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SE eoON OF 1ess-d.
CULTIVATED AT THE
RANCHO CHICO NURSERIEs,
Spsaco, a utte County,
CALIFORNIA.
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In presenting this new Catalogue to my patrons and the
public, I will state that my stock was never before so large and
extensive. Much has been added by importing valuable varieties,
at a great cost. I invite all customers, and all those interested in
trees to visit my grounds, where they can see many new and rare
varieties never before offered.
After an experience of over thirty-seven years in the fruit-
growing and nursery business in Butte county, 1 am enabled to
offer to planters as fine an assortment of well grown fruit trees as
can be found in the State. During the past year the Nursery
Department of the Rancho Chico has been enlarged by one-half
to meet the wants of customers. The stock now offered has been
grown on new land, and is consequently free from scale and other
insect pests, and second to none in the State.
My trees will be found to be more than usually good, and
every care will be taken to insure to each of my customers perfect
satisfaction.
I shall continue to propagate a large stock of the best varie-
ties of long keeping apples, particularly adapted for the foothills
throughout the State.
TERMS, ETC. e
Cash, on delivery of trees, or approved acceptance.
Orders from unknown parties must be accompanied by remit-
tance, or satisfactory reference.
Remittances must be made at the expense of purchaser, and
can be made by registered letter, postal money order, Wells,
Fargo & Co. money order, or checks, or drafts.
4 PREFACE.
ADVICE TO CORRESPONDENTS.
Correspondents will greatly oblige by observing the follow-
ing:
All orders shouid be made out in a list by themselves—not
mixed up with the body of the letter.
Persons not acquainted with the different varieties of fruit
will do well to leave selections to myself or nurseryman, as we
shall send only such as will give general satisfaction. All trees
are carefully labeled and packed in the best manner for shipping,
according to distance, for which a charge will be made only to
cover first cost.
All articles will be delivered at railroad depot free of charge.
gog@- Packages are at the risk of purchaser after being de-
livered at the depot.
Any errors made at the nursery in filling orders, will be
cheerfully rectified, upon prompt notice and satisfactory demon-
stration of the same being made.
Orders, however small, will receive prompt attention.
All letters seeking for information, etc., promptly answered.
Address all communications to Joun BIpWELL, CuHIco, CAL.,
Nursery Department.
PLANTS AND TREES BY MAIL.
We will send trees and plants by mail, provided that they
are of such stages of growth and size as to allow them to be
packed in small packages not exceeding four pounds. An addi-
tional charge of one cent per ounce will be made for postage on
all packages sent by mail. We cannot guarantee their safe
delivery, but will in all cases use our utmost care in the packing
and execution of mail orders.
: HINTS ON TRANSPLANTING, ETC.
I cannot attempt to give complete directions on all points
connected with tree planting, but will make a few suggestions in
regard to the more important operations. Every man who
purchases a bill of trees should put himself in possession of
“The Fruit Garden,” or some other treatise on tree culture
that will furnish him with full and reliable instructions on the
routine of management.
PREFACE. 5
Transplanting is to be considered under the following heads:
lst. The Preparation of the Soil. For fruit trees the soil
should be dry, either naturally or made so by drainage, as they
will not live or thrive on a soil constantly saturated with stagnant
moisture. It should also be well prepared by twice plowing at
least, using the subsoil plow after the common one at the second
plowing. On new fresh lands manuring will be unnecessary, but
on lands exhausted by cropping, fertilizers must be applied, either
by turning in heavy crops of clover or well decomposed manure
or compost. To insure a good growth of fruit trees, land should
be in as good condition as for a crop of wheat, corn, or potatoes.
2nd. The Preparation of the Trees. In regard to this im-
portant operation, there are more fatal errors committed than in
any other. As a general thing, trees are planted in the ground
precisely as they are sent from the nursery. In removing a tree,
no matter how carefully it may be done, a portion of the roots
are broken and destroyed, and consequently the balance that
existed in the structure of the tree is deranged. This must be
restored by a proper pruning, adapted to the size, form and con-
dition of the trees, as follows:
STANDARD ORCHARD TREES.
These, as sent from the nursery, vary from five to nine feet in
height, with naked stems or trunks, and a number of branches at
the top forming a head. These branches should be all cut back
to within three or four buds of their base. This lessens the
demand upon the roots, and enables the remaining buds to push
with vigor. Cut off smoothly (from bottom up) all bruised or
broken roots up to the sound wood.
Yearling trees should be cut back so far as i insure the pro-
duction of a tier of branches from twelve to sixteen inches from
the ground. It is better to cut too low than not low enough, for
_if the first tier of branches be not low enough, the pyramidal
form cannot afterwards be perfected.
PLANTING.
Having the tree properly prepared, fill the hole, previously
dug, with the rich top soil to within five or six inches of the
6 PREFACE. |
surface, leaving a little mound in the centre of the hole. Place
the tree in an upright position, putting in the fine soil, so as to
fill every vacancy about the roots. Budded trees should be set
down to the bud. Dwarf trees should be planted three inches
below the bud.
AFTER—-CULTURE.
The trees should be kept free from grass, and no crops should
be grown in an orchard except cultivated crops, such as potatoes,
beans, peas, carrots or corn. Clover and other sown crops, which
exhaust the soil, are especially injurious. All trees should be
kept well cultivated, at least for some years, until they obtain
proper growth and capacity for producing crops of fruit. Cherry
and apple trees will then produce without culture by being prop-
erly mulched or manured. Peach orchards should never go out
of cultivation.
DISEASES OF FRUIT TREES.
Perhaps the most common cause of disease and failure in
fruit trees is sun-blight ; this is the prime cause of many other
difficulties. If a tree is kept growing, which can be done by
keeping the ground well cultivated, it will not suffer from the
sun. The best and most practical way to overcome the evil aris-
ing from this cause is to grow only low standard trees. The cod-
lin moth has been very destructive, but experience has proved
that it can be successfully combatted. The wooly aphis and San
Jose scale (aspidotus pernicious), have of late become very injuri-
ous in some parts of the State, and threaten to destroy the
orchards entirely, unless prompt measures are adopted to prevent
the spread of the pests, and efficacious means employed to exter-
minate them in places where they have already secured a foot-
hold. The experience of fruit culturists in Santa Clara county,
in their efforts to eradicate the pest during the year is very
encouraging. however, and gives assurance that with the applica-
tion of proper remedies, success is certain, especially when
universally practiced.
