x= |: 1 3- ■ □ •- m ; ui i a !□ ■ r^ i D : rn i o ^ 1=1 DISCOVERY REPORTS '1 VOLUME XXI » CAMBRIDGE UNIFERSITT PRESS LONDON.- BENTLET HOUSE NEW rORK, TORONTO, BOMBAr CALCUTTA, MADRAS: MACMILLAN All rights reser'ved /3^/.// DISCOVERY REPORTS '^PcC Issued by the Discovery Committee Colonial Office, London on behalf of the Government of the Dependencies of the Falkland Islands VOLUME XXI CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1942 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WALTER LEWIS, M.A., AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE \N or r^- ■ , CONTENTS \^^'^' STATION LIST, 1931-1933 (published 31st January, 1941) Introduction P'^S^ 2 References 4 R.R.S. 'Discovery 11 ', Stations 701-1 184 6 Summarized List of Stations 226 Plates I-IV following page 226 A RARE PORPOISE OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC, PHOCAENA DIOPTRICA (LAHILLE, 1912) (published 3rd March, 1941) By J. E. Hamilton, D.Sc. External Appearance page 229 Skeleton 230 Skull 232 References 233 Plates V, VI following page 234 THE ECHIURIDAE, SIPUNCULIDAE AND PRIAPULIDAE COLLECTED BY THE SHIPS OF THE DISCOVERY COMMITTEE DURING THE YEARS 1926 to 1937 (published loth November, 1941) By A. C. Stephen, D.Sc. page 237 238 238 taken at each 238 243 Introduction . Acknowledgements List of the Species taken List of Stations with the Names of Species Bipolar Distribution Echiuridae SiPUNCULIDAE . Priapulidae Literature cited Plates VII, VIII 245 250 257 259 following page 260 PHYTOPLANKTON PERIODICITY IN ANTARCTIC SURFACE WATERS (published 29th October, 1942) By T, John Hart, D.Sc. Introduction page 263 Discussion of the Methods employed in relation to Recent Advances in Phytoplankton Technique Division of the Antarctic Zone into Biogeographical Regions and Areas , 276 279 _ f CONTENTS Ecological Grouping of the important Phytoplankton Species . Notes on the Species Itineraries of the Phytoplankton Observations during the Third, Commissions of the R.R.S. 'Discovery IF Description of the Observations obtained . Biological Features of Special Interest Discussion Summary Acknowledgements References Appendix Fourth AND Fifth page 281 . 286 295 307 322 329 340 344 345 348 [Discovery Reports. Vol. XXI, pp. 1-226, Plates I-IV, February, 1941.] DISCOVERY INVESTIGATIONS STATION LIST 1931-1933 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........... page 3 R.R.S. 'discovery 11', STATIONS 70 1-II 84 ...... 6 SUMMARIZED LIST OF STATIONS ........ 226 PLATES I-IV ......... following page 226 ■C^'^.x /^ -.0^'=' ' ^".x^^^' ^/\^- -S Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station moon (days) Depth [metres) a> c q5 Temp. °C. S7„ at pH P Nitrate -(- Nitrite N, Nitrite N= Si 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To Remarks 701 5 O _ 27-22 36-09 23-49 — — . — — TYFB 242-0 2129 2219 DGP. + 2 hours 6oo — 8-74 35-04 27-21 — — — — — 1-72 850 — 6-75 34-84 27-35 — — — — — 2-19 1 100 — 5-72 34-84 27-48 — — — — — 2-73 1350 — 5-15 34-93 27-62 — — — — 3-47 702 6 0 600 — 27-95 7-40 35-99 34-92 23-17 27-32 — z z z z 1-97 TYFB 236-0 2059 215I DGP 850 — 5-95 34-84 27-46 — — — — — 2-40 1 100 — 5-16 34-79 27-51 — — — — — 2-67 1350 — 4-46 34-90 27-68 — — — — — 4-17 703 7 0 — 28-45 34-38 2i-8o — — — — — — TYFB 358-0 2058 2148 DGP 600 — 7-43 34-76 27-19 — — — — — 1-79 850 — 5-49 34-65 27-36 — — — — — 2-45 1 1 00 — 4-76 — — — — — — — 3-16 704 9 0 — 27-73 35-71 23-04 — — — — — — TYFB 231-0 2058 2149 DGP 600 — 6-14 34-52 27-17 — — — — — 262 850 — 4-65 34-49 27-33 — — — — — 3-23 1 100 — 4-45 34-62 27-47 — — — — 3-58 705 lO 0 — 26-68 36-10 23-67 — — — — — — TYFB 150-0 2104 2155 DGP 600 — 5-50 34-54 27-28 — — — — — 3-00 800 — 4-55 34-54 27-39 — — — — — 3-17 1000 — 4-37 34-67 27-50 — — — — — 3-53 1200 — 4-37 34-79 27-60 — — — — — 3-77 706 1 1 0 — 26-04 36-38 24-08 — — — — — — TYFB 354-0 2058 2148 DGP 600 — 5-44 34-54 27-28 — — — ■ — — 3-00 900 — 4-10 34-53 27-43 — — — — — 3-62 1200 — 4-28 34-74 27-57 — — — — — 3-91 1500 — 4-20 34-97 27-77 — — — — — 4-89 707 12 0 — 26-28 36-29 23-94 — — — — — — TYFB 182-0 2106 2156 DGP 600 — S-96 34-54 27-22 — — — — — 2-47 goo — 4-07 34-54 27-44 — — — — — 3-50 1200 — 4-iS 34-80 27-64 — — — — — ■ 3-92 1500 — 4-16 34-98 27-78 — — — — — 4-84 708 13 0 600 — 26-16 4-95 3696 34-42 24-48 27-23 — — — — — 3-76 TYFB 208-0 2125 2215 DGP 900 — 4-00 34-46 27-38 — — — — — 3-62 1200 — 396 34-69 27-56 — — — — — 3-83 1500 — 4-07 34-90 27-72 — — — — — 4-59 709 14 0 — 2620 37-15 24-61 — — — — — — TYFB 216-0 2108 2158 DGP 600 — 5-54 34-41 27-16 — — — — — 4-21 900 — 3-71 34-41 27-37 — — — — — 4-06 1200 — 3-89 34-68 27-57 — — — — — 4-00 1500 — 4-10 34-88 27-70 — — — — — 4-49 710 i6 0 800 — 23-84 4-43 37-27 34-32 25-42 27-22 — — — — — 4-45 TYFB 294-0 2100 2150 DGP 1000 — 3-71 34-34 27-32 — — — — — 4-47 1200 — 3-30 34-48 27-47 — — — — — 4-13 1400 — 3-48 34-61 27-56 — — — — — 4-08 711 17 0 — 22-25 37-01 25-69 — — — — — — TYFB 290-0 2128 2219 DGP. + 3 hours 800 — 4-66 34-34 27-22 — — — — — 4-50 1200 — 3-29 34-56 27-53 — — — — — 3-88 1600 — 3-83 34-85 27-70 — — — — — 4-48 2000 — 351 34-96 27-82 — — — — — 5-00 712 i8 0 — 19-19 36-44 26-09 — — — — — — TYFB 224-0 2III 2201 DGP 800 — 4-61 34-24 27-14 — — • — — 5-00 1200 ~ 3-14 34-45 27-45 ~ 4-13 712—722 R.R.S. Discovery IT 712 cont. 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 Position 28°o2-i' S, 43° 09-5' W 31° 37-1' S, 45° 00' W 35° 09-5' S, 47° 00' W 38° 44-2' S, 49° 18-7' w 42°o8-8'S, 5i''35'W 44° 42' S, 53° 32-2' W 47° 27-2' S, 55° i°-2' W 54° 00' S, 60° 00' W 720 721 722 53° 58' S, 61° 10-5' W S3°58-5'S, 6i°S9-i'W 1931 28 X 29 X 30 X 31 X 3 XI 13 XI Hour 0545 13 XI 13 xi 53° 5S-8' S, 64° 14' W 14 XI Sounding (metres) 3703' 4840* 5306* 5715' 108* 1545 0145 141' 304" WIND 130 Direction ENE NExN WxN WNW wsw N WxN W Force (knots) 19-20 27-31 19 17 NW SEA Direction ENE NExN 4-6 WxN WNW WSW N WxN W Force NW Weather be be ord om o 1% 1022-8 I02I-S 1006-3 1003-2 985-1 978-8 IOO5-I IOO3-I 1004-3 be Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 19-4 17-3 10-6 10-6 4-3 4-6 6-4 6-3 Wet bulb 16-9 17-2 9-3 4-3 4-1 5-7 5-6 1004-0 6-1 Remarks mod. ENE swell mod. NE swell mod. eonf. NW swell mod. conf. swell heavy WSW swell heavy conf. WSW swell mod. conf. swell mod. conf. swell low NW swell 5-7 low NW swell R.R.S. Discovery II 712—722 Station Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 712 cont. 713 19 714 715 716 717 718 23 34 719 720 721 722 ~B i6oo 2000 o 8oo I20O i6oo 2000 o 8oo I 200 i6oo 2000 2400 o 600 1000 1400 1800 o 600 1000 1400 1800 o 800 1200 1600 o I 600 1000 1400 1800 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 1 00 150 200 o 10 20 Temp. ° C. 3-33 363 i8-88 472 3-06 3-09 339 17-55 436 2-82 2-78 299 2-95 1576 4-37 2-98 2-76 296 319 10-52 3-07 2-67 2-73 2-68 2-71 13-28 3-71 2-70 263 8-00 281 2-6o 2-59 2-87 5-41 5-12 4-93 4-84 4-82 4-74 4-74 4-73 4-72 s '/„, 5-42 5-°4 4-83 4-75 4-57 4-46 4-42 4-36 4-30 4-26 4-22 5-64 5-52 5-40 34-74 34-94 36-16 34-34 34-58 34-87 35-97 34-30 34-27 34-58 34-84 34-85 34-29 34-24 34-24 34-45 34-63 34-81 34-31 34-17 34-34 34-56 34-68 34-78 35-50 34-27 34-30 34-34 34-65 34-17 34-42 34-60 34-79 34-06 34-06 34-06 34-06 34-06 34-06 34-06 34-06 34-06 34-12 34-12 34-12 34-12 34-12 34-12 34-12 34-12 34-12 34-12 34-12 33-79 33-81 33-8r 27-67 27-80 25-95 27-21 27-57 27-76 2614 27-21 27-34 27-59 27-78 27-79 25-27 27-17 27-30 27-49 27-62 27-74 2634 27-24 27-42 27-58 27-68 27-76 26-74 27-26 27-37 27-42 27-01 27-26 27-47 27-62 27-75 26-90 26-94 2696 26-97 26-97 26-98 26-98 26-98 26-98 pH Mg. — atom m.^ Nitrate Nitrite Ns Nitrite N, 26-95 27-00 27-02 27-03 27-05 27-06 27-07 27-07 27-08 27-08 27-09 26-67 26-70 26-71 •19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -19 -18 -18 -18 8-20 8-20 8-20 8-20 8-20 8-20 8-20 8-19 8-19 8-19 8-19 8-25 8-25 8-25 o. c.c. litre BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 4-26 5-06 4-99 4-01 4-85 5-17 4-84 3-86 4-47 4-57 5-57 4-94 4*22 4-07 4-73 5-64 4-69 3-97 4-21 4-57 5-68 5-02 4-83 5-58 4-85 4-20 4-64 6-84 6-89 6-87 689 6-8i 6-81 6-77 TYFB Depth (metres) TIME TYFB 246- TYFB TYFB 2122 2125 Remarks 2212 DGP 2214 230-0 TYFB TYFB N50 V N70B N 100 B DC 2135 2135 2225 DGP DGP 2225 DGP 262-0 DC N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N50 V N70B N 100 B 90-0 I 109-0 108 2113 2128 0550 0641 0714 2203 2218 0557 0701 0718 DGP. +4 hours DGP KT 141 1 00-0 125-0 I 250-144 90-0 1550 1700 1700 0200 0244 1225 1558 1720 1732 0205 0302 KT DGP KT 722—727 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 722 cont. 723 Position 53° 55-8' S, 64° 14' W 53° 56-5' S, 66° OS' W 724 725 726 Fortescue Bay, Magellan Strait 53° 23'6' S, 74° 57-8' W Date 1 93 I 14 xi 14 XI SS°os-4'S, 75°oo-i'W 727 16 xi 17 XI 2030 Soxinding (metres) 91' WIND Direction 0900 S6°I3-4'S, 75°07-3'W i960* 4281* 4287* NW ssw WxN Force (knots) WxN WxS SEA Direction 14 17 NW SSW WxN WxN WxS Weather be og 1003-5 10050 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 1018-7 6-0 6-9 Wet bulb 6-9 44 60 Remarks low NW swell no swell heavy WSW swell 6-9 1010-9 60 6-4 mod. WSW swell 5-5 mod. WxS swell 10 R.R.S. Discovery 11 722—727 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station Remarks moon (days) Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S °/„o at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N, Si 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To x^VflAiaA rfco ■S N. 722 4 30 _ 5 -40 33-81 26-71 8-25 cont. 40 5° 60 80 100 — S-38 S-37 S-36 5-35 S-35 33-81 33-81 33-81 33-81 33-81 26-71 26-71 26-71 26-72 2672 8-25 8-25 8-25 8-25 8-24 723 4 0 — 6-30 33-04 25-99 8-23 — — — 664 N50V 80-0 1023 1030 10 20 — 6-26 6-24 33-04 33-04 26-00 2600 8-23 8-23 z — — 6-68 N70B N 100 B I 79-0 1100 1112 KT 30 — 6-24 33-04 26-00 8-23 40 — 6-24 33-04 26-00 8-23 — — — 623 SO — 6-24 33-04 26-00 8-23 60 — 6-24 33-04 26-00 8-23 — ■ — — 6-41 80 — 6-22 33-04 26-00 8-23 — — — 6-55 724 8 — — — — — — — — — — — NS o-S — — Two hauls 725 8 0 684 33-94 2663 8-20 _ 6-49 N50 V 1 00-0 2003 2012 + 5 hours 10 — 6-84 33-95 26-63 8-20 — — — — N70B I 150-0 2146 2205 Estimated depth 20 — 6-72 33-96 26-66 8-20 — — — 6-4S N 100 B 30 — 6-S4 33-96 2668 8-21 — — — — — N70B j 250-196 2146 2220 DGP 40 — 6-46 33-96 2670 8-20 — — — 6-45 N 100 B SO — 6-32 33-99 26-74 8-20 60 — 5-95 3404 2682 8-20 — — — 640 80 — 5-81 34-05 26-85 8-20 100 — S-S7 34-06 26-89 8-21 — — — 6-88 150 — 5-32 34-07 26-92 8-21 — — — 6-47 200 — s-ii 34-14 27-01 817 — — — 6-25 290 — 4-92 34-22 27-08 8-18 — — — 630 390 — 4-94 34-23 27-10 818 — — — 6-13 s8o — 4-61 34-23 27-13 8-12 — — S-9S 780 — 4-17 34-25 2719 8-i8 — ■ — — S-3I 970 — 3-61 34-35 27-34 8-15 — — — 4-50 1460 — 2-65 34-38 27-45 8-18 — — — 4-63 1750 1746 2-28 34-60 27-65 8-23 — — — 3-10 726 9 0 7-01 33-72 26-44 8-28 — — — 6-94 N50 V 1 00-0 093s 0942 10 — 6-9S 33-72 26-44 8-28 — — — — — N70B \ 108-0 I213 1233 KT 20 — 6-27 33-85 2663 8-27 — — — 650 N 100 B 30 — S-82 33-98 26-80 8-23 — — — — — N70B 270-190 1213 1246 DGP 40 — S-76 34-02 26-83 8-19 — — — 6-34 N 100 B 1 1 V SO — 5-71 3404 26-85 8-20 60 — 5-65 34-05 2687 8-20 — — — 630 80 — 560 34-05 2687 8-20 — — — 624 100 — 5-52 34-09 26-91 8-19 — — — 6-04 ISO — s-is 34-14 27-00 8-20 — — — 618 200 — 5 09 34-16 2702 8-20 — — — 6-10 300 — S-04 3423 27-09 8-20 — — — 6-00 400 — 4-89 34-23 27-10 8-20 — — — 6-o8 600 — 4-47 3418 27-11 — — — — S-41 800 — 3-9S 34-14 27-14 — — — — 5-27 1000 987 3-34 34-33 27-33 — — — — 4-23 1500 — 2-58 2000 — 2-18 34-64 27-69 2500 — 1-94 3000 — 1-78 3500 — 1-24 — — 8-31 — — — 409 4000 4025 0-92 3470 27-84 831 — — — 401 727 9 0 — S-91 34-03 26-82 8-20 — — — 6-79 N50 V 100-0 2005 2010 10 — 5-91 34-03 26-82 8-20 — — — — N70B 1 124-0 2250 23II KT 20 — 5-81 34-04 26-84 8-20 — — — 6-69 N 100 B 30 — 5-31 34-13 26-97 8-21 — — — — N 70 B 1 310-170 2250 2323 DGP ■ 40 — 5-23 34-14 27-00 8-21 — — — 6-65 N 100 B 50 — 5-15 34-14 27-00 8-21 II 727—730 R.R.S. Discovery II 727 cotit. 728 Position 56= 13-4' S, 75° 07-3' W 57° 39-2' S, 75" o8-5' W 729 730 58° 26-7' S, 75° 07-2' W Date I93I 18 xi 19 XI 19 XI 20 xi 59° 367' S, 75° 05-3' W 0900 1200 2000 0040 Sounding (metres) 4726* 4479* 0900 4819* WIND Direction w WxN WxS WxS W Force (knots) 21 25 24 20 18 SEA Direction w WxN Force WxS WxS W Weathe o oe 4 onie £ i2 o n 0:3 ioi8-6 1019-3 Air Temp. ° C, Dry bulb 5-5 6-3 1016-3 1017-7 Wet bulb 4-9 5-6 5-0 49 1014-1 Remarks mod. WSW swell heavy W swell 4-5 4-4 4-2 heavy WSW swell heavy WSW swell 4-1 heavy conf. W swell 12 R.R.S. Discovery II 727—730 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ^ u Mg. — atom m." TIME Station moon -S'l Oi c.c. litre Remarks (days) ( Depth metres) ~ 0 Temp. s "/,„ at pH P Nitrate 4- Nitrite Nj Sitrite N, Si Gear Depth (metres) From To 727 9 6o 5 -OS 34-14 27-02 8-20 — 6-56 cont. So lOO 15° — 5-00 4-99 4-98 34-14 34-14 34-20 27-02 27-02 27-06 8-21 8-19 8-19 — — — — 6-50 6-42 20O — 4-91 34-20 27-07 8-18 — — — 6-34 300 — 4-84 34-22 27-09 8-18 — — — 6-30 400 — 4-81 34-22 27-09 8-19 — — — 6-29 600 — 4-55 34-22 27-12 8-19 — — — 6-07 800 — 4-IO 34-23 27-19 8-14 — — — 5-10 1000 — 3-47 34-31 27-31 8-II — — — 4-51 1500 — 2-62 34-43 27-49 8-10 — — — 3-92 2000 — 2-20 2500 — 2-17 34-54 27-62 8-21 3000 — 1-76 3500 — I-3S 34-70 27-81 4000 — 0-92 34-70 27-84 8-28 ~ "" 3-90 728 lO 0 — 5-22 34-21 27-05 S-16 — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 0900 0910 10 — 5-22 34-21 27-05 8-16 — — — — N 70 B 1 l6o-<3? 1341 1357 KT 20 — 5-22 34-21 27-05 8-i6 — — — 6-57 N 100 B 1 30 40 z 5-20 5-05 34-21 34-21 27-05 27-06 8-16 S-17 — - 6-56 N70B N 100 B ,- 400-300? 1341 1410 DGP SO — 4-98 34-21 27-07 8-17 60 — ■ 4-93 34-21 27-08 8-17 — — — 6-59 80 — 4-90 34-21 27-08 8-17 100 — 4-85 34-22 27-09 8-17 — — — 5-85 " 150 — 4-80 34-22 27-09 8-18 — — — 6-47 200 — 4-79 34-22 27-09 8-18 — — — 6-47 300 — 4-72 34-21 27-10 8-17 — — — 6-41 400 — 4-54 34-20 27-11 8-17 — — — 6-34 600 — 4-28 34-20 27-14 8-23 — — 6-32 800 — 3-98 34-20 27-17 8-16 — — 5-43 990 — 3-34 34-25 27-28 8-17 — — — 4-57 1490 — 2-57 34-32 27-40 8-12 — — — 3-82 1990 — 2-23 34-66 27-70 8-09 — — — 3-62 2480 — 1-94 34-71 27-77 8-21 — — — 3-49 2980 — 1-63 34-72 27-80 8-22 — — — 3-83 3480 — 1-31 34-71 27-82 8-22 — — — 3-94 3970 — 0-92 — — 8-22 — — 4-59 4470 4474 0-61 — — 8-23 — " 4-63 729 lO 0 4-61 34-22 27-11 8-18 — — 6-58 N50 V 1 00-0 2005 2014 10 20 — 461 4-61 34-22 34-22 27-11 27-11 8-18 8-18 — — 6-64 N 70B N 100 B |- 102-0 2306 2325 KT 30 4-61 34-22 27-11 8-18 — — — N 100 B 256-194 2306 2337 DGP 40 — 4-61 34-22 27-11 8-i8 — — — — 6-64 N70B 358-174 0001 0031 DGP 5° — 4-61 34-22 27-11 8-i8 60 — 4-60 34-22 27-12 8-17 — — 6-63 80 — 4-44 34-22 27-13 8-17 100 — 4-24 34-21 27-15 8-iS — — 6-56 150 — 4-21 34-20 27-15 8-18 — — 6-50 200 — 4-02 34-19 27-17 8-18 — 6-34 300 — 3-48 34-15 27-19 8-14 — — 6-27 400 — 3-15 34-14 27-21 8-is — — 667 600 — 2-85 34-15 27-25 8-15 — — 5-89 800 — • 309 34-34 27-38 8-o8 — — — 4-52 1000 — 2-86 34-39 27-44 8-09 — — 4-32 1500 — 2-34 34-60 27-64 804 — — 3-70 2000 — 2-12 34-70 27-75 8-i8 — — 3-73 2500 — 1-78 34-71 27-79 8-11 — — 3-6i 3000 — 1-50 34-70 27-80 8-24 — — 3-96 3500 — I-I2 34-70 27-82 8-27 — — 3-97 4000 4001 0-78 34-69 27-83 8-26 — — 4-01 730 1 1 0 3-24 34-14 27-21 8-14 — — — 6-77 Nso V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 0905 0914 10 20 — 3-23 3-23 34-14 34-14 27-21 27-21 8-15 8-15 — — — — 6-77 }■ 73-0 1203 1223 KT 13 730—732 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Date Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Ere Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 730 coiit. 59° 36-7' S, 75° 05-3' W 1931 20 xi 731 60° 35-8' S, 75^ 03-7' W 4643* wsw 732 6i°58'S, 75°oi-5'W 0900 4572" WSW 13 wsw ofe 1012-7 2-5 2-5 mod. wsw swell WSW 1013-9 heavy conf. WSW swell 14 R,R.S. Discovery II 730—732 m- HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Age of Mg. — atom m.^ TIME moon Si ^ - 0, c.c. litre Remarks Station (days) * ( Depth metres) •si a E Temp. s°/„ at pH P titrate + Nitrite Nitrite N2 N, Si Gear Depth (metres) From To 730 cont. II 3° 40 SO — 3-23 3-22 3-02 34-14 34-14 34-14 27-21 27-21 27-23 8-15 8-15 8-15 — — — — 6-76 N70B N 100 B r 250-170 1203 1235 DGP - 6o — 2-89 34-14 27-24 8-15 — — — — 6-86 8o — 2-79 34-14 27-25 8-15 lOO — 2-82 34-14 27-24 8-15 — — — 6-61 ISO — 2-67 34-13 27-24 8-15 — — — — 640 200 — 2-42 34-13 27-26 8-17 — — — — 6-47 300 — 2-42 34-H 27-28 8-11 — — — — 6-00 390 — 2-42 34-19 27-32 8-08 — — — — 5-48 590 — 2-37 34-32 27-42 8-07 — — — ■ — 4-56 780 — 2-44 34-4S 27-51 8-07 — — — — 3-91 980 — 2-36 34-54 27-60 8-05 — — — — 3-80 1470 1477 2-13 34-67 27-72 8-08 — — — 3-68 i960 — i-8i 34-71 27-78 8-12 — — — — 3-90 2420 — i-Si 34-72 27-81 8-17 — — — — 3-94 2910 — 1-21 34-71 27-83 8-17 — — — — 4-05 3390 — 0-92 34-70 27-84 8-18 — — — — 4-15 3880 — 0-67 34-69 27-83 8-24 — — — — 4-24 4360 4364 0-52 34-69 27-84 8-24 — — — — 4-09 731 II 0 — 1-81 33-96 27-18 8-14 — — — — 7-14 N50 V 1 00-0 2005 2012 10 — 1-81 34-04 27-24 8-14 — — — — — N70B j- 62-0 2318 2338 KT 20 — 1-83 34-04 27-23 8-14 — — — — 7-14 N 100 B 30 40 z 1-92 1-98 34-05 34-08 27-24 27-26 8-14 8-14 z — — — 7-09 N 70 B N 100 B 1 246-170 2318 2349 DGP SO — 1-97 34-o8 27-26 8-14 60 — 1-64 34-09 27-29 8-14 — — — — 7-00 80 — 1-52 34-07 27-28 8-14 100 — 131 34-05 27-28 8-14 — — — — 7-03 150 — 0-96 34-04 27-29 8-iS — — — — 7-15 200 — 0-97 34-07 27-32 8-14 — — — — 6-84 300 — 1-73 34-22 27-38 8-04 — — — — 5-63 400 — 1-94 34-30 27-44 8-00 — — — — 4-96 600 — 2-23 34-43 27-52 8-os — — — — 4-03 800 — 2-23 34-52 27-59 8-05 — — — — 3-82 1000 99S 2-23 34-61 27-67 8-os — — — — 3-62 1500 — 1-97 34-70 27-76 809 — — — — 3-94 2000 — i-6i 34-71 27-80 8-09 — — — — 4-05 2500 — 1-29 34-72 27-82 8-16 — — — — 4-00 3000 — i-oo 34-71 27-84 8-25 — — — — 4-22 3500 — 0-70 34-70 27-85 8-21 — ■ — — — 4-22 4000 — 0-50 34-69 27-84 8-21 — — — — 4-26 4500 — 0-46 34-69 27-84 8-21 — — — 4-12 732 12 0 — 1-66 34-04 27-25 8-IS — — — — 7-23 N50V 1 00-0 1 80-0 0910 0920 10 — i-6i 34-04 27-25 8-15 — — — — — N 70 B 1159 I2I9 KT 20 — 1-61 34-04 27-25 8-15 — — — — 7-18 N 100 B 30 — 1-61 34-04 27-25 8-15 — — — — N 70 B NiooB 1 278-170 II59 1229 DGP 40 — I -60 34-04 27-25 8-iS — — — — 7-20 SO — I-S4 34-04 27-26 8-15 60 — i-Si 34-04 27-26 8-iS — — — — 7-18 80 — 1-56 34-04 27-25 8-15 100 — I-I7 34-04 27-28 8-16 — — — — 7-02 ISO — 1-09 34-05 27-30 8-15 — — — — 6-84 200 — 1-74 34-14 27-33 8-08 — — — — S-98 300 — i-SS 34-21 27-39 8-os — — — — S-78 , 400 — 2-13 3433 27-44 8-00 — — — — 4-81 600 — 236 34-43 27-51 7-99 — — — — 4-1 1 800 — 2-31 34-52 27-58 8-03 — — — — 3-82 1000 990 2-23 34-60 27-65 8-00 — — — — 3-84 1500 — I 99 34-70 27-76 8-01 — — — — 3-93 2000 — 1-64 34-71 27-80 8-11 — — — — 3-91 2500 — 1-21 34-70 27-82 8-16 — — — — 4-06 3000 — I-OI 34-70 27-83 8-16 — — — — 4-23 3SOO — 0-73 34-70 27-85 8-22 — — — 4-22 4000 — 0-51 34-69 27-84 8-18 ~ — 4-20 15 733—736 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Static 733 Position 62° 567' S, 75° 02' w 734 64° 14' S, 74° S9-2' W 735 736 63° 55' S, 73° 28-8' W Date 1931 21 xi 22 xi Hour 2000 0010 63°oo-8' S, 72° 13-5' W Sounding (metres) 4336* WIND Direction wsw w 0900 23 XI 3934* SE 3879* 0900 4082* SSE Force (knots) SEA Direction wsw w SE Force SSE I Weathe om o Ere 0 = 1012-9 IOIO-8 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb -2-3 ■0-5 Wet bulb Remarlis b lOI 1-2 — I'7 bm -2-5 -0-7 mod. W swell mod. W swell IOIO-8 — i-i mod. W swell mod. W X N swell -1-7 low NW X W swell 16 R.R.S. Discovery II 733—736 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ■v Mg. — atom m.^ TIME R^rmarlfe station moon (days) Depth it Temp. Nitrate 0, Gear Depth ix^lllclt na metres) as 4 °C. S°/oc at pH P Nitrite N, .Nitrite N, Si c.c. litre (metres) From To 733 12 O I -07 33-94 27-21 8-16 _ 7-31 N50V 1 00-0 2006 2013 lO — I 06 33-94 27-21 8-16 — — — — N70B N 100 B r 84-0 223s 2255 KT 20 — I 05 33-94 27-21 8-16 — — — 7-29 .1 3° 40 — I 02 II I 33-95 3396 27-22 27-23 8-16 8-16 Z — 7-28 N70B N 100 B 260-148 260-0 I2235 2308 DGP 50 — 1-43 34-OI 27-24 8-16 — — — — N 100 B 300-140 2334 0005 DGP . 60 — 1-44 34-°i 27-24 8-16 — — — 7-II 80 — 1-76 34-08 27-28 8-14 100 — 1-54 34-08 27-30 8-14 — — — 6-85 150 — 1-70 34-09 27-28 8-10 — — — 6-39 200 — 162 34-14 27-34 8-06 — — — 6-01 300 — 1-72 34-20 27-37 8-02 — — — 5-42 400 — 201 34-34 27-47 7-96 — — — 4-66 600 — 2-32 34-45 27-52 7-98 — — — 3-95 800 — 2-29 34-55 27-62 8-02 — — — 3-86 1000 997 2-22 34-62 27-68 8-02 — — — 3-66 1490 — 1-93 34-69 27-74 8-04 — — — 3-95 1990 — I-S7 34-71 27-80 8-14 — — — 3-76 2490 — 1-23 34-71 27-83 8-19 — — — 4-16 2990 — 093 34-70 27-84 8-19 — — — 3-88 3480 — 0-66 34-69 27-83 8-18 — — 4-24 3980 3981 0-50 34-68 27-84 8-12 — — — 4-25 734 13 0 -1-39 33-82 27-23 8-16 — — — 7-58 N50 V 1 00-0 0918 0924 10 — -I -45 33-82 27-24 8-16 — — — — N70B /■ 104-0 I 147 1208 KT 20 — -1-50 33-82 27-24 8-16 — — — 7-60 N 100 B 30 — -1-52 33-82 27-24 8-16 — — — — N70B 1 314-184 I 147 I219 DGP 40 — — I -60 33-83 27-25 8-16 — — — 7-56 N 100 B 50 — -1-66 33-83 27-25 8-16 60 — -1-75 33-94 27-33 8-15 — — — 7-42 80 — -167 33-97 27-36 8-14 100 — — I -00 34-11 27-45 8-08 — — — 6-49 150 — 067 34-27 27-50 8-00 — — — 5-22 200 — I 29 34-38 27-55 7-96 — — — 4-62 300 — 1-82 34-53 27-63 7-94 — — — 4-03 400 — 2-14 34-6o 27-66 7-94 — — — 3-86 600 — 2-02 34-67 27-73 8-08 — — — 3-90 800 — 1-92 34-68 27-74 8-14 — — — 3-92 1000 — 1-79 34-69 27-75 8-09 — — — 3-70 1500 — 1-43 34-70 27-80 8-13 — — — 4-08 2000 — I-I2 34-69 27-80 8-19 — — — 4-10 2500 — 0-82 34-69 27-82 8-20 — — — 4-15 735 13 0 — -1-39 33-84 27-24 8-16 — — — 7-58 N50 V 1 00-0 2000 2012 10 — -1-55 33-85 27-26 8-16 — — — N 70 B !• 62-0 2150 2210 KT 20 — -1-68 33-86 27-26 8-16 — — — 7-58 N 100 B 1 30 — -1-63 33-86 27-26 8-16 — — — N70B !■ 216-168 2150 2223 DGP 40 — -1-70 33-86 27-26 8-17 — — — 7-56 N 100 B 50 — -1-73 33-86 27-26 8-17 60 — -i-8o 34-OI 27-40 8-17 — — — 7-36 80 — — I -60 3410 27-46 8-13 100 — -0-99 34-14 27-48 8-07 — — — 6-41 ISO — 0-70 34-32 27-54 7-99 — — — 5-10 200 — 1-38 34-42 27-57 7-95 — — — 4-47 300 — i-8i 34-56 27-65 7-94 — — — 3-97 400 — 1-94 34-61 27-69 7-94 — — — 3-82 600 — 1-99 3467 27-73 8-06 — — — 3-87 800 — 1-89 34-70 27-77 8-13 — — — 3-84 1000 — 1-77 34-71 27-79 8-08 — — — 3-87 1500 — 1-43 34-71 27-81 8-12 — — — 4-04 2000 — i-ii 34-70 27-82 8-13 — — — 4-II 2500 — 079 34-70 27-84 8-14 — — — 4-20 3000 — 056 34-69 27-84 8-20 — — — 4-22 b 3SOO 3497 0-43 34-68 27-85 8-10 — 4-33 736 14 0 — 0-96 33-86 27-24 8-18 — — — 7-78 N50 V 1 00-0 0905 091 1 10 — — 1-40 33-87 27-27 8-18 — — — — N 70 B / lOO-O 1042 I 102 KT 20 — -1-53 33-87 27-28 8-18 — — — 7-74 N 100 B 1 17 736—739 R.R.S. Discovery II 736 cont. 737 738 739 Position 63° 00-8' S, 72° 13-5' W 62"^ 47-S' S, 69° 24-8' W 61° 49-7' S, 66° 53' W 6i° 25-9'S, 64° 32' W Date 1931 23 xi 23 XI 24 XI 24 XI Hour 0900 Sounding (metres) 4343'" 3917* 3348* WIND Direction NNW NNW NWxW Force (knots) 14 SEA Direction NNW NNW NWxW Weather be ofed Sr9 0:=! SB 1009-2 1007-8 1006-4 Air Temp. ^ C Dry- bulb -0-4 2-3 Wet bulb 1-4 Remarks low NW swell low NW swell low NW swell 18 R.R.S. Discovery II 736—739 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS t. Mg. — atom m.^ 1 TIME Station Age of moon (days) Depth metres) Si u ~ 0 Temp. °C. s7o. at pH 1 0, ex. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks P Nitrate + Nitrite N. Mitrite N, Si From To 736 H 30 -1-52 33-87 27-28 8-i8 — — — — N70B 320-184 1042 III5 DGP cont. 40 50 z -I-S4 -1-63 33-87 33-87 27-28 27-28 8-i8 8-i8 — — — — 7-79 N 100 B N 100 B 320-0 J 216-140 II38 1208 DGP 60 — -i-8i 33-93 27-33 8-14 — — — 7-55 80 — -.•78 34-01 27-40 8-13 100 — -i-6i 34-04 27-41 8-09 — — — — 7-00 150 — -o-6o 34-20 27-51 8-04 — — — — 603 200 — i-i I 34-42 27-58 7-97 — — — — 4-67 300 — 1-65 34-53 27-65 7-94 — — — 4-12 400 — 1-88 34-60 27-68 7-94 — — — — 3-93 600 — 1-87 34-61 27-70 7-98 — — — — 3-92 800 — 1-95 34-62 27-70 8-00 — — — — 3-81 1000 — 1-97 34-64 27-71 8-00 — — — 3-80 1500 — 1-92 34-72 27-77 8-09 — — — — 4-14 2000 — I-I2 34-72 27-83 8-10 — — — — 4-34 2500 — 0-85 34-72 27-85 8-16 — — — — 4-13 3000 — 0-63 34-70 27-85 8-12 — — • — — 4-31 3500 3505 0-4S 3469 27-85 8-07 — — ~ ~ 4-39 737 H 0 — — I-I2 33-56 27-02 8-18 8-18 8-i8 — — — — 7-80 Nso V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 1 2007 2013 /DGP. Nets towed 10 20 -1-30 -1-41 33-75 33-77 27-17 27-18 — — — 7-85 1 248-154 2214 2245 i Jmilefrompack- ice 30 40 — -1-47 -i-si 33-78 33-78 27-21 27-21 8-i8 8-i8 z — — 7-86 N 70 B N 100 B • 109-0 2301 2321 KT 5° — -I-S5 33-85 27-26 8-17 60 — -1-71 33-93 27-32 8-16 — — 7-50 80 — -1-77 33-94 27-34 8-i6 100 — -1-67 33-97 27-36 8-15 — — — 7-32 6-27 5-67 4-38 ISO — — 0-40 34-13 27-44 8-07 — — 200 — 0-22 34-23 27-50 8-02 — — 300 — 1-51 34-43 27-58 7-97 — — 400 — I -75 34-48 27-60 7-96 — — 4-05 600 — 2-04 34-64 27-71 8-05 — — — 3-75 3-80 800 — 2-03 34-68 27-74 8-05 — — — 1000 — 1-88 34-72 27-78 8-05 — — — 3-96 1500 — 1-54 34-73 27-81 8-09 — — — 4-22 4-06 2000 — 1-22 34-73 27-84 8-12 — — — 2500 — o-gi 34-71 27-85 8-17 — — — 4-34 426 3000 — 062 34-70 27-86 8-12 — — 3S0O — 0-44 34-70 27-87 8-12 — — "" 4-15 738 15 0 _ -o-8i 33-69 27-11 8-19 — — — — 7-74 N 50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 } 89^ 0905 0915 10 20 — -I -03 -1-13 33-72 33-83 27-14 27-24 8-19 8-19 z — — 7-80 III5 II3S KT 30 40 — -1-28 -1-33 33-84 33-84 27-24 27-24 8-19 8-19 — — — 7-75 1 160-85 I154 1224 DGP 5° — -1-50 33-84 27-25 8-19 7-6i 60 — -1-62 33-84 27-25 8-18 — — — 80 — -I-S8 33-94 27-33 8-15 7-16 669 100 — -1-47 33-96 27-35 8-14 — — 150 — — 0-91 34-04 27-39 8-07 — — — 200 — o-SS 34-21 27-46 8-03 — — — 5-58 300 — 180 34-39 27-53 7-97 — — — 4-32 400 — 2-07 34-50 27-58 7-97 — — — 3-92 600 — 2-12 34-60 27-66 8-00 — — 3-75 3-85 3-83 800 — 2-OS 34-70 27-75 8-09 — — 1000 — 1-93 34-71 27-77 8-o8 — — 1500 — I-S6 34-73 27-81 8-06 — — 4-01 2000 — 1-25 34-71 27-82 8-16 — — — 4-05 2500 — 0-93 34-71 27-85 8-16 — — — 4-17 3000 — 0-79 34-70 27-84 8-12 — — — 4-25 3500 — 0-53 34-70 27-86 8-II — — ~ 4-35 739 15 0 -1-31 33-60 27-05 8-17 — — — 7-81 N50V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 2010 2016 10 20 — — 1-40 — 1-40 33-60 33-76 27-05 27-18 8-17 8-17 z — 7-8i j- 172-85 2133 2203 DGP 3° 40 — — 1-40 — 1-40 33-78 33-79 27-20 27-21 8-17 8-17 — — — — 7-78 ■ I2I-0 2219 2239 KT 19 739—742 R.R.S. Discovery II Position Date Sounding (metres) Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather 4j « 0 = Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 739 cont. 6i° 25-9' S, 64° 32' W 1931 24 xi 740 60° 067' S, 63° 3S-9'W 25 XI 0900 3920" 741 59° 537' S, 61° 03-2' W 25 XI 4179* 742 59° 19-6' 8,58° 35' W 26 xi 0900 3631* WSW WxS NNW 16 15 14 WSW WxS NNW 1006-7 1-7 low WSW swell 1005-0 0-9 0-6 low W swell be 33 1-8 low W swell 20 R.R.S. Discovery II 739—742 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS >-ti Mg. — atom m.^ TI.ME Station jD fi> Remarks (days) Depth •51 Temp. Nitrate 0, Depth 'metres) ac "" E °C. S °/t,„ at pH P + Nitrite N, Nitrite N: Si ex. litre Gear (metres) From To 739 15 5° -1-36 33-90 27-29 8-17 cont. 6o 8o Z -1-51 -1-59 33-96 33-98 27-35 27-37 8-16 8-13 7-50 lOO — -i-6i 34-00 27-38 8-12 — — — 7-28 15° — -I-I5 34-02 27-39 8-08 — — — 6-73 200 — 0-68 34-22 27-45 8-01 — — — 5-46 300 — 1-99 34-47 27-57 7-95 — — — 4-16 400 — 1-90 34-52 27-62 7-94 — — — 4-03 600 — 2-19 34-63 27-68 8-08 — — — 367 800 — 2-o6 34-68 27-73 8-08 — — — 3-73 1000 — I 99 34-71 27-77 8-09 — — — 3-91 1500 — 165 34-73 27-81 8-09 — — — 3-98 2000 — 1-30 34-72 27-82 8-15 — — — 4-07 2500 — 093 34-70 27-84 8-11 — — — 4-21 3000 — 0-58 34-70 27-86 8-20 — — — 4-28 740 i6 0 — -059 33-96 27-32 8-17 — — — 7-76 N 50 V 1 00-0 0910 0915 10 — — o-6o 3398 27-34 8-17 — — — — N70B } 266-126 1056 1 1 26 DGP 20 — -0-77 34-03 27-39 8-17 — — — 7-75 N 100 B 30 — -0-94 34-04 27-39 8-16 — — — — N70B 128-0 1 141 I20I KT 40 — -1-04 34-05 27-40 8-13 — — — 7-69 N 100 B 50 — -I -08 34-05 27-41 8-12 60 — -1-13 34-05 27-41 8-12 — — — 7-59 80 — -I-I9 34-10 27-45 8-08 100 — - 1-22 34-20 27-53 8-02 — — — 6-31 150 — 1-30 34-45 27-60 7-95 — — — 4-34 200 — I 60 34-51 27-63 7-94 — — — 4-11 300 — I -80 34-62 27-71 7-94 — — — 3-94 400 — 1-84 34-64 27-72 7-94 — — — 3-93 600 — I -80 34-69 27-75 8-04 — — — 3-90 800 — 1-71 34-73 27-80 8-os — — — 4-06 1000 — 1-63 34-73 27-81 8-09 — — — 4-01 1500 — I-2I 34-72 27-83 8-10 — — — ■ 4-04 2000 — 090 34-72 27-85 8-10 — — — 4-14 2500 — 059 34-70 27-86 8-09 — — — 4-28 3000 — 0-49 34-70 27-86 8-21 — — — 4-31 3500 — 0-42 34-70 27-87 8-21 — — — 4-23 741 i6 0 -0-53 33-81 27-19 8-14 — — 7-63 N50 V 1 00-0 2005 2019 10 — -0-68 33-85 27-23 8-14 — — — — — N70B } 286-126 2143 2212 DGP 20 — -0-7I 33-89 27-26 8-14 — — — 7-64 N 100 B 30 — -0-89 33-89 27-27 8-15 — — — — N70B 1 123-0 2226 2246 KT 40 — — 0-91 3389 27-27 8-12 — — — 7-66 N 100 B 50 — — 0-91 33-89 27-27 8-12 60 — — 0-92 3389 27-27 8-II — — — 7-63 80 — -098 33-89 27-27 8-1 1 100 — — IIO 33-94 27-32 8-12 — — — 7-48 150 — — 004 34-19 27-48 8-01 — — — 5-88 200 — 1-21 34-34 27-53 7-97 — — — 4-79 300 — I -So 34-49 27-60 7-94 — — — 4-08 400 — I-9I 34-56 27-65 7-93 — — — 3-93 600 — 1-99 34-65 27-71 8-04 — — — 3-75 800 — I 90 34-70 27-77 8-07 — — — 3-82 1000 — i-8i 34-70 27-77 8-03 — — — 3-91 1500 — I 92 34-71 27-77 8-13 — — — 4-15 2000 — I 07 34-73 27-85 8-09 — — — 4-14 2500 — 0-74 34-71 27-86 8-10 — — — 4-32 3000 — 0-54 34-70 27-86 8-10 — — — 4-31 3500 — 0-51 3470 28-86 8-21 — — 4-23 742 17 0 -0-21 3396 27-30 8-12 — — — 7-50 N50 V 1 00-0 090s 0912 10 — — 0-29 33-96 27-30 8-11 — — — — N70B !- 178-110 IIII I141 DGP 20 — — 0-30 33-96 27-30 8-II — — — 7-49 N 100 B j ' 30 — -0-31 33-96 27-31 8-11 — — — N 70 B ) 1 13-0 1155 I2IS KT 40 — -0-37 33-98 27-33 8-11 — — — 7-44 N 100 B 50 — -043 34-00 27-34 8-11 60 ~ — o-6i 34-04 27-38 8-10 ~ 7-44 21 742—745 R.R.S. Discovery II Static 742 cont. Position 59° 19-6' S, s8° 35' W Date 1931 26 xi 743 59° 23' S, 55° 54-1' W 744 745 Hour Sounding (metres) 26 xi 60° 54-5' S, 55° 45-6' W 57° 35-1' S, 55' 47-1' W 27 XI WIND Direction Force (knots) 3633* 081S 28 xi I L 0900 214* NNW SEA Direction Force 23 NW 4036* NWxW 25 NNW NW NWxW Weathe: o — be Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Remarks Wet bulb 991-5 mod. NW swell 979-0 I- 9948 heavy NW swell 2-7 heavy conf. W swell 22 R.R.S. Discovery II 742—745 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Age of u Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station Rf>marl(> 50-0 — 0838 30 — -0-54 34-36 27-64 8-04 — — — — N70B 1 130-0 0856 0916 KT 40 — -0-S9 34-36 27-64 8-04 — — — 6-78 N 100 B 50 — -0-59 34-36 27-64 8-04 60 — — o-6o 34-36 27-64 8-04 — — — 6-73 80 — -060 34-36 27-64 8-04 100 — — 0-69 34-37 27-65 8-03 — — — 6-42 150 — -0-58 34-43 27-70 8-02 — — — 6-06 180 — — 0-22 34-49 27-72 8-01 — 5-68 745 19 0 — o-io 33-96 27-28 8-15 — — — 7-64 N50 V 1 00-0 0905 0913 lO — — o-oi 33-96 27-29 8-15 — — — — N 70 B ,• 260-104 1054 1 1 25 DGP 20 — — 006 33-96 27-29 8-15 — — — 7-65 N 100 B 1 30 — — 010 33-96 27-30 8-15 — — — — N 70 B j 117-0 I138 1158 KT 40 — -0-48 33-96 27-31 8-15 — — — 7-68 N 100 B 50 — -0-57 33-96 27-32 8-15 60 — — 0-69 33-96 27-32 8-14 — — — 7-58 80 — — 0-92 33-98 27-35 8-15 ICO — -0-3S 34-04 27-37 8-08 — — — 6-65 150 — 061 34-20 27-45 8-00 — — — 5-79 200 — 1-31 34-29 27-47 7-98 — — — S-09 300 — 1-99 34-39 27-51 7-95 — — — 4-33 400 — 203 34-47 27-57 7-95 — — — 4-10 600 — 2-02 34-55 27-64 8-09 — — — 3-78 800 — 2-04 34-67 27-73 8-08 — — — 3-78 1 000 — ■ 1-93 34-73 27-78 8-13 — — — 3-96 1500 — 1-55 34-72 27-80 8-09 — — — 3-96 2000 — I-20 34-72 27-83 8-09 — — — 4-05 2500 — 098 34-72 27-84 8-19 — — — 4-10 3000 — 0-62 34-71 27-87 8-15 — — — 4-34 3500 — 039 — 8-24 — — — 4-30 23 746—748 R.R.S. Discovery U Station 746 Positit Date 56°2i-5'S, S5°50-5'W Hour I93I 28 xi 2000 0000 Sounding (metres) WIND Direction 747 748 55° 20' S, 56° 14-6' W 55° 29-4' S, 54° 13-8' W 29 XI 29 XI 0930 5832* ExN ExN 4008* 2703' ENE NExE Force (knots) 6 10 SEA Direction ExN ExN ENE NExE Force Weather 1) y> 6:2 ofe me 3 conf. ortl 997-1 995-4 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 33 2-8 Wet bulb 31 2-7 985-2 5-3 Remarks mod. conf. W swell mod. conf. W x S swell 5-3 976-4 4-4 mod. NNE swell 4-4 mod. conf. NE swell 24 R.R.S. Discovery U 746—748 Station 746 747 748 Age of moon (days) 19 Depth (metres) HYDRO LOGICAL OBSERVATIONS O lO 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 ISO 200 300 400 590 790 990 1480 1980 2470 2960 3460 3950 4450 4940 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 290 390 s8o 770 970 1450 1930 2420 2900 3380 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 190 290 380 580 770 960 1440 1930 2410 2964 Temp. "C. 3382 2408 3-41 2-71 2-71 2-70 2-70 260 2-51 2-39 2-20 1-91 1-53 1-35 1-71 2-51 2-49 2-39 2-o8 1-82 1-48 I-Ol 0-88 0-S9 0-30 0-27 4-70 468 4-63 4-48 4-41 4-40 4-35 4-24 4-20 4-09 4-02 3-8o 3-45 2-65 2-28 2-40 2-41 2-07 1-86 I-S6 I-I7 4-38 4-37 4-35 4-31 4-03 391 379 3-71 3-6s 3-44 3-31 2-71 2-82 2-68 2-70 2-56 220 1-99 1-88 34-11 34-°5 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-03 34-07 34-16 34-37 34-51 34-55 34-70 34-72 34-72 34-71 34-70 34-70 34-68 34-67 34-21 34-21 34-21 34-19 34-19 34-19 34-19 34-20 34-20 34-20 34-20 34-19 34-i8 34-15 34-21 34-35 34-58 34-66 34-74 34-75 34-74 34-14 34-14 34-15 34-15 34-15 34-15 34-15 34-15 34-14 34-14 34-14 34-14 34-21 34-29 34-41 34-49 34-66 34-67 34-70 27-16 27-17 27-17 27-18 27-18 27-18 27-19 27-20 27-22 27-24 27-26 27-30 27-34 27-45 27-56 27-61 27-75 27-78 27-81 27-84 27-84 27-86 27-85 27-85 27-11 27-11 27-11 27-12 27-13 27-13 27-13 27-14 27-15 27-16 27-17 27-19 27-22 27-27 27-34 27-45 27-63 27-71 27-80 27-83 27-85 27-09 27-09 27-10 27-11 27-14 27-15 27-16 27-17 27-17 27-19 27-20 27-25 27-29 27-37 27-46 27-53 27-70 27-73 27-77 pH 8-14 8-iS 8-15 8-15 8-14 8-15 8-15 8-15 8-13 8-12 8-12 8-09 8-06 8-05 8-os 8-02 8-07 8-15 8-31 8-23 8-i6 8-15 8-20 8-25 8-15 8-15 8-15 8-15 8-16 8-16 8-iS 8-15 8-15 8-IS 8-14 8-15 8-14 8-31 8-25 8-16 8-17 8-17 8-18 8-18 8-29 8-16 8-16 8-16 8-16 8-16 8-17 8-16 8-16 8-16 8-14 8-13 8-09 8-os 8-14 8-13 8-09 8-09 8-15 8-2S Mg. — atom m.' Nitrate + Nitrite N. Nitrite Nj c.c. litre 7-00 7-07 7-00 6-93 7-01 6-88 7-01 6-68 5-93 4-37 3-79 3-64 3-69 3-68 3-84 3-93 4-25 4-34 4-48 4-41 6-63 6-62 6-63 6-61 6-57 6-59 6-55 6-46 6-23 5-84 5-11 4-33 3-45 3-45 3-66 3-89 3-74 6-75 6-75 6-82 6-78 6-62 6-62 6-27 6-2S 5-63 4-75 4-05 3-74 3-63 3-71 3-78 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear N 50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N50V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B Depth (metres) 306-124 I2S-0 I 282-148 I 155-0 204-138 W 80-0 TIME 2010 0034 0I2I 0935 III7 2II2 2231 2315 To 2020 0104 OI4I 0941 H47 1220 2118 2300 2335 Remarks DGP KT + 4 hours DGP KT DGP KT 25 749—752 R.R,S. Discovery U Station 749 750 751 752 Position 54° 07-9' S, 54° 03-5' W 53° 047' S, 54° 04-7' W 51° 28-7' S, 49° 17-7' W 52° 42-7' S, 49° i6-8'W Date 1931 30 xi 30 XI 2 Xll mS 0900 Sounding (metres) 1540* 3136* 2458* 3563* WNW SExS W NWxW Force (knots) 17 19 13 SEA Direction WNW SExS W NWxW be be 990-8 987-8 1006-4 IOOI-8 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 6-8 4-7 Wet bulb Remarks S-6 4-4 4-4 6-9 3-8 5-« very heavy conf. W swell heavy W x N swell mod.-heavy WSW swell mod. conf. SW swell 26 R.R.S. Discovery 11 749—752 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks >, ^ Mu- — atom m.^ TIME (dajs") Depth u Temp. s°/„. pH Nitrate 0, Deptli metres) Q 5 °C. (Jt P + Nitrite Nitrite N. Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To "j: N, 749 21 O 4-59 34-21 27-12 8-15 662 N50 V 1 00-0 I 120 I 130 lO 20 Z 4-54 4-53 34-21 34-21 27-12 27-12 8-15 8-15 z z 662 N70B N 100 B 250-160 1253 1322 DGP 3° 40 — 4-52 4-51 34-21 34-21 27-12 27-13 8-15 8-is — — — 665 N70B N 100 B !• 166-0 1334 1354 KT 50 — 4-49 34-21 27-13 8-15 60 — 4-44 34-21 27-13 8-15 — — — — 6-63 80 — 4-38 34-20 27-13 8-15 100 — 4-19 34-19 27-15 8-14 — — — — 6-Si 150 — 4-10 34-17 27-14 8-14 — — — — 6-48 200 — 3-91 34-14 27-14 8-14 — — — — 6-40 300 — 3-66 34-14 27-17 8-15 — — — — 6-22 400 — 3-33 34-14 27-20 8-11 — — — — 6-22 600 — 2-77 34-20 27-29 8-i8 — — — — 5-44 800 — 2-65 34-29 27-37 8-09 — — — — 4-59 1000 — 2-74 34-38 27-44 8-i6 — — — — 3-95 1200 — 2-51 34-48 27-54 8-17 — — 3-49 750 21 0 — 4-73 34-14 27-05 8-i8 — — — — 6-71 N 50 V 1 00-0 2005 2012 10 — 4-73 34-14 27-05 8-18 — — — — — N 100 B 97-0 2200 2220 KT 20 — 4-70 34-14 27-06 8-i8 — — — — 676 N 100 B 280-130 2200 2230 DGP 30 — 4-62 34-14 27-06 8-18 40 — 4-61 34-14 27-07 8-18 — — — — 6-66 50 — 4-51 34-14 27-08 8-18 60 — 4-42 34-14 27-09 8-i8 — — — — 6-73 80 — 4-22 34-14 27-11 8-18 100 — 4-12 34-14 27-12 8-18 — — — — 5-62 150 — 3-8i 34-i6 27-16 8-i8 — — — — 6-57 200 — 3-62 34-17 27-19 8-15 — — — — 6-55 300 — 3-32 34-14 27-20 8-14 — — — — 6-36 400 — 3-05 34-i6 27-23 8-13 — — — — 4-33 600 — 2-69 34-23 27-33 8-25 — — — — 5-23 800 — 2-57 34-32 27-40 8-22 — — — — 4-31? 2170 2170 1-97 34-68 27-74 8-33 — — 3-44 751 22 0 — 2-6o 34-12 27-24 8-17 — — — — 6-84 N 50 V 1 00-0 2008 2015 10 20 z 2-6o 2-6o 34-12 34-12 27-24 27-24 8-17 8-17 z — 6-85 N70B N 100 B 1 104-0 2124 2145 KT 30 40 2-56 2-56 34-12 34-12 27-25 27-25 8-17 8-17 z z — — 6-82 N70B N 100 B \ 269-138 2124 2156 DGP 50 — 2-51 34-11 27-24 8-17 60 — 2-o8 34-11 27-28 8-16 — — — — 6-90 80 — 1-57 34-IO 27-30 8-17 100 — I-IO 34-07 27-32 8-16 — — — — 6-85 150 — 0-98 34-08 27-33 8-14 — — — — 6-67 200 — 0-47 34- 10 27-37 8-09 — — — — 6-54 300 — 0-28 34-13 27-41 8-08 — — — — 6-03 390 — 0-97 34-25 27-46 8-02 — — — — 4-92 590 — 2-37 34-43 27-51 8-16 — — — — 4-03 790 — 2-19 34-52 27-59 8-15 — — — — 3-73 980 — 2-i8 34-58 27-64 8-07 — — — — 3-75 1480 — 2-00 34-71 27-77 8-07 — — — — 3-82 1970 1967 I-S6 34-72 27-80 8-22 — — — 3-78 752 23 0 — 2-19 34-14 27-30 8-17 — — — — 692 N50 V 100-0 0915 0923 10 — 2-02 34-13 27-29 8-17 — — — — — N 70 B - 100-0 1031 1051 KT 20 — 1-99 34-13 27-29 8-17 — — — — 6-94 N 100 B 30 — 1-93 34-13 27-30 8-17 — — — — — N 70 B 250-104 1031 II02 DGP 40 — 1-83 34-12 27-30 8-17 — — — — 6-94 N 100 B j 0 t SO — 1-82 34-12 27-31 8-17 60 — 1-67 34-12 27-32 8-17 — — — — 6-92 80 — 1-30 34-11 27-33 8-17 100 — 1-30 34-11 27-33 8-i6 — — — — 6-72 150 — 0-80 34-07 27-34 8-16 — — — — 6-79 200 — 059 34-10 27-37 8-17 — — — — 6-68 300 — 0-16 34-13 27-41 8-13 — — — — 6-29 390 ' 0-37 34-14 27-42 8-13 6-20 1 27 752—755 R.R.S. Discovery U Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Air Temp. ^ C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 752 cont. 52° 42-7' S, 49° i6-8' W 1931 2 xii 753 54° 02-4' S, 49° 12-5' W 2000 0000 4766* wsw SWxW 754 54° 54' S, 49° o8-7' W 3 XII 0900 755 55° 57-9' S. 48° 59' W 3 xii 4164* SxW 3606* w 24 24 25 wsw wsw SxW W be b csp 9957 997-4 3-9 39 1001-4 2-5 1006-7 0-9 2-9 2-7 mod. WSW swell mod. WSW swell heavy SW swell 0-7 mod. SW swell 28 R.R.S. Discovery II 752—755 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Ui Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station Age of moon (days) Depth metres) J a; 4 Temp. °C. s°/„ at pH 0. c.c. litre Gear Remarks P Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N, N, Si Depth (metres) From To 752 23 590 2-14 3435 21 -47 8-16 — — — 4-61 COIlt. 790 — 2-39 34-48 27-55 8-13 — — — 3-82 980 — 2-36 34-57 27-62 8-II — — — 3-80 1480 — 2-IO 34-69 27-73 8-o8 — — — 3-63 1970 — 1-88 34-73 27-79 8-12 — — — 3-73 2460 — 1-49 34-74 27-83 8-15 — — — 3-9S 2950 29S3 I -08 34-72 27-84 8-26 — — 3-96 753 23 0 2-59 34-15 27-27 8-17 — — — — 6-75 N 50 V N70B 100— 0 2015 2021 10 — 2-59 34-15 27-27 8-17 — — [- 280-110 2258 2328 DGP 20 — 249 34-16 27-28 8-17 — — 6-74 N 100 B N70B N 100 B 30 — 2-53 34-16 27-28 8-17 — — j- 165-0 2346 0007 KT 40 — 2-47 34-16 27-28 8-17 — — 6-74 5° — 2-40 34-16 27-29 8-i6 60 — 2-40 34-i6 27-29 8-i6 — 6-75 80 — 2-39 34-17 27-30 8-i6 100 — 2-31 34-20 27-33 8-i6 — — 6-72 ISO — 1-99 34-17 27-33 8-16 — — 667 190 — 1-80 34-15 27-34 8-15 — — 7-29 280 — I -20 34-14 27-37 8-i6 — 652 370 — 1-22 34-17 27-39 8-09 — — 5-87 560 — 2-19 34-22 27-35 8-i6 — — S-20 740 — 2-66 34-39 27-46 8-o6 — — 4-26 930 — 2-s8 34-46 27-51 8-10 — ' — 392 1400 — 2-26 34-66 27-70 8-12 — — 3-58 i860 — 2-09 3469 27-73 8-21 — — 3-49 2330 — 1-77 34-71 27-79 8-21 — — 3-70 2790 — 1-38 — — 8-32 — — 3-80 3-98 3260 — 0-99 3469 27-81 8-39 — — 3720 3720 o'50 34-69 27-84 8-39 — " ~ 4-02 754 24 0 10 20 — 2-59 2-58 2-58 34-17 34-17 34-17 27-28 27-28 27-28 8-i6 8-16 8-i6 — — — 6-70 6-70 N50 V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 • 200-142 0905 I132 0912 1202 IDGP. N 70 B j slightly torn 30 40 — 2-57 2-54 34-17 34-17 27-29 27-29 8-i6 8-16 — — — 6-69 N 70 B N 100 B I 151-O 1216 1236 KT 50 — 2-52 34-17 27-29 8-16 6-69 60 — 2-49 34-17 27-29 8-15 — — 80 — 2-31 34-17 27-31 8-15 6-6o 6-46 6-38 100 — 2-20 34-17 27-32 8-15 — 150 — 1-99 34-17 27-33 8-16 — 200 — I -80 34-i6 27-34 8-i6 — — 300 — 1-46 34-14 27-35 8-13 — — 6-27 630 400 — 0-98 34-14 27-38 8-12 — — 600 — ■2.-2.1 34-23 27-36 8-17 — — 5-35 790 — 2-27 34-32 27-43 8-16 — — 4-47 364 3-81 3-86 990 — 2-41 34-51 27-57 8-17 — 1490 — 2-12 34-66 27-71 8-03 — — 1980 — 1-90 34-71 27-78 8-04 — — 2480 — I 60 34-71 27-80 8-13 — — 3-94 2980 — I-I9 34-70 27-82 8-19 — 4-20 4-08 3470 3471 0-76 3469 27-83 8-24 — ~ "" 755 24 0 o-8o 33-88 27-19 8-16 — — — 7-50 N50 V N70B 1 00-0 2003 201 1 10 o-8o 33-88 27-19 8-i6 — — — — ■ 210-130 2142 2212 DGP 20 064 33-88 27-20 8-16 — — — 7-52 N 100 B N70B N 100 B j 30 40 — 0-S9 0-S4 33-88 33-88 27-20 27-20 8-17 8-17 z — — — 7-50 1 130-0 2226 2246 KT 5° — 0-42 3392 27-24 8-17 60 — 0-29 3392 27-24 8-17 — — 7-50 80 — — o-io 33-92 27-27 8-i6 100 — — 0-07 3395 27-28 8-13 — — — 709 6-2S S-87 150 — 0-59 34-04 27-32 8-08 — — — 200 — 060 34-12 27-39 8-04 — — 300 — 1-68 34-32 27-47 7-97 — — 4-70 390 — 1-87 34-40 27-52 7-96 — — 4-43 59° — 2-30 34-54 27-60 8-07 3-54 29 755—758 R.R.S. Discovery U Station 755 cont. Position Date 55° 57-9' S, 48° 59' W 756 757 57° 28-7' 3,48° 53-2' W 58° 03-5' 8,48° 50-5' W 1931 3 xii Hour Sounding (metres) 4 XU 4 XII 758 S8° 42-3' S, 48^ 45-9' W 0900 2000 0000 WIND Direction 3877* NxW II 3916* 5 XII 0900 Force (knots) wsw SWxW 3994* Direction Force Weather NxW 17 16 SWxW WxS SWxW 2 t m .1- 996-2 ome oe Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 2-7 998-2 999-8 SWxW Wet bulb 2-6 Remarks mod. NW swell 0-5 o-i 1004-5 0-5 o-i -0-2 mod. WSW swell mod. WSW swell -0-4 mod. W swell 30 R.R.S. Discovery U 755—758 Station HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Age of moon (days) ( Depth metres) ^1 •Si Temp. s°/„„ at pH Mg. — atom m.^ 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME P Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N. N, Si From To 755 24 780 2-13 34-62 27-69 8-II — — 359 cont. 980 — 1-92 34-65 27-72 8-07 — — 3-87 1470 — 162 34-68 27-77 8-17 — — 3-98 i960 — 1-21 34-71 27-83 8-17 — — 4-07 2450 — 0-83 34-69 27-82 8-i8 — — 4-17 2940 2937 0-53 34-69 27-84 8-24 — — 4-14 756 25 0 o-8i 33-87 27-18 8-i8 — — 7-45 N50V 1 00-0 0907 0914 10 — 0-79 33-88 27-19 8-i8 — — — N70B ■ 310-126 1 1 II II4I DGP 20 — 0-68 33-88 27-19 8-i8 — — 7-50 N 100 B 30 — 0-49 33-95 27-25 8-18 — — — N70B j- 135-0 II56 I216 KT 40 — 0-I2 33-95 27-27 8-i8 — — 7-54 N 100 B 5° — — 0-21 33-95 27-29 8-17 60 — — 0-41 33-94 27-29 8-17 — — 7-45 80 — -0-2I 33-97 27-31 8-14 100 — -030 33-97 27-32 8-14 — — 7-21 150 — 0-35 34-13 27-40 8-o8 — — 6-19 200 — 1-87 34-33 27-46 7-99 — — 5-08 300 — 2-22 34-43 27-52 7-97 — — 4-22 400 — 2-37 34-52 27-58 7-96 — — 3-96 59° — 2-IO 34-65 27-70 8-17 — — 3-56 790 — 2-OI 34-69 27-74 8-13 — — 3-87 990 — 1-83 34-70 27-77 8-13 — — 3-97 1480 — 1-31 34-70 27-81 8-12 — — 4-03 1970 — o-8o 34-69 27-82 8-17 — — 4-21 2460 — 0-38 34-68 27-85 8-i8 — — 4-40 2960 — o-o8 34-68 27-87 8-15 — — 4-63 345° 3447 — o-ii 34-67 27-87 8-25 — 4-43 757 25 0 _ o-i8 34-01 27-32 8-13 — — 7-51 N50 V 1 00-0 2005 2015 10 — o-i8 34-01 27-32 8-13 — — — — — N70B 324-162 2233 2303 DGP 20 — o-i8 34-01 27-32 8-13 — — 7-46 N 70 B N 100 B 1 156-0 2324 2344 KT 30 — — 0-07 34-02 27-34 8-13 — — — 40 — — o-io 34-02 27-35 8-13 — — 7-33 N 100 B 320-136 0000 0030 DGP 50 — — O-II 34-02 27-35 8-13 60 — — 0-19 34-03 27-36 8-IO — — 7-27 80 — — O-II 34-09 27-40 8-IO 100 — — 0-20 34-10 27-41 8-09 — — 7-26 150 — -0-18 34-27 27-55 8-04 — — 6-44 200 — o-oo 34-36 27-61 8-00 — — 6-00 300 — 0-23 34-44 27-67 7-98 — — 5-49 400 — I-IO 34-59 27-73 7-96 — — 461 600 — I-3I 34-66 27-77 8-06 — — 4-26 800 — 1-22 34-68 27-80 8-12 — — 4-26 1000 — III 34-71 27-83 8-16 — — 4-i8 1500 — 0-66 34-71 27-86 8-18 — — 4-38 2000 . — 0-49 34-70 27-86 8-18 — — 4-29 2500 — 0-19 34-68 27-86 8-18 — — 4-52 3000 — — o-o6 34-66 27-85 8-17 — — 4-63 3SOO — -o-is 34-66 27-86 8-29 — — 4-37 758 26 0 _ 012 33-92 27-25 8-13 — — 7-51 N50 V 1 00-0 0908 0916 10 — 0-13 33-92 27-25 8-13 — — — N70 B 236-0 } 1046 II16 DGP 20 0-09 33-92 27-26 8-13 — — 7-51 N 100 B 236-162 30 — — 0-40 33-93 27-28 8-14 — — — — N70B 298-134 H34 1204 DGP 40 — -0-47 33-93 27-28 8-14 — — 7-40 N 70 B N 100 B } I2S-0 1219 1239 KT V 50 — -0-71 33-96 27-32 8-14 — — 60 — -0-62 33-96 27-32 8-13 — — 7-14 80 — -0-49 34-03 27-37 8-09 5-68 100 — 0-50 34-20 27-45 8-02 — — 150 — 1-47 34-32 27-49 7-97 — — 4-69 4-08 200 — 2-05 34-45 27-55 7-94 — — 300 — 2-21 34-56 27-62 7-94 — — 3-76 400 — 2-IO 34-6i 27-68 7-94 — — 3-80 600 — 2-OI 34-70 27-76 8-IO — — 3-75 800 — 1-70 34-71 27-79 8-13 — — 3-79 1000 — 1-54 34-72 27-80 8-o8 4-01 31 758—761 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 758 cont. 759 Position Date 58° 42-3' S, 48° 45-9' W 59° 065' S, 48° 39-9' W Sounding (metres) 1931 5 xii 5 xii 760 60° 21-6' S, 48° 402' W 3744* 6 xii 761 59° 46-3' S, 45° 305' W 2000 2397' 7-6 Xll 2115 3849* WIND Direction sw N WxS Force (knots) 2-3 16 SEA Direction sw N conf. Force Weather fe 1008-9 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks mod. WxS swell 1002-9 0'6 989-2 0-5 mod. NW swell -0-3 -0-3 hea\'y NNW swell 32 R.R.S. Discovery II 758—761 Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) ■S b Temp. °C. S°/,„ pH Mg. — atom m.' Nitrate + Nitrite Na Nitrite N. Si O, c.c. litre BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To Remarks 26 28 1500 2000 2500 3000 3S°o o 10 20 30 40 SO 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 1990 o 10 20 30 40 SO 60 80 100 ISO 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2003 2501 1 991 3012 I 03 0-67 0-I2 -0-09 -0-23 0-32 0-34 0-31 0-30 0-27 006 -0-02 -O-I I -031 -01 I 000 0-62 0-85 1-96 0-74 073 0-36 010 -0-04 -0-17 -0-29 - i-oo - lOI - 1 02 -1-23 -1-28 - 1-40 - 1-30 -1-48 - 1-40 -1-28 - i-io -0-7S -0-51 o-io -0-07 -010 -019 -0-31 -0-87 -082 -079 -0-92 - I-oo - 1-02 -099 -0-So -0-71 -o-8o -0-85 -0-37 066 039 063 028 010 -0-02 -o-i8 -0-29 3471 3471 34-67 34-66 34-66 34-13 34-13 34-13 34-13 34-13 34-17 34-19 34-28 34-38 34-4S 34-47 34-61 34-64 34-70 34-69 34-72 34-70 34-69 34-68 34-67 34-66 34-16 34-17 34-18 34-19 34-20 34-22 34-23 34-32 34-3S 34-40 34-45 34-53 34-S7 34-64 34-64 34-65 34-65 34-65 33-86 33-88 33-92 34-02 34-12 34-13 34-20 34-37 34-38 34-43 34-44 34-54 34-64 34-63 34-67 34-66 34-66 34-66 34-66 34-66 27-84 27-86 27-85 27-86 27-86 27-40 27-40 27-40 27-40 27-41 27-46 27-48 27-56 27-65 27-69 27-70 27-79 27-79 27-76 27-83 27-86 27-87 27-86 27-87 27-87 27-87 27-49 27-50 27-51 27-53 27-53 27-SS 27-56 27-64 27-67 27-69 27-73 27-79 27-81 27-83 27-84 27-85 27-85 27-86 27-24 27-27 27-30 27-38 27-46 27-46 27-52 27-66 27-66 27-71 27-72 27-78 27-80 27-81 27-82 27-83 27-84 27-85 27-86 27-87 8-i8 8-17 8-19 8-15 8-23 8-10 8-IO 8-10 8-10 8-09 8-08 8-05 8-05 8-04 8-04 8-01 7-99 8-00 8-08 8-12 8-09 8-14 8-19 809 8-09 8-09 8-o8 8-05 8-05 8-04 8-04 802 8-02 8-00 7-99 7-97 8-08 8-17 8-18 8-08 8-08 8-13 8-19 4-28 4-31 4-59 4-67 4-61 7-54 7-60 7-47 7-59 6-31 5-75 5-57 4-95 4-76 4-53 4-52 4-38 4-54 4-40 4-45 4-77 4-98 7-56 7-s8 7-43 7-25 6-88 6-64 6-44 5-80 5-29 4-86 4-86 4-82 4-81 4-71 7-62 7-S7 7-26 7-03 6-56 6-44 6-28 S-84 4-80 4-79 4-42 4-30 4-68 4-66 4-80 4-68 N50 V N 70 V N 70 B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N50 V N70 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 1000-750 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 |- 260-100 f 1 19-0 1 00-0 1000-750 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 260-140 ■ 176-0 1 00-0 I 290-140 r 151-0 2004 2147 2352 0037 2330 0022 0057 2255 2339 2120 2341 0027 2220 2325 2359 2130 001 1 0047 I DGP. Upper depth I estimated KT + 3 hours DGP KT DGP KT 33 762—766 R.R.S. Discovery U Station Position Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Air Temp. ° C. Dr>- bulb Wet bulb Remarks 762 59° 50-7' S, 43° 34-5' W 1931 8 xii 0900 1200 4662 W NWxW 763 59° 35-5' S, 42° 40-i'W 3261^ 764 765 766 58° 48-9' S, 42° 197' W 58° ii'3'S, 41° i6-3"W 58' SI'S, 36054' W 9 xii 0900 1200 9 Xll 2130 I7I8 3813* 2699* NW NxW NxW NWxW SxW 17 25 35 24 W NWxW NW 7-10 NxW NxW NWxW SxW 9969 1000-5 -0-5 -0-6 mod. -heavy NW swell mod. W swell 1001-9 -0-8 mod. NW swell o ome 997-5 993-2 997-3 0-5 i-o 0-3 09 low NW swell mod. NW swell 0-6 0-6 hea-vy NW swell mod. WNW swell 34 R.R.S. Discovery II 762—766 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS M Mg. — atom m.' TIME Age of moon (days) ( Depth metres) w 0 Temp. C. s°/„„ al 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks Station pH P S'itrate + Nitrite N, Vitrite N, Si From To 762 29 O 10 20 30 40 50 — - 1-22 -1-25 -1-28 -1-32 — 1-40 -1-54 33-94 33-94 33-95 3396 33-96 34-14 27-32 27-32 27-33 27-34 27-35 27-50 8-20 8-20 8-19 8-19 8-16 809 — — — — 8-28 8-21 7-85 N50 V N70 V 100-0 1000-750 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 0905 60 — -1-49 34-22 27-55 8-o6 — — — 7-03 J» 50-0 1135 80 — -1-31 34-31 27-62 8-04 — — — — N 70 B 235-145 II59 1230 DGP 100 — — I -09 34-38 27-68 8-04 — — — 6-59 N 100 B 150 — — 0-46 34-48 27-73 8-00 — — — 5-74 N 70 B 128-0 1249 1309 KT 200 — o-oo 34-56 27-77 7-99 — — — 5-40 N 100 B 300 — I-I I 34-73 27-84 7-97 — — — 4-53 400 — I-I7 34-73 27-84 7-97 — — — 4-58 590 — 0-79 34-70 27-84 8-12 — — — 4-51 790 — 0-50 34-68 27-84 8-i6 — — — 4-53 990 — 0-28 34-67 27-84 8-i8 — — — 4-51 1480 — 010 34-67 27-85 8-17 — — — 4-64 1970 — — 006 34-66 27-85 8-13 — — — 4-72 2470 — — 019 34-66 27-86 8-17 — — — 4-76 2960 — -0-28 34-66 27-87 8-18 — — — 4-89 3450 — -0-38 34-66 27-87 8-23 — — — 4-88 3940 3944 — 0-41 34-66 27-87 8-27 — " 4-72 763 29 0 — I -02 33-67 27-09 8-22 N50 V N70 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 50-0 100-20 1000—750 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 j 280-130 1 124-0 2010 2230 2314 2200 2300 2335 DGP KT 764 o 0 10 — -I -07 -I -08 33-79 33-79 27-20 27-21 8-20 8-20 — — — — 8-30 N 50 V 100-50 50-0 0908 20 — IIO 33-79 27-21 8-20 — — — 8-31 N 70 V 1000-750 30 — — I -20 33-89 27-28 8-19 — — — — .. 750-500 40 -1-30 33-99 27-37 8-15 — — — 7-85 .. 500-250 50 — -I-31 34-05 27-41 8-15 — — — • • 250-100 60 80 — -1-37 -1-48 34-12 34-21 27-47 27-55 8-II 8-10 z — — — 756 fi 100-50 50-0 — 1220 100 — -1-49 34-22 27-55 8-08 — — — — 6-93 N 70 B j 239-109 1307 1337 DGP 150 — -119 34-34 27-65 8-05 — — — — 6-58 N 100 B 200 — — o-6o 34-46 27-72 8-02 — — — — S-94 N 70 B • 132-0 1351 14II KT 300 — -013 34-56 27-78 8-01 — — — — 5-99 N 100 B 1 400 — 0-25 34-62 27-82 8-01 — — — — 5-20 600 — 0-28 — — 8-17 — — — — 5-04 800 — 030 34-66 27-83 8-i8 — — — — 4-36 1000 — 0-30 34-67 27-84 8-12 — — — — 4-48 1500 — 0-13 34-66 27-84 8-17 — — — — 4-78 2000 — — 001 — 8-18 — — — — 5-02 2500 — — o-i6 34-66 27-86 8-17 — — — — 4-63 3000 — — 0-29 34-66 27-87 8-33 — — — 4-48 3500 — -0-31 765 I 0 0-40 33-96 27-27 8-17 N50 V N 70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 100-40 50-0 • 206-114 1 104-0 2135 2207 2249 2150 2236 2309 DGP KT 766 I 0 -1-31 33-82 27-23 8-18 — — — — 8-05 N50V 100-50 1720 10 .. -1-38 33-83 27-24 8-18 " 50—0 1 35 766—769 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 766 cont. 161 768 769 Position 58°5i'S, 36''S4'W 57° 02-6' S, 36° 47-2' W 56° 20-6' S, 36° 34-7' W 55° iS-4'S, 36° i6-4'W 1931 10 xii Hour 0900 1700 2247 0510 Sounding (metres) 3599" 35SS gy. M. bl. Sh. 3544* 1 128* WIND Direction SExS SExS SExS SWxS Force (knots) 17 18 13 15 SKA Direction SExS SExS SExS SWxS 1000-3 Air Temp. ' C. Drv bulb -0-3 995-5 999- 1 999-4 Wet bulb -0-9 low conf. swell -0-3 -0-9 -0-7 -1-4 ■1-4 low conf. swell low conf. SW swell 36 R.R.S. Discovery 11 766—769 Station Age of HYDROI.OGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks 'f-'x, Mg. — atom m.* TIME (days) Depth ^i Temp. Nitrate 0, Ueptii metres) k 'C. S°/oo at pH P Nitrite N. Nitrite Nj Si C.C. litre Gear (metres) From To 766 I 20 __ -I-51 33-87 27-28 8-i8 8-04 N70 V 1000-750 cont. 30 — -1-52 33-87 27-28 8-18 — — ,, 750-500 40 — -1-52 33-88 27-29 8-17 — 7-92 ,, 500-250 50 — -1-59 34-04 27-41 8-14 ,, 250-100 60 — -1-63 3405 27-42 8-IO — 7-44 ,, 100-50 80 — — 1-60 34-13 27-48 809 — ,, 50-0 — igio 100 ISO Z -1-49 -1-36 34-22 34-3° 27-55 27-62 8-08 8-04 z z 7-14 6-66 N70B N 100 B ■ 230-1 10 20II 2041 DGP 200 300 -0-74 0-21 34-41 34-56 27-69 27-76 8-02 7-98 — z — 5-92 5 09 N70 B N 100 B ■ 102-0 2055 2115 KT 400 — 086 3465 27-79 7-98 — — — — 4-82 600 — i-oo 3470 27-83 8-12 — — — — 4-27 800 — 0-83 34-70 27-84 8-i6 — — — — 4-31 1000 — 0-63 34-68 27-83 8-16 — — — — 4-34 1500 — 0-13 34-68 27-86 8-17 — — — — 4-40 2000 — 0-02 34-67 27-86 8-12 — — — — 4-59 2500 — -o-ig 34-67 27-87 8-34 — — — — 4-32 767 2 0 — 0-00 33-94 27-27 8-19 — — — — 8-19 N70 V 1000-750 09II Drift ice and bergs 10 — 0-00 33-95 27-28 8-19 — — — — — ,, 750-500 in vicinity 20 — — 0-02 33-96 27-29 8-i8 — — — — 8-03 ,y 500-250 30 — o-io 34-13 27-41 8-17 — — — — — 250-100 40 — 0-04 34-14 27-44 8-14 — — — — 7-59 ,, 100-50 50 — -0-15 34-15 27-46 8-14 — — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — -0-20 34-15 27-46 8-14 — — — — 7-41 N50 V 100-50 80 — -0-28 34-18 27-48 8-13 — — — — — ,, 50-25 100 — -0-30 34-19 27-50 8-12 — — — — 7-34 ,, 25-0 1 105 150 — -0-27 34-28 27-56 8-07 — — — — 6-68 N70B ! 270-118 I 120 1 150 DGP 200 — — O-IO 34-35 27-62 8-02 — — — — 609 N 100 B 1 ' 300 — 1-76 34-50 27-61 7-96 — — — — 4-99 N70B 1 107-0 1202 1222 KT 400 — I-7I 34-65 27-73 7-96 — — — — 4-20 N 100 B 600 — 1-44 34-66 27-76 8-i6 — — — — 4-06 800 — 1-37 34-70 27-81 8-02 — — — — 4-22 1000 — I-I5 34-69 27-80 8-08 — — — — 4-33 1500 — o-8i 3469 27-82 8-o8 — — — — 4-25 2000 — 0-41 34-68 27-85 8-13 — — — — 4-39 2500 — 0-29 34-67 27-84 8-22 — — — — 4-25 3000 2998 0-04 34-66 27-85 830 — — — — 4-30 768 2 0 060 34-02 27-31 8-21 — — — — 8-14 N70 V 1000-750 1724 10 — 060 34-02 27-31 8-21 — — — — — ,, 750-500 20 — 0-60 34-02 27-31 8-21 — — — — 8-14 ,, 500-250 30 — 0-49 34-03 27-32 8-i8 — — — — — ,, 250-100 40 — 0-38 34-03 27-33 8-17 — — — — 7-77 » 100-50 50 — 0-30 34-03 27-33 8-17 — — — — — ,. 50-0 60 — 0-25 34-03 27-34 8-16 — — — — 7-50 N 50 V 100-50 80 — 0-25 3403 27-34 8-14 — — — — — ,. 50-0 1 9 10 100 — 0-20 34-05 27-35 8-13 — — — — 7-28? N70 B \ 248-120 2135 2206 DGP 150 — 0-25 34-14 27-43 8-07 — — — — 6-59 N 100 B 200 — 0-34 34-21 27-47 8-03 — — — — 6-i8 N 70 B , 1 1 9-0 2220 2240 KT 300 — I-7I 34-49 27-60 7-95 — — — — 436 N 100 B 1 ^ 400 — 1-98 34-54 27-63 7-94 — — — — 4-IO 600 — 2-00 34-60 27-67 8-15 — — — — 3-77 800 — 1-96 3469 27-74 8-04 — — — — 3-85 1000 — 1-83 34-72 27-78 8-04 — — — — 3-94 1500 — ' 1-31 3471 27-82 8-26 — — — — 3-87 2000 — o-gi 34-69 27-82 8-18 — — — — 4-ig 2500 — o-si 34-68 27-84 8-12 — — — — 4-25 3000 — 0-2I 34-67 27-85 8-28 — — — — 4-13 769 3 0 0-85 3396 27-24 8-27 — — — — 8-64 N70 V 1000-770 0515 10 — 0-84 33-96 27-24 8-27 — — — — — >> 750-500 20 — 0-68 33-97 27-26 8-21 — — — — 8-13 ,, 500-250 30 — 0-41 33-97 27-28 8-16 — — — — — >> 250-100 40 — 0-38 33-97 27-28 8-14 — — — — 7-39 >. 100-50 50 — 0-30 33-98 27-29 8-13 — — — — — .> 50-0 60 — 0-30 33-99 27-30 8-13 " " 7-20 N 50 V 100-50 37 169—114. R.R.S. Discovery 11 769 cont. 770 771 772 773 774 Position 55" 15-4' S, 36° i6-4' W 3milesS6o°EofJason I, South Georgia 53° 43-7' S, 37°09-6'W 53° 24-3' S, 37° 11-3' W 53° 03-8' S, 37° 14' W 52° 43-4' S, 37° 17-5' W 193 1 12 xii 15 xii 15 xu 15-16 xii 16 xii 1555 131S 1642 2208 0517 Sounding (metres) 133' 2847* 1867* WIND Direction NNW ESE ESE ESE SE Force (knots) 7-10 24 II-16 SEA Direction NNW ESE ESE ESE SE Force Weather 5E. 997-2 991-6 991-9 991-4 99I-I Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 39 2-9 1-4 Wet bulb 2-9 1-7 1-4 Remarks low SE swell mod. NW swell mod. conf. N swell mod. conf. E swell mod. conf. SE swell 38 R.R.S. Discovery II 769—774 769 cont. 770 771 Age of moon (days) Depth (metres) 772 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 773 774 ~ o Q 2 Temp. S°/., 8o lOO 15° 200 300 400 600 800 1000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 125 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 ICO 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 o 10 20 30 40 5° 0-20 019 0-20 0-39 1-63 1-66 1-89 I-7S 1-55 3-40 2-53 2-44 2-i8 I -So i-ii 069 0-50 0-30 0-38 o-6o 1-73 1-68 1-41 i-oo o-gi 068 0-45 0-2I 0-20 0-56 1-03 1-71 I 79 1-91 1-82 1-66 1-62 i-6i 159 I 42 1-31 1-25 lOI 0-69 0-52 -0-I3 004 1-49 1-82 1-92 1-79 1-67 1-27 0-84 0-58 1-95 1-62 1-48 0-99 080 060 34-02 34-05 3406 34-17 34-42 34-49 34-67 34-70 34-70 33-66 34-01 34-00 33-98 33-98 34-02 34-04 34-05 34-13 34-15 34-22 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-05 34-05 34.06 34-08 34-22 34-33 34-47 34-54 34-64 34-67 34-67 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-05 34-05 34-07 34-14 34-43 34-55 34-61 34-67 34-70 34-68 34-67 33-98 33-98 33-98 33-99 34-02 34-03 pH 27-33 27-35 27-36 27-44 27-55 27-61 27-74 27-78 27-79 26-80 27-16 27-16 27-17 27-20 27-28 27-31 27-33 27-40 27-41 27-46 27-24 27-25 27-27 27-29 27-30 27-32 27-34 27-36 27-38 27-46 27-52 27-59 27-65 27-72 27-74 27-75 27-25 27-25 27-25 27-26 27-27 27-28 27-29 27-32 27-33 27-39 27-44 27-58 27-65 27-70 27-74 27-81 27-82 27-83 27-19 27-21 27-22 27-26 27-30 27-32 Mg. — atom m.' 8-12 8-12 8-09 8-03 7-96 7-95 8-17 8-07 8-07 8-09 8-15 8-15 8-16 8-i6 8-i6 8-12 8-12 8-07 8-05 8-01 8-16 8-16 8-i6 8-16 8-15 8-12 8-13 8-12 8-12 8-03 7-99 7-95 7-95 8-06 8-06 8-12 8-15 8-15 8-15 8-iS 8-15 8-14 8-14 8-15 8-13 8-08 8-05 7-95 7-94 7-98 8-04 7-99 8-30 8-18 8-27 8-16 8-16 8-17 8-16 8-16 8-13 Nitrate Nitrite N, Nitrite Nz c.c. litre 7-25 7-03 6-19 4-38 4-20 3-68 3-89 3-99 7-51 7-52 7-45 7-14 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 6-28 5-80 7-65 7-67 7-49 N 50 V N70B N 100 B N70 B N 100 B 7-37 7-23 5-90 5-17 4-22 4-04 3-82 4-04 3-89 7-49 7-55 7-45 7-42 7-31 7-08 6-47 4-35 3-91 3-85 3-82 3-98 3-73 4-18 4-08 7-40 5-95 7-35 N50 V N 50 V N70 V N 70B N 100 B Depth (metres) N50 V N70 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N70 V N50 V N70B N 100 B N 70B N 100 B 50-0 342-150 144-0 N50 V N70V 100-50 50-0 100-50 50-0 104-0 TIME 100-50 50-0 1000-750 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 [ 222-110 I 133-0 1000-750 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 100-50 50-0 j- 240-170 • 130-0 100-50 50-0 1000-800 750-500 500-250 250-100 0729 0814 1600 1320 To 0710 0800 0834 1607 DGP KT 1355 1418 1437 1645 1859 1942 222S 1840 1929 + li hours KT DGP KT 0042 0128 0523 0012 0114 0150 DGP KT 39 774—778 R.R.S. Discovery U i 774 cont. Position 52° 43-4' S, 37° 17-5' W 775 776 1931 16 xii 50°48-3'S, 37°2i-6' W 49° 29' S, 37° 22-5' W 777 778 16 xii 17 XII 50° 52-3' S, 36° i4-S'W 52°os-7'S, 35° 22-7' W 2130 Sounding (metres) WIND Direction 4910* 0930 5263* 1200 18 xii NW NWxW W Force (linots) SEA Direction 0730 1200 2000 0000 5033' 4372* wsw wsw 19 30 35 NW NWxW s W 7 Force 22-27 17 SWxW SWxW I I-16 8 WSW WSW SWxW SWxW Weathe C oq o oe 0=: 9892 979-7 978-4 Air Temp. ° C. Dry buJb 984-0 985-3 4-3 6-0 5-1 Wet bulb 4-1 s-i 4-0 985-5 986-3 2-9 4-4 mod. conf. NW swell no swell heavy WNW swell 2-7 3-4 2-1 1-7 1-7 1-6 hea-vy W swell heavy W x N swell mod. conf. S swell mod. conf. SW swell 40 R.R.S. Discovery 11 774—778 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS >.2 Mg. — atom m.^ TIME (days) Depth "1 Temp. Nitrate 0. Depth RemarKS I (metres) l| "C. S"/oo at pH P Nitrite Nitrite Nj Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To N-, 774 7 6o 0-44 34-04 27-33 8-13 — — — — 6-68 N70 V 100-50 cont. 8o 0-37 34-05 27-34 8-13 — — — — — ,, 50-0 — 0715 lOO ISO 0-20 0-19 34-08 34-15 27-38 27-44 8-o8 8-06 — z — z 6-94 6-44 N70B N 100 B ; 250-100 0727 0757 Estimated depth 200 300 z I-7I 1-71 34-34 34-48 27-49 27-60 7-98 7-95 z z z z 4-80 4-12 N70B N 100 B } 137-0 0812 0832 KT 400 — I -So 34-52 27-62 7-95 — — — — 3-96 600 — 1-94 34-62 27-70 8-16 — — — — 3-64 800 — 1-82 34-69 27-75 8-23 — — — — 3-62 1000 — 1-64 — — 8-07 — — — 5-49 1500 — 1-09 34-71 27-83 8-13 — — — — 4-13 775 8 0 3-73 34-15 27-17 8-20 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B } 288-112 106-0 2143 2225 2213 2245 DGP KT 776 8 0 10 20 30 — 5-29 5-28 5-26 5-25 34-12 34-13 34-14 34-14 26-97 26-97 26-99 26-99 8-23 8-23 8-23 8-23 — — — — 7-03 7-OI N70 V 1000-750 750-500 500-250 250-100 0937 40 — 4-84 34-14 27-04 819 — — — — 6-88 100-50 50 — 4-29 34-09 27-05 8-19 — — — — — 50-0 60 — 3-51 34-02 27-08 8-19 — — — — 7-07 N50V 100-50 80 — 3-13 34-05 27-14 8-15 — — — — — »> 50-0 — II39 100 150 — 3-01 1-86 34-05 34-01 27-15 27-21 8-14 8-11 z z 6-82 6-96 N70B N 100 B 1 356-170 1326 1355 DGP 200 300 z 1-52 1-81 34-01 34-16 27-24 27-34 8-12 8-02 z z — — 6-73 5-54 N70B N 100 B • 120-0 1411 1431 KT 400 — 209 34-29 27-41 7-99 — — — — 4-83 600 — 2-07 34-39 27-51 8-OI — — — — 4-16 800 — 2-29 34-54 2761 8-07 — — — — 3-63 1000 — 2-19 34-61 27-67 8-21 — — — — 3-6s 1500 — 2-04 34-72 27-77 8-17 — — — — 3-97 1990 — I 60 34-72 27-80 8-22 — — — — 4-00 2490 — 1-09 34-70 27-82 8-27 — — — — 3-98 2990 — 0-66 34-69 27-83 8-32 — — — — 3-91 3490 — 0-28 3467 27-84 8-40 — — — — 3-86 3990 — 0-12 34-66 27-84 8-14 — — — — 4-34 4480 4482 0-03 34-65 27-84 8-33 — — — — 4-02 777 9 0 — 3-32 33-98 27-07 8-21 — — — — 7-32 N50 V 100-50 0734 10 — 3-32 33-98 27-07 8-21 — — — — — )» 50-0 20 — 3-32 33-98 27-07 8-21 — — — — 7-35 N70V 1000-750 30 — 3-31 33-98 27-07 8-21 — — — — — 750-500 40 — 3-23 33-98 27-08 8-20 — — — — 7-31 500-250 50 — 2-99 33-99 27-11 8-18 — — — — — 250-100 60 — 2-49 33-99 27-15 8-17 — — — — 7-13 100-50 80 — 201 33-99 27-19 8-i6 — — — — — 50-0 — 0940 100 — 1-72 34-00 27-21 8-13 — — — — 6-93 N70B \ 200-98 103 I 1 102 DGP 150 — 0-88 34-00 27-27 8-11 — — — — 6-99 N 100 B 200 — 1-03 34-07 27-32 8-09 — — — — 6-41 N 70B I "S-o II18 1 140 KT 300 — i-i I 34-18 27-40 8-03 — — — — 5-61 N 100 B 400 — 1-97 34-37 27-49 7-97 — — — — 4-44 600 — 2-11 34-52 2760 8-03 — — — — 3-76 800 — 2-24 34-64 2769 8-07 — — — — 3-76 1000 — 2-22 — 8-17 — — — — 4-07 1500 — 183 34-71 27-78 808 — — — — 3-97 2000 — 1-30 34-71 27-82 809 — — — — 4-os 2500 — 0-94 34-70 27-83 8-19 — — — — 4-20 3000 — 0-58 34-68 27-84 8-24 — — — — 4-17 3500 — 0-34 34-66 27-83 8-40 — — — 4-02 778 lO 0 10 — 289 2-88 33-94 33-94 27-07 27-07 8-20 8-20 — — — — 7-49 N50 V 100-50 50-0 2005 20 — 2-82 3394 27-08 8-20 — — — — 7-48 N70 V 1000-770 30 — 2-09 33-96 27-16 8-20 — — — — — >. 750-500 40 — 1-50 3397 27-21 8-19 — — — — 7-57 '• 500-250 41 778—781 R.R.S. Discovery II Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Force (knots) SEA Force Air Temp. ^ C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 778 cont. S3°os-7' S, 3S° 22-7' W 1931 18-19 xii 779 S3°27-3'S, 34°3i-8'W 19 XII 0900 3445' SWxS 4-6 780 54° 23' S, 33° S4-S' W 19 XII 781 54° 24-4' S, 34° 324' W 1945 4484* 0142 2943' SExE 1-6 SWxS SExE 986-0 09 low S swell 985-5 985-2 0-4 0-4 mod. conf. E swell low conf. SE swell 42 R.R.S. Discovery II 778—781 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks >. i Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station moon (days) Depth j= § Temp. Nitrate 0, Gear Depth metres) •c. S7oo at pH P + Nitrite N, Nitrite N. Si c.c. litre (metres) From To 778 lO 50 1-30 33-97 27-22 8-i6 N70 V 250-100 Clint. 60 — 1-27 33-97 27-23 8-i6 — — 7-40 „ 100-50 80 — I-I I 33-97 27-24 8-16 — » — — ,, 50-0 2205 100 150 — o-8i 0-29 33-97 34-°7 27-26 27-36 8-15 8-06 z z 7-35 6-59 N70B N 100 B j 252-102 2259 2329 DGP 200 300 z I-I2 1-63 34-27 34-44 27-47 27-58 7-99 7-94 — — — 5-11 4-23 N70B N 100 B 1 1 I 1 9-0 2344 0004 KT 400 — 1-78 34-54 27-65 7-95 — — — 4-02 600 — 1-92 34-63 27-71 8-00 — — — 3-80 800 — 1-82 34-66 27-73 8-11 — — — 3-74 1000 — 1-79 34-70 27-77 8-06 — — — 4-01 1500 — 1-28 34-70 27-81 8-iS — — — 4-06 2000 — 0-88 34-70 27-84 8-32 — — — 4-03 2500 — 0-50 34-68 27-84 8-17 — — — 4-24 3000 — 0-25 34-67 27-85 8-16 — — — 4-49 3500 — 006 34-67 27-86 8-12 — — — 4-36 779 lO 0 10 — 0-90 089 34-07 34-07 27-33 27-33 8-12 8-12 — — — — 7-40 N70 V 1000-750 750-500 0935 20 — 0-82 34-07 27-33 8-12 — — — 7-40 .. 500-250 30 — 0-72 34-07 27-34 8-13 — — — — .. 250-100 40 — o'64 34-07 27-34 8-12 — — — 7-38 .. 100-50 50 — 052 34-07 27-35 8-12 — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — 0-50 34-07 27-35 8-II — — — 7-40 N50 V 100-50 80 — 0-42 34-08 27-37 8-11 — — — — »J 50-0 I 145 100 — 010 34-14 27-43 8-08 — — — 7-14 N 70 B / 280-140 1202 1232 DGP 150 — 0-30 34-26 27-51 8-OI — — — 5-92 N 100 B 200 — 1-31 34-47 27-62 7-95 — — — 4-55 N 70 B 1 146-0 1244 1304 KT 300 — I-7I 34-59 2769 7-95 — — — 4-03 N 100 B ) ^ 400 — 1-82 34-67 27-74 7-95 — — — 3-93 600 593 1-62 34-69 27-77 8-11 — — — 3-78 800 — 1-45 34-70 27-80 8-11 — — — 4-01 1000 — 1-37 34-69 27-79 8-12 — — — 3-94 1500 — I-I9 34-69 27-80 8-12 — — — 4-01 2000 — 092 34-68 27-82 8-12 — — — 4-09 2500 — 0-48 34-67 27-83 8-13 — — — 4-38 3000 3000 0-2I 34-66 27-84 8-18 — — — 4-22 780 lO 0 — 0-58 33-99 27-29 8-24 — — — — 8-14 N70 V 1000-750 1955 10 — 0-57 33-99 27-29 8-23 — — — ») 750-500 20 — 0-32 33-99 27-30 8-23 — — — 8-05 )) 500-250 30 — 009 34-00 27-32 8-18 — — — " 250-100 40 — -0-03 34-01 27-33 8-17 — — — 7-76 .. 100-50 50 — 0-29 34-07 27-39 8-15 — — — .. 50-0 60 -0-38 34-09 27-41 8-13 — — — 7-42 N 50 V 100-50 80 — -0-49 34-12 27-44 8-13 — — — — .. 50-0 2140 100 — -0-58 34-15 27-48 8-09 — — — 7-II N 70 B , 202-133 2233 2303 DGP 150 — — 0-40 34-25 27-54 8-04 — — — 6-54 N 100 B 1 200 — 0-29 34-38 27-61 7-99 — — — 5-59 N 70 B ■ 1 1 4"^ 2317 2337 KT 300 — 0-90 34-51 2768 7-96 — — — 4-8o N 100 B 1 ^ 400 — I 40 34-60 27-71 7-96 — — ■ — 4-27 600 — 1-49 34-67 27-77 8-11 — — — 4-04 800 — 1-32 34-68 27-79 8-01 — — ^- 4-14 1000 — i-io 34-69 27-80 8-07 — — — 4-20 1500 — 0-70 34-69 27-83 8-16 — — ^ — 4-17 2000 — 036 34-68 27-85 8-08 — — — 4-32 2500 — o-i8 34-67 27-85 8-13 — — — 4-51 3000 — o-oo 34-66 27-85 8-28 — — — 4-39 3500 — — 006 34-66 27-85 8-23 — — — 4-39 781 I I 0 089 34-o6 27-32 8-17 — — — 7-79 N50 V 100-50 0140 10 — 0-89 34-06 27-32 8-17 — — — — >. 50-0 20 — 0-71 34-07 27-34 8-17 — — — 7-75 N70 V 1000-780 30 — 041 34-08 27-37 8-17 — — — — .. 750-500 40 — 0-14 34-09 27-38 8-16 — — — 7-63 .. 500-250 5° — 001 34-10 27-40 8-13 — — — — .. 250-100 60 — 000 34-10 27-40 8-13 ' 7-48 " 100-50 43 781—786 R.R.S, Discovery II Position Sounding (metres) Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather O TO Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb 781 cont. 54° 24-4' S, 34° 32-4' W 1931 20 xii 782 54° 25-9' S, 35° lo-i' W 0658 1247' ESE 783 54° 27-3' S, 35° 47-5' W IIS9 SExS 784 55° 00' S, 36° 54-5' W 2050 254" SSE 785 54° 45-1' S, 37° 52-3' W 0133 258* 786 54° 30-2' S, 38° 506' W 0651 ESE oesp 984-3 SExS SSE 19 214* 22-27 9838 osp 984-1 985-5 989-4 0-5 03 mod. conf. E swell 1-8 0-7 1-7 0-7 0-3 0-6 mod. SE swell low conf. swell mod. conf. S swell mod. S swell 44 R.R.S. Discovery II 781—786 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS u Mg. — atom m.^ TIME R^marlci Station moon (days) Depth (metres) •si D. P u h Ternp. s°/„ 01 pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N, Si 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) I-'rom To ixvi 1 lai r\3 781 I I 8o — o-ii 34-11 27-42 8-13 N7OV 50-0 0330 cont. lOO — — 0-26 34-14 27-45 8-08 — — — 7-73? N70B !■ 182-128 0351 0421 DGP ISO — o-oo 34-24 27-52 8-01 — — — 6-21 N 100 B ) 200 300 0-S4 I 60 34-34 34-47 27-57 2760 7-98 7-96 — — — 5-43 4-45 N 70 B N 100 B j 139-0 0434 0454 KT 400 — 1-69 34-57 27-67 7-96 — — — 4-01 600 — 1-82 34-69 27-75 8-02 — — — 3-87 800 — 1-63 34-70 27-79 8-II — — — 3-92 1000 — I 42 34-70 27-80 8-17 — — — 3-88 1500 — 0-94 34-70 27-83 8-08 — — — 4-21 2000 — 0-51 34-69 27-84 8-27 — — — 4-14 2490 2490 0-31 34-68 27-85 8-21 — — 4-23 782 I I 0 081 33-99 27-27 8-17 — — — 7-65 N70V 1000-750 0703 10 — o-8o 33-99 27-28 8-17 — — — — 750-500 20 — 0-73 33-99 27-28 8-16 — — — 7-47 500-250 30 — 0-72 33-99 27-28 8-i6 — — — — 250-100 40 — 0-69 34-00 27-28 8-16 — — — 7-42 100-50 5° — 069 34-00 27-28 8-iS — — — — 50-0 60 — 0-59 34-01 27-30 8-12 — — — 7-28 N 50 V 100-50 80 — 040 34-02 27-32 8-12 — — — — — ,, 50-0 0830 100 — 036 34-04 27-33 8-12 — — 7-19 N70B f 204-1 16 0858 0928 DGP 150 — 0-30 34-14 27-42 8-06 — — 6-58 N 100 B 200 — o-6o 34-24 27-49 8-OI — — — 5-69 N70B 1 99-0 0941 1001 KT 300 — 1-40 34-43 27-58 7-95 — — — 4-46 N 100 B 400 — 1-70 34-53 27-64 7-94 — — — 3-99 600 — 1-91 34-62 27-71 8-04 — — — 3-78 800 — 1-79 34-67 27-74 8-11 — — — 3-77 1000 996 1-63 34-70 27-79 8-15 — — — 3-97 783 I I 0 1-68 33-90 27-14 8-15 — — 7-57 N50 V 100-50 1209 Water bottle touched 10 — i-6i 33-90 27-14 8-15 — — — — ,, 50-0 bottom at 152 m. 20 — 1-44 33-90 27-15 8-i6 — — — 7-62 N70 V 160-100 30 — 1-27 33-90 27-17 8-15 — — — — .. 100-50 40 — 090 33-94 27-22 8-15 — — 7-51 .. 50-0 ~~ 1220 50 — 0-70 3395 27-24 8-i6 — — — — N 70 B \ 88-0 1251 1309 KT 60 — 067 33-96 27-25 8-15 — — — 7-44 N 100 B 80 — 060 33-96 27-26 8-12 100 — 0-50 33-99 27-29 8-12 — — 7-27 150 — 036 34-04 27-33 8-II — — 7-06 784 12 0 276 33-87 27-03 8-35 — — — 9-38 N50 V 100-50 2057 10 — 2-54 33-87 27-05 8-35 — — — — 1» 50-0 21 10 20 — 1-58 33-87 27-12 8-36 — — — — 8-96 N70 B j 109-0 2145 2205 KT 30 — 090 33-90 27-19 8-21 — — — N 100 B 40 — 049 33-92 27-23 8-16 — — — 7-40 50 — 036 33-97 27-28 8-11 60 — 0-30 33-98 27-29 8-11 — — — 7-15 80 — 0-30 34-03 27-33 8-06 ICO — 023 34-07 27-37 8-06 — — — 6-59 150 — 0-30 34-11 27-39 8-05 — — — 6-33 200 — o-6o 34-17 27-43 8-00 — — 5-78 785 12 0 i'73 33-90 27-13 8-30 _ — 8-51 N50 V 100-50 0140 Water bottle touched 10 — I -So 3390 27-13 8-30 — — — — .- 50-0 0153 bottom at 222 m. 20 — 112 33-96 27-22 8-21 — — — 7-42 N 70 B } 9S-0 0301 0321 KT 30 — o-8i 33-96 27-25 8-17 — — — — N 100 B 40 — 0-70 33-96 27-25 8-16 — — — 7-62 50 — 0-62 33-96 27-26 8-16 60 — o-6o 33-96 27-26 8-15 — — — 7-59 80 — 0-43 33-96 27-27 8-10 100 — o-io 33-99 27-31 8-IO — — — 7-19 150 — 0-82 34-07 27-33 805 — — — 6-91 5-46 200 — 072 34-26 27-49 7-99 — "^ 786 12 0 _ 1-52 33-91 27-16 8-25 — — — 8-07 N50 V 100-50 0700 10 — 1-58 33-91 27-15 8-25 " ~ *' 50-0 0713 45 786—791 R.R.S. Discovery II Position Date Sounding (metres) Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather S C Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 786 cotit. 54° 30-2' S. 38° 50-6' W 1931 21 xii 787 54° 14-4' S, 39° 47-4' W 1137 1944 SSW SSW 788 54° 00-2' S, 40° 24-7' W 1550 2724* SWxS SWxS 789 S3°58-s'S, 39°So-6'W 2047 788* SW 17-21 SW 790 53° 56-8' S, 39° 16' w 0142 397' SSW 16 SSW 791 53°5S-6'S, 38°45-7'W 0522 177' SWxW 13 SWxW csp 9920 mod. S X W swell csp 9939 1-7 mod. S swell 9950 06 mod. SW swell 9951 -06 mod. SW swell be 9947 06 -0-8 mod. SW swell 46 R.R.S. Discovery II 786—791 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station moon (days) Depth (metres) ^1 Temp. S°/„o at pH 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks P Nitrate Nitrite N= Nitrite N, Si From To 786 12 20 1-59 33-91 27-15 8-25 8-11 N70B 1 0 cont. 30 40 50 — 1-69 1-40 0-25 33-92 33-91 33-92 27-16 27-17 27-25 8-16 8-16 8-16 — — — — 7-69 N 100 B ■ 82-0 0749 0809 KT 60 — — 0-02 33-93 27-26 8-16 — — — — 7-42 80 — — o-io 33-97 27-31 8-15 100 — — 0-09 34-05 27-37 8-11 — — — 6-93 150 — 0-19 34-10 27-39 8-06 — — — — 6-47 200 — 0-74 3426 27-49 7-99 — — — — 5-38 787 12 0 1-50 33-87 27-13 8-15 N50V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 100-50 50-0 , 200-148 1 154-0 1 140 I215 1257 II52 1244 1317 DGP KT 788 12 0 — 1-58 33-84 27-09 8-17 — — — — 7-44 N50 V 100-50 1557 10 — I-S8 33-84 27-09 8-17 — — — — — ,, 50-0 20 — 1-56 33-84 27-10 8-17 — — — — 7-46 N70 V 1000-750 30 — 1-49 33-85 27-11 8-17 — — — — — 750-500 40 — 0-88 33-87 27-17 8-17 — — — — 7-58 500-250 50 — o-8o 33-87 27-18 8-17 — — — — — 250-100 60 — 0-62 33-88 27-20 8-17 — — — — 7-51 100-50 80 — 0-19 33-90 27-23 8-14 — — — — — 50-0 1736 100 150 Z 0-20 o-6o 33-92 34-07 27-25 27-35 8-13 8-07 — — — — 6-96 6-04 N70B N 100 B > 280-100 1754 1824 DGP 200 300 Z I -05 1-80 34-16 34-34 27-39 27-49 8-02 7-96 — — z S-57 4-54 N70B N 100 B 1 I 19-0 1834 1854 KT 390 — 1-72 34-40 27-53 7-96 — — — — 4-37 590 — 2-o8 34-50 27-58 7-96 — — — — 3-94 790 — 2-00 34-60 27-67 8-21 — — — — 3-75 980 — 1-95 34-61 27-69 8-17 — — — — 3-71 1470 — 1-52 34-69 27-78 8-12 — — — — 3-95 i960 — I-I5 34-69 27-80 8-08 — — — — 4-16 2450 2453 0-69 34-68 27-83 8-23 — — — — 4-06 789 12 0 — I-I2 33-90 27-18 8-18 — — — — 7-67 N70 V 500-250 2055 Stray on wire 10 — I-I2 33-90 27-18 8-18 — — — — — >» 250-100 20 — I-I2 33-90 27-18 8-18 — — — — 7-75 >t 100-50 30 — 1-09 33-90 27-18 8-18 — — — — — ,. 50-0 40 — 0-94 33-93 27-21 8-17 — — — — 7-73 N50 V 100-50 50 — 084 33-93 27-21 8-17 — — — — — ,, 50-0 2230 60 80 — 0-70 0-20 33-94 33-96 27-23 27-28 8-17 8-13 — — 7-64 N70B N 100 B / 222-104 2244 2314 DGP 100 150 — 0-29 o-ii 33-98 34-04 27-29 27-34 8-13 8-o8 z z z z 7-23 6-76 N70B N 100 B !■ 118-0 2329 2349 KT 200 — 0-2I 34-10 27-39 8-04 — — — — 6-33 300 — I-IO 34-37 27-56 7-97 — — — — 4-93 400 — 1-52 34-52 27-65 7-95 — — — — 4-30 600 — 1-93 34-65 27-71 7-97 — — — — 3-86 Water bottle touched bottom at 600 m. 790 13 0 — 1-32 33-96 27-21 8-22 — — — — 8-19 N 50 V 100-50 0150 10 — 1-32 33-96 27-21 8-22 — — — — — ,, 50-0 20 — I-31 33-96 27-21 8-22 — — — — 8-18 N70 V 350-250 Stray on wire 30 — 1-30 33-96 27-21 8-22 — — — — — ,, 250-100 »» >» 40 — 0-90 33-98 27-26 8-17 — — — — 7-60 ,, 100-50 5° — 0-79 33-98 27-27 8-17 — — — — — ,, 50-0 0258 60 — 0-62 33-99 27-29 8-12 — — — — 7-39 N70B 1 97-0 0309 0328 KT 80 — 0-50 34-04 27-32 8-12 — — — — — N 100 B 100 — 0-45 34-05 27-34 8-12 — — — — 7-10 150 — 0-37 34-14 27-42 8-06 — — — — 636 200 — 0-63 34-23 27-48 8-02 — — — — 5-77 300 — 1-48 34-49 27-62 7-95 — — — — 4-37 791 13 0 — 1-23 34-01 27-26 8-17 — — — — 7-80 N50 V 100-50 0527 10 — 1-23 34-01 27-26 8-17 ~ ~ " ft 50-0 47 791—796 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 791 coiit. 792 793 794 795 796 Position 53° 55-6' S, 38° 45-7' W 3 miles S 60° E of Jason I, South Georgia 3 miles S 60° E of Jason I , South Georgia 53° 42-4' S, 32° 53-2' W 53°44-6'S, 3i''o2-i'W 53° 47-1' 3,28° 149' W Date I931 22 xii 1932 5 i 6i 7 1 1652 1803 0900 1200 0900 Sounding (metres) 3318* 3919" 4945' WIND Direction NW WxN SSW NNW NNW NxW Force (knots) 14 14 SEA Direction 48 N\V WxN SSW NNW NNW NxW Force Weather od 9915 10046 1004-3 1003-9 1003-1 994-t Air Temp. ° C. Drv- bulb 1-4 0-7 1-7 0-9 2-7 Wet bulb -0-3 0-8 0-4 2-6 Remarks low NW swell mod. conf. swell heavy conf. SSW swell heavy conf. swell mod. conf. swell mod. conf. swell R.R.S. Discovery II 791—796 Station Age of moon HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Mg. — atom m.^ TIME (days) Depth %B Temp. S "'o. pH Nitrate 0, Depth (metres) °C. at P + Nitrite Nitrite Ni Si CO. litre Gear (metres) From To •5 N. 791 13 20 1-22 34-01 27-26 8-17 — 7-79 N70 V 100-50 cont. 30 — i-i8 3401 27-26 8-17 — — — — — ,, 50-0 — 0555 40 50 0-93 080 33-99 3399 27-27 27-28 8-16 8-i6 Z z 7-54 N70B N 100 B ! I I 0-0 0628 0646 KT 60 — 0-78 33-99 27-28 8-i6 — — — ■ — 7-47 80 — 0-74 33-99 27-28 8-12 100 — 0-64 34-OI 27-30 8-12 — — — — 7-30 150 — 0-42 34-05 27-34 8-07 792 13 0 — 3-17 32-82 2615 8-15 — — — — — N 50 V 1 00-0 1850 1900 793 27 0 — 2-58 33-68 26-89 8-20 — — — — — N50V 1 00-0 1813 1820 794 28 0 _ 0-5S 34-07 27-35 8-13 7-42 N50V I 00-0 0905 0925 10 0-53 34-08 27-36 8-12 — — — N 100 B 250-0 1216 1246 DGP 20 30 0-52 0-50 34-08 34-08 27-36 27-36 8-12 8-12 — z z z 7-42 N70B N 100 B t 202-98 1312 1343 DGP 40 50 z 0-50 0-50 34-08 34-08 27-36 27-36 8-12 8-12 — — — — 7-44 N70B N 100 B r 102-0 1358 I418 KT 60 — 0-55 3409 27-36 8-12 — — — — 7-45 80 — — 0-42 34-14 27-46 8-12 100 — -0-S7 34- 1 8 27-50 8-o8 — — — . — 7-10 150 — -0-13 34-31 27-58 8-02 — — — — 6-06 200 — 1-30 34-45 27-60 7-96 — — — — 4-84 300 — 1-32 34-66 27-77 7-95 — — — — 4-26 400 — 1-50 34-68 27-78 7-98 — — — — 4-16 600 596 1-50 34-69 27-78 8-01 — — — — 4-23 800 — 1-22 34-70 27-82 8-11 — — — — 4-22 1000 — 1-02 34-72 27-84 8-11 — — — — 4-33 1500 — 0-62 34-71 27-87 8-06 — — — — 4-41 2000 — 0-32 34-69 27-85 8-os — — — — 4-55 2500 — o-ii 34-67 27-85 8-18 — — — — 4-48 3000 — — o-oi 34-66 27-85 8-17 — — — — 4-68 795 29 0 — 0-55 33-96 27-26 8-12 — — — — 7-46 N50 V 1 00-0 2016 2025 10 20 z 0-S4 0-49 33-96 33-96 27-26 27-26 8-12 8-12 — 7-48 N70B N 100 B 1 310-124 2230 2300 DGP 30 40 — 0-41 0-40 33-96 3396 27-27 27-27 8-13 8-II — z 7-46 N70B N 100 B J 124-0 2314 2334 KT 50 — — 0-02 34-01 27-33 8-12 60 — -o-8o 34-10 27-44 8-09 — — — — 7-50 80 — — i-oi 34-14 27-48 8-o8 100 — — 1-02 34-17 27-50 8-07 — — — — 7-13 150 — -0-79 34-28 27-59 8-03 — — — — 6-29 200 — — 0-04 34-45 27-68 8-00 — — — — 5-34 300 — o-6i 34-61 27-79 7-96 — — — — 4-67 400 — 0-78 3467 27-82 7-97 — — — — 4-50 600 — 0-70 34-68 27-83 8-01 — — — — 4-40 800 — 0-57 34-68 27-84 8-01 — — — — 4-40 1000 — 0-49 34-67 27-83 8-02 — — — — 4-49 1500 — 0-22 34-67 27-85 8-o6 — — — — 454 2000 — O-OI 34-67 27-86 8-07 — — — — 4-66 2500 — — 009 34-67 27-87 8-22 — — — — 4-64 3000 — — 0-14 3467 27-87 816 — — — — 4-77 796 29 0 — 1-93 33-96 27-17 8-15 — — — — 7-12 N50 V 1 00-0 0910 0914 + 2 hours 10 — 1-92 33-96 27-17 8-16 — — — — — N 70 B • 248-102 1200 1230 DGP 20 — i-gi 33-96 27-17 8-i6 — — — — 7-13 N 100 B I ^ 30 — 1-91 33-96 27-17 8-16 — — — — — N70B I 131-O 1240 1300 KT 40 — 1-91 33-96 27-17 8-16 — — — — 7-13 N 100 B 50 — 1-83 33-96 27-17 8-16 60 — 1-80 33-96 27-18 8-16 — — — — 7-II 80 — 0-33 34-04 2733 8-07 100 — 0-39 34-11 27-39 8-06 — — — — 6-53 150 1-19 34-32 27-51 7-96 4-80 49 796—799 R.R.S. Discovery II 796 cont. 797 798 Position 53° 47-1' S, 28° 14-9' W 54° 44-7' S, 27'' 20-8' W 54° 50-5' S, 25° 56' W 799 Date 1932 7 i 7 1 Hour 2000 0000 Sounding (metres) 6377* 7076* WIND NxE NExN 54° 43-7' S, 24° 30' W 0900 2000 0000 5010* 4282* Force (knots) 27 28 SEA Direction NxE NExN NE E ExS 19 18 Force NE E ExS o orsq £ 'C P=3 98s I 979-8 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 2-2 1*2 Wet bulb 1-8 10 ors oe 9793 1-7 984-0 987-7 1-2 1-3 Remarks mod. conf. NNEs-well heavy NNW swell 1-7 heavy conf. NE swell i-i i-i heavy conf. NE swell heavy NNE swell 50 R.R.S. Discovery II 796—799 Station Age of moon HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks _2 u Mg. — atom m.' O- TIME (davs) Depth metres) Temp. •c. S°/o„ at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N; \-itrite N, Si c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 796 29 200 I-S8 34-45 27-58 7-94 — — 4-21 cont. 300 1-70 3454 27-65 7-94 — — 4-01 400 I 90 34-61 27-70 7-94 — — 3-89 600 1-82 34-67 27-74 8oi — — 3-87 800 1-89 34-72 27-78 8-os — — 4-08 1000 1-78 34-74 27-81 8-II — — 4-14 1500 I -08 34-71 27-84 8-12 — — 4-21 2000 056 34-69 27-84 8-12 — — 4-37 2500 0-23 34-68 27-86 8-12 — — 4-76 3000 — 006 34-67 27-86 8-17 — — 4-55 797 o 0 0-76 33-99 27-28 8-II — — — — 7-36 N70B N 100 B 250-122 2016 2046 DGP 10 0-74 34-03 27-31 8-11 — 1 ^ 20 0-73 34-03 27-31 8-11 — 7-34 N 70 B j 153-0 2I0I 2I2I KT 30 071 34-04 27-31 8-II — N 100 B 40 0-69 34-05 27-32 8-11 — 7-38 N50 V 1 00-0 2139 2145 50 060 34-05 27-33 8-11 60 0-46 34-05 27-34 8-IO — 7-38 80 — 0-65 34-09 27-42 8-08 100 — 0-70 34-14 27-47 8-04 — 5-64 ISO 0-30 34-39 27-62 7-96 — 5-36 200 I-IO 34-52 27-67 7-95 — 4-50 300 132 34-60 27-72 7-94 — ^ 4-21 400 132 3464 27-76 7-95 — 4-28 500 1-35 34-68 27-79 8-07 — 4-06 600 1-30 34-68 27-79 8-01 — 4-16 800 ■' I-IO 34-67 27-79 8-07 — 4-29 1000 0-78 34-70 27-85 8-22 — 4-30 1500 0-45 34-70 27-87 8-02 — ■ 4-45 2000 019 34-67 27-85 8-39 — 4-39 2500 0-02 34-67 27-86 8-13 — 4-50 3000 — 0-I2 34-67 27-87 8-22 — 4-44 3500 3518 -023 34-66 27-86 8-18 798 o 0 10 — 096 096 — — 8-11 8-11 — — — — 7-33 N70B N 100 B / 242-116 0918 0948 |DGP. Salinity ( samples lost 20 30 40 — 094 0-91 0-90 — — 8-II 8-11 8-11 — — — — 7-34 7-32 N 70 B N 100 B N50 V I 137-0 1 00-0 1002 1027 1022 1038 KT 50 0-86 — — 8-II 60 o-So — — 8-11 80 o-o8 — — 8-09 100 — 0-30 — — 8-o8 — 7-34 ' 150 — 0-22 — — 8-02 — 6-45 200 o-8o — — 7-96 — — 5-02 300 1-29 — — 7-94 — 4-40 390 1-70 — — 7-95 — 4-04 590 1-62 — — 8-01 780 1-42 — — 8-00 — 4-12 980 1-21 — — 8-12 — 4-18 1470 0-62 — — 8-12 — 4-33 i960 0-38 — — 8-11 — 4-48 2440 0-20 — — 8-23 — 4-54 4-56 2930 0-02 — — 8-08 — 3420 -0-I5 — — 8-23 — 4-44 4-64 3910 -032 — — 8-33 — 4400 4402 -036 — — 8-28 — 4-60 799 I 0 1-30 — — 8-12 — — — — 7-29 N50 V 1 00-0 2010 2020 Most salinity samples lost 10 1-30 — 8-12 20 30 40 50 — 1-30 1-30 1-28 1-23 — — 8-12 8-12 8-12 8-12 — — — — 7-26 7-28 N 70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B \ 334-130 j 131-0 2309 2351 2339 001 1 DGP KT 60 I -02 — — 8-12 — 7-29 80 0-31 — — 8-08 100 -o-i8 — — 8-04 " 7-21 SI 799—802 R.R.S. Discovery II 799 cont. 800 801 Position 54° 43-7' S, 24° 3°' W 54° 33-3' S, 22° 28-4' W 54° 26-4' S, 21° ii-i' W Date 1932 8-9 i 9 1 0900 Sounding (metres) 2958* 9 I 802 54° is'S, 19° ii-i' W 1742 0400 2492'" WIND 4342 Force (knots) ESE ExS ESE 13 SEA Direction IS ESE Force ExS ESE Weather 992-2 Air Temp. ^ C. Dr\- bulb 1-7 994-9 9977 1-4 Wet bulb 1-4 1-3 06 Remarks heavy conf. NE swell heavy conf. E swell mod. conf. E swell 52 R.R.S. Discovery II 799—802 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks >.S Mg. — atom m.^ TIME moon (days) Depth Temp. Nitrate 0, Gear Depth (metres) °C. S'/oo 01 pH P + Nitrite N, Nitrite N. Si c.c. litre (metres) From To 799 J 150 — 0-I2 _ _ 8-00 6-59 cont. 200 — 0-73 — — 7-96 — S-io 300 — 128 — — 7-93 — 4-25 400 — 1-39 — — 7-92 — 4-17 590 — 1-50 — — 8-12 — 399 790 1-62 — — 8-17 — 3-95 990 1-40 — — 8-16 — 4-04 1480 — 0-72 — — 8-09 — 4-30 1970 0-41 — — 8-08 — 4-39 2470 — 0-22 34-68 27-86 8-09 ■ — 4-47 2960 — o-io 34-66 27-84 8-09 — 463 3450 3453 -0-03 34-66 27-85 8-i8 — 4-62 800 I 0 0-83 33-77 27-08 8-12 — 7-36 N50V 1 00-0 0909 0916 10 20 — 0-83 0-89 33-77 33-78 27-08 27-10 8-12 8-12 z z 7-36 N70B N 100 B ■ 310-140 1045 III5 DGP 30 40 — 0-92 0-93 33-78 33-79 27-10 27-11 8-12 8-12 z z z — 7-36 N70B N 100 B 1 144-0 I 126 II46 KT SO — 0-94 33-80 27-11 8-12 60 — 096 33-81 27-12 8-12 — — — — 7-34 80 — 0-88 33-83 27-14 8-12 100 — 0-66 33-91 27-21 8-12 — — — — 7-33 150 — o-6i 34-19 27-45 7-97 — — — ' — 5-54 200 — 1-40 34-41 27-56 7-95 — — — — 4-47 300 — . 