EXCHANGE VOLUME X No. 1 BULLETIN OF THE Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences A DIRECTORY •of | AMERICAN MUSEUMS BUFFALO, NEW YORK 1910 BULLETIN of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences VOLUME X OCTOBER, 1910 No 1 A DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS OF ART, HISTORY, AND SCIENCE COMPILED BY PAUL MARSHALL REA lV . , Secretary of the American Association of Museums INTRODUCTION At the third annual meeting of the American Association of Museums, in 1908, the writer discussed the desirability of a directory of American museums and presented a tentative outline of data which might advantageously be included.1 He was then authorized to undertake the compilation of such a directory on behalf of the Association, and the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences generously offered to publish the work. To Mr. Henry R. Howland, Superin- tendent of the Buffalo Society, the writer desires to acknowledge indebtedness for many courtesies. The purpose of the directory is to bring together in convenient form data regarding the organization and work of American museums, with the object of promoting mutual aid and cooperation. It is fully realized that statistics concerning collections can give only a very imperfect indication of the importance of museums, but when the character of the financial support and other details of organiza- tion are also given it is possible to form a much closer estimate of See Proc. Am. Assoc. Mus., II, 1908, 33-35. 4 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS relative efficiency. It is also hoped that the publication of such information may stimulate the development of museums by showing what is already being done. The scope of the directory was finally determined after receiving suggestions from the council of the Association and others, and a form for the return of information was prepared. The mailing of these forms was begun in February, 1900. Since that time informa- tion has been gathered as rapidly as the time and funds available would permit. All manuscript has been prepared since February i, 1910, and the account of each museum has been submitted for revision, except in a few cases during the course of publication. It was origin- ally planned to issue the directory in May, 1910, but delay in secur- ing returns from many museums necessitated postponement, seven or eight communications being necessary in a number of cases. An effort has been made to include the museums of both North and South America, but the time consumed in the mails to South America has made it impossible to obtain satisfactory results in this part of the work. Such information, however, as has been obtained is printed, with the names of other museums secured from various sources. As the work progressed it became evident that no line of demarcation could be drawn between active museums and collec- tions hardly worthy of the name, and it was decided to include all except private museums not open to the public. No effort has been made to compile data regarding medical or other special museums, but accounts of some of these have been received and printed. The mailing list was originally compiled from a number of publi- cations covering a part of the field of the directory. This list has been extended by suggestions from the institutions to which manu- script has been sent. For this purpose a list of the museums in each state or province was included with nearly all manuscript submitted for approval, with a request that it be verified and extended if neces- sary. Among previous publications that of Merrill1 is worthy of special mention. This contains accounts of scientific museums similar in many respects to those of the present work, the chief addi- tion in the latter being administrative information intended to indi- cate the organization and importance of the museums described. In a number of cases where we have been unable to obtain satisfac- tory information the account is based upon Merrill, due credit being given in each instance. In other cases where a similarity of accounts 1 Natural History Museums of the United States and Canada. Bull N. Y. State Mus.t 62, 1903. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 5 may be noted it is apparently due to the use of the same catalogs or other printed matter as sources of information. In relation to historical museums much help has been derived from a report on state and local historical societies1 compiled for the American Historical Association by a committee consisting of Reuben G. Thwaites, chairman, Benjamin F. Shambaugh, and Franklin L. Riley. References to Thwaites in the text refer to this work. Other sources of information include the "Handbook of Learned Societies" issued by the Carnegie Institution, the census reports, and "Minerva." The last has been consulted chiefly in regard to South American museums which have not otherwise been heard from. The census reports have been drawn upon' for accounts of the smaller zoological parks, which it was decided to include only when the work was about to go to press. In comparing our returns with those of Merrill and Thwaites it is of interest to note that a considerable number of museums, often with the same curator, now report much smaller collections, or even "no museum." This is probably not to be interpreted as an actual decrease of material, but rather as an indication of estimates made in absence of records, either in both cases or in the earlier only. When "no museum" is reported it often indicates an indefinite conception of what a museum is. The final results fail in many respects to come up to the standard which it was hoped to maintain, and the work is submitted with a full realization of its incompleteness, but with the hope that it may prove of value in promoting the objects for which it was undertaken. It is intended that it may also serve as the basis of further studies in the organization and work of American museums which may be published in the Proceedings of the American Association of Museums. To this -end, all museums are urgently requested to place the secre- tary of the Association on their mailing lists for all publications descriptive of their work. Communications should be addressed to Paul M. Rea, Secretary, American Association of Museums, Charleston, S. C. 1 Report of Committee on Methods of Organization and Work on the Part of State and Local Societies. Ann. Rep. Am. Hist. Assoc., I, 1905, 249-325. CONTENTS UNITED STATES ALABAMA ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT or COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS • KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY. NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA . . 9 12 12 13 13 29 35 42 42 49 54 54 75 81 87 92 93 96 101 104 144 151 155 156 164 165 167 170 177 177 219 223 UNITED STATES— CON. OHIO 224 " OKLAHOMA 237 OREGON 238 PENNSYLVANIA 240 RHODE ISLAND 273 SOUTH CAROLINA 278 SOUTH DAKOTA 282 TENNESSEE 283 TEXAS 285 UTAH 288 VERMONT 289 VIRGINIA 294 WASHINGTON 298 WEST VIRGINIA 301 WISCONSIN 301 WYOMING 312 CANADA ALBERTA 314 BRITISH COLUMBIA 314 NEW BRUNSWICK 315 NEWFOUNDLAND 318 NOVA SCOTIA. 319 ONTARIO 322 QUEBEC 325 BERMUDA 333 MEXICO CAMPECHE 334 FEDERAL DISTRICT 334 MEXICO 334 MICHOACAN 33 5 MORELOS 336 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS MEXICO— CON. NUEVO LEON OAXACA PUEBLA QUERETARO VERA CRUZ YUCATAN.. CENTRAL AMERICA COSTA RICA.. SOUTH AMERICA 336 ARGENTINA 340 336 BOLIVIA 341 336 BRAZIL 34i 336 CHILE 342 337 COLOMBIA 345 337 ECUADOR 346 PARAGUAY 346 PERU 346 URUGUAY 346 338 VENEZUELA 347 UNITED STATES ALABAMA AUBURN: ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. The herbarium of the institute comprises 6000 cryptogams and 17,000 phanerogams, and is in charge of Francis E. Lloyd, professor of botany, assisted by Charles S. Ridgeway, instructor in botany. There are also small teaching collections in geology and zoology, and a paleontological collection including a series of local fossils and a small collection from the Paris basin. MONTGOMERY: ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY. This department was established in 1901 and maintains a museum and art gallery in the state capitol, in charge of Thomas M. Owen, director. TALLADEGA: TALLADEGA COLLEGE. Museum. The museum has been accumulated gradually since the founding of the college in 1867, and includes small collections in anthropology, art, botany, commerce and industry, geology, paleontology, zoology, etc., chiefly used in connection with instruction in the college. The museum has no regular income and no special staff, being cared for by the teachers of the scientific subjects. TUSCALOOSA: GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ALABAMA. Museum. STAFF. Director, Eugene Allen Smith, who is also director of the survey; Curator, Herbert H. Smith; Volunteer Assistant, Mrs. Herbert H. Smith. ANTHROPOLOGY. Two cases of Indian antiquities, chiefly from Moundville, near Tuscaloosa. This material has been presented by Dr. Smith, Professor Wyman, and Mr. E. N. C. Snow. There is no systematic collection at present. 10 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS BOTANY. A. The Mohr herbarium, comprising (i) 2500 species of ferns and flowering plants growing without cultivation in Alabama, and 2500 species of algae, lichens, fungi, mosses, and liverworts of Alabama. (2) A forestry collection, comprising (a) specimens of the native woods of Alabama in blocks of brick shape with appropriate labels, collected by Dr. Mohr in 1880 for the geological survey and representing 125 species; (b) 150 specimens in individual glass-front cases, illustrating the foliage, flowers, and fruit of the species included in (a) ; (c) manuscript maps by Dr. Mohr, illustrating the geographical distribution of the most important timber trees. This extensive her- barium of native plants was collected by Dr. Charles A. Mohr and Dr. Eugene A. Smith, and presented by them to the geological survey of Alabama in 1873. It was the basis of Dr. Mohr's report on "The Plant Life of Alabama." Since that time many additions have been made by Dr. Mohr, who also did all the work of mounting and arrang- ing the specimens . B . The Peters collection , th e gift of J udge Thomas Minott Peters, comprising (a) the T. M. Peters collection of no species of mosses, 23 of algae, 500+ of Alabama fungi, no of Alabama lichens, and 200 of the genus Car ex; (b) fascicles I-V of RavenePs Fungi Caroliniani exsiccati, 500 species; (c) fascicles I-V of Tucker- man's Lichenes Amer. Septr., 150 species. These are all mounted in bound volumes, and constitute a most valuable part of the herbarium. GEOGRAPHY. A large relief map of the southern Appalachian region, the work of E. E. Howell, and many maps and sections pre- pared by the state and United States surveys, together with models and relief maps for educational purposes. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. The collections of the geological survey of the state are by law deposited in the museum, comprising 75,ooo± fossils and 5ooo± minerals and rocks illustrative of Alabama geology and mining industries. There is also a very large and fine series of tertiary fossils, presented by Mr. T. H. Aldrich and including the co-types of species described by him; the Lommel collection of i ooo specimens of European fossils and rocks; the Scho waiter collection of minerals and fossils; extensive collections from New York, Vermont, Indiana, Wisconsin, etc. ; and an extensive series from the United States geological survey. Among the fossils, the type series of Alabama coal plants, described by Lesquereux, deserve special mention. ZOOLOGY, (i) The conchological collections of about 2000 spe- cies, comprising (a) the classical Schowalter collection of 100,000 land, fresh- water, and marine shells from all parts of the world; (b) the Mohr collection of land, fresh-water, and marine shells from all parts of the BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES II world; (c) collections of Alabama species, including 350 species of land and fresh-water shells collected by H. H. Smith. (2) Entomologi- cal collections, including several thousand specimens as yet unnamed, and 1000 named species of Alabama coleoptera, presented by Mr. H. P. Loding, of Mobile. (3) The Mohr alcoholic collection of fishes of Mobile Bay. (4) Alcoholic specimens of marine invertebrates of the Atlantic coast, presented by the Smithsonian Institution. (5) The Tuomey collection of Alabama reptiles. (6) The Avery bird collection, made by the late Dr. Avery at Greensboro, and purchased by the geological survey and deposited in the museum. The collec- tion consists of 900 specimens of bird skins, representing iy5± species. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The present museum has grown from the collections made by the geological survey, under Professor Tuomey from 1847 to l857> and under Dr. Eugene A. .Smith from 1873 to the present. The collections of Professor Tuomey and of the university were largely destroyed by fire in 1865. The specimens which were saved at that time lost most of their value by the destruction of their labels during the period of reconstruction from 1868 to 1871. Since 1871 the geological department of the university, and since 1873 the geological survey of the state, have been under the charge of Dr. Eugene A. Smith. The present museum has been chiefly accumulated during this period. The state legislature of 1906-7 appropriated $100,000 for the erection of a new building to provide adequate quarters for the museum. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum has no special funds. The expense of collection and administration has been met by the geologi- cal survey, while the cost of cases and other equipment has been borne by the university. BUILDING. The new building, named Smith Hall in honor of the director, was completed in December, 1909, at a cost of $100,000 appropriated by the legislature. It provides about 12,000 square feet of floor space available for exhibition, and 18,000 for library, offices, workrooms, lecture rooms, and laboratories for the geological survey and for the departments of biology and geology of the university. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, who is also professor of geology and state geologist, responsible to the president and board of trustees of the university. SCOPE. Special emphasis is laid upon exploration and exhibition of the biological and geological resources of Alabama, supplemented by general collections for university instruction. 12 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS LIBRARY. 3000-4000 books and many thousand pamphlets relating chiefly to geology and natural history, intended primarily for the use of the staff and university students. Most of this material is the gift of Dr. Smith. PUBLICATIONS. The museum issues no publications at present, but many of its collections have been described in the reports of the survey. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days. No statistics of attendance are available. ALASKA SITKA: ALASKA DISTRICT HISTORICAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM. This institution was established by Congress in 1900 and main- tains a museum of Alaskan objects as well as a library, in charge of Governor Walter E. Clark, official custodian. ARIZONA TUCSON: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA. Museum. STAFF. Curator, Herbert Brown. ANTHROPOLOGY. Specimens of ancient and modern aboriginal pottery from the pueblos and cliff houses of Arizona; stone implements; relics of the Spanish conquest; skulls and clay images; figures illus- trating the dress of the Yuma Indians and Mexicans. BOTANY. io,ooo± specimens, including the botanical survey herbarium of 2500 specimens of the Arizona flora. The cactaceae are especially well represented in the herbarium, there being more than 1000 mounted specimens and as many more unmounted duplicates. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 2500; Rocks, 3000. There is, in addition, an economic collection including copper ores and minerals from Bisbee; gold, silver, and lead ores of the state; gypsum, cement, and building stones; and also the 86-pound Weaver meteorite. PALEONTOLOGY. Collections of Arizona fossils. ZOOLOGY. 1 500 specimens, chiefly from Arizona, and the Herbert Brown collection of 1200 skins of Arizona birds loaned by the curator. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By irregular appropriations from the general funds of the university. The curator receives, in addition to his professorship in the university, a small amount appropriated directly by the state. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 13 ARKANSAS CON WAY: HENDRIX COLLEGE. The college has small teaching collections in charge of G. H. Burr. They comprise about 800 minerals, chiefly economic; about 75 speci- mens in historical geology; and 100 zoological specimens. FAYETTEVILLE: UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS. Museum. STAFF. The museum is in charge of A. H. Purdue, state geologist and head professor of geology and mining in the university. BOTANY. i5oo± species, 3500 specimens. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 3500; Rocks, 300; Relief maps, 13; Mine models, 8. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 1000; Vertebrates, 300; Plants, 500. ZOOLOGY. Insects, 200 species; Fishes, 350 species, 1500 speci- mens; Batrachians and reptiles, 40 species, 200 specimens, 18 skele- tons; Birds and mammals, 80 species, 200 specimens. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The botanical and zoological collections, and a part of the paleontological collection, were organized previous to 1896. The others have been added to the museum since that date. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By appropriations from the state legisla- ture, averaging about $500 a year. BUILDING. The museum occupies 6130 square feet of floor space available for exhibition, and 2367 for offices, classroom, labora- tory, etc., on the fourth floor of the main building of the university, erected in 1871 at a cost of $170,000 defrayed by the state. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, who makes a biennial report to the trustees of the university. SCOPE. Primarily teaching and research work. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days throughout the collegiate year and upon application during vacation. CALIFORNIA AVALON, SANTA CATALINA ISLAND: TUNA CLUB. The club has a museum of mounted game fishes of Southern Cali- fornia and Texas, in charge of A. L. Beebe, honorary curator. There is also a library of angling. 14 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ZOOLOGICAL STATION. This station maintains a collection of living fishes and inverte- brates of the locality; a set of alcoholic specimens of rare fishes, etc., many of which have been described and figured. The station also has a collection representing the archeology of the Channel Islands of California, part of which is on exhibition in the chamber of com- merce at Los Angeles. BERKELEY: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Department of Botany. This department maintains a herbarium comprising 133,055 mounted sheets of plants. This includes an economic collection of 3182 sheets, 10,137 sheets of algae, 3267 sheets of fungi, 9285 other cryptogams, and 107,184 sheets of phanerogams. There is also a large collection of unmounted material, the greater part of which is available for study, making a total available collection of about 250,000 sheets. Although the general aim of the department is to devote special atten- tion to western North America, a large number of eastern and Euro- pean species is represented, while the collection of New Zealand and Australian plants is considerable. The nucleus of the herbarium is a nearly complete set of the state survey collections, to which have been added nearly all of the sets distributed from western North America and especially from the Brandegee herbarium, which is rich in types and duplicate types and contains a good representation of the Mexican flora. The herbarium is in charge of W. A. Setchell, professor of botany, who has assigned its keeping to H. M. Hall, assistant professor of bot- any; it also profits by the labors of Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Brandegee, who serve without pay, the former having the title of honorary cura- tor of the heibarium. C. A. Purpus is the botanical collector. The herbarium is temporarily housed on the top floor of the Hearst Memorial Mining Building, a thoroughly fireproof structure, where it is accessible to graduate students and to visiting botanists. It is supported by state funds administered through the officers of the uni- versity, about $2000 a year being expended on supplies and labor. Connected with the herbarium is a botanical museum comprising several thousand specimens reserved for research purposes, and also a botanical garden of two and a half acres, in which about 2500 species of plants are cultivated, and upon which the sum of $1200 per year is expended. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 15 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Department of Geology and Mineralogy. The department maintains a teaching collection of rocks and minerals contained in about 1200 drawers and in about 125 linear feet of glass cases. There are also glass and wooden models, speci- mens from mines on the Pacific coast, models of interesting geologic regions, and 3600 slides for microscopic study. These collections are in charge of Andrew C. Lawson, professor of geology and mineralogy. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Museum of Paleontology. The paleontological collections are in charge of Professor J. C. Merriam and the staff of the department of paleontology. The museum includes the collections of the geological survey of California, and is rich in types and representative specimens of California fossils, in addition to a large series illustrating the invertebrate paleontology of North America, and a carefully selected series of crinoids from Craw- f ordsville, Indiana . The number of in vertebra te fossils is estimated at 150,000, with several hundred type specimens; of vertebrate fossils at 15,000, with about 100 types; of plant fossils at 3000, with about 50 types. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. STAFF. Director, Joseph Grinnell; Curators, Edmund Heller (mammals), Harry S. Swarth (birds); Assistant curator of mammals, Walter P. Taylor; Preparators, John Rowley (work done by contract) and E. J. Fischer (osteology) ; i janitor, i stenographer, and i helper. ZOOLOGY. Fishes, very few; Batrachians, 5oo± ; Reptiles, iooo±; Birds, 22,ooo±, including 40 types and the private collections of Messrs. Grinnell, Swarth, and Morcom, amounting to some 14,000 specimens; Mammals, 9000 ±, including 10 types; Bird eggs and nests, 500. Most of this material is in study collections, the space for exhibi- tion being limited. A number of large groups is planned for the near future. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was inaugurated in 1908 as a department of the university, under the patronage of Miss Annie M. Alexander of Oakland, California. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. A fixed sum of $6000 per year, promised by Miss Alexander for a term of years. In addition, Miss Alexander has expended several thousand dollars on exhibition, on securing the mate- rial for groups, and for the mounting of groups, which latter is provided entirely outside of the regular allowance. BUILDING. Erected in 1909 at a cost of $15,000, of which $8000 was appropriated by the university, and $7000 donated by Miss Alex- 1 6 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ander. It provides 3500 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and approximately 5000 for offices, workrooms, etc. This building is considered a temporary structure. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to the president of the university and to Miss Alexander. SCOPE. The purposes of the museum are exploration, research, and college teaching. PUBLICATIONS. Papers from the museum are published in the University of California Publications in Zoology. CLAREMONT: POMONA COLLEGE. Museum. The museum was founded by A. J. Cook, and is connected with the department of biology. It consists chiefly of teaching collections, in charge of C. F. Baker, curator and professor of zoology. It occupies a portion of the second floor of the Pearsons Hall of Science, erected in 1898. The collections comprise a herbarium of 2oo,ooo± phanero- gams and io,ooo± cryptogams, including co-types, para-types, or topo-types of nearly all the numerous new species collected by the curator in the United States, Nicaragua, Colombia, Cuba, and Brazil; synoptic collections in geology and paleontology to illustrate the lectures given in courses on these subjects; and extensive collections in zoology, including 5ooo± shells, 250,000 insects (numerous types), io,ooo± other invertebrates, and 5000 vertebrates. There is a department library of over 5000 titles in direct connection with the museum. The collections are maintained from the funds of the department, amount- ing to $2000 or more per annum, and are used chiefly for teaching pur- poses. They are augmented by the results of exploration and research by members of the department. Publications based upon museum material are a portion of the " Invertebrata Pacifica" and the "Pomona Journal of Entomology Quarterly," 5 numbers having been published. LOS ANGELES: BOARD OF EDUCATION. Science and Art Museum. (High School.) STAFF. J. Z. Gilbert in charge. ANTHROPOLOGY. 100 Indian specimens. ART. 50 drawings and 100 working charts of drawings. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 200, in storage, 500; Rocks, 200; non-mettalic ores, 100. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 17 PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 400, in storage, 100; Vertebrates, on exhibition, ioo,in storage, 1000, types and figured specimens, 2 ; Plants, on exhibition, 20, in storage, 10. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 600; Insects, 50; Other invertebrates, 250; Fishes, 50; Batrachians, 25; Reptiles, 50; Birds, 400; Mammals, 20; Microscopic material, 4oc± specimens. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was begun in 1907 by Mr. Gilbert, and is designed to aid the schools of the city in illustrating class work. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By a direct city appropriation of $200 annually, in addition to $200 in fixtures, and by private contributions. BUILDING. The museum occupies about 1400 square feet of floor space in the science hall of the Los Angeles High School. A two- story building 50 x IO° feet in Agricultural Park has recently been secured for the exhibition of part of the museum material. SCOPE. Public school teaching, supplemented by local explora- tion. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. A part of the collection of the Zoological Station of Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, representing the archeology of the Channel Islands of California is on exhibition here. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. The academy has a collection of local pleistocene fossils and other material with which it proposes to establish a museum in the Art Building in Agricultural Park, where a floor space of 15,000 square feet has been set apart for this purpose. THE SOUTHWEST MUSEUM. STAFF. Founder emeritus, Chas. F. Lummis; Curator, Hector Alliot. COLLECTIONS. The most perfect collection extant of Southern California archeology; important archeological collections from Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia; all relics of the Franciscan missionaries and the missions in Southern California, including the mission records of Los Angeles ; personal relics of John C. Fremont and Jessie Benton Fremont, including the flag which he raised on the' crest of the Rocky Mountains in 1842; the Lummis collections of about 5000 items from New Mexico, Mexico, Arizona, Bolivia, and Peru. 1 8 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS There is also the most important collection ever made of old Spanish and Indian folk-songs of the Southwest, including phono- graphic records of over 200 Indian songs in 36 different languages. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Southwest Museum was founded by the Southwest Society of the Archaeological Institute of America and was incorporated December 31, 1907. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Chiefly from the Southwest Society, which has an income of about $2500 a year. Endowments in money and collections are now worth about $300,000. The Carrie M. Jones bequest of $50,000 is available for a new building, for which a sixteen-acre site has been purchased for $38,000. BUILDING. The collections now occupy about 4000 square feet of floor space above the public library in the Hamburger building. SCOPE. In addition to a general museum special attention is given to the archeology, ethnology, history, science, and art of Cali- fornia, the Southwest, and Spanish America. LIBRARY. The Lummis library of 5000 items of Spanish America, including the rarest books and manuscripts; and the Munk library of Arizon:ana, comprising about 6000 items. PUBLICATIONS. A series of leaflet bulletins relating to the work of the museum is issued by the Southwest Society. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 2 to 4. The average monthly attendance is about 1000. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. No information has been received concerning the collections of this university, which are said by Merrill to include nearly 3000 fossils, 3700 minerals, 1000 specimens of historic and economic geology, 5000 plants, 730 ethnological specimens, and 22,300 zoological specimens, including 525 birds and 125 bird eggs, 350 other vertebrates, a small collection of insects, and 19,500 mollusca. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 2 acres, established in 1896, containing 4 reptiles, 194 birds, and 38 mammals. OAKLAND: OAKLAND PUBLIC MUSEUM. . STAFF. Curator, C. P. Wilcomb; Cataloger, Mrs. Alice G. Whit- beck ; i stenographer, i mechanic, and 2 janitors. ANTHROPOLOGY. 2000 specimens. This is the most active depart- ment of the museum at present, and special attention is given to collec- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES IQ tions representing the Indian tribes of the Pacific coast. There is also a collection of well selected material from Africa, India, China, Thibet, South Pacific Islands, and the Philippines. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. 500 selected minerals and a small collection of fossils. HISTORY. 1000 articles illustrating the husbandry, manufactures, arts, social customs, and home life of the early colonies and pioneer settlers. This collection is large and comprehensive. Four large rooms in the new annex have been specially prepared to accommodate it, as follows: old-time kitchen and living room, with huge fireplace; bedroom with complete equipment; weaving room; and large room for antiquities in general. These rooms are all low-posted, with heavy beam effect and small old-fashioned windows. All designed after colonial interiors in the East. NUMISMATICS. A collection of coins and currency representing almost every country on the globe. ZOOLOGY. A small collection of carefully selected butterflies, moths, and insects; a collection of shells, corals, and other marine objects; and a bird collection, comprising 400 mounted specimens, 200 skins, and 3000 eggs. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The nucleus of the museum is the Bryant ornithological collection, which was purchased by private subscrip- tion and presented to the city in 1907. Subsequently the Rabe, Daggett, and Wilcomb collections were purchased, and in 1909 the museum was formally placed under the direction of the board of trustees of the Oakland Free Library. The collections were installed in the Josiah Stanford mansion, on the western shore of Lake Mer- ritt, and C. P. Wilcomb was elected curator. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum receives its entire support from the city of Oakland, which has appropriated $10,000 for mainte- nance during the current fiscal year, with a special appropriation of about $5000 for improvements and additions to the building. Oakland has a population of 200,000, an assessed tax value of $105,000,000, and a tax rate of $1.20. BUILDING. Formerly a large residence belonging to the Stanford estate on the western shore of Lake Merritt. The land was recently purchased by the city for park purposes and the building has been thoroughly renovated and an addition of seven rooms erected. The building affords about 4700 square feet of floor space available for exhibition purposes, and 1000 for offices, workrooms, and store- rooms. 20 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the board of trus- tees of the Oakland Free Library. SCOPE. The primary object of the museum is the instruction of the general public. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily. PIEDMONT ART GALLERY. This is a private gallery owned by Mr. Frank C. Havens, and consists of about 350 pictures, principally modern, representing various European and American schools. It consists of three buildings, each 1 20 feet long, divided into nine rooms of various sizes. The gallery is in charge of Richard L. Partington, curator, and is open to the public from 10 to 4 at a nominal fee of 10 cents. Its object is ex- clusively educational. PACIFIC GROVE: PACIFIC GROVE MUSEUM ASSOCIATION. STAFF. Curator, Laura Duncan; Botanist, M. E. B. Norton; Librarian, Jeanette Murray. BOTANY. A herbarium of 924 cryptogams, including 500 North American and foreign ferns, and 424 algae of Monterey Bay; 2478 phanerogams, of which 478 local and Californian specimens are exhibited, while 500 local, and 1500 eastern, foreign, and Philippine forms are in storage. A small forestry collection includes 50 cones and a large number of seeds. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. About 200 minerals, and 20 in- vertebrate fossils. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 235 local species and 385 Philip- pine specimens, in storage, 3000± ; Insects, 2oo± ; Other invertebrates, 100 (local) ; Fishes, 54 mounted and 26 in alcohol; Reptiles, 15 mounted and 20 in alcohol; Birds, 62 mounted and 447 skins; Mammals, 45; Bird eggs, 600. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was established in 1883 by the Chautauqua Assembly in connection with class work in zoology. The Pacific Grove Museum Association was organized in 1899, and incorpo- rated in 1900 with 35 charter members. At this time a collection of i ico specimens was purchased, partly representing the life of Monterey Bay; later were purchased a collection of East Indian birds and one of local bird eggs. All other collections have been added by donation. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum had the following sources of income in 1909: from memberships, $436; from donations, $31; from proceeds of entertainments and festivals, $196. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 21 BUILDING. The museum occupies a building presented to the association, and adapted for its use in 1901 at a cost of $500. About 836 square feet of floor space is available for exhibition, and 447 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By the president and board of directors of the association. SCOPE. The objects of the association are to maintain a museum for the preservation of local fauna and flora; to develop a garden of native flora; to conduct classes and lectures; to provide a scientific library; to hold periodical exhibitions; and to encourage the study and preservation of the fauna and flora of Monterey County. LIBRARY. 330 volumes and 1 200 pamphlets, on subjects pertain- ing to natural history, are available for the use of members of the association and students. PUBLICATIONS. A souvenir of the tenth anniversary (1910). ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily (except Mondays and holidays) from 2 to 5. The attendance for 1909 was 1224 adults and 484 children. PALO ALTO: LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR MUSEUM. STAFF. Curator, H. C. Peterson; Assistant curators, E. G. McCann and A. H. S. Chuck (Chinese and Japanese department), W. W. Adams (art), A. F. Meston (Egyptology); Assistants, C. Williams, O. Utzinger, B. Kawakama. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples : Archeology, native, 350, foreign, 8126; Ethnology, native, 2985, foreign, 3110. Civilized peoples, ancient, 3630, modern, 3250. Among special collections may be mentioned the following: Danish stone and bronze, 12 50; Ohio and Middle states, 1000; Klamath Indians (Dagget collection); Indian baskets; early Spanish and Mission. At present the curator is devot- ing special attention to local mound material. ART. Sculpture, 169; Prints and engravings, 1260; Oil paintings, 685; Water colors, 325; Ceramics, 1650; Textiles, 1635. The Anna Lathrop Hewes collection of paintings, statuary, mozaic, etc., and a collection of pictures in oil presented by the Hon. Thomas Welton Stanford, of Australia, are noteworthy. The collection of ceramics is rich in Sevres, Bohemian, Venetian, French, Oriental, Dresden, Royal Berlin, Persian, Pompadour crystal, and many other wares. The textiles are'rich in laces, Japanese embroideries, Turkish, Roumanian, and Chinese collections, and fine chronological series of mummy 22 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS cloth. Included with the prints and engravings are many exceedingly rare books and maps. The famous Ikeda collection of Chinese and Japanese ceramics, kakimonos, bronzes, ivories, jades, lacquers, etc., was purchased in 1902 at a cost of $100,000. Another collection of great value is the Di Cesnola collection of 5000 pieces of Greek and Roman pottery and glass from the island of Cyprus. Next to that of the Metropolitan Museum of New York this is the largest collection in the world. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. No regular department is maintained but the museum has the first locomotive used on the Southern Pacific Railroad called the "Governor Stanford," also a few model sailing vessels, cars, etc., valued chiefly for historical associations. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 1500; Rocks, 100; Relief maps, models, etc., 2. This collection is rich in minerals of the Ural Mountains and in local quartz, cinnabar, iron, etc., but is being transferred to the mining department of the university. HISTORY. Rich in Central Pacific Railroad and U. S. Grant material, the latter being second in value to that of the Smithsonian Institution. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 2500; Birds, 600; Mammals, 15. This depart- ment, as well as that of geology, is discontinued for the present, the material being transferred to the university. Extensive collections of Stanford historical material, showing the history of the Stanford and Lathrop families and the growth of Stan- ford University as shown by photographs, plans, paintings, prints, publications, etc., since 1884. Also photographs, etc., showing the Stanford stock farm when it was the largest thoroughbred stock farm in the world. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The nucleus of the museum is a collection made by Leland Stanford, Jr., in 1880 during a trip through Great Britain and central and southern Europe. Upon his return to Califor- nia in 1882 he began to arrange and catalog the material accumulated. This collection is now exhibited in one of the rooms of the museum. In 1883 he accompanied his parents on a second visit to Europe and pursued his archeological researches and acquisitions with more fervor than ever. The material collected at this time is now exhibited in an adjoining room and shows how his tastes had matured. It was the intention of Leland Stanford, Jr., to add continually to this museum, and especially to begin a collection of Chinese and Japanese curios and one of American mound builders. His intentions are now being carried out by the museum. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 23 FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By appropriations from the board of trustees of the university. There is, however, no regular appropriation and no fund of any kind for the acquirement of new material. About $2500 is derived annually from admission fees. BUILDING. Erected in 1891-1906 by Mrs. J. L. Stanford at a cost of $1,200,000. It provides 200,000 square feet of floor space available for exhibition, and 90,000 available for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible first to the chairman of the museum committee, second, to the president of the board of trustees, third, to the board of trustees. The museum is not under the departments of instruction of the university. SCOPE. Maintained primarily for the instruction of the general public. LIBRARY. The museum has access to the university library but has practically no library of its own. Nearly all of the books used at the museum are the personal property of the curator. PUBLICATIONS. A number of small handbooks describing the collections has been issued in the past. The annual report to the trustees is not printed for distribution. ATTENDANCE. Admission fee, 25 cents to all except members of the faculty of Stanford University. University students are admitted free on Saturdays. Up to 1906 the average paid admissions were 1 2,000 a year, with an additional free list of 20,000. LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY. The university maintains teaching collections in connection with the departments of instruction as follows: BOTANY. Herbaria, consisting largely of plants collected in western America and including considerable donations from the National Herbarium, the California Academy of Sciences, J. W. Congdon of Mariposa, and others. The private collections of flowering plants and fungi belonging to the head of the department are also avail- able. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. In addition to its general teach- ing collections, this department is to receive the geological collections of the Leland Stanford Junior Museum. ZOOLOGY. A very full representation of the fishes of North America ; a valuable series of deep-water fishes of the Pacific ; large col- lections of fishes from the West Indies, Hawaiian Islands, Bering Sen, Japan, the coasts of Mexico and Central America, and the 24 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS Galapagos Islands; a large representation of the reptiles, batrachians, birds, and mammals, of California and adjoining states; and collec- tions of marine invertebrates, rich in Pacific echinoderms and crusta- cea. There are also entomological collections containing authorita- tively determined specimens in all of the insect orders; many sets of specimens illustrating development and habits of insects; the most important existing collection of North American Mallophaga, com- prising the types of four-fifths of all species so far described from North America and the Pacific Islands; an unusually large collec- tion of Coccidae; and a valuable series of specimens from the Gala- pagos Islands. PASADENA: THROOP POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. The institute has an excellent collection of minerals and collections of insects, birds, and mammals, in addition to alcoholic material. The only officer of the museum yet appointed is Charles F. Holder, honorary curator. The institute is about to move into a new building in which increased facilities will be provided for the museum. SACRAMENTO: CALIFORNIA MUSEUM ASSOCIATION. STAFF. Curator, W. F. Jackson; 2 minor employees. ART. E. B. Crocker Art Gallery. Sculpture, 7; Paintings, 701, including 119 miniatures. HISTORY. A miscellaneous collection of 2ooo± unca taloged curios, relics, etc. MINERALS. 2879 specimens, collected for the most part by Dr. H. W. Harkness, and purchased by the state. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Crocker Art Gallery was erected in 1870-73, at a cost of $235,000, by Judge E. B. and Mrs. Margaret E. Crocker and filled with their private art collections accumulated during travels in Europe, especially during the Franco-Prussian war. In 1884 the California Museum Association was formed to gather a museum of art and science and to study matters relating to the re- sources of California. To aid in securing a hall for its purposes, it gave an art loan exhibition in the Art Gallery by the kindness of Mrs. Margaret E. Crocker, widow of Judge Crocker. During the exhibition Mrs. Crocker donated to the association the building and its contents, but later changed the gift so that the title is held by the city of Sacra- mento, with the California Museum Association as co-tenant and BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 25 administrator. The mineral collection is the property of the State of California. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Annual appropriations by the city, that for 1910 being $3000, exclusive of repairs. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to a joint board consisting of the mayor of the city and the directors of the California Museum Association. PUBLICATIONS. Catalogs of paintings and of minerals in the collections. ATTENDANCE. Open free to public every day in the week. Num- ber of visitors in 1909, 13,387. SAN FRANCISCO: CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Museum. STAFF. Director, Leverett Mills Loomis ; Curators, Edwin Cooper Van Dyke (entomology), Leverett Mills Loomis (ornithology), John Van Denburgh (herpetology), Frank M. Anderson (invertebrate paleontology), John Rowley (mammalogy), A. L. Kroeber (anthro- pology), Alice Eastwood (botany); Assistant curators, Edward Winslow Gifford (ornithology), Joseph C. Thompson (herpetology), Washington H. Ochsner (invertebrate paleontology) ; Assistants Charles Fuchs (entomology), Rollo H. Beck (ornithology), Joseph R. Slevin and John I. Carlson (herpetology). COLLECTIONS. With the exception of a few type specimens, the collections of the academy, including the library, were destroyed in the conflagration of April, 1906. Fortunately, at the time of the fire, the academy had an expedition at the Galapagos Islands, in its schooner ' ' Academy. ' ' This expedition returned to San Francisco on November 29, 1906, after an absence of seventeen months, bringing large collec- tions of plants, fossil and recent shells, insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals, which formed the nucleus of a new museum. These collec- tions have been extensively added to by the academy's collectors on the Pacific coast and in the Orient. The research collections of the academy now contain over 70,000 fossil and recent shells; large series of insects from the Galapagos Islands, the Aleutian Islands, and the Orient; over 12,000 reptiles, chiefly from the Galapagos Islands, China, Japan, Formosa, and the Philippine Islands; 17,000 birds, over half of which are water birds, including more than 1800 specimens of albatrosses and petrels. For an exhibition collection, elaborate habitat groups of the larger mammals of the Pacific coast are being prepared by Mr. John Rowley. 26 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS BUILDING. The academy has built a ten-story class "A" income building on the site of the old museum building on Market Street, and plans have been drawn for a museum building, which it is proposed to erect in Golden Gate Park. Work on the new museum building will be delayed until the beginning of next year, pending an amendment to the charter of San Francisco. LIBRARY. 14,000 volumes on natural history. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Memoirs. (2) Proceedings. (3) Occasional Papers. The reports of the Galapagos Expedition and a history of the academy will be the chief publications issued during the next few years. CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Museum. The museum contains over 20,000 minerals and rocks obtained solely by donation and exchange. The collection of ores from Cali- fornia mines is very extensive and is supplemented by characteristic ores from the principal mining districts of the world. There are also many models, maps, photographs, and diagrams illustrating the modern practice of mining, milling and concentrating, and the tech- nology of the mineral industries. An educational series of minerals for high schools has been recently inaugurated. The museum occupies about 7500 square feet of floor space for exhibition and is in charge of Percy K. Swan, curator. It is open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5, except Saturdays, when it closes at 12. The number of visitors is over 120,000 annually. MEMORIAL MUSEUM. (Golden Gate Park.) This museum was first opened to the public on March 23, 1895. The exhibits represent a value of at least $1,000,000 and include paintings, tapestries, antique furniture, arms and armor, art metals, the Bardwell collection of 700 Japanese wood and ivory carvings, and extensive collections in ethnology, mineralogy, forestry and produce, agriculture, and natural history. The museum maintains a reference library, and has in preparation a museum guide and catalog. The collections are in charge of Albert E. Gray, curator. Recent and detailed information has not been available since the fire of 1906. The museum has an annual attendance of over 500,000 visitors. SAN FRANCISCO INSTITUTE OF ART. STAFF. Director, Robert Howe Fletcher; Assistant secretary, John Ross Martin; 2 janitors. ART. Sculpture, 8; Prints and engravings, 94; Oil paintings, 50; Water colors, 3. These are the only portions of the Mark Hopkins BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 27 Institute of Art which escaped the earthquake and fire of 1906. The valuable Emanuel Walter collection has recently been received by bequest. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The property situated on California and Mason streets, formerly the residence of Mark Hopkins, was deeded to the board of regents of the University of California in 1893, by Mr. Edward F. Searles, for the purposes of "illustration of and instruction in the Fine Arts," under the title of the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art, with the agreement that the San Francisco Art Association be affiliated with the university and placed in charge of the premises and management of the institute. For thirteen years this organization carried on the work of the institute, including frequent exhibitions and lectures, the maintenance of a library and reading room, and the pub- lication of an illustrated magazine. The San Francisco Art Associa- tion had been founded in 1872, for the purpose of fostering a taste for art in the community, and had already conducted exhibitions and main- tained a school in its own rooms for twenty years. The earthquake and fire of 1906 destroyed the institute, with the exception of the collections noted above. After the earthquake Mr. Searles trans- ferred to the San Francisco Art Association what remained of the property of the Mark Hopkins Art Institute, including the insurance on the buildings, to be used for the maintenance of a new art insti- tute known as the San Francisco Institute of Art. The association retains its affiliation with the University of California. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The San Francisco Art Association, which conducts the Art Institute, derives its income from memberships, school tuition fees, and admission fees. Although affiliated with the University of California the association receives no financial aid from the university or the state, with the exception that it pays no taxes. BUILDING. A temporary building was erected in 1907 at a cost of $35,000 derived from the funds of the association. It provides 4500 square feet of floor space available for exhibition, and 9500 available for offices, workrooms, and for the School of Design. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to a board of direc- tors. SCOPE. The museum illustrates the fine arts, principally by exam- ples of paintings and drawings in all mediums, and by sculpture. The paintings and drawings are by artists of repute of all nationalities, principally of the last century. LIBRARY. The former library was totally destroyed. At present there are 392 volumes relating to art. The library is intended for the use of both staff and public.. 28 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS PUBLICATION. Art bulletins are issued at irregular intervals. ATTENDANCE. Three days each week are free to the public. On other days an admission fee of 25 cents is charged, except to members. All records of attendance were destroyed in 1906. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Anthropological Museum. STAFF. Director, F. W. Putnam; Curator and secretary, A. L. Kroeber; Museum assistant, Nels C. Nelson; Assistant secretary, Ethel G. Field; Preparators, A. Warburton and A. Poyser. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology and ethnology, of California, 14,717 ; of North America, 11,244; of South America, 10,715; of Eastern Hemis- phere and Pacific, 2182. Ancient and modern civilized peoples, 5360; Physical anthropology, 2171; Phonograph records, 1523. These figures are catalog entries, many of which represent several specimens. There is in addition a large Egyptian collection. ART. A number of modern paintings; a series of ancient Greek and Roman pieces of statuary; also plaster casts of same; vases, etc. All objects having anthropological as well as artistic relations are included in the statistics given under anthropology. The ancient marbles number 100; Greek vases, 180; modern paintings, 105. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum had its origin in archeological expeditions on behalf of the University of California, instituted and supported by Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst since 1899. The museum was organized in 1901 and moved to the present building in 1903. BUILDING. Erected for college use in 1898 at a cost of about $60,000, defrayed by the State of California. It is temporarily occupied by the museum and affords 11,000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 4000 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By the staff of the department of anthropology, responsible to the regents of the university. SCOPE. Equal stress is laid on exploration, research, college teaching, and publication. A special synoptic anthropological collec- tion for purposes of instruction, and a collection of casts illustrative of Greek and Roman art and architecture, both forming part of the organization of the museum, are displayed in a separate building on the university grounds at Berkeley. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Egyptian archeology, 2 volumes issued, 5 in preparation; (2) Graeco-Roman archeology, 2 volumes issued, i in preparation; (3) American archeology and ethnology, 7 volumes issued, 3 in preparation. ATTENDANCE. Open one afternoon a week to the public in parties BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2Q limited to 20 at one time and under supervision; to members of the university and to scholars daily except Sundays and holidays. SANTA CLARA: ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city and county jointly maintain a zoological park of 60 acres, established in 1891, containing 7 reptiles, 242 birds, and 134 mammals. SANTA CLARA COLLEGE. The college possesses teaching collections which include a paleon- tological museum, housed in the Literary Congress building, and a mineralogical cabinet. The paleontological museum consists of the Ward collection of casts, representing 529 species, and as many more original invertebrate and plant fossils. The collection of minerals includes 5 sets of crystal models, and about 4000 specimens of rocks, metals, ores, gums and resins, and the haloid minerals. There is also a complete set of corals, 2 relief maps, and a collection of charts, diagrams, etc. COLORADO BOULDER: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. Museum. STAFF. Curator, Junius Henderson; Student assistants. ANTHROPOLOGY. Ethnology, 5oo±. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 30oo± sheets; Phanerogams, io,ooo± sheets; Wood specimens, 50; Economic products, 50 jars; Fruits, 25; Seeds, 75 bottles; Riker mounts, 50; Unmounted specimens for ex- change, 3000. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 12,350, in storage, 2 tons; Rocks, 15,000; Relief maps, models, etc., 100. These collections con- tain a set of 600 specimens of characteristic ores of Colorado, particu- larly rich in tellurids, the Guggenheim systematic collection of min- erals, and the G. H. Stone collection of 140 specimens of typical rocks of the Cripple Creek region. LANTERN SLIDES, ETC. There is a large collection of biological, geological, and scenic slides and negatives, with many prints therefrom arranged in swinging cabinets. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 3ooo±, in storage, 3o,ooo±, types and figured specimens, 60; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 50, figured specimens, 3; Plants, on exhibition, 200, in storage, 2500^ 30 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS types and figured specimens, 49. Among the plant and invertebrate material not yet worked up, there are undoubtedly many new species. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 407, in storage, i5,ooo±, types and figured specimens, 2; Insects, on exhibition, 50 Riker mounts and 2 display cases, in storage, 2ooc±; Other invertebrates, 50; Fishes, on exhibition, 250, in storage, 2ooo±, types and figured specimens, i; Batrachians, on exhibition, 10, in storage, 50; Reptiles, on exhibi- tion, 5, in storage, 50; Birds, on exhibition, 245, in storage, 4oo±; Mammals, on exhibition, 47, in storage, 150; Bird nests, on exhibition, 53, in storage, 55; Bird eggs, on exhibition, 140, in storage, 667. HISTORICAL SKETCH. This museum originated in 1902, with the appointment of the present curator and the provision of display cases for material belonging to the biological departments, hitherto stored. In 1909, the curator was for the first time regularly employed to give his whole time to the work, with the rank and pay of a full professor. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. A yearly appropriation, optional with the regents of the university. BUILDING. At present the collections are housed in the Hale Scientific Building, but a museum building is soon to be erected. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator who is responsible to the board of regents of the university. SCOPE. The collections are used chiefly for teaching purposes. Much stress is laid on exploration and research by the curator and heads of the scientific departments, the most notable work having been done upon the tertiary fauna and flora of Florissant, the cretaceous faunas of northern Colorado, and the botany of Colorado. PUBLICATIONS. Papers based upon museum material have been published in technical magazines, proceedings of learned societies and the University of Colorado Studies. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public during the academic year from 8 to 5, and on application at the office during vacations. COLORADO SPRINGS: COLORADO COLLEGE. The college maintains in Palmer Hall the following collections, in charge of Edward R. Warren, director, open to the public on week- days from 2 to 5. ANTHROPOLOGY. The anthropological department contains a large amount of pottery from Missouri, New Mexico, and Peru, the Bixby- Lang and Deane collections from the cliff dwellings, and a collection BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 31 of Egyptian antiquities received from the Egyptian Exploration Society, of which the college is a member. MINERALOGY. The collection in mineralogy includes 1450 speci- mens of common, commercial, and rare minerals. PALEONTOLOGY. The foundation for the collection in vertebrate paleontology was laid by the purchase of the collections of Professor Cragin, consisting of about 8000 specimens, containing the types of many new species and some new genera of fossils. Among the types the most important is the large plesiosaurian reptile Trinacromerum, described from the cretaceous of Kansas in 1888. The collections include also an extensive series of casts of fossil vertebrates, including a megatherium and a restoration of the mammoth. Invertebrate paleontology is represented by specimens illustrating the geological record and by a series of casts of noted specimens. Paleobotany is represented by 2 cases of carboniferous, cretaceous and oligocene plant remains. ZOOLOGY. The collections in invertebrate zoology comprise repre- sentatives of the different groups, including a large series of the butter- flies and moths of Colorado, mounted in Denton tablets, and a repre- sentative series of the Myxomycetes of Colorado. The vertebrate collections comprise the W. S. Stratton collection, containing 29 species of fishes, 23 species of reptiles, 442 species of birds, and 170 mammals; the Aiken collection of Colorado and other birds, presented by Gen. Wm. J. Palmer; and the Warren collection of 50 Colorado mammals. DENVER: COLORADO MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. (City Park.) STAFF. Director, J. D. Figgins; Curators, Victor H. Borcherdt (mammals), L. J. Hersey (ornithology), E. J. Osier (entomology), W. S. Ward, (geology and art); Taxidermist-in-chief, Victor H. Borcherdt; Assistants in taxidermy, cabinet makers, watchmen, firemen, etc. ART. Prints and engravings, 52; Oil paintings, 74; Water colors, 3 ; Ceramics, 250. There are also extensive loan collections of Japanese and Chinese art. BOTANY. A beginning has been made in botanical collection but no material is as yet on exhibition. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY, i miniature gold mine; i case of steel products, 1200 pieces; i case of miner's tools, 13 pieces; i case of marbles, 125 pieces; i case of carborundum products, 400 pieces; i case of graphite and elaterite; i case of petroleum products, crude and 32 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS finished, 175 pieces; 3 cases of varieties of coal, 400 pieces; i case of wicker baskets, 100 pieces; i case of Philippine hats and head-gear, 75 pieces; i case of necklaces, pottery, and baskets from South America. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 6300, in storage, 5000. The collection contains unique specimens of gold leaf and wire of consider- able intrinsic value. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 400; Insects (lepidoptera), on exhibition, 5000, in storage, 50,000, including 250 co-types of lepidoptera and 250 co-types of coleoptera; Birds, mounted single specimens, 145, groups, 22; Mammals, on exhibition, 64, in storage, 53. 6 large groups of mammals are mounted in natural surroundings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. Founded in 1902, with the purchase of the collection of O. E. Carter, for which the sum of $10,000 was paid. At the same time, $15,000 was subscribed by enthusiastic citizens for the purpose of erecting a building to house the collections. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An optional appropriation from the city of $20,000 per annum, supplemented by private contributions. BUILDING. Erected in 1906, at a cost of $107,000, paid for by public funds and private subscription. The building affords about 23,289 square feet of floor space available for exhibition, and about 5000 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a board of 25 trustees, of which the mayor is a member ex-officio, acting through an executive committee. SCOPE. The purpose of the museum is instruction of the public by exhibition primarily of the natural history of Colorado, and second- arily of art and industry. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily from 10 to 5 (except Sunday forenoon) . The total attendance averages 1 2,000 per month. COLORADO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY. (1510 Court Place.) This society maintains a small museum in its rooms, under the care of Rebecca M. Riddle, assistant secretary. The collections in- clude about 2000 minerals and 1000 rocks, chiefly Colorado material; a good collection of meteorites; a unique collection of arsenic ores from Arizona; and about 700 fossils. A library of 5000 volumes and 10,000 pamphlets, dealing chiefly with geology, metallurgy, engineering, etc., is also open to the public. DENVER ARTISTS CLUB. (Public Library.) This society has an exhibition hall on the top floor of the public library building, where it holds about six exhibitions of loan pictures annually, and hopes ultimately to maintain a permanent exhibition. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 33 EAST SIDE HIGH SCHOOL. This school maintains an educational museum in charge of G. L. Cannon and Ellsworth Bethel, instructors in biology. The collec- tions comprise about 10,000 specimens, chiefly Colorado material, including rocks, minerals, fossils, plants, birds, marine invertebrates, and archeological material. This collection is located on the upper floor of the school building and is open to the public during school hours. STATE BOARD OF HORTICULTURE. This board maintains a small museum in its rooms in the base- ment of the capitol building, in charge of Mrs. Martha Shute, assis- tant secretary. The collections include agricultural and horticultural products of Colorado; exhibits of injurious insects; and native flower- ing plants. STATE BUREAU OF MINES. The bureau maintains in the capitol a collection of the minerals and ores of the state, arranged by counties ; a general series of economic minerals and mineral products; the Ellsner collection of minerals from all parts of the world. STATE HISTORICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. This society maintains extensive collections in ethnology, zoology, paleontology, and botany, as well as many objects identified with the pioneer period in the history of the state. The department of ethnology includes over 4000 articles from the cliff dwellings. The collections in ornithology include nearly 500 mounts and about 2100 skins of Colorado birds. In other branches of zoology there is a good representation of Colorado mammals, together with some 8000 local insects and about 7500 marine and fresh- water invertebrates. In paleontology there is a large collection of fossils from the Florissant beds. The herbarium comprises the Ellsworth Bethel botanical collection of 20,000 specimens, rich in cryptogamic material, especially fungi. The museum is housed in the rooms of the society in the state capitol, and was opened to the public in 1906. It is supported by funds appropriated by the General Assembly, and is administered for the benefit of the general public under the charge of Jerome C. Smiley, curator, and Horace G. Smith, assistant. The society maintains a library of about 30,000 books, pam- phlets, files of newspapers, etc., including the Edward B. Morgan collec- tion of Colorado material. 34 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS WAR RELIC DEPARTMENT. This department maintains a museum, in charge of W. W. Fer- guson, custodian. The collections include over 3000 articles of histori- cal interest, housed at present in the state house, but soon to be removed to a new building in course of erection in May, 1910. The nu- cleus of the museum is a collection made by Cecil A. Deane, and trans- ferred in 1895 to the state. Admission is free, and the attendance has been estimated at 50,000 a year. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park, established in 1897, con- taining 200 birds and 155 mammals. FORT COLLINS: STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. Museum. The collections, which are rich in local material, are in charge of the heads of the several departments and comprise a small collection in ethnology; 7000 botanical specimens, including 1000 species of Colorado phanerogams and 300 species of Colorado fungi ; small working collections of minerals and rocks, and about 1000 specimens of ores; 550 specimens in paleontology; and an extensive zoological collection, including 2000 shells, 80,000 insects, 500 other invertebrates, 20 fishes, 50 batrachians, 75 reptiles, 1200 birds, and 125 mammals. GOLDEN: COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES. Mineralogical Museum. This museum is in charge of H. B. Patton, professor of geology and mineralogy and, although used primarily for instruction, is open free to the public. COLLECTIONS. Minerals: a synoptic collection of 370; a working collection of 2i,ooo±; a display collection of 1305; a supplementary collection of 950; the Patton collection of 970; and a crystal collection of 1800. Rocks: a synoptic collection of 1800; a working collection of 748; a United States geological survey educational series of 156; and the Patton collection of 1700. Fossils: a display collection of 342; and a miscellaneous collection of 1360. Many of the Colorado min- erals are of special interest, more particularly the zeolites of Table Mountain, Golden. The school also possesses a museum of applied chemistry, including mounted specimens of raw materials, main products, by-products, and waste products of the various branches of technical chemistry and metallurgy, and a metallurgical collection of models illustrating the best types of furnaces in this and other countries. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 35 GREELEY: STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. The school has undertaken the organization of museums for teaching purposes in connection with its several departments of study. A bulletin describing the collections was issued in May, 1908. CONNECTICUT HARTFORD : CONNECTICUT HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The secretary and librarian reports that the society maintains a small museum, of which he is the custodian, but no further information regarding the collections has been received. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. (Broad St.) The seminary is the custodian of the large collection of ethno- graphical specimens collected by missionaries of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, with which are included similar articles belonging to the seminary itself. It also possesses the Paton Palestinian ethnological collection; and has a full set of lan- tern slides illustrating the archeology, geography, and ethnology of Palestine. TRINITY COLLEGE. Museum. The collections include a fair representation of the minerals; the Ward collections of rocks; rocks of the New York series, and of the stratigraphical series; a local herbarium; a few cases of Indian and other relics; Ward's collection of fossils and casts of fossils; a fair representa- tion of vertebrates, including some good mammalian skeletons; small local collections of insects, the fauna of Long Island Sound, Blaschka models of Hydrozoa, and a large collection of unidentified shells. These collections are in charge of the professor of natural history, and though used primarily for college purposes, are open to visitors. WADSWORTH ATHENEUM. STAFF. Chief curator, Frank Butler Gay; Curators, John H> Sage (natural history), Henry D. Miller (mineralogy), Albert Hastings Pitkin (ceramics). COLLECTIONS. The art collections include paintings, ceramics, firearms, statuary, etc. Among the artists represented are Lawrence, Gainsborough, Raeburn, Morland, Constable, Ostade, Heernskerk, Van der Neer, Weenix, Van der Heist, Corot, Troyon, Jacque Lhermitte, Pasini, Isabey, Clays, Mesdag, Dupre, Copley, Trumbull, Stewart, 36 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS Cole, Inness, Wyant, and others. There is also a collection of early books and prints to illustrate the development of printed pictures, made by William C. Prime. In a portion of the building known as the Morgan Memorial is a remarkable collection of tapestries loaned by Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan. The natural history collections include an especially choice collec- tion of Connecticut Valley birds, bird eggs, shells, minerals, etc. Data concerning the building and financial support have not been received. LITCHFIELD: LITGHFIELD HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society maintains a museum of local history, including war relics; old china, furniture, tools, coins, articles of clothing, etc.; autographs, portraits, and medals; and a library of books of local inter- est, files of newspapers, etc. These collections occupy about 2250 square feet of floor space in a building erected by Mrs. Emily N. Vanderpool, in memory of her son. The museum is in charge of Mrs. Vanderpool, curator, and is open to the public on week-days in summer and twice a week in winter. MERIDEN: MERIDEN SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. The association possesses a geological and mineralogical collec- tion of about 3000 specimens. MIDDLETOWN: MIDDLESEX COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society has a museum of about 2000 articles of historical interest, military, naval, civil, religious, and ethnological, pertaining mainly to the county, state, and the United States, in charge of A. R. Crittenden, curator. It also has a library of 2500 or more volumes with many pamphlets, documents, letters, and historical engravings, in charge of Frances M. Pelton, librarian. WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY. Museum. STAFF. Curator, — — . ANTHROPOLOGY. 34oo± specimens, rich in material illustrating the life of American Indians, largely from localities in New England, from burial mounds near Chattanooga, and from California. There is also a large collection from China, the South Sea Islands, and Africa. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 37 BOTANY. Cryptogams, 30o±; Phanerogams, io,ooo±; Speci- mens of wood, alcoholic specimens of fungi, and miscellaneous botani- cal specimens, 1500^. j GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, yoooi, in storage, io,ooo±; Rocks, on exhibition, iooo±, in storage, iooo±. There is a collec- tion of dynamic geology, illustrating systematically the work of atmos- pheric, aqueous, organic, and igneous agencies. The minerals are rich in material from Middletown, Portland, arid Haddam. NUMISMATICS. yooo± coins and medals. Among these are 2ooo± Chinese coins, many of which are ancient and rare, presented by Rev. M. L. Taft; a collection of historical medals and facsimilies of Greek and Roman coins (with some originals), numbering iooo± specimens, presented by Stephen H. Olin. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, io,ooo±, in storage, 40oo± ; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 2ooo±; Plants, on exhibi- tion, 2ooo±, in storage, 5oo±. These collections include a fine repre- sentation of fishes from the triassic shales of Durham and Guilford, Conn., and considerable material from the Green River beds of Fossil, Wyoming; also casts of Megatherium and other large fossil verte- brates. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 30,000^, in storage, 6o,ooo±; Insects, on exhibition, 2ooo±, in storage, 3Ooo±; Other inverte- brates, on exhibition, yoooi, in storage, 3ooo±; Fishes, on exhibition, 1 5oo±, in storage, 5oo±; Batrachians, on exhibition, 2Oo±; Reptiles, on exhibition, 5oo±, in storage, ioo±; Birds, on exhibition, iooo±, in storage, yooi; Mammals, on exhibition, 4oo±. These collections include full representations of the vertebrates of North America and of the marine invertebrates of the New England coast. The large collection of shells was obtained chiefly by the purchase of the collec- tion of Dr. Simeon Shurtlefl. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The collection of museum material was commenced at the time of the founding of the university in 1831. John Johnston, professor of natural science for many years in the early history of the college, collected many specimens from the rich minera- logical localities in the vicinity of Middletown. The Franckfort collection, rich in minerals from European localities, was purchased in 1858, and the Shurtleff collection of shells, birds, etc., was purchased in 1868. In 1871, George Brown Goode became connected with the museum, which owes much to his energy as a collector and to his genius as a museum administrator. Since 1893, Mr. Loper, the recent curator, has made extensive collections of fossils in the vicinity of 38 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS Middletown, Valcour Island, Nova Scotia, Maryland, Colorado, and Wyoming. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum has no separate endowment, salaries being paid from the funds of the university. Money for occa- sional purchase of specimens has usually been raised by special sub- scription. BUILDING. The two upper stories of the natural science building, Orange Judd Hall, are used for the museum. 11,000 square feet of floor space is available for exhibition, and 2ooo± for offices, work- rooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. Under the control of the board of trustees of the university. SCOPE. The collections are chiefly used for college teaching, but some emphasis is laid upon instruction of the general public and of pupils of the public schools. PUBLICATIONS. From 1876 to 1892 an annual report was pub- lished, giving lists of accessions and other information. Since that date, the important facts in regard to the museum have been given in the semi-annual bulletins of the university. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on Wednesday and Satur- day afternoons, and at other times on special application ; to students of the university, at all times. NEW BRITAIN: NEW BRITAIN INSTITUTE. This library possesses 8 oil paintings, 3 of which were purchased from the Talcott Art fund; and a collection of 157 mounted birds, not yet arranged for exhibition. They are to receive, as soon as accommodations can be prepared, 1480 named and classified minerals, 500 shells, and 500 fossils. NEW HAVEN: NEW HAVEN COLONY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (144 Grove St. ) This society possesses an unclassified collection of Indian flints and arrowheads, and objects, documents and prints relating to local history, in charge of Frederick Bostwick, curator. The society also possesses a library of 7000 volumes and 8000 pamphlets relating to historical and genealogical subjects. YALE UNIVERSITY. School of the Fine Arts. The school maintains an art museum in charge of John F. Weir, director, and George H. Langzettel, assistant curator. The collections BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 39 include the Jarves gallery of Italian art numbering 122 paintings, dating from the nth to the lyth centuries; the Trumbull gallery of historical portraits and other works of modern art; a collection of original sketches by the old masters; about 150 casts and marbles representative of Greek and renaissance art; a valuable collection of old Chinese porcelain and bronzes; an extensive series of Belgian wood carvings of the iyth century, the confessionals and wainscoting of an old chapel in Ghent; and a considerable collection of autotypes. There is also an art library containing technical handbooks and the principal English, French, and German art periodicals in complete sets, besides collections of etchings and engravings. The museum is open free to the public from October i to July i on week-days from i to 5, and on Sundays from November i to May i from 1.30 to 4.30. During the summer vacation the galleries are open from 9 to i and 2 to 5, when a fee of 25 cents is charged. This fee is also charged when special loan exhibitions are organized, in order to meet incidental expenses. YALE UNIVERSITY. Botanical Garden. The garden was established in 1900 on the estate of the late Prof. Othniel C. Marsh, who bequeathed • the place to the university for this purpose. It is connected with the Yale Forest School and is under the care of James W. Tourney, director. YALE UNIVERSITY. The Eaton Herbarium. This collection was given by the family of the late Prof. Daniel C. Eaton in 1896, in accordance with his wishes, on condition that a suitable fireproof room be provided for it on or before October i, 1896, and that proper provision be made for its care and preservation ; also that it be kept as a separate collection, or else that the sheets be marked with some distinguishing stamp or label, as "The Eaton Herbarium." YALE UNIVERSITY. Peabody Museum of Natural History. STAFF. Curators, A. E. Verrill (zoology), Edward S. Dana (miner- alogy), Charles Schuchert (geology), G. F. Eaton (osteology), G. G. MacCurdy (anthropology); Associate curators, R. S. Lull and G. F. Eaton (vertebrate paleontology); Lecturer on paleobotany, G. R. Wieland; Chief preparator, Hugh Gibb; 2 preparators, 2 museum assis- tants, i librarian, and i janitor. ANTHROPOLOGY. A general collection, comprising stone imple- ments, the Moseley collection of Indian baskets, Panama pottery, i Mexican calendar stone, the Prudden collection of material from the ancient pueblos and cliff dwellings of the southwest United States, the 40 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS Hoppin Eskimo exhibit and other smaller series. Much of the mate- rial was presented to the university by Professor Marsh. GEOLOGY. The mineral collection is one of the best in America; it was begun in 1804 by Professor Silliman and later developed by Professors James D. Dana and Edward S. Dana. It comprises a systematic series and several special collections, including the Gibbs collection, purchased in 1825; famous collections of meteorites includ- ing the Gibbs iron from Texas, the Weston meteorite, nearly 1000 specimens from the great shower of 1890 in Winnebago County, Iowa, and the Hubert A. Newton collection. PALEONTOLOGY. These collections consist of 6500 drawers of study vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant fossils, besides two rooms of exhibition specimens, brought together in the main by Professors O. C. Marsh and Charles E. Beecher since 1866, when the former was ap- pointed professor of paleontology. Nearly all of this material is from America and chiefly from the Rocky Mountain and Great Plains regions. Among the more important fossil vertebrates are the triassic, Jurassic, and cretaceous dinosaurs, the toothed birds from the creta- ceous, the largest of pterodactyls (Pteranodon) , Archelon, the largest of marine turtles, and an extensive series of tertiary mammals, among which is the famous Marsh collection of American fossil horses that formed the basis of Huxley's lectures in 1876. Among the inverte- brates is the unique series of trilobites, preserving the antennae and the ventral limbs, and three large slabs of crinoids from the paleozoic and cretaceous. Of fossil cycads from the Jurassic of South Dakota there are more than 500, preserving not only the microscopic structure of the trunk but as well the unemerged flower buds. ZOOLOGY. Nearly all of the extensive collections are the work of Professor Verrill. Among the invertebrates, mention may be made of the corals (one of the most extensive collections in the country) and the nearly complete collection of the marine invertebrates of New England. HISTORICAL SKETCH. In 1866, George Peabody, of London, but of Massachusetts birth, entrusted to a board of trustees, selected by himself, the sum of $150,000 to found and maintain a museum of natural history, especially in the departments of zoology, geology, and mineralogy, in connection with Yale College. Of this sum, $100,000 was devoted by Mr. Peabody to the erection, on land to be given for that purpose by the president and fellows of Yale College, of a fire- proof building, planned with special reference to its subsequent enlarge- ment, to be, when completed, the property of Yale College. Of the BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 41 remainder of the gift, $20,000 was set apart to accumulate as a building fund, and $30,000 to meet by its income from investment the expenses attending the care of the museum, the increase of its collections, and the general interests of the departments of science before named. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An income of $30,000 from the original Peabody endowment, supplemented by liberal annual appropriations from the university. BUILDING. In 1876, the first wing of the museum — the part now standing — was completed and furnished with cases at a cost of $175,000 the whole outlay being met by the accumulated building fund. The central part of the projected structure and the south wing remain to be built whenever the means available for the purpose shall be ade- quate. ADMINISTRATION. By a self-perpetuating board of trustees. SCOPE. The primary purposes of the museum are research, university teaching, and public instruction. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days throughout the year from 9 to 5, and on Sundays from November to May from 1.30 to 4.30. YALE UNIVERSITY. Steinert Collection. Of special interest to all students of music is the M. Steinert collection of musical instruments and manuscripts. It contains a large number of ancient keyed and stringed instruments in a state of excellent preservation, and shows the development of these instruments during a period extending over several centuries. This collection, which also contains a number of ecclesiastical manuscripts, is of much historical importance. It was given to the university by Mr. Morris Steinert of New Haven and is kept in Memorial Hall. Open to the public on Sunday afternoons in winter; at other times accessible upon inquiry at the office of University Dining Hall. NEW LONDON: NEW LONDON HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society is said to maintain a collection of historical relics in the Shaw Mansion purchased for this purpose by public subscrip- tion. STORKS: CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. The college maintains collections for teaching purposes, including about 75 Indian implements; 700 minerals; 900 specimens of historical 42 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS and economic geology; 500 fossils; 1500 botanical specimens represent- ing the flora of Connecticut; and a zoological collection of about 10,000 specimens, including a good collection of insects, a good collection of birds, particularly warblers, and a general synoptic collection in which the gastropods are best represented. The museum is in charge of G. H. Lamson, Jr., and occupies about 300 square feet of floor space in the main building of the college. DELAWARE NEWARK: DELAWARE COLLEGE. The college has teaching collections including 250 fossils; 600 minerals; 300 specimens of economic and historical geology; 200 invertebrate animals from the National Museum, and 200 collected locally; 200 vertebrates; and 1500 botanical specimens. WILMINGTON: HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF DELAWARE. (924 Market St.) The assistant librarian reports that the society maintains a museum, but no further information has been received. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DELAWARE. This society possesses a botanical collection of about . 7000 spe- cimens, made by the late William M. Canby. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 10 acres, established in 1905, containing 3 reptiles, 32 birds, and 35 mammals. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WASHINGTON: ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. A collection, consisting mainly of human pathology, with a depart- ment devoted to military and general hygiene, is maintained by an annual appropriation from Congress. The museum issues catalogs and occasional reports, is open free to the public, and is administered by a curator, Major F. F. Russell, and an assistant curator, Capt. Chas. F. Craig, responsible to the surgeon-general of the United States army. Three assistants, who are graduates in medicine, an^ two labor- ers make up the working force of the museum. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 43 CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA. Professor Henry Hyvernat reports that the recent transfer and impending reorganization of the university museum make it impossible to give a report at present. The university is said by Merrill to possess a botanical collection of over 30,000 specimens, especially rich in plants of the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific coast, gathered by Professor Edward L. Greene, and containing types of several hundred species described by him. CORCORAN GALLERY OF ART. STAFF. Director, Frederick B. McGuire; Assistant director, C. Powell Minnigerode; i clerk and stenographer, i janitor, i engineer, i foreman, 7 guards and attendants and 3 char-women. ART. Sculpture, about 350 pieces, including original marbles, casts of antique, renaissance, and modern sculpture, and 107 original Barye bronzes; Prints and engravings, the St. Memim collection of 820 engraved portraits; Oil paintings, 28o±; Water colors, 15; Cloisonne, 6 pieces; Porcelains and glass, 15 pieces; Electrotype reproductions, 141 pieces. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The art gallery and school were founded and endowed by the late William Wilson Corcoran in 1869, and opened to the public in 1874 in the building on the corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and 1 7th Street. The gallery was opened in the new building in 1897.. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Annual income : from endowment, $35,000; from the art school, about $5000; from admission fees, about $3000. BUILDING. Erected in 1893-7, at a cost of $650,000, paid from the endowment fund. About 35,000 square feet of floor space is available for exhibition purposes, and about 4000 for offices, work- rooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to a board of trustees. SCOPE. In connection with the gallery there is a free art school with classes in drawing and painting from the cast, life, etc., also por- trait and still-life classes. The students number about 300. Loan collections and special exhibitions are placed in the gallery from time to time. LIBRARY. 1000 volumes on the fine arts, used chiefly as a reference library by members of the staff and students of the school. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Annual reports. (2) Catalogs of the perman- ent collection. (3) Catalogs of special exhibitions. 44 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ATTENDANCE. The gallery is closed to the public every summer for necessary renovation. It is open during the remainder of the year, as follows: From November i to July i, on Sundays from 1.30 to 4.30, on Mondays from 12 to 4, on other days from 9 to 4. Admission is free, except on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, when an entrance fee of 25 cents is charged. The total attendence for the year 1908 was 133,973, including 10,427 pay admissions, and 123,546 free admissions. GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY. The Coleman Museum. STAFF. Curator, Francis A. Tondorf ; Assistants, C. J. Ramage, John Langdale, Edward Connelly. ANTHROPOLOGY. 1400 specimens, including a complete series of Indian remains from the District of Columbia, and fine collections from Alaska and the Philippine Islands. ART. Oil paintings by ancient and modern masters; valuable engravings; prints and photographs; and the Beauchamp Hughes collection of laces, pictures, ancient manuscripts, bronzes, china, and bric-a-brac. BOTANY. A herbarium of about 300 specimens, representing the flora of the District of Columbia. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 3 130, in storage, 400+ ; Rocks, on exhibition, 1500, in storage, 300+; Relief maps, models, etc., 5. The collections include a complete representation of local minerals and rocks. HISTORY. A collection of 120 Maryland colonial relics is con- tained in a special room intended for the exhibition of Maryland history. NUMISMATICS. A complete set of pontifical medals, and foreign and domestic coins. PALEONTOLOGY. About 1 200 fossils, including several fine tusks of the mammoth from Alaska. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 3164, in storage, 4oo±, types and figured specimens, 100+ ; Birds, on exhibition, 1020, eggs, 1300. nests, 88; Mammals ioo±. 10 small groups are exhibited in natural surroundings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. In 1840 the collections had become suf- ficiently extensive to warrant the setting apart of a special room for their exhibition. In 1889 they were transferred to Coleman Hall in the main building. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Maintained by university funds. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 45 BUILDING. The collections occupy the north pavilion of the main building, to which has been given the name, Coleman Hall; 2440 square feet of floor space is available for exhibition. SCOPE. Research, college teaching, and instruction of the general public. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily from 9 to 5. The number of visitors is estimated at 5000 annually. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL. The Medical School now has, in charge of F. F. Russell, professor of pathology and bacteriology, the teaching collection of human pathology which formerly belonged to the Columbian University. HOWARD UNIVERSITY. The department of biology and geology possesses teaching col- lections including a phanerogamic herbarium of about 7500 speci- mens, chiefly flora of the District of Columbia, with a general collection of about 2000 plants from the United States and Mexico, and 23 fascicles of native plants issued by the United States department of agriculture; about 1200 minerals and rocks; about 2000 invertebrates; and about 500 vertebrates, including 12 groups mounted in natural surroundings, and a good collection of skeletons in comparative anat- omy. These collections are maintained from the general appropria- tion for the department, are used for teaching purposes, and are in charge of R. E. Schuh, professor of biology and geology. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. STAFF. Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, keeper ex officio Charles D. Walcott; Assistant secretary, in charge of the museum, Richard Rathbun ; Administrative assistant, W. de C. Ravenel. Depart- ment of anthropology: Head curator, William H. Holmes; Curators, Walter Hough (ethnology), Ales Hrdlicka (physical anthropology), William H. Holmes (prehistoric archeology), J. M. Flint (medicine), A. Howard Clark (history); Assistant curators, I. M. Casanowicz (his- toric archeology), George C. Maynard (technology), T. T. Belote (history) ; Custodians, Paul Brockett (graphic arts), T. W. Smillie (pho- tography); Collaborators, J. W. Fewkes (ethnology), J. D. McGuire (prehistoric archeology); Aids, T. F. Lane (physical anthropology), E. P. Upham (prehistoric archeology); Associates, Paul Haupt and Cyrus Adler (historic archeology) . Department of biology: Head cura- tor, Frederick W. True; Chief of exhibits, James E. Benedict; Cura- tors, Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. (mammals), Robert Ridgway (birds), 46 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS Leonhard Stejneger (reptiles and batrachians), B. W. Evermann (fishes), William H. Ball (mollusks) , L. O. Howard (insects), Richard Rathbun (marine invertebrates), Frederick V. Coville (plants— Nat- ional Herbarium) ; Associate curator, J. N. Rose (plants — National Herbarium) ; Assistant curators, N. Hollister (mammals), Charles W. Richmond (birds), Barton A. Bean (fishes), Paul Bartsch (mollusks), J. C. Crawford (insects), Mary J. Rathbun and Austin H. Clark (marine invertebrates), W. R. Maxon and P. C. Standley (plants- National Herbarium) , O. F. Cook (cryptogamic collections — National Herbarium); Custodians, O. F. Cook (myriapoda), D. W. Coquillett (diptera), E. A. Schwarz (coleoptera), Harrison G. Dyar (lepidop- tera), A. N. Caudell (orthoptera), Nathan Banks (arachnida), Otto Heidemann (hemiptera), C. W. Stiles (helminthological col- lections), W. T. Swingle (higher algae — National Herbarium), D. G. Fairchilds (lower fungi — National Herbarium); Assistant custodian, B. H. Ransom (helminthological collections); Collaborators, Mary Breen (mollusks), Harriet Richardson (marine invertebrates); Aids, J. H. Riley (birds), R. G. Paine (reptiles and batrachians), Alfred C. Weed (fishes), William B. Marshall (mollusks), Paul R. Myers (in- sects) ; Associates, Theodore N. Gill, C. Hart Merriam, W. L. Abbott, and Edgar A. Mearns (zoology), Edward L. Greene and John Don- nell Smith (botany). Department of geology: Head curator, George P. Merrill; Curators, George P. Merrill (physical and chemical geol- ogy), F. W. Clarke (mineralogy), R. S. Bassler (invertebrate pale- ontology) ; Associate curators, W. H. Ball (invertebrate paleontology — cenozoic collection), David White (paleobotany) ; Assistant cura- tors, F. B. Laney (physical and chemical geology), Joseph E. Pogue, Jr. (mineralogy), Lancaster D. Burling (invertebrate paleontology); Custodians, T. W. Stanton (invertebrate paleontology — mesozoic collection), T. Wayland Vaughan (madreporarian corals), James W. Gidley (mammalian collection), Charles W. Gilmore (reptilian col- lection), F. H. Knowlton (mesozoic plants); Aid, A. C. Peale (paleo- botany); Associates, L. T. Chamberlain (mineralogy), Charles A. White (paleontology), Lester F. Ward (paleobotany). Department of mineral technology: Curator, Charles D. Walcott. National Gallery of Art: Curator, William H. Holmes. Administrative staff: Chief of correspondence and documents, R. I. Geare; Disbursing agent, W. I. Adams; Superintendent of construction and labor, J. S. Gold- smith; Editor, Marcus Benjamin; Editorial clerk, E. S. Steele; Assist- ant librarian, N. P. Scudder; Photographer, T. W. Smillie; Registrar, S. C. Brown; Property clerk, W. A. Knowles. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 47 COLLECTIONS. The readjustment and moving of the collections necessitated by the construction of a new building prevents the com- pilation of statistics regarding the collections. The total number of specimens in all branches of natural history amounts to several millions, the annual accretion during several years having averaged about a quarter of a million specimens. An enumer- ation of the type specimens has not recently been made, but the number is exceptionally large. These natural history collections have been received in greater part from government surveys and explorations, and are richest in material from North America . Many other parts of the world are also well represented in one subject or another, especially Central America, the Philippines, Malaysia, and some portions of Europe, Africa, and South America. The deep-water zoological collections from both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans are the most extensive and important in existence. The National Gallery of Art, as the department of fine arts is designated, has come into prominence during the past four years through the bequest of Harriet Lane Johnston, and the gifts of Charles L. Freer and William T. Evans, consisting mainly of paintings and oriental pottery, valued at not less than one and one-half million dollars. The department of arts and industries, the proper development of which has been delayed by lack of space, but is now rendered pos- sible by the new building, has had on exhibition the most complete collections of firearms in this country, boat and railroad models, electrical apparatus, t-ime-keeping and measuring devices, ceramics, graphic arts, laces, embroideries, etc. Large collections of other sub- jects are in storage. The historical collection is rich in materials illustrative of periods and of important events and personages connected with the history of the United States from the colonial period. HISTORICAL SKETCH. By congressional act of August 10, 1846, founding the Smithsonian Institution, that establishment was made the custodian of the national collections in both nature and art. The museum branch was definitely organized in 1850, the title "United States National Museum" being authoritatively given by congress in 1875. During the first few years the expenses of the museum were wholly met from the Smithsonian fund, and it was not until 1878 that the government began to provide entirely for its maintenance, through annual congressional appropriations. 48 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS Among important early sources of collections may be mentioned the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838 to 1842, the Perry Expedition to Japan, the North Pacific Exploring Expedition of the Navy, the railroad and wagon road surveys by the Army in connection with the opening up of the far west , the Canadian and Mexican boundary surveys, certain geological explorations, and the work of the Coast Survey in Alaskan wraters, besides many expeditions organized or assisted by the Smithsonian Institution. Of more recent date are the investigations of the Bureau of Fisheries, the Geological Survey, the Bureau of American Ethnology, and the Bureaus of Plant Industry, Entomology, and Biological Survey of the Department of Agriculture. Of private donors, some of whom have made gifts of great extent and value, the list is very long. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By congressional appropriations, that for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1909, amounting to $318,080. For the fiscal year ending in 1910, the appropriation amounts to $565,500, the increased amount being called for by the approaching occupancy of the new building. BUILDINGS. The Smithsonian building, completed in 1857, at an expense of over $300,000, and designed in part for the museum, was, as early as 1872, turned over entirely to museum purposes, with the exception of the east wing, retained for the use of the institution proper. A separate building of brick, called for by the increase of the collections and having a main floor area of 103,000 square feet, was finished in 1 88 1, at an initial cost of $250,000. There is now nearly completed, and in small part already occupied, a third building of granite, having a frontage of 560 feet and a floor area of about 10 acres, which has cost $3,500,000. It is intended for the departments of natural history, and will also temporarily house the National Gallery of Art, while the older buildings will be used for the collections of arts and industries. These buildings are all located on the Mall, between 9th and i2th streets. ADMINISTRATION. The governing body of the Smithsonian Insti- tution, and consequently of the National Museum, is a board of regents, comprising the vice-president and the chief-justice of the United States as ex officio members, three members of the United States Senate, three members of the House of Representatives, and six citizens at large. The authority of the board is exercised through its executive officer, the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. SCOPE. The museum is charged with three principal obligations, namely, the care and preservation of the national collections, research work in naming and classifying the specimens, and the promotion of BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 49 education by the exhibition of such material as is suitable for that purpose. The interests of education are also subserved by the distri- bution of duplicate specimens to the higher grades of schools and col- leges throughout the country. Very little field work is undertaken directly by the museum. Four general divisions of the museum are recognized : (i) Natural history, including ethnology and archeology; (2) the fine arts; (3) the arts and industries; (4) history. LIBRARY. About 36,000 volumes and 56,000 unbound papers, of a purely technical character, maintained primarily for the use of the staff, but accessible to any properly qualified persons. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Annual Reports. (2) Proceedings. (3) Bulletins. The first mentioned are of the nature of administrative reports to congress. The Proceedings and Bulletins are mainly restricted to technical papers and monographs based upon the mus- eum's collection. The difference between these two lies chiefly in the fact that the Proceedings consist of the shorter and the Bulletins of the longer papers. Of the Proceedings, 3 7 volumes have been published; of the Bulletin, 71 numbers, but a few of these extend to two or more volumes. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 4.30. Sunday opening is contemplated in the near future. The number of visitors is about 250,000 annually. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The federal government and city jointly maintain a zoological park of 1 66 acres, established in 1890, containing 124 reptiles, 713 birds, and 565 mammals. FLORIDA DELAND: JOHN B. STETSON UNIVERSITY. Monroe Heath Museum. This museum consists of collections prepared by the Ward Natural Science Establishment of Rochester, New York, and given to the university by Mrs. Monroe Heath of Chicago as a memorial to her husband. The collections comprise: Minerals, 7 2 5±; Rocks, 24O±; Paleontology, 325±, including casts of fossil vertebrates; Zoology, 300±, mostly invertebrates. In addition to the above there are 80 Florida birds, the gift of Mr. John B. Stetson. The museum is intended for teaching and study purposes, and is in charge of John F. Baerecke, professor of biology and physiology. 50 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ST. AUGUSTINE: ST. AUGUSTINE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society maintains a museum begun in 1884 and now filling seven rooms. The collections include geology, natural history, pre- historic implements and weapons, and material relating to the early history of Florida. GEORGIA ATLANTA: STATE MUSEUM. STAFF. Curator, S. W. McCallie. ANTHROPOLOGY. A collection of 203 Indian relics. BOTANY. 200 specimens of Georgia woods, consisting of sections of trees showing finished and unfinished surfaces, together with some finished products; and an economic exhibit of fruits and grains in glass jars. EDUCATIONAL. 10 cases with exhibits of public school work. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, i25o± ; Rocks, on exhibition, 25o±; Minerals and rocks, in storage, iooo±; Building stones, 85 eight-inch cubes, including marble, granite, gneiss, hornblende, sand- stone, serpentine, and Caen stone, from various localities in the state, uniformly dressed to show susceptibility to various methods of finishing ; Marbles, 6 slabs from the quarries at Tate; Georgia ores, 149 specimens; Clays, etc. PALEONTOLOGY. iooo± specimens on exhibition. ZOOLOGY. An economic exhibit of injurious insects, contained in 6 large cases. The above collections occupy the corridors of the third floor of the state capitol, and are under the charge of the state geologist. ,They are open free to the public daily, except Sundays, from 8 to 5. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 140 acres, established in 1892, containing 10 reptiles, 132 birds, and 91 mammals. MACON: MERCER UNIVERSITY. No information has been received regarding the collections of this university, which is said by Merrill to include 500 Indian utensils and weapons, about 600 botanical specimens, 2500 fossils, 1000 rocks and several thousand minerals, 1000 specimens of economic geology, BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 51 and a small collection of meteorites including the Stewart and Putnam County stones (both described in the "American Journal of Science"). There are also about 600 zoological specimens. OXFORD: EMORY COLLEGE. The museum of Emory College is in charge of H. H. Stone, curator, and is made up largely of Japanese, Chinese, and Indian curios, to- gether with war relics, 200 fossils, 5000 minerals, and a collection of Georgia birds made rather for classroom use than for strictly museum purposes. HAWAII HONOLULU: BERNIGE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM. STAFF. Director, William T. Brigham; Honorary curator of mollusca, William H. Dall; Curator of Polynesian ethnology, John F. G. Stokes; Curator of Pulmonata, C. Montague Cooke; Honorary curator of entomology, Otto H. Swezey; Assistant in botany, Charles N. Forbes; Librarian, E. Schupp; Artist and modeler, John W. Thomp- son; 2 printers, and 2 janitors. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, foreign, 275; Ethnology, native, 4992, foreign, 3417. There are on exhibition 5 ethnological groups with casts from life. There are also a Hawaiian native grass house and a model of a Hawaiian temple. ART. Prints and engravings, 50; Oil paintings, 44; Water colors, n. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 3104, including 27 types and figured specimens; Phanerogams, 2959, including 105 types and figured speci- mens. There are also 5ooo± duplicate and additional specimens, and 420 specimens of economic botany. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 125, in storage, 50; Rocks, on exhibition, 522, in storage, 2oo±. Special mention may be made of a model of Kilauea volcano. HISTORY. Mission history, 2 5 ; Modern Hawaiian history, 178. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 410. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 55,ooo±, in storage, 2oo,ooo±, types and figured specimens, 35o±; Insects, on exhibition, 8268, in storage, 6135; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 865, in storage, 520; Fishes, on exhibition, 292 painted casts, in storage, 3000^, types and figured specimens, 105; Reptiles, on exhibition, 43, in storage, 98; 52 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS Birds, on exhibition, 464, in storage, 4259, types and figured specimens, 144; Mammals, on exhibition, 45. There are 4 large and 7 small groups of animals exhibited in natural surroundings. Of these, 2 Hawaiian bird groups (Phaethon lepturus and Nycticorax nycticorax ncevius) are especially noteworthy. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The founding of the Bishop Museum resulted from an unwritten agreement between three Hawaiian prin- cesses, Mrs. Bernice Pauahi Bishop, Princess Ruth Keelikolani, and Queen Emma, widow of Kamehameha IV, to bequeath their respective collections as material for a museum of Kamehameha relics. The final establishment of the museum was made possible by the munificence of the Hon. Charles Reed Bishop, who in 1889 provided funds for the housing of these three collections. At this time other collections were purchased by Mr. Bishop as follows: ethnological collections of J. S. Emerson and G. H. Dole from Hawaii, of Eric Craig from Polynesia and Melanesia, and a choice Papuan collection made in German New Guinea; also an extremely valuable collection of Hawaiian birds made by Mr. Mills. In 1891 the collections of the Hawaiian government museum were loaned to the Bishop Museum. In the same year Mr. Bishop transferred the museum to the gentlemen then acting as trustees of the Bernice P. Bishop estate, and provided an endowment consisting of land valued at $40,000 and $30,000 in 6 per cent govern- ment bonds. In 1894 the Hawaiian provisional government deposited the royal feather robe, crown, and thrones in the museum. In 1895 the large and varied Pacific collection of the American board of com- missioners for foreign missions was loaned to the museum and later purchased by Mr. Bishop. In 1896 control of the museum passed into the hands of the Bernice P. Bishop museum trust. At this time Mr. Bishop added property to the value of $203,000 to the endowment of the museum, and in the following year he made a further endowment of $92,000. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An income of $35,000 a year from its endowment. , BUILDING. The first building was erected in 1890 at a cost of $66,700, defrayed by Mr. Bishop. In 1894 an additional building was erected by Mr. Bishop at a cost of $77,200. In 1903 a new Hawaiian hall was erected by Mr. Bishop at a cost of $126,300. A building designed to provide laboratories and storerooms is about to be erected. There is at present 17,312 square feet of floor space available for exhibition, and 5200 for offices, etc. Of the latter, 2800 square feet will be converted to exhibition space on completion of the new laboratory. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 53 ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to the board of trustees. SCOPE. The primary purposes of the museum are research and exploration. LIBRARY. 8000 volumes and pamphlets of a scientific character intended for the use of the staff. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Occasional Papers, containing annual reports and research articles. Of this series two complete volumes have been issued and two others are in course of publication at the end of 1909. (2) Memoirs, devoted to research articles. Two complete volumes of this series have been issued. (3) Fauna Hawaiiensis, three volumes issued. ATTENDANCE. The museum is open free to the public on Friday and Saturday of each week. The attendance for 1909 was 11,846. BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. This board is the agricultural department of the territory of Hawaii, and although it does not maintain a formal museum it has working collections of insects and a growing herbarium. The insect collection consists of approximately 10,000 specimens representing 2500 species and including 6 type specimens of Aleyrodidae and 3 of Coccidae. There are also about 5000 unmounted specimens. Special attention is paid to Coleoptera and Coccidae. The herbarium consists of approximately 800 cryptogams and 6100 phanerogams including 6 types of genera. There is also a library of about 10,000 volumes related especially to entomology, forestry, and botany, and including a somewhat exten- sive collection of tropical and subtropical floras and manuals of botany. The collections and library are open free to the public for reference, and special assistance is given those desiring to carry on particular jnvestigations. DAMON PRIVATE MUSEUM. Mr. S. M. Damon has on his estate of Moanalua a series of about 500 ethnological specimens, mostly native, and about 35 pictures, including oils, water colors, and engravings. These are arranged for the purpose of exhibition in two native grass houses which are open free to the public on Saturday afternoons. HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS' ASSOCIATION. Experiment Station. The insect cabinets of the station contain about 5000 specimens of 54 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS local insects and about 6000 specimens of foreign insects in addition to 5000-10,000 unmounted specimens. These collections are chiefly of economic importance. The foreign insects are from regions where sugar cane is grown, viz: Mexico, Fiji, Australia, Malasia, and China. There are 700-800 type specimens which will probably eventually be deposited in the United States National Museum. The library of the station contains over 1000 volumes on entomology. ST. LOUIS COLLEGE. The college has a collection of ethnological and natural history specimens. IDAHO MOSCOW: UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO. The university museum was destroyed by fire in 1906, with the exception of the mineral collections. There is now no central museum and such collections as exist are distributed among the scientific departments. ILLINOIS BLOOMINGTON: ILLINOIS WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY. Powell Museum. This museum was established in 1852 with 1700 specimens, col- lected in the Rocky Mountains by Major J. W. Powell, to which has been added the Lichtenthaler collection of shells and algae. The mus- eum now comprises 40,000 labeled specimens on exhibition, and about 100,000 more accessible for study. In ethnology, there are large col- lections of Zuni and Moqui utensils, articles of dress, etc. ; and utensils of the cliff dwellers and mound builders. In botany, there are 1000 cryptogams and 6000 phanerogams. Geology and paleontology are represented by good general collections. In zoology, there are 10,000, species of shells, a collection of insects, 600 birds, 200 mammals, etc. McLEAN COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society maintains a collection of about 250 objects of histor- ical interest, a library of about 600 volumes, a large collection of por- traits and photographs of pioneers and distinguished men of McLean County, and about 100 unpublished manuscripts. These collec- tions have been housed in the society's room in the McLean County court house since 1903 and are under the care of Milo Custer, custodian. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 55 CARLINVILLE: BLACKBURN COLLEGE. Taylor Museum. The collections, which occupy one floor of Robertson Hall, were donated to the college by Dr. Julius S. Taylor in 1882. They contain 25,000 fossils, representing nearly every epoch throughout the pale- ozoic and mesozoic eras, and a large part of the Van Cleve corals figured in the Indian report; 8000 minerals; 500 Indian relics; and small working collections in botany and zoology. CHICAGO: ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO. STAFF. Director, Wm. M. R. French; Assistants to the director, Bessie Bennett, Lucy Driscoll; Secretary to the director, C. H. Burk- holder; Librarian, Mary Van Home; Assistant librarian, Edna Fair- child; Reference librarian, Nancy Adis; Department of stereopticon slides, Edith Emerson; i stenographer, i door-cashier, 10 guards, 5 gallery-men, 13 janitors, 6 engineers, and i office boy. ART. Sculpture, 147 2 ± objects, including very large collections of reproductions in marbles and plaster, metal work, bronzes, fragments, medals, plaquettes; Prints and engravings, 500; Framed drawings, 186; Oil paintings, 452; Water colors, 25; Ceramics, 38g±; Textiles, i623± pieces; Egyptian, Greek, and Roman antiquities, 54 cases (an important department); Ivory carvings, ioo± (loaned); Musical instruments, m± (loaned), 28 (owned); Oriental art, jades, crystals, lacquer, shrine, enamel, porcelain, numerous small objects, 717. Among the more notable exhibits may be mentioned: The Field col- lection of 41 pictures, representing chiefly the Barbizon school of FrencK painters; 13 works of the highest value by old masters of the Dutch school, from the Demidoff collection; the Albert A. Munger collection of paintings; and the Mr. and Mrs. Samuel M. Nickerson collection of fine Japanese, Chinese, and East Indian objects of art, and of modern pictures. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Art Institute had its beginning in a school of art practice, established in Chicago in 1886, and soon after organized into the Chicago Academy of Design. After serious strug- gles, a new organization was formed, called at first the Chicago Acad- emy of Fine Arts, but subsequently changed to the Art Institute of Chicago, and incorporated in 1879. The present building was formally opened as a museum on December 8, 1893. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The institute has the following sources of income: from endowment, $20,000; from the city, $65,000, comprising 56 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS the one-fourth mill tax from the South Park district; from the school of the institute, $71,000; from memberships, $35,000; from admission fees, $6887; from the sale of publications, $2213.80. BUILDING. Erected in 1892-3 at a cost of $1,000,000, paid for by voluntary subscription and by a sum of $200,000 from the World's Columbian Exposition. About 62,000 square feet of floor space is available for exhibition purposes, 45,189 for school purposes, and 11,310 for offices, workrooms, etc. During 1897 a lecture room, seating 500 persons, was built and presented as a memorial to Alexander N. Fullerton by his son. In 1900-01 the Ryerson Library was built and presented by Martin A. Ryerson. In 1903 Blackstone Hall was com- pleted and is now occupied by the great portals of French cathedrals and historic sculpture. ADMINISTRATION. By an executive committee appointed by the trustees, who are elected by a board of governing members. SCOPE. A school of drawing, illustration, painting, sculpture, normal instruction, and designing is a vital part of the institution and is said to be the most comprehensive and the largest school of fine arts in the United States. It occupies the ground floor of the building and its pupils number about 2700 each year, including 105 of the Chicago School of Architecture, which is an alliance formed between the Art Institute and the Armour Institute of Technology. The school main- tains day, evening, Saturday, and summer classes, and includes upon its staff 8 officers and assistants, 50 teachers, and 30 student teachers. The galleries are arranged and intended for the instruction and enter- tainment of the general public and their influence is furthered by special exhibits and the exhibition of important loan collections. The giving of lectures also forms a part of the activity of the institute. LIBRARY. 6540 volumes and a large collection of pamphlets, photographs, Braun autotypes, and lantern slides, on subjects relating to the fine arts, and accessible to students of the school and to the general public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Bulletin, issued quarterly. (2) General cata- log of the permanent collection. (3) Catalogs of passing exhibitions. (4) The Scammon Lectures, published from time to time. (5) A school catalog, published annually. ATTENDANCE. Open daily from 9 to 5. On Wednesdays, Satur- days, and Sundays, admission is free; on other days an entrance fee of 25 cents is charged, except to members, their families and out-of- town guests, children under 10 years of age, teachers of the public schools, -and exhibiting artists. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 57 CHICAGO ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. STAFF. Curator-in-charge, Frank C. Baker; Honorary curators, T. C. Chamberlin (general geology), Stuart Weller (paleontology), Oliver C. Farrington (mineralogy), E. J. Hill (botany) ; Ornithologist and taxidermist, Frank M. Woodruff; i museum aid, 2 office assistants, and 3 janitors, who also act as guards on Sundays, holidays, and other special occasions. BOTANY. A general herbarium of about 10,000 specimens, mostly local. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 1634, in storage, 9036 ; Rocks, on exhibition, 268, in storage, 297; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 125; Economic geology, 488. Economic exhibits are a feature of this department and special collections of this sort include gems and gem minerals, iron and steel, asbestos, aluminum, carbo- rundum, radium and radio-activity. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 2ooo±,in storage, i8,7oo±, types and figured specimens, 200; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 50, in storage, 25, types and figured specimens, i ; Plants, on exhibition, 500, in storage, iooo±. These collections include a nearly complete collection of Niagara fossils from the Chicago region, containing about 30 type specimens; a mounted skeleton of Elephas columbi, partly restored; the Dr. John H. Britts Missouri coal plants, part of the basis for monograph 37, United States Geological Survey; the William C. Egan Chicago and Mississippi Valley collection, containing types of Weller and Miller. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 12,691, in storage, 147,000^, types and figured specimens, 25oo±; Insects, on exhibition, 4ooo±, in storage, 30,000=!=, types and figured specimens, 2; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, iooo=t, in storage, 2ooo±, types and figured specimens, i ; Fishes,' 147 ; Batrachians, on exhibition, 23, in storage, 150; Reptiles, on exhibition, 80, in storage, 305; Birds, on exhibition, 900, in storage, 4ioc=t; Mammals, on exhibition, 147, in storage, 232; Eggs and nests, on exhibition, 100, in storage, 25oo±. These exhibits include exten- sive local collections of mollusks, birds, fossils, and minerals. The exhibit of economic mollusks includes 800 specimens. 50 small and 7 large groups of animals are exhibited in natural surroundings. SCHOOL LOAN COLLECTIONS. Birds, 18 collections, comprising about 100 specimens, and about 300 Ian tern slides; Mammals, i collec- tion of 6 specimens; Fishes, i collection of 4 specimens; Mollusks, 300; Insects, 50; Microscopic sections of Illinois shrubs and trees, 300; Industries, 10 collections comprising about 200 specimens. The col- 58 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS lections are arranged in sets in wooden transportation boxes of varying sizes. HISTORICAL SKETCH. Organized in 1857, incorporated in 1859, charter secured by the state legislature in 1865 . A small museum was first started in a room on the corner of Clarke and Lake Streets. In 1864, more commodious quarters were secured in the Metropolitan block. Two years later the exhibits were seriously damaged by fire, and in 1868 a fireproof museum building was erected at 265 Wabash Avenue. In 1871, the museum building, with its contents, was totally consumed in the conflagration which destroyed the greater portion of Chicago. It is estimated that not less than 300,000 specimens were stored in the building, many of them being priceless in value. The following notable collections were destroyed : The Bishoff and Western Union Telegraph Expedition Alaskan material; the Smithsonian collection of Crustacea, 10,000 jars containing types of Dana, Stimpson, and others; the invertebrates of the United States North Pacific Exploring Expedition, containing many undescribed types; the Stimp- son collection of marine shells, numbering about 8000 specimens; and the United States Coast Survey collection of deep sea Crustacea and mollusks, dredged in the Gulf Stream by M. Pourtales, arid loaned for description. In addition, the library, the manuscripts of Dr. Stimpson, and almost the entire edition of the early transactions were destroyed. A new set of buildings was promptly erected on the burned site, and the lenders of the funds were secured by a mortgage on the property. The financial depression following the year 1873 reduced the income of the academy to such an extent that it was not able to meet its obliga- tions, and in 1886 the property was transferred to the holder of the mortgage. Until 1892 the collections were provided with exhibition and storage rooms at the Inter-state Exposition, but when that building was taken down the collections were placed in storage until the present building was erected in Lincoln Park and opened to the public on October 31, 1894. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum possessed the following sources of income in 1909: from endowment, $6000; city, $5000 (this amount is paid annually and is fixed by mutual contract with the park board); membership, $400; sale of publications, etc., $60. In addi- tion to the annual income, amounts varying from a few dollars to $5000 have been donated at various times for specific purposes. The park commissioners heat, light, and clean the building without expense to the academy. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 59 BUILDING. Erected in 1893 at a cost of $100,000, of which $75,000 was the gift of Matthew Laflin, and $25,000 the gift of the commis- sioners of Lincoln Park, who also provided the site for the building. About 12,530 square feet of floor space is available for exhibition pur- poses, and 10,540 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator-in-charge, who is responsible to a board of trustees. SCOPE. The efforts of the academy are especially directed toward an exposition of the natural resources of Illinois and the adjoining portions of the Mississippi Valley. The material gathered by the natur- al history survey of the academy, organized in 1892, is a notable feature of the local collections. As aids to the instruction of the general public, there are exhibits illustrating the home life and habits of ani- mals, and the economic uses of natural materials; also the employment of numerous descriptive labels, pictures, and models; and the giving of courses of popular lectures. Public school work is aided by loan collections of specimens and slides, by lectures to school children, and by instruction of school teachers. Exploration and research are car- ried on by the staff, the present subject of investigation being fresh-water and post-glacial mollusca, deep-well borings of Chicago, flora of the Chicago region, and paleontology of the Niagara limestone. LIBRARY. 29,778 books and pamphlets of a general scientific character, intended for use of the staff and members of the academy. The public may consult the library under certain restrictions. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Early Proceedings, i volume issued. (2) Transactions, 2 volumes issued. (3) Bulletins, 3 volumes issued. (4) Bulletins of the Natural History Survey, 7 volumes issued. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5 and on Sundays from i to 5. The attendance for the year 1909 was over 300,000. It is noteworthy that the academy is said to hold third place in this respect, its museum attendance being exceeded only by the American Museum of Natural History in New York and by the United States National Museum in Washington. CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (Dearborn Avenue and Ontario Street.) This society maintains a historical collection including relics of the mound builders and Indians; portraits of discoverers and explor- ers of the Mississippi Valley and the "Old Northwest" territory, Indian chiefs, pioneers, state governors, early residents of Chicago, and members of the society; historical models; paintings, prints, and photo- 60 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS graphic views of historic sites; and miscellaneous relics of local inter- est. This museum was founded at the time of the organization of the society in 1856, with the object of illustrating as fully as possible the subjects of which the library treats. Much discrimination has been exercised in the selection of objects for exhibition, and they are exten- sively used by archeologists and by study classes from the schools. The museum occupies about 1234 square feet of floor space in the society's building, is in charge of the librarian, who is responsible to a committee on collections, and shares with the library and lectures a maintenance fund of approximately $14,000 annually, obtained from endowment and membership fees. A library of 150,000 volumes, pam- phlets, and manuscripts on the history of the central west is accessible to the public in connection with the collections. The annual report of the museum is included in the year book of the society. The museum is open free to the public on every week-day. CHICAGO SCHOOL OF CIVICS AND PHILANTHROPY. Social Museum. (35 Dearborn Street.) This museum was incorporated in November, 1904, as the Muni- cipal Museum of Chicago, and opened to the public in February, 1905, in two large rooms of the Chicago Public Library. The collections include exhibits in the form of maps, models, photographs, designs, charts, stereoscopic views, etc., illustrating foreign and American cities, and a civic reference library of some 600 titles. In the department of geography, a series of 200 maps, charts, and diagrams, and 200 photo- graphs, illustrate the geography of the Chicago region and the indus- tries which grow out of it. A valuable group of industrial material in- cludes the Essen exhibit of workingmen's dwellings and factory hygiene, plans of municipal workingmen's houses presented by the city of Liverpool, and maps, plans, photographs, and graphic statist'cs from Munich, Dresden, Cologne, London, Manchester, Boston, and Chi- cago. During the first two years of its existence the museum presented ii exhibitions in city-making, entertained 84 conferences for discus- sions of public questions, gave more than 500 free illustrated addresses, and also acted as a bureau of civic information. The aver- age daily attendance was 400-500, and on program days it amounted to 1500-2000. Changes at the library forced the removal of the museum and it is now stored at Hull House and the University of Chicago. In 1909, ownership of the museum was transferred to the Chicago School of BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 6 1 Civics and Philanthropy, and present plans for its use include the util- ization of the material for recurrent public civic exhibitions and for loan exhibitions, controlling the material in storage by means of in- dices at the school. COUNCIL FOR LIBRARY AND MUSEUM EXTENSION. A conference, organized in November, 1909, by the leading libraries and museums of Chicago as a basis for systematic and comprehensive cooperative effort on the part of these institutions to extend their facilities to the largest possible number of people in the entire com- munity. The council is now engaged in furthering plans for issuing a handbook to the educational and recreational resources of Chicago. This is to be prepared in newspaper style and it is hoped that a quarter of a million copies may be issued for free distribution through various agencies in the city. The council meets at the Chicago Public Library on the second Friday of each month. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. STAFF. Director, Frederick J. V. Skiff; Curators, George A. Dorsey (anthropology), Charles F. Millspaugh (botany), Oliver C. Farrington (geology), Charles B. Cory (zoology); Assistant curators, S. C. Simms, Berthold Laufer, and Albert B. Lewis (ethnology), Charles L. Owen (archeology), Jesse M. Greenman (botany), Henry W. Nichols (geology), Elmer S. Riggs and Arthur W. Slocum (paleon- tology), Seth E. Meek, William J. Gerhard, Edward M. Gueret, and Wilfred H. Osgood (zoology) ; Modelers, C. A. Gardner (anthropology), B. E. Dahlgren (botany) ; Preparators, O. E. Lansing, Jr., H. H. Smith, R. A. Dixon, and W. H. Beardsley (botany), J. B. Abbott and C. T. Kline (geology), S. F. Hildebrand, William Buettner, A. B. Walcott, and A. W. Henn (zoology) ; Preparator and artist, J. A. Burt (anthropol- ogy); Preparator and field assistant, Fay C. Cole (anthropology); Taxidermists, Leon L. Pray, Julius Freisser, William Heim, and Philip Heim (zoology) ; Recorder, D. C. Davies; Assistant recorder, B. Bridge; Librarian, Elsie Lippincott; Assistant librarian, E. M. Wilcoxson. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, 65,712, foreign, 665; Ethnology, native, 24,778, foreign, 35,720. Civilized peoples, ancient, 24, 539, modern, 5 7 56; Life-size ethnological groups, 10; Miniature ethnological groups, 7; Models, without human figures, n. The more notable collections in ethnology are: The Stanley Mc- Cormick Hopi material; Edward E. Ayer collection of North Ameri- can Indian material; Robert F. Cummings Philippine material; Mrs. T. B. Blackstone collection from China and Thibet; Joseph N. Field 62 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS German New Guinea collection; R. Parkinson German New Guinea collection ; G. F. Emmons collection from Alaska ; H. N. Higinbotham collection from Korea; Hassler collection of feather work, etc., from Indians of Paraguay; Remenyi collection from South Africa; Pogoski collection from Siberia ; various collections from the northwest coast of North America, and from California. The more notable collections in archeology are: The Montez, Harris, and Dorsey Peruvian collections; United States Colombian collection of gold, earthenware, and stone; Allison V. Armour collec- tion of Mexican antiquities; Martin A. Ryerson collection of Swiss Lake material; Johnson collection of reproductions of Irish antiqui- ties; originals and reproductions of ancient Italian bronzes; Cyrus H. McCormick collection from Chile; material from Hopewell Group of Mounds, Ohio; Charnay casts of Central American sculpture; Wyman collection of copper implements; Zavaleta collection of Argentine archeology; Riggs collection from the southern states; and various collections from Egypt. BOTANY. A herbarium of 300,000 phanerogams and ferns, includ- ing 25oo± types and figured specimens; a small herbarium of crypto- gams ; and economic collections which are said to be the most complete and important in the country. Among special collections may be mentioned the herbarium of Dr. Arthur Schott, including plants from the Isthmus of Darien and the United States boundary survey, and his Yucatan and Hungarian series; the M. S. Bebb collection, comprising the largest representation of the genus Salix in this country; the Harry N. Patterson collection, with its complete representation of the plants of Gray's 'Manual' and its full sets of Curtiss, Pringle,Cusick, Chapman, Hall and Harbour; the-H. J. Wahlstedt collection, comprising his very complete series of Chara, Viola, Epilobium, and Scandinavian plants; the Dr. J. T. Rothrock collection, rich in the plants of the early surveys west of the Mississippi; the Charles F. Millspaugh collection, particu- larly valuable for the complete and type-compared representation of the genus Euphorbia', and the Arthur A. Heller collection. It also contains the Gaumer Yucatan plants and the plants of the two Allison V. Armour expeditions. The dendrology collection represents a large number of countries in all parts of the world. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 6500, in storage, 9500; Rocks, on exhibition, 1000, in storage, 1600; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., on exhibition, 2400, in storage, 500; Meteorites, 500; Economic geology, on exhibition, 10,000, in storage, 5000. The eco- nomic series is one of the largest in the world, especially notable for the BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 63 size of the specimens and the number of foreign localities represented. Special mention may be made of the Higinbotham collection of gems and gem minerals, one of the most valuable in the world; the Chalmers crystal collection ; the collection of meteorites, containing specimens of 300 falls with notable ones from Long Island, Brenham, Canyon Diablo and Tonopah; reproductions of limestone and gypsum caves; a model of the moon, 19 feet in diameter; and 200 specimens of polished slabs illustrating different ornamental stones, chiefly marbles and granites. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 27,000, in storage, 31,000, types and figured specimens, 53; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 650, in storage, 500, types and figured specimens, n ; Plants, on exhibi- tion, 470, in storage, 550. These collections are installed as a division of geology and classified stratigraphically. They include mounted skeletons and restorations of many of the larger reptiles and mammals. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 2o,ooo±, in storage, i5,ooo±; Insects, on exhibition, 3660, in storage, ioo,ooo±, types, 425; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 1200 ±, in storage, 4ooo±; Fishes, on exhibition, 1021, in storage, 36,950, types, 73; Batrachians, on exhibi- tion, 79, in storage, 1946, types, 3; Reptiles, on exhibition, 119, in storage, 3475, types, 4; Birds, on exhibition, 2000, in storage, 45,ooo±, types, 85; Mammals, on exhibition, 710, in storage, 16,000, types, 108; Bird eggs, on exhibition, 1183, in storage, io,ooo±; Skeletons, on exhibition, 206, in storage, 210; Skulls, 214; Casts and glass models, 275. There are 21 large, and 18 small, groups of birds and small mammals and 68 groups of fishes exhibited in natural surroundings. Notable among the collections are the C. B. Cory collection of birds from North America and the West Indies; the collection from East Africa, made by the museum's East African expedition; and a collec- tion of North and Central American bird skins. HISTORICAL SKETCH. Established in 1894, at the close of the World's Columbian Exposition, by the gift of $1,000,000 from Marshall Field, who bequeathed the institution a further $8,000,000 at his death in 1906 — $4,000,000 for the erection of a permanent building, and $4,000,000 for endowment. The nucleus of the exhibition material was gathered by gift and purchase at the exposition. Most of this material, however, has since been rearranged, readapted, or discarded. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Income from endowment of $4,000,000 from Marshall Field, and $1,200,000 donated by different individuals; and $35,000 from other sources. The citizens of Chicago have con- firmed legislative provision for the levy of a tax for the maintenance of the museum when a new building shall have been erected, which it is estimated will eventually produce about $100,000 per annum. 64 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS BUILDING. The museum now occupies the temporary building erected for fine arts in Jackson Park, the exposition site. This building covers nine acres and there is in connection with it a well-equipped printing shop, a large two-story taxidermy section, illustration studios, assaying and lapidary rooms, etc. Plans have been drawn for the erec- tion of a permanent building to cost $4,000,000, made possible by the Marshall Field bequest. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to a board of trustees. The entire museum records, accession system, historical files, publica- tions, and supplies are in charge of a recorder. SCOPE. The activities of the museum include expeditions to all parts of the world for the purpose of obtaining study, exhibition, and exchange material; investigations conducted by members of the staff, the results being published by the museum; the maintenance of study collections; and instruction of the general public, especially by free lectures. LIBRARY. 50,000 books and pamphlets of a scientific character, designed for reference only, and intended primarily for the use of the staff. The public is admitted to the general reading room and books may be consulted upon application to the librarian. PUBLICATIONS. Results of expeditions, investigations, and re- searches have been published from time to time. ATTENDANCE. Open to the public daily (except Thanksgiving and Christmas) from 9 to 4, except Saturdays and Sundays during June, July, and August, when the hour of closing is 5.30. Admission is free Saturdays and Sundays. On other days an entrance fee of 25 cents is charged, children under 12, 10 cents. Teachers and scholars are ad- mitted free at all times. The attendance for the year ending Septem- ber 30, 1908, was 218,682. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. Educational Museum. STAFF. Curator, I. B. Meyers; Assistant curator, Wade McNutt. ANTHROPOLOGY. Dress and implements of North American Indians, 100 pieces; Indian pottery, ancient and modern, 25 pieces; Pottery, glass, etc., from the Isle of Cyprus, 200 pieces; Models of primitive Philippine implements, 15 pieces; Textiles and pottery from ancient Egypt, 30 pieces; Costumes (modern) of foreign peoples, 100 pieces. BOTANY. Models of flowers, 50; Economic botany, including commercial cereals, fibers, food plants, etc., 300 specimens. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 65 GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 450, in storage, 800; Rocks, on exhibition, 250, in storage, 1000; Dynamic geology, on exhibition, 150, in storage, 600; Economic geology, 300. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 300, in storage, 500; Plants, on exhibition, 250, in storage, 300. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 250, in storage, 900; Insects, on exhibition, 500, in storage, 1500; Other invertebrates, chiefly coral, 200; Fishes, 15; Batrachians, 6; Reptiles, 14; Birds, on exhibition, 200, in storage, 350; Mammals, on exhibition, 40, in storage, 20; Bird eggs, 225; Skeletons, 25. There are 25 small groups illustrating the life-history and homes of animals. HISTORICAL SKETCH. Established in 1900. A considerable por- tion of the material is collected by students in visits to commercial and industrial centers, and in field study; the remainder is acquired by purchase and gift, FINANCIAL SUPPORT. General university funds. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, who is responsible to the direc- tor of the school of education. SCOPE. The primary purpose of this museum is to formulate the relation of materials to practical teaching in elementary and secondary school work and to instruct students and student teachers in a more intelligent use of the larger private, municipal, state, and national museums, in their relation to public education. Students collect the material, and the working up of a well-selected, well-arranged collection is placed on the same basis as any other type of school work. Limited instruction is given to student teachers in collecting and arranging materials for the building up of local school museums. All materials, except when exceedingly fragile or rare, are circulated in the classrooms. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public during school days and hours. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. Haskell Oriental Museum. STAFF. Director, James Henry Breasted; Assistant director, Edgar J. Goodspeed; Curators, James Henry Breasted (Egypt), Ira M. Price (Assyro-Babylonia), E. G. Hirsch (Syria-Palestine); i assistant and stenographer, and i janitor. ORIENTAL ARCHEOLOGY. About 10,000 specimens in Egyptian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Palestinian archeology. The Egyptian collection embraces 9000 numbers, including sculpture, painting, inscriptions, and miscellaneous products of the arts and crafts in metal, wood, ivory, stone, fayence, clay, textiles, etc. Among the documents 66 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS are papyri and ostraka. The Assyro-Babylonian collection embraces 1000 numbers, including clay tablets and various products of the craftsman. The Palestinian collection is chiefly educational. A loan collection belonging to Dr. Edmund Buckley well covers Japanese Buddhism and Shinto. The museum possesses several valuable Pali manuscripts, and a series of East Indian paintings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The collections were begun by the present director, who spent the winter of 1894-5 in Egypt laying the founda- tion of the Egyptian collection. Since then the museum has been in almost constant connection with some research enterprise in the field of the hither Orient. With the organization of the Oriental Explora- tion Fund of the University of Chicago, the Assyro-Babylonian collec- tion has also received valuable accessions. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum shares the general budget of the university. The collections are largely due to private subscrip- tions from members of the Chicago Society of Egyptian Research and from subscribers to the Egypt Exploration Fund. The finds of the Oriental Exploration Fund, which has an income of $10,000 a year, are presented to the museum. BUILDING. Erected in 1895-6, at a cost of $100,000, the gift of Mrs. Caroline E. Haskell. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to the University of Chicago board of museums. SCOPE. The chief purpose of the museum is research and exploration, but the collections are used also for teaching purposes in the university. LIBRARY. Over 18,000 volumes, devoted chiefly to history, archeology, philology, paleogeography , and theology, and used by members of the staff and students of the university. PUBLICATIONS. The reports of field work (Oriental Exploration Fund) appear in the "American Journal of Semitic Languages." ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. Walker Museum. STAFF. Director, T. C. Chamberlin; Curators, R. D. Salisbury (geography and geology), S. W. Williston (vertebrate paleontology), Stuart Weller (invertebrate paleontology), W. H. Emmons (economic geology and mineralogy), Frederick Starr (anthropology); Associate curator, W. F. E. Gurley (paleontology); Assistant curator, Paul Miller (vertebrate paleontology). ANTHROPOLOGY. General collections in archeology and ethnology, BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 67 400,000 specimens, including the following loan collections: Ryerson collection in Mexican archeology, 3000 pieces; Ryerson collections from the cliff dwellings and cave houses of Utah, accompanied by a series of photographs; Clement collection from Japan, containing art work in lacquer and porcelain, and an interesting series of articles used in the curious doll's festival. The material collected by Frederick Starr among the Ainu of Japan and the native tribes of the Congo Free State is on display temporarily. GEOLOGY. General collections illustrating structural phenomena and the modes of action of dynamic agencies; a systematic series of fossils arranged on a stratigraphic basis illustrating the successive faunas and floras; a large series of models, maps, and photographs; a large series of ores and other mining products, representing the lead- ing mining districts of the United States and of many foreign countries ; a systematic series of minerals arranged for the illustration of lectures; igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in systematic series, together with special collections of igneous rocks from a number of localities in western America and Europe. The private mineral collec- tion of Mr. W. C. E. Seeboeck is also on exhibition. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, arranged for reference purposes only, rich in material from the paleozoic horizons, including about 3500 type specimens. Important collections are the James Hall collection, the Gurley collection, the James collection, the Washburn collection, the Weller collection, the Sampson collection, the Faber collection, the Haines collection, the Basseler collection of Bryozoa and Ostracoda, and the Van Home collection. Vertebrate fossils include important series of the American Per- mian reptiles, triassic reptiles and amphibians, Niobrara cretaceous birds, reptiles, and fishes, with considerable material from the Laramie cretaceous and White River oligocene. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was established by Mr. Geo. C. Walker of Chicago, in 1893. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Maintained by funds supplied by the trus- tees of the university. BUILDING. Erected in 1893, at a cost of $130,000, by the founder. There is 15,600 square feet of floor space available for exhibition, and 5200 for storage. About half of the building is temporarily occupied by other departments of the university, but will ultimately be available for the museum. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to the University of Chicago board of museums. SCOPE. The collections are intended chiefly for the purposes of investigation and college teaching. 68 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS PUBLICATIONS. Contributions from the Walker Museum, 7 numbers of the first volume issued. These are reprints of paleontologi- cal papers published in the "Journal of Geology." ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days. No statistics of attendance, which is confined chiefly to students of the university. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 20 acres, established in 1868, containing 15 reptiles, 643 birds, and 436 mammals. DECATUR: JAMES MILLIKEN UNIVERSITY— DEC ATUR COLLEGE. The college has a small art museum used primarily for teaching purposes in the School of Applied and Fine Arts. It also has a biologi- cal and geological collection of about 3000 specimens in connection with the School of Liberal Arts; and small museums in connection with the departments of domestic science and art, engineering, and com- merce and finance. ELGIN: ELGIN SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY. The secretary reports that the society maintains a museum, but no reply has been received to repeated requests for further informa- tion regarding the collections, which are said by Merrill to consist principally of local geological specimens, with a limited amount from Colorado, California, and elsewhere, and a collection of shells and corals. EVANSTON: EVANSTON HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society maintains in connection with its library of 2000 books and pamphlets dealing with local and northwestern history, a collec- tion of historical relics, maps, charts, pictures, photographs, etc., which is housed in the society's rooms in the public library building, and is open to the public during library hours, from 9 to 9. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS. The college has a museum which was said by a former curator to contain 3000 fossils; 22,000 minerals and rocks; 28,000 specimens in zoology, including 3000 birds, 700 reptiles and batrachians, 900 fishes and 1 8,000 shells ; a herbarium of 20,000 specimens ; and 8000 specimens, BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 69 in ethnology. The present curator, Dr. U. S. Grant, reports that most of this material is in storage and that no details are at present available. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY— GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTI- TUTE. Bennett Museum of Christian Archeology. STAFF. The museum is in charge of Alfred Emerson, acting direc- tor, with the cooperation of the authorities of the institute. COLLECTIONS. The collections include the following original antiquities of the early Christian period; 9 fragments of marble relief sculptures; 19 inscriptions on marble, and fragments; 15 terra cotta lamps; i lead sling shot of the ist century B. c. ; 80 intaglios and coins, gold, silver, and bronze. There are 04 facsimile and other plaster casts, partly pagan and partly Christian, including a large prototype reproduction of the St. Hippolytus, and of 2 fine sculptured sarcophagi at the Lateran Museum, Rome. There are 4 plastic models of Greek, Roman, and Frankish soldiers; 4 colored plaster architectural models and i of colored wood; 4 wooden and 19 terra cotta models of utensils; 8 models of military weapons and costumes, of metal, cloth, leather, etc. ; 10 electrotype copies of antique jewels, altar plate, and a classical frieze; -3 topographical models of Palestine, Acropolis, and Rome; i triumphal quadriga of Emperor Constantine, one-quarter life, ori- ginal composition; and 3oo± mounted photographs. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum is the result of an anonymous gift of $16,000 made in memory of the late Charles E. Bennett, a former professor in the institute, and of his great interest in early Christian antiquities and archeology. BUILDING. The museum occupies a well-lighted hall, affording about 2000 square feet of floor space, and part of the second-story stairway of the fireproof memorial building of the institute, on the grounds of Northwestern University. The hall is elaborately decor- ated, by graduates of the Art Institute of Chicago, working under Dr. Emerson's direction, with a series of 44 mural and ceiling composi- tions, re-enlarged and adapted from Monsignore Wilpert's colored reproductions of the Roman catacomb frescos. The subjects selected extend from the 2nd to the 4th century, A. D. SCOPE. The museum confines its work almost exclusively to early Christian archeology. It desires to cooperate with other museums in placing duplicate and multiple orders for difficult plastic reproduc- tions abroad. LIBRARY. A beginning of an archeological library has been made. 70 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public, upon application to the librarian, on week-days from 8 to 12 and 2 to 6, except Monday morn- ing and Saturday afternoon. Northwestern University also has a small collection of ceramics and art in charge of the University Guild; and museum collections in connection with the Medical School, the School of Pharmacy, and the Dental School, in Chicago. SWEDISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. (Orrington Avenue and Lincoln Street.) The society has a small historical collection as the nucleus of a museum. GALESBURG: KNOX COLLEGE. Hurd Museum. STAFF. Curator, H. V. Neal, who is also professor of biology. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, foreign, 200; Ethnology, foreign, 250. ART. Sculpture, 6; Prints and engravings, 1500; Oil paintings, 6. . BOTANY. A herbarium containing 5000 phanerogams and 500 cryptogams. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 7000; Rocks, 3000. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 4000; Vertebrates, 25; Plants, 300. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 6000; Insects, 5000; Other invertebrates, 1000; Fishes, 200; Batrachians, 50; Reptiles, 25; Birds, 600; Mammals, 100. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Hurd Museum was begun as a private collection by Albert S. Hurd, professor of natural science in Knox College, and was bequeathed to the college at his death. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Occasional gifts from friends of the college. BUILDING. The museum occupies a room in the main college building. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the trustees of the college. SCOPE. Used chiefly for teaching purposes. ATTENDANCE. Open occasionally to the public. JOLIET: JOLIET TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOL. The school maintains a natural history museum rich in local material, especially fungi, cretaceous and other fossils, land shells, seeds and fruits. The collections are in charge of Willard N. Clute, curator BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 7 1 and head of the department of biology, and Louise M. Hird, assistant, and occupy about 1500 square feet of floor space for exhibition in the school building. For lack of space only about half of the collections are on view at any one time, but the exhibits are changed frequently. The museum is intended primarily for the use of pupils in the school but is open free to the public during school days. LAKE FOREST: LAKE FOREST COLLEGE. The college possesses a very good collection of local birds, and small collections in geology, including a good set of the Guelph group of Niagara fossils from Port Byron, Illinois, and a collection of the Mazon Creek, Illinois, ferns. LINCOLN: JAMES MILLIKEN UNIVERSITY— LINCOLN COLLEGE. The college has a museum not exceeding 500 or 600 specimens. NAPERVILLE: NORTHWESTERN COLLEGE. The college has general collections in charge of L. M. Umbach, curator, and including anthropology, geology, paleontology, and zoology, with especially extensive collections in botany, including a herbarium of about 35,000 plants, chiefly American. The museum occupies about 2800 square feet of floor space on the upper floor of the main college building and is supported from the general funds of the college. It is open free to the public on Fridays but no statistics of attendance are available. PEORIA: ZOOLOGICAL PARK. This park, occupying i acre, was established in 1900 and contains 2 reptiles and 28 mammals. ROCK ISLAND: AUGUSTANA COLLEGE. Museum. The museum comprises several distinct collections as follows, About 5000 specimens in zoology, collected chiefly by Dr. Josua Lindahl: a notable feature being a fairly complete collection of land and fresh- water shells from Sweden; a herbarium of over 2000 specimens, the nucleus being formed by a collection of plants from Sweden, donated 72 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS by Dr. A. R. Cervin; about 10,000 specimens in geology and paleon- tology, including the McMaster collection of local geology and mate- rial collected by the present curator. The museum is intended for teaching purposes in the college, and is in charge of J. A. Udden, cura- tor. SPRINGFIELD: ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL LIBRARY AND SOCIETY. A collection of articles of local historical interest is maintained in connection with the library, the Lincolniana being the most important material. The library and collection occupy a part of the third floor of the capitol and are open free to the public on week-days, except legal holidays, from 9 to 5. STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. STAFF. Curator, A. R. Crook; Assistant curator, Fannie Fisher; i janitor. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, 1850 specimens. BOTANY. A herbarium of about 2000 sheets. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. Collections of building stones, clays, soils, and other products are in process of preparation. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 500, in storage, 1000; Rocks, on exhibition, 2000, in storage^ 500; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 100. These collections comprise chiefly Illinois material. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 12,000, in storage, 25,000, types, 600; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 3150; Plants, on exhibi- tion, 600, in storage, 2000. More than 4000 species of the inverte- brates are described and of these fully 3000 are figured. Many verte- brates are described and figured. Much of the material was collected during the geological survey of the state. * ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 2818, in storage, 400; Insects, 4394; Fishes, 40; Batrachians, 10; Reptiles, 46; Birds, 575; Mammals, 65 ; Bird eggs, 969, nests, 81. i large and 2 small groups of animals are exhibited in natural surroundings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. Established in 1851 as a part of the state geological survey. In 1877, the survey having been discontinued, the State Historical Library and Natural History Museum was created with A. H. Worthen as curator. In 1889 the library and museum became separate institutions. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By optional appropriations from the state, amounting to $6450 per annum for the past ten years. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 73 BUILDING. ' About 6000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 2000 for offices and workrooms, is occupied by the museum in the state arsenal building. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to a board of trustees, consisting of the governor, the secretary of state, and the superinten- dent of public instruction. SCOPE. The maintenance of local collections, instruction of the general public, and research are the chief purposes of the museum. Popular lecture courses are given and arrangements are being made for other activities, such as the distribution of specimens to high schools, etc. LIBRARY. 4000 bound volumes and 1000 pamphlets on geology and general natural history, intended primarily for use of the staff but accessible to the public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) First Geological Survey of Illinois, 1857. (2) Geological Survey of Illinois, 8 volumes issued from 1866 to 1890. (3) Economic Geology of Illinois, 3 volumes issued, 1882. (4) Bulle- tins, 12 issued from 1882 to 1897. (5) i Circular and i Report of His- torical Library and Natural History Museum, 1889. (6) Reports, 3 issued, 1902, 1907, 1908. (7) History of Illinois State Museum of Natural History, 1907. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days, except holi- days, from 9 to 5. An annual attendance of about 30,000. STERLING: WHITESIDE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society possesses collections including minerals, labeled but not classified; shells; reptiles; birds; historical relics and portraits; prints and engravings of local interest. These are housed in the society's rooms in the city hall and are constantly receiving accessions by gift. URBANA: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. The university maintains museum collections in connection with its various departments as enumerated below. The natural history collections have been recently brought together in a new building where they occupy a room affording 2820 square feet of floor space with vari- ous halls and corridors also available for exhibition. In 1909 a curator was appointed for the first time and this department is now in charge of Frank Smith, curator, and S. Fred Prince, assistant. The natural 74 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS history museum is supported by an annual state appropriation of $2000, supplemented for 1910 by a university appropriation of $4000 to cover cost of moving and installation. This museum is open free to the public on week-days from 7 to 6. AGRICULTURE. The agricultural departments maintain collec- tions illustrating their work, prominent among which are those show- ing typical specimens of standard varieties of corn; wax models of fruits and vegetables; an extensive horticultural herbarium; speci- mens of live stock; a collection of farm machinery; and material il ustrating the progress of investigations. ART. The University Art Gallery is the gift of citizens of Cham- paign and Urbana and is devoted primarily to a collection of models for art students. It comprises 13 full-size casts of celebrated statues, 40 statues of reduced size, and a large number of busts and bas-reliefs making in all over 400 pieces. There are also hundreds of large auto- types, photographs, and fine engravings, representing many of the great masterpieces of painting of nearly all the modern schools; and a gallery of historical portraits, mostly large French lithographs, copied from the national portrait galleries of France. There are also a number of casts of ornaments from the Alhambra and other Spanish buildings presented by the Spanish government; a set of casts illus- trating German renaissance ornament; a series of art works from the Columbian Exposition; and miscellaneous casts, models, prints, and drawings. BOTANY. A herbarium of about 65,000 mounted plants, including a practically complete series of the indigenous flowering plants of Illinois, a fair representation of the flora of North America, and a considerable collection of foreign species. There are about 32,000 named specimens of fungi. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. A general working collection given by the Philadelphia Commercial Museums. ENGINEERING. Extensive teaching collections, including speci- mens of material; samples, casts, and drawings of construction; lan- tern slides, books, and pamphlets; etc., are housed in various rooms in Engineering Hall. GEOLOGY. A synoptic collection of 9000 specimens of rocks ; 1000 thin sections of rocks and minerals; a series of ornamental building stones; a stratigraphic collection to illustrate Illinois geology; and a collection of 104 samples of Illinois soils. The mineral collection includes over 12,000 minerals, ores, etc.; 575 crystal models; and a considerable collection of gems and precious stones. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 75 LIBRARY ECONOMY. An exhibit of library methods and adminis- tration prepared by the library school. PALEONTOLOGY. 49,000 representative fossils, including the A. H. Worthen collection with 742 type specimens; the Tyler, McWhorter, and Hertzer collections; the greater part of the collections made by the geological survey of the state under Worthen; 200 thin sections of corals; the Ward collection of casts; and a number of special collec- tions representing the fauna and flora of particular groups. PEDAGOGY. Illustrative material from manual training depart- ments of various schools; photographs of school buildings; drawings and constructive work by public school pupils; and the nucleus of a representative collection of apparatus for the school laboratory. This collection is in University Hall. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 2ooo± species; Insects, the Bolter collection of 120,000 specimens, representing over 16,000 species; Other inverte- brates, many alcoholics, large series of Blaschka models, etc. ; Fishes, about 300 species in alcohol, and 75 casts; Batrachians and reptiles, not enumerated; Birds, practically complete series of Illinois species, and about 125 foreign species; Mammals, a series of rumi- nants of the United States, with representatives of other orders. INDIANA BLOOMINGTON: INDIANA UNIVERSITY. No reply has been received to repeated requests for information regarding the teaching collections of the university. The university catalog shows that there is no general museum and that the most important of the departmental collections are the Eigenmann collec- tion of several thousand species of fishes and a collection of un worked paleontological material especially rich in young stages of brachio- pods and bryozoans. CENTERVILLE: WAYNE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The secretary reports that a museum is maintained in charge of Caleb King, curator. No reply has been received to repeated requests for further information. CRAWFORDSVILLE: WABASH COLLEGE. Hovey Museum. STAFF. Curator, Mason D. Thomas. ANTHROPOLOGY. 6000 specimens, chiefly relics of American Indians and the mound builders. 76 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS BOTANY. A herbarium containing 30,000 phanerogams and 1500 cryptogams, especially complete in North American species; 1000 specimens of economic products. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 2000; Rocks, 1000; Economic series, 400 specimens, including a valuable series of marbles and granites, and a series of iron ores with their furnace products. PALEONTOLOGY. 4300 specimens; 300 casts of fossil vertebrates (chiefly from Ward); 300 fossils from the coal measures; 500 crinoids, 200 trilobites, and 3000 corals, brachiopods, gastropods, cephalopods, etc. , from the Keokuk group at Crawf ordsville ; fossil fishes from Persia ; and a series of mammalian fossils from California. The illustrative material is valuable and fairly representative. The series of fossils is carefully arranged to portray the development of life from early primordial times to the present. Some groups of devonian and sub-carboniferous forms are well represented, and have furnished types for various species of crinoids, etc., for which the beds in the near vicinity are famous. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 1000; Insects, 1000; Other invertebrates, 300; Fishes, 50; Batrachians, 50; Reptiles, 25; Birds, 100; Mammals, 40. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was established by Dr. H. Hovey, and maintained by private contributions for many years. Later purchases have been made by the college. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum receives $200 of the appro- priation for the department of biology, and occasional gifts from other sources. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the board of trustees of the college. SCOPE. The collections are chiefly used for teaching purposes in the college. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public. No statistics of attend- ance are available. CROWN POINT: OLD SETTLERS AND HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION OF LAKE COUNTY. This organization is said by Thwaites to maintain a small museum illustrating pioneer life and natural history. FRANKLIN: FRANKLIN COLLEGE. Gorby Collection. This collection is used primarily for college teaching but is also accessible to visitors. It is carefully labeled and cataloged and occupies BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 77 a large well-lighted room in the main building of the college. It is in charge of J. W. Adams, professor of geology, and includes about 300 arrowheads, axes, and other relics of American Indians, and 300 speci- mens from cliff dwellings; about 35,000 fossils, mostly Silurian, devonian, or carboniferous; 2000 shells, several hundred echinoderms, 200 Crustacea, about 800 bird eggs, etc. GOSHEN: ELKHART COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society was organized in 1896 and occupies a room in the county court house, where it maintains a historical museum, including about 400 Indian stone implements; domestic and other implements and articles used by early settlers; documents, photographs, and local publications of early date relating to the county; a cabinet of curios from the Philippine Islands; mastodon tusks and elk antlers from Elk- hart County; a collection of military relics and records; etc. There are no regular funds for the support of the museum, and the exhibi- tion cases .have been provided by the county. The museum is open free to the public on week-days from 8 to 5 . HANOVER: HANOVER COLLEGE. No reply has been received from this institution, which is said by Merrill to have a teaching collection of 500 geological specimens, chiefly local. INDIANAPOLIS: ART ASSOCIATION OF INDIANAPOLIS. John Herron Art Institute. The John Herron Art Institute comprises a fine arts museum and a school, each having its own building on grounds at Sixteenth and Pennsylvania Streets. It is conducted by the Art Association of Indianapolis, to which funds were bequeathed for the purpose by John Herron in 1896. These funds have since been increased by other endowment. Additional income is derived from annual dues of $10 each from about 500 members and by an appropriation of about $9000 annually from the school board of Indianapolis. The institute is administered by William Henry Fox, director, William Coughlen, secretary of the art association, and Anna E. Turrell, curator of the museum and school property. COLLECTIONS. The museum possesses a permanent collection of about 80 paintings; some casts; and a collection of miscellaneous 78 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS art objects, including a valuable series of Chinese robes and embroid- ery. The active life of the institute dates from November 20, 1906, when the museum was opened to the public, and its acquisitions, aside from the painting collection, have been made mainly since that time. An art library was opened in 1909 containing about 300 books; periodicals on art subjects; about 400 prints, etchings, and engravings; 150 large Braun carbon photographs of masterpieces of art; a collec- tion of miscellaneous photographs of art and architectural subjects; and a very good collection of catalogs of public and private collections, including those of the J. Pierpont Morgan collection of paintings and miniatures. The permanent collection of paintings is contemporary in character and is mainly of American art. BUILDING. The building, erected in 1906, has a frontage of 125 feet and a depth of 80 feet. It encloses three sides of a sculpture court and is constructed with a view to subsequent enlargement. The first floor has the administrative offices, the library, galleries for the dis- play of objects in cases, and the sculpture court. On the second floor are top-lighted galleries for paintings. There are 1 1 of these galleries in all, of which the largest has a floor space of 2100 square feet. ATTENDANCE. The museum is open on week-days from 9 to 5, on Sundays from i to 6, and Wednesday evenings from 7.30 to 10. An admission fee of 25 cents is charged on week-days and 10 cents on Sundays. Occasional free days are appointed by the directors. INDIANA STATE MUSEUM. This museum is housed in the state house, where it occupies a floor space of about 4200 square feet. It is devoted to the geology and natural history of the state, and the state geologist, W. S. Blatchley, acts as curator. The only assistant is a janitor or custodian, and there are no special funds for the maintenance of the museum. The collec- tions are open free to the public daily, except holidays, from 8 to 5. The attendance is large but statistics are not available. UNIVERSITY OF INDIANAPOLIS— BUTLER COLLEGE. The college maintains teaching collections, including stone imple- ments from the United States; fossils and minerals; land, fresh-water, and marine shells; invertebrates in alcohol (largely from New Eng- land); fresh-water and marine fishes; reptiles and amphibians. The collections occupy about 1800 square feet of floor space, and are in charge of H. L. Bruner, professor of zoology. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 6 acres, established in 1899, containing 14 birds and 61 mammals. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 79 LAFAYETTE: PURDUE UNIVERSITY. The university maintains collections for teaching purposes in connection with its scientific departments as follows: Anthropology, 1000 specimens. Botany, 5000 phanerogams, 2000 cryptogams, 500 specimens of seeds and economic products. Engineering, a railway museum containing a number of historic locomotives and other mate- rial illustrating railway development in America. Geology and paleon- tology, 1000 minerals and 4000 fossils. Zoology, 13,000 specimens, including the Scheuch and other collections comprising about 6000 mollusks; the Scheuch collection of 6000 coleoptera; 500 fishes; the A. W. Butler collection of reptiles and batrachians of Indiana; and an almost complete series of birds and mammals of Indiana, numbering 500 specimens. MARION: GRANT COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The secretary reports that the society maintains a museum in connection with the library, but no further information has been received. NEWCASTLE: HENRY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society was organized in 1887. In 1901 it acquired its pres- ent building, in which about 1000 square feet of floor space is devoted to a museum and a historical library. The scope of the museum includes the aboriginal life, geology and mineralogy, natural history, history, and industries of Henry County and vicinity. The library at present contains 500-800 volumes. NOBLESVILLE: HAMILTON COUNTY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. This association maintains a small collection of historical relics, etc., in a room in the county court house. The expense of maintaining the collections up to $50 per annum is borne by the county. NOTRE DAME: NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY. The university states that museum collections are maintained but has not replied to repeated requests for further information. 80 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS RICHMOND: EARLHAM COLLEGE. The Joseph Moore Museum. STAFF. Curator, Allen David Hole; i student assistant; several student attendants. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples : Archeology, native, 3 2oo± , foreign, 200±; Ethnology, native, ioo±, foreign, ioo±. Civilized peoples, ancient, 5o±, modern, ioo±. The majority of the archeo- logical specimens are arrowheads and stone implements from the Ohio- Mississippi Valley. BOTANY. A herbarium containing 2oo± cryptogams and ioo± phanerogams. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. About 200 specimens, mostly models, illustrating the pioneer industries of the Ohio Valley. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 23oc±, in storage, 3oo±; Rocks, on exhibition, iooo±, in storage, 300±; i relief map; Frag- ments of the " Homestead" (Iowa), and the "Kiowa" (Kansas) meteorites. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 8ooo±, in storage, 2ooo±, type specimen of Lepadocystis (Lepadocrinus) moorei Meek; Vertebrates, ioo±, type specimen, a mounted skeleton of Castor oides ohioensis Foster; Plants, 400±. There is a mounted skeleton of a mastodon. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 6ooo±, in storage, iooo±; Insects, 30oo±; Other invertebrates, ioco±; Fishes, 2oo±; Batra- chians, ioo±; Reptiles, ioo±; Birds, noo±; Mammals, 2oo±. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The beginning of the museum dates from the early days of the Friends' Boarding School (now Earlham College), founded in 1847; it at first consisted of a few fossils and minerals collected for the purpose of instruction in geology. The present development is largely due to the efforts of Professor Joseph Moore from 1853 to 1905. The office of curator of the museum was created in 1888, and Professor Moore was appointed to the place. A complete classified list of all specimens is now in preparation. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Chiefly by college funds, with occasional subscriptions from other sources. BUILDING. The museum occupies rooms in a college building, having about 5500 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and about 1000 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the board of trustees of the college. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 8 1 SCOPE. The collections are intended chiefly for use by the col- lege classes but some emphasis is placed upon instruction of the general public, attendants being present each day to give assistance in the examination of specimens, and classes from the public schools, in charge of their teachers, are made welcome at the museum. LIBRARY. The library of the museum is merged with the library of the college. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 8 to 12 and from i to 5. The attendance in 1908 was 3612. SOUTH BEND: NORTHERN INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society was incorporated in 1896 and maintains a museum of ethnological, historical, and pioneer objects, and a library of 8222 volumes, in charge of George A. Baker, secretary, and occupying 9600 square feet of floor space in a stone building owned by the county. The library and museum are open free to the public daily from 9 to 5. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 25 acres, established in 1901, containing 26 reptiles, 35 birds, and 33 mammals. UPLAND: TAYLOR UNIVERSITY. Walker Museum. No reply has been received from this museum, which is said by Merrill to comprise 500 fossils, 1000 minerals, 100 mounted birds and mammals, a collection of local plants and wood specimens, 300 Indian relics, and a collection of coins and postage stamps. IOWA CEDAR FALLS: IOWA STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE. The college maintains a museum representing the natural history of Iowa., The most important collections consist of implements of the stone age gathered from mounds in the vicinity. The museum is used primarily for instruction of public school teachers. A building is now being erected at a cost of $175,000 to house the museum and the college library. CEDAR RAPIDS: IOWA MASONIC LIBRARY AND MUSEUM. This is said to be the only library building ever erected by a Grand Lodge, and in addition to a very extensive Masonic library 82 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS contains a general museum including natural history specimens and articles of interest in connection with local and masonic history. COLLEGE SPRINGS: AMITY COLLEGE. The college maintains in connection with the biological laboratory, and in charge of the instructor in biology, collections including about 200 specimens of wood from Page County; 30 kinds of minerals and 150-200 kinds of rocks; 300 fossils; and about 200 zoological specimens. This material is largely the result of local collections made by students, with gifts from alumni and friends of the college. The museum oc- cupies one room but there are no provisions for its care other than that given by students. DAVENPORT: DAVENPORT ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Museum. STAFF. Acting director, E. K. Putnam; Curator and acting librarian, J. H. Paarmann; Assistant curator, Sarah G. F. Sheldon; Taxidermist, John Paddock; i janitor. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, 23,500=^ foreign, ioo±; Ethnology, native, 1400, foreign, 2oo±. These collections include the following items: 1300 specimens of ancient pottery from the lower Mississippi Valley, 15 from the upper Mississippi Valley, and 1 6 from cliff dwellings; 14,700 chipped implements, 1200 pecked imple- ments, 800 polished implements of stone from the upper Mississippi Valley; 350 bone implements and 65 carved pipes from mounds of Iowa and Illinois; 2000 shell beads, 50 miscellaneous articles of shell, 34 copper axes, 300 copper beads, and 36 other copper articles from Iowa mounds; 2oo± crania from mounds of Mississippi Valley; and iooo± miscellaneous mound relics. BOTANY. A fairly complete herbarium of local flowering plants and a collection of log specimens illustrating native trees of Iowa. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. Collections illustrating the origin, cultivation, manufacture, uses, etc., of common things. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, n,ooo±, in storage, 5ooo±; Rocks, 6oo±; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 3oo±; Economic geology, 3OO±. HISTORY. 4oo± specimens. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 6ooo±; Vertebrates, ioo±; Plants, 6ooo±. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 83 ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 5oo±, in storage, 2o,ooo±; Insects, i5,ooo±; Other invertebrates, 2ooo±; Fishes, ioo±; Batra- chians, 12; Reptiles, ioo±; Birds, 85o±; Mammals, 60. There are also 42 mammal heads, 147 pairs of horns, 300 sets of bird eggs, and 100 skeletons of mammals. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Davenport Academy of Natural Sci- ences was organized in 1867 and incorporated in 1868; the present name was adopted in 1903. The active membership has grown from 50 in the first year to 300 at present. The museum was begun in 1868 and has been affiliated with the public schools since 1902. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The academy receives $1644 annually from endowment and $873 from memberships. BUILDING. Erected in 1878 at a cost of about $15,000 paid by subscription, the building affords 12,000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 1200 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to a board of trustees. SCOPE. One of the primary objects of the museum is public school work. The curator supervises the nature study of the public schools of Davenport, using material from the museum for illustration. Special attention is also given to the maintenance of local collections. Other objects of the museum are exploration, research, and instruc- tion of the general public. An annual course of lectures has been maintained since 1902. LIBRARY. 53,170 accessions, of which about 6000 are bound volumes, are accessible to both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS. The academy has issued 12 volumes of Proceed- ings, beginning in 1876. ATTENDANCE. Open on week-day afternoons and on the first Sunday a f ternoon in each month. Admission is free except on Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday afternoons when a fee of 10 cents is charged. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 10 acres, established in 1904, containing about 100 birds and 34 mammals. DES MOINES: HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT OF IOWA. Museum. The museum was begun in 1892 by Charles Aldrich, founder of the department. It is devoted to popular and research collections covering the political and natural history of Iowa and the Middle West, which have increased rapidly in the number and diversity of 84 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS objects. The museum is in charge of T. Van Hyning, assistant curator, under the direction of Edgar R. Harlan, curator of the department and successor to the founder after the death of the latter, March 8, 1908, The museum is now being organized in a fireproof building recently completed by the state for the housing of the department. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 50 acres, established in 1896, containing 6 birds and 75 mammals. DUBUQUE: HERRMANN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. STAFF. Archeologist, Arthur Herrmann; Botanist, Henry Herr- mann; Librarian, Rosalie Herrmann; Taxidermist, Oscar Herrmann. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, 20oo±; Ethnology, native, 2oo±, foreign, 50. Civilized peoples, ancient, 2O±. ART. Sculpture, 6; Prints and engravings, 5o±; Oil paintings, 9; Water colors, 20; Ceramics, 25. There is also a collection of mats and basketry, chiefly from the Pacific coast. BOTANY. 4oo± pressed plants of Dubuque County; 200 plants from Vancouver, Philippines, southern California, etc.; 50 mosses, lichens, etc. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. 5o± specimens illustrating Illinois and Wisconsin mining industries; 200 specimens illustrating the pearl button industry, etc. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 8oo±; Rocks, 5oo±; Dynamic geology, etc., 20. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 30,000 ; Vertebrates, 5000 ; Plants 1000. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 1000; Insects, 300; Other invertebrates, 200; Fishes, 2; Batrachians, i; Reptiles, 3; Birds, 50; Mammals, 10. The museum is the property of the Herrmann family. It was founded about 1880 by Richard Herrmann and now occupies about 800 square feet of floor space for exhibition in the Herrmann residence. It is open free to the public and is much used by teachers and scholars. FAYETTE: UPPER IOWA UNIVERSITY. Museum. STAFF. Curator, Guy West Wilson, who is also professor of biology. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 8$ ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, 120; Ethnology, native, 250, foreign, 120. These collections include a few American prehis- toric remains and a collection from the Philippine Islands. BOTANY. A herbarium of about 1000 phanerogams, for the most part from northeastern Iowa. Collections of the local lower flora are in process of formation. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 490; Rocks, 100; Dynamic geology, etc., 50; Economic collections, 100. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 285; Vertebrates, 15; Plants, 40. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 965; Insects, 4 cases for demonstration; Other invertebrates, 230; Fishes, 120; Batrachians and reptiles, 20; Birds, 62; Mammals, 36; Embryology, 25; Bird eggs, 75. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was founded in 1857 and has always been an adjunct of the chair of natural sciences. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. From the funds of the departments of biology and geology. BUILDING. The museum occupies 1500 square feet of floor space in Science Hall. SCOPE. College teaching and maintenance of local collections. GRINNELL: GRINNELL COLLEGE. Parker Museum of Natural History. This museum occupies a part of Blair Hall and comprises botani- cal, geological, paleontological, and zoological collections, used pri- marily for purposes of instruction, but open free to the public on Saturday afternoon from 2 to 4. INDEPENDENCE: FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY. The library contains a museum collection in temporary charge of S. W. Geiser, including the Walker collection of 2000 mollusks, and the Geiser collection of 700 minerals. It is intended to make this collection as complete a representation as possible of the local fauna and flora. Plans for its financial support are now being considered. IOWA CITY: STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society has a small historical collection but does not empha- size this feature of its work. 86 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA. The university maintains teaching collections, as follows: ANTHROPOLOGY. About 2000 specimens, the greater number from the Philippines, also collections representing the mound builders, North American Indians, Esquimaux, and Hawaiian Islands. BOTANY. A herbarium of about 175,000 specimens, in charge of Thomas H. McBride, professor of botany, and B. Schimick, curator of the herbarium and assistant professor of botany. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. 30,000 specimens including good local collections. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, noo sets, in storage, 46 sets; Insects, on exhibition, 500 boxes, in storage, i2,5oo±, including several types and co-types; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 87 5, in storage, 28,ooo±, including about 300 types and co-types; Fishes, on exhibi- tion, 3 skulls, in storage, 7ooo±; Batrachians, on exhibition, i, in storage, 50; Reptiles, on exhibition, 22, in storage, 5oo±; Birds, on exhibition, 1030, in storage, 10,550; Mammals, on exhibition, 345, in storage, 47 5 . There are 4 large and 6 small groups of animals exhibited in natural surroundings. The collections in anthropology and zoology constitute the museum of natural history, with the following staff: Curator, C. C. Nutting; Assistant curator, H. F. Wickham; Taxider- mist, Homer R. Dill; Assistant, Dayton Stoner; 4 janitors, engineer, etc. The museum occupies 28,000 square feet of floor space for exhibi- tion and storage, and is open free to the public on week-days from 8 to 6, and on two evenings in each week until 10. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum collections are supported by the funds of the university through the departments to which they are related. The natural history museum receives about $2000 annually for taxidermy, etc. MADRID: MADRID HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society maintains a collection of local historical relics occupying 350 square feet of floor space. There is also a historical library of about 200 volumes, with many historic papers and autographs. WAVERLY: WARTBURG TEACHERS SEMINARY. The seminary maintains teaching collections including plaster casts, microscopic preparations, skeletons, apparatus, etc.; and a natural history museum of about 12,000 specimens, including miner- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 87 als, rocks, fossils, ethnological and zoological specimens, and a general herbarium. WINTERSET: MADISON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society has a historical collection of about 100 objects. KANSAS ATCHISON: MIDLAND COLLEGE. The following collections are in charge of D. W. Grouse, professor of physics and chemistry: about 300 casts and original implements of mound builders and American Indians; 2000 classified minerals, and several hundred unclassified; 800 fossils, including a local invertebrate series, miocene invertebrates of Virginia, fossil leaves from the Dakota group in Kansas, etc.; a herbarium of about 200 specimens; 200 birds and 20 other vertebrates. BALDWIN: BAKER UNIVERSITY. Museum. STAFF. Chief curator, C. S. Parmenter; Curators, E. P. Mona- han (ornithology and taxidermy), R. T. Reser (botany); i assistant in taxidermy. COLLECTIONS. Anthropology, 3026; Botany, 45,130; Miner- alogy, 5133; Paleontology, 21,223; Zoology, 57,159. The zoological collection includes 9400 shells, 45,1 13 insects, 631 marine invertebrates, 304 reptiles, 976 birds, 135 mammals, and 1000 bird eggs and nests. There is also a museum library of about 2000 volumes. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By special department fees, amounting to about $400 a year. BUILDING. The museum occupies about 3200 square feet of floor space for exhibition. ATTENDANCE. Open free to students and the general public on week-days. EMPORIA: COLLEGE OF EMPORIA. The college maintains the following collections, in charge of D. C. Schaflner: Archeology, native, 2500, foreign, 50; Botany, 400 (local flora); Minerals, 1500; Rocks, 300; Fossils, 2500; Mollusca, marine, 88 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS 1000, fresh-water, 350 (local); Insects, 250; Other invertebrates, 75; Fishes, 200; Other vertebrates, 25. KANSAS STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. Museum. STAFF. The museum is in charge of W. H. Keller, curator, under the supervision of L. C. Wooster, head of the department of biology and geology. ANTHROPOLOGY. About 300 specimens including Indian relics, Philippine material, etc. Art. The museum has no art collection but the art department of the school has a collection of casts and copies of great works of art, and a series of lantern slides for classroom instruction. BOTANY. Good collections for teaching purposes. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 500; Rocks, 500. This collection includes a good series of stalactites. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 1000 ; Vertebrates, 50 ; Plants, 50. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 400; Insects, 1000; Other invertebrates, 200; Fishes, 25; Batrachians, 10; Reptiles, 50; Birds, 450; Mammals, 100; Bird eggs, 800. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum is largely the result of the work of D. S. Kelly, who was head of the natural history department from 1885 to 1897. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An annual appropriation of $200 from the school. BUILDING. The museum occupies 5200 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 900 for offices, workrooms, etc. in the science building, erected in 1905 at a cost of $50,000. SCOPE AND ATTENDANCE. Maintained primarily for teaching purposes, but also open to the public on week-days from 7.30 to 6. LAWRENCE: UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS. Museums. STAFF. Director, Frank Strong; Curators, Lewis L. Dyche (verte- brate zoology), Clarence E. McClung (vertebrate paleontology), Samuel J. Hunter (entomology), Erasmus Haworth (geology and min- eralogy), William C. Stevens (herbarium), Alexander M. Wilcox (classical museum); Assistant curators, Handel T. Martin (paleon- tology), Charles D. Bunker (vertebrate zoology), Francis X. Williams (entomology). ANTHROPOLOGY. A few hundred specimens on exhibition. BOTANY. A herbarium of about 10,000 species, representative BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 89 of the North American flora. It comprises a good collection of lichens and economic fungi, and of sections of our native woods. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 5000, partly in storage; Rocks, 2000; Thin sections of rocks, iooo±; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., ioo±; Economic geology, iooo+. The collection of rocks includes, in addition to a general series from all parts of the world, a very exten- sive collection of granites, porphy rites, and basic dike rocks from the Missouri crystallines. The economic collection is especially rich in ores, including a very complete series of lead and zinc ores and asso- ciated minerals from the Galena- Joplin district. PALEONTOLOGY. About 10,000 specimens, including extensive collections of American cretaceous and other fossil vertebrates. The invertebrates include about 2000 species, representing all the principal geological formations, but especially rich in Kansas forms. Special mention may be made of the series of fossil birds, which is said to in- clude some of the best specimens known; of a collection of pterodactyls and plesiosaurs, seldom equalled; of a nearly complete representation of cretaceous fishes; and of the series of turtles, including a number of type specimens described by Dr. Williston. There are 13 large mounts, and a series of casts showing the evolution of the horse. In paleo- botany, the Dakota and Comanche cretaceous series are best repre- sented and include many undescribed forms. In addition to the collec- tion of tertiary plants, there is a very large and valuable series of carboniferous plants from Kansas, including many not yet known to science. ZOOLOGY. The general collection includes : Shells, 1000 species from all parts of the world; Alcoholic invertebrates, 500; Birds, 1503 mounted specimens, chiefly from Kansas, and 3453 skins; Mammals, 250 large mounted specimens, 1125 skins, and 8 heads; North American bird eggs, 3572; Skeletons, 1341 mammals, 38 birds, and 7 reptiles. This is said to be one of the most complete collections in the world. Nearly 1000 square feet of floor space is given to a panorama exhibit, 500 feet long, of the larger North American mammals mounted in natural surroundings. In addition to the general collection enumerated above, there is an entomological series of 275,000 specimens, representing 25,000 species of all orders and including 1000 types. There are also extensive bio- nomic collections. The collections in this department are said to be among the largest connected with any educational institution in the United States. Annual collecting expeditions and a regular system of exchange are steadily increasing the size of these collections. QO DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS CLASSICAL MUSEUM. This museum is located in Fraser Hall, and includes many plaster casts, models, relief maps, restorations, plates and engravings, a complete set of Brunn's plates of Greek and Roman sculpture, 55 Braun photographs of the Elgin marbles, photographs illustrating Roman topography and life, miscellaneous art collections, and 1800 stereopticon slides of Greek and Roman views, portraits, buildings, etc. OTHER DEPARTMENTS. The collection of about 2000 specimens for illustrative use from the department of pharmacy is housed in the chemistry building, under the care of Lucius E. Sayre, curator. An extensive collection for the illustration of lectures in the department of chemistry is in charge of Edgar H. S. Bailey, curator. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museums of the university have been built up by the professors in charge of the various departments, during a period of thirty-six years. University exploring parties have accumu- lated most of the material in the natural history section. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By special appropriations from the state, and by university funds. BUILDING. Nearly all the collections are housed in the museum of natural history, completed in 1903 at a cost of $75,000, defrayed by the state. About 30,428 square feet of floor space is available for exhibition, and 6112 for storage, offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a board of regents, appointed by the governor of the state. The regents choose the curators of the depart- ments. SCOPE. College teaching, instruction of the general public, and exploration and research by the staff. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 8 to 5. LINDSBORG: BETHANY COLLEGE. The president reports that the college maintains a museum in charge of E. O. Deere, curator. No reply has been received to repeated requests for further information. This college is said by Merrill to have 2000 anthropological speci- mens, 1500 botanical specimens, 500 fossils, 800 minerals, 1000 zoological specimens, and a large collection of coins, paper money, and postage stamps. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 91 MANHATTAN: KANSAS STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. The college maintains a museum primarily for teaching purposes in charge of T. J. Headlee, curator, and comprising the following col- lections: 1380 trays of shells; 535 cases of insects; 150 mollusksin alcohol; over 500 other invertebrates; 155 fishes; 206 reptiles and batrachians; 339 mounted birds; 67 5 bird skins; 2 70 bird eggs and nests; 585 mammals. There is also a geological collection of 3900 specimens in addition to a number of special working collections. There is a small collection of ethnological specimens. The museum occupies three rooms affording a floor space of about 6000 square feet, and is open free to the public on week-days from 8.30 to 12 and from i to 5. It is supported by appropriations from the board of regents of the college, usually amounting to about $300 annually. SALINA: KANSAS WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY. No information has been received in response to repeated inquiries regarding the collections of this university, which are said by Merrill to include 300 ethnological specimens, 200 native plants, 1 200 minerals, 500 specimens of economic and historical geology, 900 fossils, and 7000 zoological specimens. TOPEKA: KANSAS STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society maintains a museum comprising about 4000 speci- mens of native archeology and 1000 of native ethnology; an art col- lection including 7 busts, 3 tablets, 7140 prints and engravings, 36 oil paintings, and about 100 textiles; a collection of looms, spinning wheels, reels, and old furniture; about 3500 historical specimens; and a collection of about 600 medals, coins, etc. The Kansas State Historical Society was formed in 1875 and has received legislative appropriations since 1877. For the years 1910- ii the appropriation amounts to $10,400 annually, besides printing. There is also an income from the fees of members. A building is now being erected for the society by the state at a cost of $200,000. No funds are available for the purchase of objects for the museum. In addition to the museum the society maintains a historical reference library, including 35,336 books, 37,261 newspapers and magazines, 107,459 pamphlets, 117,593 archives, 44,051 manuscripts, and 6355 maps, etc. The society also issues the following publications: (i) DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS Kansas Historical Collections, 1 1 volumes issued since 1875. (2) Bien- nial reports, 16 issued since 1879. The museum and library are in charge of the secretary of the society, George W. Martin, who is assisted by a staff of 7 persons. WASHBURN COLLEGE. Museum. The college museum formerly contained about 500 fossils, 8000 minerals, 500 rocks, 2000 specimens in zoology, and a herbarium of about 4000 specimens. This collection was damaged by fire about a year ago. The minerals were nearly all saved, but the herbarium was injured by water and the zoological collection suffered seriously. The building has been rebuilt, but the collections are still in storage. The museum is in charge of Ira D. Cardiff, professor of botany. WICHITA: ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park, established in 1905, contain- ing 1 6 mammals. KENTUCKY BOWLING GREEN: OGDEN COLLEGE. The college maintains teaching collections comprising 2000 min- erals, 200 specimens of economic geology, and 2000 fossils. These are in charge of J. W. Morrison, professor of natural science. FRANKFORT: KENTUCKY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society possesses a collection of 54 oil paintings; 12 water colors; numerous prints and engravings; historic china; shells; swords, rifles, flags, etc. ; also books, pamphlets, and newspapers. LEXINGTON: KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. The director of the survey, Charles J. Norwood, reports that its collections are primarily economic and are maintained for the purpose of exhibiting the mineral resources of the state. The records are not in such form as to indicate the number of specimens in the various departments, having been recently removed to a new building. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 93 TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY. The university maintains a museum in charge of Alfred Fair- hurst and Charles Albert Schull, occupying about 2000 square feet of floor space in the new science building completed in 1908. The collec- tions include 100 articles from Japan, consisting of images, household utensils, etc.; 1000 stone implements from the United States; 50 war clubs, bows and arrows, etc., from the islands of the Pacific; 175 Chin- ese coins; 200 rocks; 500 minerals; 600 trays of fossils; 200 species of recent shells; 50 corals; 250 bottles of alcoholic material; 900 mounted birds and 200 skins; 75 of the smaller mammals; etc. Many of the birds were collected by the United States exploring expedition in the Southwest, Mexico, Central and South America. A valuable collec- tion of Australian birds was presented by Mr. O. A. Carr. The museum is open to students and to the public five days in each week during the college year. LOUISVILLE: LOUISVILLE FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY. This library was organized in 1902 and opened to the public in 1905. Into it was merged the Polytechnic Society of Kentucky, organized in 1876, which included an art collection, comprising 26 fine oil paintings and many others of minor importance, valued at $15,000, and 4 statues, valued at $25,000; and a natural history col- lection, consisting of minerals, shells, ferns, birds, etc. The pictures and statuary are exhibited in the library rooms and corridors. The natural history material fills a room 38 x 60 feot-on the ground floor. The museum is open free to the public on week-days from 2 to 5 and on Saturday mornings from 9 to 12. On Sundays it is open from 2 to 6. The attendance since its opening on October 18, 1909, has aver- aged 92 per day. It is expected that the Jefferson Institute of Arts and Sciences, organized in 1909, will ultimately secure a separate building, in which case the library will probably turn its museum material over to the institute. LOUISIANA BATON ROUGE: LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY. The university maintains teaching collections in agriculture, botany, geology, history, and zoology, in charge of the professors of these departments. 94 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS NEW ORLEANS: LOUISIANA HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. Memorial Hall. The association maintains a collection of war relics in Memorial Hall, which is supported by a state appropriation of $1400 a year. The directors of the association are elected annually by the five veteran camps of the city. LOUISIANA STATE MUSEUM. STAFF. Curator, Robert Glenk; Honorary curators, Alcee Fortier (history), George Williamson (archeology). ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, 1000, foreign, 50; Ethnology, native, 100, foreign, 10. Civilized peoples, ancient, 100, modern, 25. There are also photographs of Indian mounds and Indian pottery. ART. Sculpture, 25; Prints and engravings, 121; Oil paintings, 86; Water colors, 10; Ceramics, 50. The collection includes Lamie's painting (i5x 18 feet) of the Battle of New Orleans; and sketch models of the proposed statues to J. J. Audubon, Beauregard, and Bienville. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 100; Phanerogams, 250. There is in addi- tion a large number of forestry specimens. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. Very complete exhibits of all vari- eties of agricultural and horticultural productions of Louisiana, and of local manufactured articles. EDUCATION. A large display of the work of schools, colleges, and sectarian and technical institutions of Louisiana. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 1500; Rocks, 100; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 20. There are special collections of petroleums and sulphur minerals. HISTORY. Portraits, documents, letters, autographs, and other material related to the history of Louisiana. The collection includes the original Antomarchi death mask of Napoleon. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 600; Vertebrates, 100; Plants, 40. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 2000; Insects, 1500; Other invertebrates, 50; Fishes, 300; Batrachians, 40; Reptiles, 100; Birds, 900; Mammals, 100. This department includes a very complete exhibit of the Louisiana oyster industry. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The nucleus of the museum is the Louis- iana exhibit at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. This was main- tained for two years at the expense of the Louisiana commission as the State Exhibit Museum. In 1906 the Louisiana State Museum was established by the legislature and the sum of $10,000 was appropriated BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 95 for its maintenance for two years. It has developed rapidly and has now outgrown its present quarters. The city council has recently given the museum two historic buildings for its future home. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By optional appropriation of the state legislature, at present amounting to $5000 annually. BUILDING. The museum at present occupies a rented building affording about 13,000 square feet of floor space for exhibition. Two buildings have been set apart for the museum by the state and to these the collections will soon be transferred. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the president and executive committee of a board of curators (trustees). SCOPE. The museum is the designated repository of all historic and scientific material belonging to the state. Its primary purposes are instruction of the general public and maintenance of local col- lections. LIBRARY. 1000 volumes and 3000 pamphlets relating to history and science and intended for the use of both staff and public. The library includes many historical maps, charts, etc., and a complete set of the elephant folio edition of Audubon's Birds. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Biennial Reports. (2) Guides to places of historic interest in New Orleans. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5. The number of visitors in 1908 was 105,000. TULANE UNIVERSITY. Museum. The collections possessed by the university, now occupying the entire third floor of Gibson Hall, had their origin in the cabinet of minerals and rocks of the New Orleans Academy of Sciences, and the purchase in 1884 of a part of the Ward Natural Science exhibit at the exposition of that year. The museum contains the following col- lections: Anthropology, 500 specimens, chiefly relics of the Indians and the mound builders. Botany, a herbarium of 30,000 specimens, including the famous Hale collections. Mineralogy, 8000 specimens. Paleontology, 6ooo± specimens. Invertebrate zoology, 300 sponges, 200 corals, 3000 shells, 300 Blaschka glass models of coelenterates, holothurians, vermes, etc., 200 crustaceans. Vertebrate zoology, a nearly complete representation of Louisiana fresh and salt-water fishes, in all about 800 specimens; noo batrachians', including the Kohn collection of over 200 mounted turtles of North America; 5000 birds, comprising a complete representation of Louisiana and North American species, and a number of groups; 300 mammals; 200 skel- etons. 96 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS The museum receives a small yearly appropriation from the Tulane Academy fund and a yearly donation from an interested friend. It is in charge of George E. Beyer, curator, and will soon be open free to the public. MAINE AUGUSTA: KENNEBEC HISTORICAL SOCIETY. No reply has been received to repeated requests for information regarding the collections of this society, which are said by Merrill to include a general collection of minerals, and other natural history specimens. BRUNSWICK: BOWDOIN COLLEGE. Art Collections. (Walker Art Building.) STAFF. Curator, Henry Johnson. COLLECTIONS. The sculpture hall contains 2 Hellenistic and Roman marbles and 1 1 casts of classical figures and groups of stat- uary, in addition to mural decorations by John La Farge, Elihu Vedder, Abbott Thayer, and Kenyon Cox. The Sophia Walker gallery con- tains specimens of ancient glass, Roman sculpture, old Flemish tapes- try, oriental ivory carvings, miniatures, etc., with paintings and drawings by Corot, Millet, Troyon, Daubigny, R. Bonheur, Mauve, La Farge, and other modern artists of high rank, and a bronze relief portrait, by French, of Theophilus Wheeler Walker. The Bow- doin gallery contains about 100 paintings, chiefly by early American artists, and 150 original drawings by old and modern masters. The Boyd gallery contains the Boyd collection of paintings; a collection of Japanese and Chinese works of art, loaned by Professor William A. Houghton; the Cowles collection of objects of oriental art, formerly a part of the Houghton collection; the Virginia Dox collection of objects of native American art; and other collections given or loaned by friends of the college. An Assyrian room in the basement contains 5 gypsum slabs from Nineveh, carved in bas-relief and bearing cunei- form inscriptions. These were presented in 1857 by Henri Byron Haskell, Esq. There are also a few hundred lantern slides and a series of heliotype reproductions of works of art. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Hon. James Bowdoin bequeathed his collection to the college in 1811. The Boyd collection was presented in 1810 and was supplemented in 1859 by the bequest of property valued at over $10,000. These collections were housed in the college chapel previous to the erection of the present building. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 97 FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By the income from endowment. BUILDING. Erected from designs by McKim, Mead, & White, in 1892, by the Misses Harriet and Sophia Walker of Waltham,Mass., as a memorial of their uncle, the late Theophilus Wheeler Walker. It is 100 feet in length by 73 in depth and is constructed of granite, lime- stone, and brick. In addition' to the exhibition space it affords, in the basement, a lecture room, a room of Assyrian sculpture, curator's and students' rooms, etc. SCOPE. In addition to the exhibition of art collections, a limited amount of educational work is carried on by means of explanatory demonstrations by the curator. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public about 5 hours each week- day. The attendance is about 9500 a year. The college also has portraits and other art objects in the chapel, the library, and Memorial and Massachusetts halls. The scientific departments maintain small teaching collections regarding which detailed information is not available. ELIOT: WILLIAM FOGG LIBRARY. In response to an inquiry addressed to the Eliot Historical Society it is stated that the William Fogg Library maintains a small museum. No further information has been received. HINCKLEY: GOOD WILL HOME ASSOCIATION. This institution maintains a collection including about 600 specimens of geology and mineralogy, 75 birds, 40 mammals, 10 fishes, 75 archeological specimens, etc. The original museum was burned about five years ago, and the present collection has been gathered at a cost of about $2000. NORTH BRIDGTON: BRIDGTON ACADEMY. The academy has a general natural history museum occupying a wooden building 30x40 feet and used primarily for class instruction. ORONO: UNIVERSITY OF MAINE. Museum of Natural History. STAFF. Director, Oilman A. Drew; Curators, Oilman A.Drew, (zoology), Lucius H. Merrill (geology), Mintin A. Chrysler (botany); Assistant curator and taxidermist, Cyrus S. Winch (zoology). 98 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ANTHROPOLOGY. i5o± local specimens. BOTANY. 15,000^ specimens, including the Halsted collection of New England lichens; the Cummings and Seymour collection of lichens; Cook's illustrative collection of fungi; the Ellis and Everhard collection of fungi; the Underwood collection of liverworts; the Sul- livan and Lesquereaux collection of mosses; the Blake herbarium of io,ooo± cryptogams and phanerogams; the Halsted collection of weeds and the Harvey collection of weeds and forage plants of Maine; and a special herbarium of cryptogams and phanerogams of Maine. GEOLOGY. A good teaching collection, including a series of Maine minerals and an economic collection of 3oo± specimens. PALEONTOLOGY. A general teaching collection of about 500 specimens. ZOOLOGY. A general collection of about 1000 specimens, includ- ing much local material, and several groups of animals exhibited in natural surroundings. ORRS ISLAND: ORRS ISLAND LIBRARY. This is an incorporated institution maintained largely by summer visitors. As one branch of its educational work it maintains a museum devoted to the fauna and flora of the island and surrounding waters. The collections include a herbarium of about 300 specimens, a col- lection of 100 shells, 30 invertebrates in fluid, 12 snakes, and occasional representatives of other classes. These collections are in charge of Ellen M. Mountfort, librarian, and John L. Stilphen, assistant. PARIS: HAMLIN MEMORIAL HALL. While this is primarily a library of about 2000 volumes it also contains portraits of the Hamlin family, and an interesting exhibit of cut tourmalines and tourmaline crystals from neighboring Mt. Mica. The building was formerly the county jail and was deeded to the Paris Hill Library Association about 1902, through the efforts of Dr. Augus- tus Choate Hamlin of Bangor, Maine, as a memorial to his son. Dr. Hamlin at his death endowed the library in the sum of $5000. The library and museum are open free to the public, through the summer months, on Mondays from 3 to 4.30 and on Wednesday and Saturday evenings from 7.30 to 9. During the winter it is open only on Wednes- days from 2.30 to 4 and from 7.30 to 9. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 99 POLAND SPRING: POLAND SPRING ART GALLERY. The gallery is in charge of Nettie M. Ricker, art director, and has no permanent collections, but holds an annual art exhibition. PORTLAND: MAINE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society has a good collection of historical relics of Maine. PORTLAND SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. Museum. (22 Elm Street.) STAFF. Cabinet keeper and librarian, Arthur H. Norton; Curators, Dana W. Fellows (botany), Mrs. Helen A. Lewis (entomo- logy), Arthur H. Norton (ethnology), H. M. Mailing (mineralogy). ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, 2ooo±, foreign, 573±; Ethnology, native, 2oo±, foreign, 2oo±. Civilized peoples, ancient, 2oo±, modern, i5o±. ART. Prints and engravings, 5o± ; Oil paintings, 3oo± ; Water colors, 5o±; Ceramics, 5o±; Textiles, ioo±. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 2068; Phanerogams, 11,610; Woods, 1000 ; Fruits and seeds, 2000. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 5ooo±, in storage, 30oo±. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 25oo±; Vertebrates, 5oo±; Plants, 1000, including 4 figured specimens. Of special interest is the Perry collection of devonian plants of Maine, and local post- pliocene marine fossils. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 7135^1," in storage, 2ooo±; Insects, on exhibition, 200, in storage, 1000; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 250, in storage, iooo±; types and figured specimens, 2; Fishes, on exhibition, 37, in storage, 100; Batrachians, 50; Reptiles, on exhibition, 55, in storage, ioo±; Birds, on exhibition, 400, in stor- age, i5oo±, types, i; Mammals, on exhibition, 27, in storage, 17; Bird nests, 91, eggs, 581. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The society was organized in 1843 and incorporated in 1850. In 1854 its museum and library, including the entire collection of shells of Dr. Jesse W. Mighels, with many types, were destroyed by fire. In 1866 the museum and library were again destroyed by fire, the collections lost at this time including a large series of specimens gathered by the second state geological survey — minerals and fossils by C. H. Hitchcock, plants by George L. Goodale, etc. IOQ DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The society receives approximately the following amounts annually: income from endowment, $272, from an optional city appropriation, $300, from memberships, $200, from other sources, $275. BUILDING. Erected in 1879 at a cost of $20,000, defrayed by subscription, the building affords 2608 square feet of floor space for exhibition, 1313 for offices, workrooms, etc., and 1301 for lecture room. ADMINISTRATION. By a cabinet keeper, and committees, re- sponsible to a board of twelve trustees, of which he is one. SCOPE. Public school work, instruction of the general public, and maintenance of local collections. LIBRARY. 4500 bound volumes in addition to pamphlets, maps, etc., of a scientific character, intended for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Journal, discontinued when i part had been issued. (2) Proceedings, 2 volumes (10 parts) issued. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 2 to 4 ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of half an acre, established in 1890, containing about 50 birds and 20 mammals. SACO: YORK INSTITUTE. The secretary reports that the institute maintains a museum, but no reply has been received to repeated requests for further information regarding the collections, which are said by Thwaites to comprise local historical material and a portrait gallery. WATERVILLE: COLBY COLLEGE. ANTHROPOLOGY. A series of masks of Pacific Islanders. ART. A collection of portraits of distinguished benefactors and friends of the college; casts of noted pieces of sculpture; and sets of photographs and representations for the illustration of lectures on the history of art. BOTANY. A herbarium of about 1500 specimens of native plants; 200 microscopic sections of plant tissues and organs; and models of typical plants. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. A general collection of 3500 minerals; a state geological collection; a series of New York rocks; BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES IOI Rosenbusch's set of 490 massive rocks and 100 European crystalline schists; 150 specimens of typical American rocks; 86 hand specimens of rocks illustrating precambrian geology; 400 thin sections of typical rocks; 175 crystal models; a series of 600 characteristic American fossils and casts of some foreign species; a number of relief maps, models, etc.; 725 geological photographs; and about 500 lantern slides. ZOOLOGY. A teaching collection comprising a synoptic collection of invertebrates; a number of mounted vertebrate skeletons; and 200 histological preparations. The art collections are housed in Memorial Hall and the science collections in Coburn Hall. MARYLAND ANNAPOLIS: MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. The survey maintains in the old hall of delegates at the state house a large collection of applied geology, relating chiefly to Mary- land. This collection is open free to the public daily and is visited by several thousand people annually. The working collections of the survey in paleontology, mineralogy, and historic and economic geology are in Baltimore, in charge of William Bullock Clark, state geologist, as is also a working library of over 1000 volumes, consisting largely of geological reports. Serial reports and monographs are issued by the survey. BALTIMORE: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. The university has no central museum but working collections are maintained in connection with the scientific departments, those in geology, zoology, and botany being especially extensive. MARYLAND ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. (105 West Franklin St.) STAFF. The museum is in charge of P. R. Uhler, president of the academy. ANTHROPOLOGY. ioo,ooo± artifacts of aborigines of Maryland. BOTANY. A large collection of Maryland plants, including mosses, lichens, fungi, and algae, as well as flowering plants, and a collection of woods of the state. GEOLOGY. 2000 species of minerals; a typical collection of Mary- land rocks; and a few hundred specimens of dynamic geology. The I02 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS Chatard collection, while covering the whole field of mineralogy, is rich in European specimens, and in those from Pennsylvania, Mary- land, and North Carolina localities, particularly the great variety of quartz and corundum occurring in North Carolina, and the zeolites from the gneiss of Jones' Falls near Baltimore, where the old localities are largely exhausted or built over. The Dalrymple collection con- tains principally European specimens. PALEONTOLOGY. A series including all fossils described from the state of Maryland, and a large general collection. There are two large and probably unique exhibits showing a miocene and an upper silurian (Helderberg) coral reef, in which all the specimens are obtained from Maryland localities. ZOOLOGY. The collections are confined to Maryland and include a small collection of typical land and marine shells; 10,000 species of insects; 600 species of birds; and the typical fishes, reptiles, and mam- mals of the state. Many of the birds and mammals are mounted in small groups with natural surroundings. Beside the above, a large case contains a reproduction of a characteristic coral reef of the Carib- bean region, including 37 or more species of recent corals arranged exactly as in nature. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The collections gathered by the academy from 1859 to 1882 were presented to the Johns Hopkins University; after this and prior to 1890 the building now occupied by the academy became available and a museum was started for the maintenance of Maryland collections. BUILDING. A former residence occupying a lot 50x150 feet; given to the academy by Enoch Pratt, Esq., a member. SCOPE. Maintenance of local collections. LIBRARY. More than 1000 volumes intended for the use of the academy. PUBLICATIONS. The society has issued one volume of over 400 pages, and has a second in course of publication. WALTERS GALLERY. This gallery contains a private collection, including over 750 paint- ings, 100 water colors and designs, and a host of art treasures, compris- ing marbles, bronzes, terra cottas, carved ivories, porcelains, potteries, ancient and modern jewelry, enamels, carved woods, tapestries, lacquers, miniatures, and rugs. Through the courtesy of the owner,' Mr. H. Walters, the galleries are open to the public on Wednesdays and Saturdays from January i to April 30 between the hours of BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 103 1 1 and 4. The proceeds from the admission fees of 50 cents are received by the Poor Association of Baltimore, following the custom of the elder Mr. Walters, who adopted it in 1873. THE WOMAN'S COLLEGE OF BALTIMORE. Museum. STAFF. Director, Arthur Barneveld Bibbins. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology and ethnol- ogy, native, 2o,ooo±, foreign, 2ooo±. Civilized peoples, ancient, 500, modern, 50. ART. Sculpture, 1 2 ; Prints and engravings, iooo± ; Oil paintings, 10 ; Water colors, 36; Ceramics, 25; Textiles, 12; Lantern slides, 400. ASTRONOMY. $o± lantern slides and i small telescope. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 2ooo±; Phanerogams, 8ooo±". COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. Oil, iron, tin, copper, zinc, and phos- phates, yooi. GEOGRAPHY. Lantern slides and stereographs, 5oo±. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 2o,ooo±; Rocks, iooo±; Dynamic and structural geology, relief maps, models, etc., 5oo±; Microscopic slides, 35oo±. HISTORY. American, ioo±, foreign, 50. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, iooo±, in storage, 5o±; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 12, types and figured specimens, 2 (miocene whale skulls); Plants, on exhibition, 25o±, in storage, 5oo±, types and figured specimens, 7 (cycads). This department includes extensive collections from the Potomac group, comprising more than 100 silicified cycad and palm trunks from Maryland. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 500; Other invertebrates, 100; Fishes, 12; Reptiles, 2; Birds and eggs, 2000; Mammals, 10. OTHER COLLECTIONS. Coins and medals, 25oo±; Babylonian tablets, ancient and modern, 24±; "Tyndall Iceland Spars" and Foucault prisms valued at several thousand dollars. President- emeritus Goucher also has, in his adjoining residence, a select collection of rare books, prints, ethnologic and mineralogic material, gems, etc., which he considers part of the college collections. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was established about 1893, the first accession being a collection of 250 minerals from the late John W. Lee of Baltimore. Most of the subsequent accessions have come as gifts or by purchase by friends of the college. The number of objects exceeds 100,000. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum receives occasional college appropriations. The director serves without salary, in connection with his duties as head of the department of geology. 104 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS BUILDING. The museum occupies the center pavilion of Goucher Hall, erected in 1886, which affords about 2000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and about 1000 for offices, dark-room, workroom, storeroom, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to the president of the college. SCOPE. College instruction is the primary purpose of the museum ; field investigation is undertaken as time permits. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 6 acres, established in 1882, containing 4 reptiles, 72 birds, and 83 mammals. BELAIR: HARFORD COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society occupies a room in the court house, in which it main- tains a collection of articles of local historical interest, including photographs, private papers, books, files of county newspapers, etc. An effort is being made to secure a new building for these collec- tions in combination with a library and reading room. ELLTCOTT CITY: ROCK HILL COLLEGE. The college has a museum including about 800 photographs, coins, musical instruments, native manuscripts, etc. from Ceylon, and plaster casts of American Indian relics; a herbarium of 2500 specimens, including a complete set of the ferns of Howard County; and a teaching collection of about 2000 minerals. MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST: AMHERST COLLEGE. Museum. STAFF. The collections are in charge of B. K. Emerson (geology) and F. B. Loomis (zoology). ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, 3o,ooo±, foreign, 5oo±; Ethnology, native, 50, foreign, 5oo±. This collection comprises about 7000 specimens from the Connecticut Valley, including the Gilbert collection of stone relics of American Indians found within 50 miles of Amherst College; about 2000 from the Maine shell heaps; 2000 from New England in general; about 10,000 from the Champlain Valley; and about 10,000 from the United States in general. There are also BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 105 500 bas-reliefs, cylinders, coins, and seals from Nineveh and Babylon. ' The entrance hall of the library is also lined with large slabs from Nin- eveh. ART. 75 casts of Greek sculpture; 1000 carbon photographs of Italian art; and about 200 miscellaneous objects from Assyria and Babylon. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 4ooo±; Phanerogams, 30oo±. This col- lection includes the Tuckerman lichens. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 3ooo±,in storage, io,ooo±; Rocks, on exhibition, iooo,in storage, io,ooo± ; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 25. The greater part of the minerals in this depart- ment are in the Shepard collection, which is particularly rich in rutiles from Massachusetts and the southern Appalachian region; tourmalines from Paris, Maine; a very complete collection of gems; and a meteorite collection of great value, including 118 aerosiderites and 180 aerolites. There are 2000 specimens illustrating concretionary forms and meta- morphism; many thin sections of rocks; and large collections illustrating the early geological surveys of the New England states, Vermont by Prof. C. B. Adams, Connecticut by Prof. C. U. Shepard, and Mass- achusetts by President E. Hitchcock. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, yoooi, in stor- age, 25,ooo±, types and figured specimens, 25; Vertebrates, on exhibi- tion, 300, in storage, iooo±, types and figured specimens, 40; Plants, on exhibition, 3oo±, in storage, ioo±. Important mounted skeletons and restorations include Megacerops ty/mLoomis (type), Stegmodus longipes E. and L. (type), Eohippus borealis, Mesohippus bairdi, Stenomylus hitchcocki (type). The Hitchcock collection of fossil footprints from the Connecticut Valley is especially noteworthy, numbering over 20,000 tracks containing most of the types. There is also an exceptionally full series of vertebrate fossils from southern pleistocene formations; a general collection of foreign material; and a unique series of carboniferous fishes from Scotland. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 20,000, in storage, 10,000, types and figured specimens, 300^; Insects, on exhibition, 100, in storage, 100; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 300, in storage, 400; Fishes, 40; Batrachians, 25; Reptiles, 50; Birds, on exhibition, 400, in storage, 300; Mammals, on exhibition, 100, in storage, 100. i large winter group of seed-eating birds is exhibited in natural surroundings, and more are contemplated. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum receives an income of $900 annually from endowment; additional support from the college; and I06 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS irregular amounts from subscriptions, averaging about $800 a year. Funds received from subscriptions are chiefly used for buying specific collections or for sending out field parties. BUILDING. The museum occupies 10,000 square feet of floor space for exhibition in a building erected by the college in 1909, at a cost of $90,000. SCOPE. College teaching, exploration, and research. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily. MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. The college maintains teaching collections in connection with its several departments, as follows: AGRONOMY. Samples of grains and seeds of economic impor- tance in field culture. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY. A set of plaster-of-paris models of foreign and domestic breeds of horses, cattle, sheep, and swine; and a col- lection of food stuffs available for the use of the New England farmer. BOTANY. A collection of Massachusetts timber trees, and various specimens illustrating scientific methods of treating trees; and a herbarium comprising 12,000 sheets of fungi, 1200 sheets of lichens and liverworts, 1200 sheets of mosses, and 15,000 species of flowering plants and ferns. There is also a conservatory 28 x 70 feet. CHEMISTRY. Samples of rocks, minerals, soils, raw and manu- factured fertilizers, foods, milk products, fibers, various other vege- table and animal products, and artificial preparations of mineral and organic compounds. ENTOMOLOGY. A large and growing collection of insects, both in the adult and in the early stages. FLORICULTURE. A series of palm, fern, orchid, violet, carnation, and rose greeenhouses. GEOLOGY. A large series of minerals; the state collection of rocks of Massachusetts; a series of Ward's fossils and casts of fossils; models, charts, etc. VETERINARY SCIENCE. Skeletons of the horse, cow, sheep, dog, and pig; and a growing collection of anatomical and pathological specimens. ZOOLOGY. A museum of over 11,000 specimens designed to show as fully as possible the fauna of Massachusetts, and the principles of zoology for teaching purposes. This museum is in charge of C. E. Gordon, curator, and is open free to the public on Saturdays from i to 5 and on other week-days from 2.15 to 4.15. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 1 07 ANDOVER: ABBOT ACADEMY. John-Esther Gallery. A small collection of paintings, engravings, bronzes, and other works of art is administered by the trustees and principal of the acad- emy for the benefit of the students and the local public. Both the collections and the building, which was erected in 1905-7 at a cost of $41,000, are the gift by will of Mrs. John Byers of Andover. The gallery is in charge of a curator and janitor and is open to the public every Saturday afternoon from 2 to 5, with an average attendance of 12. Loan collections are exhibited from time* to time. The academy also possesses teaching collections comprising goo± photographs; 6oo± lantern slides; 4oo± rocks; 3Ooo± invertebrates, chiefly shells; and 150 birds, chiefly African. PHILLIPS ACADEMY. Department of American Archaeology. This department was founded in 1901 by Mr. and Mrs. R. S. Peabody, who provided an endowment of about $187,000 and 40,000 specimens as the nucleus of a museum. The collections now include 74,600 specimens of American archeology and are in charge of Charles Peabody, director, and Warren K. Moorehead, curator, assisted by 2 clerks, i messenger, and i janitor. There is a library of about 4000 volumes on archeology and history. Public lectures are given during the winter and four archeological bulletins have been issued; "The Stone Age" in two volumes, by W. K. Moorehead, is planned for pub- lication in 1910. The building occupied by the department and museum was erected in 1903 at a cost of $50,000; it occupies the site oHhe original Phillips Academy. This is said to be the only preparatory school in the world which has a department of archeology. BEVERLY: BEVERLY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The recording secretary reports that the society maintains a museum, but no further information has been received. BOSTON: BOSTONIAN SOCIETY. Old State House. This society is organized to promote the study of the history of Boston and the preservation of its antiquities. It maintains in the Old State House a large collection of portraits and historical relics, as well as .a library of about 5000 volumes and pamphlets. The I08 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS financial support of the society consists of the income from invested funds, fees of annual members, and annual grants from the common- wealth of Massachusetts and the city of Boston. The collections are open free to the public on week-days, except holidays, from 9 to 4. In summer the hours are 9 to 4.30 (Saturdays, 9 to i). BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. Museum. STAFF. Curator, Charles W. Johnson; Assistant curator, Joseph A. Cushman; Assistants, L. R. Martin and M. E. Carter. BOTANY. The C. J. Sprague collection of 2550 North American lichens; 250 specimens from the Cummings, Williams, Earle, and Sey- mour collections of 700 lichens and fungi; a special New England her- barium of io,ooc± specimens; a general herbarium of 5o,ooo± speci- mens; and an exhibition series of common flowering plants, trees, and shrubs. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 5150; Rocks, 4000; Relief maps, models, etc., 32. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, American, 2600, foreign, 2900, types and figured specimens, 106; Vertebrates, American, 354, foreign, 535, types and figured specimens, 34; Plants, American, 395, foreign, 322, types and figured specimens, 41. There are in addition 9000+ fossils in storage. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 3500, in storage, 15, 500; Insects, on exhibition, 5000, in storage, 25,000+, types and figured specimens, 150+; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 1550, in storage, 3000+, types and figured specimens, 50+; Fishes, on exhibition, 400, in stor- age, 3000+, types and figured specimens, 25+; Batrachians, 250; Reptiles, 500; Birds, on exhibition, 12,000, types and figured specimens, 724; Mammals, 400. The museum collection includes the following New England species: Echinoderms, 33; Mollusks, 350; Crustacea, IS°+', Spiders, mites, etc., 250+; Insects, 6500; Fishes, 180; Reptiles and amphibians, 41 ; Birds, 322 ; Mammals, 68. There are 8 large and 52 small groups of animals exhibited in natural surroundings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The society was founded in 1830 as an outgrowth of the earlier Linnaean Society of New England. It occu- pied the old Atheneum building on Pearl Street for three years; as a result of the rapid growth of the museum and library a new hall on Tremont Street was then occupied and this too was soon outgrown; in 1847 a building on Mason Street was purchased and in 1863 the present building was erected. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By the general funds of the society, which BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES IOQ include an annual income of $13,761 from endowment, $1390 from memberships, and $105 from admission fees to the museum. BUILDING. Erected in 1863 at a cost of $100,000 defrayed by sub- scription; it affords 19,330 square feet of floor space for exhibition, 3800 for the library, and 2720 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, acting under a museum com- mittee, responsible to a board of 24 councilors elected by the society. SCOPE. Maintenance of collections of New England fauna and flora, and research. LIBRARY. 35,000 volumes and 27,000 'pamphlets on geology, botany, zoology, and anthropology. Open to members daily except Sundays, and accessible to others under certain restrictions. It in- cludes sets of journals and transactions of learned societies in all parts of the world, many of which are not available elsewhere in the vicinity of Boston. PUBLICATIONS. The publications were begun in 1834 and now consist of (i) Memoirs, (2) Proceedings, and (3) Occasional Papers. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on Wednesdays and Satur- days from 10 to 4.30, and on Sunday afternoons from i to 4.30. On other week-days an admission fee of 25 cents is charged. No statistics of attendance are available. HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL. Warren Anatomical Museum. The museum comprises 10,000 specimens, illustrating normal, pathological, and comparative anatomy, designed for use in medical instruction and research, and under the care of William F. Whitney, curator, and one preparator. The collection occupies the entire upper half of the administration building with a floor space of 8640 square feet, and is exhibited in alcove cases on the floor and two galleries. It is supported by the income from the Warren Museum fund and the Henry Jackson endowment. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. No reply has been received to repeated requests for information concerning this society, which is said by Thwaites to have been organized in 1791 and to maintain a museum. MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. Although a museum was originally intended to be a part of the institute, none has ever been organized. The teaching collections, however, include about 10,000 fossils, 10,000 minerals, 8000 rocks and economic specimens, and 2000 specimens in structural geology. HO DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS. STAFF. Director, Arthur Fairbanks; Secretary, Benjamin Ives Oilman; Advisor, Okakura-Kakuzo (Chinese and Japanese art); Head of Egyptian expedition, G. A. Reisner; Honorary curator, Frank G. Macomber (Western art except paintings and textiles); Curators, Emil H. Richter (prints), Arthur Fairbanks (classical art); Associate curators, Francis G. Curtis (Chinese and Japanese art); Assistant curators, Lacey D. Caskey (classical art), Langdon Warner (Chinese and Japanese art); Keepers, Edward S. Morse (Japanese pottery), Francis S. Kershaw (Chinese and Japanese art), John B. Potter (paintings); Docent, L. Earle Rowe; Secretary to director and registrar, Sidney N. Deane; Librarian, Morris Carter; Assistants, J. Arthur McLean (Chinese and Japanese art), L. Earle Rowe (Egyp- tian art), Florence V. Paull (Western art except paintings and textiles), Sarah G. Flint (textiles), Francis E. Turner (photographs); Assistant librarian, Martha Fenderson; Superintendent of building, W. W. Mc- Lean; Assistant superintendent, James F. McCabe; 24 office assistants; 30 superintendent's assistants. COLLECTIONS. Egyptian Art: Sculptures, including royal statues from the Mycerinus Pyramid Temple at Gizeh; smaller objects includ- ing cut leather garment of 1350 B. c., gold ornaments, and tiles. Classical Art: Sculptures, including Three-sided Relief (5th century), Head of Aphrodite, female head from Chios (4th century), Head of Homer (Hellenistic) ; terra cottas, including Portrait-Head (Roman) ; vases; bronzes; coins; and gems, including Marlborough Cameo (Graeco-Roman). Chinese and Japanese Art: Sculptures of wood, bronze, marble, and lacquer from the 5th century to the present time; paintings, including the Hokke Mandara (5th century) and the Heiji Monogatari Roll (13 th century) ; early Chinese pottery; Chinese bronze mirrors, swords, and lesser works in sculptured iron, bronze, silver, and gold; lacquers and porcelains. Western Art. Paintings: Spanish, Italian, Flemish, Dutch, French, English, and American, including Don Baltazar Carlos and His Dwarf, Velasquez; Slave Ship, Turner; Wat- son and the Shark, Copley; Athenaeum Heads of George and Martha Washington, Stuart. Mohammedan Art: Pottery, including Sears Persian Lustre bowl foth century), Persian illuminations, rugs, and velvets. European Art: Textiles, including Flemish tapestries (i^th and early i6th centuries); sculpture, including Head of Ceres by Auguste Rodin; smaller objects, including Paul Revere silver. Other Collections: Casts from Greek, Roman, and Italian renaissance sculp- ture; and a collection of 60,000 prints. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES III HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was incorporated February 3, 1870, to collect and exhibit works of fine art and to give instruction in the fine arts. The first building on Copley Square was opened in 1876, enlarged in 1878 and 1888, and closed May 2, 1909. The pres- ent building on the Fenway was opened November 15, 1909. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum received the following amounts applicable to current expenses during the year 1909 (from May 2 to November 1 5 the museum was closed) : Income from endow- ment, $48,391.07; annual subscriptions, $23,990; admission fees, $1827.25; sales of catalogs, casts, etc., $1069.91. The expenses were $82,322.93. Additions to the endowment of the museum for- mainte- nance and other purposes amounted to $193,864.02. Contributions for special current purposes amounted to $17,246.88. BUILDING. The present building was erected in 1907-9, on a lot of twelve acres fronting the Fenway, at a cost of about $2,900,000, of which about $1,200,000 represents the cost of the land and improve- ments, $1,600,000 the cost of the building, and $100,000 the cost of moving and installation. These expenditures have been defrayed from the proceeds of the sale of the old building, about $1,750,000, contributions from private individuals, about $600,000, and appropria- tions from the museum endowment, about $500,000. The building is planned as a part of a larger whole, to occupy the entire property, and consisting of the museum proper, a hall of casts, and a school building. The present building, about two-fifths of the future museum proper, contains eight structurally separate departments, the main floor being chiefly devoted to exhibitions historically arranged, and the ground floor to reserve collections accessible!^ all visitors, and to study and administration rooms, both floors being abundantly lighted, mostly by high windows. The building affords 94,882 square feet of floor space for primary exhibition purposes, and 82,437 for reserve collections, offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a board of trustees, including representa- tives of Harvard University and other institutions, the city, and the state, acting through an executive committee whose chairman and administrative officer is the director of the museum. There are also visiting and advisory committees of citizens. SCOPE. The purposes of the museum are (i) to preserve works of art in a special building from destruction and oblivion; (2) to impart knowledge and skill in the field of fine art. The museum seeks to attain the first purpose by securing in its building the best conditions of safety; further by providing exhibition 112 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS galleries in which each object is shown to the best possible advantage ; by stimulating public interest through alternative exhibitions drawn from collections held in reserve; and by promoting public understand- ing of the objects shown through their oral as well as printed interpre- tation. The methods of oral interpretation employed include gallery conferences by officers of the museum and other competent persons on objects shown at the time; the assignment of these and other speakers under the title of Decent to the duty of meeting visitors singly or in groups in the galleries to give information about the exhibits. Printed aids to understanding the collections include, beside the publications of the museum and photographs sold at the door, lists of objects relating to historical periods, and loan collections of photographs and lantern slides, both offered to teachers, and half-tones and postal cards illustrating museum objects offered to school children and the public. The museum seeks to attain the second purpose by providing reserve galleries in which each object can be studied to the best advan- tage; by offering special students opportunities for work in the depart- ment offices; by publishing catalogs of permanent value; by arranging courses of lectures entitling to college credit on subjects germane to the collections; by maintaining a public inventory of works of art outside the museum interesting and accessible to the Boston public, under the title of a Register of Local Art; and by giving the best instruc- tion possible in the arts of drawing, painting, modeling, and designing in the school of the museum. The school, now occupying a separate building on the museum property, succeeds independent classes per- mitted in 1876 the use of unoccupied rooms in the first building. It offers a number of scholarships and prizes. The pupils number about 250 annually. LIBRARY. 13,074 volumes, 958 pamphlets, and 30,824 photo- graphs; all chosen with special reference to the museum collections and intended for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Bulletin, published bi-monthly. (2) Annual Report, published in March. (3) A handbook and other volumes illustrating the collections, including catalogs of Greek and Roman casts, Italian renaissance sculpture, Greek coins, early American en- graving, American silver, Japanese sword guards, Japanese pottery, and Chinese pottery. ATTENDANCE. Open daily, except Fourth of July, Thanksgiving, and Christmas; on week-days from 9 to 5 (November to March, 9 to 4), Sundays from i to 5. Admission is free on Saturdays, Sundays BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 113 and public holidays; on other days an entrance fee of 25 cents is charged. In 1908 there were 18,849 Paid admissions and 218,025 free admissions. OLD SOUTH ASSOCIATION. Old South Meeting House. STAFF. Custodian, Mrs. S. C. Libby. COLLECTIONS. The Warren collection of relics relating to Dr. Warren and Bunker Hill, lent by Dr. Warren's family; a considerable number of relics of Washington of the highest importance and authen- ticity, lent by the Augustus Hemenway trustees; a substantially complete set of furniture and articles of domestic use of the colonial period; and a large and varied collection of other objects of historical interest. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Old South Association was incorporated in 1876 for the permanent preservation of the historic building from which it derives its name. The present collection was formed at the time by a committee of ladies from various sources and the admission fees were a portion of the resources from which the Old South was saved and thereafter kept open. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By admission fees, supplemented by other revenues of the corporation. BUILDING. The site of the Old South Meeting House has bee*n continuously occupied by a church building for a longer time than any other ground in Boston. The present building was erected in 1729. After a long and intimate association with local historical events it was sold in 1876 that the lot might be used for business purposes. The Old South Association, organizetUit this time, rescued it from destruction by purchasing the lot and building at a cost of $400,000. The building occupies about 10,000 square feet of land. SCOPE. The primary purpose of the association is the preserva- tion of the Old South Meeting House; the maintenance of the museum is incidental to this. Under the name of "Directors of the Old South Work," with the assistance of a trust fund from the estate of the late Mary Hemenway, the corporation carries on a considerable educational work in early American history, including summer lec- tures for school children and the publications described below. PUBLICATIONS. A series of reprints of important original papers, accompanied by useful historical and bibliographical notes, is issued under the title Old South Leaflets, with the object of interesting young people in American history and politics. Of these leaflets, 202 have been published up to June, 1910, consisting of about 16 II4 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS pages each, sold at 5 cents per copy, or $4 per hundred. These are extensively used for class work in schools and colleges throughout the United States. ATTENDANCE. Open to the public on payment of a fee of 25 cents on week-days from 9 to 5. The attendance during 1909 was 11,140. CAMBRIDGE: CAMBRIDGE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (Public Library.) This society was organized in 1905 and has received by gift and exchange a number of books and pamphlets of historical interest and a few articles as the nucleus of a historical museum. The society has published annual Proceedings since 1906. The collections are in charge of Clarence Walter Ayer, curator. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. The University Museum includes the Peabody Museum of Ameri- can Archaeology and Ethnology; the Botanical, Geological, and Mineralogical museums; and the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The museum of the Department of Architecture, the William Hayes Fogg Art Museum, the Botanical Garden, the Collection of Classical Antiquities, the Germanic Museum, the Gray Herbarium, the Semitic Museum, and the Social Museum are separate institutions responsi- ble independently to the president and fellows of Harvard University. The museum of the Harvard Medical School is listed separately under Boston. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Peabody Museum of American Ar- chaeology and Ethnology (Anthropological Section of the University Museum) . STAFF. Honorary curator in charge, Frederic W. Putnam; Assistant curator, Charles C. Willoughby; Librarian and assistant in ethnology, Roland B. Dixon; Assistant and secretary, Frances H. Mead; Assistants, Jane Smith, Zelia Nuttall (Mexican archeology), William C. Farabee (somatology), Alfred M. Tozzer (Central Ameri- can archeology), Charles Peabody (European archeology), Richard F. Carroll (library); Thaw fellow and assistant in ethnology, Alice C. Fletcher; i fireman and janitor, and 2 caretakers. COLLECTIONS. The museum is especially rich in rare old ethno- logical material pertaining to the North American Indians. By per- sistant efforts to bring together in the Peabody Museum the ethno- logical material in older institutions in Boston and vicinity, it has BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 11$ been made the depository of invaluable collections from the Boston Marine Society, the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Boston Atheneum, the Boston Society of Natural History, the American Anti- quarian Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the old Boston Museum. In the collections from the old Boston Museum are a number of specimens that were once in the famous Peale Museum of Philadelphia, including several from the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The museum has also a few specimens collected by Catlin. A Massa- chusetts Indian bow, the only one in existence, dating from 1865, was received from the American Antiquarian Society. The museum has been constantly receiving additions from individual patrons. In the tribal exhibits are many old Indian baskets that are espe- cially fine. The order of exhibits is as follows: on the first floor, Mississippi Valley archeology and North American ethnology; on the second floor, Old World archeology and North American archeology and ethnology; on the third floor, South American archeology and ethnology, and North American, Mexican, and Central American archeology; on the fourth floor, ethnology of South America, Africa, Borneo, and the Pacific Islands, and Mexican and Central American archeology; on the fifth floor, human skeletons and crania, and the Pueblo collections. In the arrangement of exhibits the primary object is to furnish the means for comparative study and thus to make the collections of importance to students, as well as of educational interest to the general public. The geographical and ethnographical system has been followed, so that the student has certain naturally limited groups to study and to compare both in archeology and ethnology. These groups are made as complete as possible in order to present as a whole the archeology of a special region, or the customs, arts, and costumes of each tribe or people represented. In this way all that is possible to glean of the life history of past and present peoples from specimens of their handiwork and from exemplification of their achievements is shown in the various exhibits. The story of man's past and of his condition in savagery, in barbarism, and in the begin- nings of civilization is illustrated. In the somatological collections the opportunity is afforded for a comparative study of the physical characteristics of the various races. HISTORICAL SKETCH. In 1866 George Peabody gave $150,000 for the foundation of a museum of American archeology and ethnology and for a professorship for the teaching of these subjects. The exten- sive explorations carried on by the museum and other circumstances H6 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS have resulted in its becoming at present a museum of general anthro- pology. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The original Peabody endowment of $150,000 was divided into three funds: a building fund of $60,000, -a collection fund of $45,000, and a professorship fund of $45,000. The following endowments have since been established : the Thaw fellow- ship of $30,000, the Hemenway fellowship of $10,000, the Winthrop scholarship of $5000, the Huntington Frothingham Wolcott fund of $20,000, the Henry C. Warren fund of $10,000, and the Susan C. Warren fund of $5000. For the past three years a fellowship in Central American archeology has been maintained by a friehd of the museum. Other gifts for various purposes are received each year. BUILDING. In 1877 the first section of the present fireproof building on Divinity Avenue was erected. In 1889 the second por- tion of the building was erected, forming one-half of the structure planned for the southern wing of the university museum. The com- pletion is required for the proper exhibition of the collections. SCOPE. Exploration and research, and university teaching. The museum is especially noted for its many and thorough explorations, especially of the shellheaps and village sites of the Atlantic states, and the burial places, village sites, mounds, and earthworks of the Ohio Valley; for its long continued researches in the Delaware Valley; and for its expeditions to Central and South America. LIBRARY. 3847 volumes and 3960 pamphlets covering all branches of anthropology and especially rich in complete sets of the anthropo- logical series of publications of the world. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Annual reports; (2) Papers; (3) Memoirs; (4) Special publications. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days, except holi- days, from 9 to 5. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Botanical Section of the University Museum. No reply has been received to requests for information regard- ing the collections of this .department, which include extensive cryptogamic herbaria; economic exhibits; the Ware collection of Blaschka glass models of plants and flowers; etc. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Geological Section of the University Museum. This section, for which three rooms are provided, is as yet incom- plete. The more noteworthy objects at present include the Curtis BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 1 17 geographical model of Boston and vicinity; a model of the Dents du Midi by students of Professor Heim; a collection of relics from St. Pierre, Martinique; etc. In addition to the above, the Gardner collection includes over 5700 photographs and 5400 lantern slides intended for instruction and exhibition. This collection is maintained and increased by the income of a fund established for this purpose in 1880 by George A. Gardner, Esq., of Boston. It is in charge of Edward Wigglesworth, curator. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Mineralogical Section of the Univer- sity Museum. The exhibition collections comprise about 10,000 minerals arranged to illustrate systematic mineralogy and the physical properties of minerals and crystals and their occurrence, and a large collection of meteorites. The study series comprises a large stock of minerals and rocks. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Museum of Comparative Zoology (Zoological Section of the University Museum). STAFF. Curator, Samuel Henshaw; Assistants, Walter Faxon (in charge of Crustacea and mollusca), Samuel Garman (herpetology and ichthyology), William Brewster (in charge of birds), W. McM. Woodworth (in charge of worms), Charles R. Eastman (vertebrate paleontology), Outram Bangs (in charge of mammals), Hubert L. Clark and Henry B. Bigelow (invertebrate zoology), Robert W. Sayles (in charge of the geological exhibition collections); Librarian emerita, Frances M. Slack; Artist, Magnus Westergreen; Preparator, George Nelson. ZOOLOGY. The exhibition space is devoted to systematic collec- tions of typical animals, to special collections, and to faunal collec- tions illustrating geographic distribution throughout the world. The study series contains the greater part of the collections. No information is available as to the extent of the collections. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum had its origin in the zoologi- cal collections accumulated by Professor Louis Agassiz, which were purchased in 1852 for Harvard College at a cost of $12,000, raised by private subscriptions. In 1858 the corporation of Harvard Uni- versity made a small monthly allowance for the care of the collection. In 1859 Professor Agassiz obtained a grant from the legislature of Massachusetts of $100,000, and at the same time $71,125 was raised by private subscription for the museum. The museum was incor- porated in 1859, and received through Mr. William Gray the sum of U8 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS $50,000 left to him by Mr. Francis C. Gray for the establishment of a museum, to be under the charge of an independent faculty, responsi- ble only to the corporation and overseers of Harvard University. Harvard granted to the museum the land it now occupies, and the construction of the building was begun in 1859. In addition to its initial grant of $100,000, which was paid in three years (1861, 1863, and 1864) the legislature of Massachusetts has paid to the museum the sum of $193,500. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By the income from an endowment of about $600,000. BUILDING. Various portions of the building have been erected in 1859-60, 1871-72, 1877, 1880-82, 1888-89, and 1901-02. The building with its collections and libraries represents an outlay of more than $1,225,000. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to a museum faculty. SCOPE. Research and exploration. Facilities for instruction in zoology and geology are provided for students in Harvard Uni- versity, and exhibiton collections for the use of the public. LIBRARY. About 46,000 volumes. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Annual reports; (2) Bulletin, of which 51 volumes had been issued at the end of 1909; (3) Memoirs, of which 30 volumes have been published. These publications are issued at irregular intervals, one volume of the Bulletin and a half volume of the Memoirs usually appearing annually. They are devoted to the publication of original work by the staff and of investigations carried on by students and others in the laboratories, or by specialists on the museum collections. ATTENDANCE. The exhibition collections of the museum are open free to the public on week-days, except Christmas and Fourth of July, from 9 to 5, and on Sundays from i to 5. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Department of Architecture. This department is housed in Nelson Robinson Jr. Hall, which contains on the ground floor a Hall of Casts, running through two stories. It contains a number of full-size models of details from impor- tant architectural monuments; a remarkably fine series of casts from Greek architectural detail, made for the department in Athens and including several casts from objects never hitherto reproduced; an important series of original fragments, chiefly marble, of Greek, Roman, and Italian renaissance detail; and valuable loan collections of oriental embroideries, textiles, prints, architectural drawings> BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 1 19 etc. The library comprises over 1000 bound volumes, besides 245 portfolios containing mounted plates, and more than 12,000 photographs. The collections are in charge of H. Langford Warren, head of the department. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. William Hayes Fogg Art Museum. STAFF. Director, E. W. Forbes; Custodian of engravings, Laura H. Dudley; Custodian of photographs, ElizaP.Huntington; Assistant, Alice M. Wood; i janitor and i page. ^ ART. Sculpture, 15 marbles, Greek, Roman, and renaissance, and i5o± casts; Engravings, 30, ooo± ; Paintings, 23 primitives, 22 early American school; Water color drawings of early English school, including 12 of J. M. W. Turner; Ceramics, ancient Greek vases, and Arretine pottery; Photographs, 42,ooc±; Lantern slides, 3855. Among special collections may be mentioned electrotypes of the Brit- ish Museum collection of Greek and Roman coins, a collection of early pencil drawings of J. M. W. Turner, bronze reproductions of Italian and French medals of the renaissance, the Loeb collection of ancient bronzes, vases, gold ornaments, and engraved gems, and a small Japanese loan collection. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was founded by Mrs. Eliza- beth Fogg of New York in memory of her husband, Mrs. Fogg be- queathed to the president and fellows of Harvard University the sum of $220,000 for this purpose. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum receives annually from the Fogg endowment, $24oo±; from the Gray fund for engravings and their care, $8oo±; from the Prichard fund, $85o±; from the Randall fund, $i75o± ; and from the Searle fund for books, $ioo±. BUILDING. A fireproof structure erected in 1895 at a cost of $i 50,000, derived from the principal of the Fogg bequest. It provides 9100 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 500 for offices, work- rooms, etc., in addition to a basement room and a lecture room seat- ing about 500 persons. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, appointed by the corporation and the board of overseers of Harvard University. SCOPE. Primarily, college teaching; secondarily, public instruc- tion. LIBRARY. iooo± reference volumes for use of the staff and qual- ified students. The museum library is largely supplemented by the general university library. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Annual reports; (2) Catalogs, handbooks and guides to special collections. I2Q DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ATTENDANCE. Free on week-days from 9 to 5 and on Sundays dur- ing term time from i to 5. There are no statistics of general visitors, but 1 201 persons visited the photograph collection for purposes of study in the year 1908-9. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Botanical Garden. No reply has been received to requests for information concerning this department. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Collection of Classical Antiquities. This collection is in charge of Professor George Henry Chase, cur- ator, and is intended primarily to serve as illustrative material for the courses in archeology and antiquity. It consists of several hun- dred objects of minor art, such as bronzes, vases, and coins, as wel' as specimens of marble, bricks, and other building materials, fragments of mozaic, inscriptions, etc. With these are a few casts of ancient sculpture, a considerable collection of photographs (principally of places in Greece and Italy), several hundred squeezes and rubbings of inscriptions, and a number of models of ancient utensils. The objects in the collection are always at the disposal of the students and can be taken out, if necessary, for study and comparison with similar col- lections in Boston and Cambridge. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Germanic Museum. The museum is in charge of Kuno Francke, curator. It was estab- lished in 1902, at the instigation of Professor Francke, through col- lections undertaken by the visiting board of the Germanic department and by the Germanic Museum Association; but its present status is largely due to important donations received from the German Emperor, the King of Saxony, and a committee of leading German scholars, artists, and men of affa'rs at Berlin. The Swiss government also, as well as the municipal government of the city of Muremburg, has given valuable aid. The aim of the museum is to give a historical conspectus of the development of Germanic culture as represented by the fine arts and the crafts. The present collection, apart from a large number of pho- tographs of German architectural and sculptural monuments, chiefly from the Koniglich Preussische Messbildanstalt, contains models and reproductions of representative works of German art from the 5th to the 1 8th century. The collection of casts of medieval and renaissance sculpture contained in this museum is more comprehen- sive than that of any other museum devoted to German art. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 121 The museum is temporarily installed in the old gymnasium of Harvard University. About $190,000 has been collected for a new building. The museum is open free to the public on Mondays, Fridays, and Saturdays from 9 to 5, and on Thursdays and Sundays from i to 5. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Gray Herbarium. The Gray Herbarium comprises over 438,000 herbarium sheets of flowering plants, and a library of over 20,000 books and pamphlets relating to systematic botany. The staff is as follows: Curator and professor of systematic botany, B. L. Robinson; Collector, C. G. Pringle; Assistant professor, M. L. Fernald; Librarian, Mary A. Day; Assistants, Edith M. Vincent and Isabel W. Anderson. The financial support consists of the income from invested funds, gifts for present use, and royalties on and sale of publications. The institution is open to the public during the working hours of the staff, but as there are no exhibits it is seldom visited except for scientific purposes. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Semitic Museum. STAFF. Curator, David G. Lyon; Curator of Arabic manuscripts, John Orne; i janitor. ART. Plaster casts of bas-reliefs and other carvings of Assyria, Babylonia, and other Semitic lands. BOTANY. Specimens of pressed flowers, woods, seeds, and fruits of Palestine. GEOLOGY. Geological specimens from Syria and Palestine. ZOOLOGY. Birds of Palestine, 2oo±; Mammals of Palestine, 40. OTHER DEPARTMENTS. Hebrew, Arabic, Syriac, Ethiop'c, Samari- tan, and other manuscripts; Greek papyri; coins from Palestine, or re ating to Palestine; cuneiform inscriptions from Assyria and Baby- lonia; ancient vases and glass from Syria and Palestine; articles illus- trating present customs and usages in Semitic lands; and original ob- jects and reproduct'ons from Egypt and Persia illustrating Semitic history. HISTORICAL SKETCH. Founded in 1889 by a gift of $10,000 from Jacob H. Schiff , who also gave the building. The museum was opened to the public in 1891 and occupied a room in the Peabody Museum until the erection of the new building in 1902. Mr. Schiff and other friends have contributed about $40,000 more toward the purchase of material. Mr. Schiff has also given $65,000 for explorations in Palestine under the auspices of the museum. I22 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Purchases are made from special contribu- tions of friends; other expenses are met by the university. There is no endowment. BUILDING. Erected in 1902 at a cost of about $80,000 given by Mr. Schiff. It provides about 8000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and about 5000 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator acting with a committee, respon- sible to the president and fellows of Harvard University. SCOPE. Primarily, exploration and college teaching; secondarily, public instruction. LIBRARY. About 1500 volumes on Semitic subjects intended for the use of instructors and students. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Social Museum. The Social Museum was begun in 1903 for the purpose of promot- ing investigation of modern social conditions, and directing the amelio- ration of industrial and social life by means of graphical illustration of progress in various countries. The collections comprise photo- graphs, models, diagrams, and charts. Among them may be mentioned an exhibit, made at the St. Louis Exposition by the German gov- ernment of the workingmen's insurance system; and by German in- dustrial establishments concerned with the welfare of their working people; exhibits from France, Belgium, Italy, and Japan, illustrating municipal progress, improved dwellings, and philanthropic institu- tions; a duplicate of the exhibit of the United States bureau of statis- tics of labor concerning wages, strikes, and trade-unions; an exhibit representing the English cooperative movement; an exhibit illustrating social settlements; charts representing life-insurance statistics; illus- trations of welfare-work in American inoustries; photographic collections illustrating charity, industrial methods, immigration, im- proved housing, prison reform, etc. The museum occupies two rooms in Emerson Hall and in conjunction with the library of 3000 volumes affords the student much material for study and research. CHARLESTOWN: UNITED STATES NAVY YARD, Museum. The navy yard maintains a museum and library occupying 3000 square feet of floor space and comprising extensive collections of models and pictures; Chinese and South Sea Island weapons of war; and minerals and shells. The library contains about 4000 volumes of BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 123 naval and scientific literature and a miscellaneous collection of maga- zines. The museum is in charge of a naval officer with title of curator, responsible to the commandant. The object of the library and museum is to form a collection of works on naval literature and science; to supply a place of deposit for paintings, engravings, maps, and charts, for cabinets of curiosities of natural history, and for models of naval architecture and machinery connected with the naval profession; and to afford means of exhibiting and preserving specimens of useful inven- tions in the arts and sciences which relate to navigation and nautical defense. All books and specimens are donated; there is no financial support. The museum and library are open on week-days from 9 to 12 and i to 4, except on Saturday afternoons during July, August, and September. The attendance is estimated at about 15,000 a year. CLINTON: CLINTON HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society possesses a small collection of articles illustrating the early history of the town and vicinity, and open to the public in the Holder Memorial building on week-days from 1.30 to 4. DANVERS: DANVERS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society at present occupies about 1250 square feet of floor space on the second floor of the First National Bank building, where it maintains a museum, in charge of Henry N. Comey, curator, and Sarah W. Mudge, assistant curator. The collections include weapons and military accoutrements; a large assortment of rare old china; coins and medals; manuscripts; autographs; documents relating to the early shoe trade and other trades in New England; pictures, etc. The most valuable single collection is a series of guns, pistols, uniforms, swords, saddles, commissions, medals, etc., owned by the late Francis Dodge, paymaster-general of the United States, and given to the society by his widow. There is also a historical library of about 2500 books. The financial support of the society is derived from dues of members and from voluntary contributions. The latter have been sufficient for the purchase of a lot of land and to form a substantial nucleus for a building fund. The society's rooms are open to the public on Saturdays from 2 to 5. During the winter at least one lecture a month is given and papers are also read at the quarterly and annual meetings. 124 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSE IMS DEERFIELD: POGUMTUGK VALLEY MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. Memorial Hall. The collection of historical relics in Memorial Hall comprises approximately 35,000 articles, related for the most part to local his- tory. One of the most interesting relics is the door of an old house, bearing the marks of an assault upon the town by Indians in 1704. Memorial Hall was erected in 1798 by the corporation of Deer- lield Academy, and still contains specimens from the academy museum established in 1799. The museum is in charge of George Sheldon, curator, and is maintained by the Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Asso- ciation chartered in 1870. The association has published 4 volumes of original matter, in addition to a catalog of its collections and a two- volume history of Deerfield. The museum is open to the public on week-days, from April to December, from 9 to 12 and i to 5. An admission fee of 10 cents is charged, and the number of visitors in 1909 was 7010. FITCHBURG: FITCHBURG HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society has a small collection of historical relics but is unable to develop a museum at present because of lack of suitable rooms. FITCHBURG PUBLIC LIBRARY. The library maintains a museum in charge of George E. Nutting, librarian, containing the following collections: a room well filled with historical relics; an art gallery, containing oil paintings, statuary, and photographic reproductions from the art galleries of Europe; and 800 mounted birds and mammals. GLOUCESTER: CAPE ANN SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY ASSOCIATION. This association has a collection of local Indian implements; historical papers and documents of local interest; about 200 botanical specimens; zoco minerals; something over 200 shells and about 500 other zoological specimens, including fishes and marine invertebrates found off Cape Ann. GREENFIELD: HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF GREENFIELD. This society was organized in June, 1908, and now has about 100 members who pay an entrance fee of $3 and an annual fee of $2. It BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 12$ has also received from the late Mr. Edward BCD ton a bequest of $5000, together with his library, china, Indian relics, old furniture, etc. It is the aim of the society to maintain local historical collections and it rents three rooms which are now well filled with portraits and other pictures, old-fashioned implements and furniture, and several hundred books and valuable papers. The rooms are open once a month in winter, and on every Saturday afternoon in summer from 3 to 6. HAVERHILL: HAVERHILL HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (240 Water Street. ) The society includes about 400 members and owns and occupies the Buttonwoods mansion, in which is a large exhibition room of fire- proof construction, filled with a constantly increasing collection of curios and relics of local historical interest. On the grounds and near the main building is the first frame house built in Haverhill, dating from about 1640. IPSWICH: IPSWICH HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society owns a iyth century dwelling, well restored in the old manner and containing a museum of old furniture, historical relics, etc., and a library of about 2000 volumes. The society derives its income from a membership of about 300, but has no endowment. LANCASTER: THAYER MUSEUM. This museum is confined to ornithology and has been gathered by Mr. John E. Thayer at a cost of over $100,000. It contains one of the most complete collections of mounted birds of North America in the world, and over 15,000 skins, with nests and eggs of nearly every North American species. The collection includes a great auk, and 7 eggs of this species; a fine specimen of the male Labrador duck, and hundreds of other rare birds. There are 3 large and 26 small groups of birds exhibited in natural surroundings. The museum is supported by the owner, and is open free to the public on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays from 8 to 5. LEOMINSTER: LEOMINSTER PUBLIC LIBRARY. The library maintains a museum for the encouragement of inter- est in literature, art, natural science, and local history, established in 126 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS 1872 and reorganized in 1910 in a new library building given by Mr. Andrew Carnegie. The collections include prints and engravings of local interest, local portraits in oil, old-time articles of domestic use and manufacture, a few specimens of early local textiles, a small collec- tion of shells, a large collection of birds, a few mammals, a good her- ba rium, and a collection of minerals. The museum is in charge of E. G . Davis, curator, and is open free to the public during library hours. LEXINGTON: LEXINGTON HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hancock Clark House. STAFF. Custodian and caretaker, Mrs. Ellen B. Lane. COLLECTIONS. The museum includes many prints and engravings, a small number of oil paintings and water colors, pamphlets, manu- scripts, household articles and clothing of former generations, and other material relating to local history. The collection now numbers over 1000 items, and a fireproof vault is provided for the more valu- able articles. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The society was organized by Rev. E. G. Porter at the time of the centennial of the battle of Lexington, 1875, and its museum has grown constantly since that time. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The society has funds and property to the value of about $25,000; also a fund of $10,000, the income of which is devoted to historical research relative to the revolutionary period. The house and collection are maintained by voluntary contributions from visitors. BUILDING. The house was built in 1698 by Rev. John Hancock and was used as a parsonage at the time of the revolution. Samuel Adams and John Hancock were staying here when Paul Revere gave the alarm of the approach of the British, April 19, 1775. The house provides a total floor space of about 1500 square feet. ADMINISTRATION. By a custodian and committee responsible to the society. SCOPE. Preservation of historical records and material, and the promotion of the study of local history. LIBRARY. A fairly extensive historical library is maintained for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS. The society has published 3 volumes of Proceed- ings composed entirely of local history; a volume of epitaphs and inscriptions from the old cemeteries of the town, and a handbook of Lexington. A new history of Lexington in two volumes is now in preparation. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 127 ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public every day in the year, as follows: April i -December i, from 9.30 to 6; other months from n to 4. It is visited by over 15,000 persons annually. LOWELL: LOWELL HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society maintains in its rooms in Memorial Hall collections of Indian relics, minerals, and articles of historical interest, as well as a library of about 700 volumes and as many pamphlets. It publishes occasional volumes of Contributions. This society is the successor of The Old Residence Historical Association of Lowell, which was a voluntary association organized in 1868. The Lowell Historical Society was incorporated in 1902 for the purpose of collecting and pre- serving books, manuscripts, records, and objects of antiquarian and historical interest; of encouraging the study of local history; of main- taining a library; and of publishing, from time to time, whatever may illustrate and perpetuate the history of Lowell and adjacent towns. LYNN: LYNN HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society was organized about fifteen years ago and has made a collection of objects of local historical interest, now several hundred in number and including furniture, tools of trade, china and glass, paintings and photographs of buildings in Lynn and vicinity, etc. These collections occupy a room about 40 x 20 feet, and are in charge of a board of custodians, of which William S. Burrill is chairman. MARBLEHEAD: MARBLEHEAD HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society maintains an extensive collection of local historical material; including articles of industry; household utensils and wearing apparel; 50 prints and engravings; 75 oil paintings, mostly portraits; and 30 water colors. There is also a small and unclassified collection of shells. The museum is supported by the membership fees of the society and by admission fees; it occupies about 5000 square feet of floor space in a building erected in 1768. MARLBOROUGH: MARLBOROUGH SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. The society maintains a collection of minerals, shells, corals, birds, objects of historical interest, and articles of Japanese manufac- 128 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ture, occupying about 1836 square feet of floor space in a building valued at $3500. The museum is in charge of Joel W. Giles, curator, and is open free to the public on the third Thursday of every month from 2.30 to 7.30. The average attendance is 20. MEDFORD: MEDFORD HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society, organized in 1896, possesses antiquarian collections of local interest, including rare books and manuscripts, prints, por- traits, articles connected with Medford's ship-building industry, the Brooks collection of Indian relics, the Chandler collection of civil war relics and others. These are housed in the home of the society, the old Francis Home, built about 1780, and are in charge of the curator, Agnes W. Lincoln. The society also has a library of about 1000 vol- umes, and publishes a quarterly, the "Medford Historical Register. " METHUEN: METHUEN HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society has a small collection of local historical material. NANTUCKET: NANTUCKET HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. This association was organized in 1894 and occupies two buildings, one of which is a fireproof concrete structure, affording a floor space of about 1500 square feet for the display of a large collection of objects of local historical interest. The museum includes a large collection of furniture and household effects, some of which are about 200 years old; a large collection of portraits; a very fine collection of articles relating to the whale fishery, which was an important industry of the island from 1690 to 1865; and a large collection of old manuscripts and deeds, some of which were executed by the Indians and given to the early settlers — the first deed on record bearing the date October 13, 1641. The whaling ships frequently visited the Pacific and Indian oceans and the museum contains many relics of these cruises. The association has a membership of 320 and owns property, aside from its exhibits, to the value of $17,000. Its income is about $1200 a year, derived from interest on invested funds, admission fees, membership dues, and donations. The museum is in charge of Susan E. Brock, curator and librarian, and is open to visitors from June 15 to September 15. The attendance is 2000-3000 annually. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES ' I2Q NEW BEDFORD: OLD DARTMOUTH HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society was established in 1903 and occupies about 4000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 1000 for offices, etc. in a building erected in 1884 but not occupied until 1906, when it was given to the society by Mr. Henry H. Rogers. The primary purposes of the society are research and the maintenance of local collections, including collections devoted to the life and work of the Indians and of the early settlers of the vicinity; prints, engravings, paintings, photographs, etc., illustrating the whaling industry and local history; and collec- tions of ceramics, textiles, etc., illustrating the colonial period. The museum is in charge of William A. Wing, secretary, and is open on Wednesday and Saturday from 10 to i and on Tuesday, Thurs- day, and Saturday from 2 to 5. Admission is free to members of the society, of which there are about 800; to others an admission fee of 25 cents is charged. The schools come to the museum class by class to view the collections and to hear short talks on the early history of the vicinity, as a basis for compositions on local historical subjects. The society has a small library of local historical material, and issues quarterly publications, of which there are 27 to the end of 1909. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoologica i park of 2 acres, established in 1892, containing 100 birds and 112 mammals. NEWBURYPORT: HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF OLD NEWBURY. This society maintains historical collections, including those formerly belonging to the Newburyport Marine Society, in a wooden building at the corner of High and Winter Streets. NEWTON: ZOOLOGICAL PARK. This zoological park of 12 acres was established in 1897 and COP- tains 35 birds and ico mammals. NORTHAMPTON: SMITH COLLEGE. The department of geology maintains in Seelye Hall a collection including about 1800 minerals on exhibition and 2000 in storage; 2000 rocks in storage; a series of specimens of dynamic geology, maps, j^O DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS relief maps, globes, models, etc.; about 1800 invertebrate fossils on exhibition, with especially good collections of trilobites, brachiopods, and cretaceous cephalopods, and about 500 specimens in storage. These collections are open free to the public daily. The department of zoology maintains for teaching purposes a synoptic collection of about 3000 invertebrates, a series of 400 skeletal parts and dissections, and newly started biological and anthropo- logical collections of about 150 specimens each. The department of botany has small teaching collections only. SMITH COLLEGE. Hillyer Art Gallery. The Hillyer Art Gallery was built by Mr. Winthrop Hillyer of Northampton, who left a fund of $50,000, of which the income is spent on the collections or in whatever way may increase the help- fulness of the gallery or of the art department of the college. A supple- mentary sum of $15,000 from Mr. Hillyer 's estate will ultimately be received and will be spent on an addition to the exhibition rooms. A student of the college has given money to build a large lecture room, reading room, and offices in connection with the present building and upon the completion of this addition it is expected that the books on art subjects, to the number of about 500 volumes now in the general library of the college, may be transferred to the reading room. The present building affords 8072 square feet of floor space for exhibition. The collections comprise 105 paintings almost wholly by American artists; a series of casts; 145 framed Arundel prints; about 200 photo- graphs 14 x 18 inches, and about 1200 smaller ones; and about 3000 lantern slides. The gallery is in charge of the staff of the art depart- ment of the college, with the assistance of 5 custodians, and is open free to students of the college on week-days from 9 to i and from 2 to 4. To the public an admission fee of 25 cents is charged except on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons, when admission is free. PEABODY: PEABODY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society was organized in 1896, and occupies two rooms in the Warren National Bank building in Peabody Square, where it main- tains a museum comprising about 3700 articles and books of local historical interest. There are special collections of local pottery. The society has also copied every gravestone inscription and Bible record found in the town. The town of Peabody was known as South Danvers from 1855 to 1868, having been separated from the town of BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES % 13! Danvers, which in turn was separated from the town of Salem in 1752. Upon petition of the society the town records from 1752 to 1855 were copied. The society has also placed tablets for soldiers killed in the battle of Lexington, also at the house where George Peabody was born, and near the house of John Procter, the witchcraft martyr. The soci- ety has published various reports, pamphlets, postcards, and photo- graphs relating to its work or to local historical subjects. PITTSFIELD: BERKSHIRE ATHEN^UM AND MUSEUM. Museum of Natural History and Art. STAFF. Curator, Harlan H. Ballard; Assistant curator, Annie Grossman; i janitor. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, iooo±; Ethnology, native, 5oo±, foreign, 5oo±. Civilized peoples, ancient, an extensive collection. ART. Original sculpture in marble, including Rebecca, by Bel- zoni; Lost Pleiad, by Rogers; Judith, by Tadolini; Faun and Cupid, by an unknown Italian of the i6th century. There are also casts of Egyp- tian, Greek, and Roman antiques; 5oo± prints and engravings ; ioo± oil paintings; and a general collection, including a few water colors, ceramics, textiles, glass, and Greek and Roman gold ornaments. Among the more notable single exhibits are the original life mask of Lincoln; a Greek wreath of gold; and one of the sledges which Com- mander Peary took to the North Pole. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 2ooo±, in storage, 1000. There are also a few rocks, relief maps, models, etc. HISTORY. Historical relics of Berkshire County, iooo±; Auto- graphs and book plates, 5oo±; Coins and medals, 2ooo±. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 5oo± ; Plants, 5o±. There are also a few small vertebrate fossils. ZOOLOGY. Shells, iooo±, chiefly the Bidwell collection; Insects, iooo±; Birds, iooo±; Mammals, ioo±. There are 4 large and 15 small groups of animals exhibited in natural surroundings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum, including the building and its contents to the value of $150,000, was presented to Pittsfield by the Hon. Zenas Crane of Dalton in 1903. At his suggestion it was united with the public library under the title of Berkshire Athenaeum and Museum. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By private subscription. BUILDING. Erected by the donor in 1901 ; an additional wing was added in 1909. !32 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to a board of trus- tees. SCOPE. The purpose of the museum is educational. Special atten- tion is given to work with pupils of the public schools. Occasional lectures are given. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily at hours varying with the seasons. PLYMOUTH: PILGRIM SOCIETY. Pilgrim Hall. A collection of historical relics, portraits, old books, documents, etc., connected with the early history of the settlement at Plymouth, is maintained in Pilgrim Hall under the charge of H. N. P. Hubbard, curator and librarian. REHOBOTH: REHOBOTH ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. The treasurer reports that the society maintains a museum but repeated inquiries have elicited no further information. SALEM: ESSEX INSTITUTE. STAFF. Curator, George Francis Dow; Librarian, Alice G. Waters; Catalogers, Florence L. Stoddard, Marian S. Nichols; 3 assistants in library, i stenographer, and i janitor. ART. Marbles, 4; Casts, 25; Prints and engravings, 5ooo±; Oil paintings, largely portraits, 175; Water colors, 25; Ceramics, English or oriental, used in America, 848; Textiles, 3ooo±; Glass (historical), 2oo±; Pewter (historical), ioo±; Furniture (historical), 2OO±. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. Special exhibits illustrating the trades viewed from the historical standpoint, viz., the shoemaker, cooper, carpenter, weaver, etc. HISTORY. Reproductions of house interiors, original costumes, tools, furniture, historical relics, and articles of display and adorn- ment, to show the life of New England from early times to the present. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The institute was organized in 1848 by the union of the Essex Historical Society, incorporated in 1821 and the Essex County Natural History Society, organized in 1833. In 1867, by gift of $140,000 from George Peabody of London,the Peabody BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 133 Academy of Science was established and the natural history collec- tions of the institute were transferred to the younger institution. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The institute has the following sources of income: from endowment, $9,540.84; from annual assessments of mem- bers, $1695; from other sources, $928.93. BUILDING. The museum occupies two buildings erected in 1854 and 1858, and remodeledin 1906, representing a value of $124,000. They afford n,ooo± square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 3ooo± for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. The curator is the secretary and executive officer of the institute and is responsible to the board of trustees. SCOPE. Emphasis is laid on local collections, the aim of the insti- tute being to illustrate as completely as possible the history of the county of Essex. LIBRARY. 97,387 volumes, 342,614 pamphlets, 700 volumes of manuscripts and family papers, and a very large collection of news- papers, many of them printed in the i8th century. Among the special collections of books are 1400 genealogies; 2700 town histories and works relating to New England history; the Ward China library, containing over 1800 volumes, recognized as the best collection of the kind in the country; a collection of over 300 Bibles; a well selected art library; 20,000 books, pamphlets, etc., by Essex County authors; noo log- books, sea-journals, etc.; 1300 volumes relating to the commercial marine, 5000 directories from all parts of the world; public documents; publications of 253 societies, with which the institute conducts ex- changes. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Historical collections, issued quarterly, 45 volumes; (2) Bulletins (scientific), 30 volumes; (3) Proceedings (scien- tific), 6 volumes; (4) Miscellaneous publications, guides, etc. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5. PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. Peabody Museum. STAFF. Director, Edward S. Morse; Curators, John H. Sears (mineralogy, geology, and botany), Lawrence W. Jenkins (ethno- logy), John Robinson (relics of the East India Marine Society); i janitor, and i special constable. ANTHROPOLOGY. Ethnology, native 786, foreign 10,676. These collections include the collections of the East India Marine Society, founded in 1799, and to-day constitute one of the most important ethno- logical museums of the world. The Korean collection is one of the most important in the country, while the Japanese collection of 3516 134 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS specimens is by far the largest in the world. Other countries rep- resented are China, India, Siam, Thibet, the Islands of the Pacific, the Malay archipelago, Mexico, and South America. 2000 ethnological photographs accompany this collection. BOTANY. Cryptogams of Essex County, 1610; Phanerogams of Essex County, 2209; General collections, 2530. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 5000, in storage, 1000; Rocks, on exhibition, 2250, in storage, 800; Relief maps, models, etc., 25; Other collections, on exhibition, 1250. The rocks and minerals of Essex County are fully represented, and a small type collection of minerals illustrates the edition of Dana's " Mineralogy" used in schools. HISTORY. A historical collection of portraits of prominent Salem merchants, members and officers of the East India Marine Society, together with many interesting relics connected with the early his- tory of that institution, and models and pictures of Salem merchant vessels. . PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 1200, in storage, 700; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 50; Plants, on exhibition, 300. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 720 (360 from Essex County); Insects, 5061; Other invertebrates, 1180; Fishes, 341; Batrachians, 120; Reptiles, 145; Birds, 1990 (1300 from Essex County); Mammals, 244. These collections comprise a complete series of the animals of Essex County and a synoptic collection, illustrating the animal kingdom from the lowest to the highest forms. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The trustees of the academy organized in 1868, having received funds by gift in 1867 ^rom George Peabody of London, by birth, of Essex County. Under the instrument of trust, East India Marine Hall, erected in 1824, was purchased and refitted, and the museum of the East India Marine Society (begun in 1799) and the natural history collections of the Essex Institute (begun in 1834) were received by the trustees as permanent deposits and placed there- in. The museum of the East India Marine Society had its origin in the extensive private collection of Capt. Jonathan Carnes, and has had an uninterrupted existence since that date. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Income from endowment, $8261 . BUILDING. East India Marine Hall, erected in 1824, purchased and refitted in 1868. Additions to the original building have been made, the most recent being Weld Hall, the gift of Dr. Charles G. Weld, opened in 1907. 19,500 square feet of floor space is available for exhibition, and 5000 for offices, workrooms, etc. A lecture hall seats 350. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 135 ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to a board of trus- tees. SCOPE. The primary aim of the museum is educational, special effort being made to instruct the people of the county and the pupils of the public schools of the county. Special attention is paid therefore to local collections. The academy conducts classes in botany, zoology, and mineralogy, and lectures are given on these subjects. LIBRARY. There is a reference library for the use of the staff. PUBLICATIONS. These include two volumes of memoirs, and nu- merous annual reports. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public, week-days from 9 to 5, Sundays from 2 to 5. The attendance in 1909 was nearly 70,000. SHARON: SHARON HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society has a small collection of antiques in charge of George Kempton, custodian. SOMERVILLE: SOMERVILLE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society, which is said by Thwaites to have a museum of an- tiques, reports that its collections are at present in storage. SOUTH NATICK: HISTORICAL, NATURAL HISTORY, AND LIBRARY SOCIETY. This society is said by Thwaites to maintain a museum of natural history specimens and historical relics housed gratis in a room provided for by the will of Oliver Bacon. SPRINGFIELD: CITY LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Art Museum. STAFF. Curator, George Walter Vincent Smith; Assistant cura- tor, Eleanor A. Wade; 3 assistants, i cabinet maker, i charwoman, and i watchman. • ART. The museum includes the Horace Smith hall of sculpture and the George Walter Vincent Smith collection. The former occupies the first floor of the museum building and consists of 72 plaster casts of Greek and renaissance sculpture, 1200 photographs, 12,000 prints of modern and antique sculpture, and a small reference library of books on the subject. 136 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS The George Walter Vincent Smith collection includes: Sculpture, 5; Drawings, 42; Oil paintings, 80; Water colors, 31; Ceramics, 1000; Arms and armor; Bronzes; Pottery and porcelains; Glass; Carved jade, ivories, and wood; Tapestries; Embroideries; Laces; Oriental rugs; Textiles; Cloisonne enamels; Lacquers; Antique furniture; Illumin- ated missals; Book covers, etc. The collection is very rich in oriental art, the cloisonne enamels numbering about 200 pieces. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum is the result of the offer made in 1889 by Mr. and Mrs. G. W. V. Smith to bequeath to the associa- tion their valuable collections and to endow them on condition that they should be provided with suitable rooms for display and preserva- tion. These collections were formally opened to the public in 1895. The Horace Smith collection was purchased and installed by funds from the estate of Mr. Smith. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The art museum and the museum of natural history are incorporated with the city library association and depend for support upon endowment funds and an annual appropria- tion from the city. In 1907, the appropriation amounted to $36,000. Of this appropriation, the art museum receives about $6000. BUILDING. Erected in 1894-5 at a cost of about $140,000, met by private subscriptions. About 15,000 square feet of space is avail- able for exhibition, and about 500 for offices. ADMINISTRATION. By the curator, who has entire responsibility. SCOPE. The primary purpose of the museum is the instruction of the public. Permission is given to copyists. LIBRARY. 1500 volumes on subjects connected with the collec- tions are available for use of the staff and visitors. ATTENDANCE. The George Walter Vincent Smith collections- open free to the public on week-days (except Thanksgiving, Christmas, and Fourth of July), March 2i-September 21, from 2 to 6; September 22-March 20, from i to 5. The Horace Smith hall of sculpture — open free to the public daily (except Thanksgiving, Christmas, and Fourth of July), March 2i-September 21, from 2 to 6; September 22-March 20, from i to 5. CITY LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Museum of Natural History. STAFF. Curator, William Orr; Assistant curator, Mrs. Grace Pettis Johnson. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples : Archeology, native, 1869, foreign, 272. Civilized peoples, ancient, 22, modern, no. The collec- tion includes about 200 Indian baskets. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 137 BOTANY. Cryptogams, 116 species; Phanerogams, 1028 species. There are also economic collections including 323 specimens of Indian corn (maize) and its products; 405 specimens of fiber plants and fibers; 659 specimens of woods; 200 kinds of insect galls, of which about 90 are figured in a bulletin of the museum. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 1326, in storage, 9000=^5 Rocks, in storage. 240; Relief maps, models, etc., 7. There are 650 specimens of dynamic geology and a local collection of 346 minerals and 175 rocks. HISTORY. A collection of about 900 articles relating to the history of the United States and especially to Springfield and vicinity. There is also a special exhibit of about 400 objects relating to colonial history, and a general collection of 5000 coins and medals. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, i5o±, in storage, 45±; Coins, 1436. ART. Sculpture, 25 (mostly plaster casts) ; Prints and engravings, 100 (local); Oil paintings, 25 (local); Ceramics, 500; Textiles, 100. BOTANY. Cryptogams, iso±; Phanerogams, iooo±. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 2000 ; Rocks, 2 50 ; Economic collections, etc. , 20oo±; Special collections illustrating the Chemung. The building is constructed of many different kinds of stone from local glacial depos- its, and a variety of woods in natural finish. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 8oo±; Vertebrates, 4oo±; Plants, 2oo±; Unclassified, 1000. The collections are especially rich in devonian material. ZOOLOGY. The shell collection includes 1000 marine species, 500 univalves, and 200 unionidae. Insects are represented by 2000 species, poorly preserved. These two collections are strong in local material. Other invertebrates, fishes, batrachians, and reptiles are represented by small collections. There are also 122 species of birds and a number of mammals. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum originated in collections of President Jonathan Allen of Alfred University, who died in 1892. He intended to leave the museum to the university but made no will, BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES l8l and the museum was finally purchased from his heirs. Practically no records of the earlier years of the museum were left and the lack of a curator resulted in still further confusion, which is being remedied as rapidly as possible by the present curator. AMSTERDAM: MONTGOMERY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. . The society maintains a historical museum in charge of W. Max Reid, curator and librarian, and Alfred Child, custodian. The collec- tion includes the Richmond collection of 20,000 aboriginal implements, purchased for the society by Mr. Stephen Sanford at a cost of $5000. There are also many pieces of rare colonial furniture, and a library of rare books and documents. The museum is maintained for educa- tional purposes, and occupies a baronial mansion erected in 1742 and known as Fort Johnson since 1755. It affords about 1600 square feet of floor space for the museum and was purchased for the society in 1906 by Major-general J. Watts dePeyster at a cost of $6000. The society receives an income of $400 annually from the Stephen Sanford endowment and $400 from membership fees. The building is open free to the public on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday from 2 to 6. AURORA: WELLS COLLEGE. The college has a collection of geological specimens, fossils and shells, which has not been put in order since removal to a new building. A small teaching collection is in use in the department of biology. BINGHAMTON: BROOME COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society maintains a collection of papers, maps, deeds, Indian pottery and implements, and other material of local historical interest, in the Binghamton Public Library and in charge of William F. Seward, custodian. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of one and a half acres, estab- lished in 1878, containing 7 birds and 53 mammals. BROOKLYN: BROOKLYN INSTITUTE MUSEUM. STAFF. Curator-in-chief, Frederic A. Lucas; Honorary curator of natural science, Alfred G. Mayer; Curators, William H. Goodyear l82 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS (fine arts), Stewart Culin (ethnology), E. L. Morris (natural science), Susan A. Hutchinson (books), Jacob Doll (entomology), George K. Cherrie (ornithology) ; Associate curators, Charles Schaeffer (entomol- ogy); Assistant curators, A. D. Savage (fine arts); Artist, Herbert B. Judy; Chief taxidermist. J. W. Critchley; Superintendent of buildings, T. F. Casey; 7 clerks and stenographers, 1 2 preparators and mechanics, 7 engineers, firemen, and electricians, and 21 attendants, cleaners, and watchmen. ANTHROPOLOGY. 