i cQ of I! tr m r=\ o o CD m o Id/ 73. HATOMACE^E OF NORTH AMERICA, ILLUSTRATED WITH TWENTY-THREE HUNDRED FIGURES FROM THK AUTHOR'S DRAWINGS ONE HUNDRED AND TWELVE PLATES. BY THE REV. FRANCIS WOLLE, Author of " Hi-smids of the United States ;" " Fn-sli Water Alga of the Lhti't,;/ Stnt,-s I1KT1ILKHKM. I -A : T1IK COMENIUS PRKSS. 1894 TO Professor i!j. C. Smitl), OF HORART col, I, KUK, (JKNKVA. X. V THIS WORK [S WITH URKAT KKSPECT AND KsTKKM BY HIS GHATEFITL FHIEND, THK ATTIIOK. PREKACE. THE Diatoms have perhaps been more thoroughly studied than the other Algee, especially within the past fifty years. Among the noted investigators of American Diatoms was Dr. G. C. Ehrenberg, of Berlin, Germany, who in his several visits to this country, made careful explorations all the way from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. His labors resulted in his cele- brated work on Microgeologle or Microscopic Organisms < Diato- niacea?) published 1854-5J, besides numerous short papers in the Journals of the Academy of the Natural Science of Berlin. Pre- vious to Ehrenberg's publications, Prof. J. 1ST. Bailey, of West Point, N. Y., turned his attention to the Diatoms of the United States, and frequently contributed papers on this subject to the American Journal of Sciences and Arts (Siliman's Journal), New Haven. In 1S50 the Smithsonian Institute published his Microscopical observations in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Somewhat later, A. M. Edwards published several papers on the United States Diatomace;e ; and F. W. Lewis, M.D., contributed between 1861-05, notes on "New and Barer Species of Diatoms of the United States Sea Board ;" "On New and Singular Forms," etc. From this time contributions to the literature of Diatoms became more numerous. One of the most valuable of them, appeared in The Leu*, Chicago, 1S7L', by Prof. H. L. Smith, entitled "A Conspectus of the Families and Genera of the Diatomacese." Among other prominent investigators are Prof. J. D. Cox, of the Law School of Cincinnati; Dr. H. H. Chase, of Geneva, N. Y., and later of Michigan ; C. S. Peticolas. of Bichmond, Va., an industrious collector of the fossil Diatoms in his vicinity; Messrs. Briggs and Thomas, of Chicago, whose names are associated with the local Diatomace;e ; Kain, of Phila- delphia, Pa., familiar with the forms about Atlantic City, N. J.; Shultze, whose field is Staten Island and the neighborhood of New York City; Vorce, of Cleveland. Ohio; Newcomber. of Indianapolis, Ind. : M. A. Booth, Longmcado\\ . Mass.. and VI DIA'I'oAl AC!-;. K ()!•' NORTH AMERICA. many others, all of whom have rendered valuable service as col- lectors, as preparers of specimens or as students of the structure, habits, growth and development of Diatoms. Among foreign writers who have described many North American forms are Ch. Stodder, who described the diatoma- ceous earth found at Randolph, Mass., Richmond, Va., and at Santa Monica, Cal.; B. K. Greville. F. Kitton, C. Janisch, L. Rabeuhorst, A. Gruuow and others are associated with species found in western territories and waters from Vaucouvers Sound and southward across the Continent to Campeachy Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. Upwards of eight thousand species of Diatoms are recorded in Chase's edition of Habirshaw's Catalogue of the Diatomacese of the world, 1888. Of these, less than two thousand are North American species, but the figures and descriptions of these are scattered through many and rare volumes of Journals of Scien- tific Societies, magazines, reports of expeditions, beside special works: for which reason students find the literature of the Dia- toms very difficult and costly to obtain. In the present volume is collected the cream of what has been already written on the subject, as well as the figures of all known North American species together with the most approved system of classification. I follow the example of Adolph Schmidt in his Alias der Diatomacean Kun.de in letting the figures suffice for a description of the species. The Conspectus of the Families and Genera of the Diatomacea- in this work, is that of Prof. H. L. Smith, of Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y., originally published in The Lean. January. 1872, and which Dr. H. Van Heurck has also adopted in his Synopsis der Diaionu-i'* d<- 7>V////V/w. a few subdivisions of genera being added. I gratefully acknowledge the very valuable assistance freely extended to me by that veteran authority, Prof. H. L. Smith, to whom I submitted the plates of this work prior to their being photolithographed. I am also greatly indebted to Dr. H. H. Chase, of Michigan, through personal correspondence and his invaluable catalogue of the Diatomacese of the world. Nor can I omit to mention Prof. J. D. Cox. of Cincinnati, Ohio, B. N. Thomas, of Chicago, or Kain, of Philadelphia, Pa., all willing friends in time of need. BIBLIOGRAPHY, 01! ABBREVIATIONS OF NAMES OF AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS CON- SULTED IN PREPARING THIS MONOGRAPH. . A. J. M.— American Journal of Microscopy, X. Y., 1876-1880. A. n, isiiit. yiii DIATn}! ACK.K OF NoKTJI AMERICA. HI-;II;. Conspectus Criticns Diatomaccarnm, per P. A. Heiberg, Copen- hagen, isiiii. JAN. C.TAN. — Xur Characteristic des (Juanos Abh'd. der Schleisch (Jesel. von c. Janisch, Breslau, IMiil, IsiiJ. JAN. AMI K \i:.— Ueber Meeres Diatouieen von Honduras, von C. Jaiiisch and Dr. L. Rabenhorst, 1862. ,j. (^ (\ — Jour, of the Quekett Mic. Club, London, lyiiS. K i TTOX.— (F.) Diata? of Xorfolk Trans. N. II. S.. of Norwich. ls7~>. K. 15. — Die Kieselschaliger Bacillarien. F. T. Kiitzing Xordhansen, KS44. LKXS. — The Lens, a Quarterly Journal of Mic., Chicago, IsTii, IST-'I. LEWIS, X. AND I. FORMS. — On some new and Singular Intermediate Forms of Dirfta' by F. W. Lewis, Proc. Pliila. Acad. Xat. Sciences, ISii.".. IMOWIS, X. AND R. SP. — Xoles on new and rare Sp. of Diatto from the I". S. Sea Board, F. W. Lewis, Phila., 1861. LKWIS. W., M.D. — On extreme and exceptional variations of Diat;e in \\'hite Mountains, F. W. Lewis. Philadelphia Academy of Science, 1S-V>. M. I). — Micrographic Dictionary, Kriflitli F. Henfrey, London, IsT'i. M. J. — Quarterly Journal of Microscopic Science, London. M. M. J. — Monthly Microscopic Journal, London, isiin. Nrr/.. — Beitrag zur Infusiorienkunde, von Dr. C. L. Nit/sch, Halle, isiu. ( >. M^. 1. D. — Report on the Irish Diatie by Rev. Kug. O'Meary. Proc. Royal Irish Academy. Vol. :i, LS7K NORTH AMKUK'A. STRUCTURE OK DIATOMS. Iii the pill-box-like silicious structure of Diatoms, the top and bottom constitute the win-*: the sides are known as the connecting membranes or sutuntl -ones and when detached are termed hoops; in some, the valves do not fold over but merely rest against each other edge on edge. The line of junction forms a suture, along which the valves readily separate. H. L. Smith divides Diatoms into three groups, according to the pres- ence or absence of a raphe or median line, viz., Raphidiese, Pseudo-Eaphidieie and Crypto Raphidie;e. The first has a dis- tinctly true raphe or median line which usually has median and terminal enlargements or nodules ; the second has no raphe but a pseudo-median line without nodules or enlargements ; in both of these groups, the valves are much longer in the direction of the raphe or pseudo-raphe and therefore are more or less bacillar. The third group has the raphe concealed and the pseudo-raphe absent, the valves circular, often angular and sometimes broadly elliptical. The raphe is a true cleft which in the first group divides the valves equally and is supposed to be the means by which the contents of the frustule communicate with the outer world. In one or the other of these three groups, all known forms of the Diatom may be included. Besides the simple frustule and envelopes, diatoms often pre- sent hairs, horns or bristles, which are usually silicious. They are most abundant on group three, less so on group two and are rarely found in group one. They are mostly marginal or sub- marginal, and are sufficiently persistent to have led to the nam- ing of genera and species in accordance with their presence or absence. The mere adherence of the frustules gives rise to what are termed filamentous forms ; thus, in group I, we have Diadesmix. a genus founded alone on this characteristic ; Fragilar/a, in group II, is but an association of N////r///Yc .• also, the Pleurosigma differ from the Xaviculca' in the sigmoid median line as well as in the sigmoid form of the frustules. As a general rule, free forms belong to group I. the Hat fila- mentous to group II. the cylindrical and most of the irregular forms to group III. CONTENTS OF DIATOMS. The colored internal portions of a Diatom are for the same genus, usually arranged in the same manner. Any departure therefrom, is accompanied by differences in the build of the frustule: for which reason, microscopists have been disposed to classify Diatoms agreeably to the arrangement of the endo- chrome ; which, however, has nothing to commend it especially as regards the immense masses of fossil Diatoms which can be described only by their frustules. The contents of the Diatom are enclosed in a membrane that is firmly attached to the frustule, and possesses a higher vitality than the external membrane; for when the contents thrust the halves of the tVustule apart, the internal membrane elaborates the si lex for the inside edge of the sutural / ;in«l the /.ones for the new valves. Within the membranous sac is a dimly colored band more or less granular, attached to the inner surface of the internal mem- brane directly beneath the valves and along the /.ones; it is contractile and apparently serves to hold the valves togriher besides equally dividing the contents of the Diatom, by means of extremely thin membranous walls which issue from it. Xii DIATOMACE.E OF NORTH AMERICA. Possibly this structure pertains to all diatoms, though it can be detected only in the larger specimens. MOVEMENTS OF DIATOMS. These have excited the curiosity of all observers and given rise to a belief with many, that the Diatom belongs tofche animal rather than to the vegetable world: but though the latter opinion now prevails, yet the cause of the movement of Diatoms has not thus far been satisfactorily accounted for even by those who have, like H. L. Smith, devoted much attention to the sub- ject. This gentleman, at the tenth annual meeting of the Amer- ican Society of Microscopists. presented ''J. Contribution to the Life History of the DiatomacecE^ in which he says: "I am dis- posed to consider" .for reasons he had previously stated at length) "that the motion of the Xavicule;e is due to injection and expulsion of water, and that these cm-rents are caused by different tension of the" (internal "membranous sac in the two halves of the frustule. In those Diatoms which do not have the central band thus binding the frustules, as for example, the Si/nertrir, the Fr(tf/itfiriltii'/ii/nr/tix is propaga1c<| in this manner. x ;>d. By the differentiated contents of a xiii frustule prodnc ing one sporangium, the most common mode of propagation a> well as the lowest in the scale, as in the free form. <'i/ml><-/l/•: f. v. — Front rii'ir.] Plant a FRUSTULES ($ilk'i.onx bo.r), bivnlvc. t>seudo-nnicellular, and with an external, more or less apparent, gelatinous en- velope, and an internal investing membrane, with eiidocliromc. GEMMIPAKOUS INCREASE by SELF DIVISION. KKIMJODUCTIOX l>y ('ONJTXJATION. TRIBE T. RAPHIDIE.E. i ;i disiind raphe and nodules on one or both v;iives: cenl ral nodnlc rarely wanting or ob- si arc ; valves simple 01 eom])lex ; raphe nerally prominent i i s. v., occasionally in 1'. v., especially •\ hen const riclcd. wit li a/ways with FEUS T u i, E s mostly bacillar in s. v. ; some- times broadly oval ; without flodules at the con st rict ions ; ! t< 'th, s]>incs. awns, or | processes. 10 1)1 ATOM ACE. E OF NORTH AMERICA. TRIBE IT. F It V S T 1T L E S generally bacil- lar in s.v. some- times broadly oval ; or snbor- bicular — very rarely orbicu- lar. Frustules \\ ith or without nodules : PSEUDO KAPHIDIlvE. f a pseudo-raphe (simple line or blank space) on one or both valves: or longitudinal septa or vithe in f. v., or valves fusiform, sigmoid, beaked, or alate, or with numerous trans- verse ribs, plicae, cos tae. striae, or rows of granules on one or both valves, rarely regularly radial ; cos tae sometimes show always with either \ ing in f. v. without except spines very rarely among the Surirellese, or Tabella- rie;e. when the charac- ter is al- ready sut'li ciently in- dicated by the above. never angular in s. v. hyaline, unstriate, or much developed in f. v. // n1 ess longitudinally septate. I processes, j teeth, spines, . awns, or true raplie on the valves rarely CONSPECTUS OF TIIK K.UI I LI KS AM) ( i K\ KRA. TKIHK III. either FRUSTULES generally cir- cular, s ub -cir- cular or angnlai1 in s. v., more rarely eliptical oval, or bacil- lar. ; never CRYPTO RAPHIDIE^E. much developed in f. v., ami filamentous ; or with processes, t eet h. s])incs. or uwiis ; or more 01- less hyaline or irregular ; or transversely septate (or cost ate) in f. v. with a central liiirttr blank space or true raphe, on the valves, except a raphe or pse ado - rap he in K' : i phidodiscus. v. microscope, "May, 1889, p. i:;r>. I ANALYSIS <)F THE FAMILIES. TRIBE I. RAPHIDIE.K. Lettered figures refer to Families named in last paragraph of each section. Plain tiyures refer to the corresponding numbers on the left of each section. I" Frustules with valves alike 2 ( Frustules with valves unlike 1 -. ( Valves cuneate *< ' ( Valves not cuneate 7 ., \ Valves symmetrically divided by the raphe . 4 ( Valves not so divided i Valves alate, or obliquely striate 4 .'!. Valves not as above, more or less arcuate or cymlti- ( form \ Valves with central nodule equally distant from ends. ( Valves not as above 5 _ < Valves with central nodule obscure or wanting.. M5 ( Valves not as above '» i Valves with central nodule unequally distant from (>. ends 8(A ( Valves not as above 7 f Frustules gen aflexed, nodule or stauros on one valve, usually on the concave margin i at the constric- tion , valves rarely broadly oval . I All others, valves generally broadly oval, rarely l>ent SK 9 l-s niA'nnrArE.K 01- \OUTII AMERICA. f A . ('VAinELLEJE (I.) B.. XAVICULEJS (II.) GOMPHONEME^E. (III. ) D AC'HNANTHEJE... (IV.) (E.. OoccoNiDEvK (V.) TEIBP] II. PSFTDO RAPHIDIF.F. I Frustules compound : really or apparently longitudi- nally septate or vitiate: septa or vittae showing distinctly in f. v 1 L Frustules not as above, or only seen in s. v. L> i Arcuate in f. v. .apparently .septate ?), valves alike, j or differing only by a pseudo -nodule at ends of concave valve 9A L All others 9B / Valves circular, sub-circular, very broadly oval, or -. differently costate ;! Valves not as above 4 I Valves mostly hyaline, with a lew pervious costae ., (scalariform . or arcuate f. v., with valves differ- ently costate, really septate in f. v 9B 1 All others 9C t Valves fusiform, sigmoid. or beaked, or one margin 4. - more strongly marked than the other 9C I Valves not as above 5 ( Valves transversely undulate (undulations eonspieu- 5. ; ous in f. v. , with transverse shaded bands 9( 1 (. Valves not as above r> f Fi'ustules in f. v. with beaded margins (especially (. on one side), not ends of costae; or carinate, or i alate 90 L P'rnstules not as above 7 I Valves pervious or dimidiate, costate or striate, or transvei'sely or irregularly dotted (not carinate or I alate) 9A I- Valves not as above S i Frustules with a row of marginal sub-capitate pro cesses, or alate, or carinate '. 9< ' (. Frustules not as above 9A cA FKAGILARIEYE... (\'l.) !>. B TABELLAEIEJE... iVII.) (.0 8UR1BBLLE2B (VIII.) OF TIIK KAMI I. IKS AM) (ii;\KRA. ]!» TRIBE III. CEYPTO-EAPHIDIB^E. Frustules cylindrical, or flattened, valves alike (ter- minated by a calyptra); pointed wit h a brist le ISA - Frustules not as above 1 ( Frustules with valves unlike, or mostly smooth ; and «/ furnished with awns, horns (elongated processes', spines, or setae, which are sometimes absent or imperfect in fossil forms: frequently imperfect l\ •silicious. valve not ribbed radically, or cellulose... ISA I Frustules not as above 2 I Frustules imperfectly silicious, connecting /one 2 more or less turgid ; connected in distant series; valve angular, with long central spine ISA L Frustules not as above... 3 ., ( Valves with a single pseudo-nodule ls<; ( Valves not as above 4 _j I Valves lunate, not transversely costate, or septate... ls<; (. Valves not as above ."» ! Valves somewhat hispid: with sinuato-ivliculate lines i not rayed) is,(i Valves not as above.... i; f Valves circular or angular, not much developed in (i f. v., with (obscurely) reticulate center, and con spicuous pore-like puncta ls(l Valves not as above 7 f Valves alike, smooth (hyaline), with radiating lines . (linear rays not terminating in a spine); raysdefi- | nite (few; 18F Valves not as above S f Frustules cuneate in f. v.. or with decided ocelli, s processes, or tubercles, generally few and promi- nent in f. v. (not spines alone) 11 Frustules not as above !» f Frustules cohering: generally much developed in f. v.. and cylindrical: '.irmly silicious: valves rarely hyaline, unlike, or elliptical : without me- dian line; sometimes apiculate, or conical, or with -, ., a peculiar central nodule (spine ; radi;i!e punc tate. or cellulate; and frequenlly with mnrginal or sub-marginal spines. Krustules cohering by smooth sutui'al lines, «»r by marginal spines 01 teeth, or by a central spine.. . 1>SI> I Frustules and valves not as above lL' 20 DIATOMACE.E OF NORTH AMERICA. i Frustules traversely septate, or costate : cuneate, !>. angular, or sub angular 11 ' Frustules not as above 10 ( Frustules not much developed in f. v. (free), rarely angular, neither lunate nor cuneate 1M> j All others, filamentous, generally much developed in f. v ISC Valve disc more or less undulate, divided into regu- lar compartments, usually alternate light and 1U. ! dark ; mostly with marginal or sub-marginal spines or teeth 18E Valves not as above 13 r, \ Valves hyaline, with umbilical lines 1SF I Valves not as above 14 i Valves with definite, irregular, flexuose, or bifurcate 14.- rays; not hispid, nor with marginal spines 18F (. Valves not as above l.r> 1r ( Valves hyaline, rays definite, not reaching margin... 1SF ( Valves not as above 16 ( Valves with spathulate, cordate, or deltoid rays, their 1(5. -N bases frequently forming a hyaline central area 18F (. Valves not as above 17 t Valves with large marginal hyaline spaces, which 17. are neither circular nor hexagonal isl<" ( All others 18G (' A CHJETO(.'ERE;K B MELOSIRE.E (X.) ! C BlDDULPHIE.E (XI.) is. ; D EUPODISCE.E (XII.) E HKI.IOPELTE^ (XIII.) F. ASTEROLAMPREJE. (XVI.) ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA. Names of the Genera printed in Italics are not North American. TRIBE I. KAPHIDIE.E. FAMILY* I. CYMIJELLE.K. f Frustules sometimes complex : frequently hyaline, or inflated or constricted in f. v. : with central nodules approximate, and touching the connecting /•me; median line often indexed. Valves fre- quently with a transverse line istauros1; "con- necting membrane'' often longitudinally striate or punctate AMI'IK>I;A i. , Frustules not as above 1 <'ONSI>K1 { Frustules simple, arcuate in s. v.. linear in f. v.. raphe and central nodule marginal in s. \ . . valve 1. ! sonietimes inflated in the center of ventral margin ( 'KI.'ATOXKIS II. All others, raphe frequently curved ('YMISKKKA in. FAMILY II. NAVMTLK.K. c Frustules compound, — valves with loenli (marginal cells) MASTOGLOIA iv. (. Frustules not as above 1 Frustules compound (each valve with two plates >: one (superior) with transverse ribs, the other 1. -| (inferior) striate, with raphe and nodules STUTODKS.MIS v. I Frustules not as above 2 c Valves with a conspicuous, transverse, smooth sili- 2. - cious band istauros' not a late STAUKOXKIS vi. ( V al ves not as above :> { Valves sigmoid, or arcuate ; or frustules alate, or 3. s raphe inflexed or renexed ."> I Valves and frustules not as above 4 t Valves with a central nodule NAVKTKA vn. 4. - Valves without central nodule (or obscure).. ( AMPHIPLEURA vin. f Valves symmetrically divided by the raphe : frus- tules not alate, rarely constricted in f. v PLEUKOSKJMA ix. Valves or frustules not as above <> Valves not symmetrically divided by the raphe, which is arcuate, ends renexed, and marginal.. 0. •! TOXOMDIA X. All others, alate, usually constricted in f. v AMPHIPROHA xi. FAMILY III. GOMPHOXE.ME^:. i Frustules curved in f. v., nodule on concave valve... EHOIKOSIMIKMA xn. (. All others O< >M riK IXKM A xm. FAMILY IV. ACII.XAXTIII:.];. Free or stipitate ..Aciix \.\TIIKS \i\. FAMILY V. COCCONIDEJE. ( Valves with marginal cells Ortlion<>ix \\ . i Valves not as above ' DI. \TOMA (•!•:.!