BORERS.
We are troubled with the worst species of borers. Young
trees should be examined from the first of July until the end of
PREFACE. fi
the season. Their presence can be determined by a dark spot
upon the bark of the tree usualiy, but not always, on the sunny
side. By examining with a knife a grub will be found, very
small at first, hardly discernable, afterwards growing to be half
an inch in length. Clean the meal out of the worm hole with a
piece of wire, then fill with a swab dipped into gas tar, and the
work is complete.
CODLIN MOTH.
Examine from April 15th. As soon as the apples are fairly
formed a beautiful little moth about half an inch long, called the
codlin moth, deposits a tiny yellow egg in the calix or blossom
end of the apple. This soon hatches and eats its way into the
apple and feeds around the core. In thirty-three days it attains
its full size. It then cuts a round hole about an eighth of an
inch in diameter out to the surface of the apple, leaving the apple
perhaps and crawling down the trunk of the tree ; as the growth
of the apple is arrested it ripens prematurely and falls on the
ground, carrying the moth with it. Whenever the worm leaves
the fruit it naturally makes its way to the trunk of the tree,
where it seeks some crevice or loose scale of bark and spins for
itself a slight cocoon a little more than half an inch long, white
and silky on the outside and darker outwardly. In three days
the worm will change into a chrysalis half an inch long; in two
weeks the chrysalis will be transformed into a moth, which
emerges, seeks its companion and resumes its work of depositing
eggs. Two broods a year, at least may be counted upon in this
climate. What can be done? First, destroy the fallen worm
apples, turn the hogs into the orchard or gather and feed to hogs,
put bands around the trunk of the trees about two feet from the
ground, made of old sacking eight or ten inches wide, two folds,
and tied on or tacked in the middle. The worms in progress up
or down the tree will go under these bands and spin their cocoons.
The bands must be examined every week or two and the cocoons
destroyed.
THE RED SPIDER.
The red spider (acarus fellarius), the well-known insect pest,
is one that is peculiar to a dry and warm condition of the atmos-
8 PREFACE.
phere. The insects, generally in large numbers, attack trees
when they are in a weakened state from want of sufficient water
or other causes, spinning their webs over the under side of the
leaves and sucking out the sap. Water and moisture provided
with persistence are complete specifics. Or spray the tree well
and use flour sulphur and dust the leaves well.
LIME AND SULPHUR WASH FOR SCALE.
The following receipt has proved to be an effective and cheap
wash for the treatment of trees troubled by the San Jose scale:
Ten pounds of unslacked lime, twenty gallons of water, twenty
pounds of sulphur; boil until thoroughly dissolved, then add
twenty-five pounds lime, fifteen pounds of salt, and water suffi-
cient to make (60) sixty gallons of solution; strain and apply
milk-warm with spray-pump, using a rubber disk in the San Jose
nozzle. 7
This wash does not hurt the fruit when applied after the tree
has blossomed out. Use in fall as soon as the foliage drops, and
again in the spring before the tree blooms, if necessary. Cost
per tree, from four to five cents.—‘‘Pacific Rural Press.”
PRODUCTION OF FRUIT.
The production of fruits will be greater this year than ever
before. In the older fruit growing sections of the State many of
the old orchards are being replanted, and the new growth in those
regions, as well as the more recent plantations, show vigorous
bearing that speaks well for future production. I think that the
next few years will witness an enormous fruit product, and this
will be encouraged to an almost incalculable extent, when it be-
comes more fully known to the farming community that with a
largely increased output every year the prices grow more satisfac-
torily. This is accounted for by the fact that better classes of
fruits are grown, and these are in greater demand by canners and
for Eastern shipments. People in Eastern States, and in Europe,
for that matter, realize that superior qualities of fruit are being
raised in this State. Some years ago they did not know this, as
dealers could not transport our horticultural products in their
green state easily or for a reasonable price. This is now being
PREFACE. 9
accomplished, and a large market in the Eastern States opened
up to our producers. It is now possible for all classes to eat our
luscious fruits for a price not much beyond what is now paid here.
Rule for ascertaining the number of plants required for one
acre of land, which contains 438,560 square feet: Multiply the
distance in feet between the rows by the distance the plants are
apart in the row, and their product will be the number of square
feet for each plant or hill, which, divided into the number of feet
in an acre, will show how many plants or hills the acre will con-
tain.
fH 1000 apple trees packed for shipping, ordinarily weigh
as follows: one year, 1 to 3 feet, about 400 fbs.; two year, 3 to 5
feet, 800 tbs.; peach, apricot and prune, about the same, 800 ibs.
APPLES.
The apple is the most popular and most valuable of all hardy
fruits. Its value on the farm can hardly be over-estimated, and
when due attention is paid to the selection of kinds suited to
location, having in view kinds suited to the markets you intend
them for, it may be justly classed among the best for market
value. It will flourish and produce, particularly in the foothills.
Apples grown at an altitude of fifteen hundred to twenty-five
hundred feet will compare with any in the world in size, color or
flavor. |
Parties planting apple orchards should be careful to confine
their selections to the very earliest and very latest varieties and
best keeping. They will always find a market for such apples.
DESCRIP MY 2 CA Ah @ Gigia
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WENA eae edhe)
In selecting apples it should be remembered that some of the favor-
ite varieties of the Eastern States do not succeed well on this coast,
and also that many of the strictly winter apples in those States ripen
here in the Fall. We have but few apples that really keep well through
our winter months.
These remarks are more especially applicable to the lower
valleys, and the coast region generally. The higher and cooler
portions of the State produce apples more nearly resembling the
same varieties in the Hastern States in keeping qualities.