75oo± specimens illustrating very fully the customs and occupations of the Pueblo Indians of the Southwest and of the California Indians; also some from the Haida and related tribes; small collections from Japan, China, and Siam. ART. Sculpture, 39; Oil paintings, 213; Water colors, 442; Cer- amics, European, 569, Chinese, 50, Japanese, 191, Corean, 98, Sara- cenic, 7, Moresque, 109, Greek, 64, Italic and Etruscan, 22, casts from antique pottery moulds, 57; Textiles, European lace, etc., 22, Egyp- tian, 19; Chinese and Japanese lacquers, 131, bronzes and other metals, 17, ivories, 50, wood carvings, 10, miscellaneous art objects, 9; Egyp- tian antiquities, 2675; Chaldaeo-Assyrian, 385; Greek and Italian bronzes, etc., 19; Replicas of Mycenaean metals, 12; Greek and Roman jewelry, 224; Greek terra cottas,3i ; Etruscan and Roman terracottas, 8; Roman mosaics, 21; Photographic enlargements of European archi- tecture, 640; Surveys of European architecture, 60. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 7000; Phanerogams, 23,000. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 4025, in storage, 3050; Rocks, on exhibition, i3o±, in storage, 950; Relief maps, 5o±. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, in storage, 4ooo±. There is also a fairly complete mastodon from Newburgh and a few other verte- brate fossils. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 3755±, in storage, 5o,ooo±; Insects, on exhibition, 4ooo±, in storage, 5o,ooo±, types, 1242, figured specimens, 64; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, iooo±, in storage, 2ooo±; Fishes, on exhibition, 175, in storage, 6oo±; Batrachians, on exhibition, 25, in storage, ioo±; Reptiles, on exhibition, 80, in stor- age, 375±; Birds, on exhibition, 5oo±, in storage, 55oo±, types, n; Mammals, on exhibition, 250, in storage, iooo±. There are 15 small and 15 large groups of animals exhibited in natural surroundings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The nucleus of the museum is to be found in a collection of birds, fishes, and shells exhibited by the old Brooklyn Institute as early as 1854. The present museum was organized in 1889 and is maintained as a public institution under the auspices of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 183 FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum receives an optional city appro- priation which amounted in 1909 to $103,905, including $12,000 which was allotted to the Children's Museum. Money appropriated by the city cannot be used for the purchase of specimens, but is devoted to the expense of maintenance. A fund amounting to about $8000 a year is raised for the purchase of specimens, supplemented by special sub- scriptions for special purchases. The interest of the John D . Woodward memorial fund, about $1125, is used for the purchase of paintings by American artists. The Ella C. Woodward fund yields about $1125 for purchase of other art objects. The Frederic Loeser fund yields about $450 for the purchase of photographs and casts of famous works of art. The Caroline H. Polhemus fund yields about $400 for the maintenance and increase of the Polhemus collection. The Frank Sherman Benson fund yields about $425 for general additions to the museum collections. About $300 is received from admission fees. BUILDING. In 1891 the city was authorized to expend $300,000 for the erection of a museum building; work was begun in 1895 and the first section opened in 1897; the second or central section was opened in June, 1907, and the east wing in December, 1907. The cost of the building to date is somewhat over $1,794,000. This represents less than one-fourth of the space to be occupied ultimately; at present there are 68,386 square feet of floor space available for exhibition, and 37,000 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a cura tor-in-chief, responsible to the board of trustees of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences as represented by an executive committee. SCOPE. Research and public instruction are the principal pur- poses of the museum, the latter being the more important activity at present. LIBRARY. At the beginning of 1909 the library contained 17,298 volumes on art and science for the use of both staff and public for reference work only. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Science Bulletin; each volume contains about 400 pages, i volume having been issued at the end of 1909. (2) Mem- oirs of Natural Sciences, i part issued. (3) Memoirs of Art and Archae- ology, 3 parts issued. (4) Catalogs and guides, 6 issued. (5) Annual Reports, beginning with the year 1904. (6) Museum News, published monthly from October to May, 4 volumes issued. (7) Miscellaneous, 3 issued. ATTENDANCE. Open to the public daily except Sunday from 9 to 6; Sunday afternoon from 2 to 6; Thursday evening from 7.30 to 9.45. 184 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS On Mondays and Tuesdays an admission of 25 cents for adults and 10 cents for children under 16 is charged. CHILDREN'S MUSEUM. (Bedford Park.) STAFF. Curator, Anna B. Gallup; Assistant Curators, Mary Day Lee, George P. Englehart; Librarian, Miriam S. Draper; Assistant librarian, Alison J. Baigri; Clerk, Marguerite Carmichael ; i janitor, i attendant, i messenger, and 2 cleaners. ART. i5o± photographs of famous paintings and buildings. BOTANY. An educational exhibit of plant models, colored plates and preserved specimens, illustrating plant structure and germination. GEOGRAPHY. Models showing the relation of primitive man to environment in different zones; Dolls dressed in peasant costumes; Relief maps, photographs, etc. GEOLOGY. 325 minerals and rocks. These include principally the minerals and rocks described in the public school courses of study. There are also 13 colored charts showing glaciers, earthquakes, geysers, deserts, avalanches, water-spouts etc. ; a small collection of volcanic products; and a collection of 8o± gems. HISTORY. Historical relics and pictures, and a series of models illustrating colonial life. The models consist of dolls dressed in appro- priate costumes and surrounded with careful reproductions of the houses, furniture, etc. of the period represented. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 1000+ ; Insects, on exhibition, 640+ , in stor- age, 5000+ ; Other invertebrates, 400; Fishes, 50; Batrachians, 100; Reptiles, 75; Birds, on exhibition, 500, in storage, 200; Mammals, 150. There are 6 large and 6 small groups of animals exhibited in natural environment. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Children's Museum began its work in a residence leased as a temporary storeroom by the Brooklyn Insti- tute of Arts and Sciences. Upon the opening of the central museum (Brooklyn Institute Museum) this residence was continued as a branch museum for children. The first exhibits were opened in Decem- ber, 1899; since that time the exhibits and the popularity of the work of the museum have increased so that a new building is very much needed. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The Children's Museum receives $12,000 annually from the appropriation made by the city for the maintenance of the Brooklyn Institute Museums. The grounds are cared for by the department of parks; specimens are purchased from a collection fund composed of private donations. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 185 BUILDING. The museum occupies 5000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 700 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the curator-in- chief of the Brooklyn Institute Museums. SCOPE. Public school work is the primary purpose of the museum. Colored charts, mounted birds, and boxes containing life histories of insects are loaned to teachers for classroom use, the teachers calling to select the material and arranging for its transportation to and from the school. A lecture is given at least once a week for each grade of the public schools, with special lectures to any class upon request. Physical apparatus is provided for experiments at the museum and a wireless telegraph station has been established and maintained by young men interested in the subject, five of whom have qualified as expert wireless telegraph operators through individual experiment- ing at the museum without formal instruction. A description of the work of the Children's Museum was published by the curator in the "Proceedings of the American Association of Museums," Vol. I. LIBRARY. About 6000 volumes on natural science, biography, geography, history, and art intended for use as a reference library by both staff and public. The library is frequently consulted by students and teachers of all ages as well as by children. PUBLICATIONS. A section of the " Museum News," issued monthly from October to May by the Brooklyn Institute Museums, is devoted to the Children's Museum. The annual reports of the curator are printed with the reports of the curator-in-chief . ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5 . 30 and on Sundays from 2 to 5.30. The average annual attendance is 102,000, including an attendance of 18,700 on lectures. LONG ISLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (Pierrepont and Clin- ton Streets.) In addition to an extensive library this society maintains a museum under the care of Mary E. Ingalls, assistant curator, the office of curator being vacant. The museum includes a large collection of Indian implements and relics from Long Island; the C. L. Allen col- lection of arrowheads and other Indian implements from Illinois, Kentucky, Arkansas, Kansas, Minnesota, and Oregon; the Beebe col- lection from graves at Ancon, Peru; the Scarborough collection of general and local botany; an extensive collection of minerals and rocks from the boulder drift of Long Island; minerals and fossils from the New York State Museum; the Pike collection of East Indian shells ; and a collection of Long Island birds. One of the most valuable possessions of the museum is a mounted Labrador duck. l86 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF BROOKLYN. The institute does not maintain a museum but has the John Milton Smith collection of minerals, occupying a wall case about 25 feet in length and 7 shelves high. BUFFALO: BUFFALO FINE ARTS ACADEMY. Albright Art Gallery. (Dela- ware Park.) STAFF. Acting director, Cornelia B. Sage; i stenographer, i assistant, i superintendent, and 4 guards. ART. Oil paintings, 241 ; Engravings and etchings, 657, including the Willis O. Chapin collection of engravings and the James collection of etchings; Arundel prints, 62; Cartoons, 15; Drawings, photographs, etc., 66; Medals and plaquettes, 6; Miniatures, 10; Sculptures and casts, 39; Miscellaneous, 38. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Buffalo Fine Arts Academy was organ- ized in 1862 and an art gallery was opened in American Hall. After occupying a number of other buildings the present Albright Art Gallery was dedicated in 1905. This building was erected by Mr. J. J. Al- bright at a cost of about $400,000 and provides approximately 19,190 square feet of exhibition floor space in addition to an auditorium. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By. the income from a maintenance fund of $140,000 and a city appropriation which amounted in 1909 to $12,000. ADMINISTRATION. By an acting director, responsible to a board of 29 trustees. SCOPE. Instruction of the general public is the chief aim of the art gallery. 22 special exhibitions of paintings and bronzes were given in 1909. LIBRARY. 45 volumes on art. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Catalogs. (2) Academy Notes, issued monthly since June, 1905. (3) Bulletin, issued quarterly, since 1910. (4) Blue Book, issued annually. ATTENDANCE. The galleries are open to the public daily from 10 to 5.30 except on Sundays and Mondays, when the hours are i to 5.30. Admission is free except on Sunday and Monday, when a fee of 25 cents is charged. The attendance for 1909 was 113,676. BUFFALO HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society, of which Frank H. Severance is secretary and treasurer, maintains museum collections obtained by gift and inci- dental to its primary work of historical research and publication. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 187 The collections include Indian implements; household articles of pio- neers; portraits and views of local interest; war relics; domestic articles from Hawaii, the Philippines, Cuba, Alaska, etc.; casts of Egyptian and Assyrian tablets; coins and medals. The library comprises 30,000 volumes of a historical nature and is open free to the public, together with the museum, on week-days from 10 to 5 and on Sundays from 2 to 5. The society occupies a building erected in 1900 at a cost of $200,000 defrayed* jointly by the state, the city, and the society. It receives a maintenance appropriation from the city but this is not available for increase of the museum. 14 volumes of publications have been issued, but these are not directly related to the museum. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. STAFF. Superintendent, Henry R. Howland; Lecturer, Carlos E. Cummings; Custodian of museum, William L. Bryant; i stenogra- pher, i janitor, and i caretaker. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, 6ooo±, foreign, 3oo±; Ethnology, native, 5oo±, foreign, iooo±. Of special interest are the local collections illustrating the characteristics of each important village site in Erie County, New York, and a collection of 300 specimens of pottery from Chiriqui, Central America. BOTANY. Cryptogamic and phanerogamic herbaria, 25,ooo±. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. Several collections illustrating the manufacture of marketable goods from natural products, as iron, steel, copper, pearl, mineral dyes, etc. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 300o± on exhibition and a large number in storage; Rocks, 25oo± on exhibition and many in storage. Special mention may be made of the Wadsworth collection of minerals, mostly from European localities and especially rich in fine groups of fluorite, calcite, quartz, etc. One room is devoted to the geology of Buffalo and vicinity. PALEONTOLOGY. There are on exhibition io,ooo± invertebrate, vertebrate and plant fossils, with a large number in storage and many types and figured specimens. The collection of crustaceans from the Waterlime group in the vicinity of Buffalo is especially important and includes some 80 varieties and over 250 specimens of Pterygotus, Eurypterus, and Ceratiocaris. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 12,900; Insects, 6ooo±; Other invertebrates, 378; Fishes, 242; Reptiles, 123; Birds, noo±; Mammals, 75; Bird eggs, 7oo±; Osteology, 33. 10 large groups are exhibited in natural surroundings; especially noteworthy are those of the American bison 1 88 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS including 6 individuals, Rocky Mountain goats (4 individuals), great blue heron (8 individuals), and whistling swan (5 individuals). HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences was organized in 1861 and incorporated in 1863. During the custodian- ship of Charles Linden the Society began in 1867 the educational work which has since been one of its controlling purposes. Since 1879 it has sent traveling collections of scientific exhibits to the schools of Buffalo and has given free lectures to school children and their teachers. Since 1905 this work has become an integral and compulsory part of the public school system of Buffalo, all the grammar school children com- ing by schedule to the society's rooms for their nature study, physiol- ogy, etc. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The society is in large part dependent for financial support on its membership dues, which are $5 per annum. It has the income from a very modest permanent endowment and receives a regular appropriation of $1000 a year from the city of Buffalo in partial recognition of its school service. BUILDING. The society occupies two floors of the public library building. It owns a desirable building site adjoining Delaware Park on which it is hoped to erect a new building. ADMINISTRATION. By a superintendent, responsible to a board of managers consisting of the officers and twelve managers elected by the society. SCOPE. The primary objects of the society are the encourage- ment of original research, the maintenance of local collections, public school work, and instruction of the general public. On Friday even- ings from November to May the society gives free public lectures, usually illustrated, on popular scientific subjects. LIBRARY. 5300 bound volumes; 2000 unbound. The library is restricted to scientific works and is intended for the use of the public. PUBLICATIONS. Semi-annual bulletins are published by the society, 9 volumes having been issued at the end of 1909. ATTENDANCE. The museum is open free to the public daily except Sunday from 9 to 5. GANISIUS COLLEGE. Museum. STAFF. Curator, Henry Wolff. ANTHROPOLOGY. 50 Dakota Indian relics and 300 old English curiosities. BOTANY. An American herbarium of 800 sheets; a European her- barium of 100 flowering plants and 500 fungi; and a collection of 200 seeds. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NA1URAL SCIENCES 189 GEOLOGY. 800 minerals, especially calcite and silicates; a Ward series of 250 rocks; and 300 local rocks. PALEONTOLOGY. 300 New York fossils; 300 cretaceous fossils from Maastricht, Holland; 75 fossils from the Bad Lands, South Dakota; and 50 specimens of petrified wood. ZOOLOGY. 2500 insects, especially coleoptera and hymenoptera; 100 reptiles, including some rare specimens from India 5^300 birds from United States, Austria, and Denmark; and 50 North American and European mammals. OTHER COLLECTIONS. 3630 Greek, Roman, and medieval coins; 300 books from 250 to 400 years old, including 50 early bibles. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. Small teaching collections in natural science. The specimens of most importance are a number of fossil crustaceans, especially Euryp- terus and Endarchus from neighboring localities. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of n acres, established in 1894, containing 57 reptiles, 117 birds, and 166 mammals. CANANDAIGUA: ONTARIO COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 'The society has a collection of about 800 articles relating to the history of Ontario County, and a library of 50 volumes, with manu- scripts, papers, etc., relating to the early history of western New York. CANTON: ST. LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY. Museum. STAFF. Curator, George H. Chadwick; Assistant, Arthur Head; Student assistant, Arthur Laidlaw; i janitor. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 50; Phanerogams, 150. A seed dispersal series is in process of formation. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 5oo±, in storage, 7oo±; Rocks, on exhibition, 2oo±, in storage, ioo±; Phenomenal geology, etc., on exhibition, 75, in storage, 50; Economic collections, on exhibi- tion, 300±, in storage, ioo±; Stratigraphic collections, on exhibition, ioo±, in storage, 25. The mineral collection is especially rich in material from northern New York. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 65o±, in storage, i5o±; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 25, in storage, 10; Plants, on exhi- IQO DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS bition, 60, in storage, 25. This material is chiefly from New York state. ZOOLOGY. 248 specimens on exhibition and 360 in storage. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was organized in 1906, though much of the material had been acquired during preceding years. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. From the general fund of the university. BUILDING. The museum occupies 1400 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 500 for offices, etc. in the Carnegie Science Hall erected in 1906 at a cost of $60,000. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the president of the university. SCOPE. College teaching and the maintenance of local collections. LIBRARY. A small collection of reference books for the use of students. ATTENDANCE. Open free to students and visitors during the college session, and at all times on application to the janitor. In addition to the above there is a small anthropological collec- tion in the department of history, and an art collection under a sepa- ate department. CLINTON: HAMILTON COLLEGE. The college maintains collections primarily for teaching purposes in Knox Hall in charge of W. G. Miller. The museum includes a considerable collection of Indian implements and relics, especially arrowheads, from the United States; the Dr. H. P. Sartwell herbarium; and a geological collection including 10,000 minerals and ores, and 5000 rocks and fossils. The Oren Root collection of New York state minerals is of special interest, being probably the best collection of its kind except that of the State Museum. There is also the John D. Conley collection of fossils and minerals. In zoology there is the Henry Loomis collection of about 10,000 shells, the Barlow and Arnold collections of insects, and the Barlow and Dorrance collections of local birds. CORTLAND: CORTLAND SCIENCE CLUB. The Cortland Science Club was formed by F. W. Higgins in 1899 and incorporated in 1902 for the purpose of acquiring and maintaining a museum and library and promoting the study of natural science. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 19 1 Its collection is in charge of F. E. Whitmore, curator, and is housed in the Hatch Library building. The collections include 500 birds and 300 bird eggs, 54 mammals, 70 fishes, i case of shells, 80 other inverte- brates; a small collection of rocks and minerals; Indian relics; and war relics and other articles of historical interest. ELMIRA: ARNOT ART GALLERY. The will of Matthias H. Arnot provides for the organization of a corporation with the name Arnot Art Gallery for the purpose of main- taining his residence and art collections as a public art gallery and reference library. The will provides the sum of $10,000 to be used in remodeling the building for its new use, and also an endowment of $200,000. Mr. Arnot's collection of paintings is valued at about $300,000 and is the principal part of his gift to the public. " As the will has but recently been admitted to probate the organization of the insti- tution is as yet incomplete. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 16 acres, established in 1894, containing 22 mammals. GENESEO: LIVINGSTON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society maintains a small collection of local historical articles, including wearing apparel, furniture, agricultural implements, por- traits, manuscripts, etc. There is also a mastodon skeleton and a collec- tion of minerals. GENEVA: HOBART COLLEGE. The college maintains museum collections in connection with the department of biology and in charge of E. H. Eaton, professor of biology. The museum includes several thousand fossils, mostly from local paleozoic strata; several hundred casts of famous and repre- sentative fossils from all parts of the world; 1400 mounted or alcoholic local vertebrates; skulls, skeletons, and anatomical preparations; several hundred microscopic slides; a collection of North American bird eggs and nests; a collection of stone implements from Europe and North America; a herbarium of 12,000 specimens; and a collection of rocks and ores. It is the aim of the museum to gather material for the IQ2 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS exhaustive illustration of the courses of study and to form a complete collection of the local fauna. Although intended primarily for instruc- tion the museum is open free to the public. GLEN IRIS: GENESEE VALLEY MUSEUM. (Letchworth Park.) This museum is on the Council House Grounds at Glen Iris in Letchworth Park, which comprises 1000 acres donated in 1907 by Wm. Pryor Letchworth to the State of New York. The museum build- ing is a fireproof structure 25 x 37 feet, erected by Mr. Letchworth in 1898 at a cost of $5000, and is maintained at his expense. During the life of the donor, charge of the property remains in his hands, but at his death passes into the custody and control of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. The museum collections were made for Mr. Letchworth by Mr. Henry R. Howland, of Buffalo, N. Y., and comprise 7000-8000 exhibits including the largest and best collection extant of artifacts from the two sites of Totiacton, one of the five great Seneca castles destroyed by De Nonville in 1687. This material is especially noteworthy for its bearing upon the history and life of the Iroquois, and especially of the Seneca Indians. Near the museum is the council house of the Senecas at Caneadea, which was removed by Mr. Letchworth in 1871 from the original site to Letchworth Park in order that it might be permanently preserved. The museum and grounds are open free to the public daily except Sunday. GRANVILLE: PEMBER LIBRARY AND MUSEUM. The museum contains about 2000 birds, including a pair of most North American species, and many foreign specimens. There is also a collection of bird eggs said to be one of the largest in the state, many mammals and mounted heads, and collections of shells, North American ferns, etc. The museum occupies about 3150 square feet of floor space on the second floor of the library and museum building, erected by Mr. and Mrs. F. T. Pember in 1908 at a cost of $30,000. The collection was gathered during the past 45 years by Mr. Pember and was given by him to the town, together with the cases. It is under the control of the library trustees, of which Mr. Pember is president. He also supports the museum and acts as curator. The BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 193 library is open every week-day and evening and the museum two days a week. Although the population of Granville is but 4000 the attend- ance at the museum amounts to from 75-125 daily. HAMILTON: COLGATE UNIVERSITY. The assistant librarian reports that the university maintains a museum, but no further information has been received from repeated requests. It is learned indirectly that the museum is housed in Lath- rop Hall and comprises the Urban collection of about 2000 minerals; a collection of western ores and other economic specimens; a good collec- tion of fossils, especially rich in material from the type locality of the Hamilton group on the college grounds; the Bickmore collection of East Indian birds; and a general collection of invertebrates. In addi- tion to these there is the Douglas herbarium of 1600 plants from north- eastern United States, and the Cobb collection of noo specimens of mosses, lichens, and ferns. ITHACA: CORNELL UNIVERSITY. Museum of Classical Archaeology. (Goldwin Smith Hall.) STAFF. Curator, Eugene P. Andrews. COLLECTIONS. Over 500 plaster casts, from original moulds, of the best and most typical works of Greek and Roman art extant; 15 examples of Greek pottery; 135 Greek coins, for the most part silver; over 300 paper impressions of Greek inscriptions; the British Museum set of 7 frames of electrotypes of Greek coins; and the most important of the galvan -plastische replicas of Mycenaean antiquities. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The casts are for the most part the gift of the late Henry W. Sage, in 1894, and represent an expenditure of about $20,000. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An annual appropriation of about $800 from the university. BUILDING. The museum occupies about half of the first floor in Goldwin Smith Hall, affording approximately 9000 square feet of exhibition space. . SCOPE. It is the aim of the museum to provide material for uni- versity lectures and to promote general culture. PUBLICATIONS. A catalog of the collections. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 1 2 and 2 to 5. The number of visitors is about 10,000 a year. IQ4 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS CORNELL UNIVERSITY. Department of Botany. (Sage College.) In addition to a small teaching collection this department main- tains a greenhouse consisting of six rooms with different temperatures, in which an extensive collection of tropical and subtropical plants are kept for class use, investigation, and exhibition. This greenhouse is in charge of the head of the department, Professor G. F. Atkinson, and is open free to the public on week-days, except holidays, from 8 to 5. CORNELL UNIVERSITY. College of Civil Engineering. This department of the university maintains teaching collections in charge of the director of the college, Professor E. E. Haskell, and comprising various series of models; details of construction; photo- graphs, blueprints, and diagrams; and an extensive collection of instru- ments of precision. This museum occupies a floor space of about 4000 square feet. CORNELL UNIVERSITY. Geological Museum. (McGraw Hall.) STAFF. Director, Henry S. Williams; Curators, A. C. Gill (miner- alogy and petrography), Heinrich Ries (economic geology), R. S. Tarr (physical geography), G. D. Harris and Henry S. Williams (paleontology and stratigraphy). ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. A collection of ores and rocks, comprising approximately 5000 specimens. MINERALOGY AND PETROGRAPHY. A good working collection of minerals and rocks, including the Silliman collection of minerals and numerous additions. PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY. The Jewett collection of New York paleozoic fossils, the Hart collection from the tertiary, a large collection of devonian material, and many other minor collec- tions, with a small collection of vertebrates. For comparison with fossil series, the Newcomb collection of 10,000 recent shells is also contained in this department. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. A large series of models, charts, maps, and other illustrative material for purposes of instruction and research. There is also a small department library. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum has rib endowment and is dependent upon the university funds for maintenance and enlarge- ment. BUILDING. The museum occupies exhibition rooms in the depart- ment of geology in McGraw Hall ; the study collections, which comprise the greater part of the material, being arranged in the laboratories. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES IQ5 The total amount of floor space occupied by the department is approxi- mately 12,000 square feet. SCOPE. Maintained primarily for university instruction and research. ATTENDANCE. The exhibition rooms are open free to the public on week-days. CORNELL UNIVERSITY. Museum of Invertebrate Zoology. STAFF. This museum is in charge of the staff of the department of entomology and general invertebrate zoology as follows: Professor, John Henry Comstock; Assistant professors, A. D. MacGillivray (entomology and invertebrate zoology), W. A. Riley (entomology), J. G. Needham (limnology and general biology), G. W. Herrick (economic entomology), C. R. Crosby (entomological investigations). COLLECTIONS. A synoptic series of about 1000 specimens of invertebrates, the complete series of glass models of invertebrates made by Blaschka, and the papier-mache models of Auzoux. The insect collections have been extensively developed as an adjunct to the work of instruction, and are especially rich in biological and illus- trative material. In addition to many exotic species, they contain specimens of a large part of the more common species of the United States. These have been determined by specialists, and are accessible for comparison. It is estimated that the insect collection comprises 115,000 specimens. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum has no separate funds and is dependent for maintenance and increase upon the general appropria- tion for the department. BUILDING. The exhibition collections of the museum occupy 1250 square feet of floor space in the main building of the College of Agriculture; the extensive study collections, however, are contained in cabinets in the laboratories. SCOPE. Maintained primarily for university instruction and research. The study collections are accessible to students. ATTENDANCE. The exhibition collections are open free to the public on week-days. CORNELL UNIVERSITY. Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. (McGraw Hall.) STAFF. The museum has no special staff; the head of the depart- ment of neurology and vertebrate zoology, Dr. Burt G. Wilder, acts as curator, with the assistance of other members of the staff of in- struction, as occasion may require. 1 96 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS COLLECTIONS. The total number of specimens is nearly 17,000, of which about one-half are in storerooms or laboratories, not com- monly open to the public, but accessible for study. Special care has been taken in the selection of a synoptic series of vertebrates. There are also faunal series, in which North American vertebrates are repre- sented by all the ganoids and cyclostomes, one-seventh of the teleosts, two-fifths of the selachians, two-thirds of the frogs and toads, one- third of the lizards, one-half of the salamanders, turtles, and serpents, two-fifths of the birds, and 70 of the mammals. The local fauna is represented by 65 fishes, 17 amphibians, 20 reptiles, 258 birds, and 39 mammals. As an aid to zoological instruction there are extensive series of embryos, dissected and injected viscera, and a series of about 1900 well-prepared brains of representative forms, distributed as follows: human adults and children, 500; human embryos and children at birth, 315; apes, monkeys, and lemurs, 235; domestic cats, 265; other mammals, 25; sharks and rays, 105; other vertebrates, 230. This collection includes many rare selachian and holocephalous genera; the human adult brains include 12 from more or less well- known educated persons of both sexes. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum has no special funds but is supported from the general appropriation for the department. The amount expended upon the museum proper is about $250 annually. BUILDING. The portion of the museum which is open to the pub- lic occupies about 5575 square feet of floor space an McGraw Hall. The storage collections are kept in the laboratories and storerooms of the department. SCOPE. Primarily college teaching and research. ATTENDANCE. The exhibition collections are open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5. No statistics of attendance are available. CORNELL UNIVERSITY. Veterinary College. The college maintains, for purposes of instruction, a collection of about 3000 pathological specimens and several hundred physiological, pharmaceutical, and anatomical preparations. A part of these collec- tions occupies 2500 square feet of floor space in the middle section of the college building, and is open to the public from 9 to 5, although the specimens are not labeled for public exhibition. These collections are in charge of the several professors and are supported from the general funds of the college, derived from appropriations of the state legislature. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 197 JAMESTOWN: JAMES PRENDERGAST FREE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Art Gallery. By provision of the will of Mary Norton Prendergast, the sum of $25,000 was, in 1889, bequeathed to the association to be expended for "oil paintings — works of art," to be placed in the art gallery in the library building. In addition to the pictures thus purchased the family portraits and other paintings from the Prendergast home have a place in the gallery. JOHNSTOWN: JOHNSTOWN HISTORICAL SOCIETY. In addition to a small library of local history, the society main- tains a museum in the Sir William Johnson mansion. The collections are in charge of a caretaker, and are open free to the public on week- days from i to 4. LAKE GEORGE: NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society reports that it holds valuable collections, but does not maintain a museum. NEW BRIGHTON: STATEN ISLAND ASSOCIATION OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. Public Museum. STAFF. Curator-in-chief, Charles Louis Pollard; Honorary cura- tors, William T. Davis (zoology), Philip Dowell (botany), Arthur Hollick (geology and paleontology), John Q. Adams (art); Honorary assistants, James Chapin (zoology), Alan son B. Skinner (anthro- pology); Assistant, Agnes L. Pollard. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, 15,000^; Ethnology, na- tive, 5oo±. This department includes one of the most complete collections in existence of Staten Island Indian relics; also the Skinner collection of Iroquois Indian ethnology. ART. The art exhibits consist almost entirely of loan collections, changed from time to time. BOTANY. A herbarium of 7372 mounted and 2ooo± unmounted specimens. The department includes a good collection of seeds and fruits of Staten Island and photographs of Staten Island trees. GEOGRAPHY. Copies of practically all maps of Staten Island 198 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS published since 1825; photographs of the originals of earlier maps; many United States geological survey charts. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 150, in storage, 25oo±; Rocks, on exhibition, 300, in storage, 2ooo± ; Relief maps, models, etc., 20. This department includes a very complete series illustrating the petrography and stratigraphy of Staten Island; also the Sanderson Smith and the F. Hollick collections of minerals. HISTORY. Many old documents, books, relics, coins, etc., re- lating to the early history of Staten Island and vicinity. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 100, in storage, 250; Plants, on exhibition, 50, in storage, 400, types and figured speci- mens, 14. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 260, in storage, 22oo±; Insects, on exhibition, 750, in storage, 35oo±; Other invertebrates, on exhibi- tion, 40, in storage, 175; Fishes, 5; Batrachians, on exhibition, 24, in storage, no; Reptiles, on exhibition, 50, in storage, 300; Birds, on exhibition, 346, in storage, 50; Mammals, on exhibition, 5, in storage, ii. There are also exhibition series illustrating variation, mimicry, etc., and insect architecture, marine life, and special characteristics of bird eggs. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences was incorporated in 1905 as the successor of the Natural Science Association of Staten Island. The charter authorized the city of New York to furnish quarters and to make an annual appro- priation for maintenance not exceeding $10,000. In 1907 the large library room in Borough Hall was assigned to the association for mus- eum purposes and the following year $4000 was appropriated for equipment. The museum was opened to the public May 23, 1908, the association providing the means for carrying on the work during the remainder of that year. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum receives an optional appro- priation from New York City which amounted in 1909 to $4000. This sum was devoted to the salaries of officials. About $900 is received annually from memberships and about $50 from sale of publications. Life membership dues of $50 are applied to a permanent fund; active membership dues at $3 a year are expended for publication of the Proceedings, subscriptions to periodicals, purchase of books, and general administrative expenses. BUILDING. The dty gives free use of a room on the third floor of the borough building with light, heat, and janitor service. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator-in-chief, responsible to a board BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 199 of trustees which is represented by a museum committee in immediate charge of the museum. SCOPE. The maintenance of local collections, public school work, and instruction of the general public, supplemented by explora- tion and research by the staff. Loan exhibits are maintained from time to time in the Staten Island branches of the New York Public Library. LIBRARY. A scientific library of 1000 volumes and 2000 pam- phlets is maintained for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Proceedings of the Natural Science Associ- ation of Staten Island; this series is complete in 9 volumes issued from 1883 to 1905. (2) Proceedings of the Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences, 2 parts issued annually, 4 parts making a volume; volume I was completed in May, 1907. ATTENDANCE. Open to members at all times and open free to the public from 10 to 5 on Saturdays, and from i to 5 on Tuesdays, Wed- nesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays. The total attendance for the first six months was 1512; for the succeeding five months, 1876. NEW YORK CITY: ACADEMY MT. ST. VINCENT. This academy has a museum which includes the Arnold collection of about 1000 minerals, somewhat increased by subsequent additions; the Benjamin F. Joslin collection of minerals and shells; the John Gilmary Shea collection of about 400 coins; the John Fox collection of corals; etc. AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. STAFF. Director, Hermon C. Bumpus; Curator emeritus, Albert S. Bickmore (public education); Honorary curators, George F. Kunz (gems), William M. Wheeler (social insects), Alexander Petrunkevitch (arachnida), Aaron L. Treadwell (annulata); Curators, E. O. Hovey (geology and invertebrate paleontology), L. P. Gratacap (mineralogy and mollusca), Henry E. Crampton (invertebrate zoology), J. A. Allen (mammalogy and ornithology), Frank M. Chapman (ornithology), Henry F. Osborn (vertebrate paleontology), Clark Wissler (anthro- pology), Ralph W. Towrer (physiology; books and publications), Charles E. A. Winslow (public health), George H. Sherwood (public education); Associate curators, W. D. Matthew (vertebrate paleon- tology), Pliny E. Goddard and Harlan I. Smith (anthropology), William Beutenmuller (lepidoptera) ; Assistant curators, Roy W. Miner 200 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS and Frank E. Lutz (invertebrate zoology), Louis Hussakof (fossil fishes), Walter Granger (fossil mammals), Barnum Brown (fossil reptiles), R. H. Lowie and H. J. Spinden (anthropology); Assistants, Roy C. Andrews (mammalogy), W. deW. Miller (ornithology), Charles W. Mead and Alanson Skinner (anthropology), Mary C. Dickerson (in charge of woods and forestry), Anthony Woodward (in charge of maps and charts); Preparators and technical employees, 37; Administrative and clerical employees, 42; Engineers and mechanical employees, 28; Custody of building, employees, 72. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, 94,000, foreign, 15,000; Ethnology, native, 31,000, foreign, 108,500. There are 12 life-size ethnological groups on exhibition. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 13,000, in storage, 5000; Rocks, on exhibition, 1500, in storage, 10,000; Relief maps, 23. Other collections include 1450 gems on exhibition and 1550 in storage, 580 meteorites, and 1050 building stones. Material of special interest includes collections from Mt. Pele; the Willamette meteorite; and "Ahnighito," the Cape York meteorite. The last weighs 36.5 tons and is the largest and heaviest meteorite known. . PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 236,000, in stor- age, 8300, types and figured specimens, 8500; Vertebrates, on exhibi- tion, 2coo±, in storage, 18,000, types and figured specimens, 1000; Plants, on exhibition, 1500, in storage, 1000. Material of special interest on exhibition includes 49 complete mounted skeletons of mam- mals and 24 of reptiles and amphibians. There are also important series illustrating the evolution of the horse, and extensive series of dinosaurs. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 65,ooo±, in storage, 185,000, types and figured specimens, 140; Insects, extensive collections with numerous types and figured specimens; Fishes, batrachians, and rep- tiles, small collections; Birds and mammals, extensive collections. There are special economic exhibits of insects; local and seasonal ex- hibits of birds; and enlarged models and life-size groups of inverte- brates. The~e are 56 large and 108 small groups of animals exhibited in natural surroundings; among these special mention may be made of the habitat groups of birds. OTHER DEPARTMENTS. The department of public education maintains a children's room, an exhibit for the blind, and loan collec- tions of nature study material. During the school year 463 cabinets have been sent to 384 schools, containing over a million children. The departments of physiology and public health are at present BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2OI incomplete. The department of woods and forestry has on exhibi- tion 505 specimens and in storage, 2587. HISTORICAL SKETCH. This museum was founded in 1869 and was first housed in the arsenal in Central Park. The cornerstone of its present building in Manhattan Square was laid in 1874. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Income from endowment, $108,000; city appropriation, $185,000; subscriptions, memberships, etc., $25,ooo±. There are also special funds. By agreement, the city erects the build- ings and provides for the maintenance of the museum, the collections being provided by the museum corporation. BUILDING. Erected by the city in 1874-1908 at a cost of $4,838,- ooo. The number of square feet of floor space available for exhibi- tion is 262,336; for offices, workrooms, etc., 176,523. ADMINISTRATION. By a board of trustees, and a director, who acts as executive officer. SCOPE. Instruction of the general public, exploration, research, and public school work are the chief activities of the museum. LIBRARY. About 40,000 books and 20,000 pamphlets, intended for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Annual Report. (2) Bulletin, i volume issued annually. (3) Memoirs, issued irregularly. (4) Anthropo- logical papers, a part of the Bulletin devoted exclusively to anthro- pology and issued at irregular intervals. (5) Ethnographical Album. (6) Museum Journal, a popular record of museum work issued monthly from October to May. (7) Guide Leaflets, issued at irregular inter- vals. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5 and on Sundays from i to 5. The attendance in 1909 was 839,141. AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. (156th Street west of Broadway.) This society was organized in 1858 and is the second oldest society of its kind in America. It maintains a large collection of coins and medals and a large numismatic library which are open free to the pub- lic daily from 10 to 5. The society also publishes the American Jour- nal of Numismatics. The museum staff consists of Bauman L. Bel- den, director, and Agnes Baldwin, curator. The society owns its building. COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. The college has more or less extensive collections in various de- partments but has no organized museum. In addition -to material 202 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS purchased by the college there are a number of special gift collections containing valuable material. The department of chemistry has a museum illustrating the manufacture of substances from raw material. The department of history maintains a collection of articles of histori- cal interest in connection with the history of New York. The de- partment of natural history maintains an extensive museum, of which the nucleus was given by Dr. Bashford Dean; there is also a large series of mineralogical specimens. COLONIAL DAMES OF AMERICA. This society, organized in 1890, is said by Thwaites to maintain museum and art collections. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. BOTANY. The collections of this department are united with those of the New York Botanical Garden in Bronx Park, with the exception of a small teaching collection in Schermerhorn Hall. CHEMISTRY. The Chandler museum of applied chemistry con- tains illustrations of the chemical and physical history of electricity, photography, glass, pottery, etc. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. This collection is housed in Schermerhorn Hall, and consists chiefly of the collections gathered by the late Professor J. S. Newberry. It is especially rich in fossil fishes (now on deposit in the American Museum of Natural History), of which it contains many types; there is also an unusually fine specimen of the Irish elk. The extensive collections of fossil plants formerly in this museum are now deposited with the New York Botanical Garden. ZOOLOGY. An excellent teaching collection, covering osteology embryology, cytology, invertebrate zoology, etc. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. Egleston Mineralogical Museum. This collection is housed in Schermerhorn Hall and is in charge of Alfred J. Moses. It was formed in 1864 as a working collection for the School of Mines. In 1880 it had grown to 13,000 specimens, in 1890 to 19,000, and in 1900 to approximately 30,000, all carefully selected specimens. In addition to the exhibition series, which are well in- stalled and completely cataloged, there are extensive study collections for the use of students. There is a working library of about 1000 volumes on mineralogy and crystallography, intended for the use of the staff and students. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 203 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY— TEACHERS COLLEGE. Educational Museum. STAFF. Curator, David Eugene Smith; Assistant, Sarah Mitchell Neilson. COLLECTIONS. These include an exhibit of school materials and work, together with a large loan collection of material illustrating the historical development of mathematics. The special material owned by the museum relates to the teaching of classics, history, and art. There is a loan collection of material used in teaching in the various grades of the public schools, and a collection of about 2000 current text books for elementary and secondary schools, exhibited in the col- lege library. It also possesses for circulation in the college and its schools, over 8000 photographs and pictures, and over 10,000 lantern slides, together with a number of special collections in household arts, history of education, and other branches. There is a collection of the work of pupils, preserved in scrap books for future reference. The scrap book collection also includes illustrations of the best known schools in different parts of the world. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum had its origin in the Child- ren's Industrial Exposition, held in 1886. From 1886 to 1899 a mus- eum room was maintained at 9 University Place. In 1899 the first curator was appointed and systematic museum work commenced. SCOPE. The museum serves three main functions: (i) As a repository of exhibits showing the work of various departments. (2) As an agency to collect and circulate illustrative material for the use of the college and its schools. (3) Asa place for temporary exhibits of an educational nature, about 6 of these being held during the academic year. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. From the general budget of the college. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily, except Saturdays, from 9 to 5. Saturdays from 9 to 12 excepting from the close of the summer session to the opening of the academic year. COOPER UNION. Museum for the Arts of Decoration. STAFF. Directors. Mrs. Abram S. Hewitt, Mrs. J. O. Green, Sarah Cooper Hewitt, Eleanor G. Hewitt; 4 custodians. ART. The collections include only such articles as are decorative in their nature, and these are arranged to show the historical develop- ment of ornament as applied to the various artistic trades. The arrangement is chronological in centuries, with alphabetical sub-divi- sions into countries and further alphabetical sub-divisions into artists, cities, etc. The objects exhibited include sculpture, prints and 2O4 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS engravings, oil paintings of various periods, water colors, ceramics, a very fine collection of textiles of various countries from the 4th century to modern times, metal work, bronzes, furniture, casts of interior and exterior decorative work, book bindings, enamels, numis- matics, jewelry, costumes and accessories, prints of plants, trees, and flowers. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The nucleus of this museum was formed by a large collection of casts of the best French architectural and interior decorative motives, presented by Mr. and Mrs. Abram S. Hewitt and their daughters in 1889. The museum was formally opened in May, 1896. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The Cooper Union provides the room, heat, light, and the salaries of the custodians, but the collections are increased by the purchases of the museum directors themselves or by donations of interested friends. BUILDING. The museum occupies one floor of the Cooper Union. ADMINISTRATION. By a board of directors consisting of four ladies who are responsible to the trustees of the Cooper Union. SCOPE. The collections are intended primarily for the use of the Cooper Union classes but are accessible to everybody. Several private schools have sent their classes to work in the museum; furni- ture makers have already reproduced many of the pieces at consider- able profit, and thus have extended the taste for the best models of different countries; and decorators have employed Cooper Union students to sketch interiors and furnishings in the museum for exhibi- tion to their clients. LIBRARY. A reference library on art subjects and 800 encyclo- paedic scrap books are accessible to the public and the students. ATTENDANCE. The museum is open free to the public, day and night, on 201 working days during the year, with the provision that each visitor inscribe his name, address, and profession in the admis- sion book. In the year 1908-9, the total number of visitors, students, and workers, was 6627. HISPANIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA. (156th Street west of Broadway.) The museum of the society comprises a small number of paintings; wood-carving; silver-work; ironwork; ivory plaques and combs of Phenician origin; neolithic and Roman pottery; objects of domestic use from the Roman Italica; ejecutorias or patents of nobility; a collection of Hispano-Moresque plaques; examples of Buen Retiro ware; azulejos, or glazed tiles; Roman mosaics; some 160 Spanish BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2O$ incunabula, beginning with a large collection of the first printer in Spain, Lambert Palmart of Valencia; a few incunabula of printers in Italy and Germany, of interest for comparison or on other grounds; autograph letters of Charles V and of the Duke of Wellington; a few Latin and Hebrew manuscripts; manuscripts of George Borrow and of Robert Southey; first editions of the important Spanish authors; a general Spanish numismatic collection; drawings by Vierge.il lustra tive of Don Quijote; copies of Velazquez; ecclesiastical embroideries; ancient maps; portolans; prints and facsimilies. These collections are installed in the galleries of the society's building, where they are open free to the public daily, except in the month of August and on Christmas and Thanksgiving, from i to 5. The Hispanic Society was founded in 1904 by Mr. Archer M. Hunting- ton, who has also given the building and collections. The society has also a very valuable library and issues various .publications. METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART. STAFF. Director, Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke; Assistant director, Edward Robinson; Assistant secretary, Henry W. Kent; Curator emeritus, George H. Story; Curators, Bryson Burroughs (paintings), Edwrard Robinson (classical art), Wilhelm R. Valentiner (decorative arts), Bashford Dean (arms and armor), John H. Buck (metal work); Assistant curators, A. B. de St. M. D'Hervilly (paintings), Garrett Chatfield Pier and Joseph H. Breck (decorative arts), Charles R. Gillett (Egyptian department and Cesnola collection); Assistants, Gisela M. A. Richter (classical art), Frances Morris (in charge of textiles and musical instruments) , Ethel A. Pennell (in charge of photo- graphs), Clarence L. Hoblitzelle, Jr. and Florence N. Levy (general assistants); European adviser on paintings, Roger E. Fry; Museum instructor, Marion E. Fenton; Librarian, William Clifford; Assistant librarian, Lucie E. Wallace; Superintendent of building, Conrad Hewitt; Assistant superintendent, Walter F. Williams. ART. Antiquities: Etruscan bronze chariot, 6th century B. c.; Roman bronze statue of Emperor Trebonianus Gallus; Wall-paintings from Boscoreale; Cesnola collection of antiquities from Cyprus; Gold ornaments, inscribed cylinders, gems, etc. Oriental Art: Collec- tion of Chinese porcelains lent by Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan; Heber R. Bishop collection of jades, etc. ; Japanese arms and armor; E. C. Moore collection of oriental art. Western Art: Selected pain tings; the Hoent- schel collection of French Gothic art lent by Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan; the Hoentschel collection of French i8th century art given by Mr. Mor- 206 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS gan; Dino and Ellis collections of arms and armor; Mrs. S. P. Avery collection of spoons; Moses Lazarus collection of fans; Burgundian Gothic tapestries; Crosby-Brown collection of musical instruments; Woodwork and furniture. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The movement which resulted in the establishment of the museum was initiated by the Union League Club in 1869. The institution was incorporated in April 1870, and the nucleus of the collections was formed by the purchase of three collec- tions of old masters in 1871 and of the Cesnola collections of Cypriote antiquities, 1872-6. Prior to 1880 the museum occupied rented quarters, first on Fifth Avenue and then on Fourteenth Street, and the present building was opened to the public in 1880. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum has the following sources of income: endowment; city appropriation, optional within fixed limits, in 1909, $200,000; memberships, $45,860; admission fees, $11,622.50; sale of publications, $8,759.93. The administration expenses for 1909 exceeded $285,000. BUILDING. Erected in 1874, and opened to the public in 1880. It has since grown to about seven times its original size and still further additions are in progress. All additions have been constructed and equipped by the city, whose property they are. ADMINISTRATION. By a board of trustees. LIBRARY. 15,000 volumes on the fine arts and archeology, housed in a separate library building, and used by the public as well as by the staff. There are large supplementary collections of photo- graphs. PUBLICATIONS. These include annual reports (1871 to date), photographs, circulars of information, catalogs, and a monthly Bulletin. ATTENDANCE. Open to the public daily, from 10 to 6 in summer and 5 in winter (on Saturdays from 10 to 10 and Sundays i to 6). Admission is free except on Mondays and Fridays when an entrance fee of 25 cents is charged to all except members, copyists, and teachers with classes. NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. (Bronx Park.) STAFF. Director-in-chief, N. L. Britton; Assistant director, W. A. Murrill; Head curator, John K. Small; Curators, P. A. Rydberg, Arthur Hollick, Marshall A. Howe, H. H. Rusby (economic collec- tions); Museum custodian, Arthur J. Corbett; Head gardener, George V. Nash; Director of the laboratories, Fred J. Seaver; Librarian, BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 207 John H. Barnhart; Consulting chemist, W. J. Gies; Superintendent, F. A. Schilling; Landscape engineer, John R. Brinley; Clerk and ac- countant, W. S. Groesbeck; Administrative assistant, Percy Wilson. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 5oo,ooo±, including several thousand types and figured specimens; Phanerogams, 75o,ooo±, including several thousand types and figured specimens. There is a special local herbarium of 10,000 specimens; an economic and a systematic museum, each containing many thousand specimens; public green- houses containing 8000 species and races; a systematic herbaceous garden of 2500 species; a fruiticetum of 700 species and races; an arboretum of 520 species and races; an economic garden of 150 species; a morphologic garden of 100 species; and numerous special and decora- tive plantations. Many of the herbarium and garden collections are related to commerce and industry; portions of the collections illustrate geograph- ical distribution. There are also within the grounds examples of glaciated rock surfaces, transplanted boulders, river terraces, a post- glacial gorge, exposures of gneissic and schistose rocks, and other features of geologic interest. PALEONTOLOGY. Fossil plants, on exhibition, 3700, in storage, 10,300, types and figured specimens, 1000. Nearly all of the specimens in storage are accessible for study purposes. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Income from endowment, $13,500; city appropriations for maintenance, $75,000; memberships, $9500; gifts, in 1908, about $9300; sale of publications, $1400. The city is required by its charter to maintain the garden but the amount of the appro- priation is not fixed. BUILDINGS. The buildings have been erected since 1898 by the city at a cost of about $700,000. There is 40,000 square feet of floor space available for the museum, 25,000 for the laboratories, library, offices, workrooms, etc., and 60,000 for the public conservatories. ADMINISTRATION. By a board of managers. SCOPE. Exploration, research, maintenance of local collections, college and public school teaching, and instruction of the general public. LIBRARY. 21,230 bound volumes and many thousand pamphlets on botany and horticulture, intended primarily for the use of the staff. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Journal of the New York Botanical Gar- den, published monthly, 10 volumes issued. (2) Mycologia, published bi-monthly, first volume begun in 1909. (3) Bulletin of 2t)8 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS the New York Botanical Garden, 6 volumes issued to 1909. (4) North American Flora, planned to be complete in 30 volumes, 12 parts issued to 1909. (5) Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 4 volumes issued. (6) Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden, 4 volumes issued. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily from 10 to 5. No record of attendance kept. THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY (170 Central Park West.) This society, founded in 1804, maintains collections comprising 76 pieces of sculpture, a collection of New York prints, and 944 oil paintings. Among special collections may be mentioned the Peter Marie collection of miniatures consisting of portraits of American women, the Bryan gallery of old masters, the collection of the New York Gallery of Fine Arts, the Dlirr gallery, the Abbott collection of Egyptian antiquities, and the Lenox collection of Nineveh sculptures. The society maintains a library of 150,000 volumes on American history and publishes a series of Collections containing material on American history. NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY. Lenox Branch. (Fifth Avenue and 70th Street.) The library has two galleries: (i) the Lenox gallery, containing 150 paintings, several marble statues, and other objects of art; (2) the Stuart gallery, containing 242 paintings and one piece of Gobelin tapestry, 13^ X 21 J feet in size. These collections are maintained but not increased by the New York Public Library. There are catalogs of each collection, but no other publications relating to them. It is expected that this collection will be moved to. a new library building at Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street, in 1911. NEW YORK UNIVERSITY. No reply has been received to repeated requests for information regarding the museums of the university, which are said by Merrill to comprise ethnological collections, 1500 minerals, 8000 specimens of economic geology, 16,000 fossils, and zoological specimens which are especially rich in Bermuda material. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Aquarium. (Battery Park. ) STAFF. Director, Charles Haskins Townsend; Assistant direc- tor, R. C. Osburn; Assistants, L. B. Spencer (fresh-water collec- tions), W. I. DeMyse (marine collections); i clerk and stenographer i foreman, 3 engineers, 3 fire men, 3 filter men, and 15 attendants. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2OQ AQUARIA. These contain a total of 3000-4000 specimens? including: Pishes, 2oo± species (fresh-water and marine) ; Batrachians, 3O± species; Reptiles, 4o± species; Mammals, 3 to 5 species; a few aquatic insects and numerous marine invertebrates. The laboratory contains many small self-sustaining aquaria. FISH HATCHERY. Maintained as a fish-cultural exhibit and producing yearly from 3 to 8 million young food and game fishes, which are afterwards deposited in New York State waters. Fish eggs are supplied by the United States bureau of fisheries from government hatcheries. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The aquarium was opened to the public in 1896, under the control of the park department. On November i, 1902, its management was transferred from the department of parks to the New York Zoological Society. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An annual appropriation of $45,000 from the city, extra appropriations sometimes being made for improvements. BUILDING. Erected in 1807 by the United States Government as a fort, known as West Battery, and after the war of 1812 as Castle Clinton; in 1822, ceded by Congress to the city of New York, and used as a place of amusement called Castle Garden. Many events of his- torical interest occurred here. From 1855 to 1891, used by the Bureau of Immigration as a landing station for immigrants; opened as an aquarium in 1896. The building is circular in form, with a diameter of 205 feet, and contains, besides the large exhibition hall, 6 large offices and workrooms. It has 7 large floor pools, the largest being 37 feet in diameter, and 7 feet deep, 94 large wall tanks, and 30 smaller tanks: It is equipped for heating sea water for tropical fishes in winter and has a refrigerating plant for cooling fresh water in summer. The salt-water wall tanks are supplied from a reservoir holding 100,000 gallons of pure stored sea water. This water, brought in by steamer, is used as a "closed cir- culation," the water being pumped through the exhibition tanks and falling thence, through sand filters, back to the reservoir. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to the New York Zoological Society through its executive committee. SCOPE. Entertainment and instruction of the general public and of the pupils of the city schools. On Monday forenoons it is closed to the public and its facilities placed at the disposal of teachers with their classes. Small aquaria have been placed in 300 schools of the city and teachers are supplied with the surplus zoological material. The research laboratory is used by the staff and by university 2IO DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS students and professors engaged in marine biological research. A photographic room provides for the making of pictures of aquatic animals. LIBRARY. A working library of about 700 volumes on ichthy- ology, marine zoology, fisheries, and aquatic life in general. PUBLICATIONS. Annual reports and occasional bulletins, issued as publications of the New York Zoological Society. The first volume of a proposed New York Aquarium Nature Series has already appeared under the title of "Sea-Shore Life," Mayer. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily, April-October, from 9 to 5; November-March, 10 to 4; closed on Monday forenoons except to classes, and to members of the society. The attendance in 1909 was 3,803,501, with a daily average of 10,417. The attendance for the past 13 years exceeds 25,500,000. NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Zoological Park. (Bronx Park.) STAFF. Director and general curator, William T. Hornaday; Chief clerk and disbursing officer, H. R. Mitchell ; Curator of reptiles and assistant curator of mammals, Raymond L. Ditmars; Curator of birds, C. William Beebe; Chief forester and constructor, H. W. Merkel; Veterinarian, W. Reid Blair; Civil engineer, George M. Beerbower; Photographer and assistant editor, Elwin R. Sanborn; Assistant to chief clerk, William I. Mitchell. Permanent employees: General ad- ministration, 19; Care of animal collections, 29; Maintenance and repairs, 31 ; Care of grounds, 56. COLLECTIONS. Batrachians and reptiles, 1308 specimens, rep- resenting 198 species; Birds, 2880 specimens, representing 665 species; Mammals, 812 specimens, representing 254 species. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The New York Zoological Society was in- corporated in 1895 for the purpose of maintaining a public zoological park for the preservation of native animals and for the promotion of zoology. The final plan for the zoological park was approved November 22, 1897, and the society assumed control of the grounds July i, 1898. The first building was begun August n, 1898, and the park was formally opened to the public November 9, 1899. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. A city appropriation for maintenance of park and collections, amounting in 1910 to $167, 632, supplemented by the income of the Zoological Society from memberships, amounting in 1909 to $26,753. BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. Large animal buildings (all heated), 12; Small animal buildings (4 heated), 14; Large groups of outdoor BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 211 dens, aviaries, and corrals, 12; Animal storehouses, for winter use, 3; Restaurants, 2; 'Public-comfort buildings, 6; Entrances, 8; Area of park land and water, 264 acres; Area of water, 30 acres; Walks and roads, 7.78 miles; Fences, 10.55 rniles. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to the executive committee of the New York Zoological Society. LIBRARY. The creation of a library of vertebrate zoolcrgy for the use of both staff and public was seriously begun in 1910. PUBLICATIONS. The society issues an annual report, a quarterly bulletin, and Zoologica at intervals. ATTENDANCE. Open to the pubilc daily from 9 (Nov. i-May i, from 10) to a. half hour before surset. On Mondays and Thursdays (except when these are holidays) admissions of 25 and 15 cents are charged. At all other times admission is free. The attendance in 1909 was 1,614,953: from January i, 1900, to January i, 1910, there was a total attendance of 10,913,528. THE PENNSYLVANIA SOCIETY. (218 Fulton Street.) The society maintains small historical collections which it hopes ultimately to develop into a museum. NIAGARA: NIAGARA UNIVERSITY. The university maintains the following museum collections for teaching purposes: 60 anthropological specimens, 100 numismatic specimens, a herbarium of 300 native plants, 400 minerals, 2000 fos- sils, and 130 zoological specimens. POUGHKEEPSIE: VASSAR COLLEGE. STAFF. Curators, A. L. Treadwell (natural history), L. F. Pilcher (art). ANTHROPOLOGY. 350 specimens of arrowheads, etc. from the United States; the Ermine A. Smith collection of 200 ethnologic specimens of the Zuni Indians; the Orton collection of 120 specimens from South America, including valuable pottery, an ancient Peruvian mummy, and a compressed human head from the Amazon; 100 other archeologic and ethnologic specimens. ART. Oil paintings, water colors, Arundel prints, and an extensive collection of casts. 212 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS BOTANY. Cryptogams, 2000; Phanerogams, 45oo±. The de- partment includes the Merrill collection of 1000 ferns; 100 Hawaiian ferns; a general herbarium of 1500 specimens; and ico plants, in many cases with open flowers, preserved in alcohol. As an adjunct to the museum the Eleanor conservatory contains about 1500 plants repre- senting the leading families. GEOLOGY. Minerals and rocks, 2572; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 50; Microscopic sections of rocks, 100. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrate, vertebrate, and plant fossils, on exhibition, 1625, in storage, 2ioo±. This collection includes skeletons of a mastodon and a moa; 100 fine sections of American fossil bryozoa; and 50 species of fossil ostracoid entomostraca. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 5oo±, in storage, 6000; Insects, 5oo±; Other invertebrates, 30o±; Fishes, 4o±; Batrachians, ioo±; Reptiles, ioo±; Birds, on exhibition, 2500=!=, in storage, i22±; Mammals, i4o±. The collection of birds includes the types of Ster- corarius pomerinus (Audubon specimen), Icterus graceaurcea, and Merula hauxwelli. Especially valuable specimens are the great auk which served as the original of Audubon's plate, a male Labrador duck, and several ivory-billed woodpeckers and Carolina parakeets. These specimens were in the collection of J. J. Giraud, who was a friend of Audubon and obtained some of his specimens from him. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The college grants annually $650 to each of the two divisions of the museum (art and natural history). There is also a fund of $2000 left by J. J. Giraud, the income of which is used for the extension of the collection of North American birds. ADMINISTRATION. By curators, responsible to a board of trustees through the president of the college. SCOPE. The purpose of the museum is college teaching. ROCHESTER: ROCHESTER ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. The academy has botanical and zoological collections deposited in the museum of the University of Rochester. ROCHESTER HISTORICAL SOCIETY. In addition to a library of several thousand volumes on local American history, the society maintains a collection of Indian relics and other anthropological material; portraits of local celebrities and other prints and paintings of a historical nature. The collection is in BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 213 charge of W. H. Samson, chairman of library committee, N. S. Olds, curator, and R. T. Webster, assistant curator. UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER. Museums. STAFF. Curators, H. L. Fairchild (geology and paleontology), Charles Wright Dodge (botany and zoology). ANTHROPOLOGY. A small but well authenticated collection of flint and bronze instruments from the drift region of Abbeville and St. Acheul in France; stone implements from Copenhagen; North American stone implements, including the Lewis H. Morgan collection relating to North American Indians, mound builders, and cliff dwellers; and specimens of pottery from the tombs of the Incas. BOTANY. A general teaching collection and the following special collections: flowering plants and ferns of Monroe County, New York, and a general collection of ferns deposited by the Rochester Academy of Science; the Huntley collection of New Zealand ferns ; several hundred species of the smaller fungi. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 5000, in storage, iooo±; Rocks, on exhibition, 3000, in storage, iooo± ; Economic collections, etc., 2ooo±. Most of the material in this department is a part of the Ward collections, accumulated during many years of extensive travel and forming one of the best geological museums jn the country. PALEONTOLOGY. There are 25,ooo± fossils on exhibition and iooo± in storage, including about 8000 European species. The col- lection is particularly rich in ammonites and tertiary mollusks. There are a large number of Ward casts, and a collection of carboniferous plants made by Professor Fairchild in the Wyoming and Lackawanna coal basin. ZOOLOGY. This collection was established in 1890, and includes the Ward collection of South American birds and mammals; the Charles Andrews memorial collection of Monroe County snails; a large collec- tion of mollusks deposited by Charles M. Robinson; a collection of land and water shells of Monroe County, deposited by the Rochester Academy of Science; the Eaton and Wilbur collection of 500 specimens illustrating 175 species of birds of Western New York; a large collec- tion of bird eggs and nests; a collection of butterflies and moths de- posited by the Rochester Academy of Science and the valuable Watson collection illustrating protective resemblance and allied phenomena among insects; and the Lewis H. Morgan collection, con- taining the original specimens used in illustrating his monograph on "The American Beaver and his Works." 214 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS HISTORICAL SKETCH. The greater part of the material in the geological and paleontological collections was accumulated by the late Henry A. Ward and was purchased in 1862 for the university through the generosity of citizens of Rochester, at a cost of $20,000. It includes about 40,000 specimens of the finest quality, mostly foreign, handsomely mounted and labeled. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. From the general funds of the university. BUILDING. The museum of geology and paleontology is located on the second floor of Sibley Hall; the museums of botany and zoology are on the third floor of the Eastman laboratories. SCOPE. College teaching, supplemented by public school work and instruction of the general public. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT. This is a commercial company incorporated under the laws of New York for the purpose of collecting, preparing, and dealing in objects of natural history. This has been the chief supply house for American museums for more than forty-five years. STAFF. President, Frank A. Ward; Treasurer, Edward S. Ward; and an average of 20 employees, including mineralogists, paleontolo- gists, conchologists, osteologists, taxidermists, etc. ANTHROPOLOGY. 5ooo± articles of war, utility, ceremony, and adornment of ancient and modern races from all parts of the world, also a large series of aboriginal skulls and skeletons. BOTANY. Models illustrating the anatomy of plants. GEOGRAPHY. A series of relief maps. GEOLOGY. 160,000 minerals from all parts of the world; a large collection of meteorites ; 2 2 ,000 specimens illustrating general petrology, physical, dynamic, and stratigraphic geology; a special series of 125 specimens from typical localities of the New York formations; relief maps and models of interesting geologic regions of the United States and foreign countries; models illustrating dynamic and structural geology. PALEONTOLOGY. 150,000 specimens of all geologic ages from all parts of the world; 1024 casts of celebrated fossils, many of the orig- inals of which are in the royal museums of Europe; 100 different models and charts. ZOOLOGY. 137,000 specimens, including mounted specimens and skeletons of the various groups; human skeletons, anatomical models, charts, and diagrams for classroom work ; a general collection of 1 25,000 specimens of zoology representing over 5000 species and including corals, Crustacea, other invertebrates, birds, and mammals. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 215 ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of about 4 acres, established in 1902, containing 4 reptiles, 413 birds, and 108 mammals. SCHENECTADY: SGHENEGTADY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society was organized in 1905 and has established .a museum which contains at present about 150 articles of historical interest, be- sides 721 documents, manuscripts, maps, letters, etc. UNION COLLEGE. Natural History Museum. STAFF. Curator, James H. Stoller; Honorary curator of the Wheatley collection of minerals, Daniel S. Martin. ART. There are in the library building a number of original alabaster slabs from Nineveh, including 2 large winged figures. BOTANY. A herbarium of local ferns and flowering plants, including the J. B. Ellis collection of 2300 fungi; also a considerable number of foreign plants from Germany, Spain, Asia Minor, Switzer- land, France, England, Iceland, and Norway. GEOLOGY. The Wheatley collection of 3000 minerals on exhibi- tion and 1000 in storage; a considerable collection of rocks. The Wheat- ley collection, presented to the college in 1858, has recently been revised and supplemented by specimens presented by Dr. Martin and by Mr. Alfred H. Brooks. In addition to an excellent general collection it includes fine crystallized charcoal chalcocites from Bristol, Connecti- cut, an excellent series from the Perkiomen copper mine, and a col- lection of lead ores, calcites, and crystallized b&rites from the Wheat- ley lead mine at Phcenixville, Pennsylvania, probably unequaied in the world. ZOOLOGY. The Wheatley collection of 3000 shells, a large collec- tion of marine Annelida made by H. S. Webster, 311 mounted birds, and small collections in other groups. The museum occupies one floor of the library building, and is supported by a small annual appropriation from the college. SCHOHARIE: SCHOHARIE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society maintains a miscellaneous loan collection of 1386 specimens, and 3 special collections comprising (i) 326 minerals, crys- tals, gems, etc.: (2) 1060 implements of the stone age; (3) 57 North American bird eggs — owned and loaned by D. A. Hitchman of Scho- 2l6 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS harie. These collections are housed in the old stone fort, built in 1772 by the Reformed Protestant High Dutch as a house of worship, and granted to the free use of the society in the year of its organization, 1888. The museum is in charge of the curator, Henry Cady. SILVER BAY: PAINE PRIVATE MUSEUM. This museum comprises a very complete collection of the fauna, flora, geology, and history of the Lake George region. All birds and mammals are exhibited in natural surroundings with nests or burrows, and eggs or young. This department includes over 300 birds, a few fishes, and all the mammals which now inhabit the locality. In history there are about 2000 specimens of firearms, implements, etc. of the old French and Revolutionary wars, and about 1200 portraits of men and women who participated in the events of those times. There are also 4000-5000 prehistoric implements from local sites, and a library of about 600 volumes pertaining to the history of the Lake George and Lake Champlain region. This museum is the property of Mr. Silas H. Paine and is open free to the public on week-days from 8 to 6. SKANEATELES: SKANEATELES LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Barrow Art Gallery. A collection of 318 oil paintings, the work of the late John D. Barrow, was given to the association, with the building containing the collection, in 1905, and is administered by it for the benefit of the people of the town. The gallery is open free to the public daily from 9 to 9. The association possesses also natural history collections, includ- ing the ferns of Onondaga County, presented by Mrs. Joseph C. Willets, and local geological and paleontological material, collected and presented by the late Ezra B. Knapp, representing a value of about $2000. SOUTHAMPTON, LONG ISLAND: SOUTHAMPTON ART MUSEUM. This museum, though incorporated, is a private collection, which is open free to the public without restriction of any kind. It was established by the owner, Samuel L. Parrish, in 1897, with the intent of embodying and illustrating the spirit of the Italian renaissance and contains about 50 original paintings and 12 copies, together with about 100 reproductions in marble, terra cotta. and plaster of Greek and BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2iy renaissances culpture, and marble and terra cotta reproductions of furniture, etc. The museum building, erected 1896-7, with an addition by James C. Parrish in 1903, is surrounded by several acres of garden in which the trees, numbering about 175 varieties, are labeled with their botanical and common names. A library of about 100 volumes on art and travel is also accessible to the public and in the main hall of the museum building, which contains a pipe organ, free lectures on general educational subjects and musical entertainments are given from time to time. Mr. Parrish has published a historical, biographical, and descrip- tive catalog of the museum. SYRACUSE: ONONDAGA HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. (311 Montgomery Street.) This association maintains a collection of historical objects and antiques illustrative of American history, life, customs, and manners; portraits of famous Americans and prominent Onondagans; and specimens illustrating the flora of Onondaga County. These collec- tions occupy five floors of the society's building and were first exhibited to the public in 1863. About ten years later they were retired from public view and again opened to visitors in 1894. The library of the association contains 2500 volumes, chiefly Americana, and both library and museum are open free to the public. SYRACUSE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS. No reply has been received to repeated requests for information regarding this museum. SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY. The university maintains a museum, in charge of Charles W. Har- gitt, professor of zoology, Thomas C. Hopkins, professor of geology, and Wm. L. Bray, professor of botany; which is at present in process of transfer into new buildings not yet furnished for museum purposes. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 1000; Phanerogams, 5000. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 2000, in storage, 3000; Rocks, 1000 ; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 30; a collection of calcites said to be the finest in the United States outside of Albany. PALEONTOLOGY. A reference collection of 680 cataloged speci- mens chiefly invertebrates ; Ward casts of fossil vertebrates. 2l8 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ZOOLOGY. Shells, 8000; Other invertebrates, 500, including 25 types and figured specimens, chiefly coelenterates; Fishes, 200; Batrachians, 50; Reptiles, 50; Birds, 300; Mammals, 25. TROY: RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. The institute maintains a suitable teaching collection, including approximately 1500 fossils, 5000 minerals, 3000 rocks, 10,000 shells. a small number of other animals, a herbarium of 5000 plants, 300 specimens of woods, a small ethnological collection, and a series of relief models and maps. This material is in charge of John M. Clarke, professor of geology. UTICA: ONEIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society has a collection of articles of local historical interest in the Munson Williams Memorial building, the home of the society, where it also maintains a historical library. WATERLOO: WATERLOO LIBRARY AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. In addition to a general library of 8000 volumes this society has a collection including iioo± anthropological specimens; a few oil paint- ings ; coins of the United States and other nations ; 200 old or rare books ; a collection of rocks; and maps, documents, and other material of local historical interest. The society receives an annual income of $500 from endowment. $100 from the state, and $100 from member- ships and entertainments. WATERTOWN: JEFFERSON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society is said by Thwaites to maintain a museum of local history in a room in the Flower Memorial Library. WEST POINT: UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY. ANTHROPOLOGY. A few implements of the stone age, and a small collection of Indian pottery. ART. The library contains portraits of Jefferson, Monroe, and BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2IQ nine army officers by Thomas Sully; a bronze equestrian statue of Washington by R. S. Greenough; a bronze portrait bust of General Sherman by St. Gaudens; marble busts of Frederick the Great and von Moltke (the gifts of the German Emperor) and of Washington, Lafayette, and Napoleon; and plaster busts of the most famous military commanders of the world. A marble stele by St. ^Gaudens commemorates the artist Whistler and a marble door-way and tablet the poet, Edgar Allen Poe. A number of bronze and plaster medals are owned also. The library's collection of 80,000 volumes includes many important works on architecture and other arts. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 4500; Rocks, 644. There is also a collec- tion of several thousand specimens of minerals and rocks for labor- atory use. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 8500; Vertebrates (chiefly fishes), 150; Plants, 200. This collection includes 112 fossils from the Solenhofen limestone; 200 plant leaves from the Dakota cret- aceous; and a good general collection: ORDNANCE. This collection includes implements of present and past military service and is probably of more general interest than the other collections, which are maintained for teaching purposes. NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA. The university has teaching collections in lithology and economic geology, and has access to the collections of the state geological sur- vey. There are also small collections in other departments. CONCORD: SCOTIA SEMINARY. The seminary has a considerable collection of minerals. DAVIDSON: DAVIDSON COLLEGE. In addition to a general teaching collection the college possesses the Brumby collection comprising about 1200 minerals, 3500 fossils, and 2000 shells. It was acquired by the college about 1870. 220 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS DURHAM: TRINITY COLLEGE. The college maintains small teaching collections, including a good collection of bird skins, skeletons for use in the study of compara- tive anatomy, and local collections of shells and other invertebrates from Beaufort, N. C. and Woods Hole, Mass. . The collection is in charge of James J. Wolfe, professor of biology, but has no regular funds for .development. TRINITY COLLEGE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. No reply has been received to repeated requests for information concerning this society, which is said by Thwaites to maintain a collection of portraits and articles of local historical interest in the library of Trinity College. RALEIGH: NORTH CAROLINA STATE MUSEUM. STAFF. Curator, H. H. Brimley ; Assistant curator, T. W. Adickes; Director of hall of history, F. A. Olds; Usher, A. H. Lewis; i janitor, i night watchman, and i engineer. ANTHROPOLOGY. About 1000 objects relating to the native races of North Carolina. ART. i case of chinaware, illustrating the possibilities of North Carolina kaolin. BOTANY. 60 jars of native forest seeds; 322 specimens of native woods; 500 jars of native medicinal plants; and 5oo± forestry speci- mens in storage. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. A small collection of kalmia and rhododendron blocks illustrating the " briar" pipe industry; collec- tions illustrating the turpentine industry and the possibilities of ornamental native woods; a large collection of agricultural and horti- cultural specimens and photographs; building stones of North Carolina; a large series of photographs and transparencies illustrating many of the industries of the state. EDUCATION. An over-crowded exhibit occupying 300 square feet of floor space devoted to the public schools of North Carolina. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 2400, in storage, many hun- dred; Rocks, 600; Relief maps, i; Native ores and economic minerals, on exhibition, 3000, in storage, many hundred; Native building and ornamental stones, 128; Meteorites, a small collection; Diamond drill cores and artesian well borings. Special attention is given to the non- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 221 metallic economic minerals, including talc, corundum, kaolin, mica, monazite, semi-precious stones, and native gold. HISTORY. 7000 objects illustrating the history of North Carolina, including paintings, photographs, war relics, books, utensils, vehicles, manuscripts, letters, autographs, etc. This is said to be the largest state collection in the country. PALEONTOLOGY. Small collections of invertebrate and verte- brate fossils. ZOOLOGY. Insects, on exhibition, 7000; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 300, in storage, 2oo± ; Fishes, on exhibition, 131, in storage, 2oo±; Batrachians, on exhibition, 68, in storage, 2oo±; Reptiles, on exhibition, 150, in storage, 2oo±; Birds, on exhibition, 364, in storage, i5oo±; Mammals, on exhibition, 70, in storage, 3oo±. There are also collections of native furs; bird eggs; and skulls of birds, mammals, and reptiles. There are 31 small and 3 large groups of animals exhibi- ted in natural surroundings, including the opossum, snowy owl, double-crested cormorant, loon, bob-white, ducks, squirrels, anhinga, eagles, deer, mink, etc. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The nucleus of the present museum is the collection of minerals and fossils accumulated by the state geologist, whose office was established in 1850. Since 1879 the museum has been a division of the state department of agriculture. It at first occupied one small room over a store; from 1881 to 1894 it occupied two rooms covering about 3000 square feet of floor space in the present building; in 1895 two more rooms were added, bringing the floor space up to a total of less than 7000 square feet. Since 1895 the floor space has increased fourfold and the collections more than tenfold under the administration of the present curator. The hall of history was estab- lished in 1902 by the present director of that department. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By the state department of agriculture; additions and repairs to the building are charged against the general fund of the department; new cases and new material are frequently acquired indirectly through participation in various expositions. It is therefore impossible to give financial statistics of value for comparison with other institutions. BUILDING. The museum occupies 22,626 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 4200 for offices, workrooms, and storage in the agricultural building. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible directly to the com- missioner of agriculture on all matters except finances, which are passed upon by the board of agriculture. 222 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS SCOPE. Instruction of the general public and the maintenance of local collections are the chief purposes of th,e museum. The col- lections are almost exclusively confined to North Carolina material. An additional function of the museum is the preparation of exhibits representing North Carolina in various expositions. LIBRARY. A small reference library is maintained for the use of the staff. PUBLICATIONS. The only publications of the museum are semi- annual reports to the board of agriculture, and biennial reports included in the reports of the commissioner of agriculture to the legislature. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily except Sundays and Christmas from 9 to 5 in winter and 9 to 6 in summer. The attendance is estimated at 100,000 annually. TRYON: GREEN MUSEUM. This collection includes a herbarium of 4000 cryptogams and 200 phanerogams; 1314 minerals; 400 invertebrate and a few vertebrate and plant fossils; 55o± shells; and a number of corals, sponges, etc. It is now in the private residence of Professor H. A. Green, but has recently been given by him to the town of Tryon, in trust for the Tryon white schools. POLK COUNTY MUSEUM. This museum was gathered for the Tryon board of trade by a com- mittee of which H. A. Green was chairman. It is at present housed in the Laneer Library, which is open free to the public twice each week. The collection includes 71 minerals, ioo± specimens of native woods and leaves, and a collection of local Indian relics; everything in the museum is from Polk County. It is hoped soon to have a more suitable housing and to add other collections. WAKE FOREST: WAKE FOREST COLLEGE. A room in the biological laboratory, set apart as a college museum, contains teaching collections used in the science departments. There are also special collections in the departments of chemistry and med- icine. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 223 NORTH DAKOTA BISMARCK: STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The State Historical Society was organized in 1895, reorganized in 1903, and permanently established in the state capitol in 1906. It receives $4600 a year from the state for the maintenance of its museum and field work, in addition to the amount received from memberships at $2 a year. It maintains a museum in charge of H. C. Fish, curator, devoting special attention to local history and containing thousands of specimens of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Indians, with good exhibits of the Chippewas and Dakotas. There is also a library of 2000 volumes, including a special collection of books on the history of the Northwest, and complete files of state papers. Lectures are given about the state to citizens, and also in the mus- eum to school children; the total attendance is nearly 4500 a year. The society has published 2 volumes of its Collections. FARGO: AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. The college maintains teaching collections in charge of a committee of the faculty, consisting of J. H. Worst, J. H. Shepperd, C. I. Gunness, and W. B. Bell. The collections include 100 anthropological speci- mens; a herbarium of 1135 cryptogams and 7118 phanerogams, chiefly from the West and Northwest; 600 minerals, 300 rocks, and n relief maps, models, etc.; 100 invertebrate fossils; and a fair collection of northwestern vertebrates, chiefly Dakota forms. There are also mus- eum collections in connection with the agricultural and chemical de- partments. It is proposed to unite the now scattered collections in a new science hall when completed. UNIVERSITY: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA. Museum. The museum is reported by M. A. Brannon, professor of biology, as a general and promiscuous collection possessed of much valuable material but unclassified and without financial support. The collection is said by Merrill to include 1000 fossils, 2000 min- erals, 800 specimens of economic geology, 299 specimens in zoology, 4640 specimens in botany, and 650 ethnological specimens. 224 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS OHIO AKRON: ZOOLOGICAL PARK. This zoological park of 3 acres was established in 1903 and con- tains 2 reptiles, 28 birds, and 30 mammals. BEREA: BALDWIN UNIVERSITY. The president reports that a small museum is maintained by the university, but no further information has been received. The collec- tion is said by Merrill to comprise a few botanical specimens, 500 minerals and rocks, 300 fossils, and 300 zoological specimens, mostly invertebrates. CANTON: ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 3 acres, established in 1893, containing 5 reptiles, 120 birds, and 50 mammals. CINCINNATI: CINCINNATI MUSEUM ASSOCIATION. STAFF. Director, J. H. Gest; Curators, L. H. Meakin (paintings), C. J. Barnhorn (sculpture), Philip Hinkle (American archeology), F. W. Hinkle (arms and armor); Librarian, Elizabeth Kellogg; i cashier and stenographer, i superintendent of buildings and grounds, i cabinetmaker and carpenter, i painter, i printer, i binder, and 12 janitors, watchmen, etc. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples : Archeology, native, 30,000 ; Ethnology, native, 900, foreign, noo. Civilized peoples, Greek and Roman antiquities not separately enumerated. Life-size ethnological groups are not yet on exhibition but are contemplated. ART. Sculpture, 61 originals, 173 large and 964 small casts, and ivory carvings, covering the history of art from Egyptian and Greek to modern; Prints and engravings, 1000; Oil paintings, 503, and water colors, 200, especially rich in modern American work; Ceramics, 6000, including prehistoric American, Greek, modern European, and American (2000 pieces of Rookwood, etc.) ; Textiles, 1168, including special collections of European lace, and textiles from India; Drawings, 1500, including the C. F. Lessing collection: Metal work, 1908, covering the history of the art from Greek and Roman to modern; Arms and BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 22$ armor, 371, from primitive to medieval and modern; Musical instru- ments, 280; Casts from engraved gems, intaglios, cameos, etc., from classic to modern, 2100; Miscellaneous, including loans and unclassi- fied and uncataloged material. The total number of entries recorded on January i, 1909, was 74,397. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Cincinnati Museum Association was incorporated in 1881 for the purpose of maintaining a museum and of using its contents for public education by means of classes and other activities. The city granted the association a reservation of 19 acres in Eden Park, upon which to erect buildings, but has given no financial aid. The addition of a department of natural history is contemplated as soon as adequate funds are available. The association also maintains a school known as the Art Academy of Cincinnati, established in 1869 and attached to the museum in 1884. It provides instruction to 400 students in drawing, painting, modeling, .designing, and applied art. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Income from endowment, $35,061; mem- berships, $1500; admission fees, $2626; other sources, $7000. Of these funds $21,800 are applied to the museum; the remainder to the academy. BUILDING. The buildings were erected in 1886, 1887, and 1907, at a total cost of about $570,000, paid by the association, aided by private donations. The museum occupies 35,000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 16,000 for offices, workrooms, etc. The building also provides 28,000 square feet of floor space used by the academy. ADMINISTRATION. By the board of trustees through committees of which the director is the executive officer. SCOPE. In addition to the purposes reviewed above special loan exhibits of contemporary art are held at frequent intervals, and lec- tures and personal conferences are used to aid visitors in the study of the collections. LIBRARY. 3500 bound volumes, 5600 pamphlets and catalogs, and 6000 photographs, chiefly relating to art and archeology and intended for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Annual reports. (2) Catalog of the permanent collections of paintings. (3) Catalogs and lists of special exhibitions, about 20 issued annually. (4) Catalog of the Bookwalter collection. (5) Library book lists. (6) Occasional monographs. (7) Catalog of the Art Academy. ATTENDANCE. Free Saturdays, 10 cents admission Sundays, 25 cents other days. Artists, students, and classes with teachers always free. Attendance in 1909, 54,088. 226 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. Museum. (312 Broadway.) STAFF. Director, T. B. Collier; Curators, Walter H. Aiken (her- barium), A. C. Billups (conchology), William Osburn (entomology), H. Wuestner (mineralogy), Charles Andrew (photography) ;. Librarian and curator of paleontology, J. M. Nickles. ANTHROPOLOGY. A large case of prehistoric relics from Madison- ville, including 120 skulls, some pottery, many bones of animals, etc., and about 20 boxes of similar material in storage. BOTANY. A classified herbarium of over. 4000 species of phanero- gams and ferns; the C. G. Lloyd collection of about 10,000 native and European plants not yet arranged; a collection of cryptogams, parti- cularly fungi, which is now receiving special attention. GEOLOGY. The Paul Mohr collection of 2457 minerals and rocks; the Allen collection of 1200 minerals and rocks; and a number of other special collections, making a total of about 4000 specimens represent- ing 360 species and 210 varieties of minerals, with fair collections of rocks, especially marbles, volcanic rocks, and ores. PALEONTOLOGY. The Paul Mohr collection of 4390 species; the J. Ralston Skinner collection of paleozoic fossils, and a nearly com- plete series of the fossils of the Cincinnati region. Much material belonging to this department is in storage for lack of exhibition space. ZOOLOGY. A shell collection including. 1000 species of marine shells, an extensive collection of land and fresh-water univalve shells; and the E. D. Cope collection of 1500 species of fresh-water gastropods and bivalves. The collection of Naiades is said to be second only to that of the National Museum. A large collection of other inverte- brates is for the most part in storage. There is a large vertebrate series well representing the various orders; 2000 unmounted skins of birds and mammals; a collection of skeletons, mostly disarticulated; etc. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The society was organized in 1870 and occupied quarters in the Cincinnati College building on Walnut Street until 1877, when it removed to its present building. In 1871 the Wes- tern Academy of Natural Science transferred to the Society $351 in money, 265 books, and its collections. In 1872 Mr. Robert Buchanan donated in volumes from his library and 3 cases of fossils, shells, and minerals. In 1875 Mr. Charles Bodmann gave the society by his will $50,000. Of this sum $i 1,500 was spent in the purchase and repair of the property now occupied. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An annual income of $1700 from the Bod- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 227 maim endowment and about $600 from memberships. The publica- tions are supported by private contributions. ADMINISTRATON. By a director, responsible to an executive board which is elected annually by the society. SCOPE. Exploration, research, and public instruction through the maintenance of a museum and library. A winter course of free lectures on popular science is maintained. The museum devotes special atten- tion to local collections. LIBRARY. The library includes nearly 22,000 bound volumes and pamphlets and is intended for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS. 21 volumes of the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History have been issued since 1878. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 8 to 5. There is a registered attendance of about 2000 annually, including classes from the public schools. GUVIER CLUB. The Cuvier Club was organized in 1871 chiefly for the purpose of promoting the enforcement of game and fish laws, and restocking the streams with food fishes and the woods and fields with game. As an incident to this work it maintains a small collection of mounted fishes, birds, and mammals, and a small library of natural history. The collection is in charge of Charles Drury, custodian, and is open free to schools and the general public. HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO. (Burnet Woods Park.) In addition to a valuable historical library, this society has a small collection of Indian relics and a number of historical portraits, but does not endeavor to develop a formal museum. LLOYD LIBRARY AND MUSEUM. This institution is the outgrowth of the private libraries and col- lections of Curtis Gates Lloyd and John Uri Lloyd, the former sup- porting the botanical department, the latter the pharmaceutical. It is now incorporated as a free public institution for the benefit of science, and is housed in two four-story fireproof buildings. The first of these, erected in 1902, contains the herbarium and mycological collection, in charge of W. H. Aiken, curator. The general herbarium comprises about 30,000 specimens, while the mycological collection, second to none in the world, contains many thousand dried specimens, 228 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS particularly of the Gastromycetes, the study of fungi being for many years past the specialty of Mr. Curtis Gates Lloyd. The second building, erected in 1907-8, is devoted to the Lloyd library of botany, pharmacy, and materia medica, comprising approxi- mately 25,000 bound volumes and over 20,000 pamphlets, under the care of William Holden, librarian, and Edith Wycoff, assistant librarian. UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI. Museum. (Burnet Woods Park.) STAFF. Curator, - ; Assistants, J. Ernest Carman and Annette Francis Braun; i janitor. ANTHROPOLOGY. A large collection of Philippine pottery, knives, clothing, etc.; a collection of skulls and relics of mound builders. ART. Casts of sculpture, 25; Prints and engravings, 25. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 50; Phanerogams, 250. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 400, in storage, 400; Rocks, in storage, 800; Relief maps, models, etc., 12. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 600, in storage, 600; Plants, in storage, 50. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 2000, in storage, 5000; Insects, on exhibition, 2 500, in storage, 2000; Other in vertebrates, on exhibition, 100, in storage, 1000; Fishes, on exhibition, 50, in storage, 300; Batra- chians, on exhibition, 5, in storage, 20; Reptiles, on exhibition, 10, in storage, 50; Birds, on exhibition, 750, in storage, 600; Mammals, on exhibition, 175, in storage, 100. There are 6 small and 7 large groups of animals exhibited in natural surroundings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was established in Cunning- ham Hall in 1900 and moved to larger quarters in McMicken Hall in 1907. At this time a taxidermist was employed as curator to rearrange and relabel the collections and to prepare groups in natural surround- ings. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Irregular appropriations from the uni- versity. BUILDING. The museum occupies 3000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 2500 for offices, workrooms, etc. in McMicken Hall. SCOPE. College teaching and public instruction. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily except Sunday from 8.30 to 5. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. This zoological park of 63 acres was established in 1875 and con- tains 125 reptiles, 1200 birds, and 5 20 mamma Is. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 22Q CLEVELAND: CASE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCE. Museum. STAFF. Curator, F. M. Comstock. BOTANY. 6000 herbarium sheets, including 2724+ species of the flora of Ohio; and 228 specimens of woods. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 2842, in storage, a large collection; Rocks, 1714; Dynamic geology, etc., 2181; Economic geology, 1 200. PALEONTOLOGY. 800 + invertebrate, vertebrate, and plant fossils. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 743; Other invertebrates, 672; Fishes, 228; Batrachians and reptiles, 236; Birds, 1509 (mounted specimens, skins, nests and eggs); Mammals, 131. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. $ioo-$30o annually from the funds of the school. LIBRARY. 1549 bound volumes and 7196 pamphlets on natural science, intended for the use of the staff and students. CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF ART. A number of bequests amounting to about $2,000,000 have been made for the establishment of art galleries in Cleveland. These be- quests are under the care of independent trustees and are, for various reasons, not yet fully available for the establishment of a museum. It is expected, however, that an effective organization will soon be achieved and that a building will be erected at a cost of about $i ,000,000. A small collection of paintings and objects of art now stored at the Cleveland School of Art is available as a nucleus of the museum. It is probable that a school of fine arts will ultimately be maintained in connection with the museum. The secretary and treasurer is Hermon A. Kelley, 702 Western Reserve Building. WESTERN RESERVE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (Euclid Avenue and 107th Street.) STAFF. Curator, Albion M. Dyer. ANTHROPOLOGY. Relics, implements, and weapons of the abor- igines and early settlers of the Western Reserve; civil war relics; i Egyptian mummy; 25 human skulls, many from the vicinity of Cleveland; pottery of the mound builders and the prehistoric peoples of Colorado and Peru; and a collection of Chinese wearing apparel. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. United States geological survey relief maps and models, and extensive collections which are not yet sorted nor cataloged. 230 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS HISTORY. An extensive and complete collection of historical maps and atlases covering the entire range of history from the i6th century to the present day; civil war relics; a statue of Oliver Hazard Perry; prints and engravings of Western Reserve, early Cleveland, and vicinity ; many oil portraits of local interest ; and a collection of garments worn in the United States from colonial times through the civil war. NUMISMATICS. A good collection, also a collection of Confederate and other paper money. ZOOLOGY. A few shells and butterflies. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum is the result of gifts to the Western Reserve Historical Society, which originated in 1867. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. At present there are no special funds for maintenance, but it is expected that an endowment fund will soon be provided for the society, after which the museum will be cataloged and described. BUILDING. The museum occupies a portion of the building owned and used by the society. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to a board of trustees. SCOPE. The museum is not limited in number of departments nor in territory represented. A special effort, however, is made to assem- ble local collections, and to interest the pupils of the private and public schools, who frequently visit the museum with their teachers. LIBRARY. A library of 30,000 volumes and as many pamphlets is maintained by the society. Collections of books, maps, prints, etc., are exhibited from time to time in the museum. The collection of books on Arctic exploration, of 200 separate titles, is one of the finest in the United States. PUBLICATIONS. The Western Reserve Historical Society Tracts contain many numbers of anthropological, geographical, and geological interest. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily, except Sundays and holidays, from 9 to 5. WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY. The university maintains a small geological and zoological collec- tion in charge of F. H.Herrick, professor of biology, and H. P. Gushing, professor of geology. The collections comprise about 6000 specimens in paleontology, including the S. G. Williams collection of 2500 fossils, chiefly of the New York paleozoic; about 2500 minerals; 1200 rocks; looo botanical specimens representing the flora of Ohio fairly com- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 231 pletely, with considerable foreign material; and about 10,000 zoological specimens, including good representations of the fresh-water shells and the birds of the state. Much of this material is derived from the pri- vate collections of the late Dr. J. P. Kirtland, H. K. Winslow, and the collections of the Kirtland Society of Natural History. A skeleton of the lobster is the largest in existence with the exception of one or two in the American Museum in New York. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 20 acres, established in 1893, containing 48 reptiles, 112 birds, and 102 mammals. COLUMBUS: OHIO STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Museum. (Page Hall, Ohio State University.) STAFF. Curator and librarian, William C. Mills; Museum assis- tant, A. Brown; 2 janitors. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology of Ohio, 100,- ooo ; Ethnology of Ohio, 2000. Civilized peoples, modern, 700. The museum consists for the most part of explorations in Ohio under the supervision of the curator and includes representative collections from each county. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Ohio State Archaeological and His- torical Society was incorporated in 1885, as a revival of the Archaeo- logical Society formed in 1875, and has maintained a museum from its beginning. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The society receives approximately the following amounts each year: life memberships, $395; active member- ships, $102; income from endowment, $244; state appropriation for current expenses, $2377, for publication, $3200, for field work, $1247. BUILDING. The museum occupies 7760 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 1800 for offices and storage, in Page Hall, erected in 1901 by Ohio State University at a cost of $90.000. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to a committee of the society. SCOPE. Exploration and research by the staff, college teaching, and public school work. LIBRARY. 4000 bound volumes and 3500 pamphlets on history and archeology, intended for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Annual publication, 18 volumes issued. (2) Miscellaneous publications, 6 volumes issued. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days, from 8.30 to 5. 232 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY. The university maintains teaching collections in connection with its several departments, as follows: BOTANY. A general herbarium of 30,000 sheets ; a state herbarium of 20,000 sheets of spermatophytes and pteridophytes and 10,000 bryophytes and thalophytes; the Kellerman herbarium of parasitic fungi; and about 3000 museum specimens illustrating native trees, medicinal plants, economic products, etc. GEOLOGY. A small collection of minerals and rocks, and about 2000 specimens illustrating the economic geology of Ohio. The mater- ial collected by the state geological survey is required by law to be deposited with the university. PALEONTOLOGY. A general series of 9000 fossils in which local formations are well represented. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 3500; Insects, 40,000; Other invertebrates, 96; Fishes, 289; Batrachians, 45; Reptiles, ico; Birds, 250 mounted speci- mens and 2500 skins; Mammals, 25 mounted specimens, 50 alcoholic specimens, and 300 skeletons, skulls, and anatomical preparations. The Ohio fauna is well represented in the collection. DELAWARE: OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY. The college maintains museum collections, in charge of Lewis G. Westgate, curator, as follows: ANTHROPOLOGY. The William Walker cabinet of American archeology, recently enlarged and rearranged in eight new cases. GEOLOGY. The Merrick-Trimble collection of minerals; a series of rocks; and specimens illustrating structural and dynamic geology. PALEONTOLOGY. The William Wood cabinet of casts, containing an almost complete series of Ward's casts; the Mann cabinet of fossils; a very full series of Ohio fossils; and a very fine series of devonian fishes, largely collected and presented by Rev. William Kepler. ZOOLOGY. The Prescott cabinet of shells; a collection of corals given by the class of 1881; a collection of marine specimens of the Atlantic coast, collected by Edward T. Nelson, for many years curator of the museum; the Webber-Merrill cabinet of Palestinian specimens, very rich in birds; a collection of native birds, already including over half the species known to Ohio; mounted and unmounted skeletons; and series of anatomical and embryo! ogical models. BUILDINGS. The geological collections are in Sturges Hall, while the remainder are on the third floor of Merrick Hall. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 233 FREMONT: SANDUSKY COUNTY PIONEER AND HISTORICAL ASSOCIA- TION. This association maintains a collection of articles of historical interest, in a room in the Birchard Library. GREENVILLE: CARNEGIE LIBRARY. Museum Department. STAFF. Honorary curator, Charles L. Katzenberger; Curators, George A. Katzenberger, Frazer E. Wilson, and A. C. Robeson; i guide, and i janitor. ANTHROPOLOGY. One case of selected Indian implements, and ethnological collections from the Philippines, Japan, Mexico, North American Indians of to-day, etc. ART. A small collection of material chiefly related to either the anthropological or the historical collections. BOTANY. A small collection of dried woods, etc. EDUCATION. Selected specimens of drawing and basketry from the graded schools and handicraft from the kindergarten are exhibited annually. GEOLOGY. Small collections of minerals and rocks. HISTORY. Old deeds, manuscripts, books, paintings, household utensils, relics of Indian wars of 1791-5 and of the civil war, and other material illustrating local history. PALEONTOLOGY. An almost complete unmounted skeleton of Mastodon giganteus. ZOOLOGY. A small collection. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was established in 1901 under the direction of the public school board. The nucleus of the museum is the Anthony and Charles L. Katzenberger collection; other material has been added by purchase or loaned indefinitely to the museum. The Greenville Historical Society has been instrumental in securing much of the historical and anthropological material. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Special appropriations from the school board. BUILDING. The museum occupies 5000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 300 for offices, etc. in the basement of the Carnegie Library, erected in 1901. ADMINISTRATION. By a board of curators, responsible to the pub- n'c school board. 234 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS SCOPE. Public instruction, local collections, and public school work are the aims of the museum. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5. HIRAM: HIRAM COLLEGE. The college has a small teaching collection under the care of George H. Colton, curator, occupying two rooms in the 'main college building. The collection includes about 3000 Indian relics and other archeological specimens, a small herbarium, 200 minerals and 500 rocks, 150 invertebrate fossils, 200 shells, 30 birds, and 5 mammals. The museum has no regular income. NORWALJC: FIRELANDS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The president reports that the society maintains a museum, but no further information has been received. OBERLIN: OBERLIN COLLEGE. The college maintains teaching collections in connection with its scientific departments and under the care of the following: F. O. Grover (botany); E. B. Branson (geology); F. F. Jewett (mineralogy) ; Lynds Jones (zoology). BOTANY. Cryptogams (except ferns), 43,548; Phanerogams and ferns, 90,930. There is also a general collection of fruits, seeds, and woods. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 1000, in storage, but accessible for study, 4000; Rocks, on exhibition, 600, in storage, 5000; Relief maps, models, etc., 5. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 1000, in storage, 10,000, types and figured specimens, 200; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 100, in storage, 700, types and figured specimens, 23 ; Plants, on ex- hibition, 200, in storage, 1000. A restoration of Dinichthys terrelli is on exhibition. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 2000, in storage, 10,000; Insects, on exhibition, 5000, in storage, 500; Other invertebrates, on exhibi- tion, 3000, in storage, 4000; Fishes, on exhibition, 500, in storage, 1000; Batrachians, on exhibition, 200, in storage, 100; Reptiles, on exhibition, 100, in storage, 100; Birds, on exhibition, 557, in storage, BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 235 1600; Mammals, on exhibition, 100, in storage, 200. The figures given are approximate. HISTORICAL SKETCH. These collections were maintained as a unit until 1891, when a separate department of botany was created. In 1905 a separate department of geology was formed. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The college expends about $575 *a year on the collections. OBERLIN COLLEGE. Olney Art Collection. This collection includes 250 oil paintings; 8 water colors; valuable ivory carvings from Japan, China, and Europe; an excellent collec- tion of Satsuma; teakwood cabinets; wood carving; cloisonne; bronze; jade; lacquers; and semi-precious stones. The collection is administered by a committee of the faculty, C. B. Martin, chairman, and is under the immediate care of Mrs. A. A. Wright, custodian, with the assistance of a student janitor. SCIO: SCIO COLLEGE. No reply has been received to repeated requests for information regarding the college collections, which are said by Merrill to comprise a small anthropological collection, 800 specimens of American plants and woods, 2000 minerals, 500 other geological specimens, and 150 zoological specimens. SPRINGFIELD: CLARK COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society maintains a museum occupying about 3200 square feet of floor space, and containing archeological exhibits; a collection of books and manuscripts pertaining to the early history of Clark County, stage roads, stage-houses (taverns), mills and factories; a collection of oil paintings, engravings, and other pictures of old landmarks of the city and county, including mills, taverns, and covered bridges on the old national road; a collection of mill stones and mile stones; bound volumes of Springfield newspapers dating from 1829; war relics and implements of pioneer days; rare coins and paper money; minerals and rocks; a herbarium; and 250 varieties of bird eggs. The collection is in charge of W. Mayne Harris, secretary and cur- ator, and is open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 4. 236 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS TIFFIN: HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY. The university maintains a museum in charge of M. E. Kleckner, curator and professor of biology. The collections occupy about 2500 square feet of floor space and include a small series of relics of Ameri- can Indians. and mound builders; about 200 minerals, including un- usual calcites, a good representation of celestites and sphalerites, and a full series of local minerals; a fairly full series of local devonian and Niagara fossils; and a zoological collection. TOLEDO: TOLEDO MUSEUM OF ART. STAFF. Director, George W. Stevens; Librarian, Grace E. Worts; i superintendent of building and 5 minor employees. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, 500, foreign, 680. ART. Sculpture and casts, 56; Oil paintings, 78; Prints and en- gravings, 1200; Ceramics, 150. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Toledo Museum of Art was organized in 1903, and is supported by an association of 700 members, including annual members paying $10 a year and sustaining members paying $50 a year. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Income from memberships, $9000 a year. Application for a city appropriation will be made upon completion of the new building. BUILDING. As a result of a gift of $150,000 from Mr. E. D. Lib- bey, and other amounts secured by subscription, a building is being erected to cost about $400,000. It is of white marble with a frontage of 250 feet and a depth of 150 feet. SCOPE. In addition to its permanent exhibitions the museum main- tains about 9 transient exhibits each year, conducts free lectures on art, and cooperates with the public schools in giving daily lectures to the pupils. LIBRARY. A reference library of 2000 volumes on art, intended for use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Annual reports. (2) Museum News, issued quarterly. ATTENDANCE. 56,000 in 1909. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 35 acres, established in 1900, containing 30 reptiles, no birds, and 160 mammals. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 237 YELLOW SPRINGS: ANTIOGH COLLEGE. The president reports that the college maintains a museum, but no reply has been received to repeated requests for further information. The collections are said by Merrill to comprise 20 anthropological specimens, a herbarium of 600 local plants, 500 minerals, 10,000 fos- sils, and a zoological collection, including 3000 unnamed shells, 500 insects unarranged, a small synoptic series of invertebrates, a few poorly mounted skeletons and 2 mounted mammals. OKLAHOMA BACONE: BAGONE COLLEGE. The college has a small collection of Indian curiosities and biologi- cal and geological specimens, occupying about 225 square feet of floor space in a room of the library building, and used primarily for teach- ing purposes. OKLAHOMA CITY: OKLAHOMA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society was organized in 1893 and was made a state institu- tion in 1895. It maintains a museum and library in charge of W. P. Campbell, custodian. The museum includes an extensive collection of miscellaneous articles of local historical interest, together with Indian relics and natural history specimens. The library contains books, documents, and photographs relating to Oklahoma and its history, and a collection of rare prints and publications. The society occupies about 1800 square feet of exhibition space in a fireproof building. It receives a state appropriation of $2000 per annum in addition to its membership fees. It publishes a series of annual reports and a quarterly journal. The collections are open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 6. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 10 acres, established in 1905, containing 50 birds and no mammals. 238 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS OREGON CORVALLIS: OREGON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. The college maintains a museum, in charge of A. B. Cordley, dean and professor of zoology, comprising a herbarium of 10,000 phanero- gams and vascular cryptogams, 1500 fungi, and about 15,000 unclassi- fied specimens; 1000 minerals; 75,000 Oregon insects; and a zoological collection, including a valuable collection of Oregon birds, a synoptic collection of marine invertebrates, and a small number of Oregon mam- mals. EUGENE: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON. The geological department maintains a museum in charge of F. L. Barker, professor of geology. The most important collection is the Condon collection of vertebrate fossils from the John Day beds and other deposits of Eastern Oregon. This material is cataloged and pre- pared for exhibition. There are also about 3000 minerals and 1000 rocks, including a collection of Oregon building and ornamental stones, ores of the Pacific coast, etc. There is a botanical collection of about 1000 specimens, and a col- lection of Oregon woods. .In ethnology there is a collection of 325 specimens from Oregon Indian tribes. PORTLAND: OREGON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. The academy has been promised extensive collections when suit- able fireproof exhibition space is obtained. OREGON HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society was organized in 1898, and occupies 7 rooms in the city hall, where it maintains a museum comprising 1702 specimens pertaining to the Indian life and early settlers of Oregon; and 4300 photographs and pictures, including portraits of pioneers, scenic views, and photographs of Indians. The society also maintains an extensive historical library and publishes a quarterly. The museum and library are in charge of George H. Himes, assistant secretary and curator, and an assistant curator. The financial support of the society consists of a state appropriation of $2500 a year, supplemen- ted by membership fees. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 239 PORTLAND ART ASSOCIATION. Museum of Art. STAFF. Curator, Annie Bell Crocker. ART. A large collection of casts, and about 15,000 Braun carbon photographs, reproducing the paintings and drawings of the more important galleries of Europe. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum originated in the gift of a large collection of casts by the late Henry W. Corbett, about the year 1896. Later, the collection of carbon photographs and the nucleus of an art library were given by the William S. Ladd estate. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. There is a small return yearly from mem- bership fees and admissions, but aside from this the support of the museum comes through the generosity of a few private citizens. BUILDING. A two-story fireproof building affording about 10,000 square feet of floor space was erected in 1905, at a cost of $30,000, through the generosity of Mrs. W. S. Ladd. The site was bequeathed by the late H. W. Corbett. ADMINISTRATION. By the trustees of the Portland Art Association. SCOPE. The association offers the use of museum and library to the public, to art classes, and to the schools of the city, and also undertakes special exhibits from time to time of loan and traveling collections. LIBRARY. About 265 volumes relating to the fine arts, and avail- able for use by the public. ATTENDANCE. Open to the public on week-days from 9 to 5. Admission is free on Thursday and Saturday afternoons; on other days an admission of 1 5 cents is charged. The attendance for the year ending November 31, 1908, was about 13,000. PORTLAND FREE MUSEUM. STAFF. Curator, Chas. F. Wiegand. ANTHROPOLOGY. About 600 specimens, chiefly from this country. ART. Several thousand prints, photographs and engravings, framed pictures, and drawings, of which one-half is in storage for lack of exhibition space. GEOLOGY. About 5000 minerals and 100 rocks on exhibition, and about 3 tons of unclassified material in storage. PALEONTOLOGY. 500 invertebrates, 100 vertebrates, and 100 plants, on exhibition, with about the same number, as yet unclassified, in storage. ZOOLOGY. 10,000 shells, 1000 insects, 50 fishes, 15,000 birds, and 150 mammals, including 4 groups exhibited in natural surroundings. There are over 2000 specimens in storage, as yet unclassified. 240 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum had its origin in the collec- tion of shells purchased by the city in 1896 from a collector, Mr. C. Ross, and installed in the city hall. Since that time a large amount of miscellaneous material has accumulated by donation and loan, but much of it is neither classified nor labeled, and a considerable amount is still in storage. A movement is now in progress for the proper clas- sification and arrangement of the collections. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The city council appropriates $1000 a year for maintenance of the museum. BUILDING. The collections occupy about 30,000 square feet of floor space in the halls and corridors of the city hall. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, appointed by the mayor of the city and responsible to city council. LIBRARY. About 10,000 volumes, pamphlets, reports, catalogs, etc., pertaining to every branch of natural history, but not yet ar- ranged. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5 and on Sundays from 2 to 5. The average daily attendance is about 250. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 5 acres, established about 1885, containing 8 reptiles, 148 birds, and 286 mammals. PENNSYLVANIA ALLENTOWN: LEHIGH COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society maintains a museum occupying about 200 square feet of exhibition space devoted to the history of Lehigh County and the state of Pennsylvania. Special attention is given to the history of the Pennsylvania Germans. MUHLENBERG COLLEGE. The college has teaching collections in connection with the depart- ments of chemistry and biology, comprising a herbarium of 3000 speci- mens, chiefly from Lehigh County ; a synoptic collection of about 1000 specimens of invertebrates; a systematic collection of insects, number- ing about 3000 specimens; a series of local vertebrates, including the common species of fish, reptiles, amphibia, birds, and some mammals; a general series of 500 minerals; 400 rock specimens illustrating the formations of Pennsylvania, etc. ; and about 600 fossils. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 241 BRADFORD: McKEAN COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (Public Library Building.) This society occupies a part of the public library building, in which it has 4 or 5 cases of historical relics, and portraits of persons promi- nent in Pennsylvania history. The society has been tendered an im- portant museum of relics collected chiefly in foreign countries by Hon. Lewis Emery Jr., and is awaiting a conveyance from the city of a building suitable for its reception. At present the society has no or- ganized staff and the days appointed for the opening of its rooms to the public have not been strictly adhered to. It is probable that the organization of the museum will soon be placed on a better basis. BRYNMAWR: BRYN MAWR COLLEGE. The college maintains teaching collections in connection with the departments of natural science. The most extensive are those in geology and paleontology; the former is in charge of Florence Bascom, professor of geology, the latter in charge of C. A. Reeds. The geologi- cal collection includes 15,000-20,000 minerals, 10,000 rock speci- mens, and 50 specimens of dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc. Most of this material is in the Theodore D. Rand collection, which is rich in minerals of the neighborhood of Philadelphia. A large collection of rock specimens and slides owned by the United States geological survey and illustrating the crystalline formation of eastern Pennsylvania, also Miss Bascom's private collection of speci- mens and slides illustrating foreign and American geology are access- ible to students. The paleontological collections include 15,000 inver- tebrates on exhibition and 2500 in storage, 50 vertebrates, and 100 plants. DOYLESTOWN: BUCKS COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society maintains the following collections under the care of Warren S. Ely, librarian and curator: an Indian collection of 5000 specimens; about 200 prints, engravings, and oil paintings, chiefly portraits of historical interest; a herbarium of 3000 mounted specimens of local flora; small collections in geology; and about 500 bird eggs. The main portion of the museum is devoted to history and is clas- sified as follows : A borigines — large collection ; Building of the log cabin — curious and obsolete builders' and artisans' tools; Light and fire- 242 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS making — ancient lamps, lanterns, and primitive cooking and heating appliances ; Domestic industries — spinning wheels, flax-brakes, hetchets, cards, reels, swingles, rope twisters, samples of flax (raw and partially prepared for weaving), home-made baskets, beehives, etc.; Man and fiwJwfl/s— traps, guns of all descriptions, horse gear, curious imple- ments of peace and war, apparel, etc. ; Agriculture — ancient agricultural implements of all kinds ; Domestic fabrics — home made linen and wool fabrics; Local pottery; War relics, and miscellaneous local historical material. These collections are fully cataloged and include 2100 entries, some of which stand for groups of objects. The museum collections began in a small way soon after the organi- zation of the society in 1880, but are principally the result of collec- tions made by Henry C. Mercer during the past twenty years. The society receives annually $100 from endowment, $200 from the county, and about $200 from subscriptions and memberships. The building was erected in 1902 at a cost of $25,000 paid for by donations, lega- cies, and subscription. A library of 2500 bound volumes and several thousand pamphlets, many manuscripts, deeds, etc., and files of local newspapers from 1804. The society has published descriptive cata- logs of various collections in its museum and 3 volumes of papers read at its meetings. The museum and library are open free to the public daily from 8 to 5, and are visited by several thousand persons annually. E ASTON: LAFAYETTE COLLEGE. The scientific departments maintain teaching collections, includ- ing a large herbarium of the Pennsylvania flora and a general collec- tion of plants; a systematic series of 3000 minerals; 1000 crystals; 500 rock specimens with corresponding sections for petrographic study; 2000 specimens, chiefly ore samples, illustrating economic geology; a synoptic zoological collection; and 1000 histological slides. ERIE: ERIE PUBLIC MUSEUM. STAFF. Curator, Thomas L. Austin. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, 783, foreign, 9; Ethnology, native, 75, foreign, 56. Civilized peoples, modern, 8oo±. ART. Prints and engravings, 17; Oil paintings, 3; Ceramics, 40. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 243 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. 509 models of machinery, vehicles, and manufactured products. HISTORY. One room devoted to the history of Erie County; 360 battle flags of the revolution, the war of 1812, the civil war, and the Spanish- American war; 155 specimens from historic places in various foreign countries. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 1149, in storage, 2oo±; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 142; Plants, on exhibition, 248, in storage, 3500^. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 3550, in storage, 25o±; Insects, 1274; Other invertebrates, 175; Fishes, 108; Batrachians, 8; Reptiles, 70; Birds, 388; Mammals, 16. Not included in the above are 122 corals; 57 bird nests; 257 bird eggs; and no skulls, horns in pairs, teeth, tusks, etc. OTHER COLLECTIONS. Arms, 312; Coins, 2000; Medals, 614; Paper money, 400. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum began in 1897 with a miscel- laneous collection of geological specimens and has grown to its present proportions entirely by gifts or loans, the cases having been furnished by the board of education through the library trustees. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The sole income of the museum is a vari- able appropriation made by the board of education through the library trustees. The curator draws salary as an assistant librarian, while supplies are paid for from the contingent fund. BUILDING. The museum occupies 4500 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 500 for offices, etc. in the basement of the library building, erected in 1897. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the librarian and trustees of the public library. SCOPE. Instruction of the general public, maintenance of local collections, research by the staff, and public school work are the aims of the museum. LIBRARY. 50 scientific books for the use of the staff, in addition to access to the public library. PUBLICATIONS. The report of the curator is printed in the bien- nial report of the library trustees and officers. ATTENDANCE. The museum is open free to the public on week- days from 10 to 12, 1.30 to 5.30, and 7 to 9; on Sundays and holidays from 2 to 5. The total attendance for the year 1908-9 is 41,485. 244 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS FRANKFORD: HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF FRANKFORD. The society has a small historical collection but has not yet organ- ized a museum. GERMANTOWN: SITE AND RELIC SOCIETY OF GERMANTOWN. (Vernon Park.) This society maintains a museum devoted exclusively to German- town relics ; and a reference library of Germantown imprints and au- thors, and of all books of local interest. GETTYSBURG: PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE. The college maintains teaching collections in charge of E. S. Breidenbaugh, curator, comprising 6000 minerals and 3000 rocks; and 6000 botanical specimens, including a general herbarium of the flora of the eastern United States. HARRISBURG: HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY. At the time of going to press the society is in process of removal to a new building, making it impossible to secure detailed information concerning its collections. The museum is estimated to contain about 10,000 articles, including old-time utensils and implements, a large series of paper money, coins, badges, personal effects, rare and curious papers, documents and prints, portraits, pictures, photographs, deeds, business papers, accounts, etc., chiefly relating to Dauphin County. There is also a large collection of Indian relics. PENNSYLVANIA STATE MUSEUM. STAFF. Director, Thomas Lynch Montgomery; Deputy director, Norman D. Gray; Curators, Boyd P. Rothrock (zoology), Alicia M. Zierden (education); Custodians, Luther R. Kelker (history); Assistants, W. J. Durborow (zoology), Charles Revie (education); i stenographer, i watchman, and 4 cleaners. EDUCATION. Exhibits illustrating elementary, secondary, higher, and special education, and school books and magazines; also exhibits of social economy, including public charities, penal institutions, civic associations, department of health, social systems in factory and shops, industrial statistics, and state banking. GEOLOGY. Rocks, on exhibition, 300, in storage, 4 boxes; Relief maps, models, etc., 3. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 245 HISTORY. Objects illustrating the life of the early inhabitants of the state — manuscripts, books, implements, furniture, utensils, etc. ZOOLOGY. The collections in this department are confined to Pennsylvania, and represent the field work of the curator and one assistant. They include 24 cases of Pennsylvania insects, about 1000 birds, and 200 mammals, mounted or unmounted. Collections of fishes, batrachians, and reptiles are now in progress. There are 25 small groups exhibited in natural surroundings and several larger groups in preparation. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. A state appropriation of $10,000 a year. BUILDING. The museum occupies the second floor of the build- ing of the State Library. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to the trustees of the State Library. SCOPE. Local collections, public instruction, and school work. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public from Q to 4. HAVERFORD: HAVERFORD COLLEGE. Museum. The museum is in charge of Henry S. Pratt, professor of biology, and is now in storage awaiting the erection of a museum building. No money is being spent on the museum at present. It includes a good collection of American phanerogams, ferns, and mosses, with some European species; a collection of minerals and rocks of Pennsyl- vania; and 4000 European beetles, 1075 native and foreign birds, 422 varieties of bird eggs, and small collections in other branches of zoology. The purpose of the museum is college teaching. LEBANON: LEBANON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society has a small miscellaneous collection of local curios and relics, and a historical library. The contents of both library and museum are estimated as about 4800. The society has the use of the grand jury room in the county court house for its meetings and col- lections. The secretary is Dr. S. P. Heilman, Heilman Dale, Pa. MEADVILLE: ALLEGHENY COLLEGE. Museum. STAFF. Curator, Robert S. Breed, who is also professor of biol- ogy; Assistant curator, Charles E. Decker, who is also instructor in geology. 246 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ART. A few well chosen casts of Greek sculpture, lantern slides, and photographs. BOTANY. Cryptogamic herbaria, 200± ; Phanerogamic herbaria, 5oo± ; Plants in fluid, 5oo± . GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 4000, in storage, 2000; Rocks, on exhibition, 200, in storage, 100; Relief maps and models, 3. The mineral collections are considered among the most important in the museum, and include the Alger, Prescott, and Haldeman collections. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 500, in storage, 500, types and figured specimens, 2; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 50; Plants, on exhibition, 50, in storage, 2oo±. The collection includes a set of Ward casts mounted, and a collection of local fossils soon to be exhibited. It is expected that this material will be found to include some new species. This department is developing both local and sys- tematic collections. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 6000; Insects, 50; Other invertebrates, 675; Fishes, 25; Batrachians, 15; Reptiles, 15; Birds, 200; Mammals, 20. Other collections include a set of embryological models and mounts to show protective coloration. All of this material is on exhibition except about 3000 shells. Both fresh and salt-water aquaria are maintained. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was established about 1820 by Rev. Timothy Alden, first president of the college. It was largely increased by a gift of about $30,000 from Hon. C. V. Culver in 1865. At that time the main collections of minerals, fossils, and shells, were purchased and housed in Ruter Hall, one of the college buildings in which they still are. Many other specimens have been added since this time through gift and purchase. The present curator has been developing the departments of paleontology, zoology, and botany, chiefly through collections made by himself with the assistance of his students. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum is dependent for financial support upon gifts and irregular appropriations made by Allegheny College, seldom amounting to more than $100 annually. BUILDING. Erected in 1855 at a cost of $10,000. Number of square feet of floor space available for exhibition, 4000; for offices, workrooms, etc., 200. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the trustees of Allegheny College. SCOPE. The museum is intended primarily for college teaching, and secondarily for the accumulation of local collections and instruc- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 247 tion of the general public. Occasional notices are published in local papers. LIBRARY. There is no special museum library, but the Allegheny College library contains about 1500 works on geology, botany, and zoology. ATTENDANCE. The museum is open two hours a week and the attendance is estimated at 500 a year. MYERSTOWN: ALBRIGHT COLLEGE. The college maintains the following teaching collections in charge of Harvey Bassler, professor of biology and geology. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 200; Phanerogams, 800. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 1200; Rocks, 200, including much material from the neighboring Cornwall Ore Hills. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 900; Plants, 100. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 300; Insects, 100; Other invertebrates, 200; Fishes, 20; Batrachians, 15; Reptiles, 20; Birds, 30; Mammals, 20. These collections originated about 1880 in Union Seminary of New Berlin, Pa., which in 1887 became Central Pennsylvania College and which in 1902 was consolidated with Albright College. The collec- tions occupy 400 square feet of floor space in, the department of biol- ogy and geology. NEW BRIGHTON: MERRIGK FREE ART GALLERY, MUSEUM, AND LIBRARY. STAFF. Owner and administrator, E. D. Merrick; In charge of lepidoptera, Frank A. Merrick. ART. Sculpture, 4; Prints and engravings, 5ooo±; Oil paintings, 600, of which 300 are the work of E. D. Merrick and 300 the work of other artists of Europe and the United States. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 2500; Rocks, 100. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 100; Insects, 5o,ooo±; Birds, iooo±; Bird eggs, I5oo±. The insect collection consists chiefly of moths, butter- flies, and beetles. There are also 12 small cases of birds and small mammals mounted in natural surroundings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The institution is the outgrowth of a youth- ful enthusiasm. The owner, upon retiring from business about twenty- five years ago, indulged the love of painting which had been an ambi- tion of his youth, and arranged the art galleries to exhibit his own work, together with that of other artists acquired by purchase. The geo- 248 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS logical and zoological collections and the library are more recent addi- tions, and are not yet fully developed. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum is supported entirely by the owner, who has provided for its permanent maintenance a fund yield- ing an annual income of $12,000, and has also made it his residuary legatee. BUILDING. Three buildings have been erected, in 1867, 1888, and 1901, at a total cost of $27,000: these afford 25,250 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and about 1000 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By the owner. LIBRARY. 3000-4000 volumes on science, art, history, and liter- ature. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 4. NORRISTOWN: HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The society maintains a small museum of local historical relics. PHILADELPHIA: ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. (Logan Square.) STAFF. Officers: President, Samuel G. Dixon; Vice-presidents, Arthur Erwin Brown, Edwin G. Conklin; Corresponding secretary, J. Percy Moore; Recording secretary and librarian, Edward J. Nolan; Treasurer, George Vaux, Jr. ; Board of curators, Samuel G.Dixon, Arthur Erwin Brown, Henry A. Pilsbry, Witmer Stone. Salaried Staff: Curators, Henry A. Pilsbry, Witmer Stone; Assistants, Henry Skinner, Stewardson Brown, Henry W. Fowler, Edw. G. Yanatta, J. Percy Moore, James A. G. Rehn; Preparator, David McCadden; Assistant librarian, Wm. J. Fox ; Aides, Ada Allen (herbarium) , E. T. Cresson, Jr. (entomology) ; Harriet N. Wardle (library) . The officers and 1 2 coun- cilors constitute the council of the academy and transact its business. The board of curators has immediate charge of the museum. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples, 21,500. This collection includes the Morton collection of noo crania, the Clarence B. Moore collection from the Indian mounds of Georgia and Florida, the col- lection of the Peary relief expedition from Greenland, and the Halde- man remains of North American Indians and native tribes of British Guiana. BOTANY. Cryptogamic herbarium, 50,000, including ioo± types and figured specimens; Phanerogamic herbarium, 604,000, including a large number of types and figured specimens. Among special col- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 249 lections may be mentioned those of Buchley, LeConte, Nuttall, Read, Shortt, and others; a large herbarium of old world plants; the Ellis and Everhart collection of fungi; and the George A. Rex collection of Myxomycetes. GEOLOGY. Minerals and rocks, 29,000, including the William S. Vaux collection, maintained and enlarged from a special endowment fund. In historical geology an extensive collection is available for study but is not arranged for exhibition. PALEONTOLOGY. 46,000 specimens, including many types and figured specimens. Among special collections are the Lea collection of eocene fossils, the Joseph Wilcox collection of pliocene fossils, the Conrad and Gabb collections, and many vertebrate types of Cope and Leidy. ZOOLOGY. 1,500,000 specimens: Shells, 200,000 trays, said to be the largest collection in America, and including many type specimens described by Tryon, Lea, Say, Pilsbry, and others; Insects, on exhibi- tion, 2000, in storage, 370,000, types and figured specimens, 59oo±, including the Martindale collection of lepidoptera and the George H. Horn collection of coleoptera; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 500, in storage, 11,000, types and figured specimens, ioo±; Fishes, 40,000, including the Bonaparte collection and many types and figured specimens; Batrachians and reptiles, 18,000, including many types and figured specimens described by Cope; Birds, on exhibition, 9000, in storage, 50,500, types, 6oo±, including many of Cassin, Gould, and Townsend, and forming one of the best collections in America; Mam- mals, on exhibition, 500, in storage, 12,000, types and figured speci- mens, 5o± ; Local collections, a special exhibition room is devoted to the natural history of eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey and con- tains the collection of the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The academy was founded in 1812 and has had several locations, the present site being occupied in 1876. The building was remodeled and enlarged in 1894 and 1908. It now con- tains 100,000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 50,000 for offices, workrooms, etc., besides the library. SCOPE. Special emphasis is placed upon exploration and research by the staff, and upon publication. Instruction of the general public is carried on by the maintenance of a free museum and by courses of free lectures. LIBRARY. The library is the most extensive natural history li- brary in America, and is noted for its complete files of early foreign scientific journals, and its remarkably fine series of systematic works in 250 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS all branches of zoology and botany. The bound volumes number 65,000, and many pamphlets and journals are still unbound. The library is now housed in a new fireproof building and arranged on steel stacks, while adjoining it is a commodious reading room. PUBLICATIONS. The academy has published a Journal of which the first series of 8 volumes extended from 1817 to 1839; the second series began in 1847 and includes 13 volumes up to 1908. The Proceedings of the academy have been issued in 60 volumes from 1841 to 1908. Additional publications include a manual of conchology, the Transac- tions of the American Entomological Society, 1867-1908, and the Entomological News, 1890-1908. ATTENDANCE. The museum is open free to the public on week- days from 9 to 5, and on Sundays from i to 5. The library is not open on Sundays. Books are not allowed to be taken from the building. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The collections of this society have accumulated since 1859 by gift, purchase, and exchange. In the early days many specimens were purchased for the society by the late Dr. T. B. Wilson; in 1860 Mr. E. P. Cresson presented his entire collection of coleoptera; in 1863 a large collection of European moths was presented by W. H. Edwards; in 1864 Dr. T. B. Wilson presented the original collection of Professor Felipe Poey of Havana; in 1885 W. H. Ashmead presented types of many of his species of parasitic hymenoptera. The collec- tions also include the Charles Wilt collection of coleoptera; the Von Osten Sacken collection of dipterous insects and cynipidous galls; the George H. Horn collection of over 67,000 coleoptera, including many types; the H. F. Bassett collection of cynipidae, including nearly all his types; the S. N. Dunning collection of hymenoptera; the B. Clemens collection of micro-moths, containing nearly all his types; the C. A. Blake collection of lepidoptera; and the Cresson collection of hymenoptera, containing 75,000-100,000 specimens and 2000-3000 types. The society occupies rooms in the Academy of Natural Sciences (Logan Square) under the terms of an agreement made in 1895, by which the society agreed to continue its library and collections, in charge of its librarian and curator, subject to the by-laws of the acad- emy, in such space as may be provided by the academy. It is pro- vided that no person shall be eligible for membership in the Entomo- logical Society who is not already a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences. The collections are in charge of Henry Skinner, curator. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 25 1 AMERICAN NEGRO HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society has a small collection of pictures, pamphlets, and curios connected with negro slavery in the United States. George W. Mitchell, 908 Walnut Street, is corresponding secretary. DREXEL INSTITUTE MUSEUM. (Chestnut and 32nd St.) STAFF. Curator, Mary T. MacAlister; Attendant in picture gal- lery, Elizabeth C. Niemann; minor employees are detailed from the staff of the institute for special duties in the museum. ART. A gallery of paintings comprising the Anthony J. Drexel and John D. Lankenau bequests; casts from the antique; modern sculpture; French and English prints; oriental and European ceramics; metal work; furniture and wood carving; and textiles. Among special collections may be mentioned the series of Egyptian antiquities col- lected by Brugsch in 1895; tne George W. Childs collection of carved ivories; Sevres white and gold ware of the Louis Philippe and Napoleon III periods; hand-printed cottons of India; fragments of European silks and velvets of the i5th to the i8th century. COMMERCE AND FINANCE. A small collection. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was begun in 1892 as a part of the work of the Drexel Institute of Art, Science, and Industry. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By appropriations from the general funds of the institute, and by gifts. BUILDING. The building was erected in 1891, and the museum occupies 8700 square feet of floor space for exhibition. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the president and a committee of the board of trustees of the institute. SCOPE. The primary purpose of the museum is the instruction and artistic cultivation of the students of the institute, but the privi- leges of the museum are extended to the public. LIBRARY. 36,000 volumes intended for the use of the staff, stu- dents, and the public. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily except Sundays and holidays, from October to March, from 9 to 6. No statistics of at- tendance are available. HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (1300 Locust St.) The society maintains a large collection of local historical por- traits and relics, in charge of John W. Jordan, librarian. Among the artists represented are: Hesselins, West, Copley, Stuart, Peale, Polk, Wurtmiiller, Pine, Wright, Sully, Eicholtz, Inman, Read, Pettit, and Lambdin. 252 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS INDEPENDENCE HALL AND NATIONAL MUSEUM. STAFF. Superintendent of buildings, James McCormack; Cur- ator in charge, Wilfred Jordan; Assistant, Sarah Wilson; 3 engineers, i special officer, 8 guards, 3 night guards, and 5 janitors. ART. Sculpture, 25; Prints and engravings, 1000; Oil paintings, 500+; Water colors, 20; Crayons, 50. This collection includes many valuable portraits of the colonial and revolutionary period. HISTORY. Colonial and revolutionary relics, many of which are very valuable. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An annual appropriation of $12,860 from the city. BUILDING. Independence Hall comprises three main build- ings. The central building was designed by Andrew Hamilton, and erected about 1736 by the province of Pennsylvania; the two others were erected after the close of the Revolution for the county of Phil- adelphia. ADMINISTRATION. By the bureau of city property in association with an advisory board of 8 members appointed by the mayor. LIBRARY. A few reference books intended for the use of the staff. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily except Sunday from 9 to 4. No statistics of attendance are available but the number of visitors is estimated at 1,000,000 a year. NUMISMATIC AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY OF PHILADEL- PHIA. This society does not maintain a museum of its own but has on deposit with the Pennsylvania Museum in Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park, about 5000 coins and medals. The society was founded in 1858 and maintains a library of 1500 books and 4000 pamphlets at 1300 Locust Street. PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS. Museum. STAFF. Secretary and manager, John E. D. Trask. ART. General collections representing the various schools and periods in art; a collection of American paintings, said to be the best iri existence; examples of sculpture, and nearly 50,000 engravings and etchings. The series of American paintings begins with those of Benjamin West, Charles Willson Peale, Gilbert Stuart, and Wash- ington Allston, and continues with the works of Trumbull, KrimmelJ, Gray, Huntington, and May, with representative portraits by Rem- brandt, Peale, Sully, Eicholtz, Neagle, and Inman, thus bringing the series to the period of contemporary art. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 253 There are the following special collections: The Carey collec- tion consists of examples of the earlier British school of painters, with a number of works by American artists. The Temple collection has been accumulated with the income from a fund established in 1880 by Joseph E. Temple for the purchase of works of American artists shown in the exhibitions of the academy; it now includes 36 paintings. The Gibson collection was received in 1896 by bequest of Henry C. Gibson, and consists of 5 pieces of sculpture and 98 paintings, principally masterpieces of contemporary French and German art. The Field collection of paintings, chiefly works painted before the igth century, was received in 1887 as the gift of John W. Field and his wife. The print collection includes the John S. Phillips collection of about 40,000 engravings and etchings bequeathed by him to the academy. HISTORICAL SKETCH. This is said to be the oldest art institution in the United States, having been organized in 1805 in Independence Hall. Its first building, supposed to have been designed by Benjamin Latrobe, was erected on the north side of Chestnut Street. By 1870 the requirements of the academy had outgrown this building and in 1876 the present building was completed and dedicated. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The endowment of the institution was under- taken in 1886, when $100,000 was subscribed for this purpose. This has since been increased to $202,000. The Temple fund consists of $60,000, the income of which is expended one-half for the acquirement of pictures and the award of the Temple medal, and one-half for the current expenses of the academy. The Gibson collection is maintained by the income of a special fund of $io,coo. The Phillips collection has an endowment of $12,000 for its care and increase. BUILDING. Erected in 1876 at a cost of $543,000 from designs prepared by Furness and Hewitt, the building has a frontage of 100 feet and a depth of 265 feet, and contains in addition to the galleries, print room, and library, the executive offices, schools, and lecture room. SCOPE. In addition to the permanent collections, annual exhibi- tions are held which bring together some of the best examples of Ameri- can painting and sculpture. The academy also maintains the oldest school in America devoted exclusively to the cultivation of the fine arts. LIBRARY. An excellent art library. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5 and on Sundays from i to 5. The attendance in 1909 was 182,228. 254 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM. (Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park.) STAFF. Director, and curator of American pottery and porcelain, Edwin Atlee Barber; Assistant curator, Mrs. Cornelius Stevenson; Honorary curators, F. D. Langenheim (numismatics), Mrs. John Harrison (textiles, lace, and embroidery), Mrs. Jones Wister (orien- tal pottery), Alfred D. Pell (European porcelain), Cornelius Steven- son (arms and armor), Mrs. W. D. Frishmuth (musical instruments), Alexander S. Calder (sculpture, marbles, and casts), Augustav Ket- terer (furniture and woodwork), Charles E. Dana (prints, manuscripts, book plates, and historic seals) ; Librarian and registrar, Frances C. Wolfe; 3 general assistants, i foreman, 10 guards, 3 engineers, 2 night watchmen, and i catalog seller. ART. 40,000 specimens of industrial, decorative, and fine art, as follows: Sculpture in marble, stone, and unglazed terra cotta, 434; Mosaics, 6; Carvings in ivory, bone, and horn, 565; Woodworking, book panels, furniture, picture frames, marquetry, lacquer, and bas- ket-work, 854; metalwork, iron, steel, copper, lead, bronze, brass, and pewter, 1826; Coins, medals, medallions, and embossed plaques, 5000; Arms and armor, 262; Silversmith's work, including plate, 5 14; Jewelry and goldsmith's work, gems, crystals, carved shell, amber, coral, lapis lazuli, etc., 508; Enamels on metals, 388; Pottery, earthen and stone- ware, 5000; Porcelain, 3000; Glass vessels, mirrors, and personal orna- ments, such as beads, rings, etc., not jewelry, 810; Painted and stained glass, 69; Leather work, including bookbinding, 79; Textiles and em- broideries, 1236; Lace, 566; Musical instruments, 317; Oil paintings, 280; Water colors, drawings, fans, miniatures, engravings, and books illuminated and with engravings, 373. The collections of American pottery, porcelain, and glass are the largest and most comprehensive in existence. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art was chartered in 1876 for the purpose of establishing a museum of art in all its branches and technical application, with a special view to the development of the art industries of the state, and to maintain practical schools, special libraries, etc., for instruction in drawing, painting, modeling, designing, etc. The museum in Memo- rial Hall was opened in 1877, and the collections have been open free to the public since 1881. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The annual income of the museum is as follows: from general endowment, $1652; from Temple trust fund, for purchase of art objects, $13,000; from subscriptions and member- ships, $1350; from the Fairmount Park commissioners for mainte- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 255 nance of building, $11,000; total, $27,002 (1908). The income given for the museum is independent of the income for the maintenance of the school. BUILDING. Completed in 1876 for the Centennial Exhibition but designed as a permanent art museum. The cost was $1,500,000, of which the state paid two- thirds and the city one- third. The Penn- sylvania Museum occupies 70,000 square feet of floor space in this building, which also accommodates the Wilstach Art Gallery. ADMINISTRATION. By a director and a museum committee, re- sponsible to a board of trustees. SCOPE. The purposes of the museum are the development of the industries of the state, furnishing material for instruction in the school, research by the staff, and the maintenance of a bureau of identification. LIBRARY. About 2600 titles on art subjects intended for use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Annual reports, 33 issued to 1910. (2) Mu- seum Bulletin, issued quarterly since January 1903. (3) Monographs and catalogs, about 30. (4) Art handbooks, 2. (5) Art primers, 4. (6) A general handbook of the museum. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public every day in the year; Sundays, i to 6, Mondays, 12 to 5, other days, 9 to 5. The average yearly attendance is about 400,000. THE PHILADELPHIA MUSEUMS. STAFF. Director, W. P. Wilson; Secretary, Wilfred H. Schoff; Curator, Charles R. Toothaker; Curator's assistants, George T. Hast- ings, Geo. P. Goll, B. Meade Wagenseller; Photographer, Fred D. Maisch; Librarian, John J. MacFarlane; Chief of foreign trade bureau, Dudley Bartlett; Editor of bureau publications, Horace S. Morrison; Chief assistant in the bureau, George C. Gibson; Superintendent of buildings and grounds, C. D. Williason; 2 stenographers; i cashier; 6 minor curatorial assistants; 2 assistants in photography; 3 assistants in the library; 23 clerks, stenographers, translators, and printers in the foreign trade bureau; 8 watchmen and guards; 5 cleaners; i engi- neer and an assistant; 2 firemen; a variable number of carpenters and painters. COLLECTIONS. The exhibits are both geographic and mono- graphic. In the geographic exhibits the object is to show in one place all that pertains to the people, industries, and products of one coun- try. The monographic exhibits show the different varieties of one substance or of one group of articles in all parts of the world. 256 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS The geographic exhibits shown at the present time are from Japan, China, Indo-China, Siam, India, Ceylon, Siberia, the Philippines, South Sea Islands, Hawaii, Egypt, Tunis, Algeria, Morocco, Soudan, Senegal, Guinea, Liberia, Dahomey, Congo, Somaliland, German East Africa, British Central Africa, Cape Colony, Madagascar, all the repub- lics of South America, Central America, Mexico, and the West Indies. The monographic exhibits are classified as cereals, legumes and food stuffs, beverages, spices, fibers, oil seeds, woods, gums and resins, ores, economic minerals, skins, hides and leathers, silk, etc. The Phil- ippine exhibit alone covers 14,000 square feet of floor space and is typical of the geographic exhibits. It contains large series of Manila hemp, rice, gutta percha, and other raw products, showing all the com- mercial grades and varieties. Pina, maguey, cotton, and other fibers are shown in great variety, with samples of the various textiles made by the Filipinos. There is a large collection of Philippine woods, ores, and economic minerals. More than half the exhibit might be classified as ethnology for it contains everything that is necessary to show the life and industries of the people. In includes house models, life-size groups showing the people engaged in their customary occu- pations, series of basketry, matting, household utensils, weapons, tools, agricultural implements, etc. The geographic exhibits are especially rich in material from West and Central Africa, 'China, Japan, and the Philippines. There are now on exhibition 16 life-size figures. The number of specimens is hard to estimate, as it has not yet been possible to catalog the collections. There are probably 50,000 ethnological specimens. Much of the material might be classed as ethnology, economic botany, geology, zoology, industrial art, and com- merce. Under art there is a series of paintings in oil by Japanese art- ists of the modern school who have studied in Europe. Contrasting with these is a series of paintings by foremost Japanese artists in the old style. An exhibit showing the history of commerce covers 6000 square feet of floor space and includes a series of models accurately made to one scale showing merchant vessels of the world in the types used since earliest times. A series of maps indicates the changes of national boundaries in their relation to the development of important commerical highways and trade routes from the dawn of history. Samples of the most important articles of commerce in each period are shown with the maps. The exhibit is supplemented with a large series of pictures showing typical means of transportation from the most primitive to the most modern methods. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES . 257 FOREIGN TRADE BUREAU. This bureau is devoted chiefly to the development of international trade . It has a very complete equipment and an extensive chain of correspondents throughout the world which enable it to furnish information regarding foreign markets and business methods. It maintains a translation department by the aid of which exporting houses can carry on correspondence with their clients in all parts of the world in any language. It also receives thousands of inquiries annually from foreign merchants desiring to purchase Amer- ican-made goods. These inquiries are promptly turned over to man- ufacturers in a position to supply the lines asked for. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Philadelphia Museums were organized in 1894. The first department developed was the Commercial Mu- seum, with exhibits of commercial products of all kinds, designed chiefly to aid merchants and manufacturers in securing foreign trade. Educational work has since become an important activity in the mu- seum. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum receives a variable income from the city. The amounts appropriated for 1909 were as follows: maintenance, $40,000; repairs, $2000; grounds, $1000; power house, $3000; supplies, $12,000. Special appropriations are received from the state legislature for special purposes. In 1909 appropriations to run two years were made as follows: For preparation and in- stallation of exhibits, $20,000; for permanent improvement of buildings, $25,000; for educational work in the state, $25,000. The Foreign Trade Bureau is supported by subscriptions from bus- iness firms which use its services. $36,000 was received from this source in 1909. BUILDINGS. There are three permanent exhibition buildings originally constructed by the United States government for the Na- tional Export Exposition in 1899. Improvements on these buildings have been made by appropriations from the state and city. There are 178,000 square feet of floor space available for exhibition, and 34,000 for offices, workrooms, etc. The buildings are so constructed that the floor space may be nearly doubled when necessary. There is in addi- tion a power house built of granite and steel at a cost of about $100,000, and a storage building with a floor area of 120,000 square feet, a green- house, stable, tool house, etc. The total cost of the buildings to date has been about $850,000. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to a board of trus- tees composed of prominent citizens who hold office by appointment of the mayor, and eight ex-officio members, including the governor of Pennsylvania, the mayor of Philadelphia, and other officials. 258 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS SCOPE. The aims of the institution are (i) to give information to American manufacturers and foreign and domestic merchants, in order to aid the business interests of the United States. (2) To assist in the education of children of Pennsylvania, especially along geo- graphical and1 commercial lines. (3) By means of attractive exhibits and lectures to interest and instruct the general public. Lectures are given daily to classes from the city schools and there are frequent lectures to the general public. Collections of commercial products are extensively and systematically distributed free to public high schools and all the lower grades in Pennsylvania. These are supplemented by many sets of lantern slides, accompanied by descriptive lectures, stereopticons, and screens, loaned without charge. LIBRARY. 26,000 books and 46,000 pamphlets. These books cover every subject bearing on the trade, industries, and resources of this and foreign lands. 623 trade papers are received regularly, of which 350 are from foreign countries; also the official gazettes from 60 different governments, as well as statistical, geographical, and other periodicals. The publications containing the statistics of imports and exports of 70 different governments are regularly received. There are 410 directories in the library, of which 280 are foreign, including nearly all the large cities throughout the world and all the cities of the United States with 100,000 population. The library is unique in its collections of statistical publications, directories, trade papers, and consular reports of our own and other nations. It contains also a large number of scientific publications and works pertaining to the various industries. Books of travel as necessary adjuncts to commercial information are kept up to date. There is also a valuable collection of books on the history of commerce. PUBLICATIONS. Annual reports; miscellaneous bulletins descrip- tive of the exhibits and educational work; and frequent reports of a statistical nature bearing on foreign commerce. The Foreign Trade Bureau publishes Commercial America, circulated abroad for the pur- pose of informing foreign buyers concerning export goods made in this country, and the Weekly Bulletin, circulated among manufacturers in this country for the purpose of informing them of foreign trade con- ditions. A series of reprints of writings illustrating the history of commerce is also under preparation. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from Q to 5 and on Sundays from i to 5. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 259 PRESBYTERIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Museum and Gallery. (Witherspoon Building. ( This society maintains a museum with collections relating to the history of Presbyterian churches in the United States, as follows: church seals, arms, etc.; io,ooo± prints and drawings; communion tokens; pewter and silver plate; church furniture; miscellaneous relics; and an extensive collection of books and manuscripts. These col- lections are in charge of Alfred Percival Smith, curator, and are open free to the public on week-days from 10 to 5, except on Saturday, when the hours are 10 to 12. UNITED STATES MINT. Numismatic Collection. This collection was established in 1838 and has been increased slowly by a small allowance from the incidental and contingent appro- priation of the mint. It now includes about 20,000 coins and medals representing nearly all countries and arranged geographically and chronologically. It occupies 2025 square feet of floor space for exhi- bition and is open free to the public daily except Sundays and holidays from 9 to 3.30. The attendance in 1909 was about 100,000. The collection is in charge of T. L. Comparette, curator. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. Teaching collections are maintained in connection with the several science departments of the university as follows : BOTANY. A herbarium of 23,000 sheets; 1200 alcoholic museum specimens illustrating comparative morphology; an extensive collection of alcoholic specimens for class use; a set of De Royle botanical models; and a botanic garden including 3200 species of living plants. GEOLOGY. An exhibition series of 20,000 minerals, representing nearly all known species and including the Genth, Cope, Howell, Clay, Bement, and Cardeza collections; 2000 specimens of rocks illustrating the typical formations of America and Europe; 2000 specimens of economic geology, including ores from all the principal western mining localities; and a series illustrating historical geology. PALEONTOLOGY. 15,000 specimens, including a series of fossils from the paleozoic formations of New York, some of which are the type specimens described in the Paleontology of New York; a dupli- cate set of a part of the invertebrate fossils collected by the geological survey of Pennsylvania; cretaceous fossils from the western states; cenozoic and mesozoic fossils from the Gulf and Atlantic coasts. There are also monographic collections of certain groups, e.g., Bryozoaby Ulric, and Ostracoda by Bassler. 260 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ZOOLOGY. The osteological collection of Prof. E. D. Cope, includ- ing his series of mammalian skeletons, and the Hyrtl collection of nearly 1000 beautifully prepared fish skeletons; 10,000 invertebrates, including the Leidy collection of parasites; the Wheatley collection of fresh- water mollusks of the world; and material obtained from the Bahamas and Jamaica by the university expedition of 1887 and 1890- 91. There are also models and preparations illustrating embryology and anatomy; and a vivarium containing living marine, fresh- water, and land animals. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. The University Museum. STAFF. Director, G. B. Gordon. Anthropological section: Cur- ator, G. B. Gordon; Assistant curator, George H. Pepper (American archeology and ethnology) ; Assistants, Frank G. Speck and Edward Sapir (general ethnology). Babylonian cind general Semitic section: Curator, Hermann V. Hilprecht; Assistant curator, Albert T. Clay. Egyptian section: Curator, David Randall-Maclver; Assistant cur- ator, C. Leonard Woolley. Mediterranean section: Curator, Wil- liam N. Bates. COLLECTIONS. The anthropological section contains large col- lections of American ethnology and archeology, notably the George G. Haye collection; collections from Borneo and other parts of the Malay Archipelago; and a general ethnological collection. There is also a collection of European prehistoric archeology. The Babylonian and general Semitic section contains a large num- ber of cuneiform tablets and other valuable antiquities discovered by the Babylonian expedition of the University of Pennsylvania during several years exploration at Nippur. The Egyptian section has been a subscriber for many years to the Egypt exploration fund and the Egyptian research account, and the museum has also sent several expeditions to excavate in Egypt and Nubia. The collections which have been gathered from these various sources are among the largest and most important in the country. They are especially rich in pre-dynastic material, and represent ad- mirably the various dynasties down to the Roman period. A notable feature is the unique collection of Nubian antiquities discovered by the Coxe expedition. The Mediterranean section contains valuable collections of marbles, pottery, and bronze objects from Greece and Italy, and includes a not- able collection of Etruscan antiquities, and a valuable Cretan collec- tion made by excavations carried on at Gournia under the auspices of the museum. * BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 261 FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Entirely from private sources. BUILDING. The building is of brick, and was planned in 1898 to be built in sections, of which about one-fifth has already been erected. SCOPE. The scope of the museum is archeological and ethnolog- ical, the archeology coming down as late as the Roman period. It is intended to afford the university material for instruction and inves- tigation and to offer free educational facilities to the public. LIBRARY. A reference library is maintained in the museum pri- marily for the staff and students. PUBLICATIONS. The museum has published a Babylonian series, an Egyptian series, and an anthropological series dealing with inves- tigations carried on in several sections. It also publishes Transac- tions at irregular intervals. ATTENDANCE . Open free to the public on week-days from 10 to 5 and on Sundays from 2 to 6. The average yearly attendance is 50,000. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. Wistar Institute of Anat- omy and Biology. The Wistar Institute, M. J. Greenman, director, maintains as one of its activities a research museum, including extensive series of preparations and material relating to human and comparative anatomy. ' Extensive experiments have been made in museum installation, in- cluding metal cases, exhibition jars, storage cases, etc. The institute has an income of $50,000 a year from an endowment given by J. J. Wistar. It maintains an anatomical library of 6860 volumes and 5388 pamphlets, and subscribes to 64 anatomical or zoological journals. The greater part of the resources is expended in the maintenance of a research staff . The institute publishes the following journals : Jour- nal of Morphology, The Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, The American Journal of Anatomy, The Anatomical Record, and The Journal of Experimental Zoology. WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE. (17th St. and Mont- gomery Ave.) STAFF. Superintendent, John G. Rothermel; i general assistant and i janitor. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, 30oo±, foreign, 24. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 5ooo±, in storage, i4oo±; Rocks, 326±; Relief maps, models, etc., 5. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 2o,ooo± , in storage, 8ooo±, types and figured specimens, 123^ ; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 278, in storage, 32; Plants, on exhibition, 200, in storage, i5o±. 262 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, i6,ooo±, in storage, i4,ooo±; Insects, on exhibition, io,ooo±, in storage, i2oo±; Fishes, 2oo±; Batrachians, 58±; Reptiles,, ioo±; Birds, 326±; Mammals, 2oo±. In addition to these there is a synoptic collection from protozoa to vertebrates of 418 specimens. 44 small groups of animals are mounted in natural surroundings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The institute was founded by Professor William Wagner as the result of a course of free lectures on scientific subjects given at his house in 1847: The building of the institute was completed in 1864 and courses of free lectures have been continuously maintained up to the present time. The institute was incorporated in 1855. After the death of Professor Wagner in 1885 the trustees prepared to open the museum and library to the public; the latter was opened in 1889 and the former in 1891. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An income of about $20,000 from endow- ment by the founder. BUILDING. Erected in 1864 by the founder, the building pro- vides 18,596 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 11,885 for lecture hall, libraries, offices, laboratories, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a superintendent, responsible to a board of trustees. SCOPE . The museum is intended to maintain synoptic, systema tic, and local collections for public instruction in connection with the free libraries and free lecture courses of the institute. The museum has been the basis of much research work published by the institute. LIBRARY. A scientific reference library of 25,ooo± bound volumes and 5o,ooo± unbound volumes and pamphlets, intended for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS. 6 volumes of Transactions have been published. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on Wednesday and Sat- urday afternoons from 2 to 5. No statistics of attendance are avail- able. W. P. WILSTACH COLLECTION. (Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park.) The gallery contains 500 oil paintings and 25 water colors. It was founded in 1892 by the bequest of Mrs. Anna H. Wilstach who de- vised the sum of $700,000, 166 oil paintings, 15 water colors, and 200 books on art to the city of Philadelphia, in charge of the commissioners of Fairmount Park. The collection is under the care of E. A. Shunk, custodian, assisted by a librarian, 2 guards, and 5 minor employees. The custodian is responsible to a committee in charge of the gallery, BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 263 appointed by the commissioners of Fairmount Park. The collection occupies 10,000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 2000 for offices, etc., in Memorial Hall. The library consists of 300 vol- umes on art intended for the use of both staff and public. The gal- lery is open free to the public daily from 9.30 to 5, and the average attendance is 350,000 a year. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA. Zoological Gar- dens. (Fairmount Park.) STAFF. Secretary and general manager, Arthur Erwin Brown; Superintendent, Robert D. Carson; Pathologist, Herbert Fox. COLLECTIONS. Amphibians, 75; Reptiles, 1012; Birds, 952; Mam- mals, 487. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. City appropriation through the commission- ers of Fairmount Park, $25,000; Membership dues, $885; Admission receipts, $25,506; Rents, $250; Interest, $1680; Sale of animals, $210; Sale of guides, $465; Goat and donkey rides, $1190; Sundry receipts, $1610. BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. These cover an area of 35 acres. ADMINISTRATION. By a general manager, responsible to the board of directors of the society. SCOPE. Exhibition of living animals. Autopsies are made on all animals which die in the collections. PUBLICATIONS. An annual report. ATTENDANCE. Open daily from 9 until sunset. Admission, 25 cents, children 10 cents, except on Saturdays and holidays when the fee is 10 cents for adults and 5 cents for children. The attendance for 1908-9 was 174,830. PITTSBURGH: CARNEGIE INSTITUTE. Department of Fine Arts. STAFF. Director, John W. Beatty; Secretary to the director, Carolyn S.Lapsley; Acting assistant to the director, J.Arthur Garber; Curators, Will J. Hyett (paintings, prints, etc.), A. Zeller (architec- ture, sculpture, and bronzes). ART. Sculpture, 69; Oil paintings, 84 ; Architecture, no; Original drawings, 139; Japanese prints, 37 ; Bronzes, 356. The art department is rich in the works of modern painters, especially in landscapes. HISTORICAL SKETCH. Founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1896. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An annual income of $60,000 provided by Mr. Carnegie. 264 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS BUILDING. The department occupies 64,825 square feet of floor space for exhibition galleries, 4218 for offices, and 14,252 for work- rooms and storerooms in a building erected by Mr. Carnegie in 1907 at a cost of over $6,000,000, and occupied jointly by the institute, the library, and the music hall. SCOPE. Primarily public instruction. The art department holds an annual international exhibition open to artists of all countries, at which gold, silver, and bronze medals are awarded, with prizes of $i 500, $1000, and $500 respectively. LIBRARY. A working collection of about 500 books. PUBLICATIONS. An annual report and catalogs of exhibitions. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 10 to 10 and on Sundays from 2 to 6. CARNEGIE INSTITUTE. Department of the Museum. STAFF. Director, and curator of paleontology and 'entomology, W. J. Holland; Honorary curators, A. A. Lambing (history), George H. Clapp (conchology) ; Curators, A. E. Ortmann (invertebrate zool- ogy), C. H. Eigenmann (ichthyology); Assistant curators, O. E. Jen- nings (botany), W. E. C. Todd (birds and mammals), P. E. Raymond (invertebrate paleontology); Custodians, D. A. Atkinson (reptiles), Hugo Kahl (entomology) ; Assistant to director, custodian of miner- alogy, and accession officer, Douglas Stewart; Assistants, Victor Sterki (conchology), Earl Douglass and O. A. Peterson (paleontology), H. G. Klages (entomology), L. H. Townsend, A. M. Dierdorf, and G. A. Link (taxidermic laboratory), Mrs. O. E. Jennings (botany), D. C. Hughes (archeology and ethnology); Collectors, J. D. Haseman (ich- thyology), M. A. Carriker, Jr., and Jose Steinbach (zoology) ; Prepara- tors, A. S. Coggeshall (paleontology), R. H. and J. A. Santens (zool- ogy); Assistant preparators, L. S. Coggeshall and Serafino Agostini (paleontology); Modeler and sculptor, T. A. Mills; Modeler and fore- man of shops, William Banks; Modeler in paleontology, Emil Poli; Librarian, M. J. Gittings; Artist, Sidney A. Prentice; 2 stenographers, 3 cabinet makers, and i laborer. 20 guards, janitors, engineers, etc. are employed by the Carnegie Institute. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, 10,- ooo±, foreign, i3,oco±; Ethnology, native, 9Ooo±, foreign, 2Ooo±.. Civilized peoples, ancient, 72oo±, modern, 2oo±. There are 14 life-size ethnological groups on exhibition. This'department includes the largest collection of Costa Rican antiquities in the United States, of which Professor C. V. Hartman has described and figured 530 speci- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 265 mens and many others are now being figured for publication; large collections of Etruscan and ancient Egyptian antiquities; and a very complete set of reproductions of ancient bronzes from Pompeii and Herculaneum. ART. Ceramics, 4ooo±; Textiles, 6oo±; Bronzes, 1200+; Ivory and wood carvings, 4oo±, including collection of H. J. Heinz; Gems and gem stones, 6ooc±, including the Lewis collection of about 5000 specimens; Numismatics, 12,000; Armor and weapons, 2500^, includ- ing the Irwin-Laughlin collection of Japanese spears; H. J. Heinz col- lection of 103 watches; Graphic arts, i5o±; Reproductions of 252 silver reliefs by Peter Flotner, donated by Mr. Herbert Dupuy. ASTRONOMY. Small collections of meteorites; photographs: and a collection illustrating the manufacture of astronomical instruments. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 21,500, including 8 types and figured specimens; Phanerogams, 128,200, including 12 types and figured specimens; Economic collection, 840. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. Large collections illustrating the evo- lution of methods of transportation, and various manufacturing processes. GEOGRAPHY. Relief maps of Pittsburgh, Western Pennsylvania, and foreign countries. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 4000, in storage, 35,ooo±; Rocks, on exhibition, 450, in storage, 2oo±. The Jefferis collection of minerals, made by the late Dr. Jefferis of West Chester, and pur- chased for the museum by Mr. Carnegie, contains many rare speci- mens, some of them figured in Dana's mineralogy. The collection of the late Professor Gustave Guttenberg is also incorporated in the col- lections. HISTORY. A large collection of objects relating mainly to the history of Western Pennsylvania, many of which have been figured and described. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 3Soo±, in storage, ioo,ooo±, types and figured specimens, 832; Vertebrates, on exhibi- tion, i8oo±, in storage, 18,000, types and figured specimens, 315; Plants, on exhibition, 2oo±, in storage, 25oo±, numerous types and figured specimens. The collection of mounted skeletons includes that of Diplodocus carnegiei and many others of great interest; it is one of the largest collections in the United States and includes the celebrated collection of Baron Ernst Bayet of Brussels, representing Europe, and the large collections made in the Western United States through the generosity of Mr. Carnegie. 266 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 4500, in storage, 120,000, types, co-types, and figured specimens, 256; Insects, on exhibition, 3800, in storage, 1,125,000^, types, co-types, and figured specimens, 625o±; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 725, in storage, 19,500^, types, co-types, and figured specimens, 40; Fishes, on exhibition, 215, in storage, 3O,66o±, types, co-types, and figured specimens, 482; Batrachians, on exhibition, 150, in storage, 2400, types, co-types, and figured specimens, 2; Reptiles, on exhibition, 300, in storage, 42oo±, types, co- types, and figured specimens, 6; Birds, on exhibition, 1641, in storage, 29,923, types, co-types, and figured specimens, 25; Mam- mals, on exhibition, 173, in storage, 1661, types, co- types, and figured specimens, 5 . The shells of the Holland and Hartman collection, owned by the museum, contain many types and co-types of Adams, Bland, Lea, Anthony, and Hartman. The Sterki collection also contains many types. The Holland collection of lepidoptera contains the types of W. H. Edwards, Theo. L. Mead, many of Walsingham, Butler, and others, and all the types of species described and figured by Holland in various books and papers. The Ulke collection contains many species described by Leconte and Horn and referred to as in this collection. The museum also contains Dr. Hamilton's types of coleoptera, many of Ashmead's types of South American chalcids, many of Calvert's types of South American odonata, and of Bruner's types of South American orthoptera. The entomological collection is one of the largest in North America. There is a large and increas- ing collection of bird nests and eggs. 9 large and 23 small groups of animals are exhibited in natural surroundings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Carnegie Museum is one of the three departments of the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, to which Mr. Carnegie has given for buildings and endowment approximately $20,- 000,000. It began its work in 1897 and has been almost continuously under the care of the present director, W. J. Holland. The work of research and the formation of the collections was begun in a small way, but has grown rapidly, and there have been no less than 40 explor- ing and collecting parties in the field at different times. 5 parties have been sent to South America, 2 to Costa Rica, i to Labrador, i to Hud- son Bay, 24 to the fossil-fields of the West, 3 to Africa, i to Texas, 2 to Canada, i to Florida, and i to the Bahamas. The museum is maintaining a continuous biological survey of the upper valley of the Ohio and its tributaries. It has employed a score of collectors in dif- ferent parts of the world. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By an income of $85,000 annually from BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 267 endowment, supplemented by special gifts from the founder, who has alone borne the expense of the paleontological researches and has given many important collections to the museum. BUILDING. Erected in 1897-1907 at a cost of $7,000,000. The museum occupies about one- third of the building, having 52,500 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 36,000 for offices, work rooms, etc. The building also houses the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh and the Department of Fine Arts of the Carnegie Institute. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to a board of trustees represented by a committee of seven. SCOPE. Exploration, research, school work, and instruction of the general public. Collections are loaned to schools, lectures are given for their benefit, and prize essay contests are held at the museum. LIBRARY. 1 5 ,000 bound volumes and 1 2 ,000 pamphlets on natural science intended for the use of both staff and public. The library is rich in works on paleontology, entomology, and ornithology, and has large series of publications of learned societies of Europe and America. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Annals, i volume issued annually, 7 volumes published. (2) Memoirs, issued at irregular intervals, 4 volumes published and 3 in course of publication. ATTENDANCE. The museum is open free to the public on week days from 10 to 10, and on Sundays from 2 to 6. The number of visi- tors in 1909 was 45o,ooo±J UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH. The university maintains the following collections in connection with related departments in the college, the school of engineering, and the school of mines : The Smith cabinet of mineralogical and zoological specimens; an extensive study series of minerals; many Ward casts of fossils; models of mines; physiological and anatomical models; etc. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains zoological collections covering 15 acres, estab- lished in 1894 and 1896, and comprising 59 reptiles, 685 birds, and 285 mammals. POTTS VILLE: SCHUYLKILL COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society was organized in 1903, and occupies a room in the building of the Young Men's Christian Association. Its object is to collect and preserve historical records and relics pertaining to the county with special reference to the history of anthracite coal mining. The 268 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS collections are in charge of H. J. Herbein, librarian and curator, and Claude Unger, assistant. The collections of local historical relics and material relating to the coal industry are still small but are being ac- tively developed. The library contains about 250 bound volumes in addition to maps, pamphlets, and manuscripts. These collections may be seen upon application to the librarian. The society has issued 2 volumes of its publications, including several papers on the history of coal mining, and i on the fossil flora of the southern anthracite coal fields. The work of the society is supported by dues from members, supplemented by a small annual contribution from the county. READING: HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF BERKS COUNTY. The society maintains a small collection of local historical relics. SCRANTON: EVERHART MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, SCIENCE, AND ART. The Everhart Museum was founded and endowed by Dr. Isaiah F. Everhart in 1907. The present building is devoted to Dr. Ever- hart's private collection of natural history, and to the Hollister col- lections of Indian stone implements. The museum receives $5000 annually from the endowment and $3000 as a regular city appropria- tion. The building was erected in 1907 at a cost of $100,000. It is of fireproof construction and provides 12,800 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 3200 for offices, workrooms, etc. The site covers four acres and was donated by the city of Scranton. The museum staff is not yet selected, the founder acting as curator. The collections include at present the Hollister collections of 12,000 specimens of Indian stone implements; a collection of woods and seeds of Pennsylvania; anthracite coal fossils; a collection of North American butterflies; North and South American rep tiles; mamma Is of Pennsyl- vania; 12,000 native and foreign birds; and a series of heads of North American mammals. The museum is open free to the public on week-days from 7 to 5 and on Sundays from 2 to 5. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of i acre, established in 1898, containing 12 birds and 62 mammals. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 269 SOUTH BETHLEHEM: LEHIGH UNIVERSITY. The university maintains teaching collections in connection with its scientific departments as follows: Anthropology, 1000 weapons and implements of North American Indians; Botany, a collection of 1000 specimens in addition to a series of commercial woods;- Geology, 15,000 minerals and 5500 rocks and ores; Paleontology, a synoptic collection of 3000 specimens; Zoology, a synoptic collection of 1500 specimens, the Werner collection of 600 North and South American birds, nests, and eggs; and the Packer collection of 1000 shells. STATE COLLEGE: PENNSYLVANIA STATE COLLEGE. The college maintains museum collections in connection with a number of its departments as follows: BOTANY. Phanerogams, 4000; Seeds, 1500 species; Woods of Pennsylvania from the state forestry exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition. CHEMISTRY. 3500 specimens of chemical products. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 10,000; Rocks, series of European rocks, rocks of Pennsylvania, United States geological survey collection of 200 rock types; Historical geology, a general stratigraphic series col- lected by the first and second geological .surveys of Pennsylvania; Economic geology, 5000 specimens including the Pennsylvania exhibit of ores, minerals, and economic products at the World's Columbian Exposition, a polylith of 281 building stones of Pennsylvania and else- where, Colorado ores, Lake Superior iron ores, and German economic minerals and rocks. HISTORY. Material, chiefly manuscripts and photographs, show- ing the beginning of the college and the growth of 50 years. PALEONTOLOGY. 2000 specimens. Z,OOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 100, in storage, 500; Insects, on exhibition, 1500, in storage, 3000; Other invertebrates, on exhibi- tion, 100, in storage, 500; Fishes, on exhibition, 300, in storage, 300; Batrachians, on exhibition, 50, in storage, 50; Reptiles, on exhibition, 50, in storage, 50; Birds, on exhibition, 200, in storage, 300; Mammals, on exhibition, 75, in storage, 50. The preceding figures are approxi- mate. The series of Pennsylvania vertebrates is nearly complete. 270 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS SWARTHMORE: SWARTHMORE COLLEGE. Museum. STAFF. The museum is in charge of Spencer Trotter, professor of biology. . ANTHROPOLOGY. The Frederick Kohl ethnological collection of Indian weapons, clothing, etc., mostly from Alaska. BOTANY. The Annie Shoemaker collection and the Eckfeldt herbarium of 2000 Pennsylvania phanerogams. GEOLOGY. The Joseph Leidy collection of minerals, the Robert R. Corson collection of stalactites and stalagmites from Luray cavern, the Joel Scarlett collection of 3000 minerals and crystallographic specimens, and the educational series of rock specimens from the United States geological survey. PALEONTOLOGY. A few fossil invertebrates, fishes, and plants. ZOOLOGY. The C. E. Parker collection of shells; small collections of butterflies and moths, corals, sponges, echinoderms, and mollusks; a small number of vertebrate skeletons for class work; the Wilcox and Farnum collection of Pennsylvania birds; and a teaching collection in comparative osteology. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum is supported by the college. BUILDING. The collections occupy 3000 square feet of floor space in one of the college buildings. SCOPE. The museum is maintained primarily for college teaching and local collections. UNIONTOWN: FAYETTE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society maintains a small collection of local historical relics, in charge of James Hannen, secretary and custodian. VALLEY FORGE: VALLEY FORGE MUSEUM OF AMERICAN HISTORY. This museum includes the following collections: The Rev. Jesse Y. Burk collection, and the William S. Green and William L. Fox collection of Indian relics; the Mary Regina Brice collection of his- torical documents; the Lilla S. Pechin collection of United States postage stamps; a good collection of Washingtoniana; and an interest- ing civil war collection. Among the more notable single specimens are the marquee used by Washington throughout the Revolution, and the check for $120,000 paid to Lafayette for his services in the BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 271 Revolution. The museum is in charge of Rev. W. Herbert Burk, whose address is All Saints Rectory, Norristown, Pa. It is intended to illustrate the periods of American history, and is used by the public schools of the vicinity. It occupies one room of Patriots' Hall, the erection of which was begun in 1908, and is sup- ported by voluntary contributions amounting to $523 in the first year, by an income of $18.75 from endowment, and by entrance fees which have amounted to $139.50 between September i, 1909, and May i, 1910. It is open to the public on week-days from 8 to 5, the admission fee being 10 cents. WASHINGTON: WASHINGTON AND JEFFERSON COLLEGE. The president reports that the college maintains a museum com- prising 800 ethnological specimens, 500 species of plants, 2500 minerals, several hundred fossils, and 2000 zoological specimens. These collections occupy about 2300 square feet of floor space, and are in charge of the professor of biology. WASHINGTON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society maintains a library and museum for the preservation of material illustrating the history of southwestern Pennsylvania. WEST CHESTER: CHESTER COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society receives $200 a year from the county, and maintains a collection of articles of local historical interest which is open free to the public from 9 to 6. The museum is in charge of Justin E. Harlan and Alice Cochran, curators. WEST CHESTER STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. This school maintains a small collection of shells, minerals, and paintings; an Indian collection; and a large collection of animal horns. WILKES-BARRE: WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Museum. STAFF. The museum is in charge of the librarian, Horace Edwin Hayden. ANTHROPOLOGY. An unusually fine collection of 25,000 Indian relics of the highest quality, chiefly from the watersheds of the Susque- hanna River; the A. F. Berlin collection of 2700 pieces, containing 272 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS many exceedingly fine and rare specimens from all parts of North America; a series of 15 Indian pots, said to be the finest collection of Algonquin pottery in the United States ; valuable collections of colo- nial domestic utensils; Revolutionary and Wyoming massacre relics; war relics; and Hawaiian, Egyptian, Chinese, Japanese, Philippine, and African collections. There is a numismatic collection of 5000 pieces. ART. 103 portraits, chiefly of members and benefactors of the society. GEOLOGY. 3000 minerals. PALEONTOLOGY. The Ralph D. Lacoe collection of 5000 paleo- zoic fossils; the Christian H. Sharar collection of nearly 1000 paleo- zoic fossils from the carboniferous limestone at Mill Creek, Luzerne County, Pa., and 3000 specimens of the anthracite coal flora, including 200 types described by the late curator, R. D. Lacoe, and Professor Leo Lesquereux. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The society was organized in 1858 to com- memorate the successful burning of Wyoming anthracite coal in a domestic grate, February n, 1808, by Hon. Jesse Fell. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum is supported from a portion of the general funds of the society, amounting in 1910 to $52,000 in- cluding life memberships and gifts for special purposes. BUILDING. The museum occupies a portion of the society building. SCOPE. The society holds four regular meetings annually. Its aims are the investigation of local history and geology. The meetings, the library, the museum, and the publications are its chief activities. LIBRARY. 20,000 books and pamphlets on American history, genealogy, and geology; 1200 bound volumes of local newspapers; also depository for Pennsylvania and national publications. This library is the only one of its kind in northeastern Pennsylvania, no other covering the same field. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Proceedings and Collections, 10 volumes issued. (2) 25 pamphlet titles, relating to. American history, geology, ethnology, numismatics, etc. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 10 to 5. Annual attendance 6000-7000. WILLIAMSPORT: THE JAMES V. BROWN LIBRARY. This library maintains an art gallery consisting at present of 30 oil paintings and water colors, 2 pieces of sculpture, and a large set BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 273 of Copley reproductions of Abbey's Holy Grail. The library building was erected at a cost of $145,000 from the bequest of James V. Brown, who also provided an endowment yielding $10,000 annually. The library and art gallery are open free to the public daily, except Sun- days and holidays, from 9 to 9. The library gives lectures to adults and to school children, and holds loan exhibitions of pictures in addi- tion to its permanent collections. The collection is in charge of O. R. Howard Thomson, librarian. YORK: YORK COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society maintains a museum, in its rooms on the third floor of the county court house, in charge of George R. Prowell, curator and librarian. The museum was founded in 1902 and built up largely by voluntary contributions from members of the society and citizens of York. It includes collections of Indian archeology of Pennsylvania not excelled by any other museum outside of Philadelphia or Pitts- burgh. There are also collections illustrating the history of southern Pennsylvania from the time of the first settlement, includjng many historical portraits of great value. There is a complete collection of copper, nickel, and silver coins made at the United States Mint; a complete collection of the eleven issues of continental money made during the revolution. There are biological collections, including a herbarium of 1000 specimens; 2000 local butterflies and other insects; 2000 local birds, small mammals, bird eggs and nests. The depart- ments of history and ornithology are most active at present. RHODE ISLAND HARRINGTON: HARRINGTON HISTORIC-ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. This society was founded in 1885 and maintains a miscellaneous collection of material illustrating the early life of the town and neigh- borhood . The collection occupies a room in the library and is in charge of Emma S. Bradford, librarian. It is open free to the public. KINGSTON: RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. The college maintains a small museum collection in charge of John Barlow, professor of zoology. In includes over 2000 named species of insects, with a large amount of undetermined material; 274 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS a synoptical series of invertebrates; a collection including most of the reptiles and batrachians of Rhode Island; a complete series of Rhode Island birds; and a synoptical collection of mammalia in which all the orders are represented by mounted skins and skeletons. PAWTUCKET: ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park, established in 1900, contain- ing 12 mammals. PROVIDENCE: ANNMARY BROWN MEMORIAL. Completed by Gen. Rush C. Hawkins in 1907 as a memorial to his wife. The collections include family portraits, other personal and family relics, 50 early masters and 45 modern oil paintings, 15 water colors, and about 540 books, illustrating the first half century of printing with movable metal type — nearly all before 1501 — and inci- dentally, the early use of woodcuts for book illustration. The collection is open free to the public Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays, and in summer, Fridays, from 10 to 4. BROWN UNIVERSITY. The university maintains collections, primarily for teaching pur- poses, in connection with the departments listed below. ART. In the faculty room are temporarily hung 14 paintings by Frank O. Small illustrating scenes in American colonial history. In Sayles Hall is a collection of Rhode Island portraits said to be the most extensive in the state. In Manning Hall are about 20 oil paintings, specimens of early Christian and Indian sculpture, and many pieces of statuary, casts, etc. BOTANY. 75,000 specimens from all parts of the world but mainly from America . The genus Car ex is particularly w ell represented . There are also several cases of unmounted specimens and duplicates. This herbarium is in charge of J. F. Collins, curator, and is housed in Maxcy Hall. GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. The collection of minerals was in- augurated by the late Professors Jenks and Packard and now contains a carefully selected and labeled series of 10,000 specimens representing various types and characteristics. In addition there are about 500 types of rocks for the use of students in petrography, and 15 sets of 100 typical rock specimens each. There are also 100 large specimens illustrating structural geology; a general synoptic collection of 3000 BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 275 fossils; 50 fossil fishes, and several thousand specimens of carbon- iferous plants in storage. ZOOLOGY. Jenks Museum. The Jenks collection was founded by the late Professor Jenks and developed by Professors Packard, Bumpus, and Mead. It includes the following collections: Shells, in storage, 10,200; Insects, in storage, 4000; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 500, in storage, 500; Fishes, on exhibition, 25, in storage, 1000; Ba- trachians, on exhibition, 50, in storage, 85; Reptiles, on exhibition, 45, in storage, 18; Birds, on exhibition, noo, in storage, 3500; Mam- mals, on exhibition, 60, in storage, 24. There are also many embryo- logical reconstructions and medical preparations on exhibition and in storage. This department is housed in Rhode Island Hall, and is in charge of Prof. A. D. Mead. The anthropological collections formerly exhibited in Rhode Island Hall are now in storage. MOSES BROWN SCHOOL. The school has an art collection comprising 2 marble busts by Theed, a series of oil portraits, chiefly of persons connected with the history of the school and including a portrait of Whittier by Parker, and a considerable number of prints. There is also a geological col- lection comprising about 2500 minerals, including the John Griscom collection purchased in 1839; a cabinet of shells; and general teaching collections in botany and zoology. PARK MUSEUM. (Roger Williams Park.) STAFF. Curator, Harold L. Madison; 2 janitors. ANTHROPOLOGY. Ethnology, native, 5000, foreign, 100. This department includes the Charles Gorton collection of Rhode Island Indian relics and the James Angus collection of North American Indian relics. ART. Sculpture, 3 pieces of marble and i plaster cast; Prints and engravings, 47; Oil paintings, 6; Water colors, i; Ceramics, 4 small exhibits; Textiles, 2 small exhibits. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 250; Phanerogams, i3oo±. There are also 100 colored photographs of wild flowers. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. Exhibits of the following local indus- tries: Cut-glass, copper, rubber, cotton cloth, woolens, and leather. EDUCATIONAL COLLECTIONS. The museum has the following collections which it loans to the city schools: Birds, 5 different sets; Woods, 6 sets alike; Minerals, 6 sets alike; Bird charts, 8; Lantern slides, 230. 276 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 55o±, in storage, 3ooo±, Rocks, on exhibition, i-75±, in storage, 3OO±; Decorative marble; 103. The James Angus collection of Brazilian agates is said to be one of the finest in the world. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 8, in storage, iooo±; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 30, in storage, 25o±; Plants, on exhibition, 40, in storage, 2ooo±, including many duplicates. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 230o±, in storage, sooo±, types and figured specimens, 5; Insects, on exhibition, 3oo±, in storage, i2oo±; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 25o±, in storage, ioo±; Fishes, on exhibition, 10 in jars, and 90 colored plates, in storage, 5o±; Batrachians, on exhibition, 20, in storage, 50; Reptiles, on exhibition, ioo±, in storage, 5o±; Birds, on exhibition, 830, in storage, yoo± skins; Mammals, on exhibition, 60, in storage, ioo± skins. There is one group showing the northern deer in natural surrounding. The shell collections include the Southwick, Blake, and Caroline Richmond collections. There are also collections of commercial sponges and shells. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was originally intended as an art museum, but has always been used as a natural history museum. The value of the collections is chiefly due to the earnest efforts of the first two curators, Messrs. Southwick and Davis. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By city funds appropriated by the board of park commissioners. The average amount of the appropriation is about $3500 a year. After fixed expenses have been met the amount available for exhibits, publications, lectures, etc., is from $400 to $500 a year. BUILDING. The building was erected by the city in 1894-5 at a cost of $40,000 and affords 3800 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 1050 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the board of park commissioners. SCOPE. Maintenance of local collections, public school work, and instruction of the general public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) A bi-monthly Bulletin begun in March, 1909. (2) Annual reports, previous to 1909 the reports were published as a part of the report of the board of park commissioners. Since that time the reports have been issued separately. (3) A series of "Museum Bulletins" published previous to 1909 were the personal property of the curator. LIBRARY. 800 bound volumes and 1200 pamphlets, intended for the use of both staff and public. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 277 ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 10 to 5, and on Sundays from 1.30 to 5. No statistics of attendance avail- able. PROVIDENCE ATHENAEUM. In addition to its library the Athenaeum has a number of paintings and marble busts, among which may be noted Malbone's miniature picture " The Hours," a miniature of Nicholas Power by the same artist, and his sketch of himself; paintings by Van Dyke, and Sir James Rey- nolds; and a portrait of Sarah Helen Whitman by Thompson. RHODE ISLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society, established in 182 2, maintains a library and museum devoted especially to Rhode Island and New England history. The collections include Rhode Island Indian relics, relics of the early set- tlers, prints, engravings, and oil paintings of persons and localities of local interest, early household pottery, and homespun fabrics of Rhode Island. The library consists of 40,000 bound volumes and 60.000 pamphlets. Among its rare books are Capt. John Smith's De- scription of New England, Eliot's Indian Bible, and nearly all of the original editions of the writings of Roger Williams, Samuel Gorton, and other early Rhode Island authors. The society is supported by the income from endowment funds; an annual state appropriation; and subscriptions and annual memberships. The aims of the society are research, the maintenance of local collections, and instruction of the general public and schools. The society has published 10 volumes of its Collections, 8 volumes of its Publications (new series), and 38 volumes of the Proceedings of its business meetings, etc. The museum is on the third floor of the building and is open to the public, with special privileges to members, on week-days from 9 to 4; during August from 10 to i. RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN. The school maintains a public museum administered by a museum committee, of which E. G. Radeke is secretary. The collections include the following: Sculpture, 350, including casts; Prints, engravings, and autotypes, 900; Oil paintings and water colors, 200; Ceramics, 1600; Textiles, 1500; Furniture, 200; Metals, 500. The museum occupies 8 galleries in the main building, 3 of which are devoted to oil paintings, water colors, and engravings, 2 to casts of classic and renaissance sculpture, i to autotypes illustrating the history of painting, i to Japanese pottery, metal work, lacquer, dnd textiles, and i to a representative collection of peasant pottery from 278 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS many countries. Connected with the other galleries is the Pendleton House, containing a remarkable collection of antique mahogany fur- niture, rugs, mirrors, porcelain, china, and silver, gathered by the late Charles Leonard Pendleton and presented by him to the school. The house was given by Stephen O. Metcalf in accordance with the stipulation of the connoisseur that a typical colonial house be erected to hold his treasures. The place is unique in that house and furniture are in perfect harmony, giving the impression not of a museum and collection, but of the private mansion of a gentleman of taste and wealth who lived in the i8th century and furnished his house with the best examples of the cabinet makers of that period. 160 copies of a catalog of the Pendleton collection have been published at a cost of $150 a copy. Both the Pendleton House and the general collections are open to the public daily, at hours varying with the seasons, an admission fee of 25 cents being charged on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The number of visitors in 1908 was 64,031. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains, in Roger Williams Park, zoological collections established in 1891 and comprising 2 reptiles, 186 birds, and 192 mam- mals. SOUTH CAROLINA CHARLESTON: CAROLINA ART ASSOCIATION. (Gibbes Memorial Art Build- ing.) This association was incorporated in 1858. In 1906 the associa- tion and the mayor of Charleston were made trustees of the Gibbes Memorial Art Building, which was erected in 1904 at a cost of about $85,000, on land worth $15,000, the cost of both land and building being covered by a bequest of the late James S. Gibbes. An endow- ment of about $8800 is available for the maintenance of the building, while the association has an income of about $500 from memberships. An arts and crafts school and annual exhibitions are maintained, and a beginning of a permanent collection of art objects has been made. A catalog of the annual exhibition is published, and the building is open to the public at certain seasons at an admission fee of 25 cents. CHARLESTON MUSEUM. STAFF. Director, Paul M. Rea; Honorary curators, William G. Mazyck (conchology) , Daniel S. Martin (geology), Arthur T. Wayne (ornithology), Nathaniel W. Stephenson (art); Librarian, Laura M. Bragg; i janitor. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 279 ANTHROPOLOGY. A general collection of about 300 cataloged specimens; a small amount of uncataloged local Indian material; and a miscellaneous series of Arctic relics obtained by one of the Peary expeditions. This department includes the oldest specimens in the museum, a number of which were obtained as early as 1798. The col- lection of South Carolina Indian relics is small but includes some good specimens. ART. A small number of casts of Greek, Egyptian, and Assyrian sculpture, and a number of portraits of former curators. BOTANY. The Stephen Elliott herbarium, containing the plants upon which his botany of South Carolina and Georgia is based, with many types; the Henry W. Ravenel herbarium, comprising 57 algae, 459 fungi, 134 lichens, 22 hepatics, 131 mosses, and 15 ferns, all chiefly local material; a series of 300 Alpine plants obtained early in the last century; and a working herbarium of 250 species of the local flora recently begun. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. A traveling exhibit of the iron .and steel industry for use in public school work; and material for the illus- tration of a number of local industries in preparation for exhibition. GEOLOGY. A carefully selected series of about 3000 minerals, about 300 rocks, and about 50 specimens of dynamic geology. Among special collections may be noted a series of minerals of the Ural Moun- tains; the Shepard collection of phosphates of lime from all parts of the world, prepared for comparison with local phosphate material and probably unique of its kind; a collection of minerals of the Pied- mont and southern Appalachian regions, now in process of formation; and material relating to the phosphate and other industries of South Carolina. HISTORY. A few war relics and other objects of historical interest not strictly included in the scope of the museum. PALEONTOLOGY. A synoptic series of about 2000 carefully selected invertebrate, vertebrate, and plant fossils, and a fair collection of fos- sils from the phosphate beds of South Carolina, only partially worked up. The vertebrate fossils are almost exclusively fragments. ZOOLOGY. Shells several thousand specimens: Insects, a small working collection only; Other invertebrates, 224; Fishes, 75; Batra- chians, 23; Reptiles, 69; Birds, 1118 (756 mounted); Mammals, 181; Skeletons, 2OO±; Bird nests and eggs, 4oo±. The bird collection includes nearly all species recorded for the state, and a general col- lection from all parts of the world; the mammals include a good representation of the larger species; the skeletons were all mounted 280 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS by Dr. Gabriel Manigault, a former curator, and represent nearly all orders of vertebrates. HISTORICAL SKETCH. This is the oldest museum in the country, as far as is known, having originated sometime previous to 1777 under the 'auspices of the Charleston Library Society. It was transferred to the Literary and Philosophical Society of South Carolina in 1815, to the Medical College in 1828, and to the College of Charleston in 1850. In 1907 a building was provided by the city and the museum became a public institution. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. A fixed annual appropriation of $2500 from the city, supplemented by subscriptions, memberships, etc., amount- ing in 1909 to about $1700. BUILDING. Erected in 1899 at a cost of $30,000, the building was devoted to the purpose of the museum in 1907. It affords about 36,000 square feet of floor space available for exhibition, and about 1800 for offices, workrooms, lecture rooms, etc. The city has expended $12,414 in remodeling the building for the use of the museum. ADMINISTRATION. By a director, responsible to a committee of the trustees of the College of Charleston, under whose auspices the museum is administered. SCOPE. Public instruction, maintenance of local collections, and research. The work of public instruction is carried on largely through the medium of a natural history society organized under the auspices of the museum. Special importance is attached at present to a bio- logical survey of South Carolina , beginning with the coast region. LIBRARY. About 3000 volumes and many pamphlets on natural science, geography, and commerce and industry, intended for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Bulletin, issued monthly from October to May since April 1905. (2) Contributions, issued at irregular inter- vals, beginning in 1910. ATTENDANCE. The museum is in process of installation in the new building. The attendance in the old building, which was unfavorably situated, was estimated at 10,000 annually. DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY -CHARLESTON CHAP- TER. This chapter was organized in 1894 and maintains a collection of articles of historical interest, chiefly relics of the war between the states, occupying a floor space of about 1000 square feet in Market Hall. The museum is open to the public during the tourist season upon payment of ? fee of 25 cents. The number of visitors is between 300 and 400 for the season. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 281 CLEMSON COLLEGE: GLEMSON COLLEGE. Natural History Museum. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 800; Phanerogams, 4600; Special col- lections, loorb preserved specimens of local fungi and a collection of parasitic fungi of economic importance, together with the host plants. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 1500, in storage, 2000; Rocks, on exhibition, 1000, in storage, 1000; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 10. There is also a collection of the rocks and minerals of the state. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 500, in storage, 250; Vertebrates, 50; Plants, 50. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 40; Insects, on exhibition, 5000, in storage, 5000; Other invertebrates, 100; Fishes, 20; Batrachians, 20; Reptiles, TOO; Birds, 200; Mammals, 20. Special collections include injurious insects in all stages of their life history, with methods of combating them. The museum was established in 1904 as an aid to classroom work, the first cases being installed in 1906. It is supported by appropria- tions from the college, varying from $200 to $500 a year, and is in charge of a committee of the faculty, with F. H. H. Calhoun, professor of geology and mineralogy, as chairman and curator. COLUMBIA: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. The college maintains museum collections, primarily for purposes of instruction, as follows: The Babcock collection of about 30,000 Indian relics from South Carolina and neighboring states; 22oo± minerals and 700 rocks; several rare pieces of old furniture; a miscel- laneous collection of fossils; and a zoological collection including the Taylor and Heyward collection of bird eggs, a small series of mounted birds, and the Gibbes collection of shells and crustaceans. The Bab- cock collection is the largest of its kind extant. The nucleus of the collection of minerals and fossils consists of material gathered by Cooper in Europe and in this country, enlarged and arranged by Brumby and added to from various sources. There is a somewhat extensive collection of fossils of the coastal plain of the state which were probably ga'hered by Professor Tuomey. The Babcock collection is housed in the library and is open to public inspection; the other collections are in charge of the professors of the related departments and are used mainly for teaching purposes. 282 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS GREENVILLE: FURMAN UNIVERSITY. Small collections in anthropology, geology, paleontology, and zo- ology form the nucleus of a museum but are not at present on exhibi- tion. It is proposed to set apart a room for this purpose in the new science building. NEWBERRY: NEWBERRY COLLEGE. Sifley Museum. The museum is housed in Keller Hall and comprises collections in anthropology and natural history, intended primarily for teaching purposes. SPARTANBURG: WOFFORD COLLEGE. The college maintains a geological museum in charge of D. A. DuPre, professor of physics and geology, comprising 3000-4000 min- erals and rocks, and 500—700 fossils. There are no special funds for the development of the museum but it is attractively installed in a room in Science Hall affording about 2000 square feet of floor space. SOUTH DAKOTA PIERRE: STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. No reply has been received to repeated requests for information regarding this society, which is said by Thwaites to have a museum of antiquities of the state, including relics of Arikara and Sioux In- dians, photographs, etc. RAPID CITY: SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES. The geological collections include approximately 2000 minerals on exhibition and 1000 in storage; 600 rocks on exhibition and 200 in storage; 50 wall maps, 300 crystal models, and 100 specimens illustrat- ing dynamic geology; and 400 economic specimens on exhibition and 200 in storage. There are 2 excellent relief maps of the Black Hills. Special attention is given to local collections. The museum is sup- ported by appropriations from the funds of the State School of Mines, and is in charge of the professor of mineralogy and geology, Cleophas C. O'Harra. There is a library of 500 volumes intended for the use of instructors and students. The museum occupies 2000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 500 for offices, etc. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 283 VERMILION: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA. No reply has been received to repeated requests for information regarding the museum of this college, which is said by Merrill to include 1200 botanical specimens, 700 minerals, 400 ores, 300 rock specimens, 1125 fossils representing 500 species, and 900 zoological -specimens. TENNESSEE CHATTANOOGA: ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 3 acres, established in 1896, containing 17 reptiles, 86 birds, and 60 mammals. CLARKSVILLE: SOUTHWESTERN PRESBYTERIAN UNIVERSITY. A teaching collection, including about 6000 minerals, a large col- lection of rocks and fossils, 16,000 shells, and 500 herbarium speci- mens. KNOXVILLE: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE. The university has teaching collections in connection with the scientific departments and under the charge of the heads of the depart- ments. The most important collection is the herbarium, which includes 30,000 specimens, among these being many types of Chapman, Gat- tinger, Scribner, and others. The geological department has collec- tions of minerals, rocks, fossils, ores, and building stones, with a col- lection of the minerals, ores, and building materials of Tennessee in pre- paration. In zoology there are several thousand insects and a small synoptic collection of other groups. In anthropology there is a small collection of Indian stone implements and relics. Prof. C. H. Gordon is in charge of geology, and Prof. Samuel M. Bain in charge of botany. LEBANON: CUMBERLAND UNIVERSITY. The university maintains the following teaching collections in charge of Kate A. Hinds, professor of natural science: About 600 minerals and a collection of rocks from the United States geological survey; 1500 fossils and several casts of fossils; and small collections of dried and alcoholic zoological specimens, with 500 species of Japan- ese shells. 284 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS MARYVILLE: MARYVILLE COLLEGE. The college reports that it maintains a museum, but no further information has been received in response to repeated requests. The museum is said by Merrill to comprise over 400 ethnological speci- mens, 478 botanical specimens, 1000 minerals, 750 fossils, and 300 zoological specimens. MEMPHIS: COSSITT LIBRARY MUSEUM ASSOCIATION. This association was organized in 1897 for the preservation and development of material from Shelby County exhibited at the Tennes- see Centennial in 1896. The association was given the use of an upper room in the Cossitt Library building and the museum consisted for a r umber of years almost entirely of loan material. In 1903 the heirs of Mr. Elliston Mason presented to the association a collection of mound- builaers relics and one of fossils; the former comprises about 600 spe- cimens collected about the Wappanooka Mounds, and is of especial value as representing the life and habits of one people. The museum is in charge of Miss Lida Speed, who devotes a part of her time to library work in addition to her duties as custodian. The association has published a catalog of the museum. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 10 acres, established in 1903, containing i reptile, 43 birds, and 36 mammals. NASHVILLE: TENNESSEE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The librarian reports that the society maintains a museum, but no further information has been received in reply to repeated requests. VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY. The university maintains teaching collections in charge of the heads of the related departments of the university, as follows: L. C Glenn (anthropology, geology, and paleontology), W. L. Dudley (chemistry), G. W. Martin (botany and zoology), H. Z. Kip (art), and E. A. Ruddiman (pharmacognosy). ANTHROPOLOGY. 5ooo± specimens of native archeology. ART. ioo± prints and engravings. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 285 BOTANY. Cryptogams, 1000; Phanerogams, 2000. There are fair collections of seeds, woods, etc. For teaching purposes there is a full set of German charts and specially prepared lantern slides. CHEMISTRY. 200 museum preparations. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 6ooo±; Rocks, 25oo±; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 5oo±; Economic collections, ioo±. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, i5,ooo±; Vertebrates, 25o±; Plants, 75o±. PHARMACOGNOSY. 800 specimens of drugs. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 200; Insects, 1000; Other invertebrates, 200; Fishes, 500; Batrachians, 100; Reptiles, 250; Birds, 200; Mammals, 50. There is a good collection of skulls of the lower vertebrates and man. There are also charts, lantern slides, etc. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The various collections are supported from the funds allotted to each department by the university. . BUILDING. The exhibits are in different buildings, each with the corresponding department of the university. SCOPE. College teaching. WALDEN UNIVERSITY. The bursar reports that the university does not maintain a muse- um, but its collections are said by Merrill to comprise 150 ethnological specimens from Africa, a collection of coins and currency, a herbarium of 300 specimens representing 150 species, 400 minerals, 100 fossils, and a zoological collection, including a general series of 116 mounted birds, a study series of 400 birds of Colorado and Tennessee, 50 sets of bird eggs, 8000 insects, etc. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. This park, occupying 5 acres, was established in 1902 and contains 3 reptiles, 31 birds, and 295 mammals. TEXAS AUSTIN: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS. Museum of Economic Geology. This museum is a part of the bureau of economic geology of the University of Texas, and is in charge of William B. Phillips, director of the bureau. The foundation of the museum is the collections made by the geological survey of Texas from 1888 to 1892 when the survey was discontinued. In 1901 a mineral survey was established by the legislature in connection with the university and continued till 1905, when it was also suspended. The valuable material gathered by these 286 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS two surveys was supplemented by the material secured by the Texas World's Fair Commission for the St. Louis Exposition. The museum is confined to Texas material illustrating the economic resources of the state, of which it has the largest and best collection extant. There are 2500 minerals on exhibition and 1500 in storage. There are also 300 rocks, and economic material including oil, clays, building stones, salt, cement, ores, and rare minerals. The museum is housed in the engineering building of the university which was erected 'n 1904. It has no publications as yet but is arrang- ing for two bulletins each year dealing with the mineral resources of the state. It is open free to the public daily except Sunday from 8.30 to i and from 2 to 5.30. There are no statistics of attendance. In addition to the collections described above there are extensive teaching collections connected with the science department of the university. There is also the Swenson collection of 3476 coins and 1846 medals, many of which are rare. This collection is in charge of the professor of history, Dr. George P. Garrison. HOUSTON: HOUSTON MUSEUM AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY. This society was incorporated in December, 1909, and proposes to establish a museum to be located in the new Auditorium, now being erected by the city at a cost of $250,000. The museum is to be in charge of C. L. Brock, director, and is to include both science and his- tory. SAN ANTONIO: SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY OF SAN ANTONIO. (Stevens Building.) The society was organized in 1904, and has a collection including approximately 90 specimens of native archeology, 500 minerals, 30 rocks, 150 invertebrate and 20 vertebrate fossils, and a zoological collection comprising 300 shells, 150 insects, 125 fishes, and 12 birds. There are 144 photographs, including micro-photographs, of Texas insects, other invertebrates, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The col- lection is administered by the executive committee of the society, and is open to members and visitors on Friday evenings. There is a library of 700 scientific works. The society publishes an annual report. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. Two zoological parks are maintained, one established privately in 1887 and the other established by the city in 1902. The area of these parks is 16 acres and they contain 5 reptiles, 293 birds, and 117 mam- mals. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 287 WACO: BAYLOR UNIVERSITY. Museum. STAFF. Curator, John Kern Strecker Jr.; Honorary assistants, John L. Kesler (general biology), Lula Pace (botany), W. T. Gooch (entomology); i student assistant, and i janitor. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, 5000, foreign, 406; Ethnol- ogy, native, 322, foreign, 242. BOTANY. The collection is uncataloged at present, but consists largely of local plants, supplemented by a series collected by Miss Pace in several states. The Texas material includes duplicate types of many of Lindheimer's species. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 1272, in storage, 3401; Rocks, on exhibition, 200, in storage, 650; the Mart (Texas) meteorite, polished and sectioned, with a model of the original mass; and stone meteorites from Fayette County, Texas. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 716, in storage, 1842; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 73, in storage, 346; Plants, on exhibi- tion, 226, in storage, 507. The vertebrate fossils include fish skeletons, a few skulls, teeth, and odd bones, but no large complete skeletons or restorations. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 575, in storage, 10,613; Insects, in storage, 8500; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, 683, in storage, 3115; Fishes, on exhibition, 46, in storage, 306; Batrachians and rep- tiles, on exhibition, 52, in storage, 2786; Birds, on exhibition, 416, in storage, 2123; Mammals, on exhibition, 473, in storage, 2101; Bird nests, 83; Bird eggs, on exhibition, 3916 (908 species); Skulls, fin- backed whale (18 feet 9 inches in length), seals, large cats, wolves, etc. The series of complete skeletons is small. HISTORICAL SKETCH. Previous to 1901 the collections consisted of a small amount of material for teaching purposes. In that year Mr. George W. Carroll purchased a number of collections and also provided 40 exhibition cases. The material acquired since 1903 has been through donation and exchange. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By the university. BUILDING. The museum occupies 5 rooms in the basement and one on the second floor of the Carroll Science Hall, erected in 1901 at a cost of $75,000 by G. W. Carroll. The museum occupies 3200 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 256 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the board of trustees of Baylor University. 288 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS SCOPE. Maintenance of local collections, college teaching, and research. LIBRARY. 2000 bound volumes and 4200 pamph ets relating chiefly to zoology and intended for the use of the staff. PUBLICATIONS. Occasional contributions from the museum are published in the Baylor University Bulletin. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public daily except Sunday from 8 to 5. No statistics of attendance are available. UTAH SALT LAKE CITY: DESERET MUSEUM. STAFF. President and curator, James E. Talmage. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, 5oo±, foreign, 5o±; Eth- nology, native, iooo±, foreign, 5oo±. This department includes a large collection of desiccated human remains and artifacts from the cliff dwellings in Utah. BOTANY. A set of about 150 large papier-mache models of plants. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 6oo± ; Rocks, ioo± ; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 5o±. This department has about 25 tons of the large geodes of Wayne County, with selenite crystals. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 35oo± ; Vertebrates, 3 5o± ; Plants, 25°±- ZOOLOGY. Shells, 25±; Insects, iooo±; Other invertebrates, 5oo± ; Fishes, 5o± ; Batrachians, 2o± ; Reptiles, 5o± ; Birds, 4oo± ; Mammals, ioo±. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was established about 1870 under the name of the Salt Lake Museum. In 1885 it became the pro- perty of the Salt Lake Literary and Scientific Association under its present name Later it passed into the possession of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, under which it has since been admin- istered. Since 1903 the museum has been closed to the public owing to the lack of a suitable building. A new fireproof building is now in course of construction and it is expected that the greater part of the museum collections will be installed in the summer of 1910. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Hitherto by appropriations from church funds. BUILDING. The building in course of erection in 1910 will pro- vide 8200 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 4000 for offices, workrooms, etc. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 289 ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to a committee of the church. SCOPE. Exploration, maintenance of local collections, and instruc- tion of the general public. LIBRARY. A working collection for use of the staff only. UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. The curator, Orson Howard, reports that the university main- tains a museum, but no reply has been received to repeated requests for further information regarding the collections, which are said by Merrill to comprise a herbarium of 1700 plants, 2000 minerals, 200 fossils, and 2000 zoological specimens. VERMONT BURLINGTON: UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT. Museums. STAFF. Curator, G. H. Perkins, who is also professor of geology; Curator of the botanical museum, C. G. Pringle. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, i5,ooo±, foreign, 500; Ethnology, native, 1000, foreign, 2000. This department includes several thousand specimens of stone, bone, copper, shell, and earthen- ware objects from the Champlain Valley, with smaller collections from the Ohio and Mississippi valleys and the Pacific coast. The pottery of the mound builders and of Pueblo tribes is represented by jars, dishes, vases, stone and bone implements, basket work, bits of cloth, skulls, etc., from cliff houses in Mancos Canyon, Colorado. There are also collections of weapons, implements, and ornaments of the na- tives of Australia, Polynesia, Africa, and oriental countries. The Reed collection of objects obtained among the Sioux Indians is of special interest, and there are also similar specimens from the southern tribes. There is also the valuable Lewis collection of Chinese objects. The collection of oriental objects obtained in India by the late Henry LeGrand Cannon is displayed in a room added to the museum by special provision of the donor. It includes fabrics and draperies; bronze and porcelain lamps; chairs, stand, and screen of teak- wood elaborately carved; numerous articles of silver, chiefly ornamental; musical instruments; household articles of brass and iron; Indian, Persian, and Japanese armor; articles of Tibetan origin; and fine speci- mens of European arms of the i5th and i6th centuries. ART. Sculpture, 3 marbles and 28 casts; Prints and engravings, 33; Oil paintings, 18; Water colors, 3. This collection was begun in 2QO DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS 1873 by the liberality of Trenor W. Park of Bennington, and is known as the Park Gallery of Art. The original plans for its development have not been followed, and for some years nothing has been done toward keeping up the collection. It is housed in the same building with the university museum, but is not under the charge of the curator. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 40,000; Phanerogams, 110,000; Economic collections, 2000. The herbarium was begun by Professor Joseph Torrey before the middle of the i gth century. To this have been added collections of tropical . ferns by Henry LeGrand Cannon and Mrs. Norman Williams, and western American plants by Professor Perkins and others. During recent years a special effort has been made to secure a complete representation of the Vermont flora. Dr. A. J. Grout has contributed especially to this. Two recent and important additions are the herbarium and botanical library of Charles C. Frost and the herbarium of Cyrus G. Pringle, the latter is probably unsurpassed in quality by any existing collection and ranks in size as one of the large collections of America. It includes most of the known species of flowering plants and ferns of North America and Europe, and a con- siderable representation from other lands. It is especially rich in Mexican species and contains many types from this region. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 5000; Rocks, 2000. PALEONTOLOGY. 5ooo± specimens of invertebrate, vertebrate, and plant fossils, including 225 types and co-types. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 5000; Insects, 3000; Corals and sponges, 300; Fishes, 100; Batrachians, 50; Reptiles, 50; Birds, 1000; Mammals, loo. This collection includes a nearly complete series of the native mammals, birds, and fishes of Vermont. Three groups in natural surroundings have been prepared by Mr. W. E. Balch, the most note- worthy being a group of nine beavers from 6 weeks to 3 years of age, w.th a full-size section of a lodge, part of a feeding-ground, thirteen feet of a dam, and a representation of a part of a pond. There are a number of the now very rare Blaschka glass models. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The botanical museum has an income of $1000 annually from endowment, while the other departments have an income of $400. BUILDING. Erected by the university in 1870 at a cost of $10,000. The botanical collections are in the Williams Science Building. ADMINISTRATION. By the curators of the several departments, responsible to the president of the university. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5. There are no statistics of attendance available. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 29 1 MIDDLEBURY: MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE. Museum of Natural History. STAFF. Curator, Edward A. Burt, who is also professor of natural history. ANTHROPOLOGY. On the first floor of the chapel building are rooms containing a collect'on of Assyrian tablets, slabs, and casts, and other objects of interest in Semitic history; the Chapman collection of cos- tumes and implements from the Yukon Valley; stone implements; and relics of local and general historical interest. BOTANY. A complete series of the flowering plants and ferns of the Champlain Valley, collected by President Ezra Brainerd; a set of Vermont mosses prepared by Dr. Grout; and a collection of the higher fungi of Vermont now being accumulated by Professor Burt. GEOLOGY. A fairly complete working set of minerals; a set of the rocks of Vermont, collected by Professor Adams while conducting the geological survey of the state; and a collection of rocks of Minnesota. PALEONTOLOGY. The Adams collection of fossils and the Seeley collection of fossils from the Champlain Valley, especially strong in forms from the Chazy limestone. ZOOLOGY. A general synoptic collection of shells; a full series of the land and water shells of Vermont collected and arranged by Professor Adams; a mounted collection of the birds of Vermont; and a collection of marine invertebrates. BUILDING. The anthropological collections occupy rooms on the first floor of the chapel building, while the science collections are on the second floor of the Warner Science Hall. MONTPELIER: VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The librarian reports that the society maintains a museum on a small scale, but no further information has been received. VERMONT STATE MUSEUM. STAFF. Curator, George H. Perkins, who is also state geologist. ANTHROPOLOGY. Archeology, native, 280. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 100; Phanerogams, 1200; a set of native plants collected and mounted by Mr. C. G. Pringle. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 1300; Rocks, 700. The material in this department is chiefly from Vermont and includes a complete series of the rocks collected by the survey of 1856-60; also a nearly complete set of the marbles, slates, and granites of the state. 2Q2 . DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS PALEONTOLOGY. 2000 invertebrate, vertebrate, and plant fos- sils, including a mounted and nearly complete skeleton of Delphinap- terus vermontanus. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 1000; Insects, 1000, mostly in Denton mounts; Fishes, batrachians, and reptiles, 100; Birds, 380; Mammals, 60; Bird eggs, 720. Nearly all the species of birds and mammals of Ver- mont are represented in the collection. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An annual state appropriation of $500. BUILDING. The museum occupies rooms in the state house. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator. The accounts go to the auditor. SCOPE. Primarily the exhibition of Vermont collections for the instruction of the general public and the schools. ST. JOHNSBURY: THE FAIRBANKS MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCE. STAFF. Director, Delia I. Griffin; Curator, Mabel A. Shields; Assistant, Jessie M. Stevenson; Taxidermist, W. A. Balch; i janitor. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, 1113, foreign, 210; Ethnology, native, 184, foreign, 468. Civilized peoples, ancient, 338, modern, 416. There are two life-size ethnological groups. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 770; Phanerogams, 6285; Local herbaria, 598. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. Coffee, 14; Spices, 15; Buttons, 27; Cotton, 16; Cocoa, 6; Silk, 56; Roots, 21; Woods, 249; Gums, 39; Seeds, 396; Enemies of Atlantic coast shells, 88. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 1657; Rocks, 232; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 114; Special collections, lava and pumice, 107; Vermont minerals (just begun), 60. HISTORY. Colonial exhibit, 78; Old books and documents of the United States, 128; War relics, 40. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 107; Vertebrates, 18; Plants, 40; Special collections — fossils of Vermont and New York, 236, Brandon fossil fruits, 137. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 2611, in storage, 1607; Insects, 5482; Other invertebrates, 317; Fishes, 21; Batrachians, 12; Reptiles, 40; Birds, on exhibition, 1825, in storage, 287; Mammals, 129; Bird e£gs> 7775 Horns, 37 pairs; Heads, 4; Skeletons, 1 2 ; Parts of skeletons, 60. There are 7 large and 7 small groups of animals exhibited in natu- ral surroundings: among these are muskrats in summer and winter homes; moose in summer; buffalo; woodchucks; groups of opossums, flamingoes, and birds of paradise. • BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 293 OTHER DEPARTMENTS. Coins, 2000; Stamps, 2794; War enve- lopes, 696. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The Fairbanks Museum originated in natural history collections gathered during many years by Col. Frank- lin Fairbanks, who erected the building in 1890-91 and endowed the museum with a sum sufficient for its maintenance. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The sole support of the museum is the in- come from endowment. BUILDING. The building is of red sandstone with granite trim- mings, and provides 9604 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 1744 for offices, workrooms, etc. ADMINISTRATION. By a board of five t-ustees. SCOPE. Public school work, local collections, and instruction of the general public. About 200 lectures a year are given to classes from the public schools. Spring bird walks are conducted for classes of children, exhibits are loaned to the schools, and an annual prize bird contest is held. From April to October a flower table is maintained in the museum on which are exhibited specimens of all wild flowers from the vicinity. Occasional free public lectures are given by the members of the staff or by outside lecturers. Weekly articles on the work of the museum are published in the local newspapers. Special attention is given to local collections of plants, woods, minerals, insects, historical articles, and old china. LIBRARY. 835 volumes on science for the use of both staff and public. Books are loaned for circulation outside the library. PUBLICATIONS, (i) Outline course in nature study for the schools of Vermont, 1908. (2) Outline for the study of bird life, 1905. (3) Bird migration lists, 1907. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 12 and i to 5 and on Sundays from 2.30 to 5. Estimated attendance, 35,000 per year. ST. JOHNSBURY ATHENAEUM. This institution includes a public library, art gallery, lecture hall, and reading room, and is maintained by the income from endowment provided by the founder and his wife. The athenaeum was founded in 1870 by Horace Fairbanks, and the building was erected, equipped, and presented to the town by him in 1871. The art collection includes about 60 works of art — painting, marble, and bronze — and is open free to the public from 9 to 9, Wednesday evenings excepted. The princi- pal painting is Bierstadt's masterpiece, "The Domes of the Yosemite." 294 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS WESTFIELD: HITCHCOCK MEMORIAL MUSEUM. This museum is in charge of E. S. Miller, curator, and is housed in the public library building. It contains a general natural history collection, including several large groups of Vermont animals mounted in natural surroundings. VIRGINIA BLACKSBURG: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. The collections of the department of biology have been built up by Dr. Ellison A. Smyth Jr., head of the department. They were begun in 1891 with his private collection of shells and alcoholic in- vertebrates, bird eggs and skins, lepidoptera, alcoholic snakes, and dried invertebrates. About 70 birds were mounted, and Dr. Smyth's private herbarium of about 1000 species was added. Later, for con- venience and study, the butterflies to the number of about 30,000, and the bird skins to the number of about 1500, were removed to his house, thus escaping a fire which destroyed the Science Hall and the entire museum collection with the exception of a few mounted birds and alcoholic invertebrates. Since that time the department has been installed in the new building, and Dr. Smyth has by personal collecting in the tropics and elsewhere and by purchase more than re- placed the earlier collection of corals and shells. These with some alcoholic invertebrates, a few skeletons, the college collection of in- sects, and a case of mounted birds are now in the department lecture room, as is also the herbarium. A large room in the same building has been set apart for a museum, in which it is proposed that the de- partments of agronomy, veterinary and animal husbandry, horti- culture, and plant pathology will unite with the department of biology in establishing a museum. No special funds are available however for this purpose and whatever work is done upon the museum will be due to the personal interest of the teaching staff in these departments. CHARLOTTESVILLE : UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. Lewis Brooks Museum. This is a large brick building erected in 1879 through the munifi- cence of Lewis Brooks of Rochester, N. Y., and contains large collec- tions of minerals, rocks, and fossils for instruction in geology and min- eralogy, and extensive botanical and zoological collections for instruc- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 295 tion in biology. The number of specimens in the various depart- ments is not known. The lecture rooms, laboratories, and library are also contained in the museum building. EMORY: EMORY AND HENRY COLLEGE. The college has made a small beginning in the establishment of a museum of natural science. LEXINGTON: WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY. Museums. ART. Bradford Art Gallery. Bequeathed to the university by the late Vincent L. Bradford of Philadelphia, and endowed by him with an annuity sufficient for its maintenance and for annual addi- tions to the collection. It is situated on the second floor of the library building, around the central opening beneath the dome. Beside several pieces of marble statuary the gallery contains between 60 and 70 oil paintings. With this art gallery is deposited the Lee collection of American portraits in oil, loaned by the president emeritus, General G. W. Custis Lee. Most of these paintings hung at Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, from whom General Robert E. Lee inherited them. In addition, there is in the Lee Memorial Chapel a series of oil paintings, for the most part of benefactors of the uni- versity. SCIENCE. In connection with the laboratories of biology and geol- ogy there are study collections of minerals, rocks, and fossils, includ- ing the United States geological survey educational series of rocks, and the Batchen, Ruffner, and Brooks collections. The last includes four collections: (i) An extensive assortment of minerals, native and foreign, and specimens of many varieties of rock used for building and ornamental purposes. (2) A synoptic collection of fossil animals and plants. (3) A synoptic zoological collection of stuffed or dried ani- mals and mounted skeletons. (4) A herbarium of 5000 mounted specimens; a collection of 700 sections of wood; a portfolio of American trees; numerous models of flowers; and a series of botanical charts. The collections are in charge of the professors of related depart- ments; the science collections being in charge of H. D. Campbell, professor of geology and biology. 296 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS NORFOLK: ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 3 acres, estabHshed in 1901, containing 6 reptiles, 133 birds, and 48 mammals. RICHMOND: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND IMMIGRATION. Museum. This department maintains a museum in the capitol, comprising handsomely installed exhibits of the fmits, grains, etc., end the birds and animals of Virginia. The exhibit is open free to the public when- ever the capitol is open and the attendance is 35,000-50,000 a year. CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL LITERARY SOCIETY. This society maintains a museum of Confederate war relics in the " White House of the Confederacy." A room in this building is main- tained by each of the Confederate states in which are exhibited its war relics, in charge of a resident vice-regent. The formal opening of the building took place in 1896; the funds for restoration, fireproof- ing, and steam-heating having been raised by a memorial bazaar. The museum is open to the public on week-days from 9 to 5; admission is free on Saturdeys but on other days a fee of 25 cents is charged. R. E. LEE CAMP NO. 1 CONFEDERATE VETERANS. The camp has a gallery containing about 87 oil portraits of prom- inent soldiers of the Confederacy, including nearly every officer of the army of northern Virginia and many officers of the army of Ten- nessee. The collection is in charge of the camp, W. S. Archer, com- mander, and J. Taylor Stratton, adjutant. RICHMOND COLLEGE. A series of casts of celebrated statuary, paintings, objects of eth- nographical interest, etc., is installed in a hall affording about 4000 square feet of floor space. The collection is in charge of C. H. Ryland, curator, and is maintained from the general funds of the college. It is open to visitors as well as to the college. THE VALENTINE MUSEUM, (llth and Clay Sts.) ANTHROPOLOGY. The collections were made and presented by Granville G. Valentine, Benjamin B. Valentine, and Edward P. Val- entine, and consist chiefly of surface finds (pipes, ceremonial stones, discoidal stones, arrow and spear heads, etc.), and objects from the mounds of Virginia and North Carolina. There is also a collection of BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 297 Irish implements of the stone age and one of modern Cherokee and other pottery. ART. A collection of 1734 casts of Assyrian, Egyptian, Greek, Ro- man, renaissance and modern sculpture, was presented by Granville G. Valentine. There are also engravings, manuscripts, drawings, etc., and a large Brussels tapestry, The Sacrifice in the Temple, made by F. van den Hecke, early in the i7th century. This tapestry meas- ures 15 x 20 feet and is said to be the largest ever brought to this coun- try. There is also a similar smaller tapestry, Fortune distributing her Gifts. HISTORICAL SKETCH. Established for the purpose of preserving and accumulating objects of archeology, anthropology, and other arts, and for publishing literary, historical, and scientific papers, according to the provisions made by will of the late Mann S. Valentine, of Rich- mond. The museum was incorporated in 1894 and opened to the public in 1898. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The donor provided an endowment fund of $50,000 for the maintenance of the museum. A small income is derived from life memberships, door receipts, and the sale of catalogs. BUILDING. The collections are housed in the former residence of the donor of the museum, built in 1812 and having the original doors, silver knobs, locks, and hinges. ADMINISTRATION. By a self-perpetuating board of trustees of 10 members. LIBRARY. In 1898, at the opening of the museum, the collection of books contained 3300 volumes. ATTENDANCE. Open to the public on wee'k-days from 10 to 5.- An admission fee of 25 cents is charged, except on Saturdays. Tn the past two years and a half there have been 12,000 visitors. VIRGINIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society maintains a large gallery of portraits of Virginians and others; a small collection of historical relics; and a library containing also a valuable collection of manuscripts. W. G. Stanard, corres- ponding secretary. VIRGINIA STATE LIBRARY. (State Capitol.) The library has 8 pieces of sculpture; 50 prints and engravings; and 105 oil paintings, chiefly historical portraits. 298 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS WASHINGTON PULLMAN: STATE COLLEGE OF WASHINGTON. The college maintains a museum on the third floor of the science hall, in charge of W. T. Shaw, curator. The general collection occu- pies a large central room, while the departmental collections are in three smaller rooms. The museum comprises an excellent collection of minerals from the United States, New South Wales, Germany, and Mexico; an almost complete collection of the ores of the state of Washington; plaster casts of prehistoric implements; a herbarium com- prising 8o,ooo± phanerogams and pteridophytes, 5000=1= bryophytes, io,ooo± fungi, and 200± algae; the Misses Mary P. Olney collec- tion of shells; a nearly complete collection of Puget Sound mollusks; a large series of fossil shells from Canada; 200 ooo± insects; an excellent set of echinoderms and other invertebrates; and a large number of mounted fishes, birds, and mammals. The collection of Alaskan birds is especially notable, consisting of about no species obtained by the curator during two trips through southern Alaska, the Yukon country, and the Bering Sea region, and including a specimen of the Fisher petrel (/Estrelaia fisheri) which is the second known to science. The college appropriates $750-1000 a year for the general ma'ntenance of the museum. The collections are open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 4. SEATTLE: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON. State Museum. STAFF. Curator, F. S. Hall; i assistant and i janitor. ANTHROPOLOGY. Ethnology, native, 26,000+ , foreign, 600+ . This department includes the Stewart collection of many thousand Indian implements, weapons, baskets, etc., collected along the lower Columbia River and purchased for the museum at the close of the Lewis and Clark Exposition; an extensive Philippine collection; and the Emmons collection of about 1800 articles illustrating the life and habits of the Tlingit people of southeastern Alaska. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 1500 (10 types); Phanerogams, 10,000. There are also 400 jars of preserved fruits, nuts, vegetables, etc. of the state; 200+ economic grasses, seeds, etc., from Washington and Alaska; an exhibition series of 450+ mounted botanical specimens from Washington and Alaska; and an extensive forestry exhibit from Washington, Alaska, Hawaii, and the Philippines. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 299 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. Commercial material illustrating the lumber industry and timber products, fishing, clay products of the state, etc. EDUCATION. Examples of primary school work, 1000+ ; of gram- mar school work, 4900+ ; of high school work, 800+ ; of college work, 350. GEOGRAPHY. A large Alaska panorama, which is a composite of Alaskan scenery and is said to be the finest of the kind in the United States; 2 smaller cycloramas of scenes in the Yellowstone National Park; a small cyclorama of a hydraulic mining scene in Alaska; and about 20 paintings of Alaskan scenery. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 3800, in storage, 40 tons; Rocks, on exhibition, 500+ , in storage, 4 tons; Relief maps, models, etc., 20+ ; Clay products, building stones, etc., 500. This department includes the valuable Baker collection of 1000 minerals, and very com- plete sets of the rocks and minerals of Washington. HISTORY. A small collection of material pertaining to American history, especially of the Northwest and Alaska. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 5000, in storage, io,coo, types, 35; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 30; Plants, on exhibition, 200, in storage, 2000. This department includes the Henshaw col- lection of silurian fossils from the Ohio region, and a synoptic series of invertebrates from Ward. Among material not worked up is a series of marine invertebrates of western Washington, a complete collection of brackish-water invertebrates, and a collection of tertiary plants of western Washington. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 2000, in storage, 12,000; Insects, on exhibition, 1000, in storage, 30,000, types, 100; Other inverte- brates, on exhibition, 500, in storage, 10,000, types, 25; Fishes, on exhibition, 200, in storage, 1000; Batrachians,on exhibition, 12, in stor- age, 50+; Reptiles, on exhibition, 15+, in storage, 4000; Birds, on exhibition, 200, in storage, 8cc ; Mammals, on exhibition, 25, in storage, 30+. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The nucleus of the museum is a small eth- nological collection collected previous to 1880. To this was added in 1880 a series of fishes collected by Dr. Jordan. In 1883 this material was turned over to the Young Naturalist's Society which erected a building on the university campus and increased the museum. When the university moved to its present location other collections were secured and a curator appointed. In 1899 the state legislature created the State Museum and provided that it should be located at the uni- 300 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS versity, and that it should be the repository for all articles and speci- mens of a scientific or historical character. A general reorganization of the museum is now in progress. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Optional appropriations from the general funds of the university. BUILDINGS. The State Museum was erected in 1909 at a cost of $39,000 for the use of the Alaska- Yukon-Pacific Exposition. After the exposition it was given to the university and will house the anthro- pological and geological departments of the museum. It affords 32,000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 4500 for offices, etc. The Forestry Museum was erected by the state in 1909 at a cost of $80,000, and affords 26,000 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 1500 for offices, etc., for the forestry exhibit of the museum. This building also houses the school of forestry of the university. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the president and regents of the University of Washington. The curator is assisted by an advisory museum committee. SCOPE. Principally local and Alaskan collections. Increasing stress is laid upon university teaching, and plans for public instruction are under consideration. LIBRARY. A library ha s been recently begun, and comprises about 150 volumes and over 100 pamphlets intended for the use of the mu- seum staff. WASHINGTON STATE ART ASSOCIATION. Museum of Arts and Sciences. The Washington State Art Association was incorporated in 1906 for the founding and maintenance of schools of art and design, the formation and exhibition of collections of objects of art, and the exten- sion of the arts and design by any appropriate means. The galleries of the association are temporarily in the Carnegie Library building. The executive officer of the board of trustees is George L. Berg, secretary- director; J. Louis Charbneau is museum curator. Several hundred members have been enrolled, subscriptions to the building fund are progressing favorably, and plans for permanent or- ganization and installation are being developed. The collections now on hand are as follows: The Tozier collec- tion of Indian relics, valued at more than $40,000; the Standley col- lection of ivories and curios, valued at $10,000; the Moses collection of fossil ivories, old silver, miniatures, and jewelry; a pair of perfectly matched mastodon tusks from Alaska, valued at $1000; plaster casts from the Boston Sculpture Company, valued at $1000; a valuable BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 301 collection of old Roman pottery; fossil invertebrates from the Smith- sonian Institution; the Oliver mineral collection; the Cantwell col- lection of American birds; a collection of Hopi pottery; and consider- able other material now in storage. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 3 acres, established in 1901, containing 66 birds and 120 mammals. SPOKANE ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 10 acres, established in 1906, containing 57 birds and 39 mamma] s. TACOMA: FERRY MUSEUM. No reply has been received to repeated requests for information concerning this museum, which is said by Merrill to comprise 200 eth- nological specimens, 250 minerals, 150 fossils, and 50 zoological speci- mens in addition to small art and miscellaneous collections. TACOMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. No reply has been received to repeated requests for information regarding the museum of this academy, which is said by Merrill to comprise 1000 ethnological and 500 geological specimens. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of TO acres, established in 1897, containing 3 reptiles, 75 birds, and 63 mammals. WEST VIRGINIA MORGANTOWN: WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY. The secretary reports that the university does not maintain a mu- seum. It is said by Merrill to have collections comprising 500 anthro- pological specimens, 3000 botanical specimens, 1300 minerals, 2000 fossils, and a working collection in zoology. WISCONSIN APPLETON: LAWRENCE COLLEGE. David Walch Museum. STAFF. There is no salaried staff, the professor of biology, W. J. Brinckley, acting as curator. 302 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, 200, foreign, 50. Civilized peoples, ancient, 200, modern, 150. ART. Sculpture, Thorwaldsen's "Eve" and an Egyptian piece. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 1200; Phanerogams, 1800; Economic collections, 50. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 960, in storage, 1000; Rocks, 200. The collection of lead, zinc, iron, and copper specimens is par- ticularly good. The collection includes a duplicate set of the material gathered by the state geological survey of 1879 and some succeeding years. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, 600; Plants, 150. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 9560, in storage, 3ooo±; In- sects, 300; Other invertebrates, 300; Fishes, 20; Batrachians, 3; Rep- tiles, 30; Birds, 250; Mammals, 30. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Variable appropriations by the board of trustees of Lawrence College. BUILDING. The museum occupies 3720 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 800 for offices and workrooms, on the fourth floor of the Stephenson Science Hall. SCOPE. College teaching and public instruction. LIBRARY. 500 volumes intended for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS. A catalog is in preparation. ATTENDANCE. Free to the public on Thursdays during the school year. ASHLAND: ASHLAND PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The school board maintains a museum of natural history and art- icles of local historical interest, occupying about 768 square feet of floor space in the high school building. The museum is used for school work and for instruction of the general public. It is open free to the public on week-days from 8 to 6. BARABOO: SAUK COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The society was incorporated in 1905 for the purpose of studying and collecting material relating to the history of Sauk County. Spe- cial attention has been given to the archeology of the county, and the collection now comprises 1000 ± specimens. The historical collec- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 303 tions include 5oo± specimens in addition to a small collection of G. A. R. relics. There are also specimens of local stalactites and trilo- bites and no polished Unios. There is a library of 10 volumes relat- ing to local history. The society receives an annual appropriation of $200 from the county, in addition to th •» fees of members, which are 50 cents armuaUy. The museum is administered by an executive committee and is free to the public. No sta tistics of attendance are kept. The society has published a sketch of Abe Wood, first permanent settler of Bamboo, by H. E. Cole. BELOIT: BELOIT COLLEGE. Museums. ANTHROPOLOGY. Logan Museum of Archeology. This museum is in charge of Mr. George L. Collie and 3 student assistants. It derives its name from Mr. F. G. Logan who presented the Rust col- lection of material from Southern California and Arizona, the Perkins, Ellsworth, and Elkey collections of material chiefly from Wisconsin, and who also provided an endowment yielding an annual income of $700. The collection includes 6725 specimens of native archeology and 490 of foreign archeology. It is especially rich in copper and stone artifacts from Wisconsin. The Rust collection includes pueblo pot- tery, mortars, pestles, steatite bowls, etc. There are 180 ethnological specimens from the Dakota and Winnebago tribes. There is a good collection of Porno baskets, and a representative series of artifacts from Scandinavia, France, and Japan. The Logan Museum is housed in Memorial Hall, erected in 1869 by the college at a cost of $22,000 and providing 4500 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 600 for storage. The museum is administered by a curator, responsible to the board of trustees of Beloit College. It is open free to the pub- lic daily from 3 to 5 and 7 to 9. ART. The art museum includes 400 casts of antique and modern sculpture; 16,000 prints, engravings, and photographs; 75 oil paintings; 25 water colors and pastels; and quite a large collection of ceramics. The collection of Greek casts from the anthropological building at the Columbian Exposition is especially noteworthy. There is an art library of 2000 volumes, including valuable files of art journals. The museum is installed in Art Hall, .erected by the college at a cost of $5000 and providing 4500 square feet of exhibition space. It is in charge of Mrs. Helen B. Emerson, curator, and one assistant. The 304 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS collection is maintained by the income from the Eldridge fund of $10,000. BOTANY. The Ellis and Everhard collection of Peronosporaceae of the United States; 500 species of flowering plants of Wisconsin. GEOLOGY. Minerals, 650 specimens, particularly rich in quartz and calcite, mainly from Wisconsin; Rocks, 1200, including the Krantz series illustrating Rosenbusch's Manual; that by Sturtz illustrating typical massive rocks; one by Kuntze illustrating typical American localities; and 500 specimens illustrating the principle ores of Canada and the United States; dynamic geology, relief maps, topographic maps, folios, models, etc., 450. PALEONTOLOGY. 1200 invertebrate, 50 vertebrate, and 15 plant fossils. This collection is especially rich in fossils of the Trenton group obtained from a fine exposure at Beloit. The collection contains many type specimens from this locality. ZOOLOGY. The Willard collection of 1000 specimens representing the birds, and to a less extent, the mammals of Wisconsin; 200 species of bird eggs; and a large collection of shells now well labeled. OTHER COLLECTIONS. There is also a large collection of postage stamps. The collections in botany, geology, paleontology and zoology are housed in the corresponding departments in Science Hall, which was erected by the college at a cost of $82,000. DARLINGTON: LAFAYETTE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society has a collection including over 500 Indian implements , etc., war relics, antique furniture, portraits of old settlers, and other articles of historical interest. There is also a library of nearly 400 volumes on historical subjects. The society was organized in January, 1909, when it received an appropriation of $500 from the county. The collection is exhibited in the court house, and is maintained by member- ship fees. It is open free to the public on week-days from 8 to 6. GREEN BAY: KELLOGG PUBLIC LIBRARY. The library maintains a small museum collection which is intended to be installed in a basement room set apart for the purpose, as soon as the necessary funds are available for cases, etc. The collection in- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 305 eludes a small but choice series of Indian relics, chiefly local, and an art collection comprising 24 prints and engravings, 22 oil paintings, and 26 oriental rugs; also a very handsome Dutch marquetry cabinet of the i yth century. In geology there is a collection of agates. The exhibit is in charge of Deborah B. Martin, librarian. MADISON: STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM OF WISCONSIN. STAFF. Chief, Charles E. Brown. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, 10,- ooo±, foreign, 8oo± ; Ethnology, native, 25oo±, foreign, i5oo±. Civ- ilized peoples, ancient, 5oo±, modern, 3Ooo±. There are models of a pueblo and of a cliff dwelling, and the exhibition of ethnological groups is contemplated. ART. Reproductions of Greek art; a valuable collection of prints and engravings; a large collection of oil paintings; a. small collection of water colors; the Mrs. Charles Kendall Adams collection of cera- mics; and a collection of Brussels, Italian, and other laces. Special collections include etched engravings of architectural ruins in Rome and Tivoli by Giovanni Battista Piranesi; Arundel society reproduc- tions in color of European frescos; Medici reproductions; Japanese color prints; antique chairs, tables, chests, stands, bronzes, etc. ; and old-fashioned musical instruments. HISTORY. Reproduction of a New England colonial kitchen; a collection illustrating the period of the French, British, and American fur trade; a collection illustrating steamboating days on the upper Mississippi; a collection illustrating the military history of the state and nation, and including the war flags of the Wisconsin Civil and Span- ish war regiments; relics of Wisconsin territorial days; and a collec- tion of American and foreign coins, bank notes, medals, and medallions. Other collections are being developed. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The first organization of the society (1849- 53) maintained a small library, housed in a glass case on a table in the governor's office, but no museum. After 9 reorganization in 1854, portraits, specimens, and relics began slowly to come in and were designated as the cabinet and gallery in distinction from the library. In 1884 the society occupied quarters in the capitol and after 1886 the term museum was applied to the collection. In August, 1900, the society removed to the present state historical library building, the entire upper floor of which is devoted to museum purposes. The 306 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS museum has been fully organized as a department of the society with its own chief, only since 1908. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The society is now asking from the state an annual appropriation of $3500 for the maintenance of the museum and the prosecution of historical and anthropological research. BUILDING. Since 1900 the museum has occupied the entire upper floor of the state historical library building, including two large and six smaller halls, with adjoining office, storerooms, photographer's dark- room, carpenter shop, etc. Additional exhibition halls and a labor- atory are needed. ADMINISTRATION. By a chief, responsible to the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. SCOPE. The chief aim of the museum is popular education in anthropology, history, and art, with exploration and research in these subjects, especially in Wisconsin. Lectures are given in the museum to schools, University of Wisconsin classes, women's clubs, and the general public, by the chief, university professors, and others. Special exhibits illustrating anthropological and historical subjects are made from time to time. The Madison Art Association holds a number of special exhibits and lectures in the museum halls each year. The Wisconsin Archeological Society, the Wisconsin branch of the National Association of Audubon Societies, and the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters each occupy an office in the museum. The Museum Club holds meetings in the museum. PUBLICATIONS. Reports are made in the annual Proceedings of the State Historical Society and handbooks, catalogs, and circulars are issued by the museum. ATTENDANCE. The museum is open free to the public on week- days from 9 to 5, and occasionally on Sunday afternoons. The num- ber of visitors is from 60,000 to 80,000 a year. UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. The university maintains no formal museum but has extensive teaching collections in connection with its science departments. The more important features of these collections are as follows: The type fossils described in the volumes of the first geological survey of Wis- consin, deposited by the Wisconsin Academy; over 34,000 minerals; 27,000 rocks; a herbarium of 10,000 sheets of phanerogams and vas- cular cryptogams from outside the state, 4000 sheets from within the state, and 7000 labeled specimens of Musci. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 307 MILTON: MILTON COLLEGE. The college maintains teaching collections under the charge of A. R. Crandall, professor of biology, with special stress upon local col- lections. 4 MILWAUKEE: LAYTON ART GALLERY. The Layton Art Gallery was built by Mr. Frederick Layton at a cost of $115,000, and given an endowment of $100,000 the gallery being incorporated in 1888 for the purpose of maintaining a public art gallery. The collections include TO pieces of sculpture and. 183 paintings. There is a limited reference library for the use of both staff and public. Plain and illustrated catalogs have been published. The gallery is open free to the public three and one-half days a week; on two days an admission fee of 25 cents is charged. The number of visitors averages 30,000 a year. The museum is in charge of George Raab, curator, and Elizabeth Hillman, assistant. PUBLIC MUSEUM OF THE CITY OF MILWAUKEE. . STAFF. Director, Henry L. Ward; Curators, Samuel A. Barrett (anthropology), Sigmund Graenicher (invertebrate zoology), Carl Thai (books); Lecturer, Alfred C. Burrell; Guide-lecturer, Anton C. Katze-Miller; Chief taxidermist, George Shrosbree; Modeler, Herbert Clowes; Assistants, Hall C. Rhode (taxidermy), Richard Muttkowski (invertebrate zoology V; Clerk, William B. Brickner; i janitor, 3 guards, i messenger, 3 cleaning women, 2 engineers, and 4 firemen. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples : Archeology, native, i9,2oo±, foreign, 2890:!=; Ethnology, native, 3300^, foreign, 26oo±. Civilized peoples, ancient, 64C±, modern, 8975=!=. A collection of 962 Indian copper implements, mostly from Wisconsin, is considered one of the most important of its kind in the country. The collections of firearms, and of boots and shoes of all nations also rank high. One life-size ethnological group is on exhibition, one in storage, and others in preparation. This department includes much historical material and is now reorganizing for greatly increased activities, made possible by the recent passage of a law in the state legislature which levies a special tax of i of a mill and thus gives this department an income independent of that which supports the other departments of the mu- seum. This income is now being used for the erection of an addition to the building to provide space for this department. 308 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS BOTANY. Cryptogams, 2330; Phanerogams, 26,083. There is a fairly complete collection of mushrooms of the Milwaukee region. The phanerogamic herbaria consist of a Wisconsin collection and ? gen- eral systematic collection. There is a small collection of plant fibers. EDUCATIONAL COLLECTIONS. The museum has for loan to the schools, 10 collections of mounted lepidoptera, each containing 20 specimens; 61 mounted mammals; 696 mounted birds; 47 collections of minerals and rocks, each containing 40 specimens; 7 archeological collections, each containing 22 specimens. There are 1885 lantern slides for lectures delivered at the museum to school children. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 5324=1=, in storage, 2674=1= ; Rocks, on exhibition, 45o±, in storage, 5o=b; Dynamic geology, relief maps, models, etc., 181. The collections are strong in coppers and associated minerals, and there is a fair representative collection of the iron ores of the Michigan- Wisconsin region and a fair synoptic collection of meteorites . There is on deposit a very fine collection of coppers and associated minerals from the Lake Superior region. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 12,639=!:, in stor- age, 1710=1=, types and figured specimens, 28; Vertebrates, on exhibi- tion, 811, in storage, 35±, types and figured specimens, i; Plants, on exhibition, 244, in storage, 25=1=, types and figured specimens, 2. The collection includes a skeleton of Mastodon, skulls of Titanotherium, etc., casts of skeletons and restorations of Megatherium, Glyptodon, Plesiosaurus, Ichthyosaurus, etc. ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 2o,ooo±, in storage, 81,539=!=; Insects, on exhibition, 777, in storage, 73,428, types and figured speci- mens, 181; Other invertebrates, on exhibition, noo±, in storage, ii55±; Fishes, on exhibition, 300, in storage, 509; Batrachians, on exhibition, 46, in storage, 170=!=; Reptiles, on exhibition, 185, in stor- age, 962±; Birds, on exhibition, 3292, in storage, 6311; Mammals, on exhibition, 523, in storage, 1449. Other collections include prep- arations and series illustrating developmental stages, evolution by environment, artificial selection, protective coloration and form, mimicry, and individual variation ; enlarged models of insects ; examples of insect architecture; and a collection of Wisconsin pearls. Special attention has been given to insects, birds, and mammals. There are 8 large and 30 small groups of mammals, and 7 large and 55 small groups of birds exhibited in natural surroundings. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum had its beginning in 1882 in the acceptance by the city as a gift "in trust to be kept, supported and maintained by said city, as a free museum for the benefit and BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 309 use of all citizens of said city" of the collections of the Wisconsin Natural History Society. The formation of these collections was begun in or about 1857 by the Naturhistorischer Verein von Wis- consin, which was the earlier name of the natural history society. At the time of the transfer of these collections to the city they con- sisted of approximately 19,120 specimens and 270 books, maps, and charts. In 1883 purchase was made by subscription of 'a col- lection of about equal importance from Ward's Natural Science Establishment. These two collections were united and in May, 1884, the museum was thrown open to the public in rented quarters in the exposition building. In 1890 the site of the present building was purchased by the city and in 1896 the erection of the building for the accommodation of the museum and the public library was begun. The museum was moved to this building in July, 1898. In September, 1906, the Common Council resolved on the establish- ment of a. historical museum as a department of the public museum. To accommodate this an addition, covering approximately 19,000 square feet of ground and consisting of 4 stories and basement, was built in 1909. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. The museum receives a special tax of y of a mill on each dollar of the assessed valuation of all taxable property in Milwaukee. The historical department receives a separate tax of j of a mill. Milwaukee has a population of 370,000, and an as- sessed value of $232,227,790. The income from this source for 1909 amounted to $79,620.95. The city school board contributes $2500 a year for lectures to the school children. The only other source of income is occasional gifts for specific purposes. BUILDING. Erected in 1898 by the city at a cost of $150,000 for the site and $628,301 for building and furnishings. It accommo- dates both the public museum and the public library; the museum occupying 55 per cent of the building, with 39,600 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 7600 for offices, workrooms, etc. The addition of 1909 cost $300,000 and affords 51,120 square feet of exhibition room, 19,231 for offices, workrooms and storage, and 11,322 for lecture hall and smaller meeting rooms. ADMINISTRATION. By a board of trustees of which the director is the executive officer and ex-officio secretary. The board consists of nine members, viz: four citizens and three aldermen, appointed by the mayor, and the president of the board of school directors an$ the superintendent of schools ex-officio. All appointments to the staff are made by the board of trustees on recommendation of the director. 310 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS SCOPE. The primary purpose of the museum is the instruction of the general public. In this connection much is being done by a system of illustrated school lectures, of which there are three each day given by a special lecturer to classes from the public schools of the city. Each such lecture is followed with instruction by a special guide-lecturer in the exhibition halls. In this manner 27,364 scholars and teachers heard lectures and were shown exhibits pertaining to the subjects of the lectures during 1909. The school loan collec- tions are extensively used also, there being during 1909, 1066 loans to schools. The scientific staff carries on explorations and research, special attention being given to Wisconsin. Its activities in the field not only give opportunity for systematic research but enable the museum to greatly increase its collections in the most systematic and connected manner. The most extended investigations thus far carried on have been those in entomology. The staff is also called upon frequently to identify specimens for the public and for other museums. LIBRARY. The library consists of 15,204 books, pamphlets, and maps, relating to natural history and anthropology, intended for use of the staff primarily, but also open to the public. PUBLICATIONS. (i) Annual Reports; 27^ issued. (2) Bulletin of the Public Museum: this series is published at irregular intervals beginning in 1910. (3) Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society: the museum purchases a part of the issue of this publica- tion for distribution to its exchanges; 7 volumes of the new series have been issued. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public from 9 to 5.30, except Sundays, Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Years, when the hours are 1.30 to 5. Attendance for 1909, 514,866. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. The city maintains a zoological park of 10 acres, established in 1903, containing 2 reptiles, 103 birds, and 113 mammals. RACINE: RACINE PUBLIC LIBRARY. The library contains two collections of natural history specimens as follows: the Blake collection of minerals, butterflies, birds, and mammals; and the Dr. Hoy collection of about 600 birds and 100 bird nests found within a radius of 10 miles of Racine. These col- BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 31! lections are the property of the city but are in the care of the public library, where they occupy a room on the second floor and are open to the public on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Visitors from out- of-town are admitted at any time. The museum is used by teachers and school children for educational purposes. RIPON: RIPON COLLEGE. The college maintains teaching collections in connection with its departments of classics, biology, and geology. The archeological collection includes 250 Roman coins of the most important reigns of the empire; 50 terra cotta lamps illustrat- ing all the types; Etruscan, Greek, and Roman vases dating from 750 to about 300 B. c.; bronze fibulae, keys, letter stamps, bone stili, spoons, dice, etc.; several fine specimens of glass from Greece and Italy; inscribed amphora handles and numerous other articles con- nected with the daily life of the ancient Romans; and several thous- and carefully selected photographs and slides, illustrating Greek and Roman history, geography, and art. The mineral collection comprises about 2000 specimens, includ- ing the Barber collection; the New Orleans collection, from the New Orleans Exposition; the Armstrong collection; and the educational series of rocks distributed by the United States geological survey. The biological collections include a synoptic series of invertebrate and vertebrate animals, and the Congdon collection of bird eggs, obtained chiefly in Wisconsin and Canada. These collections are open free to the public whenever the college is in session. ST. FRANCIS: ST. FRANCIS SEMINARY. Salzmann Museum. The Salzmann Museum is the property of St. Francis Seminary, and is in charge of the professor of natural sciences, Rev. William Metzdorf. The primary purpose of the museum is college teaching, and the collections include 5000 Indian relics; 75 skulls; 800 coins, including 200 old Roman coins; 1500 specimens in botany; 2000 minerals, including especially fine agates and gold ores; 200 fossils; and a zoological collection comprising 500 shells, 15,000 insects, 50 other invertebrates, 5 fishes, 2 batrachians, 12 reptiles, 250 birds 312 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS with. 2 50 eggs and 25 nests, and 35 mammals. The museum is visited by about 1000 persons annually, exclusive of students. WYOMING LARAMIE: UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING. Museum. STAFF. Curator, W. H. Reed, who is also instructor in geology; Curator of the herbarium, Aven Nelson; Student assistants, S. How- land Knight, Eugene Willson. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 5000; Phanerogams, 60,000, including about 400 types and figured specimens. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 3000, in storage, 5000; Rocks, in storage, 800; Relief maps, models, etc., 2; Economic col- lections, a special exhibit of oils, mostly native to the state. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrates, on exhibition, 3000, in storage, 1000; Vertebrates, on exhibition, 12,000, in storage, 1000, types and figured specimens, 17; Plants, on exhibition, 300, types and figured specimens, 23. Important exhibits include an eocene camel, several skulls of Titanotherium and many limbs and parts of dinosaurs. Of the latter, a seventy foot specimen, described by Marsh as Moro- saurus grandis, is now being mounted. Since 1895 special attention has been paid to the collection of mesozoic reptiles, field work having been carried on during every succeeding summer, and the dinosaur collection is now one of the largest in America. Among mesozoic reptiles represented in the collection ere Morosaurus, Brontosaurm, Diplodocus, Ceratosaums, Aleosaurus, Laosaurus, Camptosaurus, Claosaurus, and types of Ceratodus americanus and robustus, Megal- neusaurm rex (type genus and species), Cimoliosaums laramiensis, and Plesiosaurus shirleyensis. Among other type material is Cyca- ddla, a new genus of fossil cycad with 21 species. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 4000; Insects, 5700; Fishes, 650; Batrachians, 16; Reptiles, 100; Birds, 780 skins representing the avian fauna of Wyoming; Mammals, 42. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum originated in 1888 and has specialized in mesozoic reptiles since 1895. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. By an optional appropriation from the state legislature through the university. BUILDING. Erected in 1900 at a cost of $40,000, appropriated by the state. Floor space available for exhibition, 3200 square feet; BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 313 for offices, workrooms, etc., 768. The building is four stories in height, the two lower floors only being used for the museum. ADMINISTRATION. By a curator, responsible to the president of the university. SCOPE. Exploration, research by the staff, and university teach- ing. LIBRARY. 150 volumes of reference works intended for use of the staff. ATTENDANCE. About 1000 per year. CANADA ALBERTA BANFF: ROCKY MOUNTAINS PARK MUSEUM. COLLECTIONS. Local herbaria comprising 82 cryptogams and 719 phanerogams; local geological, geographical, and topographical maps; 182 minerals and 125 rocks; about 75 fossils; 4000 insects, 418 birds, 37 mammals, and a few other zoological specimens; and ethnological material from local Indian tribes. This museum was begun in 1895 with a small collection of miner- als, plants, birds, and mammals, in a small wooden building of bunga- low style. In a few years the collections were removed to a combined museum and government office building where they have increased rapidly in extent. The space occupied for exhibition is 3128 square feet, and for offices and workrooms, 491. The museum is in charge of N. B. San son, curator, and is supported by grants from the domin- ion government which vary in amount. The collections are confined almost exclusively to local material. There is a small working library. The report of the curator is included in that of the commissioner of parks. The museum is open free to the public and the attendance for 1908 was over 9000. BRITISH COLUMBIA VANCOUVER: ART, HISTORICAL, AND SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. This association was organized in 1894 and undertook the forma- tion of a museum and library devoted to the natural history of Canada and especially of British Columbia. There are also small collections in fine arts and in local history. The museum is supported by a grant of $icoo annually from the city council, supplemented by membership fees of the association, and is in charge of H. J. de Forest, secretary and curator. VICTORIA: PROVINCIAL MUSEUM. STAFF. Curator, Francis Kermode; Assistant curator, Ernest M. Anderson; Assistant, Walter Behnsen; i janitor and attendant. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 315 ANTHROPOLOGY. About 2500 objects illustrating the life and cus- toms of the rative tribes of British Columbia. BOTANY. About 1000 marine algae and 2100 other botanical specimens. PALEONTOLOGY. A series of about 3500 fossils. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 5000; Insects, 3000; Other invertebrates, 245; Fishes, 300; Reptiles, 50; Birds, 2500; Mammals, 400; Bird' eggs, 1200; Osteological preparations, 150. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The museum was organized in 1886, pri- marily for the preservation of local ethnological material, and has grad- ually developed into a general museum. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. An annual grant of about $5500 is made by the legislature of British Columbia for salaries and miscellaneous ex- penses. BUILDING. The building is of stone and affords about i8,coo square feet of floor space for exhibition, in addition to workshops, storerooms, etc., in the basement. LIBRARY. About 450 bound books and over 2000 pamphlets re- lated to the work of the museum. PUBLICATIONS. Catalogs of local fauna and of museum collec- tions, six having been published since 1891. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on week-days from 9 to 5 and on Sundays, from May to September inclusive, from i to 5. In 1909 the number of visitors who signed the register was 34,640; this is estimated to represent about one-third of the attendance. NEW BRUNSWICK CHATHAM: MIRAMICHI NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION. Museum. STAFF. Curators, J. D. B. F. Mackenzie, A. Adams, W. M. Rob- ertson, P. Cox. ANTHROPOLOGY. A collection of native spears and arrowheads; textiles of Indian manufacture; musical instruments from West Africa ; kyack from Lapland; native carvings from Mexico, Java, and South America; boomerangs, fish spears, and war spears from Australia; bows, arrows, and spears from the New Hebrides; etc. ASTRONOMY. A three-inch telescope used in occasional lectures and classes. BOTANY. Cryptogams, 200; Phanerogams, 300. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. Cottons in various stages of manufac- ture. 316 DIRECTORY OF AMERICAN MUSEUMS GEOLOGY. 200 minerals, and a few rocks, geological maps, etc. HISTORY. Relics of the early French occupation. PALEONTOLOGY. A few invertebrate, vertebrate, and plant fossils. ZOOLOGY. Shells, 200; Insects, 1000; Other invertebrates, 100; Fishes, 200; Batrachians, 50; Reptiles, 50; Birds, 100; Mammals, 50. The insect collections include life-history groups of destructive insects. HISTORICAL SKETCH. The association was organized in 1897 for the purpose of collecting natural history material in the four northern counties of New Brunswick, and providing lectures and instruction for the general public and for school children and teachers. FINANCIAL SUPPORT. Fixed annual appropriations of $200 from the province and $50 from the county, supplemented by membership dues. BUILDING. The collections occupy 400 square feet of floor space for exhibition, and 200 for offices and workrooms, in a building erected by subscription in 1908 at a cost of $2300. LIBRARY. About 300 volumes on natural science intended for the use of both staff and public. PUBLICATIONS. The association issues Proceedings of which 5 have been issued to 1910. ATTENDANCE. Open free to the public on Tuesday evenings from January i to June i. FREDERICTON: BOARDMAN COLLECTION. (Parliament Building.) This collection was made by the late George A. Boardman and was the basis of " A catalog of the birds found in the vicinity of Calais, Maine, and about the islands of the Bay of Fundy " published by the Boston Society of Natural History in 1862. The collection also includes skins and mounted specimens of foreign birds, a series of Maine and New Brunswick bird eggs, a few casts of local fishes, etc. CROWN LANDS DEPARTMENT. (Parliament Building.) This department maintains a collection of the birds and larger mammals of New Brunswick. UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. The university maintains collections, primarily for teaching pur- poses, in charge of Philip Cox, curator. ARCHEOLOGY. Prehistoric implements of New Brunswick Indians. BOTANY. A number of herbaria of North American and local phanerogams and cryptogams. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 317 GEOLOGY. A general collection of rocks and minerals, with a spec- ial series of economic minerals from New Brunswick. PALEONTOLOGY. In addition to a general series of fossils, there are special collections representing all the celebrated localities in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. ZOOLOGY. Collections of marine invertebrates from the United States Fish Commission, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and the United States National Museum; a conchological collection; about 200 cataloged fishes from the United States Fish Commission; a series of reptiles from the Boston Society of Natural History; a collection of birds and bird eggs; and a small number of mounted mammals. ST. JOHN: NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. Museum. STAFF. Curator, William Mclntosh; Assistant, F. A. Hoyt. ANTHROPOLOGY. Uncivilized peoples: Archeology, native, 1734, foreign, 240; Ethnology, native, 196, foreign, 225. Civilized peoples, ancient, 175, modern, 149. A series of dwelling group models, one twenty-fourth natural size, to illustrate Indian, French, and Colonial periods of New Brunswick history, is in preparation. One of these representing a summer dwelling of Malecite Indians, has been com- pleted . BOTANY. Cryptogamic and phanerogamic herbaria, 8960. There is also a collection of New Brunswick woods, including cross and lon- gitudinal sections, photograph of the tree, map of distribution, and descriptive labels. GEOLOGY. Minerals, on exhibition, 635, in storage, 5420; Rocks, on exhibition, 254, in storage, 780. Special collections include ores of the more common metals, economic minerals, local collections, and the collection of the first Canadian government survey made by Dr. Abraham Gesner. PALEONTOLOGY. Invertebrate, vertebrate, and plant fossils, on exhibition, 532, study collection, 3441, in storage, 4252, types and fig- ured specimens, 100+ (chiefly insects and trilobites). ZOOLOGY. Shells, on exhibition, 1435, in storage, 5ooo±; Insects, on exhibition, 1248, in storage, i5,ooo±; Other invertebrates, on ex- hibition, 3