•: OF NORTH A: M HI MCA. < Valves not symmetrically divided by the raphe 1. - Aiiniilicitt XVI. (. All others CCXVOXKIS xvn. TRIBE II. PSEUDO-RAPHIDIE.K. FAMILY VI. FI;A(;ILARIE.E. Frustules arcuate in f. v.. valves with interrupted transverse striae or costae ; and one or both valves with pseudo-nodules (blank spaces) at the ends. ... GEPHYRIA \\iii. [ Frustules and valves not as above 1 I Frustules more or less arcuate in s. v., with trans- verse (often granulate) ribs (canaliculi. W. /S. > : 1. which in f. v. frequently cause the margin or sub- margin to appear beaded, or dentate EPITHEMIA xix. [ Frustules not as above 2 Frustules arcuate in s. v. : not ribbed : valves trans- versely striate, without median line or nodule, and with pseudo-nodules at the ends, on concave mar- gin EUNOTIA xx. [ Frustules not as above :> f Valves with a pseudo-raphe. and transverse rows of o granules within square eells (clathrate); central and terminal nodules distinct GLYTIIODKSMIS xxi. Valves not as above 4 Valves cruciform ; with interrupted transverse striae (not clathrate'. central nodule very distinct. 4. ! Frustules in f. v., with terminal vittae:' <>>!l/>//Kix XXII. Valves not as above 5 f Valves with central and terminal nodules (or blank spaces), latter prominent in f. v. ; and pseudo- median line (not always distinct > ; valves fre- quently constricted or inflated at the middle: frustules cohering J>i(nlrsntit< xxm. t 'Valves not as above 6 I Valves with a central (generally transverse) blank space, and a central pseudo-ocellus : or with two or more < few ) strong pervious costae in the middle, which are prominent in f. v. ; and transverse genera!l\ moniliform interrupted i striae or costae. or square cellules ; and terminal nodules I'LACHM; i; \ M.M A \ xiv. YaKesnot as above 7 <'<)\S|'K(Trs OF TIM-: FAMILIES AND GKNERA. 23 Frustules cohering; quadrangular in f. v.. valves without central nodule; striae interrupted by a smooth median line or a blank space; \al\es in fluted or constricted; terminal nodules present. and generally prominent in f. v DLMKKKI; UAM.M A \\\. I Frustules not as above s I Frustules with a serrated snl ure : valves without a s median line, and with transverse conspicuous rows of pores or dots. .. Tcrebn/ria \ x v r. Frustules not as above . . «) Frustules in f. v. narrow, linear; valves lanceolate or inflated; with conspicuous moniliform (gener- }.j ) ally somewhat radiate), transverse striae; and a median line or black space (frequently obscure or wanting); nodules absent RAPH<>\I;IS xxvu. I Frustules not as above 10 i Frustules sessile, solitary, or in twos, elongated. linear; slightly cuneate ; valve finely striate. con- 10. i stricted at one end. and without median line Peroiiitt \\vni. I Frnst ules not as above 11 | Frustules linear in f. v. ; somewhat hyaline, and en- larged at one end ; valves striate, without median . line or nodule ; cuneate, and constricted at one end ; united in a stellate or zigzag manner A.STERIONELI.A XXIX. L Frustules not as above IL* Frustules much elongated; valves with a smooth median line or blank space, sometimes obscure : frequently a central pseudo-nodule; transversely '-• I striate, never costate ; sometimes slightly cuneate, or bent, sessile, filamentous, or attached end to end SVNKDRA x\\. v Frustules not as above 1 : ! I Frustules very much elongated, straight or undulate; valves inflated at the middle, slender < awn-like . 1.'!. somewhat irregularly punctate in s. v., without median line, or nodules To.fftritnn xxxi. Frustules not as above 1-4- f Frustules cuneate ; margin smooth; valves hyaline. I - or finely striate, with a median line LH'IUnl'lloUA \\XMI. ' Frustules not as above . Hi 24 DIATOM A CE.T: OF XORTH AMERICA. Valves finely striate. punctate, or more or less hya- line ; never costate ; median line wanting1 or ob- scure; frustules narrow in f. v., sometimes inflated 14. J ( nndulato-arcuate) or constricted ; margins smooth, cohering, forming a straight, sometimes zigzag, filament ....................................... FRAGILARIA xxxn. Valves and frustules not as above ......................... 15 f Frustules cuneate ; valves transversely costate or distinctly granular striate, with a median line ..... PODOCYSTIS xxx rv. I Frustules not as above ........................................ 17 f Frustules compound ; valves costate or ribbed ; ends of costae prominent, sub-marginal and capitate in f. v. : frustules not cuneate .............. DENTICULA xxx \ . All others ; valves costate ; linear, or cuneate in f. v.; cohering; filament zigzag, curved, or straight DIATOM A xxxvi. FAMILY VII. TABELLARIEJ-K. ( Frustules linear, or cuneate, and in f. v., with inonil- iforni vittae (ends of costae); valves divided into chambers by transverse ribs (scalariform); outer valve finely pervious striate, without median line. CLIMAC'OSPHENIA XXXVII. Frustules not as above ....................................... ] i. Frustules curved in f. v. ; valves costate ; dissimilar ; 1. \ septae rudimentary ........................... Entopyla xxxvin. (. Frustules not as above ............................ f Frustules in f. v. with straight vittae, which are usually alternate ; cohering, forming a zigzag fila- 2. -j meut ; valves transversely striate, and inflated at center and ends ............................ T ABELLARIA xxxix. Frustules not as above ........ .' .................. c Frustules with straight vittae, in pairs, and inter - 3. - rupted at the ends and center in f. v.. ..Diatomella XL. (. Frustules not as above ............ ....... ...... 4 I Frustules «ith vittae in pairs, which are straight or undulate in f. v. ; not interrupted or enlarged at 4. -{ the ends: cohering, forming a zigzag filament ...... GR A:\nrvTOPHORA XLI. [ Frustules not as above .......................................... •"> f Frustules filamentous; vittae in f. v. somewhat en- r larged at the ends (clavate); valves pervious cos- late : costae few. showing in f. v ...... G<>ii>i>li<>!/ritm« \i.n. Frustules not asahovr CONSPECTUS OF THE FAMILIES AND GENKKA. LT> ,i A ( f Valves without pervious costae, quite smooth, or j j very finely striate ; often with fine median line ; frustules hyaline in f. v 7 - Valves and frustules not as above 9 Frustules with spines (bristles) at the angles in f. v.. Atllinia XLTII. (. Frustules without spines 8 Septae (or vittae) in f. v., interrupted, alternate TESSELLA XLIV. Septae not interrupted STRIATELLA XLV. Frustules compound ; valves with a median line, and generally blank ends ; costate or striate. Septae in f. v. connected by transverse striae (latticed); } frustules cohering, forming a flat filament BHABDONEMA XLVI. Valves mostly hyaline, with a few pervious costae (scalariforni); linear, orbicular, or inflated BlBLARIUM XLVII. FAMILY VIII. SURIRELLE^E. f Frustules compound ; valves broadly oval, unlike ; one costate, the other sieve-like (cribrose), punc- I tate ; without nodules CAMPYLONEIS XLVIII. I Frustules not as above 1 f Valves transversely undulate, undulations conspicu- . ous in f. v. ; striate, and with a few transverse I shaded bands : CYMATOPLEURA XLIX. I Valves not as above 2 f Frustules in f. v. showing a marginal row of short, o j sub-capitate processes ; valves transversely costate j (scalariforni) Clavularin L. ^ Frustules not as above 3 Frustules bent in s. v., margins finely dotted, valves striate, without median line, and with an unequally 3. notched inflation at one end ; cohering in a stel- late manner ACTINELLA LI. [_ Frustules not as above 4 f Frustules linear in f. v. ; arcuate, with rounded ends in s. v. ; margins punctate ; valves finely striate, without median line, terminal nodules on the con- cave margin. Frustules cohering in a zigzag man- ner, or in tables Desmogonium LII. L Frustules not as above • -r» 3 26 DIATOMACE.^R OF NORTH AMERICA. Frustules (inconspicuously) alate ; valves elliptical or linear; not cuneate; parallel (dimidiate, mar- ginal, or wavy) striate ; rarely costate ; median line, if present, simple, and not beaded or con- spicuously marked ; valves sometimes bent along the longer axis (apparently ) ................ Tryblionella LTII. v. Frustules not as above ........................................ <5 [ Frustules alate (sometimes inconspicuously); valves cuneate, reniform, oval, or subcircular ; rarely linear, frequently twisted ; with simple median line, or more or less linear blank space ; center j sometimes blank, or finely dotted ; margins or sub- margins strongly marked (somewhat radiate); cos- tate or plicate (canaliculate, W. N. ). ...... SURIRELLA LTV. All others (usually, finely striate >, linear, constricted, inflated, sigmoid. beaked, fusiform or carinate ; free, adherent, or in tubes ...................... NITZSCHIA LV. TRIBE III. CRYPTO RAPHIDIE.E. FAMILY IX. CH^TOCERE.E. [ Frustules annulate ; cohering ; elongate ; ends alike, calyptriform ; tipped with a spine or mucro ; often imperfectly silicious ........................ RHIZOSOLENTA LVI. I Frustules not as above ........................................ 1 ( Frustules with horns (elongated processes ; not 1. spines simply); valves frequently unlike .............. 2 (. Frustules with spines or bristles; or awns; or smooth. 3 c Frustules compressed, the sutural portion narrow ; horns frequently branching or bifurcate ; some- times niucronate ; valves and horns sometimes with short scattered spines ; horns sometimes ob- tuse, short (mammae "> .......................... DICLADIA LVII. Frustules elongated ; horns niucronate ; valves dis- similar; generally one horn (or process) or one valve, two on the other .................... Syringydium LVIII. ( Spines 011 one valve only ; frequently long, and 3. -; sometimes branching ..................... SYNDENDRIUM LIX. ' Frustules not as above ........................... ............. 4 Valves angular ; spine central ; sutural portion more or less turgid (imperfectly silicious); valves with •4. -j a radiate series of dots; frust ales connected in a distant series ........................................ DITYLUM LX. Valves not as above ............................................ f> CONSPECTUS OF THE FAMILIES AND Cl M.K'A. 27 Spines (setae!) marginal; on both valves; valves dissimilar, mostly hyaline HERCOTHECA LXI. All others, valves frequently awued ; or with minute 5. •{ scattered spines ; or dissimilar ; hvaliue, or im- I * perfectly silicious ; or frustules compound; awns often absent in fossil forms; leaving- valves ni- tirely smooth CH.*;TOCEROS LXII. FAMILY X. MELOSIEE.^. r Frustules apiculate ( drawn out at the extremities or margins to a point) 1 I Frustules not as above 2 f Frustules cylindrical ; apiculate in f. v. ; valves j, I unlike.. PYXILLA LXIII. j Frustules not cylindrical ; apiculate in s. v. ; valves alike Peponia LXIV. f Valves with a central spine, or coronal or scattered 2 spines ; not ribbed ; frustules cohering by the i spines STEPHANOPYXIS LXY. I- Valves and frustules not as above 3 f Frustules cylindrical ; with somewhat large regular 0 j marginal teeth, and peculiar central clasping spine. Syndetocystis LX v i . t Frustules not as above 4 f Valves elliptical or constricted; with marginal spines . or teeth; and central, peculiar nodule EUTILARIA LXYII. I- Valves not as above 5 f Frustules cylindrical ; ends constricted and finally f. expanded into a connecting nodule 8trangulonema LXVIIF. L Frustules not as above <> f Frustules cylindrical ; with a border of much elori- Q gated cells at junction of margins in f. v j Skeletonenia LXIX. I Frustules not as above • • 7 r Valves circular ; with curved marginal rays, and 7. -j minute marginal teeth DISCOSIRA=MELOSSRA LXXII (. Valves not as above Valves dissimilar ; somewhat conical or inflated in f, v. ; with radiating lines or ribs ; not branching, nor bifurcate at extremities ; apex truncated ; j usually spinous ; interspaces punctate.. STEPH ANOCOMA i,\ \. I Frustules not as above •' DIATOM ACE JE OF NORTH AMERICA. r Frustules marked with spiral or crossed bands in f. v. 9. I Liparogym LXXI. (. All others MELOSIRA LXXII. FAMILY XI. BIDDULPHIE^:. f Fi'iistnles with one neck-like process; generally ob- lique; cohering irregularly, valves unlike... ISTHMIA LXXIII. «. Frustules not as above 1 f Frustules transversely costate in f. v. ; costae more or less capitate, resembling music notes ; valves 1. ] transversely costate ; without spines or median line TERPSINOE LXXI v. Frustules not as above 2 c Frustules transversely costate, or scalariform ; costae (septae) showing in f. v., not capitate, valves often lunate, connecting zone hyaline or striate ANAULUS LXXV. - Frustules not as above 3 f Frustules mostly hyaline, or imperfectly silicious, forming a straight or curved filament; processes obscure, or absent ..EUCAMPIA LXXVI. I Frustules not as above 4 f Processes generally straight on the outer margin in f. v. ; and tipped with a spine or mucro. which is 4. ! sometimes obscure HEMIAULUS LXXVII. All others BIDDULPHIA LXXVIII. I Angular forms TRICERATIUM. FAMILY XII. EUPODISCE^:. ( Valves with plumose rays or dots about the flat rnas- toid processes (or ocelli); rarely obscure; some- times with a sub-quadrate central portion ; or a radiant cellulation interrupted by a linear series terminating iu the ocelli AULISCUS LXXIX. Valves not as above 1 f Valves circular or oval ; with the ocelli, or pseudo- openi ngs, in compartments Craspedoporus LXX x i . Valves discoid with a central thickening or obscure nodule, and an interrupted raphe terminated by minute spines or spiniform nodules somewhat within the margin of the disc ; central portion of the disc uaviculoid, depressed, its ends terminating at the spines. Striae radiate moniliforni, extending from r:iph(' to the margin of the valve. . .EAPHIDODISCUS. Valves not as above 3 CONSPECTUS OF TIIK FAMILIES AND OKNKI.'V. '_".» I Valves with decided ribs, fays, or furrows, connect ing the ( usually large) processes or tubercles AULACODISCl'S l.\\\. L Aralves not as above ....2 ('Valves circular; with a radiating series of minute punctae, and marginal tubercles Pcritlit/ra i.xxxn. Marginal tubercles smaller, valves radiate granulate, o circular or oval CESPODISCI'S Lxxxn2. o. ^ All others, ocelli (tubercles, or processes) generally quite large, and few, usually sub-marginal ; cel- lules or granules, rarely radial, or minute EUPODISCUS LXXXIII. FAMILY XIII. HELIOPELTE.K. f Valves with marginal spines obsolete; or if present, few, and in alternate compartments ACTINOPTYCHUS LXXXIV. I Valves not as above 1 Valves with a hyaline (stellate) umbilicus, with mar ginal spines or teeth, connected by a radial rib . -- Halionyx LXXXV. 1. | Valves with numerous marginal spines or teeth ; and a hyaline umbilicus ; often hyaline spaces at the base ( angles) of each compartment I HELIOPELTA LXXXV i. FAMILY XIV. ASTEROLAMPRE.E. I Valves hyaline, angular or circular ; with straight rays or ribs not expanded at margin or center, and not reaching the margin LISOTEPHANIA LXXXVII. Valves not as above • • 1 Disc radiate-punctate, cellulate or granulate; with several well-defined linear blank spaces (ribs j, from 1. ] the margin inwards ; center granulate, not stellate. AcriNoniscrs LXXXVIII. Valves not as above . Valves inflated, hyaline, or punctate, center some- times stellate ; rays linear; more or less bifurcat- 2. i ing, and somewhat irregular: interspaces blank, or with curved or sinuose lines .CLADOGE \MM v i.x\\i\. Valves not as above .'10 DIATOMACE^E OF NORTH AMERICA. Valves hyaline ; with a broad margin divided by simple rays ; center hyaline, or granulate, reticu- late, or minutely punctate ................... MASTOGONIA xc. I All others ....................................... ASTEROLAMPRA xci. FAMILY XV. COSCINODISCE.E. f Disc with a circle of large marginal or intra-mar- ginal cellules ; and radiate, or scattered cellules or punctae Heterodictyon xcn. - Valves not as above 1 f Disc with an interior ring of cellules separating the .. center from the broad marginal rim ; cellulation of center, curved or spiral Briglitwellia xcirr. L Valves not as above 2 j Disc very convex, or conical in f. v. ; with a con- (. Valves not as above spicuous, central-pseudo-opening Porodiscus xciv. f Disc cellulose ; large, with a broad border of a differ - q j ent structure, separated by a well-defined margin. CRASPEDODISCUS xcv. I Valves not as above 4 f Disc hyaline ; with distinct umbilicus, and (very) finely marked : with rayed or decussating lines... 4. -j HYALODISCUS xcvi. Probably often valves of PODOSIRA=MELOSIRA LXXII. Valves not as above 5 f Disc cellulose ; with a narrow (somewhat dentate) P. rim; connecting zone cellulose ENDICTYA=MELOSIRA LXXII. I Valves not as above 6 Disc without marginal spines, teeth, or pseudo- nodule ; usually of small or medium size ; and generally with an outer ring-like portion either smooth or striate ; center often bull ate, smooth, or 6 ' granulate ; granules equal, scattered, or rayed, or disc hyaline (or finely punctate), with strong linear straight rays CYCLOTELLA xcvn. Valves not as above 7 f Frustules complex1? disc circular, generally with a marginal or submarginal pseudo-nodule (sometimes absent); frequently with minute marginal spines 7. -J or teeth ; and with a single or double series of radiating dots or punctate often subulate < !) blank spaces. ACTINOCYCLUS xc'vrn. Frustules not as above N CONSPECTUS OF THE KAMIKIKS AM) <;KAKK\. :>1 | Frustules cuneate in f. v., lunate in s. v 9 ' I Frustules uot as above 11 ( Valves cellulose, center blank, margin veined 9. I Hemidifteiis xcix. (. Valves not as above 10 f Valves with indistinct umbilicus, finely punctate with radiating lines, dorsal and ventral margins 10. -| with minute teeth or spines I'a/uui -in c. j All others, dorsal margin without spines, ventral [ frequently with pseudo-nodule EIODIA ci. f Disc with a radiating series of small, equal or sub- equal granules ; and generally with a granular 11. -I umbilicus or center; marginal teeth or spines rarely absent STEPHANODISC TS < 'i i . Valves not as above - -12 Valves circular ; much inflated. Frustules in f. v. with the longitudinal axis much longer than the , transverse; uot ribbed, nor cellulose ; sutural por- tion ("connecting zone") narrow; sometimes minute marginal teeth PYXIDICULA cm. Valves not as above 13 Valves elliptic, circular, or sub-angular ; with a prickly aspect (hispid ; ofteu with minute spines, and with siuuato- reticulate rays or lines. ..Liralunii N. 9. elegans, 11. Grevillei, Ixxxi, 5. Hiltoniana, Ixxxi, 1. .Mai'vlandica, xciii, 1, 4-6. Moroniensis, Ixxxi, 2. Hallsiana. 3. rotula, xeiii, 10. variabilis, xciii, 2, INDEX. 35 ASTE ROM PH A LU S. arachne, Ixxxi. 4. flabellatns, Ixxxi, (>. ATTLAOODISCUS. argus, Ixxx, 11. Brownei, Ixxxviii, 10. circumdatus, " 7. crux, 1. decorus, Ixxv, 2. Kinkeri, Ixxxviii, 11. Kittonii, Ixxxii, 5; Ixxxviii, 2. margaritaceus, Ixxxii, 1, '2. Molleri, Ixxv, 1. Oregonus, Ixxxviii, 4-6. Petersii. Ixxxii, 3, 6, 7. probabilis,lxxx,12; Ixxxviii, 8. pulchir, Ixxi, 1. Rog-ersii, Ixxx, 10. sollitianns, Ixxxviii, 9. sparsus, Ixxxii, 4. Thnniii, Ixxxviii, 3. AULISCUS. American u.s. Ixxx, 9. Biddulphia, " 3, 4. caelatus, Ixxxix, 6, 9, 10. Curibacus. Ixxx, 7. Clevei, Ixxix, S, 9, 10. confluens, Ixxxix, 8, 11. < irunowii, Ixxix, 11, 12. Hardmanianus, Ixxix, 1. incertus, Ixxx, 8. intestinalis, " 5. Johnsonii, " 1. Macraeanus, Ixxxix, 2. mirabilis, 12, 13. mutabilis, cviii, 8. Peruvianus, Ixxxix, 4. pruinosus, Ixxix, 13, 14 ; cxi, 5. pnnctatns, " 2, 3. racemosns, Ixxxix, 7. radiatns, 3. recticnlatus, Ixxix, 5, 6, 7. Schmidtii, Ixxxix, 5. sculptus. 1. speciosus, Ixxx, 2. spinosus, Ixxix, 4 ; cxi, 6. Stockhardtii, Ixxxix, 14. textilis, Ixxx, 0. BACLLLARIA. paradoxa, Ixviii, 32, 34. I'. VOTER] VSTIM'M. curvatuni, Ixviii, 20. furcatum, Ixvii, 1. varians, " 2, 3, 4. BERKELEYA. inicans, xx \i. 15. BlBLARIUM. clypeus, Lxii, 25, -Jt!. ellipticum, cxi, 13, 14. stylobiblium, xxii, 5, •>. BIDDULPHIA. angulata, ex, (i, 7. aurita. xcvi, 9, 10, 11. Baileyi, xcviii, 1. 2. 3. Brittoniana, xcviii, 18, 19. ( 'ttlit'ornicns, xcvii, 9. circinus, Ixiv, 1. Cookiana, xcviii, 10. decipirus, " 5, 6. Kdwardsii. xcvi. 4. 5. elegantula, xcviii. 7, 8, 9. ii'ig-as, ciii, 11, 12. Johnsonianus. xcvii, 6. laevis, xcvii, 1,2; ciii, S-U). lonn'icrucis, xcvi, 6. lontjispiiia, xcvi, 12. lunata, xxii, 29. membranacea, ex, 9, 10. Mobilensis. xcv, 9. occidentalis, Ixiv, 11. ovalis. xcvii, 8, 10. polymorphus, xcvii, 5, 11. Porpeia, xcviii, 15, Hi, 17. pulchella, xcvi, 1, 2, 3. qnadricornis, Ixiv, 8, 9. reticulata, xcvi. 13, 14. rhombus, xcv, 7, 10. Roperiana, xcv. s, 11-13. seticulosa, xcvi, 7, *. snborbicularis, xcv, 5, 6. tennis, xcviii, 11, 12. trinacria, xcviii, 13, 14. Tuomeyii, xxii, 1 ; xcv, 1-4. tursi'idns, xcvii, 3, 4, 7. A\'ciss!log:ii, Ixxviii, 3-5, (5. Woolmaiiii, xcviii, 4. CAMPYLODISCUS. adornatus, Ixxii, .'