In fixing the time of ripening of apples (as well as other
fruits), we can only approximate, on account of the severity of
climate and other causes bearing upon this point. The time of
ripening mentioned in this Catalogue, will be found sufficiently
accurate for all practical purposes.
List of Summer Apples.
Red Astrachan. Large; rich, red color, very tart; ripens
just after Karly Harvest. A very popular and valuable apple.
Carolina June. (Red June.) Small or medium; deep
red, good, productive, hardy. Tree slender and slow growth, last
of June.
Sweet Bough. Large; pale yellow, tender and sweet, good
bearer. August.
SUMMER APPLES. tt
EARLY HARVEST.
Early Harvest. Medium to large, pale yellow, sub-acid,
fine for eating and cooking. In use last of June and first of July.
The earliest good apple.
Duchess of Oldenburg. Large. beautiful, striped, tart;
vigorous, immensely hardy; early and most profuse bearer.
Russian. No hardier sort known; a most valuable variety ior the
high foothills. August.
Tetofsky. (Russian Crab.) Medium, whitish yellow, with
crimson stripes; juicy, tender, pleasant flavor; upright, moderate
grower, very large leaves; extremely hardy and valuable in cold
localities. August.
Maiden’s Blush. A very good quality of apple; medium
size, beautiful pale yellow with red cheek. Tree regular and
abundant bearer. August to September.
Gravenstein. Large; bright yellow, penciled and marbled
with red and orange ; crisp, juicy, high flavored. August.
12 AUTUMN APPLES.
RED BEITIGHEIMER.
List of Autumn Apples.
Red Beitigheimer. A rare and valuable German variety.
Fruit large to very large ; roundish, inclining to conical; skin
pale cream-colored ground, mostly covered with purplish crimson;
flesh white, firm, sub-acid, with a brisk, pleasant flavor. Tree a
free grower and abundant bearer. This is one of the largest and
handsomest of apples, and worthy of extensive cultivation.
September.
AUTUMN APPLES. 13
Alexander. Very large; mottled with red, mild sub-acid ;
moderately productive. A very showy apple. September to
October.
Jonathan. Medium size; striped, vinous flavor, very pro-
ductive ; valuable for market. November to December.
Hoover. Large, dark red; flesh fine, whitish, crisp, rather
firm, tender, rich sub-acid ; core small, very good. November.
Fall Pippin. Very large, roundish, oblong; yellow, flesh
tender, rich and delicious. Tree a free grower, spreading and fine
bearer ; one of the best for table or market. September to Octo-
ber. ;
Fameuse. (Snow apple) Medium size; deep crimson,
flesh snowy white, tender, melting and delicious. Tree vigorous,
with dark wood, one of the finest dessert fruits, and valuable for
market ; succeeds particularly well in the foothills. November
to January.
Haas, or Fall Queen. Origin, St. Louis, Mo. Large,
flat, ribbed or quartered; skin yellowish green, streaked and
nearly covered with dull, brownish red ; flesh white, tender, juicy,
sub-acid, good. Tree very hardy and vigorous. This variety is
also well adapted to the foothills, as a profitable market fruit,
and for family use. September to November.
Stump. A very handsome and valuable variety, which
originated near Rochester, N. Y. Fruit medium size, conical ;
skin yellow striped and shaded with light red ; resembles che-
nango ; flesh firm, crisp, juicy, tender, sprightly, sub-acid. The
fruit, from its uniform size, fine appearance, and mild, pleasant
flavor, commands a ready sale at a good price. A decided acqui-
sition to the list of profitable market and good garden varieties.
Tree of handsome, stocky growth, and very prolific. September
to October.
St. Lawrence. Large, showy, striped; upright, moderate
grower, and very hardy. A seedling of Fameuse, from Canada,
and very popular north. September.
Beauty of Kent. Large, juicy, good; upright, strong
grower. October and November.
Skinner’s Pippin. Large, yellow, very tender, good flavor;
origin, San Jose, Cal. Tree grows well and comes early into
bearing. September.
14 AUTUMN APPLES.
King of Tompkins County. Very large; red, rich, sub-
acid. October.
Rhode Island Greening. Large, greenish yellow, a well-
known old variety ; best for cooking. October to December.
Twenty-Ounce. Very large, roundish; yellow, striped
with red ; flesh rather coarse grained, but with a brisk, sprightly,
sub-acid flavor ; very popular. October.
Yellow Bellflower. Large, oblong; pale yellow, some-
times red in sun; flesh tender and juicy, with a sprightly and
rather acid flavor, one of the best. November to January.
Red Bellflower. Color deep red; flavor sprightly, acid,
size and shape of Yellow Bellfiower. A cross between Red June
and Yellow Bellflower. California Seedling. October.
WINTER APPLES.
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16 WINTER APPLES.
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LANGFORD SEEDLING.
Langford Seedling. A seedling of great promise. Origi-
nal tree now growing on the lot of a colored man, on Langford Bay,
Kent county, Maryland. Apple of large size, red and striped.
Tree hardy and a good bearer, fruit of excellent quality, and its
superior keeping qualities recommend it to all, keeping until May
and June with ordinary treatment, where the Baldwin, raised in
the same section will not keep longer than Christmas. No farmer
or fruit grower should be without this apple.
Baldwin. Large, roundish ; deep bright red ; juicy, crisp,
sub-acid, good flavor, very productive of fair, handsome fruit ;
one of the best and most popular winter apples. October to
November.
Lawver. Large, roundish, flat ; mild, sub-acid ; very heavy
and hard ; beautiful dark red ; the handsomest of all the extra
late keepers ; very valuable as a late market sort. Tree a vigor-
ous good grower, very hardy and bears well. This variety is
to-day the most promising late market apple before the public.
January to May.
WINTER APPLES. ~ 17
WALBRIDGE.
