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DISEASES AND TREATMENT

OF THE

HORSE, COW AND HOG

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Diseases and Treatment

OF THE

Horse, Cow and Hog

BY

W. U. GORDON, V. 5S.

WINAMAC, IND.

LOEHRKE AND GORDON
PUBLISHERS WINAMAC, IND.
1914

COPYRIGHTED, 1914
BY Maine sf.
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TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC.

HE purpose of this book is to teach in a

plain and practical manner, those things

which are of greatest importance to the
breeder, stockman and farmer, that is of keeping
his stock in perfect condition, and the treatment
of their diseases. For the preparation of this
work, the author has taken great care to present
nothing which has not for its basis well deter-
mined scientific facts. An earnest effort has been
made to present these facts in as limited a space as
possible, and to use, wherever practicable, home
as well as medical treatment. It is believed that
every one interested in stock will find in this vol-
ume something of practical value. We will not
consume more space in introducing this work,
trusting that an examination will disclose sufh-
cient interesting matter to command the reader’s
attention, and that the use of this work will en-
able it to accomplish a useful mission, that of
preventing and curing sickness and disease.

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CHOKE

The causes of choking are feeding oats, wheat
chaff, eating greedily, bolting the feed, eating
apples or any foreign body that is not ground up
or of the proper shape. It will either lodge in the
opening of the throat or at the opening of the
stomach.

Symptoms—These vary owing to the position
of the object, if the object is lodged at the en-
trance of the throat, the animal shows great
distress, hurried breathing, frequent coughs, ex-
cessive flow of saliva, sweating, trembling and
often bloating. In the lower choke, the symptoms
are not so sure. After the horse has taken a few
swallows of food or water it is ejected through
the nose or mouth. It will show some distress,
cough, groan and nearly always bloat.

Treatment—lf the object is at the entrance you
should use some instrument to hold the mouth
open to protect the hand, and while the operator
trys to pull the object out you should have a helper
to manipulate the throat and press upward. If
the object cannot be removed through the mouth
it should be pushed on down as far as possible
and followed up with oil. If the object is near

3

4 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

the entrance of the stomach do not try to push
it down with the hose or a buggy whip, but take
' your time and soak it down with oil. Do not
use much at a time but use it often. There are
more animals killed with a buggy whip and hose
than with the choke proper.

COLIC

The disease of the horse which we most fre-
quently find is termed colic. This disease has
many remedies which are sure cures. But what
does colic mean? This is applied to all of the
organs of the abdominal cavity, which are accom-
panied by pain. If the horse has an overloaded
stomach, internal hernia, locked bowel, cramp or
any other disease of the liver or bladder, it is
called colic. Let us divide colic into five different
forms: First, spasmodic; second, flatulent ; third,
indigestion; fourth, impaction, and fifth, worm
colic.

SPASMODIC OR CRAMP COLIC

This form of colic is produced by contraction
or spasm of the small intestines. This is brought
on by driving a horse in cold rains, putting a hot
horse in cold drafts, by bad feeding, and large
drinks of cold water. Unequal nerve supply is
the cause of the cramp of the bowels. This is
more common in the high-bred horse than in the
heavy farm horse.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 5

Symptoms—lIf you will watch it closely, it is
no trouble to tell this form of colic. If the horse
is eating, he may stop eating and look at his sides,
stamp his feet. He will begin eating again but
the pain soon begins again. He paws, lies down
and rolls, begins to sweat and steam, tries to lie
on his back, and tries to make water very often
but makes very small quantity at a time. This
may be mistaken for kidney trouble, but is just
due to pain.

Treatmeni—lf you are not prepared for this
with a colic drench, you can give one-half pint
of whiskey in warm water. Jamaica ginger is
useful with a little soda in warm water or milk.
Rectal injections of warm soap and water are
useful. Use in a large syringe or with four or
five feet of rubber hose and a funnel. The end
of the insertion should be well greased and run
into the rectum from twelve to eighteen inches.
A very good spasmodic colic drench to keep on
hand is: Sulphuric ether, two ounces; opium,
one ounce; ginger, one ounce, and warm water,
one pint. Give four tablespoonfuls every thirty
minutes until relieved.

PLATULENCE: OR BEOAT: COLIC

The most frequent cause of this form of colic
is the changing of feed—new hay or grain, large
quantity of green feed, feed that has lain in the

6 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

manger and soured—bad teeth or horse going
without feed for a long time and then having
access to too much feed.

Symptoms—This form of colic does not come
as fast as spasmodic. At first the horse may lie
down or may not, the horse becomes dull, the pain
is continuous from the start, the belly becomes
enlarged, and by striking in front of the haunches
a drum-like sound is heard. If not soon relieved
it will begin to breathe hard, eyes become blood-
shot, loud heart beat, profuse sweating, trembling
of the front legs, staggering from side to side and
finally drops dead. The most prominent symptom
is the bloating.

Treatment—This must commence in time to
keep down any inflammation or to prevent rup-
ture. Give two tablespoonfuls of soda, one-half
pint of whiskey or dilute alcohol, and water one-
half pint. Charcoal is very beneficial. Always
give a physic as soon as possible. Raw linseed
oil and four tablespoonfuls of turpentine, or one
ounce of powdered aloes for a physic. Hot
applications to the abdomen are always of great
help.