!. ainbiynus, Ixxiii, 2. A incricanns, l\ i, 7. ar»-ns, Ixx, 5, li. 7. INDEX. CAMPYLODISCUS. bicostata, ex, 3, 4. bifurcatus, Ixxii, 2. bimarginatus, Ixxxiii, 8. Castilii, Ivi, 9. clypeus, Ixxiii, 3. concinnus, Ixxii, 5, 6. costatus, Ixix, 13, 14. crebrestriatus, Ixxxiii, 9. cribrosus, Ixx, 1, 2. ecclesianus, Ixxxiii, 7. Echeneis, Ixxiii, 5, 7. Ehrenbergii, Ivi, 6. Greenleafianns, Ixxxiii, 1. Griinderii, " 4. hibernicus, Ixxi, 2, 3. Hodgsonii, Ixx, 3. Humboldtii, Ivi, 12; Ixx, 12. imperialis, Ixxii, 1. intermedius, Ixxxiii, 6. latus, Ivi, 10. limbatus, Ixx, 10, 14. naarginatus, Ixx, 15. Mexicanus, " 13. Mullen, Ixxiii, 1. noricus, Ixxi, 5, 7. parvulus, Ixx, 8, 9. Phalangiuin, Ixxxiii, 14, 15. punctulatus, 5. radiosus, Ixx, 11. Ralfsii, Ixxii, 4; Ixxxiii, 10. rotula, Ixxxiii, 11. Samoensis, Ixx, 4, 16. Sauerbekii, Ixxxiii, 12, 13. Schmidtii, Ixxii, 6. simulans, Ixxxiii, 16. stellatus, " 2. tabulatus, Ixxiii, 4. triurnphans, Ixxxiii, 3. CAMPYL.ONEIS. argus, xxxiii, 24, 25. Grevillei, " 28, 29, 30. regalis, " 39, 40. CERATONEIS. arcus, xxx, 24, 25. CHAETOCEKOS. bacillaria, Ixiii. 9, 10. boreale, Ixv, 11. Calilbrnicuni, Ixv, i:'.. distans, Ixii, 29. CHAETOCEROS. didymus, Ixv, 12, 14-16 ; Ixxvii, 16. im-urvata, Ixv, 9, 10. monicae, " 22. CLIMACOSPH.KNIA. elongata, xlviii, 32, 33. moniligera, xxix, 7, 8. COCCONEIS. ambigua, Ixiii, 35, 36. Americana, xxxiii, 32. borealis, Ixiii, 18. Californk-a, xxxiii, 19. 20. costata, 9, 10. decussata, 31. dirupta, 15, 16. elongata, Ixiii, 37. tinnica, xxxiii, 36. gemmata, v, 7. , 11. dichotomum, xxvi, 10, 17. elegans, xxvii, 8. geminatum, xxvi, 1-4, 10, 11. gracile, xxvii, 6, 7. intricatum, xxvii, 4. mammilla, xxvi, 5. maximum, " 8, 9. Mexicanum, xxvii, 12. olevaceum, 14, 15. olor, xx ix, 19. Oregonicum, xxii, 8,9. sarcophagus, xxvii, 10. semapertum, " 16. sphserophorurn, xxvii, 1, 2. tenellum, 13. turgidum, 9. vibrio, 5. GONIOTHECIUM. didymurn, Ixiv. 31. monodon, " 30. obtusum, " 33. odontella, " 17, 18. Rogersii, xxxiv, 17, 18,19; xxv, 20 : Ixiv, 32. GBAMMATIPHOBA. angulosa, xlix, 11-13. Caribsea, " 19. gibba, " 6, 7. marina, " 8-10, 14-16. maxima, " 26. Mexicana, " 24, 25. serpentina, xlix, 1, 20-23. stricta, " 17, 18. undulata, xlix, 3-5. HANTZSCHIA. Amphioxys, li, 15-17. HELIOPELTA. nitida, l\\i, 4. HEMIAULUS. affinis, Ixiv, 15, 16. bi Irons, Ixiv, 26, 2S, 29. Californicus, Ixiv, :'.4. polycostenorum, Ixiv, 19, 20, 21, 25, 27. polymorphum, xxv. 2:'., 24, 25. HEBCOTHECA. mammilaris, Ixiv, 22. 2.".. 40 INDEX. HOMOCLADIA. capitata, xxix, 13, 15. filiformis, xxix, 16-18. HYALODICTYA. Dianse, Ixviii, 31. HYALODISCUS. laevis, lix, 2. maxim us, lix, 7, S. retioulatus, ex, 8. Stelliger, lix, 6. snbtiles, " 3. Wliitneyi, " 5. HYDROSERA. triguetra, cv, 9-12. ISTHMIA. enervis, cix, 6-9. nervosa, " 1-5. LIOMOPHORA. Californica, xlvii, 22, 32a. flavellata, xxix, 1, 2: xlvii, 27-29. gracilis, xlvii, 30, 31. Jurgensii, xxix, 12; xlvii, 33, ! 34. papeana, xxii, 26, 27. tincta, xlvii, 35, 37. LlOSTEPHANIA. compta, Ixii, 21. LlKADISCTJS. ininitus, Ixiii, 14-lii. LlTHODESMITJM. coiitractnm, Ixii, 2S. MASTOGLOIA. angulata, cvii, 10. apiculata, v, 24. elegans, cvii, 8. exigua, xxx, 15, 1(5. Grevillei, " 17, 18. Kinsmanii, xxv, 2(5, 27. lanceolata, xxx, 19. Smithii, " 21, 2:;. submarginata, cvii, 11. MASTOGONIA. crux, lix, 1. heptagonia, lix, 9. sexangnlata, Ixii, 18. MELOSIBA. Americana, Ivii, 10. arenaria, Iviii, 5-7; cxii, 2. Baileyi, Ixxiv, 9, 10. Horreri, Iviii, SI 1. METjOSIRA. davigera, Iviii, 16. crenulata, Ivii, 16-20. crotonensis, Ivii, 6. distans, Ivii, 20-32, 36. grainilata, Ivii, 7-9, 21, 22, 33. horologium, Ixiii, 20, 21. Huttonia, ciii, 13. nummuloides, Ivii, 1-5. orichalcea, Iviii, 17, 18. scalaris, Ivii, 23-25, 28. sculpta, " 34, 35; Iviii, 3, 4. sol, Iviii, 1, 2. spiralis, Ivii, 26, 27, 29. snlcata, Iviii, 12-15. undulata, cxii, 4, 5. variaus, Ivii, 11-15. MERIDION. circulare, xxxvii, 24, 25, 27, 28; cxi, 15, 16. intermedium, xxxvii, 26, 29, 30. NAVICTJLA. acrosphaeria, xxi, 8, 9, 11. acuminata, xvi, 15; xx, 5. affinis, xiv, 1, 2. amphigomphus, xviii, 10; xix, 5. amphionys, xxiii, 24, 25. Americana, x, 51. amphirhyncus,xiv,3,4; xix, 13. amphisbsena, xix, 23. angelorum, xi, 3. Anglica, x, 1. angusta, x, 34. apiculata, xiv, 13, 14. apis, xvi, 19. approximate, xvi, 18. aspcra, xx, 4. Bacillum, x, 29, 30. Baileyana, xxiv, 3, 4. bi'noides, xvii, 23. bioculata, xii, 13. Bleischii, xviii. 9. Boeckii, xxv, 8, 9. Bohemica, ix, 46. Bomboides, xii, 17. Bombus, x, 47, 50; xxiii, 3. Borealis, ix, 23, 24. brasiliensis, xiv, 21. Brannii, Ixviii, 13. Brebissonii, x, 26; xix, 16-19. brcvis. x, 7, 17. INDEX. 41 NAVICULA. Oalifornira, xiv. 17. 24; xvi, I. campylodiscus, xii, 15. carassins, xiv, 20. cardinalis, x, 45; xii, IS. Caribfea, xvi, 54. oarinifera, '• 15. Chersonensis, xv, 19. circumsecta, ix, 27. cluthensis, xi, 10; xvi, 27. coarctata, xv, 3, 11. cocconeiformis, x, 14. columnaris, xviii, 1, 6. commutata, xvii, 18. confecta, xv, 12. Comperii, xvi, 7; xvii, 2. costata, xxiv, 6, 7. crabro, x, 33; xv, 7. crabromiformis, xv, i». cruciata, xi, 6. cryptocephala, x, 13. cruciformis, xxiv, 19. cuspidata, xii, 16. Cynthia, ix, 25, 26. dactylus, xxi, 1, 2, 3, 4. Dariana, xvii, 5. decurrens, ix, 38, 39; xxv, 3. denta, xv, 15. De Wittians, xxii, 18. dicephala, xvii, 21 ; xx, 22. didyma, xii, 12; xix, 24, 25. diffluens, xvi, 21. diffusa, " 11. digitus, xxiv, 1. dilatata, xviii, 5, 7. diomphala, xxiv, 8. diplosticha, xii, 3. dirhynchus, xi, IS. 19: XXV, 6. dirrhonibus, xii, 14. discrepans, x, 4. disphenia, xxiii, 9. distenta, xvi, 10. divergent, xix, 20, 21. Division of Diatoms, i, 9-13, 14, 15. Donkiiiii, xv, 17. dubia, x, 27 ; xvii, 22. duplicate, xxiii, 8. elegans, ix, 22; xxiv, 9. Elginensis, xx, 22. elliptica, xiv, 18, 19. elongata, ix, 37. 4 XAVKTLA. cntomoii, xii, ti ; Ixiii, 1. csnx, xxiii. 1 I. • •\ravat:t. xiv, 15, 27. excentrica, xviii, 2. i \cc-uta, xv, 4. exilis, x, 40. Eugenia, x, 1<>. cudonia, xiv, (i. P^ebegerii, xi, 8. tirnia, xix, 9, 10. Fischeri, xiv, 11. Floridana, xi, 7. forripata, xvi, 13, 20. formica, xxiv, 12. formosa, xix, 2, 11. fusca, xii, 25. fnsidum, xxiii, 10. futilis, xvii, 8. gastrum, x, 2. geinina, xi, 12, 13; xii, 8. gemmata, x, 46. gibba, xx. 9, 111, 11 ; Ixviii, s. gibberula, x, 35, 38; xxii. 13. Giebilli, xv, 8. gigas, xiii, 5. globiceps, ix, 33. graoilis, x, 22, 23. Greenlandica, xi, 5. granulata, xvii, 14. < Jriindleri, cxi, 8, 9. hemiptera, xvii, 19, 20; xx, 6. Hennedyi, xiv, 28, 29, 3d. hexapla, xix, 4. Hitchrot-kii, xix, 30, 31. hnmerosa, xvii, 12, 15. impressa, xiv, 25, 2<>. iiH-omperta, xxv, 2. Indica, xvii, 11. in data, xvi, 23; xix, 29. intiexa, x, 25. interposita, xi, 14. interrnpta, x, 31, 32; xii, 4. iridis, xviii, 4. irrorata, xvi, 2, 17. Isoccphela, xxiii, <>. Johnsonii, " 13. Kutzingii, x, 4S. larrimans, xii, 2s ; xv, 1. lacunarum. x, 39. lanceolata, ix, 32, 12. 42 INDEX. NAVICXTLA. lata, xxiii. 26. '11. latisshna, xvii, 24, _•">. leptostigma, xxiv, 14. Lewisiana, 2. liber, xxiii, 5, 11. linearis, xix. 6. littoralis. x. 11, 12. longa, xii, 23, 24. lyra, xvi, 6, 9, 14, 26. muculata. xvii, 1; cxi, 1, 2. marginata, xi, 16; xxiii. 2; cxi, 7. marginulata, xi, 10. marina, xiv, 7, 23. mesogongyla. xxv. 1. niesolepta, xx, 3, 13, 14, 16. Moesta, xix, 26. Mormonorum, xix, 7. multicostata, xv, 2. niusctefonnis, xii, 7. iiitesrens. xiv, 8. 22. nobilis, xiii. 2. 4, 6. nodosa, xix, 14. nodulosa, xxiv, 16. iiotabilis, x, 49. Miimmularia, ix, 40, 4:5; x, 41, 42, 44. oblonga, xx i, 10. obtusa, xx, 19, 20. oculata, x, 3r>. Oregon eca, xi, 15. ornata, xv, 20. oscitans, xvii, 7. palpebralis, x, 6, 16. pandura, xv, 5. papula, ix, 41. parca, x, 5. parva, x, :'.. Pelagi, xiv. Hi. pellioulosa, ix, 31. peniiata, xiv, 9, 10. Pensaeola, xi, 9. peregrina, xii, 20, 22. permagna, xi, 2; xvii, .'5,4. placentula, ix, 3o. polj^sticta, ix, 28. polyonea, xi. 17; xxiv, 13; Ixiii, 2. Powelli, xi, 4. praestes, xix, 28. prcstiophora, xxiii, 1. pretcxta, xx, 1, 7; cxi, :'.. NAVICUI^A. prisra, xv, 6, 13. probabilis, xix, 1. prodncta, " 3, 12, 15. puelia, xv, 10, 16, 18. pumila, xxiv, 15. papula, xxiii, 19, 20. pusilla, x, is, 19. pygma-a, xvi, 12. quiiKjuenodis, x, 8, 9. radiosa, xxi, 6, 7. rectangulata, ix, 36. Reinhardtii, xxiii, 17. retusa, xvii, 16, 17. rhombica. xxi\. 17, is. rhonilioides, xvii, 9, 10; xxii, 21. rhyncocephela, ix, 34; x, 21. Robertsiana, xvi, 8. salva, xii, 9. saugeri, x, 43. Srlmiidtiana, xii, 19, 21. Schultzei, xxiv, 5. Schumanniana, xxii, 14. scintillans, xvi, 22. s'-oliopleura, xii, 27. sculpta, ix. 44, 45. sejuncta, x. 24. semen, xx, 21. separabilis, xix, 27. serians, x. serratula, xiv, 5. Smithii, xii, 11; xiv, 12; XX, S. signia, xxiv, 10, 11. simulans, xxiii, 4. Silliiiianoriini, xi, 1; xxiii, 12. singular}*, xx, 2. 18. Solaris, xvii, 6. spectabilis, xvi, 3. sphaesophora, xvii, 13. s|)lcndida. xii. 5 ; xv, 14. Stauntonii, xxv, 13, 14, 15. stauroneiformis, xxv, 10. stauroneis, xx. 4. subinflata, xxii, 11. suborbicularis, x, 37. subnuda, xii, 2. suspecta, " 26. tabellaria, x, 2s ; xii, 1; xx, 12, 17; xxi, 5. teiiella, xxii, 15, 16. INDEX. 4:5 NAVICULA. tennis, ix, 29, 30; xxiv, 21, 22. trinodis, Ixviii. 12. trum-ata, xxiii, ir>, Ki. tumesrcns, xviii, 3. tumidula, xxiv, 2:i. tuscula, xxii. 10. undetermined, xiv, 20. undosa, xxiii, is. undulata, xxii. 12. vacillans, xii, 10; xix. 22. velox, xxiii, 21. veneta, " 7. viridis, xiii, 1, 7-10. viridula, x, 20. vulpina, cxi, 10. Weissliogii, xvi, 25. NIT/CHI A. amphionys, li, 20. angnlaris, xliii, 24-2. punctata, viii, 1. pusilla, Ixviii, 24. salina, viii, 6. sigma, xxiv, 25. staurophaena, xxiv, 24. Stodclerii, xxv, 12. STEPHANODISCUS. astrsea, cxii, 13. earconensis, Ixvi, 2(i, 27. lineatus, Ixii, 4. Niagara, Ixvi, 2S, 29. STEPHANOGONIA. actinoptycus, Ixvii, U. Californicum, " 11, 12. polygon a, " . ferox, Ixvi, 5, ii, 7. linibata, Ixvii, 7. i-udis, " 21. spiuo, Ixii, 2. spinosissima, Ixxxiv, 5. superba, S, !». turgida, Ixvi, 1, 2. tun-is, " :'., 4 STICTODESMIS. craticula, Ixix, 11. STICTOPISCU*. Californicus, Ixxv, 5-8. Grevillianus, Ixxi, 8. Hardmanianus, Ixxv, 3. Kittonianus, " 9, 10. simplex, " 4. ? " 13-15. STRIATEI/LA. unipunctata, li, 1, 12, 13. SURIRELLA. anceps, liii, 24, 25. augusta, lii, Hi, 17. apieulata, liii, 9, 10. arctissima, " 27. Baileyi, " 22, 23. Beld.jeckii, " 4. bit'rons, liv, 2. biseriata, lii, 1, 2. campylodiscus, cviii, 13-15. • •ardinalis, liv, ti. cocconeis, v, 10. creuulata, Ivi, 5. cruciata, lii, (i, 7. crumona, liii, 5, t>. delicatissima, liii, 17. elegans, i, 1 ; liv, 1 ; Iv, 3, Id, 11. eutilypta, liii, 20, 21. fastuosa, xxxiv,21; lii, 10; lv.5. Febegerii, Iv, 1. Huininensis, lii, 9. gemma, lii, 11. Geroltii, Ivi, 3, 4. inducta. liii, 14 ; Iv, 2. intermedia, liii, 2(i. Isevigata, Iv, 12. leptoptera, Ivi, 2. liosoma, v, (i. Mexicaua, liii, 1-3. INDEX. SUBIBEr,LA. microcora, liii, 11. ininuta, " IS, 19; Ivi, 8. M ississippica, v, 5. Molleriaua, lii, 14, 15. nobilis, cxi, 11. Xorwegica, lii, 4, 5. oblonga, " 12, 13. ovata, liii, 15, 16. ovalis, liii, 7, 8. panduriformis, Ivi, 11. pulchra, cvii, 7. Ilatrayi. Ixix, 1(1. recedens, lii, 3, 8. rettexa, Ivi, 1. regina, Iv, 7. robusta, liv, 8. S.-i xoniea, Iv, 4. sentis, liv, 4. spiralis, liii, 12, 13. splendida, i, 2-6; liv, 3, 7; Iv, s. it. striatula, Iv, «i. valida, liv, 5. SYMBOLOPHORA. acuta, xxii, 7. trinitatus, Ixxviii, 14. SYNDENDRITTM. diadema, Lxiii, 11-13, 38. SYNEDRA. acus, xli, 2-4. acuta, xli, 21-23, 30. affinis, xli, 10-12, 33, 34. amphyrhynchus, xli, 15. biceps, xli, 13. 14. rapitata, xxxix, 5. Chasei, v, 1, 2. crotonensis, xli, 19, 20. crystallina, xxxix, 2, 3. Danica, xl, 28-30; xli, 5, 6. t'nlgens, xxxix, 4, 9. Gallionii, " 10, 11. (ioulardii, xxv, 18, 19. investiens, xli, 27, 29. invortens, xxxix, 15. lanrcolata, xl, 21 ; xli, !». lonuiccps. xl.-31. loiiffissima, xxxix, 7; xl, 32. obtusa, xli, 7. • niyrrliyiiclius. xxxix, 12. pnlHiolla, xli, 16-18, 26. radians, xxxix. 17. SYNEDRA. robusta, xxxix, 1. ruinpens, " 13, 14. spathulifera, xli, 1. suporba, xli, 24, 25, :;-j. ulna, xxxix, S; xli, 31. undulata, xxxix, 6. valens, v, 18. vaucherise, xxxix, l(i. vitrea, xli, 8. SYBINGIDITJM. Americana, Ixiv, :>s. simplex, " 37. SYSTBPHANEA. Raena, Ixiii, 7. TAHELLARIA. feui'strala, 1, 1-6. tlot-ulosa, 1, 7-11. nodosa. Ixviii, 22. robusta, " 22. TEBPSINOE. Americana. Ixiii, 6. intermedia, Ixxviii, 1, 2. magna, Ixi, 7. minima, Ixi, 12. musifa, " 6, 13-15. tetragramma, Ixi, 8, 9, 10, 11. TESSELA. interrupta, xlviii, 14. TETBACYCLUS. emargiriatus, 1, 12, 15, Ifi. hicustris, 1, 13, 14, 17-20. TOXONIDIA. Gregoriaiia. Ixix. 12. TBICEBATITJM. aculeatnm, xxv, 21. alternans, c, 16, 18; cvi, 2. amblyceros, Ixxvii, 3. Americanum, ov, 7; cxi, 18. amoenum, ci, 14. amphitetras, civ, 2. antillarum, ci, 1. arcticum. cv, 5. 8; cvi, 7. biquadratum, civ, 10, 17. Brownianimi. ci, 10. bullosum, c, 3. ( 'alifornicum, xcix, 7 ; <-v, 13. Campeachianum, ex, 2. i -inna mo iniu in, Ixxv, 11; c\-,ls. coiidccorum, cii. (>. consiinilr, xcix, 10; cvi, (i. INDEX. 17 l^RICERATIUM. dubium, cii, 13. elegans, oi, 6, 7. Ehrenbergii. civ, 13, Hi. favus, xeix, 1, 2. nmbriatuni, xcix, 34. Fischeri, cii, 8. fraglich? ovi, 9, 11. grande, civ, 1. Grun, xcix, 5, 6. Harrissonianum, c, 13, 14. Heilprinianuin, Ixxviii, S, 9. heteroporum, c, 6. indentatum, Ixxviii, 7. inelegans, xcix, 8, 9, 12 ; ciii, 4. interpunctatum, c, s. irregulure, c, 8. jucatense, cii. 4. Kainii, Ixxviii, 10; civ, 8; cv, Hi. Kittoiiianuni, ci, 2. lithodesmium, civ, 18, 19. Marylandicum, ci, 8. nieinbranaceuni, cv, 6. Montereyii, cii, 1 ; cvii, 6, 9. niiiricatuni, cii, 7. obliquuni, cvi, 10. obscurnm, cii, 10. obtusum, civ., 7 ; cviii, 3. oriiatnni, ci, 15. parallelum, c, 11, 12. 15. pentacrinus, Ixix, 6, 7; ci, 10. pileus, cviii, 2. pileolus, cviii, 1. pnnctatuin, ci, 9, 12. TRICERATIUM. quadrangulare, <-vi, s. recc|)tiiin, ci. I:'.. retina, cv, 17. reticuluni, civ, f>, i) ; cviii. ]d. robustum, ci, 11. scitulum, cvi, 1. sculptum, " :',, r>; cxi, 4. secernendum, c. 17. scniicircuhire, cv. 2. :!, 4. Sliadboltii, Ixiv, Id. solcnoceros, ci, 3. spinosum, xxv, 22; Ixxvii, 4, '.I. 10; c, 11, 25. striolatuni, civ, 11, 12, 14. su.bcornu.tum, ci, 1, .">. subrotundatum, cii, 3; cxii, 7. tabellarium, c, 1. tesselatuui, cii, 9. tridactylum, cv, 1. tripartitum, c, v. triscuhitn, c, 9, 10. uncinatuni, cii, 12. undulatum, civ, 3, 9; cv. 14. validum, cii, 11. variabile, Ixiii, 3, 5. venulosum, c, 2, 4, 7. TROCHOSIRA. spinosa, Ixvi, 13, 14. XANTHIOPSIS. umbonatus, Ixxxiv, 10. XANTHIOPYXIS. cingulata, Ixii, 27. umbonatus, Ixxiv, Hi. PLATE I. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. SURIRELLA ELEGANS, showing the single nucleus and the radial distribution of the endochrome. " 2. SURIRELLA SPLEXVIDA, showing the two nuclei and the ger- minal (?) dot. Also the distribution of the endochrome in the canalicnli and the arrangement of the lobes of the en- dochrome with regard to the germinal (?) dot. Figs. 3, 4. The sporangium of the Surirella Splendida after the complete fusion of the endochrome; the valves of the parent frus- tules adhering. 5, 6. SURIRELLA SPLENDIDA, early stage of conjugation; the fusion of the two endochromes resulting in the enlargement of the internal contents, and the separation of the valves of the frustules which adhere to the mucous mass of the sporangium. Fig. 7. EPITHKMIA VENTRICOSA, Thallus containing matured frus- tules and spores the same as are found in tlie diatom itself. .s. Thallus containing several diatoms in early and later stages of development. 9. Two diatoms fXavicula) conjugating and surrounded, by a gelatinous covering; the valves of frustule separated and the endochrome contracted into spherical masses. Kigs. 10-12. CVMHELLA, phases of growth of the sporangium in its mucous envelope. 13. Process of division and multiplication of diatoms ; a X;ivicula ; F.F., the silicious epiderm ; <;.<}., the sides sliding one over the other ; A., the nucleus; B.B.B., endorhroiiH1 sur- rounding the spojje or primordial cell ; D. D., central cavities. 14. A., the spores dividing and the end of the epiderm (F.F.) sliding apart. 15. A. A., spore fully divided and the frustule separated by form- ing dividing membranes; thus there are two trust ales approaching complete development. Plate 1 PLATE II. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. AMPHIPRORA (Amphipleura) Lindheimeri, var. Gran. Oregon, Texas, etc., T. R. M. S. 1877, p. 17!». " 2. PLEUROSIGMA TRANSVERSALE, W. S. ; S. B. D. 11, p. 96, Sm. 8p. T. 415. :',. " INTERMEDIUM, W. S. ; S. B. D. 1, p. 64, 21, f. 200, Sm. Sp. 405. Figs. 4, 5. AMPHIPRORA PUL.CHRA, Bail, front and side view ; Bail. M. O. p. 38—2 f, 16; V. H. 22-', f. 1, 2. Fig. 6. LEPIDOPTERA, Greg. T. M. S. 1857, p. 76, 1, f. :',!»; V. H., 22, f. 2, 3 ; Sm. Sp. T. 23. Figs. 7, s. HYALINA, Eulenst. Probably a var. of A. Palu- dosa, W. S. ; also very near Ai»[ih<»-n ittlcr- iiirilift, Lewis; for Grev.'s fig. v. V. H., 22, f. 17. , Figs. 11-11. QUADRIFASCIATA, Bail. M. O. p. 38, 2, f. 2-4 does not possess much value, the Imi ids of colored endochrome mean nothing. Figs. 12, l:J. OBNATA, Bail. M. O. p. 38, 2, f. 15, 23; H. L. S., this according to Bail.'s fig. ; for larger form v. PL 48. f. 21. Figs. 14, 15. " CONSTRICTA, Ehrb., marine and brackish water, E. Amer. 2-6, f. 28; S. B. D. Vol. 1, p. 44, 15. f. 126; Prit. p. 0, 23, 12, f. 1; Sm. Sp. T., 21. Fig. 16. CONSPICUA, Grev., (a pulchra var.) T. M. S., p. 86, (1861), PL 10, 16; V. H., 22 b. f. 3, Hudson River, N. Y. Figs. 17, is. " MAXIMA, Greg., D. C., p. 35, 4, f. 61; Lens, Vol. II, No. 11. p. 89; V. H., 22, f. 4. Fii;-. 1H. " I>K' USSATA, Grim., V. H., 22. f. 13. Figs. 20, 21. ALATA, Ehrb., three views, K. B., p. 107, 3, f. 60; S. B. D., Vol. I, p. 44, 15, f. 124; V. H., 22, f. 11, 12. Figs. 22, 2:;. PALUDOSA, W. S.; S. B. D., p. 44, 31, f. 269; V. H., 22, f. 10. 1'luto II. PLATE III. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1-3. AMPHORA BOBUSTA, Grev., D. C., p. 44, 5, f. 79; Lens, p. 8, No. 44, 3, f. 2 ; Schm. At., 27, f. 38. 4. EXCISA, Greg., H. L. S., in Lens, p. 75, No. 26, 2, f. 4; Schm. At., 39, f. 3. 5. SCHMIDTII, Gran.., Schm. At., 28, f. 2, 3, Camp. Bay. 6. GRANULATA, Greg, (the back view) Schm. At., 27, f. 66 ; Gulf of Mexico. Figs. 7, 8. SPECTABILIS, Greg., Schm. At., 40, f. 18-23. Fig. si. PKLLUCIDA, Greg., H. L. S., Lens, p. 78, No. 36, 2, f. 15; Schm. At., 27, f. 11, 36; 39, 65. Figs. 10, 1 1. PROTEUS, Greg., D. C., Trans. Roy. Soc., Eilinb., xxi. PI. 4, 1857 ; Schm. At,, 27, f. 63; f. 1-7; Salt Lake. 1 \ 13. VENETA, Kiit/.. K. B., p. 108, 3, f. 25 ; H. L. S.; Lens, p. 84, No. 58, (37; Schm. At., 27, f. 16. Fig. 14. LIBYCA, Ehrb., Schm. At., 26, f. 102-105; K. B., p. 107, 29, f. 28; Sin. Sp. T., No. 34. 15. EXSECTA, Grun., Schm. At, 27, f. 54, 55; 3JI, f. 4 ; Campcac-hy Bay. 16. OBTECTA, L. W. B. ; B. J. N. H., p. 348, f. A. B., II. L. S., Lens, p. 77, No. 34, 2, f. 12, a-c. " 17. pKLi,rcii),\,. AREOLATA, Grim.. Schm. At., 39, f. 28. 16. LANCEOLATA, Cleve., M. J., 1874, p. 25(5, S, f. 3; Sclim. At., 25, f, 6. Figs. 17. IS. " CYMBIFERA, rit/r 10, above. 19, 20. COFFE^EFORMIS, vide 11, above. Fig. 21. " CLEVIA, A., Schm. At., 25, f. 46-48. 22. EULENSTEINII, Grun., Schm. At., 25, f. 1-3, v. noarly alliecl to A. lanceolata. Pigs. 2:;. 24. DELPHINEA, L. W. B. ; B. J. N. H. VII, PI. 1, f, 1. Lens, p. 73, No. 22, 1, f. IS; Schm. At. 40, f. 25-27. 25. 26. DUBIA, Greg., H. L. S., Lens, 80, No. 42, Schm. At., 27, f. 20-26. Fig. 27. CINGULATA, Cleve., Schm. At., 26, f. 17; I. M., ls7'.i, p. 29. 2, f. 15. 2S. GREVILLIANA, Greg., T. M. S., 1857, p. 73, 1, f. 36. Lens, p. 77, No. .".2, 2, f. 9. Campeadiiana? Grun. 2!i ::2. OVALIS, K. I1.., [». 107, 5, f. 35, 39; S. B. 1)., p. 19, 2, I. 26, H. L. S., Lens, 80, No. 45, 2, f. 17, Schm. At., 26, f. 106-111. Kigs. 33, :'.4. FORMOSA, Cleve., Schm. At., 27, f. 58, 28, f. 6, 34, 39, f. 2. Fig. 35. CRANULATA, Greg,, front view ? Schm. At., 27. f. 67: small form, A. gigantea, Grun., Gulf of Mexico. Figs. ::r,, 37. CKASSA, Greg., H. L. S,, Lens, 76, No. 29, 2, f. 5, T. M. S., 1857, p. 72, 1, f. 35. 38, 39. GRUNDLERII, Grun., Schm. At., 28, f. 24^-27 j 39, f. 25. u 1'l.ite |V D9 PLATE V. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1, 2. SYNEDRA CHASEI, Thomas ; W. and €., 1, p. 4, 2, f. 3. A var. of S. longissima, S. B. D., p. 72, 12, f. 95. Fig. 3. AMPHIPRORA ELEGANS, Greg., T. M. S., 1857, p. 10, 1, f. 30; H. L. S., Lens, p. 73, No. 19, 1, f. 17. 4. AMPHERA GIGAS, Ehrb. Mik., 6, 2, f. 13; H. L. S., Lens, p. 73, sub No. 22 ; p. 80, sub No. 45. 5. SURIRELLA MISSISSIPPICA, Ehrb. Mik., 35, A. 8, f. 5 ; Missis- sippi. " 6. ^ " LIVSOMA, Ehrb. Mik., 33, 14, f. 25, Connecticut, probably one of the plates of Rhabdoneina. 7. COCCONEIS GEMMATA, Esrb. Mik., 37, 3, 2, Oregon. Figs. 8, 9. COCCONEIS RHOMBIFERA, Bail, and Harv., p. 175, 9, f. 3, 4. California. Fig. 10. STJRIRELLA COCCONEIS, Ehrb. Mik., 35, A., 8, 3 ; a dubious form, not a Surirella, nor a Cocconeis. 11. COCCONEIS, REGALJS, Grev., M. J., 1859, p. 156, 7, f. 1. Califor- nia guano. 12. COCCONEIS SULCATA, Bail, and Harv., p. 175, 9, f. 5. " 13-15. AMPHIPRORA VITREA, S. B. D., Vol. I, p. 44, 31, f. 270; V. H., '2-2, f. 29, Mobile, Ala. 16. DIMEREGRAMMA NOV^E C^ERARE^, (frustules attached) Kain and Schultze, Bot. Bull., Mar., 1889, Vol. XVI, No. 3, artesian well, Atlantic City, N. J. 17. FRAGILARIA FREMONTII, Ehrb. Abh., 1870, 56, 2, 1, f. 5, of doubtful value, probabl3T a hoop of some dia- tom, Salt Lake. 18. SYNEDRA VALENS, Ehrb., Prit,, 782, 12, 44. lit. FRAGILARIA VENTER, Ehrb. Abh, 1869, 1, a Mexico. Probably merely a hoop of Odontidium. " 20. FRAGILARIA NEWBERYI, Ehrb., 1870, 56, 3, 1, 12, Nevada. A doubtful form, may be a Biblarium. 