure 63. t. 998. to be this species. CICATRICOSUM. 28. Shell ovate, smooth, covered. with hollow dots; spire elongated ; aperture toothed; beak recurved; pillar-lip wrinkled and granulated. Buccinum cicatricosum. Gronovius Zooph. p. 303. t. 19. f. 1 and 2. Gmelin, p. 3475. Cassis cicatricosa. Mus. Gevers. p. 392. Inhabits the Indian Ocean. Gronovius. Gronovius says this shell is “ white, and has a transverse row of small unequal contiguous granules; outer lip thickened, double, and armed with transverse equal teeth ; pillar-lip wrinkled and granulated ; spire elongated, and the whirls rounded.” ; RECURVIROSTRUM. 29. Shell slightly striated lon- gitudinally ; body-whirl inflated ;_ spire rather prominent; outer lip toothed ; beak recurv- ed ; pillar smooth. Buccinum recurvirostrum. Gmelin, p. 3477. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 146. Buccinum, No. 101. Schroeter Hinleitung, i. p. 381. Lister Conch. t. 1016. f. 75. Inhabits Barbadoes. Lister. Shell two inches and three quarters long, and one inch and three quarters broad, pale rufous, with obsolete crowded bands of whitish spots on the body-whirl, and the spire mar- bled with pale cinereous and brown; aperture with a thick coat of yellowish enamel on the pillar, and at the upper ex- tremity of the inner lip. VOL, II: c 098 BUCCINUM. cassis. 30. Shell thickly striated transversely ; beak recurved ; inner lip membranaceous and united to the pillar; outer lip thin. Buccinum Cassis.” Gmelin, p. 3477. Schreibers Conch. i. p» 146. Buccinum cassideum. Chemnitz, x. p. 188. t. 152. f. 1456. Inhabits the Bay of Naples. Chemnitz. Shell rather more than an mch and a half long, and one inch broad, of an uniform yellowish brown colour, except the pillar which is white, and marked with crowded transverse slightly elevated strie. The term Cassis is so far from being well applied to this species, that from Chemmitz’s figure it appears rather doubtful whether it should not be placed in another division, and it has not the general habit of a Hel- met. *** Resembling the last Division, but the outer Lip on the outside ts spinous at the base. ERINACEUS. 31. Shell slightly plaited longitudi- nally, and crowned with papille; outer lip muricated at the base. Buccinum Erinaceus. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1199. Mar- tint, i. p. 48. t. 35. f.363, and t. 38. f. 388 and 384. Born Mus. p. 248. Schroeter Fini. i. p. 322. Gmelin, p: 3478. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 148. Buccinum ponderosum. Gmelin, p. 3477. Buccinum, No. 100. Schroeter Kinl. i. p. 381. Cassidea Erinaceus. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 418. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 15% and 153. Lister Conch. t. 1015. f. 73, and t. 1016. f.74. Rumphius, t. 25. f. D, and f. 7. Petiver Amb. t. 9. f. 9. Gualter, t. 39. f. D, andI. Argenville, t.14.f.G. Seba, iil. t. 53. f. 8, 11, 12, 29, and 30. Favanne, t. 24. f. H 2. Variety. With the outer lip unarmed. Cassidea maculata. Meuschen, Mus. Gevers. p. 390. No. 1283. Lister Conch. t. 1013. f.'77. Seba, iii. t. 53. f. 9 and 10. Martini, ii. t. 38. f. 385 and 386. Inhabits the American Ocean, and coasts of Alexandria. Lin- néus. Amboyna. Rumphius. Tranquebar. Martini. Chi- na. “Humphreys. BUCCINUM. 599 Shell about an inch and a half long, and rather more than half as broad, of a whitish, fawn, or flesh-colour, variously marked with pale yellowish bands, or longitudinal streaks, or reddish spots, and a row of dark brown spots on the outer lip; the body-whirl is longitudinally plaited, particularly on the side of the outer lip, and a transverse row of nodules is formed on the shoulder, as also sometimes on the two first whirls of the spire. Born and Bruguiere have followed Mar- tini, and refer only to his figure 363 for this species, where- as Schroeter, Gmelin, and Schreibers have cited all the figures above referred to, and the gradation appears to me to be too regular to admit of any specific distinction. Dr. So- lander, on the contrary, has not made any reference to Mar- tini for B. Erinaceus, but quotes f. 363 for his B. Meles, and the other four figures for another species which appears in the Portland Catalogue under the name of B. Pantheri- na. ‘The lip is sometimes not muricated, but I much doubt whether this difference, as well as that which often happens in the nodules of the spire, may not be produced by age; and Linnezus was probably of the same opinion, for he has re- ferred to both D and I of Gualter’s plate 39, and also to six figures in Seba which comprise all these different appear- ances. BIARMATUM. 32. Shell slightly plaited longitudi- nally, and crowned with papille ; outer lip with two rows of sharp spines. Buccinum nodulosum, Gmelin, p. 3479. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 140. Buccinum, No. 107. Schroeter Eznleitung, i. p. 383. t. 2. f. 9. {nhabits Shell about an inch long and two thirds as broad, and is shorter as well as thicker than b. Erinaceus, from which, accord- ing to Schroeter’s description, it may be at once known by its having the inside as well as outside of the outer lip muri- cated. In colour it resembles B. Erinaceus, and has a dark spot at the termination of the Canal, as well as a row of spots along the upper edge of the margin of the outer lip. There are two Buccina in Gmelin with the name of nodu- losum, and I have therefore changed that of the present spe- cles. Cc % 600 BUCCINUM. FIMBRIA. 33. Shell longitudinally plaited, crowned with papille, and the spire cancellated ; outer lip toothed within, and muricated at the base. Buccinum Fimbria. Gmelin, p. 3479. Buccinum plicatum, Var. g. Gmelin, p. 3472. Buccinum Tulipa. Solander’s MSS. Buccinum cassideum, plicis et nodis quasi crispatum. Chemnitz, x. p. 191. t. 153. f. 1459 and 1460. Knorr, ii. t. 28. f. 1. Seba, ui. t. 53. f.1 and 2. Favanne, t.'25. f. D4. Inhabits the East Indian Seas. Chemnitz. Shell two inches and three-quarters long, and an inch and a half broad, white with longitudinal waved yellow stripes; the body-whirl is longitudinally plaited, and nodulous on the shoulder, and the whirls of the spire are cancellated and no- dulous ; the outer lip is toothed on the inside, besides which, it has a shorter row of exterior spines. GLAucuM. 84. Shell smooth and crowned with pa- pille ; spire cancellated, and the outer lip muricated at the base. Buccinum glaucum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p.1200. Mar- fini, li. p. 23. t. 32. f. 342 and 343. Born Mus. p. 249. Schroeter Einleitung, i. p. 323. Gmelin, p. 3478. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 148. Cassidea glauca. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 419. Lister Conch. t. 996. f. 60. Rumphius, t. 25. f. A. Pe- tiver Amb. t. 7. f. 4, and t. 11. f. 18. Gualter, t. 40. fA. , Seba; ml.t. 71. f..11,to 16. ,( Knorr, mi. t..8. £.3. Favanne, t. 25. f. D 3. Inhabits the coasts of Amboyna. Rumphius. China. Hum- phreys. Shell three or four inches long, and two thirds as broad, with the body-whirl smooth or only very obsoletely ribbed trans- versely, and the spire cancellated and coronated. Old shells are of a nearly uniform cinereous colour, but younger ones are marked with pale yellowish bands. The inside is brown or violet, and the outer margin of the outer lip is tinged with the same colour. ‘The outer lip is toothed within, and armed with three or four spines at the base. viBEX. 35. Shell entirely smooth and level, and the outer lip muricated at the base. BUCCINUM. 601 Buccinum Vibex. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p.1200. Martini, ii, p. 52. t. 35. f. 364 to 366. Born Mus. p. 249, and Vign. at p. 238, fig. d. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 324. Gme- lin, p. 3479. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 149. Cassidea Vibex. Bruguiere Enc. Methodique, p. 417, Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 151. Rumphius, t. 25. f. E, and 9. Petiver Amb. t. 4. f.9. Gualter, t. 39. f. F. Seba, ii. t. 53. f. 3, 4, 18 to 23, and 31. Argenville, t. 17. f. H. Regenfuss, i. t.10.f.40. favanne, t. 25. f. H 1. Inhabits the coasts of Alexandria, and Jamaica. Linnaeus. Amboyna. Rumphius. 'Tranquebar and Frederick’s Islands. Regenfuss. Shell about two inches long, and very little more than half as broad, extremely smooth all over, and nearly white with lon- gitudinal waved yellow bands. The outer lip has not any internal teeth, but is externally muricated towards the base, and the pillar is slightly plaited. PAPILLOSUM. 36. Shell tuberculated all over, and the outer lip muricated at the base. Buccinum papillosum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1200. Martini, iv. p. 63. t. 125. f. 1204 and 1205. Born Mus. ' p. 250. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 325. Gmelin, p. 3479. Schreibers Conch. 1. p.149. Bruguiere Enc. Method. - 270. Pi, Conch. t.969. f. 23. Rumphius, t.29.f.M. Pe- tiver Amb. t.9.f. 16. Gualter, t. 44. f.G. Argen- ville, t.9.f. I. Seba, ii. t. 49. f. 57 to 59. Knorr, ii. t.27.f.2. Favanne, t. 31. f. G 2. Inhabits the Asiatic Ocean. Linneus. Amboyna. Rumphius. Coasts of ‘Tranquebar, Java, and the Moluccas. Brugutere. Madagascar. Humphreys. Shell about an inch and a half long, and half as broad, yel- lowish-red with a rose-coloured summit, and covered all over with rows of tubercles, by which, and its muricated lip, it may be readily known. GLANS. 37. Shell smooth, with the summit of the spire longitudinally grooved, and the outer lip muricated. Buccinum Glans. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1200. Martini, iv. p. 60. t.125. f.1196 to1198. Born Mus. p. 251. Schroeter Hinl. i. p. 326. Gmelin, p. 3480. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 149. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 269. 602 BUCCINUM. Lister Conch. t. 981. f. 40. Rumphius, t. 29. f. P. Pe- twer Amb. t.13.f.5. Seba, ui. t. 39. f. 56, 57, and 60. Knorr, in. t. 5. f.5. Regenfuss, i. t. 12. £. 55. Fa- vanne, t. 33. f. L. Variety. Slightly tubercular at the sutures. Martini, iv. t. 125. f. 1199 and 1200. Inhabits the Asiatic Ocean. Linneus. Amboyna. Rumphius. Shell an inch and three-quarters long, and near an inch broad, white with a few large irregular brown spots, and marked throughout with parallel dark transverse lines, which on the body-whirl are near two lines apart; the inside is also marked with delicate pale striz. Linneus described the pillar-lip with two teeth, but I have never been able to find more than one, and this is placed near the upper angle of the aperture. GIBBUM. 38. Shell sub-ventricose, smooth, slightly striated, and the outer lip muricated at the base. Buccinum gibbum. Bruguiere in Enc. Method. p. 267. Buccinum tessulatum, Gmelin, p. 3479. Schr chore Conch. 1. p. 150. many foliorum. Gmelin, p. 3493. Buccinum, No. 3. Schroeter Binetng, 1. p. 357. Bonanni Rec. 3. £. 65. Lister Conch. : os. f. 30, and Exer. Baie t.8.f.7%. Rumphius, t.29.f. ¥. Pe- tiver Amb. t.13. f.25. Gualter, t. 44. f. B. Martini, li. t. 38. f. 387 and 386. Favanne, t. 33. f. S 2, and t. CU Aan ee War ge Inhabits the coasts of Naples. Bonanni. Among the leaves and branches of maritime shrubs at Amboyna. Rumphius. Coasts of Spain and Italy. Bruguiere. Shell near an inch and a quarter long, and three-quarters of an inch broad, of a reddish or yellowish brown colour, variously speckled or striped with yellow or white, and always marked with a whitish band spotted with brown at the sutures; the upper part of the pillar-lip becomes abruptly rounded by the inflated contour of the whirl, and old shells have two or three sharp spines at the base of the outer lip. As there can be no doubt that Martini’s figures 387 and 388, belong to B. gibbum of Bruguiere, I have retained this name, be- cause it is more applicable than that of tessu/atum, and B. gibbum of Gmelin is either a Variety of B. undulatum, or otherwise appears to be undeserving of notice. BUCCINUM. 608 eek* With the Pillar-lip dilated and thickened. ARCULARIA. 39. Shell plaited longitudmally and transversely striated, with the whirls papil- lary above; pillar-lip dilated and thickened. Buccinum Arcularia. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1200. Mar- tint, i. p. 89. t. 41. f. 409 to 412. Born Mus. p. 250. Schroeter Evnl. i. p. 327. Gmelin, p. 3480. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 152. Bruguiere in Enc. Meth. p. 278. Nassa Arcularia. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 76. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 175, and f. 340. Laster Conch. t. 970. f. 24. Rumphius, t. 27. f. M. Petiver Amb. t. 12.f.9. Gualter, t. 44. f.O, Q, and R. Ar- genville, t.14.f. C. Seba, iil. t. 53. f. 32, 35, 57, 40, and 41. Knorr, vi. t. 22.f.3. Favanne, t. 33. f. F 3. Variety. With a broad band on the body-whirl. Buccinum fasciolatum. Gronovius Zooph. t. 19. f. 7 and 8. Inhabits the coasts of Amboyna. Rumphius. Java. Linneus. Isle of France and Madagascar. Bruguiere. China. Hum- hreys. sil about fourteen lines long, white, and elegantly cancel- lated with longitudinal plaits and transverse strie; the tu- bercles at the angulated shoulder of every whirl are crossed on their summits by a transverse groove ; the outer lip is crenated on the margin and striated within, and the throat is marked with broad reddish brown, or flesh-coloured bands. cORONATUM. 40. Shell striated at the base; whirls smooth and tuberculated at the sutures; outer lip spinous. Buccinum coronatum. Brugueere in Enc. Meth. p. 277. Buccinum mutabile. Schroeter Ein. i, p. 329. t. 2. f. 4. Seba, iu. t. 53. f. 28 and 39. Inhabits the Sea at Foulepoint in the Island of Madagascar. Bruguwere. Shell one inch long and seven lines broad, olivaceous or brown, _ striped irregularly towards tbe outer lip, and marked in the upper part of the body-whirl with a pale yellowish band which follows the course of the spire; the tubercles at the sutures are white. Bruguiere says it also differs from B. Arcularia, in not having the pillar-lip expanded over the 604 BUCCINUM. aperture, but I have a specimen which appears to be the same species in a more advanced stage of growth, and which has the lip equally expanded. HEPATICUM. 41. Shell ribbed longitudinally, and papillary at the sutures; pillar-lip dilated and rugose. Buccinum hepaticum. Pulteney’s Dorset Cat. p. 44. t. 15. f.13. Montagu Test. p. 243. t. 8. f.1. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 135. Inhabits the coasts of Dorsetshire, rare. Pulteney. Shell an inch long and five-eighths broad, of a dull brownish colour variegated with a few ferruginous spots, and there is sometimes a white band within the outer lip; spire sharp- pointed, with seven or eight slightly tumid and strongly rib- bed whirls; pillar-lip folded back, and having one tooth- like ridge on the upper part. PULLUS. 42. Shell gibbous, obliquely striated and cancellated ; pillar-lip dilated and thickened. Buccinum Pullus. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1201. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 328. t. 2. f.2, aand 6. Gmelin, p. 3481. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 276. Lister Conch. t. 970. f. 25. Rumphius, t.27.f. N. Pe- tiver Amb. t. 12.f. 10. Gualter, t.44. f. N. Adanson Senegal, p. 117. t. 8. f. 11. Inhabits the straights of Malacca. Rumphius. Coasts of Se- negal. Adanson. Mediterranean. Linnaeus. Shell half, or sometimes near three-quarters of an inch long, and two thirds as broad, white, pale grey or fawn-colour, and sometimes slightly marked with spots or transverse bands of brown; the longitudinal elevated stria are some- what oblique, and are crossed by others transversely. THERSITES. 43. Shell gibbous, with half the body- whirl and the whole spire longitudinally plaited ; pillar-lip dilated and thickened. Buccinum Thersites. Brugueere Enc. Meth. p. 279. Buccinum Arcularia, Var. 8. Gmelin, p. 3480. Buccinum, No. 4. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 357. Lister Conch. t. 971. f. 26. Seba, ui. t. 53. f. 44 to 46. Martini, ui. t. 41. f. 413. Inhabits the Asiatic Ocean. Brugwiere. BUCCINUM. 605 Shell three-quarters of an inch long, and two thirds as broad, pale olivaceous or cinereous, sometimes marked with a darker or brownish band, and the inside is of an uniform brown with the exception of a pale narrow transverse stripe ; about the middle of the back of the body-whirl there is a singular gibbosity, the space between which and the outer lip is smooth, and the other half as well as the whole spire is longitudinally and somewhat obliquely plaited. veERRucosuUM. 44. Shell gibbous, and tuberculated; pillar-lip dilated and thickened. Buccinum verrucosum. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 279. Cassis perlata. Meuschen Mus. Gevers. p. 390, No. 1275. Lister Conch. t. 972. f. 27. Inhabits the East Indies. Lister. Ceylon, and among the rocks in the sea at Foulepoint in Madagascar. Brugwere. Shell nearly of the same size and appearance as B. Thersites, but has four rows of tubercles on the body-whirl, of which one is situated by the suture, two in the middle, and one at the base; the row at the base is said by Bruguiere to be sometimes wanting, and always smaller than the others. GIBBOsSULUM. 45. Shell gibbous, smooth; pillar- lip dilated and thickened. Buccmum $ gibbosulum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1201. Schroeter Einl.i. p. 329. t. 2. f. 3. aandb. Gmelin, p. 3481. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 153. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 280. Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 388. Lister Conch. t. 973. f. 28. Knorr, vi. t. 22. f. 6. Martini, ii. t. 41. f. 414 and 415. Inhabits the Mediterranean, Linnaeus. Asiatic Ocean. Bru- guiere. Shell rather more than half an inch long, and almost equally broad, with a short pointed spire, of which nearly the whole of one side is buried in the expanded margin of the aper- ture; the middle of the back of the body-whirl is gibbous, and on its side towards the outer lip is a large irregular in- denture. MUTABILE. 46. Shell oval-oblong, smooth, with the upper whirls longitudinally grooved ; pillar two-plaited. 606 BUCCINUM. Buccinum mutabile. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p.i201. Born Mus. p. 252. t. 9. f. 13. Buccinum nitidulum. Martini, iv. p. 59. t. 125, f, 1194 and 1195.? Schroeter Einl.i. p.347. Gmelin, p.3497. Buccinum Miran. Brugwiere Enc. Method. p. 268. Le Miran. Adanson Senegal, p. 50. t. 4. f. 1. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 60. Gualter, t. 44. f. R. Favanne, t. 33. f. 8 1. Variety. With a spotted band at the sutures. Chemnitz, xi. p. 89. t. 188. f. 1810 and 1811. Inhabits the coasts of Senegal. Adanson. Almost all authors have disagreed respecting B. mutabile, and Bruguiere with much probability has conjectured that Lin- nus, supposing B. gibbum to differ from the present shell only in age, used the name to express such a remarkable change in the appearance. ‘The shell is about thirteen lines long, and rather less than half as broad, white or of an agate- colour, and is said by Bruguiere to be uniform without any markings; Chemnitz has, however, figured a shell which agrees in all other respects with this species, but which re- sembles B. gibbum in being freckled, and in having a simi- lar white spotted band at the suture ; about one fourth of the body-whirl is transversely striated at the base, and of the nine whirls which compose the spire, the eight uppermost are finely grooved longitudinally. It would stand better near to Buccinum Glans, than in the place which Linnzus has assigned it among the shells of this division. NERITEUM. 47. Shell convex, obtuse, depressed and smooth ; pillar-lip obsoletely dilated, and thickened. Buccinum neriteum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1201. Born Mus. p. 252. t.10. f.3 and 4. Schroeter Hinl. i. p. 331. Gmelin, p. 3481. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 284. Trochus Vestiarius, Var. 8. Gmelin, p. 3578. Trochus, No. 40. Schroeter Exnl. i. p. 259. Trochus, No. 82. Schreibers Conch.1.p. —« Trochus nanus. Udysses’s Travels, p. 468. Plancus, t. 3. f.3. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 212. Gualter, t. 65. f. C and I. Chemnitz, v. t. 166. f. 1602, No. 1, 2, and 3. Favanne, t. 11. f. Q. Inhabits the Adriatic. Plancus. Mediterranean. Linnaeus. Isle of France, and the Moluccas. Favanne. 'Tarentum. Ulysses. The greatest diameter is about half an inch, and when the shell BUCCINUM. 607 is placed on its flattened side, its height, to the summit of the depressed spire, scarcely exceeds two lines; the colour is white, reddish, yellow, or olivaceous, either without mark- ings, or with a purplish line along the sutures, or mottled somewhat in the same manner as Trochus vestiarius, with which however it possesses no other affinity ; the form has more resemblance to a Nerite, but the aperture 1s emargi- nate at the base. KE Pillar-Lip appearing as if worn flat. HARPA. 48. Shell with longitudinal keeled mu- cronate remote ribs, and longitudinally stri- ated ; pillar smooth. Buccinum Harpa. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1201. Born Mus. p. 258. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 381. Gmelin, p. 3482. Schreibers Conch. i. p.155. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 249. Variety A. Ribs broad, and mottled. Buccinum Testudo. Solander’s MSS. Portland Cat. p. 98. lot 2148. Harpa ventricosa. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 79. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 185. Rumphius, t. 32. f. K. Petiver Amb. t.7. f. 8. Knorr, ii. t. 19. f. 1 and 2. Regenfuss, ii. t. 6. f.51. Martini, ii. t. 119. f. 1090. Favanne, t. 28. f. A 3. Variety B. Ribs narrow, and rose-coloured. Buccinum Testudo, Var. Solander’s MSS. Martini, ii. t. 119. f. 1094. Variety C. Ribs with transverse stripes in threes. Buccinum Cithara. Solander’s MSS. Rumphius, t. 32.f.L. Petiver Amb. t.2. f.2. Knorr, hk ves f.3. Martini, ii. t. 119. f. 1091. Favanne, t. 28. f.AGT; Variety D. Ribs with transverse stripes in pairs. Buccinum Lyra. Solander’s MSS. Laster Conch. t.994. f..57. Rumphius, t. 32. f.M. Peti- ver Amb. t.15.f.10. Kleimn Ost. t. 6. f.105. Marti- ni, ii. t. 119. f. 1095 and 1097. Variety E. Ribs with single transverse distant stripes. Buccinum Barbiton. Solander’s MSS. Portland Cat. p. 8. lot 10. Martini, iii. t. 119. f. 1092. Chemnitz, x. t. 152. f. 1451. Inhabits the coasts of Bengal. Linnaeus. Isle of France. Lis- 608 BUCCINUM. ter. Amboyna. Rumphius. Coromandel. Martini. Chi- na. Humphreys. Shell most commonly from two to three inches long, and near- ly two thirds as broad, variously marbled, undulated, and banded with fawn-colour, reddish brown, rose-colour, and white, and marked with large irregular brown spots on the pillar. Allits numerous varieties in size and colour approach each other by so many almost imperceptible gradations, that it is difficult to find any specific marks to distinguish them. CANCELLATUM. 49. Shell with longitudinal, mu- cronate ribs, and their interstices transverse- ly striated; pillar smooth. Harpa cancellata. Chemnitz, x. t. 152. f. 1453. Hum- phreys in Callone’s Cat. p. 18. No. 293. Buccinum Harpa, Var. Gmelin, p. 3482. Brugwiere Enc. Meth. p. 450. Inhabits the coasts of Tranquebar. Chemnitz. Shell about an inch and a half long, and near two thirds as broad, with fifteen or sixteen longitudinal ribs, and it differs principally from B. Harpa in having the spaces between the ribs transversely striated. Mr. Humphreys suspects it may be the young of Solander’s B. Testudo, costatum. 50. Shell with crowded longitudinal mucronate ribs; pillar smooth. Buccinum costatum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1202. Mar- tint, il. p. 418. t. 119. f. 1093. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 333. Chemnitz, x. p. 184. t. 152. f. 1452. Gmelin, p. 3482. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 156. Buccinum Harpa, Var. E. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 250. Argenville App. t.2.f. F. Favanne, t. 28. f. A 4. Inhabits the Philippine Islands. Humphreys. This shell is still more nearly allied to B. Harpa than the pre- ceding, and in a specimen now before me the ribs on the side next the pillar-lip are much crowded, whilst those on the other half of the shell become abruptly twice as remote, and Linneus has therefore probably erred in arranging it as a separate species. . PERSICUM. 5!. Shell scabrous, with a crenulated outer lip and flat pillar. BUCCINUM. 7 609 Buccitum Persicum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1202. Mar- tint, ii. p. 40. t. 69. f. 760. Born Mus. p. 254. Schroe- ter Einl. 1. p. 334. Gmelin, p. 3482. Schreibers Conch. 1. pyS7. Pash Persica. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 77. Lister Conch. t. 987. f. 46. Rumphius, t. 27. f. E. Argen- ville, t. 17. f.E. Gualter, t. 51. f. Hand L. Seba, iii. t.72. f. 10 and 11. Knorr, 11. t.2.f.5. Favanne, t. 27. f. Di2. Variety. With transverse nodulous bands. Buccinum Rudolphi. Chemnitz, x. p. 196. t. 154. f. 1467 and 1468. Buccinum fornicatum. Gmelin, p. 3487. Buccinum torvum. Solander’s MSS. Taster Conch. t. 987. f.47. Seba, i. t. 72. f. 12 to 16. Knorr, iv. t. 5. f.4. Favanne, t. 27. f. D3. Kemme- rer Cab. Rudolst. t. 9. f. 1. Inhabits the Asiatic Ocean. Linneus. Amboyna. Rumphius. Persian Gulf. Martini. China. Humphreys. Shell about two or two and a half inches long, and sometimes rather more than two thirds as broad, brown with transverse elevated bands and lines, which are generally spotted with white. B. Rudolpht of Chemnitz has the spire more pro- duced, the aperture not so wide, and the transverse bands are nodulous, but the intermediate gradations are so nume- rous that it appears almost impossible to draw any separat- ing line; Gmelin has placed it as a variety of B. Persi- cum, and afterwards as a separate species under the name of B. fornicatum. “ PATULUM. 52. Shell muricated; outer lip crenat- ed without, and the pillar oblique and fal- cated. Buccinum patulum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1202. Marti- ni, it. p. 38. t. 69. f. 758 and 759. Schroeter Einl. i. p- 335. Gmelin, p. 3483. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 157. Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 368, and Kirch. f. 361. Lister Conch. t. 989. f. 49. Petiver Gaz. t. 152. f. 3. Gualter, t. 51. f. E. Adanson Senegal, t. 7. f.3. Knorr, vi. t. 24. f. 1. Favanne, t. 27. f. D4. Inhabits America. Linneus. Barbadoes. Lister. Fort St. George in the East Indies. Petiver. Senegal. Adanson. West Indies. Humphreys. Shell from two to four inches long, and more than half as broad, nearly black, ‘with whitish transverse lines, and there 610 BUCCINUM. are sometimes two broad paler bands towards the base; the whole surface is strongly muricated, and there are six or seven spinous elevated belts on the body-whirl. MONODON. 53. Shell transversely ribbed, and lon- gitudinally wrinkled; outer lip crenulated, and armed with a subulate tooth at its base. Buccinum Monodon. Solander’s MSS. Portland Cat. p. 17. lot 372. Gmelin, p. 3483. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 147. Buccinum Monoceros. Chemnitz, x. p. 197. t. 154. f. 1469 and 1470. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 253. Buccinum, No. 5. Schroeter Einleitung, 1. p. 357. Pallas Spic. Zool. fasc. 10. p. 33. t. 3. f. 3 and 4. Knorr, iv. t.30.f. 1. Regenfuss, i. t.7.f.2. Martini, in. t. 69. f.761. Favanne, t.27. f. D1. Martyn Univ. Conch. i. t. 10, and ii. t. 50. Inhabits the coasts of Terra-del-fuego. Solander. Cape Horn and the Straits of Magellan. Brugwiere. Falkland Islands. Humphreys. Shell two, or two inches and a half long, and nearly three- fourths as broad, of a pale chestnut-colour, and the inside white ; the transverse ribs are made scaly by the crossings of the longitudinal wrinkles. Bruguiere has described two shells under the names of B. Narval, and B. Unicorne, which have a subulate tooth like that of B. Monodon, and the dif- ference is so small that it may be doubted whether they are more than varieties; the former is said to be smooth, with only obsolete transverse lines, and the other thick, smooth, and somewhat angulated transversely. HAUSTRUM. 54. Shell transversely ribbed, and the spire short ; pillar oblique; outer lip crenu- lated and striated within. Buccinum Haustrum. Martyn Univ. Conch. i. t. 9. Buccmum Hauritorium. Chemnitz, x. p. 183. t. 152. f. 1449 and 1450. Buccinum Haustorium. Gmelin, p. 3498. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 141. Inhabits the coasts of New Zealand. Martyn. Shell about two inches long, and nearly three fourths as broad, of a dark chestnut colour, and the pillar and throat white ; it resembles B. Monodon, from which it may be distin- BUCCINUM. 611 guished by the smoothness of its transverse ribs, and by the want of any tooth on the outer lip. CONCHOLEPAS. 