Buckingham. (Equinetely, Bachelor.) Large, striped,
juicy and delicious; vigorous, upright, productive; old and
favorite Southern apple. November to December. |
Milam. Medium or below, red; handsome and popular ;
tree vigorous, productive, but not the most hardy; old, useful
southern sort. November to December.
Nickajack. (Carolina Spice.) Medium to large, with dull
stripes ; firm, good, very popular south, not very hardy ; immense
grower, productive. January to May.
Cook’s Seedling. This apple originated in Sonoma Co.,
Cal., and promises well as a first-class winter apple ; size, medium
to large, striped and marbied, with red on a yellow ground.
Walbridge. (Edgar Red Streak.} Large, striped with
red ; handsome, of excellent quality, and holds its flavor to the
last. One of the best late keeping sorts. January to May.
18 WINTER APPLES.
WEALTHY.
Esopus Spitzenburg. Large, light red; rich, sprightly
vinous flavor ; one of the very best of all winter apples. Novem-
ber to January.
Yellow Newton Pippin. Large, firm, crisp, juicy, rich
and high flavor. This is the best California winter apple, and is
more extensively planted than any other variety. December to
March.
Wealthy. Originated near St. Paul, Minnesota; fruit
medium, roundish, skin smooth, oily, mostly covered with dark
red ; flesh white, fine, juicy, vinous, sub-acid, tree very hardy,
vigorous and productive, handsome, of first quality, and good
keeper. November to January.
WINTER APPLES. 19
Wagener. A beautiful, rich apple, with firm fiesh ; a good
keeper, and productive bearer; color, bright red and yellow,
striped, excellent. January.
Charlotten Thaler. A strong grower; very hardy and
prolific. Ripens early. Valuable for market.
Northern Spy. Large, roundish, prettily striped with red;
mild, pleasant flavor ; very popular in some sections, especially
for its keeping properties ; very upright grower. January to May.
Swaar. Large; pale lemon yellow, with dark dots; flesh
tender, rich and spicy. Tree a moderate grower, with dark shoots
and large gray buds. With good culture it is one of the very
best of apples. November to February.
Wine Sap. Medium size ; fine red, firm, crisp, high flavor.
November to February.
White Winter Pearmain. Large, roundish; pale yel-
low, with slight blush, sprinkled with minute brown dots; flesh
yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, pleasant sub-acid, good. Decem-
ber and January.
Romanite. Small; overspread with clear, light, handsome
red ; flesh yellowish, fine grained, rather firm, juicy, mild sub-
acid. Valuable as a keeper. March to May.
Smith’s Cider. Large, yellow, shaded and striped with
red; flesh whitish, tender, juicy, pleasant acid. November to
January.
Mann. Large, fine, smooth fruit, which resembles the
Rhode Island Greening in color and shape, and equally good in
quality ; keeps well until May; a most profitable sort; tree
upright and a good grower.
_Borsdorf. (Russian.) Vigorous and handsome grower ;
fruit medium, greenish yellow, checked red; flesh fine grained,
pleasant sub-acid flavor; late keeper. A valuable dessert apple.
Pewaukee. Origin, Pewaukee, Wisconsin. Raised from
the seed of the Duchess of Oldenburg. Fruit medium to large,
roundish, oblate; skin bright yellow, striped and splashed with
dark red ; flesh white, tender, juicy, sub-acid. Esteemed especi-
ally for cold climates, on account of its hardiness ; tree vigorous.
January to May.
Rome Beauty. Large, yellow, shaded with bright red;
flesh yellowish ; tender, juicy, crisp, sub-acid. January to May.
20 WINTER APPLES.
Red Canada. (Old Nonsuch of Mass.) Medium size ; red,
with white dots; flesh rich, sub-acid and delicious. Tree a mod-
erate, slender grower. A superior fruit for table or market.
November to May.
Rawle’s Genet. (Rawle’s Janet, Never Fail, etc.) Medi-
um to large size; yellow, striped with red ; crisp, juicy, rich; a
free grower; prolific bearer. One of the most popular winter
apples, very valuable. January.
Stark. Large, yellow; nearly covered with mixed red ;
flesh yellow, juicy, rich, mild, sub-acid; tree upright, vigorous
grower, hardy, early and profuse bearer ; one of the most profit-
able long keeping apples. January to May.
_Vandervere. (New York.) Large, yellow, striped with
red; rich and fine. A most excellent variety. November to
January.
CRAB APPLES. 21
Crab Apples.
TRANSCENDENT CRAB.
In none of the fruits has greater improvements been attained
of late years than in the Crab Apple. Many of the kinds now in
cultivation are an almost indispensable addition to our lists of
fruits, and have qualities of decided value. The three varieties
especially prominent are the Transcendent, Hyslop and Whitney.
In health and hardiness of tree and productiveness they are un-
surpassed.
Hysiop. Fruit large, produced in clusters ; roundish ovate,
dark, rich red, covered with thick blue bloom, stock long and
slender, flesh yellowish, sub-acid, good for culinary nses and
cider. August.
a2, CRAB APPLES.
Transcendent, Fruit large, roundish, oblong, slightly but
regularly ribbed ; golden yellow, with a crimson red cheek in the
sun, covered with a delicate white bloom ; flesh creamy yellow,
crisp, sub-acid, pleasant, excellent for cooking, preserves, jellies,
canning and pickling. July.
Whitney. Large, averaging from one and a half to two
inches in diameter, skin smooth, glossy green, striped, splashed
with carmine; flesh firm, juicy and flavor very pleasant, ripe
latter part of July. Tree a great bearer and very hardy, a vigor-
ous, handsome grower, with a dark green glossy foliage.
White Arctic. A vigorous aud handsome grower; fruit
very large, white, tender pulp, rich and juicy.
SELECT PEARS.
The following list includes most of those which have been
well tested and prove valuable. Those designated by a ‘“*” are
of American origin.
‘ GATHERING PEARS.
One of the most important points in the management of
pears, is to gather them at the proper time.
Summer Pears should be gathered at least ten days before
they are ripe, and Autumn Pears at least a fortnight. Winter
varieties, if they will hang so long, may be left until the leaves
begin to fall.