21. FRAGILARIA INFLEXA, Ehrb., not a good specimen or species ; probably a hoop of Eunotia. '-2. DIMEREGRAMMA NOV^E C^SARE^;, K. and S., (frustules de- tached), Typ. form to right, var. Obtusa to left, Bot, Bull. Vol. XVI, No. 3, 1889, artesian well, Atlantic City, N. J. " 23. DIMEREGRAMMA FULVUM, Half's., V. H., 36, f. 7, 8. 24. MASTOGLOEA APICULATA, S. B. D., II, p. 65, 62, f. 3, 87. " 25. ENTOMOGASTER WOODWARDII, Ehrb. Abh., 1870, var. Califor- nia. Probablv a form of Amphora. I 'I .-it,- V. PLATE VI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1, 2. COCCOXEMA LANCEOI.ATUM, Ehrb. Mik., 39, 3, f. 17, etc. S, B. D., I, p. 7.-.. W, f. 219; S.-hm. At., 10, f. 8-10. Fin1. 3. (iraiiulcs figured, not coarse enough. 4. COCCONEMA MEXICANUM, Ehrb. Mik., 33, 7, f. 6; Abh., 1869, 2, 1, f. 1 ; Schm. At., 10, f. 32, 33; 71, f. 82. " 5. COCCONEMA JANISCHII, Schm. At,, 10, f. 34, 35 ; 71, f. 81. Nearly related to C..cistula, Figs. 0, 7. CYMBELLA CISTULA. Hep., Mik., 38, A., 20, f. 5 ; 37, 3, f. 3 ; .S. B. D., I, p. 76, 23, f. 221. Schm. At., 10, f. 1-4. s, «i. COCCONEMA PARVUM, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 76, 28, f. 222; 24, f. 222; Schui. At., 10, f. 14, 15. Fig. 10. CYMBET.LA CYMBIFOKMIS, Breb. Al. Fal., p. 49, PI. 7; V. H., 2, f. 11. " ll. COCCONEMA L.ANCEOLATTJM, i'i, f. 16; Schm. At,, 9, f. 32; 72, f. 11. "14. ( 'of! 'ox EMA LANCEOLATUM, W. S., in vegetative state, S. B. T>., p. 75, 23, f. 219. I 'Into. VI. ••%>• 13 PLATE VII. Figures magnified -ViO diameters. Figs 1,2. CYMBELLA HETEROPLEURA, Kg., -Schm. At., 9, f. 3-5 ; Cherry- field, Me. Fig. 3. EHRENBERGII, Kg., K. B., p. 79, 6, f. 11 ; Schm. At., 9, f. 6-9, 16-18; S. B. D., I, p. 17, 2, f. 21. Figs. 4, 5. " GASTROIDES, Kg., K. B., p. 79, 6, f. 4; Schm. At., 9, f. 1, 2, 72, f. 12-14. V. H., 2, f. S; f. 4, v. near C. lanceolata. Fitr. (5. HELVETICA, Kg., K. B., p. 79, 6, f. 13; S. B. D., I, p. 18, 2, f. 24; Schm. At., 10, f. 18, 21; .V. II., 2, f. 15. " 7. " NAVICULIFORMIS, Auers., Heib. Consp., p. 108, 1, f. 3, V. H., 2, f. 5. " S. LEPTOCEROS, Kg., K. B., p. 89, 6, f. 14. Rab. S. D., p. 22, 7, f. 14, V. H., 3, f. 24. Figs. 9, 10. EXCISA, Kg., K. B., p. 80, 6, f. 17. Schm. At.. 71, f. 35, 86. More than usually rostrate. Fig. 11. KAMTSCIIATICA, ("irun., Moll.. T., p. 3, 2, 10, Schm. At., 10. f. 31. Figs. 12, 13. GASTROIDES, Kg., conjugating and developing in gelatinous envelope. Fig. 14. NAVICULIFORMIS, Auors., same as figure 7. " 15. " AMPHICEPHALA, Naeg., Schm. At., 9, f. 62, 64, lii'i ; 71, f. 52; V. H., 2, f. 6. 16. CUSPIDATA, Kg., K. B., p. 79, 3, f. 40, S. B. D.. I, p. 18, 2, f. 22; Schm. At., 9, f. 50, 53, 55. Figs. 17, is. STOMATOPHORA, Grun., Schm. At., 10, f. 28-30. Fig. 19. PARVA, V. H., 2, f. 14. (Cocconema parvum.) 20. " CUSPIDATA, var. from Cana< la, for reference vide f. 16. " 21. EHRENBERGII, Kg., a smaller form than f. 3, above. Nearly allied to cuspidata. 22. MACULATA, Kg., K. B., p. 79, 67, I. 2, S. B. D., I, p. 18, 2, f. 23; V. H., 2, f, 1(3, 17. " 23. '• GASTROIDES, Kg., comp. f. 4, 5, and 12, 18. 24. " AMERICANA, A. S., Schm. At., 9, f. 15, 20. Probably var. of Ehreubergii. " 25. EHRENBKRGII, forma minor, Kg., comp. f. 3, 21, above. " 26. GRACILIS, .Kg., K. B., p. 79, 6, f. 9; Rab. S. D., p. 22, 7, f. 12; H. L. S., Sp. T., Xo. 119. " 27. " TURGIDULA, A. S., Schm. At., 9, f. 28-215. " 2s. CYMBIFORMIS, Breb., Alg., FaL, p. 49, PI. 7; V. H., 2, f. 11. 29. CYSTULA, Bruu., Al., p. 58, 3, f. 18, V. H., p. 64, 2, f. 12, 13. " 8ii. " CURTA, A. S., Schm. At., 9, f. 47. Figs. 31, 32. AFFINIS, Kg., K. B., p. 80, 6, f. 15; S. B. D., I; p. 18, 30, f. 250; Schm. At., 9, f. 29, 38; 72. f. 28. 29. 83, 34. ANGLICA, Lag., Schm. At., 9, f. 63 ; V. H., 2, f. 4. Fig. 85. CISTTT.A, Brun., forma minor, V. H., PI. II. f. 18. Plate VII. PLATE VIII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. STAURONEIS PUNOTATA, Kg., K. B., p. 106, 21, f. 9; S. B. D., I, p. 61, 19, f. 181); H. L. S., Sm. Sp. T., No. 498. 2. " DILATATA, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 60, 19, f. 191 ; Rub., E. D., p. 248. 3. " LINEARIS, Ehrb., S. B. D., I, p. 60, 19, f. 193. 4. ANCEPS, Ehrb., K. B., p. 105,, 29, f. 4; Rab. S. D., p. 48, 9, f. 14; S. B. D.. I, p. 60. 19, f. 190; V. H., 4, f. 4, 5, (5. - " 5. LEGUMEN, Ehrb. Mik., 39, 3, f. 104; K. B., p. 107, 29, f. 11: M. J., 1856, PI. 1, f. 9: V. II., 4, f. 11. 6. SALINA, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 60, 19, f. lss; V. H., 10, f. 16. " 7. " pRomiCTA, Grun., V. H., 4, f. 12; probably a va- riety of anreps. Figs. 8, 9. ANCKPS, Ehrb., var. Amphieephala, r/'ilc refer- ences f. 4; V. H., 4, f. 4, 6, 7. Fig. 10. GRACILIS, Ehrb. Mik., 1(5, 1, f . 4 ; 17, 2, f. 15; 17, 1, f. 5; S. B. D., I, p. 59, 19, f. 186; Abh., 1870, 2, f. 41. " 11. ACUTA, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 59, 19, f. 187, V. H., 4, f. 3. Figs. 12-15. PHOENECENTERON, Ehrb. Mik., 39, 3, f. 105; Abh., 1S62, p. 64, 1, f. 6; S. B. D., I, p. 59, 19, f. 185; V. H., 4, f. 2. Fig. 14, var. Baileyi. Fig. 16. ENCYONEMA GRACILE. Rab. S. D., p. 24, 10, f. 1; Sehm. At., 10, f. 36, 37, 39, 40; V. H., 3, f. 20, 22. " 17. " The same under lower power, in gelatinous tube. Figs. 18, 19. " VENTRICOSA, Kg., Sehm. At., 10, f. 59; 71, f. 13; V. H., 3, f. 15-17. Fig. 20. " CAESPITOSUM, Kg., Rab. 8. D., p. 24, 7, f. 5; S. B. I)., 11, p. 68, 55, f. 346; Sehm. At., 10, f. 57, 5s, 60. t>2. " 21. " AUERWALDII, Rab. S. D., p. 24, 7. f. 2. Probably only a variety of Fig. 20. " 22. " TRIANGUI.ATUM, Kg., Sehm. At., 10, f. 54; 71, f. 10. Cymbella gibba of Bailey. 23. " PARADOXUM, Kg., K. B., p. 82, 22, f. 1, Rab., S. D., p. 24, 7, f. 3; Sehm. At,, 10, f. 67, 69. " 24. " PROSTRATRUM, Ralfs., Rab. S. D., p. 24, 7, f. 1; 5. B. D., II, p. 68, 54, f. 345; Sehm. ,\t., 10, f. 64, * 66. Evidently varieties of Fig. 23. Plate VIII. PLATE IX. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. AMPHORA COFFEJEFORMIS, Kg., K. B.. p. 108, 5, f. 37, H. L. S., Lens, p. S2. No. 53, 3, f. 17;-Schm. At,, 26, f. 56-5S. 2. HYAI.INA, Kg., p. 10S, 30, f. 18; H. L. S., Lens, p. 74, No. 24, 2, f. 2; S. B. D., I, p. 19, 2, f. 28; Schm. At., 26, f. 52-55. 3. COSTATA, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 20, 30, f. 253; H. L. S., Lens, p. S3. No. 55, 3, f. 28. 4. LAEVISSIMA, Greg., D. C.. p. 41, 4, f. 72; H. L. 8., Lens, p. 7::. No. 81, 1, f. 14; V. H., 1, f. 15. 5. LINEOLATA, Khrb., Mik., 13, 1, f. 19; Rab., S. D.. p. 36, 9, f. 9, 10 ; H. L. S., Lens, p. 74, No. 23, 1, f. 22. 6. OBTECTA, L. W. B., B. J. N. H., p. 348, f. A. B. ; H. L. S., Lens, p. 77, No. 34, 2, f. 12. 7. FUSCA, A. S., Sdi in. At., 27. f. us. SALINA, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 19, 30. f. 251; H. L. S., Lens. p. S4, No. 59, 3, f. 29; Schm. At., 26, f. 81. 9. BINODES, var. interrtipta, Grun., Sen in. At.. '25, f. 65. " 10. FLEXUOSA, Grev.? Schm. At,, 25, f. S2; this is not Grevilli's figure which see PL 112, f. 12. 11. ARCUATA, A. S., Schm. At,. 26, f. 27-29. 12. NOVA ( 'ALEPONICA, Grim., Sec. m. At. 26, f. 16, 24, ,4 . 13. AFFINIS, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 19, 2, f. 27; K. B., p. 95, 18, f. 65 ; Kg.'s form not W. S. ; near A. probos- cidia, Greg., and A. eomniutata, Grim. 14. RECTANGULARIS, Greg., T. M. S., 1857, p. 70, 5, 29; H. L. S., Lens, p. 82, No. 52, 3, f. 13. Figs. 15, 16. LINEATA, Greg., H. L. S., Lens, PI. 3, f. 21, Schm. At,, 26, .V.i. Fig. 17. LINEATA, Greg., small form, Schm. At., 2<>, f. S2, 26, II. L. S., Lens, p. 8, 2, No. 54, 3, f. 21; Schm. At,, 26, f. 59, 82, 86; 27, f. 15. 18. " <;II;I;A, A. S., Schm. At., 39, f. :',2. 19. i-KoTEus, Greg., D. G., p. 46, 5, f. 81; H. L. S., Lens, p. 79, No. 41, 3, f. 1; Schm. At,, 27, 4, .V), 57, 62. Probably a var. of Amp. Janischii, A. S., North American? 22. NAVICULA ELEGANS, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 49, 16, f. 137; Donk., B. D., p. 23, 4, f. 1. Striae should be more radial and somewhat rtexuose. H. L. S. Figs. 23, 24. BOREALIS, Kg., K. B., p. 96, 2s, f. 6s, 72; Schm. At., 45, f. 15, 21; V. H., 6, f. 34. " 25,26. CYNTHIA, A. S., Schm. At., 8, f. 41; O'M., I. D., p. 375, 33, f. 10. Plate K. 46 Pig. 27. NAVICULA CIRCUMSECTA, Grun., CL, 1880, p. 42, UV. Schm. At., 3, f. 27.) " 28. " POLYSTICTA, Grev., Calif., p. 28, 4, f. 12- Sclnn. At., 3, f. 26. Figs. L>9, 30. " TEKMIS, A. S., Schm. At., 45, f. 67, 71; V. H., 6, f. 12 13; probably a var. of N. mesolepta. " 31. " FELLICULOSA, Hilse., V. H., 14, f. 32; Fri^inlin />,-!- liculosa, Gran., 1860, 5, f. 18. " 32. LANCEOLATA, Kg., K. B., p. 94, 28, f. 38; 30, f. 48, Schm. At., 47, f. 49; V. H., 8, f. 16, 17 ; Kg.'s form not W. S.'s. " 33. " GLOBICEPS, Ralfs., V. H., A., f. 13. Figure perhaps rather large for an average size. " 34. " RHYNCOCEPHALA, Kg.,K. B., p. 152, 30, f. 35; S. B. D., I, p. 47, 16, f. 132. Schm. At., 47, f. 28-32. " 35. " PLACENTULA, Ehrb.., K. B., p. 94, 2S, f. 57, Lewis, W., M.D., 2, f. 7. A somewhat dubious form; Khrb., Kg. and Lewis do not quite agree. " 36. " RECTANGULATA, Greg., D. C., p. 7. 1, f. 7; Donk., B. D., p. 66, 10, f. 5; V. H., A. S., f. 7. " 37. ELONGATA, Grun., Schm. At., 50, f. 27-29, merely a form of N. viridis. Figs. 38, 39. DECURRENS, Kg. K. B., p. 99, E. Mik., 11, f. 28 ; Schm. At., 45, f. 29, 30. Fig. 40. " NUMMULARIA, Grev., CaL, p. 29, 4, f. 6 ; Schm. At., 70, f. 37, 38. " 41. " PAPULA, Grun., Schm. At., 7, f. 45-48. " 42. " LANOEOLATA, Kg. Same as Fig. 32. Kg.'s form has divergent striae ; W. S. has striae parallel. " 43. " . NUMMULARIA. Grev.. same as Fig. 40, larger form. Figs. 44, 45. SCULPTA, Ehrb., Mik., 10, 1, f. 5, a. b. Schm. At., 49, f. 46-48; V. H., 12, f. 1. Fig. 46. " BOHEMICA, Ehrb., Mik., 10, 1, f. 4; Schm. At., 49, f. 43-45. PLATE X. Figures magnified .500 diameters. Fig. 1. NAVICULA ANGLICA, Ralfs., Donk., B. D., p. 35, 5, f. 11; O'M., I. D., p. 414, 24, f. 24; V. H., 8, f. 29, 30. 2. GASTKUM, Kg., K. B., p. 94,28, f. 56; Lewis, W., M.D.,p. 11, 2, f. 17; Donk. , B. D., 22,3, f. 10; B. I. N. H., p. 335, f. 34. 3. " PAKVA, Ehrb. (Stauroptera parva, Ehrb.), V. H., 6, f. 6. " 4. DISCREPANS, A. S., Schm. At., 8, f. 8. 5. " PABCA, A. S., Schm. At., 8, f. 20-22. Figs, i), 16. " PALPEBRALIS. Breb., S. B. D., 1, p. 50, 31, f. 273; V. H., 11, f. 9. 7, 17. BREVIS, Greg., var. Greg.'s typical form has pro- duced ends; V. H., 11, f. 18, 19; Donk. B. D., p. 19, 3, f. 4. •S !'. QUIXQUENODIS, Grun. (a var. of mutica), 1860, p. 522, 1, f. 33; 1863, p. 149, 13, f. 9; V. H., 10, f. 21. Fig. ID. EUGENIA, A. S., Schm. At., 8, f. 44, 45; O'M. I. D., p. 395, 33, f. 17. 11. LITTORALIS, var. Donk. B. D., p. 5, 1, f. 2; Schm. At., f. 28, 4. " 12. LITTOBALIS, Schni. At., 7, f. 12, V. H. ; B. S., f. 22. " 13. CRYPTOCEPHALA, Kg., K. B., p. 95, 3, f. 20, 26; Rab. S. D., 6, f. 71 ; V. H., 8, f. 15. 14. COCCONEIFORMIS, Greg., M. J., 1856, p. 6, 1, f. 22. S. B. D., II, p. 92. 15. SERIANS, punctulata, Breb., K. B., p. 92, 30, f. 23; 28, f. 43 ; Rab., S. D., p. 38, 6, f. 51 ; S. B. D., I, p. 47, 16, f. 130. Figs. l.s, 111. PUSILLA, W. S. ; S. B. D., I, p. 52, 17, f. 145; V. H., II, f. 17. Fig. 20. VIRIDTTLA, var. minor, Kg., K. B., p. 91, 30, f. 47; 4, f. 10, 15; Schm. At., 47, f. 48, 53, 56. " 21. RHYNCOCEPHALA, Kg., K. B., p. 52, 30, f. 35; S. B. D., I, p. 47, 16, f. 132; Schm. At., 47, f. 28, 29. " 22. GBACILIS (var. Silesiaca), Ehrb., Mik., 39, 3, f. 85; 16, 3, f. 29; 16, 1, f. 14, a. b., etc. 23. GBACILIS, K. B., p. 91, 3, f. 48; 30, f. 57; Rab., S. D., p. 38, 6, f. 64. " 24. " SEJUNCTA, A. S., Schm. At., 57, f. 50; 70, f. 55, 56. " 25. INFLEXA, Ralfs., Schm. At., 46, f. 69-72. " 2ti. il BBEBISSONII, Kg. (Finn, stauroneiformis, W. S.), K. B., p. 93, 3, f. 49; 30, f. 39; Schm. At,, 44, f. 16. 27. DUBIA, Ehrb., Mik., 39, 2, f. 82; K. B. 96, 28, f. 61 ; Schm. At., 49, f. 11, 24. 2S, TABELLABIA, Icptur/ongyla, Grun., Ehrb., K'. B., p. 96, 28, f. 79, 80; Schm. At., 43, 5. Figs. 29, 30. BACILLUM, and var. Ehrb., Mik., 38a, 20, f. 3, 29, 3, f. 81; 27, 3, f. 8. Sill. Jour., May, 1851, f. 46, K. B., p. 96, 28, f. 69; B. I. N. H., p. 335, f. 20.' Plate X. Kiii. 31. NAVIOULA INTERRUPTA, Bail., K. B., p. KIO, 29, f. 93; Schm. At., 12, f. 10, 11; Sill. Jour., 1842, 2, f. is. " 32. INTERRUPTA, W. S., var. bicapitata, Laii'erst., \'. H., 6, f. 9. 33. CRABRO, Ehrb., var. M. .!., 1847, p. 8, 3, f. 11, Donk., B. D., 46, 7, f. 1; Schm. At,, 09, f. 1. •"•!- ANGUSTA, Grim., I860, p. 528, 3. f. 19, V. H., 7, f. 17. 35. GIBBERULA, var. subinflata, Kg., K. B., p. 101, 3, f. 50, Rab., S. I)., f. p. 45, f>, f. 30. 36. OCULATA, Breb., I. G. ('., 1870, p. 37, 1, f. 5, V. H., 9, f. 10. '" 37. SUBORBICULARIS, Ralfs., Prit., p. 898, Donk., B. D., p. 8, 1, f. 9; .Schrn. At,, 1, f. 3-5. A var. of N. Smithii. 38. GIBBERULA, Kg-.. O'M., I. D. P., 368. This the type form, Fig. 35 a variety. " 39. LACUNARUM, Grun., V. H., 12, f, 31. 40. EXILIS, Kg., K. B., p. 95, 4, f. 6, Rab., S. D., p. 39, 6, f. 84. 41. NUMMULARIA, var. of rtn.fx.ii-hiciildrifs, Grev., CaL, p. 29, p. 4, f. 6; Schm. At., 70, f. 37, 38. Figs. 42. 1 1. NUMMULARIA (typical form) Schm. At., 70, f. 37, 30. Fig. 43. SAUGERI, Dezmez., V. H., 14, f. 8a, (16b, var.)! " 45. CARDINALIS, Ehrb., Schm. At., 44, f. 1, 2, O'M. I. D., p. 341, 30, f. 2; V. H., a Fig. 5, Prit. p. 896; 12, f. 72. 40. GEMMATA, var. Spectabile, Grun., Schm. At., 8, f. 38. 47. BOMBUS, var. Schm. At., 09, f. 28, 29 ; Donk., B. D., p. 50, 1, f. 7. 48. BOMBUS, var. Kiintzingii, Schm. At,, 13, f. 22, 24. 49. NOTABILIS, Grev., T. M. S., 1863, p. 18, 1, f. 9, Schm. At., 8, f. 46-52. " 50. BOMBUS, var. interrupta, Bail., K. B., p. 100, 29, f. 93; Schm. At., 12, f. 10, 11; Sill. J., 1842, 2, f. 18. 51. AMERICANA, Ehrb., Mik., 2, f. |i;; 12, f. Hi; (VM. I. D., p. 351, 30, f. 30; V. H., 12, f. 37. PLATE XI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. NAVKTLA SILLIMANORUM, Ehrb., Mik., 2, 2, f. 13 ; Lewis, W., M.D., p. 11, 2, f. 8; W. and C., 1, p. (i, 2, f. 2, Crane Pond, Mass., etc. " 2. PERMAGNA, var. Esox, K., Edwards, M. J., I860, p. 129; Lewis, 1ST. and R., p. 12, 2, f. 11; H. L. S. T., No. 308, White Mt. 3. ANGEr.oRiTM, var. excavata, Cleve., N. L. K. I)., p. 8, 2, f. 20, S. Monica. 4. POWELI.II, Lewis, N. and R., Sp., p. 7, 2, f. 2. The typical form is somewhat incurved; White Mountain. " 5. GREENLANPICA, Cleve., N. L. K. D., p. 7, 1, f. 13, Davis Strait. " (i. CRUCIATA, Cleve., N. L. K. D., p. H, 1, f. 11. " 7. " FLORIDIANA, Cleve., N. L. K. D., p. 6, 1, f. 10, near X. tluminensis, Grun. 8. FEBEGERII, Cleve., N. L. K. D., p. !>, 2. f. 21. Perhaps a var. of N. Anglica, Rail's. " 9. PENSACOLA, Cleve., N. L. K. D., p. 14, 3, f. 39. 10. MARGINULATA, Cleve., N. L. K. D., 11, 3, f. 29. " 11. " CLUTHENSIS, var, minesta, Greg., D. C., p. 6, 1, f. 2, Prit., p. 909, 7, f. 73. Figs. 12, 13. " GEMINA, Ehrb., Ber., 1840, p. 19; Schm. At., 13, f. 4-9. May be a var. of Bombus, Richmond, Va. Fig. 14. INTERPOSITA, Lewis, W., M.D., p. 18, 2, f. 19; Sin. Sp. T. No. 258. May be a var. of N. firm a. 15. OREGONICA, Kg., K. S. A., p. 71; Prit., p. 907 : Abh., 1S70, 2, 1, f. 10, 11. K). MARGINATA, Lewis, (Mdstmjloia) Lewis, N. and R., Sp., p. 26, 2, f' 1; Delaware River. " 17. TOLYONCA, Breb. Rab., S. D., p. 41 ; Lewis, N. and R., Sp., 2, f. 7; V. H., A., f. 14. Figs. 18, 19. DIRHYNCHUS, Ehrb., Mik., 35, A., 14, f. 3, Rab., S. D., p. 40, 6, f. 48, Donk., B. D., p. 29, 5, f. 3. Plat.' XI. PLATE XII. Figures magnified 5(10 diameters. Fig. 1. NAVICUI.A TABELLARIA, Kg., K. B., 98, 28, f. 79, 80; Prit., p 896, 12, f. 21; Schm. At., 43, f. 4. " 2. SUBNUPA, var. A. S., Schm. At., 12, f. 34. " 3. DIPLOSTICHA, Grim., Schm. At., 13, f. 25-30. Gulf of Mexico, etc. 4. INTERRUPTA, Bail., var. Microstaurum, O'M. I. D., p. 354, 30, f. 36. " 5. " SPLENDIPA, Greg., var. T. M. S., 1856, p. 44, 5, f. 14; Schm. At., 12, f. 31-35; 13, f. 31-34; 69, f. 22, Gulf of Mexico. " 6. " ENTOMON, Kg., K. B., p. 100, 28, f. 74; Donk., B. D., p. 49, 7, f. 5; Schm. At., 13, f. 43-46, Camp. Bay. " 7. " MUSCAEFORMIS, Grun., Schm. At., 13, f. 42, 47; var. of did yma, Campeachy Bay. 8. GEMINA, Ehrb., Ber., 1840, p. 19; Schm. At., 13, f. 4; Campeachy Bay. 9. SALVA, A. S., Schm. At., 46, f. 23, Camp. Bay. 10. " VACILT.ANS, A. S., Schm. At., 8, f. 61 ; 8, f. 42, 43, 52, V. H.,9, f. 9; Camp. Bay. 11. SMITHII, Breb., S. B. D., II, p. 92, Schm. At., 7, 19. Frequent marine. 12. DIDYMA, var. Kg., K. B., p. 100, 4. f. 7; S. B. D., 1, p. 53, 17, f. 154; Schm. At., 13, f. 1-3; Lens, Vol. II, p. 235, 4, f. 8. 13. BIOCULATA, Grun., Schm. At., 70, f. 9, 10. Camp. Bay. 14. PIRRHOMBUS, A. S., Schrn. At., 11, f. 21, 22; 69, f. 9, Gulf of Mexico, etc. 15. CAMPYLOPISCUS, Grim., Schm. At., 8, f. 9, 10, 12, 70, f. 64, 65. Camp. Bay. 1<>. CUSPIPATA, Kg., K. B., p. 94, 3, f. 24,- 37 ; Rab., S. D., p. 37, 5, f. 16; S. B. D., 16, f. 131. 17. BOMBOIDES, A. S., var. Schm. At., 13, f. 36-40 ; V. H. B., f. 19. Camp. Bay. IS. CARPINALIS. Ehrb., var. Not as large as Fig. 45, PL 9, Schm. At., 44, f. 1, 2. Figs. 19, 21. SCHMIDTIANA, Grun., Schm. At., 48, f. 19, 20. Camp. Bay. " 20, 22. PEREGRINA, Kg., K. B., p. 97, 28, f. 52; Schm. At., 47, f. 57-60; O'M. I. D., p. 408, 34, f. 6; V. H., 7, f. 2, Utah, etc. " 23,24. LONGA, Ralfs.,Sc,hm.At.,47, f. 6,8, 10; Donk., B. D., p. 54, 8, f. 3. Camp. Bay. Fig. 25. FUSCA, Ralfs., Schm. At., 7, f. 2-4,7-9; 8, f. 33-37; V. H. B., f. 2, marine. " 20. SUSPECTA, A. S., Schm. At., 11, f. 12, 13, 25-27. Gulf of Mexico, etc. " 27. SCOLIOPLEURA, A. S., Schm. At., 46, f. 63. " 28. T.ACRIMANS, A. S., Schm. At., 12, f. 59, 60,61. Cam- peachy Bay, Gulf of Mexico. Plate XII. PLATE XIII. Figures magnified .500 diameters. Fig-. 1. XAVICULA VIRIDIS, Kg., K. B., p. 97, 4, f. IS; 30, f. 12 ; Frit. p. 907, 9, f. 133-136. Figs. 2-4. NOBILIS, Ehrb., Mik., 11, f. 24a.b., Donk., B. D., p. »:s, 11, f. i; vide Fig. 6, below. Fig- 3. MAJOR, Kg., K. B., p. 97, 4, f. 19, 20; Frit., p. 896, 7, f. 65 ; 12, f. 15, 31 ; 16, f, 1-6 ; Schm. At., 42, f. 8-10, Sm. Sp. T., No. 294. GIGAS, Kg., Schm. At., 42, f. 1, 4; K. B., p. 98. 'i. NOBILIS, Ehrb. (K. B.), p. 98, 4. f. 24; Mik., 15, A., f. 13; 15 B. f. 7 ; Schm. At., 43, f. 13. Figs. 7, 9. VIRIDIS, Kg., same as Fig. 1, above. One of our most common and widely distributed fresh water diatoms; very variable in size. !l> I()- VIRIDIS, front views of frustules as often seen in pairs, or sometimes four or more united. Plate XIII / PLATE XIV. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1, 2. NAVICTTLA AFFINIS, Ehrb. Mik., 39, 3, f. 79, etc. ; K. B., p. 79, 28, f. 65; 30, f. 45, 4(3; Rab., S. D., p. 40, 6, f. 58; 5. B. D., 1, p. 50, 16, f. 143. " 3,4. " AMPHIRHYNCUS, Ehrb., K. B., p. 95, 4, f. 13; 2, f. 11; S. B. D., I, p. 51, 16, f. 142; Prit., p. 901, 12, f. 6. Fig. 5. •' SERRATULA, Gran., Scbm. At., 7, f. 42, 43. Cam- peachy Bay. " 6. " EUDOXIA, O'M. I. D., p. 397, 33, f. 19; Schm. At., 8, f. 39, 40 ; 70, f. 71, Monterey. " 7. MARINA, Ralfs., Donk., B. D., p. 19, 3, f. 5, Schm. At., 6, f. 9, Roxbury, Mass. s. NITESCENS, Ralfs., Prit., p. 898; Donk., B. D., p. S, 1, f. 7; Schm. At., 7, f. 37-41, smaller form. Figs. !i, 1(>. PEXNATA, N. distens, var. A. S., Schm. At., 48, f. 41-43. Fig. 11. FISCHERI, A. S., (Maculata, Edwards), Schm. At., 6, f. 38, Neuse River. 12. SMITHII, Breb., S. B. D., II, p. 92; Schm. At., 7, f. 19, Campeachy Bay. Figs. 13, 14. " APICULATA, Breb., Lewis, W., M.D., 2, f. 7; Schm. At., 46, f. 56, 58, a smaller form. Fig. 15. EXCAVATA, Grev., T. M. S., 1866, p. 130, 12, f. 15; Schm. At., 3, f. 22-25. 16. " PELAGI, A. S., Schm. At., 7, f. 25, 26; Campeachy Bay. 17. " CALIFORNICA, Grev., Cal., p. 29, 4, f. 5, Schm. At., 3, f. 15, 16. Figs, is, 19. " ELMPTICA, Kg., K. B., p. 98, 30, f. 55; Schm. At., 7, f. 27-32; 54, 55; V. H., 10, f. 10. Fig. 20. " Undetermined, A. S., Schm. At., 6, f. 29, from Gulf of Mexico, near small form of N. Brasiliensis, Fig. 21. " -21. BRASILIENSIS, Grun., 1863, p. 152, 14, f. 10; Schm. At., 6, f. 19, 20, Campeachy Bay. " -Ji>. NITESOKNS, Rail's., larger form, comp. Fig. 8 above. MARINA, allied to N. maculata, comp. Fig. 7 above. " CALIFORNICA, var. Camp. Baj^, Grev., Schm. At., 3, f. 24. Figs. 25,26. IMPRESSA, Grun., Schm. At., 6, f. 17, 18, Camp. Bay. Fitr. 27. EXCAVATA, Grev., comp. Fig. 15 above, -Cam]), bank. Figs. 2s, 2'.», 30. " HENNEDYI, var. W. S.,S. B. D., II, p. 93; T. M. S., 1856, p. 40, 5, f. 3 ; Prit., p. 898, 7, f. 69 ; Schm. At.. 3, f. 3-5; 3, f. 17, 18; Camp. Bay, etc. xiv. 30 PLATE XV. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. • 1. NAVICULA LACRIMANS, A. S., Schm. At., 12, f. 59, 60, HI, Gulf of Mexico. " -2. MULTICOSTATA, Grun., 1860, p. 524, .1, f. 13; Schin. At., 11, f. 14-20, Camp. Bay. " •'!. COARCTATA, A. S., Sohiu. At., 11, f. 30-32; 69, f. 11, Camp. Bay. " 4. " EXEMPTA, A. S., Schm. At., 11, f. 28, 29: 69, f. 13, 4u, Camp. Bay. " 5. PANDURA, Breb., D. C., p. 15, f. 4, T. M. S., 1856, p. 43, 5, f. 11, Schm. At., 11, f. 