55. Shell with the spire obliquely recurved ; aperture very large; outer lip re- flected ; pillar-lip with two obsolete teeth at the base. Buccinum Concholepas. Bruguiere in Enc. Meth. p.252. Patella Concholepas. Portland Cat. p. 186, lot 3964. Patella Lepas. Gmelin, p. 3697. Patella, No. 64. Schroeter Einl. 11. p. 460. Le Grand Concholepas. Favanne, i. p. 543. t. 4. f. H 2. Argenville, t. 2. f. D. Humphreys’s Conch. t. 2. f. 7, and t.5.f.9. Chemnitz, x. Vign. 25, at p. 320. f. Zand B. Inhabits the straights of Magellan, and coasts of Peru. Hum- phreys. Shell from two to four inches long, and three-fourths as broad at the base, rugged, of a chestnut-colour, and the inside white. In form it is a good deal like Patella militaris, but M. Bruguiere says, “ J’ai eu occasion de voir plus de trente de ces coquilles chez mon ami, M. Dombey, qui les avoit ramassées lui-méme sur les cétes du Pérou, et j’ai eu la sa- tisfaction de trouver 4 chaque individu son opercule tendi- neux, ce qui, en etablissant le discernement éclairé de M. Dombey, suffit d’ailleurs pour démontrer que le Concholé- pas west point une Patelle, mais quill appartient incontesta- blement au Genre du Buccin. Ce qui est encore confirmé par ’échancrure de sa base, et par l’existence de sa spire, quoiqu’elle soit peu marquée, et d’une forme qui n’est point ordinaire.” HEMASTOMA. 56. Shell sub-muricated; outer lip striated within; pillar flattish, and the throat and aperture fulvous. Buccinum Hemastoma. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1202. Born Mus. p. 255. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 356. Gmelin, p- 3483. Sechreibers Conch. i. p. 157. Chemnitz, xi. p. 80. t. 187. f. 1796 and 1797. Lister Conch. t. 988. f. 48. Gualter, t. 51. f. A. Marti- Ni, il. t. 101. t. 966. Variety. Shell broader, and the tubercles nearly obsolete. Martini, ii. t. 101. f. 964 and 965. {nhabits the European Ocean. Linneus. Mediterranean and Athiopic Seas. Gmelin. Coasts of Turkey. Humphreys. 612 BUCCINUM. Shell from two to four inches long, and nearly three fourths as broad, coarse cinereous or greyish brown, transversely striat- ed, and marked with about four elevated belts, of which the two upper are nodulous. The Linnean Murex Mancinella belongs to the same natural family, and these two species ought not to be so far separated. ARMIGERUM. 57. Shell turbinated, and armed with about three transverse rows of large co- nical tubercles on the body-whirl; aperture white. Buccinum Armigerum. Chemnitz, xi. p. 82. t. 187. f. 1798 and 1799. Inhabits the South Seas. Chemnitz. Shell near three inches long, and more than half as broad, pering almost equally both above and below in the manner of Voluta Ceramica, white, marked between the rows of conical spines on the body-whil with transverse brown stripes; the spire is armed with a row of pomted tubercles on each whirl, and is white mottled with brown. LUTEOSTOMUM. 58. Shell with crowded trans- verse strie, and four rows of tubercles on the body-whirl; aperture yellowish. Buccinum luteostomum. Chemnitz, xi. p. 85. t. 187. f. 1800 and 1801. Inhabits the South Sea, and the coasts of China. Chemnitz. Shell two inches long, and more than half as broad, of an ash- grey colour, and armed with tubercles, of which there are four rows on the body-whirl, and two on the spire. LAMELLOSUM. 59. Shell channelled transversely, and longitudinally ribbed; body-whirl lamel- lated towards the outer lip, and the inside bright blue. Buccinum lamellosum. Gmelin, p. 3498. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 166. Buccinum plicatum. Martyn Univ. Conch. ii. t. 44. Buccinum compositum. Chemnitz, x. p. 179. Vign. 21. f. A and B. Inhabits the coasts of New Zealand. Martyn. BUCCINUM. 613 Shell two inches and a half long, and half as broad, either wholly brown on the outside, or the two or three uppermost ribs of each whirl are greenish brown, and the inside is bright blue ; it is deeply channelled transversely, and the longitudi- nal ribs are remote and narrow. CRISPATUM. 60. Shell ribbed transversely, and lon- gitudinally wrinkled with curled imbricated membranes ; aperture ovate. Buccinum crispatum. Chemnitz, xi. p. 84. t. 187. f. 1802 and 1803. Inhabits King George’s Sound, and the coasts of New Zea- land. Chemnitz. Shell an inch and a half, or two inches long, and about half as broad, of a brown, or brownish or reddish white colour, and the inside is white. Martyn, in his Universal Conchology, has given a good figure of this species, but the plate is with- out a number, so that it is impossible to make a reference, and on the other hand I have never seen a copy of the work, which contains any figure like B. lamellosum, and I have therefore quoted it wholly on the authority of Chemnitz. -- LAPILLUS. 61. Shell ovate, acute, striated, with- out any protuberances ; pillar flattish. Buccinum Lapillus. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1202. Pen- nant Brit. Zool. iv. p. 118. t. 72. f. 89. Martini, iii. p. 429. t. 121. f. 1111 and 1112, and iv. p. 22. t. 192. f. 1124, 1125, 1128, and 1129, and t. 183. f. 1136 and 1137. Born Mus. p. 255. Schroeter Einl.i. p. 337. Gmelin, p. 3484. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 158. Bru- guiere Enc. Meth. p. 256. Donovan,i. t. 11. Monta- gu Test. p. 239. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vill. p. 135. Dorset Cat. p. 44. t. 15. f. 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, and 12. Tritonium Lapillus. Muller Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 244. Purpuro-Buccnum. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 125. t. 7. f. 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, and 12. Laster Anim. Ang. t. 3. f. 5 and 6, and Conch. t. 965. f. 18 and 19. Petiver Gaz. t. 18. f.5. Adanson Senegal, t.7.f. 4. Knorr, vi. t. 29. f. 4. Tnhabits the coasts of Britain. Lister, §c. Sweden. Linnaeus. Iceland. Olaffsen. Denmark. Muller. France. Reauwmur. Surinam, Statius Muller. Azores and Canaries, Adanson. VOL. Il. D 614 BUCCINUM. Shell one or two inches Jong, and about half as broad, more or less striated transversely as well as longitudinally, and usually of an uniform dirty white or yellowish colour, but sometimes banded with brown or yellow ; in some specimens the longi- tudinal striz are membranaceous and wrinkled, and others are almost smooth; aperture oval, and the outer lip slightly toothed within. FILOSUM. 62. Shell ovate, whitish, with red trans- verse strive; spire rather prominent ; aperture oval; outer lip striated with red, and the pil- lar sub-umbilicated. Buccinum filosum. Gmelin, p. 3486. Schreibers Conch. tp. 161. ; Buccmum, No. 23. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 363. Martini, iii. p. 433. t. 121. f. 1113 and 1114. Inhabits Shell an inch long, and near two thirds as broad, of a yellow- ish white colour, with narrow transverse red striz, and ap- pears to be nearly allied to B. Lapidlus. suLcATUM. 63. Shell oblong-ovate, with the whirls contiguous and transversely grooved; outer lip crenulated, and striated within. Buccinum sulcatum. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 255. Variety A. Blackish, with white spots. Buccinum sulcatum. Born Mus. p. 258. t. 10. f. 5 and 6. Gmelin, p. 3491. Buccinum, No. 159. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 597. Lister Conch. t. 976. f. 31. Variety B. White, with square black spots. Buccinum, No. 47. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 369. Lister Conch. t. 980. f. 39. Variety C. Greyish, with longitudinal waved black stripes. Buccinum pyramidalis. Gmelin, p. 3488. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 159. Budetiia, No. 66. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 369. Martini, iv. p. 44. t. 124. f. 1170 and 1171. Inhabits the coasts of Tranquebar. Martinz. Shell about an inch and a quarter long, and half as broad, and Bruguiere says that all the above-mentioned varieties differ only in colour. Messrs. Favanne have referred to Martini’s BUCCINUM. 615 figures for their Grand Point d Hongrie, vol. i. p. 20 and 132, and t. 79. f. G, but it appears to be a different spe- cies (See Trochus Iris). sERTUM. 64. Shell ovate-oblong, with transverse crenulated striz, and the pillar livid. Buccinum sertum. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 262. Buccinum coronatum. Gmelin, p. 3486. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 162. Buccinum, No. 24. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 563. Murex rusticum. Mus. Gevers. p. 320, No. 722. Lister Conch. t. 986. f. 45. Klein Ost. t. 4. f.75. Mar- tint, ii. p. 433. t. 121. f. 1115 and 1116. Inhabits the coasts of Tranquebar. Martini. Shell an inch and a half or two inches long, and rather more than half as broad, reddish, fawn or chestnut-colour, with a band on the body-whirl of paler chestnut, which Bruguiere says appears as if composed of longitudinal spots, and one of Martini’s figures has large irregular dark chestnut spots ; the transverse striz are crossed by longitudinal impressed lines, which render them crenulated. Bruguiere has used the name of coronatum for another species to which it is more applicable. SMARAGDULUS. 65. Shell ovate, acute, and very smooth; outer lip crenated, and_ striated within; pillar slightly plaited. Buccinum Smaragdulus. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1203. Born Mus. p. 256. Gmelin, p. 3484. Buccinum rusticum. Gmelin, p. 3486. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 162. Buccinum Rullus. Mus. Gevers. p. 296, No. 515. Murex sulcatus. Gmelin, p. 3549. / Buccinum, No. 21. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 362. Lister Conch. t. 831. f.55. Gualter, t. 43. f. X. Adan- son, t. 9. f.25. Argenville, t.6.f. P. Seba, iu. t. 54. f.14 to 16. Knorr, i. t. 14.f.5. Martini, i. t. 120. f. 1104 and 1105. Inhabits the coasts of Tranquebar. Martini. Shell an inch and three-quarters long, and rather more than half as broad, thick, somewhat ponderous, covered with a greenish epidermis which generally leaves more or less of a stain, and underneath which it is white marked with crowded transverse brown stripes; aperture beaked, and the pillar D2 616 BUCCINUM. has five or six plaits on its middle, so that the species might without impropriety be considered a Volute, but according to Adanson these plaits occur only on the shells of females. vARIuM. 66. Shell ovate, coarse, with transverse elevated nodulous ribs; aperture ovate, and the pillar not plaited. Buccinum varium. Gmelin, p. 3486. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 163. Buccinum, No. 22. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 362. Knorr, vi. t.23. f. 3. Martini, i. t. 121. f. 1106. Tnhabits Shell an inch and a half long, and one inch broad, of a yel- lowish brown colour with darker bands, and a few distant longitudinal blue streaks on the spire. Martini’s figure is copied from Knorr’s, and it appears to be a very doubtful species. TUBA. 67. Shell sub-fusiform, with the body-whirl nearly smooth, and thrice as long as the spire, which is cancellated. Buceinum Tuba. Gmelin, p. 3484. Schreibers Conch. ML ped 7zil. Bae ania! No.6. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 358. Martini, ii. p. 201. t. 94. f. 908. Inhabits the East Indian Ocean. Martini. Shell three inches and three-quarters long, and near one and a half broad, of a yellowish brown colour ; the body-whirl is full thrice as long as the other five whirls put together, and gradually tapers from near its upper extremity to the canal in which it ends at the base. pyrum. 68. Shell pyriform, with a short spire, and the body-whirl ventricose; pillar smooth, and the aperture orange. Buccinum Pyrum. Gmelin, p. 3484. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 162. Buccinum, No. 7. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 358. Martini, ii. p. 202. t. 94. f. 909 and 910. Inhabits the Red Sea and coast of Coromandel. Martini. Shell an inch and three-quarters long, and about thirteen lines broad, of a pale brownish colour with reddish streaks, and transversely striated at the base ; spire depressed, and com- posed of five whirls. BUCCINUM. 617 PLUMBEUM. 69. Shell sub-globose, ponderous, gla- brous, with a transverse groove near the base of the body-whirl ; pillar lip very thick. Buccinum plumbeum. Chemnitz, xi. p. 86. t. 188. f. 1806 and 1807. Inhabits the coasts of California. Chemnitz. Shell about an inch and a quarter or an inch and a half long, and near four-fifths as broad, of a pale chestnut-colour ; towards the base of the body-whirl there is a deep transverse groove, and another more obsolete lower down, of which the former ends in a projecting tooth on the outer lip; the spire is short and depressed, and the pillar-lip is thickly coated with a vitreous substance. SPADICEUM. 70. Shell pear-shaped, smooth, of a chestnut-colour, with transverse undulated white lines. Buccinum spadiceum. Gmelin, p. 3485. Buccinum Pyrum, Var. Schreibers Conch.i. p. 162. Buccinum, No. 8. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 358. Martini, in. t. 94. f.911. Inhabits the West Indies. Martini. Shell an inch and a half long, and about half as broad; the transverse stripes are described to be white, but in Martini’s figure they appear to be dark brown, and it is altogether an uncertain species. UMBILICATUM. 71. Shell oblong, sub-turbinated, and slightly plaited longitudinally ; spire no- dose ; aperture grooved within, and the pil- lar sub-umbilicated. Buccinum umbilicatum. Gmelin, p. 3485. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 150. Buccinum, No. 10. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 358. Martin, iii. p. 205. t. 94. f.915 and 915 a, and Vign. 32 at p. 198. f. 1. ! {inhabits Shell about two inches and a half long, and one and a half broad, of a pale brownish yellow, transversely striated at the base, and marked with irregular longitudinal wrinkled plaits ; the spire is pyramidal, but not one third so long as the body- whirl, and is nodulous at the sutures, 618 BUCCINUM. CANDIDUM. 72. Shell ovate, ventricose, ponderous, smooth, and white without any markings ; spire short. Buccinum candidum. Gmelin, p. 3485. Buccinum, No. 11. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 359. Martini, i. p. 206. Vign. 31, at p. 191. f. 3. Inhabits Shell about two inches long, and rather more than half as broad, and white without any markings; it appears from Martini’s description to resemble Voluta gravis, but has not any plaits on the pillar. cRASSUM. 73. Shell sub-globose, ventricose, and glabrous ; aperture oval, and the pillar thick- ened, with two callosities at the base. Buccinum crassum. Gmelin, p. 3485. Schreibers Conch. 1 pdb. TREeorntan No. 18. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 361. Martini, ii. p. 424. t. 120. f. 1099 and 1100. Tohabits -— Shell two inches long and one and a half broad, of a brownish white colour, and bears a considerable resemblance to Vo- luta gibbosa, but is without any plait on the pillar; the spire is small, and consists of five whirls. Gmelin, at p. 3487, has another species under the name of B. crassum, which appears at most to be only a Variety of Strombus Veuil- lum. B. Labyrinthus, as well as B. marginatum, which Gmelin has placed after this species, appear to be fossil shells. orBITA. 74. Shell ovate, thick, with transverse, dis- tant, knotty, reflected ribs, and other smaller ones in the interstices ; outer lip plaited. Buccinum Orbita. Chemnitz, x. p. 199. t.154. f.1471 and 1472. Gmelin, p. 3490. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 147. Buccinum bicostatum. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 248. Buccinum succinctum. Martyn Univ. Conch. i. t. 45. Variety. Smaller, and rather more oblong. Buccinum lacunosum. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 258. Buccinum striatum. Martyn Unio, Conch. 1, t. 7. BUCCINUM. 619 Buccinum Orbita lacunosa. Chemnitz, x. p. 200. t. 154. f. 1473. Buccinum, No. 116. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 170. Inhabits the coasts of New Zealand. Martyn. Shell two or three inches long and two thirds as broad, white, and the inside somewhat pearly ; the transverse ribs are striated, knotty, and reflected in the direction of the spire, and their interstices are made uneven by other smaller ones. This is undoubtedly .B. bicostatum of Bruguiere, though his references are all erroneous; and it appears to me that his B. lacunosum is a Variety, or perhaps only a young shell of the same species. scALA. 75. Shell ovate, with dilated recurved transverse white belts, and thei interstices longitudinally striated. Variety A. With four belts. Buccinum Scala. Gmelin, p. 3485. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 150. Buccmum, No. 15. Schroeter Evnl. i. p. 360. t. 2. f. 8. Variety B. With three belts. Buccinum cingulatum. Linneus Mantissa, p. 549 and 550. Gmelin, p. 3506. Buccinum Trochlea. Bruguiere Enc. Method. p. 248. Buccinum, No. 16. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 360. Murex planatus. Mus. Gevers. p. 320, No. 717. Lister Conch. t.1059. f.2. Petiver Gaz. t.101. f. 14. Knorr, iii. t. 7.f.2. D’ Avila, t.8.f.V. Martini, iii. t. 118. f. 1089, a and 0. Variety C. With two belts. Favanne, t. 34. f. E. Inhabits the East Indian Ocean. Martini. Straights of Ma- gellan, and Cape of Good Hope. Bruguiere. Maryland. Lister ? Shell most commonly about three-quarters of an inch long, and rather more than half as broad; there are four whirls, of which the upper parts are flattened like steps, and the lower parts have from two to four elevated broad belts, whose dilated margins are somewhat recurved; the belts are rather glabrous and white, and their interstices brown or grey, and striated longitudinally ; the aperture is toothed on the outer lip, and strongly grooved within. ‘The shell figured by Lister was probably a Fossil, and a fossil speci- men with four belts, also from Maryland, is mentioned in 620 BUCCINUM. the Portland Catalogue, p.137, lot 3516. Chemnitz, in his eleventh volume, p. 91, has described a shell under the name of B. annulatum, which he considers to be nearly allied to this species, but his figure answers badly to the de- scription, and appears to be entirely different. #EEEEE Somewhat polished, and not enumerated in the former Divisions. SPIRATUM. 76. Shell smooth, with the whirls se- parated by a deep canal; pillar abrupt and perforated. Buccinum spiratum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1203. Born Mus. p. 256. Martini, iv. p. 14. t. 122. f. 1118. Schroe- ter Einl. 1. p. 338, and Inn. Bau Conch. p. 37. t. 4. f. 3. Gmelin, p. 3487. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 160. Bru- guiere Enc. Meth. p. 262. Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 370, and Kirch. f. 8362. Lister Conch. t. 983. f.42 c. Rumphius, t. 49. f. D. Petiver Gaz. t. 101. f. 13, and Amb. t. 9. f. 21. Argenville, t. 17. f. N. Seba, ii. t. 73. f. 21, 22, 24, and 25. Knorr, ii, t. 6. f. 5, and in. t. 3. f.4. Regenfuss, i. t.10. f. 41. Favanne, t. 38. f. E 1, Variety, With the spire produced, and the whirls not se- parated by a canal. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 70, Lister Conch. t. 981. f.41. Rumphius, t. 49. f.C. Petiver Amb. t. 9. f. 20. Klein Ost. t. 2. f. 46. Seba, ni. t. 73. f. 23 and 26. Martini, iv. t. 122. f. 1120 and 1121. Favanne, t. 33. f..E 2. Inhabits the East Indies. Petiver. Coasts of Tranquebar. Regenfuss. Mediterranean. Linnaeus? Coasts of China, Martini. Arabia Felix, Humphreys. Shell an inch and a half, or two inches long, and about two thirds as broad, with the whirls more or less sunk into each other, and separated by a deep canal; the colour is white, with brown, yellow, or saffron-coloured spots, of which those on the upper parts of the whirls are largest. A shell dif- fering in no other respect than having the whirls more pro- duced, and only flattened at the suture, is not uncommon, and has been considered to be a Variety of this species by all authors except Martini. BUCCINUM. 621 ZEYLANICUM. 77. Shell smooth, with the whirls produced ; pillar abrupt, and umbilicated ; umbilicus large, and toothed at the margin. Buccinum Zeylanicum. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 264. Buccinum glabratum, Var. Schroeter Hinl. 1. p. 341. Gmelin, p. 3489. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 161. Lister Conch. t. 982. f. 42. Gualter, t. 51. f. B. Klein Ost. t. 2. f.47. Martini, iv. t. 122. f. 1119. Inhabits the coasts of Ceylon. Bruguiere. Shell about two inches long, and rather more than half as broad, white with fawn or chestnut-coloured spots like those of B. sptratum, from the Variety of which species it differs in having the whirls more compleatly drawn out, and the umbilicus larger, with a tinge of violet, and toothed on the margin. It is much more allied to B. spiratum, than to B. glabratum, of which it has been considered a Variety. GLABRATUM. 78. Shell umbilicated, highly po- lished, and the sutures obsolete; body-whirl channelled and produced at the base. Buccinum glabratum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1203. Mar- titi, iv. p. 10,) t1922../4.1117., Born) Mus. p. 257. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 341. Gmelin, p. 3489. Schrei- bers Conch. i. p.161. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 264. Voluta butyracea. Solander’s MSS. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 149. Lister Conch. t. 974. f.29. Gualter, t.43. f. T. Argenville, t. 9. f. G. Knor7v, ii. t. 16. f. 4 and 5. Favanne, t. 31. f. F 1. Inhabits the American Ocean, and coasts of 'Tranquebar. Linneus. Shell two or three inches long, and half as broad, of a pale orange colour mixed with white, and very glossy all over ; the body-whirl has a double belt at the base, and a white . vitreous mass 1s formed over the aperture, in both of which respects, as well as some others, this species bears a consi- derable affinity to the Olives. TURGITUM. 79. Shell ovate, sub-umbilicated, smooth, with transverse rows of red spots, and the outer lip sinuated. Buccinum turgitum. Gmelin, p.3490. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 147. Buccinum maculatum. Martyn Univ. Conch. ii. t. 49. 622 BUCCINUM. Buccinum adspersum. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 265. Chemnitz, x. p. 201. t. 154. f. 1475 and 1476. Inhabits the coasts of New Zealand. Martyn. Shell two inches long, and near an inch and a quarter broad, yellowish, with numerous transverse rows of small red spots, and the inside pale orange ; there are six whirls, of which the three lower are extremely level and smooth, and the other upper ones are slightly plaited longitudinally. SCUTULATUM. 80. Shell ovate, smooth, brown with longitudinal veins; whirls flattish, and the beak obtuse. Buccinum scutulatum. Martyn Univ. Conch. ii. t. 55. Chemnitz, x. p. 179. Vign. 21. f. C and D. Gmelin, p. 3498. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 157. Tnhabits the coasts of New Zealand. Martyn. Shell about two inches and a quarter long, and rather more - than half as broad, brown, with obsolete darker bands, and longitudinal veins, and somewhat spotted with white. TESTUDINEUM. 81. Shell oblong-ovate, smooth, with transverse rows of crowded dark brown spots, and somewhat produced at the base. Buccinum testudineum. Chemnitz, x. p. 187. t. 152. f. 1454. Gmelin, p. 3498. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 151. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 266. Inhabits the coasts of New Zealand. Chemnitz. Shell an inch and a half long, and half as broad, of a bluish white colour, with numerous transverse rows of squarish dark brown spots, which become confluent on the spire ; it is narrower in proportion to its length than B. turgitum, and has the inside of the outer lip spotted with dark brown. CATARRACTA. 82. Shell ovate, rough with crowded minute transverse grooves, and marked lon- gitudinally with undulated decurrent stripes. Buccinum Cataracta. Chemnitz, x. p. 188. t. 152. f. 1455. Gmelin, p. 3498. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 146. Inhabits the coasts of New Zealand. Chemnitz. Cape of Good Hope. Humphreys. Shell an inch and a half long, and nearly half as broad, of a bluish white colour, with the whirls tinged at both ends with pale brown, and marked with longitudimal decurrent undu- lated brown stripes. BUCCINUM. 625 LVISSIMUM. 83. Shell oblong-ovate, polished, obliquely truncated at the base, and the apex obtuse. Buccinum levissimum. Gmelin, p. 3494. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 151. Buccinum flammeum. Brugwiere Enc. Meth. p. 266. Buccinum, No. 66. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 372. Martini, iv. p. 72. t. 127. f. 1215 and 1216. inhabits the East Indian Seas. Martini. Shell about two imches long, and rather more than half as broad, yellowish or whitish, with eight or nme longitudinal stripes of brown on the body-whirl, and a smaller number on the spire; the pillar-lip is concave, and the aperture ob- liquely truncated at the base. Martini’s figure is white with the apex blue, and Bruguiere suspects it was taken from a bleached specimen, which in this species he says are the most commonly met with. Knorr, v. t. 18. f.3, and Mar- tini, iv. t. 125. f. 1193, to which Gmelin has referred for his B. obtusum, may probably have been made from other damaged specimens of this species, but the figures are so bad, and the description is so obscure, that they are hardly worth notice. CYANEUM. 84. Shell ovate-oblong, brittle, bluish, transversely striated, and the whirls tiled at the sutures ; pillar with one plait. Buccinum cyaneum. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 266. Buccinum glaciale novum. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 141. Chemnitz, x. p. 182. t. 152. f. 1448. Inhabits the shores of Greenland. Chemnitz. Shell an inch and three-quarters long, and half as broad, of a pale blue colour slightly mottled with white; there are five whirls, which overlap each other so as to conceal the su- tures, and the whole shell is marked with minute distant strie. LEVE. 895. Shell ovate-oblong, smooth, brown with darker bands, and finely striated trans- versely ; aperture oval, and ending in a canal. Buccinum lave. Gmelin, p. 3488. Buccinum, No. 35. Schroeter Linl. iii. p. 366. H24 BUCCINUM. Martini, iv. p. 36. t. 124. f. 1150. Inhabits the East Indies. Martini. Shell about sixteen lines long and ten broad, of a pale brown colour with darker bands, and minute transverse rather dis- tant striz ; the body-whirl is slightly ventricose, and more than twice as large as the spire, which consists of four or five whirls. IGNEUM. 86. Shell oblong, narrow, glabrous, yel- lowish clouded with red, and the upper whirls longitudinally striated. Buccinum igneum. Gmelin, p. 3494. Schreibers Conch. 1, p. 151. Buccivum, No. 68. Schroeter Einl.i. p. 372. Martini, ww. p. 72. t. 127. f. 1217. Inhabiits Shell an inch and a half long, and about seven lines and a half broad, with seven whirls of a yellowish colour, and marked irregularly with undulated red streaks and spots. ‘ PLUMATUM. 87. Shell oblong, transversely striat- ed; pillar-lip with a tooth at the upper end, and the outer-lip striated. Buccinum plumatum. Gmelin, p. 3494. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 152. Buccinum, No. 69. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 373. Murex accinctus. Born Mus. p. 316. Lister Conch. t. 822 b. f. 41. Knorr, iv. t. 21. f. 6. Mar- tint, iv. t. 127. f. 1218 to 1220. Inhabits the coasts of Jamaica. Lister. Curagoa and Ascen- sion Island. Martinv. Shell an inch anda half or two inches Jong, and less than half as broad, with eight slightly convex whirls, of a purplish or blackish brown or chestnut-colour, with transverse rows of darker spots, and a narrow reticulated white band which ex- tends only to the second whirl. Born’s reference to Martini is erroneous, and this is certainly his Murex accinctus. OCELLATUM. 88. Shell smooth, black, with rows of white spots and dots; body-whirl ventri- cose, and the spire rather prominent and no- dulous. BUCCINUM. 625 Buccinum ocellatum. Gmelin, p. 3488. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 145. BAe tain No. 41. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 367. Martini, iv. p. 39. t. 124. f. 1160 and 1161. Inhabits the East Indian Seas. Martini. Shell about an inch long, and two thirds as broad, black with transverse rows of white spots, of which those on the upper part of the body-whirl are broadest ; the inside is blue. GLABERRIMUM. 89. Sheil very smooth, minute, with the base truncated. Buccinum glaberrina. Gmelin, p. 3488. Variety A. White, with a brown line at the sutures. Buccinum, No. 49. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 369. Martini, iv. t. 125. f. 1177. Variety B. Uniform reddish brown, Martini, iv. t. 125. f. 1180. Variety C. Reddish brown, with a tessellated band at the two lower sutures. Buccmum, No. 50. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 369. Martini, iv. t. 125. f. 1178. Variety D. Reddish brown, with transverse dotted lines. Buccinum, No. 51. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 369. Martini, w. t. 125. f. 1179. Variety E. Reddish brown, with longitudinal dark undulated stripes. Buccinum, No. 52. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 369. Martini, iv. t. 125. f. 1181. Variety F. Reddish brown, with transverse rows of spots and dots. Buccinum, No. 53. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 369. Martini, iv. t. 125. f. 1182. Inhabits Shell from five to seven lines long, and half as broad, white or reddish brown, and variously marked with a darker co- lour. NucLEUS. 90. Shell oblong-ovate, minute, trans- versely striated; pillar obliquely grooved, and the aperture truncated at the base. Buccinum Nucleus. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 254. Buccinum strigosum. Gmelin, p. 3488.? Buccinum, No. 86. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 376, and No. 54. p. 369. ? 626 BUCCINUM. Lister Conch. t. 976. f. 32. Martini, iv. t. 125. f. 1183.? Inhabits the coasts of New Zealand and Madagascar. Bru- guiere. Shell sometimes seven lines long, and four broad, but is usual- ly smaller, and Bruguiere says it varies in colour from brown to black, with the inside paler, or sometimes white. Gme- lin, who at p. 3476 and 3494 has two other species under the name of B. strigosum, in the present instance has refer- red to some figures of Martini’s as varieties, which are obvi- ously different, and his description is so extremely loose as to be undeserving of notice. LINEATUM. 91. Shell oblong, minute, and trans- versely striped; spire acute, and pyramidal ; outer lip expanded. Buccinum lineatum. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 130. t. 8. f.5. Donovan Brit. Shells, i. t. 15. Montagu Test. p- 245. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 136. Dorset Cat.p. 45. t. 14. f. 5. Martini, iv. t. 125. f.1188 and 1189. ? Inhabits the coasts of Cornwall, and the West Indies. Da Cos- ta. Dorsetshire. Pulteney. Brittany. Bruguiere. Shell a quarter of an inch long, and half as broad, smooth, sometimes white with only a few scattered transverse nar- row brown or yellow bands, and not unfrequently regularly banded with equally broad alternate white and dark brown lines; aperture oval, and the outer lip considerably expand- ed. B. lineatum of Gmelin is a very indistinct species taken from Knorr, iii. t. 14. f.4, and the same figure is quoted by Favanne (Vol. ii. p. 136), for a Trochus, which may proba- bly be a variety of T’. zic-zac. EXILE. 92. Shell oblong, minute, and cancellat- ed; aperture expanded, spotted, and crenat- ed. Buccinum exile. Gmelin, p. 3497. Buccinum, No. 58. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 370. Martini, iv. t. 125. f. 1190 and 1191. Inhabits This shell appears, from Martini’s figures, to be rather larger than B. lineatum, and of a brownish red colour with black- ish cancellated lines. Martini has figured several small shells which he has confounded together in one description, and BUCCINUM. 627 Gmelin has constituted his B. nanum (p. 3497), from one of these figures, with the appearance of which his specific character is notwithstanding at variance. PREROSUM. 93. Shell ovate, smooth, black, with the spire carious, and the pillar glabrous. Buccinum prerosum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1203. Chem- nitz, ix. part 2. p. 40, t. 121. f. 1035 and 1036. Gme- lin, p. 3489. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 161. Bulimus prerosus. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 361. Inhabits Southern Europe. In the aqueduct at Seville. Lin- naus. The shell figured by Chemmitz is about seven lines long, and four or five broad, and the spire terminates abruptly, and appears as if bitten off. It may perhaps be doubted whether the Linnean B. prerosum was more than a damaged shell of Helix palustris, which Montagu says is sometimes almost black, and not uncommonly worn or decorticated about the apex. cocHLipIuM. 94. Shell oblong, smooth, with the whirls flattened at the sutures ; aperture oval and effuse. Buccinum Cochlidium. Chemnitz, xi. p. 275. t. 209. f. 2053 and 2054. Inhabits the Islands in the South Sea, and is a land shell. Chemnitz. Shell about three inches long, and half as broad, white, with- out any markings. AUSTRALE. 95. Shell oblong, smooth, with nar- row transverse variegated bands and veins ; aperture oval, and entire. Buccinum australe. Gmelin, p. 3490. Buccinum Tritonis fluviatile. Chemnitz, ix. part 2. p. 38. t. 120. f. 1033 and 1034. Helix solida. Born Mus. p. 393. t. 13. f. 18 and 19. Gmelin, p. 3651. Helix, No. 197. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 231. Trochus Phasianella. Brookes’s Introd. p. 163. t. 7. f. 96. Le Faisan. Favanne Cat. Rais. p. 11. t. 1. f. 46. [nhabits fresh-water streams in New Zealand. Chemnitz. This beautiful shell, generally known by the name of the 628 BUCCINUM. Pheasant, is about two or three inches long, and half as broad ; it is white, variously ornamented with narrow bands, composed of red lines and crescent-shaped spots, and other intermediate spots and lines of a pale olive or fawn-colour. Gmelin says it is an intermediate species between Bucci- num, Bulla, and Helix; and some of the Genus Bulimus, to which it probably belongs, have been placed in all these genera. *AXEX* Angulated, and not included in the former , Divisions. unposuM. 96. Shell ovate, with transverse, ele- vated, glabrous strie, and the body-whirl obtusely five-angled. Buccinum undosum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1203. Mar- tini, iv. p. 24, f. 122. f. 1126 and 1127. Born Mus. p. 258. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 342. Gmelin, p. 3490. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 163. Lister Conch. t.938. f. 53. Rumphius, t.29. f.O. Pe- tiver Amb. t.13.f.4. Argenville, t.9.f. N. Seba, ii. t. 52. f. 26. Inhabits the coasts of Amboyna. Rumphius. Island of Ban- da. Seba. Shell nearly two inches long, and rather more than half as broad, white or yellowish, with elevated transverse brown striz ; the body-whirl has five or six angles, and the pillar is slightly plaited at the base. AFFINE. 97. Shell ovate, with transverse, elevat- ed, glabrous striz, and the body-whirl round- ed; outer-lip swollen, and the pillar toothed. Buccinum affine. Gmelin, p. 3490. Buccinum constrictum. Solander’s MSS. Buccinum, No.29. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 364. Knorr, ii. t. 14. f. 4 and 5. Martini, iv. p. 32. t. 123. f. 1135. Inhabits the Straights of Malacca. Martini. South Seas. So- lander. Coasts of Madagascar. Humphreys. This shell resembles the last in size and colour, but the body- whirl is not angulated, the outer lip is much swollen, and the pillar distinctly toothed. BUCCINUM. 629 rumMosuM. 98. Shell nearly oval, plaited longitu- dinally, and transversely ribbed, with the in- terstices striated ; aperture effuse. Buccinum fumosum. Solander’s MSS. Buccinum strigosum. Gmelin, p. 3494.? Martini, iv. t. 123, upper figures 1145 and 1146, and Vign. 38, at p. 49.? Inhabits - This shell is nearly allied to B. undosum, but differs in having the longitudinal angles or plaits smaller and more numerous, the aperture more effuse, and the interstices of the ribs stri- ated. Of Martini’s Vignette above referred to I cannot find that he has given any description, and it is probably at most only a variety of this species. INDICUM. 99. Shell ovate, reticulated with trans- verse ribs and elevated longitudinal strie; aperture effuse. Buccinum Indicum. Gmelin, p. 3495. Buccinum, No. 30. Schroeter Einl. i, p. 364. Martini, iv. p. 32. t. 123. f. 1138 and 1139. Tnhabits the East Indies. Martini. Shell an inch and a quarter long, and two thirds as broad, brown, with the inside white. TRANQUEBARICUM. 100. Shell ovate, twelve-an- gled, and transversely striated; aperture toothed ; with the outer lip orange, and the pillar perforated. Buccinum Tranquebaricum. Gmelin, p. 3491. Buccinum, No. 34. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 365. Martini, iv. p. 35. t. 123. lower fig. 1146 to 1149. Inhabits the coasts of Coromandel. Martini. Shell from one to two inches long, and half as broad, of a pale brown colour, with darker stripes; the angles are somewhat nodulous, and their summits are yellow or orange, especial- ly at the margin of the outer lip, which is slightly swollen. VERSICOLOR. 101. Shell coarse, transversely stri- ated, with two intermediate rows of black dots ; spire with four concave whirls. VOL. ll. E 030 BUCCINUM. Buccinum versicolor. Gmelin, p. 3491. Buccinum, No. 33. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 365. Martini, iv. p. 34. t. 123, lower fig. 1145. Inhabits the East Indian Seas. Martini. Shell about an inch and three quarters long, and rather more than two-thirds as broad, of a dirty brown colour with three transverse rows of irregular large darker spots on the body- whirl, besides the markings which are above described. CRUENTATUM. 102. Shell ovate, white, minutely striated transversely, and marked with squar- ish red spots ; whirls convex. Buccinum cruentatum. Gmelin, p. 3491.- Buccinum, No. 32. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 365. Martini, iv. p. 34, t. 123. f. 1143 and 1144. Inhabits Shell an inch and a half long, and one inch broad, white with rather large scattered squarish red spots; the upper parts of the whirls are somewhat flattened, which gives an angular projection to the outer lip. BEZOAR. 103. Shell roundish, wrinkled, with the whirls lamellated above; pillar perforated. Buccinum Bezoar. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1204. Schroe- ter Hinl. 1. p. 343. Gmelin, p. 3491. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 163. Buccinum luxurians. Solander’s MSS. Portland Cat. p- 1438. lot 3168. Muriciformis trifoliatum. Mus. Gevers. p. 316. No. 683. Murex rapiformis, Var. 6. Born Mus. p. 307. Argenville, t.15.f.G. D’ Avila, t. 11. f. KE. Martini, il, t. 68. f. 754 and 755. Inhabits the coasts of China. D’ Avila. Limeus has described this species to. be “ as large as an apple, coarse, with decussated wrinkles or striz, and the base per- forated; body-whirl on the upper part imbricated with pro- minent, undulated, numerous membranes; spire angular with straight sides, and the upper part flattish, and plaited or toothed above.” He adds that it is very nearly allied to the Murices. Born for this species has referred to Martini, f. 398 and 399, which is B, calcaratum, and has quoted f. 755 as a variety of his Murex rapiformis. BUCCINUM. 631 BULBOSUM. 104. Shell roundish, obliquely contract- ed at the base, with two transverse rows of vaulted spines; whirls channelled at the su- tures; aperture and umbilicus very wide. Buccinum bulbosum. Solander’s MSS. Buccinum Bezoar, Var. @. Kemmerer Cub. Rudolstadt. Murex rapiformis. Born Mus. p. 307. Murex Rapa. Gmelin, p. 3545. Murex, No. 8. Schroeter Einl.1. p. 545. Muriciformis Radix. Mus. Gevers. p. 316. No. 378. Lister Conch. t. 894. f. 14. Knorr, v. t.21.f.2. Mar- tins, is t..68.£.,750,to.753. Inhabits the coasts of Tranquebar. Martini. Shell three or four inches long, and about three-fourths as broad, of a pale yellowish brown colour, and armed on the body-whirl with two transverse rows of vaulted spines, of which the upper is largest, and is extended throughout the spire. Several other of Gmelin’s Murices have an equal claim to be removed to this Genus, and it is only because some authors have considered it to be a variety that I have placed this species next to Buccinum Bezoar. GLACIALE. 105. Shell ovate-oblong, smooth, and somewhat striated ; the body-whirl slightly keeled. Buccinum glaciale. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1204. Chem- nilz, xX. p. 180. t. 152. f. 1446 and 1447. Gmelin, p. 3491. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 259. Donovan, v. t. 154. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans, vii. p. 136. Montagu Supp. p. 109. Tritomium glaciale. Muller Zool. Dan. Prod. 2942. Fa- bricius Fauna Groenl. p. 397. Inhabits the Northern Ocean. Coasts of Spitzbergen. Lin- neus. Denmark. Muller. Greenland. Fabricius. Ork- ney Islands. Donovan. Shell two or three inches long, and about half as broad, pale brown, transversely striated, and the upper part of the whirls longitudinally plaited ; there are about nine volutions, and the carinated ridge is said by Muller, Fabricius, and Chemnitz, as well as Linneus, to be confined to the body-whirl, in which respect it differs from B. carinatum. Ls) E 632 BUCCINUM. CARINATUM. 106. Shell oblong-conical, transversely striated ; upper whirls with many oblique and obtuse angles, and the lower whirls with a single keel. Buccinum carinatum. Phipps’s Voyage to the North Pole, p- 197.t. 13. f.2. Gmelin, p. 3493. Inhabits the Arctic Ocean at Spitzbergen. Phipps. Shell about two inches and a half long, and is probably the shell mentioned as a variety, in the description of B. glaci- ale, by Mr. Donovan, who says that the carinated ridge of that species is not always confined to the body-whirl, as de- scribed by Linneus, for that in a specimen in Lord Tanker- ville’s Cabinet it traverses the spire nearly to the apex. LAMELLATUM. 107. Shell oblong, lamellated lon- gitudinally, white with a purple inside, and the pillar-lip white. Buccinum lamellatum. Gmelin, p. 5498. Buccinum, No. 43. Kemmerer Cab. Rudolst. p. 134. t. Or. '2. Inhabits _ Shell about an inch and a half long, and appears to be a badly constituted and rather uncertain species. UNDATUM. 108. Shell oblong, coarse, with trans- verse strie, and curved longitudinal plaits. Buccinum undatum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1204. Pen- nant Zool. iv. p. 121. t. 73. f. 90. Martini, iv. p. 66. t. 126. f. 1206to 1211. Born Mus. p.259. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 344. Gmelin, p. 3492. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 258. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 164. Montagu Test. p. 237. Donovan, iii. t. 104. Maton and Rack- et, in Lin. Trans. viii. p. 137. Dorset Cat. p, 45. t. 47. f.6. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 77. Buccinum vulgare. Da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 122. t. 6. f. 6. Tritonium undatum. Muller Zool. Dan. ii. p. 12. t. 50. Fabricius Fauna Groenl. p. 394. Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 189, and Kirch. f. 191. Lister Conch. t. 962. f. 14, and Anim. Ang. t. 5. f. 2. Seba, iu. t. 39. f.61, and 76 to 80. Knorr, iv. t. 19. f.1. Favanne, Gio2. 1. BD. BUCCINUM. 633 Junior. Tritonium viridulum. Fabricius Fauna Groenl. p. 402. Buccinum viridulam. Gmelin, p. 3493. Variety B. With the longitudinal plaits obsolete. Buccinum striatum. Pennant Zool. iv. p. 121. t. 74. £91. Laster Conch. t. 962. f. 15, and Anim. Ang. t. 3. f. 3. Variety C. With the whirls reversed, Buccinum Bornianum. Chemnitz, ix. t. 105. f. 892 and 893. Born Mus. t. 9, f. 14 and 15. - Inhabits the sea on the Northern coasts of Europe, Britaia. Lister. Sweden. Linnaeus. Belgium. Seba. Denmark. Muller. Greenland. Fabricius. Iceland. Olaffsen. Shell from two to five inches long, and more than half as broad, with seven or eight ventricose whirls, transversely striated, and longitudinally ribbed or plaited with rounded, curved, oblique ribs; the colour is dirty white, or pale, dark, or yellowish brown, and Seba has figured a blue variety, which he says is found in the Zuyder Zee, but is very rare. It ap- pears to me very doubtful whether Tritonium ciliatum of Fabricius is more than an old shell of this species, and ma- ny of the young shells on our shores answer to the descrip- tion of his Tritonium viridulum. CILIATUM. 109. Shell turreted, patulous, some- what beaked, angulated, longitudinally cili- ated, and the pillar slightly plaited. Buccinum ciliatum. Gmelin, p. 3492. Tritonium ciliatam. Fabricius Fauna Groenl. p. 401. inhabits the coasts of Greenland. Fabricius. Fabricius says this shell is nearly allied to the foregoing, and is six inches long, whitish, with the inside glabrous, and coat- ed externaily with a ciliated plaited epidermis ; it has but five whirls, which are less convex than in B. undatum, and strongly striated transversely, except at the summit of the spire, which is glabrous; aperture large, and the pillar with one plait. soLuTUM. 110. Shell ovate, with unequally dis- tant longitudinal tubercles on the body-whir! ; outer lip channelled, and somewhat detached. Buccinum solutum. Hermann Naturf. p. 52. t. 2. f, 3 and 4. Gmelin, p. 3493. 634 BUCCINUM. Buccinum undatum, Var. C. Schreibers Conch, i. p. 164. Tnhabits This shell is said to be allied to B. undatum, but is described with six unequal ribs, and the first and second whirl five times as broad as the others; spire obtuse, and the colour whitish mixed with yellow; it is a doubtful species, and has been quoted by Schreibers for a variety of Bb. undatum. PAPYRACEUM. I11. Shell ovate-obiong, slender, obsoletely striated transversely, andthe whirls depressed at their summits. Variety A. Dirty white, with transverse brown stripes in pairs at the base. Buccinum papyraceum. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 260. Variety B. Yellowish, transversely striped with brown through- out. Buccinum Auglicum. Gmelin, p. 3494. Buccinum, No. 63. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 371. Lister Conch. t. 963. f.17. Martini, iv. p. 70. t. 126. f. 1212. Ivhabits This shell is described by Bruguiere to be twenty-two lines long, and ten and a half broad, and that figured by Martini, which seems to differ only in colour, is rather larger; the surface is rather glossy and marked with slightly elevated stria, particularly on the upper, and on the base of the lower whirls. The name of B. Anglicum, which has been given to the shell figured by Martini, is improper, as it is not a native of these shores. OTAHEITENSE. 112. Shell oblong, transversely grooved, with the grooves wrinkled and dot- ted, and the sutures finely crenulated. Buccinum Otaheitense. Chemnitz, x. p. 202. t. 154. f. 1477. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 170. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 257. Buccinum Tahitense. Gmelin, p. 3498. Inhabits the coasts of Otaheite. Chemnitz. Shell an inch and a half or two inches long, and nearly half as broad, of a bluish grey, with the ribs on the lower whirls tinged with chestnut-colour, and the pillar-lip white and shining ; aperture ovate, and the outer lip somewhat plaited. BUCCINUM. 635 PORCATUM. 113. Shell ovate-oblong, sub-ventri- cose, thick, transversely ribbed, and the in- terstices striated ; pillar convex. Buccinum porcatum. Gmelin, p. 3494. Buccinum Mexicanum. bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 260. Buccinum, No. 64. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 372. Martini, iv. p. 71. t. 126. f. 1213 and 1214, Variety. With the transverse ribs obsolete. Lister Conch. t. 963. f. 16.2 Inhabits the coasts of Mexico. Bruguiere. Shell about two inches and a half Jong, and half as broad, ge- nerally brown, but sometimes of a bluish colour, and the inner margin of the lips nearly white; there are five whirls, and the summit is rather obtuse. LYRATUM. 114. Shell fusiform, longitudinally rib- bed, and the ribs transversely striated ; apex blackish. Buccinum lyratum. Gmelin, p. 3494. Buccinum, No. 70. Schroeter Einl. i. p. $73. Martini, iv. p. 74. t. 127. f. 1221 and 1222. Inhabits Shell an inch and a half long, and one third as broad, with about six whirls, of which the three lower are of a pale red- dish brown, and the others nearly black. PYROZONIAS. 115. Shell with transverse plaits, and undulated striz, and the base and spire a little prominent; body-whirl with a double, and the other whirls with a single fulvous band. Buccinum pyrozonias. Gmelin, p. 3488. Buccinum, No. 12. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 359. Martini, ii. t. 109. f. 1017. Inhabits Martini’s figure is about thirteen lines long and nine broad, but I cannot find that he has any where described it, and the foregoing specific character of Gmelin’s appears to have been taken in a very loose way from the figure only. TEXTUM. 116. Shell turreted, longitudinally ribbed, and transversely striated ; whirls flattish at the top. 636 BUCCINUM. Buccinum textum. Gmelin, p. 3493. Buccinum, No. 61. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 371. Martini, iv. p. 62. t. 125. f. 1201 and 1202. Inhabits This shell has been very imperfectly described, but appears from Martinis figure to be about an inch long, aud two thirds as broad, and of a brownish white colour. Gmelin says the whirls are distant, and the figure represents the up- be port to be flattened, and somewhat concave in the body- whirl, CLATHRATUM. 117. Shell ovate, ventricose, longi- tudinally ribbed, decussated with transverse undulated striae, and channelled at the su- tures. Buccimum clathratum. Born Mus. p. 261. t. 9. f.17 and 18. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 397. Gmelin, p. 3471 and 3495. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 166. Bruguere Enc, Meth. p. 275. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f.62. Petiver Gaz. t. 56. £5. Inhabits the East Indies. Petiver. Shell about fifteen lines long, and eleven broad, with seven whirls, of a bluish or greenish white colour, and the body- whirl much more ventricose than the others; the outer lip is crenated and the inside grooved. NIVEUM. 118. Shell sub-oval, with elevated can- cellated striz, and the body-whirl ventricose, and produced at the base. Buccinum niveum. Gmelin, p. 3495. Buccinum, No. 26. Schroeter [inl. 1. p. 363. Martini, iv. p. 21. t. 122. f. 1122 and 1123. Inhabits the coasts of Tranquebar. Martinz. This shell appears, from Martini’s figure and description, to be very nearly allied to B.clathratum, but the transverse striz are not undulated, and the base is produced into a longer beak. Gmelin at p. 3471 and 3504, has two other species under the name of B. niveum. Lima. 119. Shell oval, ventricose, acuminated, and cancellated with longitudinal ribs and transverse elevated strie ; aperture roundish and effuse. BUCCINUM. 637 Buccinum Lima. Chemnitz, xi. p. 87. t. 188. f. 1808 and 1809. Inhabits the East Indian Seas. Chemnitz. Shell about seventeen lines long and ten broad, white, with two pale tawny bands, and composed of eight whirls ; ; it 1s nar- rower in proportion to its length than B. clathratum, nor are the transverse striz undulated, and the beak at the base is much shorter than in B. niveum ; it however appears to be very nearly allied to both these species, and Chemnitz says of this, what Bruguiere relates of the former, that it is found in a fossil state at Courtagnon in France. RETICULATUM. 120. Shell ovate-oblong, trans- versely striated, and longitudinally ribbed ; aperture toothed, Buccinum reticulatum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1204. Pen- nant Zool. iv. p. 122. t. 72. £92. Da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 131. t. 7. f.10. Born Mus. p. 260. t. 9. f. 16. Schroeter Eanl. i. p. 346. t. 2. f. 5. Gmelin, p. 3495. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 164. Bruguitere Enc. Meth. p. 273. Donovan, ii. t. 76. Montagu Test. p. 240. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vin. p. 137. Dorset Cat. p. 45. t. 15. f. 10. Buccinum vulgatum. Gmelin, p. 3496. Schreibers Conch. Lip. 199: Buccinum Nassula. Ulysses’s Travels, p. 458. Buccinum, No. 42. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 367. Lister Conch. t. 966. f. 21. Petiver Gaz. t. 75. f. 4, Gualter, t. 44. f.C. Seba, ii. t. 49. f. 62 and 67. Adanson Senegal, t. 8.f.9. Martini, iv. t. 124. f. 1162 to 1164. Variety. With a yellowish band in the middle of the body- whirl. Buccinum Tenia. Gmelin, p. 3490. Buccinum, No.152. Schroeter Kinleitung, i. p. 395. Knorr, v. t. 10. f. 3. Inhabits the Mediterranean. Linneus. Coasts of Britain. taster, &e. Islands of Teneriffe, and the Azores. Adan- son. Coasts of France. Reaumur. Shell an inch or an inch and a half long, and half as_ broad, with seven or eight whirls, longitudinally ribbed, and the transverse strize rising into tubercles on the ribs; colour brown of various shades, and becoming white by exposure on the shore. Buccinum Tenia is taken wholly from Knorr, v. t. 10. f. 3, and Gmelin has also cited the same figure for 638 BUCCINUM. the present species, of which it appears to be only a slight Variety. AMBIGUUM. 121. Shell sub-pyramidal, with distant longitudinal ribs, and striated transversely ; outer lip slightly denticulated. Buccinum ambiguum. Pulteney’s Dorset Cat. p. 42. Montagu Test. p. 242. t.9.f.7. Maton and Racket, an Lin. Trans. viii. p.138.t. 4. f. 5. Dorset Cat. p. 45. t. 18. f. 19. Buccinum Pullus. Pennant Brit. Zool. iv. p. 118. t. 72. f. 88. Buccinum vulgatum, Var. Gmelin, p. 3496. Buccinum, No. 43. Schroeter Hinl. i, p. 368. Gualter, t. 44. f. V. Marti, iv. p. 42. t. 124. f. 1165 and 1166.? Inhabits the coasts of Britain. Pulteney, &c. Shell rather more than half an inch long, and three-eighths as broad, with six whirls, and differs from B. reticulatum, not only in being much broader in proportion to its length, but also in having the ribs more distant, and the aperture rounder. MACULA. 122. Shell ovate, longitudinally ribbed and striated transversely; outer lip gibbous. Buccinum Macula. Montagu Test. p. 241. t. 8. f. 4. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 138. t. 4. f. 4. Dorset Cat. p. 45. t. 15. f. 8. Buccinum minutum. Pennant Zool. iv. p. 122. t. 79. Tritonium incrassatum. Muller in Acta Nidros. iv. p. 96. t. 16. £.'25. Murex incrassatus. Gmelin, p. 3547. . Inhabits the coasts of Norway. Muller. Britain. Pen- nant, &c. Shell about half an inch long, and half as broad, and resembles the young of B. reticulatum, but may be at once distin- guished by its gibbous outer lip, and by a small dark pur- plish spot at the outer edge of the canal. STOLATUM. 123. Shell oblong-ovate, with one side of the body-whirl nearly smooth, and the rest plaited longitudinally and obsoletely striated transversely ; aperture roundish. BUCCINUM. 639 Buccinum stolatum. Gmelin, p. 3496. Schreibers Conch. 1, p. 159. Buccinum Miga. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 274.? Buccinum, No. 44. Schroeter Kinleitung, 1. p. 368. Martini, iv. p. 43. t. 124. f. 1167 to 1169. Inhabits the coasts of Tranquebar. Martini. Shell three-quarters of an inch or an inch long, and more than half as broad, with about seven whirls, of a brown or red- dish colour with white bands, or white with brown or red- dish bands; aperture toothed on both sides, and there is a solitary tubercle near the upper angle of the inner lip ; the longitudinal plaits are distant, and excepting a broad rib by the edge of the outer lip, the half of the body-whirl on that side is nearly smooth, which circumstance is not noticed in the description of B. Miga, though Bruguiere has referred to Martini’s figures of this species. A sheil allied to B. stolatum is figured in a Vignette in Clarke’s Travels, and is mentioned at page 276 of the second volume under the name of B. Galileum. cinctuM. 124. Shell conical, closely ribbed lon- gitudinally, and the interstices obsoletely stri- ated transversely ; apex acute; aperture oval. Buccinum cinctum. Montagu Test. p. 246. t.15. f. 1. Maton and Racket, in Lin Trans. vin. p. 139. Dorset Cat. p. 45. t.14. f. 17. Inhabits the Sea near Weymouth. Mr. Bryer. Shell a quarter of an inch long, and hardly half as broad, with six or seven whirls, white, and marked round the middle of each whirl with a transverse narrow band of rufous brown. MINIMUM. 125. Shell acuminated, minute, and re- ticulated with longitudinal elevated ribs and transverse striz ; aperture oval. Buccinum minimum. Montagu Test. p. 247. t.8. f. 2. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. viii. p. 139. ‘i al brunneum. Donovan British Shells, v. t. 179. Qi. Inhabits the coasts of Devonshire. Montagu. Cornwall. Donovan. Langland Bay near Swansea. Shell about one fifth of an inch long, and not half so broad, of a pale or dark chestnut-colour, without any spots or markings, 640 BUCCINUM. PLICATULUM. 126. Sheil oblong, longitudinally plaited and transversely striated, brownish white with darker brown bands, and the in- side violet. Buccinum plicatulum. Gmelin, p. 3496. Schreibers Conch. ip oe Buccinum, No. 39. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 367. Gualter, t.44. f. E. Martini, iv. t. 124. f.1158 and 1159. Favanne, t. 33. f. V 2. Inhabits the East Indies. Martini. Shell an inch long, and rather more than half as broad, and somewhat turreted, with the whirls rather flattish on the up- per part. PISCATORIUM. 