THIN THE FRUIT.
We cannot urge too strongly the following suggestions :
When pear trees are heavily laden, the fruit should be thinned
when about one-third grown, else the fruit will be poor and the
trees injured.
Summer Pears.
Beurre d’ Amanlis, Large, buttery, melting, rich. Aug.
*Clapp’s Favorite. A splendid pear, resembling the Bart
lett and ripening a few days earlier ; a cross between that variety
and the Flemish Beauty ; the tree is hardy and vigorous either
on the pear or quince. Care should be taken to pick the fruit at
least ten days before it would ripen on the tree.
Beurre Giffard. A beautiful and excellent variety. Tree
slender but healthy, hardy, a moderate grower and very product-
ive, the first good early pear. July.
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BARTLETT.
One of the most popular pears; large, buttery
A vigorous, erect grower,
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and melting, with a rich musky flavor.
bears young and abundantly, the best of all summer pears.
August.
Valuable for market and canning.
*Dearborn’s Seedling. Medium size, melting, rich and
sugary. July.
Doyenne d@’ E’te. This is one of the first pears to ripen,
rather small, but melting and sweet.
-
SUMMER PEARS. 25
LAWSON.
Lawson. (New.) Ripening with the Doyenne d’ E’te, but
equal in size to the Beurre Giffard. Tree a vigorous and upright
grower, and free of blight. Fruit large, very productive, firm,
and a good shipper.
fine flavor. Fruit borne in clusters. Ripens in June.
Knight’s Early Black. Large, black, sweet and juicy.
Ripe a few days before Black Tartarian.
Elton. Large, pale yellow, with red cheek, of the finest
flavor. Last of May.
May Duke. Large, dark red, sub-acid, rich, ripens a long
time in succession. May and June.
Pill MS sand) Phe NaS:
The cultivation of plums and prunes has been much extended
on this coast since the introduction of improved processes of dry-
ing and preserving. This fruit may be grown in great perfection
in all parts of the country. The trees are subject to few diseases,
nor is the fruit subject to the depredations of the curculio or any
other destructive insects.
We give special attention to the growing of those varieties
which experience has shown to be the best for drying, canning
and shipping.
Bavay’s Green Gage. (Reine Claude de Bavay.) One
of the best foreign varieties, as large as the Washington, and of
fine flavor; roundish oval, greenish, marked with red in the sun.
Tree a free grower and remarkably productive. August.
Bradshaw. A very large and fine early plum, dark violet
red, juicy and good. Tree erect and vinous, very productive ;
valuable for market. July.
Cherry Plum. Medium, pale red; sweet, juicy, sub-acid.
Good for canning. June.
Duane’s Purple. Very large and handsome ; oval, reddish
purple, juicy and sweet, adheres to the stone. July.
Jefferson. One of the most beautiful of all dessert plums.
. Large, oval, skin golden yellow, with purplish red cheek ; flesh
deep orange, juicy, very rich, luscious, high flavored, separates
from the stone. Last of July.
Imperial Gage. Medium size, oval, pale green, tinged
with yellow when ripe ; flesh greenish, very juicy, melting, rich ;
parts pretty freely from the stone. Early August.
Peach Plum. Very large, brownish red ; flesh pale yellow,
coarse grained but juicy ; parts from the stone. Last of June.
PLUMS AND PRUNES. oO
Washington. Large, roundish; dull yellow, very sweet
and luscious ; parts from the stone. Early August.
Columbia. Very large, round, brownish purple ; parts from
the stone. Good for drying. August.
Walling. A magnificent new plum from Oregon. Fruit of
the very largest size; color greenish white, with slight blush on
one side, freestone, two weeks later than Peach Plum. July.
Lombard. (Bleeker’s Scarlet.)Fruit medium size, roundish
oval, skin red; flesh yellow, juicy and pleasant. Tree very
vigorous, hardy and productive. Last of August.
Yellow Egg. Very large, egg shape, skin yellow, with
white dots ; when fully ripe of deep gold color, acid until very
ripe, when it becomes sweet ; adheres to the stone. Harly August.
Pond’s Seedling. A magnificent English plum ; light red,
changing to violet ; flesh rather coarse. August.
Royal Hative. Medium size, roundish, purple ; flesh yel-
low amber, rich, good, high flavor; parts from the stone when
ripe. July.
Coe’s Golden Drop. Large and handsome; oval, light
yellow, flesh firm, rich and sweet ; adheres to the stone. Tree a
moderate grower and very productive. Valuable not only on
account of its large size and fine appearance,.but its lateness.
September.
Goliath. (Nectarine.) A very large purple plum, rivaling
the Peach Plum in beauty ; second. quality,.a vigorous grower
and great bearer. Last of August.
McLaughlin. Large, round, greenish yellow, sugary and
fine quality, very good. Tree a free grower. One of the very
best for family use or market. August.
Orange. Large, skin bronze yellow, marked with roguish
white dots ; flesh deep yellow and juicy. Tree vigorous and pro-
ductive.
Quackenboss. Large, deep purple, covered with a dense
bluish bloom; flesh greenish yellow, sprightly, juicy, a little
coarse grained ; will rank good in quality. Tree vigorous and a
great yielder. Valuable for market. August to September.
Green Gage. Small, but of the highest excellence. Tree
a moderate grower. Must be top grafted to get good trees. Sept.
36 PLUMS AND PRUNES.
Ickworth’s Imperatrice. Above medium size; purple,
firm, sweet, rich, a valuable variety for market, bears transporta-
tion well, will keep a long time after being gathered. Clings to
the stone. September to October.
Purple Damson. Fruit small, oval, about an inch long,
skin purple, covered with thick blue bloom; flesh melting and
juicy, rather tart, separates partially from the stone. September.
Ives’ Seedling. Fruit large, oval, tapering a little to the
apex, suture district ; skin yellow, mottled and dotted with red,
and covered with a thin bloom, Stalk short, set in a very small
cavity. Flesh rich amber color, melting and separating freely
from the stone, juicy and high flavored. August to September.