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 (X. crabro var. \ Gulf of Mexico. " 6. PR1SCA, A. S., Schm. At., 12, f. 67-70, Richmond, Va. " 7. " CRABRO, Kg., S. B. D., II, p. 94; M. J., 1857, p. 8, 3, f. 11; Schm. At,, 69, f. 1. Sauta Monica. " 8. " GIEBELII, A. S., Schm. At,, 12, f. 73, Camp. Bay. " 9. CRABRONIFORMIS, Gruii., Schm. At., 11. f. 24; Gulf of Mexico. " 10. PUELLA, A. S., Schm. At., 12, f. 13-15; 69, f. 25, 15, California. " 11. " COARCTATA, A. S., comp., Fig. 3 above. 12. CONFECTA, A. S., Schm. At.. 12, f. 46, Camp. Bay. " 13. " PRISI 'A, A. S., s^ame as Fig. 6, above. 14. SPLENDIDA, var. Grey., T. M. S., 1856, p. 44, 5, f. 14, Schm. At,, 12, f. 31-35; 13, f. 31-34; 69, f. 22, Gulf of Mexico, etc. 15. DEMTA, A. S., Schm. At., 69, f. 34, Santa Monica. Figs. lt>, is. PUELLA, A. S., same species as Fig. 10, above. Fig. 17. DONKINII, A. S.,Schm. At., 12, f. 63, 64, Camp, bank •" 1!». CHERSONENSIS, Gruii., Schm. At., 12, f, 40; 69, f. 21. " 20. ORNATA, A. S., Schni. At., 69, f. 5, Monterey. Plate XV. PLATE XVI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. NAVICULA CALIFORNICA, var. Grev., Cal., p. 29, 4, f. 5, Schm. At., 3, f. 15, 16, Camp. bank. " 2. IRRORATA, Grev., Cal., p. 27, 4, f. 1, Schm. At., 2, f. 19, 22, 23, Gulf of Mexico. 3. SPECTABILIS, Greg., D. C., p. 98, 1, f. 10; Donk., B. D., p. 12, 2, f. 5 ; Schm. At., 3, f. 20, 21, 29. 4. " LYRA, var. recta, Ehrb. Amer., 1, 1, f. 9; K. B., p. 94, 28, f. 55; Rab., S. D., 5; f. 15; Schm. At., 2, f. 18, 2, f. 24, 25, 32; 3, f. 11, 12, J. M. S., 1878, p. 509* 44. f. 1, Gulf of Mexico. " 5. EXSUL, A. S., Schm. At., 2, f. 13, Camp. bank. " 6. LYRA, Typ., Camp, bank, Schm. At., 2, f. 16, comp. Figs. 4, 9, 14. Frequent. " 7. COUPERI, Ralfs., Prit., p. 898, Schm. At., 2, f. 12, Camp. Bay. " 8. " ROBERTSIANA, Grev., S. P. D., PI. 3, f. 9; Schm. At., -2, f. 7. '.' 9. LYRA, var. dilatata, A. S. Schm. At., 2, f. 26, comp. Figs. 4, 6, 14, Gulf of Mexico. " 10. DISTENTA, A. S., Schum., 1867, p. 58, 2, f. 53; Schm. At., 2, f. 14, Camp. bank. 11. DIFFUSA, A. S,, Schm. At., 2, f. 28, Mexico. 12. PYGMAEA, Kg., S. B. D., II, p. 91, Schm. At., 70, f. 6, 7, Camp. Bay. " 13. FORCIPATA, Grev., M. J., 1859, p. 83, 6, f. 10; Schm. At,, 70, f. 17; V. H., 10, f. 3, N. Smithii var.? 14. LYRA, Ehrb., subtypical, Schm. At,, 2, f. 32, Neuse River, comp. Figs. 4, 6, 9, 14. " 15. " CARINIFERA, Gruii., Schm. At., 2, f. 1, 2; 70, f. 42, Camp. Bay. " 16. ACUMINATA, Ralfs., Prit., p. 909; O'M. I. D.,'p. 354, 30, f, 41. " 17. IRRORATA, Grev., Cal., p. 27. 4, f. 1, Schm. At., 2, f. 19, 22, 23, comp. Fig. 2, above. " 18. " APPROXIMATA, tirev., Cal., p. 28, 4, f. 4, var. Schui. At., 2, f. 20, 21, Camp. Bay. " lit. APIS, Kg., K. B., p. 100, 28, f. 76, Donk., B. D., p. 48, 7, f. 3; Schm. At., 12, f. 16-25; Schm. At., 69, 41, 43, 44. " 20. FORCIPATA, Grrev., comp. Fig. 13, above. " DIFFLUENS, A. S., Schm. At., 2, f. 15, Camp. bank. SCIOTILLANS, A. S., Schm. At., 70, f. 61, Camp. bank. " 23. INFLATA, Kg., K. B., p. 99, 3, f. 36; Rab. S. D., 5, f. 10; S. B. D., II, p. :>n, 17, f. 158. " 24. CARIBAKA, A., Schm. At., TO, f. 48; Cleve., 1878, p. 5. " 25. " WEISFLOGII, A. S., Schm. At., 12, f. 26-32, var. 12, f. 30, Gulf of Mexico. " L:H. LYRA, var. signata, A. S., Schm. At., 2, f. 4, Gulf of Mexico. • " 27. CLUTHENSIS, Greg., D. C., p. 6, 1, f. 2, Prit., 7, f. 13, Gulf of Mexico. Plate XVI. PLATE XVII. Figures magnified .500 diameters. Fig. 1. NAVICULA MACULATA, Edwards, M. J., 1860, p. 129; Sm. S. T.. No. 29.3. " 2. COUPERII, Ralfs., Prit., 898, Schm. At., 2. f. 12; (var. of Lyra), Camp. Bay, etc. Figs. 3, 4. PERMAGNA, Edwards, T. M. S., 1866, p. 127, 12. f. 18-21 ; Lewis, N. and R.. p. 12, 2, f, 11, Florida, etc. Fig. 5- DARIANA, A. S., Sfhm. At., 42, f. 24, 25, Xeuse River. " 6- SOLARIS, Greg., T. M. S., 1856, p. 43, 5, f. 10; Sfhm. At., 46, f. 16, N. Providence. OSOITANS, A. S., Schm. At.. 6, f. 41. Monterey. FUTILTS, A. S., Schm. At., 13, f. 17, 18. 69, f. 36; Cali- fornia. Near a var. of didyma. Figs. 9, 10. RHOMBOIDES, Ehrb.. K. B., 94, 28, f. 45; 30, f. 44; S. B. IX, I. p. 46, 16, f. 129; Lewis, W., M.D., p. 10, 2, f. 10, 11; H. L. S., M. M. J., 1876, p. 279. Fig. 11. INDICA, Grev.. T. M. S., 1862, p. 95, 9, f. 13; Schm. At., (var. 1, 3, f. 7). 12. HUMEROSA, Breh., S. B. D., II, p. 93; Donk., B. D., p. 18, 3, f. M; Schm. At,, 6, f. 3-5. 1^- SPHAEROPHORA, Kg., K. B., 95, 4. f. 17, Rab., S. D., 4(». 6. f. 65 r S. B. D., I. p. 52, 17, f. 148. 14- GRANULATA, Breb., T. M. S., 1858, p. 17, 3, f. 19, Schm. At., 6, f. 15, 16. 15. HUMEROSA, Breb. Figs. 16, 17. RETUSA. Breb., S. B. P., II, p. 92; Schm. At., 4(i, f. 45, 46, Ores well. Fig. 18. COMMTJTATA, Grun., Schm. At., 45, f. 22, 25, 35, (= .V. viridis, var. ) • Figs. 19,20. HEMIPTERA, Kg., K. B., 30, f. 11; Schm. At., 43, f. 26-30, O'M.. I. D., p. 349, 30, f. 22. Fig. 21. DICEPHALA, Ehrb. Mik., 16, 1, f. 17; 17, 2, f. 7 ; S. B. D., I, p. 53, 17, f. 157; Schm. At.. 72, f. 29-33: 44, f. 33, 34. " 22. DUBIA, Ehrb. Mik., 39, 2. f. 82; K. B., 96, 28, f. 61 ; Schm. At., 49, f. 11, 24. 23. BINOIDES, Ehrb. Ber.. 1840, p. 18, K. B., p. 100, 3, f. 35, Rab., S. D., p. 41, 5, f. 5; S. B. D., I, p. 53, 17, f. 159. Figs. 24, 25. LATISSIMA, Greg., T. M. S., 1856, p. 40, 5, f. 4. Prit., p. 903, 7, f, 70, Schm, At., 6, f. 7, var, N. hnmerosa. Plate XVII. PLATE XV HI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. NAVICULA COLUMNARIS, Ehrb. Mik., 14, f. 23; 7, 1, f. 4; Schm. At,, 49, f. 1. New York, Mass. " 2. EXCENTRICA, Grun.. 1860, p. 545. 1, f. 1 ; Schm. At., 50, f. 6, 7, marine. " 3. TUMESCENS, Grun., Schm. At.. 49, f. 10; ( X. fir inn var. ) Maine. 4. IRIDTS, Ehrb., K. B., 28, f. 42; Donk., B. P., p. 30, 5, f. 6; Schm. At.. 49, f. 2, (larger var. of N. ftrma?) New York. •' 5. DILATATA, Ehrb. Mik., 3, f. 25, Rab., S. 1)., p. 37, comp. Fig. 7, typical form. " 6. " COLUMNARIS, vide Fig. 1, above. 7. DILATATA, var. Ehrb. Mik., 16, 3. f. 25; 8, 3, a., f. 9, Sohm. At., 49, 6, 9; Maine, Mass. •' 8. DILATATA, Schm. At., 49, 9. Monmouth, Maine. " 9. BLEISCHII, Jan. and Rab., p. 9, 2, f. 10, Schm. At., 50, f. 22, 25, n earl v related to N. excentrica. " 10. AMPHIGAMPHUS, Ehrb. Mik., 6, 1. f. 20; 7, 1, f. 16; K. B., p. 93, 28, f. 40; Rab., S. P., p. 38, 6, f. 47; Schrn. At., 49, f. 31-34. Frequent, usually repre- sented by smaller forms. I'liilo XVIII. PLATE XIX. Figures magnified -500 diameters. Fig. 1. NAVICULA PROBABILIS, A. S., Schm. At., 50, f. 46, Camp. Bay. '• 2. FORMOSA, Greg., T. M. S., 1856, p. 42, 5, f. 6, Schm. At., 50. f. 8-14. Only a var. of N. permagna, H. L. S., Salt Lake; Neuse River, etc. " 3. PRODUCTA, a var., W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 51, 17, f. 144, Prit., p. 902, 7, f. 66; Schm. At., 49, f. 37-39, 50, f. 47. Marine. 4. " HEXAPLA, A. S., Sehm. At., 50, f. 50, Oregon. " 5. AMPHIGOMPHUS, Ehrb. Mik., 6, 1, f. 20: 7, 1, f. 6, Rab. S. D., p. 38, 6, f. 47; Schm. At., 49, f. 31-34. Maine, etc. " 6. I.INEARIS, Grun., 1860, p. 546, 1, f. 2, Schm. At., 50, f. 38; O'M. I. I)., p. 371, 31, f. 39. Gulf of Mexico. Figs. 7, 8. " MORMONORUM, Grun., Schm. At., 44, f. 24-26. Utah. Fig. 9. FIRMA, (var. subundnlata, Kg., K. B., p. 92, 21, f. 10, 5. B. D., 16, f. 138; Schm. At., 49, f. 3, 14; var. Subundulata, f. 16, Hudson River. " 10. FIRMA, typical form. 11. FORMOSA, var. Same species, different form, as Fig. 2, above. Utah, etc. " 12. " PRODUCTA, var., Schm. At., 50, f. 49; says fralic/i. Marine. 13. AMPHIRHYNCHUS, Ehrb., K. B., p. 95, 4. f. 13; 2, f. 11, S. B. D., I, p. 51, 16, f. 142; Prit., p. 901, 12, f. 6. Fresh-water. 14. " XODOSA, Ehrb. Mik., 17, 2, f. 12, 13, K. B., 28, f. 82; Rab., S. D.. 41, 6, f. 86; Schm. At,, 45, 56-58. Fresh-water. " 15. PRODUCTA, var. nearer the typical form, Fig. 12, com- pare refs., Fig. 3. Marine. Figs. 16-19. BREBISSONII, Kg., K. B., 3, f. 49; 30, f. 39, Rab., S. D., 6, f. 54 ; Schm. At., 44, f. 16-19 ; Sm. Sp. T., No. 249, O'M. I. D., p. 350, 30, f. 24. Fresh- water. " 20,21. DIVERGENS, Ralfs., Prit., p. 896, Schm. At., 44, f. 6, 14, 15, 42. Fresh-water. Fig. 22. " VACILLANS, A. S., Schm. At., 8, f. 61, V. H.,-9, f. !». Marine. " 23. AMPHISBAENA, Borg. Mik., 10, 1, f. 7 ; 7, 2, f. 5, etc., S. B. D., I, p. 51, 17, f. 147 ; Donk. B. D., p. 36, 5, f. 13. Small form, fresh-water. Plate XIX. 31 Figs. 24,25. DIDYMA, Kg., K. B., 100, 4, f. 17; S. B. D., I, p. 53, 17, f. 154; Prit., p. 893, 7, f. 61 ; Schm. At., 13, f. 1-3. Marine, Pig. 26. MOESTA, A. S., Schm. At., 69, f. 18, 19. Fresh-water. " 27. SEPARABILIS, A. S., Schm. At., 11, f. 3/5, 6, 7, 10, 11. Marine. ' 28. PRAESTES, A. S., Schm. At., 12, f. 57, 58. Marine. 29. INFLATA, Kg. K. B., 3, f. 66; S. B. D., II, p. 50, 17, f. 158, Sm. Sp. T., No. 284. Fresh-water. Figs. 30, 31. HITCHCOCKII, Ehrb. Mik., 53, f. 11; 33, 12, f. 24; Prit., p. 89, 7, f. 62 ; Schm. At., 49, f. 35, 36. Rather unusually large form ; Pennsylvania waters. Ordinarily a smaller diatom than N. amphis- baena, Fig. 23. PLATE XX. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. NAVICVLA PRKTKXTA. Ebrb., Greg., T>. €., p. 9, 1. f. 11 : Schm. At.. :'., f. :;o, :',4. Marine. Figs. -2. ( is,. SINGULARIS, A. S., Schm. At., 43. f. 30, a variety of acrosphucria, Kg. Fresh-water. Fig. 3. MEsuLEt-TA, Ehrh., var. undulata. Grim., K. B., p. 101, 2*, f. 73 ; Rab., 8. D., 41, 6, f. 72; Schm. At., 45. f. .',-2, 53, 70. Fresh-water. 4. " ASPEP.A, iStauroneisi, Kg., A. B., 29, f. 12, Prit., 9, 14; V. H., 10. f. 13; Sm. Sp. T., No. 4o7. il 5. Acr.MiNATA? W.S., fig. probably represents merely a var. of X. viridis. Fresh-water. " ii. HEMIPTEKA. Kg., var. macilenta, Grim., K. B., p. 99, 110. f. 11: Grim., 1*1)0, ]». :>19, 2. f. 20; S.-lim. At., 43, f. 26, 2*. Fresh-water. 7. PRETEXTA, Ehrb., var. of Fig. 1. Marine. SMITHII, Breb., S. B. D., II, p. 92; Schm. At., 7, f. 9, <>'M., I. D., p. 382, 32, f. 8. Fresh-water. Figs. 9, 10, 11. •' UIBBA, Kg., 28, f. 70; Schm. At,, 45, f. 45-51, V. H., A., f. 12. Fresh-water. 12. 17). TABELI.ARIA, i var. macilcnta), Kg. K. B., 98, 28, f. 7. 9; Prit., 896. 12, f. 21; Schm. At.. 43, f. 4. Fresh-water. Fig. 13. MKSOI.KPTA, Ehrb. Mik., 17. 2, f. 11; K. B., 101, 28. f. 73. Fresh-water. Figs. 14, i Iti i. MESOLEPTA, var. Stauroneiformis, Lewis, (N. rneso- tyla), Ehrb. Mik., 10, 1, f. 10; Rab., S. D., p. 41, 5, f. »3; Schm. At., 45, f. f>2, 55. Fresh-water. Fig. 15. MESOLEPTA, Ehrb., comp. Figs. 3, 13, 14, 1»3. 18. SINGULARIS, i'hl<- Fig. 2. Figs. 19,20. OBTUSA, Ehrb. Mik.. 2, 3, f. 7; 13. 2. f. 9, 2(i. 1. f. 51, etc., Abli., 1*70, 2, 1, f. 37. Fresh-water. Fig. 21. SE.MEN, Ehrb. Mik., 38. A., 20, f. 2; 39, 3, f. 88, *'.» : Al.lK, 1871, 1, D., f. 2, 3; Sill. J., May, 1851, f. 48, 49, Schm. At., 72, f. 1. Fn-ah-water. " 22. ELGiNENSis, Halt., Prit., p. 902, also near dicephala, Ehrb. Mik., 16, 1, f. 17; Abh., 1872, 1, E, f. 4; K. B., 28, f. 60, 82. Fresh- water. Plate XX PLATE XXI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1, 2, 3. NAVICULA DACTYIATS, Kg., K. B.. p. 98, 28, f. 59, Sohm. At., 42, f. 6; V. H., 5, f. 1. Fresh-water. Fig. 4. DACTYLUS, Kg., var. subgigas, A. S. Fresh-water. '• 5. TABELLARIA, Ehrl)., (var. transversa, n. var.), K. B., p. 98, 28, f. 79, 80; Prit., 896, 12, f. 21, Schm. At., 43, f. 4. Fresh-water, New York. Figs, fi, 7. RADIOSA, Kg., K. B., 4, f. 23 ; Schm. At., 47, f. 50-52; Sm. Sp. T., No. 311. Fresh-water. " 8, 9. " A< ROSPHAERIA, Kg. K. B., 5, f. A., Schm. At., 43, f. 16, 21, 22. Fresh-water. Fig. 10. OBLONGA, Kg. (var., curta, n. var.), K. B., 4, f. 21; Schm. At., 47, f. 63-68; Sm. Sp. T., No. 300. Marine. 11. " ACROSPHAERIA, forma major. Fresh-water. Plate XXI. PLATE XXII. Figures magnified .">00 diameters. Fig. 1. BIDDULPHIA TUOMKYI, vur. Roper, T. M. 8., 1859, p. 8, 1, f. 1, '2, Prit., p. 848, 6. f. 10; V. H., 98, f. 23. Marine. Figs. 2, 3, 4. PYXIDICULA GLOBATA. This tig. copied from Pritchard has no value; it is no diatom. Fig. 5. BIBLARIUM (HYLOBIBLIUM), eccentricum, Ehrb. Mik.. 33, 12, f. 31. Marine. " 6. iSTYOOHiHLirM) divisum, Ehrb. Mik., 33, 12, f. 30. " 7. SYMBOLOPHORA ACUTA. Ehrb. Mik., 33. f. 21, Mic. Dicty, 43, f. 54. Of no value ; probably only a fragment of a Trieeratium. Figs. 8, 9. GOMPHONEMA OREGONicuM, Ehrb. Mik., 37, 2, f. 12, 13, = G. Herculaneum, Ehrb. = a large var. of G. Capi- tatuni. Ehrb. Fresh-water. Fig. 10. XAVICULA TUSCULA, Ehrb. Mik., 6, 1, f. 13, a. b., V. H., 10, f. 14. Fresh-water. 11. SUBINFLATA, Grim., M. S. S., Cleve, Vega., p. 470, f. 50, var. of limosa, Grun., V. H., 12, f. 20. Fresh- water. " 12. UNDULATA, var. of limosa, Grim., V. H., 12, f. 22. Fresh-water. " 13. GIBBERULA, var. limosa, Grun., V. H., 12, f. 19. Fresh-water. " 14. SCHUMANNIANA, = (trochus .' Ehrb.) Grun., V. H., 11, f. 21. Fresh-water. Figs. 15, 16. TENELLA, Breb., Prit., p. 904, Schm. At., 47, f. 45, 46, = N. radiosa, var. Fresh-water. Fig. 17. NITZSCHIA CURSORIA, (Bacilaria Cursoria), Prit., 784, 4, f. 20, Grun., Cleve, 1880, p. 89; V. H., 62, f. 19. Fresh- water. " 18. XAVICULA DEWITTIANA. K. and S., Bull. Tor. Bot. Club, Au- gust, 1889, Atlantic City, N. J. Fossil. " 19. GOMPHONEMA CAPITATUM, Ehrb. Mik., 16, 3, f. 37; K. B., 16, f. 2; Rab. S. D., 8, f. 15; S. B. D., 28, f. 237. Fresh-water. " 20. SCHIZONEMA VULGARE, Thwaites, A. X. H., 1848, 12, f. 41, V. H., 17, f. 6. Marine. 21. XAVICULA RHOMBOIDES, Ehrb., K. B., 28, f. 45; 30, f. 44; Rab., S. D., 5, f. 15; S. B. D., 16, f. 129. Fresh-water. 22. PLEUROSIGMA DKLICATULUM, W. S., S. B. D., 21, f. 302, Prit., p. 918; Sm. Sp. T., Xo.398. Fresh-water. Figs. 23,24. EPITHEMIA MARINA, Donk.,T. M. S., 1868, p. 29, 4. f. 14. Fig. 25. AMPHORA PLICATA, = i A linoleata, Ehrb. ) Greg., T. M. S., 1857, p. 70, 1, f. 3; H. L. S., Lens, p. 75, Xo. 25, 2, f. 3; Schm. At., 26, f. 50. Figs. 26, 27. PODOSPHKNIA = (LiCMOPHORA), papeana, Grim., 1863, p. 138, 14, f. 11, Fig. 27, var. elongata. Fig. 2*. COLLECTOR EMA VULGARE, Thwaites, A. N. H., 2d Ser., Vol. I, 12, f. H., S. B. D., II, p. 70, 56, f. 35, Sm. Sp. T. Fresh-water. " 29. BIDDULPHIA LUNATA, Ehrb. Mik., 18, f. 53. Very doubtfully a Biddulphia. Plate XXII. PLATE XXIII. Figures magnified oOO diameters. Fig. 1. NAVICULA PRESTIOPHORA, Jan., Schm. At., 70, f. 72, ( = JV. Crabro var.) Marine. " 2. " MARGINATA, O'M. not Lewis's Marginata which is a Mastoyolia. This may be N. incxrvata, Greg. " 3. BOMBUS, Kg., Greg. D. C., p. 12, 1, f. 12; Schm. At., 69, f. 28,29; V. H. B., f. 22. 4. SIMTTLANS, O'M., tigure, p. 373, 31, f. 47. Marine. O'Mara's figure too angular and Donkin's tigure acuminate. H. L. S. Figs. 5, (11). LIBEB, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 48, 16, f. 133; Donk., B. D., p. 62, 9, f. 5; Schm. At., 50, f. 16-18. Fresh- water. Fig. 6. ISOCEPHALA, Ehrb., E. Amer., p. 133; K. B., p. 101 ; O'M. I. D., 30, f. 31. " 7. VENETA, Kg., K. B., 30, f. 76; Rab. S. D., 6, f. 83; Sm. Sp. T., No, 328 ; V. H., 8, f. 3, 14, f. 34. " 8. DUPLICATA, Ehrb., Mik., 21, f. 35; K. B., 28, f. 78; Rab. S. D., 5, f. 4. " 9. DISPHENIA, Kg., K. B., p, 93, 28, f. 54; Prit., 908. 10. FUSIDUM, Ehrb. Mik., 7, 1, f. 16, 5, f. 4: K. B., p. 96. " 11. LIBER, W. S. vide above, Fig. 5. " i-j. SILLIMANORUM, Ehrb. Mik., 2, f. 13; Lewis, W., M.D.. p. 11, 2, f. 8; W. and C., 1, p. 6, 2, f. 8. 13. JOHNSONII, O'M. I. B., p. 373, 31, f. 46; V. H. B., t. 28; Sm. Sp. T., No. 286. A very delicate diatom. 14. Esox, Kg., K. B., p. 94, 28, f. 53 ; Prit. 896, 12, f. 43 ; O'M. I. D., 31, f. 33. An exaggerated form of N. permagna? Figs. 15. 1(5. TRUNCATA, Kg. These figures from Rab. S. D., 6, f. 67. Entirely distinct in Donk.'s form, which see Plate at end. Fig. 17. REINHARDTI, Grun., V. H., 7. f. 5, 6; Sm. Sp. T., No. 311. Var. of N~. vn-rians, Greg. 18. rxnosA. Ehrb., Mik., 39, 3, f. 90; Abh., 1871, 1. f. 4: K. B., 28, f. 83; Rab. S. D., 6, f. 82. Figs. 19,20. PTTPULA, Kg., K. B., 30, f. 40; Rab. S. D., 6, f. 82; V. H., 13, f. 15, 16. 21. " VELOX, Kg., K. B., 3, f. 66; Rab. S. D., 5, f. 12. 22. GOMPHONEMA, AMERICANUM, (= cupitatuni), Ehrb. Mik.. 16, 13, f. 33; 17, 1, f. 53; 5, 1, f. 38; 9, 1, f. 35. 23. EUNOTIA, HEPTODON, Ehrb. Mik., 16, 2, f. 26; 17, 1, f. 34. Plate XXII 1. Figs. 24,25. NAVICXTLA AMPHIONVS, Ehrb. Mik.. 39. 3, f. so ; 37, 3, f. 5, (>, Sill. Jour., May, 1851, p. 47 • K. I',. 2x, f. :i7 ; Rab. S. D., 6, f. H3. Very like \. fuxijoninx. (irun., Y. H., 14, f. 33. '" 2fi,27. LATA, Breb.,V. H.,6, f. 1,2; Donk.,B. D.,55,18, 167. Fig. 28. GOMPHONEMA, AMERICANUM, Ehrb. (= ^. I i, Breb., Cleve., 18SSO. p. 107. H, f. 119. Sm. Sp. T.. Xo. 558. Figures taken from slide. Fig. 20. GONOTHECIUM ROGERSII, Ehrb., Bail., Sill. J., Mar., 1844, p. 301, Mir., 18, f. 92, 93, M. J., 1856, PI. 7, f. 43-46, Mic. Die., 42, f. 39. Marine. " 21. TRK-KRATIUM ACULEATUM, Ehrb. Mik., 1856, p. 14. Fig. suggested by the description. Fossil. " 22. SPINOSUM, Bril., Sill. J., Vol. XLV1, 1844, Schm. At., 87, f. 7. Fossil, Va. Figs. 2:1,, 24. 25. HEMIAULUS POLYMORPHUM, Gran., F. Jos., p. 14, 2, f. 42, 49. Marine. " 26,27. MASTOGLOIA KINSMANII. Lewis. W.. M.D., p. 17, 2, f. 15, White Mountain. Fresh-water. Plate XXV. PLATE XXVI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1-4, also Id, 1 1. GOMPHONEMA GEMiNATUM, S. and F. views, Ag., Syst., K. B., p. 8ft; 13, f. 2, Rab., S. D., 8, f. 14, 8. B. D., 27, f. 235, Sm. Sp. T., No. 150. Variable in size and form. Fig. 2, var. hybrida. " 5. GOMPHONEMA MAMMILLA, Ehrb. Mik., 27, 2, f. 10, Abh., 1870, p. oft, V. H., 23, f. 1. Figs. 6, 7. CAPITATUM, vars. " 8, 9. MAXIMUM, Grun., not separable from G. mam- milla, Ehrb., V. H., 23, f. 3. Compare Fig. f>. Ill, 11. GEMINATUM, Ag., rill.C FigS. 1-4. " 12, 1."-. CONSTRICTUM, Ehrb., K. B., 13, f. 1, 2, Rab., S. D., 8, f. 12; S. B. D., I, p. 78, 28. f. 236, Prit., p. 887, 10, f. 187-190. 14, 15. '^ CONSTRICTUM, in vegetative condition under lower power. Fig. 1ft. DICHOTOMUM, Kg., K. B., 85, s, f. 14, S. B. D., 28, f. 240, Sm. Sp. T., No. 179. " 17. DICHOTOMUM, under lower power, in vegetative state. Plate XXVI. PLATE XXVII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Kigs. 1, 2. GOMPHONEMA spHAEROPHoRUM, Ehrlj. ( (T. Constriotuin, var.), Mik., 37, 11, f. 16; 35. A., 7, f. 14; L. ^T. Bail. 344, f. 75, V. H., 23, f. 30. " 3, (11). CIITSTATU.M, Halts.. An. H., 1843, p. 463. 18, f. 6, Rah. S. I)., 8, f. 19, S. B. P., I, p. 70. 2X. f. 23! i. Sin. Sp. T.. No. 17s. Fig. 4. INTRICATU.M, Kg.. K. H.. it, f. 4. Rah. S. D., 8, f. 27, S. B. D., 29, f. 241. " 5. VIBRIO, Ehrb. Mik., 39, 3, f. 71 ; Rab. S. P., s, f. it. S. B. D., 28, f. 242, V. H., 24, f. 26. Fi«s. 6, 7. GRACILE, Ehrh. Mik., 39, 3, f. 67, etc., Abh., 1X6! i. l, A. f. 20. Sill. J., May. 1*51. f. 13-15. Rab. S. D., 8, f. 2( i. Fig. 8. ELK.JANS, Urun., V. H.,25, f. 19. Crista, Cal. " 9. TiTRttiDUM, Ehrh. A var. of C. Capitatuni, V. H., 23, f. 11. 10. SARCOPHAGI'S, (ire.tr., M. J., 185(3, p. 13, 1, f. 42, V. II., 25, f. 2. S. B. D.. II, p. 99. " 11. CRISTATTM. rifle Fig. 3. " 12. MKXICA.NTM, (Jrun., V. H.. 24. f. 3, (i. Oom- mutatuin, var. 13. TENEI,I,TTM, Kg., S. B. D., I, p. 80, 29, f. 243, Rab. S. D., 8, f. 5, Sin. Sp. T., No. 1S3. Kin-s. 14,15. OLIVACEUM, Ehrb., K. B., 7, f. 13, 15; S. B. D., 29, f. 244, Sin. Sp. T., Xo. 182, V. H., 25, f. 20. Kig. Hi. SKMIAPERTTM, (Jrun., V. H., 24, f. 42. Figs. 17, 18. RHOICOSPHENIA, CXTRV.ATA, var. .Marina Rab., M. Diet., is, f. 19. V. H., 26, f. 4. lit. 20,21. TYP. CURVATA, Urun., 1868, p. 8. M. Diet., 48, f. 19, V. H., 26, f. 1-3. " 22. 23. 24. ACHNANTHES i.ON.rii'Es. Ag. Syst., p. 1, K. B., 77, 20, f. 1. S. B. D., II, 35, f. 3oo, Prit., 873, 7, f. 42, Sm. Sp. T., No. 43, Bail. M. O., 2, f. 1. 22 entire plant ; 23 inferior valve ; 24 superior valve. Fig. 25. EXILIS, Kg., S. B. D., II, 29, 37, f. 303, V. II., 27, f. 16-19. Fresh-water. " inferior valve, V. H., 27, f. 18. MiCROCEpHALUM.Grun., =( Achnanthidinni i, K. B., 3, f. 13, 19, Rab. S. D.,8, f. 2, S. B. D., II, p. 31, 61, f. 380, Sm. Sp. T., No. 9. The typical form is broader, moie iiilhited. 2s. HUDSONIS. (mm., valves superior and infe- rior, V. 11., 27, f. 25. 26. " 2! i. BRKVIPKS, A-.. Mik., 6, 2, f. 25; K. I;., 20. f. '.i. Sill. J., 1X42. p. 325. :;, f. 12, Sm. Sp. T., No. 1, S. !',. 1)., 37. f. 301. 30. do. inferior valve. Fi->. :;i .;i. SUBSKSSII.IS, Kg. Two inferior valves and, two plants in situ. Plate XXVII. 18 19 20 21 PLATE XXVIII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fiiis. 1, 2. SCHIZONEMA RABfosissiMA, Ag. Syst., Fig. 1. A frond, natural size; S. B. P., II, p. 79, 59, f. 369, Sm.. Sp. T., No. 47s. " 3,4. SMITHII, 3, the frustule, 4, frond, natural size, Ag. Syst,, p. 10, K. B., 27, f. 5, V. H., 15, f. 4. " 5. f>. GREVILLKI. 5, frond, nat. size and frustule 5?°, Ag., K. B., 5, f. 1 ; 26, f. 4, 8. B. D,, 5S, f. 364, Prit., p. 928, 8, f. 3S. " 7,8. IMPLICATUM, 7, frond, nat. size ; 8, frustnles, S. B. D., 5!), f. :i(i7, Sin. Sp. T., No. 471. " 9, 10. CRUCGIEK. frond, nat. si/.c, and frustule ""," S., B. D., 51), f. 354, Frit., 92s, Y. H., Hi. f. 1, '_!. 11, 12. CUMOIDES, ( Frustulo "'/", and frond, nat, size), Ag., 8. B. D., PI. 57, f. 358, V. H., 16, f. 3. Fig. i:;. AMERICANTM, Grun., V. H., 15, f. 35, (=8. tenne, var. ) 14. DIVERGENT, 8. B! D., PL 57, f. 363, Sin. Sp. T., No. 465, V. H., 15, f. 10, probably a var. of S. Smithii. 