127. Shell cancellated, and nodul- ous at the intersections on the lower whirls ; pillar with one plait, and umbilicated; aper- ture effuse. Buccinum Piscatorium. Gmelin, p. 3496. Buccinum, No. 36. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 365. Voiuta echinata. Solander’s MSS. Martini, iv. p. 37. t. 124. f.1151 and 1152. Inhabits the East Indies. Martini. Shell rather more than an inch long, and about two thirds as broad, of a pale brown colour; it appears from the descrip- tion to possess considerable affinity with Murex literatus of Born, and both the species have a strong claim to be placed among the Volutes. Gmelin’s Bb. alatum is probably a Variety, or is otherwise undeserving of notice. MAURITII. 128. Shell ovate, with longitudinal ribs which form on the body-whirl four trans- verse rows of tubercles; outer lip six- toothed. Buccmum Sti. Mauritii. Gmelin, p. 3496. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 165. Buccinum, No. 37. Schroeter Einl.i. p. 365. Martini, iv. p. 37. t. 124. f. 1153 and 1154. Inhabits the Island of St. Maurice. Martin. - Shell about half an inch Jong, and half as broad, white, with dark brown tubercles, and the inside yellowish. BUCCINUM. 641 ARMILLATUM. 129. Shell ovate, with each whirl crowned by a row of tubercles; aperture large and toothless. Buccinum armillatum. Gmelin, p. 3496. Buccinum, No. 38. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 366. Murex rugosus. Born Mus. p. 305. t. 11. f. 6 and 7. Martini, iv. p. 38. t. 124. f. 1155 to 1157. Inhabits Shell rather more than an inch and a half long, and halfas broad, white, with reddish brown tubercles; pillar with a large umbilicus ; aperture oval, and ending in a short beak. NITIDULUM. 130. Shell ovate-oblong, polished, transversely striated and marked with arti- culated bands ; outer lip toothed within. Buccinum nitidulum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1205. Bru- guiere Enc. Meth. p. 281. Gualter, t. 52. f. C. Adanson Senegal, p. 135. t. 9. f.27. Junior. Buccinum levigatum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1205. Schroeter Einl. i. p.348. Gmelin, p. 3497. Inhabits the Mediterranean. Linnaeus. Coasts of Goree. Adanson. Limeus says B. nitidulum ‘ varies in colour and bands, is often marked with a black belt, and that the pillar-lip is not replicated.’ The shell which Martini, Schroeter, and Gme- lin have considered to be this species, neither answers to the description or reference, and is much more like the Lin- nan B. mutabile. Bruguiere says it is eleven lines long, and half as broad, generally brown, with white spots on the spire, and eight or ten dark brown bands, which are spotted with white on the body-whirl, but that the colour is some- times greenish or livid, with white bands spotted with brown; he remarks that the longitudinal wrinkled striz which Lin- nzus has mentioned are only markings occasioned by the growth of the shell, and describes it to be minutely striated transversely. Linnzeus says his B. levigatum differs from B. nitidulum in wanting a lip on the pillar, and teeth at the aperture, and Bruguiere has ascertained that it is only the same species, in an early stage of its growth. VENTRICOSUM. 131. Shell ovate-oblong, brown Striated with white, and somewhat plaited. Buccinum ventricosum., Gmelin, p. 3498. 642 BUCCINUM. Martyn Unio. Conch. ii. t. 47. Inhabits St. George’s Bay. Martyn. Having been unable to find any copy of Martyn’s work which contains this species, [ cannot make any addition to this short description of Gmelin’s. EEE Turreted, subulate, and slightly polished. MACULATUM. 132. Shell turreted, sub-fusiform, with smooth undivided very entire whirls. Buccinum maculatum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1205. Mar- tini, iv. p. 284, t. 153. f. 1440. Born Mus. p. 261. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 348. Gmelin, p. 3499. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 167. : Terebra maculata. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 78. Bonanni Rec. 3. f. 317, and Karch. f. 313. Laster Conch. t. 846. f. 74. Rumphius, t. 30. f. A. Petiver Amb. t. 5.f.4, Gualter, t. 56. f.I. Argenville, t. 11. f. A. Adanson Senegal, t. 4. f. 5. Seba, i. t. 56. £.6. Knorr, iil. t. 23. f. 2, and vi. t. 19. f. 6. Favanne, t. 39. f. A. Variety. With the rows of spots nearly equally large. Buccinum subulatum. Martini, iv. p. 288. t. 153. f. 1441. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 349. Gmelin, p. 3499. Schrei- bers Conch. i. p. 167. Inhabits the coasts of Asia and Africa. Linnaeus. Amboyna. ~ Rumphius. East Indies. Seba. Senegal. Adanson. Ma- dagascar. Humphreys. Shell from three to nine inches long, and about one fourth as broad, rather ponderous, with about fourteen whirls, of which the upper are divided more distinctly, by a transverse spiral line in the middle, than the lower ones; the colour varies from dirty white to a pale bluish brown somewhat mottled with white, and there are generally two rows of dark spots on each whirl, of which the upper row is generally much larger than the lower. The shell which Martini has figured for the Linnean B. subulatum appears to be only a variety of this species, and differs principally in having the rows of spots nearly equally large. OCULATUM. 133. Shell turreted, sub-fusiform, with the upper half of the whirls convex and ocel- lated. Buccinum maculatum, Var. Schroeter Evnl. i. p. 349; t. 2. BUCCINUM. 648 f.6. Gmelin,.p. 3499. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 167. Rumplhius, t. 30. f. D. Petiver Amb. t. 2. f. 4. Seba, iit. p. 56.f. 11. Martini, iv. t. 153. f. 1442. Favanne, t. 40. f. Z. Inhabits the East Indian Seas. Martini. Shell from three to six inches long, and about one-fifth as broad, of a pale chestnut-colour, with a row of large white spots on the tumid upper part of the whirls; the whirls are more numerous than in B. maculatum, and it is a perfectly distinct species. It is well figured in Martyn’s Univ. Concho- logy, but I cannot ascertain the number of the plate. SUBULATUM. 134. Shell turreted, subulate, smooth, with undivided very entire whirls. Buccinum subulatum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1205. Born Mus. p. 262. t. 10. f.9. Shaw Nat. Misc. xix. t. 799. Buccinum subulatum, Var. Gmelin, p. 3499. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 167. Buccinum dimidiatum. Born Mus. p. 266. Kammerer Cab. Rudolst. p. 153. Buccinum, No. 167. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 400. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 118. Lister Conch. t. 842. f. 70. Ramphius, t. 30. f. B. Petwer Amb. t. 4. f. 2. Gualter, t. 56. f. B. Argenville, t.11.f.X. Seba, in. t. 56. f. 16, 23, 24, and 27. Knorr, i. t. 23. f. 4. Mar- tint, iv. t. 154. f. 1443. Favanne, t. 40. f. D. Variety. With the whirls divided by a transverse line. Buccinum Taurinum. Portland Cat. p. 142. lot 3158. Buccinum dimidiatum, Var. 6. Kammerer Cab. Rudolst. p. 153. Buccinum, No. 168. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 400. Lister Conch. t. 841. f. 69. Martini, iv. t. 154. f. 1446. Favanne, t. 39. f. I. Inhabits the Indian Ocean. Linnaeus. Amboyna. Rumphius. China. Humphreys. Shell from three to six inches long, and the breadth scarcely exceeds an eighth of the length; the colour is white with a tinge of yellow, red or brown, and marked with three rows of squarish dark ferruginous spots on the body-whirl, and two on the other whirls, of which there are generally more than twenty; the upper half of the whirls is shghtly tumid, and a faint sunk line is observable in the lower whirls, which fol- lows the course of the spire, and becomes stronger as it ap- proaches the summit ; these markings being stronger than is usual may probably give the shell that angulated appearance 644 BUCCINUM. which is represented im Lister’s figure, and which in the Portland Catalogue is quoted for B. Taurinum of Solander, but among his MSS. in Sir Joseph Banks’s Library, there is not any description under this name. The Linnean re- ferences for B. subulatum and B. dimidiatum are much confused, and Seba, t. 56. f. 16. is quoted for both these species. FELINUM. 135. Shell turreted, pellucid, with all the whirls slightly emarginated on the back. Buccinum tigrmum. Gmelin, p. 3502. Buccinum, No 170. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 401. Gualter, t.56.f.G. Seba, ii. t. 56. f. A. Martini, i. p. 207. t. 154. f. 1448. Inhabits Shell an inch and a half long, and full omefonirth as broad, white with two transverse rows of reddish spots on the body, and one oneach other whirl. Gmelin, at p. 3475, has an- other species from Martyn with the name of B. tigrinum. CRENULATUM. 136. Shell turreted, with the whirls transversely divided, and crenated on their margins. Buccinum crenulatum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1205. Mar- tini, iv. p. 294. t. 154. f. 1445. Born Mus. p. 264. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 350. Gmelin, p. 3500. Schrerbers Conch. i. p. 167. Buccinum varicosum. Gmelin, p. 3505. Lister Conch. t. 846. f.75. Rumphius, t. 30. f. E. Gual- ter, t. 57. f. L. Seba, iii. t. 56. f. 9 and 10. Knorr, i. t. 8. f.7. Favanne, t. 40. upper fig. A 1. Variety. Entirely white without any spots. Buccinum candidam. Born Mus. p. 263. t. 10. f. 8. Buccinum, No. 215. Schroeter Einl.i. p. 413. Inhabits the African Ocean. Linneus. Coasts of Amboyna. Rumphius. China. Humphreys. Shell from three to five inches long, and nearly one-fifth as broad, of a pale or brownish flesh-colour, with a transverse row of ferruginous dots, which is double on the body-whirl, and there are also short ferruginous stripes between the cre- nellz on the thickened upper margins of the whirls. Born’s B. candidum is entirely white, and the margins of the whirls in the figure appear to be entire, but they are said in the de- scription to be crenulated. BUCCINUM. 645 HECTICUM. 137. Shell turreted, with the whirls transversely divided, and the upper margin compressed and attenuated. Buccinum hecticum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1206. Chem- nitz, xl. p. 95. t. 188. f. 1817 and 1818. Inhabits the African Ocean. Linnaeus. Linneus has not given any description or further account of this species than what is contained in the above short speci- fic character, and he has only referred to Gualter, t. 56. f. C, and Seba, ili. t. 56. f.21, both of which are doubtful figures. Meuschen suspects it is the same as B. dimidiatum, and the shell figured by Chemnitz may probably be only a variety of that species. It is four and a half inches long, and about one sixth as broad; the upper compressed part of the whirls is of a pale reddish brown, and the lower division is marked with large spots of the same colour on a white ground. GEMINUM. 138. Shells turreted ; whirls transverse- ly divided, with the lower divisions slightly striated, and the upper more protuberant. Buccinum geminum. Linneus Mant. p. 550. Gmelin, p. 3506. Inhabits Linnezus describes this species to be subulate, white, with the whirls transversely divided; the lower division is broadest, and is marked with transverse obsolete striae, of which the uppermost are thickest, and the lower division is narrower, but more elevated and smooth. PROXIMATUM. 139. Shell turreted, with the whirls transversely divided ; lower division slightly striated, and the upper filiform. Buccinum proximatum. Linnaeus Mantissa, p. 550. Gme- lin, p. 3505. Inhabits No subsequent author has ascertained this species, and it is de- scribed by Linnzus to be subulate, glossy, with the lower division of the whirls broadest, and obsoletely striated trans- versely. MONILE. 140. Shell turreted ; whirls transversely - divided, with the lower division grooved, and the upper moniliform. VOL, Il. ¥ 646 BUCCINUM. Bucemum monile. Linneus Mant. p. 550. Gmelin, p. 3505. Inhabits Linmnzus, who alone has noticed this species, says it is subulate, white or yellowish, with a transverse row of nodules on the upper division of the whirls, which is narrowest, and the lower division grooved longitudinally. Linnzeus, on the same page of the Mantissa, has given two almost exactly si- milar descriptions of this species. VITTATUM. 141. Shell turreted, and striated trans- versely ; whirls with a double crenulated su- ture on the upper margin. Buccinum vittatum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1206. Mar- tini, iv. p. 305. t. 155. f. 1461 to 1463. Born Mus. p. 264. Schroeter Einl. 1, p. 352. t. 2. f. 7, and Inn. Bau Conch. p. 52. t. 3. f. 8. Gmelin, p. 3500. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 168. Chemnitz, xi. p. 9%. t. 188. f. 1814 and 1815. Lister Conch. t.977. f. 34. Petwer Gaz. t. 98. f. 15. Klein Ost. t. 7. f. 121. Favanne, t. 40. f. C2. Variety. Elongated, and marked with decussated striz. Chemnitz, xi. p. 94. t. 188. f. 1816. Inhabits the coasts of Ceylon. Chemnitz. Shell generally about an inch and a half long, and more than one-third as broad, of a dull bluish white or pale livid colour, mixed sometimes with a tinge of red. The variety figured by Chemnitz is marked with longitudinal as well as remote ' transverse striz, and the breadth scarcely exceeds one-fourth of the length. DIGITALE. 142. Shell conical, sub-turreted, gla- brous, with the aperture effuse at the base. Buccinum digitale. Meuschen Mus. Gevers. p. 296. No. 507. Buccinum vittatum, Var. Gmelin, p. 3500. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 168. Buccinum, No. 180. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 404. Lister Conch. t.977. f. 33. Petiver Gaz. t. 102. f. 15. Adanson Senegal, t. 4. f. 1. Martini, iv. p. 310, t.155. f. 1468 and 1469, and t. 157. f. 1491. Variety. Narrower, and somewhat elongated. Buccinum, No. 181, and No, 182. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 405. BUCCINUM. G47 Adanson Senegal, t. 4. f.2. Knorr, v. t. 22. f.5. Mar- tint, iv, t. 155. t. 1470 and 1471. Favanne, t. 40. f.C 1. Inhabits the coasts of Bombay. Petiver. Senegal. ddanson. Coromandel. Martini. Shell about an inch and a half long, and more than one-third as broad, whitish or brown, with a paler or bluish band at the upper margin of the whirls. I have followed Kemme- rer, Schroeter, and Martini, in arranging this as a separate species, and it differs from 6. vittatum in not having either any transverse striz or crenatures at the upper margin of the whirls. Martini, f. 1491, probably differs only in being coated with a green epidermis. STRIGILATUM. 143. Shell turreted, with the whirls transversely divided, and obliquely striated. Buccinum strigilatum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1206. Mar- tint, iv. p. 302. t. 155. f. 1456.? Schroeter Einl. i. p. 353. Gmelin, p. 3501. Lister Conch. t. 845. £.73. Rumphius, t. 30. f. H. Knorr, vi. t. 22. f. 8 and Q. Variety. Yellowish, and somewhat tesselated with red. Buccinum commaculatum. Gmelin, p. 3502. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 172. Martini, iv. t. 154. f. 1452. Inhabits the Asiatic Ocean. Linnaeus. Shell about two inches and three-quarters long, and scarcely more than one-eighth as broad, whitish with yellow spots, which at times form square somewhat tesselated patches, and marked with a narrow elevated band both above and below the suture. The Linnean description is so short, and the references so discordant, that this must always continue to be rather a doubtful species, and Born, under the name of B. strigilatum, has figured a very different shell. Martini’s fig. 1452, from which Gmelin has constituted his B. commacu- latum, is very indistinct, particularly about the aperture, and is most probably only a variety of this species. concINNUM. 144. Shell subulate, longitudinally striated, with the whirls undivided, and marked at the sutures with a spotted belt. Buccinum strigilatum. Born Mus. p. 265. t. 10. f. 10. Buccinum strigilatum, Var. g. Gmelin, p. 3501. Buccinum, No. 173. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 401. Fa 648 BUCCINUM. Murex strigilatus. Gmelin, p. 3564. Gualter, t.57.f.O. BUCCINUM. 6538 Bulimus Acicula. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 311. Helix octona. Schroeter Fluss. p. 350. t. 8. f. 6. a and 6, and Hinl. ii. p. 162. Gmelin, p. 3653. L’Aiguilette. Geoffroy, p. 59. t. 2. Gualter, t. 6. f. B, B. Walker’s Minute Shells, t. 2. f. 60. Inhabits moss on old walls about Paris. Geoffroy. Moss, and among the roots of grass on Barham Downs in Kent. Mon- tagu, &c.. Shell hardly a quarter of an inch long, and about one-fifth as broad, white, pellucid, and glabrous, and remarkable for the uncommon obliquity of the sutures. Linnzus has erroneous- ly cited Gualter’s excellent figure of this shell for Helwx oc- tona, which led Muller to quote that species for his B. Aci- cula, though he remarked that it did not accord with the Lin- nzan character. Schroeter has committed the same error, and has been followed by Gmelin, who has very carelessly arranged the true Helix octona as a variety of the same spe- cies. .B. Acicula of Gmelin is a different shell, and the species has been constituted entirely from Lister, t, 1055. f. 7, which is probably a variety of Strombus ater. 654 Genus XXV. STROMBUS: SHELL UNIVALVE, SPIRAL, WITH THE OUTER LIP MUCH DILATED, AND THE APERTURE ENDING IN A PRODUCED CANAL WHICH BENDS TO THE LEFT. Subdivisions.} * With linear segments or claws at the margin of the outer lip. ** ‘With the outer lip lobed. *** With the outer lip very large. **** Turreted, with a very long spire. * With linear Segments or Claws at the margin of the outer lip. Fusus. 1. Shell turreted, smooth; and _ slightly ventricose; aperture ending in an obliquely incurved beak ; and the outer lip toothed. Strombus Fusus. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1207. Martini, iv. p. 332. t. 158. f. 1495 and 1496. Born Mus. p. 270. Schroeter Einl. i. p. . Kammerer Cab. Rudolst. p- 154. Gmelin, p. 8506. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 175. Shaw Nat. Misc. xxiii. t.499. Brookes’s Introd. p. 116. t. 7. f. 87. + Gmelin’s S. affinis, p.3520, S. levis, p. 3520, and S. raninus, p 3511, ap- pear to me to be undeserving of notice. SS. spinosus, p.3518, and S. sinister, p. antes. are Fossils; and the former has been placed among the Volute by La- marck. STROMBUS. 655 Murex Fusus. Forskael Deseript. Anim. p. 33. Alata Fusus. Mus. Geversianum, p. 334. No. 821. Fusus ventricosus. Callone’s Cat. p. 35. No. 642. Lister Conch. t. 854. f. 12. Seba, i. t. 56. f. 1. Knorr, v2 t.,0, 8.11, andit. 7. 4.4) tResenfuss, 1. t. 7st. 1. Junior. With the outer lip not expanded. Strombus, No. 10. Schroeter Hinl. 1. p. 455. Seba, iu. t. 56. f. 3. Favanne, t.24.f. Bl. Martini, iw. t. 158. f. 1497. inhabits America. Linnaeus. Frequent in the Red Sea, parti- cularly about the Island of Ghorab. Forskael. Coasts of Arabia Felix. Humphreys. Shell about seven inches long, and two and a quarter broad, with twelve whirls of a yellowish chestnut-colour, and the inside white ; the outer lip is thickened and toothed at its lower margin, and the aperture terminates im a slightly incurv- ed beak, which is about an inch jong. In young shells, as is commonly the case in this genus, the outer lip is not either thickened or toothed at the margin. UNICORNIS. 2. Shell turreted, smooth; aperture ending in a long straight beak, and the outer lip toothed. Strombus Fusus, Var. Schroeter Einl.i.p. . Keaem- merer Cab. Rudolst. p. 154. Gmelin, p. 3506. Schrei- bers Conch. 1. p. 175. Murex Fusus. -Linneus Mus. Reg. Ulr. p. 638. Syst. Nat. edit. 10. p. 752. Alata lacinea. Meuschen Mus. Gevers. p. 334. No. 823. Fusus longirostratus. Callone’s Cat. p. 35. No. 643. Rostellaria subulata. Lamarck Hist. des Anim. p. 81. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f. 121. Lister Conch. t. 916. f.9. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 11. t. 1. f. 4. Born Mus. p. 427. t. 18. f. 12. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 434. Muller Zool. Dan. 1. p. 25. t. 24. f. 7 to 9. Gmelin, p. 3728. Schreibers Conch. i. p. 362. Dono- van, i. t. 3.4.2. Montagu Test. p. 490. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. viii. p.235. Dorset Cat. p. 59. t. 23. f.4. Brookes’s Introd. p. 138. t.9. f. 127. Emarginula conica. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p.69. Le petit Cabochon l’Entaille. Favanne, 1. p. 548. t. 4. f. M 1. Lister Conch. t. 543. £.28. Petiver Gaz. t.'75. f. 2. Inhabits the coasts of Great Britain. Lister, &c. Algiers. Linneus. Shell five, or sometimes six lines long, and the height and breadth are each about equal to three-fourths of the length ; it is white or brownish white, and elegantly cancellated with longitudinal ribs and transverse strie; the fissure extends from the margin about one-third of the way te the summit, and is very narrow. D’Avila calls this a fresh-water shell, and says it inhabits the Lake of Geneva, but this is most probably a mistake. IncIsA. 88. Shell oval, rather depressed, cancel- lated, with a broad marginal fissure, and. the summit recurved. PATELLA. 1055 Patella Fissura reticulata. Chemnitz, xi. p. 185. t. 197. f, 1925 and 1926. Le grand Cabochon l’Entaille. Favanne, i. p. 549. t. 4. f. M2: The Cracked Limpet. Humphreys Conch. t. 4. f. 2. Tnhabits the coasts of the Falkland Islands. Chemnitz. Shell about three-quarters of an inch long, and half an inch broad, and the height is only about half the length; it is white and cancellated, and nearly allied to P. Fissura, from which it differs in being larger and more depressed, and in having the marginal fissure broader and shorter; but Da Costa, when he wrote his British Conchology, appears to have considered it a Variety of that species. FISSURATA. 89. Shell oval, depressed, with crowd- ed longitudinal striz, and a short marginal fissure. Patella fissurata. Humphreys Conch. p. 20. t. 4. f. 3. Chemnitz, xi. p. 188. t. 197. f. 1929 and 1930. L’Echancré. Favanne, i. p. 549. Inhabits the coasts of New Zealand. Favanne. Ceylon. Chemnitz. Shell about seven lines long, five broad, and three high, of a rose-colour, with the summit and muscular impression white, and the remainder of the inside is flesh-colour; the mar- ginal fissure is scarcely half a line deep, and almost equally broad. HEKKKKK With a perforated summit. NOACHINA. 90. Shell conical, longitudinally stri- ated, and the summit recurved, with a rhom- boidal perforation extending towards the an- terior margin. Patella Noachina. Linnaeus Mantissa. p.551. Chemnitz, x1. p. 186. t. 197. f. 1927 and 1928. Patella Fissurella. Muller Zool. Dan. Prod. p. 237, and Zool. Dan. i. p. 24. t.24. f.4to6. Fabricius Fauna Groenl. p. 384. Gmelin, p. 3728. Patella Apertura. Montagu Test. p. 491. t. 13. f. 10, and Supp. p.155. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans, viii. p. 236. Humphreys Conch. t. 7. f. &. {nhabits the coasts of Norway. Muller. Greenland, Fabri- 1056 PATELLA. cius. Ferroe Islands and Iceland. Chemnitz. England. Montagu. Shell about three lines long, rather more than two broad, and one and a half high, white, with strong longitudinal tuber- culated ribs, and somewhat wrinkled transversely; it has a fissure or perforation, extending longitudinally from the re- curved summit towards the anterior margin, and appears to be a link which connects the Emerginule and the Fissurellz of Lamarck, PUSTULA. 91. Shell oval, flattish, with radiated ribs, and sub-truncated at one end; margin thick and crenated. Patella Pustula. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p.1262.? Schroeter EFinl. i. p. 436. t.5. £.8.2 Chemnitz, x. p. 338. t. 168. f. 1632 and 1633. Gmelin, p.3728. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 362. Patella Unguis. Martini Besch. Berl. Naturf. ii. t. 12. f. 4 and 3. Patella, No. 157. Schroeter Einl. u. p. 508. Lister Conch. t. 528. 4.8. Petiver Gaz. t.3. f.12. Hum- phreys Conch. t.7. f. 12. Inhabits the Mediterranean. Linneus. Jamaica. Sloane. West India Islands. Chemnitz. Linneus has given of P. Pustula the following specific charac- ter: ‘Shell oval, gibbous-convex, with reticulated striz, and a crenated margin ;” to this he has added a remark that it is very like P. Fissura, and has quoted the above-men- tioned figure of Petiver’s, which is the shell now described, and also Klein Ost. t.8. f.3, which is P. Greca; so that with such contradictions the Linnean P. Pustula must al- ways continue a doubtful species. The Jength is most com- monly about ten, and the breadth eight lines, and the shell is shaped somewhat like a finger-nail, but a Variety is less truncated, and measured ten by only seven lines; the outer surface is of a dull white, sometimes variegated with dark red in irregular blotches, and the inside is white and glossy ; the perforation is placed nearer to the truncated than to the other end, and excepting a small smooth space which sur- rounds the perforation, the surface is longitudinally ribbed and slightly striated transversely. Favanne has erroneously described this shell for a Variety of P. Scute/lum. GRECA. 92. Shell ovate, cancellated, with the sum- mit somewhat lateral, and the mner margin crenated. PATELLA. 1057 Patella Graca. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1262. Martini, i. p. 139. t.11. f. 98 and99. Pennant Zool. iv. p. 144. t. 89. f.153. Born Mus. p. 423. Schroeter Einl. in. p- 437. Gmedn, p. 3728. Schreibers Conch. ii. p. 362. Montagu Test. p. 492. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 236. Dorset Cat. p. 59. t. 23. f. 3. Brookes’s Introd. p.138. t.9. f. 123.? Burrow’s Ele- ments, p. 176. t. 21. f. 8. Patella Larva reticulata. Da”Costa Brit. Conch. p. 14. fat F. 32 Patella reticulata. Donovan, i. t.21. f. 3. Le Gival. Adanson Senegal, p. 37. t. 2. f. 7. Le Lépas a réseau, ou le Treillis. Favanne, i. p. 552. t. 3. r. B. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch.1. f.6. Lister Conch. t. 527. f. 2. Gualter, t. 9. f. N. Argenville, t. 2. f£.1. Humphreys Conch. t.7. f. 15. Tnhabits the Mediterranean. Linneus. Coasts of Barbadoes and Jamaica. Lister. Island of Goree. Adanson. Eng- land. Pennant, &c. Shell an inch, or sometimes two inches long, and the length, breadth, and height are about in the proportions of three, two, and one ; it is elegantly cancellated with unequal longi- tudinal narrow ribs and transverse strie crossing over them ; the margin is not even, but somewhat arcuated, and strongly crenated on the inside; the colour is pale dull brown, or greenish or yellowish white, sometimes spotted or marked with one or two brown concentrical rings. ATRICAPILLA. 93. Shell ovate, cancellated, with the longitudinal ribs nodulous and alternately smaller; summit somewhat lateral, and the inner margin entire. Patella Greca, Var. Martini, i. p.141. t. 12. f. 104. Patella, No. 158. Schroeter Einl. il. p. 508. Laster Conch. t. 528. f. 5. Inhabits the coasts of Barbadoes. Luster. This shell in shape resembles P. Greca, with which it has been confounded by Gmelin, but the length rarely exceeds an inch, and it differs in having the larger and smaller ribs re- gularly alternate, and the inner margin very nearly entire ; the colour is dull green or olive, with the larger ribs white, and the perforation at the summit is, [ believe, always sur- rounded both inside and out with a black ring. 1058 PATELLA. noposa. 94. Shell oval, sub-conical, with elevated strongly tuberculated ribs, and the summit nearly central; margin crenated. Patella nodosa. Born Mus. p. 429. Patella Jamaicensis. Gmelin, p. 3730. Patella spinosa. Gmelin, p. 3731. Patella, No. 153. Schroeter Einl. ui. p. 506. and No. 168. p. 513. t.6. f. 12. Le Lépas ergoté. avanne, i. p. 535. t.3. f. D. Lister Conch. t, 528. f. 6. Petiver Gaz. t. 153. f. 5. Inhabits the coasts of Barbadoes. Lister. St. Domingo and Martinique. Favanne. Shell about fifteen lines Jong, eleven broad, and eight high, and is white both inside and out; it has about forty-eight alter- nately much elevated and smail longitudinal ribs, crossed by four or five convex concentrical rings, which form strong pointed tubercles at the intersections; the perforation at the summit is oblong, contracted at the middle like a key-hole, and surrounded on the inside with a milk-white callus. PERFORATA. 95. Shell ‘ovate, with unequal lon- gitudinal nodulous ribs, and the margin toothed ; perforation circular. Patella perforata. Gmelin, p. 3730. Patella Barbadensis. Gmelin, p. 3729. Patella, No.152. Schroeter Evnl. p. 506. La Perdrix. Favanne, i. p. 536. t. 3. f. F. Lister Conch. t. 528. f. 7. Petioer Gaz. t. 80. f. 12. Martini, i. p. 135. t.11. f. 93, 96, and 97. Inhabits the coasts of Barbadoes. Lister. St. Domingo and _ Martinique. [avanne. Shell about an inch and a half long, one inch broad, and half an inch high, of a pale grey, yellowish green, or whitish co- Jour, with pale or dark purplish brown or reddish rays, and _ sometimes spotted in concentric circles; the upper half of the inside is white, and the part towards the margin is green ; it is slightly contracted towards one end, and the summit is placed not far from the center; the circular perforation is often bordered with a pale chestnut, reddish, or straw-co- Joured ring, and the callus, which surrounds it on the inside, is oval. Martini considered his figures 93, 96, and 97, to be the same species ; and they are all quoted by Gmelin for P. Barbadensis, though he has afterwards also quoted the latter for P. perforata. PATELLA. 