1-62 34-55 27-67 7-93 — — — — 4-08 400 — 1-79 34-60 2769 7-93 — — — — 3-99 600 — 1-86 34-70 27-77 8-11 — — — — 3-92 800 — 1-62 34-7° 27-79 8-o8 — — — — 4-10 1000 — 1-37 34-70 27-81 8-o8 — — — — 4-17 1500 — 0-72 34-68 27-83 8-06 — — — — 4-41 2000 — 0-39 34-68 27-85 8-08 — — — — 4-46 2500 — 0-19 34-67 27-85 8-18 — — — — 4-56 801 2 0 — I-7I 33-89 27-12 8-14 — — — — 7-29 N50 V 1 00-0 1744 1753 10 — 1-71 33-89 27-12 8-14 — — — — — N 70 B N 100 B ■ 210-128 1857 1927 DGP 20 — 1-71 33-89 27-12 8m4 — — — — 7-28 1 30 40 — 1-70 1-69 33-89 3389 27-13 27-13 8-14 8-13 — — — — 7-31 N 70 B N 100 B 1 104-0 1938 1958 KT SO — 1-70 33-89 27-13 8-13 60 — 1-71 33-90 27-13 8-13 — — — — 7-30 80 — 1-53 33-96 27-20 8-11 100 — 0-41 34-03 27-33 8-11 — — — 7-28 ISO — — o-ii 34-14 27-45 8-02 — — — — 6-74 200 — 0-92 34-35 27-56 7-96 — — — — 5-05 300 — 1-73 34-52 27-63 7-94 — — — — 413 400 — 1-83 34-63 27-71 7-93 — — — — 4-09 600 — 1-71 3467 27-75 8-00 — — — — 3-94 800 — 1-61 34-69 27-77 8-IO — — — '' — 4-04? 1000 — 1-63 34-70 27-79 8-10 — — — — 4-22 1500 — I-I2 34-70 27-82 8-11 — — — — 419 2000 — 0-65 34-68 27-83 8-12 — — ~ 4-32 802 2 0 2-II 33-93 27-12 8-iS — — 7-14 N 50 V 1 00-0 0405 0415 10 20 — 2-1 1 2-12 33-93 33-93 27-12 27-12 8-15 8-15 — — — — 7-15 N70B N 100 B 1 320-70 0633 0704 / DGP. Depths un- ^ certain 30 40 2-1 I 2-1 I 33-93 33-93 27-12 27-12 8-iS 8-iS — — — 7-12 N 70 B N 100 B \ 126-0 0721 0741 KT 50 — 2-II 33-93 27-12 815 60 — 2-10 33-93 2713 8-IS — — — 7-13 80 — 1-92 33-95 27-16 815 100 — 1-08 33-99 27-26 8-11 — — — — 6-85 ISO — 0-71 34-09 27-35 8-06 — — — 6-42 200 — 0-73 34-17 27-42 8-01 — — — 5-88 300 — 1-77 3442 27-54 7-95 — — — — 4-36 400 — 1-98 34-51 27-60 7-94 — — — — 4-00 600 — 2-o8 34-61 27-68 8-09 — — — — 3-68 800 — 2-01 34-69 27-74 8-05 ~ 3-84 53 802—806 R.R.S. Discovery II Static Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather mo Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 802 cont. 803 804 54° is'S, 19° ii-i'W 53° 24-7' S, 22° 19-1' W 55° 303' S, 21° 02-6' W 1932 10 i 4142" WxS WxS 29 2-8 mod. conf. E swell 2000 0000 4932" SSE S 14 6 SSE S 1005-7 1007-1 -o-i -0-2 1-2 1-3 low SE swell low conf. swell 805 56° 41-4' S, 20° 38-2' w 0906 1200 4303'' SSW S 10 8 SSW S 1007-1 1007-6 00 -0-2 -1-7 — 2-1 low S swell low S swell 806 57° 27-2' S, 21° 28-8' w 4057" 1009-0 -2-3 low S swell 54 R.R.S. Discovery II 802—806 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks j3 0 Mg. — atom m.^ TIME (day?) Depth (metres) ■si SI Temp. S°Lo at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N. Nitrite N, Si o, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 802 2 lOOO 2-10 34-74 27-78 8-05 — 4-06 COIlt. 1500 2530 2526 1-5° 051 34-73 34-68 27-82 27-84 8-11 8-i6 — — — — 4-II 4-39 803 3 0 270 33-94 27-09 8-15 N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 , 308-130 120-0 2104 2130 221 1 2III 2200 2231 DGP KT 804 4 0 10 — 0-53 0-57 33-54 33-55 26-92 26-93 8-15 8-is — z — — 7-57 N50 V N70 V 1 00-0 750-500 2007 20 — o-6i 33-57 26-94 8-15 — — — 7-55 ,, 500-250 30 — 0-48 33-57 26-94 8-15 — — — — ,, 250-100 40 — 0-41 33-69 27-05 8-14 — — — 7-57 „ 100-50 50 — -o-o8 33-80 27-16 8-10 — — — — ,, 50-0 — 2230 60 — -0-39 33-81 27-19 8-11 — — — 7-63 N70 B 1 80 — -0-67 33-90 27-27 8-IO — — — N 100 B - 290-104 2300 2330 DGP 100 140 z -0-59 — 0-04 33-99 34-20 27-35 27-48 8-06 8-00 — — 6-90 6-04 N70B N 100 B J 130-0 2348 oooS KT 190 — III 34-43 27-60 7-99 — — — 4-65 280 — 1-51 34-54 27-67 7-98 — — — 4-20 380 — 1-65 34-62 27-73 7-94 — — — 4-12 S70 — 1-57 34-69 27-77 8-03 — — — 4-03 760 — 1-43 34-70 27-80 8-04 — — — 4-i8 95° — 1-22 34-70 27-82 8-08 — — ' — 4-22 1420 — 0-73 34-69 27-83 8-08 — — — 4-30 1890 1893 0-40 34-69 27-85 8-05 — — ■ — 4-55 805 4 0 10 20 — 0-58 0-59 0-58 33-53 33-53 33-53 26-91 26-91 26-91 8-15 8-15 8-15 — — — 7-53 7-53 N70 V 1000-750 750-500 500-250 0919 30 — 0-20 33-58 26-98 8-16 — — — — 250-100 40 — o-ii 33-64 27-02 8-16 — — — 7-62 100-50 50 — -o-o8 33-87 27-22 8-16 — — — — 50-0 60 — -0-I7 33-96 27-30 8-11 — — — 7-67 N50 V 1 00-0 — 105 1 80 100 z — 0-29 -0-49 33-99 34-06 27-33 27-39 8-10 8-10 z z z — 7-40 N70B N 100 B 1 274-138 1218 1249 DGP 150 200 — -0-49 092 34-14 34-44 27-46 27-63 8-04 7-93 — — — . : — 6-70 4-83 N70B N 100 B - 122-0 1300 1322 KT 300 — 1-38 34-6o 27-72 7-93 — — — ■ — 4-23 400 — 1-50 34-65 27-75 7-94 — — — — 4-16 580 582 1-63 34-70 27-79 8-04 — — — — 4-04 770 — 1-44 34-72 27-81 8-14 — — — — 4-12 970 — 113 34-73 27-84 8-08 — — — 4-20 1450 — 059 34-70 27-86 8-04 — — — •' — 4-40 1930 — 0-34 34-70 27-87 8-04 — — — • — 4-35 2420 — o-i I 34-69 27-86 8-15 — — — — 4-74 2900 — — 009 34-68 27-88 8-i6 — — — — 4-47 3370 — — 0-24 34-68 27-88 8-16 — — — — 4-63 806 5 0 — 0-51 33-60 26-97 8-12 — — — 7-48 N70 V 1000-800 2005 10 — 0-40 33-65 27-02 8-12 — — — — — 750-500 20 — 0-34 33-65 27-02 8-12 — — — — 7-46 500-250 30 — 031 33-66 27-02 8-12 — — — — — 250-100 40 — OI2 33-69 27-06 8-11 — — — — 7-49 100-50 SO — -o-o8 33-81 27-17 8-12 — — — — — 50-0 60 — — o-io 33-92 27-27 8-09 — — — — 7-51 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2144 80 100 -0-30 -0-38 33-99 34-06 27-33 27-39 8-09 8-08 z z z — 6-99 N70 B N 100 B j 216-144 2213 2243 DGP 150 200 0-22 1-34 34-24 34-49 27-51 27-63 7-98 7-93 z z z z 5-86 3-72 N70B N 100 B 1 I 16-0 2254 2314 KT 300 — 1-68 34-61 27-71 7-92 — — — — 4-12 400 — 1-71 34-63 27-72 7-95 — — — — 4-10 590 — 1-64 34-69 27-77 8-OI — — — — 4-12 790 — 1-52 34-76 27-84 8-02 — — — — 4-16 980 ~ I-2I 34-75 27-86 8-03 4-24 55 I 806—809 R.R.S. Discovery II 806 cont. 807 808 809 Position 57° 27-2' S, 21° 28-8' W 58° 47-7' S, 21° 40-4' W 59° 56' S, 22° 20-7' W 61° 09-9' S, 22° 369' w Date 1932 12 i 13 1 13 14 I 0830 0924 Sounding (metres) 4062* 4442' 4529' WIND WNW NNE NE Force (knots) 19 14 SEA Direction WNW NNE NE Force Weather E.-e pai. 1007-5 999-7 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 0-3 Wet bulb Remarks low WNW swell no swell no swell 56 R.R.S. Discovery II 806—809 Station 806 cont. 807 808 809 Age of moon (days) Depth (metres) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 1480 1970 2460 2950 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 990 1490 1990 2490 2980 3480 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 190 290 390 580 770 960 1440 1920 2400 2880 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 390 590 780 980 1470 1990 2490 Temp. ' C. 2953 3477 2883 984 059 030 008 0-02 -0-43 -0-40 -0-39 -0-67 - 1-09 -0-79 -079 - 1-22 -1-29 -049 0-I2 090 0-84 067 050 0-41 0-22 003 -0-13 -030 -039 012 0-40 0-42 032 0-23 039 0-20 -o-i8 -0-67 -0-69 -0-19 1-03 1-31 I-I7 i-oi o-8i 0-43 0-25 o-o8 -o-ii - I 09 -I-I7 -1-51 -1-59 -IS9 - 1-62 - 1-69 -1-71 - 169 -1-51 -0-69 026 0-41 0-40 0-33 026 004 -010 -0-28 34-70 34-70 34-68 34-67 3339 33-41 33-43 33-51 33-71 33-85 33-96 34-00 34-12 34-32 34-49 34-63 34-68 34-67 34-67 34-66 34-66 34-66 34-66 34-66 34-66 33-53 33-64 33-69 33-77 33-87 34-01 34-04 34-07 34-11 34-23 34-35 34-61 34-66 34-70 34-70 34-70 34-70 34-69 34-68 34-68 32-82 32-84 33-81 33-98 34-08 34-19 34-29 34-34 34-36 34-44 34-52 34-66 34-69 34-69 34-69 34-68 34-67 34-67 34-67 27-86 27-87 27-87 27-86 26-85 26-87 26-89 26-96 27-14 27-24 27-33 27-37 27-47 27-60 27-70 27-78 27-82 27-82 27-83 27-83 27-84 27-85 27-86 27-87 27-87 26-93 27-01 27-05 27-11 27-21 27-31 27-34 27-39 27-44 27-54 2762 27-76 27-77 27-82 27-83 27-84 27-86 27-86 27-87 27-88 26-41 26-43 27-23 27-37 27-45 27-54 27-61 27-66 27-68 27-74 27-77 27-84 27-85 27-85 27-85 27-86 27-86 27-87 27-87 pH 8-13 8-08 8-08 8-13 8-14 8-14 8-14 8-iS 8-14 8-11 8-ir 8-IO 8-06 8-00 7-99 7-97 7-97 8-08 8-o8 8-o8 8-04 8-15 8-iS 8-15 8-15 8-12 8-12 8-12 8-12 8-12 8-11 8-11 8-08 8-07 8-03 8-OI 7-95 7-95 8-06 8-06 8-02 8-11 8-16 8-16 8-i8 -13 -13 -10 -09 -09 -09 -09 -08 -05 -03 -98 -96 -95 -06 -06 -07 ,-08 ;-o8 ;-i7 Mg. — atom m.' Nitrate Nitrite N, Nitrite N, O. CO. litre 4-37 4-42 4-67 4-65 7-62 7-61 7-54 7-49 6-71 5-64 4-96 4-40 4-40 4-34 4-28 4-37 4-51 4-45 4-89 4-85 7-41 7-43 7-46 7-42 7-37 6-8o 5-84 4-60 4-36 4-24 4-22 4-37? 4-25 4-37 4-43 4-62 7-60 7-21 6-93 6-71 6-49 6-03 5-25 4-30 4-21 4-20 4-26 4-26 4-56 4-69 4-70 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATION'S Gear N50 V N70 V N70B N 100 B N 70 B N 100 B N50 V N70 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N70 V N 50 V N 70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B Depth (metres) 1 00-0 1000-770 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 |- 262-84 I 137-0 1 00-0 1000-750 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 ,• 250-100 1000-750 750-300 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 1 00-0 ■ 196-104 ! 128-0 0835 1 109 1150 2012 2236 2316 093s 1221 1306 1017 1139 1210 2206 2306 2336 1159 1251 1326 Remarks + 4 hours DGP KT DGP KT DGP KT 57 809—813 R.R.S. Discovery II Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) Direction Force (knots) SEA Directio Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 809 cont. 810 811 6i° 099' S, 22° 369' W 61° 307' S, 23° 12-3' W 62°44'S, 23° i8-4'W 812 813 64° i2-s' S, 22° 57' w 64° SS-9' S, 23° 13' W 1932 14 i 141 IS 1 1740 4276* 5125" 16 i 16 0846 5013 5013" NxE W SExS 15 15 58 NxE W SExS 9877 989-0 -0-9 no swell no swell 989-8 -0-9 no swell 991-9 ■2-5 -2-9 no swell R.R.S. Discovery 11 809—813 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS u Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station moon Remarks (days) Depth ii 'remp. s °/„o pH Nitrate 0, Depth (metres "C. Ol P Nitrite N, Nitrite N= Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To 809 6 2980 _ — 0-36 34-66 27-87 8-17 _ _ _ 4-84 COtlt. 3480 — — 0-42 34-66 27-87 8-18 — — — 4-84 3980 3978 -0-50 34-66 27-88 8-i8 — — — 5-09 810 7 0 -076 33-33 26-81 8-09 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B f 304-130 [ 166-0 2019 2I0I 2049 2I2I DGP KT 811 8 0 10 — -1-55 -1-56 33-68 33-68 27-12 27-12 8-10 8-11 z z — — 7-46 N70 V 1000-750 750-500 1740 20 — -1-58 33-72 27-16 8-11 — — — — 7-46 „ 500-250 30 — -i-6i 34-17 27-52 8-IO — — — — ,, 250-100 40 — — 1-69 34-34 27-66 8-09 — — — — 6-96 ») 100-50 50 — -178 34-38 27-70 8-06 — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — -i-8i 34-40 27-71 8-05 — — — — 6-72 N50 V 1 00-0 — 1900 80 — -1-86 34-42 27-72 8-04 — — — — — N70B N 100 B 1 fKT. Nets towed in a circle among [ light ice 100 — -1-83 34-43 27-74 8-04 — — — — 6-39 1 I 13-0 1939 1959 150 — -1-47 34-46 27-75 8-01 — — — — 5-99 200 — -0-17 34-60 27-81 7-97 — — — — 4-76 300 — 0-39 34-65 27-82 7-94 — — — — 4-28 400 — 0-41 34-69 27-85 7-95 — — — — 4-29 590 — 041 34-69 27-85 8-04 — — — — 4-07 790 — 0-34 3469 27-85 8-01 — — — — 4-22 990 — 0-25 3469 27-86 8-01 — — — — 4-38 1490 — 0-02 34-68 27-87 8-11 — — — — 4-50 1980 — — 014 34-67 27-87 8-16 — — — — 4-61 2470 — — 0-24 34-67 27-87 8-20 — — — — 4-68 2970 2969 -0-32 34-66 27-87 8-16 — — — — 4-86 812 8 0 — -126 33-82 27-23 8-o8 — — — — 7-53 N70 V 1000-750 0850 10 — -1-27 33-82 27-23 8-09 — — — — — >» 750-500 20 — — I -20 34-13 27-47 8-o8 — — — — 7-30 >> 500-250 30 — -1-27 34-17 27-51 8-09 — — — — — i» 250-100 40 — -1-55 34-32 27-64 8-08 — — — — 6-93 >> 100-50 50 — -1-67 34-37 27-68 8-o8 — — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — -1-75 34-45 27-75 8-07 — — — — 6-62 N50 V 1 00-0 — 1045 80 100 -1-78 -1-66 34-46 34-52 27-76 27-80 8-04 8-04 6-18 N70B N 100 B ■ 318-102 I2I2 1242 DGP 150 200 — 0-20 0-14 34-63 34-64 27-84 27-83 7-97 7-95 — — 4-7! 4-38 N70B N 100 B j- 137-0 1252 1312 KT 300 — 0-35 34-68 27-85 7-94 — — — — 4-12 400 — 0-39 34-70 27-87 7-94 — — — — 4-16 590 — 0-46 3470 27-86 7-97 — — — — 4-07 790 — 0-31 34-70 27-87 8-o6 — — — — 4-23 990 — 0-2I 34-70 27-88 8-07 — — — — 4-i8 1480 — o-oi 34-69 27-87 8-12 — — — — 4-51 1980 1980 — 0-19 34-68 27-88 8-17 — — — — 4-61 2470 — -030 34-67 27-88 8-07 — — — — 4-88 2970 — -0-32 34-66 27-87 8-17 — — — — 4-75 3460 — -0-39 34-66 27-87 8-17 — — — — 4-84 3960 — -045 34-66 27-87 8-17 — — — — 5-00 4450 4453 -054 34-66 27-88 8-i6 — — — — 5-20 813 9 0 -1-48 33-49 2697 8-o6 — — — 7-49 NsoV 1 00-0 2005 10 — -1-47 33-49 26-97 8-06 — — — — — N70 V 1 000-800 20 — -I 28 33-88 27-28 8-06 — — — — 7-27 ,, 750-525 30 — -1-39 34-15 27-51 8-05 — — — — — ,. 500-250 40 — -1-51 34-37 27-68 8-05 — — — — 6-72 „ 250-100 50 — -1-67 34-42 27-71 8-06 — — — — — ,, 100-50 60 — -1-71 34-44 27-75 8-06 — — — — 6-49 >) 50-0 2140 Stray on wire 80 100 150 — -1-78 -1-73 -0-68 34-44 34-50 34-58 27-75 27-79 27-82 8-03 8-03 7-97 — — — — 6-25 5-26 N70B N 100 B 340-100 340-0 ) 2215 2245 [DGP. Closing depth of N 70 B [ estimated 200 — 0-21 34-66 27-84 7-95 — — — — — N70B } 135-0 2301 2321 KT 300 — 0-41 34-69 27-85 7-94 — — — — 4-15 N 100 B 400 ~ 0-41 34-69 27-85 7-94 ~ 4-16 59 813—816 R.R.S. Discovery II 813 cont. 814 815 816 Position 64° 55-9' S, 23° 13' W 66° 02-8' S, 22° 35-i'W 66° 57-3' S, 22° 38-3' W 68° 09-6' S, 22°oi-7' W 1932 16 i 17 1 17-181 Hour 0900 1200 2025 0910 Sounding (metres) 4976* 4910" 4918* Direction SWxW s SWxS SWxS Force (knots) 12 IS 16 16 Direction SWxW s SWxS SWxS Force be osp osp 2? 991-3 991-3 9926 992-3 Air Temp. '' C. Dry bulb 0-9 - 2-1 -2-4 Wet bulb - i-o ■ 2-2 3-1 Remarks no swell low conf. swell low ESE swell -1-4 no swell 60 R.R.S. Discovery II 813—816 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS . Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station Age of moon (davs) I (r Depth netres) ■Si Q ^ Temp. °C. s°;co at 0., c c. litre Gear Remarks pH Nitrate r, + Nitrite ^ Nitrite Nj N, Si Depth (metres) From To 813 9 6oo 0-3S 34-68 27-85 8-00 — — — — 4-07 cont. 8oo — 029 34-68 27-85 8-01 — — — — 4-10 lOOO — 0-2I 34-68 27-86 8-01 — — — — 4-41 1500 — 001 34-67 27-86 8-II — — — — 4-43 2000 — -o-i8 34-66 27-86 8-16 — — — — 4-55 2500 — -029 34-66 27-87 8-16 — — — — 4-75 3000 3002 -0-34 34-66 27-87 8-16 — ~ ~ 4-82 814 9 0 - I-20 33-77 27-18 8-05 — — — — 7-26 N70V 1000-750 0916 10 — -1-29 33-79 27-21 8-06 — — — — »> 750-500 20 — -I 30 33-88 27-28 8-06 — — — — 7-19 >> 500-250 30 — -1-39 34-13 27-48 8-06 — — — — — .. 250-100 40 — -1-57 34-32 27-64 8-os — — — — 6-54 >• 100-50 5° — 1-69 34-40 27-71 8-06 — — — — — .1 50-0 60 — -1-72 34-43 27-73 8-06 — — — — 6-28 N50 V N70B 100— 0 — 1047 80 — -1-70 34-44 27-75 8-02 — — — — [■ 280-140 1208 1239 DGP 100 — -1-67 34-48 27-78 8-02 — — — — 5-95 N 100 B 125 — -0-78 34-56 27-81 7-99 — — — — 5-25 N 70 B j- 133-0 1252 1312 KT 150 — oil 34-66 27-84 7-95 — — — — 4-47 N 100 B 200 — 0-41 34-67 27-84 7-94 — — — — 4-22 300 — 0-50 3469 27-84 7-94 — — — — 4-12 400 — 0-44 34-69 27-85 7-93 — — — — 4-13 600 — 0-38 34-70 27-86 8-02 — — — — 4-II 800 — 0-32 34-69 27-85 8-03 — — — — 4-24 1000 — 0-22 34-69 27-86 8-08 — — — — 4-21 1500 — 0-02 34-68 27-87 8-04 — — — — 4-59 2000 2002 — 0-14 34-67 27-87 8-14 — — — — 4-70 2500 — — 0-26 34-67 27-87 8-05 — — — — 4-84 3000 — -0-31 34-66 27-87 8-15 — — — — 4-83 3500 — -0-38 34-66 27-87 8-15 — — — — 4-91 4000 — — 0-41 34-66 27-87 8-20 — — — 4-90 4500 — -0-51 34-65 27-87 8-20 — — ~ " 5-03 815 lO 0 — I -20 33-62 27-07 8-07 — — — — 7-43 N70 V 1000-750 2027 10 — — I-20 33-62 27-07 8-07 — — — — — 750-520 20 — -1-32 34-04 27-40 8-08 — — — — 7-09 500-250 3° — - 1-46 34-34 27-66 8-08 — — — — — 250-100 40 — -i-6i 34-43 27-73 8-o8 — — — — 6-60 100-50 50 -1-69 34-46 27-76 8-o8 — — — — — 50—0 60 — — 1-69 34-47 27-77 8-04 — — — — 6-51 N 50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 ~ 2227 80 — -176 34-50 27-79 8-04 — — — — — 1 314-188 2310 2340 DGP 100 — -1-39 34-56 27-83 8-04 — — — — 604 1 ■' ^ 150 — 0-22 34-66 27-84 7-95 — — — — 4-43 \ 140-0 2350 0010 KT 200 — 036 34-69 27-85 7-95 — — — 4-30 300 — 0-48 3469 27-84 7-92 — — — 4-19 400 — 0-43 34-69 27-85 7-92 — — — — 4-17 600 — 0-39 34-70 27-87 7-97 — — — 414 800 — 0-32 34-70 27-87 8-02 — — — 4-15 1000 — 0-22 34-69 27-86 8-07 — — — — 4-20 1500 — 001 34-68 27-87 8-07 — — — — 4-52 1990 1993 -o-is 34-67 27-87 8-o6 — — ■~ 4-69 816 lO 0 _ — 1-09 33-25 26-76 8-11 — — — — 7-41 N70 V 1000-770 0920 10 20 — — I 09 -1-32 33-25 34-33 2676 27-63 8-n 8-11 8-II 8-10 — — — — 6-48 750-500 500-260 250-110 100-50 30 40 z -1-47 -1-49 34-42 34-42 27-71 27-71 — — — — 6-36 50 60 — -1-50 -1-52 34-44 34-44 27-74 27-74 8-IO 8-o6 z — — — 6-24 N 50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 50—0 1 00-0 1 256-80 — 1 106 80 100 — -1-39 -0-98 34-47 34-51 27-76 27-77 8-05 8-04 z — — — 5-67 1340 I4IO DGP 150 200 — 0-50 0-71 34-67 34-69 27-83 27-83 7-96 7-96 z — — — 4-32 4-21 |- 133-0 1422 1442 KT 300 — 0-72 34-69 27-83 7-97 — — — 4-20 40c — 062 34-69 27-84 7-98 S9C — 0-49 34-69 27-84 7-99 — — — 4-13 79c — 0-42 34-6g 27-85 8-14 4-04 61 816—821 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) Direction Weather ii i2 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 816 coat. 817 >° 096' S, 22° 017' W 69° 59' S, 23° 53' w 1932 18 i 19 1 0444 4449" 818 819 820 68" n-3'S, 24° 52-8' W 67° 23-9' S. 25° 40-7' W 6s° 44-9' S, 28° 29-9' W 1123 2025 2005 481S* 4742" 4878* 821 65° oo-s' S, 32° 32-8' W 2005 4892* SSW SWxW Lt airs ExS NExE 19 IS SSW SWxW ExS NExE 988-9 -5-6 -60 no swell 990-7 992-4 •4-7 •2-7 -2-7 ■5-1 -2-8 no swell no swell no swell 984-3 •1-9 no swell 62 R.R.S. Discovery II 816—821 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks w >.ii Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station moon (days) Depth ^^ Temp. pH Nitrate 0= Gear Depth (metres) ri C. S "Ir.a at P + Nitrite Nitrite N, Si c.c. litre (metres) From To Na 816 lO 990 _ 0-31 34-68 27-85 8-15 — — — 4-39 cont. 1480 — 0-13 34-67 27-85 8-15 — — — 4-40 1980 1977 — 0'o6 34-66 27-85 8-14 — — — 4-49 2470 — — 0-20 — — 8-14 — — — 4-74 2970 — -0-28 — — 8-23 — — — 4-86 817 II 0 10 — -1-24 -1-23 33-53 33-53 26-99 26-99 8 -08 8-08 z z — — 7-30 N7OV 1000-770 750-0 0505 20 — -1-23 33-83 27-24 8-07 — — — — 6-91 n 750-500 30 — -1-48 34-33 27-64 8-03 — — — — — yy 500-250 40 — -1-54 34-33 27-64 8-03 — — — — 6-07 >> 250-100 50 — -1-55 34-35 27-67 8-03 — — — — — »» 100-50 60 — -i-ss 34-39 27-70 8-03 — — — — 5-94 >» 50-0 80 — -1-33 34-43 27-73 8-02 — — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 0725 100 — -0-75 34-51 27-77 7-99 — — — — 5-43 N70B t 260-126 0808 0838 DGP ISO — 0-46 34-62 27-80 7-96 — — — — 4-50 N 100 B 200 300 z 089 089 z — 7-93 793 z z — — 4-23 4-24 N70B N 100 B 1 132-0 0856 0916 KT 400 — 0-81 — — ■ 7-96 — — — — 4-33 600 — 0-68 3469 27-83 800 — — — — 4-30 800 — 0-55 34-70 27-85 8-01 — — — — 4-22 1000 — 0-44 34-70 27-86 S-ii — — — ■ — 4-19 1500 — 0-21 34-68 27-86 811 — — — — 4-34 2000 — 0-03 34-68 27-87 8-06 — — — — 4-58 2500 — -0-13 34-67 27-87 8-16 — — — — 4-53 3000 — — 0-22 3467 27-87 8-16 — — — — 4-70 3500 — -0-28 34-66 27-87 8-20 — — — ■ — 4-75 4000 — -0-30 34-66 27-87 8-20 — — — — 4-78 818 13 0 — -1-45 33-46 26-93 8-04 — — — — — N70B N 100 B 1 77-0 1126 II46 KT 819 13 0 — -1-68 33-64 27-09 8-03 — — — — — N70B N 100 B 1 105-0 2027 2047 KT 820 14 0 — — 1-40 33-82 27-23 8-07 — — — — 7-39 N70 V 1000-765 2015 10 — -1-39 33-82 27-23 8-06 — — — — — ,, 750-510 20 — -1-39 33-87 27-27 8-06 — — — — 7-33 )) 500-250 30 — -1-39 34-00 27-38 806 — — — — — >) 250-110 40 — — i-6o 34-43 27-73 8-o6 — — — — 6-65 )» 100-50 50 — -1-67 34-43 27-73 8-03 — — — — — .. 50-0 60 — -1-71 34-45 27-75 8-02 — — — — 6-47 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2227 80 — -1-79 34-50 27-79 8-02 — — — — — N70 B ■ IIO-O 2243 2303 KT 100 — -1-79 34-50 27-79 8-02 — — — — 6-36 N 100 B 150 — -1-56 34-51 27-79 8-02 — — — — 5-98 200 — 0-12 34-68 27-86 7-96 — — — — 4-38 300 — 0-30 34-69 27-85 7-95 — — — — 4-23 400 — 0-41 34-70 27-87 7-95 — — — — 4-12 600 — 0-41 34-70 27-87 8-01 — — — — 4-07 800 — 0-33 34-70 27-87 8-00 — — — — 4-14 1000 — 0-23 34-70 27-88 8-05 — — — — 4-30 1490 — 0-02 34-68 27-87 8-IO — — — — 4-43 1990 1991 — 016 34-68 27-88 8-10 — — — — 4-66 821 15 0 _ -1-74 33-72 27-16 806 — — 7-23 N50 V 1 00-0 2022 Station worked in a 10 — -1-70 33-72 27-16 8-06 — — — — — N70V 1000-750 pool among pack-ice 20 — -1-48 34-19 27-54 8-06 — — — — 7-03 „ 750-500 30 — -1-52 34-40 27-70 806 — — — — — .. 500-250 40 — — I -60 3442 27-71 8-o6 — — — — 6-83 " 250-110 50 — -1-70 34-43 27-73 8-os — — — — — " 100-50 60 ■ — -1-77 34-43 27-73 8-05 — — — — 6-74 >» 50-0 — 2I4S 80 ■ — -1-79 34-49 27-78 8-02 100 — -1-80 34-50 27-79 8-02 — — — — 6-58 ISO — -I-S6 34-52 27-80 8-01 — — — — 6-28 200 — — 0-29 34-61 27-83 7-96 — — — — 4-90 300 — 0-31 34-68 27-85 7-94 — — — — 4-23 400 0-34 34-68 27-85 7-94 4-17 63 821—828 R.R.S. Discovery II Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Era Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 821 cont. 65° 00-5' S, 32' 32-8' W 1932 22 i 822 823 63°S3-7'S, 33°2Si'W 61° 24-4' S, 36° 036' W 23 1 27 1 0600 1036 4951' 4929' ssw ssw 22 12 ssw ssw 9795 975-9 976-3 •1-7 -1-6 -0-7 — 2-0 — I-I no swell low NW swell low NW swell 824 825 826 827 828 59° 57-4' S, 36° o6-6' W 56° 31-2' S, 36° 00-5' W 3 miles S 60° E of Jason I, South Georgia Port Stanley Harbour, Falkland Islands 51° 44-3' S, 55° 57' W 27 I 2015 1240* 3824* 17 n 17 11 2109 0130 1009' SWxS NExN Lt airs Lt airs SW 0-2 SWxS NExN NW ofe 13 SW be 979-0 983-8 9769 990-3 1003-2 -09 1-8 3-3 1-7 8-6 -1-4 1-6 33 mod. NNW swell mod. conf. W swell mod. NW swell mod. SSW swell 64 R.R.S. Discovery II 821—828 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Ui Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Age of >s li fmarli*; Station moon (davs) Depth metres) Temp. °C. s °/„„ at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite Nj Nitrite N, Si 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To i\^iiiHi no 821 15 600 0-40 34-70 27-86 7-99 — — — — 3-99 cont. 800 — 0-32 3469 27-85 7-99 — — 4-13 1000 — 0-23 34-68 27-86 7-99 — — — — 4-42 1500 0-02 34-68 27-87 8-13 — — — — 4-49 2000 — 0-14 34-68 27-88 8-18 — — — — 4-53 2500 -0-29 34-67 27-88 8-14 — — — — 4-80 3000 — -0-31 34-67 27-88 8-18 — — — — 4-86 3500 3500 -0-38 34-66 27-87 8-14 ~~ 4-93 822 16 0 — — 1-40 33-87 27-27 8-02 N70B N 100 B N70 B N 100 B 1 244-130 \ 146-0 2016 2056 2046 2II6 DGP KT 823 20 0 -0-52 32-83 26-40 8-28 — — ■ — — 8-44 N70 V 1000-750 0618 Station ■worked at 10 — 0-54 32-83 26-40 8-28 — — — — — 750-500 edge of pack-ice. 20 _ — 0-50 32-84 26-41 8-28 — — — — 8-38 500-250 + 5 hours 30 -1-31 33-88 27-28 8-08 — — — 250-100 40 -1-43 33-99 27-38 8-08 — — — — 7-10 100-50 50 -1-56 34-26 27-59 8-04 — — — — — 50-0 60 — I 64 34-34 27-66 8-03 — — — — 6-53 N 50 V 100-0 — 0745 80 — — 1-69 34-40 27-71 8-03 — — — — — N 70 B 312-1 19 0928 lOOI DGP 100 -1-64 34-42 27-71 8-03 — — — — 6-05 N 100 B N70B 150 — -1-42 34-43 27-73 8-02 — ■ — — — 5-87 1 179-0 1014 1034 KT 200 — -0-89 34-54 27-80 7-98 — — — — 5-40 N 100 B 300 — -0-I7 34-60 27-81 7-98 — — — — 4-88 400 — 0-20 34-67 27-85 7-98 — — — — 4-66 59° 0-41 34-69 27-85 7-98 — — — — 4-49 790 — 0-24 34-68 27-86 8-OI — — — 4-52 990 — 0-2I 34-68 27-86 8-02 — — — — 4-57 1480 1478 o-o8 34-68 27-87 8-01 — — — — 4-74 1970 — 0-09 34-68 27-88 8-07 — — — — 4-90 2460 — -0-33 34-68 27-89 8-12 — — — — 5-07 2960 — -0-49 34-67 27-88 8-11 — ~ ~ 5-27 824 20 0 — -o-i8 32-91 26-45 8-21 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B y 300-104 } 157-0 2029 2III 2059 213I DGP KT 825 21 0 — 2-13 33-96 27-15 8-19 " N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B }■ 117-0 • 310-100 2015 2051 2035 2I2I KT DGP 826 2 0 — 2-6o 33-40 26-67 8-14 — — — — — N50 V 100-0 2128 2135 + 1 hour 827 10 — — — — — — — — — — — NH 0 0130 OI3I + 3 hours 828 10 0 7-8i 34-07 26-60 8-17 — — — 6-49 N50V 1 00-0 2005 2012 10 — 7-8i 34-07 26-60 8-17 — — — — — N 70 B f 250-100 2146 2216 Depth estimated 20 — 7-8i 34-07 26-60 8-17 — — — — 6-51 N 100 B N70B 30 — 7-8i 34-07 26-60 8-17 — — — — — 141-0 2228 2248 KT 40 — 7-72 34-07 26-61 8-18 — — — — 6-50 N 100 B J 5° — 7-69 34-07 26-61 8-18 60 — 7-53 34-08 26-65 8-i8 — — — — 6-52 80 — 5-9° 34-14 26-91 8-14 6-42 100 — S-i8 34-iS 27-01 8-14 — — — — 150 — 4-57 34-15 27-08 8-10 — — — — 6-43 6-52 6-46 6-37 6-11 5-62 200 — 4-39 34-15 27-10 8-10 — — — 300 — 4-22 34-15 27-12 8-10 — — — 400 — 4-09 34-15 27-13 8-IO — — — — 590 — 360 34-15 27-18 8-21 — — 790 787 3-12 34-15 27-23 8-16 65 829—833 R.R.S. Discovery II 829 830 831 Position 51° 42-8' S, 50° 31-7' W 52° 32-1' 8,44° 51-3' W 53° 19-3' S, 39°32-i'W 832 833 1932 18 ii 19-20 ii 20-21 ii 3 miles S 60° E of Jason I , South Georgia 53° 58-3' S, 35° 50' W I Hour Sounding (metres) 2264* 3410 4031' 1902 WIND Direction ssw NW Force (knots) NWxW 241' NxW NNW 29 38 SEA Direction SSW NW 30 NW X W Force NNW NNW Weather 10II-6 9983 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 5-6 Wet bulb 5-0 47 heavy conf. SW swell mod. conf. SSW swell 5-5 5-5 978-3 976-1 2-3 1-9 1-7 heavy NW swell heavy NxW swell heavy N swell 66 R.R.S. Discovery II 829—833 Station 829 830 Age of moon (days) Depth (metres) 13 831 14 832 833 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS l6 l6 3° 40 50 60 80 100 ISO 190 280 380 560 75° 940 1410 1880 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 59° 790 990 1480 1980 2470 2970 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 590 790 980 1480 1970 2460 2950 3450 Q 4J ■5 1879 2473 3447 Temp. ° C. S °L, 6-29 6-28 6-27 6-25 6-13 5-50 5-12 4-50 401 3-51 330 2-6l 2-57 2-54 2-15 2-27 1-95 1-64 513 S-I4 5-15 516 516 4-81 399 276 2-09 1-41 I -60 i-6i 2-II 2-24 2-04 2-05 1-79 1-36 o'96 o-SS 332 3-32 3-32 3-32 3-31 3-17 2-83 2-20 0-70 o-io 0-44 1-30 1-70 1-77 1-71 1-67 1-68 056 036 o-i6 — 002 2-50 2-40 34-06 34-06 34-06 34-06 34-06 34-06 34-08 34-11 34-14 34-14 34-14 34-14 34-21 34-34 34-46 34-52 34-66 34-69 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-96 33-96 33-97 33-98 33-98 34-05 34-14 34-22 34-34 34-49 34-61 34-63 34-68 34-69 34-69 34-67 33-93 33-93 33-93 33-93 33-93 33-93 33-94 33-97 34-04 34-14 34-25 34-43 34-52 34-61 34-66 34-68 34-68 34-67 34-66 34-67 33-73 34-OI 26-79 26-80 26-80 26-80 26-82 26-89 26-96 27-05 27-13 27-18 27-20 27-26 27-32 27-43 27-55 27-59 27-72 27-77 26-82 26-82 26-82 26-82 26-86 26-90 26-99 27-12 27-18 27-28 27-34 27-39 27-46 27-56 27-69 27-70 27-75 27-79 27-81 27-83 27-02 27-02 27-02 27-02 27-02 27-03 27-07 27-16 27-31 27-43 27-50 27-59 27-63 27-71 27-74 27-76 27-84 27-84 27-84 27-86 26-93 27-17 8-14 8-14 8-14 8-14 8-14 8-14 8-14 8-11 8-II 8-07 8-07 8-08 8-02 8-04 7-93 7-97 8-04 8-04 8-14 8-14 8-14 8-14 8-14 8-14 8-14 8-12 8-08 8-07 802 7-98 7-94 7-97 7-93 8-02 8-03 8-08 8-07 8-06 8-19 8-19 8-19 8-19 8-19 8-19 8-15 8-15 8-07 8-03 7-98 7-95 7-93 8-01 7-98 7-98 7-96 8-03 8-08 8-13 8-08 Mg. — atom m.- Nitrite N, Nitrite N, Si O, c.c. litre 6-70 6-67 669 6-70 646 6-35 6-34 6-24 5-52 4-61 4-03 3-95 3-91 4-17 7-00 7-00 7-01 6-95 6-79 6-62 600 5-37 4-44 4-07 3-95 3-87 4-06 4-33 4-41 4-64 7-36 7-38 7-38 7-09 7-08 663 S-76 4-62 4-13 4-09 406 4-08 4-20 4-59 4-68 4-75 490 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N50 V N 50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B Depth (metres) 270-84 140-0 1 00-0 1 00-0 1 17-0 356-140 TIME From 2I2I 2205 2240 N50V N70 B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 250-100 130-0 N50 V N50 V N70B N 100 B 2112 2307 2340 To 2152 2225 2250 2I2I 2327 001 1 DGP KT KT DGP 2017 2300 2341 173-0 1905 2205 2232 2026 2330 0001 1915 2215 2252 Estimated depth KT Bad stray on wire. + 2 hours KT 67 834—845 R.R.S, Discovery II 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 Position 52° 17-1' S, 31° 01' W 49° 13-5' S, 22° 29-2' W 45° 28' S, 11° 40-4' W 44° 44' S, 09° 38' W 42° 56' S, 04° 52-2' W 41° 04-4' S, 00° 14-3' w 39° 21' S, 04° 20-5' E 37° 46' S, 08° 39-3' E 36° 04-8' S. 13° 34-5' E 34° 36-5' S, 17°56'E 35° io-3'S, i9°o6-i'E 1932 23 ii 25 11 27 u 27 11 28 ii 29 11 38° 08' S, 20° 56-1' E 1 005 0920 2005 Sounding (metres) 3438* 3943' 3696* 4166* 2000 — 3 "1 4 111 8 iv 9-10 iv 1800 Direction WNW 4460* WNW WNW NWxW WSW SxW W WNW SWxW SxW NExE Force (knots) 24 30 14 26 19 23 WNW 19 14 SEA Direction WNW WNW WNW NWxW WSW SxW w WNW SWxW 19 SxW 3 4 conf. NE WNW Weather be be be I be SB 976-8 9913 IOI1-3 IOI2-6 1021-4 I024-I 1019-5 IOI7-2 IOI2-8 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 2-4 5-3 8-3 be 1013-9 94 8-9 10-6 15-0 17-8 20-4 20-5 Wet bulb 1-7 4-3 7-8 95 8-3 6-7 5-7 12-7 16-6 17-6 iS-9 Remarks heavy NW swell heavy WNW swell heavy W swell heavy WNW swell mod. W swell heavy SW swell heavy SSW swell mod. SSW swell mod. conf. SW swell mod. S swell mod. SSE swell 16-7 heavy E x N swell 68 R.R.S. Discovery II 834—845 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ~" I, Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station Age of moon (days) < Depth -netres) Temp. S°/„ at 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks pH P ^Jitrate + Nitrite Mitrite N, Si From To Q oj N, 834 17 0 _ 2-00 33-96 27-16 — — — — — N 50 V N70 B N 100 B 1 00-0 2009 2012 Stray on wire ■ 250-100 2031 2102 Estimated depth N70B N 100 B 1 146-0 2IIS 2138 KT 835 19 0 — 4-54 3396 26-93 — — — — — — N70B N 100 B [■ 1 1 5-0 IOI7 1037 KT. + I hour 836 20 0 — 7-08 34-04 26-67 ' N70 B N 100 B N70B N 100 B \ 102-0 ■ 250-100 0924 0959 0944 1028 KT Estimated depth 837 21 0 — 9-05 34-13 26-44 N70B N 100 B N70 B N 100 B ■ 250-100 j 125-0 2025 2II0 2055 2130 Estimated depth KT 838 22 0 — lO-IO 34-23 26-36 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B ■ 250-100 } i37-« 2016 2058 2046 2I18 Estimated depth KT 839 23 0 — 12-78 34-47 26-04 ' N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 250-100 1 132-0 2019 2104 2049 2124 [Estimated depth. \ GMT KT 840 24 0 14-20 34-43 25-73 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B • 250-100 ■ lOI-O 2017 2059 2047 2II9 Estimated depth KT 841 25 0 — 16-80 34-79 25-42 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 320-140 1 130-0 2013 2053 2043 2II3 DGP. - I hour KT 842 26 0 — 19-20 35-54 25-41 N70B N 100 B N 70 B N 100 B 280-140 280-0 j 155-0 f2009 2050 2049 2II0 DGP KT 843 27 0 — 20-30 35-46 25-05 — — — — — — N70B NiooB j 144-0 1807 1827 KT. — 2 hours 844 3 0 20-13 35-44 25-08 8-16 — — — 4-3 4-74 N50 V 1 00-0 2026 2028 10 — 20-06 35-48 25-13 8-16 — — — 4-4 N 70 B i 155-0 2057 2II7 KT 20 — 19-94 35-54 25-21 8-i6 — — — 4-6 4-79 N 100 B I ^^ 30 — 19-94 35-54 25-21 8-16 — — — 4-5 40 — 19-93 35-54 25-22 8-16 — — — 5-1 4-74 SO — 19-83 35-54 25-24 8-16 — — — s-i 60 — 17-34 35-34 25-71 8-14 — — — 6-2 3-II 80 — 12-01 35-16 26-72 8-13 — — — 9-4 100 — 10-78 35-00 26-84 8-03 — — — 15-4 3-49 150 — 8-50 34-69 26-97 8-00 — — — 15-6 3-82 845 4 0 18-67 35-36 25-40 8-i8 — — — 5-2 506 N70 V 1000-750 2045 10 — 18-67 35-37 25-41 8-18 — — — 5-2 — 750-0 20 — 18-67 35-37 25-41 8-18 — — — 5-2 5-05 750-500 30 — 17-63 35-31 25-62 8-19 — — — 5-2 — 500-250 40 — 17-15 35-38 25-79 8-20 — — — 5-2 5-12 250-100 5° — 16-72 35-30 25-83 8-20 — — — 5-2 — 100-50 60 16-00 35-20 25-92 8-16 — — — 5-6 5-09 50-0 80 13-92 35-02 26-24 8-13 — — — 5-6 — N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2308 100 — 14-34 35-28 26-35 8-13 - — — 9-6 4-34 N 70 B N 100 B - 242-180 2328 0000 DGP ISO — 1 12-60 35-10 26-57 8-10 — — — 9-6 4-54 69 845—848 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 845 cont. 846 Position 38° o8' S, 20° 56-1' E 40° 41-3' S, 23° 02' E 847 848 1932 9-10 iv 43° 07-4' S, 25° 04-6' E 45° 48-4' S, 27° 13-6' E Sounding (metres) 2005 0000 2000 0000 2000 0000 4959* WIND SWxW wsw 5260* 5560* Force (knots) 18 19 WNW NWxW NExN NNE SEA Direction SWxW WSW Force Weather 10 11-16 IS 23 WNW NWxW NExE NNE be o 1016-4 1018-7 Air Temp, ° C Drv bulb 14-4 14-2 be O be or 1017-3 1017-6 1009-3 1004-8 Wet bulb II-9 II-I Reinarks mod. conf. swell mod. conf. swell 11-7 12-5 8-6 9-8 9-5 10-2 7-9 9-7 heavy conf. W swell heavy conf. W swell mod. conf. SW swell mod. conf. SW swell 70 R.R.S, Discovery II 845—848 Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Station Depth metres) 1- ■£ 0 Q| Temp. °C. s '/„,, at Mg. — atom m.^ 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Vitrite Si From To 845 4 200 11-89 35-05 26-66 8-10 — — 13-1 4-73 N 70B - 148-0 0015 0035 KT cont. 300 — 9-77 34-79 26-85 8-II — — 10-9 4-84 N 100 B 1 ^ 390 — 7-58 34-49 26-95 8-II — — II-6 5-02 590 574 S-9I 34-43 27-14 8-08 — — 24-5 4-47 790 — 4-38 34-41 27-30 8-03 — — 32-0 4-17 980 — 3-07 34-39 27-42 8-01 — — 36-6 4-27 1470 — 2-81 34-68 27-67 8-01 — — 54-7 3-97 1970 — 2-66 — — — — — — 4-64 2460 — 2-50 34-84 27-83 8-11 — — 43-8 4-79 2950 — 2-33 34-84 27-84 8-12 — — 42-9 4-84 3440 — 2-11 34-84 27-86 8-12 — — 51-0 4-78 3930 3931 1-21 34-76 27-86 8-08 — — 71-1 4-47 846 5 0 __ 17-07 35-22 25-69 8-22 — — 4-3 5-32 N70 V 1000-760 2012 10 — 17-03 35-20 25-68 8-22 — — 4-2 — n 750-500 20 — 15-81 35-06 25-85 8-22 — — 4-2 5-48 .. 500-220 30 — 15-20 35-03 25-97 8-24 — — 4-2 — .. 250-100 40 — 15-11 35-03 25-99 8-24 — — 4-2 5-49 '• 100-50 50 — 14-93 35-03 26-03 8-23 — — 4-2 — .. 50-0 60 — 14-82 35-02 26-05 8-23 — — 4-3 5-38 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2220 80 — 13-53 34-94 26-26 8-i6 — — 5-0 — N70B - 370-170 0146 0216 DGP 100 — 13-06 35-11 26-49 8-II — — lO-O 4-30 N 100 B 1 •" ' 150 — 1 1 -60 35-03 26-71 8-12 — — 10-5 4-65 N70B \ 128-0 0230 0250 KT 200 — II-IO 35-OI 26-79 8-08 — — 10-9 4-61 N 100 B 300 — 9-81 34-85 26-88 8-10 — — 14-2 4-58 400 — 7-40 34-61 27-07 8-02 — — 21-8 4-30 600 — 4-63 34-39 27-26 8-00 — — 30-0 4-53 800 — ■ 3-66 34-43 27-39 8-02 — — 39-3 4-26 1000 — 3-II 34-50 27-50 7-96 — — 48-6 3-91 1500 — 2-78 34-75 27-73 8-02 — — 52-8 4-11 2000 — 2-56 34-82 27-81 8-II — — 45-1 4-62 2500 — 2-37 34-82 27-83 8-17 — — 47-4 4-52 3000 — 2-13 34-81 27-84 8-14 — — 50-6 4-78 3500 — 1-63 34-79 27-86 8-09 — — 57-7 4-67 4000 — 1-06 34-74 27-86 8-09 — — 77-0 4-58 4500 — 0-82 34-71 27-85 8-09 — — 84-0 4-64 847 6 0 _ 15-13 35-IO 26-04 8-16 — — 6-7 5-45 N70 V 1000-775 2030 10 — 15-12 35-10 26-04 8-16 — — 6-7 — „ 75O-SI5 20 — 15-11 35-IO 26-04 8-16 — — 6-7 5-43 „ 500-250 3° — 15-03 35-09 26-05 8-16 — — 6-7 — ,< 250-100 40 — 15-03 35-09 26-05 8-i6 — — 6-7 5-44 " 100-50 5° — 15-02 35-09 26-06 8-i6 — — 6-7 — ,1 50-0 60 — 14-83 35-05 26-06 8-17 — — — 6-7 5-39 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2219 80 100 — 13-65 12-71 35-01 34-93 26-29 26-41 8-13 8-10 z z — 6-9 6-9 5 06 N 70 B N 100 B - 270-196 0015 0046 DGP 150 — 11-50 34-82 26-57 8-10 — — — 6-9 5-11 N 70 B I 19-0 0059 OII9 KT 200 — 11-22 34-86 26-64 8-07 — — — 6-9 4-95 N 100 B I -^ 290 — 9-71 34-76 26-83 8-09 — — — lo-o 4-89 390 — 7-51 34-47 26-95 8-05 — — — 11-9 5-14 590 — 6-04 34-40 27-09 8-06 — — — 22-9 4-57 780 — 4-28 34-34 27-26 7-98 — — — 30-4 4-64 980 977 3-65 34-43 27-39 7-98 — — — 43-1 4-07 1470 — 2-85 34-67 27-66 7-99 — — — 52-9 3-92 195° — 2-63 34-77 27-76 7-99 — — — 50-6 4-52 2320 — 2-51 34-81 27-81 8-05 — — — 42-6 4-69 2790 — 2-28 34-81 27-82 8-11 — — — 48-5 4-69 3250 — 1-91 34-81 27-85 8-06 — — — 56-3 4-63 3710 — 1-37 34-76 27-85 8-12 — — — 74-3 4-56 4180 4179 34-71 — 8-02 — — — 83-2 4-59 848 7 0 6-97 33-87 26-56 8-11 — — — 6-1 6-50 N70 V 1000-770 2000 10 — 6-95 33-87 26-56 8-11 — — — 6-1 — " 750-500 20 — 6-91 33-87 26-57 8-11 — — — 6-1 6-51 »» 500-230 30 — 6-90 33-87 26-57 8-11 — — — 6-1 — n 250-100 40 — 6-89 33-87 26-57 8-11 — — • — 6-1 6-50 " 100-50 50 — 6-89 33-87 26-57 8-11 6-1 " 50-0 71 848—850 R.R.S. Discovery II 848 cont. 849 Position 45° 48-4' S, 27° 13-6' E Date 1932 12-13 iv 14-6' S, 29° 237' E 850 50° 43-8' S, 31° 44' E Sounding (metres) 14 IV IS IV 0000 0400 0000 0400 WIND Direction 5527* 5492' NWxW NWxW Force (knots) SEA Direction 35 29 WxN WxN 22 20 NWxW NWxW Force Weather WxN WxN be o 998-2 997-2 Air Temp. ' C. Dry bulb be o 995-8 997-1 7-8 7-9 Wet bulb Remarks 5-7 5-8 2-9 3-2 heavy NW swell heavy NW swell 2-2 heavy WNW swell heavy WNW swell 72 R.R.S. Discovery II 848—850 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS - ^ Mg. — atom m.^ TIME station Age of moon (days) Depth metres) Q " Temp. "C. S 7oa at pH 0. ex. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Vitrite Nj Si From To 848 7 6o 6-89 33-87 26-57 8-11 — — — 6-1 6-48 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2135 cont. 8o lOO — 6-8o 6-70 33-89 33-91 26-59 26-62 8-II 8-II — — — 6-1 6-1 6-53 N 70 B N 100 B • 270-166 2355 0025 DGP ISO 200 — S-34 S-39 34-09 34-23 26-93 27-04 8-o8 8-07 — — — 9-6 12-3 6-27 5-91 N70B N 100 B (■ 1 17-0 0037 0057 KT 300 — 4-90 34-26 27-12 8-02 — — — 17-7 5-40 400 — 4-20 34-23 27-18 8-02 — — — 20-8 5-47 600 — 3-41 34-25 27-27 8-00 — — 31-2 5-13 800 — 2-94 34-34 27-39 8-04 — — 42-6 4-42 1000 — 2-64 34-42 27-47 7-99 — — — 55-1 4-14 1500 — 2-s8 34-67 27-68 7-96 — — — 63-5 3-92 2000 — 2-43 34-78 27-78 8-04 — — — 646 4-27 2500 2497 2-24 34-80 27-82 8-06 — — — S8-S 4-61 3000 1-66 34-76 27-82 8-02 — — — 85-1 4-46 3500 I-I3 34-71 27-83 806 — — ■ — 87-1 4-46 4000 — 0-74 34-70 27-85 8-06 — — — 96-0 4-52 4500 — 0-39 34-69 27-85 8-14 — — — I0I-2 4-56 5000 — 0-22 34-69 27-86 8-04 ~ "~ IIO-2 4-75 849 8 0 _ 7-72 34-08 26-62 8-09 — — — 6-1 6-34 N70 V 1 000-0 0010 10 — 7-72 34-08 2662 8-09 — — 6-1 ji 1000-750 20 — 771 34-09 26-62 8-09 — — 6-1 6-33 >> 750-500 3° 7-70 34-09 26-62 8-09 — — 61 »> 500-250 40 — 7-81 34-09 26-61 8-09 ■ — — 6-1 6-32 >> 250-100 50 — 8-00 34-17 26-65 8-09 — — 6-1 it 100-50 60 8-04 34-18 26-65 8-09 — — 6-1 6-25 .. 50-0 80 8-o6 34-18 26-65 8-09 — — 6-1 — N 50 V 1 00-0 — 0245 100 — 8-os 34-18 26-65 8-09 — — 6-1 6-27 N 70 B N 100 B 300-110 JO430 0500 DGP 150 7-10 34-27 26-85 8-09 — — 8-8 592 300-0 190 — 6-28 34-25 26-94 8-06 — — 12-1 5-88 N70B N 100 B 1 71-0 0529 0549 KT 280 6-12 34-36 27-05 8-OI — — i8-3 5-07 380 — 4-68 34-26 27-15 8-01 — — 20-2 5-34 N 100 B 2IO-I2S 0529 0600 DGP 570 — 3-83 34-25 27-23 8-03 — — 27-2 5-09 4-61 760 734 3-25 34-33 27-34 802 — — 39-0 960 3-06 34-49 27-49 7-93 — — Si-7 4-05 1430 — 2-57 34-66 27-67 7-94 — — 6i-2 3-98 1910 1912 2-41 34-79 27-79 8-00 — — 6l-2 4-24 2470 — 2-o6 34-79 27-82 8-00 — — 58-2 4-51 2960 — 1-63 34-79 27-86 8-00 — — 68-0 4-59 3460 — I -08 34-74 27-86 8-00 — — 85-3 4-52 3950 — 0-73 34-71 27-86 8-02 — — 94-1 4-52 445° — 0-43 34-70 27-86 8-03 — — 99-2 4-59 4940 4940 0-27 34-70 27-87 8-08 — — 101-9 4-73 850 9 0 1-90 34-02 27-22 8-07 — — — 40-0 7-31 N70 V 1000-720 0020 10 — 1-90 34-02 27-22 8-07 — — 400 — " 750-485 20 1-90 34-02 27-22 8-07 — — 40-0 7-26 » 500-260 30 — 1-90 34-02 27-22 8-07 — — 40-0 " 250-100 40 — 1-90 34-02 27-22 8-08 — — 40-0 7-26 >» 100-50 50 1-90 34-02 27-22 8-o8 — — 40-0 >> 50-0 60 I go 34-02 27-22 8-o8 — — 40-4 7-26 N 50 V 1 00-0 0245 80 — 1-90 34-02 27-22 8-08 — — 40-8 N 70 B N 100 B N 100 B \ lOO-O 254-140 0528 0548 Estimated depth 100 150 200 — I -80 0-98 0-21 34-02 34-09 34-19 27-23 27-33 27-47 8-o8 8-04 8-OI — — — 50-0 51-3 59-3 7-25 7-11 6-84 0528 0558 Closing depth esti- mated 300 — 0-34 34-44 27-66 7-95 — — 690 5-45 390 — 1-33 34-59 27-72 7-92 — — 690 4-31 4-08 590 — 1-56 34-68 27-77 7-93 — — 70-3 780 — 1-53 34-70 27-79 8-04 — — 73-0 4-11 980 981 1-40 34-70 27-80 8-03 — — 77-5 4-22 1480 — 0-86 34-71 27-85 8-00 — — 82-5 4-S5 1970 1964 0-S9 34-70 27-86 8-00 — — 88-3 4-66 4-88 2500 0-38 34-70 27-86 8-00 — — 94-9 3000 — 009 34-69 27-87 8-01 — — 97-3 4-82 4-98 3500 — 0-I2 34-69 27-88 8-o6 — — 97-3 4000 -0-22 34-69 27-88 8-o6 — — 97-3 5-07 4500 — 0'22 34-69 27-88 8-IO — — 97-3 5-05 5000 — — 0-20 34-69 27-88 8-15 — ~~~ 97-3 5-08 1 ■ 73 851—853 R.R»S. Discovery 11 851 852 853 Position 56° 22-l' S, 37° 22-3' E 58" 39-s' S, 40° 03-9' E 61° 00-2' S, 43° ii-i'E Date 1932 17 iv Hour 0005 0400 19 IV 0000 0400 Sounding (metres) 5058* 5427* 0400 WIND Direction WxN WxN E SExS 5365* Force (knots) 30-35 35 5 15 S SxW SEA Direction WxN WxN SSE SExS Force Weather bcqsp bcsp o osp 2i t 979-0 9792 986-3 987-8 S SxW osp Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb -0-7 0-0 -0-3 ■0-3 993-8 994-2 Wet bulb - i-o -0-3 — I-I — 1-0 1-9 Remarks heavy W swell heavy W swell heavy conf. W swell heavy W swell 3-2 •2-8 mod. conf. ESE and SW swells mod. conf. ESE and SW X W swells 74 R.R.S. Discovery II 851—853 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS U Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station Rcmiirlfe (days) Depth ■So Temp. Nitrate 0, Depth 1«V 1 1 1411 no (metres) "C. s "/„„ at pH P + Nitrite Nitrite N, Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To N, 851 I I O I-IO 33-87 27-15 8-08 _ _ _ 33-3 7-23 N 100 B 125-0 0411 0431 KT. — 3 hours lO — I-IO 33-87 27-15 8-08 — — 33-3 — N 100 B 320-190 041 1 0442 DGP 20 — I-IO 33-87 27-15 8-08 — — 33-3 7-27 30 — I-IO 33-87 27-15 8-o8 — — 33-3 40 — I-IO 33-87 27-15 8-08 — ■ — 33-3 7-29 50 — IIO 33-87 27-15 8-08 — — 33-3 60 — IIO 33-87 27-16 8-o8 — — 33-3 7-24 80 — IIO 33-88 27-17 8-08 — — 33-3 100 — IIO 33-93 27-20 8-08 — — 33-3 7-30 150 — o-oo 34-25 27-52 7-99 — • — — 54-2 6-51 200 — 0-58 34-36 27-58 7-95 — — 60-3 5-61 290 — I -08 34-48 27-65 7-92 — — 70-3 4-80 390 — I-S3 34-62 27-73 7-92 — — 73-0 4-19 590 — 1-69 34-68 27-76 7-98 — — 74-4 4-08 780 — I -60 34-71 27-80 8-08 — — 77-5 4-16 980 — 1-44 34-71 27-81 7-98 — — 79-1 4-33 1470 — 1-54 34-72 27-80 8-03 — — 79-1 4-43 i960 1954 0-S9 34-71 27-86 8-04 — — 88-3 4-43 2430 — 0-40 34-69 27-85 8-04 — — 102-6 4-66 2910 — 0-15 34-68 27-86 8-04 — I02-6 4-77 3400 — — 001 34-67 27-86 8-05 — 82-5 4-85 3880 — -0-13 34-67 27-87 8-05 — 926 5-06 4370 4365 -0-24 34-67 27-87 8-14 — — 102-6 5-09 852 12 0 — 0-41 33-87 27-19 8-09 — • — — 33-6 7-37 N70 V 1000-790 0000 10 — 0-43 33-87 27-19 8-09 — — 33-6 — 750-500 20 — 0-43 33-87 27-19 8-09 — — 33-6 7-37 500-250 30 — 0-42 33-87 27-19 809 — — 33-6 — 250-100 40 — 0-42 33-87 27-19 8-09 — — 33-6 7-38 100-50 5° — 0-41 33-87 27-19 8-09 — — 33-9 — 50-0 60 — 0-41 33-87 27-19 8-09 — — 33-9 7-36 N50 V 1 00-0 — 0145 80 — o-ii 33-91 27-24 8-09 — — 38-7 — N 100 B 370-155 0345 0415 DGP 100 150 — — 0-70 0-23 34-14 34-31 27-46 27-56 8-04 7-98 — — ' 47-5 60-3 6-87 5-83 N70B N 100 B 1 119-0 0429 0449 KT 200 — 1-08 34-47 2764 7-92 — — 66-6 4-80 300 — I -60 34-58 27-69 7-90 — — 71-6 4-14 400 — 1-74 34-63 27-72 7-92 — — 77-5 4-17 600 — 1-71 34-73 27-80 7-92 — — 79-1 4-18 800 — 1-61 34-74 27-82 7-96 — — 79-1 4-60 1000 — 1-45 34-73 27-82 8-04 — — 84-4 4-37 1500 — 089 34-72 27-85 8-12 — — 88-3 4-38 2000 2000 0-51 34-70 27-86 8-09 — — 99-9 4-33 2500 — 031 34-70 27-87 8-04 — — 105-5 4-60 3000 — 012 3469 27-86 8-03 — — io8-5 4-74 3500 — — o-oi 34-68 27-87 8-09 — — 102-6 4-85 4000 — — 016 34-67 27-87 8-08 — — 102-6 5-11 4500 — -0-23 34-67 27-87 8-05 — — 102-6 5-17 5000 5010 — 0-29 34-67 27-88 8-13 — — 108-5 5-19 853 13 0 — 001 33-87 27-22 809 — — 33-9 7-37 N70 V 1000-750 0010 10 — 001 33-87 27-22 8-09 — — 33-9 — 750-500 20 — o-oi 33-87 27-22 8-09 — — 33-9 7-39 500-250 30 — 001 33-87 27-22 8-09 — — 33-9 — 250-100 40 — 001 33-87 27-22 809 — — 33-9 7-41 100-50 50 — O-OI 33-87 27-22 8-09 — — 33-9 — 50-0 60 — O-OI 33-87 27-22 8-09 — — 33-9 7-38 N50 V 1 00-0 — 0143 80 — — I -20 34-10 27-45 8-06 — 44-7 — N70B I go- 1 08 0355 0425 DGP 100 — — i-oo 34-21 27-53 8-03 — — 52-0 6-79 N 100 B 1 150 — i-oo 34-46 27-63 7-92 — — — 66-6 4-84 N70 B N 100 B 1 1 19-0 0435 0455 KT 190 — 1-42 34-54 27-67 790 — — 75-9 4-45 290 — 1-68 34-64 27-73 7-90 — — 79-1 4-17 390 — I-7I 34-67 27-75 7-93 — — 80-8 4-11 580 — 1-70 34-73 27-80 7-93 — — 82-5 4-21 770 — 1-56 34-75 27-83 7-95 — — 84-4 4-36 960 — 1-34 34-75 27-85 8-02 — — 88-3 4-37 1450 — 0-88 34-73 27-86 8-03 — — 94-9 4-47 1930 ~ 0-51 34-70 27-86 8-03 ~ ~ I02-6 4-59 75 853—857 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 853 cont. 854 Position 6i° 00-2' S, 43° u-i' E 63° 302' S, 46" 24-9' E Date 1932 19 iv 855 856 857 65° 15' S, 48° 437' E to 65° 10-4' S, 48° 43-7' E 61° o6-6' S, 53° 39-8' E 60° 40-1' S, 59° 23-7' E 0000 0400 Sounding (metres) 4227" 23 IV 1828 2258 2000 0000 WIND Direction NExN NExN 3132* 5325' 4977* Force (knots) 20 18 ExN E SxE SxW S SEA Direction NExN NExN 23 28 35-40 1 1 II 76 Force ExN E SxW S Weather OS osp 9927 992-4 osp oq Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb -1-9 ■2-8 Wet bulb -2-4 -3-4 Remarks mod. mod. conf. NE swell NE swell 994-7 9929 988-6 995-6 995-7 ■5-7 ■5-6 -3-4 -3-9 ■3-9 -6-2 ■6-1 -3-7 low conf. WNW and ENE swells mod. N swell hea-vy conf. SSW and S swells -4-3 -4-4 mod. mod. SxE swell S swell R.R.S. Discovery II 853—857 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVA'nONS Remarks ^s Mk. — atom m.* TIME moon (days) Depth j=i Temp. pH Nitrate 0, Gear Depth metres) i| ■c. S °;'po at P + Nitrite Nitrite N, Si c.c. litre (metres) From To 853 13 2410 030 34-69 27-85 8-o8 105-5 4-43 cout. 2890 2893 0-09 34-68 27-87 8-13 — — — 108-5 4-45 3370 — -005 34-67 27-86 8-04 — — — io8-s 4-94 3860 — — 0-20 34-67 27-87 7-99 — — — 108-5 5-09 4340 — — 0-22 34-67 27-87 8-00 — — — 111-7 5-22 4820 — — 0-30 34-67 27-88 8-10 — — — 111-7 5 -02 854 14 0 — -o-8o 34-OI 27-37 8-o8 — — — 52-0 7-27 N70 V 1000—750 0005 10 — -o-8o 34-01 27-37 8-08 — — — 52-0 — 750-500 20 — -078 34-OI 27-37 8-08 — — — 52-0 7-27 500-250 30 — -0-78 34-01 27-37 8-08 — — — 52-0 — 250-100 40 — -0-78 34-01 27-37 8-08 — — — 52-0 7-28 100-50 50 — -0-78 34-OI 27-37 8-08 — — — 52-0 — 50-0 60 — -0-45 34-21 27-51 8-04 — — — 58-4 6-34 N50 V 1 00-0 0142 80 100 Z 0-68 I 29 34-57 34-64 27-74 27-76 7-91 7-89 — — — 74-4 75-9 4-09 N70B N 100 B j 248-94 0255 0330 DGP 150 200 z 1-40 1-45 34-69 3471 27-78 27-81 7-89 7-90 z z 77-S 77-5 4-09 4-10 N70B N 100 B J I 19-0 0342 0402 KT 300 — 1-41 34-73 27-82 7-91 — — — 79-1 4-24 400 — 1-40 34-74 27-83 7-93 — — — 79-1 4-28 600 — I-I7 34-74 27-85 7-96 — — — 8o-8 4-38 800 — 0-98 34-74 27-86 8-00 — — — 84-4 4-41 990 — o-8o 34-72 27-85 7-96 — — — 94-9 4-53 1490 — 0-44 34-70 27-86 8-o6 — — — 97-3 4-50 1990 — 0-2I 34-69 27-86 7-97 — — — 97-3 4-85 2480 — -0-03 34-68 27-87 8-03 — — — 97-3 4-86 2980 — -o-i8 34-67 27-87 8-03 — — — 99-9 5-05 3470 — -0-28 34-66 27-87 8-03 — — — 99-9 5-19 3970 3966 -0-39 34-66 27-87 8-12 — — — 99-9 5-31 855 15 0 -1-65 34-07 27-44 80s I 60 — — 56-7 7-51 N70 V 1000-750 1830 — Streams of drift ce 60 — -i-6s 34-07 27-44 8-05 1-60 — — 567 7-6i 750-500 in vicinity. Loose | 80 — — I 60 34-07 27-44 8-05 I 60 — — 567 — 500-230 pack to SE 100 — -1-68 34-12 27-48 8-05 1-88 — — 56-7 7-56 250-100 150 — 0-04 34-44 27-68 7-97 1-90 — — 71-6 5-45 100-50 200 — . o-8o 34-58 27-74 7-93 1-92 — — 74-4 4-63 50—0 290 — I-I9 3466 27-78 7-94 1-88 — — 77-S 4-41 N50 V 1 00-0 2035 Depth of N 50 V 390 — I-I2 — — 7-94 1-86 — — 86-3 4-43 haul estimated 580 780 — 0-76 0-64 34-70 34-69 27-85 27-83 7-95 8-03 1-96 2-II 97-3 99-9 4-57 4-52 N70B N 100 B j 125-0 2310 2330 KT 970 — 049 34-67 27-83 7-98 2-03 — — 99-9 4-54 N70 B 1 280-154 2310 2340 DGP 1460 — 0-07 34-66 27-85 7-99 1-98 — — 105-5 4-76 N 100 B 1940 — -013 34-66 27-86 8-09 2-01 — — 105-S 4-94 2430 2432 -032 34-66 27-87 8-04 1-92 — — 105-5 5-10 856 17 0 0-22 33-81 27-16 8-11 1-65 — — — 7-31 N 100 B 89-0 2230 2250 KT 10 — 0-22 33-81 27-16 8-II .•67 — — — — N 100 B 224-120 2230 2310 DGP 20 — 0-22 33-81 27-16 8-11 1-65 — — — 7-31 30 — 0-22 33-81 27-16 8-11 1-65 40 — 0-22 33-81 27-16 8-11 1-65 — — — 7-34 50 — 0-22 33-81 27-16 8-II 1-67 60 — 0-22 33-81 27-16 8-11 I -6s — — — 7-29 80 — 0-2I 33-82 27-17 8-II 1-69 100 — -1-27 33-99 27-37 8-08 1-90 — — — 7-23 150 — 0-20 34-20 27-47 7-97 2-01 — — — 5-78 200 — I-I2 34-40 27-57 7-93 2-17 — — — 4-67 300 — I -So 34-57 27-66 7-90 2-13 — — — 3-89 400 — I 90 34-61 27-70 7-88 2-07 — — — 3-87 600 — 1-88 34-70 27-77 7-95 1-98 — — — 4-03 800 — 1-76 3476 27-82 7-94 2-00 — — — 4-23 1000 — :-22 34-74 27-85 8-05 1-92 — — — 4-32 1500 — 0-70 34-73 27-87 8-o6 192 — — — 4-23 857 18 0 o-oo 33-81 27-17 8-13 1-82 — — — 7-31 N70 V 1000-750 2005 10 — 001 33-81 27-17 8-13 1-82 — — — — ,. 750-500 20 — o-oi 33-81 27-17 8-13 1-81 — — — 7-31 ,, 500-250 30 — 001 33-81 27-17 8-13 179 " 11 250-100 77 857—860 R.R.S. Discovery II 857 colli. Position 6o°4o-i'S, 59^ 23-7' E 858 859 860 6o° lo-i' S, 63° 54-8' E 59" 19-1' S, 68° si-8' E 57° 56-4' S, 73° 58-8' E 1932 23-24 iv 24 IV 25 IV 26 iv Sounding (metres) 2000 0000 2000 0000 2000 0000 Direction 4801' 4534* 3251' Force (knots) NNE NNE SWxW WxS SEA Direction 16 17 25-30 25-30 12 16 Force Weatlie S S Conf. NNE SWxW WxS o o Air Temp, ' C. Dry bulb osq osq 1000-9 1003-0 987-1 980-8 981-7 982-2 -4-7 -51 Wet bulb Remarks -5-2 ■57 -2-1 -0-8 -2-4 -1-3 o-o 02 -0-7 -0-5 mod. conf. swell mod. SE swell heavy conf. N swell hea-vy NNE swell heav. conf.W x N swell mod. conf. W swell 78 R.R.S. Discovery II 857—860 Station Age of moon HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Mg. — atom m.* TIME (days) Depth (metres) 6i Temp. S °/„ at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N. Si c.c. litre Gear Deptll (metres) From To Remarks 857 l8 40 001 33-81 27-17 8-13 1-79 _ 7-34 N 70 V 100-50 cont. 50 — o-oo 33-81 27-17 8-13 1-79 — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — 0-00 33-81 27-17 8-13 1-79 — — — 7-28 N50 V 1 00-0 215s 80 — — i-io 34-02 27-39 8-IO 1-96 — — — — N70B I 19-0 0132 0152 KT 100 — -I-16 34-08 27-44 8-06 1-98 — — — 6-78 N70B 1 ^ 150 — 1-20 34-43 27-59 7-94 2-17 — — — 4-61 N 100 B ■ 262-140 0132 0202 DGP 200 — i-6i 34-54 27-66 7-97 2-07 — — — 4-01 N 100 B 130-0 0212 0232 DGP 300 — 1-89 34-50 27-60 7-96 2-00 — — — 4-46 400 — 1-89 34-58 27-67 7-94 2-00 — — — 3-98 600 — 1-73 34-73 27-80 8-04 1-92 — — — 390 800 — I -75 34-75 27-82 8-04 1-88 — — — 4-07 1000 — 1-62 34-76 27-83 8-03 1-88 — — — 4-23 1500 — I-I3 34-73 27-84 8-03 1-88 — — — 4-39 2000 — 0-73 34-70 27-85 8-04 1-92 — — — 4-48 2500 — 0-42 34-68 27-85 8-10 1-92 — — — 4-41 3000 — 0-23 34-67 27-85 8-09 1-92 — — — 4-58 3500 — 0-04 34-66 27-85 8-09 1-90 — — — 4-77 858 19 0 — 0-52 33-78 27-12 8-13 1-82 — — — 7-22 N70 V 1000-750 2005 — 4 hours 10 — 0-S7 33-78 27-12 8-13 1-82 — — — — ,, 750-500 20 — 0-58 33-78 27-12 8-13 1-82 — — — 7-23 ,, 500-250 30 — 0-5° 33-78 27-12 8-13 1-82 — — — — ,, 250-100 40 — 0-50 33-78 27-12 8-13 1-82 — — — 7-25 ij 100-50 50 — 0-48 33-78 27-12 8-13 1-82 — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — 042 33-78 27-13 8-13 1-82 — — — 7-22 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2150 80 — 0-41 33-78 27-13 8-13 1-82 — — — N70 B 1 00 100 — — 0-69 33-95 27-31 8-09 2-OS — — — 7-33 N 100 B j 88-0 2336 2356 KT 150 200 — — 0-50 1-40 34-12 34-40 27-44 27-55 8-03 7-92 2-17 2-30 Z — z 6-45 4-51 N70B N 100 B 1 264-130 2336 0006 DGP 300 — 1-90 34-52 27-62 7-89 2-40 — — — 3-92 400 — 1-99 34-59 27-67 7-89 2-38 — — — 3-80 600 — 2-01 34-68 27-74 7-95 2-17 — — 3-86 800 — 1-93 34-74 27-79 7-97 2-19 — — 4-06 1000 — 1-79 34-75 27-81 8-07 1-94 ■ — — — 4-18 1500 — 1-40 34-76 27-84 8-07 2- 1 1 — — 4-36 2000 2005 090 34-72 27-85 8-11 2- 1 1 — — — 4-41 2490 — 0-63 34-70 27-85 8-03 2-13 — — — 4-51 2990 — 0-34 34-68 27-85 8-08 2-15 — — — 4-48 3490 o-i I 34-68 27-86 8-08 2-IS — — — 4-66 3990 — — 0-09 34-67 27-87 8-19 2-15 — — — 4-77 4490 4488 — 0-20 34-66 27-86 8-14 2-15 — — — 4-91 859 20 0 — 0-71 33-78 27-11 8-09 I-81 — — — 7-21 N 70 V 1000-750 2015 — 5 hours 10 — 0-74 33-78 27-11 8-09 1-82 — — — — 750-500 20 — 0-77 33-79 27-12 8-09 I-81 — — — 7-20 500-250 30 — 0-78 33-79 27-12 8-09 I-81 — — — — 100-50 40 — 0-78 33-79 27-12 8-09 I-81 — — — 7-19 50-0 50 — 0-78 33-79 27-12 8-09 1-82 — — — — 25-0 60 — 0-79 33-79 27-12 8-09 1-82 — — — 7-20 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2240 80 100 0-55 — 0-50 33-84 33-97 27-16 27-32 8-IO 8-o6 1-82 2-19 z — — 7-50 N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 2351 001 1 KT ISO — — o-oi 34-14 27-44 8-00 2-19 — — — 6-22 N 70 B 1 ^ ^ (DGP. Closing I estimated depth 200 — 1-40 34-41 27-56 7-91 2-41 — — — 4-48 N 100 B 210-140 2351 0023 290 — 1-83 34-52 27-62 7-89 2-45 — — — 3-92 390 — 1-98 34-59 27-67 7-89 2-41 — — — 3-79 590 — 2-03 34-66 27-72 7-93 2-36 — — — 3-81 780 — 2-04 34-76 27-80 7-96 2-22 — — — 3-95 980 I go 34-76 27-81 7-96 2-20 — — — 4-17 1460 1-52 34-76 27-84 7-97 2-OS — — — 4-33 1950 — i-i6 34-75 27-86 8-00 2-07 — — — 4-42 2440 — 0-74 34-72 27-86 8-02 2-09 — — — 4-48 2930 — 0-42 34-70 27-86 7-98 2-II — — — 4-53 3420 — 0-20 3469 27-86 8-01 2-15 — — — 4-68 3900 3902 — 0-09 34-68 27-88 810 2-19 — — — 4-70 860 21 0 — o-6i 33-78 27-12 8-10 2-OS — — — 7-23 N70 V 1000-750 2015 10 ~ o-6i 33-78 27-12 8-10 2-05 ~ ~ " >» 750-520 79 860—863 R.R.S. Discovery 11 860 cont. 861 862 Position 57° s6-4' S, 73° 58-8' E 56° 28-9' S, 79° 182' E 55° 33-8' S, 83° 00-4' E 863 54° 15-3' S, 88° 22-4' E 1932 26-27 iv 27 IV 2000 0000 Sounding (metres) 2293* 3815* Direction Force (knots) w wsw ssw 29 IV 2000 0000 4696* NxE WNW 13 19 15-18 SEA Direction w wsw ssw 24 24 Force NxE WNW Weatlier bcsp be OS OS 985-1 983-7 989-3 983-8 9799 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb - 1-2 -0-5 -1-4 Wet bulb -1-4 -1-2 00 1-6 -0-9 06 Remarks mod. W swell mod. W X N swell low W swell mod. conf. SE swell mod. conf. SE swell 80 R.R»S. Discovery II 860—863 Station Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. 'C. s »/„ at pH Mg. — atom m.^ 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N, Si From To 860 21 20 o-6i 33-78 27-12 8-10 2-05 — 7-24 N70 V 500-250 cont. 30 — o-6i 33-78 27-12 8-IO 2-05 — — — — 1, 250-100 40 — o-6i 33-78 27-12 8-10 2-05 — — — 7-24 ,, 100-50 50 — o-6i 33-78 27-12 8-10 2-05 — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — o-6i 33-78 27-12 8-10 2-05 — — — 7-22 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2330 80 100 — 060 — 0-30 33-78 33-90 27-12 27-25 8-10 8-o6 2-05 2-24 — 7-20 N70B N 100 B j I 19-0 2349 0009 KT 150 — 0-19 34-13 27-41 7-99 2-53 — — — 6-01 N70B • 300-100 2349 0020 DGP 200 — 1-50 34-38 27-54 7-91 2-72 — — — 4-57 N 100 B 300 — 1-96 34-S2 27-61 7-89 2-72 — — — 3-88 400 — 2-o6 34-61 27-67 7-89 2-62 — — — 3-74 590 — 2-13 34-67 27-72 7-92 2-53 — — — 3-98 790 — 2-04 34-72 27-77 7-92 2-41 — — — 4-07 990 — 1-89 34-7S 27-81 7-95 2-38 — — — 4-20 1490 — 1-45 34-76 27-84 7-98 2-38 — — — 4-41 1980 — I-OI 34-73 27-85 7-98 2-38 — — — 4-55 2480 — 0-70 34-71 27-86 8-00 2-38 — — — 4-49 2970 2964 0-45 34-69 27-85 8-IO 2-38 — — — 4-17 861 22 0 — 0-72 34-04 27-31 8-09 2-22 — 0-42 — 7-03 N70 V 1000-750 2005 10 — 0-72 34-04 27-31 8-09 2-22 — 0-42 — — ,, 750-550 20 — 0-72 34-04 27-31 8-09 2-22 — 0-45 — 7-03 ,, 500-250 30 — 072 34-04 27-31 809 2-22 — 0-46 — — ,, 250-0 40 — 0-72 34-04 27-31 8-09 2-22 — 0-46 — 7-06 ,. 250-100 SO — 0-72 34-04 27-31 8-09 2-22 — 0-46 — — ,, 100-50 60 — 072 34-04 27-31 8-09 2-22 — 0-44 — 7-03 »» 50-0 80 — 072 34-04 27-31 8-08 2-22 — 0-43 — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 2315 100 — o-o8 34-27 27-54 7-96 2-57 — 0-29 — 5-56 N70 B , 109-0 0019 0039 KT ISO — 078 34-49 27-67 7-92 2-62 — 0-07 — 4-54 N 100 B 1 ^ 200 — 1-40 34-60 27-71 7-91 2-57 — 0-05 — 4-16 N70B 1 254-110 0019 0049 DGP 300 — i-6o 34-68 27-77 7-92 2-53 — 0-00 — 4-04 N 100 B 400 — i-8o 34-72 27-78 7-93 2-49 — 000 — 4-02 600 — 1-66 34-75 27-82 7-98 2-43 — 0-00 — 4-22 800 — 1-52 34-7S 27-84 8-o8 2-26 — o-oo — 4-29 1000 — 1-22 34-72 27-83 8-o8 2-24 — 000 — 4-27 1500 — 079 34-70 27-84 8-09 2-43 — 0-00 — 4-45 2000 — 0-49 34-69 27-84 8-09 2-38 — o-oo 4-45 862 23 0 i-8o 33-88 27-11 8-II 2-30 — 0-35 — 7-00 N70V 1000-750 2015 — 6 hours 10 — i-8i 33-88 27-11 8-11 2-30 — 0-36 — >> 750-300 20 — i-8i 33-88 27-11 8-11 2-30 — 0-34 — 7-02 >j 750-500 30 — i-8i 33-88 27-11 8-II 2-30 — 0-3S — »> 500-250 40 — i-8i 33-88 27-11 8-11 2-30 — 0-36 — 7-03 ,, 250-100 50 — i-8i 33-88 27-11 8-11 2-30 — 0-34 — ,, 100-50 60 — i-8i 33-88 27-11 8-II 2-30 — 0-34 — 6-98 „ 50-0 80 — 176 33-89 27-12 8-08 2-30 — 0-33 — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 2230 100 — 1-32 34-03 27-27 8-04 2-51 — 0-30 — 6-53 N70B • 102-0 2313 2333 KT 150 — I 60 34-34 27-49 7-93 3-16 — 0-04 — 4-74 N 100 B 1 200 — 1-95 34-46 27-56 7-91 2-89 — 002 — 4-18 N70B \ 220-98 2313 2343 DGP 300 — 1-98 34-60 27-67 7-91 2-79 — o-o6 — 4-03 N 100 B 400 — 2-IO 34-65 27-70 7-96 2-72 — — — 4-03 600 — 1-84 34-69 27-75 8-02 2-45 — — — 4-00 800 — I-7S 34-72 27-79 8-02 2-53 — — — 4-21 1000 — 1-62 34-75 27-83 7-98 2-53 — — — 4-38 1500 — I-I9 34-71 27-83 8-OI 2-53 — — — 4-50 2000 — o-8o 34-70 27-84 8-o8 2-53 — — — 4-43 2500 — 0-48 34-69 27-84 8-04 2-53 — — — 4-66 3000 — o-i8 34-68 27-86 8-14 2-57 — o-oo 4-62 863 24 0 _ 1-97 33-85 27-08 8-12 2-30 — 0-41 — 7-03 N50 V 1 00-0 2009 10 — 1-97 33-85 27-08 8-12 2-30 — 0-39 — — N70V 1000-750 20 — 1-97 33-85 27-08 8-12 2-30 — 0-40 — 7-06 ,, 750-500 30 — 1-98 33-85 27-07 8-12 2-32 — 0-41 — — ,< 500-250 40 — 1-95 33-87 27-09 8-12 2-32 — 0-40 — 7-02 " 250-100 SO — i-6i 33-90 27-14 — 2-41 — 0-38 — — >> 100-50 60 — 1-59 33-90 27-14 8-o8 2-45 — 0-38 — 6-84 >> 50-0 2217 80 — 1-28 34-00 27-24 803 2-57 — 029 — — N70 B 1 90-0 0127 0147 KT 1 100 — 1-09 34-11 27-35 7-99 2-85 — 0-19 — 5-88 N 100 B 81 863—867 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Air Temp. * C. Dry bulb Wet bulb 863 co?it. 54° iS-3' S, 88° 22-4' E 1932 29-30 iv 864 53° 11-7' S, 93° 10-6' E 30 IV 4475' 865 866 52° 48-4' S, 94° 56' E 51° 22-6' S, 96° 264' E 0615 2000 0000 3693* 867 49° 25-5' S, 98° 21-8' E 2000 0000 3519* NW W NW NW sw WxS 40-45 NWxW 25 18 35 24 24 W NW NW SW WxS orq 975-7 5-1 4-5 heavy WNW swell orq orq 994-8 1003-3 1002-7 3-2 4-9 5-7 2-5 4-2 5-6 mod. WNW swell mod. conf. NW swell heavy conf. NW swell orq o 1000-7 1003-1 3-2 3-5 3-1 3-0 heavy conf. NW swell heavy conf. NW swell 82 R.R.S. Discovery II 863—867 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ixem^rks ^1 Mg. — atom m.^ TIME moon (days) Depth (metres) Temp. s °/„„ at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N. Si 0^ CO. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 863 24 150 — 1-48 34-25 27-43 7-94 3-00 — 0-07 — 4-99 N70 B N 100 B . 200-82 0127 0159 DGP cont. 200 — • I 92 34-41 27-53 7-93 2-68 o-oo 4-41 300 — 1-98 34-5° 27-59 7-91 2-85 — 0-00 — 4-15 390 — 1-89 34-58 27-67 7-91 2-85 — o-oo — 4-06 59° — 1-91 34-68 27-75 7-98 2-51 — o-oo — 4-12 790 — I 90 34-70 27-76 8-04 2-45 — 0-00 — 4-19 990 — 1-79 34-74 27-80 8-03 2-45 — — — 4-28 1480 — 1-31 34-71 27-82 7-99 2-49 — — — 4-44 1970 — 1-09 34-70 27-82 8-04 2-49 — — — 4-51 2460 — 0-78 34-68 27-83 8-00 2-49 — — — 4-58 2960 — 026 34-67 27-85 8-06 2-49 — — — 4-69 3450 — o-o8 3467 27-86 8-06 2-51 — — — 4-91 3940 3934 — 0-03 34-67 27-86 8-12 2-57 — 0-00 — 4-79 864 25 0 — 2-56 33-81 27-00 8-II 1-90 — 0-37 — 6-99 10 — 2-56 33-81 27-00 8-II 1-90 — 0-39 20 — 2-56 33-8i 27-00 8-II 1-90 — 0-37 — 7-00 30 — 2-56 33-81 27-00 8-11 1-90 — 0-41 40 — 2-56 33-81 27-00 8-11 1-90 — 0-41? — 7-02 SO — 256 33-81 27-00 8-11 1-90 — 0-38 60 — 2-56 33-81 27-00 8-12 1-90 — 0-36 — 6-99 80 — 256 33-81 27-00 8-12 1-90 — 0-36 100 — 2-51 33-86 27-03 8-12 1-90 — 0-37 — 7-02 150 — 1-78 33-99 27-21 8-08 2-11 — 0-44 — 6-72 200 — 0-78 34-19 27-44 8-01 2-36 — 0-38 — 6-03 300 — 091 34-43 27-62 7-95 2-36 — 0-00 — 4-86 400 — 1-42 34-59 27-71 7-92 2-36 — — — 4-36 600 — i-8s 34-69 27-75 7-96 2-36 — — — 4-14 800 — 1-78 34-75 27-82 7-98 2-19 — — — 4-22 1000 — 1-76 34-77 27-83 8-03 2-07 — — — 4-31 1490 — 1-41 34-76 27-84 8-03 2-15 — — — 4-45 1990 — I -06 34-73 27-85 8-05 2-07 — — — 4-45 2490 — 0-69 34-70 27-85 8-04 2-20 — — — 4-59 2990 — 0-36 34-69 27-85 8-10 2-22 — — — 4-67 3480 — 0-20 34-68 27-86 8-05 2-24 — — — 4-79 3980 3973 0-05 34-68 27-87 8-15 2-26 — 0-00 — 4-75 865 25 0 2-6o _ _ _ N 100 B 1 16-0 0620 0640 KT. Temperature from thermograph N 100 B 250-0 0620 0700 Depth estimated N 100 B 290-150 07II 0741 DGP. Closing depth estimated 866 26 0 — 360 33-83 26-92 8-13 2-09 — 0-34 — 6-89 N70 V 1000-750 2015 10 — 3-60 33-83 26-92 8-13 2-09 — 0-34 — — 750-500 20 — 3-60 3383 26-92 8-13 2-09 — 0-34 — 6-90 500-250 30 — 3-60 33-83 26-92 8-13 2-09 — 0-36 — — 250-100 40 — 360 33-83 26-92 8-13 209 — 0-36 — 6-90 100-50 5° — 3-60 33-83 26-92 8-13 2-09 — 0-3S — — 50-0 60 360 33-83 26-92 8-12 2-09 — 0-36 — 6-89 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2349 80 — 3-55 33-84 26-93 8-12 2-09 — 0-35 — — N70B ]■ 98-0 0334 0354 1 KT. Tears in both \ nets 100 — 3-55 33-84 26-93 8-12 2-09 — 0-34 — 6-88 N 100 B 150 — 3-55 33-92 27-00 8-08 2-17 — 0-26 — 6-67 N70B 284-110 0334 0404 DGP 200 — 3-55 34-17 27-20 8-03 2-38 — 0-00 — 5-78 N 100 B 1 ^ 300 — 2-90 34-20 27-28 7-99 2-53 — 0-00 — 5-39 400 — 2-3° 34-26 27-38 7-96 2-60 — — — 5-07 S90 — 2-76 34-44 27-49 8-o8 2-62 — — — 4-07 790 — 2-53 34-54 27-59 8-02 2-74 — — — 3-94 990 993 2-44 34-64 27-67 8-07 2-53 — — — 3-79 1390 — 2-17 34-75 27-78 8-04 2-41 — — — 4-24 i860 — 1-88 34-75 27-81 8-05 2-47 — — — 4-51 2320 — 1-39 34-74 27-83 8-05 2-51 — — — 4-61 2780 2782 1-04 34-73 27-85 8-10 2-59 — 0-00 — 4-47 867 27 0 5-36 33-85 26-74 8-09 1-98 — 0-3S — 667 N70 V 1000-750 2020 — 7 hours 10 — 536 33-85 26-74 8-09 1-98 — 0-38 — — >> 750-500 20 — 5-36 33-85 26-74 8-09 1-98 — 0-38 — 6-71 »» 500-250 30 — 5-36 33-85 26-74 8-09 1-98 0-36 " 250-100 83 867—870 R.R.S. Discovery II 867 cont. 868 869 870 Position 49° 25-5' S, 98° 21-8' E 46° 554' S, 100° 456' E 43° 56-5' S, 103° 24-3' E 41° 41-7' S, 105° 16' E Date 1932 2-3 V 3 V 4 V 5 V 2000 0000 Sounding (metres) 3686* 3772* 4115' Direction ssw WNW WNW NWxW NWxW Force (knots) 17 25-35 26 30 22-27 HEA Direction SSW WNW WNW NWxW NWxW Sa be orq opq orq orq 0 = 1009-1 1004-9 1004-5 1 009- 1 Air Temp. ° C. Drv bulb 4-4 8-9 II-8 II-8 Wet bulb 2-3 7-7 8-3 ii-i II-6 Remarks mod. conf. W and SW swell heavy conf. WNW swell heavy conf. WNW swell heavy WNW swell heavy WNW swell R.R.S. Discovery 11 867—870 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Ri^mnrks Mr. — atom m.' TIME Station moon (days) Depth J3 0 r- C Temp. Nitrate 0.; CJear Depth .l\\^l 1 I4U ntj metres) « 0 °C. s °/„„ at pH P Nitrite Milrite N, Si C.C. litre (metres) From To 867 27 4° S-36 33-85 26-74 8-09 1-98 -^— 0-36 — 6-69 N70 V 100-50 cont. 5° — 536 33-8s 26-74 8-09 1-98 — 0-36 — — ,, 50-0 6o — 5-36 33-8S 26-74 8-09 1-98 — 036 — 6-68 N50 V 1 00-0 2235 So — 5-33 33-85 26-75 8-09 1-98 — 0-37 — — N70B 139-0 2313 2333 KT. N 70 B torn lOO — 5-32 33-85 26-75 8-09 1-98 — ■ 0-39 — 6-66 N 100 B 1 '^ ISO 200 — 4-i8 5-60 33-86 34-19 26-88 26-99 8-10 8-04 2-1 I 2-19 ~ 0-33 0-00 6-69 5-71 N70B N 100 B / 330-150 2313 2343 DGP 300 — 3-8i 34-12 27-13 8-02 2-45 — 0-00 — 5-79 N70B 1 00-0 2358 0018 KT 400 — 3-59 34-23 27-24 7-99 2-60 — — — 5-40 600 — 3-OI 34-32 27-37 7-95 2-89 — — — 4-69 800 — 2-73 34-46 27-50 7-91 2-91 — — — 4-13 1000 — 2-48 34-SS 27-60 7-92 2-91 — — — 3-97 1500 — 2-31 34-71 27-74 7-99 2-89 — — — 4-17 2000 — 2-01 34-74 27-79 8-03 2-68 — — — 4-33 2500 — 1-55 34-76 27-83 8-03 262 — — — 4-35 3000 — 1-04 34-73 27-85 8-08 2-68 — 0-00 — 4-46 868 27 0 6-6i 33-88 26-62 8-08 1-63 — 0-41 — 6-57 N70V 1000-750 2008 — 8 hours 10 — 661 33-88 26-62 8-08 1-65 — 0-41 — — ,, 750-500 20 — 6-56 33-87 26-61 8-08 1-67 — 0-42 — 6-59 M 500-250 30 — 6-43 33-86 26-61 8-08 1-73 — 0-41 — — »» 250-100 40 — 6-32 33-85 26-63 8-09 1-73 — 0-40 — 6-62 ,, 100-50 50 — 6-21 33-85 26-64 8-09 1-77 — 0-40 — — ,, 50-0 60 — 6-IO 33-85 26-65 8-09 1-77 — 0-39 — 6-61 N5OV 1 00-0 2150 80 — 5-91 33-85 26-68 8-10 1-77 — 0-38 — — N7OB ■ 98-0 2237 2257 KT 100 — 5-91 33-85 26-68 8-10 1-77 — 0-37 — 6-62 N 100 B ) ^ ISO — 5-93 34-01 26-80 8-09 1-77 — 0-19 — 6-25 N70B N 100 B / 240-100 2237 2308 DGP 200 — 5-41 34-01 26-86 8-05 1-92 — 0-00 — 5-81 1 ^ 290 — 4-62 34-18 27-09 8-03 2-00 — o-oo — 5-74 390 — 4-21 34-18 27-14 8-00 2-09 — — — 5-56 580 — 3-20 34-27 27-31 7-98 2-43 — — — 4-93 780 — 2-97 34-39 27-43 7-98 2-57 — — — 4-23 970 — 2-73 34-49 27-52 7-93 2-74 — — — 4-19 1460 — 2-39 34-68 27-71 7-97 2-66 — — — 3-98 1950 — 2-is 34-75 27-79 8-02 2-49 — — — 4-31 2430 — 165 34-75 27-83 8-04 2-43 — — — 4-42 2920 2919 1-32 34-73 27-83 8-08 2-43 — 0-00 — 4-44 869 29 0 10-64 34-65 26-58 8-11 1-27 — 0-29 — 5-94 N70 V 1 000-740 2010 10 — 10-64 34-65 26-58 8-11 1-27 — 0-28 — — ,, 750-510 20 — 10-64 34-65 26-58 8-11 1-27 — 0-29 — 5-96 ,, 500-250 30 — 10-64 34-65 26-58 8-11 1-27 — 0-29 — — >. 250-100 40 — 10-64 34-65 26-58 8-11 1-27 — 0-28 — 5-95 ,, 100-50 50 — 10-64 34-65 26-58 8-11 1-27 — 0-26 — — ,, 50-0 60 — 10-64 34-65 26-58 8-11 1-27 — 0-26 — 5-95 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2150 80 — 10-64 34-65 26-58 8-11 1-27 — 0-28 — — N70B 1 68-0 0030 0050 KT 100 — 10-64 34-65 26-58 8-11 1-27 — 0-28 — 5-93 N 100 B [DGP. Deep nets 150 — 9-89 34-74 26-79 8-11 1-33 — 0-06 — 5-70 fishing near sur- 200 — 9-80 34-75 26-81 8-11 1-33 — 0-00 — 5-69 N 70 B } 240-120 0030 0100 { face for some time 290 — 9-73 34-81 26-87 8-12 1-33 — 0-00 — 5-72 N 100 B during repairs to 390 — 9-30 34-73 26-88 8-12 1-33 — — — S-82 \ wire 490 — 9-30 34-73 26-88 8-13 1-37 — — — S-67 590 — 9-19 34-73 26-90 8-12 1-54 — — — 5-52 780 — 7-71 34-52 26-96 8-09 1-98 — — — 4-86 970 — 5-47 34-37 27-14 8-02 2-40 — — — 4-64 1440 — 3-03 34-46 27-47 7-96 2-64 — — — 4-05 1950 1944 2-54 34-63 27-65 8-04 2-64 — — — 3-78 2480 — 2-21 34-73 27-76 8-05 2-51 — — — 4-20 2970 2971 1-73 34-75 27-82 8-10 2-53 — — — 4-21 3460 — 1-41 34-73 27-82 8-00 2-57 — 0-00 4-57 870 o 0 — 10-64 34-50 26-47 8-12 1-37 — 0-31 — 5-92 N70 V 1000-750 2025 lO — 1064 34-50 26-47 8-12 1-37 — 0-30 — — .. 750-500 20 — 10-64 34-50 26-47 8-12 1-37 — 0-29 — 5-93 ,. 500-250 30 — 10-64 34-50 26-47 8-12 1-37 — 0-29 — — .. 250-100 40 — 10-64 34-50 26-47 8-12 1-37 — 0-30 — 5-94 ,. 100-50 50 10-64 34-50 26-47 8-12 1-37 0-30 " 50-0 85 870—873 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 870 cont. 871 872 Position 41° 41-7' S, 105° 16' E 39° 321' S, 107° 06-4' E 37° 09-1' S, 108° 47-2' E Date 1932 5-6 V 6 V 7 V 873 34° 19-1' S, 110° 217' E Hour 2000 0000 Sounding (metres) 4534* 4059* WIND Direction NWxN NWxN NNW Force (knots) 25 24-28 4-6 2097* NExE SEA Direction NWxN NWxN NNW NExE Force be be bw at 1017-3 ioi8-6 1025-5 1023-1 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 14-2 14-2 l6-2 20-3 Wet bulb 13-3 13s i6-o 19-2 Remarks heavy conf . NW swell heavy conf. NW swell low WSW swell mod. conf. W swell 86 R.R.S. Discovery II 870—873 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks >.2 Mg. — atom m.' TIME moon (days) Depth -i Temp. Nitrate 0. Depth metres) "C. S °L.o at pH P + Nitrite N, Nitrite Nj Si ex. litre Gear (metres) From To 870 O 6o _ 10-64 34-50 26-47 8-12 1-37 — 0-30 5-93 Nso V 1 00-0 2320 cont. 8o lOO — 10-64 10-64 34-50 34-50 26-47 26-47 8-12 8-12 1-37 1-37 z 0-30 0-30 z 5-91 N70B N 100 B |- 95-0 0051 GUI KT ISO 200 — 9-80 9-33 34-66 34-66 26-74 26-82 8-II 8-11 1-54 1-54 006 0-00 5-65 5-71 N70B N 100 B |- 250-90 0051 0123 DGP 300 — 9-10 34-66 26-85 8-11 1-54 — 0-00 — 5-66 400 — 8-go 34-65 26-88 8-12 1-54 — — — 5-68 500 — 8-66 34-61 26-89 8-19 1-56 59° — 8-44 34-61 26-93 8-10 1-77 — — — 5-21 790 — 6-65 34-50 27-09 8-o8 2-15 — — — 4-56 990 993 4-23 34-34 27-26 8-09 2-36 — — — 4-52 1460 I4S7 2-83 34-52 27-54 8-01 2-38 — — — 3-80 1890 — z-53 34-67 27-68 8-0: 2-51 — — — 4-00 2360 2360 2-20 34-76 27-78 8-08 2-32 — — — 4-15 2830 — 1-64 34-75 27-83 8-03 2-38 — — — 4-36 3300 — 1-20 34-75 27-86 8-07 2-43 — o-oo — 4-45 871 I 0 — 12-55 34-91 26-44 8-17 0-91 — 0-26 — 5-67 N70 V 1000-750 2100 10 — 12-58 34-91 26-43 8-17 0-91 — 0-28 — — ,, 750-500 20 — 12-59 34-91 26-43 8-17 0-89 — 0-29 — 5-68 ,, 500-230 30 — 12-58 34-91 26-43 8-17 0-89 — 0-27 — — ,, 250-100 40 — 12-56 34-90 26-42 8-17 0-89 — 0-28 — 5-70 ,, 100-50 50 — 12-58 34-91 26-43 8-17 0-89 — 0-28 — — ,, 50-0 60 — 12-58 34-91 26-43 8-17 0-91 — 0-24 — 5-66 N50 V 1 00-0 — 0135 80 100 z 12-60 12-41 34-94 34-96 26-44 26-49 8-16 8-i6 0-91 0-91 026 0-44 5-59 N70B N 100 B |- 91-0 0152 0212 KT 150 190 — IO-77 10-33 34-96 34-91 26-80 26-85 8-13 8-13 1-16 1-18 000 o-oo 6-12 5-60 N70B N 100 B 240-100 0152 0222 DGP 290 — 9-83 34-8i 26-86 8-10 1-22 — 0-00 — 5-61 380 — 9-50 34-78 26-88 8-10 I-3I — — — 5-45 S70 — 8-70 34-68 26-94 8-11 1-62 — — — 536 760 — 6-98 34-52 27-07 8-08 1-96 — — — 4-45 960 — 4-82 34-40 27-24 8-03 2-28 — — — 4-48 1430 — 2-99 34-51 27-52 7-96 2-66 — — — 3-75 1910 — 2-71 34-66 27-66 8-o6 2-43 — — — 3-71 2390 — 2-25 34-73 27-76 8-10 2-36 — — — 3-91 2870 — 1-85 34-75 27-81 8-07 2-36 — — — 4-20 3340 — 1-33 34-75 27-85 8-22 2-15 — — — 4-07 3820 3822 0-96 34-75 27-87 8-24 2-26 — 0-00 — 3-98 872 2 0 — 16-12 3S-6i 26-21 8-17 0-49 — 009 — 5-28 N70V 1000-765 2010 10 — l6-I2 35-6i 26-21 8-17 0-49 — 0-09 — — )» 750-515 20 — 16-02 35-60 26-22 8-17 0-49 — 0-09 — 5-29 »» 500-250 30 — 16-02 35-60 26-22 8-17 0-49 — 0-09 — — n 250-100 40 — 15-64 35-54 26-27 8-18 0-49 — 0-14 — 5-29 ,, 100-50 SO — 15-53 35-53 26-27 8-19 0-49 — 0-14 — — ,, 50-0 60 — 15-33 35-48 26-28 8-19 0-49 — 0-14 — 5-30 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2200 80 — 15-24 35-44 26-27 8-18 0-55 — o-ii — — N70B [ 128-0 2258 2318 KT 100 — 15-08 35-4t 26-29 8-i8 0-55 — 0-16 — 5-32 N 100 B 150 — 13-33 35-43 26-67 8-18 0-55 — o-oo — 5-23 N70B N 100 B 300-146 2258 2328 DGP 200 — 12-23 35-20 26-72 8-16 1-05 — o-oo — 5-37 1 •' ^ 300 — 10-83 35-00 26-83 8-14 1-20 — 0-00 — 5-45 400 — IO-I2 34-85 26-83 8-13 1-24 — — — 5-52 600 — 9-II 34-75 2693 8-15 1-46 — — — 5-27 800 — 7-95 34-59 26-98 8-11 1-82 — — — 4-90 990 — 5-13 34-37 27-18 8-04 2-22 — — — 4-35 1490 — 3-00 34-52 27-52 7-95 2-66 — — — 3-68 1990 — 2-54 34-69 27-69 8-OI 262 — — — 3-73 2490 — 2-1 1 34-75 27-79 8-03 2-47 — — — 3-85 2980 — 1-75 34-75 27-82 8-08 2-47 — — — 3-95 3480 3479 1-42 34-75 27-84 8-09 2-47 — 0-00 4-05 873 3 0 20-52 35-80 25-25 8-18 0-34 — o-oo — 4-83 N70 V 1000-775 2015 10 — 20-52 35-81 25-26 8-19 0-38 — 0-00 — — »> 750-515 20 — 2033 35-82 25-32 8-19 0-36 — 0-00 — 483 >> 500-250 30 — 19-35 35-82 25-58 8-20 0-36 — 0-00 — — >> 250-90 40 — 18-73 35-83 25-74 8-21 0-38 ~ o-oo 4-90 >> 100-50 87 873—876 R.R.S. Discovery U Station 873 cont. 874 875 Position 34° iQ-i' S, 110° 21-7' E 32° 15-2' S, 112° 26-2' E 32° 12-8' S, 113° 48' E Date 1932 8 V 9 V 876 32° 02' S, 115° 16' E Hour 1430 Sounding (metres) 4975' 4237' 1232 173 NNE NExN N Force (knots) SEA Direction NNE NExN N 2-3 iois-4 1010-9 1016-5 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 24-4 Wet bulb i»-9 i6-2 Remarks mod. SSW swell low conf. swell low N swell 88 R.R.S. Discovery II 873—876 Station Age of moon HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks J3 JJ Mg. — atom m.' o TIME (days) Depth metres) 5g Temp. °C. s°/„ nt pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N. Nitrite N3 Si ^2 c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 873 3 5° 18-63 35-84 25-77 8-21 0-44 0-00 N 70 V 50-0 cont. 6o — 18-63 35-83 25-77 8-21 0-36 — 0-00 — 4-96 N 50 V :oo-o — 2145 8o — 18-43 35-84 25-82 8-18 0-36 — 0-04 — N70B !■ 86-0 2218 2238 KT lOO — 16-50 35-66 26-16 8-18 0-51 — 000 — 5-09 N 100 B 1 '5° — 13-22 35-34 26-63 8-14 0-61 — 0-00 — 5-28 N70B ,■ 220-100 2218 2248 DGP 200 — 11-74 35-13 26-76 8-11 0-74 — 0-00 — 5-36 N 100 B 300 — IO-20 34-93 26-88 8-13 1-22 — 0-00 — 5-39 400 — 9-43 34-78 26-90 8-13 1-24 — — — 5-32 590 — 8-48 34-66 26-95 8-14 1-62 — — — 5-17 790 — 5-71 34-43 27-16 8-03 2-41 — — — 4-25 990 — 3-98 34-42 27-34 8-00 2-79 — — — 3-87 1480 — 2-74 34-63 27-64 8-01 2-83 — — — 3-67 1730 1725 2-53 34-69 27-70 8-01 2-98 — 0-00 3-55 874 4 0 _ 21-02 35-82 25-13 8-19 0-19 — 0-00 — 4-79 N50 V 1 00-0 1432 10 — 20-86 35-82 25-17 8-19 0-19 — 0-00 — — N70 V 1000-780 20 — 2063 35-83 25-25 8-19 0-19 — o-oo — 4-81 750-500 30 — 20-55 35-86 25-29 8-19 0-19 — 0-00 — — 500-250 40 — 20-42 35-89 25-34 8-20 0-19 — 0-00 — 4-83 250-100 50 — 20-23 35-91 25-41 8-20 0-19 — o-oo — — 100-50 60 — 19-83 35-93 25-54 8-21 0-19 — o-oo — 4-87 50-0 — 1600 80 — 18-84 35-84 25-72 8-17 0-19 — 0-00 — — N70 B J 91-0 1724 1744 KT 100 — l6-02 35-64 26-25 8-20 0-19 — 0-00 — 5-43 N 100 B 150 — 13-52 35-45 26-65 8-17 0-57 — 0-00 — 5-15 N70B \ 260-90 1724 1754 DGP 200 — 12-32 35-22 26-72 8-15 0-67 — o-oo — 5-31 N 100 B 300 — 10-81 35-00 26-83 8-II 0-86 — 0-00 — 5-38 400 — 9-70 34-81 26-88 8-12 1-05 — — — 5-31 500 — 9-07 34-74 26-93 8-12 1-33 — — — 5-13 600 — 8-56 34-67 26-95 8-14 1-48 — — — 5-17 800 — 5-47 34-41 27-17 8-03 236 1000 — 4-02 34-43 27-35 8-02 2-51 — — — 3-58 1500 — 2-90 34-59 27-59 8-00 2-76 — — — 3-32 2000 — 2-57 34-66 27-67 801 2-78 — — — 3-35 2500 — 2-00 34-73 27-78 8-01 2-60 — — — 3-66 3000 — 1-69 34-73 27-80 8-03 2-57 — — — 3-83 3500 — 1-40 34-72 27-81 8-08 2-55 — — — 3-95 4000 — 1-27 34-72 27-82 8-08 2-53 4500 4505 1-13 34-72 27-83 8-17 2-51 — o-oo 4-09 875 4 0 — 22-03 35-57 24-66 8-19 0-19 — 0-14 — 4-60 N70 V 1000-770 Olio 10 — 22-03 35-57 24-66 8-19 0-19 — 0-00 — — >. 750-500 20 — 22-03 35-57 24-66 8-19 0-19 — o-io — 4-58 ,. 500-250 30 — 22-03 35-57 24-66 8-19 0-19 — 0-06 — — .> 250-100 40 — 22-03 35-57 2466 8-19 0-25 — 0-13 — 4-61 " 100-50 50 — 22-03 35-57 24-66 8-19 0-44 — 0-04 — — .. 50-0 60 — 22-01 35-57 24-67 8-19 0-46 — 0-07 — 4-60 Nso V 1 00-0 — 0310 80 — 21-98 35-57 24-68 8-19 0-48 — 0-05 — — N70B ■ 91-0 0415 0435 KT 90 — 21-96 35-57 24-68 8-19 0-51 — 0-05 — 4-63 N 100 B 1 ^ 140 — 21-92 35-57 24-69 8-19 0-53 — 0-00 — 4-62 N70B N 100 B 1 225-95 0415 0445 DGP 190 — 19-52 35-79 25-50 8-17 0-70 — o-oo — 4-48 280 — 14-32 35-55 26-56 8-18 0-70 — 0-00 — 5 04 370 — 11-83 35-15 26-76 8-15 0-70 — — — 5-25 560 — 9-58 34-79 26-88 8-13 1-25 — — — 5-19 750 — 8-22 34-60 26-94 8-17 1-50 — — — 4-86 940 — 5-01 34-40 27-22 8-15 2-15 — — — 3-98 1400 — 3-31 34-50 27-48 8-05 2-66 — — — 3-50 1870 — 2-64 34-68 27-69 8-00 2-76 — — — 3-45 2340 — 2-22 34-70 27-74 8-02 2-76 — — — 3-44 2800 — 1-87 34-73 27-79 8-03 2-70 — — — 3-65 3270 3263 1-59 34-73 27-81 8-12 2-59 — 0-00 — 3-69 876 4 0 10 — 22-44 22-44 35-48 35-48 24-47 24-47 8-17 8-17 0-2S 0-25 — 0-00 o-oo — 4-57 N70 V 100-50 50-0 1238 Sounding by plank- ton wire 20 — 22-43 35-48 24-48 8-17 0-25 — o-oo — 4-59 N50 V 1 00-0 1310 30 — 22-43 35-48 24-48 8-17 0-25 — o-oo — — N 70 B > lOO-O 1317 1337 KT 40 — 22-41 35-48 24-48 8-17 0-25 — 0-00 — 4-61 N 100 B 50 22-27 35-50 24-54 8-18 0-25 0-00 89 876—879 R.R.S. Discovery II 876 cont. 877 Position 32° 02' S, 115° i6' E 35° 12-5' S, 114° 42-5' E 878 879 38° 01' S, 115° 386' E 40° 567' S, 116° 46s' E Date 1932 10 V 17 V 18 V 2007 0000 2000 0000 Sounding (metres) 2239* 4624* WIND Direction SxE SSE SE SE 19 V 2000 0000 4733' Force (knots) 10-20 18-20 SEA Direction SxE SSE SE SE Force NWxW NWxW 16 20 NWxW NWxW c be be be 10229 1023-5 1027-9 1027-5 Air Temp. " C. Dr>' bulb 16-1 iS-8 11-6 II-6 V\c-t bulb 12-0 12-3 Remarks mod. SW swell mod. eonf. swell mod. SW swell mod. SW swell 1025-4 1023-8 11-6 11-8 9-1 9-1 mod. SW X W swell heavy SW x W swell 90 R.R.S. Discovery II 876—879 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ^ Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station Age of moon (days) Depth (metres) ■5% Temp. S°/o„ at pH 0, ex. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks P Nitrate + Nitrite N. Nitrite N, Si From To 876 4 6o 22-23 35-52 24-56 8-i8 0-25 o-oo 4-58 emit. 8o 22-23 35-52 24-56 8-17 0-25 — 0-00 lOO 22-15 35-53 24-60 8-19 030 — 0-00 — 4-51 ISO — 22-05 35-58 24-67 8-18 0-34 — 0-32 4-35 ill II o 21-05 35-62 24-97 8-16 — — 000 3-4 4-81 N70 V 750-500 2010 lO 21-05 35-62 24-97 8-16 — — 0-00 3-4 — .. 500-250 20 21-04 3562 24-97 8-16 — — 0-00 3-4 4-84 >. 250-100 3° 20-83 35-64 25-04 8-16 — — 0-00 3-4 — >> 100-50 4° 19-65 35-74 25-44 8-18 — — 0-00 3-4 4-99 ,, 50-0 S° 19-07 35-77 25-61 8-i8 — — 0-00 3-4 — N50 V 1 00-0 — 2300 6o 18-84 35-81 25-70 8-18 — — 000 3-4 5-04 N70B f 102-0 0001 0021 KT 8o i8-3S 35-77 25-79 8-20 — — 0-04 3-4 — N 100 B 9° 17-82 35-74 25-91 8-i6 — — o-ii 3-4 5-07 N 70 B / 250-100 0001 0031 DGP 140 16-40 35-57 26-11 8-17 — — 0-31 3-4 5-15 N 100 B 180 13-31 35-40 26-66 •8-16 — — 0-00 3-4 S-30 280 10-88 34-99 26-81 8-14 — — 0-00 3-4 5-35 370 9-22 34-79 26-94 8-11 — — — 6-9 S-36 550 7-70 34-54 26-98 8-12 — — — 12-7 4-82 740 5-04 34-41 27-22 8-06 — — — 27-0 4-13 920 4-22 34-41 27-31 8-11 — — — 36-7 3-98 1390 3-i8 34-57 27-55 8-07 — — — s6-5 3-36 1850 1851 2-48 34-70 27-72 8-13 — — 000 680 3-43 878 13 0 18-73 35-82 25-73 8-18 — — 0-05 2-6 5-01 N70 V 1000-760 2008 10 18-73 35-82 25-73 8-18 — — 0-06 2-4 — .. 750-500 20 18-73 35-82 25-73 8-i8 — — 0-07 2-3 5-02 .. 500-250 30 i8-73 35-82 25-73 8-18 — — 0-07 2-1 — j» 250-100 40 i8-73 3S-82 25-73 8-18 — — 0-08 2-1 S-03 >» 100-50 50 18-73 35-82 25-73 8-18 — — 0-08 2-1 — ,. 50-0 60 18-73 35-82 25-73 8-18 — — 0-08 2-1 5-02 N 50 V 100—0 — 2240 80 i8-34 35-78 25-81 8-i8 — — 0-26 2-1 — N70B N 100 B ] 125-0 2343 0003 KT 100 17-73 35-74 25-93 8-18 — — 0-23 2-1 5-01 ISO 16-32 35-57 26-13 8-16 — — 0-34 2-1 S-19 N 70 B j. 294-80 2343 0013 DGP 200 13-82 35-42 26-57 8-19 — — 0-02 2-1 5-29 N 100 B 1 300 11-72 35-12 26-75 8-16 — — 0-02 2-1 5-46 400 10-39 34-92 26-84 8-13 — — 3-5 S-52 S90 8-97 34-70 26-91 8-20 — — 5-9 5-06 790 8-00 34-58 26-97 8-21 — — 9-4 4-77 990 983 5-30 34-42 27-19 8-16 — — 30-3 3-95 1460 2-93 34-52 27-53 8-00 — — 59-6 3-72 1950 2-54 34-69 27-69 8-02 — — 69-7 3-72 2440 2-17 34-70 27-74 8-17 — — 75-4 3-78 2920 1-80 34-78 27-83 8-33 — — 88-0 3-67 3410 1-36 34-75 27-85 8-23 — — 90-1 3-95 3900 3893 i-oi 34-74 27-86 8-31 — — 0-00 90-1 3-82 879 14 0 12-06 34-78 26-43 8-19 — — 0-26 i-o 5-79 N70 V 1000-780 2007 10 12-06 34-78 26-43 8-19 — — 0-25 i-o — >> 750-500 20 12-06 34-78 26-43 8-19 — — 0-25 i-o S-79 >. 500-250 30 12-06 34-78 26-43 8-19 — — 026 1-0 — >> 250-100 40 12-06 34-78 26-43 8-19 — — 0-26 I-o 5-80 >> 100-50 SO 12-06 34-78 26-43 8-19 — — 0-27 I-o — ,, 50-0 60 12-06 34-78 26-43 8-19 — — 0-26 1-0 S-80 N50 V 1 00-0 2235 80 12-05 34-78 26-43 8-19 — — 0-27 1-5 — N70B !- 86-0 2353 0013 KT 100 11-48 34-78 26-54 8-19 — — 0-46 1-7 569 N 100 B 1 ISO 10-56 34-84 26-75 8-17 — — 0-00 5-6 5-58 N70B \ 200-94 2353 0026 DGP 190 9-86 34-78 26-82 8-14 — — 0-00 4-6 5-60 N 100 B 290 9-30 34-76 26-90 8-14 — — 0-00 6-7 5-50 390 8-94 34-70 26-91 8-13 — — 0-00 6-7 5-34 580 8-45 34-62 26-94 8-19 — — 0-00 8-3 5-34 770 7-26 34-50 27-01 8-17 — — 0-00 14-2 4-59 970 5-24 34-42 27-20 8-13 — — 0-00 25-0 4-22 1450 I4S0 2-96 34-51 27-52 8-17 — — 0-00 49-2 3-54 1970 — 2-54 34-66 27-67 8-13 — — 0-00 60-7 3-42 2460 — 2-19 34-71 27-75 8-04 — — o-oo 67-S 3-97 2950 1-85 34-72 27-78 8-18 o-oo 74-4 3-98 91 879—882 R.R.S, Discovery 11 Position Soxinding (metres) Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Air Temp. * C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 879 cont. 880 40° 56-7' S, 116" 46-5' E 43° 53-1' S, 117° 50-8' E 1932 19-20 V 2000 0000 4366* WNW WNW 881 47° 00' S, 119° 00-3' E 4134' NW 26 882 49° 52-9' S, 120° 28-6' E 4051' SWxW WNW WNW bw c lOIQ-S I020-I 103 9-2 95 8-9 heavy W swell mod. W swell NW 1013-6 9-0 8-6 heavy conf. NW x W swell SWxW 4 conf. bcq 1013-8 4-0 2-8 heavy conf. W swell 92 R.R.S. Discovery 11 879—882 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ^ Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station Age of moon (days) Depth metres) Temp. S °;'„o at 0, CO. litre Gear 1 Remarks pH P \itrate + Nitrite Nitrite N^ N, Si Depth (metres) From To 879 14 3440 1-53 34'7i 27-80 8-21 0-00 81-0 4-00 cant. 3930 — 0-96 34'7o 27-83 8-28 — 0-00 88-9 4-05 4420 4417 0-79 34-68 27-82 8-39 — 0-00 88-9 3-78 880 15 0 _ 9-75 34'4i 26-55 8-17 — 0-35 3-2 6-08 N70 V 1000-800 2006 10 — 9-7S 34-41 26-55 8-17 — 0-3S 3-2 .' 750-500 20 — 9-75 34-41 26-55 8-17 — 0-36 3-2 6-10 j> 500-250 30 — 9-76 34'4i 26-55 8-17 — 0-35 3-2 11 250-0 40 — 9-77 34'42 26-55 8-17 — 0-3S 3-2 6-o8 " 250-100 50 — 9-77 34-42 26-55 8-17 — 0-34 3-2 — >' 100-50 60 — 9-77 34-42 26-55 8-17 — 0-3S 3-2 6-09 »> 50-0 80 — 9-72 34-42 26-56 8-17 — 0-36 3-2 — N 50 V 1 00-0 2220 100 — 9-70 34-42 26-56 8-i6 — 0-3S 3-2 6-09 N 70 B ,■ I 1 0-0 0002 0022 KT 150 — 9-57 34-S2 26-67 8-17 — 0-31 3-2 5-80 N 100 B ) 200 — 9-00 34-63 26-85 8-15 — 0-00 5-8 5-75 N 70 B 265-90 0002 0032 DGP 300 — 8-98 34-64 26-86 8-13 — 0-00 7-1 5-80 N 100 B 1 ^ 400 — 8-73 34-61 26-88 8-13 — — 7-S S-71 600 — 8-39 34-61 26-93 8-23 — — lo-i 5-1S 800 — 696 34-45 27-01 8-16 — — 17-7 449 1000 — S'oo 34-38 27-21 8-16 — — 29-7 4-11 1490 — 2-93 34-51 27-52 8-09 — — s6-3 3-71 1990 — 2-50 34-67 27-69 8-13 — — 65-0 3-93 3-98 2490 — 2-21 34-71 27-75 819 — — 67-3 2980 — 1-70 34-71 27-79 8-26 — — 87-7 3-92 3480 — 34-70 — 8-17 — — 92-0 3980 3976 I -00 34-70 27-83 8-31 — 0-00 92-0 3-95 881 16 0 _ 8-30 34-07 26-52 8-12 — 0-41 5-6 6-24 N70 V 1000-750 2005 10 — 8-30 34-07 26-52 8-12 — 0-41 5-6 — 750-500 20 8-30 34-07 26-52 8-12 — 0-41 S-6 6-29 500-250 30 — 8-30 34-07 26-52 8-12 — 0-41 5-6 — 250-100 40 — 8-30 34-07 26-52 8-12 — 0-41 5-6 6-29 100-50 50 8-30 34-07 26-52 8-12 — 0-41 S-6 — 50-0 60 — 8-30 34-07 26-52 8-12 — 0-40 5-6 6-25 N50 V 1 00-0 2150 80 — 8-22 34-07 26-53 8-12 — 0-42 S-6 — N 70 B 1 I 19-0 2231 2251 KT 100 — 8-20 34-07 26-53 8-12 — 0-42 5-6 6-27 N 100 B 15° — 9-30 34-59 26-77 8-11 — 0-00 6-0 S-71 N 70 B N 100 B r 260-100 2231 2301 DGP 200 — 8-99 34-56 26-79 8-11 — 0-00 7-S 5-69 300 — 8-90 34-61 26-86 8-10 — o-oo 7-5 S-72 400 — 8-50 34-61 26-91 8-11 — — 8-4 S-S4 600 — 699 34-49 27-03 8-12 — — 17-3 4-68 800 — 4-78 34-34 27-20 8-11 — — 26-0 4-62 1000 — 363 34-34 27-33 8-02 — — 37-0 4-45 1490 — 2-64 34-56 27-59 8-02 — — 55-5 3-90 3-96 1990 — 236 34-70 27-72 8-iS — — 61-8 2490 — 201 34-74 27-79 8-19 — — 71-1 3-97 2980 — 1-53 34-72 27-80 8-24 — — 78-6 4-03 3480 3479 i-iS 34-70 27-82 8-30 — 0-00 87-7 4-06 882 17 0 _ 5-05 33-89 26-81 8-10 — 0-35 4-1 6-73 N70 V 1000-750 750-480 2005 — 9 hours 10 S'OS 33-89 26-81 8-10 — 0-36 4-1 — 20 5-05 33-89 26-81 8-10 — 0-36 4-1 6-73 500-250 30 — 5'OS 33-89 26-81 8-10 — 0-36 4-1 — 250-100 40 — 5-05 33-89 26-81 8-10 — 0-36 4-1 6-75 100-50 SO 60 — S-OS S'OS 33-89 33-89 26-81 26-81 8-10 8-10 — 0-36 0-36 4-1 4-1 6-77 Nso V 50-0 1 00-0 — 2203 80 — S'OS 33-89 26-81 8-10 — 0-36 4' I — N 70 B ■ 102-0 2318 2338 KT 100 — S'OS 33-89 26-81 8-10 — 0-36 4-1 6-77 N 100 B 1 ISO — 4-61 34-08 27-02 8-09 — — 0-00 12-6 6-23 N 70 B N 100 B 1 210-80 2318 2349 DGP 200 — 4'OS 34-04 27-04 8-09 — 0-00 14-0 6-27 606 300 — 3'6i 34-06 27-10 8-06 — 0-00 21-3 400 — 356 34-19 27-21 8-03 — — 26-2 S-34 600 — 2-91 34-24 27-32 8-06 — — 40-4 4-57 800 — 2-78 34-43 27-47 7-95 — — SO'3 4-1S 1000 — 2-68 34-52 27-5S 8-06 — — S9'i 3-94 1500 — 2-41 34-70 27-72 7-97 — — 64-1 4-08 2000 — 2-o8 34-76 27-79 8-12 68-9 4-17 93 882—885 R.R.S. Discovery II 882 cont. 883 Position 49° 52-9' S, i2o° 28-6' E 52° 54' S, 122° 03-8' E 23 V 2000 Date 1932 22 V 884 56° 08-3' S, 124° 04-8' E 24 V Sounding (metres) 4148* 2000 0000 WIND Direction NNE 4781* 885 58° 50-5' S, 125° 54-9' E 25-26 V NNE NExN 4834* W Force (knots) 22—27 20 19 25 Direction NNE Force NNE NExN W be orm orm Air Temp ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1014-6 3-3 989-9 980-6 3-2 32 972-0 hea-vy conf. SSW swell 32 31 hea-vy conf. NWswell hea-\y conf. NWs-well -0-6 mod. conf. N swell 94 R.R.S. Discovery II 882—885 Station Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth 'metres) Temp. 