15, (19.) GOMPHONEMA, coxsTRicTUM, var. Minor., Ehrb., K. B., 13, f. 1-3, Rab. 8. D., 8, f. 12, 8. B. D., II, 98, 28, f. 236. 16, (20). CAPITATUM, Ehrb. Mik., 16, 3, f. 37 ; 17, 1, f.'51, Rab. 8. W. D., 8, f. 15, 8. B. D., PI. 28, f. 237, Sm. Sp. T., 177 and 665. 17, IS. AUGUR, Ehrb. Mik., 17, 1, f. 55; 9, 1, f. 40, K. B., 29, f. 74, Rab. 8. D., 8, f. 19, V. H., 23, f. 29, probably a var. of G. Acuminatum. Fig. 21. CAPITATUM, Ehrb., coinp. Fig. 16 and 20. Larger form. " 22. Aci'MiNATUM, var. latk-eps, Ehrb. " 23. " var. laticeps. " 24. var. trigonocephalum, Ehrb. " 25. var. turris. Ehrb. " 26. var. coronata, Ehrb. " 27. var. intermedia, Grun., Ehrb. Mik., 16, 3, f. 34; 17. ~2. i. 37; 16, 2, f. 43, Sill. .1.. var. July, ]S42, p. 323, 3, f. 6, K. B., 13, f. 3, S. B. D., 2S, f. 23,s; M. .!., 1S54, p. 99, 4, f. 13, Prit., S87, 13, f. 23; 8m. Sp. T., No. 175. Pluto XXVIII. PLATE XXIX. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Kii>-s. 1, 2. LiCRtorHORA FLABELLATA, W. S., S. B. I)., I, p. 86, Pis. 26 and 32, f. 234, J. R, M. S., 1879, p. 683. Marine. :•'., I. RHIPIDOPH OB A PARADOX A, fronds and single frustule. Kg., K. P>., p. 122, Id, 1'. 5, S. B. D., 25, f. 231, M. D., 13, f. lit. Sin. Sp. T.. No. ii09. Marine. " •'•>, li. CYMUOSIRA AuARnnn, K. !>., p. 77, 20, f. 3, Prit., p. 875, 14, f. 14, M. IX, p. 14, f. is. Marine. " 7, s. CLIMACOSPHAENIA MONILIGERA, Ehrb., E. Amer.. 2-6, f. 1, K. B., p. 123, 29, f. SO; Prit., 772, 11, f. 45, 46, M. D., li), f. it. Kii;. it. ACHNANTHES ARENICOL.A, Bail., M. O., p. 38, 2, f. 19. Fresh- w*ater. Kiccs. 10, 11. MINUTISSIM A, Ehrl.., K. I',., 21, f. 2, Rab., S. D., p. 25, 8, f. 2, V. H., 27, f, 35-38, and 41-44. Fresh-water. Kisj;. 12. LICMOPHORA JUUUENSII. A.L;., Cleve., isso, p. 110. 7, f. 125, V. H., tii, f. 10. 11. Marine. Figs. 13-15. HOMCEOCLADIA FiLiFORMis, AA". S., S. B. D., p. 80, 55, f. 348, Prit., p. 785, 4, i. 25, Sin. Sp. T., No. 197. Fig. 13, frond, under low power, 14, 15, frustules T'. Brackish water. Hi- is. I.'APITATA, H. L. S., A. (i. J. M., 1878, p. 12, 3, f. 1, Sm. Sp. T., No. 674. Fig. 16, frond, natu- ral size; 17, frustules; 18, section of frond magnified. Fig. 19. OOMPHONEMA OLOR, Ehrb. Abh., 1870, p. 56, 3, 2, f. 2. 1'UtoXXIX. 16 17 PLATE XXX. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. PLEUROSIGMA OBSCURTJM, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 65, 20, f. 206, Sin. Sp. T., No. 407, Cleve., 1880, p. 49. " Probably the same as P. peisonis, Gran., 1860, p. 562, 4, f. 8," H. L. S. " 2. " ATTENUATUM, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 68, 22, f. 216, Sm. Sp. T., No. 395, V. H., 21, f. 11. « 3. RIGIDUM, S. B. D., I, p. 64, 20, f. 198, Sm. Sp. T., No. 410, V. H., 19, f. 3. 4. NUBECULA, S. B. D., p. 64, 21, f. 201, Grun., 1860, p. 557. Fi-s. 5. (9). ANGULATUM, S. B. D., I, p. 65, 21, f. 205, A. M. H., 1852, p. 7, 1, f. 8, Sin. Sp. T., Nos. 389, 390. Figs. 6-8. " SPENCERII, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 63, 22, f. 218. Figs. 10, 11. QUADRATUM, S. B. D., I. p. 65, 20, f. 204, Srn. Sp. T., No. 391. Only a var. of P. angulatuin. Fig. 11, found in North America? H. L. S. Fig. 12. SCIOTENSE, Sullivant, Sill. J., 1859, (March), Prit., p. 917. Probably a var. of P. Spencerii or attenuatum. " 13. Probably same as Collectonema eximium, Breb. " 14. " OBTUSATUM, Snllivarit, Sill. J., 1859, Prit., 919. Figs. 15, 16. MASTOGLOIA EXIGUA, Lewis, N. R. Sp., p. 7, 2, f. 5, V. H., 4, f. 25, 26, Sm. Sp. T., No. 676. Lewis, letters and also annotated copy of his paper describe this diatom as only a variety (immature) of Mast, lanceolata, H. L. S. " 17, is. GREVILLEI, W. S., S. B. D., II, 65, 62, f. 389, M. J., 1856, 1, f. 16, V. H., 4, f. 20. Fig. 19. LANCEOLATA, S. B. D., II, p. 64, 54, f. 340, Sm. Sp. T., No. 214, V. H., 4, f. 15 and 17. 20-23. SMITHII, Thw., S. B. D., II, 65, 54, f. 341, Grun., 1860, p. 57, 5, 5, f. 11, V. H., 4, f. 13. 24, 25. CERATONEIS ARCUS, Kg., K. B., f. 104, 6, f. 10, Rab., S. D., p. 37, 7, f. 3, Sm. Sp. T., 9, No. 66, V. H,, 37, f. 7. Plato XXX. PLATE XXXI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. AMPHIPLEURA, OREOJONIOA, Grun., M. M. J., 1877, p. 179. " 2. LINDHEIMEKII, Grun., 1862, p. 409, 11, f. 11, Sm. Sp. T., No. 17. Figs. 3-5. PELLUCIDA, Kg., K. B., p. 103, 3, f. 52; 30, f. 84, Rab. S. D., 5, f. 5; S. B. D., 15, f. 127; Prit., p. 783, 4, f. 30, Sm. Sp. T., No. 18, 2, front and 2 side views. Fig. 6. WEISSFLOWII, Janisch, M. M. J., 1877, 195, f. 14. " 7. PLEUROSIUMA VIRGINIACUM, A. J. M.. Feb., 1877, p. 18; Sni. Sp. T., No. 416. " 8. SCOLIOP^EURA LATESTRIATA, Grun., 187s, p. 17, V. H., 17, f. 12; (Navicnla convexa, W. S.) Figs. 9, 10. TUMIDA, Breb., (Navicula Jennerii, W. S.), = Nav. Anglica, Ralfs., V. H., 17, f. 11, 13. Fig. 11. AMPHORA LANCEOLATA, Cleve., 1867, p. 667, 23, f. 2, M. J., 1874, p. 25, 6, 8, f. 3, Schm. At., 25, f. 6, H. L. S., Lens, PI. 3, f. 34. " 12. SCOLIOPLEURA ANTiLLARUM, Pel., (allowneis antillarum), Cleve. and Grun. Probably only a coarser grained var. of Scol. tumida, Figs. 9, 10. " 13, (17). JENNERII, Grun., 1860, p. 554. Navicula, Jen- nerii, S. B. D., 16, f. 134. Side and front views. 14. AMPHORA, MUCRONATA, H. L. S., A. (J. J. M., p. 17, 3, f. 10, J. M., 1879, p. 134, 6, f. 9, Sm. Sp. T., No. 38. 15. BERKELEYA MICANS, Grun., Hedw. vol. 7, p. 5, V. H., 16, f. 11. 16. ASTERIONELLA FORMOSA, var. S. B. D., p. 81, T. M. S., 1860, p. 149, 7. f. 8, Prit., p. 779, 4, f. 17, M. Die., 43, f. 14, Sm. Sp. T., No. 46, V. H., 51, f. 19, 20. Plate XXXI. PLATE XXXII. Figures magnified 5(K) diameters. Fig. 1. PLEUROSIGMA, MACRUM, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 67, 31, f. 276, (N. Amer. ? II. L. S., possibly a local var. of P. Fascicola.) ET,ONGATUM. W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 64, 20, f. 1. 4. DECORUM, W. S., S. B. D., I, p. 63, 21, f. 196, V. H., 1<>, f. 1, Sm. Sp. T., No. 694. Striation scarcely coarse enough, compared "with other figures of plate. Figs. 5, 6. BALTICUM, S. B. D., 22, f. 207, Prit., 917, 8, f. 33; 9, t. 144, Grun., I860, p. 558; 1878, p. 18, 3, f. 9, Sm. Sp. T., No. 396. Fig. 7. HIPPOCAMPUS, W. S., S. B. D., 22, f. 215, Prit., 919, 9, f. 145, Sm. Sp. T., No. 404. Figs. 8, 9. FORMOSUM, W. S., S. B. D., 20, f. 195, Prit., 917, s, f. 32, M. J., 1856, p. 205, 13, f. 5, Sm. Sp. T., No. 402. Fig. 10. AESTUARII, W. S., S. B. D., 31, f. 275, Sni. Sp. T., No. 394. "A pale, thin, small form of P. angulatum." H. L. S. 11. FASCICOLA, W. S.. S. B. D., 21, f. 211, Prit,, 916, 12, f. 60, 61, Sm. Sp. T., No. 401. 12. OBSCURUM, S. B. D., 20, f. 206, Sm. Sp. T., No. 407. Very nearly allied to P. peisoni* of Grun. l.l. KUETZINGII, Grun., 1860, p. 561, 4, f. 3, V. H., 21, f. 14, = P. Speiicerii, var. 11. EXIMIUM, Breb., V. H., 21, f. 2, = Sullivauts obtusatuui; == foriiu-rly Oolleetoiicina rxi miuui. Plate XXXII. PLATE XXXIII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1,2. COCCONEIS, PSEUDO-MABGINATA Greg., Prit., 871, 7, f. 39; Jan. and Rab., p. 7, 4, f. 16; V. H., 29, f. 20, 21. Superior valve and inferior valve, Sm. Sp. T., No. 74. " 3, 4. THWAITESII, W-. S., S. B. D., 3. f. 33, = Achnan- tliidium, flexelhim, Breb. Fig. 3, inferior valve; Fig. 4, superior valve, V. H., 26, f. 29, 30. " 5, 11. INTERRUPTA, Grim., 1863, p. 144, 13, f. 14; V. H., 30, f. 3, 4. Fig. 5, inferior valve; Fig. 11, supe- rior valve. 6, 7. LINEATA, Ehrb., lower valves, Mik., 39, 3, f. 11; Abh., 1869, 1, A. f. 8; 1, B. f. 2, etc. Sill. J., 1851, p. 44; V. H., 30, f. 31, 32. Fig. 8. GREVILLEI? small form, S. B. D., 3, f. 35. Figs. 9, 10. COSTATA, Greg., M. J., 1855, p. 39, 4, f. 1(1; 1857, p. 68, 1, f. 27; V. H., 30, f. 11-17. Fig. 11. INTERRUPTA, superior valve ; vide Fig. 5. Figs. 12, 13, 14. SCUTELLTTM, Ehrb. Mik., 7, 3 A, f. 57 ; 15 A, f. 56, 19, f. 33; K. B., 5, f. 6; Rab. S. D., 3, f. 4; S, B. D., 3, f. 34; Sin. Sp. T., No. 78. Fig. 12, supe- rior valve; 13. inferior valve; 14, hoop. 15, 16. DIRUPTA, Greg., D. C., p. 19, 1, f. 25, Jan. Guan., II, B., f. 14; V. H., 29, f. 13-15, inferior valves. 17, 18. PLACENTULA, Ehrb., 17, superior valve; 18, in- ferior valve, Mik., 5, 1, f. 24; 7. 1, f. 46, K. B., 28, f. 13; Rab. S. I)., 27, 3, f. 3; S. B. D., I, p. 21, 3, f. 32; Sin. Sp. T., No. 77. 19, 20. CALIFORNIA, Grun., V. H., 30, f. 8, 10. " 21, 27. PEDICULUS, Ehrb. Mik., 34, 12 B, f. 1; K. B., 5, f. 9; S. B. D., 2, f. 31 ; Rab. S. D., 27, 3, f. 1 ; Sm. Sp. T., No. 76. Fig. 21, frustule 5f° ; 27, under lower power, hi -situ. " 22, 23. SCUTELLUM, Ehrb., same as Figs. 12-14 in dif- ferent stages. " 24, 25. CAMPYLONEIS ARUUS, Grun., 1862, p. 429, 10, f. 9; V. H., 28, f, 15, Hi. 24, superior valve; 25, inferior valves, varieties of Cor. Grevillei. Fig. 26. COCCONEIS STRIATA, Ehrb. Mik., 58, f . 4 ; 14, f. 41; 15 A, f. 55; 15 B, f. 16, etc.; Rab. S. D., 3, f. 12. " 27. PEDICULUS, vide Fig. 21. l-'i-s. 2,s, 2! i, :;<). CAMPYLONEI GREVILLEIS, Grun., R. M. S., 1878, p. 245, 14, f. 5; V. H., 28, f. 10-12. Fig. 28, a skeleton; 29, inferior valve ; 30, superior valve. Fig. 31. COCCONEIS DECUSSATA. Ehrb., E. Anier., 2, 6, f. 12; K. B., 2.x, f. 17; Rab. S. D., 8, f. 6. 32. AMERICANA,' Ehrb., p. 123; K. B., p. 73; Rab. S. D., p. 27 ; Prit., PL 12, f. 48, = C. Mexicana. " 33. PEDICULUS, Ehrb., same as Figs. 21, 27. Plato XXXIII. Fig. 34. CorroNKis OBLONGA, K. B., p. 72, 5, f. 7. s. small Ibrni »>t' ('. placentula? " 35. OCKANICA, Khrb., Abh., isjn, p. <;;,, I-;. AHMT., 1, 1, f. 14; 2-fi, f. 11, 12, K. I;., 72, 5, f. :> ; S, f. 4, Prit., SOS, 12, f. 42, Sin. Sp. T.. No. 7r, ( '. di- rupta VMi'. 31). FINNICA, Kin-)). Mik., 33. 3, f. 1U; 17,2, f. l!», 38 a, 20, f. 0, (>t(;., Abh., 1*7(1, 2, 1, f. 41, K. I!.. 2s, !'. 18, Pi-it., H38, 12, f. 41, - ('. Sinithii, var. NITIDULANS, KK., K. B., 4, f. 16, Frit., si 17. MARUINATA, Khrlj., K. B., ~>, f. I), Prit., p.' SliS. C. sun tell urn ? Fig.s. 3!>, 4(T. CAMPYLONEKS UKUALIS, = < '. ' ircvilloi, var., ciuiip. Ki^s. 28-30, Grev., M. J., 1859, p. 150, 7, 1'. 1, Prit., p. 870. Kiu. 11. COCCONEISPINNULABIA, Bail., Sill. J., 1841, f. 2,34, K. B.,73, probably N. Sinithii, 5, f. 34, or Klliptira. is the IVessh-water form. PLATE XXXIV. Figures magnified 500 diameters. -s. 1, 2. NITZSCHIA SCALARIS, var. undulata, W. S., S. B. D., 39, 14, f. 115, Prit. 781, 4, f. 22, Sin. Sp. T., No. 365. 3, 5. nxvoNEis, NITIDA. Greg., I>. ('., \<. 20, 1, f. 26, Prit. p. S71. . 4. LINEATA, inferior valve ; Ehrb. Mik., 39. 3, f. 11. 1 Abb., 1869, 1, A, f. 8; 1, B, f. 2; 1, D, f. 7 : Sill. J., 1851, f. 44';. V. H., 30, f. 31, 32. Ki-s. ti. 7. KEGALIS, Grev., M. J-, 1859, p. 156; 7, f. 1, Prit., p. 870. s. 9, 10. GREVILLEI, W. S., S. B. D., 3, f. 35; Sin. Sp. T., No. 72; Gruii., 1862, 4, f. 32. Ki.n. 11. DISRUPTA, Greg., I). C., p. 19, 1, f. 24; V. H., 29, f. 13-15. 12. EPITHEMIA SUCCINCTA, Breb., J. Q. C., 1870, p. 42, 1, f. 7; Sm. Sp. T., No. 154; V. H., 32, f. 16-18. 13. SEREX, Kir., K. B., 5, f. 12; Rab., S. D., 1, f. 7; S. B. D., 1, f. it; Sin. Sp. T., No. 153; V. H., f. 10. " 14. COCCONEMA ASPERUM, var. of C. lanceolaturn, Ehrb. Mik., 16, 3, f. 39; 6, 1, f. 1 ; 5, 1, f. 1 ; Sill. J., 1838, 2, f. 2. Kins. 15, 16. (iKPiiyiUA JAPONICA. 17, is, i«i. (J..NIOTHEOIUM RoGERsii, Bail., Sill. J., March, 1844, p. 301; Mik., 18, f. 92, 93; M. J., 1856, 7, 43-46; M. D., 42, f. 30. Kiir. 20. RIIABDONEMA, side views of single frustules. " 21. SURIRELLA FASTUOSA, var. Ehrb., (S. recedeus, A. S., Schni. At., 19, t. 2-4), E. Amer., 2-4, f. 7; 2-6, f. 14; K. B., 28, f. 19; S. B. D., 9, f. 66; M. J., 1855, p. 40, 4, f. 12. Plate XXXIV. PLATE XXXV. Figures magnUicd .>()(! diameters. Ki-i-s. I-:!. EPITHEMIA GIF.BA, Kg-., K. B., 4, f. 22; Rab., S. D., 1, f. 3; S. B. D., 15, 1, f. 13; Prit. p. 759, 12, f. 27; Sm. Sp. T., No. 150. 1, 5. ,;i: VNULATA, Kg., K. B., 5, f. 20; S. B. D., 1, f. 3: Frit,, 7(U, 9, f. 105. (i, 7. HYNDMANII, W. S., S. B. D., 12, 1, f. 1 ; V. H., 31, f. 34. *, 9. UIBBA, var. ventricosum, Urnn. 10 13. TITRGIDA, vars., Kg., K. B., 8, f. 14 ; Rab. S. D., 1, f. 11 ; Prit., 7(31, 4, f. 1; 9, f. 15(5-1(51 and 11, 1. 1-8; Sin. Sp. T., No. 155. 14-17. ARUUS, Kg., K. B., 2!», f. 55, 5(5; Rab. S. D., 1, f. 33; S. B. P.. 12, f. 5; Prit., 759, 15, f. 11; Sm. Sp. T., No. 14!). is, lit. MUS. UNDULATA, Greg., 8. B. D., II, p. 97 ; V. H., 42, f. 2; Sm. Sp. T., 586. " 7. LONGUSSIMA, W. S., S. B. D., 72, 12, f. 95; Sm. Sp. T., Nos. 564, 565. " 8. ULNA, var. longissima, W. S., S. B. D. !>. FULGENS, W. S., (Ardissonia fulgens, Kg.), S. B. D., 74, 12, f. 103; Prit. ,789, 13, f. 20; M. D., 13, f. 24; V. H., 43, f. 42. Figs. 10, 11. " GALLIONII, Ehrb., K. B., 30, f. 42; 2,s, f. 36; S. B. D., 30, f. 265; Prit., 78*, 12, f. 34, 36. 12. ONYRRHYNCHUS, (vide small form), Kg.. K. B., 14, f. 82; Rab. S. D., 5, f. 23; S. B. D., 11, f. 91; Sm. Sp. T., No. 570. Figs. 13, 14. RUMPENS, Kg., K. B.. 16, f. 6; Rab. S. I)., 5, f. 8; V. H., 40, f. 14. Fig. 15. INVESTIANS, W. S., S. B. D., p. 98; Sm. Sp. T., No. 560; V. H.,40, f. 33. Ifi- " VAUCHERI^E, K. B., 14, f. 4, Rab. S. D , 5, f. 15; S. B. D., 11, f. 99; V. H., 40, f. 19. RADIANS, magnified only about one-half as much as the other figures, Kg., K. B., 14, f. 7 ; Rab. S. D., 4, f. 40; Sm. Sp. T., No. 574; V. H., 30, f. 11. Plate XXXDC. PLATE XL. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. NITZSCHIA SPECTABIL.IS, Halt's.. Prit,, p. 782. More properly JV. iniijiinii i/x : var. Nj~>i/ix, H. L. S. ; striae moniliform, V. H., 67, 1'. s. LONiiissiMA, Grun., 18(52, p. 5X1; M. I)., 13, f. 11: V. U., 7l». f. l-o = hirostrata, W. S. " 3. LONUISSIMA, forma parva : V. II., 70. f. 3. 4. SKJMA, S. B. D., 13, f. 10S; Prit,, 781, 4, f. 21 ; Sin. Sp. T., No. 367; V. H., 65, f. 7. s. 5. sm.MA, forinae elongatae; V. H., 66, f. 7. Figs- 6, 7. SIU.MA. vars. rigida. Grim., ami rigidula. Grim. ; V. H.. lifi, f. 5, 8. " S. !l. LANCKOI>ATA.'S. K. 1)., 14, f. US; T. M. S., 1S6(I, p. 48, 2, f. 20; M. I)., 13, f. 10 ; V. H., 68, f. 1-4 ; Sm. Sp. T., No. 352. 10-13. I-LOSTERHTM, S. R. D., 15. f. 120; V. H., 70, f. 5, 7,8. 14-17. FAsricui.ATA, Grim., 1878, p. 21; V. H., 66, f. 11-13, == Homoeoc-ladia sigmoidea; S. B. D., 55, t. 34!i; Sm. Sp. T., Nos. !!»!», 200. Fiir. 18. CLOSTKIUUM, small form, vide Fiu:s. 10, 13. Fi-s. Hi, 2(1. TENITIS, S. B. D., 13, f. Ill; V. H., 67, f. 16. Fig. 21. SYNKDKA LANCKOLATA, Kg., K. B., 30, f. 31 ; Rab., S. D., 4, f. 14, 18. Compare more elongated form, Plate 41, f. 9. Figs. 22, 23. NITZSCHIA FRUSTULUM, H. L. S., p. No. 342; V. H., 68, f. 28, 29. " 24,25. coMMUNis, Rab.,Alg.,Sachv.,949and843; (irun., 1862, p. 578, 12, f. 18; V. H., 69, f. 32. 26, 27. PALKA, N. S., S. B. D., p. 89, Grim., 1862, p. 579, 12, f. 3 ; V. H., 69, f. 22, b. c., Sm. Sp. T., No. 361. 28, 29, 30. SYNEDRA DANICA, K. B., 14, f. 13; Sm. Sp. T., 549; V. H., 38, f. 14. Fig. 31. LONGICEPS, Ehrb., Ber., 1845, Prit. ,788; Sm. Sp. T.-, No. 564= capitata, with stiliform produced apices. " 32. LONGISSIMA, S. B. D., 12, f. 95 ; Sin. Sp. T., No. 564. PLATE XLI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. SYNEDRA SPATHULIFERA, Grim ; /V. ulna, var. ; V. H., 38, f. 4. " 2-4. AC-US, Kg., K. B., 15. f. 7 ; Rab. S. D., 5, f. 42; V. H., 39, f. 4. Might all pass for S. ulna, var. Figs. 5, 6. DANK-A, (ulna, var.), K. B., 14, f. 13; Rah., S. D., p. 54; Sin. Sp. T., 549; V. H., 38, f. 14. Fig. 7. OBTI-SA, S. B. D., 11, f. 92; Sin. Sp. T., No. 5(59. VITREA, K. B., 14, f. 17 ; Rab. S. D., 5, f. 24. ,V. ulna, var., V. II., 88, f. 12. 9. LANCEOLATA, ,V. nl, in. var., V. H., 3s. 10. Compare Plate, 36, f. 21. 10—12. AFFINIS. K. B., 15, f. 6, 24, f. 1, 5; S. B. D.. 12, f. 97; V. H.,41, f. 13, 14. Fig. 10, genuina forma jm.rva: Fig. 11, var. aeuminata, Grun.; Fig. 12, var. r/nt- cilis, Grun. Figs. 13, 14. HICEPS, f. and s. views, K. B., 14, f. 18, 21; Rab. S. D., 5. f. 9; Sin. Sp. T., No. 545. Fig. 13 a, smaller form. Fig. 15. A.MPHIKRHYNCHUS, Elirb., K. B., 14, f. 15; Rab. S. D., 5. f. 57. V. H.,38, f. 5. 16. PULCHELLA, form a major, K. B., 29, 1. 87; Rab. S. D., 5, f. 17; S. B. D., 30, f. 84; Prit,, p. 786, 4, f. 28; Sm. Sp. T., No. 573. Figs. 17. 18. PULCHELLA, var., lunt, and more than ordinarily inflated. Plate XLI. PLATE XLII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. NITZSCHIA VALIDA, forma loiigissima, Cleve. and Grun., 1878, p. 12, 3, f. 19; J. M:, 1879, p. 33, 2, f. 19; V. H., 65, f. 4, 5. Figs. 2, 3. parts of same seen under high power, about 'T-0-. Fig. 4. MAJOR, Gruu., V. H., 65, f. 6, (N. Sigma var.). 5. parts of same under higher power. Figs. 6, 8. BREBISSONII, S. B. D., 31, f. 266; V. H., 64, f. 4, 5. Figs, should be beaded along the edge. Fig. 7. OBTTJSA, smaller form, compare Fig. 18. " 9. SIGMOIDEA, S. B. P., 13, f. 104; Prit., 781, 7, f. 148; V. H., 63, f. 5-7. Figs. 10, 11. SIGMA, S. B. D., 13, f. 108; Prit., 781, 4, f. 21 ; V. H., 65, f. 7, 8; Sm. Sp. T., No. 367. 12-15. VERMiouLARis, Hantz., Prit., 781 ; V. H., 64, f. 1, 2. All are small forms of sigmoidea. 16, (21). VITREA, Norm., T. M. S., 1861, p. 7, 2, f. 4 ; V. H.r 67, f. 10; Sm. Sp. T., No. 376. Fig. 17. LINEARIS, S. B. D., 13, f. 110 and 31, f. 110; V. H.,(>7, f. 13-15 ; Sm. Sp. T., Nos. 353, 354. Striae fine and light. Fig. too heavy. 18. OBTUSA, S. B. D., 13, f. 109; V. H., 67, f. 1 ; Sm. Sp. T., No. 358. Vide Fig. 7. Figs. 19, 20. DISSIPATA, Rab. Alg. Sachv., No. 948; V. H., 63, f. 1-3. Fig. 21. VITREA, Norm., forma major. Vide Fig. 16. " 22. LINEARIS, Vide Fig. 17. " 23. VITREA, Normal form. Vide Figs. 16, 21. Plate XL II. PLATE XLIII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. NITZSCHIA FEBIGERII, Grim., J. R. M. S., ISso, p. :;96, 13, f. 15. " 2,3. " CAMPEACHEANA, Grim.; J. R. M. S., 1880, p. 395, 13, f. 16. " 4. " SCALIGERA, Grim.; J. R. M. S., 1880, p. 395, 12, 1. 3. Allied to N. Grnn. SCALARIS, W. S.; S. B. D., 14, f. lift; Prit., 781, 4, f. 22; V. H., 60, f. 14, 15; Sm. Sp. T., No. 365. 10. LIMNICOLA, Grim. ; M. M. J., 1880, p. 395, 13, f. 10; = TryblioneJliJi.pnncbitti., S. B. D., 10, f. 76 a. 11. GRANULATA, Grim., M. M. J., 1880, p. 395, 12, f. 7. NotNitzschid; Bailey's PYXIDICULA COMPRESS \, Mic. Obs., p. 40, 2, f. 13, 14 ; Sm. Sp. T., Nos. 430, 431. (Savannah). 12-14. EPITHEMOIDES, Grim.; Cleve., 1880, p. 82; V. H., 60, f. 6-8. " 15. BILOBATA, small 1'orm, vide Figs. 5, 6. Figs. 16, 17. LITTOREA, Grim. ; V. H., 59, f. 24; == JV. Thcn>i. Compare Figs. 3, 4. 10. OOAROTATA, Grim., V. H., 59, f. 4. Punctse should be coarser, == Tryblionella, var. coarctata. 11. DUBIA, Compare Figs. 5, 6. Figs. 12, 13. HUNGARICA, Grun., 1862, p. 568, 12, f. 31; V. H., 58, f. 19-22; Sm. Sp. T., No. 347. 14, 15. VIVAX, S. B. D., 31, f. 267; V. H., 62, f. 1, 2; = Nit. amphionys, var. 16, 17. MARINA, Grun., V. H., 57, f. 26, 27. is, 19. ANGUSTATA, Greg., Cleve., 1880, p. 70; V. H., 57, t. 22, 24; == Tryblionella angustata; S. B. D., 30, f. 262. " 20, 21, 22. PUNCTATA. S. B. D., 10, f. 76; 30, f. 261; B. J. N. H., p. 344, 2, f. 76 = Tryblionella punctata. Fiii'. •_':;. TRYBLIONELLA, Hantz, V. H., 57, f. 9, 10; prob- ably the same as Tryblionella gracilis ; W. S. " 24. SCUTELLUM, S. B. D., 10, f. 74; M. D., 13, f. 30; (markings rather too distinct) = Tryblionella. scutellmn ; W. S., the same as T. circumsuta; V. H., and called by Bailey Surirella circum- suta. Plate XIiIV. PLATE XLV. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1, 2. PLAGIOGRAMMA PULCHELLITM, Grev.; M. .T., 1S50, p. 20!>, 10, t. -1-6; Pi-it., 774, 4, f. 32. Costae are beaded. Cal. Guano. Fig. 3. PULCHELLUM, a very large specimen. Figs. 4, 5. DIMMEREGRAMMA MARiNTiM, Ralfs.; Prit.,p. 790; V. H.,36, f.9. " 6,7. PLAGIOGRAMMA PYOMAEUM, Grev.; M. J., 1859, p. 210, 10, f. 11. Camp. Bay. 8, 9. VALIDUM, Grev.; M. J., 1859, p. 209, 10, f. 8, Cal. and Camp. Bay. 10, 11. GREGORIANUM, Grev.; M. J., 1859, p. 208, 10, f. 1,2; Jan. and Rab., p. 10, 2, f. 8. Costae are beaded. Mobile. 12 14. OBKSUM, Grev. ; M. J., 1859, p. 211, 10, f. 12, 13. Charleston. 15. SPINOSTJM, Cleve. ; N. L. K. D., p. 18, 4, f. 55. Camp. Bay. Kigs. Hi, 17. <'AI,IFORNKTM, (irev.; M. J., 1S59, p. 211. 1 D, f. 15-17. (Striae monililorm.) is, 19. TKSSELLATUM, Grev. ; M. J., 1859, p. 208, 10, 1'. 7. Fig. 20. ORNATUM, Grev. ; M. J., 1859, p. 209, 10, f. 9; Y. H., 36, f. 3. Costae moniliform as in all of this genus, H. L. S. Figs. 21, 22. GLYPIIOPKSMIS DISTANS, V. H.; 36, f. 15, 16; Dimeregramma, Greg. 2:'.. 2k \VII,].IAMSONII, W. S.; V. II., :',6, f. 14. XLV. sis?? PLATE XLVI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. ASTERIONELLA FORMOSA, vtvr. subtilissma, N. America? " 2. var. subtilis, Grun. Lake Erie. " ::. NOTATA, (var. of Bleakleyi) Grun.; V. IT., 52, f. 3. •' 4. FORMOSA, var. gracillirna, Hantz; V. H., 51, f. 22. Figs. 5, 6. FORMOSA, var. Ralfsii ; W. S., a large and a miniature form; S. B. D., p. 81 ; T. M. S., 1860, p. 150, 7, f. 9. Fig. 7. BLEAKELEYI, W. S.,a var. of A.formosa; S. B. D., p, 82 ; T. M. S., 1860, p. 150, 7, f. 10; Lewis, N. and R. Sp., p. 10, 2, f. 9. " s. " FORMOSA, var. graeillirna; V. H., 51, f. 22; S. B. D., II, p. 81 ; T. M. S., 1860, p. 149, 7, f. 8; Prit., 779, 4, f. 17; M. D., 43, f. 14; Sin. Sp. T., No. 46. " 9. DKXTICULA THERMALIS, K. B., p. 43, 17, f. 6; Rab. S. D., 1, f. 3; V. H., 49, f. 17, 18; Sm. Sp. T., No. 128. " 10. LAUTA, Bail, N. Sp., 9, f. 1, 2; V. H., 49, f. 1, 2. ." 