Lawrence’s Favorite. A seedling of the Green Gage.
Fruit large, heavy, roundish, a little flattened at either end. Skin
dull yellowish green ; flesh juicy and melting, of a rich, sprightly,
vinous flavor, separates from the stone when fully ripe. August.
Japan. Very large, late plum. Good for shipping, canning
or drying. New introduction from Japan.
Botan. A large, dark, yellowish red fruit, with a white
bloom, sweet, rich, juicy and delicious; vigorous, upright grow-
ing tree. August Ist.
Chabot. Vigorous grower, abundant bearer ; fruit greenish
purple, very large and firm. August 15th.
Blood Plum of Satsuma. It is a vigorous grower, with
dark red bark and oval leaves; said to be productive of large,
delicious fruit, with red flesh and curiously mottled skin.
Prunus Simoni, or Apricot Plum, Fruit large, tomato
shaped, cinnamon red color; the flesh is firm, rich, sweet, aro-
matic, and delicious, with the flavor of pine apple as strong as
the pine apple itself, mingled with a faint banana flavor, very
small stone. September.
PRUNES.
Plums and prunes are here divided for the sake of convenience.
All prunes are plums.
French Prune. (Petite d’ Agen.) Well known as the
best and most profitable prune for general culture ; medium size,
oblong, reddish purple; rich, sugary, and very productive ;
requires a deep, strong soil to bring it to its greatest perfection.
September.
Robe de Sargent. (True Prune.) Very much iike Petite
d’ Agen ; a trifle larger, but shrinks more in drying. September.
Shropshire Damson. Small, roundish; a valuabie mar-
ket variety esteemed for preserves, separates partially from the
stone. September.
Saint Catharine. One of the most celebrated prunes,
skin pale yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, firm, rich and perfumed ;
abundant and constant bearer. This is the prune put up in
France in fancy glass jars and boxes and sold under the name of
“Tours Prune.”
Hungarian Prune. Very large, productive and profitable.
Bright red, with thin bloom, juicy, sweet, strong grower, good
bearer ; parts from the stone. August.
Fellenberg, (Italian Prune.) Branches grey, smooth ;
fruit medium oval, skin dark blue, with a bloom, flesh dark
yellow, juicy, sweet and good ; one of the best for drying. Sept.
Silver Prune. Said to be a seedling from Coe’s Golden
Drop, which it much resembles, both in tree and fruit. Septem-
ber.
Glaister Prune. A California seedling of the form, size
and color of Yellow Egg, but of better quality, and ripening two
weeks earlier. August.
PRUNES. 38
GERMAN PRUNE.
German Prune. Medium size, long oval, purple; Makes
an excellent dried prune, separates from the stone. Very popular
in the market. August.
We have also small quantities of some varieties lately im--
ported from the great prune growing districts of France, as fol--
lows: “Lot d’ Agen,” “Double Prune d’ Agen,” “Prune d’ Ente,”
all of which come highly recommended, and will be in. great,
demand when known.
PEACHES.
In order to secure healthy and vigorous trees it is necessary
to prune very severely. The tendency of all fruit trees in this
State is to develop an immense number of fruit buds, and as they
are not often destroyed by frost or other disasters, they produce
more fruit than the tree can mature, the consequence is that much
of it is small and often worthless. The tree should be regularly
pruned every year, shortening in the shoots of the previous year
from one-half to two-thirds, and cutting out all sickly and super-
fluous shoots. The head of the tree should be kept low; the
trunk ought not to exceed one foot. By this practice the break-
ing of the limbs is avoided, and the fruit produced is much larger
and finer. The curled leaf has been very prevalent, but is prob-
ably caused by unusually cold Springs. The peach is subject to
few other drawbacks, and there is no reason why every one who
has an orchard should not be well paid for its care.
Alexander. Medium size ; color deep maroon, handsomely
shaded, rich and good ; flesh firm, whitish ; good shipper. June.
Amsden June. Very fine, early peach, much like the
above, ripening a few days earlier.
Arkansas Traveller. Said to ripen from six to ten days
earlier than Amsden June, of which it is a seedling; fully equal
in every other way. June.
Gov. Garland. Fruit large, averaging 74 inches in cir-
cumference ; of rich, rosy hue, delicious in flavor, and of an
exquisite fragrance ; from three to four days earlier than Alex-
ander, and is the best of all early peaches.
40 PEACHES.
SCHUMACKER.
Schumacker. Claimed to be earlier than Amsden June
and Alexander ; flesh a yellowish white ; specimens to measure
from 8 to 9 inches in circumference.
Brigg’s Red May. Round; white skin with red cheek ;
flesh white, melting, juicy and rich. A California seedling of
great value for market. Ripens the first of June.
Hale’s Early. Medium to large, highly colored ; a very
fair market and shipping sort.
Mountain Rose. It excels Troth’s Early Red in size and
quality ; it will certainly take the place of that variety in stand-
ard list. Ripens with Troth’s or right after. One of our best
sorts.
Large Early York. The best of its season. Leaves ser-
rated ; fruit medium size, roundish ; dark red in the sun; flesh
greenish white, very tender, melting, juicy rich. Early July.
PEACHES. yp
Foster. A very fine large yellow peach of the Crawford
type, but superior in many points, firmer flesh, with less color at
the stone, which is smaller.
Fleitas, or Yellow St. John. Large; roundish, orange
yellow, with a deep red cheek ; juicy, sweet and highly flavored,
flesh yellow. Ripens with Troth’s Early Red. Origin, New Or-
leans, La.; identical with May Beauty of Louisiana. A valuable
peach.
Richmond. The Richmond is of large size, skin fine yel-
low, mottled, and shaded with dark rich red; freestone, flesh
yellow, quality good, ripens a few days after Early Crawford.
FOSTER,
42 PEACHES.
WHEATLAND.
Wheatland. Free, yellow, average very large, productive.