'C. s °;„,j at pH Mg. — atom m.^ 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N. Si From To 882 17 2500 _ I 64 34-74 27-82 8-22 — — 82-7 4-12 cont. 3000 — 1-17 34-71 27-83 8-ig — — 90-7 4-06 3500 — 0-85 34-70 27-84 8-25 — — O-OO 100-5 4-15 883 i8 0 — 3-72 33-86 26-92 8-10 — — 0-42 7-6 6-99 N70 V 1000-738 2008 10 — 3-72 33-86 26-92 8-10 — — 0-42 7-6 ,, 750-500 20 — 3-73 33-86 2692 8-10 — — 0-44 7-6 6-97 ,, 500-250 30 — 3-74 33-86 26-92 8-10 — — 0-43 7-6 ,, 250—100 40 — 3-74 33-86 26-92 8-10 — — 0-42 7-6 6-98 ,, 100-50 50 — 3-74 33-86 26-92 8-IO — — 0-42 7-6 ,, 50-0 60 — 3-74 33-86 26-92 8-IO — — 0-42 7-6 6-96 Nso V 1 00-0 — 2140 80 100 — 3-74 3-72 33-86 33-86 26-92 2692 8-10 8-10 z z 0-42 0-41 7-6 7-6 6-96 N70B N 100 B 1 89-0 2230 2250 KT ISO 200 z 229 209 34-00 34-07 27-17 27-25 8-05 8-02 — — 0-00 0-00 23-4 28-1 6-45 6-23 N70B N 100 B t 210-90 2230 2302 DGP 300 — 2-20 34-20 27-34 7-98 — — 000 38-5 S-39 400 — 2-40 34-28 27-39 7-95 — — — 52-4 4-64 600 — 2-39 34-47 27-54 7-96 — — — 58-9 4-06 800 — 2-30 34-61 27-66 8-00 — — — 66-2 3-97 1000 1003 229 34-66 27-70 8-02 — — — 63-9 4-05 1480 — 206 34-73 27-77 8-02 — — — 68-6 4-36 1980 — 1-67 34-73 27-80 8-15 — — — 78-6 4-29 2470 — I-I9 34-70 27-82 8-27 — — — 87-7 4-25 2970 — 0-77 34-70 27-84 8-27 — — — 104-7 4-15 3460 3458 0-50 34-70 27-86 8-29 — — 0-00 107-7 4-36 X 884 19 0 — 1-92 33-90 27-12 8-11 — — 0-46 13-7 7-29 N70 V 1000-750 2012 10 — 192 33-90 27-12 8-11 — — 0-46 13-7 — ,, 750-500 20 — 1-92 33-90 27-12 8-11 — 0-45 13-7 7-32 >, 500-250 30 — 1-92 33-90 27-12 8-11 — — 0-45 13-7 — ,, 250-100 40 — 192 33-90 27-12 8-11 — — 0-46 13-7 7-28 ,, 100-50 50 — 1-92 33-90 27-12 811 — — 0-46 13-7 — ,, 50-0 60 — 1-91 33-90 27-12 8-11 — — 0-46 13-7 7-29 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2145 80 100 — 1-90 I 90 33-90 33-90 27-12 27-12 8-II 8-11 z 0-45 0-44 13-7 13-7 7-30 N70B N 100 B ■ 122-0 0016 0036 KT ISO 200 z 1-69 o-8o 33-92 34-15 27-16 27-41 8-10 7-99 — 0-39 0-00 16-5 39-3 7-23 6-12 N70B N 100 B J 270-90 0016 0046 DGP 250 — 1-71 34-37 27-51 7-91 — — 0-00 54-7 4-58 300 — 1-90 34-43 27-55 7-90 — — o-oo 57-1 4-30 400 — 2-03 34-52 27-61 7-89 — — — 608 4-02 S90 — 2- 1 I 34-62 27-69 8-05 — — — 65-0 3-94 790 — 2- 1 I 34-70 27-75 8-02 — — — 68-6 4-08 990 — 2-02 34-72 27-77 7-96 — — — 71-1 4-25 1490 — 1-70 34-73 27-80 8-07 — — — 77-0 4-39 1980 1978 1-26 34-73 27-83 8-04 — — — 82-0 4-49 2480 — 0-88 34-72 27-85 8-04 — — — 94-3 4-63 2970 — 0-47 34-71 27-87 8-13 — — — 104-7 4-61 3470 — 026 34-70 27-88 819 — — — 107-7 4-46 3960 — 0-09 34-70 27-88 8-25 — — — 104-7 4-54 4460 — o-oo 34-69 27-87 8-30 — — 0-00 104-7 4-52 885 20 0 — I-OI 33-94 27-21 8-10 — — 0-45 21-6 7-41 N70 V 1000-740 2003 — 10 hours 10 — I-OI 33-94 27-21 8-10 — — 0-44 21-6 — t* 750-490 20 — 101 33-94 27-21 810 — — 0-44 21-2 7-40 >y 500-240 30 — I-OI 33-94 27-21 8-10 — — 0-44 21-2 — .7 250-100 40 — lOI 33-94 27-21 8-10 — — 0-44 2I-I 7-39 >> 100-50 SO — lOI 33-94 27-21 8-10 — — 0-44 20-7 — J) 50-0 60 — I 02 33-94 27-21 8-10 — — 0-44 21-0 7-40 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2150 80 100 — I 02 I -03 33-94 33-94 27-21 27-21 8-10 8-10 z 0-44 0-44 20-9 21-3 7-39 N70B N 100 B ■ 116-0 2334 2354 KT ISO 200 — 0-87 i-6i 34-14 34-31 27-38 27-47 8-00 7-94 z o-oo 0-00 42-4 51-3 6-21 4-97 N 70 B N 100 B ■ 280-120 2334 0004 DGP 290 — 200 34-45 27-55 7-89 — — o-oo 6i-8 4-24 390 — 211 34-51 27-59 7-92 — — — 65-1 4-03 580 — 2-22 34-64 27-69 7-93 — — — 67-5 3-95 780 — 2-14 34-71 27-76 7-99 — — — 70-1 4-12 970 2-02 34-74 27-79 8-05 ^ 71-5 4-16 95 885—889 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Weather Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb 885 cont. 58° 50-5' S, 125° S4-9' E 1932 25-26 V 886 61° i2-i' S, 127° 52-9' E 26 V 2000 0000 4464* 887 63° 41-4' S, 130° 07' E 27 V 1802 2000 4000* 888 63° 23-2' S, 130° 29-7' E 28 V 0637 889 61° 44-6' S, 131° 38-4' E 28 V 2000 0000 4098* 4645* wsw wsw WxN NWxW N WNW WNW 25 26 18 14 WSW WSW WxN NWxW 23 26 21-26 N WNW WNW 984-8 991-4 ■3-3 ■ 2-2 -5-0 -3-0 heavy WSW swell heavy conf. WSW swell csp bcsp 1003-6 1006-6 1-6 1-6 — 2-1 — 2-1 mod. NW X W swell low NW swell csp osprs 1016-7 ioi6-o -0-6 -0-7 i-S 1-2 1-3 mod. N swell mod. NW swell heavy NW swell 96 R.R.S. Discovery II 885—889 Station Age of moon (days) HVDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth (metres) q| Temp. S7co at pH Mg. — atom m.^ Oj c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N, Si From To 885 20 1460 _ 1-70 34-75 27-82 8-05 — — — 75-9 4-41 cont. 1940 1942 1-22 34-75 27-86 8-04 — — — 86-8 4-51 2460 — 0-89 34-73 27-86 8-01 — — — 98-5 4-73 2950 — 0-50 34-71 27-87 8-11 — — — 101-2 4-76 345° — 0-23 34-70 27-88 8-22 — — — 104-1 4-53 3940 — 0-07 34-70 27-88 8-25 — — — 107-2 4-57 4430 4430 — 0-07 34-69 27-87 8-27 — — 000 107-2 4-53 886 21 0 — — 0-42 33-97 27-32 8-09 — — 0-41? 37-2 7-55 N 70 V 1000-750 2006 10 — — 0-42 33-97 27-32 8-09 — — 0-41 37-2 ,, 750-500 20 — — 0-42 33-97 27-32 8-09 — — 0-41 37-2 7-58 ,, 500-250 30 — — 0-41 33-97 27-32 8-09 — — 0-41 37-2 ,, 250-100 40 — — 0-41 33-97 27-32 8-09 — — 0-41 37-2 7-56 ,, 100-50 5° — — 0-41 33-97 27-32 8-09 — — 0-41 37-2 ,, 50-0 60 — — 0-42 33-97 27-32 8-09 — — 0-40 37-2 7-55 N50 V 1 00-0 2305 80 100 — — 0-42 — 0-41 33-97 33-98 27-32 27-33 8-09 8-o8 — — 040 0-40 37-6 38-0 7-54 N70B N 100 B |- 133-0 2353 0013 KT ISO 200 — I-13 1-35 34-4° 34-47 27-57 27-62 7-94 7-91 — — o-oo 000 59-7 65-1 4-96 4-57 N70 B N 100 B • 302-100 2353 0023 DGP 300 — i-8o 34-64 27-72 7-90 — — 000 70-1 4-09 400 — 1-80 34-68 27-75 7-92 — — — 71-5 4-17 590 — 1-83 34-70 27-77 7-98 — — — 72-9 4-16 790 — 1-73 34-76 27-82 8-12 — — — 74-4 4-07 990 — 1-63 34-76 27-83 8-12 — — 74-4 411 1480 1483 1-23 34-75 2786 8-09 — — — 88-9 4-39 1990 — 0-86 34-74 27-87 8-01 — — — 98-5 4-59 2490 — 0-48 34-72 27-87 8-15 — — — 101-2 4-54 2980 — 0-23 34-71 27-89 8-28 — — — 104-1 4-47 3480 — 0-08 34-70 27-89 826 — — — 104- 1 4-65 3980 3976 — 0-07 34-70 27-89 8-29 — — o-oo 104-1 4-45 887 22 0 -i-6s 33-96 27-35 8-09 — — 0-39 445 7-48 N50 V 1 00-0 I813 Nets towed through 10 — -i-6s 3396 27-35 8-09 — — 0-39 44-5 — N70V 1000-760 streams of very 20 — — 1-64 33-96 27-35 8-IO — — 0-39 44-5 7-51 >» 750-500 light pack-ice and 30 — -1-61 33-96 27-35 8-IO — — 0-39 44-5 — ,, 500-250 brash 40 — — I -60 33-97 27-36 8-10 — — 0-39 45-1 7-52 ,, 250-100 50 — -1-52 33-97 27-36 8-09 — — 0-39 45-1 — ,, 100-50 60 — -I-I9 34-04 27-40 8-09 — — 0-38 42-5 7-29 ,, 50-0 1952 80 100 — 061 1-20 34-47 34-58 27-67 27-72 794 7-93 o-oo o-oo 59-6 62-6 4-47 N70B N 100 B }■ 86-0 2II9 2139 KT 150 200 — 1-58 1-50 34-63 34-67 27-73 27-77 7-91 7-92 z z 0-00 o-oo 66-0 68-4 4-24 4-33 N70B N 100 B J 235-115 2II9 2149 DGP 290 390 — 1-58 I-S9 34-68 34-73 27-77 27-81 7-93 7-95 — — o-oo 0-00 69-7 71-1 4-37 4-40 N70B N 100 B / 120-0 2202 2222 KT 590 — 1-52 34-75 27-84 8-10 — — o-oo 72-4 4-27 N 100 H 0-5 2213 2233 780 — 1-42 34-76 27-84 8-10 — — 0-00 803 4-34 980 975 1-23 34-76 27-86 8-07 — — 0-00 88-0 4-42 1460 — 0-82 34-73 27-86 8-07 — — 0-00 90-1 4-56 1940 — 0-47 34-71 27-87 8-11 — — 0-00 97-2 4-59 2430 — o-i8 34-70 27-87 8-12 — — 0-00 102-6 4-69 2920 — -0-03 34-68 27-87 816 — — 0-00 I02-6 4-77 3400 3395 -0-I9 3467 27-87 8-23 — — 0-00 102-6 4-70 888 22 0 -0-14 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 98-0 1 240-90 0655 0655 0715 0725 KT DGP 889 23 0 020 3396 27-28 8-IO 2-57 — — — 7-54 N70V 1000-750 2010 lO — 0-20 33-96 27-28 8-10 2-57 — — — — ,, 750-500 20 — 0-20 33-96 27-28 8-IO 2-57 — — — 7-51 ,, 500-250 Stray on wire 30 — 0-20 33-96 27-28 8-10 2-57 — — — — ,, 250-100 »» »» »» 40 — 0-20 33-96 27-28 8-IO 2-49 — — — 7-52 „ 100-50 50 — 0-20 33-96 27-28 8-10 2-57 — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — 0-20 33-96 27-28 8-IO 2-34 — — — 7-50 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2325 80 100 — 0-20 0-20 33-96 33-96 27-28 27-28 8-10 8-IO 2-40 2-20 — — — 7-52 N70B N 100 B 106-0 0037 0057 KT 97 13 889—892 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb 889 cont. 6i° 44-6' S, 131° 38-4' E 1932 28-29 890 59° 04-5' S, 133° 18-5' E 29 V 4771' 891 56° 029' S, 135° lo-s' E 30 V 4391' 892 52° 48-5' S, 137° 00-4' E 31 V 3069* NNE SxE ESE 3-4 98 NNE SxE ESE 1013s low swell 1009-3 1011-7 4-2 1-7 39 mod.Wx Sand mod. conf. ENE swells low conf. and mod. conf. swells R.R.S. Discovery II 889—892 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station moon (days) Depth 11 Temp. Nitrate 0, Gear Depth (metres) 0-? °C. S °/c„ al pH P Nitrite Ni Nitrite N, Si c.c. litre (metres) From To 889 corit. 23 150 200 — 089 1-70 34-23 34-41 27-46 27-54 7-97 7-89 2-49 2-6o — — — 563 4-49 N70B N 100 B j 290-90 0037 0107 DGP 300 — 2-00 3452 27-61 7-89 2-64 — — — 4-01 400 — 2-II 34-60 27-66 7-93 2-72 — — — 4-01 590 — 2-03 34-68 27-74 8-03 2-72 — — — 400 790 — 1-99 34-70 27-76 8-09 2-72 — — — 3-99 990 — 1-92 34-76 27-80 8-09 2-6o — — — 4-21 1480 1480 1-53 34-76 27-83 8-09 2-49 — — — 433 1970 — 1-15 34-73 27-84 8-09 2-60 — — — 4-47 2470 — 0-73 34-71 27-86 8-14 2-60 — — — 4-39 2960 — 040 34-70 27-86 816 2-45 — — — 4-46 3450 — 0-17 34-69 27-86 8-26 2-47 — — — 4-38 3950 — o-oo 34-68 27-87 8-37 2-57 — — — 419 890 24 0 — 0-70 3390 27-20 811 2-28 — — — 7-47 N70V 1000-730 2005 10 — 0-70 3390 27-20 811 2-28 — — — >t 750-500 20 — 0-70 33-90 27-20 8-11 2-28 — — — 7-48 »» 500-250 30 — 0-70 3390 27-20 811 2-28 — ^ — — >. 250-100 40 — 0-70 33-90 27-20 8-11 2-28 — — — 7-50 ., 100-50 50 — 0-70 33-90 27-20 8-IO 2-24 — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — 0-70 33-90 27-20 811 2-24 — — — 7-47 N 50 V 100-0 — 2155 80 — 0-64 33-90 27-21 8-10 2-24 — — — — N 70B N 100 B )• 98-0 2312 2332 KT 100 — o-6o 33-90 27-21 810 2-15 — — — 7-51 ) ISO — 024 34-15 27-44 8-02 2-45 — — — 676 N70B I 240-1 10 2312 2341 DGP 200 — 1-68 34-34 27-49 7-93 2-45 — — — 4-78 N 100 B i ^ 300 — 2-09 34-50 27-58 7-89 2-8s — — — 4-14 400 — 2-i6 34-59 27-66 7-91 2-43 — — — 4-02 600 — 2-20 34-66 27-70 8-OI 2-51 — — — 3-99 800 — 2-13 34-70 27-74 7-95 2-49 — — — 4-17 990 — 2-03 34-76 27-80 8-o6 2-51 — — — 4-30 1490 — 1-73 34-76 27-82 8-06 2-45 — — — 4-50 1990 — 1-28 34-74 27-84 8-02 2-36 — — — 4-52 2490 — 070 34-72 2786 8-02 2-47 — — — 4-67 2980 — 0-50 34-71 27-87 8-18 2-51 — — — 4-61 3480 — 0-23 34-70 27-88 8-23 2-49 — — — 4-43 3980 — o-o8 4470 4467 — o-i I 34-69 27-88 8-31 2-49 — — — 4-60 891 25 0 309 33-88 27-01 8-10 2-20 — — — 7-04 N70 V 1 000-7 1 0 2008 Stray on wire 10 — 3-IO 33-88 27-01 8-10 2-20 — — — — ,, 1000-724 20 — 3-IO 33-88 27-01 8-10 2-13 — — — 7-07 ,, 750-500 30 — 3-10 33-88 27-01 8-10 2-55 — — — — .. 500-250 40 — 3-10 33-88 27-01 8-10 2-13 — — — 7-05 ., 250-100 50 — 3-IO 33-88 27-01 8-10 2-09 — — — — .. 100-50 60 — 3-IO 33-88 27-01 8-10 2-09 — — — 7-07 M 50-0 80 — 3-07 33-88 27-01 8-11 2-07 — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 2245 100 — 3-02 33-88 27-02 8-II 2-07 — — — 7-06 N70B 121-0 2322 2342 KT 150 — i-8i 33-97 27-19 8-04 2-13 — — — 6-76 N 100 B 1 200 — 1-82 34-04 27-24 8-05 2-22 — — — 6-38 N70B 260-90 2322 2352 DGP 290 — 232 34-22 27-34 7-96 2-24 — — — 5-27 N 100 B 1 390 — 2-26 34-31 27-42 7-96 2-30 — — — 4-72 590 — 2-49 34-49 27-54 8-04 2-34 — — — 3-76 780 — 2-41 34-59 27-64 8-09 2-36 — — — 3-75 980 979 2-30 34-66 27-69 810 2-30 — — — 3-75 1470 — 2-II 34-75 27-79 809 2-13 — — — 4-05 1930 — i-8i 34-77 27-82 801 2-11 — — — 4-39 2410 — 1-37 34-75 27-85 811 2-15 — — — 4-48 2900 — 0-95 34-72 27-84 8-17 2-28 — — — 4-27 3380 — 0-S4 3470 27-85 8-27 2-28 — — — 4-47 3860 3854 026 3469 27-86 8-25 2-51 — — 4-44 892 26 0 5-00 33-89 26-82 812 1-92 — — — 6-80 N70 V 1000-750 2002 10 — 5-01 3389 26-81 8-12 192 — — — — ,, 750-500 20 — 5-01 33-89 2681 8-12 1-98 — — — 6-81 ,. 500-260 30 — 5-01 33-89 26-81 8-12 1-88 — — — — ,, 250-100 40 — S-oi 3389 26-81 8-12 1-82 — — — 6-8o ,, 100-50 50 — 5-01 33-89 26-81 8-11 i-go " 50-0 99 892—895 R.R.S. Discovery II 892 con!. 893 894 895 Position 52° 48-5' S, 137° 00-4' E 49° 37-S' S, 138° 35-3' E 46° 31-5' S, 139° 50' E 43° 15-5' S, 143° 38-4' E Date 1932 31 V 3 VI 2000 0000 Sounding (metres) 3244' 4448* 4740* ExS SSE WxS WxS Force (knots) 23-25 18 18 SEA Direction ExS SSE WxS WxS Weather opd bcp cp E.-a 0=: 1--— b5 10063 1009-0 looS-S Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 6-1 90 lo-o 10-5 Wet bulb 60 Remarks mod. ExS swell mod. conf. SE swell 9-0 97 mod. conf. SW swell mod. conf. SW swell 100 R.R.S. Discovery II 892—895 Station Age of HVDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS rtY11f Vc . s Mg. — atom m.' TIME (days) Depth •£ 0 Temp. Nitrate 0, Gear Depth XVcniillKs ^metres) ' C. s ^.v^ at pH I' + Nitrite N, Nitrite N, Si c.c, litre (metres) From To 892 26 60 5-01 33-89 26-81 8-II I-81 6-79 N50 V 1 00-0 2230 cont. 80 100 — 5-00 4-89 33-89 33-89 26-82 26-83 8-11 8-n I-81 1-75 — — 6-81 N70B N 100 B j 93-0 2245 2305 KT 150 200 — 4-58 4-13 34-05 34-07 26-99 27-06 8-08 8-07 1-69 1-69 z z z 6-42 6-35 N70B N 100 B 220-100 2245 2320 DGP 300 — 4-13 34-19 27-16 8-03 1-96 — — — - 5-53 400 — 3-81 34-25 27-23 8-02 2-19 — — — 5-14 590 — 2-88 34-29 27-36 8-08 2-26 — — — 4-76 790 — 2-75 34-43 27-48 7-94 2-43 — — — 4-20 990 — 2-59 3452 27-56 8-05 2-40 — — — 3-97 1480 — 2-37 34-68 27-71 8-10 2-32 — — — 3-83 1980 — 2-08 34-74 27-78 8-21 2-IS — — — 3-97 2470 2470 1-65 34-77 27-84 8-21 2-13 4-11 893 27 0 — 7-91 34-15 26-65 8-12 1-31 — — — 6-34 N70 V 1000-750 2010 10 — 7-91 34-15 26-65 8-12 1-27 — — — — 750-500 20 — 7-91 34-15 26-65 8-12 1-29 — — — 6-37 500-250 30 — 7-85 34-14 26-65 8-II 1-20 — — • — — 250-100 40 — 7-51 34-09 26-65 8-12 1-29 — — — 6-42 100-50 50 — 7-40 34-08 26-66 8-11 1-35 — — — — 50-0 60 — 7-41 34-09 26-66 8-11 1-41 — — — 6-41 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2215 80 100 — 7-22 7-35 34-06 34-07 26-67 26-66 8-10 8-10 1-41 1-31 z z z 6-42 N70B N 100 B \ I 00-0 2336 2356 KT 150 — 8-09 34-37 26-79 8-09 1-29 — — — 5-96 N70B ,- 260-100 2336 0006 DGP 190 — 7-70 34-40 26-86 8-06 1-37 — — — 5-8i N 100 B 290 — 7-00 34-34 26-93 8-07 1-48 — — — 5-83 380 — 6-50 34-34 26-99 8-07 1-52 — — — 5-61 570 — 532 34-34 27-13 8-09 1-92 — — — 4-79 770 — 3-83 34-32 27-29 8-10 2-24 — — — 4-73 960 — 3-38 34-37 27-37 7-94 2-40 — — — 4-35 1440 — 2-56 34-58 27-61 8-05 2-41 — — — 3-97 I9I0 — 2-32 34-70 27-73 8-14 2-53 — — — 3-81 2390 — 202 34-76 27-80 8-15 2-30 — — — 3-99 2870 2872 1-46 34-76 27-84 8-18 2-38 — • — 3-92 894 28 0 9-70 34-46 26-60 8-16 0-95 — — — 6-08 N70 V 1000-730 2010 10 — 9-70 34-46 26-60 8-16 0-95 — — — — 750-500 20 — 9-70 34-46 26-60 8-16 0-9S — — — 6-06 500-225 30 — 9-70 34-46 26-60 8-16 0-89 — — — — 250-0 40 — 9-70 34-46 26-60 8-16 0-93 — — — 6-07 250-100 50 — 9-70 34-46 26-60 8-16 0-91 — — — — 100-50 60 — 970 34-46 26-60 8-15 0-89 — — — 6-05 50-0 80 — 9-66 34-45 26-60 8-15 0-91 — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 2210 100 — 9-50 34-44 26-62 8-15 0-89 — — — 6-06 N70B N 100 B • 91-0 2307 2327 KT 150 — 8-52 34-57 26-88 8-11 1-12 — — — 5-81 1 ^ 200 300 8-29 7-99 34-53 34-52 26-88 26-92 8-n 8-11 i-i6 1-22 — 5-89 6-01 N 70B N 100 B I 235-105 2307 2345 DGP 400 — 7-90 34-52 26-93 8-11 1-25 — — — S-90 600 — 8-16 34-60 26-95 8-20 1-33 — — — 5-30 800 — 6-90 34-45 27-02 8-13 1-65 — — — 4-77 1000 — 5-i6 34-40 27-20 8-09 2-13 — — — 4-36 1500 1500 2-87 34-47 27-50 8-01 2-45 — — — 393 1970 — 2-45 34-65 27-67 7-96 2-40 — — — 3-83 2460 — 2-17 34-71 27-75 8-12 2-40 — — — 3-68 2960 — 1-88 34-72 27-78 8-20 2-30 — — — 3-63 3450 3447 1-58 34-72 27-80 8-28 2-30 — — — 3-58 3940 — 1-34 34-71 27-82 8-28 2-26 — — — 3-80 895 29 0 — . 1 1 -08 34-73 26-57 8-17 0-70 — — — 5-87 N70V 1000-735 2008 10 — ii-iS 34-74 26-57 8-17 0-70 — — — — 750-500 20 — 11-16 34-74 26-57 8-17 0-68 — — — 5-88 500-250 30 — 11-16 34-74 26-57 8-17 0-63 — - — • — — 250-100 40 — II-IO 34-74 26-58 8-17 0-68 — — — 5-85 100-50 50 — I I-IO 34-74 26-58 8-17 0-65 — — — — 50-0 60 — I i-i I 34-75 26-58 8-17 0-68 — — — 5-85 N 50 V 1 00-0 — " 2150 80 — 11-14 34-77 26-59 8-17 0-67 — — — — N70 B j- 80-0 2329 2349 KT 100 1 1-20 34-79 26-60 8-17 0-65 5-80 N 100 B lOI 895—899 R.R.S. Discovery II 895 coiit. 896 897 898 899 Position 43° 15-5' S, 143° 38-4' E 40° 15-5' S, 143° 227' E 41° 05-9' S, 148° 56' E 43° 55-5' S, 149° 32-2' E 47° i8-2' S, 150" 20-8' E Date 1932 3-4 vi 4 VI 14-15 vi 15 VI 16 vi Hour 2005 2240 Sounding (metres) 2037* 3051' 4264* WIND Direction wsw WNW NW ExS SExE Force (knots) 12-15 25-30 20-25 19 SEA Direction WSW WNW NW ExS SExE Force Weather cpq bcp be be 1017-1 995-2 9777 9789 Air Temp. ° C Dry bulb 9-7 Wet bulb 8-6 8-9 6-8 6-8 Remarks mod. SW swell mod. NW swell mod. eonf. NW swell mod. conf. W x N and NE swells mod. conf. W x N and NE swells 102 R.R.S. Discovery II 895—899 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS t\e marks U Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station moon (days) Depth il Temp. Nitrate 0. Gear Depth metres) Si 'C. S "/oo al pH P + Nitrite N, siitrite N. Si c.c. litre (metres) From To 895 cont. 29 150 190 — IO-S4 9-56 34-83 34-71 26-74 26-83 8-13 8-14 0-80 0-86 — — — 5-42 5-52 N70B N 100 B j- 200-0 2329 0000 DGP 280 370 z 9-51 8-43 34-75 34-61 26-86 26-92 8-IO 8-09 0-87 1-12 — z — 5-55 5-46 N70B N 100 B 1 250-110 0022 0052 DGP 560 — 816 34-60 26-95 8-11 1-29 — — — 5-31 750 — 7-19 34-50 27-02 8-II 1-67 — — — 4-47 930 — 5-17 34-45 27-24 8-08 2-13 — ■ — — 4-16 1390 1389 2-96 34-53 27-54 7-97 2-43 — — — 3-72 i960 — 3-35 34-69 27-71 7-96 2-38 — — — 3-77 2450 — 2-o6 34-75 27-79 8-09 2-40 — — — 3-69 2940 — I-8I 34-75 27-81 8-19 2-30 — — — 3-74 3430 — 1-49 34-75 27-84 8-18 2-30 — — — 3-70 3920 3917 1-30 34-74 27-84 8-25 2-43 — — — 363 896 O 0 — 15-32 35-48 26-28 8-17 0-34 — — — 5-19 N70 V 100-50 2007 10 — 15-33 35-48 26-28 8-18 0-34 — — — — „ 50-0 20 — 15-33 35-48 26-28 8-18 034 — — — 5-20 Nso V 1 00-0 — 2025 30 40 — 15-33 15-33 35-48 35-48 26-28 26-28 8-19 8-19 0-34 0-34 — 5-20 N70B N 100 B 1 84-0 2036 2051 KT 5° — 15-32 35-48 26-28 8-19 034 60 — 15-30 35-48 26-29 8-19 0-32 — — — S-18 80 — 15-19 35-46 26-30 8-19 0-34 100 — 15-06 35-46 26-33 8-19 0-30 — — — 5-10 897 lO 0 — 13-53 35-22 26-48 8-18 0-49 — — — 5-55 N70 V 1000-750 2250 — 11-5 hours 10 — 13-53 35-22 26-48 8-18 0-49 — — — — ,, 750-500 20 — 13-54 35-22 26-48 8-18 0-48 — — — 5-56 „ 500-250 30 — 13-54 35-22 26-48 8-18 0-48 — — — — n 250-100 40 — 13-54 35-22 26-48 8-18 0-49 — — 5-57 »» 100-50 5° — 13-54 35-22 26-48 8-i8 0-87 — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — 13-53 35-22 26-48 8-i8 0-25 — — — 5-57 N50 V 1 00-0 — 0050 80 100 — 13-53 13-53 35-22 35-22 26-48 26-48 8-18 8-18 0-44 0-44 — 5-57 N70B N 100 B j- I 17-0 0107 0127 KT 150 200 12-91 12-25 35-17 35-16 26-57 26-68 8-13 8-12 0-70 0-84 — — — 4-98 5-03 N70B N 100 B ( 315-120 0107 0137 DGP 290 — 10-99 35-03 26-82 8-11 0-99 — — — 5-16 390 — 9-80 34-80 26-85 8-12 1-22 — — — 4-97 -'-' 590 — 8-25 34-60 26-94 8-22 1-37 — — ■ — 5-15 780 — 7-30 34-54 27-04 8-i6 1-84 — — — 4-21 980 — 5-55 34-48 27-22 8-17 2-03 — — — 3-89 1470 1469 335 34-54 27-51 8-05 2-68 — — — 3-42 898 II 0 — 13-28 35-17 26-49 8-16 0-63 — 0-36 — 5-52 N70 V 1000-750 2010 10 — 13-29 35-17 26-49 8-16 0-63 — 0-33 — — »» 750-500 20 — 13-30 35-17 26-49 8-16 063 — 0-33 — 5-51 )) 500-250 3° — 13-30 35-17 26-49 8-i6 0-63 — 0-33 — — >> 250-100 40 — 13-30 35-17 26-49 8-16 0-59 — 0-33 — 5-53 ») 100-50 50 — 13-30 35-17 26-49 8-16 0-59 — 031 — — ,> 50-0 60 — 13-30 35-17 2649 8-16 0-57 — 0-32 — 5-53 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2150 80 — 13-29 35-17 26-49 8-16 0-57 — 0-32 — — N70B \ 128-0 2226 2246 KT 100 — 13-28 35-17 26-49 8-16 0-57 — 0-33 — 5-52 N 100 B 150 — 12-78 35-25 2664 8-13 0-89 — 0-00 — 4-85 N70B ■ 310-120 2226 2256 DGP 200 — 12-09 35-18 26-74 8-12 0-93 — 0-00 — 5 09 N 100 B I ^ 290 — 10-85 35-00 26-82 8-11 1-03 — — — 5-16 390 — 9-70 34-82 26-89 8-II 1-22 — — — 5-23 59° — 8-21 34-60 26-94 8-08 165 — — — 5-30 780 — 7-27 34-53 27-03 8-04 1-88 — — — 4-32 980 — 5-78 34-47 27-18 8-10 2-30 — — — 4-12 1470 — 3-17 34-55 27-54 8-15 2-45 — 0-00 — 3-43 i960 — 2-41 34-66 27-69 8-15 2-43 — ■ — — 3-46 --' 2450 2449 2-08 34-73 27-77 8-15 2-43 — — — 3-75 899 12 0 — 10-52 34-73 26-67 8-17 0-82 — 0-48 — 5-97 N70 V 1000-750 2006 10 — 10-52 34-73 26-67 8-17 0-86 — 0-48 — — »» 750-515 20 — IO-57 34-74 26-67 8-17 0-86 — 0-47 — S-95 >> 500-260 30 — 10-58 34-74 26-67 8-17 0-89 — 0-48 — — » 250-100 40 " 10-59 34-74 26-67 8-17 0-89 ~ 0-48 5-96 " 100-50 103 899—903 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 899 cont. 900 901 902 903 Position 47" i8-2' S, 150° 20-8' E 49° 26-7' S, 150° 57-6' E 51° 27-8' S, i5i<'20-5'E 52° 23-9' S, 151° 11-4' E 53°32'S, 151° 33-4' E Date 1932 16-17 vi 17 VI 19 VI 19 VI Hour 0923 2000 0000 Sounding (metres) 2489* 4323' 4257" 4329* WIND SSW sw SWxS SWxW SWxW Force (knots) 26-34 35-40 25-2!: 26 16 SEA Direction SSW sw SWxS SWxW SWxW Force 6 very conf. Weather bcq cq cq bcqsp bcqsp 0Z3 994-7 9905 995-2 989-6 989-6 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 2-9 2-9 0-0 - I-I Wet bulb 1-7 2-3 -0-7 -0-3 — i-i Remarks heavy SSW swell heavy SW swell heavy SW swell heavy SW swell mod. SW swell 104 R.R.S. Discovery II 899—903 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS >,2 Mg. — atom m.^ | TIME Station moon j=| 1 0. c.c. litre Remarks (days) Depth (metres) Q ^ Temp. °C. S °/oo at pH p Nitrate + Nitrite Nj Nitrite N, Si Gear Depth (metres) From To 899 13 SO IO-S9 34-74 26-67 8-17 0-87 0-48 — N70 V 50-0 cont. 6o — IO-59 34-74 26-67 8-17 0-87 0-48 — 5-93 Nso V 1 00-0 — 2345 8o lOO — 10-60 10-60 34-74 34-74 26-67 26-67 8-17 8-17 0-86 0-84 z 0-41 0-34 z 5-94 N70B N 100 B J 1 17-0 0000 0020 KT ISO 190 — 10-58 9-91 34-84 34-81 26-75 26-84 8-14 8-14 0-89 1-05 — 0-00 0-00 z 5-54 5-58 N70B N 100 B I 330-0 0000 0030 DGP 290 — 9-20 34-72 26-89 8-12 1-12 — — — 5-61 380 — 8-59 34-63 26-91 8-12 1-20 — — — 5-76 S70 — 7-91 34-50 26-91 8-i8 1-39 — — — - 5-64 760 — 7-90 34-55 26-96 8-18 1-52 — — — 5-42 9SO — 7-18 34-51 27-03 8-19 1-67 — — — 4-95 1430 — 4-77 34-39 27-24 8-04 2-22 — — — 4-38 1910 — 2-42 34-65 27-67 8-08 2-41 — — — 3-83 2380 — 2-03 34-74 27-79 8-02 2-34 — — — 4-15 2860 — 1-68 34-74 27-81 8-16 2-40 — — — 397 3330 — 1-24 34-72 27-82 8-24 2-34 — — — 3-97 3810 3806 0-99 34-71 27-84 8-25 2-22 — — 4-06 900 13 0 692 34-05 26-70 8-14 1-44 — 0-40 — 6-49 N70 V 1000-735 2003 10 — 6-93 34-05 26-70 8-14 1-41 — 0-40 — — ,, 750-500 20 — 6-94 34-05 26-70 8-14 1-43 — 0-40 — 6-48 ,, 500-250 30 — 6-95 34-05 26-70 8-14 1-43 — 0-40 — — >i 250-100 40 — 6-94 34-05 26-70 8-14 1-44 — 0-41 — 6-49 >> 100-50 SO — 6-94 34-05 26-70 8-14 1-48 — 0-41 — — ,, 50-0 60 — 6-94 34-05 26-70 8-14 1-50 — 0-41 — 6-48 N50V 1 00-0 — 2213 80 — 6-92 34-05 26-70 8-14 1-46 — 0-39 — — N 100 B 135-0 2227 2247 KT 100 — 6-84 34-05 26-71 8-11 1-46 — 0-41 — 6-48 N 100 B 340-140 2227 2257 DGP ISO — 7-41 34-33 26-85 8-IO 1-44 — 0-01 — 6-06 N70B 96-0 2321 2341 KT 200 — 7-21 34-39 2693 8-09 1-54 — 0-00 — 5-96 N70B 280-150 2321 2351 DGP 300 — 6-31 34-30 26-98 8-07 1-54 — — — 5-89 400 — 5-8s 34-30 27-04 8-07 I -6s — — — 5-51 590 — 5-10 34-35 27-18 8-o6 2-03 — — — 4-74 790 — 3-87 34-37 27-32 8-10 2-15 — — — 4-38 990 — 3-24 34-41 27-41 8-10 2-30 — — — 4-20 1480 — 2-51 34-61 27-65 8-10 2-26 — — — 3-66 1970 1967 2-32 34-72 27-74 8-15 2-26 — — 3-78 901 14 0 — 5-96 3395 26-75 8-12 1-71 — 0-44 — 6-61 10 — 5-96 33-95 26-75 8-12 1-73 — 0-43 20 — 5-96 33-95 26-75 8-12 1-71 — 0-43 — 6-62 30 — 5-96 33-95 26-75 8-12 1-73 — 0-44 40 — 5-96 33-95 26-75 8-12 1-63 — 0-44 — 6-63 50 — S-96 33-95 26-75 8-12 1-60 — 0-44 60 — 5-96 33-95 26-75 8-12 I -60 — 0-44 — 6-62 80 — 5-96 33-95 26-75 8-12 1-60 — 0-44 100 — 5-96 33-95 26-75 8-12 1-60 — 0-44 — 6-60 ISO — 5-47 33-95 26-81 8-11 1-62 — 0-56 — 6-60 190 — 3-41 3396 27-04 8-08 1-75 — 0-09 — 6-76 280 — 2-83 33-97 27-10 8-08 1-79 — — — 6-40 380 — 3-08 34-17 27-24 8-03 2-11 — — — 5-71 560 — 3-04 34-31 27-35 8-06 2-32 — — — 4-57 7SO — 2-82 34-44 27-48 8-00 2-32 — — — 4-07 940 — 2-72 34-49 27-52 8-09 2-40 — — — 3-89 1400 — 2-44 34-64 27-67 8-09 2-36 — — — 3-80 1870 1870 2-l8 34-73 27-76 8-iS 2-28 — — — 3-88 902 IS 0 6-41 34-22 2690 8-10 — — — — — N 100 B N 100 B 120-0 330-150 0940 0940 1000 1010 KT DGP 903 IS 0 _ 4-92 33-86 26-79 8-n 1-81 — 0-46 — 6-73 N70 V 1000-750 2015 10 — 4-92 33-86 26-79 8-11 1-84 — 0-46 — — ,. 750-500 20 — 4-93 33-86 26-79 8-II 1-84 — 0-46 — 6-72 „ 500-250 30 — 4-91 33-86 26-80 8-11 1-94 — 0-46 — — „ 250-100 40 — 4-91 33-86 26-80 8-11 1-96 — 0-46 — 6-75 „ 1 00-0 SO — 4-91 33-86 26-80 8-n 1-98 — 0-46 — — „ 100-50 60 — 4-91 33-86 26-80 8-11 1-98 — 0-46 — 6-73 ,, 50-0 80 — 4-90 33-87 26-81 8-II 1-90 — 0-46 " N50 V 1 00-0 2305 105 14 903—906 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position 903 cont. 904 905 906 53°32'S, 151° 33-4' E 56° i3-i'S, 152° 15-8' E 59° II-6' S, 153° 11-4' E 61° 247' S, 154° 26-2' E Date 1932 19-20 vi Sounding (metres) 3790 WIND Direction ExN Force (knots) 3702* 3041' ESE SEA Direction ExN Force 20-25 ESE Weather osp at £:2 9842 Air Temp. * C. Dry bulb -2-3 990-7 -O'S Wet bulb ■2-7 Remarks mod. SW swell -0-7 -6-0 -61 heavy ESE swell mod. ENE swell 106 R.R.S. Discovery II 903—906 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Mg. — atom m.^ TIME ^r, RpmirVc Station moon (days) Depth ^metres) Temp. "C. S°/oo at pH p Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite Si 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To l\^lilul(V:> N, 903 i6 lOO 4-90 3396 26-89 8-10 1-92 0-37 6-60 N 100 B 131-0 0037 0057 KT cont. 15° — 4-10 34-05 27-04 8-06 1-98 — o-oo — 6-41 N 100 B 370-140 0037 0107 DGP 200 — 4-n 34-12 27-10 8-05 2-05 — o-oo — 6-09 290 — 4-26 34-23 27-17 8-02 2-13 — 0-00 — 5-41 390 — 3-70 34-30 27-28 7-97 2-36 — 0-00 — 5-06 580 — 3 00 34-35 27-40 8-04 2-51 — — — 4-36 780 — 2-79 34-46 27-49 8-00 2-51 — — — 3-94 970 — 2-S7 34-52 27-56 8-04 2-47 — — — 3-82 1460 1460 2-29 34-70 27-73 8-10 2-32 — — 3-89 1950 — 1-99 34-75 27-80 8-II 2-20 — — 4-11 2440 — 1-65 34-76 27-83 8-07 2-22 — — — 4-39 2930 — I-I2 34-73 27-84 8-16 2-38 — — — 4-17 3410 — 0-85 34-71 27-85 8-16 2-38 — — — 4-20 3900 3901 0-73 34-71 27-86 8-23 2-38 — — — 4-16 904 i6 0 — 1-98 33-81 27-04 8-10 2-19 — 0-41 — 7-19 N70 V 1000-780 2005 10 — 1-98 33-81 27-04 8-10 2-19 — 0-41 — — 750-500 20 — 2-00 33-81 27-04 8-10 2- 1 1 — 0-41 — 7-18 500-250 30 — 200 33-81 27-04 8-10 2-19 — 0-41 — — 250-100 40 — 2-00 33-81 27-04 8-10 2-55 — 0-41 — 7-i8 100-50 5° — 2-00 33-81 27-04 8-10 2-19 — 0-43 — — 50-0 60 — 2-00 33-81 27-04 8-IO 1-92 — 0-43 — 7-17' N50 V 1 00-0 2133 80 — 2-00 33-82 27-05 8-10 2-03 — 0-44 — — N70B ■ 104-0 2222 2242 KT 100 — 1-71 33-88 27-12 8-09 2-03 0-32 — 7-08 N 100 B J 150 — 1-50 34-14 27-35 7-98 2-40 — 0-00 — 5-66 N70B 1 330-130 2222 2252 DGP 200 — 2-OI 34-32 27-45 7-92 2-43 — 0-00 — 4-66 N 100 B 290 — 2-41 34-48 27-55 7-89 2-47 — — — 4-04 390 — 2-34 34-52 27-58 7-90 2-49 — — — 3-97 59° — 219 34-66 27-70 7-88 2-47 — — — 3-89 780 774 2-IS 34-69 27-73 8-00 2-36 — — — 4-04 980 — 2-07 34-69 27-73 8-00 2-36 — — — 4-23 1470 — 1-74 34-76 27-82 7-99 2-36 — — — 4-35 i960 — 1-30 34-74 27-84 8-06 2-34 — — — 4-38 2450 — 0-94 34-71 27-84 8-20 2-38 — — — 4-25 2940 — 0-64 34-70 27-85 8-16 2-51 — — — 4-30 3430 3427 0-50 34-68 27-84 8-15 2-51 — — — 4-25 905 17 0 -o-8i 33-88 27-27 8-06 2-38 — 0-30 — 7-50 N70 V 1 000-0 2038 10 — -o-8i 33-88 27-27 8-06 2-38 — 0-31 — — 1000-750 20 — -0-82 33-88 27-27 806 2-51 — 0-31 — 7-51 750-500 30 — -0-82 33-88 27-27 8-06 2-43 — 0-31 — — 500-250 40 — -0-82 33-88 27-27 8-06 228 — 0-31 — 7-51 250-100 50 — -o-8i 33-88 27-27 8-06 2-28 — 0-33 — — 100-50 60 — -o-8i 33-89 27-27 8-06 2-38 — 0-33 — 7-49 50-0 80 — -0-39 33-97 27-32 8-05 2-45 — 0-27 — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 2248 100 — 0-91 34-41 27-60 7-93 2-49 — o-io — 4-94 N70 B N 100 B ,■ 1 14-0 2323 2343 KT 150 — 1-71 34-59 27-69 7-88 2-49 — 0-00 — 4-02 1 ^ 200 — 1-87 34-65 27-72 7-89 2-49 — — — 4'Oi N 70 B 1 320-138 2323 2353 DGP 300 — I 89 34-68 27-75 7-89 2-49 — — — 4-06 N 100 B 390 — 1-90 34-68 27-75 7-97 2-59 — — — 4-16 59° — 1-84 34-72 27-78 7-99 2-59 — — — 4-21 790 — 1-71 34-71 27-79 8-08 2-55 — — — 4-17 980 — 1-52 34-70 27-80 8-09 2-34 — — 4-34 1470 — 113 34-70 27-82 7-99 2-30 — — — 4-52 1970 — 0-70 34-69 27-83 8-09 2-36 — — — 4-48 2460 — 0-40 34-68 27-85 8-14 2-43 — — — 4-42 2950 — 029 34-68 27-85 8-20 2-38 — — — 4-50 3440 3443 0-26 34-67 27-85 8-20 2-45 — — — 4-49 906 i8 0 _ -I -80 34-14 27-51 8-03 2-47 0-22 — 6-89 N70 V 1000-760 2010 Station worked in a 10 — -i-8o 34-14 27-51 803 2-47 — 0-23 — — 750-500 sea of soft new ice 20 — -I -So 34-14 27-51 8-03 2-47 — 0-24 — 6-86 500-250 30 — -I -80 34-14 27-51 8-02 2-47 — 0-22 — — 250-100 40 — -I -80 34-14 27-51 8-02 2-47 — 0-22 — 684 100-50 5° — -I 80 34-14 27-51 8-02 2-38 — 0-22 — — 50-0 60 -I -So 34-14 27-51 8-02 2-36 0-23 6-88 N50 V 1 00-0 2200 107 906—914 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Positi( Date Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Weather Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 906 font. 6i° 24-7' S, 154° 262' E 1932 22 vi 907 61° 21-5' S, 153° 59-3' E 23 VI 0936 SSE 908 909 910 911 912 61° 33-3' S, 154° 19-4' E 61° 367' S. 154° 31-8' E 61° 35-8' S, 154° 54-2' E 61° i8-2'S, 155° 37-1' E 6i°o5'S, 158° 24-5' E to 61° 02' S, 158° 26' E 23 VI 23 VI 23 VI 23 v: 24 VI 1234 141S 1600 1045 1200 1600 913 914 6o°44-s'S, 158° 37-3' E 60° 20' S, 158° 52-9' E 24 VI 25 VI 991' SSE SSE SE SExS ExS SE SE SE SSE 13 13 IS IS II 13 14 SExS SE SSE 108 -8-6 mod. E X N swell IOII-5 II-6 II-6 mod. ENE swell mod. E X N swell I -8 mod. ESE swell 9-8 -9-8 cs bcs 1006-5 1005-5 10050 12-5 131 I2-I be 1003-2 -II-7 be 1002-6 -9-7 -I3-S -13-1 — 121 -11-7 mod. ENE swell low conf. NE and NW swells mod. NE X E swell mod. NE X E swell low NE swell low NE swell R.R.S. Discovery II 906—914 Station Age of HVDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERV.VnONS Remarks Mg. — atom m.^ TIME (days) Depth metres) ^1 Temp. 'C. S°/.o al pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite Ns Si 0, C.C. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 906 i8 8o -1-57 34-14 27-50 8-02 2-49 0-22 _ KT. Nets closed just below surface to avoid ice. Depth ( estimated cont. lOO 150 — I '20 1-51 34-59 34-67 27-73 27-77 7-90 7-90 2-49 2-49 0-00 0-00 4-40 4-21 N70B N 100 B I I 00-0 2324 2344 200 — 1-52 34-68 27-78 8-06 2-38 — — 4-16 N70B N 100 B k 300 — I-S8 34-69 27-77 8-i6 2-43 — • — — 4-07 } 386-142 2324 2354 DGP 400 — 1-39 34-72 27-81 8-20 2-28 — — 4-03 600 597 1-38 34-73 27-83 8-15 2-28 — — 4-18 770 — 1-33 34-74 27-84 7-96 2-40 — — 4-44 960 — 116 34-72 27-83 8-07 2-43 — — 4-39 1440 — 0-7S 34-69 27-83 8-16 2-49 — — 4-32 1920 — 0-37 34-68 27-85 8-15 2-51 — — 4-36 2400 2396 o-o8 34-67 27-86 8-18 2-SS 4-44 N70B N 100 B ("KT. Nets closed • just below surface [ to avoid ice 907 19 0 -1-72 34-16 27-51 8-02 102-0 0959 IOI9 N70B N 100 B f 290-1 10 0959 1029 [DGP. Station - worked in young [ pancake ice 908 19 0 — -1-72 34-16 27-51 8-01 — — — — — N70B N 100 B N 100 H 1 134-0 0-5 1244 1244 1304 1308 [KT. Station - worked in young [ pancake ice Net filled with ice 909 '9 0 — -1-73 33-97 27-36 8-01 — — — — — N70B N 100 B ■ 165-0 1425 1445 [KT. Station worked in young [ pancake ice 910 19 0 — -1-74 33-96 27-35 8-01 — — — — — N70B N 100 B / 146-0 161I 163I [KT. Station -> worked in young [ pancake ice 911 19 0 -0-78 34-06 27-41 8-o6 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B r 106-0 ■ 300-1 10 2026 2026 2046 2057 KT DGP 912 20 0 — -1-78 33-82 27-24 8-06 1-75 — 0-33 — 7-54 N70B N 100 B • 1 00-0 I 105 1 1 25 Depth estimated 25 — -1-74 33-90 27-30 806 1-79 — 0-33 — 7-57 50 — -1-70 33-96 27-35 8-10 i-8i — 0-34 — 7-47 N 70B N 100 B [DGP. Nets towed for 1 1 minutes at 75 — -0-41 33-97 27-32 8-o8 1-90 — 0-26 — 6-37 • 250-104 I 105 I 146 100 — 1-57 34-48 27-61 8-06 1-96 — o-oo — 3-93 1 104 metres ISO 200 — 1-72 I 94 34-58 34-59 27-68 27-67 7-88 8-11 2-13 2-13 z 000 3-89 4-13 N70H N 100 H o-io 0-5 ■ I 200 1230 |Nets closed before ( heaving 300 400 — 1-93 1-90 34-70 27-77 8-08? 7-94 2-03 z z 4-11 N70H N 100 H o-io 0-2 |l240 13IO (Nets towed just ^ below surface 600 — 1-95 34-70 27-76 8-17 1-98 — — — 3-61 N70 V 750-500 1350 Vertical nets worked 800 i-8s 34-70 27-77 8-14 2-03 4-59 N so V N70H NiooH 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 1 00-0 0-7 0-2 }i653 1540 1723 in light ice com- posed of small cir- cular floes packed close together [In young pancake • ice getting thinner [ towards end of tow 913 20 0 -1-73 33-96 27-35 8-05 NiooH N70B N 100 B N70 B N 100 B 0-2 j- 96-0 302-1 10 280-100 2026 2029 2029 2135 2046 2049 2059 2205 KT DGP DGP. Depth esti- mated 914 21 0 — 0-40 33-88 27-25 8-05 N 100 H N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 0-2 f 95-0 1 288-150 0014 0027 0027 0034 0047 0057 KT DGP 109 915—920 R,R.S. Discovery 11 Static Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 915 916 S9° 48-3' S, 159° i2-i' E 59° i2'7' S, 159° 33-4' E 1932 25 vi 25 VI 0400 0830 917 918 58° 43-3' S, 159° 51-2' E 58° 17-3' S, 160° 066' E 25 VI 1225 25 VI 1600 919 57° 50-4' S, i6o° 23-1' E 25 VI 3484* 920 54° 411' S, 162° 23-1' E 26 vi 4575' SxW SxW SB SE NExN Calms and Lt 9-10 13 12 15 13 SxW SxW SE SE NExN osp cpr ■8-6 -8-6 low E swell 999-8 998-1 -7-0 -7-2 low E X S swell -57 -6-1 mod. SE X E swell 995-4 2-8 -2-9 mod. SE swell 9910 06 mod. S X E swell 1000-3 -0-3 mod. conf. swell IIO R.R.S. Discovery II 915—920 Station HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Age of moon Mg. — atom m.^ 0. c.c. litre TIME (days) Depth metres) Temp. °C. s»/„. at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Mitrite N, Si Gear Depth (metres) From To 915 21 O -0-40 34-01 27-35 8-o8 — — — — N 100 H N70B N 100 B 0-2 0428 0458 r 130-0 0431 0451 Depth estimated N70B N 100 B \ 3IO-IIO 0431 0503 DGP 916 21 0 o-6i 3377 27-10 8-05 N70B N 100 B N70 B N 100 B NiooH \ 146-0 j 358-110 0-2 0854 0854 0853 0914 0924 0955 KT DGP 917 21 o — 0-62 33-82 27-21 8-02 N 100 H N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 0-2 1 117-0 j 300-110 1242 1246 1246 1302 1306 1316 KT DGP 918 21 o 091 33-82 27-13 8-06 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N 100 H [ 138-0 1 350-120 0-2 1620 1620 1623 1640 1650 1643 KT |DGP. Closing \ depth estimated 919 21 o _ 1-78 33-8o 27-05 8-08 2-20 — — — 7-II N70 V 1000-745 2006 Stray on wire lO — 1-77 33-80 27-05 8-09 2-20 — — — — 750-490 >> )) it 20 — 1-76 33-8o 27-05 8-09 2-20 — — — 7-II 500-250 30 — 1-76 33-80 27-05 8-09 2-17 — — — — 250-100 40 — 1-75 33-80 27-05 8-09 2-03 — — — 7-IO 100-50 5° — 1-75 33-80 27-05 8-10 2-07 — — — — 50-0 60 — 1-75 33-80 27-OS 8-10 2-II — — — 7-08 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 22II 80 — I-S9 33-80 27-06 8-10 2-07 — — — — N70B j- 128-0 2250 2310 KT 100 — 1-48 33-80 27-07 8-10 2-07 — — — 7-13 N 100 B ISO — 1-89 34-o6 27-25 8-00 2-34 — — — 6-03 N 100 H 0-2 2250 2315 200 — 2-00 34-17 27-33 7-95 2-41 — — — 519 N70B N 100 B f 306-130 2250 2320 DGP 300 — I-9S 34-32 27-45 7-92 2-60 — — — 4-52 400 — 210 34-45 27-54 7-92 2-60 — — — 4-03 59° — 2-22 34-57 27-63 7-93 2-60 — — — 3-82 790 — 219 34-66 27-70 8-02 2-47 — — — 3-78 990 — 2-10 34-68 27-73 7-95 2-41 — — — 4-04 1480 — 1-78 34-70 27-78 8-01 2-41 — — — 4-15 1970 — 1-34 34-70 27-81 8-12 2-43 — — — 4-10 2470 — 099 34-69 27-81 8-i6 2-51 — — — 4-09 2960 2961 071 34-69 27-83 8-20 2-30 — — — 4-08 920 22 0 291 33-83 26-99 8-10 2-01 — — — 6-97 N70 V 1000-775 2004 10 — 2-95 33-83 26-99 8-10 2-01 — — — — 750-520 20 — 2-95 3383 26-99 8-IO 2-00 — — — 6-93 500-250 30 — 2-9S 33-83 26-99 8-10 2-07 — — — — 250-100 40 — 2-94 33-83 26-99 8-10 2-IS — — — 6-94 100-50 50 — 2-94 33-83 26-99 8-IO 2-13 ■ — — — — 50-0 60 — 2-92 33-83 2699 8-10 2-13 — — — 6-95 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2248 80 — 2-92 33-83 26-99 8-09 2-15 — — — — N 70 B • 123-0 2316 2336 KT 100 — 2-93 33-83 26-99 8-09 2-15 — — — 6-90 N 100 B 1 ISO — 2-93 33-83 26-99 8-09 2-19 — — — 6-90 N 70 B \ 320-100 2316 2346 DGP 190 — 2-52 33-89 27-06 8-08 2-24 — — — 6-72 N 100 B 290 — 2-82 34-05 27-16 8-04 2-30 — — — 600 380 — 3-01 34-24 27-31 7-97 2-49 — — — 4-90 580 — 2-6o 34-32 27-40 7-96 2-64 — — — 4-43 770 — 2-S9 34-43 27-49 8-05 2-64 — — — 3-88 960 — 231 34-52 27-58 8-o6 2-64 — — — 3-66 1440 1442 2-20 34-69 27-72 8-07 2-55 — — — 3-88 1920 — 1-99 34-71 27-77 7-99 2-43 — — — 4-14 2410 — 1-62 34-72 27-80 8-14 2-38 — — — 4-17 2890 — 1-29 34-70 27-81 8-21 2-47 — — — 4-00 3370 — 099 3469 27-81 8-22 2-41 — — — 4-02 3850 — 086 34-68 27-82 8-26 2-09 399 III 921—924 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Era Air Temp. ° C, Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 921 51° 39-4' S, 163° 52-2' E 1932 27 vi 4292* 25-45 922 50° 19-6' S, 163° 49-4' E 923 47° ii-7'S, 163° 414' E 924 44° 17-5' S, 165° 46-2' E 6-7 conf. bcq ioo8-8 30 0-7 heavy conf. S swell 28 vi 29 VI 30 VI 0700 0605 0710 1200 2050* 4574* 4447* W WxS W WSW 23 15 16 II IS w WxS W WSW cp bcp be be 1015-9 31 1020-3 1019-6 1019-4 1020-7 0-8 heavy conf. SW swell 8-1 8-0 lo-i II-2 7-2 7-9 9-7 94 mod. conf. W swell mod. conf. W swell mod. SW swell 112 R.R.S. Discovery II 921—924 Station Age of IIYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATION'S BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks 0 Mg. — atom m.* TIME (days") Depth (metres) Temp. C. s °,'„ at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N, Si 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 921 23 O 7-74 34-36 26-83 8-09 1-39 _ _ _ 6-21 N70 V 50-0 2015 Vertical hauls aban- lO — 7-74 34-36 26-83 8-09 1-46 — J, 1 00-0 2030 doned owing to 20 — 7-74 34-36 26-83 8-09 1-48 — 6-20 weather 3° — 7-75 34-36 26-83 8-10 1-56 — — N 100 B I 14-0 2145 2205 Depth estimated 4° — 7-74 34-36 26-83 8-10 1-35 — 6-21 N 100 B 250-100 2145 2206 Depth estimated 50 — 7-74 34-36 26-83 8-10 1-33 60 — 7-74 34-36 26-83 8-10 1-35 — 6-19 80 — 7-74 34-36 26-83 8-10 I-4I 100 — 7-74 34-36 26-83 8-10 I-41 — 6-19 150 — 7-79 34-37 26-83 8-09 I-4I — 6-21 200 — 8-08 34-44 26-85 8-09 1-46 — — 6-04 300 — 7-74 34-50 26-94 8-09 1-48 — 5-90 400 — 7-75 34-50 26-94 8-09 1-54 — 5-77 500 — 765 34-50 26-95 8-21 1-56 — 5-24 1000 — 4-28 34-32 27-24 8-22 2-19 — 4-33 922 24 0 _ 8-24 34-45 26-82 8-o8 1-24 6-05 N70B 1 KT 10 — 8-24 34-45 26-82 8-08 1-24 — — N 100 B • I 21-0 0727 0747 20 8-24 34-45 26-82 8-08 1-24 — 6-o6 N70B 1 0 30 — 8-24 34-45 26-82 8-08 1-22 — — N 100 B j 338-192 0727 0757 DGP 40 — 8-24 34-45 26-82 8-08 1-24 — 6-02 N70 V 1000-780 0815 50 — 8-24 34-45 26-82 8-08 1-27 — — ,, 750-500 60 — 8-23 34-45 26-82 8-08 I-3I — 6-02 „ 500-250 80 — 8-20 34-45 26-83 8-08 1-25 — — ,, 250-100 100 — 8-20 34-45 26-83 8-09 1-29 — 6-04 ,, 100-50 150 — 8-14 34-44 26-84 8-10 1-29 — 6-04 ,, 50-0 200 — 8-09 34-44 26-85 8-10 I-3I — 6-05 N50 V 1 00-0 1045 300 — 8-21 34-53 26-90 8-09 1-37 — 5-61 400 — 7-80 34-50 26-93 8-09 1-44 — 5-71 600 — 7-61 34-51 26-97 8-20 1-54 — 4-99 800 — 6-i6 34-36 27-05 8-22 2-24 — — — 4-54 1000 — 4-53 34-34 27-23 8-17 2-24 — 4-38 1 500 — 2-87 34-46 27-49 8-11 2-95 — 3-67 923 25 0 10 — 8-88 8-88 34-44 34-44 26-72 26-72 8-15 8-15 1-18 I -20 — — — 6-06 N70B N 100 B i I 00-0 0618 0638 KT 20 — 8-88 34-44 26-72 8-15 1-20 — 6-08 N 100 B 240-138 0618 0658 DGP 30 — 8-89 34-44 26-72 8-15 1-24 — — N70B 460-130 0708 0738 DGP 40 ' 8-89 34-44 26-72 8-15 I-20 — — — 6-07 N70 V 1000-790 0748 50 — 8-89 34-44 26-72 8-15 1-20 — — ,, 750-500 60 — 8-89 34-44 26-72 8-15 1-29 — 6-07 ,, 500-250 80 — 8-88 34-44 26-72 8-15 1-27 — — ,» 250-100 100 — 8-88 34-44 26-72 8-15 1-25 — 6-08 ,, 100-50 150 — 8-88 34-44 26-72 8-14 1-24 — 6-06 „ 50-0 200 — 7-99 34-45 26-86 8-11 1-46 — 5-86 N50 V 1 00-0 — 0918 300 — 7-80 34-46 26-90 8-10 1-52 — 5-87 390 — 7-91 34-53 26-94 8-09 1-58 — 5-57 490 7-84 34-54 26-96 8-26 1-73 — 5-08 590 — 7-60 34-52 26-98 8-17 I-7I — 5-38 790 — 6-07 34-43 27-11 8-02 2-13 — 4-64 980 — 4-75 34-35 27-22 8-20 2-32 ■ — 4-05 1380 — 3-09 34-44 27-46 8-15 2-32 — 3-61 1470 — 2-93 34-47 27-49 8-02 2-38 — 3-95 1970 — 2-36 34-67 27-70 7-99 2-53 — 3-84 2460 — 1-93 34-72 27-77 8-15 2-60 — 3-74 2950 — 1-50 34-73 27-82 8-15 2-55 — 3-96 3440 — 1-32 34-72 27-82 8-19 2-51 — 3-88 3930 3925 1-29 34-72 27-82 8-14 2-41 — 3-89 924 26 0 — 11-38 34-85 26-60 8-19 0-72 — 5-71 N70B I 95-0 0720 0740 KT 10 — 11-38 34-85 26-60 8-19 0-72 — — N 100 B 20 — 11-38 34-85 26-60 8-19 0-59 — — — 5-72 N70B 1 220-95 0720 0750 DGP 30 — 11-38 34-85 26-60 8-19 0-76 — — N 100 B 40 — 11-33 34-85 26-61 8-19 0-72 — 5-65 N70V 1000-750 0805 5° — 11-33 34-85 26-61 8-19 0-65 — — ,, 750-500 60 — 11-32 34-85 26-61 8-19 0-67 — 5-67 )» 500-250 80 — 11-32 34-85 26-61 8-19 0-74 ~ »» 250-100 113 IS 924—929 R.R.S. Discovery II Position Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force cc'c Air Temp. " C. Dr>- bulb Wet bulb 924 cont. 44° 17-5' S, 165° 46-2' E 1932 30 vi 925 926 41° 20-5' S, 167° 55-5' E 0728 38° 01-9' S, 170° 12-8' E 927 36° 12-2' S, 171° 24-1' E 928 929 34° 39-2' S, 172° 25-9' E 34° 21' S, 172° 48' E to 34° 22' S, 172° 498' E 2 vu 3 Vll 16 viii 0732 0830 loss 1170* go8* 152" WSW wsw ssw SWxS S8 WNW 16 WSW 19 14 15 wsw ssw SWxS WNW be I02I-2 be cp loig-s 1009-4 10-3 8-9 mod. WSW swell 133 13-3 13-0 103 1 14 11-9 mod. WSW swell mod. SW swell mod. SW swell mod. conf. W swell. Sounding by plank- ton wire 114 R.R.S. Discovery II 924—929 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS u. Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station Age of moon (days) ( Depth metres) ^2 Temp. = C. S7o, at pH 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks p Nitrate + Nitrite N, Mitrite N, Si From To 924 26 100 11-30 34-86 26-63 8-19 0-67 — — — 5-66 N70 V 100-50 cont. 15° — 10-38 34-86 26-79 8-14 1-08 — — — 5-31 „ 50-0 200 — 9-98 34-82 26-84 8-10 1-14 — — — 5-19 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 0935 300 — 9-04 34-74 26-93 8-08 1-46 — — — 5-01 390 — 8-IO 34-65 27-00 8-08 1-60 — — — 5 -03 590 — 7-83 34-58 26-99 8-08 1-81 — — — 4-86 790 — 6-58 34-51 27-11 8-10 2-13 — — — 4-i8 980 957 5-20 34-46 27-24 8-11 2-36 — — 411 1470 3-03 34-56 27-55 8-03 2-79 — — — 3-53 1970 — 2-39 34-68 27-71 8-14 2-81 — — — 3-48 2460 — 1-95 34-74 27-79 8-04 2-74 — — — 3-94 2950 — I-S5 34-74 27-82 8-20 2-74 — — — 3-88 3440 — 1-28 34-74 27-84 8-20 2-62 — — — 3-95 3930 3926 i-i6 34-74 27-85 8-21 2-62 ~ ~ 3-91 925 26 0 10 — 12-07 12-07 34-93 34-93 26-54 26-54 816 8-16 0-61 0-65 — z — S-67 N70B N 100 B ■ IIO-O 0743 0803 KT 20 30 — 12-08 12-08 34-93 34-93 26-54 26-54 8-i6 8-16 0-63 061 — — — 5-67 N70 B N 100 B 1 282-126 0743 0813 DGP 40 12-08 34-93 26-54 8-16 0-59 — — — 5-67 N70 V 1000-750 0830 5° — i2-o8 34-93 26-54 8-16 0-67 — — — — yt 750-500 60 — 12-08 34-93 26-54 8-16 0-67 — — — 5-65 .. 500-250 80 — 12-08 34-93 26-54 8-16 0-65 — — — — )» 250-100 100 — 12-08 34-93 26-54 8-16 0-59 — — — 5-67 >> 100-50 150 — 11-55 35-08 26-75 8-14 0-91 — — — 5-21 1. 50-0 200 11-20 35-01 26-77 8-13 1-03 — — — 5-22 N 50 V 1 00-0 — IOI2 300 — 10-40 34-92 26-84 8-09 1-25 — — — 4-83 400 — 9-33 34-77 26-90 8-07 1-48 — — — 4-75 590 — 8-33 34-63 26-95 8-12 1-73 — — — 4-83 790 — 7-04 34-55 27-09 8-08 2-07 — — — 4-27 990 991 S-34 34-43 27-21 8-06 2-38 — " 4-02 926 28 0 14-18 35-35 26-44 8-16 0-53 — — — 5-35 N70B N 100 B 1 81-0 0744 0804 KT 10 14-18 35-35 26-44 8-16 0-46 — — — 20 14-18 35-35 26-44 8-16 0-44 — — — 5-35 N 100 B 198-100 0744 0814 DGP 30 — 14-16 35-35 26-44 8-16 0-44 — — — — N50 V 100-0 0825 40 — 14-16 35-35 26-44 8-16 0-46 — — — 5-31 N 70 V 750-500 SO — 14-16 35-35 26-44 8-16 0-48 — — — — >. 500-140 60 — 14-16 35-35 26-44 8-16 0-51 — — — 5-31 .. 500-250 80 — 14-16 35-35 26-44 8-16 0-53 — — — — .. 250-100 100 — 14-17 35-35 26-44 8-16 0-51 — — — 5-31 .. 100-50 150 12-53 35-24 26-69 8-12 0-89 — — — 4-79 >, 50-0 — 1005 DGP 200 12-01 35-17 26-74 8-11 1-03 — — — 4-64 N70B 272-108 1014 1044 300 — 11-00 35-02 26-82 8-07 1-37 — — — 4-28 400 — 10-13 34-91 26-88 8-06 1-50 — — — 4-21 4-46? 600 — 8-00 34-61 27-00 8-09 i-8i — — — 800 — 6-78 34-56 27-12 8-11 2-11 — — — 3-93 927 29 0 — 15-00 — — — — — " N70H N50H 0 0 2210 2215 — Wake of ship brightly luminescent. Tem- perature from ther- mograph 928 0 0 _ 14-92 35-39 26-31 8-16 0-61 — — — 5-10 N 50 V 100-0 0838 10 — 14-92 35-39 26-31 8-16 0-61 — — — N70 V 150-100 20 — 14-92 3539 26-31 8-16 0-63 — — — 5-i8 >) 100-50 30 — 14-91 35-39 26-31 8-16 0-65 — — — — N70B N 100 B 50-0 1 119-0 ~ 0907 40 — 14-90 3539 26-31 816 0-59 — — — 5-14 0920 0940 KT 50 — 14-84 35-39 26-32 8-i6 0-57 — — — 60 — 14-82 35-38 26-33 8-16 0-57 — — — 5-11 80 — 14-41 35-32 26-36 8-15 0-72 100 — 14-03 35-28 26-41 8-14 0-82 — — — 4-72 150 — 13-52 35-22 26-48 26-35 26-37 26-34 8-14 0-97 4-48 DC 58 - 58-55 1114 1115 929 14 0 50 0 — 14-81 14-73 14-91 35-41 35-41 35-42 — — — — OTL N7-T N4-T I150 1250 50 — 14-76 35-41 26-36 115 930—943 R,R,S. Discovery 11 WIND SEA t-^-v. Air Temp. " C. Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) Weather 0; n Remarks Direction Force (linots) Direction Force a c Drv bulb Wet bulb 930 Murimotu Light House bearing N 35° E distant 1-8 miles 1932 16 viii 1640 29* NWxW 19 NWxW 3 be 1008-7 14-0 "•5 mod. ENE swell 931 34° 14-8' S, 172° 30' E to 34° 15-3' S, 172° 28-4' E 17 viii 0720 95* SWxW 33 SWxW 5 cpq 1013-3 II-8 10-2 heavy SSW swell 932 34° 13' S, 172° 15-9' E to 34° 12-2' S, 172° 15' E 17 viii 0945 185 SWxW 23 SWxW 4 be 1014-2 14-3 lO-O mod. ENE swell. Sounding from chart 933 34° 13-3' S, 172° 12'E to 34° 13-2' S, 172° 12-9' E 17 viii IO51 260 SWxW 23 SWxW 5 be 1014-7 — mod. eonf. E swell. Sounding by plank- ton wire 934 34° 1 1-6' S, 172° 10-9' E to 34° 1 1 -4' S, i72°io-3' E 17 viii I152 1345 97* 92-98 WSW 24 WSW 5 bepq 1014-9 14-0 10-6 mod. eonf. SW swell. Second sounding by plankton wire 935 34^iiS'S, i72°o8-s'Eto 34° 1 1-9' S, 172° 08-5' E 17 viii 1433 84* sw 27-28 sw 4 be 1015-8 12-8 10-6 mod. SW swell 936 3S°o3-5'S, 172° 58-2' E to 35°o5-4' S, 172° 58-7' E 18 viii 0700 42-53 50 SxW 16 SxW 3 be 1028-2 13-6 10-8 heavy WSW swell. First sounding from chart, second by plankton wire 937 35° i8-7' S, 173° 08-2' E 18 viii HOC 48* 48 SxW II SxW 3 b 1027-8 134 10-7 Second sounding by plankton wire 938 35°3o-6'S, 173° 19' E 18 viii 1300 37 SxW 13 SxW 2 bcp 1027-8 13-3 I i-o heavy eonf. SW swell. Sounding by plank- ton wire 939 35° 49-6' S, 173° 27' E to 35° si-6' S, 173° 28-9' E 18 viii 1545 87* 87 WSW 10 WSW 2 be 1028-7 13-0 10-7 mod. SW swell. Second sounding by plankton wire 940 38° 24-8' S, 173" 41' E 19 viii 1035 142* WSW II WSW 3 c 1029-4 11-8 9-7 mod. SW X W swell 941 40° 5 1 -4' S, i74°48-2'Eto 40° 55-8' S, 174° 46-7' E 20 viii 0330 122-128* ENE II ENE 3 c 1025-0 9-7 8-6 mod. eonf. swell 942 42° 463' S, 176° 14-8' E 31 viii 2000 660* s 7-10 s 3 b 1009-2 11-2 90 mod. eonf. NW swell 943 45° 28-4' S, 179° 06-4' E I ix 1955 2552* N 23-25 N 5 b 1005-7 8-6 8-0 mod. eonf. NE and WSW swells 116 R.R.S. Discovery II 930—943 Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 14 IS 15 15 15 15 i6 i6 i6 940 17 941 942 28 943 o 80 o 180 o 260 o 90 o Temp. °C. S7«, o 45 o 56 o 36 o 87 o 85 o ISO o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 500 o 10 20 14-50 14-64 14-64 14-64 13-91 14-62 13-62 14-37 14-36 14-12 14-20 13-86 13-72 13-93 13-91 13-72 13-62 13-81 14-12 14-61 13-91 14-24 13-85 13-53 11-03 11-03 9-12 9-17 9-17 9-17 9-17 9-17 9-17 9-06 9-01 8-86 8-39 8-50 8-29 8-11 7-37 7-39 7-40 3539 35-39 35-37 35-29 35-37 35-28 pH Mg. — atom m.' 35-3S 35-35 35-37 35-39 35-30 35-29 35-30 35-30 35-20 35-29 34-86 35-31 35-33 35-32 35-34 35-29 35-37 34-89 35-05 34-61 34-61 34-61 34-61 34-61 34-61 34-61 34-60 3459 34-56 34-49 34-55 34-57 34-52 34-42 34-43 34-43 2637 26-37 2636 26-45 26-36 26-50 26-40 26-40 26-47 26-46 26-47 26-49 26-45 26-46 2642 26-51 26-13 26-42 26-33 26-47 26-42 26-46 2659 26-70 26-82 26-82 26-81 26-81 26-81 26-81 26-81 26-81 26-81 26-82 26-81 26-83 26-87 26-91 26-90 26-92 26-94 26-94 Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N. 0-97 0-97 0-97 0-97 0-97 0-97 0-97 0-95 0-93 0-93 i-oi 1-24 1-43 1-41 1-24 1-24 1-22 o, ex. litre 0-17 0-16 0-17 0-16 0-16 0-16 0-16 0-17 0-17 0-04 0-00 000 0-00 o-oo 0-24 0-23 0-23 s-i 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1 s-i s-i 5-1 s-i 5-1 7-3 8-3 4-9 4-9 4-8 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear 5-95 5-94 S-93 5-95 590 S-73 5-70 5-25 5-09 4-86 6-34 6-35 Depth (metres) DC DC DC DC DC OTL N4-T DRL DRL DC OTL N7-T N4-T DC DC DC OTL N7-T N4-T N50 V N70B N 100 B N 50 V N70B N 100 B DC DRL N70 V N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N70 V 29 95 185 260 100 92-98 98 84 50 50-57? 48 37 87 87 TIME 1 00-0 I 128-0 128 128 620-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 100— o I 132-0 I 350-110 1000-750 750-500 500-0 To Remarks 1640 0759 1007 II25 1205 1232 1345 1433 0720 0800 III5 1313 1558 1623 1038 1055 0341 0401 0434 1730 0800 1008 1126 1206 1302 1445 0730 0900 2149 2149 2005 Ship at anchor, tem- perature from ther- mograph OTL badly torn 1604 1723 1042 1115 0350 0421 0505 2127 2209 2219 KT KT + 12 hours KT DGP 117 943—947 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 943 cont. 944 945 946 947 Position Date 1932 45° 28-4' S, 179° 06-4' E I ix 47° 41-6' S, 178° 16' W 48° 25-6' S, 177° 24-5' W 49° 24-6' S, i76°2i-3"W 51° 59-2' S, 173° 26-9' W Hour 3 IX 3 IX 4 IX Sounding (metres) WIND 0932 2000 0000 4783* SO38* 2441' 5044* Direction sw SxW SWxW NW NWxW Force (knots) SEA Direction 30-40 26 34 34 sw Force SxW SWxW NW NWxW Weather £.-2 o^ Air Temp. ^ C Dry bulb Wet bulb bcpq be 1007-3 1010-4 1002-5 998-8 5-9 6-0 6-6 VS 7-1 5-3 Remarks heavy conf. SW swell 5-2 6-4 6-2 6-7 heavy conf. SW and W swells heavy conf. SW swell heavy conf. NWswell heavy conf. NWswell 118 R.R.S. Discovery II 943—947 Station Age of moon HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Kemarks Mg. — atom m.^ 0, TIME t (days) Depth metres) Temp. °C. S°/„o at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N, N, Si c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 943 I 30 7-40 34-43 26-94 1-22 — 0-23 S-o — N70 V 250-100 cont. 40 7-40 34-43 26-94 — 1-22 — 0-24 5-4 6-33 J> 100-50 SO 7-40 34-43 26-94 — 1-22 — 0-23 6-2 — .. 50-0 60 7-40 34-43 26-94 — 1-24 — 0-24 5-6 6-32 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2230 80 — 7-38 34-43 26-94 — 1-22 — 0-24 5-4 — N70B N 100 B !- 128-0 2322 2342 KT 100 7-39 34-43 26-94 — 1-22 — 0-22 5-4 6-22 ) 150 — 7-30 34-45 26-96 — 1-29 — o-o6 5-9 6-08 N70 B 1 356-130 2322 2352 DGP 200 6-61 34-36 26-99 — 1-41 — 0-14 5-9 6-20 N 100 B 300 6-38 34-36 27-02 — 1-62 — 0-00 7-1 5-98 400 6-o8 34-34 27-05 — 1-69 — — 7-1 6-08 600 5-76 34-30 27-05 — 1-82 — — 11-2 5-55 800 4-86 34-34 27-19 — 2-17 — — 19-0 4-80 1000 3-80 34-34 27-31 — 2-22 — — 25-7 4-44 1500 260 34-55 27-59 — 2-45 — — 42-3 3-73 2000 2-30 34-67 27-70 — 2-34 — — 52-8 3-65 944 2 0 _ 6-54 34-34 26-98 — 1-60 — o-i I 6-5 6-26 N70 V 1000-750? 20II Bad stray on wire 10 6-60 34-34 26-98 — 1-62 — o-ii 6-4 — 750-500 20 660 34-34 26-98 — 1-65 — O-I I 6-4 6-26 500-250 30 6-6i 34-34 26-98 — 1-79 — o-ii 6-3 — 250-100 40 6-6i 34-34 26-98 — 1-62 — O-II 6-3 6-27 100-50 5° 6-61 34-34 26-98 — 1-62 — O-II 6-3 — 50-0 60 6-58 34-34 26-98 — 1-46 — o-io 5-6 6-23 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2202 80 6-51 34-36 27-00 — 1-63 — 0-08 7-6 100 6-51 34-36 27-00 — 1-63 — 0-09 6-6 6-40 150 6-50 34-37 27-01 — i-6s — 0-09 6-6 6-42 190 6-41 34-37 27-03 — 1-73 — 0-04 6-9 6-29 280 5-90 34-31 27-04 — 1-71 — 0-05 7-6 6-24 380 5-41 34-22 27-02 — 1-92 — 0-00 9-0 6-16 570 4-8i 34-31 27-17 — 2-28 — — 18-2 5-05 750 3-68 34-31 27-29 — 2-34 — — 23-4 4-80 940 3-10 34-38 27-41 — 2-53 — — 34-1 4-38 1400 2-64 34-58 27-61 — 2-59 — — 53-6 3-49 1880 2-25 34-72 27-75 — 2-53 — — 50-6 3-77 2350 2344 1-94 34-75 27-80 — 2-34 — — 52-1 3-80 2910 1-57 34-74 27-82 — 2-40 — — 57-8 4-26 3390 1-23 34-73 27-84 — 2-34 — — 59-7 4-03 3880 I -00 34-73 27-85 — 2-34 — — 66-3 4-12 4360 4358 089 34-73 27-86 — 1-75 — — 72-9 4-06 945 3 0 6-00 _ — — N 100 B 102-0 0947 1007 KT N 100 B 255-80 0947 IO18 DGP 946 4 0 _ 6-90 34-33 26-92 1-43 — 0-21 4-9 6-43 N70V 1000-750 2010 10 6-90 34-33 26-92 — 1-39 — 0-21 4-8 — 750-500 20 690 34-33 26-92 — 1-41 — 0-20 5-2 6-44 500-250 30 6-87 34-32 26-92 — 1-48 — 0-20 5-2 — 250-100 40 6-84 34-31 26-92 — 1-41 — 0-20 5-2 6-45 100-50 50 6-8o 34-30 26-91 — 1-48 — 0-21 5-2 — 50-0 60 6-8i 34-30 26-91 — 1-46 — 0-21 5-2 6-40 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2150 80 6-81 34-30 26-91 — 1-54 — 0-21 5-4 — N70B \ 128-0 2237 2257 KT 100 6-53 34-30 26-95 — 1-50 — 0-66 6-7 6-41 N 100 B ISO 6-53 34-30 26-95 — 1-52 — 0-28 7-0 6-35 N 70 B > 270-120 2237 2307 DGP 190 6-24 34-29 26-98 — 1-60 — 0-14 7-0 6-36 N 100 B 280 593 34-27 27-01 — 1-67 — 0-06 7-1 6-25 380 5-93 34-29 27-02 — 1-86 — o-oo 10-8 5-64 560 5-IO 34-34 27-17 — 2-15 — — 18-4 4-91 750 3-93 34-35 27-31 — 2-41 — — 25-8 4-51 940 3-28 34-38 27-39 — 2-34 — — 25-8 4-59 ^ 1400 2-58 34-56 27-59 — 2-64 — — 47-5 3-66 1870 1869 2-35 34-64 27-68 — 2-53 — — 53-5 3-66 947 5 0 10 — 6-93 6-94 34-35 34-35 26-94 26-94 — 1-56 1-46 — 0-24 0-24 6-1 6-1 6-40 N70V 1000-785 750-500 2032 Closing depth mated esti- 20 6-94 34-35 26-94 — 1-46 — 0-24 6-1 6-40 " 500-250 30 6-94 34-35 26-94 — 1-46 — 0-24 6-1 — " 250-100 40 6-94 34-35 26-94 — 1-48 ' 0-24 6-0 6-43 >j 100-50 119 947—949 R.R.S, Discovery II Station Position Sounding (metres) Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Weather Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 947 cont. 51° 59-2' S, 173" 26-9' W 1932 4-5 ix 948 54° 24-9' S, 170° 13' W 5 IX 2000 0000 S083* WxS WNW 22-25 20 WxS WNW be ope 949 56-^ 49-6' S, 166° 55-9' W 6 ix 2000 0000 5067* WNW NWxW 30-35 31 WNW NWxW opd opdq 1005-4 1007-4 40 4-3 3-4 4-3 heavy WxS swell mod. WxS swell 1007-9 1007-4 4-5 4-7 4-5 4-6 heavy W x N swell heavy W x N swell 120 R.R.S. Discovery II 947—949 Station Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth metres) Temp. ' C. S =/,o ol pH Mg. — atom m.' 0, C.C. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME P Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N, Si From To Q ^ N, 947 S 5° 6-94 34-35 26-94 1-43 — 0-24 5-7 N 70 V 50-0 Clint. 6o 694 34-35 26-94 1-44 — 0-25 5-5 6-38 Nso V 100-0 — 2232 8o 693 34-35 26-94 1-48 — 0-26 5-4 — N 100 B I 17-0 2345 0005 KT lOO 6-91 34-35 26-95 1-63 — 0-26 5-5 6-39 N 100 B 310-130 2345 0015 DGP 150 6-86 34-34 26-94 1-58 — 0-24 5-5 6-36 200 6-45 34-29 26-95 1-65 — 0-04 59 619 300 6-40 34-32 26-99 1-65 — o-oo 7-1 6-15 390 6-13 34-3° 27-00 i-8i — o-oo 8-6 6-19 590 5-59 34-33 27-09 2-07 — — 15-2 5-05 780 4-37 34-32 27-23 2-34 — — 24-8 4-65 980 3-56 34-37 27-35 2-55 — — 31-9 4-21 1470 I471 2-6g 34-51 27-54 2-55 — — 47 -o 3-60 1930 2-35 34-63 27-67 2-51 — — 47-7 3-73 2410 2-17 34-73 27-76 2-30 — — 51-7 4-01 2890 1-87 34-75 27-81 2-32 — — 64-4 4-16 3370 — i-Si 34-74 27-83 — 2-38 — — 66-7 4-07 3850 1-19 4330 4330 095 34-73 27-85 1-50 ~ ^ 69-2 3-99 948 5 0 4-74 34-19 27-09 1-98 — 0-04 8-5 6-60 N70 V 1000-750 2007 10 4-76 34-19 27-09 1-98 — 0-04 8-5 — 750-500 20 4-77 34-19 27-09 1-90 — 0-04 8-3 6-63 500-250 30 4-78 34-19 2709 1-92 — 0-04 8-3 — 250-100 40 4-78 34-19 27-09 1-86 — 0-04 8-3 663 100-50 50 4-73 34-18 27-08 1-86 — 0-07 8-3 — 50-0 60 4-72 34-i8 27-08 1-86 — 0-07 8-4 663 N 50 V 100-0 — 2144 80 4-65 34-17 27-08 1-92 — o-o6 8-8 — N70B j I 15-0 oooS 0028 KT 100 4-63 34-17 27-08 1-86 — 0-06 8-9 6-69 N 100 B 15° 4-93 34-24 27-11 — 2-22 — o-oo 13-6 5-6i N70B 1 310-132 0008 0038 DGP 200 4-01 34-14 27-12 2-07 — 0-02 9-2 6-73 N 100 B 300 3-52 34-14 27-18 2-11 — o-oi 8-9 680 400 3-92 34-21 27-19 2-24 — o-oo 17-0 5-59 600 339 34-13 27-17 — 2-41 — — 28-0 4-80 800 339 34-41 27-40 2-66 — — — 4-15 1000 2-6o 34-49 27-53 2-78 — — 45-6 3-98 1490 2-39 34-66 2769 — 2-64 — — 56-1 3-84 1990 1987 2-07 34-75 27-79 2-51 — — 60-7 410 2480 1-76 34-75 27-82 2-51 — — 62-8 4-21 2970 1-39 34-75 27-84 2-40 — — 70-1 4-28 3470 I-I2 34-74 27-85 2-24 — — 75-9 4-13 3960 0-96 34-73 27-85 2-51 — — 79-2 4-08 4460 4460 0-87 34-72 27-85 1-35 — 79-2 404 949 7 0 3-41 3406 27-12 2-01 — 0-03 9-6 689 N70 V 1000-750 2010 10 3-32 34-06 27-13 2-OI — 003 9-6 — >. 750-500 20 333 34-06 27- 1 3 201 — 0-03 11-4 6-87 J) 500-250 30 • 3-33 34-o6 27-13 2-01 — 0-03 11-4 — .. 250-100 40 3-15 34-05 27-14 2-01 — ■ O-OI 13-3 6-91 .. 100-50 50 3-14 34-05 27-14 2-03 — 001 120 — ,, 50-0 60 309 34-05 27-14 2-03 — 0-01 IO-7 6-91 N50 V 100-0 — 2320 80 — 2-90 34-03 27-15 — 2-OI — 0-02 10-8 — N 70 B N 100 B 1 117-0 2334 2354 KT 100 2-77 34-01 27-14 2-22 — 001 10-9 6-95 150 2-73 34-01 27-14 2-OS — 001 II-8 691 N 70 B \ 320-120 2334 0004 DGP 200 2-72 34-OI 27-14 2-05 — 0-01 II-7 6-88 N 100 B 290 2-84 34-04 27-15 2-13 — 001 139 6-63 390 3-64 34-23 27-23 2-49 — 001 23-6 5-14 59° 2-94 34-34 27-39 2-51 — — 30-2 4-51 780 2-66 34-44 27-50 2-62 — — 40-8 4-05 980 2-48 34-52 27-57 2-74 — — 41-8 3-73 1470 1465 2-26 34-70 27-73 230 — — 47-3 367 1990 1-96 34-73 27-78 2-45 — — 56-2 4-01 2480 I -60 34-73 27-81 2-40 — — 57-0 4-30 2980 1-28 34-74 27-84 2-57 — — 58-9 4-30 3480 I -06 34-73 27-85 2-57 — — 64-2 4-16 3970 0-88 34-71 27-85 2-57 — — 67-8 4-29 4470 4467 0-87 34-71 27-85 2-34 70-5 4-07 121 16 950—955 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather 1.1 Air Temp. ° C. Drv bulb Wet bulb Remarks 950 S9°o5-3'S, 163° 46-5' W 1932 7 ix 2000 0000 4844* 961 61° 263' S, 160" 02-9' W 8 ix 3490" 952 62° 20-2'S, IS8°22-I'W 9 IX 0837 953 954 955 62° 19-5' S, 158° 19-6' W 62° i8-2'S, 158° i6-2'W 62° 17-2' S, 158° 132' W 9 IX 9 IX 9 IX 0952 IOS3 1205 NW NW NW NW NWxN J WSW wsw WSW WNW 15-22 19 19 16 13 NWxN WSW or or I002-6 9966 2-1 1-7 19 1-7 heavy W x N swell heavy NW swell osp 10030 -4-2 ■4-6 mod. conf. WNW swell osp osp 1008-5 10080 1007-4 1005-5 -9-2 ■8-4 -7-0 mod. NW X W swell -93 -8-5 -7-3 mod. WNW swell mod. WNW swell mod. NW X W swell 122 R.R.S. Discovery II 950—955 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IJIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS u Mg. — atom m.^ 1 TIME Station Age of moon (days) Depth metres) •Ss si Temp. s°/„ 01 pH 1 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks P Nitrate + Nitrite N, •Nitrite N. Si From To 950 8 O 0-74 33-92 27-22 2-40 — 0-22 13-3 7-38 N70 V 1000-750 2015 + 1 1 hours lO — o-6i 33-92 27-23 — 2-34 — 0-22 133 — >. 750-500 20 — 060 3392 27-23 — 2-40 — 0-22 14-5 7-37 ,. 500-250 3° — 0-58 33-92 27-23 — 2-38 — 0-22 15-2 — .> 250-100 40 — 0-57 3392 27-23 — 2-38 — 0-22 15-2 7-39 " 100-50 50 — 056 33-92 27-33 — 2-38 — 0-22 15-3 — .> 50-0 60 — 0-58 33-92 27-23 — 2-38 — 0-22 15-3 7-36 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2200 80 — o-6i 3392 27-23 — 2-36 — 0-22 15-3 — N 70 B ■ 102-0 2330 2350 KT 100 — 0-56 33-92 27-23 — 2-32 — 023 14-9 7-36 N 100 B 150 — 0-54 3392 27-23 — 2-28 — 0-23 13-8 7-36 N 70 B \ 300-130 2330 0000 DGP 200 — 0-54 33-92 27-23 — 2-38 — 0-I5 14-3 7-29 N 100 B 250 — 1-83 34-06 27-25 — 2-51 — o-oo 21-5 6-06 300 — 2-22 34-19 27-33 — 2-51 — o-oo 30-4 5-34 390 — 2-49 34-31 27-40 — 2-60 — 0-00 35-6 4-68 590 — 2-38 34-43 27-50 — 2-66 — — 44-2 4-01 790 — 2-35 34-57 27-62 — 2-68 — — 53-7 3-90 990 — 2-27 34-66 27-70 — 2-68 — — 56-3 3-89 1480 — 2-04 34-72 27-77 — 2-57 — — s6-3 4-06 1970 1971 1-70 34-73 27-80 — 2-49 — — 57-3 4-26 2490 -r- 1-34 34-73 27-83 — ■ 2-49 — — 65-9 4-33 2990 I 09 34-72 27-83 — 2-66 — — 72-8 4-37 3480 091 34-71 27-85 — 2-57 — — 74-3 4-20 3980 0-87 34-70 27-84 — 2-62 — — 77-6 4-06 4480 4478 0-88 34-70 27-84 — 2-34 — 77-6 4-00 951 8 0 — 1-64 33-78 27-21 — 2-49 — 0-29 23-5 7-52 N70 V 1000-780 2007 10 — 1-64 33-78 27-21 — 2-49 — 029 23-5 — )) 750-500 20 -1-63 33-78 27-21 — 2-43 — 029 23-5 7-53 " 500-250 30 -1-62 33-78 27-21 — 2-49 — 0-29 23-5 — .. 250-100 40 -1-62 33-78 27-21 — 2-49 — 0-29 23-5 7-52 )> 100-50 50 -i-6i 33-78 27-21 — 2-57 — 0-28 23-S — ,. 50-0 60 -i-6i 33-78 27-21 — 2-57 — 0-28 24-4 7-52 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2137 80 -i-6i 33-78 27-21 — 2-53 — 0-28 25-0 — N 70 B }■ I 17-0 2219 2239 KT 100 -1-50 33-8i 27-23 — 2-68 — 0-28 26-2 7-34 N 100 B ISO 0-I7 34-OI 27-32 — 2-74 — 0-04 26-9 6-33 N70 B I 340-130 2219 2249 DGP 200 1-92 34-26 27-41 — 2-97 — 0-00 40-0 4-84 N 100 B 290 202 34-42 27-52 — 3-06 — 000 46-3 4-25 390 2-24 34-49 27-56 — 3-27 — 0-00 52-7 3-95 59° 2-24 34-6o 27-65 — 3-23 — — 57-5 3-82 780 216 34-61 27-67 — 3-12 — — 59-3 4-02 980 2-07 34-68 27-73 — 2-97 — — 6l-2 3-93 1470 1-71 34-73 27-80 — 2-89 — — 71-6 4-i8 1950 1-30 34-72 27-82 — 2-97 — — 77-5 4-03 2440 I 00 34-70 27-83 — 2-97 — — 82-5 4-19 2930 2933 080 34-70 27-84 — 3 06 ~ 84-4 4-08 fKT. + 10 hours. • Nets closed just [ below surface 952 8 0 -1-66 34-10 27-46 — — — — — — N70B \ 146-0 0855 0915 N 100 B DGP. In fairly open N70B \ 340-110 085s 0925 \ patch among light, N 100 B [ loose pack-ice N 100 H 0-2 0857 0927 953 9 0 — -1-68 34-08 27-45 — — — — — — N70H NiooH 5-10 0-5 |o957 |iii5 1037 j In light loose pack- ( ice j" In light loose pack- - ice dotted with [ heavy floes 954 9 0 — I -60 34-06 27-43 — — — — — — N70H 0-7 1 145 N 100 H 0-2 { In light loose pack- ice dotted with 955 9 0 -1-50 33-98 27-37 — — — — — — N70H 0-7 \ 1210 1240 heavy floes. Tem- N 100 H 0-2 perature from \ thermograph 123 956—960 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 956 957 958 959 Position 62° 12-8' S, 158" II' W 61° 56-3' S, 155° 49-6' W 61° 53-9' S, 155° 42-4' W 6i°07'S, i53°57-2'W 960 Date 1932 9 ix 58° 31-4' S, iso°02-9"W 11-12 ix Hour 1340 104s "45 2010 0000 Sounding (metres) 2974' 2968* Direction w WNW SW SSE Force (knots) 24 25 28 2939 SWxW SEA Direction w WNW SW SSE SWxW oq osq bcs OS 5-6 10036 965-2 964-8 968-4 971-9 Air Temp. ° C Dry bulb -3-9 -5-2 ■3-3 ■90 Wet bulb -4-7 -4-1 ■5-5 -4-6 -93 csp 9873 -II-5 Remarks heavy NW x W swell heavy WNW swell heavy WNW swell heavy WNW swell heavy W swell -11-9 heavy conf. SW swell 124 R.R.S. Discovery II 956—960 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS — ^ Mg. — atom m-^ TIME Age of moon (davs) (r Depth netres) 0.!= Temp. = C. s°;.o at 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks Station pH P Sitrate + Nitrite Vitrite No N. Si From To 956 g O -1-76 33-97 27-37 2-41 0-26 33-4 7-17 N70B 97-0 1351 I4IX KT. Near edge of lO -1-76 33-98 27-38 — 2-38 — 0-26 33-4 N 100 B J i light pack-ice 20 — -1-77 33-99 27-39 — 2-30 — 0-26 33-4 7-14 N 70B N 100 B J 280-100 1351 I42I DGP 3° — -1-79 34-00 27-39 — 2-30 — 0-26 33-4 40 — -1-79 34-00 27-39 — 2-38 — 0-26 33-4 7-03 N70 V 1000-760 1440 50 — -1-79 34-00 27-39 — 2-45 — 0-26 33-4 750-480 Stray on wire 60 — -1-79 34-00 27-39 — 2-30 — 0-26 33-4 7-03 500-238 80 — -1-79 34-00 27-39 — 2-38 — 0-26 33-4 250-96 100 — -1-73 34-01 27-39 — 2-45 — 026 33-7 7-03 250-100 150 — o-i I 34-25 27-51 — 2-64 — o-i I 36-7 5-53 100-50 200 — 1-52 34-49 27-62 — 2-66 — 0-00 47-7 4-14 50-0 290 — 1-94 34-61 2769 — 2-66 — 0-00 52-4 3-85 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 1725 390 — 2-02 34-63 27-70 — 2-60 — 0-00 52-4 3-86 59° — 1-99 34-70 27-76 — 2-55 — — 54-0 3-89 780 — 1-88 34-71 27-78 — 2-43 — — 55-6 4-00 980 — 1-75 34-72 27-79 — 2-34 — — 57-3 4-16 1470 — 1-34 34-72 27-82 — 2-45 — — 60-2 4-15 i960 — 0-99 34-71 27-84 — 2-59 — — 65-5 4-17 245° 2451 0-74 34-70 27-85 — 2-66 ~ 76-5 4-23 957 10 0 — — I -60 34-05 27-42 — " N70H N 100 H N 100 H 0-7 0-2 °-5 ■ 1046 1046 II16 I 116 In loose pack-ice 958 lO 0 — 1-64 34-11 27-47 N70H N 100 H N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N 100 H 0-7 0-2 • I 00-0 ■ 260-114 0-5 J I 145 I241 124I 1250 1215 1301 1315 1325 j" Among scattered i floes KT DGP 959 lO 0 10 — -1-76 -1-75 34-11 34-11 27-48 27-48 — 2-68 2-74 — 0-26 0-26 41-7 41-2 7-07 N70 V 1000-770 250-100 2017 Remainder of ver- tical hauls aban- 20 — -I-7I 34-10 27-46 — 2-68 — 0-26 40-3 7-07 ,, 250-0 doned 3° — -1-71 34-10 27-46 — 2-68 — 0-27 39-5 — .. 100-50 40 — -1-71 34-10 27-46 — 2-72 — 0-26 41-7 7-°5 ,, 50-0 50 -171 34-10 27-46 — 2-72 — 0-26 41-7 — N50 V 1 00-0 — 2350 60 — -1-71 34-10 27-46 — 2-72 — 0-26 41-7 7-09 N70B 1 91-0 0012 0032 KT 80 — — I 69 34-10 27-46 — 2-74 — 0-25 41-7 — N 100 B 100 — -1-59 34-12 27-48 — 2-74 — 0-24 42-7 6-91 N70B • 240-110 0012 0042 DGP 150 — o-is 34-38 27-62 — 2-8i — O-I I 47-7 5-30 N 100 B 200 — I 80 34-57 27-66 — 2-8s — 0-00 60-2 3-96 290 — 1-94 34-68 27-74 — 2-95 — 0-00 61-2 3-91 390 — 204 34-7° 27-76 — 2-72 — 0-00 64-4 3-98 59° — 1-84 34-70 27-77 — 2-79 — — 72-0 4-03 780 — 1-75 34-72 27-79 — 2-72 — — 72-0 4-10 980 — I-5S 34-72 27-80 — 2-78 — — 74-9 4-21 1460 — I-I4 34-72 27-83 — 2-81 — — 83-4 4-23 195° — 0-77 34-71 27-85 — 2-79 — — 91-7 4-24 2440 2438 0-63 34-7° 27-85 — 2-59 ~ 91-7 4-03 960 II 0 10 — -1-44 - 1-42 34-09 34-09 27-45 27-45 — 2-83 2-89 — 0-25 0-2S 36-7 36-3 7-36 N70 V 1000-750 750-500 2020 Depth of 10m. bottle estimated Depth estimated, gear frozen 20 30 — -1-42 - 1-42 34-°9 34-09 27-45 27-45 — 2-89 2-89 — 0-26 026 36-7 36-7 7-38 500-250 350-180 40 -1-42 3409 27-45 — 2-85 — 0-26 36-7 7-38 250-100 5° — -1-42 34-09 27-45 — 2-89 — 0-26 36-7 — 200-0 60 — -1-41 34-09 27-45 — 2-85 — 0-26 36-7 7-39 100-50 80 100 150 = -1-41 -1-39 051 34°9 34-°9 34-34 27-45 27-45 27-57 — 2-83 2-81 2-97 — 0-26 0-25 o-o6 37-4 38-6 48-9 7-35 5-22 N 50 V 50-0 1 00-0 — 0015 Depth estimated, gear frozen 200 132 34-42 27-57 — 2-97 — 0-00 51-7 4-42 N 70 B N 100 B 1 137-0 0037 0057 KT 300 192 34-59 27-68 2-97 — 0-00 54-0 3-86 1 ■" 390 2-02 34-64 27-71 — 2-97 — 0-00 55-6 3-89 N 100 H 0-2 0035 0105 59c 79c = 2-00 1-88 34-70 34-73 27-75 27-79 — 2-68 2-68 — = 58-2 6o-2 3-84 4-08 N70 B N 100 B \ 290-134 0037 0107 DGP 125 960—963 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 960 cont. 961 Position s8°3i-4' S, i5o°02-9'W 56° 16-4' S, 146° 22-3' W 962 Date 1932 I I-I2 ix Hour 54° 02-8' S, 142° 25-4' W 963 13 IX Sounding (metres) 2968* 2000 0000 52''oi-i'S, 139° 13-2' W 14 IX 3655* 4341' WSW SWxW ssw SWxS Force (knots) 15-17 w 19 18 18 Direction WSW SWxW Force SSW SWxS W 126 4 conf, 5 osp 0= 9994 9857 Air Temp. " L' Dry bulb -6-6 -9-4 Wet bulb be c IOOI-8 ioo6-8 2-8 i-o be 1019-4 -7-3 -97 Remarks heavy conf. WSW swell heavy conf. SW swell 14 -0-8 5-6 heavy conf. SW swell heavy conf. SW x S swell 4-1 mod. conf. WSW swell R.R.S. Discovery II 960—963 HYDROLOGICAL OBSER-VATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ^ Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station Age of moon (days) Depth metres) Temp. ' C. S °,„„ at pH 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks P Xitrate + Nitrite Nitrite Nj N, Si From To 960 11 980 1-73 34-74 27-81 2-70 — — 62-2 4-IS ' corit. 1480 — 1-27 34-73 27-83 — 2-68 — — 72-0 4-09 1970 — 086 34-71 27-85 — 2-68 — — 83-4 3-92 2460 2463 0-72 34-70 27-85 — 2-OI " ~ 87-4 3-92 961 12 0 _ 0-42 33-99 27-30 — 2-72 — 0-19 23-5 7-03 N70 V 1000-750 2015 10 — 0-48 33-99 27-29 — 2-81 — 0-19 23-5 750-500 20 — 0-48 33-99 27-29 — 2-79 — 0-19 23-3 7-02 500-250 30 — 0-48 33-99 27-29 — 2-79 — 0-19 23-4 — 250-100 40 — 0-48 33-99 27-29 — 2-79 — 0-19 23-4 7-03 100-50 5° 0-48 3399 27-29 — 2-72 — 0-19 23-3 — 50-0 60 — 0-50 33-99 27-29 — 2-91 — 0-19 23-4 7-00 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2146 80 — 0-47 33-99 27-30 — 2-72 — 0-20 23-3 — N 70 B ■ 109-0 2216 2236 KT 100 — 1-33 34-12 27-34 — 2-85 — 0-03 28-6 5-84 N 100 B 150 — -035 34-07 27-40 — 2-81 — 0-27 3I-I 6-96 N 70 B j 290-0 2216 2246 DGP 200 — -0-35 34-09 27-41 — 2-74 — 0-23 33-1 6-82 N 100 B 300 — 223 34-43 27-52 — 3-00 — 0-00 38-1 4-II N 70 B N 100 B / 325-144 2307 2337 DGP 390 — 2-30 34-50 27-57 — 3-08 — 0-00 49-2 3-91 590 — 2-25 34-61 27-66 — 3-04 — — 52-9 3-74 790 — 2-l6 34-70 27-74 — 2-79 — — 55-4 391 980 — 2-07 34-71 27-76 — 2-81 — — 55-4 3-93 1480 — 1-68 34-74 27-81 — 2-79 — — 62-2 4-07 1970 — 1-23 2460 2455 098 34-71 27-84 — 2-79 ^ 72-3 4-03 962 13 0 _ 5-03 34-18 27-05 — 2-17 — o-ii 7-5 6-50 N70 V 1000-765 2015 10 — 5-03 34-18 27-05 — 2-34 — 0-13 6-5 — 750-500 20 — 5-03 34-18 27-05 — 2-13 — 0-14 6-2 6-49 500-250 30 — 5-03 34-i8 27-05 — 2-13 — 0-14 8-3 — 250-100 40 — 5-03 34-18 27-05 — 2-II — 0-14 7-4 6-49 100-50 5° — 5-03 34-i8 27-05 — 2-13 — 0-13 7-2 50-5 60 — 5-03 34-18 27-05 — 2-13 — 0-14 7-2 6-49 N 50 V 100-0 2224 80 — 5-03 34-i8 27-05 — 2-00 — 0-14 7-4 — N 70 B N 100 B • 124-0 0027 0047 KT. N 70 B split 100 — 5-02 34- 1 8 27-05 — 2-00 — 0-12 7-5 6-49 1 150 — 5-02 34- 18 27-05 — 1-98 — 0-I2 7-4 6-50 N 70 B N 100 B N70B ■ 320-100 0027 0057 DGP 200 300 — 5-02 4-99 34-18 34-18 27-05 27-05 — 1-92 1-94 — 0-12 o-i6 7-4 7-6 6-50 6-46 1 1 00-0 OIII OI3I Depth estimated 400 — 3-87 34-05 27-07 — 2-17 — 0-19 8-0 6-55 500 — 3-71 34-27 27-26 — 2-41 — 17-4 4-68 590 — 4-13 34-27 27-22 — 2-66 — 19-8 4-79 790 788 3-36 34-36 27-36 — 2-91 — 30-2 4-29 980 — 2-8l 1470 1458 2-38 34-62 27-67 — 2-97 — 41-2 3-39 1980 2-14 34-71 27-76 — 2-74 — 52-8 4-01 2480 — I -75 34-73 27-80 — 2-72 — 60-4 4-07 2970 — 1-36 34-72 27-82 — 2-74 — 70-7 4-24 3470 3470 i-i8 34-71 27-83 — 2-74 — 70-7 4-24 963 14 0 _ 6-48 34-37 27-02 ,; ■ 1-81 — 0-07 6-5 6-24 N70 V 1000-770 2010 4-9 hours 10 — 6-48 34-37 27-02 I -90 — 0-09 6-5 — »» 750-500 20 — 6-48 34-37 27-02 1-96 — 0-18 6-6 6-25 »> 500-250 30 — 648 34-37 27-02 2-03 — 0-09 6-6 ») 250-100 40 — 6-48 34"37 27-02 2-03 — 0-09 6-7 6-25 " 100-50 50 6-48 34-37 27-02 2-00 — 0-09 6-7 — >> 50—0 60 — 6-48 34-37 27-02 2-03 — 0-09 6-6 6-24 N 50 V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 1 117-0 2145 80 — 6-47 34-37 27-02 2-05 — 0-09 6-4 — 2242 2302 KT 100 — 6-46 34-37 27-02 2-03 — 0-09 6-4 6-25 15° — 646 34-37 27-02 2-00 — 0-09 6-4 6-24 N 70 B \ 320-128 2242 2312 DGP 200 — 6-47 34-37 27-02 — 1-84 — 0-09 6-4 6-26 6-15 N 100 B 300 — 6-43 34-37 27-02 1-92 — 0-06 6-5 400 — 6-34 34-36 27-02 " 2-00 — o-oi 6-9 5-92 600 — 6-03 34-34 27-05 2-09 — — 11-2 5-37 800 — 5-21 34-33 27-13 2-36 — — 16-9 4-94 1000 — 4-26 34-34 27-26 2-51 — — 246 4-49 1500 1501 2-8l 34-46 27-49 2-95 — — 42-7 3-93 1970 2-41 34-62 27-67 2-64 — — 50-6 3-67 2460 — 2- 1 I 34-72 27-76 — 2-6o " 62-2 3-76 L -' 127 963—966 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 963 cont. 964 965 966 Position 52°oi-i' S, 139' 13-2'W 49° 42-1' S, 135° 33-2' W 47° 16-9' S, i32°25-i'W 44° 40-3' S, I29°27-9'W Date 1932 14 ix 15 IX 16 ix 17-if ix Hour 2000 0000 Sounding (metres) 4734" 4678* 5015' WIND Direction WNW WNW SW WxS Force (knots) 27 28 25-30 SEA Direction WNW WNW SW WSW Force 128 Weather 5.E bcp opd be bcp 1017-1 1014-3 101S-3 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 6-6 6-8 6-7 7-2 Wet bulb Remarks 5-7 59 6-4 5-7 mod. conf. W swell heavy conf. W swell heavy conf. WSW swell heavy WSW swell R.R.S. Discovery II 963—966 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIOiNS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS i-> Mg. — atom m.^ 1 TIME Station Age of moon (days) Depth metres) ■si as Temp. C. s°/„„ at pH 1 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks p Nitrate + Nitrite N. Nitrite Si From To 963 14 295° i-8s 34-72 27-78 _ 2-64 — 66-6 3-88 cont. 34SO — 1-38 34-71 27-82 — 2-66 — — 73-0 3-87 3940 3942 1-32 34-71 27-82 — 2-66 — — 71-6 3-51 964 IS 0 6-86 34-42 26-99 , — 1-52 — 0-21 7-3 6-29 N70 V 1000-750 2015 10 — 6-8s 34-42 26-99 — 1-52 — 0-19 7-3 — ») 750-500 20 — 6-83 34-42 27-00 — 1-39 — 0-19 7-5 6-32 ») 500-250 30 — 6-83 34-42 27-00 — 1-41 — 0-19 7-4 — ») 250-100 40 — 6-83 34-42 27-00 — 1-41 — 0-20 7-4 6-30 .. 100-50 SO — 6-83 34-42 27-00 — 1-43 — o-ig 7-0 — .. 50-0 60 — 6-83 34-42 27-00 — I-S8 — 0-19 6-9 6-29 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2205 80 — 6-82 34-42 27-00 — 1-41 — 0-19 7-0 — N 70 B \ I 1 0-0 2326 2346 KT 100 6-82 34-42 27-00 — 1-46 — 019 7-0 6-29 N 100 B ISO 200 — 6-8i 6-8i 34-42 34-42 27-00 27-00 z 1-43 1-44 — 0-18 0-09 6-9 6-9 6-29 6-19 N70B N 100 B \ 250-100 2326 2356 /DGP. Depth esti- (^ mated 300 — 683 34-43 27-01 - — 1-52 — 0-03 7-0 6-06 400 — 6-83 34-43 27-01 — 1-73 — 0-00 7-1 5-79 600 — 6-36 34-36 27-02 — 1-84 — — 9-0 5-67 800 — 5-50 34-33 27-10 — 2-20 — — 13-2 5-11 1000 — 4-64 34-33 27-20 — 2-41 — — 21-1 4-59 isoo — 2-93 34-45 27-47 — 2-70 — — 40-8 3-93 2000 2003 2-43 34-61 27-6S — 2-79 — — 48-9 3-67 2460 — 2-21 34-66 27-70 — 2-78 — — 52-4 3-78 29SO — 1-86 34-70 27-77 — 2-72 — — 58-2 3-95 3440 — 1-52 34-71 27-81 — 2-74 — — 64-4 3-82 3930 — 1-34 34-70 27-81 — 2-72 — — 66-7 3-90 4420 4414 1-33 34-70 27-81 — 2-72 — 62-2 3-74 965 l6 o" _ 7-10 34-38 26-94 — 1-35 — 0-27 3-4 6-36 N70V 1000-780 2008 10 — 7-IO 34-38 26-94 — i-6g — 0-31 3-4 — >> 750-500 20 — 7-IO 34-38 26-94 — 1-31 — 0-31 3-5 6-37 >» 500-250 30 — 7-IO 34-38 26-94 — 1-46 — 0-28 3-9 — n 250-100 40 — 7-IO 34-38 26-94 — 1-50 — 0-27 4-1 6-39 .. 100-50 50 — 7-IO 34-38 26-94 — 1-46 — 0-26 4-1 — ., 50-0 60 — 7-IO 34-38 26-94 — 1-41 — 0-26 4-2 6-37 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2136 80 — 7-IO 34-38 26-94 — 1-35 — 0-29 4-3 — N70 B \ I2I-0 2242 2302 KT 100 — 6-94 34-39 26-97 ■ — 1-50 — 0-31 4-3 6-36 N 100 B ISO — 6go 34-40 26-98 — 1-67 — 0-32 5-0 6-32 N70B 1 310-132 2242 2312 DGP 200 — 6-83 34-41 27-00 — 1-44 — 0-36 5-1 6-30 N 100 B ' 300 — 6-73 34-42 27-01 — 1-62 — 0-00 5-7 S-90 400 — 6-s8 34-41 27-03 — 1-67 0-00 6-9 5-94 600 — 618 34-3S 27-OS — 1-67 — o-io 8-4 5-82 800 — 5-41 34-31 27-10 — 1-86 — — 10-4 5-44 1000 — 4-53 34-33 27-21 — 2-24 — — 21-6 4-62 1500 — 2-84 34-49 27-51 — 2-76 — — 43-5 4-00 1990 1992 2-35 34-61 27-66 — 2-76 — — 58-7 3-55 24s 0 — 2-OS 34-67 27-72 — 2-72 — — 66-0 3-35 2930 — 1-79 34-68 27-75 — 2-72 — — 72-4 3-44 3420 — 1-64 34-70 27-79 — 2-72 — — 73-9 3-46 3910 — 1-43 34-71 27-81 — 2-72 — — 73-9 3-67 4400 4395 1-32 34-71 27-82 — 2-72 — 72-4 3-74 966 I? 0 _ 8-50 34-24 26-63 — 1-14 — 0-27 4-8 6-22 N 70 V 1000-790 2010 10 — 8-51 34-24 26-63 — 1-12 — 0-27 s-i — 750-520 20 — 8-Si 34-24 26-63 — 1-16 — 0-26 5-2 6-24 500-250 30 — 8-Si 34-24 26-63 — I-IO — 0-23 5-3 — 250-100 40 — 8-Si 34-24 26-63 — 1-03 — 0-26 s-i 6-25 100-50 SO 8-SI 34-24 26-63 — 1-06 — 0-26 5-2 — 50-0 60 8-51 34-24 2663 — I -03 — 0-24 5-1 6-23 N50 V 1 00-0 2255 80 — . 8-31 34-26 26-67 — I -06 — 0-29 5-3 — N 70B \ 1 02-0 2332 2352 KT 100 — 8ig 34-28 26-70 — I-IO — 0-34 5-3 6-18 N 100 B 150 — 7-89 34-31 26-77 — I-I6 — 0-34 5-3 6-12 N 70B N 100 B \ 250-100 2332 0002 Depth estimated 200 — 7-52 34-31 2682 — 1-24 — 0-34 5-4 6-22 300 — 6-92 34-39 26-97 — 1-56 — 0-00 6-6 5-78 390 — 6-70 34-39 27-00 — 1-67 — 0-02 8-4 5-68 5-68 590 — 6-45 34-37 27-02 — 1-79 — — 8-6 790 — 5-69 34-31 27-07 1-96 9-2 5 -44 129 17 966—970 R.R.S, Discovery II Station 966 cnnt. 967 968 969 970 Position 44°4o-3'S, 129° 27-9' W 41° o3-i'S, i26°03-9' W 42°3o'S, i24°5i-7'W 45° 36-1' S, 122° 09-5' W SS" 267' S, ii5°oo-8'W Date 1932 17-18 ix 19 IX 19 IX 25 IX Hour 0503 09IS Sounding (metres) 4568* 3940" 3543" WIND Direction WNW W W Lt airs Force (knots) 23 22-40 SEA Direction WNW W W Force 6 conf. Weather bcpq 1017-3 1016-9 1004-3 1004-1 Air Temp. * C. Dry bulb 8-6 0-6 Wet bulb Remarks 5-3 6-1 6-3 0-5 heavy conf. W x N swell heavy conf. W swell heavy conf. WSW swell mod. SW X W swell 130 R.R.S. Discovery II 966—970 Station Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth metres) Temp. °C. s 7.0 at pH Mg. — atom m.^ 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite Nj Si From To 966 17 99° 4-86 34-30 27-16 2-28 — — 18-9 4-76 cont. 1480 — 2-87 34-48 27-51 — 2-57 — — 43-9 3-87 1970 1972 236 34-61 2766 — 2-74 — — 3-46 2460 I -95 34-68 27-74 — 2-83 — — 67-5 3-31 2950 — 1-78 34-68 27-76 — 2-79 — — 71-5 3-43 3450 — 1-63 34-68 27-77 — 2-78 — — 68-8 3-33 3940 — I -45 34-69 27-78 — 2-78 — — 70-1 3-77 4430 — 1-30 34-71 27-82 — 2-47 ^ ~ 71-5 3-68 967 19 0 9-70 34-14 2636 — 0-72 — 0-31 3-4 6-13 N70 V 1000-750 0510 + 8 hours 10 — 9-70 34-14 2636 — 0-72 — 0-31 3-4 .. 750-500 20 — 970 34-14 26-36 — 0-74 — 0-32 3-4 6-14 .. 500-250 30 — 970 34-14 2636 — 0-68 — 0-32 3-4 .. 250-100 40 — 9-70 34-14 26-36 — 0-80 — 0-31 3-4 6-14 >» 100-50 50 — 9-70 34-14 26-36 — 0-80 — 0-31 3-4 i» 50-0 60 — 969 34-14 26-36 — 0-84 — 0-32 3-4 6-II N 50 V 1 00-0 0642 80 — 9-62 34-14 26-37 — 0-86 — 0-33 3-4 — N 70B / I 1 0-0 0743 0803 KT 100 — 950 34-14 2639 — 0-86 — 0-33 3-4 6-07 N 100 B 150 — 8-58 34-25 26-62 — 1-20 — 0-16 3-4 5-58 N70B 1 306-145 0743 0813 DGP 190 — 7-72 34-34 26-82 — 1-48 — 0-02 3-4 5-36 N 100 B 290 — 6'9o 34-39 2698 — 1-65 — 0-00 8-2 5-42 390 — 660 34-41 27-03 — 1-58 — 0-00 8-3 5-57 580 — 617 34-34 27-03 — 1-84 — 0-00 8-8 5 -43 770 — 5-32 34-32 27-12 — 2-OI — 0-00 13-5 5-15 970 — 4-38 34-31 27-22 — 2-36 — 0-00 20-I 4-60 1450 1446 2-8o 34-45 27-48 — 2-64 — — 45-6 3-84 1950 2-20 34-65 27-69 — 2-72 — — 60-7 3-50 2440 — 1-86 34-68 27-75 — 2-72 — — 65-1 3-40 2940 — 1-71 34-68 27-76 — 2-8i — — 66-3 3-32 3430 — 1-53 34-68 27-77 — 2-68 — — 70-1 3-56 3930 3930 1-42 34-69 27-78 — 2-47 ~ " 71-5 3-64 968 19 0 9-30 34-21 26-47 N70B N 100 B N70 B N 100 B }■ 86-0 ■ 250-106 2016 2016 2036 2046 KT DGP 969 20 0 7-8i 34-23 26-72 _ 1-24 0-31 5-4 6-28 N 100 B 89-0 2247 2307 KT 10 — 7-8s 34-23 26-72 — 1-29 — 0-30 5-5 — N 100 B 250-100 2247 2317 Depth estimated 20 — 7-85 34-23 26-72 — 1-29 — 0-29 5-5 6-30 30 — 7-84 34-23 2672 — i-i8 — 0-29 5-4 40 — 7-84 3423 26-72 — 1-20 — 0-29 5-2 629 50 — 7-83 34-23 26-72 — I-18 — 0-29 5-2 60 — 783 3424 26-73 — 1-20 — 029 5-2 6-30 80 — 7-80 34-26 27-74 — 1-20 — 0-29 5-2 100 — 7-58 34-28 27-79 — I-3I — 0-32 5-2 6-17 150 — 7-32 34-30 27-84 — 1-35 — 0-26 5-3 6-07 200 — 7-00 34-33 27-91 — 1-56 — 0-22 5-6 6-05 290 — 671 34-40 27-00 — I -6s — 0-33 7-4 5-72 390 — 658 34-40 27-02 — 1-63 — 0-00 7-5 5-76 590 — 613 3434 27-04 — 1-88 — 0-00 8-5 5-70 780 — 5-36 34-30 27-10 — 2-17 — 000 15-4 5-07 980 — 4-43 34-31 27-21 — 2-38 — 0-02 23-1 4-57 1470 — 2-84 34-46 27-49 — 2-91 — 0-00 47-3 3-86 1950 — 229 34-61 2766 — 2-89 — 0-00 64-2 3-60 2440 — 1-90 3463 27-71 — 2-95 — 78-1 3-37 2930 — 1-69 34-66 27-74 — 2-95 — 87-7 3-37 3420 34>9 1-57 34-67 27-76 — 2-95 — 92-1 3-29 970 2S 0 3-70 34-06 27-09 — 1-75 — 0-20 7-7 6-79 N70 V 1000-750 1000 + 7 hours 10 — 3-71 34-06 27-09 — 1-82 — 0-20 7-8 — .. 750-500 20 — . 371 34-06 27-09 — 1-75 — 0-19 8-0 6-81 )> 500-250 30 — 3-71 34-06 27-09 — 1-77 — 0-19 8-0 — )» 250-100 40 — 3-71 34-06 27-09 — 1-75 — 0-19 7-9 6-81 ■ > 100-50 5° — 3-70 34-06 27-09 — 1-79 — 0-19 7-9 — .. 50-0 60 — 3-70 34-06 27-09 — 1-82 — 0-19 7-9 6-79 N 50 V 1 00-0 1 140 80 — 3-70 34-06 27-09 — 1-77 — 0-20 8-0 — N 70 B }• I41-O I2IO 1230 KT 100 — 3-70 3406 27-09 — 1-79 — 0-20 8-0 6-80 N 100 B 131 970—974 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Sounding (metres) Direction Force (knots) Direction Force Weather p= Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 970 cotit. 55° 267' S, ii5°oo-8'W 1932 25 ix 971 972 56° 22-9' S, 1 13° 58-5' W 59° 21-8' S, I09°S9-5'W 25 IX 26 ix 5349* SE W 15-18 Conf. W csp 1000-4 994-8 0-6 0-4 -OS mod. conf. SW swell mod. SW swell 973 974 61° 47-8' S, 105° 37-1' W 63°57'S, 101° 16' W 27 IX 28 ix 1400 5126* WxS WNW 15 23-24 WxS WNW 1000-4 993-2 0-6 0-5 mod. WSW swell mod. conf. W swell 132 R.R.S. Discovery 11 970—974 HVDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS u Mg. — atom m.^ 1 TIME Station Age of moon (days) ( Depth -netres) i TemD. °C. S °!,o at pH c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks P Vitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N2 N, Si From To 970 25 150 3-70 34-06 27-09 1-82 — 0-20 8-1 6-78 N70B -?8o-i 10 I2IO 1240 DGP cont. 190 — 3-70 34-06 27-09 — 1-96 — 0-20 8-2 6-79 N 100 B J - 1 290 — 3-47 34-13 27-16 — 2-09 — 0-00 14-1 6-03 390 — 3-28 34-15 27-21 — 2-22 — 0-00 18-5 5-55 580 — 3-13 34-32 27-35 — 2-47 — 0-00 26-6 4-68 770 — 2-57 34-38 27-45 — 2-62 — 0-00 39-2 4-41 970 — 2-53 34-49 27-54 — 2-62 — o-oo 44-6 4-07 1450 — 2-27 34-65 27-69 — 2-62 — o-oo 53-3 3-85 1930 — I 99 34-73 27-78 — 2-45 — 0-00 67-3 3-88 2420 — 1-59 34-73 27-81 — 2-47 — — 67-3 400 2900 2900 136 34-73 27-83 — 2-55 ~ 67-3 3-92 971 25 0 " 461 34-23 27-13 N70B N 100 B N70B NiooB 1 II7-O \ 340-120 2018 2018 2038 2048 KT DGP 972 26 0 i-6i 34-03 27-25 2-26 — 0-09 14-1 7-06 N70V 1000-750 2005 10 i-6i 34-03 27-25 — 2-26 — o-o8 14-1 — „ 750-500 20 i-6i 34-03 27-25 — 2-26 — 0-08 14-0 7-07 ,< 500-250 30 — i-6i 34-03 27-25 — 2-26 — 0-07 13-9 — .. 250-100 40 — r6i 34-03 27-25 — 2-26 — 0-08 14-0 7-05 " 100-50 50 i-6i 34-03 27-25 — 2-32 — 0-07 13-9 " 50-0 60 i-6i 34-03 27-25 — 2-24 — 0-07 14-0 7-06 N 50 V ■H.T D 1 00-0 2143 80 — i-6i 34-03 27-25 — 2-07 — 0-07 140 N 70 B !- 128-0 2308 2328 KT 100 150 200 — I -60 1-59 1-59 34-03 34-03 34-03 27-25 27-25 27-25 — 2-11 2-07 2-07 — 0-07 0-07 0-06 13-9 13-9 13-9 7-07 7-07 7-06 N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 • 300-128 2308 2338 /DGP. Lower l^ estimated depth 290 — 1-98 34-11 27-28 — 2-34 — 0-00 20-1 6-24 390 — 2-49 34-24 27-35 — 2-62 — 0-00 20-6 S-I2 590 — 2-29 34-30 27-41 — 2-64 — o-oo 37-7 4-48 780 — 2-22 34-50 27-57 — 2-78 — o-oo 44-0 4-04 970 — 2-20 34-59 27-65 — 2-85 — o-oo 52-8_ 3-92 1460 — 2-13 34-70 27-75 — 2-64 — 0-00 59-6 4-15 1950 — 1-69 34-72 27-79 — 2-62 — 0-00 62-6 4-12 2440 — 1-34 34-73 27-83 — 2-62 — — 67-2 4-30 2940 — I-IO 34-73 27-84 — 2-55 — — 80-3 4-16 3430 — 0-79 34-72 27-85 — 2-60 — — 80-3 4-45 3930 — 0-57 34-70 27-86 — 2-62 — — 82-1 4-16 4420 _ 0-42 34-70 27-87 — 2-64 — — 84-0 4-21 4920 4921 0-38 34-70 27-87 — 2-64 — 84-0 4-21 973 27 0 " 1-59 34-05 27-26 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 ■ 270-120 2016 2016 2036 2046 KT DGP 974 28 0 -0-88 33-89 27-27 2-24 — 0-34 16-6 7-54 N70 V 1000-800 1406 10 -0-88 33-89 27-27 — 2-24 — 0-34 13-2 — 750-510 20 -0-89 33-89 27-27 — 2-24 — 0-34 16-5 7-58 500-250 30 — -0-89 33-89 27-27 — 2-19 — 0-34 16-6 — 250-100 40 — -089 33-89 27-27 — 2-20 — 0-34 16-5 7-56 100-50 50 -0-89 33-89 27-27 — 2-15 — 0-34 i6-6 50—0 60 -0-89 33-89 27-27 — 2-17 — 0-34 16-S 7-53 N 50 V 1 00-0 1550 80 -0-89 33-89 27-27 — 2-24 — 0-34 16-6 — N 70 B 1 115-0 1717 1737 KT 100 -0-89 33-89 27-27 — 2-22 — 0-34 16-6 7-56 N 100 B N70B 150 — -0-89 33-89 27-27 — 2-20 — 0-34 16-5 7-53 1 314-114 1717 1745 DGP 200 0-50 34-07 27-35 — 2-40 — o-oo 27-8 6-52 N 100 B 300 — 1-54 34-26 27-44 — 2-60 — o-oo 38-2 5-04 N 100 H 0-2 1729 1749 400 — 1-86 34-42 27-53 — 2-72 — 0-00 45-3 4-41 590 — 206 34-55 27-63 — 2-74 — — 51-0 3-95 790 — 2-12 34-60 27-66 — 2-72 — — 54-8 3-80 990 — 2-07 34-66 27-71 — 2-68 — — 56-5 3-98 4-i8 1480 — I -80 34-73 27-79 — 2-49 — — 76-5 1980 — 1-41 34-73 27-82 — 2-55 — — 76-5 4-25 2470 2467 I-I2 34-71 27-83 — 2-55 — — 76-5 4-36 2960 — 0-92 34-71 27-85 2-57 76-5 4-30 133 974—977 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 974 cont. 975 Position Date 63° 57' S, 101° 16' W 61° 29-9' S, 94° 067' W 976 977 1932 28 ix 29 IX Sounding (metres) 59° 22' S, 89° 03-9' W 57° i8-2' S, 84° 29-5' W 30 IX 5064* 2000 521 i' WIND Direction Force (knots) WxS WNW SEA Direction Force WxS 20-24 4802 WNW WNW 16 WNW Weather 1008-9 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks -0-9 ioiS-3 heavy WxS swell 0-6 heavy WxS swell 1015-5 4-4 2-9 mod. WNW swell 134 R.R.S* Discovery II 974—977 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Age of 4J Mg. — atom m.