11. DIATOM ANOEPS, front view ; Figs. 17, 18, end view; Ehrb. V. H., 51, f. 5-8. Figs. 12-14. VULGAREE, front view; Bory.; K. B., 17, f. 15; Rab. S. D., 2, f. 6; S. B. D., 39 and 40, f. 309; Sm. Sp. T., No. 127. Fig. 15. " ELONGATUM, end view; Ag., K. B., 17, f. 18; Rab. S. IX, 35, 2, f. 1; S. B. D., 40 and 41, f. 311. Figs 16,(21,22). " EHRENBERGII, end view; K. B., 17, f. 17; Sm. Sp. T., No. 133. " 17,18. " ANCEPS, end view; V. H., 51, f. 5-8. " 19, 20. PECTINALE, end and front views; K. B., 17, f. 11; Rab. S. D., 2, f. 2; V. H., 50, f. 23-26. " 21, 22. EHRENBERGII, front view, compare Fig. 16. " 23-25. TENUE, front view; Ag. Syst.; K. B., 17, f. 9, 10; Sill. J., 1836, 2, f. 1± •' 26, 27. " ELONGATUM, front view, compare Fig. 15. PI ate XL VI. PLATE XLVII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1-3. FRAGILARIA CAPUCINA, Desmaz. ; K. B., 16, f. 3 ; Rab., S. D., 1, f. 2; S. B. D., 34, f. 296; Prit,, 776, 9, f. 173; Sm. Sp. T., No. 165. 4-7. VIRESCENS, Ralfs. ; A. M. D., 1843, p. 110, 2, f. 6; . K. B., 16, f. 4; Rab., S. D., 1, f. 1 ; S. B. D., 35, f. 297. " 8. BINOIDES, Ehrb. ; Abh., 1841, p. 415; Mik., 16, 2, f. 36; Mik., 6, 1, f. 4 ; this and Figs. 9, 10, rather doubtful species. " 9. nicEi's, Ehrb. Mik., 7, 2, f. 9, 10; 7, 3, f. 23, 24; 14, f. 49-51; K. B., p. 46. " 10. PARISITICA, Grim.; V. H., 45, f. 30; var. 45, f. 29; 46, f. 14. 11. TURGENS, Ehrb. Mik., 7, 1, f. S; 1, 3, f. 8; Abh., 1869, la, f. 4. 12. HARRISONII, Gran. ; y. H., 45, f. 2s. Figs. 13, 14. •' CONSTRTJENS, Gran.; V. H., 45, f. 27. Fig. 15. BREVISTRTATA, Gran. ; var. Mormonorum ; V. H., 45, f. 31-34. Figs. 16, 17. PARADOXA, Ehrb. Mik., 33, 15, f. 13; 33, 14, f. 10. Somewhat doubtful species. " 18, 19. MUTABILIS, Grim.; V. H., 45. f. 12; Bran. Alp., p. 119, 4, f. 8. Frustules cohere strongly and form bands. Fig. 20. CONSTRUENS, Grim. Same as Figs. 13, 14. " 21. AMPHICEPHALA, Ehrb. Mik.,35a, 14, f. 1-3; Mik., 37, 2, f. 5, 6. " 22. " CALIFORNICA, Gruu. ; V. H., 44, f. 13; a var. or striatula. Mai me. Figs. 23-25. PACIFICA, Grim. ; 1862, p. 373, 8, f.. 19; V. H.. 33, f. 20-23. N. Amer. ? No Fragilaria, cuneate and allied to Trachysphaenia, H. L. S. Fig. 26. ENTOMEN, Ehrb. Mik., 5, 3, f. 50; K. B., p. 16. Figs. 27-29. LICMOPHORA FLABELT.ATA, S. B. D., 26 and 32, f. 234; J. R. M. S., 1S79, p. "is:;. " 30, 31. GRACILIS, Grim. ; Hedw., VI, p. 34; V. H., 46, f. 13. " 32, 32a. CALIFORNICA, Grim.; V. H.. 47, f. 14. Striae oblique. " 33, 34. JURGENSII, Ag. ; Cleve., 1880, p. 110, 7, f. 125; V. H., 46, f. 10, 11. Frustules not bent. Kig. 35-37. TINCTA, Grim.; Hedw., VI, p. 35; V. H., 48, f. 13-15. Very hyaline. Plate XLMI. PLATE XLVIII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1-4. ODONTIDIUM MESODON, K. B., 17, f. 1; S. B. D., 34, f. 2SS, Sm. Sp. T., Xo. 3S2. " 5,1). IIYEMALE, K. B., 17, (. 4; 8. B. D., 34, f. 2«»; Sm. Sp. T., No. 381. " 7-12. MUTABILE. S. B. D., 34. f. 2!io: Sin. Sp. T., Nos. 383, iil'2. " 13, 14. TESSEI.A (Mrititcria) INTERRUPTA, Ehrb.; K. B., 18, f. 4. M. D,. 14, f. 35- Sm. Sp. T., No. r>m. " 15-2U. ODONTIDIUM TABELLARIA, S. B. D., :',4, f. 201 ; Lewis, W., M. D., p. 13, 2, f. 1, 2. These figures repre- sent abnormal or sporangial forms collected by Dr. Lewis in White Mountain pools. Fig. 21. AMPHIPRORA ORNATA, Bail. M. O., p. 38, 2, f. 15, 23; V. H., 22 bis f. 5. Compare plate, Figs. Bail.'s figure, but too small. " 22-24. CAI/UMETICA, List of diatoms of Lake Michi- gan, B. W. Thomas, Chicago. " 25-2s. DICTYOCHYA forms frequently found in diatomaceous ma- terial ; no longer accepted as diatoms. " 29-31. AMPHICAMPA many similar siliceous forms found, but can- not be classed with diatoms. Figs. 32, 33. CLIMACOSPHAENIA ELONUATA Bail. N. Sp., p. S, f. 10, 11 ; Prit., p. 772. Plato XIA'III. o oan T7 9 smnmrnm PLATE XLIX. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. GRAMMATOPHORA SERPENTINA, Ehrb. Mik., 35 A, 22, f. 14, K. B., 29, f. 82; S. B. D., 42, f. 315 ; V. H., 53, f. 1-3. Figs. 3-5. UNDULATA, Ehrb. Mik., 18, f. 87 ; 19, f. 37 ; K. B., 29, f. 68. 6-7. GIBBA, Ehrb., Amer., 2, 6, f. 8; K. B., 29, f. 77: Prit., p. 808, 11, f. 48. Fig. 6 rather too much inflated at center. Fig. 7 may be a var. of marina. " 8-1(1. MARINA, K. B., 17, f. 24; S. B. D., 42, f. 314: Prit., SON, 4, f. 47 ; Sin. Sp. T., No. 188. 11 13. ANGULOSA, Ehrb. Amer., 1, 3, f. 12; Mik., 21, f. 18; 18, f. 88; K. B., 29, f. 79; 30, f. 79; ==• hamilifera, Kg. " 14 16. MARINA, M. D., 12, f. 35; compare Figs. 8-10. " 17, 18. STRICTA, Ehrb.; Amer., 1, 1, f. 22; 3, 7, f. 31; K. B., 29, f. 76. Fig. 19. CARIB^EA, Cleve., 1878, p. 14, 4, f. 27 ; V. H., 532, f. 19. Figs. 20-23. SERPENTINA, same as Fig. 1. Smaller form ; dots on this species more regularly quin- cuna than illustrated. MEXICANA, Ehrb. ; K. B., 18, f. 1 ; 29, f. 67, 68; V. H., 532, f. 11, = marina, vide Figs. 14-16. Fig. 26. MAXIMA, Grim., 1862, 416, 8, f. 5 ; V. H., 53*: f. 12. Plate XL DC. PLATE L. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1-3. TABELLARIA FENESTRATA, K. B., 17, f. 22; 18, f. 2; 30, f. 73; S. B. D., 43, f. 317; Frit., 807, 13, f. 29; Sm. Sp. T., No. 588. «< 4_(5. FENESTBATA, Kg. ; front views. K 7_H. FLOCULOSA, K. B., 17, f. 21; front and side views ; Rab., S. D., 10, f. 2 ; S. B. D., 43, f. 316; Prit., p. 807, 13, f. 2!»; Sm. Sp. T., No. :>s!>. " 12, 15, 16. TETRACYCLUS EMARGINATUS, W. S. ; 8. B. D., II, p. 38; Prit., 806. " 13 14 17 18. " LACUSTRIS, Ralfs; A. N. H., 1843, p. 105, 2, f. 2; K. B., 29, f. 70; S. B. D., 39, f. 308; Prit., p. 806, 11, f. 24, 25. All side views. 19 20. " LACUSTBIS, another form; three front views and one side view. Plate L. PLATE LI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1, 12. 13. STRIATELLA UNIPUNCTATA, Ag.; K. B., 18, f. 5; S. B. I)., 39, f. 307; Prit., 4, f. 40; Sm. Sp. T., No. 510. 2, 3, 4. RHABDONEMA ADRIATICUM, K. B., 18, f. 7 ; Prit., 805, 13, f. 27 ; S. B. D., 38, f. 305, Sm. Sp. T., No. 432. • " 5. 6, 7. ARf.TATrM, K. B., 18, f. 6; S. B. D., 38, f. 305; Prit,, 804, 10. f. 203. 204; V. H., 54, f. 14-16. Fig. 7 dotted all over; Fig. 6 perfectly smooth. " 8-11. MINUTUM, K. B., 21, f. 2; S. B. D., 38, f. 306; Prit., 4, f. 41 ; Sm. Sp. T., No. 435. Figs. 12, 13. STRTATEL.LA, end views of Fig. 1, margins quite smooth. Fig. 14. PODOCYSTIS AMERICANA, Bail.; N. Sp., p. 11, f. 38; M. D., 42, f. 21 ; S. B. D., II, p. 101. Fig*. 15-17. HANTZSCHIA AMPHIONYS, = Xitzschia amphionys : hardly a need for the newer genius Hantzschia: V. H., 56, f. 1, 2. Compare Fig. 20. is. PODOCYSTIS AMERICANA, Bail., same as Fig. 14. 10. ADRIATICA, K. B., p. 62; Prit., 772, 4, f. 10; Sm. Sp. T., No. 418; V. H., 55, f. 8. 20. NITZSCHIA AMPHIONYS, S. B. D., 13. f. 105; Sm. Sp. T., No. 334; Prit., p. 780. Same as Figs. 15-17. Plate LI. A PLATE LI I. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1. '2. SITRIRELLA BisERiATA, W. S. ; 8. B. D., 8, f. 57. Breb. has a #. biseriata which is rtur. linearis, W. S. Fig. 3. REOEPENS, A. S.; Schm. At., 10, f, 2-4; 24, f. 28. Yar. of .V. f<.ixti(oxa. Figs. 4, 5. XORWEGICA, Eulenst. ; Schm. At., 21, f. 17. Only a tiur. elegants, Ehrli. " <>, 7. CRUCIATA, A. S. ; Sclllll. At., 56, f. 15, It). Fig. 8. RECEDENS, A. S. Probably a variety of fastuosa. Compare Fig. 3. " 9. FLUMINENSIS, Gran., 1862, p. 463; Schm. At., 5, f. ti; 4, f. 9. Probably a variety of $.faxti«>sa. 10. FAsrrosA, FJirb.; K. B., 28, f. 19; S. B. D., 9, f. (ili; M. J., 1855, p. 40, 4, f. 12; Schm. At., 5, f. 7, 8, 11. This figure is one of A. S. not W. S. A variable form differing greatly in size. Marine. Com- pare Plate 53, figures 1-4. 11. GEMMA, Ehrb. Abh., 1840, p. 76, 14, f. 5; S. B. D., 9, f. (55; Prit,, 795, 12, f. 2-4; Schm. At., 24, f. 26, 27, etc. Figs. 12, i:;. OBLONGA, Ehrb. Mik., 17, 2, f. 1; 2, 3. f. 15, etc.; K. B., 29, f. 38; Schm. At., 22, f. 6-8; near Kg.'s spin, ,li!<->nli2. " 22-24. STEPHANODISCUS MINUTUS, Grim.; Sm. Sp. T., No. 5, =Cyclo- tella Oregonica, Ehrb. Mik., 37, 2, f. 3. Fig. 25. RHAPHONEIS AFFINIS, Grun.; Rappahannoc Cliff. Ungarns., PI. 27, f. 2( if,. " 26. PETROPOT.ITANA, Grun. ; Petersburg, Va. Un- -arns.,27, f. 268. " '11. DIMEREGRAMMA FOSSILE, Grun. ; Ungarns., 27, f. 265. Mtl. " 28. RHAPHONEIS LINEARIS, Grun.; Ungarns., 27, f. 262. Notting- ham, Md. " 29. ARCHERI, ri00 diuinrt<>rs. Fig. 1. BiDDtTLPHiA (Zygoceros) CIRCINTJS, Bail. ; X. Sp., p. 11, f. 19, •20: V. II., 10'., f. ]:!. " 2. DiCLADiACtATHRATA, Ehrb. Mik.,18, f. 100; M. D., 43, f. <>:>. Figs. 3. 4. MITRA. Bailey, Sill. J., 1851!, p.*4, 1, f. 6 ; V. H., 106, f. 12, 13. Size somewhat exaggerated. " 5-7. CAPREOLUS, Elirh. Mik., 35 A ; 18, f. 8, 5; IS, f. 101, 102; M. J., 1856, 7, f. 53-60. " 8, 9. BIDDULPHIA (Zygoceros) QUADRIOORNTS, Grnn.; V. H., 105, f. 5 ."7. Fig. 10, TRICERATIUM SHADBOLTII, L. W. Bailey, B. J. N. H., p. 342, 1, f. 60, 61. II. BIDDULPHIA (Zygoceros) <>< VIDKXTALIS, L. W. Bailey, B. J. X. H.. p. 343, 2. f. 6(5-68. Probably a small va- riety of Z. Mobilensis. Fitrs. 12-14. ANArr.rs (Biddulphiai RIROSTRATUS, V. H.,22li, f. 15; 103, f. 1-3. Cal. " 15, Hi. HEMTAULUS AFFTNIS, Grim.; V. H., 10(5, f. 10, 11. " 17, 18. GoMioTHEcirM oDoNTKLLA, Ehrb. Mik., 33, 15, f. 16; 18, f. 94; M. J., 1S56, PI. 7, f. 47, 48; Prit., p. 864, 6, f. 29; V. II., 105. f. 11, 12. 19, 20. HEMIAULUS POLVCVSTINORTM, Ehrb. Abb., 1875, 1, f. 12-15. Fig. 21. RHIZOSOLIMA (?) PILEOLUS, Ehrb. Mik., 18, f. 103; Prit,, p. 866. Fins. 22, 23. HERCOTHECA MAMMILARIS, Ehrb. Mik., 33, 18, f. 7; Bot., 867, 7, f. 35; M. D.. 43, f. 31. " 24, 25, 27. HEMIAULUS POLYCISTINORTJM, Ehrb. Mik., 36, 1. 43; Abh., 1875, 1, f. 12-15. " 26,28,29. liiFHoxs, (Ehrb.) Grnn.; V. H.. 103, f. (5-9. Fig. 30. GONIOTHECIUM MONODOX, Elirl). Mik., 18, f. 97; 33,13, f. 12: M. D., 42, f. 37. " 31. DIDYMITM, Ehrb. Mik., 18, f. 104; M. D., 42, f. 30. " 32. ROGERSII, Bail., Sill. J., March, 1844, p. 301: Mik., 18, f. 92, 93; M. J., 1856, PI. 7, 1. 43-46. " 33. 'OBTUSUM, Mik., 18, f. 95; Prit., p. 864. Vir- ginia. " 34. HEMIAULUS CALIFORNICUS, Ehrb., 33, 13, f. 15; Prit., p. S51. " 35. AMPHITETRAS ELEGANS, Grev., T. M. S., ls66, p. 9, 2, f. 24. Monterey. " 36. PERIPTERA CAPRA, Ehrb. Mik., 1«, f. 99; M. I)., 43, f. 67; = l>ic-lacliacapra. Ehrb. Ber., 1814, p. 79. " 37. SYRIXGIDIUM SIMPLEX, L. W. Bailey, B. J. N. H., p. 343, 2, f. 65. AMERICANA, L. W. Bailey, B. J. N. H., p. 342, 2, f. 62-64; Prit., 866,. 7, f. 34; V. H., 106, f. 2. " 39. AMPHITETRAS ANTEDILUVIANA, Ehrb. Mik., 21, f. 25; 19, f. 19 ; K. B., 19, f. 3 ; 29, f. 36 ; S. B. D., 44, f. 318. Figures only half the usual diameter. Vir- ginia. 40. MIXUTA, Grev., T. M. S.. 1861, p. 77, 9, f. 11. Maryland. LX IV. 9.0000000* 40 PLATE LXV. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. RHIZOSOLENIA GRACILIS, H. L. S., Proc. A. S. M., 1882, p. 177, 4, f. 166. " 2. ERIENSIS, H. L. S., Lens, 1, p. 44; A. Q,. J. M., 1878, p. 15, 3, f. 7; Sm. Sp.T., No. 447; V. H., 79, f. 9. Figs. 3-5. AMERICANA, (Ehrb.); Brightwell, M. J., 1858, PL 5, f. 3. Fig. 6. CALYPTRA, Ehrb. ; M. J., PI. 5, f. 2, 1858, Copied by Brightwell. " 7. ORNITHOGLOSSA, (Ehrb.); Brightwell, M. J., 1858, 5, f. 1. A var. c'alyptra, Fig. 6. Figs. 8, (17, 18). PYXILLA AMERICANA, Gran ; V. H., S3-', f. 1-3. " 9, 10. CHAETOCEROS INCURVUM, Bail. N. Sp., 9, f. 30; M. J., 1856, p. 107, 7, f. 9-11. Fig. 11. BOREALE, Bail. N. Sp., 8, f. 22, 23 ; M. J., 1856, 7, f. 12-15; T. M. S., 1860, 48, 2, f. 18; 152, 7, f. 13. " 12. DIDYMUS, Ehrb. Mik., 35A, 17, f. 5; 18, f. 4; M. J., 1856, PL 7, f. 3-7. 13. CALIPORNICUM, Grun.; V. H., 82, bis f. 8. Figs. 14-16. DIDYMUS, Ehrb. Same as Fig. 12. " 17, 18. PYXILLA AMERICANA, vide Fig. 8. Fig. 19. SUBULATA, Grun.; V. H., 832, f. 6. Figs. 20, 23. BORE ALE, Bail. Same as Fig. 11. Fig. 21. KITTONIANA, Grun.; V. H., 83, f. 10, 11; 83, bis f. 9-1 h " 22. CHAETOCEROS MONICA, Grun.; V. H., 82, bis f. 4. " 24. PYXILLA DUBIA, Grun.; V. H., 83, f. 7, 8; 83 bis f. 12. A variety from Monterey, Cal. Plato LXV. PLATE LXVI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Pigs. 1, 2. STEPHANOPYXIS (Creswellia, Grev.) TURGIDA, Ralfs. Prit., p. 826; M. J., 1859, 8, f. 14. " 3, 4. (Creswellia, Grev.) TURRIS, Ralfs, Prit., 826. 5, f. 74; Sm. Sp. T., No. 507; V. H., 83, tris f. 12. " 5, fi, 7. (Creswellia, Grev.) FEROX, Ralfs. Prit., 826, 5, f. 75 ; M. J., 1859, 8, f. 15, 16. " 8, '.». CYCLOTELLA KUETZINGIANA, Thw.; S. B. D., 5, f. 47 ; B. J. N. H., p. 331, 1, f. 45; Sm. Sp. T., No. 103; V. H.. 94, f. 1, 4-6. " 10-12. ROTULA, K. B., 2, f. 4; S. B. D., 5, f. 50; Sm. Sp. T., No. 111. " 13-15. MENEOHINIANA, Kg. K. B., 30, f. 68; Sm. Sp. T., No. 104; V. H., 94, f. 11-13, = C. Astraea, Kg., = C. Oregonica, Ralfs. 16, 17. " STRIATA, Gmn.; V. H., 92, f. 6-8. is, in. ANTIQUA, S. B. D., 5, f. 49; V. H., 92, f. 1; Sm. Sp. T., No. 639. " 20, 21. COMPTA, Kg. V. H., 92, f. 16-22. " 22-24. OPERCITLATA, Kg. K. B., 1, f. 1; Rab.,S. D., 2, f. 1 ; S. B. P., 5, f. 48; M. D., 12, f. 21 ; V. H., 93, f. 22-24. Fig. 25. PORPEIA QUADRICEPS, Bail. Prit., 850, 6, f. 6; T. M. S., 1865, p. 52, H, f. 18, 19; V. H., 95 bis f. 14. Camp. Bay. Figs. 2(i, 27. STEPHANODISCUS CARCONENSIS, Grim., V. H., 95, f. 1, 2. N. Amer. ? " 2!S, 2. li. Florida, etc. Cells usually of more or less stellate appearance. Fig. 3. ROGERSII. Ehrb. Ber., 1844; Schm. At., 92. f. ft. Nottingham, Md. Cells are somewhat stellate as E. argus. '" f> OCULATUS, Grey., T. M. S., 180 '2, p. 94, PI. 9, f. 3. Monterey. Fitrs. 6, (11). RAIMA-ITS. Bailey; V. H., 118, f. 1, 2; Bail., M. O., p. 39. Fitr. 7. " CALIFOBNICUS, Grun.; (trioculatus, var. ?) Gulf of California. V. H., 118, f. 8. This has the three spines just within the margin, H. L. S. " 8. OLYPHODISOUS STELLATUS, Grev. " 9. (Jrev. ; var. major, 6, f. 12; Sill. J.. April, 1845, p. 324, 4, f. 1; Schm. At., '<><>, f. I. Nottingham, Md. Fig. 3. TRICERATIUM AMULYCEROS, Ebrb. Ber., M. J., 1853, p. 250, 4. f. 14; Schm. At., 1, f. 25. Richmond, Va. 4. SPINOSUM, Bail.; Ricd.; Schm. At., 87, f. 3. Figs. 5, 6. ACTINOPHYCHUS ixTKRrr NCTATUS, Shad., M. J., 1860, p. 94, fi. f. 17. Richmond, Va. Fig. 7. ACTINOPTYCHUS RAEANUS, Challenger, 1887. 7, f. 4. Santa Monica. " 8. EuroDisctTs RADIATUS, var. anti2. Santa Monica. 4. BIDDULPHIA, Kitton; Srhm. At., 67, f. 3. 5. INTKSTINALIS, A. S.. Srhm. Al., 108, f. 2. Santa Monica. 6. TEXTILIS, A. S., Schm. At., 89. f. 9. 7. CARIBAKT-S. ( 'Irve.; Srhm. At., 67, f. 9, 10. 8. INCERTUS, Schm. At., 89, f. 19. Santa Monica. !». AMKRICANUS, Ehrl). Mik., 33, f. 14, 2. Norwich, Conn. Probably a var. of A. srulptus. 10. AULACODISCUS ROGERSII, (Eupodisi'iis) Elirb. Ber., 1S44, p. 81; Srhm. At., 92. f. 2-6; 107, f. 3. Maryland. 11. ARKUS ( Kupodiscus), Pensacola ; Schm. At., 4. 12. PROBABILIS, Schm. At,, 36, f. 15, ( 13-16 ); 103, f. 3, 4. Rather exceptional rignre. The normal form shows blank space from center to pro- cesses. PlateLXXX. PLATE LXXXI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. ASTEROLAMPRA HiLTONiANA, ( Asteroniphalus), Grev., T. M. S., 1860, p. Ill, 4, f. 15 ; Srn. Sp. T., No. 49. " 2. MORONIENS, Grev., M. J., 1863, p. 230, 7, f. 8; Schm. At., 38, f. 24. " 3. RALFSIANA, Grev., T. M. S., 1862, p. 50, 8, f. 31. " 4. ASTEROMPHALUS ARACHNE, Breb. , Schm. At., 38, f. 5. Figure should be somewhat ovoid. " 5. ASTEROLAMPRA GREVILLEI, Grev., T. M. S., 1860, p. 113, 4, f. 21 ; V. H., 127, f. 12. " 6. ASTEROMPHALUS FLABELLATTJS. Grev., Cal. guano. " 7. COSCINODISCUS RADIATUS, Ehrb. Mik., 39, 3, f. 17; Sill. J., 1842, p. 95, 2, f. 14; K. B., 1, f. 18; S. B. D., 3, f. 37; T, M. S., 1860, p. 48, 2, f. 22; V. H., 129, f. 5. " 8. ARGUS, var. Ehrb. Mik., 21, f. 2; 22, 5, f. 8; Schm. At., 61, f. 13 ; 113, f. 7. " 9. GIGAS, Ehrb. Mik., 18, f. 34; K. B., 1, f. 16; Schm. At., 64, f. 1. Cells not round, but somewhat angular. " 10. SUBCONCAVUS, Grun. ; Schm. At., 59, f. 12, 13, 15; 62, f. 7. I'lateLXXXI. PLATE LXXXII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. AULACODISCUS MARGARITACEUS, Rail's.; Prit., p. 844 ; Schm. At., 37, f. 1-8. Cellules somewhat angular, too round in figure. " 2. " MARGARITACEUS, smaller form, Cal. Schrn. At., 37, f. 1-8. Rim too broad in figure. " 3. " PETERSII, Ehrb. ; Schm. At., 35, f. 1-t; 41, f. 1, 2. Side view. Processes really in the center of the elevated bosses. " 4. SPARSUS, Grev., T. M. S., 1866, p. 123, 11, f. 6; Schm. At., 36, f. 12. Cal. " 5. KITTONII, Am.; Prit., p. 844, 8, f. 24; Schm. At., 36, f. 5-7; 41, f. 6; M. J., 1860, p. 95, 6, f. 13. Areolation like Coscinodiscus, more or less hexagonal. Figs. 6, 7. . PETERSII, Ehrb.; Figs. 3, 6, 7, are varieties of the same species. Plate LXXXII. PLATE LXXXIII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. CAMPYLODISCUS GREENLEAFIANUS, Grun.; Schni. At., 15, f. 3. STEI.LATUS, Grev., M. J., 1859, p. 157, 7, f. 3; Prit,, p. 799. " 3. TRIITMPHANS, A. S., Sclllll. At,, 15, f. 4, 5. " 4. " GRUENDLERII, Grun. ; Schm. At., 15, f. 1, 2, not 51, f. 13. Camp. Bay. " 5. PUNCTULATUS, Grun.; Schrn. At., 17, f. 4. Forlu not quite circular. " 6. INTERMEPIUS, Grim. ; Gulf of Mexico. Schm. At., 14, f. 30. " 7. ECCLESI ANUS, Grev.; Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 16, f. 9. t " 8. BIMARGINATUS, A. S., Schm. At., 16, f. 7. Camp. Bay. " 9. " CREBRESTRIATUS, Grev. ; Schm. At., 14, f. 28; 53, f. 18. " 10. RALFSII, W. S., S. B. D., 30, f. 257; Schm. At., 14, f. 1-4. Gulf of Mexico, Camp. Bay. " II. ROTULA,Grun.; Schm. At., 14, f. 10. Camp. Bay. Fiijs. 1-J, 13. SAUERBECKII, Griind.; Schm. At., 52, f. 6; 53, f. 3,4. 14, 15, PHALANGIUM, A. S., Schm. At., 14, f. 11, 12. Camp. Bay. Fi.u-. !().- SIMULANS, Greg.; T. M. S., 1857, p. 71, 1, f. 41. Schm. At., 17, f. 12-14. Hat,-. LXXXIII. PLATE LXXXIV. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. RAPHIDODISCTTS MARYLANDICA, T. C. — Microscope, May, 1889. " 2. CHRISTIANII, Gascoigne. — Microscope, May, 1889. Figs. 3, 4. FEBI«ERII, T. O. — Microscope, May, 1889. These three described species must be reduced to a single one. The impression conveyed by the examination of a photograph of R. Ma- ri/Jandtca, is that of two different diatoms accidentally wedged to- gether; the markings of MILOSIRA can be plainly made out when those of Raphidodiscus are out of focus ; and R. Christianii is simply Marylandifa without the enveloping MILOSIRA ; or more correctly, Marylandica and (~'hri.?t,in>iii lodged in a Milosira. R. Febigerii is simply Christianii with its marginal rim broken away. C. M. Vorce, Cleveland, Ct.— The Microscope, May, 1889. Fig. 5. STEPHANOPYXIS SPINOSISSIMA, Grun. ; Schrn. At., 123, f. 18. St. Monica. " 6. PSEUDOAULISOUS RADIATUS, Schru. At., 32, f. 28. " 7. ODONTODISCUS SUBTILIS, Grun. Do not see why this should be called Odontodiscus without any evi- dence of teeth, (Odontos.) Figs. 8,9. STEPHANOPYXIS SUPERBA, Schm. At., 123, f. 4, 5. Large and small forms. Fig. 10. XANTHIOPSIS UMBONATTJS, Grev., T. M. S., 1866, p. 2, 1, f. 5. Plate LXXXIV. PLATE LXXXV. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. ACTINOCYCLUS ELLIPTICUS, Gruu. ; V. H., 126, f. 10. Rich- mond, Va. " 2. ACTINOPTYCHUS socius, A. S., Schm. At., 1, f. 11. " 3. " PRAETEB, A.S., Schm. At., 100, f. 5. Maryland deposit. " 4. AREOLATUS, Schui. At., 1, f. 9. California. " 5. " AMBLYOCEROS, (Triceratiuni amblyoceros, Ehrb.) Schm. At., 1, f. 25. Richmond, Va. " 6. " NITIDUS, Schm. At., 1, f. 7. Mexico. " 7. " SUBTILIS, Greg., forma major ; V. H., 125, f. 11. " 8. INCERTUS, Grun.; St. Monica. V. H., 125, f. 4. " 9. ACTINOCYCLUS EHRENBERGii, Ralfs.; St. Monica. V. H., 125, f. 1. " 10. ACTINOPTYCHUS LAEViGATUS, Grun. ; Depos. Monterey, Cal. V. H., 122, f. 7. " 11. TRIGONUS, A. S., Schm. At., 1, f. 24. Camp. Bay. " 12. ACTINOCYCLUS EHRENBERGH, var. intermedia, Grnn. ; V. H., 124, f. 5. Depos. St. Monica. " 13. RALFSII, var. Monica, Grun., Cal. V. H., 124, f. 3. Punctae of border are quincunx. " 14. " ALIENUS, var. Californica, Grun. ; St. Monica. V. H.. 125, f. 10. " 15. ACTINOPTYCHUS VULGARIS, var. Virginica, Grun.; Richmond, Va. V. H., 121, f. 7. " 16. GLABRATUS, var. Arigelorum, Grun. ; St. Monica, Cal. V. H., 120, f. 9. " 17. GLABRATUS, var. Montereyi, Grun. ; Depos. Monterey. V. H., 120, f. 7. " 18. SPINIPERUS, (vulgaris var.) Grun.; St. Monica, V. H., 121, f. 5, 6. 19. GLABRATUS, var. incisa, Grun.; St. Monica. V. H., 120, f. 8. 20. VULGARIS, var. Monicae, Grun.; Cal. V. H., 121, f. 9. 