1059 cAFFRA. 96. Shell ovate, with the sides compres- sed towards one baith and striated and rayed with black; perforation nearly central and sub-ovate. Patella Caffra. Gmehn, p. 3730. Patella, No. 154. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 506. Martini, i. p. 137. t. 11. f. 95. Inhabits the coasts of the Cape of Good Hope. Martini. Shell about an inch and a half long, seven lines high, and one inch broad in the broadest part, but the sides are somewhat compressed, and become gradually narrower towards one end; it is slightly ribbed longitudinally, and marked with minute transverse striae; the colour is greyish or dirty white, with numerous narrow black rays in pairs or fours, and the inside is white tinged with green; the inner margin is slightly crenated. PILEOLUS. 97. Shell oblong, with longitudinal strie, and the sides compressed ; perforation circular and sub-marginal. Patella prea seu Pileolus. Chemnitz, xi. p. 183. t. 197. f. 1922 Humphr eys Conch. t. 7. f. 2.? Inhabits This shell appears by Chemnitz’s figure to be about an inch long, and half as high, and of a brownish yellow colour, with a few darker transverse stripes; the summit is much nearer to one end than to the other, and has a circular perforation on the posterior side. SCUTELLUM. 98. Shell sub-oval, with longitudinal strie, and transverse elevated belts; sides compressed near the middle, and the perfora- tion large. Patella Scutellum. Gmelin, p. 3731. Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 363. Patella nimbosa, Var. Martini, i. p. 134. Patella, No. 166. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 512. t. 6. f. 11. Le Comprimé a trou de serrure. avanne, p. 527. t. 3. FART: Petiwer Gaz. t. 3. f. 11. Meuschen Na wll xvii, p. 11. t. 2. f. 2 and 3.? Inhabits the coast of the Falkland Islands. Iavanne. Shell about an inch and a half long, eleven lines broad, and 1060 PATELLA. the height is about half the breadth ; the colour is yellowish white, or sometimes pale lilac, irregularly radiated with violet, grey, or reddish stripes, or sometimes almost wholly grey or ash-coloured, and the inside 1s white; the sides are strikingly compressed in the middle, and one end is rather broader than the other; the perforation is oblong-oval, about four lines long, and half as broad. picTAa. 99. Shell ovate, with concentrical elevated belts, and alternately white and violet longi- tudinal rays; perforation oval. Patella picta. Gmelin, p. 3729. Patella, No.151. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 505. Fissurella radiata. Lamarck Syst. des pres p. 69. Le grand Lépas ovale 4 trou de serrure. Favanne, ii. p. 530. t. 3. f. A 4. Argenville, t.2. f. E. D’Aoila, t. 3. f.C. Martini, i. p. 131. t. 11. f.90. Inhabits the Straights of Magellan. D’ Avila. Coasts of the Falkland Islands. Favanne. Shel! about three inches and a quarter long, two inches and a quarter broad, and rather more than one inch high ; Gmelin has described the perforation to be round, but it is oval, though not contracted in the middle like that of P. Riess. to which this species is very nearly allied, and from which Favanne says it differs in nothing but what may be attributed to the effects of age or climate. wimBosA. 100. Shell sub-oval, with longitudinal distant slightly elevated ribs, and transverse strie; perforation oblong and contracted in the middle. Patella nimbosa. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1262. Martini, i. p. 134, t. 11. f. 91 and 92. Born Mus. p. 429. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 439. Gmelin, p. 3729. Schrei- bers Conch. 1. p. 362. Le Dasan. Adanson Senegal, p. 35. t. 2. f. 6. Le petit Lépas ovale a trou de serrure. Favanne, i. p. 528. oR Gls Wis Le Lépas ovale tuilé 4 trou de serrure. avanne, 1. p. 528. t. 5. f. A 2. Gualter, t. 9. f. Rand S. Inhabits the coasts of Southern Europe and America. Lin- PATELLA. 1061 neus. Raclia in the Archipelago. Tournefort. Goree. Adanson. St. Domingo and Martinique. Favanne. Shell varying in length from one inch to two inches and a half, and the breadth is about two-thirds of the length; the co- lour is white or greyish white, with broadish brown or vio- let rays; the longitudinal ribs are often alternately larger, but not regularly so, and they are generally more or less fur- nished with small vaulted scales; the inside is white with a border, or otherwise tinged with green, and the margin is slightly crenated. NUBECULA. 101. Shell ovate, with alternate rose- coloured and white rays, and very slightly striated ; perforation oblong. Patella Nubecula. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1262. Gmelin, p- 3729. ‘ Patella rosea. Gmelin, p. 3730. Patella, No. 156. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 507. Lister Conch. t. 529. f. 22.? Martim, i. p.141. t. 12. f. 105. Inhabits the Mediterranean. Linneus. Coasts of Jamaica. Martini. Shell about three-quarters of an inch Jong, and half an inch broad, and is elegantly variegated with red and white rays extending from the summit to the margin; the inside is white more or less tinged with green, and has a brownish or rose-coloured ring surrounding the perforation; Linnzus has described the perforation of P. Nubecula to be ovate, whereas that of Gmelin’s P.. rosea is said to be oval, and in my specimens, which otherwise answer both these descrip- tions, it is oblong. Born has erroneously quoted Martini’s figure 105, together with 91 and 92, for P. nimbosa. PORPHYROZONIAS. 102. Shell oblong, with unequal longitudinal sub-nodulous ribs, and the per- foration small and circular. Patella Porphyrozonias. Gmelin, p. 3730. Patella, No. 155. Schroeter Einl. 11. p. 507. Martini, i. p. 140. t. 12. f. 102 and 103. Inhabits the coasts of North America. Martini. This shell is of about the same size as P. Nubecula, but has the summit more elevated, and is irregularly ribbed longitu- dinally ; the colour is dirty white, variegated with purplish or reddish rays, which are sometimes interrupted by four or VOL, II. 21 1062 PATELLA. five narrow transverse stripes of the same colour ; the inside is greenish white, and has a brown or red line surrounding the perforation, which is small and circular. MACROSCHISMA. 103. Shell ovate-oblong, slightly striated, and the sides somewhat compres- sed; perforation very long, and widened at the posterior end. Patella Macroschisma. Portland Cat. p. 71, lot 1601. Callone’s Cat. p. 4, No. 62. Chemnitz, xi. p. 184. t. 197. f. 1923 and 1924. fis Humphreys Conch. t. 7. f. 3. Inhabits the coasts of Japan. Chemnitz. This scarce and valuable shell is about thirteen lines long, and six broad, with the outside of a reddish brown colour, and whitish on the inside; the perforation is half an inch long, extending from the summit nearly to the posterior margin, where its breadth becomes rather abruptly doubled. 1063 @Genus XXXII. DENTALIUM:t SHELL UNIVALVE, TUBULAR, NEARLY STRAIGHT, WITHOUT ANY INTERNAL PARTITION, AND OPEN AT BOTH ENDS. + REcTuM. 1. Shell nearly straight, longitudinally ribbed, and slightly striated transversely ; and somewhat annulated. Dentalium rectum. Gmelin, p. 3738. Dentalium, No. 2. Schroeter Einl. uu. p. 527. Le grand Dentale a stries longitudinales. Favanne, i. p. 038. t. 5. iE 6, Petiver Gaz. t.95.f.11. Gualter, t.10.f.H. Martini, 1-p.430,,t. b. f..4 A. Tnhabits the East Indian Seas. Favanne. This shell is of about the same size as D. elephantinum, and principally differs from it in being nearly straight, and in having the ribs smaller, and the growth marked by irregular elevated rings; it is green with the annulations of a darker colour, and is rather a doubtful species. ELEPHANTINUM. 2. Shell slightly curved, with about ten longitudinal ribs, and intermediate strie. Dentalium elephantinum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1263. Martini, i. p. 33.t.1. f.5 A. Born Mus. p. 431, and + D. nebulosum of Gmelin, p. 3738, appears to me to be too uncertain a species to be retained ; and the following are fossils, D. annulatum, p. 3738, D. Sossile, p. 3738, D. interruptum, p. 3739, D. Radula, p. 3738, D. sexangulum, p. 3739, and D, vitreum, p. 3739. 212 1064 DENTALIUM. Vign. at p. 430. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 520. Gmelin, p. 3736. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 526. Shaw’s Nat. Misc. vii. t. 226. Burrow’s Elements, p. 177. t. 99. f.1. Le grand Dentale a cannelures. Favanne, i. p. 636. t. 5. f. Ee Lister Conch. t. 547, upper fig. 1. Rumphius, t. 41. f. £. Petiver Amb. t. 16. f. 83. Gualter, t. 10. f. 1. Ar- genville, t.3.f. H. Knorr, i. t. 29. f. 3. Variety. More curved, and the summit less truncated. Dentalium arcuatum. Gmelin, p. $738. Dentalium, No. 6. Schroeter Linl. ii. p. 529. Gualter, t. 10. f. G. Ivhabits the Indian and European Seas. Linneus. Coasts of Amboyna. Rumphius. Sicily. Martini. Isle of France. Favanne. Shell from two and a half to four inches long, and the diame- ter at the broad end is four or five lines ; itis strongly marked longitudinally with from eight to twelve ribs and a few in- termediate striz ; the colour is green becoming paler towards the summit and is sometimes stained transversely with darker bands. Gmelin for a Variety has cited Argenville, t. 3. f. I, which is very like a fragment of this species with the upper end accidentally broken off. Gualter, t. 10. f. G, from which D. arcuatum has been constituted, differs from the commor appearances of D. elephantinum only in being rather more curved and less truncated at the summit. APRINUM. 3. Shell slightly curved, with ten longi- tudinal ribs, and the interstices smooth. Dentalium aprinum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1263. Mar- tini, i. p. 31. t. 1. f. 4 B. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 521. Gmelin, p. 3736. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 1. f. 8. Inhabits the Indian Seas. Linnaeus. This shell is nearly allied to D. elephantinum, but differs in being white and strongly ribbed without any intermediate striz. striatum. 4. Shell pointed at the summit, with eight longitudinal ribs, and the interstices striated. Dentalium striatum. Born Mus. p. 431. Mus. Leskeanum, p- 306. DENTALIUM. 1065 Dentalium striatulum. Gmelin, p. 3738. Maton and Rac- ket, in Lin. Trans. viii. p. 258. Montagu Supp. p. 155. Brookes’s Introd. p. 140. t.9. f. 129. Dentalium octangulatum. Donovan, v. t. 162. Dentalium, No. 3. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 528. nee Conch. t. 547, lower fig. Martini, i. p. 33. t. 1. f. oD. Inhabits the coasts of Sicily. Martini. Cornwall. Donovan. Shell about two inches long, and appears, from Mr. Donovan's description, to differ principally from D. aprinum in having only eight ribs, and the interstices striated ; much reliance cannot, however, be placed on the number of the ribs, for D. elephantinum is often found with only eight, and is so represented in most of the figures to which Linnzus has re- ferred ; if D. striatum and D. octangulatum are the same, of which there can be very little doubt, the colour of this species is sometimes green and sometimes white, or reddish brown, if the colouring of Mr. Brookes’s figure is correct. DENTALIS. 5. Shell slightly curved, with about twenty longitudinal strie, and the summit pointed. Dentalium Dentalis. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1263. Born Mus. p. 432. t. 18. f.13. Schroeter Hinl. ii. p. 522. Gmelin, p. 3736. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. Vill. p. 237. Dentalium striatum. Montagu Test. p. 495. L’Epingle courbe. Favanne, i. p. 634. t. 5. f. E 4. Rumphius, t. 41. f. 6. Inhabits the Mediterranean. Linnaeus. Coasts of Amboyna, Rumphius. West of England. Montagu. Shell twelve or fourteen lines long, and at the base only one line in diameter ; it is sharp pointed, and closely and regu- larly striated longitudinally throughout, and sometimes a few faint annulations are observable towards the base; foreign specimens are reddish, but those which Mr. Montagu found on the coasts of Cornwall and Devon were white. ENTALIS. 6. Shell slightly curved, taper, continu- ous, and smooth. Dentalium Entalis. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1263. Mar- tind, 1. p. 26. t. 1. f. 1 and 2. Pennant ool. iv. p. 145. t. 90. f. 154. Born Mus. p. 432. Schroeter Hint. ii. p. 523. Gmelin, p. 3736. Donovan, i. p. 48. Mont- 1066 DENTALIUM. agu Test. p. 494. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. viii. p. 237. Dorset Cat. p. 59. t. 22. f. 10. Dentale vulgare. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 24. t. 2. £.10. Le petit Dentale. avanne, 1. p. 633. t. 5. f. E 1. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 1. f.9. Laster Conch. t. 547. f. 2, and t. 1056. f.4. Petwwer Guz. t. 65. £.9. Gual- ter, t.10.f. E. Argenville, t. 3.f. K. Knorr, 1. t. 29. f. 4. Inhabits the Indian and European Seas. Linneus. Coasts of Britain. Lister. Persia. Martini. Norway, Spain, and France. Favanne. Shell about an inch and a half long, and two lines in diameter at the broader end, smooth, glossy, pervious, and tapering to a small point; Gmelin’s D. arietinum, which is said to dif- fer in being only one-eighth part as large and more curved, is most probably the young of this species. CORNEUM. 7. Shell slightly curved, taper, inter- rupted, and opake. Dentalium corneum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1263. Schroe- ter Einl. 1. p. 523. t. 6. f. 16. Gmelin, p. 3737. Inhabits the African Ocean. Linnaeus. Limneus has not given any reference, and to the above specific character only adds that this species is very like D. Entalis, but is of a dark horn-colour, and often interrupted ; the shell figured by Schroeter is an inch and a quarter long, and differs from D. Entalis in being cylindrical, and in having a round- ed obtuse summit. POoLitum. 8. Shell slightly curved, taper, and con- tinuous, with much crowded annular strie. Dentahum politum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1264, Mar- tini,i. p. 29.t.1.f.3 4. Born Mus. p. 433. Schroe- ter Hinl. nu. p. 524. Gmelin, p. 3737. Le Dentale a sillons circulaires. Favanne, i. p. 635. Rumphius, t. 41.f.5. Gualter, t. 10. f. F. Inhabits India. Linneus. Coasts of Sicily. Martini. This shell is of the same size, and has nearly the appearance of D. Entalis, from which it is distinguished by its crowded transverse annular striz ; it is generally milk-white, but some- times of a pale rose-colour, and the whole surface has a po- lished appearance. EBURNEUM. 9. Shell slightly curved, taper, and continuous, with remote annular striz. DENTALIUM. 1067 Dentalium eburneum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1264. Gme- lin, p. 3737. Inhabits India. Linneus. Linneus has not given any reference, and I cannot find that any subsequent naturalist has ascertained this species ; it is described to be as white as ivory, extremely smooth and glossy, and to be very like D. Entalis, but to differ in hav- ing numerous convex annular striz at equal distances apart. FASCIATUM. 10. Shell slightly curved, very finely striated longitudinally, and pale grey with darker transverse bands. Dentalium fasciatum. Gmelin, p. 3737. Dentalium, No. 1. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 526. Le petit Dentale 4 stries longitudinales. avanne, i. p. 635. t. 5. f. Eg. Martini, i. p. 29. t. 1. f. 3 B. ~ TInhabits the coasts of Sicily. Martini. Shell about an inch or an inch and a quarter long, and two lines in diameter at the broader end; the longitudinal striz sometimes terminate about the middle, leaving the upper half smooth, and Favanne says they rarely extend through the whole length of the shell ; the colour is whitish or pale grey, tinged with orange towards the summit, and marked trans- versely with dusky bands. Gapus. 11. Shell slightly curved, very smooth, with a pointed summit, and the base con- tracted. Dentalium Gadus. Montagu Test. p. 496. t. 14. f.7. Ma- ton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 238. Inhabits many parts of the British Channel. Montagu. Shell about three-eighths of an inch long, and in the broadest part, which is towards the middle, about one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter; it tapers to a small poimt at the summit, and is also slightly contracted towards the larger end; it is white, glossy, and perfectly smooth, and Mr. Montagu says it is known to mariners by the name of [ake’s Tooth. IMPERFORATUM. 12. Shell slightly curved, cylin- drical, minute, transversely striated, and the summit truncated and imperforate. Dentalium imperforatum. Walker’s Minute Shells, f. 15. 1068 DENTALIUM. Adams's Micro. p. 635. t. 14. f.8. Montagu Test. p. 496. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 238. Inhabits the sea near Sandwich. Boys. Among the sand in Falmouth harbour. Montagu. Shell about one-eighth of an inch long, and one-third as broad, of a greyish white colour, and striated transversely ; aperture round, a little contracted at the margin, and Montagu says the opposite end is closed, truncated, and furnished with a small round protuberance. TRACHEA. 13. Shell curved, sub-cylindrical, and minute, with crowded annular strie ; sum- mit truncated and imperforate. Dentalium Trachea. Montagu Test. p. 497. t.14. f. 10. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. viii. p. 239. Found in sand from Milton in Devonshire, but is extremely rare. Montagu. Shell rather more than one-eighth of an inch long, and the dia- meter is about one-fifth of the length; Montagu says it dif- fers from D. imperforatum “ by being more arcuated, and a little tapering; is longer in proportion to its breadth, the margin of the aperture even, and not contracted, and the an- nulations stronger, giving it the appearance of the windpipe or Trachea of an animal ;” the colour is ferruginous brown, becoming paler towards the summit. MINUTUM. 14. Shell slightly curved, cylindrical, minute, and smooth. Dentalium minutum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1264. Schroe- ter Einl. ii. p. 526. Gmelin, p. 3737. Dentalium glabrum. Montagu Test. p. 497. Maton and Racket in Lin. Trans. viii. p. 239. Inhabits the Mediterranean. Linneus. North coast of De- vonshire. Montagu. In addition to a very short specific character, Linnzus only says that this species is so very minute as not to be discernible with the naked eye, which does not at all accord with his re- ference to Plancus’s t. 2. f. 2, and Gmelin has conjectured that Linnzus by mistake described the spire of some minute Echinus: it is, however, by far more probable that D. gla- brum is the species intended, and of this Mr. Montagu has given the following description: “ Shell cylindrical, arcuated, smooth, glossy, white, devoid of either striz or wrinkles, and equal in size throughout; aperture orbicular; the other end DENTALIUM. 1069 closed, rounded, and sub-marginated. Length scarce one line, and the diameter one-fifth of the length.” PELLUCIDUM. 15. Shell taper, nearly straight, horny, flexible and smooth. Dentalium pellucidum. Gmelin, p. 3738. Dentalium, No.9. Schroeter Ein. ii. p. 529. t. 6. f.17. Inhabits the North Sea. Schroeter. Shell two inches and a quarter long, very narrow and thin, and of a pale honey-colour; Schroeter says it will not etfervesce with acids, and it may therefore be doubted whether it be- longs properly to the Testacea. 1070 @enus XXXIV. eee SERPULA:+ SHELL UNIVALVE, TUBULAR, ADHERING, AND SOME- TIMES DIVIDED BY IMPERFORATED DISSEPIMENTS AT UNEQUAL DISTANCES. STELLARIS. 1. Shell sub-orbicular, umbilicated, con- vex, with radiated wrinkles. Serpula stellaris. Fabricius Fauna Groenl. p. 383. No. 380. Gmelin, p. 3747. Inhabits the shores of Greenland, on Sertulariz, and sometimes on stones and shells. Fabricius. Shell very small, not larger than a small pin’s head, of a red- dish brown, yellow, or violet-colour, and rayed with white. It has one whirl or bend, is flat beneath, and has an ex- tremely minute aperture. SEMINULUM. 2. Shell regular, oval, detached, and glabrous. Serpula Seminulum. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1264. Mar- tint, i. p. 61. t.3. f.22, aandb. Schroeter Ennl. ii. p- 535. Fabricius Fauna Groenl. p. 376. Gmelin, p. 3739. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. viii. p. 245. Dorset Cat. p.60. t. 19. f. 31. Serpula ovalis. Adams in Lin. Trans. v. t. 1. f.28 to 30. + I have omitted the following of Gmelin’s species, which appear to me to be very doubtful and obscure. _S. cinerea, p. 3747, S. Infundibulum, p. 3745, S. Norwegica, p. 3746, and S, pyramidalis, p. 3746.——S. Melitensis, p. 3746, is a fossil. The S. filograna of Linnzus and the Tubipora ramosa of Gmelin are the same; and S, zntestinalis of Gmelin, p. 3745, appears also to be a Zoophyte. SERPULA. 1071 Vermiculum intortum, Montagu Test. p. 520. Plancus, t. 2. f.1. Gualter, t.10. f.8. Inhabits sandy shores in all parts of Europe. Red Sea, Gmelin. Shell one-tenth of an inch in diameter, white, opake, glabrous, and variable in its formation ; aperture compressed and semi- lunar. Messrs. Maton and Racket express their doubts whether the three species, described by Mr. Montagu under the names of §.subrotunda, S. oblonga, and S. ovalis, are more than Varieties of this species; and there are also seve- ral bottle-shaped species, which, on account of their extreme minuteness and doubtful place m the system, I have not thought it necessary at present to notice. INCURVATA. 3. Shell regular, detached, with three close involutions at the smaller end. Serpula incurvata. Adams’s Microscope, p.634. t. 14. f. 7. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 246. Vermiculum incurvatum. Montagu Test. p.518. Walker’s Minute Shells. f. 11. Variety. Vermiculum pervium. Montagu Test. p. 518. Watker’s Minute Shells, f. 12. Inhabits the sandy shore at Sandwich. Boys. And the Variety has been found on the Devonshire coast by Mr. Montagu. Shell scarcely one line in diameter, white, and semi-transparent. The Variety is rather smaller, and makes only one turn at the upper end, which is open or pervious. PLANORBIS. 4. Shell regular, orbicular, flat, and equal. Serpula planorbis. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1264. Gmelin, p- 3740. Inhabits the sea on shells. Linneus. No author has noticed this species besides Linnzeus, who says it is very minute, resembling a round scale firmly fixed to other shells, without any external appearance of whirls, but when broken horizontally exhibiting the appearance of a spire in minute concentric circles. CEREOLUS. 5. Shell taper, smooth, and sub-orbi- cular, with many involutions. Serpula Cereolus, Gmelin, p.3745. Serpula, No. 12. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 560. Le Pain de Bougie. Favanne, i. p. 665. t.6. f. D. 1072 SERPULA. D Avila, t.4. f. F. Martini, i. p. 58. t. 3. f.20 E. Inhabits the coasts of America, St. Domingo, Martinique, and St. Helena. Favanne. The numerous volutions are often turned laterally inwards, like the whirls of Helix Vortex, and form a flat disk an inch or more in diameter, but they sometimes rise spirally with less regularity upon each other. The tube scarcely exceeds a line in diameter, and the colour on the outside is dull white, but within it is glossy. SPIRILLUM. 6. Shell regular, spiral, orbicular, and pellucid; whirls taper. Serpula Spirillum. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1264. Martini, i. p. 57. t. 3. f.20, Cand D. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 537. Fabricius Fauna Groenl. p. 376. Gmelin, p. 3740. Montagu, p.499. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vill. p. 240. Dorset Cat. p. 59. t. 19. f.27.* Plancus, t.1. f.8. Ginanni Adr. ii. t.1. £.7. Inhabits Sertularie and other Zoophites, on most of the Eu- ropean shores. Shell white, glossy, slightly wrinkled, with four or five rounded and longitudinally striated volutions, which together are not more than one line in diameter, and by this it may be known from S. spirorbis, which has only two volutions. Mr. Montagu’s S. sinistrorsa appears to be nothing more than a reversed Variety of this species; and Gmelin’s S. porrecta appears also to be only a Variety, for the principal, if not the only difference, consists in its not having any wrinkles, and in being of a more snowy white. mInuTA. 7. Shell regular, spiral, and orbicular, with the whirls reversed, taper, and trans- versely wrinkled. Serpula minuta. Montagu Test. p.505. Maton and Rac- ket, in Lin. Trans. vin. p. 241. Inhabits the sea on Corallina officinalis; frequent on the Eng- lish coasts. Montagu. Shell white, opake, with two or three volutions, and not half the size of the reversed Variety of S. Spirillum, from which it also differs in being transversely wrinkled, and not longitu- dinally striated. Mr. Montagu says it has sometimes a slight longitudinal furrow on each side, forming a ridge or carina along the back. SERPULA. 1078 SPIRORBIS. 8. Shell regular, spiral, and orbicular ; whirls slightly grooved above and within, and gradually tapering to a pot. Serpula spirorbis. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1265. Martini, i, p. 59. t.3. f.21, Zand B. Pennant Sool. iv. p. 145. t.91. f.155. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 22. t. 2. f. 11. Schroeter Einl. ii, p.538. Fabricius Fauna Groenl. p- 377. Muller Zool. Dan. iu. p. 8. t. 86. f. 1 to 6. Gmelin, p. 3740. Donovan, i. t. 9. Montagu Test. p- 498. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 241. Dorset Cat. p. 59. t.22. f. 11. | Brookes’s Introd. p. 142. t. 9. f. 134. Spirorbis nautiloides. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 326. Lister Conch. t. 553. £.5. Petiver Gaz. t.35. f.8. Gual- ter, t.10.f.0. Ginanni Adr. i. t.1. f.8. Variety. With the whirls reversed. Chemnitz, ix. part 1. p. 151. t. 116. f. 999. Inhabits the sea on Fuci and Zoophytes, on all the coasts of Europe. Shell about a line in diameter, round, white, smooth, and opake, consisting of two whirls gradually and regularly coiling to a point, like some of the depressed Helices. ©RIQUETRA. 9. Shell creeping, flexuose, and three- sided. Serpula triquetra. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p.1265. Martint, 1, p. 68. t.3. £.25. Pennant Zool. iv. p. 146. t. 91. f. 157. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 20. t.2.f.9. Born Mus. p.436. t. 18. f. 14. Schroeter Einl. it. p. 540. Gmelin, p. 3740. Dorset Cat. p. 59. t.22. f.9. Dono- van, il. t.95. Montagu Test. p.511. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 244. Gualter, t.10.f.P. Ellis’s Corallines, t. 38. f. 2. Common on the shores of Europe and America, on shells, stones, wood, and Algz. Shell strong, opake, wrinkled, variously twisted, and sometimes nearly straight; it has a dorsal elevated ridge, and the base spreads so as to give it a triangular appearance. Mr. Mon- tagu has remarked, that the funnel-shaped proboscis of the inhabiting Terebella is single, and therein differs from that of S. vermicularis, which is double. INTRICATA. 10. Shell filiform, rough, taper, and flexuose. 1074 SERPULA. Serpula intricata. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p.1265. Pennant Zool. iv. p. 146. Inhabits the shores of the Mediterranean, on Pinne and the rubbish thrown up by the sea. Linneus. Common on the coasts of Britain. In the opinion of Da Costa and Montagu, this is not distinct from S. vermicularis, and it differs chiefly in being more grouped, and much more slender. CARINATA. 11. Shell regular, spiral, with the outer whirl rising into a carinated ridge on the top. Serpula carinata. Montagu Test. p. 502. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. viii. p. 242. Inhabits the sea on other shells in Salcombe Bay, Devonshire. Mr. Montagu. Shell about half the size of S. sprrorbis, and a little spreading at the base; besides the carinated ridge on the outer whirl, it also differs from S.spirorbis in having the middle whirl rather concave, and sometimes pervious. GRANULATA. 12. Shell taper, spiral, and glome- rated, with three elevated ribs on the upper side. Serpula granulata. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1266. Fabri- clus Fauna Groenl. p.380. Gmelin, p. 3741. Dono- van, iii. t- 100. Montagu Test. p. 500. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 241. Serpula sulcata. Adams in Lin. Trans. ii. p. 254. Inhabits the Northern Ocean, on stones and shells; and is not uncommon on the shores of Britain. Shell opake, white, with two volutions, strongly ribbed longi- tudinally and transversely wrinkled, especially in the furrows ; aperture round; it is of the same size as S. spzrorbis. CANCELLATA. 