Tree a stout and steady grower. Excellent shipping peach, very
showy, valuable as a market sort; ripen between Early and Late
Crawford, but much larger than either of them. July.
Early Crawford. Well known as the best of its season
for market or canning.
Reeves’ Favorite. Fruit. large, roundish, inclining to
oval, with a swollen cheek ; skin yellow, with a fine red cheek ;
flesh deep yellow, red at the stone, juicy, melting, with a good
vinous flavor, freestone. Fruit sells at a high price. One of the
very best peaches, has not its equal for fine quality or market
value. Should be in every orchard and garden. July.
Olid Mixon Free. This variety has all the qualities of a
superior market fruit, and in a greater degree than any other
peach. It excels, particularly in the necessary qualities for ship-
ping ; uniformly large size, sprightly flavor and bright, handsome
color, freestone ; white flesh, with a beautiful blush. July.
Conklin. Golden yellow, marbled with crimson, large and
handsome ; ripens after Crawford’s Early ; one of the best.
PEACHES. 43
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LATE CRAWFORD.
Late Crawford. A superb yellow peach, very large, pro-
ductive and good, a good dryer. Middle of August.
Susquehanna. Origin, Pennsylvania ; yellow fleshed free-
stone, with a beautiful red cheek, sweet and juicy, with rich
vinous flavor ; rather a shy bearer, but a splendid peach. July.
Dr. Hogg. Large, firm yet melting, stained with red under
skin; flavor rich and sugary; a freestone, hardy, vigorous and
productive. August.
Picquet’s Late. Very large, yellow, with a red cheek ;
flesh yellow, buttery, rich and sweet, and of the highest flavor.
-~
44 PEACHES.
Brandywine, A seedling of Crawford’s Late, and valu-
able for its large size, fine appearance, good quality, lateness and
market value ; fruit larger than its parent, and ripens ten days
later. Tree a strong grower and productive. August.
Wager. Very large, yellow, more or less colored on sunny
side ; juicy, fine flavor, one of the best for canning and drying.
Last of August.
Snow. Very early freestone, of good quality, ripening just
after Hale’s Early, clear white to the stone. Good to can or dry.
Muir. Originated in Solano county, Cal.; yellow, of good
quality. Good for canning or drying.
Thissell’s White Free. Large, white to the pit, slight
blush in the sun ; quality very good, cans well. California seed-
ling.
La Grange, [Fruit large, roundish, oblong, greenish white,
some red in sun; flesh juicy, melting, very rich and high
flavored. Excellent canning peach. Last of August.
Morris’ White. Medium to large; straw color, tinged
“with red; juicy and delicious, productive ; flesh white to the
stone. Good for canning. Middle of August.
Silver Medal. Large, white freestone, white at seed. Tree_
hardy and great bearer. Very popular wherever known.
Jones’ Seedling. Very large; yellow, dark red cheek in
sun ; ripens late, just before Smock’s Late. Tree very healthy
and strong grower.
Lord Palmerston. Very large ; skin creamy white, with
a pink red cheek, flesh firm, yet melting, very juicy and rich.
September 10th.
Stump the World. Very large, roundish, skin white, —
with a bright red cheek ; flesh white, juicy and good. Last of
August.
Salway. A very valuabie late peach; large, yellow, beau-
tifully mottled, with a brownish red cheek, very productive, high
color, good drying variety. September.
Geary’s Hold On. Large yellow peach. A seedling of
the Smock ; fruit large, pale lemon yellow, freestone, ripens ten
days after Smock, valuable when iate kinds are desirable.
PEACHES. 45
Mary’s Choice. A large Jersey peach, very similar to the
Crawford’s Early, but ripening a little later.
Bilyeu’s Late October. Fruit large, flesh white, with
bright red cheek ; in size and appearance much like Old Mixon
Free ; ripening ten days after Smock. Very valuable in all cases.
Smock. Fruit large; skin light orange yellow, mottled
with red ; moderately juicy and rich. Excellent as a late mar-
ket sort. September.
Gen. Bidwell. (New.) The name of this peach origi-
nated on Rancho Chico—and called Gen. Grant—was changed
by the State Horticultural Society, another peach having already
been called Gen. Grant. Very handsome, large, yellow freestone,
fruit rich, juicy, melting, with pale red cheek ; ripens about one
week later than late Crawford. 50 cts. each.
Bower’s Early. (New.) A handsome early peach of
great promise, ripening a week before Hale’s Early. Tree vigor-
ous and productive.
Golden Chance. An extra large peach, yellow, with full
red cheek, strong grower and great bearer, one of the best new
peaches. Good for canning or drying.
Clingstone Peaches.
Heath Cling. Very large, cream white; flesh greenish
white, tender, rich and juicy. A very popular variety. Septem-
ber.
Lemon Cling. A very large and beautiful lemon shaped
variety, light yellow, reddened in the sun; flesh yellow, rich and
vinous ; excellent for canning or preserves. Last of August.
- Wilkins, or Ringgold Mammoth Cling. Very large,
with a beautiful blush ; ripens with Heath, but nearly double the
size. A superb cling peach.
Orange Cling. One of the very finest of clings. Large,
roundish, skin orange yellow, shaded with red ; flesh yellow, fine
flavor, sweet, firm, rich, superb, good for canning. Middle of
July.
Edward’s Cling, (California.) An extra fine large yel-
low fleshed Cling, of California origin ; said to be one of the best
for market. Last of August.
46 CLINGSTONE PEACHES.
Old Mixon Cling. Large, pale yellow with red cheek ;
flesh nearly white, juicy, rich and good,\one of the best. August.
Indian Blood Cling. Large, dark claret, with deep red
veins, downy ; flesh deep red, very juicy, vinous and refreshing.
Golden Cling. Originated with A. T. Hatch, Suisun, Cal.,
who speaks of it in the highest terms as a canning peach.
Grove’s White Cling. Of the largest size, creamy white,
with some red at the pit, of good quality, firm and a good ship-
per. Late.
Grove’s Red Cling. Is similar to the above, but bearing
more red, and being later.