^ | 1 TIME Station moon ^■s - 1 O- Remarks (days) ( Depth metres) Temp. S °/.o at pH p Nitrate + Nitrite N, Vitrite N, Si c.c. litre Gear Deptli (metres) From To 974 28 345° 0-64 34-70 27-85 — 2-47 — — 79-8 4-51 cont. 395° — 0-44 34-70 27-86 — 2-57 — — 79-8 4-35 4440 — 0-38 34-69 27-85 — 2-57 — — 81-5 4-29 4930 4927 0-31 34-69 27-85 — 2-59 — — 81-5 4-28 975 29 0 _ 0-43 33-98 2729 — 2-07 — 0-14 16-6 7-27 N70 V 1000-750 2008 Closing depth esti- 10 — 041 33-98 27-29 — 2-28 — 0-14 16-S — >> 750-515 mated. + 6 hours 20 — 0-41 33-98 27-29 — 2- II — 0-14 16-5 7-25 >t 500-250 3° — 0-41 33-98 27-29 — 2-20 — 0-14 16-5 — >> 250-100 40 — 0-41 33-98 27-29 — 2-20 — 0-13 i6-6 7-25 ,, 100-50 5° — 0-41 33-98 27-29 — 2-20 — 0-14 16-5 — ,, 50-0 60 — 0-41 33-98 27-29 — 2-15 — 0-14 16-4 7-26 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2203 80 100 — 0-41 0-41 33-98 33-98 27-29 27-29 2-11 2-22 z 0-14 0-14 161 16-1 7-27 N70B N 100 B J I 17-0 2321 2341 KT 150 200 — 0-41 0-41 33-98 33-98 27-29 27-29 — 2-07 2-07 — 0-14 0-14 15-9 15-6 7-25 7-27 N70B N 100 B |- 290-104 2321 2352 DGP 300 — 1-53 34-17 27-37 — 2-28 — 0-00 29-2 S-71 400 — 218 34-32 27-44 — 2-43 — 0-00 35-8 4-74 600 — 2-21 34-42 27-50 — 2-43 — — 39-5 4-15 800 — 2-22 34-52 27-59 — 2-43 — — 47-5 3-93 1000 — 2-21 34-61 27-66 — 2-40 — — 52-7 3-94 1490 — 1-97 34-72 27-77 — 2-30 — — 59-3 4-08 1990 1987 1-62 34-71 27-80 — 2- 1 1 — — 62-2 4-20 2490 — I-3S 34-70 27-81 — 2-15 — — 67-8 4-25 2990 — I 03 34-70 27-83 — 2-24 — — 73-0 4-38 3480 — o-8o 34-70 27-84 — 2-28 — — 75-9 4-21 3980 — 0-51 34-69 27-84 — 2-28 — — 77-5 4-32 4480 — 0-40 3469 27-85 — 2-28 — 79-1 4-16 976 I 0 269 34-09 27-21 — 1-98 — 0-09 12-0 6-84 N70 V 1000-750 2005 10 — 2-70 34-09 27-21 — 2-03 — 0-09 II-8 — jj 750-500 20 — 270 34-09 27-21 — 1-98 — 0-09 11-8 6-84 )> 500-250 30 — 2-70 34-09 27-21 — 1-98 — 0-09 1 1-7 — ,, 250-100 40 — 269 34-09 27-21 — 1-98 — 0-09 12-0 6-83 .. 100-50 50 — 260 34-09 27-21 — 1-98 — 0-09 II-2 — ,, 50-0 60 — 260 34-09 27-21 — 2-00 — 0-09 11-3 6-76 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2143 80 100 — 2-53 2-32 34-09 34-06 27-22 27-22 z 2-01 2-07 — 0-10 0-11 II-3 II-6 6-91 N70B N 100 B )v,-o 2304 2324 KT 150 — 2-IO 34-05 27-22 — 2-07 — 0-12 11-8 6-98 N70B N 100 B \ 190-84 2304 2334 DGP 200 — 2-IO 34-05 27-22 — 2-07 0-12 11-9 7-02 300 — 2-OI 34-05 27-23 — 2-07 — 0-00 12-9 6-90 400 — 290 34-24 27-32 — 2-24 — 0-00 22-7 5-24 600 — 2-70 34-32 27-39 — 2-40 — 0-00 35-9 4-64 800 — 2-50 34-43 27-50 — 2-51 — 0-00 41-1 4-04 1000 — 2-39 34-52 27-58 — 2-53 — 000 51-3 3-93 1500 — 2-i8 34-68 27-72 — 2-53 — 0-00 56-0 3-89 2000 — 1-86 34-73 27-79 — 2-28 — 0-00 59-6 4-01 2500 2502 1-52 34-72 27-81 — 2-24 — — 66-0 4-15 3000 — I-2S 34-71 27-82 — 2-30 — — 672 4-27 3500 — 098 34-70 27-83 — 2-30 — — 72-4 4-36 4000 — 066 34-70 27-85 — 2-30 — — 80-3 4-24 4500 — 0-48 34-70 27-86 — 2-38 — — 80-3 4-27 5000 5033 0-47 34-70 27-86 — 2-32 80-3 4-28 977 -> 0 4-61 34-23 27-13 — 1-79 — 0-09 9-1 6-55 N70 V 1000-730 2010 10 — 4-61 34-23 27-13 — 1-86 — oil 9-2 — ,, 750-500 20 — 4-62 34-23 27-13 — 1-81 — 009 9-2 6-57 j> 500-250 30 — 4-62 34-23 27-13 — 1-77 — 0-09 9-1 — >> 250-100 40 — 462 34-23 27-13 — 1-77 — 0-10 9-1 6-56 .> 100-50 50 — 462 34-23 27-13 — 1-77 — 0-09 9-1 • — ,, 50-0 60 — 462 34-23 27-13 — 1-73 — 0-09 9-2 6-56 N 50 V I 00-0 — 2140 80 — 4-62 34-23 27-13 — 1-71 — 0-09 9-2 — N70B N 100 B [• I 19-0 2249 2309 KT 100 — 4-59 34-23 27-14 — 1-73 — 0-09 9-3 6-54 150 200 — 4-46 4-39 34-23 34-23 27-14 27-15 1-73 1-77 z 0-09 0-06 10-2 ii-i 6-48 6-38 N70B N 100 B ] 318-140 2249 2319 DGP 300 — 4-13 34-23 27-18 — 1-69 — 0-08 10-9 6-59 400 — 4-01 34-22 27-18 " 1-71 0-08 10-4 6-66 135 977—981 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather aS .\ir Temp. ' C. Dry bulb Wet bulb 977 cont. 57° i8-2' S, 84° 29-5' W 1932 I X 978 979 980 981 55° 18-4' S, 8o°o8-i' W 51° 00' S, 62° 36-3'W 51° 006' S, 64° 44-i'W 5i°oi-i' S, 66° 58-2' W IS X 15 X 16 X 1030 2130 0840 4803* NxE 15-20 N 175 135* 106* NWxN wsw wsw 19 22-27 NWxN WSW wsw 136 be 1014-2 39 2-4 9970 1003-3 1012-7 7-3 90 mod. conf. S and WNW swells 5-8 4-7 mod. NW swell. Second sounding taken with plankton mod. NNW swell mod. SW swell R.R.S. Discovery II 977—981 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks ^s Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station moon (days) Depth metres) Temp. S°/„o at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N, Si 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To N, 977 2 6oo 3-68 34-19 27-20 1-82 — 0-00 130 6-10 cont. 8oo 3-33 34-2S 27-28 — 2-26 — 0-00 23-2 4-97 lOOO 3-II 34-29 27-33 — 2-45 — 000 33-7 4-34 1500 2-4S 34-S6 27-60 — 2-47 — 000 47-1 3-87 2000 1995 2-17 34-67 27-71 — 2-32 — 000 54-7 3-84 2480 1-87 34-74 27-80 — 2-36 — — 6o-8 4-05 2970 1-54 34-74 27-82 — 2-30 — — 75-4 4-16 3450 1-26 34-72 27-82 — 2-57 — — 75-4 4-07 3940 0-84 34-71 27-85 — 2-41 — — 80-2 4-13 4420 4419 0-58 34-71 27-87 — 2-41 82-0 4-20 978 3 0 4-97 34-16 27-03 — 1-71 — 0-14 7-8 6-69 N70 V 1000-750 2005 + s hours 10 4-97 34-16 27-03 — I -69 — 0-14 7-8 ») 750-500 20 4-97 34-16 27-03 — 1-65 — 0-14 7-7 6-71 )» 500-250 30 4-97 34-16 27-03 — 1-63 — o-ii 7-9 »> 250-100 40 4-97 34-16 27-03 — 1-69 — 0-12 7-9 667 >J 100-50 50 4-97 34-16 27-03 — 1-62 — 0-14 8-0 ,, 50-0 60 4-97 34-16 27-03 — I 60 — 0-14 8-0 6-66 N50V 1 00-0 — 2139 80 100 4-97 4-96 34-16 34-19 27-03 27-07 1-62 1-62 z o-i8 0-16 7-9 7-0 6-54 N70B N 100 B I 117-0 2243 2303 KT 150 200 4-95 4-93 34-23 34-23 27-09 27-09 — 1-65 1-73 0-07 0-04 7-1 7-8 6-44 6-36 N70B N 100 B \ 298-108 2243 2313 DGP 300 490 34-23 27-10 — 1-65 — 0-04 8-0 6-45 CPR — 2324 400 4-88 34-23 27-10 — 1-62 — 0-02 8-0 6-39 600 4-58 34-23 27-14 — 1-96 — 0-04 10-5 5-91 800 4-12 34-23 27-19 — 2-20 — o-oo 14-8 5-46 1000 3-68 34-32 27-30 — 2-41 — o-oo 29-1 4-71 1500 2-62 34-Si 27-55 — 2-47 — O-OO 47-7 3-78 2000 1999 2-21 34-67 27-71 — 2-74 — o-oo 59-1 3-35 2490 1-96 34-70 27-76 — 2-70 — — 67-6 3-55 2970 1-80 34-74 27-80 — 2-59 — — 676 3-91 3460 1-47 34-75 27-84 — 2-59 — — 68-9 3-86 3940 099 34-74 27-86 — 2-59 — — 80-9 4-07 443° 4432 0-71 34-72 27-86 — 2-59 — — 82-7 4-16 979 15 0 S-58 33-65 26-56 — — — — — 7-04 N70 V 160-100 1035 + 3 hours 10 5-s8 33-65 26-56 — — — — — — „ 100-50 20 5-s6 33-65 26-56 — — — — — 7-08 ,, 50-0 30 S-S4 33-65 26-57 — — — — — — N 50 V 1 00-0 — 1 105 40 SO S-S2 5-50 33-65 33-65 26-57 26-57 — z — 7-06 N70B N 100 B I 1 17-0 1109 1129 KT 60 S-40 33-65 26-58 — — — — — 7-04 80 S-18 33-65 26-61 100 5-14 33-66 26-61 — — — — — 6-72 13s 5-02 33-69 2666 — — — — — 6-33 170 — 5-02 33-69 26-66 — — — — — 6-32 980 i6 0 10 — 5-10 S-io 33-27 33-27 26-31 26-31 — — — — — 7-29 N70V 100-50 50-0 2135 20 S-09 33-28 26-32 — — — — — 7-20 N50 V 100-0 — 2200 30 5 04 33-28 26-33 — — — — — — N70B \ 104-0 2206 2223 KT 40 5-08 33-28 26-33 — — — — — 7-20 N 100 B SO 5-08 33-28 26-33 60 4-80 33-28 26-36 — — — — — 6-82 80 4-81 33-29 26-37 100 4-80 33-30 26-37 — — — — — 6-77 138 4-80 33-30 26-37 — — — — — 6-77 981 i6 0 5-80 33-28 26-24 — — — — — 6-66 N70 V 100-50 0843 10 5-80 33-28 26 24 — — — — — — ,, 50-0 20 5-80 33-28 26-24 — — — — — 6-67 N 50 V 100-0 — 0900 30 5-80 33-28 26-24 — — — — — — N70B \ 80-0 0916 0936 KT 40 5-80 33-28 26-24 — — — — — 6-66 N 100 B SO 5-80 33-28 26-24 60 5-80 33-28 26-24 — — — — 6-66 80 5-80 33-28 26-24 100 5-80 33-28 26-24 ~ " 6-63 137 18 982—985 R.R.S. Discovery H Station 982 983 984 985 Position Isla Capitana Aracena (ShoU Bay and Port Soffia) Cockburn Channel 55° lo' S, 76° 047' W 55° 14-4' S, 77° 48-6' W 55° 20-2' S, 79° 24-5' W Date 1932 18-21 X 23 X 24 X Hour Var. 0830 24 X Sounding (metres) 4134' 4387* 2000 3952* WIND Direction w wsw Force (knots) w 36 16 30 138 SEA Direction w wsw Force w Weather bcq bcq 2 C 0 = 1002-4 IOIO-3 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 39 3-6 Wet bulb 29 1-7 IOII-3 44 Remarks heavy conf. W swell heavy W x S swell 29 heavy conf. W swell R.R.S. Discovery 11 982—985 Station Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth metres) i| q| Temp. s°/„„ at pH Mg. — atom m.' 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite Si From To 982 — 0 — 7-5-6-5 — — — — — — — — NS Sh. coU. 1700 — 18. X. 1932 Shore collecting, Shell Bay and Port Soffia 983 24 0 S-9I 33-97 26-78 — — — 6-67 N 100 B 121-0 2250 2310 KT 10 — S-9I 33-97 26-78 — — — — — — N 100 B 300-80 2250 2320 DGP 20 — 5-92 33-97 26-77 — — — — — 6-68 30 — 5-92 33-97 26-77 40 — 5-92 33-97 26-77 — — — — — 6-70 50 — 5-92 33-97 26-77 60 — 5-92 33-97 26-77 — — — — — 667 80 — 5-81 33-96 26-78 100 — 5-24 34-07 26-93 — — — — — 6-57 150 — 5-12 34-13 26-99 — — — — 6-53 200 — 5-00 34-20 27-06 — — — — 6-33 300 — 4-90 34-23 27-10 — — — — — 6-29 400 — 4-80 34-23 27-11 — — — — ■ 6-24 600 — 4-62 34-23 27-13 • — — — — — 6-14 790 — 4-08 34-22 27-17 — — — — ■ — 5-59 990 — 3-31 34-36 27-37 — — — — — 4-38 1490 1490 2-56 34-53 27-57 — — — — 3-47 1980 2-19 34-65 27-69 — — — — — 3-30 2470 — 1-94 34-66 27-72 — — — — — 3-46 2950 — 1-79 .34-72 27-78 — — — — 3-57 3440 — 1-45 34-74 27-83 — — — — — 4-03 3930 3929 0-94 34-73 27-85 — — — ~~ 4-14 984 24 0 10 20 — 5-00 5-00 5-00 34-20 34-20 34-20 27-06 27-06 27-06 — — — — 6-72 6-70 N70 V 1000-750 750-500 500-250 0837 30 — 5-00 34-20 27-06 — — — — — — 250-100 40 — 5-00 34-20 27-06 — — — — — 6-71 100-50 50 — 5-00 34-20 27-06 — — — — — 50-0 60 5-00 34-20 27-06 — — — — — 6-70 N50 V 1 00-0 1040 80 — 5-00 34-20 27-06 — — — — — — N 70 B ■ QQ-0 I 1 05 1 1 25 KT 100 150 200 — 5-00 4-87 4-80 34-20 34-20 34-20 27-06 27-08 27-08 — — — — — 6-68 6-45 6-39 N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 yy - 240-100 1105 "35 /DGP. Closing t depth estimated 300 — 4-75 34-20 27-09 — — — — — 6-42 390 — 4-74 34-21 27-10 — — — — 6-45 6-21 5-80 590 — 4-58 34-21 27-12 — — — — 790 — 4-1 1 34-21 27-17 — — — — 980 — 3-67 34-30 27-28 — — — — — 4-66 1480 — 2-71 34-52 27-55 — — — — — 3-54 1970 — 2-27 34-65 27-69 — — — — — 3-31 2460 — 1-99 34-66 27-72 — — — — — 3-34 2950 2947 1-85 34-72 27-78 — — — ~ 3-69 985 25 0 — 4-96 34-20 27-07 — — — — — — N50 V N70B N 100 B 100-0 2015 2023 / KT. Small tear (^ nearN7oBbucket 10 20 4-96 4-97 34-20 34-20 27-07 27-06 — — — 6-69 j 1 1 3-0 2209 2229 30 40 — 4-97 4-96 34-20 34-20 27-06 27-07 — — — 6-69 N 70 B N 100 B > 290-110 2209 2239 DGP 50 — 4-96 34-20 27-07 60 — 4-96 34-20 27-07 — — — — 6-67 80 — 4-96 34-20 27-07 6-69 6-67 6-48 6-49 6-47 6-49 100 — 4-96 34-20 27-07 — — — ISO — 4-94 34-20 27-07 — — 200 — 4-93 34-22 27-08 — — — 300 — 4-93 34-23 27-10 — — 400 — 4-92 34-25 27-11 — — 600 — 4-73 34-23 27-12 — — — 800 — 4-40 34-22 27-14 — — — 5-71 990 988 3-66 34-28 27-27 — — — 4-74 1480 — 3-81 i960 — 232 34-64 27-68 3-67 139 985—989 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 985 cont. 986 987 988 989 Position 55° 20-2' S, 79° 24-5' W S6° 28-9' S, 79° 28-2' W S8° 23-8' S, 79° 28-9' W 1932 24 X 25 X Hour 0830 26 X 59° 19' S, 79° 39-8' W 60° 38-6' S, 79° 50-1' W 1 26 X 27 X 0845 Sounding (metres) 4837* 4937" WIND Direction WNW 0830 5087* 5036* wsw NW Force (knots) 30-40 23 NWxW SEA Direction WNW WSW NW 6 conf 14 NWxW Weather oq 1001-4 9962 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 4-5 1-7 991-3 984-1 2-4 Wet bulb 4-3 0-5 1-6 3-9 Remarks heavy conf. W swell heavy SW swell heavy conf. SW swell 39 mod. conf. W swell 140 R.R.S. Discovery II 985—989 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ^ Mg. — atom m.' 1 TIME Station Age of moon (days) ( Depth Tietres) Temp. " C. S °/o„ CT( pH c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks P *^itrate + Nitrite Nitrite N. Si From To Q| N, 985 25 2450 2-04 34-71 27-77 — — — — 3-80 3-89 3-98 cont. 2940 — 1-74 34-73 27-80 — — — 3430 3433 1-35 34-73 27-83 — — ~~ 986 25 0 — 4-89 34-23 27-10 — — — — — 6-51 N70 V 1000-750 750-500 0840 Closing depth doubtful 10 — 4-90 34-23 27-10 " 20 4-91 34-23 27-10 — — — — — 6-53 " 500-250 30 491 34-23 27-10 — — — — — " 250-100 40 — 4-91 34-23 27-10 — — — — — 6-52 »» 100-50 50-0 100-0 102-0 50 60 — 4-91 4-91 34-23 34-23 27-10 27-10 — — — — — 6-53 N50V N 100 B I 100 1040 1120 KT. Net torn in 80 — 4-91 34-23 27-10 6-52 6-49 6-55 629 6-44 6-31 coarse mesh near | 100 — 4-89 34-23 27-10 throttling band 150 190 4-85 4-81 34-23 34-23 27-10 27-11 — — — — — N 100 B 244-114 1 100 I 130 DGP 290 — 4-73 34-23 27-12 — — — — 390 — 4-50 34-22 27-13 — — — 580 — 4-15 34-21 27-16 — — — 770 — 3-73 34-24 27-24 — — — 5-21 462 970 — 3-32 34-30 27-32 — — 1450 — 2-61 34-53 27-57 — — — 3-74 3-60 398 3-89 1930 2420 — 2-25 1-97 34-64 34-72 27-69 27-77 — — — — — 2900 2900 1-63 34-73 27-81 — — ~ 987 26 0 10 20 30 40 — 3-9° 3-90 3-90 3-90 3-90 34-21 34-21 34-21 34-21 34-21 27-19 27-19 27-19 27-19 27-19 — — — — — 6-78 6-78 6-77 N70 V 1000-750 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 0847 50 60 — 3-90 3-90 34-21 34-21 27-19 27-19 — — — — — 6-76 N50V N 100 B 100-0 108-0 II30 1035 1 1 50 KT 80 100 3-90 390 34-21 34-21 27-19 27-19 — — — — 6-77 N 100 B 296-96 1130 1200 DGP ISO 200 300 — 390 3-90 3-34 34-21 34-21 34-19 27-19 27-19 27-24 — — — — — 6-77 6-71 6-38 6-35 4-89 4-46 4-06 400 — 311 34-18 27-25 — — — 590 — 3-16 34-28 27-32 — — — — 790 — 2-70 34-36 27-42 — — — 990 986 2-59 34-46 27-51 — — 6-78 N 50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 100-0 2103 2109 988 27 0 — 3-89 34-21 27-19 1 88-0 1 224-74 10 20 — 3-89 3-89 34-21 3421 27-19 27-19 z — — 6-78 2240 2300 KT 30 40 — 3-86 3-87 34-21 34-21 27-19 27-19 — — z — — 6-78 2240 2310 DGP 5° — 3-87 34-21 27-19 6-79 60 — 3-87 34-21 27-19 — — — ~ 80 — 3-84 34-20 27-19 100 150 — 3-82 3-82 34-20 34-20 27-19 27-19 — z — ^ — — 6-77 6-78 200 — 3-82 34-20 27-19 — — — — — 6-71 6-53 6-31 290 — 342 34-19 27-23 — — — 390 — 3-10 34-17 27-24 — — — 590 — 3-03 34-20 27-26 — — — — 5-44 780 — 3-00 34-35 27-40 — — — — 4-35 4-16 980 — 2-66 34-43 27-48 — — — 1470 — 2-33 34-56 27-61 — — — 3-75 2450 — 1-76 34-72 27-79 — — — 3-79 426 2940 — 1-38 34-73 27-83 — — — 3430 — 1-05 34-72 27-84 — — — 4-35 3920 — 0-75 34-72 27-86 — — — 4-45 4410 4410 0-55 34-72 27-87 4-45 663 N70 V 1000-790 0840 989 27 0 — 3-43 34-17 27-21 750-520 10 3-43 34-17 27-21 141 989—992 R.R.S, Discovery 11 Station 989 cont. Position Date 6o°38-6' S, 79°5o-i'W 990 991 992 6i°56-3'S, 79°S7'W 1932 27 X Hour 27 X 63° 12-8' S, 80"' 02-7' W 64° 19-2' S, 80° 06' w Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) 4857* 28 X 28 X 0836 4745* 4410 NWxN SEA Direction Force w WNW NWxN Weather 30-40 30-38 w WNW od 5 conf. cq bceq at Air Temp. " C Dry bulb 9746 Wet bulb 3-3 9602 966-7 Remarks 3-3 -0-9 -04 mod. NW swell -1-6 -0-5 heavy W x N swell heavy conf. W x N swell 142 R.R.S. Discovery II 989—992 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ~ U Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station Age of moon (days) ( Depth Tietres) Temp. °C. S°/™ at 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks pH P titrate + Nitrite Nitrite Nj N, Si From To 989 27 20 3-41 34-17 27-21 — — — 6-62 N 70 V 500-250 cont. 30 — 3-41 34-17 27-21 — — — .. 250-100 40 — 3-42 34-17 27-21 — — — 6-6i " 100-50 50 — 3-40 34-17 27-21 — — — — i> 50-0 60 — 3-33 3416 27-21 — — — 6-63 N50 V 1 00-0 — lOIO 80 — 3-33 34-16 27-21 — — — — — N70B ■ lOO-O 1059 1119 KT 100 — 3-32 34-16 27-21 — — — 6-64 N 100 B 150 200 — 3-31 3-31 34-16 34- 1 6 27-21 27-21 z z — 6-64 6-63 N70B N 100 B - 270-98 1059 1129 DGP 300 — 3-3° 34-16 27-21 — — — 6-40 390 — 2-47 34-11 27-24 — — — 6-55 490 — 2-93 34-21 27-28 — — — 5-34 590 — 2-53 34-21 27-32 — — 5-31 790 — 2-75 34-40 27-45 — — 4-23 980 — 2-54 34-47 27-52 — — — 3-96 1480 — 2-25 34-64 27-69 — — — 3-90 1970 — 1-96 34-72 27-77 — — — 4-04 2460 2460 1-62 34-72 27-80 ~ 4-14 990 28 0 — 3-06 34-12 27-20 — — — — 7-15 N50 V 1 00-0 2105 21 15 10 20 — 3-08 3-08 34-12 34-12 27-20 27-20 z z z 6-80 N 70 B N 100 B j 96-0 2229 2249 KT 30 40 — 3-o8 3-o8 34-12 34-13 27-20 27-20 — — 6-83 N70B N 100 B ■ 276-100 2229 2259 fDGP. Closing \ depth estimated 50 — 3-08 34-12 27-20 60 — 3-08 34-12 27-20 — — — — — 6-81 80 — 3-08 34-12 27-20 100 — 308 34-12 27-20 — — — — 6-82 150 — 3-08 34-12 27-20 — — — — — 6-81 200 — 291 34-12 27-22 — — — — 6-59 300 — 2-51 34-13 27-25 — — — — 6-46 400 — 2-8i 34-20 27-28 — — — — 5-51 600 — 2-77 34-29 27-36 — — — — 4-54 800 — 2-58 34-43 27-49 — — — — 4-14 1000 — 2-43 34-52 27-57 — — — 3-85 1490 — 2-22 34-59 27-65 — — — 3-81 2490 — 1-53 34-72 27-80 — - — — — 3-88 4-36 2990 — i-i6 34-73 27-84 — — — — 3480 — 0-88 34-73 27-86 — — — — 4-40 3980 — 059 34-73 27-88 — — — — 4-48 4480 4479 0-51 34-72 27-87 — '~ "" 4-52 991 28 0 _ -0-39 33-84 27-21 — — — — 7-56 N50 V 1 00-0 0843 10 — -0-39 33-84 27-21 — — — — — N70 V 1000-750 20 — -0-39 33-84 27-21 — — — — 7-57 750-500 30 — -0-39 33-84 27-21 — — — — — 500-250 40 — -0-39 33-84 27-21 — — — — 7-58 250-100 50 — -039 33-84 27-21 — — — — — 100-50 60 — -0-39 33-84 27-21 — — — — 7-59 50-0 1013 80 — -0-39 33-84 27-21 — — — — — N 70 B 1 149-0 I130 1150 KT 100 r -0-39 33-84 27-21 — — — — 7-57 N 100 B DGP 150 — 0-2I 33-93 27-25 — — — — 7-36 N 100 B 304-104 1 1 30 1200 200 — 0-91 34-05 27-31 — — — — 6-63 300 — 1-36 34-18 27-39 — — — — 5-71 390 — 1-94 34-31 27-44 — — — 4-69 4-08 59° — 2-17 34-47 27-56 — — — 790 — 2-l8 34-57 27-63 980 — 2-12 3465 27-70 — — — 3-79 1480 — 1-86 34-70 27-77 — — — 4-59 1970 — 1-53 34-72 27-80 — — — — 4-10 2460 2460 1-20 34-72 27-83 — — — 4-20 992 29 0 10 — -1-52 -1-52 33-85 33-85 27-26 27-26 — — — — — 7-73 N 100 B N 100 B 99-0 270-110 2159 2159 2219 2229 KT DGP 20 — -1-52 33-85 27-26 — — — — 7-76 30 — -1-52 33-85 27-26 40 — -1-52 33-85 27-26 _ 7-76 143 992—995 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Ba Air Temp. * C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 992 cont. 64° 19-2' S, 80° 06' W 1932 28 X 993 65° 387' S, 80° i8-6' W 29 X 0830 4820* 994 66° 45-7' S, 80° 198' W 29 X 4133' 995 67° 06-2' S, 79° 55-8' W 30 X 0320 WNW ENE N WxS 19 6 48 WNW ENE csp o blizzard 959-8 9402 927-7 1-7 -1-6 -1-7 heavy conf. W swell heavy W x N swell mod. NW swell 144 R.R.S. Discovery II 992—995 Station HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Age of moon (days) Depth metres) Temp. S ','00 at pH Mg. — atom m.' 0^ c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME P Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite Si From To 992 29 5° -1-57 33-85 27-26 cont. 6o 8o — -1-56 -i-s6 33-85 33-85 27-26 27-26 "" 7-77 lOO — -1-56 33-85 27-26 — — — — 7-75 ISO — — I-I2 33-96 27-34 — — — — 7-31 200 — 1-09 34-22 27-43 — — — — 5-51 290 — 1-78 34-39 27-53 — — — — 4-45 390 — 1-98 34-47 27-57 — — — — 4-08 580 — 2-13 34-57 27-64 — — — — 3-84 780 — 2-07 34-65 27-70 — — — — 3-86 970 — 2-02 34-69 27-74 — — — — 3-87 1460 I4S9 172 34-71 27-79 — — — — 4-22 1930 — 1-34 34-73 27-83 — — — — 4-29 2400 — I 06 34-71 27-84 — — — — 4-35 2870 2870 o-8o 34-70 27-84 — ~ ~ 4-41 993 29 0 10 — -1-86 -1-86 33-89 33-89 27-30 27-30 — — — z z 7-68 N70 V 1000-780 750-500 0834 20 — -1-86 33-89 27-30 — — — — 7-66 500-250 30 — -1-87 33-89 27-30 — — — — — 250-100 40 — -1-87 33-89 27-30 — — — — 7-67 100-50 5° — -1-86 33-89 27-30 — — — — — 50-0 60 — -1-86 33-89 27-30 — — — — 7-62 N50 V 1 00-0 1 105 80 — -1-86 33-89 27-30 — — — — — N70 B } 76-0 II23 1 143 KT 100 — -1-85 33-89 27-30 — — — — 7-64 N 100 B ISO — 045 34-18 27-45 — — — — 5-79 N70 B }• 196-76 II23 1153 DGP 200 — I-2I 34-31 27-50 — — — — 4-93 N 100 B 300 — 1-78 34-46 27-58 — — — — 4-17 390 — 200 34-56 27-64 — — — — 3-91 S90 — 2-o6 34-65 27-70 — — — — 3-88 790 — 1-97 34-71 27-77 — — — — 3-98 980 — I -85 34-71 27-78 — — — — — 4-08 1480 — 1-50 34-73 27-82 — — — — 4-17 1970 — 116 34-71 27-83 — — — — 4-29 2460 24s 5 0-91 34-70 27-84 — — — 4-32 994 0 0 — 1-69 33-97 27-36 — — — — 7-37 N50 V 1 00-0 21 10 2120 10 — — 1-69 33-97 27-36 — — — — — N 70 B ■ I I 3-0 2159 2219 KT 20 — -1-70 33-97 27-36 — — — — 7-40 N 100 B 1 •' 30 — -I -70 33-97 27-36 — — — — — N 70 B ■ 270-90 2159 2229 DGP 40 — -1-70 33-97 27-36 — — — — 7-38 N 100 B 1 ' 50 — -1-70 33-97 27-36 — — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2155 2225 60 — -1-70 33-97 27-36 — — — — 7-40 80 — -1-70 33-97 27-36 100 — — I 69 33-98 27-37 — — — — 7-33 ISO — 0-9S 34-25 27-47 — — — — 5-34 200 — 1-54 34-39 27-54 — — — — 4-55 290 — i-gi 34-48 27-59 — — — — 4-04 390 — 1-94 34-57 27-65 — — — 393 590 — 2-05 34-66 27-72 — — — 3-81 790 — I -95 34-70 27-76 — — — — 3-99 980 — 1-83 34-72 27-78 — — — — 3-94 1470 1474 151 34-73 27-82 — — — — 4-12 2000 — I-I3 34-73 27-84 — — — — 4-25 2500 — 0-88 34-70 27-84 — — — — 4-31 3000 — o-6o 34-70 27-85 — — — — 4-56 3500 — 0-42 34-69 27-85 — — — — 4-54 4000 4012 0-38 34-69 27-85 — — — — 4-51 995 I 0 — -I -80 33-96 27-36 — — — — — — N70B N70B 125-0 320-120 0342 0342 0402 0412 KT. Net full of ice and badly torn DGP. Station worked in close, light pack-ice. Floes up to 10 yards or more in diameter. Temperature taken from thermograph ■ 145 19 996—1001 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 996 997 998 Position 66° 53-8' S, 78° 526' W 66° 37-4' S, 78° 23-6' W 66° 40-7' S, 75° 13-7' W 999 1000 1001 6s°55-8'S,73°Si-5'W 65° o6-6' S, 71° 39-7'W Date 1932 30 X 30 X 31 X 31 X Hour 1630 2018 0830 V 64° 53-8' 8,68° 43-9' W 0845 Sounding (metres) 3923' 3282* 3441' 2672* Direction WxS Lt airs SxW WxS WSW NE Force (knots) 25 15 19 SEA Direction WxS 146 SxW WSW NE Force be 9620 9622 957-6 9669 9729 971-4 Air Temp. ° C. Drv bulb ■5-3 •8-0 -7-^ -5-9 -3-6 Wet bulb -61 ■8-2 -8-3 -6-7 -4'4 mod. NW swell heavy NW swell heavy NNW swell mod. NW swell mod. W X N swell mod. NE swell R.R.S. Discovery II 996—1001 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Rfmarki u Mg. — atoiTi m.^ TIME moon (days) Depth (metres) ■51 " 0 SI Temp. ' C. s°/„. at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N, Si 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To K^vi i n»i a J 996 I O -170 34-04 27-41 N70B N 100 B N70 B N 100 B N 100 H N 100 H , 1 00-0 I 350-90 0-5 0-5 1646 1646 1645 1735 1706 1716 1720 I7S5 Depth estimated DGP 997 I 0 — -1-72 34-04 27-41 — — — — — N 100 H NiooH 0-5 o-io 2025 2025 2055 2055 998 2 o -1-82 33-99 2739 — ^ — — 6-64 N70 V 1000-750 0841 Station worked in lO — -I -So 33-99 27-39 — — — — 750-500 sludge-ice 20 — -1-79 33-99 27-39 — — — — 6-6i 500-250 30 — -1-79 33-99 27-39 — — — — — 250-93 40 — -1-79 3399 27-39 — — — — 6-6i 135-60 SO — -1-79 33-99 27-39 — — — — — 50-0 60 — -1-79 33-99 27-39 — — — — 664 N 50 V 1 00-0 — II3S 80 — -1-78 33-99 27-39 — — — — — N 70 B N 100 B \ I 00-0 "57 1217 Depth estimated 100 — -1-74 34-00 27-38 — — — — 6-54 150 — -099 34-14 27-48 — — — — 601 N70B i 300-78 I '57 1227 DGP 190 — 090 34-48 2766 — — — — 4-55 N 100 B 290 — 1-4S 34-61 27-73 — — — — — 4-1 1 NiooH 3-4 1158 1230 390 — 1-68 34-66 27-74 — — — — 400 580 — 167 34-72 27-79 — — — — 4-09 780 — 1-47 34-72 27-81 — — — — 4-03 970 — 1-38 34-71 27-82 — — — — 4-23 1450 — I 00 34-71 27-84 — — — — 4-32 1940 — 0-73 34-71 2786 — — — — 4-32 2420 2424 0-50 34-71 27-87 — — 4-36 999 2 0 — -1-73 34-00 27-38 — — — N70B N 100 B NiooH 1 I5I-O 0-5 2207 2207 2227 2237 (KT. Station worked 1 among light pack-ice 1000 3 0 -1-72 33-95 27-34 — — — — 7-21 N70 V 1000-750 0850 10 — -1-72 33-95 27-34 — — — — — 750-500 20 — -1-72 33-95 27-34 — — — 7-22 500-250 30 — -1-72 33-95 27-34 — — — — 250-100 40 — -1-72 33-95 27-34 — — — — 7-21 100-50 SO — -1-73 33-95 27-34 — — — — — 50-0 60 — -1-73 33-95 27-34 — — — — — 7-22 N50 V 1 00-0 I 128-0 — 1028 80 — -1-73 33-95 27-34 — — — — — N 70 B 1108 1128 KT 100 — -o-8o 33-96 27-33 — — — — 6-06 N 100 B ISO — I -20 34-43 27-60 — — — — 4-51 N70 B ■ 300-1 10 1 108 1138 DGP 200 — i-8i 34-56 27-65 — — — — 3-99 N 100 B 1 •* 300 — 1-90 34-61 27-70 — — — — 3-92 400 — I-9I 34-66 27-73 — — — — 3-92 S90 — 1-89 34-70 27-77 — — — — 3-99 790 — i-8i 34-73 27-79 — — — — 3-99 990 — 1-64 34-74 27-82 — — — — 4-16 1480 — 1-25 34-73 27-83 — — — — 4-30 1980 — 092 34-72 27-85 — — — — 4-26 2470 2468 067 34-71 27-86 — — — 4-40 1001 3 0 — -1-70 33-94 2733 — — — ~ 7-41 N50 V 1 00-0 21 12 2121 10 — -171 33-94 27-33 — — — — N 70 B 95-0 2143 2203 KT 20 30 40 — -1-73 -1-70 -1-70 33-94 33-94 33-94 27-33 27-33 27-33 — — — — — 7-40 7-39 N 100 B N70B N 100 B / 230-66 2143 2213 /DGP. Closing ( depth estimated SO — -170 33-94 27-33 — — — — — N 100 H o-S 2147 2207 60 -1-62 33-94 27-33 — — — 7-39 80 -I-S8 33-95 27-34 100 — -089 34-14 27-48 — — — • 6-32 150 — I'2I 34-54 27-69 — — — 4-31 200 — 172 34-64 27-73 — — — • 3-93 300 — i-8i 34-67 27-74 — — — 3-94 400 ' 174 34-70 27-78 4-02 H7 1001—1006 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position , , Sounding "°"r (metres) Force (knots) SEA Weather E.-2 0 = Air Temp. ^ C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1001 cont. 64° 53-8' S, 68^ 43-9' W 1932 1 xi 1002 64° 23-4' S, 65° 44-S' W 0830 1003 63° 40-7' S, 63° 077' w 1004 63° 02-2' S, 60° 25-5' w (3-48 miles S 47^° E of Ravn Rock, Neptune's Bellows, Deception I) 5 XI 114s 1005 63° 09' S, 60° ii'W 5 XI 1006 63° i6-7' S, 60° 065' W 5 XI 1450 1800 355' 304* 523' 629* 832* NE-NW NNW wsw wsw wsw 7-20 24 25-30 23 Conf. NNW WSW wsw wsw bcsp bv be be 959-2 1-8 mod. conf. NE swell 964- 1-4 heavy conf. NW swell 985-6 29 -4-9 mod. WSW swell 985-2 ■2-8 ■4-1 mod. WSW swell 985-3 -2-7 mod. WSW swell 148 R.R.S. Discovery II 1001—1006 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS lilOLOGlCAL OBSERVATIONS 1- Mg. — atom m.* TIME Station _q'3 T< ^m ^ ru Q (days) Depth Si Temp. Nitrate 0, Depth IxcnidrKS ^metres) 8-g C. S ° 'r.-. at pH P + Nitrite Nitrite N. Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To N, 1001 3 6oo _ 1-62 3473 27-81 — — 4-1S cont. 79° — 1-42 34-74 27-83 — — — 4-21 99° — I -26 34-74 27-84 — — — 4-18 1490 — o-8i 34-71 27-85 — — — 4-46 1980 — 0-50 3470 27-86 — — — 4-50 2480 2475 039 34-69 27-85 — — — 4-51 1002 4 0 — -1-68 34-03 27-41 — — — 7-29 N70 V 340-250 0840 10 — — 1-69 34-03 27-41 — — — — ,, 250-100 20 — - 1-69 34-03 27-41 — — — 7-31 ., 100-50 30 — — 1-69 3403 27-41 — — — — ,, 50-0 40 — -1-69 3403 27-41 — — — 7-30 N50 V 1 00-0 — 0925 50 — — 1-69 34-03 27-41 — — — — N70B \ 86-0 0952 IOI2 KT 60 — — I -69 3403 27-41 — — — 7-31 N 100 B j 80 100 z -1-68 -119 34-03 34-14 27-41 27-49 z — 6-28 N70B N 100 B f 230-94 0952 1022 DGP ISO — -0-39 34-34 27-62 — — — 5-54 N 100 H 0-5 0952 1025 200 — 0-42 3448 27-69 — — — 4-72 300 — I-OI 34-66 27-79 — — — 4-30 350 — 1-04 34-66 27-79 — — — 428 1003 4 0 — — 1-40 34-14 27-50 — — — 7-32 NsoV 1 00-0 2008 2013 10 ~ — 1-40 34-14 27-50 — — — — N70B N 100 B 1 115-0 2050 21 10 KT 20 — — 1-40 34-14 27-50 — — — 7-31 30 — -1-39 34-14 27-50 40 — -1-38 34-14 27-50 — — — — 7-29 5° — -1-38 34-14 27-50 60 — -1-33 34J4 27-49 — — — 7-25 80 — -I-I7 34-20 27-53 100 — -083 34-29 27-59 — — — 6-37 150 — -0-29 34-42 2767 — — — 5-67 200 — 0-S7 34-SS 27-74 — — — 4-86 300 — I-I5 34-66 27-78 — — — 4-46 1004 7 0 — — 0-2I 34-32 27-59 — — — 6-97 N70 V 450-250 II35 10 — -039 34-32 27-60 — — — — » 250-0 20 — -0-53 34-32 27-61 — — — 6-97 ,. 250-100 30 — -0-68 3432 27-61 — — — — ,, 100-50 40 — -0-75 34-31 27-61 — — — 6-97 ,, 50-0 50 — -o-8i 34-31 27-61 — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 1240 60 — -0-88 34-31 27-61 — — — 6-97 N70B 123-0 1259 1319 KT 80 — -0-90 34-31 27-61 — — — — N 100 B 1 •' 100 — -0-90 34-31 27-61 — — — 6-97 N70B N 100 B • 320-120 1259 1329 DGP 150 — -0-51 34-39 27-67 — — — S-99 .) -^ 200 — -o-o8 34-49 27-71 — — — — 5-34 300 — 0-29 34-S7 27-76 — — — 4-97 400 — 0-39 34-61 27-80 — — — 4-88 500 — 0-45 34-61 27-80 — — — 492 1005 7 0 -o-8i 34-32 27-62 — — — 7-31 N70 V 500-250 1503 10 — -0-92 3432 27-62 — — — — — >. 250-100 20 — -1-07 3432 27-63 — — — 7-34 „ 100-50 30 — -I-I7 34-32 27-63 — — — — „ 50-0 40 — — I-2I 34-32 27-63 — — — 7-33 N50 V 1 00-0 — 1545 50 — -1-28 34-32 27-63 — — — — N70 B ■ 109-0 1615 1635 KT 60 ■ — -1-31 34-32 27-63 — — — 7-29 N 100 B / ^ 80 — -I-3I 34-33 27-63 — — — — — N70B / 300-100 1615 1645 DGP 100 — -1-25 3436 27-66 — — — — 7-07 N ICO B 150 — — I-Il 34-42 27-70 — — — 6-74 200 — — I-I I 34-45 27-73 — — — 6-39 300 — — I-2I 34-52 2779 — — — — • 6-19 400 — -1-28 34-54 27-81 — — — — • 6-17 500 — -I-3I 34-57 27-84 — — — 6-is 1006 7 0 -0-35 34-39 27-66 — — 6-91 N70 V 750-500 1806 10 — -0-54 34-39 27-67 — — — — »» 500-270 20 — -0-72 34-39 27-67 ^ 6-88 >» 250-100 149 1006—1013 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 1006 cont. 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 Position 63° i6-7' S, 60" 065' W 63° 25' S, 59° 57' W 63° 065' S, 59° 058' W 62° 55-9' S, 58° oo-3'W 62° 46-6' S, 56° 58-1' W 62° 40-4' S, 56° 19-5' W 62° 204' S, 56° 195' W 61° 57-5' 5,56° 201' W Date 1932 5 xi 5 XI 6 xi 6 xi 6 xi 6 xi 6 xi 6 xi Hour 2125 0140 0530 0924 1530 Sounding (metres) 152" 256* 702' 240' 196* 670* i960* WIND Direction WxN WNW NWxW NxW NWxW W WNW Force (knots) SEA Direction IS 15 19 14 WxN WNW NWxW NxW NWxW W WNW 3 Force ^E be Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 983-8 983-3 9837 il-4 977-6 977-9 979-2 -2-3 Wet bulb -3-3 -0-7 -2-5 -2-7 -2-4 1-4 mod. conf. W swell low W swell low NW X W swell mod. conf. swell low NNW swell low W swell low conf. NW swell 150 R.R.S. Discovery II 1006—1013 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ^, Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station Age of moon (days) ( Depth metres) Temp. 'C. S °/oo at 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks pH P Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N, Si From To Q ^ N, 1006 7 30 -0-91 34-39 27-68 — — — N 70 V 100-50 cunt . 40 — - i-oi 34-39 27-68 — — — — 684 >> 50-0 50 — - lOI 34-39 27-68 — — — — — N 50 V 100-0 — 1913 60 — -I -OS 34-39 27-69 — — — — 6-84 N 70B N 100 B • I I 5-0 1940 2000 KT 80 — — I-II 34-39 27-69 — — — — — I ^ 100 — — Ill 34-42 27-70 — — — — 6-79 N 70 B \ 320-152 1940 2010 DGP 150 — — III 34-47 27-75 — — — — 6-43 N 100 B 200 — — I-II 34-49 27-76 — — — — — 6-33 N 100 H o-s 1934 2004 300 — -I-I4 34-Si 27-78 — — — — 6-17 400 — - I-20 34-S2 27-78 — — — - — 6-n 500 — -I-I7 34-57 27-83 — — — — 6-02 700 — -1-27 34-58 27-84 — — — — 608 1007 7 0 -I -08 34-41 27-70 — — — — 6-88 N50 V 1 00-0 2130 10 — — 1-09 34-41 27-70 — — — — — N 70 V 100-50 20 — — 1-09 34-41 27-70 — — — — 6-87 .> 50-0 — 2147 30 — I 09 34-41 27-70 — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2200 2230 40 — I 09 34-41 27-70 — — — — 6-87 KT. Both nets SO 60 — — 1-09 — 1-09 34-41 34-41 27-70 27-70 — — z 6-84 N70B N 100 B 1 90-0 2212 2232 fished for some minutes at 30 m. on the way out 80 — — 1-09 34-41 27-70 100 — — 1-09 34-41 27-70 — — — — 6-8i ISO " — I-II 34-41 27-70 663 N70B N 100 B \ (KT. Temperature 1008 7 0 - I-3S / IIO-O 0155 0215 1 from thermograph N 100 H 0-5 0156 0226 1009 8 0 — -o-8s 34-52 27-78 — — — — — — N70B N 100 B N 70 B } 155-0 0545 0605 0615 KT fDGP. Depths esti- N 100 B • 300-120 0545 \ mated N 100 H 0-2 0540 0625 1010 8 0 — -1-32 34-53 27-81 — — — — N 70B N 100 B N 100 H 126-0 0-5 0935 0933 0955 1000 KT 1011 8 0 _ -1-44 34-52 27-80 — — — — 7-11 N 100 H 0-5 1212 1242 10 — -1-47 34-52 27-80 — — — — — N 70 B ■ 100-0 1214 1234 Depth estimated 20 — -1-49 34-52 27-80 — — — — 7-12 N 100 B 1 30 — -1-49 34-52 27-80 — — — — — N 70 V 150-100 1250 40 — -1-48 34-52 27-80 — — — — 7-10 • • 100-50 50 — -1-48 34-52 27-80 — — — — — <. 50-0 60 — -1-48 34-52 27-80 — — — — — 7-09 N 50 V 100-0 ~~ 1315 80 — -1-48 34-52 27-80 100 — -1-48 34-52 27-80 — — — — 7-06 ISO — -1-47 34-52 27-80 — — — — 7-03 1012 8 0 _ — 0-90 34-41 2769 — — — — 692 N70 V 500-250 1533 10 — — 0-90 34-41 27-69 — — — — — »i 250-100 20 — — 0-90 34-41 27-69 — — — — 6-89 " 100-50 30 — -0-89 34-42 27-69 — — — — — .. 50-0 1620 1716 40 50 — -0-86 — 0-70 34-43 34-45 27-71 27-71 — — 6-62 N 50 V N 100 H 100-0 0-5 1646 60 — -0-S9 34-49 27-74 — — — — — 5-88 N 70 B N 100 B / 104-0 1648 1718 KT 80 — -0-97 34-49 27-75 — — — — — 100 — -0-90 34-50 27-76 — — — — 6-09 N 70 B N 100 B !• 316-150 1648 1728 DGP 150 — -1-09 34-50 27-77 — — — — 6-19 / 200 — — 1-09 34-52 27-79 — — — — 6-12 300 — -I -OS 34-58 27-84 — — — — S-99 400 — — I -06 34-58 27-84 — — — — S-93 600 — — i-oi 34-58 27-84 — — — — 5-95 1013 8 0 -1-08 3432 27-63 — — — 7-18 N70V 1000-750 2001 10 — -i-o8 34-32 27-63 — — — — — >» 750-500 20 — -1-08 34-32 27-63 — — " 7-i6 >> 500-250 1 151 1013—1016 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 1013 cont. Position 6i° 57-5' S,s6° 20-1' W 1014 1015 1016 6i° 26-8' S, 56° 19-7' W 58° 53-2' S, 56° i8-6'W 1932 6 xi 7 XI Sounding (metres) 7 XI 57° 19' 8,56° 19-9' W 0835 543' 3864* 4124* SE SE Force (knots) SEA Direction 12 SE 15-20 SE Force Weather g = 4 conf. 980-1 —2-4 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 9839 996-1 -3-3 1-6 1-5 mod. NW swell mod. conf. swell -2-5 mod. conf. S swell 152 R.R.S. Discovery II 1013—1016 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks s Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station moon (days) Depth metres) f 1 ■V. 0 Q ^ Temp. ° C. S "loo of pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite Si 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 1013 8 30 — I -09 34-32 27-63 — — — — N 70 V 250-0 cont. 40 — — i-og 34-32 27-63 — — — — 7-18 ,, 250-100 50 — — 1-09 34-32 27-63 — — — — >> 100-50 60 — — i-io 34-32 27-63 — — — — 7-16 ,, 50-0 80 — -115 34-33 27-63 — — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 2155 1 00 150 — -1-18 — 0-62 34-35 34-43 27-66 27-70 z z z z z 7-17 601 N70B N 100 B 1 93-0 2210 2230 KT 200 — -0-74 34-48 27-75 — — — — — 6-02 N70 B N 100 B / 314-140 2210 2240 DGP 290 — -0-72 34-49 27-74 — — 5-90 390 — -0-78 34-52 27-78 — — — — — 5-82 N 100 H 0-5 2219 2249 580 — — 0-92 34-56 27-81 — — — — — 5-85 780 — -1-03 34-58 27-84 — — — — — 5-88 970 — — 1-04 34-58 27-84 — — — — — 5-73 1460 — -i-is 34-58 27-84 — — — — — 5-65 1800 1799 -1-24 34-58 27-84 — — 5-8i 1014 8 0 — 1-06 34-32 27-63 — — — — — 7-II N 70 V 500-250 0205 10 — — I -06 34-32 27-63 — — — — — — ,, 250-100 20 — -1-05 34-32 27-63 — — — — — 7-10 ,, 100-50 30 — -I -OS 34-32 27-63 — — — — — — ,, 50-0 40 — — I -06 34-32 27-63 — — — — — 7-09 N50 V 1 00-0 — 0243 50 60 — -1-02 -0-99 34-32 34-32 27-63 27-62 z z . — — — 7-06 N70B N 100 B (■ 144-0 0320 0340 KT 80 — -0-95 34-34 27-64 — — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 O31S 0348 100 — -0-94 34-34 27-64 — — — — — 6-99 ISO — -0-82 34-37 27-66 — — — — — 6-79 200 — -0-S4 34-43 27-70 — — — — — 6-13 300 — -0-23 34-52 27-75 — — — — — 5-59 400 — — 0-14 34-53 27-76 — — — — — 5-46 500 — — 0-04 34-57 27-78 — — 5-42 1015 9 0 _ — 0-41 33-96 27-31 — — — — — 7-6s N50 V 1 00-0 2003 2010 10 — — 0-41 33-96 27-31 — — — — — — N70B {• 128-0 2210 2230 KT 20 — — 0-41 33-96 27-31 — — — — — 7-67 N 100 B 30 — -0-41 33-96 27-31 — — — — — — N70B 1 350-120 2210 2240 DGP 40 — -0-49 33-96 27-31 — — — — — 7-65 N 100 B j 03 50 — -0-49 33-96 27-31 — — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2212 2244 60 — -0-5S 33-96 27-32 — — — — — 7-65 80 — -0-59 33-96 27-32 100 — -o-si 34-05 27-38 — — — — — 6-87 150 — 0-34 34-23 27-49 — — — — — 5-73 200 — 1-48 34-41 27-56 — — — — — 4-53 300 — 1-91 34-52 27-62 — — — — — 4-02 390 — 2-01 34-6o 27-67 — — — — — 3-88 590 — 2-01 34-67 27-73 — — — — — 3-85 780 — 1-89 34-70 27-77 — — — — — 3-93 980 — 1-71 34-73 27-80 — — — — — 4-04 1470 1487 1-31 34-74 27-84 — ■ — — — — 4-21 1950 — 0-99 34-73 27-85 — — — — — 4-28 2440 — 067 34-71 27-86 — — — — — 4-06 2930 — 0-31 34-70 27-87 — — — — — 4-25 3420 3421 0-09 34-69 27-87 — — 4-51 1016 lO 0 _ — 0-20 33-84 27-20 — — — — — 7-78 N70 V 1000-750 0835 10 — -0-23 33-84 27-20 — — — — — — >» 750-500 20 — -0-26 33-84 27-20 — — — — — 7-8i »> 500-250 30 . — -0-27 33-84 27-20 — — — — — — »» 250-100 40 — -0-27 33-84 27-20 — — — — — 7-79 >> 100-50 5° — -0-28 33-84 27-20 — — — — — — )> 50-0 60 — — 0-29 33-84 27-20 — — — — — 7-80 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 1023 80 — -0-38 33-84 27-21 — — — — — — N 70 B [ II3-O nil II3I KT 100 ISO 200 = -0-39 0-S7 1-54 33-93 34-07 34-24 27-28 27-35 27-43 — — — — — 7-27 6-36 5-14 N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 360-130 nil II4I (DGP. Closing \ depth estimated 300 — 1-91 34-37 27-50 — — — — — 4-56 N 100 H 0-5 1112 1 142 390 — 2-11 34-48 27-57 — — — — — 4-07 590 2-24 34-60 27-65 3-69 153 1016—1020 R^R^S* Discovery II Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Fori Weather an Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1016 cont. 57° 19' S, 56° 19-9' W 1932 8 xi 1017 56° 00-2' S, 56° 07-6' W 8 xi 4326* N N 1018 54° 43-9' S, 55° 55-7' W 9 XI 0830 756* NNW 17 NNW 1019 53° 22-6' S, S6°02'W 9 XI 2003 2796* NWxW NWxW 1020 52° 03-8' S, 57° 15-6' W 0833 392' W W 999-3 mod. conf. S swell 988-1 5-8 5-3 mod. conf. WNW swell csp 986-0 6-7 6-1 mod. conf. NW swell be 1000-3 6-9 6-5 mod. conf. WSW swell 154 R.R.S* Discovery II 1016—1020 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Mg. — atom m.' TIME . (days) Depth ^1 Temp. CO, Nitrate 0, Depth (metres) °C. s /^.^ at pH P -*- Nitrite N. Nitrite N, Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To 1016 lO 780 __ 2-14 34-67 27-72 . 3-66 cont. 980 — 2-o6 34-69 27-73 — — — — 363 1470 — I 69 34-74 27-81 — — — — 4-02 i960 — 130 34-73 27-83 — — — 3-88 2450 — 0-90 34-72 27-85 — — — 3-95 2940 2935 062 34-71 27-87 — — — — 4-15 1017 lO 0 — 0-70 33-79 27-12 — — — 7-62 N50V 1 00-0 2132 2140 10 — 0-69 33-79 27-12 — — — — N70B N 100 B ■ IIO-O 2216 2236 KT 20 — o-6o 33-79 27-13 — — — 7-61 30 — 054 3379 27-13 — — — — — N70B N 100 B / 330-150 2216 2246 DGP 40 — 050 33-79 27-13 — — — — 7-61 SO — 050 33-79 27-13 — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2226 2256 60 — 041 33-79 27-14 — — — — 7-61 80 — 019 33-79 27-15 100 — o-io 33-79 27-15 — — — — ■ 7-60 ISO — o-oo 33-88 27-23 — — — — 7-36 200 — I-I2 34-09 2732 — — — ■ — 6-34 ■-300 — i-8i 34-23 27-40 — — — — 5-32 390 — i-8i 34-32 27-46 — — — — 4-90 590 — 2-21 34-43 27-52 — — — — 4-17 780 — 2-33 34-57 27-62 — — — — 3-78 980 — 2-24 34-66 27-70 — — — — 3-77 1470 1470 I 96 34-74 27-79 — — — — 3-82 1920 — I-70 34-73 27-80 — — — — 393 2400 — 1-38 34-73 27-83 — — — — 3-83 2880 — I 00 34-71 27-84 — — — — 4-07 3360 — 0-79 34-70 27-84 — — — 4-02 3840 3839 0-49 34-69 27-84 — — — 4-16 1018 11 0 — 4-97 34-16 27-03 — — — — 6-80 N70 V 700-500 0837 10 — 4-97 34- '6 27-03 — — — — — „ 500-250 20 — 4-97 34-16 27-03 — — — — - 6-79 ,, 250-100 30 — 4-97 34-16 27-03 — — — — — ,, 100-50 40 — 4-97 34-i6 27-03 — — — — 6-79 )) 50-0 50 — 4-97 34-16 27-03 — — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 0945 60 — 4-95 34-16 27-04 — — — — — 6-78 N70B I 119-0 lOOI 1021 KT 80 — 4-81 34-16 27-05 — — — — — N 100 B 100 — 4-60 34-i6 27-08 — — — — — 6-58 N70B 1 322-156 1001 1031 DGP 150 — 4-54 34-22 27-12 — — — — 6-46 N 100 B 200 — 4-52 34-22 27-12 — — — — 6-43 N 100 H 0-5 1006 1036 300 — 4-41 34-23 2716 — — — 640 400 — 4-24 34-23 27-17 — — — 6-33 600 — 408 34-22 27-17 — — — — 6-04 1019 II 0 — 5-II 34-16 27-02 — — — — 6-95 N50 V 1 00-0 2007 2014 10 — 513 3416 27-02 — — — — — N70B ■ 1 1 9-0 2143 2203 KT 20 — S-OS 34-19 27-OS — — — — 6-94 N 100 B I 30 — 5-00 34-20 27-06 — — — — N 70 B ■ 320-110 2143 2213 DGP 40 — S'oo 34-20 27-06 — — — — 6-86 N 100 B 50 — 499 34-20 27-06 — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2144 2214 60 — 4-92 34-20 27-07 — — — — — 6-89 80 — 4-90 34-20 27-07 100 — 4-71 34-23 27-12 — — — — 6-8i 150 — 419 34-22 27-16 — — — — 6-55 200 — 402 34-21 27-18 — — — — 6-43 300 — 3-78 34-21 27-20 — — — — 6-43 400 — 3-31 34-21 27-25 — — — — 6-35 600 — 300 34-21 27-28 — — — — 5-78 800 — 250 34-20 27-31 — — — — 5-81 1000 — 2-76 34-32 27-39 — — — — 4-48 1500 — 2-47 34-54 27-59 — — — — 3-63 2000 — 220 34-67 27-71 — — — — 3-68 2500 — 1-96 34-75 27-80 — — — — 3-s8 1020 12 0 6-43 33-80 26-57 — — — 692 N70V 250-100 0840 10 — 642 33-80 26-57 — ~ " 100-50 155 1020—1024 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force ,\ir Temp. "^ C. Dry bulb Wet bulb 1020 coiit. 52° 03-8' S, 57° 15-6' W 1932 10 xi 1021 1022 51° 20-l' S, 55° 20-l' W 13 XI 1299* WNW 25 WNW 50° 59-1' S, 52° 47' W 1023 50° 48-9' S, 51° 32-9' W 1024 50° 32-9' S, 49° 08-9' w 14 XI 16 xi 17 XI 0830 2068* WNW WxN 0830 2840 NNE 19 WNW WxN NNE 990-8 7-0 6-3 heavy WNW swell be 995-3 IOOI-5 6-4 60 5-4 5-7 4-7 4-6 heavy conf. W swell heavy WSW swell mod. conf. SW swell 156 R.R.S. Discovery 11 1020—1024 Station Age of HYDRO LOGICAL OBSERVATIONS HIOLOGICAL OBSEKVA'ilONS Remarks . '-> Mg. — atom m.' TIME (dayS Depth (metres) Temp. C. S °'„, at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N. Nitrite N; Si O; c.c. litre Gear Deptli (metres) From To 1020 12 20 _ 6-40 33-80 26-58 6-91 N70 V 50-0 cont. 30 — 6-01 33-79 26-63 — — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 0907 40 5° 5-61 5-53 33-85 33-86 26-71 26-72 z z 6-51 N70B N 100 B |- 1 43-0 0929 0949 KT 6o — 5-30 33-87 26-77 — — — 6-40 N 100 H 0-5 0927 0957 8o — 5-31 33-94 26-82 I GO — 5-22 33-96 26-85 — — — 6-59 150 — S-oi 34-04 2693 — — — 6-54 200 — 4-69 34-11 27-03 — — — 6-29 300 — 4-50 34-14 27-08 — — — 6-21 1021 15 0 — S-80 34-15 2694 — — — 6-89 N50 V 1 00-0 2005 2013 10 20 Z 5-79 5-78 34-15 34-15 26-94 26-94 — — — 6-90 N70B N 100 B . 120-0 2119 2139 KT 30 40 5-80 5-51 34-15 34-15 26-94 26-97 — z — — 6-92 N70 B N 100 B / 315-150 2119 2149 DGP 50 — 5-32 34-15 2699 — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2125 2155 60 — 5 -02 34-15 27-03 — — — — 6-86 80 — 4-62 34-15 27-07 100 — 4-38 34-17 27-11 — — ■ — — 6-55 150 — 4-31 34-19 27-14 — — — — 6-54 200 — 4-29 34-22 27-15 — — — — 6-39 300 — 4-02 34-21 27-18 — ■ — — - — 6-25 400 — 3-91 34-21 27-19 — — — — 6-20 600 — 3-18 34-19 27-25 — — — — 6-03 800 — 2-77 34-23 27-32 — — — — 5-41 1000 — 2-78 34-33 27-39 — — — — 4-56 1022 i6 0 — S-82 34-23 26-99 — — — — 6-91 N70V 1000-720 0835 10 — 5-74 34-23 27-00 — — — — — 750-500 20 — 5-60 34-22 27-00 — — — — 6-93 500-250 30 — 5-50 34-21 27-01 — — — — — 250-100 40 — 5-42 34-20 27-01 — — — — — 6-91 1 00-0 50 — 5-39 34-20 27-01 — — — — — 100-50 60 — 5-17 34-20 27-04 — — — — 6-91 50-0 80 — 4-19 34-20 27-15 — — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 1020 100 150 — 3-94 3-64 34-20 34-20 27-18 27-21 — z z 6-68 6-56 N70B N 100 B ] 98-0 1034 1054 KT 200 — 3-43 34-20 27-23 — — — — 6-47 N 100 B 300-126 1034 1 104 DGP 300 — 3-12 34-18 27-25 — — — — 6-37 N 100 H 0-5 1036 1 106 400 — 2-99 34-20 27-27 — — — 5-81 600 — 2-65 34-28 27-37 — — — — 5-00 800 — 2-63 34-42 27-47 — — — — 4-13 1000 — 2-43 34-51 27-56 — — — — 3-73 1500 — 2-14 34-67 27-72 — — — — 3-61 1023 i8 0 — 5-31 34-15 27-00 — — — — 6-91 N 50 V 1 00-0 2005 2020 10 20 5-34 5-38 34-17 34-17 27-00 27-00 z z z 6-93 N70B N 100 B I 1 2-0 2152 2213 KT 30 40 z 5-38 S-22 34-17 34-17 27-00 27-02 z 6-92 N 70 B N 100 B ]■ 318-130 2152 2223 DGP 50 — 5-14 34-16 27-02 — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2157 2227 60 — 5-02 34-15 27-03 — — — — 6-89 80 — 4-26 34-14 27-10 100 — 4-10 34- 1 5 27-13 — — — — 6-81 150 — 3-55 34-15 27-19 — — • — — 6-74 200 — 3-22 34-15 27-22 — — — — 6-56 300 — 2-92 34-14 27-24 — — — — 6-43 400 — 2-94 34-14 27-23 — — — — 6-01 600 — 2-55 34-25 27-35 — — — — 5-05 800 — 2-59 34-42 27-47 — — — — 4-24 1000 — 2-45 34-49 27-54 — — — — 3-71 1500 — 2-18 34-65 27-69 — — — — 3-60 2000 — 1-86 34-70 27-77 — — — 3-77 1024 19 0 4-80 34-17 27-06 — — 6-87 N 70 V 1000-750 0834 10 — 4-80 34-17 27-06 — ~ ~ " 750-500 157 1024—1027 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 1024 cont. Position 50° 32-9' S, 49° 08-9' W 1025 so" i8-3' S, 47° 12-4' W 17 xi Date 1932 17 xi Sounding (metres) 1026 1027 49°S9-6'S, 44°4i-3'W 2803* 0830 51° 19-8' S, 44° 40-8' W 2759'" 2709* Direction NNW WxN NxW Force (knots) 16 158 SEA Direction NNW WxN NxW Force Weather Era o™ fe be Air Temp. ' C, 992-8 Dr\' bulb Wet bulb Remarks 7-3 997-0 7-2 5-7 988-9 5-0 mod. conf. SSW and NW swells mod. conf. swell 4-3 4-1 mod. conf. NxW swell R.R.S. Discovery II 1024—1027 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATION'S u Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station moon J s 0, c.c. litre Remarks (days) Depth metres) -S§ Temp. S °/,:,o at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N. Nitrite N, Si Gear Depth (metres) From To 1024 19 20 4-80 34-17 27-06 — — — 6-90 N 70 V 500-250 cont. 30 — 4-79 34-17 27-06 — — — ,, 250-100 40 — 4-79 34-17 2706 — — — 6-87 >> 100-50 50 — 4-73 34-17 27-07 — — — ,, 50-0 60 — 4-60 34-16 27-08 — — — 6-89 N50 V 1 00-0 — 1025 80 — 4-33 34-14 27-10 — — — N70B ] 89-0 1044 1 104 KT 100 — 3-64 34-14 27-17 — — — 6-8i N 100 B 1 150 — 2-86 34-13 27-22 — — — 6-72 N70B N 100 B / 246-120 1044 1 1 14 DGP 200 — 2-71 34-13 27-23 — — — 6-59 300 — 2-31 34-12 27-27 — — — 6-i8 400 — 2-04 34-15 27-32 — — — 5-99 600 — 2-40 34-30 27-40 — — — 4-68 800 — 2-35 34-43 27-51 — — — 401 1000 — 2-3S 34-56 27-61 — — — 3-81 1500 — 2-13 34-66 27-71 — — — 3-57 2000 — 1-84 34-72 27-78 — — — 3-75 2500 — 1-36 34-74 27-84 — — — 3-96 1025 19 0 _ S-02 34-08 2697 — — — 7-00 N50V 1 00-0 2008 2015 10 — 5-12 34-10 26-97 — — — — N70B N 100 B ,• 140-0 2137 2157 KT 20 — 5-12 34-10 26-97 — — — 7-03 ) 30 40 — 4-95 4-02 34-IO 34-11 2699 27-10 z z z 7-02 N 70 B N 100 B ■ 400-160 2137 2207 DGP SO — 3-38 3410 27-15 N 100 H 0-5 2137 2207 60 — 2-94 34-10 27-19 — — — — — 7-00 80 — 2-66 34-10 27-22 100 — 2-38 34-08 27-23 — — — — — 7-00 150 — 1-97 34-07 27-25 — — — — — 6-95 200 — 1-70 34-07 27-27 — — — — — 6-87 300 — 1-73 34-12 27-31 — — — — — 6-IO 400 — 2-30 34-22 27-34 — — — — — S-36 600 — 2-47 34-44 27-51 — — — — — 4-18 800 — 2-37 34-54 27-60 — — — — — 3-88 1000 — 2-24 3459 27-65 — — — — — 3-79 1500 — 1-98 34-72 27-77 — — — — — 3-60 2000 — I-7S 34-74 27-81 — — — — — 395 2500 — i-i8 34-74 27-85 — — 4-03 1026 20 0 4-60 34-04 26-98 — — — — — 7-17 N70 V 1000-710 0834 10 — 4-62 34-04 26-98 — — — — — — „ 750-0 20 — 4-62 34-04 26-98 — — — — — 7-18 .. 750-500 30 — 4-62 34-04 26-98 — — — — — — .. 500-230 40 — 4-62 34-05 2699 — — — — — 7-14 »> 250-100 50 — 4-64 34-05 2698 — — — — — — >» 100-50 60 — 4-29 34-09 27-05 — — — — — 6-95 j> 50-0 80 — 3-10 34-13 27-20 — — — — — — N 50 V 1 00-0 — 1030 100 — 3-OI 34-13 27-21 — — — — — 6-72 N70B ■ 98-0 1047 1 107 KT ISO — 2-68 34-13 27-24 — — — — — 6-65 N 100 B j 200 — 2-45 34-13 27-26 — — — — — 6-46 N70 B 1 285-130 1047 III7 DGP 300 — 1-86 34-13 27-30 — — — — — 624 N 100 B 400 — 2-40 34-23 27-35 — — — — — 5-26 N 100 H o-S 1049 HI9 600 — 2-46 34-41 27-48 — — — — — 4-21 800 — 2-30 34-51 27-58 — — — — — 3-88 1000 — 2-26 34-6i 27-67 — — — — — 3-66 1500 — 2-07 34-72 27-76 — — — — — 3 93 2000 — 2-19 34-74 27-77 — — — — — 4-32 2500 — 1-43 34-73 27-82 — — — — 4-05 1027 20 0 363 33-95 27-01 — — — — — 7-31 N50 V 1 00-0 2005 2013 lO — 3-70 33-96 27-01 — — — — — — N 70 B N 100 B N70B • I 00-0 3139 2159 Depth estimated 20 — 3-71 33-96 27-01 — — — — — 7-31 30 — 3-46 33-96 27-04 — — — — — — • 300-125 2139 2209 DGP 40 50 60 — 3-40 311 2-20 3396 3396 3396 27-04 27-07 27-15 — — — — — 7-35 7-40 N 100 B N 100 H CPR 1 J 0-5 2140 2220 2210 80 — l-IO 33-96 27-23 100 — 0-69 33-94 27-23 "" 7-45 159 1027—1030 R.R.S. Discovery II 1027 cont. 1028 Position 51° 19-8' S, 44° 40-8' W 1932 18 xi 52° 55-2' S, 44° 38-2' W 1029 1030 54° 20-7' S, 44° 35-8' W 55° 43-4' S, 44° 31-4' W 19 XI 19 XI Sounding (metres) 0830 0830 2423' Direction WNW 3599' 3740* Force (knots) WxN SxW 16 SEA Direction WNW Force WxN SxW Weather od Air Temp. '^ C. 9829 Dry bulb Wet bulb 33 9914 2-4 29 mod. W swell 23 mod. conf. W swell 06 -0-5 mod. conf. SW swell 160 R.R.S. Discovery II 1027—1030 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station moon (days) Depth metres) SI Temp. "C. S 7oo at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N. Nitrite N. Si 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 1027 20 150 069 34-04 27-31 — . — — — 7-39 cont. 200 300 400 — 065 I -60 2-OS 34-os 34-24 34-36 27-32 27-42 27-48 — — — — E 6-74 5-38 4-65 600 — 2-19 34-So 27-57 — — — — 3-96 800 — 2-14 34-62 27-69 — — — — 3-79 1000 — 209 34-64 27-70 — — — — 3-79 1500 — 2-IO 34-6S 27-70 — — — — 3-44 2000 — 1-48 34-74 27-83 — — — 3-81 2500 — 0-97 34-73 27-85 — ~ ~ ~~ 4-06 1028 21 0 2-40 33-99 27-16 — — — — — 7-31 N70 V 1000-735 0835 10 — 2 40 33-99 27-16 — — — — 750-490 20 — 2-38 33-99 27-16 — — — 7-30 500-250 30 — 2-33 33-99 27-17 — — — — 250-100 40 — 229 33-99 27-17 — - — — — 7-33 100-50 50 — 2-20 33-99 27-18 — — — — — 50-0 60 — 2-IO 33-99 27-18 — — — — 7-30 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 09S3 80 100 — 1-70 1-39 34-03 34-03 27-24 27-27 — — — — 7-05 N 70B N 100 B / 119-0 IO15 103s KT ISO 200 — I-S9 1-43 34-08 34-09 27-29 27-30 — — — — 6-59 6-20 N 70 B N 100 B / 330-135 IO15 1045 DGP 290 — I-9S 34-27 27-41 — — 5 06 N 100 H o-S 1020 1050 390 — 2-Si 34-39 27-47 — 4-34 s8o — 2-21 34-S2 27-59 — — — — 3-83 780 — 215 34-60 27-66 — — — — 3-65 970 — 2-05 34-66 27-72 — — — — 3-74 1460 — i-6i 34-73 27-81 — — — — 3-83 1950 I9S2 116 34-73 27-84 — — ~ 4-06 1029 21 0 — 1-44 33-91 27-16 — — — — — 7-55 N50V 1 00-0 2007 2014 10 — 1-40 33-92 27-18 — — — — N 70 B • I 00-0 2158 2218 KT 20 — 1-30 33-93 27-18 — — 7-60 N 100 B \ 30 — 1-22 33-93 27-19 — — — — N 70 B ! 300-150 2158 2228 DGP 40 — I-20 33-93 27-19 — — — — 7-54 N 100 B so — IIO 33-93 27-20 — — — — — NiooH 0-5 2158 2228 60 — 0-90 33-93 27-21 — — — — ■ 7-53 80 — 041 33-94 27-25 100 — 0-09 33-94 27-27 — — — 7-37 ISO — 119 34-09 27-32 — — — — 6- 1 1 200 — i-SS 34-20 27-38 — — — 5-41 300 — 1-90 34-37 27-50 — — — 4-58 400 — 2-00 34-43 27-54 — — — — 4-20 590 — 2-12 34-56 27-63 — — — — 3-8s 790 — 2-03 34-65 27-71 — — — — 3-87 990 — 1-89 34-70 27-77 — — — — 3-89 1480 — I-6l 34-73 27-81 — — — — 3-99 1880 — 1-20 34-73 27-84 — — — — 402 23SO — 086 34-72 27-85 — — — — 4-30 2820 2822 0-63 34-71 27-86 — — ~ 4-26 1030 22 0 1-74 33-94 27-16 — — — — 7-34 N70 V 1000-720 0830 10 — 1-70 33-96 27-18 — — — — — »> 750-500 20 — I -70 33-96 27-18 — — — — 7-35 j> 500-250 30 — 1-68 33-96 27-19 — — — — — ») 250-100 40 — 1-63 33-96 27-19 — — — — 7-35 »> 100-50 50 — I -60 33-97 27-20 — — — — .. 50-0 60 — I-S9 33-97 27-20 — — — — 7-28 N 50 V 1 00-0 — ' 1005 80 — I-S9 34-01 27-23 — — — — — N 70 B \ 126-0 1025 1045 KT 100 ■ -36 34-02 27-26 — — — — 7-20 N 100 B ISO 200 — 0-36 1-54 34-06 34-22 27-35 27-40 — — — — 6-68 5 -47 N70B N 100 B 1 340-135 1025 1056 DGP 300 — 200 34-34 27-47 — — — • — 4-56 400 — 2-20 34-43 27-52 — — — 4-30 3-69 3-8i 3-82 590 — 2-20 34-56 27-62 — — — 790 — 2-07 34-65 27-70 — — — 990 ~ 1-94 34-70 27-76 161 1030—1034 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 1030 cotit. 1031 1032 1033 1034 Position 55° 43-4' S, 44° 31-4' W 56° 56-4' S, 44° 323' W 58° 29' S, 44° 34-4' W 59° 38-2' S, 44° 30-8' W 60° 57-6' S, 44° 39-8' W 1932 20 xi 24 XI 0830 2005 1138 Sounding (metres) 3548* 2890* 3062* 232" WIND Direction wsw NW NxE ESE Force (knots) 15 17 SEA WSW NW NxE ESE Force Weather Og 2 i2 0 = 9950 989-2 9803 9675 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 0-3 -0-6 Wet bulb ■0-9 -0-6 Remarks mod. WSW swell mod. conf. W swell low conf. W swell mod. conf. S swell 162 R.R.S. Discovery II 1030—1034 Station Age of moon llVDROLOCacAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Mg. — atom m.' 0, c.c. litre TIME (days) ( Depth metres) Temp. °C. S °'',., at pH P Nitrate Nitrite Mitrite N. Si Gear Depth (metres) From To Nj 1030 22 1480 I -60 34-73 27-81 — — — 4-01 cont. 1970 — I-IS 34-73 27-84 — — — — 4-24 2460 — 076 34-71 27-86 — — — — 4-34 2960 2958 046 34-70 27-86 — — — — 4-47 1031 22 0 — 0-22 34-05 27-35 — — — — — 7-81 N50 V 1 00-0 2010 2017 10 — 0-2I 3405 27-35 — — — — N70B f 149-0 2153 2213 KT 20 — 0-19 34-05 27-35 — — — — 7-82 N 100 B ^ 30 — o-i6 34-05 27-35 — — — — — N70B N 100 B f 370-104 2153 2223 DGP 40 — O-II 34-05 27-35 — — — — 7-79 5° — o-oi 34-05 27-36 — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2154 2244 60 — -003 34-05 27-36 — — — — 7-66 80 — — 0-07 34-05 27-36 100 — -0-09 34-05 27-37 — — — — 7-60 150 — -039 34-14 2746 — — — — 7-03 200 — 0-07 34-29 27-55 — — — — 6-16 300 — 0-91 34-47 27-65 — — • — — — 4-73 400 — 0-46 34-48 2769 — — — — 5-18 600 — 1-22 34-65 27-77 — — — — 4-40 800 — 1-51 34-72 27-81 — — — — 4-21 1000 — 1-47 34-73 27-82 — — — — 419 1500 — 0-95 34-71 27-84 — — — — 4-20 2000 — 0-56 34-70 27-86 — — — — 4-53 2500 — 0-33 34-69 27-85 — — — — 4-54 3000 — oil 34-68 27-86 — — — — 4-51 1032 23 0 — 0-20 34-11 27-40 — — — — 7-63 N70 V 1000-750 0840 10 — 0-19 34-11 27-40 — — — — — »» 750-500 20 — O-II 34-11 27-40 — — — — 7-67 >. 500-250 30 — 0-07 34-11 27-41 — — — — — .. 250-100 40 — -O-OI 34-11 27-41 — — — — 7 60 » 100-50 5° — — O-OI 34-11 27-41 — — — — — .. 50-0 60 — — O-II 34-13 27-43 — — — — 7-52 N50 V 1 00-0 — mS 80 — -0-31 34-16 27-47 — — — — — N 70 B 1 107-0 II58 1218 KT 100 — -0-38 34-22 27-51 — — — — 6-90 N 100 B 150 — -0-38 34-37 27-64 — — — — 611 N70B !■ 284-96 I 158 1228 DGP 200 — o-o8 34-46 27-69 — — — — 5-44 N 100 B 300 — 0-60 34-56 27-74 — — — — — 4-86 N 100 H 0-5 II58 1229 400 — I-IO 34-65 27-77 — — — — 4-61 600 — 1-04 34-70 27-83 — — — — 4-45 800 — I-2I 34-74 27-85 — — — — 4-18 1000 — I-OO 34-73 27-85 — — — — 4-13 1500 — 0-54 34-71 27-87 — — — — 4-51 2000 — o-i8 34-69 27-86 — — — — 4-52 2500 — — O-OI 34-68 27-87 — — — — 4-66 1033 23 0 019 34-09 27-38 — — — — 7-71 N50 V 1 00-0 2007 2015 10 — O-II 34-10 27-39 — — — — — N 70 B } 113-0 2318 2338 KT 20 — 0-09 34-10 27-40 — — — — 7-70 N 100 B N70 B N 100 B /DGP. Lower depth ( estimated 30 40 z 0-07 — O-II 34-11 34-11 27-41 27-42 z — 7-37 ■ 270-100 2318 2348 5° — -0-23 34-14 27-45 — — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2319 2349 60 — — 0-29 34-16 27-46 — — — — 7-12 80 — -0-31 34-18 27-49 100 — o-o8 34-22 27-49 — — — — 7-03 150 — 1-66 34-49 27-61 — — — — 4-25 200 — 1-77 34-56 2766 — — — — 4-02 300 — 1-50 34-62 27-74 — — — — 4-19 400 — 1-80 34-64 27-72 — — — — 4-13 600 — 1-46 34-70 27-80 — — — — 4-19 800 — 1-15 34-74 27-85 — — — — 4-21 1500 — 0-52 34-69 27-84 — — — — 4-36 2000 — 0-27 34-68 27-86 — — — — 450 2500 — 0-04 34-67 27-86 — — — — 4-54 1034 26 0 -I-I9 34-28 2760 — — — 7-61 N70 V 200-100 1 140 10 — -1-19 34-23 27-56 ■ ~ ~ " 100-50 - 163 1034—1038 R.R.S, Discovery II Station 1034 cont. 1035 6o° 57-6' S, 44° 398' W 6i° 56-2' S, 44° 44-2' W Date 1932 24 xi Hour 24 XI 1036 1037 1038 61° 52-3' S, 42° 23-1' w 61° 32-5' S, 40° 49-8' W 61° 39-4' S, 40° 00-3' W 25 XI 25 XI 25 XI Sounding (metres) 2030 429* 0820 1600 2044 779" Direction ESE Force (knots) SExS 3410 Lt airs 18 Direction ESE SExS Force Weather 9793 987-8 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 1-6 ■3-2 990-2 9921 -3-0 -S-o Wet bulb -4-0 -3-9 Remarks mod . conf . E x N swell mod. conf. NE swell low NE swell — 5-1 low conf. E swell 164 R.R.S. Discovery II 1034—1038 Station Age ot IIVDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOCilCAL OBSERVA-noNS Mg. — atom m.^ ■I'lME (days) Depth ^i Temp. pH Nitrate O; Depth Remarks (metres) i| ° C. S '/co at P + Nitrite c.c. (Jear (metres) Nitrite N. N, Si litre From To 1034 26 20 — I-2I 34-28 2760 — — — 7-59 N70 V 50-0 cont. 30 — — I-2I 34-28 27-60 — — — — N50 V 100-0 1214 40 — -1-27 34-28 27-60 — — — 7-53 N70B J 165-0 50 — -1-25 34-28 27-60 — — — N 100 B 1220 1240 KT 60 — -I 30 34-30 27-61 — — — 7-46 80 — -I-31 34-30 27-61 100 — -1-32 34-30 27-61 150 — • -1-25 34-31 27-62 — — — 7-11 200 — -0-72 34-44 27-71 — 6-05 1035 26 0 — - I-2I 34-31 27-62 — — — 7-46 Nso V 1 00-0 2120 2127 Among drift ice 10 — — 1-21 34-31 27-62 — — — — N70B 1 20 — — 1-21 34-31 27-62 — — — — — 7-47 N 100 B ■ 100-0 2219 2239 KT 30 — — I-2I 34-31 27-62 — — — — N70B 1 40 — — I-2I 34-31 27-62 — — — — — 7-45 N 100 B |- 274-116 2219 2249 DGP 50 — - I-2I 34-31 27-62 — — — — NiooH 0-5 2220 2250 60 — — I-2I 34-31 27-62 — — — 7-45 80 — -1-37 34-37 27-68 100 — -1-43 34-39 27-70 — — 7-05 150 — -1-51 34-39 27-70 — — 6-98 200 — — i-i I 34-47 27-75 — — — 6-07 300 — -0-51 34-58 27-82 — — 5-22 400 — — 0-2I 34-65 27-85 — — — 4-86 1036 27 0 — -I-41 34-29 27-61 — — — 7-74 N70 V 700-500 0830 Among drift ice. 10 — -1-44 34-30 27-62 — — — — 500-250 Ship shifted during 20 — -1-48 34-30 27-62 — — — 7-66 ,, 250-100 station to avoid ice 30 — -1-49 34-30 27-62 — — • — ,, 100-50 40 — -1-50 34-30 27-62 — — — 7-60 ,, 50-0 50 — -1-50 34-30 27-62 — — — N 50 V 1 00-0 — 0955 60 — -1-58 34-30 27-62 — — — 7-26 N70B 1 KT 80 — -1-53 34-35 27-67 — — — N 100 B )■ 99-0 1012 1032 100 150 Z -1-56 -1-24 34-37 34-44 27-68 27-73 ■ ■ — 6-82 6-23 N70 B N 100 B I 258-120 I0I2 1042 DGP 200 — -0-80 34-54 27-80 — — — 5-46 NiooH 0-5 IOI4 1044 300 — -0-34 34-62 27-85 — — — 510 400 — — 001 34-65 27-84 — — 4-95 600 — -o-i8 34-65 27-85 — — ■ — 4-83 700 — — 0-19 34-65 27-85 — — — 4-78 1037 27 0 -i-i8 34-42 27-70 N50 V N70B N 100 B NiooH 1 00-0 [ 148-0 0-5 1605 1623 1620 1613 1643 1650 KT 1038 27 0 — -1-31 34-29 27-60 — — — 7-54 N50 V 1 00-0 2050 2100 10 20 — I-2I - I-2I 34-33 34-38 27-63 27-68 z z z 7-61 N 70B N 100 B J- 151-0 2227 2247 KT 30 40 — -1-23 — 1-22 34-38 34-38 27-68 27-68 — — z 7-47 N70B N 100 B I 375-110 2227 2257 DGP 50 — — I-2I 34-38 27-68 — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2228 2258 Station worked in 60 — — I-2I 34-38 27-68 — — — — 7-45 light brash near 80 — — I-2I 34-39 2769 edge of heavy pack- 100 — -I-4I 34-39 27-70 — — — — 6-90 ice 150 — -0-82 34-53 27-79 — — — — 5-65 200 — -0-24 34-64 27-85 — — — — 490 300 — 0-09 34-65 27-84 — — — — 464 400 — 0-2S 34-66 27-84 — — — — 4-55 600 — 040 34-68 27-85 — — — — 4-37 800 — 0-33 34-68 27-85 — — — — 4-43 1000 — 0-23 34-67 27-85 — — — — 4-39 1500 — o-oi 34-67 2786 — — — — 4-66 2000 — — 0-19 34-66 27-86 — — — — 4-70 2500 — -0-39 34-66 27-87 — — — — 4-91 3000 -0-54 34-66 27-88 S-io 165 1039—1043 R.R.S. Discovery II 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 6i° 29-9' S, 37 14-5' W 60° 50-4' S, 37° 06-3' w 60° 31-3' S, 36" 19-5' w 60° 07-9' S, 34^^ 19' W 60° 13-8' S, 33° o6-i' W Date 1932 26 xi 26 xi 26 xi 27 XI 27 XI Hour 0S17 1600 0830 1600 Sounding (metres) 3692* 1737* 2055" WIND SW WNW WxN Lt W airs N Force (knots) 1-3 SKA Direction SW WNW WxN w N Weather csp bcz 0 = 9939 9968 997-8 998-7 992-2 Air Temp. ^ C. Drv- bulb -3-6 -31 -2-7 -0-6 Wet bulb -4-7 -3-6 ■3-2 -1-4 -1-4 mod. NNW swell low NW swell low NW swell low NW swell low NNW swell 166 R.R.S. Discovery 11 1039—1043 Station Age ol HVDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Mg. — atom m.' TIME (days) Depth metres) " 0 Temp. C. s° „„ 01 pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N, ■Si 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To Remarks 1039 28 0 10 — -099 — I 00 34-23 34-23 27-55 27-55 — — — — — 7-53 N70 V 1 000-760 750-500 0820 Near edge of astream of light ice 20 — — lOI 34-23 27-55 — 7-52 ,, 500-250 30 — — i-oi 34-23 27-ss — — ,, 250-100 40 — — 1-04 34-23 27-56 — 7-47 JJ 100-50 50 — -1-30 34-29 27-60 — — ,, 50-0 60 — -I-31 34-33 27-63 — 6-97 N50 V 1 00-0 0955 80 — -1-41 34-37 2768 — — N70 B 1 0 100 — -1-30 34-38 27-68 — — — — 663 N 100 B - 128-0 1027 1047 KT 150 200 — -0-52 — 0-90 34-48 34-49 27-74 27-75 z z z 5-67 5-47 N 70B N 100 B } 348-96 1027 1057 DGP 300 — — o-i I 34-63 27-84 — — — 4-78 N 100 H 0-5 1028 1 05 8 400 — 026 34-65 27-83 — — — 4-52 600 — 0-44 3469 27-85 — — — 4-36 800 — 0-42 34-69 27-85 — — — 4-32 1000 — 031 34-68 27-85 — — — 4-30 1500 — O-I 2 34-67 27-85 — — — 4-53 2000 — — 009 34-66 27-86 — — — 459 2500 -0-28 34-66 27-87 — — — — — 4-85 3000 — -0-49 34-66 27-87 ■ — — — — 5-05 1040 28 0 -i-i8 34-17 27-51 N50 V N70B N 100 B NiooH 1 00-0 1 137-0 0-5 1604 1617 1614 161 1 1637 1644 [KT. Infrequent - streams of light ice 1 to be seen 1041 28 0 -1-05 34-11 27-46 — — — 7-31 N50 V 1 00-0 2003 2010 10 — -116 34-11 27-46 — — — — N70B } 84-0 2II0 2130 KT 20 — — 1-22 34-12 27-47 — — 7-24 N 100 B 30 — -1-28 34-13 27-47 — — — — N70B N 100 B > 250-100 2II0 2140 DGP 40 — -I-3I 34-14 27-49 — — — 7-23 5° — -1-33 34-16 27-50 — — — — — NiooH 0-5 2III 2141 60 — — 1-40 34-19 27-54 — — — 7-12 80 — -1-41 34-30 27-62 100 — — 0-91 34-40 27-68 — — — 6-01 150 — — 019 34-54 27-77 — — — 5-30 200 — 0-15 34-61 27-81 — — — 4-93 300 — 0-22 34-66 27-84 — — — 4-79 400 — 0-50 34-66 27-82 — — — 4-72 600 — 0-27 34-66 27-84 — — — 459 800 — 0-27 34-67 27-85 — — — 4-57 1000 — 0-27 34-67 27-85 — — — 4-42 1500 — 0-22 34-67 27-85 — — — 4-45 1042 29 0 -1-28 34-20 27-53 — — 7-15 N70 V 1000-750 0837 About 1 mile from 10 — -1-41 34-21 27-55 — — — — ,, 750-500 edge of pack-ice 20 — - 1-42 34-21 27-55 — — — 7-11 ,, 500-250 with numbers of 30 — -1-44 34-21 27-55 — — — — ,, 250-100 included bergs 40 — -1-49 34-21 27-55 — — — — 7-IO )• 100-50 50 — -I-51 34-22 27-55 — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — -1-52 34-27 27-60 — — — 6-85 N50 V 1 00-0 — 1015 80 — — 1-46 34-34 27-66 — — — — — — N70B i 82-0 1030 1050 KT 100 — — 1-22 34-39 27-69 — — — 6-23 N 100 B ) 150 — — 0-41 34-54 27-78 — — — — — 5-43 N70B ■ 250-100 1030 1 100 DGP 200 — 006 34-64 27-84 — — — 4-96 N 100 B 300 — 0-I7 34-66 27-84 — — — 4-76 400 — 029 34-66 27-83 — — — 4-65 600 — 0-27 34-66 27-84 — — — 4-52 800 — 0-28 34-67 27-84 — — — 4-48 1000 — 0-26 34-67 27-85 — — — 4-42 1500 — 010 34-67 27-85 — — — 4-57 1043 29 0 — -1-30 34-09 27-44 — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 )■ 157-0 1607 1612 N 70 B N 100 B 1617 1637 KT N 100 H 0-5 1615 1645 167 1044—1047 R.R.S. Discovery U Station Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Ere o = Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1044 60" 00-6' S, 32° 21-6' W 1932 27 xi 763* NxW 24 NxW 1045 58' 33' S, 27° 04-9' W 29 XI 083s 2827* WNW WNW 1046 58 o8-6'S, 26°S2i'W 29 XI 1600 2879* NWxW NWxW 1047 57= 26-9' S, 26° 093' w 30 XI 0230 2313* WNW WNW 9848 -0-6 -0-8 mod. NNW swell 991-7 mod. conf. NW x W swell -0-6 -0-6 mod. NW swell 985-4 mod. WNW swell 168 R.R.S. Discovery II 1044—1047 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 5I Mg. — atom m.^ TIME ("days") Depth li Temp. Nitrate 0, Depth Remarks (metres) °C. ^ ^/qo at pH P + Nitrite N. Nitrite N, Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To 1044 29 O lO — — I-2I — I-2I 34-05 34-05 27-41 27-41 — — — — — 7-82 N50V N70B 1 00-0 1 201 1 2018 20 — — I-2I 34-05 27-41 — ~ — — — 7-84 N 100 B ) 1 17-0 2108 2128 KT 3° 40 z — 1-22 -1-34 34-05 34-05 27-41 27-41 — — 7-S2 N70B N 100 B 296-0 296-100 2108 2138 DGP 50 — -1-48 34-09 27-45 — — — ■ N 100 H 0-5 2II0 2140 60 — -1-59 34-17 27-52 — — 7-03 N70B 225-96 2157 2227 DGP 80 — -I-S7 34-22 27-55 100 — — 1-46 34-28 27-61 — — 6-53 150 — -0-82 34-45 27-72 — — 5-74 200 — -0-31 34-56 27-79 — — S-15 300 — 008 34-64 27-84 — — 480 400 — 0-31 34-66 27-83 — — 4-72 600 — 0-18 34-66 27-84 — — 4-64 700 700 0-I9 34-66 27-84 — — 4-72 1045 I 0 — -1-44 34-06 27-43 — — — 7-IO N70 V 1000-750 0835 10 — -1-54 34-o8 27-45 — — — 750-500 20 — -1-61 34-o8 27-45 — — 7-08 500-250 30 — -1-66 34-08 27-45 — — — 250-100 40 — -1-68 34-08 27-45 — — 7-08 100-50 50 — -I-7I 3408 27-45 — — — 50-0 60 — -1-71 34-o8 27-45 — — 7-04 NsoV 1 00-0 — 1020 80 100 — -1-66 -1-62 34-13 34-31 27-48 27-63 z z z 6-34 N70B N 100 B f 1 00-0 1036 1056 KT 150 — — 0-64 34-48 27-74 — — — 5-44 N70B ,• 256-110 1036 II06 DGP 200 — — 0-04 34-61 27-82 4-94 N 100 B 300 — 0-38 34-65 27-82 — — — 4-66 N 100 H 0-5 1037 I 107 400 — 0-76 34-69 27-83 — — — 4-63 600 — 0-41 3469 27-85 — — — 4-46 800 — 0-34 34-69 27-85 — — — 4-46 1000 — • 029 34-69 27-85 — — — 4-44 1500 — 009 34-68 27-87 — — — 4-50 2000 — — 0-06 34-67 27-86 — — — 4-63 2500 — — 0-20 34-67 27-87 — — — — • 4-76 1046 2, 0 — — i-oi 34-00 27-36 — — — 7-57 N50 V 1 00-0 1609 1616 10 20 -I -20 -1-23 3402 3402 27-39 27-39 — — — 7-59 N70B N 100 B j 1 19-0 1736 1756 KT 30 — -I-3I 3403 27-40 — — — — N70B I 330-90 1736 1806 DGP 40 — -1-34 34-03 27-40 — — — 7-53 N 100 B 50 — -1-41 34-04 27-41 — — — — N 100 H 0-5 1736 1806 60 — -I-6l 34-21 27-55 — — — 6-78 80 — -1-41 34-31 27-63 100 — — 0-91 34-40 27-68 — — — 5-84 150 — 0-03 34-56 27-77 — — — 5-05 200 — 0-59 34-65 27-81 — — — 4-68 300 — 0-66 34-66 27-81 — — — 4-59 400 — 0-78 34-67 27-82 — — — 4-61 600 — 0-39 34-68 27-85 — — — 4-54 800 — 0-40 34-69 27-85 — — — 4-53 1000 — 0-32 34-69 27-85 — — — 4-48 1500 — o-io 34-68 27-86 — — — 4-56 2000 — — 009 3467 27-87 — — — 4-75 2500 — — 0-19 34-67 27-87 — — — 4-76 1047 2 0 10 — -0-93 -I 07 34-07 34-10 27-42 27-45 — — z — z 7-55 N50V N70 V 1 00-0 1000-770 0242 20 — — I-I I 34-10 27-45 — — — — 7-55 750-500 30 — -I-I5 34-10 27-45 — — — — — 500-250 40 — — 1-21 34-12 27-47 — — — — 7-50 250-100 50 — -1-38 34-15 27-51 — — — — — 100-50 60 — -1-51 34-19 27-54 — — — — 6-95 50-0 — 0425 80 — -i-6i 34-26 27-59 — — — — — N 70 B |- 84-0 0438 0458 KT 100 — -1-59 34-26 2759 — — — — 6-60 N 100 B 1 ^ 150 — -0-79 34-42 27-69 — — — — 5-69 N70 B 1 230-86 0438 0510 DGP 200 — 0-41 34-55 27-79 5-15 N 100 B 169 1047—1050 R.R.S. Discovery II 1047 cont. 1048 1049 Position 57° 26-9' S, 26° 093' W 56° 32-2' S, 27° 21-9' W 54° 49-7' S, 29° 35-4' W 1932 30 xi 30 XI 1050 53° 46-6' S, 31° 09-2' W 1600 Sounding (metres) 1515' 0830 7105' WIND Direction wsw ESE Force (knots) 10-15 SEA WSW ESE 4070* SSE Force SSE Weather 5 conf. osp E:2 0=; 9949 99 1 4 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 0-3 Wet bulb Remarks -0-6 987-9 -0-6 mod. conf. swell mod. conf. W swell heavy conf. NNW and ESE swells [70 R.R.S. Discovery II 1047—1050 Station 1047 cont. 1048 1049 Age of moon (days) HVDKOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 1050 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1400 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 ISO 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1480 1970 2470 2960 3450 Q ^ Temp. °C. IO16 1478 012 0-49 0-37 0-31 0-2I o-io -0-I2 -0-65 -069 -0-71 -0-77 -081 -0-82 -0-88 -0-91 -0-86 -0-S7 0-09 0-70 0-69 0-57 049 0-40 0-2I 0-09 004 -Oil -0-17 -0-22 -0-29 -0-34 -0-69 -099 -0-71 o-oo 0-62 0-67 079 0-55 0-42 0-22 0-05 — 0-09 — 0-20 001 — 0-14 — 0-21 — 0-2I — 0-22 — 0-24 — o-6o -i-i8 -115 0-22 0-91 I 20 1-53 1-04 0-84 o-6i 0-37 o-i8 — 001 — o-io -0-33 34-64 3466 34-66 34-66 34-67 34-67 34-66 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-09 34-15 34-23 34-37 34-53 34-65 34-65 34-66 34-68 34-69 34-68 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-06 34-06 34-05 34-09 34-11 34-48 34-65 34-67 34-70 34-70 34-70 34-69 34-68 34-67 34-66 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-05 34-12 34-20 34-46 34-59 34-67 34-72 34-72 34-70 34-70 34-69 34-68 34-67 34-66 34-66 pH 27-83 27-82 27-83 27-83 27-85 27-85 27-86 27-38 27-38 27-38 27-39 27-39 27-39 27-43 27-49 27-55 27-65 27-75 27-80 27-80 27-82 27-84 2785 27-86 27-36 27-36 27-37 27-37 27-37 27-38 27-39 27-39 27-43 27-44 27-71 27-81 27-82 27-84 27-86 27-86 27-86 27-87 27-87 27-86 27-35 27-36 27-36 27-36 27-36 27-36 27-39 27-47 27-53 27-68 27-75 27-79 27-80 27-84 27-84 27-85 27-85 27-86 27-86 27-86 27-87 Mg. — atom m.' Nitrate + Nitrite N3 Nitrite N, O, c.c. litre 4-72 4-62 4-48 4-34 4-69 4-75 7-71 7-71 7-68 7-51 6-60 6-o8 5-12 4-63 4-57 4-51 4-46 4-42 4-41 7-94 7-95 7-93 7-58 6-29 5-28 4-62 4-55 4-47 4-44 4-52 4-58 4-53 4-77 4-83 7-96 7-95 7-97 7-82 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 6-91 5-35 4-69 4-38 4-28 4-37 4-49 4-52 4-36 4-45 4-73 4-72 5-IO N 100 H N70 V N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B NiooH Depth (metres) 0-5 1000-770 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 1 00-0 j 1 19-0 j 340-140 0-5 TIME From N70 V N 50 V N70 B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N 100 H N50 V N 100 B N70B N 100 B N 100 H N70B CPR 1000-730 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 268-1 10 0-5 1 00-0 103-0 295-104 0-5 iio-o 0439 1605 1547 1547 1547 0511 1735 1607 1617 1617 0835 1042 1042 1043 2008 2212 2212 2213 2251 2320 Remarks KT DGP 1020 1 102 1112 1113 2020 2232 2242 2243 2311 KT DGP KT DGP DGP 171 1051—1054 R.R.S. Discovery 11 1051 1052 Position 52° 49-7' S, 32° 3S-6' W 52° lO-l' S, 33° 22-2' W 1053 1054 Si°o9-4'S, 34°35-3'W Date 1932 2 xii 3 xii Hour 0835 0800 50° 07-8' S, 35° 48-6' W 3 xii Sounding (metres) 2825' 1771' 5088* 1957 4908* WIND NWxW NW W Force (knots) SEA Direction NWxW NW W SSE 16 Force SSE Weather od od be E.-a OS 9967 994-1 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 1-7 2-3 9922 Wet bulb 2-5 996-1 1-6 Remarks mod. conf. WNW swell heavy WNW swell 2-3 mod. conf. WNW swell 0-6 heavy conf. W x N and SSE swells 172 R.R.S. Discovery II 1051—1054 Station Age of moon HVDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Mg. — atom m.^ O- TIME (days) ( Depth metres) 6§ Temp. ° C. S ° '„o al pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N. Si c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 1051 4 O 006 34-04 27-35 — — — 7-84 N70 V 1000-750 0833 lO — — 0-04 34-04 27-35 — — — — — .. 750-500 20 — — O'lO 34-04 27-36 — — — — 7-88 ,< 500-250 3° — — O-I I 34-04 27-36 — — — — — ,, 250-100 4° — -0-13 34-04 27-36 — — — — 7-85 ,, 100-50 5° — — 0-2I 34-05 27-37 — — — — — ,, 50-0 6o — — 0-22 34-05 27-37 — — — 7-81 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 1030 8o -0-S3 34-11 27-44 — — — — — N 100 B 84-0 1046 1 106 KT lOO — -050 34-19 27-50 — — — — — 6-42 N 100 B 330-1 10 I136 1206 DGP ISO — — 0-2I 34-34 27-61 — — — — 5-87 200 — 0-88 34-48 2766 — — — — 4-78 290 — 1-46 34-57 27-69 — — — — 4-31 390 — 1-70 34-65 27-73 — — — — 4-24 590 — 1-40 34-70 27-80 — — — — 4-16 780 — i-iS 34-70 27-82 — — — — 4-29 1470 — 0-87 34-70 27-84 — — — — 4-15 i960 — 0-27 34-69 27-86 — — — — 4-46 2450 2447 010 34-69 27-86 — — ^ 4-46 1052 5 0 _ I 00 33-95 27-22 — — — — 7-64 N50 V 1 00-0 2025 2035 10 — i-oo 33-95 27-22 — — — — — N70 B 1 133-0 2104 2124 KT 20 — 099 33-95 27-22 — — — 7-66 N 100 B 30 0-98 33-95 27-22 — — — — — N70B 338-130 2104 2134 DGP 40 090 33-95 27-23 — — — — 7-68 NiooH 0-5 2105 2135 DGP SO — 0-90 33-95 27-23 — — — — — N 100 B 340-100 2152 2222 60 — 089 33-95 27-23 — — — — 7-66 80 — 0-86 33-95 27-23 100 — 0-29 34-04 27-33 — — — — 7-09 ISO — 1-15 34-25 27-45 — — — — 5-33 200 — 1-72 34-41 27-54 — — — — 4-46 300 — 200 34-53 27-62 — — — — 3-99 400 — 2-20 34-62 27-68 — — — 3-89 590 — 206 34-70 27-75 — — — — 3-94 790 — I 96 34-72 27-77 — — — — 3-95 990 — I 84 34-73 27-79 — — — — 3-93 1480 1482 1-27 34-73 27-83 — — — — 4-06 1053 5 0 _ 2-IS 33-93 27-12 — — — — 7-46 N70 V 1000-785 0834 10 — 2-10 33-93 27-13 — — — — — 750-520 20 — 2-IO 33-93 27-13 — — — 7-48 500-250 30 — 2-09 33-93 27-13 — — — — — 250-100 40 — 2-07 33-94 27-14 — — — — 7-46 100-50 SO — 2-03 33-94 27-14 — — — — — 50-0 60 — 2-00 33-94 27-14 — — — — 7-42 N 50 V 1 00-0 1009 80 — 1-35 33-95 27-20 — — — — — N 70 B 1 00-0 I 100 1120 Depth estimated 100 — 0-78 33-99 27-28 — — — — 7-21 N 100 B 1 150 200 — 0-73 I 09 34-11 34-21 27-37 27-43 — z — z — 6-34 5-58 N 70 B N 100 B f 360-90 1 1 00 1130 DGP 300 — 1-77 34-40 27-53 — — — — — 4-47 N 100 H 0-5 IIOI 1131 400 — I 90 34-51 27-6: — — — — 4-02 S90 — 1-99 34-64 27-71 — — — — 3-90 3-96 790 — 2-OI 34-70 27-76 — — — — 990 — 201 34-73 27-78 — — — — 4-17 1480 — 1-49 34-73 27-82 — — — — 4-23 1980 — 096 34-70 27-83 — — — — — 4-11 2470 2468 0-58 34-68 27-84 — — — — — 4-26 2960 — 0-24 34-67 27-85 — — — 4-51 1054 6 0 291 33-92 27-06 — — — 7-43 N50 V 1 00-0 2006 2015 10 — 291 33-92 27-06 — — — — — — N 70 B 1 98-0 1 250-90 0-5 2226 2246 KT 20 — 291 33-92 27-06 — — — — — 7-44 N 100 B 30 — 2-91 33-92 27-06 — — — — — — N 70 B N 100 B N 100 H 2226 2256 DGP 40 50 — 2-88 2-85 33-92 3392 27-06 27-06 — — z — 7-37 2227 2257 60 — 2-8o 33-93 27-07 — — — — 7-35 80 — 2-00 33-95 27-15 100 — 068 34-01 27-29 ~~ 7-13 173 1054—1057 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 1054 cont. 1055 1056 1057 50° 07-8' S, 35' 48'6' W Date 1932 3 xii 49° 03-2' S, 37° i6-7' W so" 18' S, 37° 04-5' W 5i°ss'S, 36°5i-6'W 4 xii 0827 Sounding (metres) 4 Xll 5 XII 0830 5376* 5153" 3914' WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction WxN NW NW 15-20 16 WxN NW NW Force Weather 0= Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 39 Wet bulb 1-6 ioo8-2 IOIO-5 S-o 4-0 Remarks mod. conf. WSW swell 4-0 3-7 mod. NW swell mod. conf. W swell 174 R.R.S. Discovery II 1054—1057 Station Age of HVDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS > 2i Mg. — atom m.' TIME moon (days) Depth ■So Temp. pH Nitrate 0, Gear Depth Remarks metres) 1^ Q " °C. S °!r_.o Ot P + Nitrite N, Nitrite N: Si c.c. litre (metres) From To 1054 6 ISO _ 079 3410 27-36 — — — — 6-49 COIlt. 200 — I-19 34-19 27-41 — — — — 5-73 300 — 1-50 34-37 27-53 — — — — 469 400 — 2-l8 34-53 27-60 — — — — 4-04 590 — 2-o8 34-64 27-70 — — 3-89 790 — 2-00 34-66 27-72 — — — — 3-95 990 — 1-89 34-71 27-78 — — — — 3-96 1480 — 1-77 3476 27-82 — — — — 4-32 1980 1982 1-20 34-73 27-84 — — — — 4-36 2440 2443 0-82 34-72 27-85 — — — — 4-21 2930 — 0-47 34-70 27-86 — — — 434 3420 — 0-19 34-69 27-86 — — — — 4-34 3900 — o-o6 34-68 27-87 — — — — 4-63 4390 — 0-07 34-68 27-87 — — — — 4-52 1055 6 0 — 4-89 34-05 2696 — — — — 7-00 N70 V 1000-750 0835 10 — 4-81 34-05 26-96 — — — — 750-500 20 — 4-79 34-05 26-97 — — — — 7-03 ,. 500-250 30 — 4-77 34-05 26-97 — — — — — ,, 250-100 40 — 4-75 34-05 26-97 — — — — 7-OI ,, 100-80 50 — 4-74 34-05 26-97 — — — — — 1. 100-50 60 — 4-73 34-05 26-97 — — — 7-00 ,, 50-0 80 — 4-22 34-08 27-06 — — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 — IOI5 100 — 3-33 2-25 34-09 34-08 27-15 27-24 z — 6-99 6-98 N70B N 100 B ■ I2I-0 II4I I20I KT 200 — i-8o 34-06 2726 — — — — 6-84 6-22 N70B N 100 B j 298-134 I 141 121 I DGP 300 — I-7S 34-10 27-29 — — — 400 — 2-58 34-20 27-30 — — — — 5-i6 N 100 H 0-5 I 142 I2I2 600 — 2-28 34-38 27-48 — — — 4-09 800 — 2-26 34-54 27-61 — — — 3-81 1000 — 2-i8 34-63 27-68 — — — 3-75 1500 — 2-04 34-71 27-77 — — — — 4-07 2000 2026 2-07 34-79 27-82 — — — — 4-61 2480 2480 1-43 34-75 27-84 — — — — 4-07 2980 — 0-83 34-71 27-85 — — — — 4-30 3470 — 0-44 3469 27-85 — — — 4-16 3970 — 0-2I 34-68 27-86 — — — — 4-43 4460 — 0-14 34-68 27-86 — — — — 4-65 1056 7 0 — 4-31 34-03 27-01 — — — — 7-15 N 50 V 1 00-0 2008 2017 10 — 4-41 34-03 27-00 — — — — — N 70 B N 100 B / I 00-0 2139 2159 Depth estimated 20 — 4-41 34-03 27-00 — — — — 7-17 30 — 4-33 34-03 27-01 — — — — — N 70 B N 100 B ,■ 340-150 2139 2209 DGP 40 — 4-10 34-04 27-03 — — — — 7-09 ) 5° — 3-S9 34-05 27-09 — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2140 2210 60 — 3-02 34-05 27-15 — — — — 7-08 80 — 2-02 34-07 27-25 100 — 1-69 34-06 27-26 — — — — 696 150 — 1-52 34-06 27-28 — — — — 6-77 190 — 1-59 34-12 27-32 — — — 6-22 290 — 2-29 34-30 27-41 — — — — 496 380 — 2-51 34-38 27-46 — — — — 4-43 570 — 2-i6 34-53 27-61 — — — — 4-00 760 — 2-25 3463 27-68 — — — — 389 950 — 2-06 34-67 27-72 — — — — 3-75 1420 — 1-99 34-76 27-80 — — — — 4-21 1900 — 1-72 34-79 27-85 — — — — 4-32 2370 2366 IIO 34-74 27-85 — — — 4-26 2840 — 0-67 34-71 27-86 — — — — 4-24 1057 7 0 I -08 33-96 27-23 — — — — 7-78 N70 V 1000-780 0835 10 — 0-92 33-96 27-24 — — — — — " 750-530 20 — 0-80 33-96 27-24 — — — — 7-77 " 500-250 30 — 0-73 33-96 27-25 — — — — — i» 250-100 40 — 0-70 33-96 27-25 — — — — 7-73 .. 100-50 50 — o-6o 33-96 27-26 — — — — — ,> 50-0 60 — 051 33-96 27-26 ~ ~ 7-67 N50 V 1 00-0 1005 175 1057—1062 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 1057 cont. 1058 1059 1060 Position 51° 55' S, 36° 51-6' W 30 miles S 60° E of Jason I, South Georgia 53° 41-2' S, 37° 06-9' W 53° 23-4' S, 37" 12' W 1061 53° 01-5' S, 37° 15-7' W Date 1932 5 xii lO-II xii [019 [500 1850 2352 Sounding (metres) 1062 52" 41-3' S, 37°23-i'W 0505 144' 1262* 2776* WIND Lt airs SW SWxW WSW 1984* Force (knots) WxS 19 SEA Direction 176 SW SW WSW WxS Force Weather be be bc a 2 £.•2 983-2 991-2 9954 9990 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bull) 2-5 0-8 999-4 Wet bulb 1-6 0-7 -0-6 06 — 06 Remarks mod. conf. NNW swell mod. conf. W swell mod. SW swell mod. conf. WSW swell mod. conf. WSW swell R.R.S. Discovery 11 1057—1062 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Mg. — atom m.^ TIME (days) Depth li Temp. s °U, pH Nitrate 0. Depth Remarks (metres] °C. ut P ■+- Nitrite N2 Nitrite Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To 1057 7 8o 030 3397 27-28 N70 B 1 COIIt. lOO — — 0-24 34-05 27-37 — — — — — 7-19 N 100 B f 9I-0 1049 I log KT 150 — -0-03 34-24 27-52 — — — 5-97 N70B > Q 200 — 0-52 34-36 27-58 — — — — — 5-30 N 100 B |- 300-148 1049 1 1 19 DGP 300 — 1-52 34-56 27-68 — — — — 4-i8 N 100 H 0-5 1051 1 121 400 — 2-IO 34-64 27-70 — — — — 3-93 600 — 1-84 34-69 27-75 — — — — 3-89 800 — I-S6 34-70 27-79 — — — 4-03 990 992 1-40 34-73 27-82 — — — — 4-11 1490 — I 00 34-73 27-85 — — — — 4-26 1980 — 0-58 34-70 27-86 — — — — 4-50 2480 2481 0-3S 34-70 27-87 — — — 4-35 2980 — ois 34-69 27-86 — — — — 4-49 3470 — -003 34-68 27-87 — — — — 4-59 1058 12 0 140 33-77 27-05 — — — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 1013 1027 + I hour 1059 13 0 112 33-90 27-17 — — — 15-4 7-78 N50 V 1 00-0 1507 Stray on wire 10 — I-I2 33-90 27-17 — ■ — — 15-5 — N70 V 100-50 20 — IIO 33-90 27-18 — — — 15-4 7-74 ,, 50-0 — 1545 30 40 z lOI I 00 33-90 33-90 27-18 27-18 z z 14-9 14-9 7-62 N70B N 100 B / 135-0 1608 1625 KT 50 — 0-73 33-92 27-22 — — — 14-8 — N 100 H 0-5 1604 1634 60 — 0-41 33-95 27-26 — — 15-9 7-44 80 — — o-ii 33-98 27-32 — — — 20-3 100 — 039 34-05 27-34 — — — 22-1 6-98 1060 13 0 — 115 33-95 27-21 — — — lO-I 7-80 N70 V 1000-750 1855 10 — I-IO 3395 27-22 — — — lO-I — 750-500 20 — l-IO 33-95 27-22 — — — lO-I 7-84 500-260 30 — l-IO 33-95 27-22 — — — 9-1 — 250-100 40 — I-IO 33-95 27-22 — — — 8-0 7-8i 100-50 so — 1-09 33-95 27-22 — — — 8-7 — 50-0 60 — I -08 33-95 27-22 — — — 8-8 7-75 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2035 80 — 0-98 33-95 27-22 — — — — 8-8 — ■ N70B 1 00-0 2100 2120 KT 90 — 0-19 33-97 27-29 — — i6-7 7-31 N 100 B ) 140 — I -00 34-30 27-50 — — — 32-8 S-18 N70B i- 286—100 2100 2130 DGP 180 — I-4I 34-36 27-52 — — — 34-9 4-67 N 100 B 270 — I -68 34-47 27-59 — — — 42-9 4-30 N 100 H 0-5 2IOI 2131 360 — 1-89 34-51 27-61 — — — 47-1 4-07 540 — 1-95 34-64 27-71 — — — 50-3 3-74 720 — 1-89 34-70 27-77 — — — 58-0 3-76 900 899 1-79 34-73 27-79 — — — 58-0 3-85 1061 13 0 — 1-42 33-95 27-19 — — — 7-5 7-67 N70 V 1000-750 2358 10 — 1-40 33-95 27-20 — — — 5-9 — 750-500 20 — 1-40 33-95 27-20 — — — 61 7-64 500-250 30 — 1-40 33-95 27-20 — — — 6-4 — 250-100 40 — 1-39 33-95 27-20 — — — 5-2 7-63 100-50 50 — 1-33 33-95 27-20 — — — 5-4 — 50-0 60 — I-OI 33-94 27-21 — — — 5-6 7-70 N50 V 1 00-0 0150 80 — 0-39 33-94 27-25 — — — ii-o — N70B N 100 B 103-0 0207 0227 KT 100 — — o-oi 33-99 27-32 — — — 19-7 7-04 / ^ 150 — 0-39 34-21 27-47 — — — 32-S 5-88 N70B N 100 B , 250-100 0207 0237 Depth estimated 200 — 0-90 34-31 27-52 — — — 35-2 5-14 1 ^ 290 — I-6I 34-47 27-60 — — — 41-9 4-27 NiooH 0-5 0208 0238 390 — 1-83 34-57 27-66 — — — 47-7 3-96 580 — 191 34-65 27-72 — — — 55-S 3-89 780 — I-8I 34-66 27-73 — — — 52-4 3-91 970 — 1-68 34-72 27-79 — — — 54-7 3-97 1460 — 1-38 34-71 27-82 — — — 61-8 4-16 1940 — 0-94 34-70 27-83 — — — 7I-I 4-29 2430 2432 0-66 34-70 27-85 — — — 67-3 4-41 1062 13 0 — 1-21 33-94 27-20 — — — — 8-6 7-58 N70B N 100 B 1 93-0 0525 0545 KT 10 " 1-21 33-94 27-20 8-5 177 23 1062—1068 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather .^ Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Rpmirlf* Station moon (days) Depth metres) Temp. °C. S 'L_.., 01 pH P Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N. Si O: c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To XX^lllcU n9 N, 1062 13 20 — I-2I 3394 27-20 — — — 8-1 7-39 N 70 B N 100 B f 240-100 0525 0555 DGP cont. 30 — I -20 33-94 27-20 — — — 7-9 40 — I-20 33-94 27-20 — — — 7-8 7-57 N 100 H 0-5 0526 0556 50 — I -20 33-94 27-20 — — — 7-9 — N so V 1 00-0 0613 60 — 1-17 33-95 27-21 — — — 8-3 7-56 N70V 1000-790 80 — 0-49 33-96 27-26 — — — 14-9 — ,, 750-500 100 — 0-05 33-97 27-30 — — — 19-7 7-24 >, 500-250 150 — 0-59 34-22 27-46 — — — 33-1 5-67 „ 250-100 200 — 1-48 34-38 27-54 — — — 35-2 4-65 ,, 100-50 290 — 1-88 34-55 27-65 — — — 42-9 3-99 »> 50-0 0810 390 — 1-89 34-58 27-67 — — — 55-5 3-88 580 — I 89 34-68 27-75 — — — 53-1 3-8s 780 — 1-78 34-72 27-79 — — — 54-7 3-82 970 — 1-62 34-73 27-81 — — — 59-9 3-93 1460 1459 1-24 34-73 27-83 — — — 63-9 4-15 1063 14 0 I '90 34-04 27-23 Nso V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B NiooH 100-0 1 128-0 1 334-114 o-S 1208 I23I 1231 1232 1215 1251 1301 1302 KT DGP 1064 14 0 — 1-67 34-05 27-26 — " ' Nso V N70B N 100 B N70B 1 00-0 1 91-0 250-0 I71O 1733 |i733 1720 1753 1803 KT DGP N 100 B 250-92 N 100 H 0-5 1734 1804 1065 14 0 — 1-40 34-05 27-28 — — — — — — Nso V N70B 100-0 ■ 106-0 2135 2156 2140 2216 KT N 100 B N70B N 100 B ■ 290-80 2156 2226 DGP N 100 H 0-5 2156 2226 1066 14 0 300 — 2-20 I 90 34-30 27-44 — — — — 28-7 5-07 N70 B N 100 B 1 94-0 0228 0248 /KT. Temperature ^ from thermograph 400 2-12 34-40 27-50 39-2 4-42 N 70 B N 100 B N 100 H N70 V Nso V j- 276-105 0-5 ? 1 00-0 0228 0229 0309 0258 0259 0350 DGP Net touched bottom, bottom sample pre- served 1067 14 0 — I 80 33-95 27-17 — — — — 10-7 7-36 N70 V 1000-770 0530 10 — I -So 33-95 27-17 — — — 10-4 — .. 750-500 20 — I -80 33-95 27-17 — — — 10-4 7-33 >> 500-250 30 — I 80 3395 27-17 — — — 10-4 — X 250-100 40 — i-8o 33-95 27-17 — — — 10-5 7-33 " 100-50 5° :-8o 33-95 27-17 — — — 10-4 — ,, 50-0 0708 60 — 1-70 33-95 27-17 — — — — 10-5 7-36 Nso V 1 00-0 80 — 1-64 33-95 27-18 — — — 10-6 100 — 1-50 33-96 27-20 — — — 12-1 7-24 150 — o-8o 34-05 27-32 — — — 16-7 6-77 I go — i-io 34-13 27-36 — — — 21-4 6-11 290 — 1-90 34-32 27-46 — — — 33-6 4-67 380 — 2-00 34-42 27-52 — — — 41-3 4-25 570 — 2-09 34-57 27-64 — — — 52-7 3-66 770 — 2-o6 34-66 27-71 — — — 56-7 3-56 960 — 1-90 34-69 27-75 — — — 62-2 3-83 3-98 1440 1437 1-48 34-72 27-81 — — — 62-2 1068 14 0 _ 1-32 33-94 27-19 — — 8-7 7-48 N so V 100-0 0930 10 — 1-32 33-94 27-19 — — — 8-7 — N 70 V 250-100 20 30 — 1-31 130 33-94 33-94 27-19 27-19 — — — 8-7 8-7 7-49 " 100-50 50-0 — 1010 179 1068—1076 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 1068 cont. 