13. Shell spiral, glomerated, with three grooves, the lower of which is inter- rupted by transverse ribs; aperture biden- tated. Serpula cancellata. Fabricius Fauna Groenl. p. 383. Gme- lin, p. 3746. Inhabits the shores of Greenland; common with Serpula gra- nulata. Fabricius. Shell white, greyish, or greenish, and nearly allied to S. granu- SERPULA, 1075 lata, from which it may readily be distinguished by the bi- dentated aperture. HETEROSTROPHA. 14. Shell taper, spiral, with three elevated ribs on the upper side, and the whirls reversed. Serpula heterostropha. Montagu Test. p. 503. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vin. p. 242. Inhabits the sea on oysters and other shells, and marine Algze, in Kingsbridge Bay, Devonshire. Montagu. Shell thick, brownish or dirty white, and not half the size of S. granulata, from which it also differs in having the whirls reversed. corRuGATA. 15. Shell regular, spiral, transversely wrinkled, and umbilicated. Serpula corrugata. Montagu Test. p. 502. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans, vii. p. 242. Inhabits the sea on slate rocks, at Milton, Devonshire. Mon- tagu. Mr. Montagna says that this is a much stronger shell than S. Spirillum, and never exposes so much of the second volu- tion to view, and that, though more wrinkled, it possesses a superior gloss when cleared from extraneous matter. LucipA. 16. Shell taper, spiral, very smooth and glossy; whirls reversed. Serpula lucida. Montagu Test. p.507. Maton and Rac- ket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 243. Serpula reflexa. Adams in Lin. Trans. v. p.4. t.1. £.31 and 32. Inhabits the sea, on Sertularia abietina very frequent, and some- times on Sertularia argentea. Montagu. Shell half a line in diameter, and distinguishable from its con- geners by its extremely smooth, glossy, and vitreous appear- ance; whirls two or three, irregular, sometimes lateral, and sometimes turned over each other, with the aperture project- ing upwards, and not unfrequently unconnected. S. cornea of Adams appears to be a very doubtful species, and not worth notice. VITREA. 17. Shell taper, regularly spiral, orbicu- lar, and wrinkled; aperture thickened. 1076 SERPULA. Serpula vitrea. Fabricius Fauna Groeni. p. 382. Gmelin, . 3746. Laseits the shores of Greenland on Sertulariz, shells, stones, and Fuci. Fabricius. / Shell not a line in diameter, thick, white, or sometimes reddish, glossy, and pellucid. Fabricius says it is allied to S. glome- rata; and Messrs. Montagu, Maton, and Racket have sup- posed it to be the same as S./uctda, but in that species the edge of the aperture is not thickened, and the whirls are re- versed. CONTORTUPLICATA. 18. Shell semi-round, wrinkled, glomerated, and carinated. Serpula contortuplicata. Linnaus Syst. Nat. p. 1266. Martini, i. p.67. t.3. f.24 4. Born Mus. p. 437. Schroeter Ennl. i. p.545. Gmelin, p. 3741. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 326. Le Boyau de Mer. Favanne, i. p. 650. t.6. f. E 1. Bonanni Rec.and Kirch.1.t. 20. f.G. Argenville, t. 4. f. D. Inhabits the European Ocean. Linnaeus. Mediterranean. D’ Avila. Coasts of Provence. Lavanne. It appears to me that this species was formed by Linnzus from those shells of S. triquetra which are not spread out at the base so as to give them a triangular appearance, and, as is frequently the case, they then answer tolerably well to the most striking part of his description, ‘semitereti carinata.’ Da Costa, Montagu, and Racket have also considered S. contortuplicata and S.triquetra to be the same; but the figures referred to by Martim, Born, Schroeter, Favanne, and Gmelin, appear to be different, and probably may belong to a separate species; though never having seen any shell which answers to them, I have not ventured to make the alteration. NEBULOSA. 19. Shell thick, wrinkled, and much twisted ; aperture large and indented. Les Intestins. Favanne, i. p. 652. t. 6. f. I. D’ Avila, t. 4. f. H. Inhabits the American seas. Favanne. Shell thick, extremely wrinkled, white clouded with dark fawn-colour, and much twisted and plaited together, so as generally to conceal the lower extremity, which terminates in a point; the diameter of the largest tube is said by Favanne not to exceed three or four lines, and it expands at the aper- ture, which widens at the edge. From the appearance of SERPULA. 1077 the figures, it might be supposed that this is a Variety of the species which Gmelin kas considered to be the Linnzan S. contortuplicata ; but from Favanne’s description it appears to be perfectly distinct. GOREENSIS. 20. Shell taper, twisted, and cancella- ted with minute elevated strie. Serpula Goreensis. Gmelin, p. 3745. Serpula, No.27. Schroeter Einleitung, i. p. 566. Les Boyaux de Mer d'Afrique. Favanne, i. p. 651. t. 6. f. E 2. Le Dofan. Adanson Senegal, p. 164. t. 11. f. 3. Inhabits the shore of the Island of Goree, on shells and pieces of timber. Adanson. Tube eight or nine inches long, and three or four lines broad, irregularly twisted, and forming masses a foot in diameter ; the surface is cancellated with minute elevated striz, and is white on the outside, and horn-coloured within. GLOMERATA. 21. Shell taper, glomerated, and mark- ed with decussated wrinkles. Serpula glomerata. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1266. Martin, 1, p.65. t.3. £.23. Born Mus. p.437. Schroeter Ein- lettung, i. p. 546. Gmelin, p. 3742. Brookes’s Introd. Dp. 1420.1.G- foloo: Le Gateau de Vermisseaux. Favanne, i. p. 654. t.6. f.Q. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. 3. f.20 FE. Gualter, t. 10. f.T. Argenville, t. 4. f. G. Inhabits the European Seas. Linneus. Mediterranean. Mar- tint. Coasts of Provence. Favanne. Shell an inch or two long, and about two lines broad, but so interwoven that it is impossible to separate them. Gualter mentions a mass nine inches in diameter, which weighed twenty-three pounds, and Favanne says that the diameter often exceeds a foot, but that the height is not more than two or three inches. The surface of the shell is longitudi- nally grooved, and transversely striated, shining, particularly on the inside, and of a white, brown, or reddish colour. LUMBRICALIS. 22. Shell taper, flexuous, spiral and acute at one end. Serpula lumbricalis. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1266. Mar- tind. 1. p. 48. t.2. f. 12 B. Born Mus. p.438. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 547. Gmelin, p. 3742 ~~ Brookes'’s Introd. VOL. II. eK 1078 SERPULA. p. 142. t.9. f.132. Burrow’s Elements, p.177. t. 22. f.2. Vermicularia lumbricalis. Lamarck Syst.des Anim. p. 97. Le Vilebrequin. avanne, i. p. 659. t.5. £.G. Bonanni Rec. 1. f.20 D. Lister Conch. t.548. f.1. Rum- phius, t. 4. f. No.1. Gualter, t.10. f.QandV. Pe- tiver, t.22.f.1. Argenoille, t.4. f.1. Knorr, ii. t.13. f.1. D’ Avila, t.4. £.G. Inhabits the Indian Ocean. Linnaeus. Coasts of Amboyna. Rumphius. Moluccas. Favanne. The length varies from two to four mches, and the diameter from three to five lines; the colour is brown or yellowish, becoming darker towards the summit, and nearly white in the inside ; the tube is more or less curved throughout its whole length, and terminates at one end in a rather compact pointed coil, or spire, of from six to ten whirls. Linnaeus describes the spiral end to be the summit of the shell, of which the correctness 1s rather doubtful, and it appears far more likely that the spiral end is the part by which it adheres to the rock or other substance to which it is naturally attached ; if this is the case, Le Vermet of Adanson, t. 11. f. 1, Martini, t.3. f.24 B, and Favanne, t.6.f.H, and t. 68. f.G, may probably belong to this species, but not as the Linnzan cha- racter now stands, ‘ apice spirali acuto,’ conicaA. 23. Shell sub-cylindrical, flexuose, and spi- ral at the base. Serpula lumbricalis, Var.@. Gmelin, p. 3742. Serpula, No.6. Schroeter Einl. u. p. 557. La Trompe d’Eléphant. Favanne, i. p. 664. t. 5. fC. Rumphius, t.41. f.4. Martina, 1. p. 52. t. 2. f.15. Inhabits the coasts of America, adhering to rocks. Favanne. Amboyna. Rumphius. Tube rather thick, brownish white, and coiled into a conical spire of about eight whirls at the base; the summit rises about nine inches from the rock to which the shell adheres, but the length is probably thrice as great, owing to the coils at the base; and the diameter of the tube is about two lines and a half. ARENARIA. 24. Shell jointed, entire, distinct, and rather flat beneath. Serpula arenaria. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1266. Martini, i. p. 55. t. 3. £.19, 4, Band C. Born Mus, p. 439. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 550. Gmelin, p. 3743. Serpula intiotina. U/ysses’s Travels, p. 448. SERPULA. 1079 Le Solitaire couleur de Rose. Favanne, i. p. 668. t. 6. f. P, and f. R.? Le Masier. Adanson Senegal, p. 165. t.11. f. 5. Bonanni Rec. and Kirch. i. f.20 B. Gualter, t.10. f. L and T. Argenville, t.4. f. H. Inhabits the coasts of India. Linneus. St. Domingo. Fa- vanne. Bay of Naples. U/ysses. Shell solitary, rose-coloured, with obvious joints, and the upper surface marked somewhat like a Cornu Ammonis; the length is three inches, and the diameter at the aperture about five lines, and forms a flat coil about an inch and a half in dia- meter. Rumphius, t. 41. f. L, and Martim, t. 1. f. 10, which are quoted by Gmelin for a Variety, are described to be ‘claboniformis,’ and are more allied to S. Ocrea than the present species, which they are not in the least like. S. are- naria of the Mus. Lud. Ulrica is Teredo gigantea. AFRA. 25. Shell taper, spiral, solitary, with three somewhat compressed volutions. Serpula Afra. Gmelin, p. 3745. Serpula, No.11. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 559. Le Datin. Adanson Senegal, p.165. t.11. f.4, A and B. Martini, 1. p.57.t. 3. f.20, A and B. Inhabits the shores of Goree on rocks and shells. Adanson. Shell about two inches long, and two lines in diameter, soli- tary, yellowish or dark brown, and generally smooth, but sometimes marked with five or six longitudinal strie; the volutions are sometimes flat, and turned regularly like those of a Nautilus, but they are frequently a little raised irregu- larly one above the other. VoLvox. 26. Shell sub-octangular, cancellated, and irregularly spiral. La Chenille. Favanne, i. p. 653. t. 6. f. M. ° Rumphius, t.41.f.H. Petiver Amb. t. 16. £.32. Mar- dint, 1. t. 2. f. 14. Inhabits the East Indies. Favanne. Most other authors have followed Linneus in referring to Rumphius, t.41.f.H, for S. anguina, but Favanne says it is a distinct species, and has thus described it: ‘ Shell either solitary or in groups, somewhat quadrilateral, and coiled ito an irregular spire of rather distant whirls; it is moderately thick, and cancellated with fine stria, and has not any longi- tudinal cleft; the diameter of the tube is nearly four lines, and the length, measured along the course of the whirls, is 2x2 1080 SERPULA. more than five inches, but the summit is elevated only two inches above the base.” ANGUINA. 27. Shell rather taper, somewhat spiral, with a longitudinal sub-articulated fissure. Serpula anguina. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p.1267. Martini, 1.p.51, t.2. f.13, Band C. Born Mus. p. 440. t. 18. f.15. Schroeter Hinl. ii. p. 552. Gmelin, p. 3743. Shaw Nat. Misc. xiv. t. 571. Siliquaria anguina. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 98. Le Tire-bourre. Favanne, i. p.660. t.6. f.G 1. Lister Conch. t. 548. f.2. Rumphius, t.41. £.2. Petiver Amb. t.22.f.11. D’ Avila. t. 4. f£. E. Inhabits the Indian Ocean. Pallas. Coasts of Amboyna. Rumphius. China and Sicily. Humphreys. Shell whitish, clouded with brown or yellow, variously curved, and particularly towards one end is often spiral; the length varies from two to eight inches, and the diameter of the tube from five to eight lines, and it is marked throughout the whole length by a fissure formed of a continued series of ob- long perforations. The shell figured by Lister and Rum- phius, and Martini, f. A, is much shorter, and consists wholly of a spire of five whirls, and is the Variety @ of Linnzus ; but it appears to me to be only the spiral end broken off from a larger tube. Gmelin’s Var. @ is not in the least like the ‘species, and is much more nearly allied to Teredo gigantea. MURICATA. 28. Shell angular, muricated, with a longitudinal sub-articulated fissure. Serpula muricata. Born Mus. p. 440. t.18.f.16. Shaw Nat. Misc. xiv. t. 575. Serpula echinata. Gmelin, p. 3744. Serpula anguina. Brookes’s Introd. p. 142. t. 9. f. 131. Serpula anguina, Var. y. Gmelin, p. 3743. Serpula, No.1. Schroeter Einl. uu. p. 556; and No. 26. p- 565. Gualter, t.10. f. R. Martini, i. t. 2. f. 8. Inhabits the Indian Ocean. Born. This species has the longitudinal fissure and oblong perforations of S. anguina, and differs only in being of a rose-colour and armed with short spines. Gualter has omitted to notice the longitudinal fissure, but his description and figure in all other respects answer so strikingly to this species, that there can remain no doubt of its beg the same. Martini’s t. 2. SERPULA. 1081 f. 8. is copied from Gualter’s figure, and from thence Gme- lin’s S. echinata has been obviously taken. ANNULARIS. 29. Shell sub-cylindrical, with annu- lar contractions, and an obsolete longitudinal fissure. Serpula lumbricalis, Var. y. Gmelin, p. 3742. Serpula, No.7. Schroeter Hinl. 1. p. 557. Le Tire-bourre annulaire. Favanne, 1. p. 662. t.6, f.G 2 Bonanni Rec. 1. f.20C. Martini, i. p. 53. t. 2. f. 16. Inhabits —— Shell thick, variously curved and twisted, and marked with an- nular contractions, which in Favanne’s figure appear to be about a quarter of an inch apart; the colour is brownish yellow on the outside, and pale fawn-colour within; the lon- gitudinal fissure is so very narrow as to be hardly observable, and is placed in a groove between two small elevated striz. Favanne has not mentioned the length; but as it may be doubted whether the specimens were perfect from which the figures above referred to were taken, it probably extends to six or eight inches, and the diameter is near haif an inch. CORNU-coPlz. 30. Shell sub-conical, taper, rather obtuse, and twice twisted spirally ; aperture orbicular. Serpula Cornu-copiz. Gmelin, p. 3745. Serpula helicima. Portland Cat. p. 190. lot 4040. Serpula, No. 25. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 564. Cornu Copie. Born Mus. p. 362. t. 13. f. 10 and 11, and Vign. at p. 361. Cornu Copiz monstrosum., Chemnitz, xi. p. 292. t. 211. f. 2092 and 2093. Cornucopia helicina. Shaw Nat. Misc. xiv. t.518. Inhabits the Mauritius, where it burrows into stone and coral. Humphreys. This rare and elegant shell is about two inches long, and eight lines in diameter at the broader end, from which it tapers gradually to an obtuse point; the €olour is yellowish, with three variegated longitudinal brown bands; it has the aper- ture of a Turbo, with the habit of a Helix allied to Poma- tia or scalaris, but its volutions are entirely unconnected and distant from each other, and the habitat which Mr. Hum- phreys has given precludes the possibility of its being a dis- torted land shell. % 1082 SERPULA. DECUSSATA. 31. Shell taper, flexuose, irregularly contracted and marked with much elevated striz. Serpula decussata. Gmelin, p. 3745. Serpula, No.8. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 558, Le Bois de Charme. Favanne, 1. p. 652. t.6. f. L. Lister Conch. t. 547. f:4. Martini, 1. p. 53. t.2. f.17. Inhabits Barbadoes. Lister. Coast of America. Favanne. Martini’s figure is copied, and his description (as also are those of Schroeter and Gmelin) is taken wholly from Lister’s, but there can be no doubt that Le Bors de Charme belongs to the same species, and of this shell Favanne has given the following account: ‘* Le Bois de Charme est un Tuyau d’ Amérique, a stries longitudinales, fines et serrées, médio- crement épais, de figure conique fort alongée et sinueuse, se repliant sur lui-méme, avec des nodosités ou renflemens de distance en distance. Il est en dehors d’un fauve rougeatre foncé, et blanchatre en dedans; son ouverture antérieure est mince et cylindrique, mais sa pointe est conique et fermée. Il est représenté ici solitaire et de grandeur ordinaire, quoiqu’il se trouve souvent en groupes, et d’un volume plus considé- rable. [lest peu commun.” In Lister’s figure a few irre- gular transverse striz are represented, which are not noticed in the above description; but they appear too irregular to justify Gmelin’s introduction of ‘decussated strie’ in the specific character. VERMICULARIS. 32. Shell taper, subulate, curved, and transversely wrinkled. Serpula vermicularis. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1267. Pen- nant Zool. iv. p. 146. t.91. f.158. Martini, i. p. 61. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 18. t.2. £.5. Schroeter Ennl. ii. p. 553. Muller Zool. Danica, ii. p. 9. t. 86. f. 7 to 9. Gmelin, p. 3743. Donovan, ii. t.95. Montagu Test. p-509. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 243. Dorset Cat. p. 60. t. 22. f. 5. Tubus vermicularis. E/lis Corallines, t. 38. f. 2. Common on the coasts of Europe on stones and shells. S. vermicularis differs from S. triquetra in bemg more slender and cylindrical, without any carinated edge, more strikingly wrinkled transversely, and in size, which is generally much larger: from the circumstance of only one eer proboscis being represented in the figures of Ellis and Do- novan, Mr. Montagu has referred to them for S. triquetra, Sd SERPULA. 1083 but they want the carinated edge, and have every other ap- pearance of belonging to this species. It has been already remarked, that S. itricata is not distinct, and S. reversa of Montagu appears to be only a reversed Variety of this species. TUBULARIA. 33. Shell taper, subulate, and flexu- ose, with the larger end detached and as- cending. Serpula tubularia. Montagu Test. p. 513. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 244. Inhabits the coasts of Devonshire on Shells. Montagu. The larger end of the shell is frequently detached for half its length, and ascends at a considerable angle, wherein it prin- cipally differs from 8. vermicularis, which is usually attached to some other substance throughout its whole length. Ac- cording to the observations of Mr. Montagu, the animal of this species is an Amphitrite, and in S. vermicularis it is a Terebella. DENTICULATA. 34. Shell taper, subulate, nearly straight, with the sides toothed, and a longi- tudinal glabrous rib in the middle. Serpula denticulata. Gmelin, p. 3746. Serpula, No.33. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 570. t.6. f. 18. Inhabits the sea on Lepas Tintinnabulum. Schroeter. Shell about three-quarters of an inch long, white, and straight, except at the narrow end, where it is slightly curved; aper- ture orbicular. AQUARIA. 395. Shell taper, straight, with a radiated border and perforated disk at the summit. Serpula Aquaria. Burrow’s Elements, p. 178. t. 22. f. 3. Serpula Penis. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1267. Martini, i. p. 43. t. 1. f.7. Born Mus. p. 441. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 554. Gmelin, p. 3744. Brookes’s Introd. p- 141. t..9 1.430. Serpula perforata. Shaw’s Nat. Misc. vi. t. 188. Penicillus Javanus. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 128. La- marck Syst. des Anim. p. 98. L’Arrosoir. Favanne, i. p. 640. t.5. f. B. Bonanni Kirch. i. f. 38, and Rec. Supp. f. 45. Lister Conch. t. 548. f. 3. Rumphius, t. 41. f..7. Petiver Amb, t. 21. f.17. Gualter, t.10. f. M. Argenville, ~ 1084 SERPULA. t.3.f.G. Knorr, iv. t. 28. f. 1, and vi. t. 40. f. 1. Da Costa Elements, t. 2. f. 8. Variety. Sub-fusiform, with the summit only slightly bor- dered, and the perforated disk small. Penicillus Novee Zelandiz. Bruguiere Enc. Meth. p. 129. L’Arrosoir de la Nouvelle Zelande. Favanne, i. p. 642. t. 79. f. E. Inhabits the coasts of Java. Linneus. Amboyna, Rumphius. Coromandel. D’ Avila. Moluccas. Favanne. Madagas- car, and the Nicobar Islands. Humphreys. This shell when perfect is nearly a foot long, and more than an inch in diameter at the dilated summit, which is convex, and perforated so as to resemble the spout of a watering-pot ; the summit has a radiated border, and the perforations are circular, excepting the one in the center which 1s linear; the colour is whitish with a slight tinge of pale red or grey, and the whole of the shell very brittle; according to Favanne, the lower part by which it adheres to the rocks is flexuose and twisted, and the upper part, which is straight, proceeds from it nearly at a right angle. ‘The Variety appears to have been wholly described by Favanne from a drawing which was sent him, and without any additional authority it has been arranged by Bruguiere as a separate species ; it differs in being thicker, and much more distended below the sum- mit, towards which it is rounded off; the perforated disk is also much smaller, and the radiated border hardly projects at all, so that the general outline of the shell is fusiform. ocrEA. 386. Shell sub-cylindrical, widening at the base, and shaped like a boot. Serpula Ocrea. Gmelin, p. 3744. Serpula, No.2. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 556. Le Tuyau en forme de Botte. Favanne, i. p. 644. t. 5. f. D. Rumphius, t.41. f. K. Petiver Amb. t. 20. f.12. Martini, 1. p.44. t. 1. £9. Inhabits the East Indian Seas on coral. Rumphius. This shell is represented to be nearly two inches high, and eight lines broad, of a dark brown colour, and widened at the base so as almost exactly to resemble a man’s boot; all the other figures have been copied from Rumphius, on whose sole authority it rests; and it is probably nothing more than an accidentally distorted Variety of some other species. PROBOSCIDEA. 37. Shell taper, smooth, with the broad end straight, and transversely plaited. SERPULA. 1085 Serpula proboscidea. Gmelin, p. 3745. Serpula, No.9, and No. 10. Schroeter Einl. ii. p. 559. Proboscis Elephantis minor, et major. Martini, i. p. 54. t/ 2; f,,18,,A,andyB. Inhabits Shell from two to four inches long, and the diameter at the larger end is nearly half an inch; the colour is white clouded with black or yellow, and in the figures the whole length is represented straight, except that there is one bend at the distance of about one-third of the length from the broader end. It appears to be a badly defined and very uncertain species. PROTENSA. 38. Shell sub-cylindrical, with trans- verse plaits and wrinkles, and divided by internal transverse partitions. Serpula protensa. Gmelin, p. 3744. Serpula erecta. Ulysses’s Travels, p. 448.? Serpula, No. 5. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 557. Le Tuyau cordé. Favanne, i. p. 676. t. 5. f. F. Rumphius, t. 41. f. 3. Petiver Amb. t. 21. f£.18. Martini, 1. p. 46. t. 2. f. 12 A. Inhabits the coasts of Amboyna. Rwmphius. Shell about four inches long, and three lines in diameter, nearly equal at both ends, slightly flexuous, and of a bluish white, or reddish or brownish colour ; the outer surface is strongly plaited and wrinkled transversely, so as to give it somewhat of an annulated appearance, and the inside is di- vided by transverse partitions into numerous chambers with- out any connecting siphon. From the appearance of the figures, it may be suspected that S. protensa and Teredo Utriculus, are the same species. Le Serpenteau of Fa- vanne, i. p. 676. t. 68. f. N, which is taken from Gualter, t. 10. f. LL, is very nearly allied, but is much more flexu- ous. GIGANTEA. 39. Shell taper, somewhat three-sided, and the aperture at the narrow end furnished with a conical tooth. Serpula gigantea. Pallas Misc. Zool. p. 139. t. 10. f. 2 to 10. Born Mus. p. 441. Gmelin, p. 3747. Seba, 1. t. 29. f. 1 and 2. Inhabits the coasts of Curagoa, and other Caribbee Islands, 1086 SERPULA. generally in coral beds, and incrusted with Millepora alci- cornis. Pallas. Shell about six inches long, and as broad as a little finger, tu- bular, thick, and flexuose ; the tooth at the mouth is pro- duced from an obsolete rib which runs along the whole shell ; the surface is smooth, of a red, white, yellow, or violet co- lour on the outside, and the aperture is yellow and striated within. Pallas has given several figures, and a long de- scription of the animal. 1087 Genus XXXV. a TEREDO: SHELL TAPER, FLEXUOUS, AND TUBULAR, WITH TWO .HEMISPHERICAL VALVES AT ONE END OF THE ANIMAL, AND TWO LANCEOLATE ONES AT THE OTHER. GIGANTEA. 1. Shell taper, sub-cylindrical, nearly straight, thick, and pellucid, with two inter- nal tubes at the summit. Teredo gigantea. Sir E. Home, in Phil. Trans. for 1806, p. 276, and t. 10 and 11. f. 1 to 7. Serpula Polythalamia. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1266. Mar- tini, 1. p. 40. t. 1. f.6 and 11. Schroeter Kini. ii. p. 549. Gmelin, p. 3742. Serpula arenaria. Linneus Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 700. Serpula gigantea. Portland Cat. p. 6, lot 97. Serpula, No. 4. Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 557. Fistulana cornicula. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 129. Le grand Tuyau de Mer. D’ Avila, i. p. 97, No. 52. Le Cierge. Favanne, i. p. 673. t. 5. f. N. Rumphius, t. 41. f. D and E. Klein Tubul. t. 1. f. 3. Seba, in. t. 94, largest fig. Tnhabits the sandy shores of Ceram, one of the Molucca Islands, in shallow water. Rumphius. Coasts of the Island of Battoo near Sumatra. J. Griffiths, Esq. It appears to me to be almost beyond a doubt that the Serpula Polythalamia of Linnzeus, and the Teredo gigantea of the Philosophical Transactions are the same, for the two smaller tubes appear in Rumphius’s figure to be still partially en- 1088 TEREDO. closed by the outer cylinder, and the latter, of which the summit is said by Mr. Griffiths to be very brittle, might probably, either to shew the internal structure, or by accident, have been more broken away than usual; the Linnzan spe- cific name is moreover rather peculiarly applicable from the circumstance of the base being divided into separate cham- bers, as has been observed by Sir E. Home, who after re- lating the manner in which the lower end of a full-grown shell is closed, adds, that in some of Mr. Griffiths’s specimens “the animal has receded from its first enclosure, and has formed a second three inches up the tube, and afterwards a third two inches further on.” The discovery of the two boring shells and two flattened opercula prove the necessity for its removal to Teredo, and the divided summit gives it a place in Lamarck’s Genus Fistulana. Pallas, in his Mis- cellanea Zoologica, p. 140, asserts that Rumphius’s sbell differs only from T'eredo navalis in being an inhabitant of sand instead of wood; but Favanne, in describing Le Crerge, maintains a contrary opinion, and among other marks of dis- tinction points out the bifurcated summit. Mr. Griffiths could not obtain a perfect specimen, and the following re- marks are extracted from a memoir with which he favoured the Royal Society, and which in their Transactions imme- diately precedes the observations of Sir E. Home: “ The length of the longest of these shells that came into my pos- session was five feet four inches, and the circumference at the base nine inches, tapering upwards to two inches and a half; the colour on the outside milk-white, the inner surface rather of a yellow tinge. ‘This specimen was nearly per- fect, having a small part of the lower extremity entire. I have others of various dimensions, a very good one about three feet long, and four inches round, tapering to an inch and a half at the point.” The outer surface is uneven, and strongly wrinkled transversely, byt the inner surface is per- fectly smooth; the internal tubes at the summit are about eight or nine inches long; in a fragment rather more than an inch and a half in diameter, which Sir Joseph Banks gave me, the thickness of the tube is a quarter of an inch, and the structure is so singularly radiated, that I at first mis- took it for a mineral stalactite. The Serpu/a arenaria of the 12th edition of the Systema Nature is an entirely dif- ferent species; but the following description in the Mus. Lud. Ulr. is more likely to have been intended for the pre- - sent shell: “ Testa crassa, forma intestini, curvata, irregu- laris, cinerea, inamoena, extrorsum sensim latior apice an- gustiore, sepe in duos ramos bifida.” _~, TEREDO. 1089 NAVALIS. 2. Shell sub-cylindrical, very thin and smooth. Teredo navalis. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1267. Pennant Zool. iv. p- 147. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 572. Gmelin, p. 3747. Montagu Pest. p. 527, and Supp. p. 7. Home in Phil. Trans. 