1'lutc LXXXY. PLATE LXXXVI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. COSCINODISCUS BIANOULATUS, A. S., Schm. At., 63, f. 13. Notting- ham, Md. " 2. ARMATUS, Grev. ; Schm. At., 67, f. 4. Richmond, Va. " 3. CRASPIDODISCUS COSCINODISCUS, Grun. ; Schm. At., 66, f. 4. Mon- terey. •' 4. " OCULUS IRIDIS, Ehrb.; Schm. A.t., 63, f. 3-7. " 5. CRASPIDODISCUS RHOMBICTJS, Grun.; Schm. At., 66, f. 13. Mon- terey. " More likely a valve of Biddulphia than a Craspidodiscus," H. L. S. " 6. COSCINODISCUS HETEROPORUS, var. Grun.; Monterey. Schm. At., 61, f. 5, 4. " 7. CRASPIDODISCUS ELEGANS, Ehrb.; Schm. At., 66, f. 1. Notting- ham, Md. " 8. COSCINODISCUS, Ehrb. ; Schm. At.. 66, f. 3. Not- tingham, Md. " 9. COSCINODISCUS APICUL.ATUS, var. Ehrb. ; Schm. At., 64, f. 7-9. Richmond, Va. Plate LXXX VI. PLATE LXXXVII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. COSCINODISCUS BOREALIS, Bail.; Sill. J., July, 1856, p. 3; Schm. At., 63, f. 11. " 2. CRASSUS, Bail.; Sill, J., 1856, p. 4; Schin. At., 61, f. 19. " 3. DIORAMA, Schm. At., 64, f. 2, = C. gigas, Ehrb. " 4. ASTEROMPHALUS, Ehrb. ; with large cells. St. Monica. Schm. At., 63, f. 12. " 5. ROBUSTUS, Grev. ; St. Monica. Schm. At., 62, f. 6. " 6. CENTRALIS, Ehrb.; Cal. Schm. At.,63, f. 1; 60, f. 12. " 7. SUSPECTUS, Janiscb. Cal. Schm. At., 59, f. 2. The meshes only slightly smaller at margin than in center. " 8. OMPHALANTHUS, Ehrb. Margin arched. Mon- terey. Schm. At., 63, f. 2. " 9. PERFORATUS, Ehrb. ; Richmond, Va. Series of puncta radiating; Schm. At., 64, f. 12. " 10. LINEATUS, Ehrb.; Schm. At., 59, f. 26. " 11. ROBUSTUS, Grev.; St. Monica. Smaller form of Fig. 5. Schm. At., 62, f. 5. Plate LXXX VII. c £'-.»/ - PLATE LXXXVIII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. AuijAConiseus CRUX, Ehrb.; Richmond, Va. Areolation (cellules) hexagonal. Schm. At., 124, f. 1. " 2. KITTONII, Arnott. San Francisco. Schm. At., 36, f. 3 = A. Ehrenbergii, Janisch. Monterey. " 3. THUMII, A. S. The cellules are not simply round and smooth ; the diatom is composed of two plates, the upper one is perforated and the other dotted all over with granules. St. Monica. Schm. At., 108, f. 8. •' 4. OREGONUS, Bailey. Areolation more or less hex- agonal. " 5. CALIFORNICA, Schm. At., 34, f. 4, 5. " 6. " OREGONUS, smaller var. of Fig. 4. " 7. CIRCUMDATUS, A. S., Schm. At.. 35, f. 5. California. " is. PROBABILIS, A. S., Schm. At., 36, f. 15. Monterey. Cellules arranged more or less in circles around the middle. Nearly akin to A. Brownii. " 9. SOLLITIANUS. Nor. ; Schm. At., 33, f. 10. Notting- ham, Md. Surface dotted with very small prickles. " 10. BROWNEI, Norm. Monterey. Schm. At., 105, f. (i; hardly separable from A. probabiiis, Fig. 8. " 11. KINKERI, A. S., Schm. At., 106, f. 45. St. Monica. Possibly a var. of A. crux. Plate LXXXVIII. PLATE LXXXIX. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. AULISCUS SCULPTUS, Ralfs.; Prit., p. 845, 6, f. 3 ; Schm. At., 30, f. 8; V. H., 107. f. 1, 2. " 2. MACRAEANUS, Grev.; T. M. S., 1863, p. 51, 3, f. 18; Schm. At., 31. f. 5. " 3. RADIATUS, Bail.; T. M. S., 1863, p. 49, 3, f. 14. 4. PERUVIANUS, Grev.; T. M. S., 1862, p. 25, 2, f. 6; Schm. At., 32, f. 29. Cal. " 5. SCHMIDTII, Grim.; Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 30, f. 7. " 6. CAELATUS, Bail., N. Sp., p. 6, f. 3, 4; Schm. At., 32, f. 14, 15. Mont, " 7. RACEMOSUS, Ralf.; Schm. At., 30, f. 12, 13. Figs. 8, (11). CONFUTENS, Gran.; Schm. At., 31, f. 16. Fig. 9. CAELATUS, var. Bailey; Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 32, f. 17. 10. , var. lateeostata, Schm. At., 32, f. 18. Fig. too rnund, ought to be more oval. " 11. CONFLUENS, vide Fig. 8. Figs. 12, 13. MIRABILIS, a small and larger form, after Schm. At., 89, f. 10-13. Fig. 14. STOECKHARDTII, Janisch; Schm. At., 30, f. 11. Same as A. racernosus, vide Fig. 7. Plate LXXXDC PLATE XC. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. COSCINODISCUS EXCAVATUS, Grev. ; Prit., p. 829, 8, f. 26; Schin. At., 65, f. 1. North Carolina, New Jersey, etc. " 2. " SECERNENDTJS, (Secernendus), A. S., Schm. At., 114, f. 1. Maryland. " 3. " RAIHATUS, Ehrb. Ahh., 1839, p. 148; Mik., 39, 3. f. 17; 35 A, 17, f. 6; Sill. .!., 1842, p. 95, 2, f. 14; S. B. I)., 3, f. 57 : Schm. At., 60, f. 5, 9, 6, 7, 10. " 4. " WOODWARDIA, Enlens. Doubtfully this species and doubtfully N. Amer., Schrn. At., 61, f. 2; 65, f. 2. " 5. " FLORIDULUS, A. S., Schm. At., 113, f. 16. St. Monica. Rays not straight, but more or less curved, in concentric and excentric series of cellules. Hardly separable from C. Radiatus. " 6. " LEPTOPUS, Grun. C. lineatus, var. V. H., 131, f. 5. California. Figs. 7, 8. " VELATUS, Schm. At., 62, f. 10-12, places these doubtfully to G. velatus. Virginia. May be varieties of C. Marginatus. Fig. 9. IMPRESSUS, Grun. St. Monica. Center of cell somewhat depressed. " 10. EXCENTRICUS, Ehrb. California. Schm. At., 58, f. 49. Figure rather finely lined. Might be more in hexagonal cells. " 11. STTBVELATUS, so named provisionally by A. S. ; Schm. At., 65, f. 9. Monterey. " 12. HETEROPORUS, var. Grun., Monterey; Schm. At., 61, f. 4, 5. Plate XC. PLATE XCI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. ARACHNOIDISCUS EHRENBERGII, Bail., Wilkes Ex., p. 174, 9, f. 9; S, B. 'D., 31, f. 256; Schm. At., 08, f. 1 ; 73, f. 1. " EHRENBERGII, var. Moutereyanu, Grun. ; Schm. At., 68, f. 2. " 3. EHRENBERGII, var. Californica, A. S., Schm. At., 73, f. 1. 4. EHRENBERGII, var. Californica, Weissfl. ; Schm. At., 68, f. 3. " 5. " GREVILL.EANUS, Hardm. ; Schm. At., 68, f. 5. Monterey. " 6. " INDICUS, Ehrb., var.; Sehm. At., 73, f. 2; Mik., 36, f. 24. Figs. 7, (10, 11). INDICUS, vars.; Schm. At., 68, f. 6,9, 10. Cen- ter less filled ; hardly a rosette as shown in Figs. 10 and 11. " 8,9. " ORNATUS, var. Montereyana; A. S., Schm. At. 73, f. 7, 9. Rosette does not show blank center large enough in either figure ; it is quite apparent on the valve, H. L. S. MSS. Plate XCI. PLATE XCII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. ACTINOPTYCHUS HELIOPELTA, Grunow, lower plate; Sdun. At., 109, f. 2; V. H., 123, f. 3. Maryland. Edtre-wise the disc is undulating. " 2. PFITZERI, Griind.; Schni. At., 29, f. 1. Cal. Figs. 3. (7). GRUENDLERI, A. S. ; St. Monica and Mon- terey. Schm. At., 1, f. 122; 100, f. 4. 4. o, 6. UNDULATUS, Ehrb. ; Monterey. Schm. At., 1, f. R; V. H., 122, f. 3. Fig. 8. EXCELLENS, Schuin., 1867, p. 64; Schm. At., 1, f. 14. " 9. SPLENDENS, Schad.; V. H., 119, f. 1, 2, 4. 10. var. crucifera ; Cal., St. Monica. V. H., 120, f. 2. 11. SPLENDENS, var. Californica ; Schm. At., 1, f. 26; V. H., 120, f. 1. 1-. SPLENDENS, var. Halionyx; V. H., 119, f. 3. 13. TRIANGULUS, A. S.; Piscatavvay, Me. Prob- ably Trio. Marylandicum ; Schm. At., 1, f. 26. Plate XCII. PLATE XCIII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. ASTEROL.AMPRA MARYLANDICA, Ehrb. Figs. 4, 5, 6. varieties, M. J., 18(50, p. 94, 5, f. 3 ; T. M. S., 1860, p. 47, 2, f. 13, 14; p. 108, 3, f. 1-4 ; 1862, p. 44, 7, f. 1-3. Fig. 2. VARIABILIS, Grev.; T. M. S., 1860, p. Ill, 3, f. 6, 8. " 3. BROOKII, Bail.; Sill. J., July, 1856, p. 2, 1, f. 1 ; Prit,, 837, 5, f. 79; Sclini. At., 38, f. 9, 21, 23. 7. BREBISSONIANA, Grev.; T. M. S., 1860, p. 114. 3, f. 9. Monterey. Figs. 8, 9. DARWINII, Grev.; T. M. S., 1860, p. 116, 4, f. 12, 13. Monterey. Fig. 10. ROTULA, Grev.; T! M. S., 1860, p. 120, 3, f. 5. Monterey. " 11. ELEGANS, Grev;; M. J., 1859, p. 161, 1, f, 6; T. M. S., 1860, p. 118, 4, f. 16. XC1II m - . '- . 5? &• , V'-. PLATE XCIV. Figures magnified -500 diameters. i. COSCINODISCUS ELEGANS, Grev.. T. M. S., 1866, p. 3, 1, f. 6; Schm. At., 58, f. 7. Piscataway, Me. « 2. SYMMETRICUS, Grev., T. M. S., 1861. p. 68, 8, f. 2; Schm. At., 57. f. 25-27. Areolation, hex- agonal. « 3. " CONGA vus, Ehrb. Mik., 21, f. 4 ; 18, f. 38 ; Schm. At., 59, f. 16. Monterey. Figs. 4, 5. COCCONEIFOKMIS, A. S. Monterey. Schm. At., 58, f. 25, 26. Fig. 6. RADIOLATUS, Ehrb. Mik., 39, 3, f. 18 ; 22, f. 4; 18, f. 36; K. B., 29, f. 91; Schm. At., 60, f. 11. Cellules rather too irregular and too radiate, H. L. S. " 7. NODULIFER, Jan., or better C. RADIOLUS, var. nodulifer. Schm. At., 59, f. 20. Camp. Bay, Gal. Figs. 8, 9. " SUBTILIS, Ehrb. Richmond, Virginia. 57, f. 11, and 15, 16 vars. The latter with areolation somewhat larger. Fig. 10. NITIDULUS, < Jrun. Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 58, f. 20. " ll. " RADIOLUS, Grim. Monterey. V. H., 132, f. 7. " 12. " CENTRALIS, Grun. ; not Ehrenberg's figure, which is very indefinite. Schm. At., 60, f. 12. '• 13. " APICULATUS, (= perlbratus) Ehrb.; Schm. At., 64, f. 5, 6. Richmond, Va. " 14. ACTINOCYCLTTS CURVATULUS, Janisch ; Schm. At., 57, f. 31. " 15. COSCINODISCUS, NITIDULUS, Grun. Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 58, f. 21. " 16. " MARGINATO-LINEATUS, A. S., Schlll. At., 59, f. 33. Camp. Bank. 17. ROTULA, Grnnow ; Schm. At., 57, f. 6, 7 ; Camp. Bay. 18. LEWISIANTTS, Grev.; Schm. At., 66, f. 12; T. M. S., 1S06, p. 78, 8, f. 8-10. Rappahannock, Va. According to Greville the granules have a distinct radiate character. 19. STELLIGER, Grun. Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 58, f. 10. " 20. MINOR, Ehrb. Abb.., 1839, p. 147, 3, f. 2 ; K. B., 1, f. 12, 13; Schm. At., 58, f. 39. 40. Figs. 21, 26. MARGINULATUS, var. curvato-striata; V. H., 94, f. 32. NITIIHTHTS, Ureg. Camp. Bvay. Schm. At., 58, f. 17. " 23. var., Schm. At., 58, f. 19. 24. XOTTINGHAMENSTS, Grun. Maryland. V. H., 129, f. 2. MARGINULATUS, var. Campeachiaua, Grun.; V. H., 94, f. 33. MARGINULATUS, Grun.; var. Stellulifera, Grun. Camp. Bay. V. H., 94, f. 34. Fiat- XV ! V PLATE XCV. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1-4. BIDDULPHIA TUOMEYII, Bail. Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 119, f. 1-8 ; T. M. S., 1859, p. «, 1, f. 1, 2 ; V. H., 98, f. 2. 3. The granules of central part of Fig. 4, arranged radially. " 5, 6. SUBORBICULARIS, Grun.; V. H., 100, f. 15, 16. Nottingham, Maryland. " 7, (10). RHOMBUS, (Ehrb.), W. Smith, (Zygoceros Ehrb., Denticella Ehrb., Oilo/i/cl/a, Kuetz}. " 8, 11-13. ROPERIANA, Grev., V. H., 99, f. 4-6; M. J,, 1859, p. 1(53, 7, f. 11-13. The granules are quincunx, on all the hoops. Fig. 9. MOBILKNSIS, (Bailey), Grun. Zygoceros, Bailey, Biddulphia, Baileyi, W. Smith. Sill. J., 1845, p. 336, 4, f. 2, 4; V. H., 101, f. 4-6. \ into XCV. PLATE XCVI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1, 2. BIDDULPHIA PULCHELLA, Gray. A front and a lateral view. (Denticella Bid/iia, Ehrb.; Biddulphia Lo- cularis, Kutz.) Camp. Bank. V. H., 97, f. 1; Schni. At., 118, f. 26-29. Fig. 3. " PULCHELLA, Gray.; a lateral view. Figs. 4, 5. EDWAKDSII, (front and lateral view) ; V. H., 100, f. 9, 10. Only a prickly form of B. Roperiana, Grev.; M. J., 1859, p. 163, 7, f. 11-13. Fig. 6. LONGICRUCIS, Grev.; M. J., 1859, p. 163, 7. f. 10. Figs. 7, 8. SETICULOSA, Gran.; Virginia. V. H., 101, f. 7, 8. " 9, 10, 11. AUBITA, Lyngb.; V. H., 98, f. 4-9: S. B. IX, 45, f. 319. Fig. 12. " LONGISPINA, Grun.; St. Monica. V. H., 102, f. 6. Figs. 13, 14. KETICULATA, V. H., 102, f! 1, 2; Roper, T. M. S., 1859, p. 14, 2, f. 13, 17; Schm. At., 78, f. 21-23; 84, f. 9-16 ; 85, f. 8. Plate XCVI. PLATE XCVII. Figures magnified 500 diameters Figs. 1, 2, (5, 11). BIDDULPHIA LAEVIS, Ehrb. Mik., 33, 15, f. 16; T. M. S., 1859, p. 18, 2, f. 24-26, Sill. J., 1842, 2, f. 8. A few of the many varieties widely dis- tributed ; frequent along the sea board, but also inland, salt marshes of Kansas, Utah, etc. " 3,4. TURGIDTJS, W. S. ; Cerataulus ; Odontella, Ehrb. Spines of the valves wavy, not rigid. V. H., 104, f. 1, 2; S. B. D., 62. f. 384; T. M. S., 1859, p. 17, 2, f. 23. " 5, (11). " POLYMORPHIC (Cerataulus), V. H., 104, f. 4, 3. Odontella, polymorphus, Ehrb. Bid- dulphia laevis, W. S. Pig. 6. " JOHNSONIANUS, Var. Grev.; Schm. At., 115, f. 15. " 7. TURGIDUS, Ehrb., Schm. At., 116, f. 2. Vide Figs. 3, 4, above. Figs. 8, (10). OVALIS, Cerataulus, A. S., Schm. At., 115, f. 7, and 115, f. 5. This diatom is not only finely dotted but areolated like a Coscinodiscus. Fig. 9. CALIFORNICUS (Cerataulus), A. S. "11. " Vide Fig. 5. Plate XCVII. 1 • • «- • - • . •* [ :VL - . **•>. -' PLATE XGVIII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1, 2, 3. BIDDULPHIA BAILEYII, W. S.; S. B. D., 45, f. 322: 62, f. 322; T. M. S., 1859, p. 12, 1, i. 59 ; V. H., 101, f. 4, 5. Nearly akin to B. mobiliensis. Fig. 4. WOOLMANII, Kain and Schultze; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, March, '89. Atlantic City. Ar- tesian well. Figs. 5, 6. DECIPIENS, Grun.; V. H., 100, f. 3, 4. Atlantic City. " 7,8,9. ELEGANTULA, var. of Tuomeyii, Grev.; Schm. At., 119, f. 9, 10, 11. Fig. 10. COOKIANA, Kain and Sohultze. Artesian well, Atlantic City; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, March, 1889. Var. of B. Ornata, Cast., 1887, p. 105, 23, f. 9. Figs. 11, 12. TENUIS, Bail., B. .1. N. H., vol. vii, 1 p. f. 25. Probably identical with B. Baileyi. Vide Figs. 1-3. " 13, 14. TRINACRIA, Bail.; B. J. N. H., p. 338, 1, f. 34, 35. A a variety of Bid. Baileyi. 15, Ifi, 17. PORPEIA QUADRATA, Grev., T. M. S., 1863, p. 65, 6, f. 20; V. H., 92, bis f. 15. " 18, 19. BRITTONIANA, Kain and Schultze, Bull. Tor- rey Bot. Club, Aug., 1889, p. 208, 92, f. 1, a. b. c. Artesian well, Atlantic City. Plate XCVIII. PLATE XCIX. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fi-s. 1, 2. TRICERATIFM FAVUS, Ehrb. Mik., 19, f. 17 ; K. B., 18, f. 11 ; S. B. D., 5, f. 44; 30, f. 44; V. H., 107, f. 1-4; Schm. At., 82, f. 13, 14. " 3, 4. FIMBBIATUM, Wall., M. J., 1858, p. 247. 12, f. 4-9; Lens, I, p. 100; II, p. 105; Schrn. At., 82, f. 6, 7. Florida. " 5, 6. FIMBRIATUM, Grun.; V. H., 109, f. 1, 3 ; Schm. At., 99, f. 10-13; forma major, and forma pusilla. St. Monica. Fig. 7. CALIFORNICUM, Grun. St. Monica. V. H., 108, f. 11. Figs. 8, 9. INELEOANS, Grev. St. Monica. Fig. 8, var. mi- cropora, Grun.; Fig. 9, var. Yucatensis, Grun.; V. H., 90, f. 3, 4. (Odontella). Fig. 10. < 'ON SIMILE, Grun., (Od'»ttrlla ). St. Monica. V. H., 108, f. 2. "11. " IRREGULARE, var. Grun. Petersburg, Va. V. H., Ill, f. 10. 12. INELEGANS, Biddulphia, var. araeopora. St. Monica. V. H., 110, f. 2. Plate XCIX. PLATE C. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fin-. 1. TRK-ERATITTM TABELLAKIUM, Brightw.,var. deplosticta, Grun.; camp. Bay. Schm. At., 77, f. 1. " ± VENULOSUM, Grev.; Gulf of Mexico. Schm. ' At., 77, f. 8. " 3. BULLOSU.M, Witt. ; (.'amp. Bay; Schm. At., 78, f. 33. Figs. 1, i"i. VKxn.osuii, Grev.; Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 77, f. 9, 7. Fiy;. •"-. TRIPARTITITM. Grun.; Camp. Bay. V. H., 110. f. 8. (Biddulphia.) (i. " HETEROPORUM, Grun.; St. Monica. (Biddul- ]>liia:, V. II., 112, f. 2. " s. IXTERITIVCTATUM, Gruu. ; Nottingham, Md. Schm. At., 76, f. 7. A very variable species often apparently closely related to T. elegans, Grev. Fi.irs. 1), Id. TRISULCUM, Baifey; Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 78, f. 5-8, 112, f. 11-18. 11,12. PARALLELUM, Grev.; Monterey. Schm. At. ,75, f. 11, 12. " 13, 14. HARRISONIANUM, Nor. and Grev.; Camp. Bay. Schm. At,. 75, f. 14-16; T. M. S., 1861, p. 76, II, f. 9. Kiu. 15. PARALLELUM, forma trigona, Grev.; Schm. At., 76, f. 14. Fiirs. Hi. is. ALTERNANS, Ehrb.; Schm. At,, 78, t. 10, 12, (9-20). Camp. Bay, etc. Fig. 17. SKCERNENDUM, A. S., Schm. At., 76, f. 8. Not- tingham, Md. Plate C. ••'•:' ", , , V; ,' PLATE CI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. TRICERATIUM ANTILLARUM, Cleve., 1878, Schm. At., 99, f. 14. 2. KITTONIANUM, Grev. Maryland. T. M.S., 1865, p. 8, 2, f. 18. 3. SOLINOCEROS, Ehrb., Sill. J., April, 1S45. p. 329, 4, f. 23; M. J., 1853, p. 248, 4, f. 1 ; Schm. At.. 96, f. 11; 77, f. 21. Fi'js. 1, r». SUBCORNUTUM, Grun.; Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 99, f. 15, 18. Granules in radiate series. " 6, 7. ELEGANS, Grev. Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 99, f. 11. Fig. s. MARYLANDICUM, Bright. Maryland. M. J., 1856, -PL 17, f. 17; Sm. Sp. T., No. HOI. Figs. !», (12). PUNCTATUM, Bright., M. J., 1856, p. 275, 17, f. 18; Schm. At., 76, f. 19, 20. Fig. Id. BROWNI-ANUM, Grev., T. M. S., 1861, p. 72, 8, f. 16. Maryland. 11. ROBUSTUM, Grev. T. M. S., 1861, p. 71, 8, f. 15. Maryland. 1.1. RECEPTUM, A. S.; Schm. At., 81, f. 10. Santa Monica; related to T. Shadboldtii, Bail.; and T. acceptum, Grev. 14. AMOENUM, Grev.; T. M. S., 1861, p. 75, 9, f. 7. Maryland. 15. ORNATUM, Grun. Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 98, f. 18. 1s- PENTACRINUS, Wallac.h. Camp. Bank. Schm. At., 98, f. 7. Previously figured as Amphi- tetras Ornata. I'l.-ite CI. PLATE CII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fii-;. 1. TRICERATIUM MONTERKYI, Bright.; Santa Monica. Schm. At., 94, f. 1,2,3. Fi"s. 2, (5). SPINOSUM, Bail.; Camp. Bank. Schm. At.,87,f. -2,3. 3. " SUBROTUNDATUM, A. S. ; Nottingham, Md. Schm. At., 93, f. 1. 4. JUCATENSE, Grun.; Camp. Bay. Schm. At., 7(5, f. 13. <;. CONDECORUM, Bright.; Nottingham, Md. Schm. At., 76, f. 27. 7. MURICATUM, Bright.; Camp. Bank. Schrn. At., 83, f. 8, 9. s. FISCHERII, A. S. ; Patuxet River. Schm. At., 76, f. 34. ;i. TESSELATUM, Grev. var. ; Nottingham, Md. Schm. At., 76, f. 33. 10. OBSCURUM, forma minor,Grev.; Piscataway, Me. Schm. At., 76, f. 5. 11. " VALIDUM, Grun.; Santa Monica. Schm. At., 94, f. 5. 12. UNCINATUM, Grun.; Pacific Coast. Schm. At., 94, f. 4. IS. " DUBIUM, Bright.; Camp. Bay. An abnormal form ; Schm. At., 78, f. 26. Plate C II. PLATE GUI. Figures magnified .500 diameters. Fig. 1. ACTINOCYCLTTS PRASSUS, W. S.; V. H., 125, f. 8, == Eupodiscus crassus; S. B. D., I, p. 24, 4, f. 41; (actinocy- rfiis oetonarius and crassus). " 2. ACTINOPTYCHUS HELIOPELTA, Grun. Nottingham, Md. V. H., 123, f. 3; V. H., 109, f. 2. " 3. BISMARKII, A. 8., Suhm. At., 91, f. 4. Santa Monica. 4. ACTINOCYCLUS NIAGARAE, H. L. S., A. Q. J. M., 1878, p. 17, 3, f. 10; J. M., 1879, 135, 6, f. 10. " 5. MONILIFORMIS, Ralfs.; V. H., 124, f. 9, N. a? Allied to Eupodisous crassus, W. S., compare Fig. 1. " i). TENUISSIMUS, Cleve., 1878, p. 21, 5, f. 34; J. M., 1S7H, p. 13, i'.i). TRICERATUM MONTEREYI, Brightw. Copied from fossil dia- toms of New Zealand, (PI. XI, f. 25,) to show the extreme convexity of the termi- nal valve of a frustule. Fig. 7. SURIRELLA PULCHRA, Lewis N. and R.,-p. 4, 1, f. 1. Allied to S. faMuosa and -!i. ISTHMIA ENKIIVIS. S. B. D., PL 48. Figures 8, 9 magnified 500 diameters. Figures 6, 7 magnified 250 diameters. Plate CIX. PLATE OX. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. COSCINODISCUS INCRETUS, A. S., Schm. At., 139, f. 1. Santa Monica. " 2. TKICERATIUM CAMPEACHIANUM. Figs. 3, 4. CAMPYLODISCUS BICOSTATA, W. S.; T. M. S., 1854, p. 75, 6, f. 4; V. H., 75^ f. 2; Schrn. At., 55, f. 4, 5. Fig. r>. CYCLOTEL.LA COMPTA, var. Bodonica, Kg.; V. H., 92, f. 16-22; V. II., 93, f. 21, etc. Br. Columbia. Figs. (i. 7. BIDDULPHIA ANCH-LATA, A. S.; Nottingham, Md. Schm. At., 141, 7, 8. Valves are marked somewhat like Coseinodiscus, Fig. 8. HYALODISCITS RECTICULATUS, A. S., Schm. At., 140, f. 7. Mon- terey. Figs. '.», 10. BIDDTJLPHIA MEMBRANACEA, Cleve.; W. Ind. diatom ; 5. f. 33. Near Zygoceros Balaena of Ehrb. Plate CX. • -'-v '.. •?. -t s m£ • •' "- PLATE CXI. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Figs. 1. '1. NAVICULA MACULATA. Edwards, Stuuroneis maculata, Bailey. M. J., 1860, M. 129; Schm. At., 62, f. 10; Sm. Sp. T., No. 293. Near latissinia, vide Schultze's fig., Bui. Torrey-Bot. Club, 1887, April. Fig. 3. PRETEXT A, var. (Ehrb.), Grundl. Camp. Bay. " 4. TRICERATIUM SCTTLPTUM, var. Gruudl. Atlantic City, Not- tingham, etc., Schm. At., 76, f. 12. " .">. AULISCUS PRUINOSUS, Bail. Gulf of Mexico. T. M. S., 1863. p. 49, PI. 3, f. 13; Schm. At., 31, f. 6, 7 ; 108, f. 10. " 6. SPINOSUS, T. Christian, closely allied to Glyphodis- • •i/x. Atlantic City, Bill. Torrey Bot. Club, March, 1889, p. 73. NAVICULA MARGINATA (Mastogloia), "Lewis N. and R. Sp., p. 26, 2, f. 1,'from photo. Charleston, South Caro- lina. Kiu-s. s. 9. GRUENDLERI, A. S.; Schm. At., 12, f. 35-37. Cal. KILT. 10. VULPINA, (V. H., 9, f. 18), a var. of N. acuta, K. B., 3, f. 69; Sin. Sp., No. 240. Lake Michigan. 11. SURIRELLA NOBILIS, N. S. Sporangial form, S. B. D., 8, f. 63.= Sur. splendida, var. Lake Michigan. " 12. COSCINODISCUS VELATUS? From photo., S. C.; Schm. At., 62. f. 10. l''igs. 13, 14. BIBLARIUM ELLIPTICUM, vars., Ehrlj. Mik., 33, 2, f. 5; 33, 12, f. 2; M. D.,43, f. 38. 15, 16. MERIDION GIRCULARE, var. contorta, Lake Michigan, fre- quent. For. Mer. constrictum, compare Rail's. A. N. H., 1843, p. 458, 18, f. 2; Rab. S. D., 1, f. 2; and S. B. D., 32, f. 278. I'M-. 17. EUPODISCUS ROGERSII, (Argus, var). Artesian well, Atlantic City, Schm. At. 92, f. 2-6. From photo. is TRICERATIUM AMERICANUM, Raits.. S.-hm. At., 76, f. 3, 20. Artesian well, Atlantic City. lit. CYMBELLA BOTUNDATA, H. H. C. An extreme form ol this is Billed by Bailey Cy nib. gibba. Grunow calls the same diatoms Encyonema triangulare. Plate CXI. PLATE CXII. Figures magnified 500 diameters. Fig. 1. AMPHIPLEURA MAXIMA, W. and Chase, 2, f. 5. Oregon. " 2. MELOSIRA ARENARIA, Rah. 2, f. 5, etc. " 3. ACTINOPTYCHUS IRREGULARE, V. H., 132, f. 11. Figs. 4, 5. MELOSIRA UNDULATA, Slide and S. B., 2, f. 9. Fig. 6. COSCINODISOUS DENARIUS, Schtn. At.. 57, f. 24. Atlantic City. " 7. TRICERATIUM SUBROTUNDATUM, Sc;hm. At., 93. Atlantic City. " 8. COSOINODISCUS MARGINATUS, K. B., 1, f. 7. Amer. " 9. STAURONEIS ICOSTAURUM. K. B., 29, f. 10. " 10. PHYLLODES, K. B., 29, and Rab., 9. " 11. , " LINEATA, K. B., 29, f. 5. " 12. AMPHORA FL.EXUOSA, Lens, Vol. 2, No. 2, PL, 1, f. 3. " 13. STEPHANODISCUS ASTR^EA, V. H., 95, f. 9, var. minutiala. " 14. DISCLOPEA OREGONICA. 1."). NITZSCHIA BILOBATA, not half but whole frustule. Compare Plate 43, f. 5, 6; 8. B. D., Vol. 1, p. 42, PI. 15, f. 113. Plate CXII. 18