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 Position S3° 53-6' S, 39° 33-4' W 53° s6-9' S. 39° o6-8' W 53° 59-3' S, 38° 34-2' W 54° 17-8' S, 37° 56-9' W 54° 37-6' S, 37° 20-5' W 54° 59-6' S, 36° 38-9' W 55°oi-i'S, 35°45'W S4°4i-i' S, 34° 58-1' W 54°24'S, 34°o7-i'W 1932 12 xii 13 Xll 13 Xll 13 Xll 13 Xll 13 Xll Hour 1319 1635 2150 0150 0605 0959 I415 1858 Sounding (metres) 195' 155' 232* 4238* Direction SWxW SWxS SWxS sw wsw wsw SWxW sw Force (knots) 16 26 16-20 SEA Direction SWxW SWxS SWxS SW wsw WSW SWxW sw Force Weather bcsp csp 4» « 1004-3 1004-6 csp be osp be Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 1-7 10060 1006-7 1007-4 1008-0 Wet bulb 0-3 1005-6 II o-i 1006-5 0-6 0-9 1-4 Remarks mod. sw swell heavy SW swell -0-3 mod. SW swell mod. SW swell mod. conf. SW swell mod. SW swell mod. SW swell mod. SW swell 180 R.R.S. Discovery II 1068—1076 Age of HYUROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS M fm a rW Q S'g Mg. — atom m.* TIME Station moon (days) ( Depth metres) re □1 Temp. ' C. s°/,. at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, ■Vitrite Si 0, C.C. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To IVCI 1 IdX Iv9 1068 14 4° 1-30 3394 27-19 — — — — 9-3 7 49 N70B N 100 B f 97-0 1038 1058 KT cont. SO — 1-29 3394 27-19 — — — — 9-7 — 6o — 123 3394 27-20 — — — — 8-9 7-47 N70B [- 250-120 1038 1 108 DGP 8o — 0-99 3394 27-21 — — — 12-2 — N 100 B lOO — 050 3396 27-26 — — — — 14-7 7-22 N 100 H 0-5 1039 I 109 ISO — 0-57 34-11 27-38 — — — — 25-6 6-18 200 — 0-41 34-17 27-44 — — — 31-6 5 -94 300 — I 49 34-42 27-56 — — — — 380 4-61 350 — 1-87 34-44 27-56 — — — — 387 4-21 1069 IS 0 — 1-41 33-93 27-18 — — — — 7-2 7-64 N70 V 100-50 1320 10 — 1-42 33-93 27-17 — — — — 7-2 — >> 50-0 20 — 1-38 33-93 27-18 — — — — 7-4 7-63 N so-V 1 00-0 — 1343 30 — I 40 33-93 27-18 — — — — 7-6 — N 70 B 1 I3S-0 1410 1430 KT 40 — 1-38 33-93 27-18 — — — — 7-6 7-61 N 100 B so — 1-37 33-93 27-18 — — — — 7-6 — NiooH 0-5 1406 1436 60 — 132 33-93 27-18 — — — — 8-5 7-56 80 — I-I2 33-9S 27-21 — — — — 9-2 100 — 1-23 33-94 27-20 — — — 8-7 7-54 150 — 0-07 34-07 27-38 — — — — 28-7 6-50 200 — 046 34-21 27-47 — — — — 33-1 S-84 1070 IS 0 _ I -60 33-9S 27-18 — — — — 60 7-71 N50 V 1 00-0 1640 10 — IS9 33-9S 27-18 — — — — 7-3 — N70 V 100-50 20 — 1-59 33-9S 27-18 — — — — 7-3 7-71 >> 50-0 — 165s 30 — 1-56 33-9S 27-18 — — — — 5-6 — N70B 1 123-0 1807 1827 KT 40 — 1-52 33-95 27-19 — — — 5-5 7-67 N 100 B 50 — I -20 33-9S 27-21 — — — — 90 — N 100 H 0-5 1803 1833 60 — IIS 33-96 27-22 — — — — 9-3 7-64 80 — o-8o 33-96 27-25 — — — — 13-4 100 — 0-38 33-96 27-27 — — — 20-4 7-06 ISO — 009 34-oS 27-36 — — — — 27-6 6-71 1071 IS 0 " I'SS 33-95 27-19 N50V N70B N 100 B N 100 H 1 00-0 106-0 o-S 2150 2210 2207 2200 2230 2237 KT 1072 IS 0 — 1-40 33-96 27-21 " ' N50 V N70B N 100 B N 100 H 1 00-0 , 120-0 o-S 0200 0217 0215 0209 0237 0245 KT 1073 IS 0 — 1-23 33-95 27-21 — — — " ^ N50 V N70 B N 100 B N 100 H 1 00-0 j 1 17-0 0-5 0610 0628 0625 0620 0648 0655 KT 1074 IS 0 — 131 33-87 27-14 — — — — " N50 V N70B N 100 B N 100 H 1 00-0 \ 1 12-0 o-S 1003 I02I IO18 IOI3 104I 1048 Great stray on KT wire 1075 i6 0 — I-I2 33-9S 27-21 — — ^ N50 V N70B N 100 B N 100 H 1 00-0 I 1 13-0 0-5 1415 143s 1433 1427 I4S5 1503 KT 1076 i6 0 I-IO 33-95 27-22 — — 8-4 7-65 N70V 1000-750 1907 10 — lOI 33-95 27-22 — — — 8-3 — .. 750-500 20 — 094 33-95 27-23 — — — 7-2 7-68 )» 500-250 30 — 0-91 33-95 27-23 — — — — 7-8 — >) 250-100 40 — 0-90 3395 27-23 — — — — 8-4 7-67 " 100-50 50 0-88 33-95 27-23 — — — — 7-4 — N 70 V 50-0 60 — 0-83 33-95 27-23 — — — — 8-6 7-66 N 50 V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 2035 80 — o-i8 33-95 27-27 — — — — 16-2 • IIO-O 2134 2154 KT 100 — — 0-24 34-04 27-34 — — ~ 21-9 7-0S 181 1076—1082 R.R.S. Discovery II 1076 cont. 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 Position 54° 24' S, 34" oyi' W 54^ 24' S, 34° 44-3' W 54° 24' S, 35° 22-9' W 54° 24' S, 35° 54-5' W 3 miles S 60° E of Jason I, South Georgia 3 miles S 60° E of Jason I, South Georgia 53° 44' S, 38° 309' W Date 1932 13 xii 14 Xll 14 XII 14 Xll 0013 0449 0835 Sounding (metres) 14 Xll 27 Xll 29 Xll 1 140 2663* 315' WIND Direction sw NE NxW Lt airs NWxW NW Force (knots) 23 SEA Direction NE NxW NWxW NW Force Weather be be ioo8-g 1007-4 1007-6 1007-4 977-9 985-5 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 0-5 0-6 14 3-6 Wet bulb -0-6 0-6 34 Remarks mod. SSW swell mod. conf. S swell low conf. swell low conf. swell mod. conf. W swell heavy conf. WSW and mod. conf. NW swells 182 R.R.S. Discovery II 1076—1082 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Mg. — atom m.^ TIME ^{allOll (days) Depth ■si Temp. pH Nitrate 0, Depth Remarks metres) ii °C S °/co at P + Nitrite N. Nitrite N, Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To 1076 l6 '5° 0-66 34-21 27-45 32-4 5-60 N 70B 1 cont. 200 — 1-43 3435 27-52 — — — — 38-0 4-67 N 100 B - 270-100 2134 2204 DGP 300 — 1-86 34-48 27-59 — — — — 48-7 4-10 N 100 H 0-5 2135 2205 390 — 2-20 34-56 27-62 — — — — 52-0 3-97 590 — 1-88 34-65 27-72 — — — 54-2 395 790 — 1-71 34-69 27-76 — — — — 55-8 4-01 980 — 1-68 34-71 27-79 — — — — 57-5 3-99 1475 1475 1-23 34-73 27-84 — — — — 67-8 4-27 1970 — 0-82 34-72 27-85 — — — 73-0 4-38 2460 — o-6i 34-71 27-87 — — — — 79-1 4-33 2950 — 0-38 34-70 27-87 — — — — 80-8 4-56 3440 — 0-23 34-69 27-86 — — — — 84-4 4-55 3930 — -0-39 34-67 27-88 — — — — 77-5 5-11 1077 i6 0 — I-IO 33-93 27-20 — — — — 4-9 7-64 N70 V 1000-790 0025 10 — 1-05 33-93 27-20 — — — — 4-7 — 750-500 20 — 1-02 33-93 27-20 — — — — 4-8 7-66 500-250 3° — I 00 33-93 27-20 — — — — 4-6 — 250-100 40 — 0-96 33-93 27-21 — — — — 5-2 7-63 100-50 50 — 0-92 33-93 27-21 — — — — 5-7 — 50-0 60 — 0-91 33-93 27-21 — — — — 5-7 7-64 N50 V 1 00-0 — 0200 80 — 0-70 33-94 27-23 — — — — 7-7 — N70B 1 82-0 0212 0232 KT 100 — 0-47 33-95 27-26 — — — — 11-3 7-45 N 100 B 150 190 — 0-38 1-48 34-o8 34-29 27-37 27-46 z z 23-6 38-7 6-43 4-95 N70B N 100 B 1 244-100 0212 0242 DGP 290 — 1-97 34-46 27-56 — — — — 42-2 4-17 N 100 H 0-5 0213 0243 390 — 1-91 34-51 27-61 — — — — 47-5 398 590 — 2-02 34-65 27-71 — — — — 52-7 3-76 790 — 1-93 34-68 27-74 — — — • — 55-8 3-75 980 — 178 34-71 27-79 — — — — 58-4 3-89 1480 — 1-39 34-73 27-82 — — — — 66-6 4-05 1970 1967 i-oo 34-72 27-84 " ~ ~ 73-0 4-25 [KT. Nansen Pet- 1078 i6 0 10 — 1-47 1-37 33-94 33-94 27-18 27-19 z 4-1 4-1 799 N70B N 100 B 1 157-0 0500 0520 tersson water bottle touched bottom at 20 — 1-35 33-94 27-19 — — — — 4-1 7-89 1^ 250 m. 30 — 1-24 33-94 27-20 — — — — 4-3 — N 100 H 0-5 0458 0528 40 — 1-12 33-94 27-20 — — — — 3-2 7-95 N70 V 100-50 0554 5° — 1-04 33-94 27-21 — — — — 3-8 — ,, 50-0 60 — 0-87 33-94 27-22 — — — — 6-5 7-66 N so V 1 00-0 — 0602 80 — 0-58 33-95 27-25 — — — — 10-2 100 — 0-37 33-96 27-27 — — — — 11-7 7-28 150 — 0-36 34-12 27-40 — — — — 23-4 6-32 200 — 063 34-20 27-45 — — — 33-0 5-74 250 — I -08 34-31 27-51 — — — — ■ 33-0 5-10 1079 i6 0 — 1-63 3369 26-97 — — — — 5-9 7-85 N70 V 100-50 0840 10 — 1-5° 33-69 2698 — — — — 5-7 — ,, 50-0 20 — 1-42 33-73 27-02 — — — — 5-5 7-79 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 0900 30 — 1-38 33-77 27-05 — — — — 5-3 — N 70 B 1 11-0 0910 0925 KT 40 — 1-32 33-77 27-05 — — — — 5-3 7-77 N 100 B 1 5° — 1-33 33-80 27-08 — — — — 5-3 60 — 1-34 33-83 27-11 — — — 6-3 7-69 80 — 123 33-83 27-12 — — — — 7-0 100 — 0-70 33-93 27-22 — — — 9-7 7-32 1080 17 0 — 2-12 33-86 27-06 — — — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 1 140 1147 1081 o 0 — 2-95 33-34 26-59 — — — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 1205 I213 1082 2 0 2-41 33-86 27-04 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N 100 H ) "3^ ■ 290-120 0-5 2056 2056 2104 2116 2126 2134 KT. + 3 hours DGP 183 1083—1090 R.R.S. Discovery U Positit Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather e| .\ir Temp. * C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1083 1084 54" 37-5' S, 4°° 35-9' W 55° 49-3' S, 41° 22-4' W 1932 30 xii 0900 30 Xll 3449* 1085 1086 1087 1088 57° 00' S, 41^ 53-9' w 57° 58-3' S, 42° 25-6' W 59° 05-6' S, 43° 02-8' W 60° i2-i' S, 44° 29-9' W 31 xn 31 Xll 1933 I i 0900 3181* 0900 5476* 1089 1090 Crutchley I and Powell 1, South Orkney Is Fredriksen I and Holmen Gras (rocky islet south of Crutchley I), South Orkney Is WxN 24 WxN WxS WxS SWxW WxS wsw 22-27 33 SWxW WxS WSW SE 16 SE oqp osq osp 964-1 3-8 7 heavy WxN swell 964-4 1-7 964-4 965-1 963-0 967- •0-7 o-S 0-5 0-3 -0-3 3 1 4 1 heavy conf. WSW and W swells heavy conf. SW swell heavy conf. SW swell heavy conf. WSW swell heavy conf. W swell 184 R.R,S. Discovery 11 1083—1090 Station Age of moon (days) ( HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth metres) u Temp. s °l„ at pH Mg. — atom m.^ 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N. Si From To 1083 3 O — 318 34-05 27-13 — ' N70B N 100 B N70 B N 100 B N 100 H [ 125-0 • 250-100 0-5 0919 0919 0917 0939 0949 0947 KT Depth estimated 1084 3 o _ 1-93 3395 2716 — — — 7-41 N50 V 1 00-0 2008 2018 lO — 1-90 3395 2716 — — — — N70B N 100 B j 1 19-0 2154 2214 KT 20 — I 90 33-95 27-16 — — — 7-43 3° — 1-90 33-95 27-16 — — — N 70 B ■ 280-100 2154 2224 DGP 4° — I -So 33-95 27-17 — — — 7-43 N 100 B 5° — 1-51 33-95 27-19 — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2156 2226 6o — 031 33-96 27-27 — — 7-42 8o — o-io 34-04 27-34 lOO — 0-50 34-11 27-38 — — — 6-32 ISO — 119 34-24 27-45 — — — 5-49 200 — i-6i 34-32 27-48 — — — 4-80 290 — I -96 34-48 27-58 — — — 4-17 390 — 2-15 34-53 27-61 — — — 4-II 590 — 2-05 34-65 27-71 — — — 3-93 780 — I -95 34-66 27-72 — — — 3-97 980 — 1-79 34-72 27-78 — — — 4-09 1470 — ■ 1-31 34-74 27-84 — — — 4-23 1970 — 0-82 34-70 27-84 — — — 4-45 2460 — 0-49 34-70 27-86 — — — 4-53 2960 2957 0-29 34-69 27-85 — — — 4-70 1085 4 0 — 2-26 3396 27-14 — — — N 100 B N 100 B 146-0 250-125 0918 0918 0938 0948 KT DGP. Lower depth estimated 1086 4 0 093 34-23 27-46 _ — N 100 B 128-0 2040 2100 KT DGP N 100 B 320-100 2040 2II0 1087 5 0 0-75 34-32 27-54 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 i34-« 1 350-110 0924 0924 0944 0954 KT DGP 1088 5 0 0-40 34-24 27-50 — — — 7-58 N50 V 1 00-0 2007 2016 10 — 036 34-25 27-50 — — N 70 B • 1 00-0 2149 2209 KT 20 — 0-20 34-30 27-55 — — — 7-62 N 100 B N70B 30 — 0-19 34-30 27-55 — — — 1 260-120 2149 2219 DGP 40 — o-i8 34-30 27-55 — — — 7-6i N 100 B 50 — 0-17 34-30 27-55 — — — — — — N 100 H 0-5 2149 2219 60 — o-is 34-30 27-55 — — — 7-60 80 — -0-58 34-34 27-63 100 — -0-73 34-36 27-64 — — — 6-80 150 — -0-71 34-43 27-70 — — — 6-35 200 — -039 34-47 27-72 — — — " 5-74 300 — 010 34-55 27-76 — — — 5-23 400 — 0-73 34-63 27-79 — — — 4-88 59° — 0-58 34-67 27-83 — — — 4-75 790 — 029 34-66 27-83 — — — 4-66 990 — 0-38 34-67 27-84 — — — 4-64 1480 — o-i8 34-68 27-86 — — — 4-72 1980 — 003 34-66 27-85 — — — 4-81 2470 — — 009 34-66 27-86 — — — 4-84 2970 2969 — 0-20 34-65 27-85 — — — 5-07 1089 — — — — — — — — — — — — Sh. coU. 1090 — — — — " Sh. coU. 185 24 1091—1099 R.R.S. Discovery 11 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 Position 1097 1098 Governen I, Sandifjord Bay, South Orkney Is Signy I, South Orkney Is South coast of Coronation I opposite Borge Bay, Signy I, South Orkney Is Inaccessible Is, South Orkney Is Whitton Bay, Laurie I, South Orkney Is 6i°02-2' S, 48° 27-1' W Date 61° 39-9' S, 50° 278' W 61° 42-8' S, 53° 41-3' W 1099 62° 15-5' S, 53° 41-4' w 1933 9 i 18 i 19 i 25 i 26-28 i 301 Hour 31 1 Sounding (metres) WIND 0900 0800 2833* 324" 872* Var. NW-SW Force (knots) SEA Direction NWxW SSW Force Weather O Lt snow E.-e 9733 SSW bv Air Temp. ' C. Dry bulb 1-3 Wet bulb 1-5 Remarks mod. NW X W swell 983-4 9900 9911 -5-t -4-1 -2-5 -6-8 -4-6 -3-1 mod. WSW swell low conf. swell no swell 186 R.R.S. Discovery 11 1091—1099 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks ^z Mg. — atom m.^ TIME (days) Depth 6i Temp. Nitrate 0, Gear Depth (metres) a? °C. S °/co at pH P + Nitrite N, Nitrite N, Si c.c. litre (metres) From To 1091 — — — — — — — — — — — — Sh. coU. 1092 — — — — — — — — — — Sh. coll. 1093 — — — — — — — — — — — Sh. coll. 1094 — — — — — — — — — — — — Sh. coU. 1095 — — — — — — — — — — — — Sh. coll. 1096 s O _ 0-S9 34-19 27-45 — — — 7-69 N70V 1000-740 2005 lO — 059 34-19 27-45 — — — — 750-500 Bad stray on wire 20 — 061 34-19 27-45 — — — — 7-70 500-250 3° — 0-61 34-19 27-45 — — — — 250-100 Bad stray on wire 40 — o-SS 3419 27-45 — — — — 7-71 100-50 )» »» »» )» so — 0-46 34-21 27-47 — — — — 50-0 60 — 043 34-36 27-59 — — — — 7-72 N50V 1 00-0 — 2205 Bad stray on wire 80 100 — 0-10 — 0-62 34-41 3444 27-64 27-71 — — 7-31 N70B N 100 B |- 98-0 2243 2303 KT 150 — lOI 34-48 27-76 — — — — 6-92 N70 B 1 fDGP. Lower depth 200 — -0-94 34-50 27-76 — — — — — 646 N 100 B J 250-140 2243 2313 t estimated 300 — — 0-2I 3463 27-84 — — — — 5-11 NiooH 0-5 2244 2314 400 — 0-13 34-66 27-84 — — — — 4-76 600 — 031 34-67 27-84 — — ■ — — 4-67 790 — 0-22 34-67 27-85 — — — — 4-65 990 — 0-I2 3467 27-85 — — — — 4-76 1490 — -0-18 34-66 27-86 — — — — 501 1980 — -0-33 34-66 27-87 — — — — 5-IO 2480 2480 — 0-50 34-66 27-88 — — — — 5-33 1097 s 0 — I-I I 33-69 27-12 N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N 100 H 1 00-0 j I 19-0 280-124 0-5 0905 0931 0931 0932 0912 0951 lOOI 1002 At edge of loose pack- ice KT DGP 1098 6 0 — 0-46 34-23 27-53 — — 7-01 N50 V 1 00-0 0015 Close to a very large 10 — -042 34-23 27-53 — — — — — — N70 V 250-100 iceberg 20 — — 0-41 34-23 27-53 — — — — 6-94 >» 100-50 30 — -0-38 3423 27-53 — — — — — >> 50-0 — 0045 40 — — 0-41 34-23 27-53 — — — — 6-95 N 70 B N 100 B r 98-0 0125 0145 KT 50 — — 0-41 34-23 2753 — — — — 1 60 — -031 3423 27-53 — — — — 6-99 N 70 B N 100 B ■ 250-100 0125 0155 Depth estimated 80 — -0-51 34-22 27-51 — — — — — 100 — -0-71 34-28 27-58 — — — — — 6-63 NiooH 0-5 0126 0156 150 — -0-26 34-27 27-55 — — — — 6-65 200 — -0-73 34-30 27-59 — — — — 6-41 300 — — 0-41 3439 27-66 — " " 6-22 1099 6 0 — -0-77 34-21 27-53 — — — — 7-36 N70B • 1 19-0 0815 0835 KT 10 — — i-oo 34-27 27-58 — — — — N 100 B / 20 — -I 07 34-27 27-59 — — — — 7-19 N 70 B N 100 B 250-100 0815 0845 Depth estimated 30 — -123 3432 27-63 — — — — 40 — -I-3I 34-34 27-65 — — — — 680 N 70 V 750-500 0900 so — -1-37 34-36 27-67 — — — — — 500-0 60 — -1-41 34-36 27-67 — — — — 6-76 500-250 80 — -1-31 34-42 27-70 — — — — — 250-100 100 — -1-30 34-43 27-72 — — — — 6-o8 100-50 150 — -1-19 34-48 27-76 — — — — 591 50-0 200 — — I -co 34-55 27-82 ~ 5-73 N 50 V 1 00-0 1034 187 1099—1103 R.R.S. Discovery II Static 1099 cont. 1100 1101 1102 1103 Position 62° iS-S' S, 53° 41-4' W 62°o7-i' S, 54° 49-2' W 6i° 50-8' S, 54° 42-9' W 6i° 33-6' S, 54° 39-8' W 6i°o9-9'S, 54°3i-8'W Date 1933 I ii Hour 1655 2I18 0258 Sounding (metres) 728* 688* 1257* 688* WIND WxN NWxN W WxS Force (knots) 9-10 15 SEA Direction WxN NWxN W WxS Weathe: 4^ u 988-9 985-7 odrs 985-3 988-0 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 0-3 0-6 Wet bulb -0-6 Remarks low W swell no swell 0-8 low W swell mod. conf. SW x W swell 188 R.R.S. Discovery II 1099—1103 Station Age of moon 1 1 YDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSKRVATIONS Remarks ^1 Mg. — atom m.^ c.c. litre TIME (days) ( Depth metres) Temp. °C. s °'™ at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Vitrite N. Si Gear Depth (metres) From To 1099 6 300 -0-28 34-63 27-85 — — — 5-03 cont. 400 600 — 0-00 -013 34-66 34-66 27-85 27-86 z — — — 4-80 4-99 800 — -0-33 34-66 27-87 — — — — 5-14 1100 7 0 — 0-04 34-03 27-35 — — — — — 7-46 N70B [• 1 00-0 1710 1730 KT 10 — 0-17 34-06 27-36 — — — — — N 100 B 20 30 — 0-49 0-42 34-23 34-28 27-48 27-53 Z — — — 7-35 N70B N 100 B ' 250-100 1710 1740 Depth estimated 40 — 0-34 34-30 27-54 — — — — 7-IO N 50 V 1 00-0 1755 50 — 0-19 34-30 27-55 — — — — — N 70 V 650-500 60 — o-i6 34-32 27-57 — — — — 6-98 ., 500-250 80 — — 0-20 34-38 27-64 — — — — — „ 250-100 100 — -0-81 34-39 27-68 — — — — 6-60 ,, 100-50 150 — -0-58 34-47 27-73 — — — — 6-29 .. 50-0 — 1910 200 — -1-43 34-45 27-74 — — — — 6-37 300 — -1-36 34-50 27-78 — — — — 6-21 400 — -0-89 34-56 27-81 — — ■ — — — 5-72 600 — -0-40 34-64 27-86 — — — — 5-22 700 — -0-43 3464 27-86 — — — — 5-23 1101 7 0 — — 0-41 34-21 27-51 — — — — 6-94 N70 V 650-500 2125 10 — -0-32 34-21 27-51 — — — — — »i 500-250 20 — -0-33 34-21 27-51 — — — — 6-94 j> 250-100 30 — -0-34 34-21 27-51 — — — — — " 100-50 40 — -0-34 34-21 27-51 — — — — 6-94 .. 50-0 50 — -0-37 34-21 27-51 — — — — — N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2235 60 — — 0-40 34-22 27-51 — — — — 6-86 N 70 B N 100 B i 153-0 2301 2321 KT 80 — — 0-50 34-23 27-53 — — — — 1 100 ISO — -0-51 -0-54 34-23 34-29 27-53 27-58 — z — z z 6-68 6-48 N70B N 100 B ■ 250-100 2301 2331 Depth estimated 200 — -0-47 34-33 27-60 — — — — — 6-48 N 100 H 0-5 2302 2332 300 — — 0-69 34-45 27-71 — — — — — 6-07 400 — -0-58 34-48 27-74 — — — — — 5-90 600 — -0-55 34-55 27-80 — — — ^ '~ 5-69 1102 7 0 0-53 34-15 27-42 — — — — — 7-42 N70 V 1 000-0 0302 10 — 0-S3 34-16 27-42 — — — — — — I 000-0 20 — 0-53 34-17 27-43 — — — — — 7-40 1000-750 30 — 0-53 34-18 27-44 — — — — — — 750-500 40 — 0-49 34-20 27-45 — — — — — 7-26 500-250 50 — 0-44 34-23 27-49 — — — — — — 250-0 60 — 0-39 34-25 27-50 — — — — — 7-10 250-100 80 — 0-32 34-27 27-52 — — — — — ) 100-50 100 — 0-07 34-31 27-57 — — — — — 6-77 50-0 150 — -0-I5 34-38 27-64 — — — — — 6-45 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 0600 200 — — 0-29 34-46 27-71 — — — — — 6-28 N 70 B j 103-0 0620 0640 KT 300 — -0-54 34-46 27-72 — — — — — 624 N 100 B 400 — — 0-41 34-54 27-78 — — — — — 5-94 N 70 B N 100 B f 250-100 0620 0650 Depth estimated 600 — — 0-63 34-57 27-81 — — — — 5-73 800 — -0-81 34-57 27-82 — — — — — 5-85 1000 — — 1-02 34-56 27-82 — — — — — 6-10 1103 7 0 _ 0-62 34-15 27-42 — — — — 7-44 N70 V 500-250 1020 10 — 0-59 34-15 27-42 — — — — — — >» 250-100 20 — 0-56 34-15 27-42 — — — — — 7-43 .. 100-50 30 — 0-5S 34-15 27-42 — — — — — — " 50-0 40 — 0-52 34-15 27-42 — — — — — 7-34 N 50 V N70B 100— 0 ^ 1 105 50 — 0-48 34-20 27-45 — — — — — — )- 108-0 1136 I156 KT 60 — 0-39 34-20 27-46 — — — — — 7-08 N 100 B N70B N 100 B ) 80 100 — 0-35 0-I5 34-22 34-31 27-47 27-56 z — — — 6-78 6-64 \ 250-100 1136 1206 Depth estimated 150 — 001 34-32 27-58 — — — — 200 — o-oo 34-39 27-64 — — — — — 6-31 300 — — o-io 34-46 27-70 — — — — — 5-97 400 — -0-18 34-46 27-70 — — — — — 5-91 5-60 600 -0-43 34-55 27-79 189 1104—1108 R»R»S» Discovery II Station Position Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Air I'emp. " C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1104 6i° 19' S, 55° 05-8' W 1933 2 ii 1413 858* WNW WNW 1105 I mile N 10° W of East Point, Gibbs I 1106 6i°38-3'S, 56°o3-6'W 1107 61° 49-9' S, 56° 44-9' w 1108 62° 22-3' S, 58° 30-5' W 2 11 3 ii 2015 0505 113 3 11 oSss 612* 3 '1 4 11 1400 431' 1130 1333' NWxN WxN NW W WxN 17 20 18-24 25 NWxN WxN NW W WxN 989-1 1-8 mod. conf. W swell omr o cq 990-5 988-8 986-6 be 989-3 1-5 3-3 i-S 3-0 2-4 1-4 mod. WNW swell mod. WxN swell mod. WNW swell mod. conf. W swell mod. SSW swell 190 R.R.S. Discovery II 1104—1108 Station HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Age of moon ^'S Mg. — atom m.' 0.. TIME (days) ( Depth Tietres) ap Q w Temp. °C. S7.0 at pH P ■^Jitrate + Nitrite Vitrite Na N, Si c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) I'rom To 1104 8 o 0-7S 3409 27-35 — — — — 7-36 N50 V 1 00-0 1417 lO 0-70 34-14 27-40 — — — — — — N 70 V 750-500 20 069 34-14 27-40 — — — — — 7-35 )» 500-250 3° 0-65 34-15 27-41 — — — — — — If 250-100 4° 060 34-16 27-42 — — — — — 7-28 .. 100-50 5° 0-48 34-18 27-44 — — — — — »» 50-0 — 1545 6o 040 34-18 27-45 — — — — — 7-12 N 70 B N 100 B !■ 128-0 1601 1621 KT So 0-I2 34-25 27-51 — — — — — 1 lOO 150 o-o6 — o-oi 34-26 34-32 27-53 27-58 z z — — 667 6-56 N70B N 100 B j 250-100 1601 1631 Depth estimated 200 -0-03 34-40 27-64 — — — — — 6-15 300 0-09 34-49 27-71 — — — — — 5-70 400 o-oo 34-52 27-74 — — — — — 5-66 600 o-o6 34-53 27-75 — — — — — 5-37 800 — -o-6o 34-52 27-77 — — — — — 5-89 1105 8 0 0-S9 34-22 27-46 — — — 7-14 N70 V 100-50 2018 Ship at anchor for 10 0-58 34-22 27-46 — — — — — — ,, 50-0 vertical nets and 20 0-42 34-23 27-49 — — — — — 6-97 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2036 hydrological hauls 3° 40 — 0-38 029 34-25 34-27 27-50 27-52 — — — — — 6-76 N70B N 100 B - 100-0 0508 0523 fKT. Nets towed on \ leaving anchorage 50 029 3431 27-55 60 028 34-31 27-56 — — — — — 669 80 0-27 34-31 27-56 100 — 0-29 34-31 27-55 — — 6-53 1106 8 0 _ 070 33-97 27-26 — — — — — 7-59 N70 V 500-250 0852 Bad stray on wire 10 0-70 33-98 27-27 — — — — — — .. 250-100 )) )) 20 069 33-99 27-28 — — — — — 7-59 .. 100-50 )» >t 30 069 3399 27-28 — — — — — — .. 50-0 40 0-55 34-08 27-36 — — — — — 7-31 N 50 V 100-0 0943 50 0-39 34-15 27-43 — — — — — — N 70 B j 1 19-0 1025 1045 KT 60 o-ii 34-18 27-46 — — — — — 7-06 N 100 B 80 — 0-07 3426 27-53 — — — — — — N 70 B 350-100 1025 1055 Depth estimated 100 -o-o8 34-34 2760 — — — — — 6-31 N 100 B 1 ^ ISO o-oi 34-43 27-67 — — — — — S-92 200 o-oo 34-45 27-68 — ■ — — — — 5-72 300 — 0-41 34-51 27-75 — — — — — 5-97 400 -0-45 34-52 27-76 — — — — — 5-95 550 — -0-97 34-S4 27-80 — — — — — 6-o6 1107 9 0 _ 0-98 34-06 27-31 — — — — — 7-50 N70 V 400-250 1402 10 0-9S 34-07 27-33 — — — — — — " 250-100 20 090 34-08 27-34 — — — — — 7-48 j> 100-50 30 0-90 34-08 27-34 — — — — — — »» 50-0 40 0-70 34-iS 27-41 — — — — — 7-28 N 50 V 1 00-0 1445 50 061 34-17 27-43 — — — — — — N 70 B log-o 1510 1530 KT 60 o-SS 34-20 27-45 — — — — — 7-07 N 100 B 1 -^ 80 0-39 34-23 27-49 — — — — — — N 70 B ' 250-100 1510 1540 Depth estimated 100 0-31 34-26 27-51 — — — — — 6-73 N 100 B 1 ■' ISO 022 34-31 27-56 — — — — — 6-58 200 0-17 34-33 27-57 — — — — — 6-43 300 o-oo 34-41 27-65 — — — — 6-o8 400 — — 0-I2 34-51 27-74 — — ~ 5-81 1108 10 0 _ 041 33-79 27-14 — — — — — 7-70 N 70 V 1000-750 II35 10 0-39 33-79 27-14 — — — — — — .. 750-500 20 0-39 33-92 27-24 — — — — — 7-50 »> 500-250 30 0-39 34-14 27-42 — — — — — — >> 250-100 40 001 34-16 27-45 — — — — — 7-14 " 100-50 50 — 0-14 34- 1 8 27-48 — — — — — — " 50-0 60 -0-31 34-24 27-54 — — — — — 7-09 N 50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 100-0 1 134-0 • 290-100 1305 80 100 — 0-14 -0-33 34-27 34-34 27-55 27-62 z — — 6-69 132I 1341 KT 150 — 0-64 34-37 27-65 — — — — — 6-82 132I 1351 DGP 200 — 0-92 34-42 27-69 — — — — — 6-70 6-27 ) 300 — lOI 34-52 27-79 ~ 191 1108—1113 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 1108 conl. 1109 Position 62^ 22-3' S, 58° 30-5' W 62' 407' S, 58° 03-5' W 1110 1111 1112 1113 62° 57-5' S, 57° 38-6' W 63° 49-2' S, 61° 30' W 63°27'S, 6i''s9-5'W 63° 04-5' S, 62° is' W 1933 4 ii 4 1! Hour Sounding (metres) 1613 4 11 S >i S " 5 11 2045 1215 1730 214s 8ii* 828* WIND Direction 147" 371' w Force (knots) 15-ii WNW SSE NExE SWxW SE 19 SEA Direction w Force 10-14 WNW SSE NExE SWxW Weather be 3-4 conf. 2 conf. 0:= as 987- Air Temp. ^ C. Dry bulb 1-9 o Lt snow oq oesp 984-2 964-9 971-2 9737 Wet bulb Remarks 0-3 0-7 mod. conf. W swell 0-9 0-7 0-6 low conf. swell heavy conf. W x N swell heavy WNW swell heavy conf. WNW swell 192 R.R.S. Discovery II 1108—1113 Station 1108 cont. 1109 1110 Age of moon (days) Depth (metres) 1111 1112 1113 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 400 600 800 990 O 10 20 30 40 SO 60 80 100 ISO 200 290 390 580 730 o 10 20 30 40 so 60 80 100 150 200 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 ISO 200 300 390 59° 740 o 10 20 30 40 SO 60 80 100 ISO o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 "S O a; n 989 726 735 Temp. °C. S 7., -0-95 - i-oo -0-98 -I-I7 i-oi i-oo I-oo 0-90 0-52 0-09 -0-42 -0-74 -0-82 -0-82 -0-84 -0-71 -0-98 - I -02 - IIO -0-71 -0-78 -o-8i -o-8i -0-82 -0-83 -0-87 -0-91 -0-94 - I 09 - I -20 1-28 1-28 1-29 1-29 1-22 I-IO 0-84 0-30 o-o8 -0-44 -0-64 -o-8i -o-8i -0-66 -0-62 1-27 1-29 1-29 1-29 1-29 1-29 1-29 0-95 -0-68 0-2I I-OO I-OI I-OI I-OO 0-93 0-91 0-87 0-81 34-S2 34-SS 34-57 34-56 34-iS 34-16 34-16 34-17 34-19 34-26 34-34 34-40 34-43 34-49 34-52 34-57 34-55 34-SS 34-59 34-40 34-41 34-41 34-41 34-41 34-42 34-42 34-42 34-42 34-43 34-47 33-95 33-96 34-00 34-00 34-00 34-05 34-08 34-21 34-27 34-36 34-41 34-43 34-52 34-53 34-55 34-00 34-00 34-00 34-00 34-00 34-00 34-00 34-08 34-26 34-39 34-07 34-07 34-07 34-08 34-11 34-14 34-16 34-17 pH 27-78 27-82 27-82 27-82 27-39 27-39 27-39 27-41 27-45 27-53 27-62 27-68 27-71 27-75 27-78 27-81 27-81 27-82 27-85 27-67 27-69 27-69 27-69 27-69 27-69 27-69 27-69 2769 27-72 27-75 27-20 27-21 27-24 27-24 27-25 27-30 27-34 27-47 27-54 27-63 27-68 27-71 27-78 27-78 27-80 27-24 27-24 27-24 27-24 27-24 27-24 27-24 27-34 27-56 27-63 27-32 27-32 27-32 27-33 27-36 27-39 27-40 27-41 Mg. — atom m.^ Nitrate + Nitrite Nj Nitrite N. O, CO. litre 6-12 5-95 S-81 6-02 7-50 7-51 7-38 7-09 6-67 6-35 6-13 5-93 6-11 5-92 5-98 6-85 6-83 6-82 6-77 6-65 6-55 6-34 7-11 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear 7-06 7-08 6-71 6-06 6-43 6-21 6-46 6-21 5-95 5-83 7-26 7-27 7-25 7-27 6-19 S-6S 7-13 7-12 7-02 6-92 N70V N50 V N 70 B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N50V N70 V N70B N 100 B N 100 H N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N70 V N50V Depth (metres) N50 V N70 V N70B N 100 B N70 V N 50 V N70B N 100 B N70B NiooB 750-500 500-250 250—100 100-50 50-0 1 00-0 116-0 310-120 1 00-0 200-100 100-50 50-0 I 135-0 o-S 104-0 310-100 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 1 00-0 100-0 100-50 50-0 123-0 250-100 100-50 50-0 1 00-0 80-0 275-130 1620 1802 1802 2047 2133 2126 1725 1822 1832 2120 2153 2156 1233 1233 131S 1732 1827 2145 2248 2248 Remarks Bad stray on wire KT DGP KT 1253 1303 1415 1753 1842 221 1 2303 2313 /KT. HoleinN7oB I near bucket (DGP. Closing depth ( estimated KT KT DGP 193 2S 1113—1117 R.R.S. Discovery II Position Date Hoxir Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) Direction Force sa Air Temp. ■■ C. Dry bulb Wet bulb 1113 cont. 1114 63" 04-5' S, 62° 15' W 62° 51-1' S, 62° 054' w 1933 S ii 6ii 706* 1115 1116 1117 60° 392' S, 61° 3i-9'W 59° 17-2' S, 61° 04-4' W S7°46-i'S, 6o°3o-9'W 6 ii 711 7 11 0900 2000 3638* 3404" ssw 14 ssw w 24 NW Var. SW 24 6-40 W NW SW 2-S 983-7 -0-3 -0-6 heavy WNW swell 9803 32 32 heavy W swell ^•5 4-4 4-3 977-2 4-5 4-4 heavy WNW swell heavy SW swell 194 R.R.S. Discovery II 1113—1117 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS I-. >.2 Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station n i> Remarks k^bQb^t-'BA (days) Depth li Temp. s°/„„ Nitrate 0. Depth (metres) °C. Ut pH P Nitrite Nitrite Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To ■s Nj 1113 II lOO 0-75 34-18 27-43 6-75 cont. 150 — 0-38 3434 27-58 — — — — 6-02 200 — 030 34-41 27-63 — — — — 5-67 300 — 039 34-59 27-78 — — — — 503 375 — — 001 34-61 27-82 — — — 527 1114 II 0 — 1-23 33-97 27-23 — — — — 7-32 N50 V 1 00-0 OII5 10 — 1-17 34-00 27-25 — — - — — — N70 V 500-0 20 — 090 34-02 27-29 — — — — 7-19 500-0 30 — 090 34-07 27-33 — — — — — 500-250 40 — o-8s 34-07 27-33 — — — 7-II 250-100 50 — 0-84 34-07 27-33 — — — — 100-50 60 — 080 34-07 27-34 — — — — 7-06 50-0 — 0237 80 — o-8o 34-07 27-34 — — — . — N70B 1 KT 100 — 071 34-14 27-40 — — — 6-88 N 100 B / 102-0 0320 0340 ISO 200 0-40 0-26 34-24 34-41 27-50 27-64 z — — z 6-24 5-50 N70B N 100 B t 290-90 0320 0350 DGP 300 • — 0-45 34-50 27-70 — — — — 5-10 400 — 0-65 34-61 27-78 — — — — 4-77 600 — 0-37 34-61 27-80 — — — 4-94 1115 12 0 — 1-70 33-81 27-07 — — — — 7-31 N70 V 1000-750 2005 10 — 1-70 33-81 27-07 — — — — 750-500 20 — I -70 33-81 27-07 — ■ — — — 7-32 500-250 30 — 1-68 33-81 27-07 — — — — — 250-100 40 — 1-62 33-81 27-07 — — — — 7-32 100-50 50 — I 60 33-81 27-07 — — — — — 50-0 60 — -039 33-90 2726 — — — — 7-46 N50V 1 00-0 — 2155 80 100 -1-13 -0-51 33-91 3400 27-30 27-34 z z z z 6-99 N70B N 100 B I 1 19-0 2215 2235 KT 150 200 z 0-69 1-57 34-19 34-34 27-44 27-50 5-71 4-69 N70B N 100 B f 315-130 2215 2245 DGP 290 — 1-88 34-44 27-56 — — — — — 4-16 NiooH 0-5 2215 2245 390 — 2-20 34-58 27-64 — — — — — 3-92 580 — 201 3463 27-70 — — — — — 3-98 780 — 2-O0 34-70 27-76 — — — - — — 4-08 970 — I 89 34-71 27-78 — — — — — 4-10 1460 — 1-50 34-71 27-81 — — — — — 4-21 1950 1947 I-I9 34-70 27-82 — — — — — 4-32 2430 — 0-82 34-70 27-84 — — — — — 4-44 2920 — 056 34-70 27-86 — — — — — 4-56 1116 12 0 276 33-75 2693 N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 \ IIO-O ^ 270-115 0905 0926 0926 0912 0946 0956 KT DGP 1117 13 0 4-37 33-91 26-90 — — — — 6-89 N70V 1000-750 2008 10 — 4-39 33-96 26-94 — — — — — — 750-500 20 — 4-37 33-97 26-95 — — — — — 6-90 500-0 30 — 4-34 33-98 26-97 — — — — — — 500-250 40 — 4-31 33-98 26-97 — — — — — 6-89 250-100 5° — 4-31 33-98 26-97 — — — — — — 100-50 60 — 4-22 33-99 26-99 — — — — — 6-89 50-0 80 — 3-71 34-15 27-17 — — — — — — N50V 100-0 — 2219 100 — 3-45 34-14 27-19 — — — — — 6-6i N70 B N 100 B 119-0 2245 2305 KT 150 — 3-27 34-14 27-20 — — — — — 6-56 / 200 — 2-91 34-09 27-19 — — — — — 664 N70 B ■ 320-120 2245 2315 DGP 290 — 269 34-10 27-22 — — — — — 6-38 N 100 B 390 — 265 34-16 27-27 — — — — — 5-80 59° — ■ 3-00 34-33 27-37 — — — — — 4-50 780 — 2-57 34-43 27-49 — — — — — 4-14 980 — 2-44 34-52 27-57 — — — — — 3-85 1470 — 216 34-63 27-69 — — — — — 3-79 1950 — 1-86 34-70 27-77 — — — — — 4-05 2440 — 1-51 34-70 27-80 — — — — — 4-16 2930 2932 1-20 34-70 27-82 — — — — — 4-34 195 1118—1123 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather se Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb Wet bulb 1118 1119 56^ 22*2' S, 60° 02-9' W 55° 07-9' S, 59° i8-5'W 1933 8ii 0900 NWxN 23 NWxN 5-4 2000 2045 3072 3109* wsw wsw 35-42 17-21 wsw wsw 1120 1121 1122 1123 53° 487' s, 58° 35' w 51° 59-7' S, 53° 24-2' W 9 11 19 u 0900 681* 2078* 52° 04-6' S, 50° 54-5' W 52° 12-6' S, 48° 25-3' W 0900 2448* WNW WxS 20-23 NW NWxW 23-34 23 WNW WxS NW NWxW 196 cq 986-5 9837 7-1 6-5 heavy W swell 8-3 6-6 mod. conf. W swell 995-8 978-8 91 6-7 7-4 3-9 mod. conf. WNW swell heavy conf. WNW swell oq 989-1 993-5 8-0 6-6 6-8 5-5 heavy WTSTW swell heavy conf. WNW swell R.R.S. Discovery 11 1118—1123 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Age of u Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station moon - I n - Remarks 1 (days) ( Depth metres) /3 £ -2 0 Temp. ° C. s°/„ at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N2 N, Si yj2 c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 1118 13 0 6-33 34-05 26-78 ' ' N50V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 f I 19-0 • 410-100 0901 0928 0928 0908 0948 0958 KT DGP 1119 14 0 663 34-16 26-83 — — — — — 6-54 N70V 1000-780 2013 10 6-63 34-16 26-83 — — — — — — ,, 760-500 Closing depth 20 6-55 34-16 26-84 — — — — — 6-57 ,, 700-525 doubtful 30 6-43 34-16 26-86 — — — — — ,, 500-260 40 6-36 34-16 26-86 — — — — — 6-56 ,, 250-100 50 6-25 34-16 26-88 — — — — — >. 100-50 60 6-11 34-16 26-90 — — — — 6-53 ,, 50-0 80 5-52 34-17 26-98 — — — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 2213 100 150 5-23 4-85 34-17 34-17 27-01 27-06 z — z 6-46 6-30 N70B N 100 B \ 1 00-0 2247 2307 KT 200 300 4-72 4-30 34-23 34-20 27-12 27-14 Z — — — 6-41 6-42 N70B N 100 B J- 330-100 2247 2317 DGP 390 4-21 34-19 27-15 — — — — — 6-39 N 100 H 0-5 2247 2317 590 373 34-21 27-21 — — — — 5-97 790 3-48 34-21 27-23 — — — — 5-64 980 980 3-22 34-25 27-29 — — — — — 5-08 1480 2-54 34-52 27-57 — — — — — 3-86 1970 226 34-65 2769 — — — — — 3-69 2460 2468 1-99 34-70 27-76 — — ~ 3-91 1120 15 0 7-10 34-16 26-77 N50 V N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 IIO-O r 300-110 0903 0928 0928 0913 0948 0958 KT DGP 1121 25 0 10 — 6-26 6-26 34-08 34-08 26-82 26-82 — — — — — 6-55 N70 V 1000-750 750-500 2005 20 6-26 34-08 26-82 — — — — 6-58 )i 500-250 30 6-26 34-08 26-82 — — — — — — »» 250-100 40 6-26 34-08 26-82 — — — — — 6-58 >. 100-50 50 6-21 34-08 26-83 — — — — — .. 50-0 — 2155 60 5-72 34-08 26-89 — — — — — 6-65 N70B ■ 106-0 2220 2240 KT 80 391 34-10 27-10 — — — — — — N 100 B ) 100 150 3-28 3-10 34-13 34-15 27-18 27-23 — — z 6-60 6-51 N70B N 100 B 1 290-1 lO 2220 2250 DGP 200 2-88 34-16 27-25 — — — — — 6-44 N 100 H 0-5 2221 2241 300 2-38 34-16 27-29 — — — — — 636 390 1-97 34-15 27-32 — — — — 6-14 590 2-59 34-26 27-35 — — — — — 5-01 790 2-64 34-41 27-47 — — — — 4-20 980 2-45 34-51 27-56 — — — — — 3-96 1470 2-17 34-64 27-70 — — — — — 3-77 i960 1963 1-83 34-71 27-78 — — — — 3-98 1122 25 0 — 6-71 34-14 26-81 — — — — — N 100 B N70B N 100 B 70-0 1 190-115 0928 0928 0948 0958 KT DGP 1123 26 0 10 20 — 5-10 S-20 5 -20 34-09 34-09 34-09 26-96 26-95 26-95 — — — — — 6-68 6-69 N70 V It 1000-750 750-500 500-150 2010 Closing depth doubtful 30 5-20 34-09 26-95 — — — — — )J 500-250 40 5-20 34-09 26-95 — — — — 6-67 »' 250-100 50 . 5 -20 34-09 26-95 — — — — — — »> 100-50 60 80 100 — 511 3-83 3-58 34-09 34-10 34-17 26-96 27-11 27-19 — — — — — 6-70 6-56 Nso V N 100 B N70B N 100 B 50-0 1 00-0 102-0 2312 2258 2332 KT 150 200 3-27 2-79 34-19 34-17 27-24 27-27 — — ~~~ z 6-49 6-48 ■ 250-100 2312 2342 DGP 300 2-31 34-iS 27-30 — — — — — 6-33 6-00 N 100 H 0-5 2313 2343 400 2-12 34-16 27-31 ~ ~ 197 1123—1128 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather SB Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1123 cont. 1124 1125 52° 12-6' S, 48° 25-3' W 52° iS-3'S, 46° i3-4'W 52° 21-5' S, 43° 345' W 1933 20 ii 0900 WNW 2000 3340' NW 1126 1127 52° 27-2' S, 40° 55' W 52° 43-7' S, 37° 12-5' W 0900 NxW 23 u 0405 i86i« N 1128 53° 04-4' S, 37° 12-8' W 23 II 0926 2939" ENE 18 WNW NW NxW N ENE 198 be 1003-4 6-3 5-6 1005-8 5-3 4-9 heavy conf. WNW swell heavy conf. NW and SW swells be 1003-3 5-0 4-4 fe 996-2 0-6 0-6 heavy conf. SW and NW swells mod. W swell of 995-4 1-9 1-9 mod. conf. W swell R.R.S. Discovery II 1123—1128 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS u Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station Age of moon (days) ( Depth metres) fl Temp. 'C. s°/„ at 1 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) 1 Remarks pH P titrate + Nitrite Nitrite Nj Si From To D_g N, 1123 26 600 2-47 34-17 27-29 — — — — 5-96 cont. 800 1000 1500 — 2-45 2-37 2-09 34-41 34-52 34-69 27-48 27-58 27-73 — — — — — 4-34 3-95 3-82 1124 26 0 — 5-44 34-03 26-88 — — — — — — N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 0904 0914 } 97-0 0928 0948 KT N70B N 100 B / 260-94 0928 0958 DGP 1125 27 0 _ 438 33-82 26-83 — — — — — 6-96 N70 V 1000-800 2004 10 — 4-39 33-82 26-83 — — — — — — 750-540 20 — 4-39 33-82 26-83 — — — — — 6-98 500-265 3° — 4-28 33-83 26-86 — — — — — — 250-100 40 — 4-20 33-84 26-86 — — — — — 6-98 100-50 50 — 3-97 33-85 26-90 — — — — — 50-0 60 — 3-80 33-86 26-91 — — — — — 7-00 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2205 80 100 — I-OI 0-82 33-92 33-94 27-20 27-22 z z z 7-18 N70B N 100 B 1 97-0 2222 2242 KT 150 200 — 0-71 0-90 34-05 34-11 27-32 27-36 z z — — 6-61 6-12 N70B N 100 B \ 290-100 2222 2252 DGP 300 — 1-32 34-25 27-44 — — — — — 5-23 N 100 H 0-5 2223 2253 390 — 1-42 34-36 27-52 — — — — — 4-60 590 — 2-29 3452 27-59 — — — — — 3-96 780 783 2-16 34-61 27-68 — — — — — 3-89 980 2-08 34-65 27-70 — — — — — 3-85 1470 — 1-77 34-70 27-78 — — — — — 4-07 i960 — 1-34 34-70 27-81 — — — — — 4-27 2450 2445 0-87 34-70 27-84 — — — — — 4-43 2940 0-51 34-69 27-84 — — ~'~~ ~ 4-62 1126 27 0 3-97 33-91 26-95 N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 } 138^ 1 370-110 0909 0932 0932 0916 0952 1002 KT DGP 1127 28 0 2-90 33-89 27-03 — — — — — 7-23 N70V 1000-750 0410 10 — 2-90 33-89 27-03 — — — — — " 750-500 20 — 2-88 3389 27-03 — — — — — 7-22 » 500-250 30 — 2-80 33-88 27-04 — — — — — >' 250-100 40 — 2-80 33-88 27-04 — — — — — 7-20 >■ 100-50 5° — 2-75 33-88 27-04 — — — — — .. 50-0 60 — 2-50 33-91 27-08 — — — — — 7-IO N 50 V 1 00-0 0550 80 100 — 0-61 0-24 34-00 34-07 27-29 27-37 — — — 6-33 N 70 B N 100 B > I 00-0 0604 0624 KT 150 200 — 0-74 1-09 34-23 34-32 27-47 27-52 — — — — 5-34 4-85 N 70 B N 100 B \ 260-90 0604 0634 DGP 300 — 1-30 34-43 27-59 — — — 4-31 400 — 1-49 34-53 27-66 — — — — — 4-01 59° — 2-00 34-6i 27-69 — — — — — 3-90 790 — 1-89 34-68 27-75 — — — — — 3-95 99° — 1-70 34-71 27-79 — — — — 406 1480 1484 1-28 34-72 27-82 — " ■~ 4-27 1128 28 0 _ 2-95 33-91 27-04 — — — — 4-9 7-17 N70V 1000-0 0927 10 — 2-92 33-91 27-05 — — — — 4-9 •> 1000-750 20 — 2-84 33-90 27-04 — — — — 4-6 7-21 >> 750-500 30 — 2-82 3390 27-05 — — — — 4-5 — • ' 500-250 40 — 2-8l 3390 27-05 — — — — 4-5 7-18 •' 250-100 50 — 2-78 33-90 27-05 — — — — 4-5 — " 100-50 60 2-70 33-90 27-06 — — — — 4-5 7-09 .. 50—0 70 80 — 0-99 0-57 33-99 27-29 — — z 13-7 — N 50 V N70B 1 00-0 ) 96-0 II27 III5 1147 KT 100 — 0-14 34-OI 27-32 — — — — 19-2 669 N 100 B N70B 1 150 — 0-11 34-14 27-43 — — — — 29-2 5-95 • 280-100 II27 1157 DGP 200 — 0-67 34-28 27-51 — — — — 34-5 5-15 N 100 B 1 1 199 1128—1132 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 1128 coat. 1129 1130 1131 1132 Position S3° 04-4 S, 37° 12-8' W 53° 25-1' S, 37° i3-i'W 53° 45' S, 37° 09-8' W 54° 22-6' S, 34° o8-4' W 54° 24-4' S, 34° 43' W Date 1933 23 ii 23 n 23 11 24 11 24 11 1400 1324 1843 Sounding (metres) 948* 142' 4625* WIND Direction NNE ESE Lt airs WNW Force (knots) 0-4 15 SEA NNE ESE WNW Force Weather of fe 53 995-2 995-4 999-' Air Temp. ^ C. Dry bulb 3-0 0-5 Wet btilb 0-5 03 mod. W swell mod. conf. NW swell low E swell low conf. E swell 200 R.R.S. Discovery II 1128—1132 Station Age of moon (days) Depth (metres) 1128 cont. 28 1129 29 1130 1131 29 1132 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Q ** 300 390 590 790 990 1490 1980 2480 o 10 20 30 40 so 60 80 100 150 200 290 390 590 780 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 2476 783 992 Temp. ° C. s -/„ 1-31 1-43 1-98 1-89 I -80 1-45 I 06 0-87 339 3-10 3-00 2-98 291 290 2-72 1-21 I 02 -O-II o-6i 1-32 1-51 203 1-92 2-99 2-83 241 2-32 2-31 2-31 2-14 0-78 0-51 1-72 1-72 1-63 1-55 1-47 1-34 1-20 o-8i 0-19 o-oo 0-64 1-30 1-31 I 90 1-74 I-S8 I 08 0-S7 0-37 0-20 o-oi -0-25 2-50 2-50 223 223 224 2-21 2-21 i-6i 0-51 34-44 34-53 34-63 34-70 34-70 34-71 34-71 34-71 33-83 33-82 33-82 33-82 33-82 33-82 33-82 33-92 33-94 34-06 34-24 34-43 34-53 34-56 34-67 33-74 33-74 33-74 33-76 33-77 33-77 33-83 33-96 34-00 33-96 3396 33-96 33-97 33-98 33-99 33-99 34-03 34-08 34-25 34-40 34-56 34-61 34-68 34-70 34-70 34-70 34-70 34-69 34-68 34-67 34-66 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-95 34-07 pH 27-60 27-66 27-70 27-77 27-77 27-81 27-84 27-85 26-95 26-96 26-97 26-97 26-98 26-98 27-00 27-19 27-21 27-38 27-49 27-59 27-66 27-64 27-73 26-90 26-92 26-95 26-98 26-98 26-98 27-05 27-25 27-29 27-18 27-18 27-19 27-21 27-22 27-24 27-25 27-30 27-38 27-52 27-60 27-69 27-74 27-75 27-78 27-79 27-83 27-86 27-85 27-86 27-86 27-86 27-08 27-08 27-10 27-10 27-10 27-11 27-11 27-18 27-35 Mg. — atom m.- Nitrate + Nitrite N. Nitrite Nj 37-2 48-7 55-8 59-3 61-2 63-3 65-5 74-4 7-4 6-9 7-0 6-6 6-8 6-9 7-8 17-4 19-5 c.c. litre 8-6 8-8 8-6 8-7 8-8 9-1 9-2 13-0 19-2 4-2« 4-02 3-91 3-92 4-03 4-26 4-40 4-45 7-64 7-43 7-39 7-37 7-01 6-43 5-34 4-26 3-98 3-88 3-90 7-19 7-21 7-10 7-08 6-50 7-35 7-38 7-32 7-16 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear 6-83 5-62 4-77 4-09 4-04 3-93 4-06 4-10 4-35 4-55 4-73 4-82 4-92 5-17 7-35 7-31 7-33 7-19 6-51 N70 V N 50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N 100 H N70 V N50V N70B N 100 B N 100 H N70 V N 50 V N70 B N 100 B N70B N 100 B Depth (metres) N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N 100 H N70 V 750-500 500-250 250-100 100—50 50-0 1 00-0 I 88-0 • 240-100 0-5 100-50 50-0 1 00-0 1 1 0-0 0-5 1000-800 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 1 00-0 1 00-0 • 250-106 TIME From • IIO-O \ 275-110 0-5 1000-750 750-500 500-250 250-100 1402 1508 1508 1509 1814 1839 1835 1330 To 1458 1528 1538 1539 1619 1619 1825 1859 1905 KT DGP KT 1509 1639 1649 1855 185s 1856 1941 1915 1925 1926 KT DGP KT DGP 201 26 1132—1138 R.R.S. Discovery II 1132 cont. 1133 Position 54° 24-4' S, 34° 43' W 54° 26-2' S, 35° i6-6' W 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 Date 1933 24 ii 24-25 ii Hour 2353 Sounding (metres) 54°28'S, 35°Si-6'W 3 miles S 60° E of Jason I, South Georgia 54°3i-2'S, 35°o8-s'W 55°o8-8'S, 33°23-6'W 55° 55-5' S, 31° 15-6' W 25 n 0325 1408 0830 2005 279" 186* 1069* 3905' WIND NW Force (knots) SExE SExS SSE 16 SEA Direction 19 25 15 NW Force SExE SExS SSE SxE Weather 4conf. 0=3 be osp osp bcsp 9987 9975 Air Temp. ' C. Dry bulb 1-9 988-0 989-4 989-8 987-6 -0-9 -0-6 Wet bulb 2-4 1-5 -0-5 ■1-7 1-7 Remarks low conf . E swell low ESE swell mod. conf. BE swell mod. conf. NE swell mod. conf. E swell mod. conf. SSE swell 202 R.R.S. Discovery II 1132—1138 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station moon (days) Depth (metres) if Temp. s °/„„ at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N, Si 0, cc. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 1132 O 150 I-2I 34-18 27-40 — — — 27-7 S-54 N70 V 100-50 cont. 190 — 1-60 3429 27-45 — — — — 33-9 4-94 ,. 50-0 290 — 1-73 34-43 27-56 — — — — 42-2 4-35 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2108 380 — 1-92 34-52 27-62 — — — — 48-7 4-04 570 — 1-75 34-6i 27-71 — — — — 50-6 4-09 760 — 1-89 34-70 27-77 — — — — 60-3 390 950 — I-7I 34-70 27-78 — — — — 52-0 4-13 J 430 1433 I-I9 34-71 27-83 — — — 67-8 4-45 1133 1 0 290 33-85 27-00 — — — — 7-24 N70 V 250-100 2355 10 — 2-88 33-85 27-00 — — — — — >» 100-50 20 — 2-8o 33-86 27-01 — — — — 7-26 )) 50-0 30 — 2-53 33-89 27-06 — — — N 50 V 1 00-0 — 0025 40 50 — 2-50 2-47 33-89 33-89 27-06 27-07 z z z — — 7-26 N70B N 100 B / 135-0 0053 OII3 KT 60 — 2-41 33-90 27-08 — — — — — 7-10 N 100 H 0-5 0049 OII9 80 — 2-31 33-92 27-11 100 — I-9I 33-93 27-14 — — — — — 6-96 150 — 0-71 34-01 27-29 — — — — — 664 200 — I-3I 34-24 27-44 — — — — — 5-34 250 — • 1-61 34-34 27-50 — "" ~ 4-77 1134 I 0 2-92 33-65 26-84 — — — — 7-7 7-07 N70 V 100-50 0328 10 — 290 33-66 2684 — — — 7-7 — .. 50-0 20 — 2-80 33-73 26-91 — — — — 7-7 7-03 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 0353 30 40 — 2-82 2-83 33-74 33-74 26-92 26-92 — " z 7-7 7-9 698 N70B N 100 B 1 II7--0 0416 0436 KT 50 — 2-83 33-75 2693 — — — — 7-8 — N 100 H 0-5 0414 0444 60 — 2-84 33-75 2693 — — — — 8-1 6-94 80 — 2-68 33-78 26-97 — — — — 8-7 100 — 260 33-79 26-99 — — — — 8-9 6-83 150 — 1-91 33-89 27-11 — — — — 13-5 6-69 1135 5 0 — 296 33-69 26-87 — — — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 1410 1420 + I hour 1136 5 0 2-38 33-90 27-08 — — — 7-i6 N50 V 1 00-0 2105 10 — 2-39 33-90 27-08 — — — — — — N 70 V 1000-800 20 — 2-40 33-90 27-08 — ■ — — — — 7-16 750-500 30 — 2-40 33-90 27-08 — — — — — — 500-250 40 — 2 40 33-90 27-08 — — — — — 7-14 250-100 50 — 2-40 33-90 27-08 — — — — — — 100-50 60 — 2-41 33-90 27-08 — — — — — 716 50-0 — 2238 80 — 2-41 33-90 27-08 — — — — — N 70 B N 100 B ,■ 102-0 2253 2313 KT 100 — 2-41 33-90 27-08 — — — — — 7-14 1 ISO 200 — 0-93 1-22 34-05 34-22 27-31 27-42 — z — 6-54 5-48 N 70 B N 100 B / 290-120 2253 2323 DGP 300 — I-8l 34-42 27-53 — — — — — 4-46 N 100 H 0-5 2254 2324 400 — 2-00 33-48 27-58 — — — — — 4-11 600 — 1-90 33-65 27-72 — — — — — 4-0S 800 — 1-87 3369 27-75 — — — — — 4-12 1000 — 1-67 33-72 27-79 — — — 4-12 1137 6 0 1-66 34-04 27-25 N50 V N70B N 100 B N70 B N 100 B 100-0 - I lO-O (■ 310-90 0834 0858 0858 0841 0918 0928 KT DGP 1138 6 0 1-13 34-07 27-31 — — — — 7-38 N70 V 1000-750 2008 10 — 1-13 34-07 27-31 — — — — — — 750-500 20 — 1-13 34-07 27-31 — — — — — 7-39 500-250 30 — I-I3 34-07 27-31 — — — — — — 250-100 40 — 1-13 34-07 27-31 — — — — — 7-39 100-50 50 i-ii 34-08 27-32 — — — — — — 50-0 60 — i-i I 3408 27-32 — — — — — 7-38 N50 V 100— 0 — 2145 80 — 0-22 34-14 27-43 — — — — — N 70 B N 100 B ■ 132-0 2237 2257 KT 100 — -0-43 34-23 27-53 — — — — — 6-74 1 ■' 203 1138—1142 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Statio Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Force Weather Air Temp. * C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1138 cont. 55° 55-5' S, 31° is-6'W 1933 2 iii 1139 1140 S6° 37-9' S, 29° i9'W 57° 2i-i' S, 27° 099' W 3 "1 0900 SxW 15 SxW 3 1" 3047' ssw 16 ssw 1141 1142 57° 59-8' S, 24° 43-7' W 58° 44-3' S, 22° 30-9' W 4 111 0900 SWxW 25 SWxW 4 111 4237* SW 19 SW be 986-5 10 —2-1 mod. conf. SE swell be 985 I csp 984-0 9844 -0-9 mod. conf. S swell mod. conf. swell -0-6 heavy conf. SW swell 204 R.R.S. Discovery II 1138—1142 Station Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) ii 1138 cont. 1139 1140 1141 1142 ISO 200 300 400 600 790 990 1480 1970 2460 2950 3440 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 590 790 990 1480 1980 2470 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 1980 2480 2970 3460 3960 Temp. 'C 993 2952 -051 — 0-09 0-S4 076 0-73 067 0-50 0-29 0-13 -o-oi -o-io -013 0-92 S°/™ 34-34 34-48 34-58 34-67 34-68 34-68 34-68 34-68 34-68 34-68 34-67 34-67 34-06 2465 0-32 0-31 0-31 0-31 031 0-31 031 0-29 -0-49 — 019 031 0-79 0-72 0-59 0-44 0-37 o-i8 -003 — 017 0-40 1507 2970 0-71 0-71 0-71 i-oi 119 I-I2 1-IS i-i6 I 09 -079 -0-25 0-72 I-OI o-8o 0-50 0-50 0-32 0-20 -0-02 -013 -0-33 -0-38 pH 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-23 34-48 34-58 34-67 34-68 34-69 34-68 34-68 34-68 34-67 34-67 33-98 27-62 27-72 27-76 27-82 27-83 27-83 27-84 27-85 27-86 27-87 27-87 27-87 27-32 33-69 33-69 33-69 33-86 33-90 33-96 33-97 34-02 34-00 34-23 34-38 34-57 34-64 34-66 34-67 34-67 34-67 34-68 34-67 34-67 34-67 34-66 27-34 27-34 27-34 27-34 27-34 27-34 27-34 27-34 27-53 27-72 27-77 27-81 27-83 27-84 27-85 27-85 27-86 27-86 27-87 27-29 27-03 27-03 27-03 27-14 27-17 27-22 27-23 27-27 27-26 27-54 27-64 27-74 27-78 27-80 27-83 27-83 27-84 27-86 27-86 27-87 27-88 27-87 Mg. — atom m.^ Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite N, Si O c.c. litre 6-06 5-43 4-90 4-69 4-65 4-65 4-62 4-67 4-8i 4-90 4-96 5-09 Gear N70B N 100 B N 100 H 7-47 7-48 7-47 7-48 6-58 5-38 4-96 4-67 4-64 4-66 4-58 4-62 4-78 4-91 5-03 7-45 7-45 7-39 7-36 7-33 6-53 5-66 4-77 4-57 4-59 4-65 4-54 4-61 4-74 4-91 4-96 S-24 5-27 Depth (metres) Nso V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N70 V N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N 100 H 335-100 0-5 TIME N 50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N70V N50 V N70 B N 100 B N 100 H N70B N 100 B > 108-0 f 270-120 1000-750 750-500 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 1 00-0 / 104-0 \ 310-1 10 0-5 1 00-0 [ 94-0 f 260-100 1000-800 750-510 500-250 250-100 100-50 50-0 1 00-0 [ 93-0 0-5 \ 260-110 2237 2238 To 2307 2308 DGP 0902 0925 0925 2005 2202 2202 2204 0912 094s 09S5 KT DGP 2145 2222 2232 2234 0903 0921 0921 2004 2315 2314 2315 0915 0941 0951 KT DGP 2149 2335 2344 2345 KT DGP Heavy stray on wire KT DGP 205 1143—1147 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Date Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weathe Air Temp. " C. Dr>' bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1143 1144 59° 12-9' S, 20° lo-i' W 59° 44-5' S, 17° 30-8' W 1933 5 iii ogoo 5 "1 2938* 1145 1146 60° 22- 1 ' S, 14° 439' W 61° 00-2' S, 12° 038' W 6 iii 6 iii 7 iii 0900 4984* 1147 61° 497' S, 08° 09-9' W 7 111 2004 5258* wsw WxS WxN ExN ExN NxE 26 25 17 16 16 wsw WxS WxN ExN ExN NxE 206 oq bcq 987-6 989-3 -0-6 1-7 -0-6 -19 heavy conf. swell heavy conf. SW swell oqs oqs 995-5 990-8 9849 1-4 -0-5 -0-5 heavy WSW swell heavy conf. WxS swell heavy WxS swell 973-8 0-3 0-3 heavy conf. NNW swell R.R.S. Discovery II 1143—1147 Station HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Age of moon (days) Depth metres) A Temp. ° C. s °;., al pH Mg. — atom m.' 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME P Nitrate + Nitrite N. Nitrite N, Si From To 1143 9 O 062 33-72 27-07 N50V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 ■ 1 21-0 1 330-120 0903 0928 0928 0914 0948 0958 KT DGP 1144 lO O lO — 0-36 0-37 33-63 33-63 27-01 27-01 — — — — — 7-46 N70 V 1000-790 750-500 2005 20 — 0-37 3363 27-01 — — — — — 7-47 ,, 500-250 3° — 0-37 33-63 27-01 — — — — — — ,, 250-100 4° — 0-3S 3363 27-01 — — — — — 7-45 )» 100-50 5° — -0-S9 33-98 27-34 — — — — — — ,1 50-0 6o — -0-99 34-13 27-46 — — — — — 7-00 N 50 V 1 00-0 — 2145 8o — — I 09 34-16 27-50 — — — — — — N 100 B I 19-0 2221 2241 KT lOO — — 1-09 34-23 27-56 — — — — — 6-56 N 100 B 340-100 2221 2251 DGP ISO — — 0-24 34-43 27-68 — — — — — 5-54 200 — 0-49 34-56 27-74 — — — — — 4-92 300 — o-8i 34-66 27-80 — — — — 4-61 400 — 0-90 34-68 27-82 — — — — — 4-61 590 — 0-53 34-68 27-84 — — — — — 4-57 790 76s 0-49 34-68 27-84 — — — — — 4-52 990 039 34-68 27-85 — — — — 4-55 1480 0-20 34-68 27-86 — — — — — 4-62 1980 — — 0-02 34-67 27-86 — — — — 4-89 2470 2466 — o-io 34-67 27-87 — — — — 4-95 1145 lO 0 o-o8 34-23 27-51 N50 V N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 104-0 1 280-100 0905 0930 0930 0915 0950 1000 KT DGP 1146 lO 0 — — 009 34-23 27-51 — — — — — 7-43 N70 V 1000-750 2015 10 — — 009 34-23 27-51 — — — — — — ) » 750-500 20 — — 009 34-23 27-51 — — — — — 7-45 ,y 500-250 30 — — 009 34-23 27-51 — — — — ,, 250-100 40 — — 0-09 3423 27-51 — — — — — 7-43 ., 100-50 so — — o-io 34-23 27-51 — — — — — — ,, 50-0 60 — — 0-46 34-30 27-58 — — — — 7-27 N50 V 1 00-0 2205 80 100 z -1-58 -1-48 34-48 34-49 27-77 27-77 z z 6-23 N70 B N 100 B 1 104-0 2344 0004 KT 15° 200 -0-38 0-2I 34-63 34-65 27-85 27-83 z — — — 5-03 4-42 N70B N 100 B ,- 290-1 10 2344 0014 DGP 290 — 0-32 34-67 27-84 — — — — — 4-29 N 100 H 0-5 2345 0015 390 — 0-38 34-67 27-84 — — — — — 4-28 580 — 0-34 34-67 27-84 — — — — 4-29 780 — 0-27 34-67 27-85 — — — — — 4-39 970 — o-i8 34-67 27-85 — — — — — 4-47 1460 — o-oo 34-67 27-86 — — — — 4-72 19SO 1947 — 0-19 34-67 27-87 — — — — — 494 2390 — -0-27 34-67 27-87 — — — — — 5-02 2860 2855 -0-33 34-67 27-88 — — — — — 5-15 3340 — — 0-42 34-67 27-88 — — — — 5-27 3810 — -0-51 34-66 27-88 — — — — — 5-38 4290 — -0-55 34-66 27-88 — — — — — 5-53 1147 1 1 0 — -009 34-05 27-37 — — — — — 7-51 N70 V 1000-750 2010 — GMT. Small hole 10 — — 0-09 34-05 27-37 — — — — — — ,, 750-500 in N 70 V near 20 — — 009 34-05 27-37 — — — — — 7-53 ,, 500-250 bucket discovered 30 — — 009 34-05 27-37 — — — — — — „ 250-100 after completion of 40 — — 009 34-05 27-37 — — — — — 7-51 .. 100-50 last haul SO — -009 34-05 27-37 — — — — — — ,> 50-0 60 — -089 34-23 27-55 — — — — — 7-21 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2140 80 100 — -1-72 -1-28 34-43 34-43 27-73 27-72 — — 6-26 N70B N 100 B 1 113-° 2310 2330 KT 150 200 — 090 090 34-68 34-69 27-82 27-82 — z z 4-31 4-32 N70 B N 100 B ■ 280-120 2310 2340 DGP 300 — 0-73 34-68 27-83 — " 4-37 N 100 H 0-5 2312 2342 207 1147—1150 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 1147 cont. 1148 1149 1150 Position 6i° 497' S, o8° 09-9' W 63° S2' S, 00° 54-9' W 64° 344' S, 01° 426' E 65° 21-6' S, 04° 33-7' E Date 1933 7 iii 9 111 Hour 0900 Sounding (metres) 5332' 3673* WIND Direction WNW NxE NNE Force (knots) 16 15 SEA Direction WNW NxE NNE Force Weather csp osp 80-5 9916 997-3 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb -0-7 0-7 Wet bulb Remarks mod. conf S and NNE swells heavy NNE swell mod. NNE swell 208 R.R.S. Discovery II 1147—1150 Station Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S "i„ al pH Mg. — atom m/ 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) TIME P Nitrate + Nitrite N= Nitrite N. Si From To 1147 I I 400 0-S3 34-68 27-84 — — 4-37 cont. 600 — 0-44 34-68 27-85 — — — — 4-23 800 — 040 34-68 27-85 — — — — 4-33 1000 — 0-30 34-67 27-84 — — — — 4-43 1490 — o-o8 34-67 27-86 — — — — 4-71 1990 — — o-ii 34-67 27-87 — — — — 4-77 2490 2492 — 0-24 3467 27-87 — — — — 4-98 2980 2977 -0-30 34-66 27-87 — — — — 5-08 3480 — -0-38 34-66 27-87 — — — — 5-10 3970 — — 0-42 34-66 27-87 — — — — S-33 4470 — -0-47 34-66 27-87 — — — 5-36 4970 — — 0-50 34-66 27-88 — ~ 5-41 1148 13 0 — 0-22 34-02 27-33 — — — — 7-54 N70 V 1000-760 20II 10 — 0-22 34-02 27-33 — — — 750-500 20 — 0-22 34-02 27-33 — — — 7-s6 500-250 30 — 0-23 34-02 27-33 — — — 250-100 40 — 0-25 34-04 27-34 — — — 7-55 100-50 50 — — 0-40 34-12 27-44 — — — — 50-0 60 — -1-79 3429 27-62 — — — — 7-22 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2140 80 100 — -1-80 -1-79 34-31 34-33 27-64 27-65 z z — — 7-01 N70B N 100 B ( I17-O 2324 2344 KT ISO — -0-39 34-52 27-76 — — — — — 5-35 N 70 B N 100 B I 330-100 .2324 2354 DGP 200 — 040 34-66 27-83 — — — — — 4-53 300 — 0-41 34-68 27-85 — — — — 4-38 N 100 H 0-5 2325 2355 400 — 0-41 34-69 27-85 — — — — 4-28 600 — 040 3469 27-85 — — — — — 4-24 800 — 0-35 3469 27-85 — — — — 4-35 1000 — 0-26 34-69 27-86 — — — — — 4-47 1490 — o-o8 34-68 27-87 — — — — — 4-69 1990 — — o-ii 34-67 27-87 — — — — — 4-93 2490 2487 -0-22 34-66 27-86 — — — — — 5-05 2970 2968 -030 34-66 27-87 — — — — — 5-10 3460 — -0-34 34-66 27-87 — — — — — 5-10 3960 — -0-39 34-66 27-87 — — — — — 5-18 44SO — — 0-46 34-66 27-87 — — — — — s-36 4950 — -0-48 34'66 27-87 — — — 5-37 1149 14 0 0-40 34-14 27-42 N50V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 {• 97-0 270-100 0907 0928 0928 0915 0948 0958 KT DGP 1150 14 0 _ oil 3406 27-36 — — — — — 7-47 N70 V 1000-750 2006 10 — O-I I 3406 27-36 — — — — — — 750-500 20 — O-I I 34-07 27-37 — — — — 7-46 500-250 30 — O-II 34-07 27-37 — — — — — — 250-100 40 — oil 34-08 27-38 — — — — — 7-45 100-50 5° — 001 34-IO 27-40 — — — — — 50-0 60 — — 1-09 34-35 27-66 — — — — 6-36 N50 V 1 00-0 — 2132 70 — -0-71 — — — — — — — — N 70 B ■ 91-0 2219 2239 KT 80 — 0-59 3465 27-81 — — — — — — N 100 B 1 100 — 092 34-67 27-81 — — — — — 4-33 N 70 B ■ 270-100 2219 2249 DGP 150 — 0-67 34-68 27-83 — — — — — 4-58 N 100 B 200 — 0-62 34-68 27-84 — — — — — 4-63 N 100 H o-S 2220 2250 300 — 0-51 34-68 27-84 — — — — — 4-63 400 — 0-5S 34-69 27-84 — — — — — 4-57 600 — 0-56 34-69 27-84 — — — — 4-47 800 795 0-50 34-69 27-84 — — — — — 4-51 1000 0-40 34-69 27-85 — — — — — 4-44 1490 — 0-19 34-68 27-86 — — — — — 4-68 1980 — 0-02 34-67 27-86 — — — — 4-76 2480 — — 016 34-67 27-87 — — — — — 4-95 2970 2969 — 0-2I 34-67 27-87 — — — — — 5-06 3460 — 0-29 34-67 27-88 5-14 209 27 1151—1154 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 1151 1152 1153 1154 Position 66° 35-5' S. o6° 303' E 68° 03' S, 08° 03' E 69° 22' S, 09° 37-s' E 69° 20-8' S, 09° 33-8' E 69° 19-6' S, 09° 34-i' E 69° i6-i' S, 09° 294' E 69° 15-8' S, 09° 30-2' E 69° 14-8' S, 09° 37-3' E Date 1933 II iii Hour 0900 2004 0906 1035 1200 1600 2000 2335 Sounding (metres) 3968* 3038* WIND Direction Lt airs SWxS SSE SxE SSE SxE SxE Lt airs Force (knots) 7-10 16 10 12 8 2 1-3 SEA SWxS SSE SxE SSE SxE SxE Force 2 3 I o-i o Weather O Lt snow be be be o be 1001-7 1005-6 1009-7 1009-0 1008-7 1009-9 1008-8 1007-9 Air Temp. ' C. Dry bulb -7-4 -7-4 -7-0 -5-1 -4-9 -4-3 Wet bulb -7-7 -7-4 -7-8 -5-6 -5-7 -5-0 Remarks low NNE swell low conf. NE swell mod. eonf. NE swell mod. NNE swell mod. NE swell low N X E swell low N x E swell mod. N X E swell 210 R.R.S. Discovery II 1151—1154 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks u Mg. — atom m.^ TIME moon (days) Depth io Temp, pH Nitrate 0, Gear Depth ^metres) 0.C = C. S ^' at P + Nitrite N, Nitrite N, Si c.c. litre (metres) From To 1151 15 0 0-03 34-'7 27-46 N50 V N 70 B N 100 B N70 B N 100 B N 100 H 1 00-0 ■ 1 00-0 1 295-110 0-5 0902 0922 0922 0923 0912 0942 0952 0953 — I hour KT DGP 1152 15 0 — — 0-76 34-28 27-59 — — — — — 7-62 N70 V 1000-300 2005 10 — -079 34-29 27-59 — — — — — ,. 1000-750 20 — -o-8i 3429 27-59 — — — — 7-63 ,, 750-500 30 — -o-8i 34-29 27-59 — — — — — — ,, 500-250 40 — -0-85 34-30 27-60 — — — — — 7-59 >> 250-100 50 — -0-89 34-31 27-61 — — — — — — ,, 100-50 60 — -0-89 34-31 27-61 — — — — — 7-55 ,, 50-0 80 — -0-99 34-32 27-62 — — — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 — 2250 100 150 — -1-29 -0-87 34-36 34-50 27-66 27-76 z z — _ z 6-81 5-72 N70B N 100 B 1 I 15-0 2304 2324 KT 200 300 — 0-41 o-8i 34-61 34-68 27-80 27-82 — — z z — 4-78 4-38 N70B N 100 B ,- 340-120 2304 2334 DGP 400 — I -OS 34-70 27-82 — — — — — 4-30 N 100 H 0-5 2308 2338 600 — 0-88 34-70 27-83 — — — — — 4-41 800 — 0-68 34-69 27-83 — — — — — 4-50 990 991 0-51 34-68 27-84 — — — — — 4-50 1490 — 0-20 34-68 27-86 — — — — — 4-67 1980 — o-oi 34-68 27-87 — — — — — 4-74 2480 — — 0-12 34-68 27-88 — — — — — 5-01 2970 2968 — 0-19 34-67 27-87 — — — — — 5-04 3460 — — 0-20 34-67 27-87 5-09 N70B N 100 B TKT. Station worked in streams 1153 16 — — — — — f I 17-0 0925 0945 of pancake ice and fragments of light \ floes N70B N 100 B i 365-140 0925 0955 DGP NiooH 0-5 0923 0956 1154 16 0 _ -1-57 34-14 27-50 — 1-98 21-42 0-24 44-7 7-66 TYFV 250-0 1200 Station worked in 10 — . -i'53 34-14 27-50 — 1-98 — 0-25 45-7 — 500-250 thin streams of 20 - 1-50 34-14 27-50 — 1-96 23-92 0-25 46-9 7-60 750-500 pancake ice and oc- 30 - 1-40 34-16 27-51 — 1-96 0-25 44-7 — 1000-750 casional fragments 40 — -1-37 34-21 27-55 — 1-92 25-70 0-24 42-2 7-51 I5OO-IOOO of light floes 50 — -1-23 34-23 27-56 — 1-92 — 0-24 44-7 — 2000-0 60 — — i-io 34-24 27-57 — 1-94 27-13 024 42-7 7-33 2000-1500 80 — -1-19 34-29 27-60 — 1-98 29-27 0-24 47-5 — 2800-2000 — 1930 100 — -1-39 34-32 27-64 — 201 28-20 0-21 50-0 6-86 N 50 V 1 00-0 1350 1400 150 — -1-43 34-48 27-77 — 2-07 31-41 0-19 55-0 6-16 N70 V 50-0 1625 200 — o-8i 34-57 27-73 — 2-15 33-91 0-00 61-2 5-17 100-50 300 — o-6i 34-67 27-83 — 2-15 — 0-00 64-3 4-58 250-100 400 — 0-82 34-68 27-82 — 2-15 35-70 0-00 65-5 4-44 500-260 600 — o-8o 34-70 27-84 — 2-07 — — 65-S 4-46 750-520 800 — 0-59 34-70 27-85 2-05 34-62 — 67-8 4-54 1000-770 — 1820 1000 — 0-41 34-69 27-85 — 2-05 — — 84-4 4-60 N 100 H 0-5 1949 2019 1500 — 0-2I 34-68 2786 — 2-05 30-34 — 86-3 4-74 TYFB J- 240-0 1949 2039 DGP 2000 — — O-OI 34-68 27-87 — 2-05 — — 88-3 4-94 N 70 B 2500 — — 0-09 34-67 27-87 — 2-05 30-70 — 88-3 4-96 N70H 1 20-30 2100 2130 KT 3000 — — 0-14 34-67 27-87 — 2-01 30-34 — 88-3 5-07 N 100 H N70H N 100 H 10 5 J2I38 2208 N 100 H 0-5 2140 2210 N70H N 100 H 10 5 I2219 2249 N 100 H 0-5 2220 2250 N70H N 100 H 10 5 j-2258 2328 N 100 H 0-5 2259 2329 211 1155—1160 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position Date Sounding (metres) WIND Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1155 1156 67° 02-6' S, 12° i3'9' E 64° 43'3' S, 14° 41-4' E 64° 42-9' S, 14° 41-9' E 64° 41-5' S, 14" 42-3' E 1157 1158 61° 51-5' S, 14° 31-3' E 58° 37-5' S, 14° 42-7' E 58° 35-2' S, 14" 42-9' E sS^ss-S'S, 14° 42-9' E 1159 1160 55° 487' S, 14° 45-2' E 52° 41-s' S, 14° 30-4' E 52° 43-1' S, 14° 29-1' E 52° 45-2' S, i4°27'E 52° 45-6' S, 14° 24-7' E 1933 13 iii 14 111 1500 0830 1200 1600 SWxS SWxS SWxW SWxW 16 10-17 15 14 SWxS SWxS SW SWxW be IOOI-6 9967 996-3 994-5 -07 0-0 o-o -0-8 ■1-7 -0-6 -0-6 -1-5 low NNW swell low S X W swell mod. conf. S and SE swells 15 111 16 iii 0830 1200 1600 5127* N ssw SxW SSW IS 18 24 SSW SxW SSW 3-4 4 4 csp csp o 990-7 997-5 999-3 1000-3 -0-7 0-3 0-6 o-o — o-i — 1-0 mod. conf. W swell heavy WSW swell heavy WSW swell mod. WSW swell 17 111 18 iii 1 106 0830 1200 1600 2000 2633* WSW SWxW SWxW WSW WxN 23 2-^ 24 17 24 WSW SWxW SWxW WSW WxN osp o c o ope 997-1 1001-3 1002-0 998-1 998-1 0-6 i-i i-i 0-6 1-3 0-0 0-0 o-i 1-2 mod. WSW swell hea-vy SW swell heavy SW swell hea\'y SW swell heavy SW swell 212 R.R.S. Discovery II 1155—1160 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS - kH Mg. — atom m.^ TIME Station Age of moon (days) Depth netres) q| Temp. S°/o= at 0. c.c. litre Gear Remarks pH P Vitrate + Nitrite Nitrite N, N, Si Depth (metres) From To 1155 17 O — - -0-23 34-14 27-45 — — — — — — N 100 H TYFB 1 N70B J N50 V 0-5 300-0 1 00-0 1525 1525 1629 1555 1615 1635 DGP 1156 l8 O 0-69 33-96 27-25 — I-4I 26-77 0-30 26-9 7-53 TYFV 3100-2000 0851 10 — 0-69 33-96 27-25 — 1-39 — 0-30 27-1 2000-1500 20 0-67 33-96 27-25 1-35 26-77 0-29 28-5 7-51 1 5 00- 1 000 30 0-49 34-01 27-30 — 1-43 — 0-28 28-5 — 1000-760 40 0-31 34-05 27-34 — 1-44 24-99 0-27 29-4 7-42 750-500 50 -1-36 34-28 27-61 — 1-88 0-25 44-1 — 500-250 60 - 1-50 34-33 27-64 1-81 31-77 0-28 48-1 6-76 250-0 1515 80 — 0-92 34-42 27-69 — 2-03 36-41 0-34 52-0 — N50 V 1 00-0 1215 1222 1615 100 029 34-58 27-77 2-03 38-91 o-io 56-7 4-77 N 100 H 0-5 1545 15° I-OI 34-67 27-80 — 2-17 36-77 0-00 59-3 4-30 TYFB j- 280-0 1545 1635 DGP 200 I-13 34-68 27-80 — 2-15 37-48 0-00 61-2 4-26 N 70 B 300 I-I I 34-68 2780 2-17 0-00 63-3 4-30 400 III 34-70 27-82 — 2-01 36-41 0-00 67-8 4-35 600 770 960 1440 I9IO 2480 — 095 0-79 o-6i 0-33 o-o8 — 012 34-70 34-70 34-69 34-68 34-68 34-67 27-83 27-84 27-84 27-85 27-87 27-87 \ 2-03 2-03 2-03 1-96 1-96 1-96 38-55 34-62 34-27 — 70-3 73-0 79-1 82-5 82-5 80-8 82-5 88-3 88-3 86-3 4-47 4-37 4-56 4-45 4-77 4-60 Reversing bottles at 770, 960, 1440, 1 9 10 and 2872 metres were on same haul, whilst reversing bottles at 2870 3470 3960 2872 — 020 -0-2I — 0-29 34-67 34-67 34-66 27-87 27-87 27-87 — 1-92 1-88 1-84 34-27 — 4-99 4-99 5-25 2480, 3470, 3960 and 4454 metres were on another 4460 4454 -0-31 34-66 27-87 — 1-84 35-34 5-19 haul 1157 19 0 — 089 33-96 27-24 — ^ N 50 V TYFB N70 B 1 00-0 \ 240-0 III5 I128 I 122 I218 DGP 1158 20 0 o-6i 33-78 27-12 1-67 25-70 0-36 33-6 7-47 TYFB \ 260-0 0841 0931 DGP 10 061 33-78 27-12 — 1-67 0-36 36-2 — N 70 B 20 061 33-78 27-12 — 1-56 26-77 0-36 36-2 7-48 N50 V 1 00-0 1000 lOIO 30 o-6i 33-78 27-12 — 1-54 — 0-36 38-3 — TYFV 3000-2000 0955 40 o-6o 33-79 27-13 — 1-56 27-84 0-36 40-0 7-46 .. 2000-1500 50 — 1-69 34-16 27-51 — 2-05 — 0-41 50-0 — >) 1 500-1000 60 -1-78 34-19 27-55 — 2-OS 32-13 0-44 52-7 7-26 >> 1000-730 80 -1-78 34-22 27-56 2-07 31-05 0-45 53-5 — .. 750-500 100 --1-69 34-25 27-58 — 1-92 32-84 0-38 57-5 6-99 >. 500-250 1635 150 -0-39 34-55 27-79 — 2-15 34-98 0-00 66-6 S-08 " 250-0 200 — 0-2I 34-66 27-84 — 2-24 36-41 o-oo 73-0 4-47 300 "0-39 34-67 27-84 — 2-24 — 0-00 82-5 4-29 390 — 0-35 34-67 27-84 — 2-11 36-77 0-00 80-8 4-26 490 — 0-36 34-68 27-85 — 2-17 — — 82-5 4-09 580 — 0-35 34-68 27-85 — 2-17 — — 84-4 4-19 780 — 0-25 34-67 27-85 — 2-15 36-77 — 88-3 4-41 970 — 0-14 34-67 27-85 — 2-05 — — 88-3 4-52 * 1460 1464 — 0-04 34-67 27-86 — 1-96 36-41 — 86-3 4-76 1940 — 019 34-67 27-87 — 1-94 — — 84-4 4-95 2430 2426 — 0-30 34-66 27-87 — 1-86 34-98 — 88-3 5-03 2970 — -036 34-66 27-87 — 1-92 — 86-3 5-12 3470 — — 0-41 34-66 27-87 — 2 00 34-62 — 86-3 5-02 3970 — -0-45 34-66 27-87 — 1-92 — 86-3 5-31 4460 4460 -0-49 34-66 27-87 — 1-90 34-98 — 79-1 5-27 4960 — -0-45 34-66 27-87 " 1-92 34-98 78-3 5-33 N50 V TYFB N70B 100-0 1 1 25 II36 1159 21 0 0-52 33-99 27-29 i 230-0 I152 1238 DGP. N 70 B split 1160 22 0 10 — I-OI I-OI 33-96 33-96 27-23 27-23 — 1-88 1-88 27-84 036 0-36 33-3 40-0 7-35 TYFB TYFV 270-0 250-0 0852 1000 0942 DGP 20 30 I-OI I-OI 33-96 33-96 27-23 27-23 — 1-86 1-81 28-20 0-36 0-36 40-0 40-4 7-37 " 500—250 750-500 213 1160—1165 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 1160 cont. 1161 1162 Position 52° 4i-s' S, 14" 30-4' E 52° 43-1' S, 14° 29-1' E 52° 45-2' S, 14° 27' E 52° 45-6' S, 14° 24-7' E 50° 23-1' S, 13° 55'2' E 46° 47-2' S, 12° 39-4' E 46° 47-9' S, 12° 37-5' E n.itc 1933 18 iii 1163 1164 1165 44° 35-9' S, 11° 3S-S' E 41° 45' S, 10° 07-6' E 41° oi' S, 09° 34-3' E 40° 58-6' S, 09° 32-8' E 40° 57-3' S, 09° 30-1' E 40° 547' S, 09° 25-5' E 23 II' 0830 1200 1600 Sounding (metres) 19 iii 1606 0621 24 111 1 130 1630 0607 0800 1200 1600 4522" WIND Direction w w w 4556 4641" WxN SWxS wsw WxN NWxW NW Force (knots) 24 24 38 30 iS 15 21 SEA Direction w w w WxN SWxS WSW WxN NWxW NW Force be bcpq S i2 0) TO 991-6 990-0 991-2 Air Tetnp. ^ C bcq bcq c opr op 1001-9 IOIO-6 1018-8 1019-1 1018-2 1016-3 Dry 31 5-7 6-1 Wet bulb V4 7-9 9-4 9-9 lo-o 12-3 2-9 4-1 4-0 Remarlis heavy conf. WSW s-well heavy conf. WNW s-well heavy conf. W s-well 6-6 5-5 7-4 7-1 9-8 II-8 heavy conf. W swell hea-vy conf. W s-well heavy conf. WSW swell heavy conf. SW swell heavy conf. SW swell hea-vy conf. WSW swell 214 R.R.S. Discovery II 1160—1165 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Age of l-r Mg. — atom m.' TIME Station moon (days) Depth metres) 11 Q u Temp. °C. S V.o at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite N, Nitrite Si 0. c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To 1160 22 4° lOI 33-96 27-23 — I-81 28-56 0-36 43-6 7-36 TYFV 1000-750 cont. 5° I-OI 3396 27-23 — I-81 — 0-36 43-6 — ,, 15OO-IOOO 2135 6o I-OI 33-96 27-23 I-81 28-56 0-36 43-6 7-39 N50V 100-0 1640 165I 8o 0-96 33-96 27-24 — I-7I 32-48 0-36 43-6 lOO o-io 34-oS 27-35 — 2-01 34-62 0-36 48-7 6-54 150 0-12 34-30 27-55 — 2-13 36-05 019 60-3 5-47 200 I-OI 34-47 27-64 — 2-15 41-41 000 622 4-58 300 1-62 34-61 27-72 2-19 — 0-00 65-5 4-14 400 1-63 34-66 27-75 2-15 34-98 0-00 67-8 4-18 590 1-50 34-68 27-78 — 2-01 73-0 4-23 790 1-40 34-72 27-81 — 2-01 35-70 — 75-9 4-34 990 1-09 34-70 27-82 — 2-01 — — 79-1 4-41 1480 0-67 34-70 27-85 — 1-90 34-98 — 86-3 4-52 1980 0-46 34-69 27-84 2-17 — 88-3 4-59 2470 2472 029 34-68 27-85 — 2-17 34-27 — 88-3 4-65 1161 23 0 — 2-76 33-98 27-12 — — — — — — N 100 B N 100 B 91-0 340-150 162I 162I 164I 165I KT DGP 1162 24 0 10 — 6-00 6-00 33-96 33-96 26-75 26-75 — 1-39 1-27 14-99 0-50 0-50 6-0 5-5 6-66 TYFB N70B \ 280-0 0635 0725 DGP. N 70 B net damaged 20 6-00 33-96 26-75 — 1-37 15-71 0-51 5-5 6-68 TYFSV 250-0 0830 30 6-00 33-96 26-75 — 1-44 — 0-51 5-5 — ,, 500-250 40 6-00 33-96 26-75 1-25 15-71 0-52 7-4 6-65 ,, 750-500 1420 50 600 3396 26-75 — 1-25 0-51 4-9 — N 50 V 1 00-0 1435 1444 60 6-00 33-96 26-75 1-22 15-71 0-51 5-0 6-66 80 600 33-96 26-75 — I-18 15-71 0-51 5-1 100 5-6i 33-96 26-80 — 1-29 16-42 0-80 6-4 6-64 150 4-58 34-14 27-06 1-35 26-41 0-00 7-6 6-59 190 4-18 34-14 27-11 — I-4I 25-70 0-00 9-0 6-50 290 3-70 34-15 27-17 1-63 — 0-00 10-7 5-95 390 3-24 34-18 27-24 — 1-63 27-13 o-oo 13-3 5-84 580 2-70 34-23 27-32 — 1-82 — — 22-3 5-34 770 2-55 34-32 27-41 2-1 1 36-41 — 38-3 4-74 970 2-52 34-46 27-52 2-19 — 40-4 4-14 1450 1451 2-53 34-68 27-69 — 2-09 35-70 — 44-1 3-97 1970 2-39 34-77 27-78 — 1-88 — — 46-9 4-39 2460 2-OI 34-77 27-81 — 1-60 29-63 — 52-7 4-32 2960 1-55 34-76 27-83 1-84 — — 70-3 4-45 3450 1-07 34-72 27-84 — 1-92 33-20 — 75-9 4-55 3940 3939 0-83 34-70 27-84 1-96 33-91 — 79-1 4-44 1163 26 0 7-60 34-13 26-67 — — — — — — Weather conditions 200 — 5-80 34-23 26-99 — — — — 5-62 too bad for nets 400 — 4-72 34-23 27-12 — — — — 6-41 and further ob- 590 — 3-60 34-20 27-21 — — — — — 5-57 servations 790 786 2-94 34-24 27-31 — — — — — 5-09 1164 27 0 _ 10-71 34-40 26-38 — — — — Weather conditions 400 — 5-59 34-31 27-08 — — — — — 5-42 too bad for nets 600 — 4-23 34-22 27-16 — — — — 5-34 790 — 3-51 34-28 27-29 — — — — 5-03 990 — 2-96 34-36 27-40 — — — — — 4-51 1 190 1 186 2-81 34-47 27-50 — — — 3-98 1165 28 0 — 15-50 35-23 26-05 — 0-36 1-43 024 3-1 5-31 TYFB • 250-0 0618 0708 DGP 10 — 15-50 35-23 26-05 — 0-36 — 0-24 4-0 — N 70 B 1 ^ 20 — 15-50 35-23 26-05 — 0-36 1-43 0-25 4-0 5-31 TYFSV 250-0 0735 30 — 15-50 35-23 26-05 — 0-36 — 0-25 3-9 — 500-250 40 — 15-50 35-23 26-05 — 0-29 1-78 0-26 3-6 5-31 750-500 50 — 15-50 35-23 26-05 — 0-25 — 0-25 3-2 — 1000-750 60 — 15-50 35-23 26-05 — 0-2S 1-43 0-26 3-1 5-31 150O-IOOO 80 — 15-50 35-23 26-05 — 0-27 1-43 0-26 3-0 — 2000-1470 1520 100 — 15-49 35-23 26-06 — 0-25 1-43 0-24 2-7 S-30 N50 V 1 00-0 1535 1545 150 — 15-43 35-23 26-07 — 0-29 3-21 0-25 2-6 5-30 200 — 9-71 34-47 26-61 — 0-89 15-71 1-14 9-8 5-85 290 — 9-29 34-81 26-95 — 1-60 — 0-06 11-7 4-23 390 — 7-31 34-65 27-12 — I-S8 27-13 0-14 18-6 4-05 215 1165—1168 R.R.S. Discovery II Static Date Sounding (metres) WIND Force (knots) SEA Direction Force Weather Sri Air Temp. '^ C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1165 cont. 41° oi' S, 09° 34-3' E 40° 58-6' S, 09° 32-8' E 40° 57-3' S, 09° 30-1' E 40° 54-7' S, 09° 25-5' E 1166 38° 32-7' S, 07° 48-3' E 1167 36°oi-3' S, 06° 31-5' E 36° oo-s' S, 06° 34-2' E 36° 00' S, 06° 31-4' E 1168 34° o8-2' S, 15° 34-2' E 1933 24 iii 0607 0800 1200 1600 25 111 1300 5288* WxS WxS 1026-9 14-2 13-6 mod. conf. swell WxS 26 iii 0834 1200 1600 5290 WxN Lt airs SSW 6 2-3 2 WxN SSW 1028-0 1027-5 1024-9 18-3 20-2 19-5 iS-6 16-8 16-6 low SW X S swell low SW X S swell low conf. SSE and SW swells 4 IV 0900 4128* SxE 20-23 SxE be 1019-0 17-1 14-6 SSE swell 216 R.R.S. Discovery II 1165—1168 jtstion Age of HVDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks 0' OJ Mg. — atom m.^ TIME (days) Depth xi Temp. Nitrate 0, Depth (metres) ' C. S ^ Vo at pH P Nitrite Nitrite Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To 1165 28 580 _ 4-85 34-48 27-30 2-76 0-00 26-2 4-12 cunt. 780 — 3-74 34-47 27-41 — 2-83 33-55 0-00 32-4 3-99 970 — 2-90 34-47 27-49 — 2-98 0-00 37-6 4-03 1460 — 2-63 34-67 27-68 — 2-83 32-48 0-00 43-6 4-00 1940 — 2-67 34-81 27-79 2-22 — 40-4 4-50 2430 2432 2-47 34-84 27-83 — 2-30 27-13 0-00 36-9 4-80 2930 — 232 34-84 27-84 — 2-01 0-00 39-1 4-89 3420 — 202 34-82 27-86 — 2-13 2356 0-00 45-7 4-87 3910 — 1-37 34-77 27-86 — 2-41 0-00 61-2 4-41 4400 4395 I -07 34-75 27-87 — 2-59 28-56 0-00 63-3 4-52 liottom 103 34-73 27-85 1166 29 0 — 14-12 34-59 25-87 — — — N50 V 1 00-0 1456 1508 390 580 6-54 479 34-40 34-30 27-03 27-16 z z z 12-2 7-6 5-63 S-3I TYFB N70B 1 306-0 1523 1613 DGP 770 — 3-48 — — — — — — — 5-30 970 — 306 34-27 27-32 — — — — 11-8 4-99 I 160 — 2-85 34-40 27-44 — — — — 18-9 4-51 1360 — 2-74 34-49 27-52 — — — — 24-6 4-18 1550 1543 2-69 34-58 27-60 — — — — 29-4 3-96 1167 0 0 — 19-56 35-63 25-38 — 0-15 0-00 000 2-5 5-02 TYFB 280-0 0849 0939 DGP 10 — 19-59 35-63 25-37 — 0-15 o-oo 2-0 — N 70 B I 20 — 19-53 35-63 25-39 — 0-15 0-00 0-00 2-1 5-06 TYFSV 250-0 lOIO 3° — 19-52 35-63 25-39 — 0-I3 — 0-00 2-8 — 500-250 40 — 1952 35-63 25-39 0-13 0-00 o-oo 2-5 5-04 750-500 50 — 19-40 35-62 25-41 — 0-I3 — 0-00 2-3 1000-750 60 — 19-22 35-62 25-46 — 0-13 0-00 0-00 2-7 5-06 1500-0 80 — 16-72 35-44 25-93 — 0-17 000 0-05 1-9 — I 500-1 000 100 — 15-91 35-39 26-08 — 0-25 0-00 0-04 1-8 5-47 2000-1500 150 — 14-42 35-26 26-31 — 0-40 3-28 0-04 2-8 5-10 3000-2000 171O 200 — 13-02 35-03 26-43 0-55 7-14 0-00 2-5 5-11 N50 V 1 00-0 1527 1534 300 — 11-90 34-98 26-62 — 0-67 — 000 2-9 4-80 390 — IO-99 34-97 26-77 — 1-03 13-56 000 3-7 4-88 590 — 7-14 34-51 27-03 — 1-79 — — II-O 4-60 790 — 4-41 34-31 27-21 — 1-96 27-13 — 13-5 5-03 990 — 3-63 34-33 27-31 — 2-19 — — 23-3 4-57 1480 — 2-78 34-58 27-59 — 2-40 29-27 — 35-8 3-95 1970 — 2-77 34-80 27-77 — 1-98 — — 29-9 4-47 2470 — 2-63 34-85 27-82 — 1-94 23-56 — 28-8 4-78 2960 — 2-43 34-86 27-84 1-62 — — 29-9 4-70 3450 — 2-27 34-85 27-85 — 1-65 24-99 — 33-3 4-95 39SO 1-67 34-80 27-86 — 1-81 — — 46-3 4-75 4440 4443 1-19 34-75 27-86 — 2-15 28-20 — 52-7 4-56 4930 — 1-12 34-74 27-85 — 2-03 — 61-2 4-44 1168 9 0 — 17-86 35-43 25-65 — — — — — 5-20 TYFB 1 272-0 0920 lOIO DGP. - 2 hours 10 — 17-89 35-43 25-64 — — — — — — N 70 B 20 — 17-89 35-43 25-64 — — — — — 5-23 Nso V 100-0 1020 1027 30 — 17-89 35-43 25-64 40 — 17-89 35-43 25-64 — — — — 5-20 50 — 17-83 35-43 25-66 60 — 17-03 35-44 25-86 — — — — 4-64 80 — 16-53 35-44 25-98 100 — 16-62 35-46 25-98 — — — — — 4-60 150 — 14-20 35-23 26-34 — — — — — 4-90 200 — 13-16 35-13 26-48 — — — — — 4-83 300 — 11-43 35-01 26-73 — — — — — 4-82 390 — 9-94 34-84 26-86 — — — — — 4-85 590 — 5-84 34-43 27-15 — — — — — 4-99 790 — 4-15 34-30 27-23 — — — — — 5-02 990 — 3-37 34-38 27-38 — — — — 4-48 1480 1478 2-73 34-70 27-70 — — — — — 4-08 1980 — 2-73 34-88 27-84 — — — — — 4-63 2470' 2468 2-48 34-88 27-86 — — — — — 4-85 2940 — 2-29 34-87 27-86 — — — — — 5-01 3450 — 1-99 34-85 27-87 — — — — — 4-74 3950 — i-i I 34-76 27-86 — — — — — 4-71 217 2S 1169—1172 R.R.S. Discovery II Hour Sounding (metres) Direction Force (knots) SEA Direction Weather Air Temp. ^ C. Drv bulb Wet bulb 1169 33' 59-7' S, 11° 36-8' E 1933 5 iv 0903 4967* S s s s 1170 1171 1172 33° 57-9' S, 08° IO-6' E 6 iv 0900 5130* SExE 16 SExE 33° 29-6' S, 05° 29-9' E 33° 02-4' S, 05° is' E 7 IV 7 IV 0300 0837 5060* 5163* ENE 5-7 ENE cp bcp 10171 I020-2 17-2 173 15-7 14-2 mod. conf. S x W swell mod. conf. S x W swell be 1024-4 15-4 II-8 hea\'y SSW swell be cp I02I-6 I02I-3 17-2 17-8 15-0 14-5 heavy SSE swell mod. SSE swell 218 R.R.S. Discovery II 1169—1172 Station Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 1m Mg. — atom m.' TIME moon (days) Depth y Temp. pH Nitrate 0, Depth Remarks (metres) 4-. 0 ■c. S '"!.-,-, at P + Nitrite Ns Nitrite N, Si c.c. litre Gear (metres) From To 1169 lO O 10 — 18-23 18-33 35-54 35-55 25-65 25-63 — — — — — 5-07 TYFB N70B } 298-0 0921 lOIl DGP 20 18-33 35-55 25-63 — — — — 5-07 N50 V 1 00-0 1030 1038 30 18-33 35-55 25-63 40 i8-33 35-55 25-63 — ■ — — 5-06 50 i8-33 35-55 25-63 60 18-33 35-55 25-63 — — — — 5-07 80 18-23 35-54 25-65 100 17-53 35-53 25-82 — — — — 4-60 150 16-32 35-46 2605 — — — — 4-55 200 14-89 35-35 26-29 — — — — 4-57 300 12-89 35-11 26-52 — — — — 4-80 400 11-64 35-02 26-70 — — — 4-90 600 900 34-71 26-92 — — — 4-76 Large stray on 800 5-70 34-50 27-21 — — — — 4-60 hydrological wire 1000 396 34-35 27-30 — — — — 4-57 between 600 and 1500 2-83 34-66 27-65 — — — — 4-03 2000 metres 2000 2-84 34-81 27-78 — — — — 4-61 2500 2-75 34-86 27-81 — — — — 4-77 Very large stray on 3000 2-55 34-86 27-83 — — — — 4-99 hydrological wire 3500 2-38 34-87 27-86 — — — — 5-00 between 2500 and 4000 209 34-84 27-86 — — — — 4-90 4500 metres 4500 1-29 34-77 27-86 — — — — 4-64 1170 I I 0 19-27 35-66 25-47 — — — 5-05 TYFB 310-0 0915 1005 DGP 10 19-17 35-65 25-49 — — — — N50 V 1 00-0 1020 1031 20 i8-9S 35-65 25-55 — — — — 5-11 30 18-94 35-65 25-55 40 i8-86 35-64 25-56 — — — — 5 -09 50 18-85 35-64 25-56 60 18-83 35-64 25-57 — — — — 5-09 80 18-58 35-60 25-60 100 17-23 35-51 25-87 — — — 4-64 150 15-72 35-44 26-17 — — — — 4-75 200 14-51 35-28 26-31 — — — — 4-86 300 12-58 35-14 26-60 — — — — 4-84 400 11-17 34-98 26-76 — — — — 4-89 600 7-64 34-59 27-03 — — 450 800 4-52 34-29 27-18 — — — 5-12 990 3-55 34-41 27-38 — — — — 4-60 1490 2-76 34-64 27-65 — — — 3-90 1990 1989 2-71 34-81 27-79 — — — — 4-55 2490 2-57 34-86 27-83 — — — — 4-87 2980 2-39 34-87 27-86 — — — — 4-92 3480 2-20 34-86 27-86 — — — — 4-81 3980 I-S3 34-80 27-87 — — — 4-76 4480 1-12 34-77 27-87 — — — — 4-71 [DGP. Large stray 1171 12 0 400 19-90 11-42 35-66 35-OI 25-31 26-73 — — — — S'oo 4-82 TYFB N70B i 320-0 0314 0354 on hydrological wire, station aban- { doned N50 V 1 00-0 0430 0445 1172 12 0 10 — 19-61 19-73 35-69 35-70 25-40 25-38 — — — — — 501 20 19-73 35-70 25-38 — — — — 4-99 30 19-73 35-70 25-38 40 19-73 35-70 25-38 — — — — 4-99 5° 19-73 35-70 25-38 60 19-73 35-70 25-38 — — — 4-99 80 18-43 35-55 25-60 100 17-85 35-53 25-74 — — — — 4-58 150 16-61 35-46 25-98 — — — — 4-42 190 14-91 35-35 26-28 — — — — 4-56 290 13-ro 35-18 26-54 — — — — 4-67 380 11-20 34-96 26-72 — — — — 4-80 580 8-10 34-61 26-97 — — — — 4-24 770 4-68 34-34 27-21 ~ " 4-78 219 1172—1176 R.R.S, Discovery U Station 1172 cont. 1173 1174 1175 1176 Position 33° 02-4' S, 05° 15' E 29° 39' S, 03° 37' E 29° 37-i' S, 03° 35-5' E 29° 37-i' S, 03° 35-5' E 25° 59-4' S, 02° ii-8'E 23° 33-4' S, 01° 14' E 23° 36-4' S, 01° 12' E 20° 15-3' S, 00° i5-2'W Date 1933 7 iv 9 IV Hour 0839 1200 1600 1700 I I 10 1600 1700 Sounding (metres) 4880* 4949' 5216* 5526* WIND Direction NE NE NxE W SxW SxE SExE Force (knots) 15 11-14 10-12 14 17-20 25 SEA Direction NE NE NxE W SxW SxE SExE Force 3 3 conf 3 2 4 conf. Weather o c be be be eqp o — IOI4I 1014-3 IOIO-2 IOI9I 1017-5 IO17-9 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 19-6 20-4 20-8 22-2 21-2 21-6 Wet bulb 159 iS-8 16-7 i8-9 18-9 18-4 17-8 Remarks mod. eonf. E swell mod. ESE swell mod. E swell low SW x W swell low SxW swell low conf. SW swell heavy conf. SE x E and SW swells 220 R.R.S. Discovery II 1172—1176 Age of HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS . V Mg. — atom m.^ TIME WcmirlfQ station moon (days) Depth ^metres) Si t; Temp. °C. s ';,... at pH P Nitrate + Nitrite Nj Nitrite N. Si 0, c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) From To IX^II tdl IV^ 1172 12 960 3-6s 34-38 27-35 4-47 COtlt. 1440 — 2-84 34-65 27-64 — — — — 3-90 1920 1917 2-91 34-86 27-80 — ■ — — — 4-72 2400 — 2-67 34-86 27-82 — — — — 4-88 2880 — 2-43 34-88 27-86 — — — — 4-68 3360 — 2-34 34-88 27-87 — — — — 4-S0 3840 — 2-23 34-86 27-86 — — — — 4-81 4320 — 1-75 34-84 27-89 — — — — 4-83 1173 13 0 — 21-04 3562 24-97 — 0-I3 0-00 0-00 3-7 4-90 TYFB N70B 290-0 0853 0943 DGP. - I hour 10 — 21-11 35-62 24-95 0-13 — 0-00 3-2 20 — 21-11 3562 2495 — 0-13 0-00 0-00 2-9 4-92 TYFSV 250-0 0955 30 — 2I-II 35-62 2495 — o-i I — 0-00 2-7 — j> 500-250 40 — 21-II 35-62 24-95 o-ii 0-00 0-00 2-8 4-90 i» 750-500 50 — 2I-II 35-62 24-95 o-io — 0-00 3-2 — 1, 1000-750 60 — 2I-II 35-62 24-95 — o-i I 0-00 000 2-9 4-93 ,, 1 5 00- 1 000 80 — 17-63 35-44 25-72 — o-i I O-OO 0-15 2-9 — ,, 2000-1500 100 — i6-oi 35-40 26-07 — 0-17 2-64 0-28 3-6 5-01 ,, 3000-2000 — 1700 150 — 14-63 35-29 2629 — 0-19 3-43 0-00 4-3 5-05 N50 V 1 00-0 1520 1528 200 — 13-22 35-IO 26-45 — 0-27 7-14 0-00 4-2 5-09 290 — ii-8i 35-01 26-66 — 0-32 — 000 5-5 4-81 390 — 10-08 34-82 26-82 — 0-44 17-13 0-00 6-5 4-77 590 — 6-37 34-47 27-11 — I-3I — — 10-4 4-56 780 — 4-07 34-50 27-40 — 1-41 28-20 — 13-2 4-72 gSo — 3-55 34-43 27-40 — 1-88 — — 23-8 4-00 1460 — 2-96 34-71 27-69 — 1-79 31-77 — 29-9 4-17 1950 — 3-03 34-87 27-80 — 1-39 — — 25-8 4-73 2440 2440 2-67 34-91 27-87 — 1-33 27-49 — 24-0 5-00 2930 2926 2-44 34-90 27-88 — I-3I — — 27-1 5-02 3420 — 2-33 34-88 27-87 — 1-35 28-20 — 29-4 4-92 3910 — 1-83 34-83 27-87 — 1-52 — — 365 4-80 4390 — I-I5 34-76 27-86 — 1-67 32-84 — 50-6 4-48 1174 15 0 22-41 35-83 24-75 — — — — — — N 50 V 1 00-0 1740 1747 GMT 390 — 9-20 34-75 26-92 — — — — 7-4 4-19 TYFB 310-0 1804 1854 DGP 580 — 5-84 3443 27-15 — — — — 12-3 4-13 N 70 B I 970 — 3-35 34-48 27-46 — — — — 253 3-88 1170 — 3-35 34-66 27-60 — — — — 25-3 4-01 1360 1358 3-23 34-75 27-69 — — — 23-0 4-37 1175 15 0 22-62 35-97 24-80 — 0-19 0-00 0-00 3-2 4-78 TYFSV 3000-1985 III5 10 — 22-52 35-97 24-83 — 0-17 — 0-00 3-7 — ,, 2000-1500 20 — 22-44 35-97 24-85 — 0-17 0-00 0-00 4-7 4-79 .> 1 5 00- 1 000 30 — 22-44 35-99 24-86 — 0-I7 — 0-00 5-1 — .. 1000-750 40 — 22-44 36-00 24-88 — 0-17 0-00 000 3-7 4-82 j^ 750-500 5° — 21-52 35-88 25-03 — 0-17 — 0-00 7-2 — ,. 500-250 1708 1612 60 80 100 150 190 — 20-36 17-57 16-53 14-82 i2-gi 35-72 35-63 35-54 35-32 35-08 25-24 25-88 26-06 26-27 26-49 0-23 0-30 0-30 0-36 0-67 0-00 0-00 o-oo 3-64 14-28 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 000 3-7 3-5 3-5 3-6 4-6 5-35 5-19 4-95 4-61 N 50 V 250-0 1 00-0 1605 ■Very small trace of nitrite present at 80 and 100 metres, amount too small to be determined 290 — 11-51 35-01 26-71 — 0-82 o-oo 5-1 4-59 DGP 390 — 9-29 34-75 26-90 — 1-33 20-35 0-00 7-6 4-33 TYFB 350-0 1740 1830 580 — 5-08 34-41 27-22 — I-OI — — 13-7 4-22 780 — 4-05 34-42 27-33 — 2-22 33-91 — 17-7 3-89 970 — 3-41 34-49 27-46 — 2-20 — — 23-4 3-79 1460 — 3-32 34-80 27-72 — 1-65 29-27 — 20-8 4-47 1940 — 3-02 34-88 27-81 — 1-24 — — 19-1 4-79 2430 2423 2-63 34-91 27-87 — 1-43 25-70 — 23-2 5-12 2930 2927 2-44 34-91 27-89 — 1-29 — — 23-5 5-10 3420 — 2-42 34-91 27-89 — 1-06 24-99 — 18-0 4-78 3910 — 2-43 34-90 27-88 — 1-37 — — 24-6 4-89 4390 — 2-43 34-90 27-88 — 1-31 25-70 — 25-0 4-70 4880 — 2-53 34-90 27-87 — 1-22 — 25-0 4-89 1176 17 0 22-82 35-98 24-75 — — — — — — N 50 V 1 00-0 1738 1745 200 — 13-32 35-13 26-44 — — — — 4-2 4-29 TYFB N70B 1 308-0 1804 1854 DGP 400 — 856 34-70 26-98 — — — — lO-O 3-15 ) 1 221 1176—1180 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Sounding (metres) WIND Direction Force (knots) SEA Weather Air Temp. '^ C. Dr\- bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1176 cont. 1177 20 ' i5'3' S, oo" 15-2' W 17° 54-i' S, 01° i8-8'W 17° 54-2' S, 01° 17-9' W 1933 1 1 iv 1115 1600 2000 4947'" ESE ESE ESE iS-20 20 16 ESE ESE ESE 1178 14° 25-9' S, 02° 51-5' W 13 IV 5278* SExE SExE 1179 12° 29-8' S, 03° 41-8' W 14 IV II3S 1600 4199" SExE SExE 19 SExE SExE 1180 10° 30-8' S, 04° 41-6' W 15 IV 3899* SE 16 SE c be be 1016-4 1014-1 1017-5 22-8 22-8 22-8 19-2 19-2 ig-i heavy eonf. SE swell heavy conf. SE swell hea\^ conf. SE swell cp 1013-6 23-1 20-9 mod. conf. SE swell 1012-5 23-9 24-0 21-4 mod. conf. SE x E swell mod. conf. SE x E swell be I02I-3 25-4 mod. SE swell 222 R.R.S. Discovery II 1176—1180 Age of HVUROLOGICA . OBSERVATIONS UIOLOGICAL OBSERVAIIOXS -^ ^ Mg. — atom ni.' TIME Station moon (days) Depth metres) 11 Temp. s ";„, ITt PH O2 c.c. litre Gear Depth (metres) Remarks P Nitrate + Nitrite N5 Nitrite Si From To 1176 17 6oo S-77 34-50 27-20 — 14-7 2-64 COIlt. 8oo 4-42 34-48 27-35 — — — 18-8 3-05 lOOO 3-79 34-53 27-46 — — — 19-2 3-57 I200 356 34-66 27-58 — — — 20-2 3-93 1177 17 o 23-33 36-40 24-92 — O-I I 0-00 0-00 2-9 4-67 TYFSV 250-0 II25 lO 23-33 36-40 24-92 — o-ii — 0-00 2-9 — >» 500-250 20 23-33 36-40 24-92 — 0-1 1 0-00 0-00 3-1 4-67 >> 750-500 3° 23-33 36-40 24-92 — 0-1 I — o-oo 3-4 — >. 