1806. p. 276. t. 12 and 13. Donovan, v. t. 145. Maton and Racket, in Lin. Trans. vii. p. 249. Dorset Cat. p. 60. t. 18. f. 21. Burrow’s Ele- ments, p. 178. t, 22. f.4. Teredo vulgaris. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p. 128. Serpula Teredo. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 21. Le Taret. Adanson Senegal, p. 263. t. 19. f. 1. Favanne, t. 60. f. C 1, C 2, and C 3. Enc. Meth. t. 167. f. 1 to 3. Inhabits the sea in the sides and bottoms of ships and other timber, which it perforates. Shell sometimes a foot long, and about three-quarters of an inch in diameter at the lower extremity, from which it tapers slightly to the summit, but the shell in these climates is rarely more than half so large; it is thin, brittle, slightly flexuous, and of a whitish colour. Linnzus, considering the valves which are placed at the two ends of the animal to be of the nature of opercula, has arranged this shell among the Uni- valves ; whilst others, who consider them to be similar to the accessory valves of a Pholas, think it ought to be placed with the Multivalves. Both the shell and the animal have been described at great length in the works above quoted, by Adanson, Home, and Montagu. Another species in La- marck’s Systeme des Animaux sans Vertébres is mentioned under the name of Teredo bipalmulata, as follows: “ Ce Taret, qui vit aussi dans l’intérieur des bois plongés sous les eaux marines, est plus grand que le Taret commun. II est remarquable par deux bras ou palettes articulées, subpinnées, situées 4 son extrémité inférieure. On en voit un individu dans la Collection anatomique du Muséum, qui est devenue si intéressante par les belles dissections et préparations du citoyen Cuvier.” uTRIcULUS. 3. Shell sub-cylindrical, thick, flexu- ous, and the aperture at the summit divided by a partition. Teredo Utriculus. Gmelin, p. 3748. Kemmerer Cab. Rudolst. p. 7. t.1. Inhabits wood in the sea. Kemmerer. 1090 TEREDO. This shell is stated to be seven inches long, and appears by Kemmerer’s figure to be four or five lies in diameter at one end, which is nearly twice as broad as the other ; it is white, sub-pellucid, taper, transversely wrinkled, and consi- derably curved irregularly; the aperture is said to be oval and divided by a partition in the middle. cLava. 4. Shell with one end club-shaped, and the other narrower, incurved, obtuse, and_per- forated in the middle. Teredo Clava. Gmelin, p. 3748. Teredo, No.1. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 574. t. 6. f. 20. Fistulana gregata. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p.129. Walch Naturf. x. t.1.f.9 and 10. Spengler Naturf. xiii. t.1. f. 1 to 11, and t. 2. f.12 to 14. Guettard Mem. t. 70. f.6to9. Enc. Meth. t. 167. f. 6 to 16. Inhabits the coasts of Coromandel. Schroeter. In the seed- vessels of Xylocarpus Granatum. Gmelin. Shell nearly two inches long, and about half an inch broad at the lower extremity, from which it tapers upwards, and the other end is said to be narrower, obtuse, somewhat incurved, and perforated ; it is generally found in clusters, and is more or less flexuous, of a brownish colour, with the outside rough and the inside smooth. I have in this instance quoted Walch and Spengler on the authority of Schroeter, and Guettard on that of Lamarck. Besides F. cornicula and F’. gregata, which are above noticed, Lamarck in his Systéme des Ani- maux, has given the following notices of two other Fistulane, and Le Pillon of Favamne, i. p. 672. t. 5. f. K, may pro- bably also belong to the same natural family : Fistulana Clava. Linc. Meth. t. 167. £17 to 22. Fistulana lagenula. Enc. Meth. t. 167. f. 23. 1091 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. ——_ —— P. 2.1.6. read Chemnitz, viii. p. 271. t.94, &c. p. 8.1.13. The reference to Enc. Meth. should begin the next line. ‘The same remark applies to the references at p. 13. 1.16, and p. 17. 1.31, both beginning Enc. Meth., at p.28.1.7, beginning with Phil. Trans., and at p. 29. 1. 11, beginning Rumphius. p- 11. 1.29. read Montagu Test. p. 3, and Supp. p. 1. p-15.1.17 and 19. puncrata., and Lepas punctata. B35 are punctated like a thimble. p- 16. 1. 7. STRIATA. 4, Shell conical, truncated, &c. 1. 22, referred to for L. balanoides, p. 19.1.8. Pennant’s Zool. iv. p. 73. t. 38. f. 7. p. 23. 1. 12. Lister Conch. t. 443. f£. 285. 1.14. Argenville, t. 26. f. A. 1.25 et passim. Ulysses instead of Ser C. Ulysses. p. 24.1.5. Balanus Tintinnabulum, Var. Bruguiere, &c. 1, 14. differ from L. Tintinnabulum, p- 25. 1. antep. Petiver Gaz. &c. Also at p. 29. 1. 12; p. 40. 1.18; p.42. 1.30; and p. 44. 1. 3. p. 27. 1.12. SPONGEOSA. p- 28. 1.12 and 18. L. spongeosa. p-31.1.13 f.b. | Lepas dilata. Donovan, &c. p. 32. 1,24. Balanus anatiferus. Da Costa, &c. prod. 17. Pholas muricatus. Da Costa, c. p- 36.11.18 f.b. | Pholas costatus. Linneus, &c. Bios o: Gualter, t. 105. left hand fig. E. 1. ult. P. pusillus. p. 38. 1.24and 25. the Linnean P. striatus, and P. pusillus, p. 42. 1.27. Da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 233. t. 16. f. 1. p. 43. 1.6. Da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 232. p-45.l.antep. Montagu Test. p.44. p-52.1.15 f.b. Lister Anim. Ang. App. t.1. f.1,&c. p.53. The Mya rhomboidea of Schroeter here mentioned is the Unio littoralis of Lamarck, Syst. des Anim. p. 114. p- 59. 1.8 f.b. Chemnitz, vi. p. 46. t. 4. f. 29 and 30. p-60.1.15 f.b. | Pennant Zool. iv. p. 84. t. 46. f. 24. D: 1+ Lise Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1117. p-82.1.16f.b. Linnaeus Syst. Nat. p. 1117. p- 86. 1.21. Gronovius Zooph. p. 287. t. 1. f. 3. p. 98. 1. 5 f.b. Tellina calcarea. Chemnitz, &c. p- 95. 1. ult Tellina, No.84. Schroeter, &c. p. 104. 1. 16 f.b. Argenville, t, 27. f.9. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 1.12. read Chemnitz, vi. p. 321. t. 30. f. 322 and 323. Ry Chemnitz, vi. p. 320. t. 30. f. 321. ~116f.b. Chemnitz, x. p. 350. t. 170. f. 1656. -1.10f.b. Gmelin, p. 3221. . 1.11, et passim, read Schreibers Conch. -1L9f.b. Chemnitz, xi. p.225. t. 201. f. 1974. 14. Venus, No. 135. Schroeter Einl. iii. p. 195. . 1.24. without any references, has given nothing, &c. 1.14. Venus purpurata, Gmelin, &c. 1.15. Venus, No. 80. Schroeter, &c. . between 1.1 and 2. Lucina Jamaicensis. Lamarck, Syst. des Anim. p. 124. p- 200. 1.1 and 5. mgQuivoca., and Venus equivoca. p: 202.7 tb. Chemnitz, x. p. 354. t. 171. £-1661. p- 228.1. 10. Chemnitz, vil. p. 195. t. 55. f. 542. p. 231. 1. 22. but Chemnitz’s figure represents, &c. p- 252. 1. Qand6. f.b. PEs-LUTR#&., and Ostrea Pes Lutre. p-535.1.3 fb. | L’Ecope de Batelier. Favanne, &c. p: 300.1 ¥. CHRULESCENS. p- 417. 1. 12. Conus Terebellum, Var. y. Gmelin, &c. p- 436. 1.4 f.b. C. leucogaster, p. 3413. p- 458. 1.17 and 18. CRIBRARIA,, ‘and Cyprea cribraria. p- 469. 1. 26 and 29. STAPHYLEA., and Cyprea staphylea. p-519.1.17 f.b. Favanne, ii. p. "836. t. 195 fb. p. 52001) i: Favanne, ii. p. 835. t. 19. f. 11. peose.l. 172 Voluta Ziervoyelii. Gmelin, &c. p-559. 1.17 f.b. Mitra millepora. Lamarck, &c. 1.16 f.b. Voluta Cribrum. Solander’s MSS. p. 590. 1.1. Born Mus. p. 243. p-606.1.9 f.b. — Schreibers Conch. 1. p. 259. p. 611. between 1. 10 and 11. Concholepas Peruviana. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p.70. p-621. between 1.24 and 25. Enburna flavida. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. p.78. pees LIT, Buccinum glaberrima. Gmelin, &c. p.654.1.8 f.b. = Schroeter Einl. 1. p. 416. p..655. 1. 23. Schroeter Einl. i. p. 417. p-O78al. 28. Buccinum torridum. p- 772. 1. 14. Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1225. p-902.1.19 f.b. Scopoli Del Insub. i. p. 66. t. 25. f. A. p- 925. 1.6. Lister Anim. Ang. t. 2. f. 4, &c. p.961-4..1- Linneus Syst. Nat. p. 1249. p. 1036. 1.9. Humphreys Conch. t. 4, f. 5. FINIS. EN DEX, i WITH THE SYNONYMA IN ITALICS. The Second Volume being paged in continuation of the First, commences with Page AACARDO Unbella 1053 Achatina variegata 494 Aciona scalaris 853 Akera bullata 482 Ala accipitrina 669 Alata Aratrum 664 flavigula 662 Fusus 655 lacinea 655 Lentigo rosacea 661 Sagiitis lineata 662 Samar 674 torosa 661 Ampullaria rugosa —- 918 Amusium Japonicum 250 magnum 251 Rumphit 250 Amygdalum frixum 231 Anas domestica 274. Anatifa dentata 32 levis 32 Mitella 29 pollicipes 29 Scalpellum 30 striata 30 villosa 33 Anatifera Luzona 322 Ancilia volutata 1018 Ancilla cinnumomea 490 Ancillaria candida 491 cinnamomea 490 ventricosa 490 SAE ie Ancylus fluviatilis 0 1042 lacustris 1042 Anodonta anatina 317 ANOoMIA aculeata 288 aquilina 296 aurita 291 avenacea 285 bifida 290 Capensis 292 Caput-serpentis 795 page 581. Page Anomia Cepa 287 Cepa 286, 287, 288 eraniolaris 285 Cranium 294. cruenta 295 cylindrica 291 cymbiformis 291 decollata 292 detruncata 292 dorsata 295 electrica 287 Ephippium 286 flexuosa 285 gryphoides 285 imbricata 289 muricata 289 Nucleus 285 obsoleta 294 patelliformis 290 pectinata 290 picta 295 Placenta 297 psittacea 296 pubescens 293 punctata 288 retusa 292 rosea 287 Rostrum-psittaci 296 rugosa 285 sanguinea 293 sanguinea 295 sanguinolenta 293 scabra 288 scobinata 291 Sella 297 Squama 290 Squamula 286 striata 292,295 striatula 290 sulcata 290 Tabacea 86 Terebratula 294. OL Anomia tridentata truncata Tunica-cepe turbinata undulata ventricosa violacea vitrea Apiarium Chinense Page 296 292 286 286 289 285 287 294: 765 Aporrhais quadvifida 656 ARCA aculeata 935 zquilatera 240 lfra 236 angulata 240 angulosa 240 antiquata 232 barbata 229 barbata 230, 231, 236 bicolorata 230 Campechensis 238 cancellata 230 candida 298 candida 228 carinata 235 caudata 245 complanata 228 concamera 232 concamerata 232 Corbicula 235 Corbula 235 crinita 236 cucullata 232 Cucullus 232 dealbata 298 declivis 238 decussata 259 decussata 241 fluviatilis 245 JSoliata 230 Sossilis 225 fragilis 237 fusca 931 INDEX. Arca Arca Buccinum abbre- ) 587 Susca 227 stellata 242 viatum 5 Glycymeris 241 striata 244 achatinum 494: Glycymeris 242 tenuis 246 = Acicula 652 granosa 233 —‘ tortuosa 225 ~— aciculatum 650 granosa minor 235 —_ tortuosa 226 Acus 649 Helbingit 228 undata 241 adspersum 622 Jamaicensis 228 —-variegata 240 affine 628 imbricata 226 ArGonauTaA arctica 337 alatum 640 imbricata 234 Argo 333 album 967 inequivalvis 235 Argo 334,335 Allium 584 Indica 234 Cornu 337 = Amarula 961 Indie orientalis 234 Cymbium 336 ambiguuni 638 labiata 232 Gondola 335 amethystinum 705 lacerata 229 Haustrum 335 Amplustre 735 lactea 236 _— hians 334 Anglicum 634 lactca 237 ~Navicula 335 = annulatum 620 levigata 237 nodosa 334 Arabicum 565 lata 225 — oryzata 334 Arcularia 603 Magellanica 229 — suicata 333 Arcularia 604 margaritacea %44,215 tuberculata 334 Areola 593 marmorata 241 vitrea 336 Arcola 593, 59-4 Martini rostrata 245 Auricula-Mide 499 Armigerum 612 minuta 245 Avicula Chinensis 321 armillatum 641 Modiolus 831 communis 521 asperum 581 Modiolus 245 Morio 322 Auricula 969 multistriata 244 australe 627 mytiloides 283 Balanus anatiferus 52 australe 585 navicularis 227 ~—S ss Balena 94 — Barbiton 607 Nicobarica 2937 ~~ balanoides 16 Bezoar 630 nivea 930 — clavatus 17 ~=Bezoar 631 Now 226 communis 15 biarmatum 599 Noe 227 ~—« conoides 18 bicostatum _ 618 nodulosa 236 — costatus 18 __ bifasciatum 651 Nucleus 244. —_ crispatus 22 ~~‘ bilineatum 596 nummaria 243 = Cucullus 25 Bornianum 633 ovalis 238 Diadema 24 brunneum 639 ovata 230 _fibresus 26 ~~ bulbosum 631 pallens 240 _fistulosus 17 ~— calcaratum 710 pectinata 239 ~~ galeatus 28 — caniliculatum 581 pectinata 243 hemisphericus 19 ~— cancellatum 608 Pectunculus 238 — intertextus 19 = cancellatum 581 Pectunculus minor 239 levis 15 candidum 618 Pella 237 ~—- maxillaris 23 candidum 644 pellucida 237 ~~ ovatus 25 carinatum 632 Pernula 245 — patelliformis 20 cassideum 598, 600 pilosa 242 ~~ perforatus 18 cassideum strigatum 593 pilosa 243 -porcatus 15 — casstdeum tessel- 595 plicata 227 ~—s punctatus 15, 21 latum 2 pulchella 295 —radiatus 20 cassideumundulatum 595 reticulata 237 rugosus 17 ~— Cassis 598 rhombea 233 — spinosus 22 + Catarracta 622 rhomboidalis 235 spongeosus ’ Q7 caudatum 585 rhomboidea 933 Squamosus 26 caudatum 723 Robet 236 striatus 16,19 chalybeum 648 rostrata 245 sulcatus 15 Chalys 581 Scapha 232, 233 _ testudinarius 25 Chinense 585 Scaphiuncula 233 Tintinnabulum 23,94 _ cicatricosum 597 scripta 243 Veruca 19 ~—ciliatum 633 Senegalensis 236 _ vulgaris 16 ~—cinctum 639 senilis 734 Baphia Mirio 146 ~~ cinereum 648 sinuata 240 Biplex spinosus 692 —cingulatum 619 Buecinum Cithara clathratum Cochlidium Columna commaculatum compositum Concholepas concinnum constrictum cornutum coronatum coronatum costatum costatum crassum crenulatum erinitum crispatum crispatum cruentatum cuspidatum cyaneum decussatum decussatum digitale Digitellus dimidiatum dimidiatum Dolium duplicatum duplicatum Echinophorum Echinophorum edentulum Erinaceus exaratum exile Sasciatum fasciolatum felinum Serrugineum filosum Fimbria flammeum flammeum flumineum fluviatile Foliorum fornicatum fumosum fuscatum Galea Galileum geminum Geversianum gibbosulum gibbum gibbum glaberrimum glabratum glabratum 586, 492, 581, 607 656 627 955 647 612 611 647 628 588 603 615 608 745 618 644: 709 615 707 630 581 623 592 596 646 581 649 645 584 648 650 586 587 581 598 493 626 584. 603 644. 650 614 600 591 625 949 677 602 609 629 748 582 639 645 730 605 602 595 625 621 621 INDE Buccinum glabrum glaciale glaciale novum Glans glaucum glutinosum gracile granosum granulatum hzemastoma Harpa Harpa hastatum Hauritorium Haustorium Haustrum hecticum hepaticum ignave igneum Indicum inflatum insignitum Tris Labyrinthus laciniatum lacunosum leve levigatum Jevissimum lamellatum lamellosum Janceatum Lapillus leucozonias Lima Linea lineatum lividulum lividum longiusculum luteostomum luxurians Lyra lyratum lyratum Macloviense Macula maculatum maculatum maculosum 3585, magnum Mancinella marginatum Mauritii Meles Melongenu Mexicanum Miga minimum minutum Bye xX. 964: 631 623 601 600 971 732 596 594 611 607 730 654 610 610 510 645 604 594 624 629 595 706 741 618 730 618 623 641 623 652 612 649 613 957 636 734 626 581 648 652 612 630 607 635 696 581 638 642 621, 642 596,700 724 707 618 640 599 710 635 639 639 638 608, Buecinum Miran 606 monile 645 Monoceros 610 Monodon 610 morbosum 709 Morio 547 mucronatumn 955 muricinum 730 murinum 650 mutabile 605 mutabile 603 nanum 581, 627 Narval 610 Nassula 637 neriteum 606 neritoideum 706 Nifat 729 nigropunctatum 581 nitidulum 641 nitidulum 606 niveum 636 niveum 581, 651 nodatum 708 nodosum 586 nodulosum 599, 709 Nucleus 625 obliquum 581 obtusum 623 oculatum 642 ocellatum 624 ochroleucum 587 Olearium 582 Orbita 618 Orbita lacunosa 619 Otaheitense 634 palustre 963 pantherina 599 papillosum 601 papillosum 712 papyraceum 634 patulum 609 pennatum 590 Perdix 583 peregrum 966 Persicum 608 pertusum 650 Phallus 651 piceum 735 Piscatorium 640 plicatulum 640 plicatum 588 plicatum 600, 612, 650 plumatum 624 plumbeum 617 Pomum 583 ponderosum 598 porcatum 635 porcatum 595,596, 690 prismaticum 741 prerosum 627 proximatum 645 INDEX Buccinum Buccinum Bulimus Pugio 581 Tahitense 634 Auris Mide Puillus 604 tardum 708 Auris Sileni Pullus 638 Taurinum 643 auritus pullum 590 Ternatanum 738 australis punctatum 533 __ terrestre 652 Avellana punctulatum 581 __ tessellatum 596 = avenaceus pyramidale 614 tessulatum 602 _ bicarinatus pyrozonias 635 —‘Testiculus 591 ~—-bidens Pyrum 616 — testudineum 622 bovinus Pyrum 617 Testudo 607 —_ calcareus radiatum 652 textum 635 citrinus recurvirostrum 597 ~~ 'Thersites 604 -Columna reticulatum 637 ~—s tigrinum 644 coniformis Ricinus 795 ~—-torridum 678 — consolidatus Rudolph 609 torvum 609 — corrugatus rufum 589 Tranquebaricum 629 decollatus rugosum 587 ~—s trifasciatum =—s-581, 594 —distortus rugosum 593 — Tritonis fluviatile 627 Doliolum Rullus 615 _ trochiforme 914 ~— effusus Rumphit 590,596 ‘Trochlea 619 — exaratus rusticum 615 truncatulum 967 = flammeus Saburon 594. Tuba 616 fontinalis Sé. Mauritit 640 tuberculatum 581 — fulvus scabrum 950 tuberosum 590 ~— fuscatus Scevolum 741 Tulipa 600 Fusus Scala 619 turgitum 621 ~— glaber scalare 731 Tyrrhenum 587 Glans scutulatum 622 umbilicatum 617 = glutinosus Senegalicum 596 undatum 632 Guadaloupensis senticosum 709 = undatum 634 hemastomus sertum 615 wndosum 628 —_ hordaceus sinuatum 651 undulatum 595 Hypnorum sinuatum 715 Unicorne 610 interruptus Smaragdulus 615 varicosum 644 inversus solutum 633 varium 616 Kambeul Soni 821 ventricosuin 641 labiosus spadiceum 617 —_—-ventricosum 590 = levus spinosum 738 = Vermis 712 ~~ lepida spiratum 620 verrucosum 605 lineatus squalidum 5841 —-verrucosum 581 ~— lubricus stagnale 962 versicolor 629 Lyonetianus Stercus-pulicum 493 Vibex 600 maculatus stelatum 638 virgatum 732 minutus striatulum 492 + virgineum 652 = monile rm § 495,581, 618 virgineum 491 Mumia ee e ; 633, 955 —-viridulum 633 muricatus strigatum 593 _—-vitiliginosum 700 Muscorum strigatum 492,593 vittatum 646 oblongus strigilatum 647 ~— vittatum 646 octonus strigilatum 647 vulgare 632 Otahettanus strigosum 596,625,629 vulgatum 657,658 ovatus stromboides 581 Zebra 494 Ovulus strumosum 705 Zeylanicum 621 palustris subulatum 643 Bulimus achatinus 494 papillaris subulatum 642 = Acicula 653 — pedipes succinctum 649 acutus 956 = peregrus succinctum 618 Nubecula 452 nubifer 355 Nussatella 417 Nussutella 414,415, 416 417, 418, 419, 420 Nuax-sativa 417 obesus 401 ochroleucus 415 oculatus 353 Omaicus 372 Omaria} 429 ornatus 367 Panniculus 425 Papilio 381 papilionaceus 581 pastinaca 361 Pellis-hyena 364: pennaceus 428 pertusus 421 piperatus 401 planorbis 378 polyzonias 378 Portoricanus 403 Prefectus 416 Prelatus 427 Princeps 368 Princeps 399 Prometheus 366, 582 Proteus 366 pseudo- Thomas 581 pulicarins 400 punctatus 402, 421 puncticulatus 409 puncticulatus 407 punctulatus 409 Conus puncturatus 406 pusillus 407 pusio 412 pyramidalis 424, quercinus 393 radiatus 361 Ranunculus 585 Raphanus 420 Rattus 408 Regina australis 376 regius 368 reticulatus 391 rosaceus 453 roseus 44, rubiginosus 428 rudis 431 Rusticus 387 : § 384,586 Rusticus 2 388, 431 St. Oma 372 St. Thome 372 scabriusculus 406 Senator 378 Senator 379 Siamensis 380 Sinensis 352 Sipmanus 405 solidus 376 Spectrum 434 Spectrum 370,387,431 sponsalis 405 spurius 566 Stercus-culicum 400 Stercus-muscarum 399 Stercus-muscarum 400 401, 402 Stercus-pulicum 400 stramineus 387 striatus 423 striatus 425 strigatus 416 sulcatus 410 Sumatrensis 564 Suratensis 384 teniatus 382 Taitensis 406 tendineus 414. tendineus 415 tenellus 417 Terebellum 414, 417,420 Terebra 420 Terminus 423 tessellatus 358 tessulatus 358 testudinarius 396 testudineus 396 Textile ‘ 424. as 374, 424 Textile ; 426,498 Thome 372 Thome 381 Conus Timorensis 433 Timorensis 417 Tinianus 403 Tribunus 365 Tulipa 434 Tulipa 386 unctus 561 varius 402 varius 375, 376 ventricosus 452 venulatus 397 vermiculatus 399 verrucosus 410 verulosus 419 Vexillum 395 Vexillum 383 Vicarius 353, 371, 373 violaceus 352 Virgo 361 Virgo 358, 389 viridulus 357 Vitellus 390 vittatus 390 Vitulinus 377 vulpinus 378, 579 Zeylanicus 401 zonatus 355 Cornucopia helicina 1081 Cornu Copie - 1081 Cornu Copia mon- i 1081 strosum Crania personata 285 Crassatella gibba 191 Crepidula Porcellana 1019 Cuculleéa auriculifera 232 Cuneus fasciatus 207 foliatus 157 reticulatus 205 truncatus 151 vittatus 150 Cyclas cornea 104. Euphratica 106 Cyclostoma Delphina 850 Cylindrus erythro- i 511 stomus nigellus 513 torosus 490 tigrinus 520 Cypr#a achatina 446 acicularis 462 adusta 453 affinis 470 albida 444 ambigua 456 amethyslea 438 angustata 463 Annoulus 459 Arabica 438 Arabica 439, 463 Arabicula 433 arctica 467 VOL, II. INDEX. Cyprea Argus Arlequina Asellus atomaria Aurantium Aurora badia bifasciata bullata cancellata Caput Serpentis carnea carneola carneola Caurica Caurica Cervus Chinensis Cicercula cincta cinerea cinerea cinnamomea clandestina coccinella conoidea conspurcata corrosa crassa cribraria cruenta cylindrica derosa Dracena dubia erosa Errones Europea exanthema fasciata felina Serruginosa fimbriata flammea flaveola flaveola faminea Sragilis Sfulva gangranosa gibba Globulus guttata helvola Hirundo Histrio Indica Isabella leucogaster leucopis leucostoma 2™M 457, 444, Cyprea limacina 469 lineata 436 livida 464 lota 444 lurida 443 lutea 456 Lynx 450 maculosa 457 Madagascariensis 468 Mappa 458 Margarita 470 Mauritiana 447 miliaris 461 minuta 456 Moneta 458 moniliaris 456 morbillosa 461 Mus 448 nebulosa 441, 447 nivea 466 Nucleus 468 Nucleus 468 obvelata 459 ocellata 464 ochracea 457 ochroleuca 456 oculata 437 olivacea 441, 450, 456 Oniscus 466 Onyx 452 Oryza 466, 469 ovata 446 ovulata 471 Ovum 456 pantherina 449 Pardalis 449 Pediculus 466, 467 plumbea 437 poraria 465 poraria 465 Pulex 466 pulla 453 punctata 458 punctulata 436 purpurascens 436 purpurata 445 pusilla 436 pustulata 469 Pyrum 457 Rattus 441 Regina 447 reticulata 439 Reticulum 447 rubiginosa 463 rufescens 436 rufa 457 sanguinolenta 445 Scurra 452 seriata 449 Siciliana 457 similis 436 INDEX. Cyprea Dentalium Globosa Cymbium 577 sordida 442 octangulatum 1065 =Cnophorum 577 spurca 462 pellucidum 1069 Globulus asper 773,777 squalina 443 politum 1066 = ex vividi, &c. 777 Staphylea 469 Radula 1063 = Indusii 774 stellata 436 rectum 1063s roseus 776 stercoraria 441 sexangulum 1063 Glycymeris argentea 244 Stercus-muscarum 458 striatulum 1065 = ancrassata 49 stolida 462 striatum 1064 oerbicularis 242 stolida 463 striatum 1065 striata 436 ‘Trachea 1068 Haxiorts asinina 1011 subflava 453 _-vitreum 1063 —_ australis 1012 subfuscula 448 Dolium Galea 582 __bistriata 1010 succincta 454 Donaxargentea 148,244 Cracherodii 1013 sulcata 466 __ bicolor 148 — gigantea 101% tabescens 463 candida 156 ~— glabra 1011 Talpa 442 _—_—castanea 152 Guineensis 1008 tenella 465 complanata 150 = imperforata 1014 teres 445 crenulata 151 = Iridis 1013 testudinaria 440 —_—cuneata 153 Tris 1013 tigrina 449 cuneata 155 marmorata 1011 Tigris 449 denticulata 151 Mide 1008 tortilis 473 + Faba 155 = nuevosa 1012 translucens 436 grandis 149 ovina 1013 trifasciata 447 incarnata 153. parva 1014 turbinata 447 — Irus 156 —perversa 1008 undata 445 levigata 154 — plicata 1008 undata 454 levigata 150 _— pulcherrima 1008 undulata 445 muricata 155 ruber 1012 Ursellus 455 plebeja 152 ~— rugoso-plicata 1012 Vanelli 443 pubescens 148 striata 1010 variolaria 461 ‘radiata 155 _—_— tuberculata 1009 variolosa 457 rugosa 149 varia » 1010 nenerea 447 Scortum 148 —-virginea 1009 Ventriculus 446 — scripta 154 ~~ vulgaris 1009 vinosa 436 Serra 149 Harpa cancellata 608 virescens 457 spinosa 153 —_-ventricosa 607 Vitellus 448 straminea 156 Hetix achatina 489 Voluta 527 ~_—s striata 151 = acicula 678 Zebra 437 Trunculus 150 ~— aculeata 916 zic-zac 454 acuta 956 zonaria 455 Eburna flavida 1092s acuta 957 zonata 454 Elenchus Iris 807 Agophthalmos 892 Emarginula conica 1054 affinis 887 Dentale vulgare 1066 Ephippium Angli- Q 297 Afra 886 DENTALIUM annu- 24063 canum § alba 909 latum § parvum 297 albelia 890 aprinum 1064 albella 911 arcuatum 1064, Fasciolaria Tulipa 729 albicans 965 arietinum 1066 Fissurella radiata 1060 ~— albina 891 corneum 1066 Fistulana clava 1090 ~—s- Algira 892 Dentalis 1065 Cornicula 1087 Amarula 960 eburneum 1066 = gregata 1090 ambigua 973 elephantinum 1063 _ lagenula 1090 ambigua 816 Entalis 1065 Fusus brevis 736, 758 ampullacea 917 fasciatum 1067 = carnarius 737 ~~ ampullacea 918, 919 Sossile 1063 = crassus 737 angularis 941 Gadus — 1067 Islundicus 735 annulata 896 glabrum 1068 longicaudus 717 ~—s aperta 946 imperforatum 1067 longirostratus 655 Arbustorum 924 mmierruptum 1063 Maroccensis TAL arenaria 938 . Minutum 1068 tenerrimus 718 arenaria 839 nebulosum 1063. ~—-ventricosus 655 aspera 950 INDEX. 2m2 Helix Helix Helix aspersa 943° crassa 908 Guadaloupensis 957 ater 951 crenata 950 Gualteriana 905 atra 885 crenata 906 Guineensis 929 atrata 966 —_crenella 909 hemastoma 944 aurea 936 = crenulata 895 hematragus 944 auricularia 969 crepuscularis 929 _haliotoidea 973 auricularia 965,966 — eretacea 927,957 — haliotoidea 971 Auris Mide 499 cristata 883 Hispana 930 Auris Jude 500 — crocea 862 hispida 915 Auris Malchi 501 _—_erystallina 909 hispida 895 Avellana 905 curvata 962 holosericea 914. badia 928 cuspidata 949 __ hortensis 942, 943 Balthica 972 — cylindracea 862 hyalina 893 Barbara 960 cylindracea acuta 934 Jamaicensis 938 bidens 874 Danubialis 961 ianthina 938 bidentata 790 decollata 947 = incarnata 894 bifasciata 956 ~~ decollata 947,948 — incisa 924 Bontia 934 = decollata nigra 947 incumbens 955 bulloides 488 depressa 883 indistincta 888 caerulescens 885 detrita 957 inflata 967 calcarea 948 detrita 958 interrupta 937 calcaria 948 dextra 936 — inversa 937 Canalis 968 dissimilis 941 Involvulus 890 candida 893 dojabrata 811 tsognomostomos 899 Cantiana 894 =effusa 919 — Itala 929 caperata 896 elegans 789 Kambeul 932 carinata 882, 896 _— elegantissima 856 — labiosa 934. carinula 956 Epistylium 926 _—_labiosa 840 Carocolla 901 Erica 911 Labyrinthus 899 Carocolla 901 + Ericetorum 910 Lackhamensis 955 Cartusiana 943 — erubescens 502 —ilactea 945 Carychium 880 _ exilis 893 Lacuna 917 castanea 923 explanata 890 leva 935 cellaria 913, extensa 922 levigata 971 Cepa 901 Faba 906 _leevipes 893 cicatricosa 888. fasciata 940 levissima 791 cincta 921 fascicularis 852 Lampas 901 cinerea 885 flammea 932 lapicida 887 cingenda 911 ~— fluviatilis 959 Lanschaurica 959 circinata 867 ~—- Folliculus 885 leucas 893 citrina 922 ~~‘ fontana 898 _ ligata 920 coccinea 885 _ fontinalis 963 limbata 897 Columna 955 fossaria 964 limosa 966 compactilis 940 fragilis 963 _ limosa 970 complanata 897 ~—s fragilis 963 lineata 912 consolidata 947 + Fruticum 25 Lituus 889 contorta 908 = fulgida 821 Lituus brevis 889 contorta-plicata 951 —fulva 925 —_ lubrica 952 contraria 937 fusca 946 Lucana 924 Cookiana 926 ~~ fuscata 951 Lucena 924 coriacea 885 fuscescens 947 Lucerna 900 cornea 906 =—- Fusulus 862 lucida 912, 913 Cornu 888 Fusus 861 Lucorum 943 Cornu Arietis 910 Gallina Sultana 920 Lucorum 944 Cornu Arietis 907 = gigantea 902 ~— lugubris 950 Cornu giganteum 888 glabra 964 Lusitanica 929 Cornu militare 902 ~~ glauca 918 Jutaria 930 Cornu Venatorium 910 Globulus 923 Jutea 969 corrugata 903 glutinosa 970 Lychnucus 900 Corvus 962 Gothica 904 Lychnus 900 costata 915 grisea 943 Luyonetiana 959 Helix maculata maculosa mammillaris marginata marginella marmorata maxima media melanotragus minima minuta Mitra muralis Muscorum ne@via nana nautileus nemoralis nemorensis neritoides neritoidea nitens nitida nitida nivea Nucleus oblonga ‘obscura obtusata obversa obvoluta octanfracta octona octona Oculus Capri Oculus Capri 390, 949 902 930 887 887 488 918 912 944 914 879 961 885 878 504, 896 907 882 941 997 946 972 912 912 339 928 885 931 953 943 905 914 954. 954 653, 954 889 892 Oculus communis 919 Olivetorum 892 opaca 967 Otaheitana 935 Otis 899 ovalis 931 ovata 951 ovipara 931 pallida B95 paludosa 909 palustris 963 Papilla 926 papillaris 873 paradoxa 816 Pella 956 PellisSerpentis 903 pellucida 947 pellucida 913 peregra 965 peregra 965 peregrina 954 perspicua 972 perversa ; sue an pervia 790 INDEX. Helix petrea picta pileata Pileus Pisana piscinalis planata Planorbis Planorbis 890, 897, Planorbis margi- Q natus plicaria plicata plicata polita polygyra polygyrata Pomaria Pomatia Priamus Priapus pudica pulchella pulla punctata Punctura Pupa purpurea pusilla putris putris Pyrum Pythia quadridens radiuta Rapa recta repanda Rhenana Rhodia ringens rosacea rotundata rufescens rufescens scabra scabra scalaris Scarabzeus Sepium sericea serpuloides Sicula similis sinistra sinuata sinuata sinuosa, solida spadicea spherica 5 881, 903, 899, 820 945 933 933 911 852 896 896 904. 890 949 899 918 892 908 908 920 920 494. 494 502 916 938 899 838 960 885 852 965 966 955 886 879 891 923 937 968 890 939 898 921 891 895 885 G04 950 921 885 957 895 884 970 907 936 899 900 900 627 885 968 Helix Spinosa spinulosa spirorbis splendidula stagnalis stagnalis Stagnorum Stagnorum striata striata striatula strigata strigosula subcylindrica substriata subulata succinea sulcata Sultana tenella tenera tentaculata tenuis Terebella teres terrestris tornata tricarinata tridens trifasciata trigonostoma trochiformis trochoides Trochulus Trochus truncata truncatula tumida turbinata Turbo Turcica turgida turrita crenulata Turturum Ulve umbilicaris umbilicata umbilicata undata undata undulata ungulina unidentata unifasciata Urceus © varica variegata ventricosa venusta vermiculata versicolor 952, 896, 940, Helix Vertigo 880 Vibex 950 virgata 912 vitrea 919 vitrea 838 vittata 9L7 vivipara 939 Volvulus 889 Vortex 904 zonaria 927 zonaria 911, 912 Hippopodus semior- Q 217 biculatus § Hippopus maculatus 215 Hyalea cornea 296 Hyale tridentata 296 Tanthina fragilis 938 Isocardia globosa 212 Moltkiana 213 Lampas Psittacea 296 LeEPAs anatifera 32 anatiferu 31 angustata 18 anserifera 30 aurita 34 Balanus 14 Balanus 15 balenaris 25 balanoides 16, 19 balanoides 16, 17 borealis 17 Calceolus 28 cariosa 26 clavata 17 conoides 17 Cornubiensis 15 Cornucopie 29 costata 18 crispata 22 cylindrica 23 dentata 32 denticulata 1050 Diadema 24. dilata 31 dorsalis 33 elongata aly fascicularis 31 galeata 27 hemispherica 19 levis 15 membranacea 53 Midas 34 minor 21 Mitella 29 ovalis 18 palmipes 21 patellaris 19 pellucens 34 pollicipes 29 INDE X. Lepas porcata porosa Psittacus punctatus purpurascens radiata rugosa Scalpellum Scotica serrata spinosa spongeosa spongeosus striata striata Stromia suleata testudinaria Tintinnabulum tracheaformis trachealis Tulipa Tulipa alba Verruca villosa violacea vittata Ligula prismatica substriata Lima aspera Squamosa tenera Limax Anguis aureus échinatus Porphyrites Smaragdus staminea undulatus vittatus Lingula anatina Lobaria quadriloba Lucina Jamaicensis Luiraria elliptica solenoides Lymnea stagnalis MActTRA achatina /Egyptiaca alba Boysli cinerea complanuta compressa corallina cuneata ‘cygnea Cygnus dealbata fragilis glabrata 919 323 ATT 1092 146 147 962 139 145 145 145 159 146 142 137 135 134: 154 144 144. 