Seller’s Cling. Very large, rich, golden color, tree healthy;
one of the best of the clingstone peaches ; ripens with Late Craw-
ford.
_McKevitt’s Cling. A California seedling introduced by
¥. B. McKevitt, of Vacaville, Cal. A very large white peach,
white to the pit; flesh very firm; sugary and rich, high vinous
flavor. It bears transportation well, strong grower, and does not
curl.
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ALMONDS.
Languedoc. A well known standard variety.
Bidwell’s Mammoth. This is a seedling originated on
the Rancho Chico; is a hard shell of extra large size, and con-
tains a very rich, sweet kernel. Very good.
Drake’s Seedling. Originated by Mr. Drake, of Suisun,
Solano county, Cal. Itis of a weeping growth, yields abundantly,
a very soft shelled plump nut, with mostly double kernels, hulls
easily, and does not need bleaching.
I X L. This and the one following were introduced by Mr.
A. T. Hatch, of Suisun, Cal., and by him profitably grown. The
I X L almond is a stocky upright grower, and bears evenly over
the tree. The nuts are large, uniform in size, hull easily, are
bright, and in this climate will need no bleaching, shell very soft
and perfect.
Nonpareil. This almond is of similar growth to the I X L,
but not as stocky and with smaller leaves. When bearing the
trees droop with their load of very thin shelled nuts, one pound
of which yields ten and one half ounces of kernels. They hull
easily, and though thin shelled, bear more to the tree than does
the Languedoc of the same sized tree, single kernel, and does not
require bleaching. |
52 NATIVE GRAPES.
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Hardy Native Grapes.
Concord. A large, handsome grape, ripening a week or two
earlier than the Isabella ; very hardy and productive.
Isabella. Bunches long, large, loose; berry large, oval,
juicy, sweet and musky ; a vigorous grower, hardy, and an im-
mense bearer ; adapted for arbors.
Moore’s Early. Bunch medium ;_ berry large, round,
black, with a heavy blue bloom; flesh pulpy and of medium
quality.
Wilder. (Rodgers’ No. 4.) Bunch large, compact, shoul-
dered ; berry large, round, black; flesh tender, slight pulp at
center ; juicy, sweet, very hardy and vigorous grower, and prolific
bearer.
Agawam. (Rodgers’ No. 15.) One of the best of the red
varieties, bunch variable in size, sometimes large and handsome ;
flesh tender and juicy, vine a good grower and bearer.
Brighton. A cross between the Concord and Diana Ham-
burgh. Resembles Catawba in color, and in size and form of
bunch and berry ; flesh rich, sweet, one of the best.
Catawba. Bunches large and loose; berries large, of a
coppery color, becoming purplish when well ripened; vinous,
rich, matures later than the Isabella.
Delaware. This fruit has fully maintained its reputation
as one of the finest of our native grapes ; bunch small and com-
pact, berries small light red, with a violet bloom, beautiful, sweet,
sugary and vinous, with a musky aroma. It justly claims a place
in. every garden.
NATIVE AND FOREIGN GRAPES. 53
Salem. (Rodgers’ No. 53.) Bunch large, compact, berry
large round, coppery red; flesh tender, juicy, slight pulp. In
quality one of the beet.
Pocklington. A seedling of the Concord, bunch medium
to large, generally shouldered, berry large, roundish, light. golden
yellow when fully mature ; flesh pulpy, juicy, of fair quality.
Elvira. A white grape of medium size, highly esteemed in
some places. :
Triumph. (Campbell’s.) A large, fine, white grape, re-
quiring a long season; well suited to this climate.
Select Foreign Grapes.
Black Hamburg. Berries and bunches large ; one of the
best grapes for general cultivation, succeeds almost everywhere.
Black Malvoisie. Bunches large and long ; good for wine
or table,use.
Berger. An excellent variety for white wine ; extensively
grown in Sonoma county.
California, or Mission. The well-known Mission wine
grape.
Cornichon. Berries very large, oblong, covered with a
beautiful bloom; skin rather thick and dark; a good shipping
sort.
Flame Colored Tokay. Bunches and berries very large,
firm and sweet, valuable for market, and one of our best shipping
varieties. |
Muscat Hamburg. An English variety of great reputa-
tion, equal to the Black Hamburg in size and beauty, with the
musky flavor of the Muscat of Alexandria.
Malaga Raisin. An excellent grape for raisins, and a
good shipping variety.
Muscatello Gordo Blanco. A grape much like the Mus-
cat of Alexandria, with smaller seeds.and thinner skin ; the best
raisins are made of this kind.
Rose of Peru. Very large bunches, berries roundish,
brownish black ; valuable for market, one of the best.
\
54 FOREIGN GRAPES—RESISTANT VINES.
Muscat of Alexandria. Bunches large, berries very
large, oval, pale amber, flesh firm, moderately juicy, sweet and
rich, fine muscat flavor ; a good raisin grape, one of the best.
Purple Damascus. A large oval grape of fine quality.
Sultana. Long compact bunches; berries amber colored,
seedless, and make fine currants.
White Sweetwater. Bunches good size, open, berries
medium size, round; flesh crisp, watery, sweet but not high
flavored ; the first good early grape.
Zinfandel. Bunches large; requires to hang several weeks
after coloring before it is ripe ; one of the best for wine.
Emperor. A large rose-colored grape, one of the best for
shipping.
Resistant Vines,
We call especial attention to our large and fine stock of
resistant vines, which are one year old and suitable for grafting.
Vines grown on seedling and wild stock are considered the only
safeguard to make vineyards permanent and long lived; they
grow more vigorous and rapid when grafted on wild stock than if
on their own roots. Vineyards grafted in California during the
past five years have shown the adaptability of the wild grapes
for the foreign varieties of grapes, and full resistant to phylloxera,
the great underground enemy of the vine.
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SMALL FRUITS. 63
Red Raspberries.
Turner. One of the most valuable home and market sorts;
very hardy and vigorous.
Cuthbert. (Queen of the Market.)