1000-750 40 23-05 36-34 24-96 — O-I I 0-00 0-00 lo-o 4-72 „ 1500-1000 5° 19-11 35-82 25-64 — 0-21 — 0-00 3-4 — ,, 2000-1500 2015 6o i8-43 35-81 25-80 — 0-23 0-00 0-00 3-7 5-27 N50 V 1 00-0 1750 1800 8o 17-73 35-78 25-96 — 0-30 1-57 0-82 3-8 lOO 17-10 35-65 2600 — 0-42 3-78 0-42 3-6 4-71 15° 15-12 35-45 26-31 — 0-51 7-50 0-00 4-3 4-42 200 13-62 35-23 26-46 — 0-76 15-35 0-00 5-6 3-96 290 10-22 34-88 26-84 — 1-46 — 000 7-1 3-49 390 7-93 34-66 27-04 — 1-96 30-70 o-oo 11-3 2-79 590 5-23 34-49 27-26 — 2-32 — 16-2 2-96 780 4-22 34-49 27-37 — 2-24 39-98 — 20-5 3-23 980 3-78 34-59 27-51 — 2-20 — 22-0 3-46 1460 3-49 34-95 27-82 — 1-43 27-13 — 16-5 4-00 1950 3-19 34-95 27-85 — 1-44 — — 17-3 4-93 2440 2436 2-84 34-93 27-87 — 1-33 23-92 — 21-3 5-01 2930 2-60 34-91 27-88 — 1-37 — — 23-9 4-91 3420 2-51 34-91 27-88 — I-3I 23-92 — 24-8 4-81 3900 2-43 34-91 27-89 — 1-18 — — 21-3 4-47 4390 2-43 34-91 27-89 — 1-31 24-99 — 24-5 4-68 4680 — 2-50 34-91 27-89 — 1-20 — — 25-6 4-87 1178 19 0 24-30 36-64 24-81 — — — — — — N50V 1 00-0 2020 2030 190 11-69 35-09 26-74 — — — — 7-0 1-85 TYFB 1 310-0 2100 2150 DGP 390 8-00 34-76 27-10 — — — — 10-5 1-42 N 70 B 580 5-58 34-55 27-28 — — — 15-0 1-96 770 4-66 34-49 27-33 — — — — 164 2-60 970 4-07 34-56 27-45 — — — — 17-6 3-17 I 160 I 162 3-77 34-72 27-61 — — — — 18-6 3-68 1179 19 0 25-19 36-53 24-46 — O-I I 0-29 0-00 3-6 4-43 TYFSV 250-0 1145 10 25-15 3653 24-47 — O-I I — 0-00 3-4 — 500-250 20 25-15 36-53 24-47 — 01 1 000 0-00 3-1 4-43 750-500 30 40 50 — 25-13 24-52 22-45 36-53 36-59 36-46 24-48 24-71 25-22 — O-I I O-I I 0-15 0-14 0-00 0-00 0-00 3-1 3-2 3-8 4-59 1000-750 1500-1000 2000-1500 _ 1800 Small hole in net above bucket 60 20-53 36-31 25-63 — 0-I7 0-29 0-00 3-8 5-12 N50 V 1 00-0 1605 1615 80 16-63 35-88 26-29 — 0-78 15-35 093 5-9 100 14-68 35-61 26-53 — 1-29 23-92 2-14 7-4 2-26 150 11-74 35-17 26-80 — 2-05 31-77 0-00 7-9 1-38 190 10-67 35-03 26-88 — 2-05 32-13 o-oo 8-9 1-38 290 9-19 34-87 27-00 — 2-49 0-00 11-0 1-27 390 8-IO 34-75 27-09 — 2-49 39-26 0-00 10-7 1-39 580 6-22 34-57 27-20 — 2-03 39-62 — 14-0 1-65 770 4-69 34-63 27-44 — 2-01 38-55 — 17-5 2-46 970 4-09 34-56 27-45 — 2-43 — — 19-0 3-08 1450 1448 3-61 34-88 27-75 — 1-65 27-49 — 16-5 4-37 1950 3-22 34-92 27-82 — 1-20 — — 17-6 4-69 2430 2-88 34-92 27-85 — 1-24 24-63 — 21-2 4-93 2920 2917 2-61 34-91 27-88 — 1-29 — — 21-2 4-98 3410 2-49 34-91 27-89 — 1-41 23-20 — 22-6 4-96 3890 2-41 34-91 27-89 — 0-93 — — 24-8 4-78 1180 20 0 26-41 3633 23-93 — 0-30 0-2I 0-00 3-2 40 23-84 36-41 24-78 — 0-32 0-00 0-00 8-7 4-74 60 20-73 36-26 25-54 0-32 0-36 0-00 5-9 4-73 80 19-87 36-12 25-67 — • 0-46 7-14 0-51 5-7 100 17-19 35-88 26-15 — 0-97 14-99 I -00 6-5 3-21 200 10-91 35-00 26-81 2-03 36-77 0-00 10-1 1-42 223 1180—1184 R.R.S. Discovery II 1180 cont. 1181 1182 1183 1184 Position [o" 308' S, 04° 41-6' W 06' 59-3' S, 06= 30-8' w 03° 20-8' S, 08° 37-2' W 00° 07' N, 10° 357' W 03° 46-2' N. 12° 551' W Date 1933 15 iv 16 iv 17 IV 18 iv 19 IV Hour Sounding (metres) 4565* 4312" 4294" 4552* WIND Direction SExS ExS to SExS SExE Calms and Lt airs Force (knots) 17 B-17 SEA SExS Conf. SExE Force Weather cp I0I1-8 1009-4 1009-0 loi 1-7 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 27-4 27-2 28-6 28-8 Wet bulb 23-2 25-2 25-0 257 Remarks mod. SE swell mod. SE swell mod. SE swell mod. SE swell 224 R.R.S. Discovery II 1180—1184 Station Age of moon (days) HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) cs Temp. °C. S°/„, pH Mg.- Nitrate + Nitrite N^ Nitrite N, O, c.c. litre BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear Depth (metres) Remarks 1180 cont. 1181 1182 1183 1184 23 24 390 590 780 980 1 170 o 40 60 80 :oo 190 290 380 570 770 960 1150 1340 40 60 80 100 190 290 390 580 780 970 1 170 1360 o 40 60 80 100 190 290 390 580 780 970 II70 1360 o 40 60 80 100 190 290 390 580 780 970 II70 1360 1 166 1341 1357 1357 I3S3 7-83 6-04 4-80 4-06 390 27-41 26-19 18-12 15-10 1351 10-62 9 49 8-50 6-04 4-57 4-12 4-06 399 28-44 27-51 17-63 15-22 14-62 13-11 10-70 8-61 5-77 4-66 4-18 4-22 4-04 28-62 25-74 22-21 19-04 16-52 13-07 9-72 7-70 6-56 4-53 4-33 4-35 4-21 29-52 29-35 26-42 16-32 15-60 13-47 ii-ii 8-60 6-20 4-90 4-46 4-35 4-13 34-70 34-62 34-50 34-58 34-73 36-11 36-17 35-74 35-51 35-35 35-01 34-88 34-79 34-57 34-49 34-58 34-75 34-88 35-17 35-35 35-62 35-59 35-53 35-28 35-02 34-81 34-55 34-57 34-64 34-82 34-92 34-57 36-07 36-26 36-09 35-75 35-28 34-91 34-70 34-52 34-56 34-63 34-78 34-92 34-82 35-34 35-71 35-57 35-53 35-34 35-08 34-75 34-65 34-56 34-65 34-79 34-92 27-09 27-28 27-32 27-47 27-60 23-44 23-88 25-83 26-36 26-58 26-88 2696 27-06 27-23 27-34 27-46 27-61 27-71 22-41 22-84 25-86 26-39 26-49 26-60 26-87 27-06 27-25 27-39 27-51 27-65 27-74 21-89 23-94 25-13 25-87 26-22 26-61 26-95 27-11 27-12 27-40 27-48 27-60 27-72 21-78 22-22 23-46 26-13 26-27 26-58 26-83 27-01 27-27 27-36 27-48 27-60 27-73 2-43 1-98 2-43 2-13 1-88 o-io o-i I I -08 1-46 1-48 2-01 2-17 2-53 2-32 I-81 2-20 1-20 1-43 0-00 o'o6 I-I4 1-24 1-31 1-73 1-88 2-28 2-28 2-07 2-07 1-90 1-54 0-00 o-io 0-15 0-29 0-78 1-20 2-07 2-22 2-15 1-79 2-19 1-54 1-29 0-00 0-00 0-00 1-52 1-39 1-37 2-05 2-22 1-90 2-30 1-98 1-81 1-37 37-84 37-84 37-84 3462 32-13 18-92 27-13 27-84 32-48 33-91 38-91 38-91 36-41 29-98 33-20 27-84 0-00 0-00 2-14 5-71 11-07 18-56 33-20 33-91 35-70 34-62 35-70 32-48 27-49 0-00 0-00 0-55 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 o-oo 000 0-56 0-00 o-oo 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 0-00 o-8i 0-02 0-01 000 000 000 000 0-00 0-00 0-13 001 000 000 0-00 11-3 12-9 15-8 17-8 17-0 5-1 5-0 6-6 6-9 7-4 10-3 10-8 1 10 14-0 17-1 17-8 15-3 13-8 7-4 4-7 9-1 8-5 8-6 12-2 9-9 I2-I 15-1 16-5 18-9 15-9 14-0 3-8 3-5 3-5 4-9 4-9 7-2 10-0 II-O 15-0 15-4 16-2 I5-I 11-7 1-6 1-6 2-1 6-0 4-9 6-7 9-1 11-8 14-6 17-2 i6-i 15-0 14-0 1-49 1-95 2-49 3-25 3-64 4-26 4-49 2-78 2-35 1-75 i-6o 1-38 i-8i 2-94 3-23 3-62 4-33 4-26 4-39 3-05 2-89 1-74 2-08 1-59 2-88 2-79 3-27 3-86 4-42 4-21 4-26 3-87 3-65 3-19 1-69 2-35 2-95 3-29 3-28 3-74 4-52 4-26 4-35 4-25 2-19 2-83 1-44 2-00 2-32 2-80 3-15 361 4-30 + 1 hour 225 SUMMARIZED LIST OF STATIONS The positions of all stations made by the R.R.S. ' Discovery II ' between October 193 1 and April 1933 are shown on the charts reproduced in Plates I-IV. The following list indicates on which chart each of the stations is to be found. Station Date 701-718 16. X.-3. xi. 31 719-723 13. xi.-i4. xi. 31 724 16. xi. 31 725-734 17. xi.-22. xi. 31 735-768 22. xi.-ii. xii. 31 769-774 12. xii.-i6. xii. 31 775-779 16. xii.-iQ. xii. 31 780-793 19. xii. 31-5. i. 32 794-825 6. i.-28. i. 32 826 8. ii. 32 827-831 17. ii.-20. ii. 32 832 22. ii. 32 833-843 22. 11.-4. '■'• 32 844-855 8. iv.-20. iv. 32 855-876 20. iv.-io. V. 32 877-887 17. V.-27. V. 32 887-896 27. V.-4. vi. 32 897-911 14. vi.-23. vi. 32 911-928 23. vi.-3. vii. 32 929-941 16. viii.-2o. viii. 32 942-978 31. viii.-2. x. 32 979-981 15. X.-16. X. 32 982 18-21. X. 32 983-995 23. X.-30. X. 32 995-1003 30. X.-2. xi. 32 1004-1014 5. xi.-7. xi. 32 1015-1034 7. xi.-24. xi. 32 1035-1057 24. xi.-5.xii.32 1058-1082 10. xii.-29. xii. 32 I 083- I 088 30.xii. 32-i.i. 33 1089-1095 3. 1.-26/28. 1. 33 1 096- 1 098 30. l.-i.ii. 33 1099-1 114 I. ii.-6. ii. 33 1115-1120 6. ii.-g. ii. 33 I 121-1126 19. ii.-22. ii. 33 1127-H36 23. ii.-i.iii. 33 1137-1154 2. iii.-12.iii. 33 1 1 54-1 168 12. iii.-4. iv. 33 1168-1170 4. iv.-6. iv. 33 1171-1184 7. iv.-i9. iv. 33 Place Cape Verde Islands — Falkland Islands Falkland Islands — Magellan Strait Magellan Strait Western end of Magellan Strait southwards down 75° W Scotia Sea South Georgia North of South Georgia South Georgia South Georgia — Weddell Sea— South Georgia South Georgia Falkland Islands to South Georgia South Georgia South Georgia to Cape Town Cape Town to ice-edge north of Enderby Land Ice-edge north of Enderby Land to Fremantle, Western Australia Fremantle, Western Australia to ice-edge north of Wilkes Land Ice-edge north of Wilkes Land to Melbourne, Australia Tasmania to ice-edge north-west of Balleny Islands Ice-edge north-west of Balleny Islands to North Cape, New Zealand New Zealand W-shaped cruise across the Pacific sector Falkland Islands to Magellan Strait Magellan Strait Western exit of Magellan Strait southwards to the ice-edge in Bellingshausen Sea Ice-edge in Bellingshausen Sea to South Shet- land Islands Bransfield Strait Scotia Sea South Orkney Islands — South Sandwich Islands — South Georgia South Georgia South Georgia to South Orkney Islands South Orkney Islands South Orkney Islands to South Shetland Islands Bransfield Strait South Shetland Islands to Falkland Islands Falkland Islands to South Georgia South Georgia South Georgia to ice-edge near 10° E Ice-edge near 10° E to Cape Town Cape Town westward Eastern South Atlantic Plate I A II A II A II A II A I B II A I B II A IB II A I B III III III III III III III III (inset) III II B II B II B II B IV II B II B IB II B ' (inset) II B IV II B II B IB III III III I A 226 DISCOVERY REPORTS, VOL. XXI PLATE I ZO°E 1 Georg-ia 40* 20-W 20°E 40° 38° 36° 34° W 55 1062 774».|I27 . 1061 . 773\ii^8 1060 1129 ' "^ .1082 ,066 ,0.67 '068 ^^^ 789 '^^ • ,070 SOUTH GEORGIA 40° 770 792 -i a SB 632 ,058 IOBO-61 {°[?.^ ?.,076{l°f. "?'.,Bo ' ' ^--jg^' '762 78, ,076 1,36 • I07S 1074- 34°W -53 S -55 DISCOVERY REPORTS, VOL. XXI PLATE II 60° 30° sew DISCOVERY REPORTS, VOL. XXI PLATE III GO 90 120|' 120 150 West 180 East loO" 'o ,_, B U) t z U'l — 1- '^ /> < QJ «^ 1- 01 13 Z - #: 1- o J rs UJ _i '^ sS, " 1 * o 01 u o 'J - UJ o; Qi O X in in in [Discovery Reports. Vol. XXI, pp. 227-234, Plates V, VI, Febi-uary 1941] A RARE PORPOISE OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC, PHOCAENA DIOPTRICA (LAHILLE, 1912) By J. E. HAMILTON, D.Sc. CONTENTS External Appearance . page 229 Skeleton 230 Skull 232 References ...... 233 Plates following page 234 A RARE PORPOISE OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC, PHOCAENA DIOPTRICA (LAHILLE, 1912) By J. E. Hamilton, D.Sc. -QECORDS have been published of three specimens of Phocaena dioptrica, all from IV the South Atlantic region. ^ , r ^ u The type was described by LahiUe (1912) and was a pregnant and therefore adult female caught near Quilmes on the River Plate. A second female was captured m the Rio Santiago, and the third, a male, was taken at the same place about a year later. Two more may now be added to the list of known specimens; one, secured by Sir Hubert Wilkins at South Georgia in 1923 durmg the Quest expedition and the other from the Falkland Islands. The latter was brought to me by a shepherd, G. Butler, who found it on the beach in a practically skeletonized condition. The sex could not be determined and the lower jaw and flippers were missing. The length from the tip of the snout to the notch of the flukes was 185-5 cm. Wilkins's animal was only 135-9 cm. EXTERNAL APPEARANCE Lahille describes, with photographs, his female and the foetus which it contained. Bruch's paper is illustrated with photographs of both of his animals and there are de- tailed notes on the Quest specimen to which I have had access by courtesy of Dr Eraser of the British Museum (Natural History). , , , u , The colouring of P. dioptrica is striking and distinctive. In the aduk the back except for a broad band on each side of the upper jaw, is bright black. On the dorsal keel of the caudal region this colour disappears but reappears on the flukes where it extends over the emire dorsal surface. The remainder of the animal is clear white except that the ventral surface of the flukes has a grey border, and a few dark lines radiate frorn the caudal notch. A series of fine almost imperceptible grey lines form a faint wavy band extending from the lower jaw to the pectoral fin which is white, with pale grey edges. A black patch surrounds the eye, and in the type the latter was nearly surrounded by a narrow white line. From this white mark arose the comparison with a spectacled condition which suggested the specific name. • > 1 ^ In Bruch's male there seems to have been no spectacle mark and m Wilkins s also, an immature female, it appears to have been absent. My specimen was not in a condi- tion to allow any observations. •- ^- 1 „u The well-grown foetus from LahiUe's ammal shows colour markings identical with those of the adult except that the dark colour is carried along the dorsal keel of the tail, the mandibulo-pectoral band is very distinct, the white mark over the eye is reduced. 230 DISCOVERY REPORTS and there is an unpigmented band extending from the blow-hole to the rostrum, a feature absent in the larger animals. There is also a good deal of colour on the ventral surface of the flukes. Wilkins's specimen is described as having been blue-black above and dirty white below. In it the mandibulo-pectoral band showed clearly, and apparently the tail is as dark or nearly as dark below as above. This animal shows a coloration resembling that of the foetus, and it is reasonable to assert that the pale or uncoloured areas become more extensive with age and that the colours become brighter. It may well be that similar transitions are to be found in other dolphins. This specimen is noted by the collector as ? juv. The skull of Wilkins's specimen is clearly that of an immature animal. There is a general lack of development and the teeth have scarcely if at all erupted. The Falkland skull is much developed and the teeth stand well up from the gum. SKELETON There is, unfortunately, no description of the skeleton of any of the three Argentine specimens, so that the following notes are based on Wilkins's immature and my adult specimens. Comparisons have been made with P. phocaetia, the best known species of the genus, and P. spinipinnis as described and figured by Allen (1925). Vertebral coliumi. Cervical vertebrae, 7. Of these the first five are fused and the sixth and seventh are free, whereas in P. phocaena only the seventh is free. The whole series is extremely compressed antero-posteriorly and possesses marked bilateral asymmetry. The neural arch is incomplete in the fifth and seventh vertebrae but complete in the sixth. The neural spine of the atlas is deeply cleft, so that the fifth, sixth and seventh vertebrae are visible in dorsal aspect and it only partly embraces the seventh neural spine. In P. phocaena this spine covers the remaining cervical vertebrae to a much greater extent (Plate VI, figs, i, 2, 3, 4). Vertebrarterial canals are present in the fifth vertebra, complete on the right side and incomplete on the left. Dorsal vertebrae, 13. The height of the neural spines increases until the seventh is reached and therefore decreases towards the tail. The first and second spines have sharp ends, whereas those of P. phocaena are rounded. The transverse process of the first dorsal vertebra exhibits a slight ridge on the antero-dorsal aspect, and if examination is made of the corresponding region in successive vertebrae this ridge is found to assume a more and more central position until on the twelfth vertebra it forms a well-marked prezygapophysis herein agreeing with P. phocaena (but not with P. spinipinnis). All the neural spines slope backwards, the greatest inclination being attained by the sixth. Lumbar vertebrae, 16. The neural spines attain their greatest development at the fifth and sixth lumbar which are about the same size. These spines become more and more erect towards the tail, but there is never the slightest indication of the forward curvature characteristic of P. phocaena. In this P. dioptrica agrees with P. spinipinnis. PHOCAENA DIOPTRICA 231 The transverse processes have an anterior inchnation from the sixth (Plate VI, figs. 7, 8). Caudal vertebrae, 32. The neural arch ceases to exist after the sixteenth, but the seventeenth has a groove betw^een tv^^o small lateral tubercles, a last trace of the arch. The transverse processes are gradually reduced until on the eleventh vertebra there are the merest traces, and even they are absent after this. Table I. Body measurements Measurements of the known specimens of P. diopt rica in centimetres Lahille Bruch Bruch Wilkins Hamilton Lahille ? 9 0 imm. 9 foetus I. Snout to notch of flukes 186 186 204 135-9 185-5 48-4 2. Snout to spiracle 21 — — 15-24 7-1 3. Spiracle to anterior insertion 60 60 64 49-53 — 17-4 of dorsal fin 4. Height of dorsal fin 16 15 25-5 io-i6 — 2-9 5. Length of dorsal fin 36 36 44-5 22-86 — 7-1 6. Posterior insertion of dorsal 79 79 83 48-26 — 18-8 fin to caudal notch 7. Width of flukes — 47 31-75 30* 8-7 8. Anus to caudal notch 54-5 54-5 59 41-9 — 14 9. Depth of body at anterior in- 43 43 35 30-48 — 9-7 sertion of dorsal fin 10. Snout to anterior insertion of 35 — — 25-4 — 1 1 -3 flipper Measurem( mts as percentages of total length Lahille Bruch Bruch Wilkins Hamilton Lahille ? ? 0^ imm. $ foetus I. Snout to notch of flukes 100 100 100 100 100 100 2. Snout to spiracle 11-29 — — 11-21 — 15 3. Spiracle to anterior insertion 32-26 32-26 31-4 36-5 — 36 of dorsal fin 4. Height of dorsal fin 8-6 8-1 12-5 7-5 — 6 5. Length of dorsal fin 19-35 19-35 21-8 16-8 — 15 6. Posterior insertion of dorsal 42-47 42-47 40-7 35-5 — 39 fin to caudal notch 7. Width of flukes — — 23-0 23-4 16-2 18 8. Anus to caudal notch 29-3 29-3 28-9 30-8 — 28-9 g. Depth of body at anterior in- 23-1 23-1 17-2 22-4 — 20 sertion of dorsal fin 10. Snout to anterior insertion of i8-8 — . — i8-7 — 23 flipper * Approximate. Ribs. Thirteen pairs, all remarkable for their stoutness in comparison with P. phocaena. Nine of them are double-headed. The four pairs of floating ribs are pro- gressively and markedly flattened in a manner reminiscent of Neobalaena (Plate VI, figs. 5, 6). 232 DISCOVERY REPORTS Sternum. This bone is completely fused, an indication of maturity. It is broad anteriorly, having a width of 85-5 mm. but narrows rapidly to 31 mm. and increases again to 35 mm. The posterior margin is abruptly truncated. There are eight pairs of sternal ribs, of which the first three are attached directly to the sternum itself and the fourth to the cartilagenous xiphisternal plate. The remaining four sternal ribs have only a tendinous connexion with the sternum ; the last of them is attached to a single-headed rib as in Lagenorhynchus. Chevron bones, 15. There is, however, a slight doubt as to whether more may not have been present, since loss is easy in more or less decomposed specimens such as mine. Teeth. Many of these are missing from the Falkland skull, there have probably been seventeen on the right and nineteen on the left of the upper jaw, but some of the posterior alveoli are partly obliterated and others may be completely so. In Wilkins's 21 skull the teeth are - on each side. There is a distinct neck at the line of the gum and 17 the tips are rounded and slightly rough. In the adult teeth there are signs of wear and almost every one is curved sharply. The epiphyses can be easily discerned in the cervical vertebrae and are quite free in the anterior dorsal region. From the tail, fusion has not advanced beyond the posterior side of the nineteenth vertebra. It is therefore at least possible that this animal could have attained a greater length. SKULL The general character of the skull is that of the genus, but compared with P. phocaena there is a greater width across the preorbital region and the rostrum is more acute. The profile of the supra-occipital rises almost at right angles to the foramen magnum and curves forward rapidly until in the region of the interparietal it forms a triangular and almost flat area on the top of the skull. In the young specimen the rise from the foramen is rather less abrupt, but the flattening at the top is quite obvious. In P. phocaena the profile of the supra-occipital rises at about the same angle as that of the immature P. dioptrica, but it curves steadily and gently to the interparietal region which is marked by a small bony eminence. This eminence has indeed a flat top, but in the P. phocaena examined it was only 3 ■ 2-5 cm., whereas in the larger specimen of P. dioptrica it is 9-5 X 4-25 cm. These measurements are made as accurately as possible, having regard to the somewhat vague limits of the areas in question (Plate V, figs. 5, 6). The descent from the top of the skull to the level of the nasal orifices is very steep in P. dioptrica, even in the immature specimen, and in the adult it is practically vertical until the nasal bones are reached, a distance of about 2 cm. The prenasal protruberances of the premaxillae are rather flatter in P. dioptrica than in P. phocaena. The dorsal surface of the rostrum of P. dioptrica is much more flattened than in P. phocaena, so that in the former the rostral parts of the premaxillae are not visible in PHOCAENA DIOPTRICA 233 lateral view as they are in P. phocaena. The upper surface of the rostrum is rather abruptly rounded off in the last two centimetres in P. dioptrica (Plate V, figs, i, 2). In the ventral aspect the vomer of the adult P. dioptrica where applied to the pre- sphenoid has broad lateral and posterior wings with a wide V-shaped depression be- tween them posteriorly. The vomer also takes part in the formation of the posterior edge of the palate in P. dioptrica but does not in P. phocaena (Plate V, figs. 3, 4). The palato-maxillary suture of the former is deeply concave towards the front instead of Table II. Skull measurements Actual in cm. As percentages of condylobasal length Wilkins Hamilton Wilkins Hamilton 1. Condylobasal length 2. Rostrum, length 3. Rostrum, width at base 4. Preorbital width 5. Postorbital width 6. Zygomatic width 7. Parietal width 8. Prenarial width of premaxillae 9. Premaxillar width, at middle point 10. Palate, median length 24-4 9-8 6-6 II-I 13-1 13-1 12-5 3-8 2-2 28-8 I2-I 8-8 15-5 17-0 i6-8 14-3 4-5 3-2 i6-45 100 40-2 27 45-5 537 537 51-2 15-6 9 1 00 42 30-6 53-8 59 58-3 497 15-6 III 57-1 The posterior part of the palate of Wilkins's specimen is damaged. being very shallow as in P. phocaena, and in the latter it is much more serrated. The posterior part of the palate is damaged in the immature P. dioptrica and the curvature of the maxillo-palatine suture is shallow. In both examples of P. dioptrica the maxillary part of the palate is quite definitely convex from side to side and the condition is even more pronounced in the iinmature specimen. In P. phocaena the corresponding part is flattened or even somewhat excavated. In P. dioptrica the zygomatic arches are almost entirely concealed by the frontals, but in P. phocaena they are so arched horizontally as to be easily visible from above. REFERENCES Allen, G. M., 1925. Burmeister's porpoise (Phocaena spinipinnis). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, Lxvii, no. 5, p. 25. Bruch, C, 1916. El macho de Phocaena dioptrica Lah. Physis, Buenos Aires, 11, no. 12. Lahille, F., 1912. Nota preliminar sabre una neuva espece de marsopa del rio de la Plata. Ann. Mus. Nac, Buenos Aires, xxiii, p. 269. Wilkins, G. H., 1922. Shackleton-Rowett Expedition, Mammalogical Report. MS. in British Museum (Natural History). PLATE V The skull of P. dioptrica compared with that of P. phocaena. Figs. I, 3, 5- P. phocaena. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views. Figs. 2, 4, 6. P. dioptrica. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views. DISCOVERY REPORTS, VOL. XXI PLATE V mm N^ >«->■ 5cm TAJq '/• leanob bn£ ; PLATE VI Figs. 1,3. P. dioptrica. Lateral and dorsal view of cervical vertebrae. Figs. 2, 4. P. phocaena. Lateral and dorsal view of cervical vertebrae. Fig. 5. P. dioptrica. Lateral view of rib of last pair. Fig. 6. P. phocaena. Lateral view of rib of last pair. Fig. 7. P. phocaena. Lateral view of lumbar vertebra (about XII). Fig. 8. P. dioptrica. Lateral view of lumbar vertebra (about ? VI). DISCOVERY REPORTS, VOL. XXI PLATE VI #v # /■ 1 \ Discovery Reports. Vol. XXI, pp. 235-260, Plates VII, VIII, October 1941.] THE ECHIURIDAE, SIPUNCULIDAE AND PRIAPULIDAE COLLECTED BY THE SHIPS OF THE DISCOVERY COMMITTEE DURING THE YEARS 1926 to 1937 By A. C. STEPHEN, D.Sc. The Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh CONTENTS 1. Introduction page 237 2. Acknowledgements 238 3. List of the species taken 238 4. List of stations with the names of species taken at each . . . 238 5. Bipolar distribution 243 6. Echiuridae 245 7. Sipunculidae : 250 {a) Species taken in Antarctic waters 250 [b) Species taken in South African waters and in the eastern Atlantic . 255 8. Priapulidae 257 9. Literature cited 259 ID. Plates VII, VIII following page 2bo THE ECHIURIDAE, SIPUNCULIDAE AND PRIAPULIDAE COLLECTED BY THE SHIPS OF THE DISCOVERY COMMITTEE DURING THE YEARS 1926 to 1937 By A, C. Stephen, D.Sc. The Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh INTRODUCTION THE extensive voyages of the Discovery Committee's ships in southern waters during the years 1926-37 have resulted in a considerable and interesting collection of Echiurids, Sipunculids and Priapulids being brought back. In all, sixteen species have been identified in the collections. Of these one is new to science and one is now recognized as being a larval form. The material has come mainly from the Antarctic area, but some of the Sipunculids were secured in the Atlantic on the outward and homeward runs. The collection possesses several points of interest. Although only one new species is described, several are recorded from the Antarctic, Tristan da Cunha and Ascension for the first time. In other cases the known range of distribution has been considerably extended, thanks to the wide area over which the investigations were conducted. The Echiurids have supplied the most important records. Until the present col- lections were made, the known representatives of this group in the Antarctic belonged to three species— namely, Urechis chilensis from the coasts of Chile, Echhinis antarcticus from South Georgia and Thalassenia verriicosum from Kerguelen. While the first two species have again been taken in the original localities, there are now three other species to be added. Two of these, Hamingia arctica and Thalassema faex, are well-known species which have not so far been found in other than northern seas, and the third is T. antarcticum, the only new species described. Most of the species of Sipunculids already recorded from the Antarctic have occurred in the collections, some from new localities. The collections of Phascolosoma mor- garitaceim have shown a considerably greater degree of variation than hitherto described, and the variety trybomi, previously recorded only once from the Antarctic, has been taken again. Physcosoma nigrescens is now recorded from the islands of Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, as is also P. scolops from the first-named island. The Priapulids are represented by Priapiilus cmidattis var. tuberculato-spinosus only ; this is rather surprising, since both P. bicaudatus and P. horridus have previously been taken within the area of the investigations and might have been expected to appear m the collections. 238 DISCOVERY REPORTS The comparative scarcity of many of these animals, or the inabiUty of the standard collecting gear to secure them, is again brought out. In spite of the lengthy period of the Discovery investigations, several species are represented by only a single specimen. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to the Discovery Committee and to Mr C. C. A. Monro of the British Museum of Natural History for the opportunity of studying the material. To Professor Dr Sixten Boch I am indebted for the loan of several specimens, named by Theel, for purposes of comparison. To Mr R. J. Fant, Zoology Department, the University, Edinburgh, I am indebted for the photographs to illustrate this paper. The collection is deposited in the British Museum (Natural History). LIST OF THE SPECIES TAKEN The following is the list of the species taken : ECHIURIDAE. I. Echiurits antarcticus Spengtl. Urechis chiletisis Miiller. Thalassema faex Selenka. Thalassema aiitarcticiiin sp.nov. Hamingia arctica Koren and Danielssen. 2. 3- 4- 5- SiPUNCULIDAE. (a) Antarctic. 6. Phascolosoma amierssoni Theel. 7. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. 8. Phascolosoma nordenskjoldi Theel. 9. Phascolosoma ohlini Theel. 10. Phascolion strombi (Montagu). ib) Eastern Atlantic, etc. 11. Pelagosphaera aloysii N['mgazzmi. Larval form. 12. Sipunculiis niidus Linnaeus. 13. Physcosoma nigrescens Keferstein. 14. Physcosoma scolops Selenka and de Man. 15. Aspidosiphon millleri Diesing. Priapulidae. 16. Priapidus caudatus Lamarck var. titherculato-spinosus Baird. LIST OF STATIONS WITH THE NAMES OF SPECIES COLLECTED AT EACH R.R.S. 'DISCOVERY' St. I. 16. xi. 25. Clarence Bay, Ascension Island, 7° 55' 15" S, 14° 25' 00" W. Medium rectan- gular net, 16-27 '^^•> coralline sand and shells. Physcosoma nigrescens Keferstein; P. scolops Selenka and de Man. ECHIURIDAE, SIPUNCULIDAE AND PRIAPULIDAE 239 St. 2. 17. xi. 25. Clarence Bay, Ascension Island, Catherine's Point and Collyer Point, shore collecting. Physcosoma nigrescens Keferstein. St. 4. 30. i. 26. Tristan da Cunha, 36° 55' 00" S, 12° 12' 00" W. Large dredge, stones, 40-46 m. Physcosoma nigrescens Keferstein. St. 6. i.ii. 26. Tristan da Cunha, 3 miles N 30° E of Settlement. Large dredge, rock, 80-140 m. Physcosoma nigrescens Keferstein. St. 27. 15. iii. 26. West Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, 3-3 miles S 44° E of Jason Light. Large dredge, rock, no m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars; Phascolion strombi (Montagu). St. 28. 16. iii. 26. West Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, 3-3 miles S 45° W of Jason Light. Conical dredge, 168 m. Echiurtis antarcticus Spengel. St. 39. 25. iii. 26. East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, from 8 cables S 81° W of Merton Rock to 1-3 miles N 7° E of Macmahon Rock. Otter trawl, grey mud, 179-235 m. Phascolosoma ohlini Theel. St. 42. I. iv. 26. Off the mouth of Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, from 6-3 miles N 89° E of Jason Light to 4 miles N 39° E of Jason Light. Otter trawl, 120-204 m. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel; P. ohlini Theel; Phascolion strombi (Montagu). St. 45. 6. iv. 26. 27 miles S 85° E of Jason Light, South Georgia. Grey mud, 238-270 m. Echiurus antarcticus Spengel; Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel; P. margaritaceum Sars. St. 90. 10. vii. 26. Off Simon's Town, False Bay, South Africa. Basin H.M. Dockyard. 1-2 m. Physcosoma scolops Selenka and de Man. St. 123. i5.xii. 26. Off the mouth of Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. From 4-1 miles N 54° E of Larsen Point to 1-2 miles S 62° W of Merton Rock. Otter trawl, grey mud, 230-250 m. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel; P. ohlini Theel. St. 140. 23. xii. 26. Stromness Harbour to Larsen Point, South Georgia. 54° 02' 00" S, 36° 38' 00" W to 54° 11' 30" S, 36° 29' 00" W. Otter trawl, green mud and stones, 122-136 m. Echiurus antarcticus Spengel; Phascolion strombi (Montagu). St. 141. 29. xii. 26. East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, 200 yards from shore under Mount Duse. Small beam trawl, 17-27 m. Phascolosotna margaritaceum Sars; Priapulus caudatus Lamarck var. tuberculato-spinosus Baird. St. 142. 30. xii. 26. East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. From 54° 11' 30" S, 36° 35' 00" W to 54° 12' 00" S, 36' 29' 30" W. 88-273 m. Echiurus antarcticus Spengel. St. 144. 5. i. 27. Off the mouth of Stromness Harbour, South Georgia. From 54° 04' 00" S, 36° 27' 00" W to 53° 58' 00" S, 36° 26' 00" W. Coarse silk tow-net touched bottom, green mud and sand, 155-178 m. Phascolion strombi (Montagu) ; Priapulus caudatus Lamarck var. tuberculato-spinosus Baird. St. 148. 9. i. 27. Off Cape Saunders, South Georgia. From 54° 03' 00" S, 36° 39' 00" W to 54° 05' 00" S, 36° 36' 00" W. Grey mud and stones, 132-148 m. Echiurus antarcticus Spengel. St. 149. ID. i. 27. Mouth of East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, from 1-15 miles N 76},° W to 2-62 miles S 11° W of Merton Rock. Otter trawl, mud, 200-234 m. Phascolosotna ohlini Theel. 240 DISCOVERY REPORTS St. 159. 21. i. 27. South Georgia, 53° 52' 30" S, 36° 08' 00" W. Large dredge, rock, 160 m. Phascolosoma ohlini Theel; Phascolmi strombi (Montagu). St. 160. 7. ii. 27. Near Shag Rocks, 53' 43' 40" S, 40° 57' 00" W. Large dredge, grey mud, stones and rock, 177 m. Phascolion strombi (Montagu). St. 167. 20. ii. 27. Off Signy Island, South Orkneys, 60° 50' 30" S, 46° 15' 00" W. Green mud, 244-344 m. Echiuriis antarcticus Spengel ; Priapuhis caitdattis Lamarck var. tuberculato-spinosus Baird. St. 170. 23. ii. 27. Off Cape Bowles, Clarence Island, 61° 25' 30" S, 53° 46' 00" W. Large dredge, rock, 342 m. Phascolion strombi (Montagu). St. 172. 26. ii. 27. Off Deception Island, South Shetlands, 62° 59' 00" S, 60° 28' 00" W. Large dredge, rock, 525 m. Thalassema faex Selenka. St. 175. 2. iii. 27. Bransfield Strait, South Shetlands, 63'' 17' 20" S, 59"^ 48' 15" W. Mud, stones and gravel, 200 m. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel; Phascolion strombi (Montagu). St. 182. 14. iii. 27. Schollaert Channel, Palmer Archipelago, 64° 21' 00" S, 62° 58' 00" W. Otter trawl, 278-500 m. Thalassema antarcticutn sp.nov. St. 187. 18. iii. 27. Neumayer Channel, Palmer Archipelago, 64° 48' 30" S, 63" 31' 30" W. Large dredge, mud, 259 m. Phascolion strombi (Montagu). St. 190. 24. iii. 27. Bismarck Strait, Palmer Archipelago, 64° 56' 00" S, 65° 35' 00" W. Rock or stones and mud, 90-130 m. Echiuriis antarcticus Spengel. St. 195. 30. iii. 27. Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetlands, 62° 07' 00" S, 58° 28' 30" W. Large dredge, mud and stones, 391 m. Priapuhis caudatus Lamarck var. tuberculato-spinosus Baird. St. 196. 3. iv. 27. Bransfield Strait, South Shetlands, 62° 17' 30" S, 58° 21' 00" W. Tow-net on bottom, mud, diatom ooze, 720 m. Phascolosoma ohlini Theel. St. 279. 10. viii. 27. Off Cape Lopez, French Congo, from 8-5 miles N 71° E to 15 miles N 24° E of Cape Lopez Light. Net attached to trawl, mud and fine sand, 58-67 m. Aspidosiplwn millleri Diesing. St. 283. 14. viii. 27. Off Annobon, Gulf of Guinea, 0-75-1 mile N 12° E of Pyramid Rock, Annobon. Large dredge, 18-30 m. Physcosoma nigrescens Keferstein ; Aspidosiphon miilleri Diesing. R.R.S. 'DISCOVERY IF St. 1569. 12. iv. 35. Off South-East Africa, 31'' 50-3' S, 32° 20-5' E. Young fish trawl, 1200- 1300 m. Larval Sipunculid {Pelagosphaera aloysii Mingazzini). St. 1645. 17. i. 36. Ross Sea, 77° 43-3' S, 166° 18-2' W. Conical dredge, 475 m. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel ; P. margaritaceum Sars. St. 1647. 18. i. 36. Ross Sea, 77° 43-8' S, 171° 31-1' W. Conical dredge, 420 m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. ECHIURIDAE, SIPUNCULIDAE AND PRIAPULIDAE 241 St. 1651. 22. i. 36. Ross Sea, 77° 04-3' S, 176° 26-1' W. Conical dredge, 594 m. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel; P. margaritaceum Sars. St. 1653. 23. i. 36. Ross Sea, 74° 55' S, 179° 49-1' E. Conical dredge, 485 m. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel; P. margaritaceum Sars. St. 1659. 26. i. 36. Ross Sea, 75° 43-9' S, 173° io-6' E. Conical dredge, 512 m. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel. St. 1660. 27. i. 36. Ross Sea, 74° 46-4' S, 178° 23-4' E. Otter trawl, 351 m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. St. 1873. 13. ii. 36. 61° 20-8' S, 54° 04-2' W. Dredge, 210-180 m. Priapulus caudatus Lamarck var. tuberculato-spinosus Baird. St. 1909. 30. xi. 36. Burdwood Bank, 53° 53-2' S, 60° 29-9' W. Conical dredge, 132 m. Thalassema antarcticum sp.nov. St. 1952. II. i. 37. Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetlands. Dredge, 367-383 m. Priapulus caudatus Lamarck var. tuberculato-spinosus Baird. St. 1958. 5. ii. 37. South Shetlands, 61° 17-9' S, 52° 50-8' W. Large dredge, 740 m. Hamingia arctica Keren and Danielssen. St. 1961. 12. ii. 37. South Orkneys, 60° 49-5' S, 45° 27-5' W. Dredge, green mud, 340-360 m. Priapulus caudatus Lamarck var. tuberculato-spinosus Baird. R.S.S. 'WILLIAM SCORESBY' St. WS33. 2i.xii. 26. South Georgia, 54° 59' 00" S, 35° 24' 00" W. Tow-net on bottom, grey mud and stones, 130 m. Phascolosoma ohlini Theel. St. WS 62. 19. i. 27. Wilson Harbour, South Georgia, 15-90 m. Echiurus antarcticus Spengel. St. WS73. 6. iii. 27. Falklandlslands, 5i°oi'oo"S, 58°54'oo"W. Otter trawl, fine dark sand, 121 m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. St. WS 80. 14. iii. 27. Falkland Islands, 50° 57' 00" S, 63° 37' 30" W. Otter trawl, fine dark sand, 152-156 m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. St. WS 84. 24. iii. 27. 7i miles S 9° W of Sea Lion Island, East Falkland Islands. Otter trawl, coarse sand, shells and stones, 74-75 m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. St WS 85. 25. iii. 27. 8 miles S 66° E of Lively Island, East Falkland Islands, 52° 09' 00" S, 58° 14' 00" W to 52° 08' 00" S, 58° 09' 00" W. Otter trawl, sand and shells, 79 m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. St. WS 89. 7. iv. 27. 9 miles N 21° E of Arenas Point light, Tierra del Fuego. Otter trawl, mud, gravel and stones, 21-23 ™- Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. St. WS 128. 10. vi. 27. West side of Gough Island, inshore, 40° 19' 00" S, 10° 04' 00" W. Large dredge, 90-120 m. Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus. St. WS 179. 7. iii. 28. South Georgia, 55° 08' 00" S, 35° 20' 00" W. Mud, stones and shells, 125 m. Phascolion strombi (Montagu). 242 DISCOVERY REPORTS St. WS 212. 30. V. 28. Falkland Islands, 49° 22' 00" S, 60° 10' 00" W. Tow-net on bottom, green sand, mud and pebbles, 242-249 m. Phascolosoma nordenskjoldi Theel. St. WS 225. 9. vi. 28. Falkland Islands, 50° 20' 00" S, 62° 30' 00" W. Net attached to trawl, green sand, shells and pebbles, 161-162 m. Phascolosoma nordenskjoldi Theel ; P. margaritaceum Sars. St. WS 236. 6. vii. 28. Falkland Islands, 45° 55' 00" S, 60'' 40' 00" W. Net attached to trawl, dark green sand and mud, 272-300 m. Phascolosoma nordenskjoldi Theel. St. WS 237. 7. vii. 28. North of the Falkland Islands, 45- 00' 00" S, 60° 05' 00" W. Net attached to trawl, coarse brown sand and shells, 150-256 m. Phascolosoma nordenskjoldi Theel. St. WS 244. 18. vii. 28. Falkland Islands, 52° 00' 00" S, 62° 40' 00" W. Net attached to trawl, fine dark sand and mud, 247-253 m. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel. St. WS246. 19. vii. 28. Falkland Islands, 52° 25' 00" S, 61° 00' 00" W. Net attached to trawl, coarse green sand and pebbles, 208-267 m. Phascolosoma nordenskjoldi Theel. St. WS 248. 20. vii. 28. Falkland Islands, 52° 40' 00" S, 58° 30' 00" W. Otter trawl, fine green sand, pebbles and shells, 210-242 m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. St. WS 250. 20. vii. 28. Falkland Islands, 51° 45' 00" S, 57° 00' 00" W. Otter trawl, fine green sand, 251-313 m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. St WS 777. 3. xi. 31. Off Patagonia, 45° 56' 00" S, 66° 24' 00" W. Otter trawl, green mud and sand, 98-99 m. Urechis chilensis Miiller. St. WS783. 5.xii. 31. Falkland Islands, 50° 03' 30" S, 60° 08' 00" W. Conical dredge, rock, mud and sand, 155 m. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel. StWS788. i3.xii. 31. Off Patagonia, 45° 05' 00" S, 65° 00' 00" W. Otter trawl, grey mud and sand, 82-88 m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. ? var. hanseni Koren and Danielssen. St WS 840. 6. xi. 32. Falkland Islands, 53° 52' 00" S, 61° 49' 15" W. Otter trawl, green-grey sand, 368-463 m. Phascolosoma ohlini Theel. MARINE BIOLOGICAL STATION St. MS 27. 29. iv. 25. i\ miles SW by W of Merton Rock, East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. Small dredge, 200 m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. St. MS 68. 2. iii. 26. East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, 17 miles S i E to SJ cables SE by E of Sappho Point. Large rectangular net, 220-247 m. Phascolosoma nordenskjoldi Theel. St. MS 74. 17. iii. 26. East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, i cable SE by E of Hope Point to 3-1 miles SW of Merton Rock. Small beam trawl, 22-40 m. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. ECHIURIDAE, SIPUNCULIDAE AND PRIAPULIDAE 243 MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 18. ii. 27. Port Stanley Harbour, Falkland Islands. Shore collection amongst mussels. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. var. trybomi Theel. 22. ix. 27. Port Stanley Harbour, Falkland Islands. Priapulus caudatus Lamarck var. tuberciilato-spinosus Baird. 22. xii. 28. South Georgia. Fish trap, stomach of Notothenia rossi, 4-5 m. Priapulus caudatus Lamarck var. tuberculato-spinosus Baird. 1926. Saldanha Bay beach, Cape Province. Physcosoma scolops Selenka and de Man. 22. ii. 31. Larsen Harbour, South Georgia. Echiurus antarcticus Spengel. Hand line, stomach of Notothenia rossi, 10-20 m. BIPOLAR DISTRIBUTION The close similarity, amounting in many cases to specific identity, between x\rctic and Antarctic species belonging to the Echiuridae, Sipunculidae and Priapulidae is further exemplified in the Discovery collections. For convenience, the northern limit of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic fauna may be taken as 40^ S as has already been done by Fischer (1920, p. 414), with certain exceptions. For example, at Kerguelen and to the south of New Zealand we find some species appearing south of 40'' S which obviously belong to the warmer waters to the north, and these are not included in the table. In the following list, which includes the species which come strictly under the above heading, localities are added only for those species which have not been mentioned in the text. The species may be divided into three groups : (a) Those which are identical with, or regarded as varieties of, Arctic species. (b) Those which are very closely related to Arctic forms but which are still regarded as specifically distinct. (c) Those which are not closely related to Arctic species. Grouped in this way the recorded species are as follows: Echiuridae. (fl) Thalassema faex Selenka. {a) Hamingia arctica Koren and Danielssen. (b) Echiurus antarcticus Spengel. (c) Urechis chilensis Miiller. (c) Thalassema verrucosum Studer. Kerguelen. Collin (1901, p. 306), Fischer (1916, p. 17). (c) Thalassema antarcticum sp.nov. Sipunculidae. {a) Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. («) Phascolosoma muricaudatum Southern. Bouvet Island. Fischer (1916, p. 15). {a) Phascolosoma mi^mtum Keferstein. Falkland Islands. Theel (191 1, p. 31). 244 DISCOVERY REPORTS (a) Phascolosoma eremita Sars var. aiistrale Benham. Commonwealth Bay. Benham (1922, p. 17). {a) Phascolosoma intermedium Southern. Commonweakh Bay. Stephen, B.A.N. Z.A.R.E.i Rep. (in the Press). (a) Phascolion strofnbi (Montagu). (b) Phascolosoma benhami Stephen. Off Kemp Island; off AdeUe Land. Stephen, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Rep. (in the Press). (c) Phascolosoma anderssoni TheeL [c) Phascolosoma charcoti HerubeL Port Charcot. Herubel (1908, p. 2). (c) Phascolosoma nordenskjoldi Theel. {c) Phascolosoma ohlini Theel. (c) Phascolosoma pudicum Selenka. Kerguelen. Selenka (1885, p. 11); Stephen, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Rep. (in the Press), (c) Phascolosoma mawsoni Benham. Commonwealth Bay. Benham (1922, p. 13). Off Enderby Land : off Kemp Land. Stephen, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Rep. (in the Press). {c) Phascolion Intense Selenka. Southern Indian Ocean. 53° 55' S, 108° 35' E; 62° 26' S, 95° 44' E. Selenka (1885, p. 16). Priapulidae. {a) Priapulns caudatus Lamarck var. tiiberciilato-spinosiis Baird. {a) Priapulus bicaudatus Koren and Danielssen var. australis de Guerne. Patagonia; South Shetlands. De Guerne (1888, p. 13). (c) Priapidus horridiis Theel. Coast of Uruguay. Theel (191 1, p. 24). Thus of the twenty-three species listed, ten come under category {a) and two under [b) ; that is, half are either northern species or very closely related to them. While this phenomenon of bipolarity is well known and is seen in other groups of animals, it would appear, when all the records are examined, to be as well shown in these groups as any. The question of bipolarity has been discussed by several authors and more than one theory put forward to account for the facts. It seems too early as yet to try to theorize, especially in view of the considerable additions made by the B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. and Discovery Expeditions. Also, in spite of the considerable surveys made, several species are represented by only one or two specimens. Intensive work would almost certainly secure many more records which might show a very different picture. One fact, how- ever, seems to stand out and may represent a real condition, namely, that in the Ant- arctic most of these bipolar species seem to be confined to the South American quadrant. 1 British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition. 245 ECHIURIDAE Genus Echiurus Pallas I. Echiurus antarcticus Spengel. Plate VII, fig. i. Echiurus antarcticus Spengel, 1912, p. 200. Distribution. South Georgia; Grytviken, Cumberland Bay: Spengel, loc. cit. Occurrence. South Georgia: St. WS 62. 15-90 m. Larsen Harbour, 10-20 m. St. 28. 168 m. St. 45. 238-270 m. St. 140. 122-136 m. St. 142. 88-273 rn- St. 148. 132-148 m. St. 167. 244-344 m. South Shetlands: St 190. 90-130 m. Our knowledge of this species rests on the specimens described by Spengel from South Georgia. In the collections there are examples from nine stations, but these, with one exception, are still in close proximity to the original place of capture. The new record comes from St. 190 in the Bismarck Strait, South Shetlands, and this marks a considerable extension in the known range of the species, this station being nearly a thousand miles from South Georgia. It should be stated, however, that this record rests on the presence of a single introvert in the collection, no other portions of the animal being found. This introvert is very similar to that contained in the same tube as the specimen of Echiurus antarcticus at St. 167 which, I presume, belonged to this species. In all, fourteen specimens were taken and these came from nine stations. At seven of these stations only a single specimen was found, but at Wilson Harbour five animals were brought up by the grapnel, and oflf Signy Island two specimens were secured with net N 4-T. The species is a fairly deep water one, the range in depth at which it was taken by the Discovery Committee's ships varied from 88 to 344 m., with the single exception of the shallow-water station in Larsen Harbour where the depth was under 20 m. Spengel, in his description of the species, gives as distinctions between this species and the northern Echiurus echiurus Pall. : (i) the arrangement of the papillae on the skin, (2) the shape of the introvert, (3) the number of nephridia. In E. echiurus the small papillae lying between the well-marked rows of large papillae are also arranged in rows. In E. antarcticus Spengel states that the small papillae are not arranged in this manner but are scattered. In most of the Discovery specimens the small papillae are not very distinct, but an examination of the animals shows that the small papillae, which at first sight appear to be scattered at random, are really arranged in rows. The rows, however, are very incomplete and gaps of varying width occur. The second distinction between the two species lies in the form of the introvert. In E. echiurus this takes the form of a short stout truncate cylinder, with longitudinal 246 DISCOVERY REPORTS ribbing on the inner surface. As has already been stated, two introverts were found in the collection, one of which was included in the same tube as a specimen of E. antarcticus and the other was in a tube alone. Spengel (1912, p. 200) also found a similar unattached introvert which he assumed belonged to this species. The two introverts in the Dis- covery collections were very similar. The one from St. 167 measured about 65 mm. in length and about 18 mm. at its broadest part. At the posterior end where it had been attached to the body it was rolled into a small tube for a distance of about 5 mm., thereafter broadening out into a more or less uniform wide flap. At the anterior end it was slightly T-shaped. The colour throughout was cream, except along the edges where it was light brown. The inner surface was practically smooth throughout, except for a slight ribbing along the edges. The introvert found at St. 190 was in all respects similar. It was about 50 mm. in length and about 1 1 mm. at its greatest breadth. The third distinction lies in the number of nephridia. In E. echiurus there are two pairs and in E. antarcticus Spengel suggests that there may be three pairs. The nephridia are evidently easily destroyed and seem to macerate first, and in most cases I was unable to come to a definite decision as to the number of nephridia in the Discovery specimens except in the case of three of the specimens where there seemed definitely to be only two pairs. Thus, of the three suggested distinctions between the two species given by Spengel only the difference in the shape and structure of the introvert seems to be valid, judging by the Discovery specimens. Spengel had doubts as to whether the two species were really distinct. They are without any doubt very closely related, but the very different structure of the introvert would seem to suggest that in the meantime the two should be kept apart. In most of the specimens the setae in the two posterior rows were too damaged to make it possible to count them, but fortunately in several of the specimens the rows appeared to be complete, and the counts were as follows: In the five specimens from Larsen Harbour two had seven setae in each row, while the remaining three had seven setae in the inner row and eight in the outer row. In the animals from West Cumberland Bay there were nine setae in the inner row but the outer row was too damaged for counting. In the specimen from East Cumberland Bay there were eight setae in each row. Taking the collection as a whole, there would seem to be, on the average, seven to nine setae in the inner row and seven to eight in the outer row. There would seem to be a good deal of variation, since Spengel (1912, p. 201) gives for his specimens ten setae as the number in the outer row and five in the inner row. Genus Urechis Seitz 2. Urechis chilensis (Miiller). Echiurus chilensis Miiller, 1852, p. 21. E.farcimen Baird, 1873, p. 97. E. chilensis Miiller, Fischer, 1896, p. 6. Urechis chilensis (Miiller), Seitz, 1907, p. 323. ECHIURIDAE 247 Distribution. Chile: Miiller, loc. cit. Chile: Punta Arenas, Magellan Straits: Baird, Fischer, loc. cit. Chile: coast near Tumbes (I presume this is the town about 20 miles north of Conception), Seitz, loc. cit. Occurrence. Off Patagonia: St. WS 777. 98-99 m. One specimen approximately 140 mm. in length was taken off Patagonia. While the species has been recorded on several occasions from the eastern side of the Continent, this is the first record from the Atlantic coast. The animal had the body wall damaged in places. The papillae on approximately the last 2 cm. of the body were higher than those in the middle. The same was true of the area just behind the introvert. There for a depth of about 1-5 cm. the papillae were higher than in the middle of the body and gave the skin a scaly appearance. There were ten anal bristles, irregularly spaced. The three pairs of segmental organs were all very long and reached to within about 2 cm. of the posterior end of the body. The first two pairs were very much swollen, the largest having a maximum diameter of about 8 mm. The third pair were merely long thin tubes. Genus Thalassema Lamarck The only species belonging to this group so far reported from the Antarctic is Thalassema verrucosiim described by Studer (1879, p. 124) from Kerguelen. So far as the family itself is concerned, it is mainly a tropical one and few species have been found in the colder seas. The collections of these animals brought back by the ' Dis- covery ' is therefore of special interest, since six individuals belonging to two species hitherto unrecorded in the Antarctic were secured. A further point of interest is that one of these species is a well-known Arctic form. Both the stations at which they were found were from fairly deep water. 3. Thalassema faex Selenka. Plate VII, fig. 2. Distribution. Arctic seas off Norway, etc. Occurrence. South Shetlands: St. 172. 525 m. Three specimens were secured. Two were complete and the third was fragmentary. All were strongly contracted. The introvert was small in comparison with the length of the body. In the two complete specimens the bodies were 45 and 20 mm. and the respective introverts 5 and 4 mm. When fully expanded the introvert may be longer. The skin was white with only a few indistinct papillae. The digestive tract was filled with black rock fragments of all sizes from fine grains to fragments about 2 mm. in length. This dark mass showed distinctly through the skin. The longitudinal muscles were continuous. There was only a single pair of nephridia, white in colour, and containing a few large round ova. The specimens seem to correspond closely to the northern species and to be idenfified with it. 248 DISCOVERY REPORTS 4. Thalassema antarcticum sp.nov. Plate VII, figs. 3, 4. Occurrence. Falkland Islands: St. 1909. 132 m. Palmer Archipelago, SchoUaert Channel: St. 182. 278-500 m. HoLOTYPE. The introvert seemed to be fully expanded and was much longer than the body, which was short and cylindrical. The body measured 27 mm. and the introvert 52 mm. In preservative the introvert was straw-coloured with a darkened thickened edge all round, while the body was grey-brown. In life, however, the colour was more vivid, as the colour note made at the time of capture indicates : ' found embedded in the heart of a dark green clayish rock, only the ribbon-like introvert protruding through a chink in the surface of the rock and waving gently to and fro. Body pale yellow-white, translucent, the viscera showing through. The introvert pale milk-white, translucent, edged with opaque porcelain-white.' The surface of the introvert was smooth and the thickened edge had indentations at intervals. The tip was not divided but had an indentation similar to those along the sides. The body was smooth in appearance, and only under magnification were the very small papillae visible. These papillae were very small, elongated, white bodies and were seen only in the middle of the body. The skin at the extremities of the body was somewhat corrugated. The longitudinal muscles were continuous. There were two yellow ventral setae. These were rectangular in shape in the end portion when seen in full and are only slightly bent at the tip when seen in profile. There was only one pair of segmental organs and they had no spiral appendages. They were thin white tubes and narrowed at the lower end into a still thinner tube which bore the funnel at its lower end. Holotype taken at St. 1909. Deposited at the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). At St. 1909 an introvert similar to that possessed by the type was also taken, and a similar colour note attached to it. At St. 182 a much larger animal was taken, which seemed to belong to this species. The body measured 67 mm. The introvert measured only 33 mm., this comparative shortness compared with those at St. 1909 being due to contraction. Such a diflFerence due to the state of the animal when preserved has been illustrated by Shipley (1899, pi. xxxiii, figs. 5, 6, p. 338) in the case of Thalassema neptuni. The introvert was similar in. appearance to the others mentioned. The ventral setae had been lost. The two segmental organs were long thickish tubes, almost three-quarters the length of the body and filled with small ova. This species differs from others of its genus possessing continuous longitudinal muscles and a single pair of segmental organs, in the lack of papillae on the body and in the long ribbon-like introvert. ECHIURIDAE 249 Genus Hamingia Koren and Danielssen 5. Hamingia arctica Koren and Danielssen. Plate VIII, fig. i. Distribution. Arctic seas. Occurrence. St. 1958, South Shetlands. 740 m. One contracted specimen only was secured. The body measured 28 mm. and the introvert 20 mm. The diameter of the body at the widest part was 13 mm. In alcohol the colour was a uniform dull grey-green, and the body wall in the posterior half was sufficiently thin for the rod-like pellets filling the digestive tract to be seen. In the living state, however, the animal was highly coloured as the colour note made at the time of capture indicates: 'body an extraordinarily vivid grass green, introvert very pale weak-milk white.' The skin was very tough. The whole animal was contracted and the body was filled with a mass of elongated cylindrical clay pellets of varying size, rounded at the ex- tremities. Owing to the tough nature of the skin and the closely packed mass of clay pellets in the digestive tract, considerable maceration had taken place and the walls of the gut had completely disappeared, as well as some of the other structures. Any comparison of the course and shape of the digestive tract was out of the question. Two accounts of the appearance and anatomy of this species have been given : the original one by Koren and Danielssen (1881, p. 20) and a later one by Wesenberg- Lund (1934, p. 7). With regard to the Discovery specimen, the body was smooth as described by Koren and Danielssen, not warty at the extremities as in the specimen described by Wesenberg- Lund. The two prominent cylindrical papillae described by Koren and Danielssen were not seen in the Discovery specimen, as was also the case in Wesenberg-Lund's specimens. Two low hemispherical bulges of the body wall appeared on the anterior ventral side some distance apart on the Discovery specimen about 3 mm. from the base of the introvert. They seemed, however, to be accidental bulges rather than related to the papillae in question. They were at some considerable lateral distance from the openings of the nephridia. The introvert formed an almost closed tube for most of its length. It was somewhat macerated. The tip was T-shaped and folded. When the tip was unfolded as in the figure, it was seen to be bifid but the arms were comparatively short, much shorter than those figured by Wesenberg-Lund (1934, fig. i), but this may not be significant since the Antarctic specimen was somewhat macerated and further was more contracted than the specimen figured. As previously indicated, the digestive tract was completely macerated. The anal trees were also incomplete but seemed quite in keeping with previous descriptions. Two small nephridia were present, opening to the exterior close behind the introvert. In spite of the great difference in distance between the known areas of distribution, the Arctic and Antarctic specimens seem sufficiently similar for them to be linked under the same species. 250 DISCOVERY REPORTS SIPUNCULIDAE Considerable collections of these animals were secured both in the Antarctic and on the outward and homeward voyages. Since these latter stations are incidental to the Antarctic survey proper and the species secured are tropical ones, the two sets of species are listed separately. (a) SPECIES TAKEN IN ANTARCTIC WATERS Genus Phascolosoma F. S. Leuckart 6. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel. Plate VIII, fig. 2. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel, 191 1, p. 28. Distribution. South Georgia, Graham Land Region: Theel, loc. cit. 65° 48' S, 53° 16' E: Stephen, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Rep. (in the Press). 66° S, 140° E: Stephen, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Rep. (in the Press). 66° 45' S, 62° 03' E: Stephen, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Rep. (in the Press). 67° 03' S, 74° 29' E: Stephen, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Rep. (in the Press). Occurrence. Falkland Islands: St. WS 244. 247-253 m. St.WS783. 155 m. South Georgia: St. 42. 120-204 m. St. 45. 238-270 m. St. 123. 230-250 m. South Shetlands: St. 175. 200 m. Ross Sea: St. 1645. 475 m. St. 1651. 594 m. St. 1653. 485 m. St. 1659. 512 m. This species has been recorded by Theel from South Georgia and the Graham Land region. It was also taken by the B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. on the edge of the Antarctic Continent off Adelie Land, etc. The Discovery collections show that it occurs over a much wider area of the Antarctic. In these collections it was not taken in the Graham Land region, although already recorded from there, but was taken at South Georgia. It is now recorded from the Falklands and, more interestingly, from four stations in the Ross Sea. There is not a great deal to add to Theel's excellent description, but the number of specimens in the Discovery collections enables the description to be elaborated at one or two points. In Theel's specimens the skin was thin, shining and semi-transparent. While this was true of the small specimens in the collection and a number of the large ones taken by the 'Discovery', other large specimens had the skin over the introvert or over the whole body dull and opaque. In some the introvert was stained with brown or black. Theel has also described the papillae in his specimens as being cylindrical over the body except at the girdle of vesicles, but in all these Discovery specimens as the girdle of vesicles was approached from the anterior end the papillae tended to be more or less swollen at the base and had the general appearance of a narrow cone. In some of the specimens one or two of the papillae were set on isolated vesicles. SIPUNCULIDAE 251 The portion of the body carrying the girdle of vesicles varied greatly in shape. In some specimens it was of the same diameter as the body but in others was swollen to varying degrees, in the extreme case being almost like a ball, with the viscera showing through the wall. Where this portion was greatly expanded the 'tail' was usually prominent, but in two of the smaller specimens the tail was very inconspicuous and the area with vesicles narrow so that the end of the body looked rounded with the girdle like a cap at the end. Most of the specimens were not fully expanded but, allowing for this, a comparison of the lengths of the animals is interesting. Most of Theel's specimens from South Georgia were small, but his specimens from Graham Land region he called ' large ' ; the largest was, however, only 100 mm. in length. While the three specimens taken at the Falklands and South Georgia were small, measuring some 15-45 "^"^- iri length, the specimens from the Ross Sea were almost all large, in most cases greatly exceeding 100 mm. For example, at St. 1645 the largest specimen, fully expanded, measured 250 mm., while two others, not fully expanded, measured 190 and 140 mm. respectively. At Sts. 1651 and 1653 specimens equally large were taken. At St. 1659 the specimens tended to be smaller, being only some 130-140 mm. in length. The species seems to live in moderately deep water. Theel gave a record from South Georgia of only 75 m. but the Discovery specimens ranged from 120 to 594 m. 7. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. Plate VIII, figs. 3, 4. Sipunculus margaritaceus Sars (1851, p. 196). Phascolosoma capsiforme Baird (1868, p. 83). P. antarcticum Michaelsen (1889, p. 3). P.fuscum Michaelsen (1889, p. 3). P. georgianum Michaelsen (1889, p. 3). P. margaritaceum Sars var. capsiforme Baird, Fischer (1896, p. 3). P. margaritaceum Sars ?, Theel (191 1, p. 26). P. margaritaceum Sars, Fischer (1920, p. 409). P. socium Lanchester (1908, p. i). P. antarcticum Herubel (1908, p. i). P. margaritaceum var. capsiforme Baird, Benham (1922, p. 7). P. capsiforme Baird, Pratt (1898, p. 16); Shipley (1902, p. 285). Distribution. Falkland Islands: Baird, Theel, Pratt. South Georgia: Michaelsen, Theel. Tierra del Fuego: Theel. Graham Region: Theel, Fischer. Cape Adare: Shipley. Port Charcot: Herubel. Commonwealth Bay: Benham. Ross Sea: Lanchester. Occurrence. Off Patagonia: St. WS 89. 21-23 "^^ One small specimen. St. WS 788. 82-88 m. Five medium-sized and small specimens. Falkland Islands: St. WS 73. 121m. Six small and three very small specimens. St. WS 80. 152-156 m. One medium-sized specimen. St. WS 84. 74-75 m. Three medium-sized, two small specimens. 252 DISCOVERY REPORTS Falkland Islands: St. WS 85. 79 m. One medium-sized specimen. St. WS 225. 161-162 m. One medium-sized specimen. St. WS 248. 210-242 m. One medium-sized specimen. St. WS 250. 251-313 m. One medium-sized specimen. South Georgia: St. MS 27. 200 m. Two medium-sized specimens. St. MS 74. 22-40 m. One small specimen. St. 27. no m. One very small specimen. St. 45. 238-270 m. One medium-sized specimen, one small. St. 141. 17-27 m. Three medium-sized specimens. Ross Sea: St. 1645. 475 m. Four large specimens. St. 1647. 420 m. One medium-sized specimen. St. 1 65 1. 594 m. One small specimen. St. 1653. 485 m. One large specimen. St. 1660. 351 m. One medium-sized specimen. This species is one of the commonest and best known Antarctic forms. It appears to be subject to very considerable variation. As the synonymy show^s, several varieties and even species have been described which later have been rejected and linked with this species. Variation seems greatest in the very large and, presumably, old individuals and seems to follow the same general trend in both hemispheres. Varieties hanseni and trybomi, previously described from Arctic waters, have now been taken in the Antarctic and, conversely, the variety antarcticiim, described from South Georgia, has been recorded by Sato (1939, p. 409) from Japanese waters. The large animals from Sts. 1647, 1653 and 1660 from the Ross Sea do not, at first sight, suggest this species. On the balance of characters, however, it has been considered right to regard them as old individuals of this species, possibly considerably aft'ected by the nature of the habitat. The specimens from the Ross Sea were mostly very large animals and showed a good deal of variation in the thickness and appearance of the body wall. The animals from Sts. 1647 and 1660 were most alike in appearance. That from St. 1660 was contracted into a short cylinder and the body measured 24 mm. The body wall was thin and transparent so that the closely coiled gut showed through. The specimen from St. 1647 was expanded and measured 125 mm. overall and had the usual pearl grey colour. The specimen from St. 1653 was peculiar in appearance. It was contracted and measured 150 mm. overall. The anterior part of the body was yellow in colour and very firm in texture. The rest of the animal was dirty grey in colour and the skin was very thin so that the gut was quite visible. The animal had the appearance of having been living in a tube or in very dense clay soil. The animal from St. 1651 was of medium size. As in the preceding specimen, it was yellow anteriorly but the body was firm and uniform throughout. The four specimens from St. 1645 were dissimilar in appearance. Two were pearly grey in appearance and resembled those from St. 1647. The two other animals were dirty grey in colour with a good deal of black deposit on them. The skin was very rough and corky in appearance. All specimens were damaged so that measure- ments could not be given, but they were all very large. Although so very different in appearance, the specimens seemed all to belong to this species. In most specimens the typical criss-cross markings of the skin were seen. The chief difference noted was that SIPUNCULIDAE 253 the gut seemed much larger in proportion. In most specimens the body was filled with a large mass of gut filled with fine mud, and the retractors occupied only a very small area in the anterior third, very similar to the proportions of the variety trybomi. ? var. hanseni Koren and Danielssen. The specimens from St. WS 788 were four in number and ranged from 29 to 64 mm. in length, overall. They seemed to approach this variety. The smallest two specimens were fairly typical, but even in them the skin at the two extremities of the body was assuming a corky appearance, and in the second smallest specimen just below the introvert was a small area where the skin was becoming corky in appearance and pitted with pores, like little rounded pits. In the largest specimen a considerable area at each end of the body had a rough corky appearance, and the whole intermediate area of the body had these small pits scattered over it. Internally, however, the specimens differed from the variety in that the bases of the retractors were not divided. var. trybomi Theel. Phascolosoma ^ryftomz Theel, 1905, p. 69. P. margaritaceum Sars var. trybomi Theel, Fischer, 1924, p. 69; 1925, p. 19. P. trybomi Thee], Stephen, 1936, p. 166. P. margaritaceum Sars var. trybomi Theel, Stephen, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Rep. (in the Press). Distribution. Arctic seas: Theel, loc. cit.; Stephen, loc. cit. Antarctic, oif Sabrina Land, 64° 28' S, 114° 59' E: Stephen, loc. cit. Occurrence. Falkland Islands, Port Stanley Harbour, on the shore amongst mussels. 18. ii. 27. One specimen, about 115 mm. in length, was secured. It was undamaged externally, but was somewhat macerated internally. The gut was in part destroyed so that the coils could not be counted. The specimen corresponded closely to that figured by Theel and also with a specimen in my possession taken in the northern North Sea, but with a small difference in colour. The animal from the Falk- land Islands was dirty grey both externally and internally and lacked the mother-of- pearl lustre on the inside of the body well seen in the northern specimens. The Scottish specimen was rose pink both externally and internally. This form has only been re- corded on a very few occasions in northern waters, usually from fairly deep water. It is interesting to find it in the Antarctic, although it has already been recorded in the collections made by the B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. 8. Phascolosoma nordenskjoldi Theel. Phascolosoma nordenskjdhU Theel, 1911, p. 30. Distribution. Falkland Islands and South Georgia: Theel, loc. cit. Kerguelen: Stephen, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Rep. (in the Press). Occurrence. South Georgia: St. MS 68. 220-247 m. 'From root of giant sponge.' Falkland Islands: St. WS 212. 242-249 m. St. WS 225. i6i-i62m. St. WS 236. 272-300 m. St. WS 237. 150-256 m. St. WS 246. 208-267 m. 3-2 254 DISCOVERY REPORTS This is a small species. The largest specimen described by Theel measured only 9 mm. in length, and the Discovery specimens were mostly about this size. It was first taken at South Georgia and the Falkland Islands and the Discovery specimens came from much the same area, namely, from South Georgia and from an extensive patch lying to the north of the Falkland Islands along the edge of the continental shelf. It has also been found at Kerguelen, having been taken there by the B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. in 1930. The depths in which it was taken were also considerably in excess of these previously recorded. At the Falkland Islands it was taken in 12 m., at South Georgia in depths ranging from 64 to 195 m., and at Kerguelen in 91 m. The range in depth of the Discovery specimens was 150-300 m. One of the animals from St. WS 212 had the body full of ova. 9. Phascolosoma ohlini Theel. PhascoJosoma olilini Theel, 191 1, p. 29. P. ohlini Theel, Fischer, 1920, p. 413. Distribution. South Georgia: Theel, loc. cit. North of Astrolabe Island, 63° 9' S, 58° 17' W: Theel, loc. cit. Kaiser Wilhelm Land, 66° 2' S, 89° 38' E: Fischer, loc. cit. Occurrence. Falkland Islands: St. WS 840. 368-463 m. One specimen 'from large rock'. South Georgia: St. WS 33. 130 m. One specimen. St. 39. 179-235 m. Three very large specimens, one small. St. 42. 120-204 m. Two medium-sized specimens. St. 123. 230-250 m. One medium-sized specimen, six small. St. 149. 200-234 m. Five small to medium specimens. St. 159. 160 m. One very small specimen. South Shetlands: St. 196. 720 m. Three small specimens, one with the body full of ova. These animals agreed well with Theel's description and no comment need be made except that the tentacles may be more numerous than the original description stated. The species is evidently a fairly widespread one from south of the Falklands to the South Shetlands. The Discovery stations are from considerably deeper water than the previous records. Genus Phascolion Theel 10. Phascolion strombi (Mont.) Phascolion strombi (Mont.) ?, Theel, 1911, p. 31. Distribution. This species is widely distributed in Arctic and northern waters. In the Antarctic it has been recorded from one station, namely. Shag Rocks Bank (between South Georgia and the Falkland Islands), 53° 34' S, 43° 23' W. 160 m. Theel, loc. cit. Occurrence. South Georgia: St. WS 179. 125 m. St. 27. no m. St. 42. 120-204 m. St. 140. 122-136 m. St. 144. 155-178 m. St. 159. 160 m. SIPUNCULIDAE 255 Near Shag Rocks: St. 160. 177 m. South Shetlands: St. 175. 200 m. St. 187. 259 m. Clarence Island: St. 170. 342 m. Previously this species was known from only one station in the Antarctic at Shag Rocks Bank as recorded by Theel. In his record he put a question mark after the identification but stated that he could not differentiate his animals from northern ones. Fischer (1920, p. 417) quotes the record without the query, being satisfied that the southern animals were the same as the northern ones. The present specimens agreed with Theel's figures and description, and are regarded as belonging to the species. Although previously recorded from only one locality it has a much wider area of distribution, since the Discovery specimens came from over a wide area from South Georgia to the South Shetlands. At few points was it common, two or three specimens at each station being the usual catch. The species usually lives in old shells of gastropods or Dentaliiim, but is often found living free. In these Antarctic collections it was found living free and in shells in about equal proportions, as the following table shows : St. 27. One large and one small specimen, both living in the same gastropod shell. One large and one small specimen, living in the same gastropod shell. Two specimens, living free. , Three specimens, living free. . Eleven specimens, living free. . Three specimens in gastropod shells. , One specimen in gastropod shell. , Three specimens in gastropod shells, two living free. One specimen, living free. One specimen, living free. (b) SPECIES TAKEN IN SOUTH AFRICAN WATERS AND IN THE EASTERN ATLANTIC 1 1 . Larval sipunculid. Occurrence. Off South-East Africa: St. 1569. 31" 50-3' S, 32° 20-5' E. 12. iv. 35. 1200-300 m. T.Y.F.B. Only one specimen, about 5 mm. in diameter, was taken. There were numerous very small indistinct papillae scattered over the skin, and there were thirty-six radiating longitudinal muscle bands. On a dark field the animal, preserved in formol, had a bluish appearance and the skin appeared iridescent. This form was originally considered to be a distinct, but pelagic aberrant, species of sipunculid and was given the name of Pelagosphaera aloysii by Mingazzini (1905, p. 713). More recent investigations by Dawydoff' (1930, p. 88) have shown that it is an unidentified larva of some sipunculid. Dawydoff was fortunate in securing over thirty live specimens and was able to follow the metamorphosis until the animals had ceased to be pelagic and were developing an elongated body and an opaque skin. St. 42. St 140. St. 144 St. 159 St. 160, St. 170, St. 175' St. 187. St. 199, 2s6 DISCOVERY REPORTS These latter specimens were taken off the coast of Annam. Other locaUties in which it has been found are the southern Pacific (between Norfolk Island and new Caledonia), the Gulf of Senegal and the seas around Java and the Moluccas. Genus Sipunculus Linnaeus 12. Sipunculus nudus L. Distribution. This species is widely distributed in the oceans of the world, being recorded from many parts of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. Occurrence. St. WS 128, west side Gough Island, inshore, 40" 19' 00" S, 10" 04' 00" W. 10. iv. 27. 90-120 m. Only one specimen was secured. This consisted of the lustrous, translucent and highly iridescent anterior portion of a medium-sized animal. The internal organs were much damaged. There were thirty-two longitudinal muscle bands. The ventral retractors were attached to the second, third and fourth longitudinal muscle bands, while the dorsal retractors were attached to the ninth, tenth and eleventh muscle bands. Genus Physcosoma Selenka 13. Physcosoma nigrescens Keferstein. Distribution. A widely distributed species occurring in the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean and in the Atlantic. In this latter area it has been recorded from the east coast of South America and from the west coast of Africa as far north as the Gulf of Guinea. In the Gulf of Guinea it has been recorded from the Gold Coast, Ilha das Rolas bei Ilha de Sao Thome and the Isle of Annobon. It is now recorded for the first time from Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Occurrence. Ascension: Clarence Bay: St. i. 16-27 m. St. 2. Shore collection 'found in Lithe thamnion'. Tristan da Cunha: St. 4. 40-46 m. St. 6. 80-140 m. Gulf of Guinea: Off Annobon. St. 283. 18-30 m. At St. I the animals were mostly large, the largest, which was not fully expanded, measuring about 55 mm. overall. All were distinctly coloured. In each animal the dorsal side of the introvert was red-brown. In some, single red-brown papillae were scattered over the body showing up in marked contrast to the whitish papillae covering the body. In other specimens the red-brown papillae were gathered into small groups giving the animals the appearance of being spotted. Twenty-five specimens were taken. At St. 2 the ten specimens were considerably smaller than those at St. i, the largest measuring only some 20 mm. overall. These animals had also red-brown papillae scattered over the body. At St. 4 some fifty specimens were taken. All were comparatively small, the largest which was more or less fully expanded, measuring only some 30 mm. overall. At this station the animals were all a dirty grey- white and showed no colouring at all. At St. 6, from fairly deep water, only one small specimen was secured. It also showed no pigmentation. PRIAPULIDAE 257 At St. 283 seven small, three intermediate and four large specimens were taken. The large animals were fully expanded, the largest measuring about 125 mm. overall. Some of them resembled those taken at Ascension in having red-brown papillae scattered over the body. 14. Physcosoma scolops Selenka and de Man. Distribution. A cosmopolitan species occurring in many parts of the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean and on the southern and western coasts of Africa. Along the coasts of Natal and Cape Province it is one of the commonest intertidal sipuncuHds, and has been secured at a number of places along these coasts during the recent surveys carried out by the Zoology Department of the University of Cape Town. On the west coast of Africa it has been recorded as far north as the Gulf of Guinea. In this latter area it has been recorded from the Gold Coast, Ilha das Rolas bei Ilha de Sao Thome, the Isle of Annobon and the Belgian Congo. The Discovery col- lections have not greatly extended the known range of distribution on the African coast, but the species is recorded for the first time from Ascension. Occurrence. Cape Province: Saldanha Bay beach. 1926. False Bay off Simon's Town: St. 90. 1-2 m. Ascension: Clarence Bay: St. i. 16-27 m. The specimens were quite typical and need no description. The species was not found in any abundance, the numbers at the stations being two, two and one re- spectively. Genus Aspidosiphon Diesing 15. Aspidosiphon miilleri Diesing. Distribution. This species occurs along the Atlantic coasts of Norway, Britain and France. It is also found in the northern North Sea and in the Mediterranean. On the west coast of Africa it is recorded south to the French Congo. On the east coast of Africa it is known from Suez and Jibouti. Sluiter has also recorded it from the Malay region. In the Gulf of Guinea and neighbourhood it is recorded from Dahomey, southern Nigeria and Kinsembo. Occurrence. Gulf of Guinea: Off Annobon: St. 283. 18-30 m. French Congo: Off Cape Lopez: St. 279. 58-67 m. At St. 283 thirteen specimens were taken, the largest being about 20 mm. overall, while the rest were small. At St. 279 four small specimens were secured. PRIAPULIDAE The family is a small one, only three species being recognized. Of these, two occur in northern seas, and three in southern and Antarctic waters. Of these latter, two are now considered to be only varieties of the northern species. The southern records are as follows: Priapulus horridus Theel (191 1, p. 24). Uruguay: 33° S, 51° 10' W. 80 m. 2s8 DISCOVERY REPORTS Priapulus bicaudatus Danielssen var. aiistralis de Guerne. De Guerne (1888, p. 13). Patagonia: 44° 47' S, 65° 56' W. 90 m. South Shetlands: Sound of Navarin. 200 m. Priapulus caudatus Lamarck var. tuberculato-spinosus Baird. From many parts of the Antarctic. Only the last named appeared in the Discovery collections. In addition, Benham (1916) reports that a single specimen was found in the collections made by F.I.S. ' Endeavour ', but there was no note of the locality in which it was taken. Although already recorded froin the Antarctic seas, no specimen had been found so far north in the southern hemisphere, since the ' Endeavour ' did not enter the Antarctic. Genus Priapulus Lamarck 16. Priapulus caudatus Lamarck var. tuberculato-spinosus Baird. P. tuberculato-spinosus Baird, 1868, p. 106; de Guerne, 1888, p. 9. P. hiimanus Lamarck var. ant aid tens Michaelsen, 18S9, p. 10. P. caudatus Lamarck var. antarcticus Michaelsen, Fischer, 1896, p. 10. P. humanus (Lamarck) var. antarcticus Michaelsen, Collin, 1901, p. 299. P. caudatus Lamarck, Shipley, 1902, p. 284. P. caudatus Lamarck forma tuberculato-spinosus Baird, Theel, 191 1, p. 18. P. caudatus Lamarck var. antarcticus Michaelsen, Fischer, 1920, p. 419. P. caudatus var. tuberculato-spinosus Baird, Benham, 1922, p. 6. P. caudatus Benham, 1932, p. 890. Distribution. Commonwealth Bay, Macquarie Island: Benham (1922). Falkland Islands: Baird; de Guerne; Theel. Graham Land Region: Theel. Island of Navarin, Puerto Toro: Fischer; Michaelsen. Kerguelen: Collin; Fischer. New Zealand: Benham (1932). Orange Bay: de Guerne. Patagonia: Theel. South Georgia: Fischer; Michaelsen; Theel. Straits of Magellan: de Guerne. Tierra del Fuego : Fischer. Victoria Land, Cape Adare : Shipley. Occurrence. South Georgia. St. 141. 