136 Mactra glauca grandis helvacea hiaos inflata lactea Listeri lutraria lutraria maculata minutissima Nicobarica nitida oblongata papyracea pellucida piperata planata plicataria polita procera radiata , rotundata rugosa rugosa, Indee orientalis solida solida solidissima Spengleri Spengleri striata striatula Stultorum Stultorum subtruncata subtruncata tenuis triangularis - truncata tumida turgida violacea violucea australis vitrea Malleus vulgaris Mamma Veneris Marginella glabella Melania Amarula Meretrix labiosa Mitra adusta archicpiscopalis aurantiaca Caffra cardinalis casta Conulus Cornicula coronata corrugata coatellaris 144 Mitra crenifera 542 crenulata 525 crocata 544 cucumerina 535 Dactylus 522 episcopalis 560 fasciata 554 fenestrata 522 Serruginea 553, 557 filosa 540 Jissurata 541 granatina 542 granulosa 544 harpifera 552 lacitea 539 lumbifera 552 lutescens 539 melaniana 553 Melongena 549 mricrozonias 557 millepora 559 muriculata 535 nexilis 541 olivaria 558 papalis 560 putriarchalis 535 plicaria 550 pontificalis 561 puncticuluta 559 retusa 534. Sanguisuga 546 scabriuscula 542 seutulata 553 serpentina 557 spherulata 542 stigmataria 546 striatula 541 subdivisa 548 subulata 543 teniata 550 tessellata 548 texturata 523 Tringa 538 versicolor 558 Vulpecula 548 Zebra 534 Modiola Americana 314 discrepans 319 Gibsiz 315 Papuana 314 Monodonta Labio 792 Moréx accinetus 624 Adansoni 750 adversus 758 Afer 680 affinis 680 Africanus 708 alatus 715 Aluco 749 Aluco 749, 751, 752 alucoidées 751 INDEX. Murex Amplustre 735 angulatus 744 angustus 718 annularis 753 ansatus G17 antiquus 724 antiquus 726, 727 Anus 703 Anus 704 Arausiacus 563 arenosus 746 Argus 694. Argus 735 Aruanus 723 Aruanus 725 asper 755 asper 716 asperrimus 739 atratus 751 attenuatus 742 australis 712 Babylonius 714 Babylonius 713, 715 Bamffius 742 Brandaris 683 Brandaris 685 Bubo 694. bufonius 693 calcaratus 710 campanicus 680 canaliculatus 721 canaliculatus 722 cancellatus 537, 680, 709 candidus 680, 717 candisatus 699 cantinelosus 562 Carica 722 carinatus 725 cariosus 712 carnarius 737 caudatus 701 Cichoreum 690 cinctus 561 cingulatus 756 clandestinus- 723 clathratus 730 Clava 750 Clavator 701 clavatulus 713 Cochlear ebeninum 752 Cochlidium 790 Cochlidium 720 Columbarium 738 Jolus 716 Colus 716, 717 Colus Nicobaricus 717 Colus monstrosus 717 conditus 699 Consul 711 contrarius 724 corneus 733 Murex cornutus 685 Corona 752 Corona Mexicana 732 coronatus 749 costatus 743 costalus 552, 680, 696 crassus 692 craticulatus 740 cutaceus 697 cutaceus maximus 697 decollatus 759 decussatus 688 despectus 726 despectus 724, 725 diaphanus 690 Dolarium 733 dubius 716 ebeninus 752 eburneus 680 elegans 745 Erinaceus 699 fasciatus 677, 689 Femorale 696 fenestratus 716 Ficus 722 Fiscellum 731 Sluviatilis 754 foliaceus minor 730 foliatus 687 fornicatus 75 Sossilis 680 Fucus 706 fuscatus 752 Suscatus 755 Suscus 753 Susiformis 680 Fusus 655 gibbosus 713 gibbulus 736 Gigas 659 Glomus cereus 696 gracilis 742 granularis 680 grapulatus » 756 granulatus 756 Granum 72L Gyrinus 693 Gyrinus 695 Harpa 741 Haustellum 680 hexagonus 757 Hippocastanum 707 Eippocastanum 705,708 709, 710 Hystrix 706 Javanus 714 Javanus 715 incrassatus 638 Infundibulum 739 Lslandicus 735 Jacerus 708 Murex levigatus Jamellosus Lanipas Lancea Larva Eruce lignarius lignarius lignosus Lima linearis lineatus Lingua literatus Loco longissimus Lotorium Lotorium luteostomus lyratus maculatus maculosus Magellanicus Magellanicus Mancinella marginatus marginatus Maroccensis melanomathos Melongena Melongena miliaris minimus niinutissimus Moega Moluccanus 696, Monachus Capu- i cinus morbosus Morio Motacilla Mulus muricatus Nassa Nebula Nerei neritoideus neritoideus niveus nodatus nodulosus Nodus Obeliscus Olearium Olearium 654, 698, Pardalis Parthenopus Perron perversus Pes Struthio-ca- : melt pileare 680 730 694 718 753 734 735 680 680 745 754 688 757 680 717 698 699 565 696 700 699 725 730 707 755 742 741 686 710 710 685 813 746 706 757 687 709 719 681 704 746 734 742 728 706 704 680 708 680 705 747 695 699 740 696 739 724 711 698 INDEX. Murex planatus 619 plicatulus 748 plicatus 708, 732 plicatus 750 polygonus 736 Pomum 685 prismaticus 741 proximus 744 pugilinus 737 Purpura alata 687 Purpura scabra 685 purpureus 745 Pusio 728 Pyrum 700 Pyrwn 707 Radix 686 Radula 754 ramosus 686 ramosus 688 Rana 691 Rana 692 Rapa 631 rapiformis 630, 631 reticularis 703 reticulatus 758 Ricinus 704 Rosarium 684 Rubecula 702 Rubeta 695 rufus 744 TUZOSUS 641 rusticus 615 Sacellum 691 Sacrificator 568 saxatilis 689 Scala 731 scolopaceus 677, 752 Scolopax 681 Seolymus 737 Scorpio 689 scriptus 747 Scrobiculator 702 Scrobilator 702 semilunaris 680 Senegalensis 683 senticosus 709 septangularis 744 septem-angulatus 744 serratus 755 Sinensis 747,754,755 sinuosus 745 sordidus 675 Spengleri 700 spinosus 692 Spirillus 721 stramineus 711 striatulus 717 striatus 690 strigilatus 648 strombiformis 652 subantiquatus 726 Murex subulatus 759 sulcatus 757 sulcatus 615 Syracusanus 739 Taxus 713 Terebellu 754 Ternatanus 738 tornatus 715 torulosus 753 Trapezium 735 Trapezium 736 triacanihus 680 TYribulus 682 Tribulus 682 Tribulus duplicatus 682 Tribulus maximus 682 trigonus 680 tripterus 688 Tripus 697 triqueter 688 Tritonis 727 Tritonis 728 Tritonium australe 728 truncatus 743 Truncnlus 684 Trunculus 685 Trunculus per- versus : 684 Tuba 720 tubercularis 758 tuberculatus 5541, 675 tuberosus 749 Tulipa 729 Turricula 744 Turris 715 Turris australis 715 Turris coronata 713 Tuwrris virginea 714 uncinatus 751 undatus 732 undatus 717 undulatus 680 varicosus 702 verrucosus 719 versicolor 718 versicolor 687 Vertagus 748 Vespertilio 737 Vexillum 551 virgatus 732 virgineus 714 vulpinus 728 Zebrula 541 Muriciformis granatus : 430" Radia 631 trifoliatum 630 Mya anatina 44 angustata 50 anserifera 65 arctica 69 Mya arenaria 2 australis 1414 Batava 49 bidentata., 45 byssifera 304 complanata 51 convexa 43 corrugata 52 corrugata magna 3 crassa 51 declivis 45 decussata 46 depressa 50 distorta 45 dubia $04 edeutula 48 ferruginosa 46 Gadiiana 142 globosa 44 Glycymeris 41 Hispanica 142 ineauivalvis 55 labiata 55 margaritifera 52 membranacea 48 Nicobarica 44 nitens 47 nitida 48 nodosa 54 nodulosa 52 Norwegica 48 Nove Zelandie 144 oblonga 147 ovalis 49, 50 ovata 50 Perna 512 pholadia S04 picea 49 Pictorum 49 Pictorum 49 Pictorum tenuis 51 ponderosa 51 prismatica 47 pretenuis 43 pubescens 43 purpurea 46 radiata 51 rhomboidea 53, 1091 rostrata 45 rugosa 53 Siliqua 49 spuria 55 suborbicularis 55 substriata 47 syrmatophora 54 truncata 42 variabilis 53 Vulsella 56 MytTitus Afer 310 Africanus 310 Ala Corvi 322 INDEX. Mytilus » albus ambiguus anatinus anatinus arborescens argenteus aristatus ater Avonensis azureus barbatus bidens bilocularis brunneus Camellii cunaliculus cinnamominus cilrinus confusus Cor coralliophagus cordatus crenatus Crista Galli curtus curvirostratus cygneus decussatus demissus discors discors discrepaus dubius durus edulis edulis elongatus exustus exustus Faba fasciatus flavicans fluviatilis Frons fucatus fulgidus fascus Hirundo Hirundo 321, Hyotis illitus impactus ancurvatus levigatus lanatus latus lineatus Lingua lithophagus Magellanicus mammarius 310, 299 3504 317 517 306 299 3035 299 317 299 314 3135 507 306 523 299 303 231 3512 3529 305 39 308 299 315 314 315 520 514 319 520 319 318 311 309 311 312 3508 251 320 299 231 516 301 317 299 506 520 322 300 316 320 309 311 320 311 313 3522 303 313 299 Mytilus margaritiferus S61 margaritiferus 302 Meleagridis 321 Modiolus SAL Morio 322 murinus 299 Nicobaricus 307 niger 309 niveus 307 ornatus 306 pellucidus 310 Perna 312 Persicus 299 Pholadis 304 pholadius 304 pictus 299, 310 plicatus 306 plicatus 318 polymorphus 299 precisus 305 puniceus 313 purpureus 299 radiatus 302 radiatus S15 roseus 299 Rostrum 522 ruber 318 rugosus 304 rusticus 514 saxatilis 3il smaragdinus 312 stagnalis Si6 striatulus S08 striatus ga oL5 testuceus 312 umbilicatus 314 undatus 299 Unguis 30% ungulatus 310 ungulatus 311 ungulinus 310 variegatus 311 versicolor 311 virgatus 311 viridis 310 viridis Chinensis 311 vulgaris 307 vulgaris 309 Zellensis 516 Nassa Arcularia 603 Natica Canrena 975 Navutitus Balthicus 342 Beccarii 542 Belemnita 358 bicarinatus 549 Calcar 340 Calear 340 carinatulus 346 costatus 348 crassulus 343 Nautilus crassus umbilicatus crispus crista depressulus Jarctus Fascia Granum Helicites inzequalis jugosus lacustris levigatulus Legumen linearis Lituus Lituus lobatulus obliquus Orthocera perversus Pompilius Pompilius Radicula Raphanistram Raphanus rectus rotatus rugosus scrobiculatus Semilituus Siphunculus Spengleri Spicula spinulosus Spirula subarcuatilis subarcnatus umbilicatulus umbilicatus unguiculatus NERITA aculeata aculeuta adusta nis Pivicilis Ala Papilionis Albumen Ampullacea angularis Antillarum arachnoidea Ascensionis aterrima atra atrata aurita australis bidens bidens bifasciata cancellata YOL. II. 339 541 882 541 544: 549 348 338 350 347 359 341 350 351 346 546 343 347 338 342 538 359 348 347 547 351 340 344 339 346 350 545 345 349 345 346 349 343 344, 546 991 754 930 975 998 976 984. 917 941 997 983 1000 997 676 996 677 975 991 992 995 978 INDEX. Nerita Canrena 975 Canrena 976, 978 candidissima 982 Chamzleon 1003 clathrata 975 contorta 951 cornea 987 cornea 988 Corona 986 costata 1002 cruentata 982 dilute-rufescens 980 dissimilis 941 diversicolor 1000 dubia 990 eburnea 982 effusa 919 elegans 864 Exuvia 1005 Exuvia 999 Sfasciata 940 flammea 1002 flavescens 992 fluviatilis 988 fluviatilis 993 Forskalit 980 fulgurans 1006 fulminea 981 glaucina 978 glaucina 979 globosa 980 grossa 1005 grossa 1002 hieroglyphica 995 Histrio 999 intricata 978 Islandica 975 Jaculator 968 Lubeo 865 lactaria 1000 lacustris 989 lacustris 988 Larva 996 leucozonias 980 Licinia 864 ligata 865 lineata 1001 lineata 677 litterata 995 littoralis 989 littorea 817 tunulata 865 maculata 977 Magdalene 987 Malaccensis 1006 Mammilla 984 Mammilla 985 marginata 990 Maris-rubri 1006 Maroccana 983 Marochiensis 983 2N Nerita maxima 998 melanosloma 930 minuta 964 nigerrima 996 nigervima 997 Nigva 995 nitida 985 Nux Avellane 906 orientalis 982 pallidula 986 Papilla 985 parva 984 Pellis tigrina 977 Peloronta 997 pennata 977, 994 perversa 975 Pica 1001 Piperina 995 ” piseinalis 852 plexa 998 plicata 1000 polita 994, porce}lana 1019 Promontorit 1004 pulligera 990 punctata 981 punctata 677, 976 Pupa 991 pusilla 852 quadricolor 4005 Radula 987 rubella 990 rufa 980 rufa 980 rugosa 982 TUgoso-granosa 978 Senegalensis 996 spadicea 980 sphaerica 968 Stella 1004. Stercus-muscarum 976 striata 1002 subfulva 982 sulcata 978 tessellata 1006 textilis 999 tricolor 1000 Trochus 790 tuberculata 950 turrita 9935 umbilicata 981 undata 1904 undulata 1005 Urceus 918 valvata 885 variegata 1001 versicolor 1001 violacea 1018 virginea 993 viridis 992 Vitellus 97 Nerita : vittata 985 vivipara 939 Zebra 977 2tkh-zak 981 Nodulus lugubris 775 Nuculu margaritacea 244 Obdcliscus Chinensis 747 Oliva acuminata 518 angulata 516 bicingulata 515 Brasiliana 516 Brasiliensis 516 carneola 520 cingulata 517 convidalis 519 eburnea 519 elegans 512 episcopalis 512 erythrostoma 511 Sabagina 515 flammulata 513 Fulminans 513 funebralis 512 guitata 514 hiatula 519 arisans 512 Aspidula 513 leucophea 515 luteola 518 Maura 512, 513 mustelina 512 nana 521 Oriola 513 Oryza 522 porphyrea 510 sanguinolenta 512 sepulturalis 513 subulata 518 tessellata 520 textilinea 512 tigrina 515 tremulina 511 tricolor 512 undata 515 Utriculus 517 Operculatum leve 1053 Orbicula Norwegica 286 Orthocera Raphanoides 347 OstTREA aculeata 260 alata 283 anatina 274. annulata 247 anonyme 257 arata 247 arborea 278 aspera 254 aurantia 24:7 bullata 270 carinata 266 cinnabarina 256 INDEX. Ostrea citrina coarctata conspersa Cornu-copie erassa crenata crenulata Cristagalli cristata crocea eucullata decemradiata demissa denticulata depressa diluviana dubia edulis edulis elegans elongata Ephippium exalbida excavata exotica JSarcta fasciata figurata Flabellum flammea Slavescens flavicans florida Folium fornicata Forskalii tragilis Frons Fuci Susca gibba glabra glacialis glacialis glaciata guttata hians hians histrionica hybrida Hyotis Jacobea Japonica imbricata incarnata inflata innominata Islandica Isognomon lzevis Laurentii Q71, 2 Ostrea Legumen 2853 Lima 270 lineata 266 lutea 267 maculata 265 maculosa 253 Magellanica 250 Malleus 272 maxima 247 media 959 niiniata 262 minuta 949 modesta QAT muricata 260 mustelina 260 mytiloides 247 nodosa 954 nodulosa 954 Nucleus 267 obliterata 258 obliterata 250 obsoleta 265 ochroleuca 260 opercularis 265 orbicularis 278 Ovalis 280 palliata 254 Pallinm 253 papyracea 247, 281 parasitica 274, 278 pellucens 257 Perna 281 Pes Felis 255 Pes Lutrz 252 picta 285 picta 253 plana 267 Pleuronectes 250 piica 252 plicata 275 plicatula 275 porphyrea 260 principalis 247 Proteus 265 punctata 260 purpurea 277 pusilla 261 Pusio 261 pyxidata 268 radiata 266 Radula 251 regia 253 Regula 273 retusa 247 Rhizophora 278 Trosed 252 rostrata 276 rostrata 274, 276, 277 sagrinata 271, 272 sanguinea 259 _ sanguinea 256, 257 Ostrea sanguinolenta sauciata scabra semiaurita semiaurita seminuda senatoria Senevgalensis septemradiata sericéu Sinensis sinuosa solaris spondyloidea spondyloides squamata squamosa stellata striata striatula subrotunda subrufa sulcata sulcata sulphurea tenuis tigerina torta Tranquebarica triradiata tuberculata turgida undata Valentini varia versicolor violacea Virginica vitrea vitrea cittata vulgare Vulsella ziezac Ovula acicularis birostris carnea costellata gibbosa hordacea oviformis Spelta triticea werPUCOSA Volva Palliolum Pallium ducale Lorenziana Porphyrewm Sannionis 260, 258, 260, 56, 253 261 271 Z8L 281 247 256 279 247 275 275 262 264 280 247 247 257 276 289 249 253 266 255 268 259 269 258 247 267 264 269 268 267 Q47 260 266 247 277 263 263 247 280 273 249 AT 4 AT 4. 475 A473 476 ATA 472 A475 AT 4 475 473 261 253 249 260 255 INDEX. Pallium Senatsris 256 variegatum 254, Padollus scalaris 1014 Pandora margaritacea 86 Paphia undulata 200 Patera aculeata 1020 Afra 1046 albida 1017 ambigua 1053 anomala 286 angulosa =) 81023 antiquata 1035 apertura 1055 areolata 1048 atricapilia 1057 Auricula 1017 auricularia 1017 auriculata 1017 Barbadensis 1058 barbara 1025 barbara 1025 bimaculuta 1043 ceca 1052 carulata 1042 cerulea 1053 carulea 1045 Caffira 1059 Calyptra 1036 cancellata 1047 Carthaginensis 1031 Cassida 1037 caudata 1054 Chinensis 1017 chlorosticta 1028 cilrina 1032 Cochlear 1034 cochleata 1036 ceca 1052 compressa 1045 Concholepas 611 crenata 1030 Crepidula 1021 cristata 536 cruciata 1051 Cypria 1025 Cypria 1026 deaurala 1029. depressa 1033 equestris 1015 equesiris 1016 ferruginea 1029 Fissura 1054 Fissura reticulata 1055 fissurata 1055 Fissurella 1055 flammea 1048 JSlwiatilis 1041 fornicata 1019 Sornicata 1020 fulva 1053 fusca 1047 2N2 Patella fusco-lutea 104.0 Goreensis 1020 Greca 1056 Greca 1057 granatina 1027 granatina 1027 granularis 1027 granularis 1027 grisea 1038 Hungarica 1034 Jamaicensis 1047 Jamaicensis 1058 incisa 1054 Indica 1049 intorta 1037 Tslandica 1032 laciniosa 1021 lacustris 1041 lacustris 1042 laevigata 4049 levis 1043 Larva reticulata 1057 Lepas 611 leucopleura 1039 Jugubris 10352 Lusitanica 1046 lutea 1040 lutea 1040 Macroschisma 1062 Magellanica 1030, 1048 mammillaris 10358 margaritacea 1025 margaritaria 1029 melanogramma 1029 melanoleuca 1039 militaris 1035 miniata 1051 Mitrula 1035 monopis 1022 Neptuni 1016 neritoidea 1018 nimbosa 1066 nimbosa 1059 nivea 1035 Noachina 1055 nodosa 1058 notata 1050 Nubecula 1061 oblonga 1042 octoradiata 1039 Oculus 1023 ornata 1029 parva 1052 pectinata 1039 pectinata 1037 Pectunculus 1037 pellucida 1042 pellucida 1045 pentagona 1026 perforata 1058 perversa 1041 Patella piecolissima 1042 picta 1060 pileata 1059 Pileolus 1059 Pileus Morionis 1035 plicaria 1022 plicata 1022 porcellana 4019 porcellana 1021 porphyrozonias 1061 punctala 1050 punctulata 1050 Pustula 1056 radians 1044 radiata 1031 radiata 1044, 1045, 1047 repanda 1024 reticulata 1051 reticulata 1057 rosea 1061 Rota 1044 rustica 1046 saccharina 1023 sanguinolenta 103514. Scatellum 41059 Scutum deauratum 1029 Sinensis 1017 Sinensis 1017 Sinica 10535 spinosa 1058 stellata 1047 stellifera 1047 Surinamens!s 1050 Tectum 1016 tenuis 1024 tenuissima 1024. tessellata 1052 testudinalis 104.5 testudinaria 1044. testudinaria 1045 tigrina 1028 Tranquebarica 1038 tricarinata 1039 tricosta 4039 trochbiformis 1018 trochiformis 1018 trochoides 10:8 tuberculata 1033 Ulyssiponensis 1031 Umbdeila 1051 umbellata 1055 Umbraculum 1053 Ungarica 1034 Unguis 322, 1056 virgata £045 virginea 1052 vitellina 1049 vulgaris 1032 _ vulgata 1032 Pecten aurisicunus 259 bullatus 270 Pera venatoria INDE X. Pecten corallinus 254 Danicus 264. disconveniens 265 discors. 265 distortus 262 domesticus 258 exoticus 259 fragilis 269, 270 gibbosus 268 glaher 263, 265 glaberrimus 258 Jacobi 248 Jacobeus 248 inflatus 269 Islandicus 256 levis 264 lineatus 266 mMuximMus 248 monotis 961 obsoletus 263 opercularis 266 parvus 263 Pes Felis 255 pictus 266 Pleuronectes 250 plicatus 252 Prsio 262 Radula 271 reticulatus 259 rubicundus 267 sanguineus 259 solaris 264. striatus 258 subauriculutus 270 subrufus 266 sulphureus 259 tigerinus 258 varius 961 vulgaris 248 ziezac 249 Pectunculus ca- pillaceus § a crassus 177 depressior 97 fasciatus 160 glaber 178 membrunaceus 166 rigidus 164 striatulus 168 strigatus 164 subauritus 238 truncatus 167 Vetuia 159 Pedalion Ephippium 283 Isognomon 282 Perna 281 torta 282 Pedum spondyloides 280 Penicillus Javanus 1085 Nove Zealandie 1084 251, 252 Perna Ephippium Tranquebarensis Petricola costata sulcata Philine quadripar- tita Puotas bifrons Campechensis candida Chiloensis cordata costata crenulutus crispata Dactylus Dactylis Faba falcata hians hians muricata orientalis pusilla parva striata striata Teredula Pinna aculeato- Q squamosa adusta bullata bicolor earnea digitiformis exusta fragilis Gigas haud ignobilis incurva incurvata inflata ingens levis lobata lubrica marina muricata murigata nebulosa nigra nigricans nobilis nobilis papyracea pectinata pectinata Pernula rigida rotundata rudis rudis saccata 324, 326, 396, 529 327 327 3351 327 327 597 329 324. 325 331 INDE X. Piona Serpula sanguinea 524 contortuplicata 1076 squamosa 329 cornea 1075 tenera 351 Cornucopie 1081 Unguis 322 ~— corrugata 1075 Vexillum 529 decussata 1082 vitrea 330 denticulata 1083 Placuna Ephippium 297 echinata 1080 Placenta 297 erecta 1085 Planorbis albus 909 filograna 1070 Arietis 910 ~— gigantea 1085 Bulla 487 gigantea 1087 carinatus 897 —_ glomerata 1077 contortus 908 Goreensis 1077 contrarius 910 —_ granulata 1074 gelatinus 489 helicina 1081 imbricatus 882 heterostropha 1075 nitidus 3539 incurvata 1071 Purpura 907 Infundibulum 1070 similis 907 _— intestinalis 1070 sptrorbis 907 _—tntiotina 1078 turritus 488 __ intricata 1073 umbilicatus 897 —lobata 344 wmbilicatus, §c. 890,896 lucida 1075 Vortex 904 —lumbricalis 1077 Plicatula gibbosa 210 lumbricalis 1078, 1081 Pleurotoma Babylonica7i4 —_Melitensis 1070 Porcellana Gibber 441 minuta 1072 trifasciata 44d. muricata 1080 Pterocera Lambis 658 Nautiloides 344 Pugil tricornis 662 wnebulosa 1076 Pupa Uva 861 Norwegica 1070 Purpura foliata 687 oblonga 1074 Histrix 682 | Ocrea 1084 Persica 609 _ ovals 1070, 1074 pomiformis 685 Penis 1083 Purpura Tribulus 682 perforata 1083 Pyramidella dolabrata 811 _ planorbis 1074 Pyrula Ficus 485 polythalamia 1087 Pyxis sulcata 268 porrecta 1072 proboscidea 1084 Rana aculeata 692 _protensa 1085 aspera 691 pyramidalis 1070 crassa 652 —reflexa 1075 Rostellaria subulata 655 — reversa 1083 Seminulum 1070 Sacellum Chinense 769 — sinistrorsa 1072 Sanguinolaria rosea 67 —‘ Spirillum 1072 Scalaria conica 853 spirorbis 1073 Scarabaus Imbrium 886 _ Stellaris 1070 Serputa Afra 1079 ~— subrotund« 1071 anguina 1080 — sulcata 1074 anguina 1080 Teredo 1089 annularis 1081 _ triquetra 1073 Aquaria 1083 — tubularia 1083 arenaria 1078 ~~ vermicularis 1082 arenaria 1087 —-vitrea 1075 cancellata 1074 WVolvox 1079 carinata 1074 Sigaretus haliotot- } gz. Cereolus 1071 deus Hi. cinerea 1070 Siliqua Spengleri 284. conica 1078 Siliquaria anguina 1080 Solarium perspectivus 784 Soren Amethystus 68 anatinus 65 anatinus 64 antiquatus 64 bidens 65 biradiatus 67 bullatus 69 eastrensis 66 Ceylonensis 58 coarctatus 64 crispus 40 Cultellus 61 Cultellus 64 declivis 43 Diphos 63 Ensis 59 fragilis 65 Gigas 61 Guineensis 62 inflexus 62 Legumen 60 linearis 59 Macha 57 " magnus 61 marginatus 57 maximus 6i, 62 minimus 62 minutus 69 Novacula 58 occidens 68 pellucidus 60 Pinna 86 radiatus 63 roseus 66 Sancte Marthe 64 sanguinolentus 67 Siliqua 58 Spenglert 65 squamosus 70 striatus 66 strigilatus 64 truncatus 58 Vagina 57 variegatus 68 vespertinus 79 virens 70 Spirorbis nautiloides 1073 Spirula fragilis 345 SPonpytLus citreus 221 Gaedaropus 209 plicatus 210 regius 210 Squama magna 290 Stomatia phymotis 1014 Strombiformis albus 881 bicarinatus 869 clathratus 854 cinctus 870 costatus 678 glaber 881 perversus 876 Strombiformis reticulatus 7538 Terebra 871 StTRomMBus acanthinus 747 accinctus 672 Accipiter 669 aculeatus 753 affinis 654. agnatus 676 alatus 665 ater 676 Auris Diane 663 auritus 677 Bryonia 659 Camelus 658 Canarium 670 Chiragra 657 circulis, §c. 756 Clavus 655 costatus 678 costatus 669 dealbatus 676 dentatus 674. Epidromis 669 Erythrinus 6735 fasciatus 661 fasciatus 662 Fissurella 672 fissus 656 Suscus 757 Fusus 654 Fusus 655 Fusus fissus 656 Gallus 662 Gallus 663 Gibberulus 666 Gigas 668 Goliath 668 laciniatus 663 levis 654 Lambis 658 latissimus 668 latus 668 lentiginosus 660 lentiginosus 661, 662 lineatus 677 lividus 678 Lucifer 668 Luhuanus 666 marginatus 665 marginatus 672 Millepeda 659 minimus 670 multipes 660 Norwegicus 675 novem dactylis, &c. 660 Oniscus 667 palustris 676 palustris 757 Papilio 661 Pes Pelecani 656 polyfasciatus 662 INDEX. Strombus Pugilis punctatus Radix Bryonie raninus Samar Scorpio Scorpius Sinister Sinuatus Sloanit spinosus striatus succinctus suleatus Thymelus tricornis tridentatus truncatus tuberculatus turboformis Turricula Unicornis Urceus Urceus Vexillum Vibex vittatus Tympanorum } pat Tamarindiformis 2 Dendrites Tectum declive TELLINA acuta Adansoni Adriatica alata alba albicans albida albida amnica angulata angulata angulosa angusta anomala apelina aspera balaustina Balthica bimaculata Bornii calcarea calearia cancellata candidissima carinaia carnaria carnaria coaxata § 776, Tellina coccinea complanata cordiformis cornea Cornubiensis crassa cruenta erystallina cuspidata decussata demissa dentata Dentex depressa depressa digitaria discors divaricata donacina donacina eburnea Fabula Sasciata fausta Ferroensis Servensis flavescens flexuosa fiuminalis fluminea fluviatilis fluviatilis foliacea fragilis Sragilis Gallica Gargadia Gari Gari gibbosa Guinaica hermaphrodita hians hyalina Jamaicensis dberica inequilatera inequistriata ine quivalvis licarnata incarnata inflata interrupta Knorrii lactea lacunosa lacustris leia levigata levis lanceolata Tellina Lasheyt 90 tata 72 limosa 106 Lingua Felis 73 maculata 72 Madagascariensis 82 marginalis 74. multangula 76 muricata 98 nivea &9 obliqua 78 oblonga 80 opalina 88 operculata 85 pallescens 84 papyracea 76 pectinata 72 pisiformis 102 plana 142 planata 81 planata 95 polila 95 polygona 76 polygona 96 proficua 95 punicea 90 purpurascens 154 purpurea 72 pusilla 196 radiata 83 radiata 75; 77,138 Radula 98, 194 Remies 94 Remies 94: reticulata 95 rhomboides 205 rigida 97 vivalis 104, 105 rosea 67 rostrata 84 rostrata 84 rostrata flavescens — 84. rotundata 99 rubra 100 rufescens 85 rufescens 206 rugosa 75 sanguinea 88 scabra 96 scobinata 98 semistriata 92 Senegalensis 169 sinuosa 02 solidula 101 Spengleri 80 squalida Chl striata 92 striata oh strigosa 82 sulcata 89 tenuis 93 INDEX. Tellina triangularis 79 triangularis 72 trifasciata 86 trifasciata 77 trilatera 79 truncata 90 undata 99 curiabilis 79 variegata 150, 152 variegata 101 vinacea 150 virgata 74 virgata 74,75 Virginica 106 vitrea 92 zonata 100 Tellinula fragilissima 92 Terebellum subulatum 489 Terebra maculata 642 Terebratula Cranium 295 pubescens 293, 294 sanguinea 295 vitrea 294 TeEreno bipalmulata 1089 Clava 1090 gigantea 1087 navalis 1089 Utriculus 1089 vulgaris 1089 Tormigeres ringens 898 Tridacna Gigas 215 Trigonella Gallina 144 plana 142 radiata 158 subtruncata 141 zonaria 140 Tritonium antiquum 724 ciliatum 633 fornicatum 726 glaciale 631 incrassatum 658 Tritonium Lapillus 613 Pes Pelecani 656 undatum 632 viridulum 633 Trochilus unidens 789 'Trocuus acutangulus 761 Egyptius 776 Afer 975 agrestis 769 albidus 780 Alveare 763 alveolatus 926 Americanus 802 annulatus 813 annulatus 801 ardens 771 Areola 782 argyrostomus 795 asper 793 asper, &¢. 801 Trochus Atramentarium australis bidens bullatus celatus calaius callosus Capensis carinatus carmeus cinerarius cinerarius cinereus citrinus concavus conchyliophorus conicus conspersus Conuus Conulus Conulus Tranque- Q baricus § Conus Cookii Cooksianus coraillinus costatus crassus cristatus crocatus crocatus croceus cruciatus cylindraceus cylindricus declivis dentatus dentatus duplex depressus Diadema diaphanus distortus divaricatus dolabratus dolabratus dubius elegans elongatus, &c. 790, erythroleucus 797, exasperatus exiguus Fannlum fasciatus fenestratus fenestratus Serrugineus flumineus fovealatus fragilis fragilis fuscatus 790, 779, 764, 795 926 790 792 803 801 791 775 790 73 779 780 782 794 763 787 797 764 798 798 799 761 806 806 773 766 796 853 809 778 778 Chel 767 767 775 805 806 770 795 801 959 781 811 811 770 807 791 798 797 798 769 785 804 763 760 791 805 790 800 781 INDEX, Trochus Trochus Trochus JSuscus 77 Opalus 807 Tentorium 764 gibberosus 803 pantherinus 796 tenuis 800 globosus, &c. 790 = Papilla 926 _ terebellus 810 Granatum 800 papillosus 800 terrestris 789 grandinatus 792 parvus 797 terrestris 916 granulatus 800 __ patholatus 776 ___ tessellatus 794 griseus 775 perlatus 788 tessellatus 778, 794 Groenlandicus 771 ~~~ perspectiviunculus 783 — tessulatus 794 Guineensis 773. perspectivus 784 ~~ tigrinus 761, 795 helecinus 780,786 —perspectivus 785 ‘Vigris 800 Heliotropium 787 ~~ ~perspectivus stra- ras Tuber 796 hortensis 810 mineus ; tuberculatus 774 hybridus 784 perversus 811 tumidus 777 Lanthina 938 — perversus 812 — turbinatus 794 imbricatus 802 Pharaonius 772 ~=Turbo 889 imperialis 787 Phasianella 627 =‘Turcicus 905 ine qualis 766 ~~‘ Pileus 933 Turris 731 inequalis 804 planior infundi- } 784 umbilicalis « @79 Tndicus 785 buliformis umbilicaris 781 inermis 787 — planus 785 — umbilicaris 779, 781 infundibuliformis 783 _ plicato-nodosus 802 wmbilicatus 779 Iris 807 _—profunde-sulcatus 802 undulatus 812 Lridis 807 FPulligo 760 —urbanus T77 jujubinus 762 Pumilio 789 variegatus 774 Labeo 792 punctatus 813 _—variegatus 783 Labio 792,794 punctulatus 798 varius 779 levis 771 ~—s punctulatus 801 ___vellicatus 763 levigatus _ @71 purpurascens 802 ventricosus 812 Tineatus 780 = purpureus 802 _ vernalis 764 lugubris 773 pusillus 812 —-vernus 764 lunaris 814 ~midalt § 761,804 verrucosus 767 maculatus 76g Pyramaans Y 806, 807 _vestiarius 791 Magus 774 Pyramis 805 __ vestiarius 606 Mauritianus 804 Pyramis 770 ~_-virgatus 806 melanostomus° 797 quadratus 778 virgineus 800 Merula 795 quadricarinatus 793 viridis 768 minimus 798 radiatus 768 viridulus 277 minutus 797 = ramosus 802 __ vittatus 780 Modulus 775. + regius 767 —-zezyphinus umbi- } 762 Modulus 788 roseus 776 licatus monstrosus 959 rostratus 207 ~—_zic-zac 808 muricatus 776 ~—-rusticus 769 zizyphinus 799 muricatus 804 scaber 778 ~—-zizyphinus 800 nanus 606 — scaber 766 Tubicinella major 28 Nassaviensis 777 ~~ Schroetert 760 minus 28 neritoideus 780 selectus 801 Tubus vermicularis 108 niger 769 Sinensis 795 Turbinellus Pyrum 568 nigerrimus 769 solaris 786 Turso aculeatus 828 Niloticus 760 solaris 785,787 acutangulus 869 Niloticus 761 Spengleri 766 acutus 856 nodosus 805 — spinosus 762 adversus 488 nodulosus 826 _ stellatus 765, 828 — aercus 857 nodulus 773 stramineus 785 Ethiops 1819 notatus 808 striatellus 813