17-27 m. Two specimens. St. 144. 155-178 m. One specimen. Fish trap, stomach of Notothenia rossi. 4-5 m. 22. xii. 28. One specimen. Falkland Islands: Port Stanley, shore collection. One specimen. South Orkneys: St. 167. 244-344 m. Two specimens. St. 1961. 340-360 m. Three specimens. South Shetlands: St. 195. 391 m. One specimen. St. 1873. 210-180 m. One specimen. St. 1952. 367-383 m. One specimen. This species has been very fully described by Theel (191 1, p. 18), and there is nothing to add to his description. The varietal name of the species has been subject PRIAPULIDAE 259 to a good deal of alteration, some authors preferring to use Michaelsen's name of antarcticus, while others have preferred Baird's name of tuber ailato-spinosus. While the atter is clumsy, I see no reason why Baird's name should not stand, as it is now re- cognized that Baird's specimen belongs to this variety, in spite of trivial discrepancies in his description. This form is widely distributed in the Antarctic seas. It was taken at nine of the Discovery stations, thirteen specimens in all being secured. Of the nine stations only four were in areas from which the species had been previously recorded, and the remaining five, namely, the South Orkneys, South Shetlands, and the area lying between these two groups of islands, are new localities. The range in depth of the stations was considerable. At Port Stanley it was taken on the shore; at South Georgia from 4 to 178 m., while in the South Shetlands the records all come from depths ranging from 210 to 391 m. The specimens varied considerably in size, but in most cases they were too contorted to allow of any accurate measure- ments being made. The smallest, only some 5 mm. overall and taken in the beginning of January, came from St. 144, South Georgia. The next smallest specimen, taken in February, was about 11 mm. in length, and came from St. 167, off Signy Island, South Orkneys. The other specimens in order of size were considerably larger and this would suggest that breeding takes place in late summer. The largest specimens came from the South Shetlands, the body and introvert being between 90 and 100 mm. overall. As it is usual to see these animals with the natural colours lost in the course of pre- servation, the following notes made of the colours for five of the specimens when collected may be of interest. St. 1873. 'Pale in colour, except the introvert, which is brown.' St. 1952. 'Colour generally a pale dirty yellow-brown; caudal vesicles a dull, but deeper, yellow-brown: teeth dark brown.' St. 1961. {a) 'Colour throughout a pale dull dirty cream.' {b) 'Colour throughout a pale dirty cream.' {c) ' Colour pale cream.' In the two last specimens the full colour may not have been developed, since the specimens were comparatively small and may have been fairly young. LITERATURE CITED Baird, W., 1868. Monograph of the species of worms belonging to the subclass Gephyrea. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1873. Description of some new species of Annelida and Gephyrea in the collection of the British Museum. J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), XI. Benham, W. B., 1916. Report on the Polychaeta obtained by F.I.S. 'Endeavour' on the coasts of New South ' Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. III. Report on the Gephyrean Priapulus obtained by F.I.S. 'Endeavour' in Australian waters. Fish. Commonw. Australia, iv. 1922. Gephyrea inermia. Sci. Rep. Aust. Antarctic Exp. 1911-14. Series C, vi, pt. 5. 1932. Friapulus cmdntus in New Zealand waters. Nature, Lend., cxxx. Collin, A., 1901. Die Gephyreen der Deutschen Expedition S.M.S. 'Gazelle'. Arch. Naturgesch., 67. Jahrgang, Beiheft. 26o DISCOVERY REPORTS Dawydoff, C. N., 1930. Oiielques observations sur Pelagosphaera, larve de Sipunculide des cotes d'Annam. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. lv. Fischer, W., 1896. Gephyrea, in Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise, Lief. i. 1916. Die Gephyreenausbeute der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, 1898-9. Vorlauf. Mitt., im Zool. Anz. XL VIII, no. I. 1920. Gephyreen der antarktischen and sub-antarktischen Meere. Deutsche Siid-Polar Expedition, XVI. Zoologie, VIII. — — 1924. Beitrag sur Kenntnis der Sipunculiden. Ueber die verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen der Arten Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars, Phase, hanseni Dan. und Kor., Phase, trybomi T/ieel. Zool. Anz. LViii. 1925. Echiiiridae, Sipunculidae, Priapulidae. Tierzvelt N.- u. Ostsee. Lief. I, Teil v\d. Leipzig. DE GuERNE, J., 1888. Priapulides. Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882-3, ^i, Zoologie. Paris. H^RUBEL, M. A., 1908. Giphyriens. Expedition Antarctique Franfais, 1903-5. KoREN, J. and Danielssen, D. C, 1881. Norzvegian North Atlantic Expedition, 1876-8, pt. iii. Lanchester, W. F., 1908. Sipunculoidea. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-4, iv. MiCHAELSEN, W., 1 889. Die Gephyreen von Siid-Georgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station von 1882- 3. Jb. hamburg. wiss. Anst. vi, Hamburg. MiNGAZZiNi, P., 1905. Un Gefireo pelagico: Pelagosphaera aloysii. Atti Accad. Lincei, Ser. 5, xiv. MiJLLER, M., 1852. Observationes de vermibus quibusdam maritimis. Diss. Berlin. Pratt, E. M., 1898. Contribution to our knowledge of the marine fauna of the Falkland Islands. Mem. Manchr Lit. Phil. Soc. xlii, no. 13. Sars, M., 1851. Nyt Mag. Natur. vi. Bed. Sato, H., 1939. Studies on the Echiuroidea, Sipunculoidea and Priapuloidea of Japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. XIV, no. 4. Seitz, Ph., 1907. Der Bau von Echiurus chilensis {Urechis n.g.). Zool. Jb. xxiv. Heft 2, Abt. fiir Anat. u. Ontogenie. Selenka, E., 1885. Report on the Gephyrea collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873-76. Rep. Sci. Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. 'Challenger'. Zool., xiii, no. 2. Shipley, A. E., 1899. Willey's Zoological Results, in. 1902. Natural History Collections of the ' Southern Cross'. London. Spengel, J. W., 1912. Beitrdge sur Kenntnis der Gephyreen. IV. Revision der Gattung Echiurus. Zool. Jb. xxxiii, Abt. fiir Systematik. Stephen, A. C, 1936. The Echiuridae, Sipunculidae and Priapulidae of Scottish and adjacent waters. Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinb. xxii, pt. 4. • Report on the Sipimculids collected by the B.A.N.Z.A.R. Expedition, 1929-31. (In the Press.) Studer, Th., 1879. Vide CoUin, 1901. 1879. Thalassema verrucosa sp.nov. Arch. Naturgesch. xlv. TirfEL, H., 1905. Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum, i. Sipun- culids. K. svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. xxxix, no. i. 1911. Priapulids and Sipunculids dredged by the Sivedish Antarctic Expedition, 1901-3. K. svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. XLVii. Uppsala and Stockholm. Wesenberg-Lund, 1934. Gephyreans and Annelids. The Scoresby Sound Committee's second East Greenland Expedition in 1932 to King Christian IX's Land. Medd. Gronland, civ, no. 14. PLATE VII Fig. I. Echiurus antarcticus Spengd. Introvert. St. 190. ,< 1-5 nat. size. Fig. 2. Thalassema faex Selenka. St. 172. x2 nat. size. Fig. 3. Thalassema antarcHcum sp.nov. St. 1909. xrs nat. size. Fig. 4. l^halassetna antarcticumsp.now. St. 182. x 1-5 nat. size. DISCOVERY REPORTS VOL. XXI PLATE VII PLATE VIII Fig. I. Hamingia arctica Koren and Danielssen. St. 1958. x 1-5 nat. size. Fig. 2. Phascolosoma anderssoni Theel. Varying appearance of the posterior end of the body according to degree of inflation. Fig. 3. Phascolosoma 7nargaritaceum Sars. St. 1653. xi'5 nat. size. Fig. 4. Phascolosoma margaritaceum Sars. St. 1647. xi-5 nat. size. DISCOVERY REPORTS VOL. XXI PLATE VIII [Discovery Reports. Vol. XXI, pp. 261-356, October, 1942.] PHYTOPLANKTON PERIODICITY IN ANTARCTIC SURFACE WATERS By T. JOHN HART, D.Sc. CONTENTS Introduction page 262 Aims, methods and terminology 263 Previous work ....-•••••• ^"9 Discussion of the methods employed in relation to recent advances in phytoplankton technique 276 Division of the Antarctic zone into biogeographical regions and areas . 279 Ecological grouping of the important phytoplankton species . . . 281 Notes on the species 286 Itineraries of the phytoplankton observations during the third, fourth and fifth commissions of the R.R.S. ' Discovery 11 ' 295 Description of the observations obtained 30? The Northern Region 3°? The Intermediate Region 3^^ The Southern Region 3^4 The South Georgia Area 3^7 The Scotia Sea 3^9 Other special areas 3^1 Biological features of special interest 322 Distribution with depth of the Antarctic phytoplankton ... 322 The colonial habit in relation to environment 323 Spore formation in Antarctic plankton diatoms 326 The feeding of plankton organisms 327 Discussion ......•••••• 3^9 Summary 34° Acknowledgements 344 References 345 Appendix 34° PHYTOPLANKTON PERIODICITY IN ANTARCTIC SURFACE WATERS By T. John Hart, D.Sc. (Text-figs. 1-19) INTRODUCTION AIMS, METHODS AND TERMINOLOGY OUR main object in planning the phytoplankton work carried out during the last three commissions of the R.R.S. 'Discovery IT was to gain some knowledge of the broader variations in plant population over the whole of the Antarctic zone of the southern ocean. This great enlargement on the scope of our work during earlier com- missions became very necessary with the enormous expansion of modern pelagic whaling during 1928-31, which has since been maintained. In dealing with such a vast sea area it was obviously essential to adopt methods which could be used at as many stations as possible. Although our general knowledge of Antarctic seas made it certain that relatively uniform conditions for plant growth would be found over great distances, it must be remembered that our previous work had been mainly confined to the complicated areas round South Georgia and in the Falkland sector. Further, our detailed knowledge of the hydrological background (Herdman, 1932; Deacon, 1933, 1937; Clowes, 1934, 1938) was being obtained concurrently with the phytoplankton observations. It was therefore impossible to judge beforehand where a series of observations typical of conditions over a wide area could be obtained. It was only in the last stages of these investigations that such series of repeated obser- vations in one area could be undertaken, and the earlier more widespread work inter- preted in the light of the results so obtained. The general plan of campaign, therefore, resolved itself into an atten^pt to obtain as many observations as possible over the whole zone and to compare these subsequently with repeated series of similar observations in what seemed the most typical oceanic area. This is necessary in order to determine how far the broader diflferences in quantity and quality of the phytoplankton are to be ascribed to seasonal changes, rather than inherent differences in the conditions from place to place. In this way I have tried to draw a picture of the main sequence of events in broad outline, for an 'average' year, for several distinct biogeographical regions or areas within the Antarctic zone, and to present it in a form suitable for comparison with other lines of research, such as work on the variations in nutrient materials in the water, and on the zooplankton. It is hoped that this broad survey may serve as a useful basis for more detailed phytoplankton work in the future. In the present circumstances it is 254 DISCOVERY REPORTS very uncertain when such work will again be possible, so that it seems the more desirable that the data, and a possible interpretation of them, should be published without delay. The methods we adopted were: vertical hauls with the Gran International Net from ICO to o m. ; vertical hauls with a modified form of Harvey's apparatus (Harvey, i934«) and centrifuging of water samples. The routine hauls with the Gran Net (N 50 V) of 50 cm. diameter at the mouth, and made of the finest grade of bolting silk, had been fished throughout the previous work of the Discovery investigations. By analysing the catches by the well-known Hensen's methods it was possible to gain some idea of the grosser quantitative changes. The method is very useful for qualitative purposes, as it provides a large amount of material in good condition in a short space of time without the necessity for having a phytoplankton specialist on board to deal with the samples immediately. It was there- fore particularly valuable during the pioneer stages of the investigations when we had little knowledge of the general distribution of the phytoplankton, and had a limited staff distributed over two ships and a shore station. It was realized from the first, however, that such hauls can only provide a very rough idea of even the grossest quan- titative changes (Hardy, in Hardy and Gunther, 1935, pp. 26, 27, 40; Hart, 1934, pp. 15-17). Therefore, as soon as it became possible to adopt better methods, we fished the Gran Net mainly to ensure an abundant supply of material for subsequent taxonomic work. It may still provide the best means of studying the general distribution of some of the larger and rarer diatoms (Hart, 1937), but apart from such special studies the analytical work has been concentrated on the other two methods. Harvey's method consists essentially in applying the assimilatory pigment extract colour match, first introduced into marine plankton work by Kreps (Kreps and Verj- binskaya, 1930), to the catch obtained from a measuring net. Harvey (1934 «, p- 762) tells us that Nansen was the first to suggest the use of a measuring net for plankton studies. The co-ordination of the two ideas and the elaboration of a successful working technique are, however, quite new. We found certain structural modifications necessary to suit our own special conditions, but the dimensions, working parts, and silk nets were identical with those of Harvey's own model. Our subsequent treatment of the catches by digestion with 80 % acetone and direct visual comparison of the coloured extract with the nickel sulphate mixture were carried out exactly as described in Harvey's first account of the method (19340, pp. 770-1). Quantitative counting was not attempted, but during the third and fourth commissions all the catches were examined micro- scopically at sea and the dominant species noted. During the fifth commission all the catches were subjected to a more thorough microscopic examination, usually when fresh. A ' qualitative count' was made from a large wet mount prepared from the well- mixed sample, which usually involved the examination of some thirty fields of the microscope, but varied considerably according to the size of the catch. The numbers of the leading forms were then reduced to percentages. Our modifications of Harvey's original design and method of fishing the apparatus were introduced to increase its strength and reliability, even at the cost of some loss of HARVEY'S METHOD 265 accuracy, so that numerous observations could be taken in spite of the bad weather normally prevalent in the southern ocean. We had also to consider the fact that the greater working height above water on the larger ship would tend to increase the surging strain on the gear during heavy rolling. We therefore decided to have the apparatus assembled for vertical upward hauling only, in conjunction with one of our well-tried single- type release gears. This enabled us to substitute a metal upper cone with rigid bridles for the upper canvas cone with throttling band of Harvey's original model (Harvey, I934rt, p. 762). The circular body carrying the meter we also had made of heavy brass tube, nickel-plated. The weight of the attachment ring and bucket was taken off the silk net by three wire bridles shackled to lugs on the upper cone, and to a 10 lb. lead below the bucket. Fig. i shows the apparatus rigged in this way. The additional error introduced by the meter spinning during the interval between the net breaking surface and the brake being again applied was' found not to exceed ±3 % by trials against stop-watch under the most adverse conditions. This is avoided by Harvey's method of the double release gear and allowing the balanced apparatus to fish both while being lowered and while being hauled up. It was felt, how- ever, that the risk of fouling would be so great in all but the calmest weather that this procedure would prove unsuitable for continuous work in the open sea. With the apparatus rigged in the fashion we finally adopted, we were repeatedly able to make routine observations in winds up to gale force, and rarely obtained markedly discrepant meter readings unless there was a bad stray on the wire, when we found, as Harvey had done before us, that an unexpectedly larger volume of water appeared to pass through the net. Our meters were made by Messrs R. W. Munro, Ltd., and calibrated by the National Physical Laboratory. Colour standards from Harvey's formula made up in sealed tubes by British Drug Houses were sent out each season, and checked against freshly prepared solutions in shore laboratories when occasion offered. No signs of fading or darkening were observed over the periods for which the standards were in use. It was sometimes found that small southern samples gave a slightly yellower tint than the original Harvey standards, but medium and larger catches always gave a good match. Phaeocystis brucei sometimes gave trouble by clogging the filter, until Mr Marr hit Fig. I. Semi-diagrammatic sketch of Harvey apparatus rigged ready for use. b. bucket, b.l. brake-line, b.lev. brake lever, bri. bridles, c. collar, c.b. clamping bands, d.s.l. deep sea lead, d.w. dial window, /.link, 7n.b. main body carrying the meter, r.g. release gear, ^.spring, ^.w. silk net,!/. f. upper cone. 266 DISCOVERY REPORTS on the expedient of filtering the catch through a no. 2 Whatman paper instead of the usual silk disk. Where it is very abundant this organism causes serious clogging of all fine-meshed nets, which may appear almost as if they had been treated with ' aeroplane dope' after being used in such water. Fortunately such conditions are rare, and are almost entirely confined to what I have termed the intermediate region of the Antarctic zone, for a short period after the rapid recession of the ice-edge about mid-season. The pigment extract from catches where this organism predominated gave a good match with the colour standards. At those few stations where it was really abundant, however, our results are obviously vitiated by the clogging of the net. I believe that under such conditions P. briicei, with its disintegrating gelatinous colonies, would defeat all methods of quantitative estimation, except perhaps some modification of that recently introduced by Riley (1938). Large Dinoflagellates, which spoil the colour match by the browner colour of their pigments, are fortunately very rare within the Antarctic zone (Hart, 1934, p. 181). It became very evident, however, that there were considerable differences in the quality of the pigments in some of the diatoms themselves though this did not interfere with the colour matches. Thalassiosira spp. were found to need much longer digestion with acetone before all their pigments were dissolved, just as Harvey had found with members of the same genus in the northern hemisphere (1934(7, p. 770). This might be due to the physical characters of the living frustules or of the protoplasts rather than any diflference of the pigments themselves, but Biddulphia striata, a neritic species, yielded a vast amount of rich green pigment in proportion to its bulk. The extracts sometimes appeared dark 'hookers green' or almost black on the rare occasions when this species predominated in the catches. This peculiarly rich pigment in B. striata was first noted by our assistant, Mr W. F. Fry, who carried out the estimations under the direction of Mr J. W. S. Marr during the fourth commission. I was subsequently able to confirm it on two occasions during the fifth commission ; off the Balleney Islands in summer and near South Georgia in the autumn. On suitable dilution, however, these rich extracts gave a very exact match with the tint of the standards. At many stations during the winter months colour matches could not be obtained, owing to extreme poverty of the phytoplankton and at times to the high proportion of animals in the minute catches. It is extremely unlikely that our picture of the main sequence of events is affected by this, for lack of light alone is almost certainly suflicient to preclude the possibility of any considerable production during this period, by organisms which might be missed by the net. In general, it may be said that the colour match obtained from mixed catches within the Antarctic zone was very good, and the direct visual comparison probably ample for determining the broader differences in quantity of the standing crop which we desired to study (cf. Harvey, 1934(7, pp. 771-3). Our centrifuge counts were made during the third commission by a modification of the methods employed by Gran (1929, p. 6) and Marshall (1933, p. 1 12). It took some time to evolve a method that could be used successfully aboard ship, where so much METHODS 267 depends upon the actual manipulation, and many of the earlier counts have had to be discarded. The method finally adopted, and which gave what seemed to be fairly consistent results, was as follows: A small electric centrifuge carrying four 12-5 c.c. tubes was employed and the samples centrifuged for 5 min. at 2000 r.p.m., the highest speed at which the machine could be run at sea without excessive straining. Longer periods of centrifuging did not lead to appreciable increase in the number of organisms deposited. The supernatant liquid was very carefully drawn off with a special pipette with a recurved tip, similar to the arrangement employed by Marshall (1933, p. 112). We found that this gave very much more consistent results than pouring, as recom- mended by Nielsen (1933). The liquid remaining in the tip of the tube (about 0-3 c.c.) was then cautiously agitated with a straight pipette to remove the crust of organisms adhering to the glass, and transferred to a cell on a large squared slide. Here it was trapped under a no. i cover-glass of the largest rectangular size, and the organisms counted under an ordinary microscope in the usual way, with the aid of a large me- chanical stage. Recentrifuging of the supernatant liquid usually gave about lo'^'o of the original count for most species, so to allow for this and loss in manipulation 12 c.c. were reckoned as 10 c.c. in working out the results (cf. Gran, 1929, p. 6). Series of counts from o, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 m. were obtained from 119 stations, apart from the earlier experimental efforts which had to be discarded. While the work was in progress Nielsen's (1933) severe criticism of the method appeared, from which it seemed that centrifuge results could not even be considered as roughly comparable at different stations. It had long been known, of course, that the method did not approach the ideal of an ' absolute ' estimation (Allen, 1919), and in view of the new unfavourable evidence it seemed useless to persevere with it. Unfortunately, the alternative sedi- mentation method advocated by Nielsen did not lend itself to our immediate purpose, for reasons discussed in the next section of this paper. It is felt, however, that these counts still provide a valuable clue to the probable type of depth distribution of the phytoplankton as a whole, and some evidence regarding organisms which may be missed by the nets. They have accordingly been considered briefly from these points of view, though it is now evident that the full data are not worth publishing. These centrifuge counts strongly supported the impression gained from the experi- mental work of Marshall and Orr (1928) that within the Antarctic zone production would be limited to the upper 50 m. or so by the minimum light requirements of the organisms. We had further evidence of this from experimental net hauls, which prompted us to use the 50-0 m. Harvey net haul as our best indication of the relative order of production throughout, though on rare occasions large quantities of diatoms are to be found at lower levels. The presentation of the results is based on arithmetical means of the observations at mean dates, in several regions or areas within the Antarctic zone. The areas have been chosen according to the degree of uniformity of the conditions, both physical and biological, observed within them, as described on pp. 278-80. It will be realized that 268 DISCOVERY REPORTS no hard and fast lines can~ be drawn in nature — some gradual merging of conditions is always evident — but in practice it is essential to draw boundaries somewhere in order to reduce the problems to manageable proportions. It will be realized also that the averages in themselves have no ' absolute ' value owing to the observational errors, and the varying numbers of observations available at different times and places. They repre- sent a convenient figure summarizing the existing data, and provided that due note is taken of the mmiber of observations upon which they are based, should not prove liable to misinterpretation. The full data from individual stations have been tabulated in the Appendix. Results obtained in diff"erent seasons have had to be considered together, in most of the areas, and this can obviously lead to serious discrepancies, but the whole region is so vast that it is impossible to make any headway with our main problem without doing so. I believe that our previous work, and our last big series of repeated observations in one area, go far towards enabling us to detect any serious distortion due to this cause. A few series of hydrological data, derived from the work of our hydrologists, Messrs Herdman, Clowes and Deacon, with their assistant, Mr Saunders, have been considered here. These were selected as fairly illustrative of the type of interrelations that have been suspected from our previous work, and which should be demonstrable on a larger scale when the full hydrological data are published. Incidentally, they provide strong independent proof of the adequacy of our methods for following the grosser changes in phytoplankton population. In describing hydrological features I have used the terms introduced mainly by Deacon (1933, 1937) and retained the conception of the 'age' of the surface water, previously found so useful in describing changes within the Antarctic zone (Hart, 1934, p. 10), and which has subsequently proved helpful in the consideration of observations in northern waters also (Nielsen, 1937, p. 151). Differences in phytoplankton population have been expressed so far as possible in the terms advocated by Gran and Braarud (1935, p. 332). I have eschewed the use of the words 'association' and 'succession' as applied in my earlier work on account of their specialized connotation in terrestrial plant ecology.. One must agree with these authors on this point, but I venture to suggest that with the rapid increase of speciali- zation in all branches of ecology, there is grave danger that any language will soon be bereft of suitable descriptive terms that one can use in a general sense, without tres- passing upon the jargon of this or that branch. The difficulty of describing new pheno- mena, or known phenomena taking place on a hitherto unrecognized scale, is thereby enormously increased. The phrases ' main phytoplankton increase ' or ' main increase ', to describe the period of maximum production, have been used in preference to the ' spring diatom growth ', 'diatom flowering' or 'spring increase' of workers in the northern hemisphere. This has been found more convenient because in the southern hemisphere, with its very much lower temperatures in corresponding latitudes, the increase takes place later in TERMINOLOGY: PREVIOUS WORK 269 the year, so that one would need to speak of an ' early summer ' or ' summer increase ' in describing the phenomenon in terms of the seasons. As it is obviously completely analogous to the spring increase of the northern hemisphere, I have endeavoured to avoid all possibility of confusion by the use of the expression 'main phytoplankton increase'. The secondary (and usually much lesser) autumnal increase is common to both hemispheres also, but has a corresponding time distribution in both, so that no alteration in terminology is needed. The reversal of the seasons in the southern hemi- sphere is represented by starting all time scales on i July, so that i January is to be regarded as midsummer or ' mid-season '. Owing to the peculiar conditions found within the Antarctic zone, the terms 'oceanic', 'neritic', 'holoplanktonic', etc. are difficult to apply with the precision originally intended by Haeckel (1890), and it has been found necessary to adopt a special grouping system for the ecological characterization of the important species. This is described in detail on pp. 281-5. It will be seen that while a binary system, similar to the classical one evolved by Gran (1902) for the northern hemisphere, could not be applied, his concepts have been followed as closely as possible. The system proposed by Hendey (1937, pp. 226-7) is not very helpful, for he did not attempt to take into consideration the differences in hydrological conditions within the Antarctic zone. With regard to individual species many of his descriptions prove sound, but there are important exceptions due to the limited amount of material he examined. This was doubtless ample for taxonomic purposes, but inadequate for ecological description. A few of my own earlier conclusions (Hart, 1934, pp. 153-74) ^^e subject to the same criticism now that more extensive observations have been obtained. Hendey's taxono- mic work, on the other hand, is of the highest value, and I have endeavoured to bring all our results into line with his revised classification of the Bacillariophyceae. PREVIOUS WORK Before the Discovery investigations were begun, our knowledge of the Antarctic phytoplankton was derived from accounts of the material brought back by various expeditions which had geographical exploration as their main object, or were engaged upon large-scale oceanographical programmes of which the more southerly cruises formed but a small part. These were: the voyage of H.M.S. 'Challenger', 1873-6 (Castracane, 1886), the 'Belgica' Expedition, 1897-9 (Van Heurck, 1909), the German Deep Sea Expedition, 1898-9 (Karsten, 1905-7), the German South Polar Expedition, 1901-3 (Heiden and Kolbe, 1928), the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902-4 (Mangin, 1922) and the second French Antarctic Expedition, 1908-10 (Mangin, 1915). All these accounts are mainly concerned with systematic descriptions of the organisms obtained, though Mangin made a noteworthy attempt to determine the relative im- portance of the various species, and Karsten's included several observations of general biological interest, including numerous abstracts from Schimper's field-notes. More recent and very much more extensive observations have only served to show that this body of work provides ample foundation for our knowledge of the systematics of the 270 DISCOVERY REPORTS species involved. Bearing in mind the scattered and isolated distribution of most of the earlier observations, this fact in itself provides striking evidence of the completely circumpolar distribution of the more important species. More recent work in the Antarctic zone has been directed mainly at the elucidation of the ecological problems presented by the phytoplankton. Hendey's valuable syste- matic revision of the Bacillariophyceae is most conveniently considered here, however, on account of its close relation to other observations based on Discovery material and its recent date. From observations carried out on the Whale Factory ' Vikingen ' in the summer season of 1929-30, Gran (1932, pp. 351, 352) concluded that the stabilization of the surface layers was the most important factor favouring the onset of the main phyto- plankton increase. It was extremely encouraging to find such close agreement with our own observations from so distinguished an investigator (cf. Hart, 1934, p. 191)- On this occasion Gran's observations were not sufficiently numerous to permit of much further discussion in relation to the seasonal cycle. In considering the observations obtained during the Antarctic part of the Meteor's programme, Hentschel has divided them into west Antarctic and east Antarctic sections. The first of these coincides roughly with the area to which Norwegian whaling in- vestigators give the same name, and which has also been called the Falkland sector. The second refers to the region east of the Scotia arc to the longitude of Cape Town, and south of 50° S lat. Summing up the conditions he observed in the west Antarctic, Hentschel (1936, p. 229) points out that the absolute means for both microplankton and Metazoa were the highest of all the regions investigated during the whole voyage. He also comments on the richness of the region in Antarctic mammals and birds, including large numbers of species dependent on land. Diatoms and Protozoa were the dominant groups of microplankton, Coccosphaeriales falling entirely into the back- ground. An inverse relationship between diatoms and Protozoa, in respect of their local abundance and regional distribution, was observed. This is not readily apparent from our more numerous observations obtained at all seasons of the year. It is, however, perhaps significantly related to our observation of a very distinct inverse relationship in relative {fiot absolute) abundance between these two groups at different seasons, Protozoa being more important in the scanty winter microplankton. In all other respects Hentschel's generalizations tally perfectly with our observations. In the 'east Antarctic', where the Meteor's observations were comparatively few, Hentschel (1936, p. 301) points out its strong resemblance to his west Antarctic region, though total plankton and diatoms were poorer, and the vertebrate fauna shows few species dependent on land. Again the agreement with our findings is complete. The principal importance of the Meteor results in relation to the present work lies in the evidence they provide concerning nanno-forms which may be missed by our methods. Before embarking on a further consideration of this aspect, it is important to realize that Hentschel has included some stations as Antarctic which we, with more recent hydrological evidence, would regard as sub-Antarctic. He apparently took the THE 'METEOR' RESULTS 271 6-0° C. isotherm as the northern Hmit of his Antarctic zone, whereas we now know that the highest surface temperatures reached by truly Antarctic surface waters (in the hydrological sense) are of the order of 3-5° C. It is also important to remember that several of the small number of Antarctic observations obtained by the Meteor were closer in to the land than the majority of our own, and that the time was just after mid-season. This is just after the diatom maximum in the northern part of the Antarctic zone, at a time when such dinoflagellates as are to be found there will be at their maximum for the year. It may here be mentioned that all available evidence goes to show that the dinoflagellates are essentially a warm-water group of organisms, and that their maximum occurrence in higher latitudes, where the seasonal changes in temperature are considerable, almost invariably coincides with the period of maximum temperature for the region in question. Considering the Meteor results in respect of those groups for which our sampling methods were known to be inadequate — ^the Coccosphaeriales and the small dino- flagellates— we must now turn to the detailed figures published in Hentschel's earlier work (1932, pp. 114-23). Taking only those stations which fall within the Antarctic zone as defined in the light of more recent hydrological work, it becomes necessary to omit five stations now considered as sub-Antarctic. From the remaining twenty-seven observations at o or 50 m. Coccosphaeriales were recorded at nine only, five in the west Antarctic and four in the ' east Antarctic ' regions. At only two of these stations, one at South Georgia and one near the northern limits of the Antarctic zone in the open South Atlantic, was the group of any real importance numerically. It is interesting to note that the species Pontosphaera hiixleyi, long known to be the most important member of the group in northern waters, was alone responsible for these figures. No Coccosphaeriales were recorded at any of the more southerly stations in open water. When the excessively small size of these organisms is taken into account, we may therefore safely say that the Meteor results support our contention that our picture of the main phytoplankton cycle in the Antarctic zone is unlikely to be affected by the inadequacy of our methods for dealing with the members of this group. All writers on Antarctic phytoplankton have testified to the scarcity of Dinoflagellata in those seas, but the Meteor was the first expedition to use methods capturing the smallest ones in our area. Considered numerically therefore it is not surprising to find the proportion of Dinoflagellata much higher than one was previously inclined to suppose, particularly in view of the time of year at which the observations were obtained. They averaged 15% of the total phytoplankton. Further examination of the Meteor results reveals, however, that more than half (567%) of these were Gymnodinians without chromatophores, and therefore presumably heterotrophic. Moreover, those stations at which the numerical proportion of dinoflagellates to diatoms was high were again very close in to the land. Another point to be borne in mind is that so far as is known the division rate of dinoflagellates is considerably lower than that of diatoms. We may say, therefore, that while minute dinoflagellates missed by our nets may be of slight importance as producers during the post-maximal period for diatoms, it is 272 DISCOVERY REPORTS. unlikely that they are ever sufficiently important to invalidate the broad picture pre- sented by our study based mainly upon those larger autotrophic organisms. Before leaving the work of the 'Meteor', mention should be made of the work of Peters (1934) on the Ceratia. The agreement between his observations upon Ceratium fusiis (p. 37, fig. 12) and C. penlagomim (pp. 27, 32, fig. 10) and my own (Hart, 1934, pp. 23, 173 etc.; 1937, p. 441) is very close, and I think it may be considered as well established that the latter is the only member of the genus whose normal distribution extends so far south as the Antarctic zone. The pioneer work on the study of the phytoplankton undertaken as part of the Discovery investigations was carried out by Professor A. C. Hardy. The results, mostly relating to the complicated region of the South Georgia whaling grounds during the season 1926-7, have been described by him in Part H of the very detailed work on the plankton observed in that region pubhshed in collaboration with Mr E. R. Gunther (1935). As the observations were mainly confined to one protracted survey, they yielded little direct evidence with regard to the seasonal cycle of the phytoplankton, but the first attack on many important related problems was made on the basis of these results. Hardy's most important findings in relation to the present work are as follows: On p. 40 he gives strong evidence of the overwhelming predominance of diatoms and the negligible quantity of the larger dinoflagellates in the Antarctic zone. Halosphaera viridis (Protococcoideae) was the only autotrophic organism, apart from diatoms, observed in large numbers, and this had an extremely limited distribution (p. 64). A detailed picture of phytoplankton conditions in the South Georgia area at mid-season, when the diatom maximum was probably just beginning to wane, is given; which agrees well with subsequent observations (Hart, 1934, pp. 66, 67). Hardy has also shown very clearly that while the phosphate content of the surface water was never reduced to such an extent that it could be considered as a limiting factor for phytoplankton, there was good general agreement between production and phosphate reduction (pp. 76-87, 285). Further, he found some slight evidence of a small secondary autumnal diatom maximum. In Part V of the same work Hardy enters into a prolonged and valuable discussion of the relations between zooplankton and phytoplankton, mainly concerned with the development of the hypothesis of animal exclusion. The most important point in relation to the present work lies in Hardy's acknowledgement that the exclusion hypothesis may not hold good for all species of zooplankton, and that the converse of ' exclusion ', limitation of the phytoplankton by the grazing of herbivores, is also probably important far south (pp. 310-11). The most important of Antarctic 'key-industry' animals, Eiiphaitsia superba, is mentioned as probably being an important grazer. The probable importance of the 'grazing down' factor in limiting populations of marine phyto- plankton was first clearly recognized in Harvey's (19346) work in the English Channel. Hardy records Harvey's agreement that the two effects are not necessarily incom- patible, each may operate at different times and places. My own earlier work (Hart, 1934) was mainly confined to a discussion of the phyto- plankton conditions round South Georgia, in the Scotia and Bellingshausen Seas, and PREVIOUS WORK: DISCOVERY INVESTIGATIONS 273 adjacent coastal areas — the most complicated region in the Antarctic zone. It was shown that here the main diatom increase began in late spring or early summer, the time of incidence falling later in the year as one proceeded pole-wards (p. 183). Stress was laid on the important fact that throughout the whole of the region studied polar influences extend very much farther towards the equator than in the northern hemi- sphere. An attempt was made to group the species according to their seasonal abund- ance and to distinguish the phytoplankton communities^ (' floras ') in Antarctic surface waters of differing past history. These findings still hold good for the most part but stand in need of some modification in the light of our more numerous and widespread observations obtained subsequently. Areas with exceptionally rich phytoplankton were observed off South Georgia, other more or less coastal waters round the southern half of the Scotia Arc and in the channels of the Palmer Archipelago ; also, to a lesser extent, in Bransfield Strait. It was shown that the phosphate content of the surface waters was never reduced to such as extent that one could regard it as a factor limiting phytoplankton production (Hart, 1934, p. 184). The hypothesis that silica might prove to be limiting to some extent was put forward on the suggestion of Professor W. H. Pearsall, though at that time no direct observations on silica content were available (p. 185). The major mi- portance of various interrelated physical factors in determining the extent of phyto- plankton production was emphasized. Chief among these were the influence of light, the degree of stability of the surface layers, and the effects of pack-ice (pp. 186-93). Observations in Cumberland Bay, South Georgia (Hart, 1934, Appendix I) showed the phytoplankton to be very scanty, in striking contrast to the rich catches obtained 20-100 miles offshore round that island. The adverse factors responsible for this appeared to be extreme turbulence of the surface layers due to the strong and variable winds, combined with the vast amount of very finely divided inorganic detritus brought down by land drainage (mostly morainic mud). This last must have greatly hindered the penetration of light. The same unfavourable factors have since been found to be responsible for a similar unexpected scarcity of phytoplankton in some regions of the northern hemisphere (Bay of Fundy, Gran and Braarud, 1935, p. 322; coastal waters round Iceland, Nielsen, 1935, pp. 42-8). The great value of Hendey's work (1937) lies in his thorough revision of the syste- matics of the plankton diatoms. He has cleared up many vexed questions concerning nomenclature and priority with a thoroughness only possible to one with long ac- quaintance with the extraordinarily voluminous and contradictory literature on the subject. The most helpful features to the plankton worker are his decisions to 'lump' 1 In some sense the idea of this grouping approximates more closely to that of Gran and Braarud's 'phytoplankton societies' (1935, p. 332). Since the groups varied mainly in the proportions of the same species present, not in specific constitution, and the water masses concerned gradually lose their individuality as they move to the east and north, it seems safer to use the wider term. It is just such differences as these due to the much greater rate of change in the aqueous as distinct from the terrestrial environment, that makes it so hard for the plankton worker to describe his observations in terms with rigidly conventionalized meanings. 274 DISCOVERY REPORTS certain 'species' together (e.g. all previously described species of Corethron as 'phases' of C. criophilum Castracane, which is called the 'type phase'). This use of the more general term ' phase ' to describe subspecific rankings, previously labelled ' varieties ' and 'forms' in rather indiscriminate fashion, wherever a clear sequence of intermediate stages can be shown to exist, seems logical and is very useful in practice. As the first clear acknowledgement by a recognized taxonomic expert of the extreme variability of plankton diatoms, it is particularly encouraging to the unfortunate plankton worker who is continually grappling with problems presented by this exasperating property. In his notes on the divisions of the flora, Hendey is upon less certain ground, owing mainly to the limited amount of material he examined (1937, pp. 163-99). Two hundred and twenty odd stations distributed over all the regions visited by the Discovery in- vestigations from 1927 to 1935 may well have been ample for systematic revision, but quite obviously preclude the possibility of considering the seasonal variation in any one area, and it is well known that the quality of the phytoplankton varies very considerably with the seasons, except in some tropical seas. The broad division of the flora into cold- and warm-water species, with a dividing line mainly coincident with the subtropical convergence but otherwise based on un- specified thermal considerations, is too wide to be of any assistance in considering conditions within the Antarctic zone, and ignores the cosmopolitan distribution of some important species. It is chiefly for these reasons that Hendey's table (1937, pp. 226-7) of ' species typical of the cold-water flora ' shows some marked differences from my own findings, though the disagreement is far less marked when one considers his distri- butional notes on individual species. It is very interesting to note that Hendey has experienced the same difiiculty in the precise application of the HaeckeUian terms 'oceanic', ' meroplanktonic ', etc. (p. 220) that I have already had occasion to mention. This again may cause apparent rather than real differences between our findings. The difficulty arises because we have only cir- cumstantial evidence as to whether the majority of plankton diatoms are meroplanktonic or holoplanktonic, using the words in the strict sense. In the northern hemisphere work on the phytoplankton has been going on so much longer and more intensively that we may safely regard the accumulation of this evidence as sufficient to be conclusive for most species. In the far south it is still necessary to proceed with caution. Conditions are further complicated by pack-ice maintaining a small proportion of meroplanktonic forms in the open ocean at the greatest possible distances from land, which may flourish for a time among the truly oceanic species after the ice has dispersed. Yet again many forms that appear to be truly oceanic still reach their maximum abundance in neritic areas. Hence Hendey's tabulation of some species as both holo- and mero- planktonic, oceanic and neritic, is not so paradoxical as it appears at first sight. My object in pointing out the following important differences between my findings and those expressed in Hendey's table (pp. 226-7) of ' species typical of the cold-water flora' is to avoid possible misunderstanding in the future. It must be realized that I have the advantage of much more numerous observations, many on material obtained PREVIOUS WORK: DISCOVERY INVESTIGATIONS 275 subsequently to that available to Hendey, and that limitations of material in my own earlier work have led me into some similar errors. Nitzschia seriata should not, I believe, be regarded as neritic only ; many observations of this widespread species from all parts of the ocean in considerable abundance were already available. Corethron criophilum should surely be included among the species typical of Brans- field Strait, where I had already shown it to be a dominant (over 90% of the (net) plankton throughout the year; Hart, 1934, p. 159). The omission of Thalassiothrix antarctica from the table of typical forms is un- fortunate, for it is often one of the most important of the larger species in the northern part of the Antarctic zone, and, more rarely, farther south (Hart, 1934, p. 40; Hardy in Hardy and Gunther, 1935, p. 66). The two most important southern species of Thalassiosira — Th. antarctica and Th. subtilis — are tabulated by Hendey as oceanic, holoplanktonic. We should now regard them as definitely neritic (and ice-edge), as seems true for most members of the genus throughout the world. The probability that they are meroplanktonic is strong. My own earlier remarks on Th. antarctica ('widely distributed...'. Hart, 1934, p. 157) were intended to apply to a.more restricted area, but may have led Hendey astray here. A similar remark of mine concerning Biddulphia striata (p. 165) may also have been mis- leading. Hendey tabulates it as holoplanktonic, oceanic and neritic. We should now regard it as meroplanktonic and very definitely neritic, being rare even along the ice- edge in the open ocean which some neritic species seem to find an adequate substitute for a coast. Such mistakes as these are due entirely to the localization of most of our earlier work in the complicated Falkland sector. Until even longer oceanographical cruises were undertaken, it was impossible for us to realize how the vast scale of biophysical relationships in the southern ocean leads to neritic influences being felt at much greater distances from land than in the better known waters of the northern hemisphere. Chaetoceros atlanticum is omitted from Hendey's table and is said in his notes to be unimportant far south. It is quite true that it is rare in the extreme south, but in the more northerly parts of the Antarctic zone it is one of the most numerous medium-sized chaetocerids, and, since his 'cold-water flora' apparently includes most of the sub- Antarctic zone as well, it should certainly be included in any table of typical forms. There are minor points concerning less important species of Chaetoceros on which we differ. Thus Hendey tabulated Ch. castracanei, Ch. chiinii and Ch. schimperianum as neritic while we now tend to regard them as oceanic. The evidence is not yet conclusive, particularly with regard to the last named. Finally, Hendey has tabulated all the Actinocyclus spp. he examined as neritic, no doubt correctly, but has not considered the smaller members of the genus we have found in our more recent work to be very constant constituents of the oceanic plankton. Though never occurring in great numbers, these are important and certainly ' typical ' in winter. 276 DISCOVERY REPORTS In a note on the effect of environment on form, Hendey (pp. 224-5) records his general impression that conditions in warm seas favour the development of a flora of relatively thin-walled diatoms of small surface : volume ratio, while diatoms in colder waters have stronger frustules and a larger proportion of surface to volume. Such scanty concrete observations as are available (Wimpenny, 1936; Hart, 1937, p. 444) certainly favour the view that this difference in form must be ultimately correlated with environmental influences. The idea raises several problems of the first importance in connexion with the physiology of plankton diatoms. DISCUSSION OF THE METHODS EMPLOYED IN RELATION TO RECENT ADVANCES IN PHYTOPLANKTON TECHNIQUE In recent years the main pioneer methods of studying the phytoplankton, examination of routine vertical hauls with fine silk nets and of centrifuged water samples, have been severely criticized by Nielsen (1933, 1938). Their probable shortcomings had long been realized by their principal protagonists, and had indeed been clearly demonstrated by the classic dilution experiment of E. J. Allen (1919). Nielsen apparently considers them so unreliable that even observations on the broad distributional changes, involving quantitative variations of many hundreds per cent, to which they have previously been regarded as an adequate guide, may prove misleading. The present work has been accomplished by these older methods, or modifications of them, for Nielsen's improve- ments have little application in long-range work of this type, and we have some evidence that conditions in the Antarctic zone are such that the errors are at a minimum. In view of Nielsen's recent work, however, it is felt that the limitations of our methods should be fully considered. The whole problem of methods in marine phytoplankton investigations is an ex- ceedingly difficult one. Both Gran (1932, p. 346) and W. E. Allen (1934) point out that it is very necessary that methods be adapted to the scope and aims of the particular investigation. Allen says that while it is important to strive for as high a degree of uniformity of method as possible, a certain degree of elasticity will nearly always prove to be essential. This statement aptly defines in abstract terms the difficulties confronting us in planning our programme. Antarctic surface waters occupy over twelve million square miles. This is over 6% of the total surface of the earth, and some 8|% of the total sea surface. For this reason alone it was essential to obtain the very largest number of observations possible in order to make out even the grosser differences in the dis- tribution, in time and space, of the phytoplankton. Our cruises involve absence from shore laboratories for long periods, and for this reason also it seemed necessary to use methods that could be completed at sea. Hence the attempt to achieve the most useful working compromise between the strongly conflicting desiderata of magnitude and exactitude, resolved itself into the observation of the phytoplankton by the methods already described. The modified Harvey method has been our main standby for the study of the wider SCOPE OF THE METHODS EMPLOYED 277 variations in quantity. Its disadvantages are obviously those inseparable from the use of any form of tow-net — loss of nannoplankton forms and small solitary diatoms through the mesh, and a certain degree of clogging where the phytoplankton is very dense. Thus the values obtained will always be minimal. There is considerable evidence that nannoplankton forms and dinoflagellates are never present in such numbers as to be important producers (as compared with the diatoms) in the Antarctic zone. The Meteor results and my own centrifuge counts may be useless for comparative purposes as Nielsen maintains, but would certainly have shown up the presence of a large pro- portion of nannoplankton forms if it was in any sense a general occurrence. Moreover, the colonial habit is strongly developed in most of the small Antarctic diatoms, though this is not always readily apparent in preserved samples. Even the difficulty due to clogging rarely arises, for the design and dimensions of the Harvey net are such that the proportion of filtering surface to effective aperture is more than three times as great as in an ordinary tow-net (cf. Hardy, 1939, p. 47). During the three commissions some 800 observations within the Antarctic zone have been obtained by this method. When these are grouped regionally and in time sequence as in this paper, the general picture they present agrees so well with the changes in the physical and chemical factors of the environment, studied by entirely independent methods, that it seems certain that they must be roughly comparable to the true value of the standing crop. I should be the first to admit that in warmer seas where nannoplankton forms may predominate, and dinoflagellates are important, the method would be inadequate. The advantages of Harvey's method for our particular purpose are more readily appreciated if one considers the weak points of other methods available. If one had obtained sedimentation counts from some eight hundred stations (none too many considering the size of the area concerned) the time spent in the actual collecting at sea, which extended, in conjunction with our other work, over more than five years, would have been considerably increased. All the counting would have had to be done in a shore laboratory and, owing to the uneven distribution of phytoplankton with depth, at least six counts from each station would have been needed to give a true picture. Each count takes from two to three hours according to Nielsen (1933), so that the working up of such a volume of material would occupy the whole time of an experienced worker for at least a further five years. From this practical consideration alone it is evident that such refined methods can only be employed to advantage after the general conditions have been made known in broad outline, so that the detaded work can be limited to manageable series of observations where conditions are probably typical of larger areas. A minor drawback of the sedimentation method (Nielsen, 1933, 1935. P- 5)' that certain small naked forms must always be lost or become un- recognizable when working with preserved material, need not concern us; but the difficulties he experienced when Chaetoceros spp. were numerous would prove a serious handicap in polar waters. While census-taking will always remain an essential part of the study of the phyto- plankton, it is subject to some general objections inseparable from all purely numerical 278 DISCOVERY REPORTS estimations, especially if it is desired to correlate phytoplankton data with that obtained from other lines of research. The numbers of different forms convey very little unless the reader has some knowledge of their shapes and sizes. Counts might well prove misleading to a chemist or zoologist who would perhaps be able to show significant correlation between his observations and those on the phytoplankton, if the quantity of the latter were expressed in a different way. This point is the more important when we bear in mind the tremendously wide range of variation in size and shape which can take place within the limits of many single phytoplankton species. An ideal method should provide comparable figures bearing a direct relation to the total amount of organic matter present as phytoplankton. The concept of the biomass, introduced into marine plankton investigations by Russian workers, almost, but not quite, epitomizes this ideal. Zenkevitch (193 1) defines the biomass as 'the quantity of substance in living organisms per unit of surface or volume '. Thus if it were possible to determine this property of the phytoplankton organisms in a unit volume of water, the quantity of inorganic matter in the organisms would be included. This would indeed be necessary and desirable in considering the relation of the phytoplankton to the physical and chemical characteristics of the medium. When we come to consider the possible value of the phytoplankton as food for animals, however, the inclusion of large quantities of an inert substance like silica might well prove misleading. The biomass constitutes the ideal basis for the study of the relation between organism and the physico-chemical factors of the environment, but is not so well suited to the study of biological interrelationships. Moreover, it seems only too obvious that no good routine method of determining this property of the phytoplankton could ever be devised. Harvey's method, on the other hand, gives figures that may reasonably be supposed to bear some relation to the total organic content of the phytoplankton captured. It is at least probable that there is a relation between total organic matter and the total amount of assimilatory pigments responsible for the production of that matter, and the arbitrary colour units are a measure of total quantity of pigments. Foremost among the advantages of the method, therefore, we may place this approach to the ideal of comparable figures related to the total quantity of organic matter present as phytoplankton. These can easily be appreciated by workers in other fields without detailed knowledge of the constituent species, and are therefore less liable to mis- interpretation than figures derived from census-taking methods. The great advance on Krep's method of utilizing the pigment extract from a net haul as a measure of phyto- plankton intensity lies in the knowledge of the approximate volume of water from which the catch is filtered. I would insist that in the detailed study of the phytoplankton itself census-taking is still very necessary, and likely to remain so; but that Harvey's method has given us a powerful new line of approach, the more valuable when other methods can be used to check and supplement the data. The next advance may be expected from simultaneous use of Nielsen's sedimentation methods, and modifications of Harvey's method such as Riley (1938) and Krey (1939) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS AND AREAS 279 have recently employed. For such work to be of value in considering the conditions in large sea areas, it must be preceded by a large-scale survey by cruder methods such as those employed by us. Without this it will be quite impossible to say whether any series of more detailed observations, such as could be carried out within a reasonable period of time, will be typical of conditions over a wider area or not. In the north Atlantic and adjacent waters previous work may already provide a sufficient background ; in other regions where the economic significance of the phytoplankton begins to be realized, such as the Antarctic zone and the north Pacific, it does not. Moreover, the precision methods now being elaborated do not lend themselves to the study of fluctuations over wide areas, and it is just such differences as these that one desires to study in attempting to link up plankton ecology with human economy. Gran has said that a single ' absolute ' determination of phytoplankton would be about as valuable as a single temperature determination carried to the third decimal place. The new methods have got beyond the stage of being open to this kind of criticism, but still demand an expenditure of time that precludes their use in our attempts to solve some of the most important phytoplankton problems. The sea is wide and man has but a little time to live. DIVISION OF THE ANTARCTIC ZONE INTO BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS AND AREAS The Antarctic zone may be defined as the sea area covered by Antarctic surface waters, as shown by the work of our hydrologists. Its northern limit may be taken from Deacon's (1937) presentation of the probable average position of the Antarctic convergence — where the Antarctic surface waters sink below the more saline but warmer sub-Antarctic waters to the north. The mean latitude of the Antarctic con- vergence is 53"^ S. Thus polar conditions of climate and hydrological environment extend very much farther towards the equator than they do in most parts of the northern hemisphere, and their distribution bears little relation to such purely mathematical entities as the Antarctic circle. In general, the Antarctic surface waters extend some thousand miles to the north of the coast Hne of the Antarctic continent. The area covered by Antarctic surface waters is very large — at least 12 million square miles. In considering the conditions of existence of phytoplankton organisms in an area of this size, it is obviously essential to adopt some scheme of subdivision, in order to keep both the descriptions of observations, and discussion of their significance, within reasonable proportions. Ideally, such a scheme should be based on the principal changes in the conditions of existence, in practice a degree of arbitrariness will obviously be unavoidable. In nature conditions will always merge more or less gradually, but in practice boundaries must be drawn somewhere. This difficulty is very apparent in the Antarctic zone where the gradient in water temperature, for example, is very slight. In the areas south of the three great oceans the latitude of the Antarctic convergence approaches its mean fairly closely. Here a satisfactory division may be made by con- sidering the interaction of two important factors known to exert a profound influence 3-2 28o DISCOVERY REPORTS Upon phytoplankton production: light, and the distribution of pack-ice. The duration and intensity of the Hght will vary more or less directly with the distance one proceeds to the south, so long as the latitude of the convergence remains fairly constant, since it is of extra-terrestrial origin. The distribution of the pack-ice, on the other hand, can be extremely erratic as climatic conditions fluctuate. Our knowledge of it is now suffi- cient, however, to make the following subdivision, based on the gradient of these two factors, reasonably satisfactory in the open oceans.^ We divide these parts of the Antarctic zone into Northern, Intermediate and Southern Regions. The Northern Region extends 330 sea miles south of the Antarctic convergence, all the way round the world, with the exclusion of the special areas to be described later. It is never covered by continuous pack-ice and only invaded by loose pack- and drift-ice in spring on rare occasions. The Intermediate Region extends from the southern boundary of the Northern Region to the Antarctic circle — an unavoidably arbitrary boundary. It is largely covered by pack-ice in winter and spring, and mainly free during summer and early autumn. Here again it is necessary to exclude the 'special areas'. The Southern Region lies between the Antarctic circle and the Antarctic continent, excluding the immediate coastal areas. It is largely covered by pack-ice throughout the year and free only in summer. New ice frequently forms in March. To the south-west of South America and south of New Zealand the Antarctic con- vergence lies far to the south of its mean latitude, and the gradient in the conditions of existence is consequently ' telescoped ' so that three clearly defined regions can no longer be distinguished. Hence the need for separate treatment of these ' special areas ', iiorth of the Ross Sea and the eastern south Pacific. These are oceanic, but cannot be divided into Northern and Intermediate Regions on the same basis as those previously described. To the south of them, however, it appears that no serious anomaly is introduced by re- garding the Ross Sea and Bellingshausen Sea as comparable with the Southern Region. To the south and south-east of South America conditions are extremely com- plicated. These are the only localities where considerable land masses and a sharp rise in the sea floor — the Graham Land Peninsula, the Scotia arc with island groups — intrude upon the northern part of the Antarctic zone. The complications clearly exert a profound influence upon the phytoplankton development. For present purposes they may be somewhat loosely summarized as neritic influences, and in the light of our observations it is possible to distinguish further ' special areas ' based partly on latitude but mainly on ' degree of neritic influences'. Chief among them are the South Georgia area and the Scotia Sea. To make the scheme of subdivision complete, one would need to consider as special areas the Bransfield Strait, the central portion of the Weddell Sea, and other areas around isolated islands with local neritic conditions. Little of the work considered here falls in these regions however, so that they may be treated under the general heading of 'other special areas'. It may be noted that conditions around 1 See Mackintosh and Herdman, Distribution of the Pack-ice in the Southern Ocean, Discovery Repts., xix, pp. 285-96, plates LXix-xcv, published since the above was written. BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS AND AREAS 281 Kerguelen Island and over the ridge connecting it with Heard Island may be expected to resemble those observed in the South Georgia area on a smaller scale, but we have no observations there. The subdivisions described are shown in Fig. 2, and may be tabulated as follows : Main Regions (oceanic) The Northern Region: between the Antarctic convergence and a line 330 miles south of it, all round the world, excepting the special areas between 30 and iio°W, and between 150° W and 170° E. The Intermediate Region : between the southern limit of the above and the Antarctic circle all the way round the world with the exception of the same complicated areas. The Southern Region: all seas south of the Antarctic circle, excluding immediate coastal areas. Special areas The South Georgia area: between 52 and 55° S; 33 and 41° W. Neritic influence very strong. The Scotia Sea: between the Antarctic convergence and 62° S : 30 and 70° W, excluding the South Georgia area. Neritic influence considerable but less marked. Other Special areas: where our observations are too few for detailed consideration, namely: (i) The eastern south Pacific between the Antarctic convergence and the Antarctic circle: 70- 110° W. This is essentially oceanic and is best known. (2) The area north of the Ross Sea between the Antarctic convergence and the Antarctic circle: 150° W-170'' E, oceanic. (3) Central Weddell Sea between the southern limits of the Scotia Sea and the Antarctic circle, oceanic. (4) Bransfield Strait and coastal waters of the Palmer Archipelago, neritic. (5) Other essentially neritic areas, e.g. coastal waters of the Balleney Islands, which could be ranged according to latitude if necessary. It will be seen that the main idea of this scheme of subdivision is essentially similar to that which I had already suggested to Clowes (1938, p. 8), but with three times as much data it has been possible to improve the original zonation. The definition of the southern region (or zone) in terms of distance from the ice-edge has been abandoned for the arbitrary one, placing its northern limit at the Antarctic circle. This is an im- provement in one way because of the difficulty of establishing an ' average summer position' of the ice-edge in the less known sectors, but it is certainly true that the actual extent of the pack-ice is a most important environmental factor in this region. It has also been possible to define the special areas whose existence had indeed been recognized though it was not possible at that time to express that recognition in con- crete terms. In all other respects it will be seen that the scheme remains essentially the same as that which Clowes found helpful in considering the distribution of phos- phate and silicate in the water. This in itself provides evidence that it has real signifi- cance despite the unavoidably arbitrary nature of some of the boundaries. ECOLOGICAL GROUPING OF THE IMPORTANT PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES In considering the phytoplankton population in such a vast region as the Antarctic zone, it is obviously desirable to adopt some scheme of ecological characterization of the important species. By such means only can the bulk of observational data be clarified 282 DISCOVERY REPORTS and reduced to manageable proportions. Ideally, such a classification should result in an accurate reflexion of the space/time distribution of various groups of species in response to environmental changes. In practice, it has been recognized from the first that a degree of arbitrary distinction is unavoidable — the degree to which some im- portant species can adapt themselves to environmental change is so enormously varied. r I ■.I.I ,,,■ ,7 . ; GO ao 120 Fig. 2. Division of the Antarctic zone into biogeographical regions and areas. ECOLOGICAL GROUPING OF SPECIES 283 The classic foundation for such a subdivision of the phytoplankton into mainly ecological, part arbitrary, ' plankton elements ' is the binary system introduced by Gran (1902) for the description of conditions observed in the north Atlantic. Using the terms introduced by Haeckel (1890), he divides the phytoplankton species into three main groups: Oceanic species — entirely holoplanktonic. Neritic species — mainly meroplanktonic. Tychopelagic species — essentially bottom forms of littoral waters. Each of these groups he again divides into arctic, boreal and temperate elements, according to their temperature requirements. It is here that some arbitrary distinctions have to be drawn, owing to the overlapping caused by the variation of temperature with the seasons and the existence of cosmopolitan and other more or less eurythermal species. In an attempt to arrive at a satisfactory 'division of the flora', Hendey (1937) has attempted to apply essentially similar concepts. His system, however, which is intended to include all southern seas, is not of much help in considering conditions within the Antarctic zone, where the temperature gradient is very slight and the annual range does not normally exceed 5° C. As already noted (p. 269), Hendey experienced difficulty in applying the terms 'oceanic', 'neritic', 'holoplanktonic', etc. in the strict connotation originally intended by Haeckel, which we also have found. It is especially pronounced within the Antarctic zone. The reason is not far to seek. Our evidence as to whether the vast majority of marine plankton diatoms are holoplanktonic or meroplanktonic is entirely circum- stantial, and based mainly upon the general distributional data available. The occurrence of resting spores which tend to sink may be regarded as strong evidence that a species should be regarded as neritic, meroplanktonic. The resting spores of comparatively few species are known, however, and it is by no means certain that all must inevitably sink to the bottom. It is conceivable that some might be of such a density that they could be returned to the surface layers in the normal course of the water movements of the regions they inhabit without sinking to the bottom. In the northern hemisphere, where much intensive plankton work has been carried out for some seventy years, it is probable that the circumstantial evidence as to whether a given diatom species is holo- or mero-planktonic is usually sufficient to be conclusive. In the Antarctic zone it is not so, and there are two peculiar features of phytoplankton communities in the far south which add to the difficulty of arriving at a clear-cut decision in the matter. First, many undoubtedly holoplanktonic species, to be found at all seasons at the greatest possible distance from land, reach their greatest abundance in regions subject to neritic influence. Secondly, some of the almost certainly mero- planktonic species are able to use pack-ice when they require a solid substratum, and so are able to flourish for a short period in the open ocean at the greatest possible distances from land, for a short period after the pack-ice reaches its northern limit and disperses. The situation is still further complicated by the presence of living diatoms in the pack- ice, which from their general space/time distribution would be classified as holo- planktonic, oceanic species without hesitation, for they are to be found in the open 284 DISCOVERY REPORTS ocean at all seasons. With these considerations in view, it is clear that the Haeckellian terms cannot be applied rigidly. The term 'oceanic' has accordingly been used to describe all species whose time distribution at great distances from land makes it improbable that they are necessarily dependent on the ice in this way. Most are truly holoplanktonic though some have been seen alive in pack-ice. Instead of 'neritic' one is constrained to use the expression ' neritic/ice-edge ', to include with the forms that are not found far from land those almost certainly mero- planktonic ones that seem able to use the ice-edge as a coast, and to flourish in the open ocean for a short time after the dispersal of the pack. There are still a few important species which future work may show to have been wrongly grouped here. Where any doubt still exists full notes are given in the exposition of the scheme which follows. It will be noted that as a general rule it is advisable to use the terms holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic only with some such prefix as 'probably'. In the attempt to evolve a useful ecological scheme of subdivision, the concept of 'types of planktonic vegetation' as used by Gran and Braarud (1935, p. 332), but applied in a rather more restricted way, has proved helpful. These authors define ' types of planktonic vegetation ' as ' phytoplankton populations which have their main occurrence quantitatively during the same season and whose dominant species all belong to one group — diatoms, dinoflagellates . . ..' Since the Antarctic phytoplankton is almost entirely diatomaceous, it is necessary to consider smaller taxonomic units than those implied in Gran and Braarud's definition. Some genera and families lend themselves to this, but some important species when classified on their time distri- bution will only fall into taxonomically heterogeneous groups. Size distinctions are helpful here, and have an obvious bearing on the food value of the phytoplankton for diflterent zooplankton herbivores. In all it will be seen that a much higher degree of arbitrary distinction than is necessary in northern waters has been found unavoidable. Since our system is only intended to facilitate discussion of the qualitative data described here, the point is of small moment, provided that its basis is clearly understood by the reader. It is hoped, however, that the system will provide useful groundwork if future work renders a more ' natural ' regrouping possible. Group I Fragilariopsis antarctica Small oceanic pennate diatoms with Distephanus. Numerically the most Nitzschia seriata {} +N. important group at all seasons, except autumn. Most abundant at delicatissima) peak of main increase in areas subject to neritic influence. Greatest Distephanus speculum relative importance before and just after the maximum. Group II Chaetoceros boreale 'Large diatom species' — the solenoids, large Chaetocerids, and two Ch. criophihim exceptionally elongated pennate forms. A very heterogeneous, essen- Rhizosolenia spp. tially oceanic, group with strong tendency to occur in local concen- Dactyliosolen antarctiais tration of from one to four of the categories mentioned. Abundance Corethron criophilum doubtless greatest at peak of main increase, and in neritic areas, but Synedra pelagica relative importance greatest during the post-maximal decrease, and Thalassiothrix antarctica more especially in autumn, in the Northern and Intermediate Regions. ECOLOGICAL GROUPING OF SPECIES 285 Group IV Oceanic Chaetocerids of medium size. Greatest relative importance from peak of main increase through summer and autumn. Probably most abundant at period of maximum, and in regions subject to neritic influence. Considerable variation in relative importance with latitude on the part of individual members but time distribution very char- acteristic. Group III Thalassiosira spp. Neritic and ice-edge forms, the majority almost certainly meroplank- Asteromphalus parvidus tonic. Relative importance greatest from beginning to peak of main Biddulphia striata increase, which is also period of greatest abundance. Decline more Eucampia balaustium rapidly than other groups after main increase. Almost absent from Chaetoceros flexuosum oceanic waters at other seasons. Autumnal increase seen in few spp. Ch. neglectum but only in truly neritic areas. Ch. sociale Ch. tortissimum Fragilaria spp. etc. Nitzschia closterium Chaetoceros atlanticum Ch. castracanei Ch. chunii Ch. curvatum Ch. dichaeta type Ch. dichaeta tenuicornis phase Ch. pendulum Ch. radiculum Ch. schimperianum Coscinodiscus spp. (oceanic) Actinocyclus s^fiip. (oceanic) Asteromphalus spp. (other than A. parvulus) Other categories of microplankton were considered in the quahtative counts but were quite unimportant except in winter. Dinoflagellates were counted but not tabulated, since they were of no numerical importance at a vast majority of the stations studied. Phaeocystis briicei, the only Antarctic phytoplankton organism that seems important apart from diatoms, could not be counted and must be considered separately. The holozoic constituents of the net hauls have been tabulated as shown below. As one would expect, they form a negligible proportion of the catches except in winter, when the phytoplankton is so very scanty. Group V Oceanic Discoidae, mostly small. Of considerable importance in the scanty winter phytoplankton. Almost negligible at other seasons, but doubtless more abundant during main increase. HoLozoic Protozoa Foraminifera Cymatocyclis spp. Other Tintinnidae Acanthometridae Challengeridae Other Radiolaria Sticholonche Metazoa Copepoda Nauplii Other Crustacea Limacina juv. Ova 286 DISCOVERY REPORTS NOTES ON THE SPECIES The following notes on the species and categories included in the grouping system are intended to facilitate comparison of the data presented here with previous work. They are arranged in order of the ecological groupings, not taxonomically. Only the most important synonymy is given, and the generic and specific names adopted are those used by Hendey (1937). Group I Fragilariopsis antarctica (Castracane) Hustedt in Schmidt (Hendey, 1937, p. 332) =^Fragilaria antarctica Castracane (1886); Hardy in Hardy and Gunther, 1935; Hart, 1934. The most numerous diatom in Antarctic seas, taking the year as a whole, and certainly one of the most important producers despite its small size. Very long curved chains are developed when growth is rapid, which break up in preserved samples. Its abundance in all parts of the Antarctic zone throughout the year makes it seem certain that F. antarctica is not necessarily dependent upon a solid substratum at any stage and may therefore be considered as 'oceanic'. It is, however, one of the species most commonly found alive in the pack-ice and hence provides a good illustration of a species which confounds rigid application of the Haeckellian terminology (cf. Hendey, 1937, p. 227, where it is tabulated as both oceanic and neritic, holoplanktonic and mero- planktonic). The strongly silicified frustules are very resistant, and are the most plentiful recognizable remains in the stomachs of herbivorous zooplankton, in diato- maceous oozes and muds, and in the guano of carcinophagous birds. Nitzschia seriata Cleve (? + A^. delicatissima Cleve). Among those who have studied Antarctic material in recent years, Hendey, Hardy and myself have not been convinced that N. delicatissima occurs there. Very thin forms are to be found, especially far south among pack-ice, but there appears to me to be a continuous but somewhat irregular gradation in width of the cells from north to south, ranging from typical N. seriata of the largest size downwards. Workers in the northern hemisphere record both species as reaching their greatest abundance near the junction of Atlantic and polar waters, with a tendency for N. seriata to be the more polar of the two (Braarud, 1935, p. 97, and others). I believe that we are almost certainly dealing with phases of one species N. seriata in the far south, but prefer to use the indefinite heading so long as any doubt exists. Since the organisms so described have the same time distribution, the possibility of confusion is unimportant in broad considerations of the phytoplankton population as a whole such as are attempted here. Hendey (1937, p. 352) is probably wrong in regarding this species as neritic. We find it in the open ocean at all seasons, though it is certainly most abundant in neritic areas. It is much more of a summer form than Fragilariopsis, but has been found alive in pack-ice. I would certainly regard it as oceanic in the sense the word is used in this NOTES ON SPECIES 287 paper. Where it is abundant, the chains of Nitzschia seriata are often very long, but break up in preserved samples. A very cosmopolitan species. Distephanus speculum (Ehrenberg) Haeckel. This widely distributed silicofiagellate is very common in the Antarctic zone, whereas Dictyocha is scarcely ever found south of the convergence. Distephanus was abundant at the same times and places as Group I diatoms with perhaps a stronger tendency to increase in relative importance near the ice-edge. Great variation in form and in size were to be seen where it was abundant. It has been found in pack-ice, but it is not certain that the individuals were ahve. Group II Chaetoceros boreale Baily. Comparatively rare in this material but sometimes occurred in considerable quantity along with Ch. criophilum, with which it may sometimes have been confused in counting the contorted chains in rich mixed samples — oceanic. Chaetoceros criophilum Castracane. This oceanic species often occurs in dense local concentrations, sometimes in company with other large forms such as Corethron criophilum. It tends to increase in importance as one proceeds southwards. The long strong bristles contain chloro- plastids and are triturated and swallowed by some of the common Calanoids and Euphausians in spite of their formidable spinose armature. There have been occasions late in the season when observations suggested that this species was dying off. The endochrome turned brown and appeared to degenerate, and the water was full of broken spine fragments, apparently sinking. A chemical analysis of some material dried at about 120° F., carried out by Mr W. J. Copenhagen, showed that the fragments contained an extremely small amount of organic matter. Since it is certain that the spines, which may be up to a millimetre in length, must be bitten off before plankton animals can swallow this species, it may be that rapid break-up of faeces after heavy grazing, rather than death from senescence, was responsible for this state of affairs. Rhizosolenia spp. (see Hendey, 1937, pp. 309-20 for synonymy). These are all essentially oceanic forms within the Antarctic zone. Rh. hebetata Baily, semispina phase, and Rh. data Brightwell, usually in the gracillima phase, are important in local concentrations, mainly in the Intermediate and Southern Regions. In early work stouter individuals of the first named were confused with Rh. styliformis Bright- well. Among the smaller forms, Rh. antarctica Karsten (not treated by Hendey) and Rh. chunii Karsten have been seen in extremely long chains when fresh material was examined— up to twenty-eight and forty-one frustules respectively. Some of the larger and rarer species seem very characteristic of the older and warmer Antarctic surface waters. Rh. hidens Karsten and Rh. simplex Karsten, in particular, seem confined to the Northern Region and northern half of the Intermediate Region. Except for the local 288 DISCOVERY REPORTS concentrations mentioned above, however, the genus is unimportant numerically. Auxospore formation is more often to be seen among the solenoids than in any other group, and good examples of this phenomenon in Rh. alata are particularly common. Dactyliosolen antarcticus Castracane (Hendey, 1937, pp. 323-4) = D. antarcticus Castracane + Z). laevis Karsten + D. flextiostis Mangin in Hart (1934) and Hardy, in Hardy and Gunther (1935). The forms described as separate species are treated by Hendey as phases of the 'type', an opinion which I had come to as a result of the work in the field during the third commission. In some one or more of these phases, D. antarcticus is to be found throughout the Antarctic zone. It is most abundant in the South Georgia (neritic) area at the time of the main increase, but is more important, relative to the total phytoplankton present, in oceanic areas in autumn and winter. It should therefore probably be regarded as an oceanic species. The less strongly silicified laevis phase has a more southerly distribution than the type, which is the reverse of what one would expect from the silica content of the water. Corethron criophilum Castracane (Hendey, 1937, pp. 325-9, shows how all previously recorded species appear to be but phases of the type) = C. valdiviae Karsten, 1905 ; Hardy in Hardy and Gunther, 1935; Hart, 1934. The most important solenoid diatom of Antarctic surface waters, to be found, mainly in the hystrix, type and inerme phases described by Hendey, throughout the whole of the Antarctic zone at all seasons in varying numbers. It is most important in neritic areas, where it sometimes forms almost the whole of the phytoplankton (Hart, 1934, pp. 40, 135), but from the wide distribution of most phases it must be regarded as an essentially oceanic species. Living examples have been seen in pack-ice. Like some other members of Group II this species is locally more abundant as one proceeds southwards, in the open ocean. There is no doubt that Hendey is correct in applying Castracane's name to the species, but it happens that the taxonomic type phase (that first described) does not correspond to the phases most frequently encountered in nature. For this reason I find some parts of Hendey 's descriptions, relating to the other phases, somewhat misleading. In my experience the 'average' Corethron of the Antarctic zone is intermediate, as regards size and strength of frustule, between Hendey 's hystrix and type phases. Auxospores developed from the type phase always approximate more to the hystrix phase in these respects, and I find the convexity of the valves too variable within each phase to help in drawing even these elastic distinctions. Karsten's ' species ' C. valdiviae is certainly nearer the ' average ' Corethron of Antarctic surface waters than the small fragile C. criophilum Castracane that constitutes the type. C. valdiviae becomes part of the hystrix phase in Hendey's system. Hendey describes the inerme phase, which I had previously referred to as the ' spine- less chains' of C. valdiviae, as having 'robust cells, usually strongly siliceous'. This is true enough in comparison with the type, but the minute, fragile, extremely weakly NOTES ON SPECIES 289 siliceous type phase populations are certainly a summer form of the far south, where no wholesale change-over to the spineless chains takes place. In general the spineless chains are very much less robust and less strongly siliceous than the hysirixjtype intermediates from which they appear to develop in late summer farther north. Hendey's statement (p. 329) '...In some specimens the bristles are entirely absent' should I think be altered to ' In most specimens ..." to bring his description of the inerme phase into line with our observations. I had already put forward the view that the change over to spineless chains might be correlated with temporary shortage of silica, which would account for its complete dominance over the hystrix/ type intermediates in some localities in late summer (Hart, 1934, p. 185). Analyses for silica were not then available, but subsequent work strongly supports the suggestion, though it is possible that the seasonal change in temperature may also be involved. The latter, however, is very slight in the regions with which we are concerned, less than 3° C. between the peak of the main increase and the time of maximum development of the inerme phase. It may be mentioned that in fresh material the chains are often extremely long — up to 2 mm. I have never seen gelatinous colonies of Corethron such as Hendey (1937, p. 327) describes, but the exceptionally small and weak far southern type of Corethron is often associated with Phaeocystis in pack-ice and develops with that organism in adjacent waters. From Hendey's description of the pale-staining mucilaginous groundwork, with deeply staining granules in addition to the Corethron cells, it seems probable that he was looking at a mixture of the two distinct organisms. Where it is abundant, Phaeocystis jelly always tends to entangle everything else in the samples. That the granules could be microspores appears very doubtful. Gross (1937, p. 39) doubts whether microspores really exist among centricate diatoms. I have seen inclusion bodies similar to those described by Karsten (1905, pp. 108-9, Taf. XIV) as microspores of Corethron, and mentioned by Hendey, but always in individuals considerably larger than the small weak ice-edge phase. These bodies might indeed give rise to the latter — they are often nearly as big while still within the mother-cell — but are they really microspores? It is noteworthy that in a large population of the small weak ice-edge Corethron one may at first find no large individuals, but if the stations are closely spaced one soon finds a small proportion of large individuals produced by recent auxospore formation. On occasions the proportion of large individuals was clearly increasing with time, and the auxospore formation could be seen in progress. It appears to me, therefore, so far as we can say at present, that the real order of events is something like this : Far south minute (' type phase ') Corethron and Phaeo- cystis subsist together in the pack-ice. Both forms multiply rapidly when liberated in summer, but the Phaeocystis soon decreases. Some of the Corethron cells, already near the lower size limit for the species, soon begin to form auxospores. From the large cells so developed the small-celled population is maintained— perhaps merely by the well-known progressive diminution through continued division, but quite probably 290 DISCOVERY REPORTS by production of microspores, for the proportion of large individuals in these far southern populations is never very high. The large individuals would be described as hystrix phase, with slighter cell walls than usual, in Hendey's terminology. A thorough biometric survey of our abundant material of this species would be extremely interesting, but would be far too big a study in itself for inclusion in work upon the phytoplankton as a whole. Synedra pelagica Hendey (1937, p. 335) = '5- spathulata Schimper; Karsten, 1905; Hardy (Hardy and Gunther, 1935); Hart, 1934; non S. spathulata O'Meara. Never so abundant as Thalassiothrix antarctica, it is of very similar habit but more usually solitary, rarely forming rafts. It is more widely distributed and more definitely oceanic than that species, with which it is easily confused. In general its range is more southerly and it is not found in dense local concentrations. Thalassiothrix antarctica Karsten (Hendey, 1937, p. 335)= TA. antarctica Schimper; Karsten, 1905; Hardy (Hardy and Gunther, 1935); Hart, 1934. The larger individuals of this robust oceanic species are among the longest diatoms known — up to 5 mm. It is particularly abundant at the time of the main increase in the rich mixed plankton of the South Georgia area, but is also to be found throughout the whole of the Antarctic zone. It is commoner in the Northern and Intermediate Regions than farther south and fills even large-meshed plankton nets when abundant. It is frequently colonial, the cells being joined by their truncated ends in rafts, usually in multiples of two up to twenty-four individuals; ' eights' are the most common. Strongly silicified, but the recognizable remains in bottom deposits are mostly fragmentary. Uniformly small and less robust individuals, mostly solitary, have been seen when changes in the Corethron population also suggested shortage of silica. Possibly confused with Thalassiothrix longissima Cleve and Grunow, at some stations near the northern limit of its range. Group III Thalassiosira spp. Most of the Antarctic members of this genus may be referred to Thalassiosira antarctica Comber and Th. subtilis (Ostenfeld) Gran, but Th. gravida Cleve also has been recorded from the South Georgia area by Hendey. Th. antarctica is very variable and certainly at times confused with the much rarer neritic species Coscinosira antarctica Mangin. For descriptions and synonymy of the species of Thalassiosira the reader is referred to Hendey (1937, pp. 237-40). In general the genus is strongly neritic but occurs in smaller quantities in the open oceans immediately after the break-up of the pack-ice. The time distribution is very well marked, occurrence of the genus in any quantity being rigidly confined to the early part of the main increase up to the maximum. A majority of the northern members of the genus appear to have a similar time distribution, being referred to by several writers as markedly spring forms. In the far south Thalassiosira is most important round South Georgia and in other neritic areas. NOTES ON SPECIES 291 Asteromphalus parvulus Karsten. A small species that might perhaps be better placed in Group I, for it may well be oceanic as Hendey maintains. It is frequently found living in pack-ice, however, and from its time distribution in the plankton fits in well with the neritic/ice-edge group. I have included extremely minute individuals, common along the ice-edge, with this species in the qualitative counts. Some day these may prove to be distinct. This form and the undoubtedly oceanic A. hookerii have a much more southerly distribution than other members of the genus. Biddulphia striata Karsten. A strongly neritic species, very rare along the ice-edge in oceanic regions. It is present in enormous numbers in the rich mixed plankton of neritic areas during the main increase and has twice been seen to form very dense local concentrations during the sporadic secondary autumnal increase. The formation of resting spores, more heavily silicified and with punctate valves, was observed during a double crossing of the Scotia Arc near the South Orkney Islands at the end of March 1938, and at South Georgia a week later. These were very irregular in shape, and I think it probable that some of the forms described by Van Heurck, which Mangin united under the name B. polymorpha but which Hendey (1937, p. 277) has shown should be referred to as B. anthropomorpha Van Heurck, will eventually turn out to be nothing more than resting spores, or ' winter phases ', of B. striata Karsten. Eucampia balaustium Castracane, Hendey, 1937, pp. 285-6 = £". balanstium and MoeUeria ontarctica Castracane (1886, pp. 97-8) = £'. antarctica Mangin (1915); Hardy (Hardy and Gunther, 1935); Hart, 1934. A typical neritic/ice-edge species with the characteristic time distribution of the group, but in neritic areas it persists in some quantity later in the season. Like the others, it is very abundant round South Georgia, in the channels of the Palmer Archi- pelago, and, still farther south, around the Balleney Islands. The winter {balaustium or type) phase is rarely found in chains of more than four frustules, but when the summer (moelleria) phase is propagating rapidly extremely long spiral chains are formed which coil up like corkscrews. These soon break up in preserved samples. Intermediates between the two distinct phases are common in short chains of varying lengths and isolated pairs of frustules. Chaetoceros flexuosum Mangin. A strictly neritic species mainly confined to the more southerly ice-fringed coasts, and encountered at the open ice-edge only late in the year, when it lies far south near the Antarctic continent. Chaetoceros neglectum Karsten. A typical neritic/ice-edge species in its distribution both in time and space. This form has probably been confused with the smallest phases of Ch. dichaeta in the past, 292 DISCOVERY REPORTS and is therefore not so important as was previously supposed. Most of the South Georgia material I examined was correctly identified as belonging to this species, but I now believe that some of the Bellingshausen and Weddell Sea material should have been referred to minute phases of Ch. dichaeta (cf. Hart, 1934, p. 164). Chaetoceros sociale Lauder. Very typical of the group in its space/time distribution, this species is one of the most important ice-edge invaders of truly oceanic habitats. There, however, it never reaches anything like the extraordinary abundance common in truly neritic areas. It was once observed in almost ' pure culture ' in Deception Island harbour, to the number of about 25 million cells per litre, estimated by the drop method. The surface waters were visibly discoloured by it on this occasion. Chaetoceros tortissimum Gran. Truly neritic and very local. Abundant at the Palmer Archipelago and at Adelaide Island. Rarely along the ice-edge and only where the ice has receded a long way south. Fragilaria spp. etc. Under this heading I have included those tychopelagic species one normally en- counters only in the immediate vicinity of dispersing pack-ice, among which various species of Fragilaria usually predominate, but many other genera are included— rarely, and always in small numbers. If much of our work had been done in littoral waters it would of course have been necessary to give separate heads for such genera as Lepto- cvlindnis also, but this is unnecessary with the material dealt with here. Most important of the ice forms are : Fragilaria curta Van Heurck, F. linearis Castracane and Fragi- lariopsis siiblinearis (Van Heurck) Heiden and Kolbe. Rarer littoral and ice forms that have been included here when necessary are: Cocconeis, Licmophora, Amphiprora, Amphora spp. etc. Round South Georgia Thalassionema nitzschioides Hustedt, a neritic species characteristic of warmer seas, has also been observed since the earlier work was published, and would require separate treatment if we had more inshore samples to consider. It should also be realized that in the material treated here the larger neritic species of Coscinodiscus and other discoid genera were almost absent. Where important they would also demand separate treatment as constituents of Group III. Nitzschia closterium (Ehrenberg) Wm. Smith. This is the most ubiquitous and variable of all neritic diatoms. In the Antarctic zone it is commonest far south, in a very minute phase which in fresh samples can often be seen to form chains of from three to twelve frustules. In the ice itself larger solitary phases are usually to be found. We found N. closterium frequently in company with Phaeocystis immediately after the ice melted, though it is apparently almost absent from oceanic waters at other times. Lucas has recently described a similar apparent relation with Phaeocystis in the North Sea (1940, p. 128). It is partly due, no doubt, to clogging NOTES ON SPECIES 293 of the filtering apparatus by the Phaeocystis jelly, which increases the chances of the minute Nitzschia closterium being retained. Our centrifuge samples, however, showed that although present elsewhere when not captured in nets, TV. closterium was definitely abundant in the same areas as Phaeocystis. This cannot be ascribed to more complete sedimentation in the centrifuge tubes due to presence of Phaeocystis, because the plankton was rich enough to enable us to work with volumes of water so small that Phaeocystis colonies were quite often not included. It seems likely, therefore, that the association is a real one, as Lucas is inclined to believe. Such quantities of Nitzschia closterium as have been captured by our net methods, which admittedly are not adequate for such a small frequently solitary species, shows a time distribution typical of our neritic/ice-edge grouping. Group IV Chaetoceros atlanticum Cleve. The most important member of the group in the northern region of the Antarctic zone, this cosmopolitan oceanic species shows its greatest absolute abundance in areas subject to neritic influence at the time of the main increase. Its importance relative to the other phytoplankton present, however, is typical of the group, being greatest during the post-maximal decrease and in autumn, in oceanic regions. Ch. atlanticum diminishes in importance as one proceeds southwards, but even in the southern region small numbers are to be found from time to time. Chaetoceros castracanei Karsten. To be found in all parts of the Antarctic zone, and its time of maximum relative importance is the same as that of the other oceanic chaetocerids— post-maximal, not earlier as with all the members of the neritic/ice-edge group. Ch. castracanei increases in importance as one proceeds southwards. Chaetoceros chunii Karsten. The time distribution of this species shows it to be most important during the post- maximal period in all parts of the Antarctic zone, i.e. long after the ice has receded in the oceanic regions. No doubt its absolute abundance may be greater in neritic areas earlier in the year, but almost all Antarctic plankton diatoms reach their greatest abundance in neritic areas at the time of the main increase, and I am sure no one would proceed to describe them all as neritic species for that reason alone. Ch. chunii is widely distributed, rather more important in the northern regions and areas than farther south. Chaetoceros curvatum Castracane. This oceanic, usually solitary species, seems to find its optimum in sub-Antarctic and perhaps sub-tropical waters. It was found, however, in small numbers throughout the year in the Northern and Intermediate Regions of the Antarctic zone. Very rare farther south. 294 DISCOVERY REPORTS Chaetoceros dichaeta Ehrenberg. An oceanic, cosmopolitan species showing great variation in size and form. One of the most important members of the group, especially in autumn, in all parts of the Antarctic zone. It is much more common in the extreme south than Ch. atlanticum and tends to alternate with that species in its space/time distribution elsewhere. Chaetoceros dichaeta tenuicornis phase. I use this term to describe the minute form of Ch. dichaeta which is perhaps the most numerous oceanic chaetocerid of the Antarctic zone. The characteristic flexure of the bristles that led Mangin (19 15, p. 43) to describe it as Ch. dichaeta forma tenuicornis is a variable character, however, and is not shown by all individuals. The phase usually occurs in short chains of three to six frustules, but longer ones are quite common. It has certainly been confused with Ch. neglectim in some previous work, including my own (Hart, 1934) (see note on the latter species in this paper). Ch. dichaeta tenuicornis phase shows a marked increase in relative importance as one proceeds southwards, and is the most important member of the group in the southern region. It is abundant from the time of the main increase onwards, with maximum relative importance much later than the Group III forms. Chaetoceros pendulum Karsten. Widely distributed in the Antarctic zone but in very small numbers relative to the rest of the phytoplankton present. I have here treated it as oceanic rather than neritic as Hendey has done, but it reaches its maximum relative importance earlier than other Chaetocerids so that his opinion may be the sounder. If so it should be transferred to Group III, but it occurred in such small proportions in our catches that such a change would not affect the general picture presented. Chaetoceros radiculum Castracane. An oceanic species found in all parts of the Antarctic zone in relatively small numbers. The bulbous swollen bristles of the solitary cells, and of the terminal cells of the short chains, are sometimes recognizable in bottom deposits. A peculiar phase, at first suspected of being a new species, was sometimes seen far south. The cells were broad, very weakly silicified, having a very hyaline appearance and strongly accentuated octagonal outline in girdle view; the bristles short and degenerate, often almost invisible. This phase was only seen in rather long chains which evidently broke up easily, but at length some were found with the swollen terminal bristles so characteristic of the species. Ch. radicubmi is never a major constituent of the phytoplankton as a whole, but reaches its greatest relative importance in autumn in the Northern and Inter- mediate Regions. Chaetoceros schimperianum Karsten. Hendey is possibly right in regarding this species as neritic rather than oceanic— its time distribution in the open oceans is nearer to that of Group III than that of the majority of our Group IV species, but it was so widely distributed that we have regarded it as oceanic. It decreases in relative importance as one proceeds southwards. ITINERARY: THIRD COMMISSION 295 Group V Coscinodiscus spp. (oceanic). Small numbers of this genus occur in minor quantities in the open oceans throughout the year and are important in the scanty winter phytoplankton of the northern region. The same remarks apply to : Actinocyclus spp. (oceanic). Asteromphalus spp. (other than A. parvulus). These are most abundant at the time of the main increase in the Northern Region, but most important in winter. A. hookerii Ehrenberg is numerous much farther south than the others — A. regular is Karsten, A. roperianus Ralfs ex Pritchard, A. brookei Bailey, and other still indeterminate forms. ITINERARIES OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON OBSERVATIONS DURING THE THIRD, FOURTH AND FIFTH COMMISSIONS OF THE R.R.S. 'DISCOVERY H' The positions of the stations at which phytoplankton observations were obtained within the Antarctic zone, during the third commission of the R.R.S. 'Discovery 11', are shown in Figs. 3 and 4. On Fig. 3 the boundaries of the biogeographical regions and areas previously described are also shown. The first experiments with the Harvey net were made in sub-Antarctic water on the outward voyage from Tristan da Cunha to South Georgia, so that we were proficient in the use of the new methods by the time the Antarctic convergence was reached a little to the north and east of the South Georgia area. Here we found the main diatom increase near its peak and twelve hauls obtained during 27 November-4 December 1933 yielded very high values. Proceeding south-westwards across the Scotia Sea, and through the western end of Bransfield Strait to 67° 45-3' S in approximately 80° W, much less phytoplankton was encountered. One station off the Palmer Archipelago yielded a fairly rich haul, but on working up the 80° W meridian the comparative poverty of the phytoplankton in the eastern South Pacific area, in the middle of December, was very apparent. We next crossed the convergence about the time of the New Year and proceeded westwards on a zigzag course along the Pacific ice-edge into the area north of the Ross Sea, and up to New Zealand at the end of January 1934. This cruise yielded more evidence of the poverty of the eastern South Pacific, and showed uniformly moderate quantities of phytoplankton in the Southern Region increasing as we proceeded west- wards. On the voyage southward from New Zealand, station work was precluded because of the necessity for speed in making the rendezvous with Admiral Byrd's supply ship, the 'Bear of Oakland', to whom we were transporting an additional medical officer and stores. Observations began again in the last week of February in 72° S in the Ross 5-2 296 DISCOVERY REPORTS Fig. 3. Positions of observations obtained within the Antarctic zone during the third commission of R.R.S. ' Discovery II ', excluding those from the South Georgia area which are plotted separately in Fig. 4. ITINERARY: THIRD COMMISSION 297 Sea. From there we worked eastwards across the Pacific in a rather higher southern latitude than before, most of the observations being made south of the Antarctic circle. This cruise showed larger quantities of phytoplankton than had been encountered in the Southern Region in January, until the end of the first week of March. In the second week of March there was a distinct falling off, but by that time we were working into the eastern South Pacific area, which subsequent work has shown to be consistently 1496 1497 1498 • 1405- • 1340 '402 il99» 1401 '1501 «I437 1200 1400 1201* 1403. 1406 1211 1210 1404 .1209 ^ ^^i% '-^-^r^ i2oa 2 ,J\ y >IS03 1202 < • 1504 1206 1205 1204 1203 1507 •I.isoe' J505\J£08 1395 1394 40° Fig. 4. Positions of the observations obtained in the South Georgia area during the third commission of R.R.S. 'Discovery 11'. poorer in phytoplankton than others. Fig. 5 indicates the order of the quantitative differences observed during this cruise. Two lines of stations worked in the Scotia Sea early in April showed scanty phyto- plankton, though there was a hint of slight secondary autumnal increase at two of them. The long cruise eastwards in the autumn was carried out mainly in the Intermediate Region. At first the phytoplankton was very scanty, but during the first week of May distinct indications of autumnal secondary increase were observed. Thereafter the ship was working in more northerly waters until refitted at Simonstown (South Africa). 298 DISCOVERY REPORTS I" n D s o o tn 'o M 0- •u a o u V D X, o J3 O CO C ITINERARY: THIRD COMMISSION 399 We sailed to the south-west again early in August 1934, and obtained good evidence of the negligible quantities of phytoplankton in winter in the Northern Region, on our way to South Georgia. From 25 August to 3 September, in the South Georgia area, the quantities were more than twice as great— still very small. During the following week it was found that in the Scotia Sea the values, though lower than at South Georgia, were double those obtained in corresponding latitudes in the open ocean a fortnight earlier, but in the eastern South Pacific they were still negligible. Between 26 September and 12 October a double series of observations in the Scotia Sea showed that the phytoplankton had increased to three or four times the values observed earlier in September, though still poor when considered in relation to the quantities to be found there later on, during the main increase. During the first half of November an extended series of observations was made in the eastern South Pacific. The main increase seemed to be in progress from 2 November, when the first estimation exceeding 1000 units of plant pigments per m.'' was obtained. The values, however, were low even when compared with those for other oceanic regions at this season. Possibly the weather conditions, which were exceptionally bad throughout this cruise, may have been, in part, responsible for this. A uniform poverty of phytoplankton in the eastern South Pacific seems to be the rule at all seasons, however, when we compare the results with those from other areas. For the next two months the ship was engaged in carrying stores for the British Graham Land Expedition, and in survey work round the South Shetland Islands. No routine phytoplankton observations were made, but interesting observations on the exceptionally dense neritic development at Deception Island and in de Gerlache Strait were possible on two occasions. At the conclusion of the survey programme a line of stations was worked from the South Orkney Islands northwards across the Scotia Sea, beginning on 23 January 1935. At the two southernmost stations, nearest to the shoal water of the Scotia Arc, a very rich neritic phytoplankton was encountered. Farther north the quantities observed were more moderate. About the beginning of February some moderate hauls were obtained to the north of South Georgia, but east of the more southerly part of that island the phytoplankton was poor. The work of the third commission was concluded by a long cruise eastward across the Intermediate and Southern Regions of the Antarctic zone, south of the Atlantic and beyond to 43° E, during February and March 1935. Some high values were recorded in both regions up to the third week of February, but the phytoplankton was evidently distributed very irregularly, with considerable evidence of heavy grazing causing local scarcity. During the latter part of this cruise the values in the Inter- mediate Region fell off indicating post-maximal decrease, while slightly higher values in the Northern Region in March may have indicated the beginnings of the secondary autumnal increase. On leaving Antarctic waters observations were continued north- wards through the Mozambique Channel before the ship made her way home through the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. 300 DISCOVERY REPORTS During the fourth commission the phytoplankton estimations were carried out by our assistant, Mr W. F. Fry, under the supervision of Mr J. W. S. Marr. The positions of the stations considered here are shown in Figs. 6 and 7. Work in the Antarctic zone was begun late in November 1935, on an eastward cruise along the ice-edge south of the Indian Ocean. The observations were arranged along a series of zigzags with the ice-edge as the southern turning point for each leg of the course, as in most of our long range work. Quantities of phytoplankton were very moderate in both Intermediate and Northern Regions, with indications of the beginning of the main increase at the end of November. It may, of course, have been an exceptionally late season, but we have subsequently found indications of similar moderate development in November, followed by a very sudden main increase, in this part of the Northern Region. The average position of the Antarctic convergence is slightly farther south there than it is to the south of the Atlantic. At the same time, the land to the south is somewhat farther north, so that to the south of the Indian Ocean a slight degree of ' telescoping ' in the north-south gradient of the conditions may occur. This is probably the cause of the incidence of the main increase being slightly later there, but the difference does not seem to be sufficient to necessitate consideration of this region as a ' special area '. At the beginning of December it became necessary for the ship to proceed at once to the rescue of Lincoln Elsworth at ' Little America'. This she did after a record passage through the Ross Sea pack, and observations were resumed far south in the Ross Sea at the middle of January 1936. Eighteen stations were worked south of the Antarctic circle, some as far as 78° S. Most of the hauls were very moderate in quantity, as we had already learnt to expect at this time of the year in the Southern Region. Two stations yielded richer catches towards the end of the month. Mr Marr's preliminary qualitative observations indicate that there are probably features peculiar to these most southerly waters known, but quantitatively the results fit in quite normally with those from the Southern Region in general. On the voyage northwards to Australia very small quantities of phytoplankton were recorded in February in the Intermediate Region, and throughout the month of March when the ship was working in the Northern and Intermediate Regions south of Australia, the quantities observed were also poor. The summer post-maximal decrease is evidently marked in these waters. Observations on the southward run suggested that it may be even more marked in the Intermediate than in the Northern Region. After crossing the Indian Ocean westwards to South Africa in lower latitudes, obser- vations in the Antarctic zone were resumed at the end of May and continued throughout the first fortnight of June, between o and 20° E, where several results from the Inter- mediate as well as the Northern Region were obtained. In the Intermediate Region some vestiges of the autumnal secondary increase were still apparent — possibly as a result of transport from farther south. To the north minimal winter values only were recorded. The following season, after refitting at Simonstown, the ship crossed to South Georgia on the usual zigzag type of course, the general direction being south-west. ITINERARY: FOURTH COMMISSION 301 30 120 W 180*E Fig. 6. Positions of the observations obtained within the Antarctic zone during the fourth commission of R.R.S. ' Discovery II ', excluding those from the South Georgia area which are shown separately in Fig. 7. 302 DISCOVERY REPORTS Owing to the northerly position of the ice-edge at this time of year (September-October 1936) most of the observations fell in the northern region of the Antarctic zone. They showed the first small increase above the minimal winter values quite clearly. At South Georgia a considerable plankton survey was undertaken which showed the main increase to be beginning sporadically during the last week of October, when three really high phytoplankton concentrations were observed. During the first fortnight of Fig. 7. Positions of observations in the South Georgia area during the fourth commission of R.R.S. 'Discovery IT. November observations were obtained suggesting a similar sporadic increase in some parts of the Scotia Sea, but on a smaller scale, as we have learnt to expect. Farther south, in the Weddell Sea, no production on a considerable scale was yet apparent. After an extensive series of observations in sub-Antarctic waters west of the Falkland Islands, work was continued in the South Georgia area during the first three weeks of December 1936. It appeared that the main increase was at or just past its maximum, and many high values were recorded. In addition to the routine plankton survey three 24 hr. stations were worked in phytoplankton concentrations ranging from the highest ITINERARY: FIFTH COMMISSION 303 to the lowest that could be found, with a view to testing Professor Hardy's animal exclusion hypothesis. The results obtained at these stations appear incidentally to provide valuable proof that our methods are adequate for broad determinations of the order of magnitude of the standing crop, of the type aimed at in this paper. At the New Year 1936-7 a line of stations was worked south-westwards across the Scotia Sea, showing two fairly high values to the north. For the next six weeks the ship was engaged on hydrographic survey work round the South Shetland Islands. Plankton work was resumed in the middle of February with a line of stations worked northwards across the Scotia Sea to the Falkland Islands. It was evident that the post- maximal falling off was considerable. Early in March extremely varied quantities of phytoplankton were observed round South Georgia, in keeping with our ideas of the irregularity of the autumnal increase. The work of the fourth commission in the Antarctic zone was concluded by a cruise eastwards to the meridian of Greenwich, mainly in the Intermediate Region, followed by a line of close stations worked due northwards to the Antarctic convergence. The chief result was a clear demonstration of an autumnal secondary increase in the Inter- mediate Region in the latter half of March 1937. The phytoplankton observations obtained within the Antarctic zone during the fifth commission of the R.R.S. 'Discovery 11' are shown in Figs. 8 and 9. The work falls naturally into two parts: a circumpolar cruise, working on a zigzag course east about from Cape Town, during the summer and autumn of 1937-8, and a long series of repeated observations between o and 20° E, starting at mid-winter and continued throughout the whaling season of 1938-9. Leaving Cape Town in November 1937, we first crossed the Antarctic convergence on the 20th, and until 10 December when we were making our way northwards to Fremantle, all the observations fell within the Northern and Intermediate Regions. At first the quantities of phytoplankton recorded were small, though greater than the minimal winter values. The main increase became apparent rather suddenly, the first estimations exceeding 1000 units of plant pigments were recorded on 27 November in the Northern Region and on 7 December in the Intermediate Region. Prior to this the Intermediate Region was appreciably the poorer of the two. We sailed from Fremantle before the New Year and next crossed the convergence on 6 January 1938. Our zigzag course took us eastward mainly through the Intermediate Region to the vicinity of the Balleney Islands before we worked north to New Zealand. At the Balleney Islands we encountered an extraordinarily rich neritic phytoplankton, and two stations near by showed that the main increase in the extreme north of the Southern Region had begun by the third week in January. Throughout the main part of this cruise it appeared that the main increase in the Intermediate Region was in progress, but some low values were recorded, and it seemed that grazing might already be causing local poverty. In the Northern Region the post-maximal decrease was clearly apparent at the end of January. Grazing again seemed a possible explanation— an extraordinary profusion of salps at this time has repeatedly been observed slightly 6-2 304 DISCOVERY REPORTS 120 Fig. 8. Positions of the observations obtained within the Antarctic zone during the circumpolar cruise, fifth commission of R.R.S. ' Discovery II '. The observations from the repeated cruises between o and 20° E are shown separately in Fig. 9. ITINERARY: FIFTH COMMISSION 305 farther north, and one species at least extends southwards into our Northern Region in abundance. After leaving New Zealand we made our way southwards through the ' special area ' north of the Ross Sea, where the more southerly position of the Antarctic convergence renders the distinction of Northern and Intermediate Regions impossible. Here the phytoplankton in the middle of February was poor— almost certainly post-maximal. Our eastward crossing of the Pacific during the latter half of February and the first week in March was carried out in high latitudes. Most of the stations fell in the Southern Region, where the main increase was evidently proceeding up to the end of February, with slight falling off subsequently. Working northwards through another 'special area', the eastern South Pacific, a moderately rich phytoplankton was observed at the two most northerly Antarctic stations, which may have represented the secondary autumnal increase in this generally poor locality. Throughout the remainder of March 1938, however, when our work lay in the Scotia Sea, it was evident from the very small quantities of phytoplankton observed that the post-maximal decrease was still in force, and that any autumnal secondary increase would probably come later. The circumpolar cruise was completed by a line of stations from South Georgia eastwards to the meridian of Greenwich, whence observations were continued south- wards from the vicinity of the Antarctic convergence to 65° S, and after an eastward zigzag, northwards from 67° S up the 20° E meridian to South Africa. This last portion of the circumpolar cruise occupied the greater part of April 1938, and covered the same area that was worked in detail throughout the following season. The results gave clear indications of the secondary autumnal increase in the Northern Region. In the Inter- mediate Region the quantities of phytoplankton were small, but slightly greater, on the average, than those recorded in March and on other occasions. After refitting at Simonstown we again sailed south on i July 1938, on the first of seven repeated series of observations between o and 20° E. On each of these cruises our general procedure was the same. We aimed to reach the Greenwich meridian in about 40° S, worked due south to the ice-edge, then turned to the north and east until we reached the neighbourhood of 10° E, then turned south and east for the ice-edge, and finally northwards in about 20° E. The extent of the north and south legs of this W-shaped course necessarily varied with the influence of the weather and the position of the ice-edge upon our fuel consumption. Throughout the winter and up to December 1938 the ice lay around 55-56° S, and it was possible to work north until we had nearly reached the Antarctic convergence again in about 10° E on each of the first five cruises. Later the ice-edge lay some hundreds of miles farther south. In February-March 1939 we reached the edge of the Antarctic continent itself between o and 4° E, and it became necessary to cut out the middle zigzag altogether. This particular cruise gives a good example of the enormous distances that have to be covered in this type of work. Pro- ceeding from Cape Town to approximately 40° S in 0°, down to the Antarctic continent and back up the 20° E meridian, the ship actually had to steam farther than she did in her crossing of the South Pacific the previous season. 3o6 DISCOVERY REPORTS ad- .2534 2496* 2427» 2359. 2^*62 • 2386. ^^^'^ „8q '5^6 . 2469 2360 • .-^ACtr^ 2365 2504 I .2429 2468. .2503 2390. .2587,^. o ti ■i^bl* .2499 tfi^2363 2430. 2466.*2433 2568^2362 .2502 2391 ..'ZSJO 2537 2431. .2501 2432 . ,,„^ .2392 .2396 •2569 2393* .2395 \ .2394 •^"S 2590. 2439 ..2472 I .2368 ^^^° I .2508 2471,. 2357 2441 2S0T I .2505 >2436 2403. .2402 2474* 2510 •2377 50 S 2370 .2400 2399 240 S. 2406 25" 2^76 2444 2372 2571 .2448 2479. .2620 „^ 2518- 2414-2376 .2373 .2619 2513 2570./ .2375 2408. 2^77. /:2478 2446. •z^T' 2514* 2409.26,8-"^^^^^ 2412. .2374 2^' 7.. 2411 !!^r-25,6 Fig. 9. Positions of observations obtained within the Antarctic zone during the repeated cruises, July 1938-March 1939. OBSERVATIONS IN THE NORTHERN REGION 30? The results of these repeated cruises were very valuable in giving a complete picture of the annual cycle in the Northern Region. The Intermediate and Southern Regions were reached only from January to March 1939, when the results confirmed our previous findings. It also became clear that the abundance of Phaeocystis, particularly in the Intermediate Region, was confined to the period immediately after the break-up of the pack-ice. In the Northern Region the quantitative phytoplankton cycle followed a course we expected to find normal from our earlier and more widely dispersed obser- vations, except that the maximum was rather later. Apparently the season 1938-9 was a rather ' late ' year, as instanced also by the northerly position of the ice-edge as late as December. DESCRIPTION OF THE OBSERVATIONS OBTAINED THE NORTHERN REGION The seasonal variation in pigment content of the phytoplankton of the Northern Region, as indicated by meaning all our available estimations at mean dates, is shown by the figures in Table i, and also in graphic form in Fig. 10. It will be noted that the November figure is lower than that for October, and that this is thought to be an anomaly due to the limitations of the data, and not representative of the true state of affairs. The majority of our November figures were derived from the part of the Northern Table i No. of observations Mean units Mean date of pigments per m.' 16 July 16 5° 20 August 29 60 27 September 22 120 14 October 33 520 20 November 24 380 6 December 35 1690 15 January 12 1210 12 February 10 960 19 March 22 560 16 April 19 840 21 May 4 290 9 June 8 SO Region lying south of the Indian Ocean, where we have twice observed that the main increase seems to take place rather later and more suddenly than elsewhere (cf. Itinerary). The October figures, on the other hand, were widely distributed. There is little doubt that if more widely distributed observations for November were available, the shape of the graph would approximate to that shown by the pecked line, over the period in question. As already remarked, it does not seem advisable to regard the area south of the Indian Ocean as essentially different from the rest of the Northern Region 3o8 DISCOVERY REPORTS on this account alone, for at other seasons the agreement is good. The figures given in Table 2, obtained over the short period covering the main increase in the locality in ZOOOt 1500 1000 500 JuIl) August September October November December Januarq Febru3rL| March April Mau June Fig. lo. Northern Region. Annual variation in plant pigments per m.^; means of all available observations (50-0 m. hauls) at mean dates. Numbers of observations in brackets. Note anomalous figure for November mentioned in text. question during the circumpolar cruise in 1937, clearly show how maximal values were observed early in December in spite of the November values being lower than else- where. Table 2 Colour units Pmg. Simg. Station Date per m.^, atoms atoms 50-0 m. hauls per m.^ per m.' 2089 20. xi. 37 450 2- 1 1 38-6 2091 21. XI. 190 2 '03 36-6 2093 22. XI. 130 2-09 33-3 2106 27. xi. 1 170 2-05 28-8 2131 5- xii. 37 5760 1-54 14-4 2141 9. xn. 1630 1-98 iS-8 2143 10. Xll. 5040 1-50 2-S The very close agreement between nutrient salt content of the water and estimated quantities of plant pigments is also clearly shown by this table. It would not be so good over a longer period when the effect of the biological uptake would be masked by regeneration or replacement in varying degrees, but it seems to me that if our Harvey estimations do not reflect the real quantity of phytoplankton production fairly closely, the high degree of correlation with chemical data obtained quite independently by our hydrologists at the critical period would be utterly impossible. OBSERVATIONS IN THE NORTHERN REGION 309 The seasonal variation in the quaUty of the phytoplankton of the Northern Region would seem to be best exemplified by the repeated series of observations carried out between o and 20° E during the season 1938-9, with some work carried out in the same area during the previous autumn. This seems to give a better representation of the sequence than the consideration of material collected in different seasons. Obser- vations in other parts of the northern zone tallied extremely well with this series, however, and it was this that led to the possibility of recognizing the biogeographical zonation used in this paper. It will be realized that it is impracticable to give all the data for the whole of the Northern Region in detail. The figures for the 1938-9 series are given in summarized form in Table 3. This gives the mean percentage at mean dates for each category of microplankton included in the 'qualitative counts' in ordinary type, and the number of stations at which each was observed is given as a fraction of the total number of observations available. It is readily seen that Group I, oceanic pennate diatoms with Distephamis speculum, was important at all times except in autumn, and to a lesser extent during the post- maximal decrease period. Fragilariopsis antarctica was most important in the early part of the main increase, but formed a considerable proportion of all microplankton present at all seasons except late autumn. Nitzschia seriata was most important at the peak of the main increase and subsequently through late summer and autumn. The larger diatom species of Group II were most important during late summer and autumn, when large local concentrations of Chaetoceros criophilum, Rhizosolenia alata and Rh. hebetata semispina phase were encountered. Corethron criophilum, the most important member of this oceanic group, was present in moderate proportion at all seasons, most important during the early part of the main increase and during the post- maximal decrease. The position of the neritic and ice-edge forms (Group III) in the qualitative sequence is very clearly brought out by the figures in the table. Chaetoceros sociale and Thalassio- sira spp. were by far the most numerous in this truly oceanic area. With the rest of the group they reached their maximum importance as the ice dispersed — immediately before the peak of the main increase in the season studied. At other times they formed a relatively insignificant proportion of the phytoplankton. The oceanic Chaetocerids (Group IV) were more evenly distributed throughout the year, mainly owing to the ubiquity of the two leading members of the group in the Northern Region— Chaetoceros atlanticum and Ch. dichaeta. Even with these, however, the tendency to show maximum relative importance during the post-maximal summer decrease and in autumn, characteristic of the group as a whole, was fairly clear. The small oceanic Discoidae (Group V) were quite unimportant except in the ex- tremely scanty winter phytoplankton, and the same may be said of the non-holophytic members of the microplankton that were included in the qualitative counts. The colonial green flagellate Phaeocystis brucei, whose numbers cannot be estimated by our methods and which is clearly a first colonist when pack-ice melts and does not long persist thereafter, is naturally of only local importance in the Northern Region, ^ O ^ vD o >o £> vO O 1 o sC « 1 M N ^ P3 O^ ■O sO N ^C> N m -O >0 tn ■* O so •" HI M N " m I^ (^ Ti- N r* t^ o^ N in r>>oo ■+ M CJ M fO oo t^ N nO lO Tt m po O O^ .* M so w « .+%o r^ . 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N M M " 00 t^ M vO fO N M 00 00 fO li^ CO ri WH O in CO 0'\0 00 ■vO M M 0 " 0 1 1 1 M N t^« w 0 1 Th N 00 in b b t_t o 1 o o 1 1 o NO b N b ^ 1 1 o in 00 r^ o r^ M O " " N 0 o 00 N ^ 1 1 1 O N r^ N •^ *-' A A m m m m ir> u^ tn in ir, tn m m m m in m m in in »n in m tn in in w in in in m m in m >. 3% f^ *- t^ fn o o ■* w "H r- lo N n vo (-1 o ro m n m M n in o ■-■ W M ■^ >0 « ■>!- " CO CO M m N o 00 r-r v^r r 1 t M ■^ CO MO O 00 -^ M r^ N 0 CO N m N o> >-< O O N 1 N M V N b b o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O 0 O O N 1 1 A o A On 00 r^ M t^ M o M o m M 1 N ^ ^ 1 1 0 00 * ■* ^ ■* ■* * * 1 ■* Q.00 ^ ON N « n n ■* »*■ «4- ri n ■* •- - ■* <- N N ■* M -4- M N -.t ■* N N M M ■" lO ^ fO N in M O^ m M u ^ -± On in -^ TJ-CO On 0 NOO M ^ 1 1 °p 1 1 1 o 00 " N CO t^ " M N M in \b CO CO M w O 1 1 1 o 1 1 o no b CO b b b 1 1 CO 0 M M CO 1 1 6 1 1 1 M M 6 6 1 1 1 O ' m ' •o N w w %n m a 3 O u 0 2 o H s: o o •G-5 t > a 3 O u 0 o 2.2.S ti-3-o c "o o 1 o 'S "o X 0 a o « s a 3x > 3 o N a o cjoSqoco'P; s i:yS5S^ -C -S -C -S -« ;« ^ ;« :« O-^"^ 0,?-.$ ox^ U.OOo-i 4/13 0-9 19/23 Actinocyclus spp. 8-3 I/I 09 8/10 0-7 4/7 o-s 20/45 0-5 8/12 >o-i 4/13 1-6 19/23 Asterotnphalus spp.* 0-8 i/i 01 2/10 0-6 5/7 0-2 19/45 0-3 6/12 >o-i 2/13 0-3 14/23 Total Group V 14-0 i/i 2-0 10/10 2-8 7/7 I-I 30/45 0-9 8/21 0-4 6/13 2-8 23/23 Foraminifera 1-6 i/i 0-7 s/io 0-6 3/7 o-i 13/45 0-9 10/12 0-5 10/13 1-6 21/23 Copepoda 8-2 I/I O-I l/io — <0-I 3/45 o-i 4/7 ^ od_ 0) to ro (_ QJ > < tn c o 1.000 60.000- > E 50.000 QJ I- l/l QJ O in 40.000 c QJ 3) r -5 §)3Q000 S ^20.000 -h -CO. =c 10.000 1933 o 1934 • Fig. 19. Comparisons of the average quantities of plant pigments per m.', over the period of the main increase in different areas. The highest individual observations are shown on a smaller scale below. 332 DISCOVERY REPORTS parison the period of the main increase has been taken as from the date of the first clear increase over the minimal winter values to the first pronounced descent towards the post-maximal decrease. These dates naturally differ in the several areas, and the figures have, therefore, been tabulated below in addition to the diagrammatic representation. Table 12 Region or area Northern Inter- mediate Southern South Georgia Scotia Sea English Channel L4 Period No. of observations Mean units/m.^ Highest individual observation 27 Sept. to I Feb. 1938-9 61 1210 754° 27 Nov. to 8 Mar. 87 1 100 9420 20 Jan. to 4 Mar. 42 1150 12,050 13 Oct. to 27 Jan. 72 11,690 60,040 6 Oct. to 15 Feb. 55 2390 21,040 I Mar. to 3 July 1934 16 1000 3850 It will be seen that in the three oceanic areas the values are much the same and slightly higher than in the English Channel. In the Southern Region, where the period of the main increase is much shorter (and where there is no secondary autumnal increase), the total production will, of course, be much smaller. Off South Georgia and in the Scotia Sea the much higher values correspond with the relative degree of neritic influence in these two areas. The seasonal cycles described clearly support the views already put forward (Hart, 1934, p. 193) that the physical factors of the environment play the most important part in determining the course of phytoplankton production within the Antarctic zone. Most important are : light, the degree of stability of the surface layers, and the interrelated effects of pack-ice. These are certainly prime causes in the determination of the time of the onset of the main increase, and the extent and duration of the autumnal secondary increase in the more northerly parts of the Antarctic zone. However, they do not by themselves explain the post-maximal summer decrease in the more northerly Antarctic surface waters, or the vastly greater production in neritic as compared with oceanic areas. Since physical factors alone do not sufficiently account for these features, their probable explanation must be sought among chemical and biological factors. From earlier work we know that while decrease in phosphate content of the surface waters may augment the post-maximal decrease in phytoplankton, it is extremely unlikely that shortage of this nutrient salt is ever sufficient to account by itself for that decrease (Hart, 1934, p. 184; Clowes, 1938, p. 112). So far as the scantier evidence goes, the same may be said of nitrate. The reduction of silicate, on the other hand, is a very probable cause of the post-maximal decrease in the almost purely diatomaceous phytoplankton with which we are concerned, as has already been suggested hypothe- FACTORS INFLUENCING PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION 333 tically (Hart, 1934, pp. 185-6). Frequent observation of immense numbers of faecal pellets accompanying a comparatively poor phytoplankton during the post-maximal decrease have been made, mainly in the Northern and Intermediate Regions, in the course of the work at sea. As described in the itinerary these observations suggested that heavy grazing by zooplankton herbivores was in part responsible for the decrease, and is thus probably the most important biological factor influencing production. With the data available for earlier work it was impossible to use calculations of minimum crop from observed decrease in nutrients because of the lack of repeated observations in one area over short intervals of time. The speed of horizontal move- ments of the surface layers made it seem improbable that such calculations could ever be usefully attempted (Hart, 1934, pp. 184-5). Since that paper was written numerous repeated series of observations at short time intervals have been obtained which render such calculations possible. They must always remain somewhat speculative, but as the following considerations should show, they support the view that temporary shortage of silica combined with the grazing-down factor, are largely responsible for the post- maximal decrease. This view is also largely supported, on general grounds, by the work of Clowes (1938). Minimal crop calculations based on observed reduction of nutrient substances in the sea were first made by Moore et 0 -o T3 Si 3 CO II 2 St ^^ :n M ^ *~H IS .2 oa ""^r 2 K M U * »^ !>« O a; " X g V tU) t4-l c ^ 1— ( Q 5 o x: _ 3 .2 o u II " CO &H '■^ 0 be u .2 o < ^3 O ^ ^ •^^i *«i ff 11 a -a ^ ^ O o C a •^J C^ C = M J^ II ? K ^ trt 1— 1 (u S ciS ^ c .9 ■a 3 ^3 r. 11 !> ir' > K ^ ^^ a o t C<^ CO ^ ^t}-^ ^11 ^O V»^^- 0^*£i O O ■- r^QO f^ N -1- t^co u^p-jr^'- tJ-cN m O N f^OO O GC N ^ ^ O' T**^ ?* ^ H- b rn -i-ob b M b-^b " ^ roob -b f^-l-C>-t<^C'"^'-'O0 >-« i/"-'-'00 inN «n r^OO i/"jCO >j-)00 in — vC u-1 in c, no ■-■ooc'ooooooocoooo o ooooo CO coooooooo ooooo c>oo r^o m^ r>oo t^o mso so oo o^ O' ooo r^\0 m f^ n o ^ n oqo r^co oo o^ o^ o '- 0 o^oo o^ o oo tfl Q . ^ J____ _.^^^|^^^^ c ,2 n u5 -■ N r^ Tf «nO r^OCi C> O '-' N ro H" m^O r^OO 0>0 '-' N rn-^-N r^rf- m^C 1^00 O- O i-" N ro H" m\0 I^ O tn to «/■. in m I/-, in li-j yr,^ ^o^^oo^o-o^oo r^t^r-r^ r^oo oooooooococooo oooa'O^a'O'O^o^ 00 B Colour units per m.' ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo -t a> r-)^ -1-0 mm- O^D-o -J- -fsO 00 o- ro 1^00 rn\D o aor^ONm-i-N o^o - moo r^ n ^ r^ r-- ^ r^ m l-l mjsO N t^ »n 1- N i>00 \0 N N mi r^-O r^M\D'-'O^NO\'-'—^Di-iN 00 N_^ f*^ mCO t^ ■^ T" mf^^mNc^'-oooo-l-OmrofnroTi-i-.-^N't- •- i-" '-■|-"NN^ON^^N'-rO■r^fn■-'^H i-i c 0 *w 0 Oh C O insb K r^ K ^-cb in ro K M inob m f^ m b-cb ob-ob-i-^-bbm vn-h i~^ b^ '^ 'ri- r':l-^m moo c> o o ^i-oo r^ r^ •-' '^ t^ r^oo oooooo mON'*r>ON moo •- ^oo -- ^^o co - c*^f^r^c^c^MMr^corirorO'^*^'*-m mso -o \0 t^ t^ r^ t^ r^^D ^o i> 1^ r^oo oococ^c^c^OOOO'-' J oooo c^r^inr^M n n o O n o^r^ommr^— r^— r-o^ mso — /•'T' ^^^^9^?* 9"^ ^?^r* Y^ ?"^ ■- bb b^ O t^ i^ 0 M ^-tI- m^b ob -i ob b n mob m-o N I- — \D OnD O-CO^rj^coo^oo — C^mh- r^ mTh0'-''+-'-'M«0O00r^'+r^"r)O-l--tN0<^-'+N0Nnm-<'-'Nt^i-Mm'-''-iN- ""o °« "coWm W W W W°mVoo °- mV^-*- r^sO moN O r^o r^sD »^ ifi^ r^oo O^oo so vO l;;^co mmmmmmmmmmmmmmm inso so*£'sOs0^^sO'0^'nD'0'OnO^O^^^'Oso-0'»o\o\dsd X ^ >i X X !«! X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X x.-;------.--i-----------«--;----i m r^ r^ r^ r^oo* od ob oo* 4- 4 -f 4 ^<> t>o6 6^ 6 6 roTJ-Tj-inmb >- - n Nc^c^'^^m, u-j^ so i> t>0 r0C^-C>u-^O OO r-OO « - - rj- - (^ w.^ (^CO !r>0 O -frOO t^O -sD I^^^D cio r^ i- sC -^ I^ C 1 oi c o •t-u-jinNO O ^u-i-'Nu-iO-ti-iu^OO OO t^mO Tt-Tt-NcoNrOrf-c^o -HNuiriO u-)^o^-^O^^MOON - u-jmmn -* tJ- m-o o- -« lo o NO-- -J- -t u^ u-,"r^ r^ t^ r-^oo o-'o o -too m moo n V-oo oo Vi%-°T^*^Th°in"io°i^ViViV,Woo ViV'^hh %%% m n J CO ri N fOcb CO -hGC 6 u-iiOf*-.ror^roC> C^OO ^bo^O-OO ^ C>"%b^6 NO "sO f~-^b i^ob Nsb u-iO^ Km m ^ b^ i> f^ c*^ rO"- -rO O i^f roroN u-)N N M N (*!■-« tofiinioO O lO*- O N i^ O lA-^mr^'+u^u^M M-^u^O •-' O N ■- u^^h m-^O ■:■ '■■' C'OOOOOcioooir'OoooooT'OOOOoooooooocioooooonooo'^oOin'-ioo w, IT) iTi Wi irt \n \n XTi ifi iTi iTi i/~i u-i in in irt w, Wt w, w, irt \r-, in tr-, trt W) m\0 -O ^ O ^ lO »^ lti "~. iv-j ui u-^ u-j ir; ir^ i/i u-* lo Wi lO'O ^ "O 0^ Q c a « -t- tn^ N ro '+sO o 0 N m rj- \n\0 r^ c> o ■-' n ro -t- m^ r-^oo o^ 0 •-' n r^ mvo lo-o r^oo c> 0 ■- m r^ -t-^o r^oo i> o r^oo o \C^^oooocooooo c^c^a^a^c^o^a^c^o o 0 o o 0 o o O 0 — -« •- ■-' <-> ■- n n n n n r'^r^mrnrnmr^r^f^^'t-t't be fl A 0 rjimi^^nmrnma^rnrj^mrnmmm^^-^^'^^-^^'^^^^ jjc/iCfiCfiCfirjiCfiCficn(yiCficncficgc^^^,_^^y^^y2y.,^y^^,^^^^^^4.4,HH«-H^ Colour units per m.' oooooooooooooooooooo 1 ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo N r^0O_0O 0_ >n O; r^sO -^ inCC C-OO mOi- „WMC^^*'-N•i• I> NN-tl^tO Tt-O '-N<*VM>-«»->i-M .-. i-T c2 C O ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^wwwwwwwuwuw r^i-H r^o r^r^t^r^o r^r^-i-r^N T^^o ooo o rn rn ri- o -tN I" c^>- u-.-vO t^ -4- r^oo oo ^h c r^^o ooooo r^N u-ii-oo\o mr-' ir)Tj-iriU-i"i-ii-, O N >ON mLr, r^M mQ 0 ■-* ■-" ONMN •-« >- --O Mw~. NU^Nu-jCjhh -■ m-- O t^ cn fn r^ •-< — -l-O i- >- M ooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo o t^-i-'-'OO int>m^ o-o « o a- o o^so uiu-»m'^i--^' -^oo roovo o-^o-o •- 't-^Ti- pll_HH1-.ooc^o^ o-oo oooot^r^r^r^inii-iu-iirjTi-Ti-^-.j-'^Tt-Tj-ThmN n n « nn n m >-> o o ■-• ■-' *•* Mcoro-t-rj--^-^ (/I « ►J V*"^C>^O00 "r^O O ^b ^>- ^Ov^OOO "b Vm"-- ^^-\0 ''in'O ^li-i^M ""n *"(*100 00 ^-h """« sO "o *"f^\D ^C>V*"ro^Tt-'"y-,^ V' W ^P^ V^'^V ^^ "^ ^^^O fosb b^Vf^N b b rniJ-iNobdb n « u-t^b vb ob r^ ^ b^ in ^ r^ob in ^no V^b ^ Vcb do ro b^ob -*■ io\b r^ n r*^^ ini^i^ in ^ mo M O -^N ^O mTj-cH .-. M o rommN 'i-M m mninroroN m m r^ ^ n n n ■+'-' •- ■-< O N O *^'-' M cn"i-Nro*+i- OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOODOOOOO r- r^-o r^ r-oo o ooo r^ r^ r^oo sO •* n m r^oo o ooor^m'+fON i- « mmrj- mvo i> o •-. o o o ooo o-Mn-^'^-'-'O 0'0'>CvO"b^^'<0^'^^0'n m m\0 >o ^ *0 m to »n\0 ^o sD sO ^ ^O sO m " " S c r^rnfnr^f^r^f*ir^<^c^copn(*)rocorororornroroc^r*^r^<^c^r^roc^rocor*^r^ 1 35° DISCOVERY REPORTS .2 a be n ^ <- K o §.2S o '^ (U .2 £i X O ir^^^^^tf)T^ J> ro Vcb K t-- n lo i-* o ;j-co *^ "^ '^ ir.oo sD r^.GO ONfTi oio-+roO*^''^OOOH-0^-' f^ I-. O fO u^co ON ir^ r^ O rl ■+ W-. t^OO O H-ViThinr^OO r*^-|-M OOOCO u-ir^N m 'O CO "io"on*"n "f^OO ^ "m W"u^"0 "m "ro^r^'o V^ 00 "^ m^ ^ r^ p Qv ^qq p n n p C> O- "l iTCO ^ N O f^vO ^^ P 7^" 9" ^' C" ^ob'1-rib^i-' '-■Nr~--'^"^0 "-■ "^ moo ro ro fO M fOsO O O ' oooooooooooooooooooooooon o o o o o o o o o sT) xTi-^ iTjvD r^OJ 00 \0 O -f- r^ CJ -t u-i\0 r--0 ^r-^N (*!-*- i/^wi-^fO- O O-O ro ■- — ■1- f-TO r^ N '-" t^ »0 C7> u-jOO -o >ixx. >^x;^;^vit-;xi^x>ix>^ invD vo r^ r^oo ooovoo o •- "-"Mnmc^-tJ-'^-u-, i/^\o ^o r^oo oo w.HM»-i»-MM-Hi-.r»NNNMNNMMNNNNMNMM M N fT) "^-O f*! _ __ J cO — NrOTh ino t^OO O' O -" M ro - V-. ,>. .-i V. «-, v^ .- >, ^. ^, -f ■+ -t •+ -i- "^ i*^ >^'^Cl "-NNMNMNNNNNr^rorOr-) U-) u^ IT) ifi iTi ir, ir-^r, ir, ir-, iri lo in u-i iri ir-> ir^ lA* U-, iri u^ iri lA irt ir-, U-, ir^ lA >r; IT) iri i^ \0 ^ >0 O sD ^O O O ^ ^O ^ O ^ \C ^ _ _ _ _ f^ -+• u-iso i^oo a- o I- <^ 't >n\o t^oo a- o N (^ ■+ in^c r^oo O^ O W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W pj tjj ^J ^J '-'-' ^^ 'JJ ^-"-'' y] rAi r/] rxi y^ (/: r/i (/j y-^ yj y, yj ^■' HH^Cnt/)(/J ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ^-C>i-ik--l-r^u-ir^rt-\O-'0mOG0r0N00io*+r^ "i-r^Tl-io ooooooooooooooooooooo tJ- N -i- d^ r^oo 00 M M r^ pj ro ooc ^o n n mo m, •- r^ ^ -fH-oooo ■+<^0 oooo CON r^oo r* r^ t^^o ■-' C^- ■- no H-u-jwir-^o^'+m N bo c o ^N VivO ^^H-^in^O^O ^r^^M ^N 00 ^i- O V" >n N r^ tJ-qo \0 ■+ N (TiQO O^ "^ m— O^m'-' N "t"!^ V'^ ^ ^^ ?* r* 9^ 7*" ^"'^ N N br^-i-m-l-ioN roin^O r^b nKm O mob bcOO boOO r^f^ mCC C^O •- r^OO b^ b- '-' N r--CO t-^l^i-Ht^O'-O'- •+0 O mc^N 'i-m-' ^H- o O r^O '-' mmH-r^« tJ-n>an m-*-0 O O N rh.-i rfminiom-t-'-' -^O r^uiN ■- mroN f^ ooooooocooocooo"oooooooooocooooooooooooooooooooooo Os Tt-o t^ O^ '- N ■»*■ O^ •-■ -^O 00 O r^O in in rnoo •- O O C>— <*if^'^'+'4"0 O* O^OO OOOO ■^mm^f'-'OOOO m--* O-O 1^00 ooooooo^O'O'O^O O O O O O o^<:> (:> O'CC oo oo oo insO ^rt-ri--^-^ri-mt^cnt^mr^m^r^r^tnr-)N m i- m >-< moo >- O roO r^O^r^f^^ moo t^ f: m Q- O mO m O^O 00 r^ N ■^OO O ■+ r^ ■-' m r^O moo O ^l-O O i- C-NO t^9 '^^ N NN NO 'l-rofM ^ O - - N -^ «*■ roOO r^^roN O^O N com OOOO NOOOOO CO OOO'-'Om'-'OOOOmmcoroN 30 ro^i-" r^o^t^Tj- rno Tt-Omm'+'^rorom'^>-i H- N ■^rO'^-tN M M inmroO mmm, inTj-o N 'J-N N N M N romO OOOO OOOO oooooooooo O ■^»*>N r^ro-^mm-^r^m'^in'-' O^O N m -^O f^NOO >- 0^t^'+<*)N r^r^f^r^N ro<^(^'1--+-1- -^O O^ r^ mO I^CC r^ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO w,\D O O O O O O mo m m in m, u-j in m in in m m m, m in m m, u-i in mO O O O O O y, y. y, y, y. X '^ v< >i y. y. y, y, y, y, y. X X y. 'A y, y, y, y, X. N N cn ■^ TJ- in ino O l^ O^ ► O >-" N (*i ^- mo 00 O •- N r*i ■^ m,o t^oo O O i-" N r*i ^ r^oo « n f^ ^ ino r^oo O <- N ro ^ ir)\0 r^oo C^ O ro "I" mo r^oc m m ty^ if) m ^fi ^^ m,>o ooooooooo ^^^^t^^^t^^^^^C'0^o^c^Q'0'Q'0'00 o o o o 0 o o o ■-' <- ^ ■- ^ ^ >-' APPENDIX 351 A o 3 i2 C o S ^ a o U o 0. M C o "« ^ O to C < .9 t be n DS o 'J o. o -zzzzzzzz^ ■2ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 0000000 O^ -H CO r^ M f^OO r^ in r^ N CO M 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 i^O^O^N M M ^N^ 1^00 O^-^O — Ol^f^r^ O-vO w-sD 00 N sO f^ COsO rn u-j f-^ iri N t*; r; r-; O 00 O f^ "lr)V~O^VcO V~0- Vo>"'- V"o "o ~nV'-i 'm ^ ~fn^ 'n~O>'0 ~N ~« "o ~O^CO "u-,"n ^ ^ V^ CO CO y~."'fri t^ t^ CM» t'.xO (-.nO O 00 t^ N «Nvb^-NNob^ 6-ob 6 in ro c^ M ^00 «Nvb>nN6K"^^-MC^~ob"N^~'nNi^ooO'l-■o•-"Oln^~^^ I^ !->^, N n O O ^ S S^. fi-f^0i-0-i-'l->nrnN0>n000-0N1--l-0i-N^inMN'l-^0NN')-0"C-)-+c^ AnnnnnnnooDOOOOOOOOOOOODOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00000000 in tn - o< %%V o oovOfnNoo^o^OMNm-)- m^o r- t> o o o o o ;)-oo N r- r- t^ i^ i-oo coooooooo-.j-)'l->n r~.oo rnr^f^NNNMN«M~M000O0000000000O0000--""""'-"'--"OO00000O0 c o 'Tl -J T^oo 00 o^oco iTirvOvO'O'H- r^'^c w. ■ 1/1 b^ f^ b^ - - - . - 0000 O so ^ sO o sD sd\o 00 ^D ^O 0\D vO 0\0 >6 xn xr, \r, \r^ \r, xr, ^ \r, \n yr^ ^ \r, xr. \r, ^^, xr, \ri ^r^ xt^ \r, xr. ^r^ u^^ xr, xr, \r. \r, \r, \r, xr. xr, \r, -r-r'r-ry.-A-AV.-A-i^ X OOod <>i:>6 O - N N r^f^-f'+u-, u-,\0 0000 O-O^OO ■-< "-■ C>0 ( „^Me-Nr^N^^NNNNMNMC^NNNNf^f*^^*^f*^Nf^ N r^ ^ u-iO r-OO 00 O^ O' O O rT n n on n k- m mm m^ MMMNNNNNMNNMf^r^ (-^00 ooooooooooco a^c^c^o^a•o^c^^-' •- -I •- I-" I-" '-' ■- N zzzz^;;^^ o o o o o o o OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO O O OOOOOOp OO 00=L- = ,^^,v,^N •tNl^MOOmN OO^l- NMMCOO''-' 1^00^ 0^'-»^»OMMMi-.n ■* m' •-«* f^ r^»£) in I^ "^ N "^ N M ""•+"0 >b '^'^-sD ^m"'-' O •- ■^00 O M c> r--so N r^ o r^ N O M w* ► 'ir^NO i-\^ Tj-r^iy, 000 O N mro TfvO O 7^*00 7*"0p O 9 ""o °N V^ o) °N ^f^ W^ So °- V^ «) °oo %%oo '"r-^ o) «3 So ^ ^ "m ^ V- "o °- "*" °- °N % N ^^''^''^Ci^iri Viij''";:''^;''^^ ?; [^ c» c» 00 00 00 o^ o^ o-^^i -o i^r-.i^(^t^r^r^r^r^i^i^r^i^i^i^t^ r^^o ^o^vovo^yD^ooo ^^^^2^2^^mmmI?m ^^b "--q^C'-to r^^p Nr^ o^0 O-f^NN^^^-Np^N pvO 9 ?* t* V^ P l^ ?"? T 9 $ ^ ^% ^J^SiC^N?0?- O ^ t^^-mt^ii-. ONNTf^OOi^O-ONroOr^ONu^Or^TfMMNinMinMN o o o o ^r^ V^^'r^'r^oft on "ovQO QO "r^ r^Y^OO r^ in -rh invO "1 ^t- M N <-. 'O 00 I^^ ^O u-i-O >0 "O "^ « '-' OOO W-^D 00 O'O N 'P!t!*""f'3"5'^ ;-; >^ ;^ X X >^ >< ov b b i-H ■-" M r^ r^o r>- r^oo' od n c^ f^ in ino r^co o* O O •-''-* ►■ M^?i) „HHMMH-NMNNNNNNNnf^ron M N r^ m u-jO \o r^ r^oo m n n r^ t(- Tt- in iriso ^ t-^ r^ N Tf ino r^oo !> o M (*^ tJ- m^ r^oo o^ O lllltllllllltltllllllflllllllltlllllllllll^^ 352 DISCOVERY REPORTS .2 a 05 o 5.- C c "« ■^ d -t r^oo t^ m -T! 00 - vOOOI^>^''"'OO^N M^r; N h-i N fO ro -^O }x) 'r^o V-\o 00 \D "m V-00 vo "'4- "-" c>co M p r^ p o y^ ^N'-'MN^m^-.'OOOOONr^i^'-''-'*'-'*^'-' "-H ly^ ir^ OsD -i-NO r^r^r^r^r-r^r^ r^oo oo oo oo r^ r-; a 'e^^ , sO -t N ^, fn « 0 0 -n ro r^ o o J c> r^ N t^oo o r^^ -^oo o^oo o ro o o* r^ ^ o^ ^'^ r^ -< r*^ t|- W-) O O O i/^-^rt-Tj-'^-rJ-u-jO W <~n- c 0 o o lOsD u-i u-i w M <- — wj O ■-■ a- - -1-^ o m -.MOO-'-' w,\0 OO N N -i-OI^I^ 00 M "1 1^ O N ■"■ t^nO 00 0-i.--Hr)NOOOO 'T O O O O O O O O O O O O O ^ - N o o o - ■/i y. y, X 6 6 '^ ^ 'y'y, y. y y y y y y. y -r^^yyyy.yxx r^^«■^-^-*:r^ «,v^^.^^rs i^ftT. rsDwMmir-, Uiu-.u^u-iiou-- sDsO'O'OsO-OvDsO^O OOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO "^Nr^ c « .2 Si bo rt 05 O O o zzzzzz ZZZZZZZZZZ-"^^^^^g^^^^^^S^^^S^^S^'^^SS^^^^^^^ ooooooooo< -a^Ni-'NOOr^NM' H- -. 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Hac«. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo o o o o o o o ----- Tl-00 r^ NOO f^ ^ -^vO NOO N i/^sO N f^ -i-vO « ^h - q^ ^ tJ- «_ tj- O^ •+■ N ■rj-h-i N "-, r^-i-^ M M NvO oooooooo »n N r^ m ^ vo N WWWUUUWWUUWUWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 00 "r^^N "o r^^t^Ov V.o ^r^^-t-V^T*-^ lO^t-OOOO tJ-oo u^ Oirit^^O r^ --l-sD !> t>*v£> 7" N C>sO CO Tt- « sD p vbvb *r-)- Ir-, ^K- U-, Kovb bob - m t-f-iN b-o vo K K ^6o Kcb 6 t-i6 oq j^f;-- o-r--t^t-i^-^o -^^ t-'sD ^ iTl ^ ■* \D cor^rocor^O ^COOO ^i/^^COOO ^O ^ "fO^H, ^O V^co^ ^ON^roO "« ^O- V"^ "o ^O GO "^ ^C>V^ro^N O ^O^ ro^N h- p CO 7I- inOO O y u^ N CO u^ O T*- ■^ fO lA O^ "^ 0-00 t^ <-■ OnO O 00 o ■^O ro'^n coroio^ so vO so NO >0 O vO so vO sO so NO ^ ,© vO sO sO nO sO sO sO sO nO sO nO sO -O sO u^ ^O i/lsO sOsOsOsOsOsOnOsOsDsOsOsOsOsOsOsOnOsO o c o o o N N CO CO 4 4 lA lAso nO so r^ r^od 060^0^60 h-^ncoco^tj-u^co^ u--so so i^ r^co ooononoo^;--mncoco'+ I- N "t ''-)sO t^ O *-« N CO »4- >OsD r^ On O N fO irivO 00 On '-' N ^ i'^ w O O O O O O NN NN NMNrlNcocororocorofOTj-^-Tl-'^- 00 O' - N 'i- in r^oo o '-' fo -"l- »nNO r^ on o n fo w-iso oo on o sD sD r^ r^ r^ t^ r^ r^oo oooooooooooooo O'OnonOnOnOnQno APPENDIX 355 b: 5 3§ c o o ft, a a, a, < ZZ2;ZZ2;ZZZZZZZ"ZZZZZZZZZ22ZZ^;ZZZ2ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo in li^ U-) lo u-j li-j iTj r^ '^t lo in i/~. 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3" " 'tN^00"^-1-r^N0«"-0-^w-0-NN00w^^^r^f^fOroMNN "H U-, \rt o f^'^f*!'^-^ 6 O N C^ \rt irt ^ O OOOOOOOOOOOOO"-" tri\D C^ M u-iOO O O O O O O^O^a^O^O^O'O^O^OO O O •- M 3"5^0 NTj-mr* nr^<-t^^_f^>l^>nlMlMh.tMlMHMHMHHM^OOOOOO»-<'HH■N«M N N M « N O O O O O O O N 01 N N O O ' Ti- t^ O O^ -^ ► sO O in tJ- r^ rovo mo mNM NvOOcn p-o ^- r>. r^ ^ K in r^db ►"" b ^ rn4b^io-r^f*^in4b •- b >- f^mO rnoo 00 m m m -i-O'-'OmO i-dmOrO'^mm'-MO'-'N^n-fl-'l-m'-'mN'-'O^'-' "u^^O ^-rl-vO >b ^r^O ■^^'-' N 0> rp\C> O CO O^O OO N ro O f*^ f^bb'^f^fob-r^bbro^4f^b'Nmr^cn mmmi-i n r*^ \ri "t f*^ '-' "-■ "^^no •- mmmo o o o o o o o o "mso r-'OO 00 O •-• N "rn'm tJ-'tj-'t^ -(j-'m m\0 t^O ■^ m N m O oo I^O m ro n m m. m m mso sOOO-OsDOsDOOvOvooOOOOvOO mmmmmir, inw, m M fn-t'+r^'-' O '- N ro-+mmmO •- « mm li-, u-^ in m m "■* m m I/'. >n m in m m m, in m > > > >.> .S.S:.>;.^.>i.^.^.^.S;.S;.^.^.^.«.«-^'^ ^.c.c > > > > > > ^> >>>>>>>>> m44mmoot^r^odod ddoo- H:NNmm44mmsdot^r^odd « ^«^^:f!f'!C"^^1^2^2SNMl^'^'2 ^ ino r- a O "-• N f^ »n t^oo o i- n ro ■* msc r-oo ^ O •- NNN(SNNN(NNNNNNNNNMNNMN«MNNMNNNNMNN(NWCN(N«(-i ^ mo i>oo o^ O "-" N m tno oo o^ •-' m ■* >no r^oo ^ O -- n f2 M-Hi-i-Hi-..-.NMr»NNNMNmrornmmmrnr22;3;3;3; NNNNNNNNNNN'""' 356 DISCOVERY REPORTS a X C Oh < C M .2 ii 05 o ^*^^>~<^^^y:^^^^Y:^/_^/^^^7^'-^^^^'^^^^^^^Si^nin{f2fS2^Ji^^^^^^^'^^^ /:^^^^4^ Colour units per ni.^ oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo O .- « K-00 lO-h-tO u-jr^OOO -^CC O^ N -f r^-O - "-CO - O "iN Or', - u-i\0 O OO^O -i-r^u-^O^OCC -t- u'-O 00 O -- « 't- t-^00 -iriO ->NC>f^"^-'N --f^MCjO^-i \C 0_0_0_ w-O -_ "^ ''1, N f^ lO ^ O 1^ r^^ y - c 0 c %°ov°i:>^o%^c>%^o'0'°o%'a-"o '^o ^o °o o o o "^b bo o o 'o "o o - n ro o m -^1- ii-,co 'c^c^c^c^c^c^c^c^a^c^c^ OOOOOOrioonOOOOOOQOOOOOCCOOOOOC'OOOOOOGOOOOOOOOO sO w^ N >- O^OO \0''^'^M ■-H o^Mm uto r^oo O O ■-■ rn -i- i/^ r^co O^ O^ O* 1^ r^sO lO -^ N >-■ o ooo r^\D w^ ro n <-■ o sO ^D \D 'O iTi w^ u-i u-j lo IT) lO -*• w~. i>"- >/^ i>"j "~i u"i u^sD OsO^O'O'O'O^O^DsO^O'O^O'O'C^O'O u-ju-jiriu-jiomu^iou^ c .9 N O *+■ io\D r^OO O O 1- M ro\D t^OO (?> 0 i-" N ro '^ >n\D t^oO On O - (^ ^ 1^00 O O - M to -t »^vO t^OO a> O •- N oo^o-o-oonD r^r^r^ r^co oooocco^^:^c^o^c^c^c^c^c^o^ooooooOl-'-'--''-'-•"H««l-fv^^J^^ c a .2 Ji OS 0 zzz;z;2Z2iz;z;zzzEzzz2Zz;zi^^z;2;z;z;;2;^-----^--'---^^^^--'^^c/2t/^ccc/:aj Colour units per m.' oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo (:> _ H. 00 N o^^o CO r^o t^ (*i r^ ro r^ o o^o c> -- go o -to -1- o r^oo o ci "-* -t ^-oo oo « o <*ioo Tf - oo m tj- r^oo c 1 M C O ■+ O O ^ m N ro^ t^r>0 <^0 Or^'tM O -*-^ ^ rnoo rt- U-) -4- N t^ ro OOO t^O N -+1:^0 fON Tj-roro-.^ ij-ifo \b r^^b >b ro in b ^ - f^ insb - i-sbo - - iorob b b MOO iri- romroN ■^NsboO rt-r^u->^N b -ivb^b b ro N- rOTt-^ o inin^-u-iN riO »ri- -H loO -^J-rofOu-irocor^Tl-'-J-fOcoN - O ''l-M - 0 O r^rounu-. i- O liOO "- ■- OCOOCOOCOOOOOOOOOOCiOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOO'-'OOOO'-'Cli'l*') r^OO O cO ■^^D OO OiO^OnO^N N r*i<*i(*imroN W N N N ■^O ^^0^^-' COtH^O»0^ Me^-HNOOOOOOOOOOOH-'^'-M«MMMMOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO-»HMMMM CO irioo oj r^ M ir^ r^co N ■+ o •-' ■- 00 Tt-^ r*N u-jt^ONMcc ooocc c>o r^oo r^ co r^ n n oo oo c>^ n « \o r^ r^ ^ r^Nr^Vb b r^b i^b ^ f^ob b ^ b b o b ob on^o f^vb ^ b^b^N^ ^ ^b^fn^bM^^i^db io^i-^b b-db -■Oro-^N mir^ioOnu^foOM'^'-'N'-' ■-' ONioO lO'-' -^uimN-^O Mm« Oro-- — >-' -• roromfOrJ-'^Tl-Ti-Tj-Tj-Tt-Tj-Tt-ioiriioinininwi UTO NNNNNNMNNMNNNMNNMNMNNNNMNMNNNMNNNNNNNNMNNNMNNN DISCOVERY REPORTS Issued by the Discovery Committee, Colonial Office, London on behalf of the Qovemment of the Dependencies of the Falkland Islands Vol. XXI, pp. i-vi TITLE-PAGE AND LIST OF CONTENTS CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1942 Price ninepence net CAMBRIDGE UNIFERSITT PRESS LONDON: BENTLET HOUSE NEW rORK, TORONTO, BOMBAY CALCUTTA, MADRAS: MACMILLAN All rights reserved PR! NTED IN GREAT BRITAI N BY LEWIS MA AT THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS DISCOVERY REPORTS Vol. XXI, pp. 1-226, plates I-IV Issued by the Discovery Committee, Colonial Office, London behalf of the Qovemment of the Dependencies of the Falkland IsUinds on STATION LIST 1931-1933 CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1941 Price thirty 'three shillings net CAMBRIDGE UNIFERSirr PRESS LONDON.- BENTLEY HOUSE NEW rORK, TORONTO, BOMSAr CALCUTTA, MADRAS: MACMILLAN TOKYO. • MARUZEN COMPANY LTD All rights rturved PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WALTER LEWIS MA AT THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS DISCOVERY REPORTS Vol. XXI, pp. 227-234, plates V, VI Issued by the Discovery Committee, Colonial Office, London on hehalf of the Qovernment of the Dependencies of the Falkland Islands A RARE PORPOISE OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC, PHOCAENA DIOPTRICA (LAHILLE, 1912) J. E. Hamilton, D.Sc. CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1941 Price tuio shillings net LONDON Cambridge University Press BENTLEY HOUSE, N.W.I NEW YORK • TORONTO BOMBAY • CALCUTTA • MADRAS Macmillan TOKYO Maruzen Company Ltd All rights reserved PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY LEWIS MA AT THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS DISCOVERY REPORTS Vol. XXI, pp. 235-260, plates VII, VIII Issued by the Discovery Committee, Colonial Office, London on behalf of the Qovernment of the Dependencies of the Falkland Islands THE ECHIURIDAE, SIPUNCULIDAE AND PRIAPULIDAE COLLECTED BY THE SHIPS OF THE DISCOVERY COMMITTEE DURING THE YEARS 1926 to 1937 A. C. Stephen, D.Sc. The Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1941 Price four shillings and sixpence net LONDON Cambridge University Press BENTLEY HOUSE, N.W.I NEW YORK • TORONTO BOMBAY • CALCUTTA • MADRAS Macmillan TOKYO Maruzen Company Ltd All rights reserved PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY LEWIS MA AT THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS DISCOVERY REPORTS Vol. XXI, pp. 261-356 Issued by the Discovery Committee, Colonial Office, London on behalf of the Qovernment of the Dependencies of the Falkland Islands PHYTOPLANKTON PERIODICITY IN ANTARCTIC SURFACE WATERS T. John Hart, D.Sc. CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1942 Price thirteen shillings and sixpence net CAMBRIDGE UNIFERSITT PRESS LONDON.- BENTLEY HOUSE NEW rORK, TORONTO, BOMBAY CALCUTTA, MADRAS: MACMILLAN All rights reserved Vl PRINTED IN GREAT ERITAI N BY LEWIS MA AT THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS .J.fi.- aiSMfriftitinirWt^iiiiiffliiffifi!