IMPACTION

This disease is most always found in the winter
when the stock is on dry feed. It is caused by
feeding an over-amount of old, dry, hard hay or

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE v4

corn stalks, shredded fodder, deficiency of the
intestinal secretions, lack of water and want of
exercise.

Symptoms—Impaction is diagnosed by slight
abdominal pains which may disappear for a day
or two to reappear in more violent pain. The
feces are passed very often but very dry. The
animal paws, lies down, stretches out on his side,
and lies with feet extended; when it gets up it
always sits up like a dog. He makes water very
often which is due to the pressure against the
bladder. A horse may suffer from an impacted
bowel for a week and sometimes longer and
eventually recover, but as a rule death comes in
from twenty-four to forty-eight hours.

Treatment—This consists in an effort to move
the bowels and to keep down inflammation. Give
large physic as soon as possible; either of the
following is advisable: One quart raw linseed
oil and turpentine five tablespoonfuls, or Barba-
does aloes, one ounce; calomel, two drams, and
powdered nux vomica, 1 dram. Always give full
doses, as they are better than small ones given
often. It takes any kind of a physic twenty-four
hours to work so do not repeat under that time.
Give all the water it will drink. Rectal injec-
tions and light exercise are very beneficial. If
this treatment is carried out from the start most
cases will recover.

8 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

INDIGESTION

The principal cause of indigestion is bad
feeding, anything irritating, imperfect, unripe,
damaged food,: sudden changes in feed, and
worms, are very good causes. Working the
horse too hard, lack of care and poor feeding
are weakening on the digestive organs and bring
about indigestion. In the foals it generally
starts from the dam.

Symptoms—Indigestion starts with an irregu-
lar appetite. At times the animal refuses all its
feed and at others it eats ravenously. The appe-
tite is not only irregular but is often depraved.
There is a disposition on the part of the horse to
eat unusual substances, such as wood, soiled
bedding or even its own feces. One day the
bowels are loose and the next day they are tight.
Grain is often passed whole and the hay comes
in balls not digested at all. The animal loses
flesh and the hide becomes tight. Then come
the colicky pains and if these are let run, inflam-
mation sets in and death follows.

Treatment—One should begin with the feed-
ing—its quality, quantity and time of feeding;
examine the water fully, and always see that the
animal has water before feed. Examine the teeth
and locate the seat of the trouble. If worms are
the cause of the trouble they should be removed
by the proper treatment, as seen elsewhere. If

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 9

colicky pains begin, give the following: Baking
soda, powdered ginger and gentian equal parts.
Give two tablespoonfuls in warm water every
thirty minutes until relieved. The following is
a good indigestion tonic: Glauber salts, two
pounds; common salt, one pound; baking soda,
one-half pound. Give one tablespoonful in each
feed.
WORM COLIC

There are many parasites that reside in the
intestinal tract of the horse. There is the tape-
worm, which is easily recognized if once seen.
It is long, round and flat jointed and often from
twenty to thirty feet in length. The intestinal
worms are most commonly seen and are white
or reddish in color and from four to twelve inches
in length. They infest the small intestines. The
small round worms infest the rectum.

Symptoms—lIf the infestation is great we may
have colicky pains or there may be only switch-
ing of the tail or rubbing of the rump against
the stall or passing manure often. The animal
is in poor condition, does not shed his coat, pot-
bellied, the appetite is poor, eats dirt, craves salt,
or constipation or diarrhoea may be noticed. We
may find white spots on the anus, but the best
and surest way is to see the worms.

Treatment—Treatment is much more success-
ful after a long fast and the worm medicine,

10 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

followed by a physic. The best worm medicine
is: Turpentine, santonin, tartar emetic, creolin,
and infusions of tobacco. For tape worms give
areca nut, male fern, or pumpkin seeds. If the
horse is troubled with round worms, give one
ounce of turpentine in two or three ounces of
raw linseed oil, two or three times daily, and
follow the fourth day with a physic. If the horse
has rectal worms give injections of tobacco for
a few days and follow the fourth day with a
physic.

INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER
OR HEPATITIS

The symptoms are dullness, constipation and
clay-colored dung balls, scanty and highly colored
urine, and internal pain in general. If examined
closely he is swollen on the right side over the
last ribs and he always lies on his left side and
turns his head back to his right side. Lameness
in front and of the right leg mainly. At the end
he staggers and reels and falls backward and
dies in one of these fits.

Causes—The most general cause is over-feed-
ing in hot weather with little exercise. The
mechanical causes are worms in the liver, in-
juries to the right side over the liver, foreign

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 11

bodies that have entered the stomach and passed
into the liver and sometimes it comes from in-
inflammation of some adjoining part inside.

Treatment—First a good physic that will work
on the liver—aloes is preferable. Blood-letting
is advisable if the animal is strong enough, four
or five quarts out of the jugular vein. Table-
spoonful of Glaubers salts in bran mashes or
some soit food. If recovery takes place be care-
ful and give plenty of exercise for some time.

BLOODY URINE OR HEMATURIA

In the horse bloody urine is usually the result
of direct mechanical injuries, sprains, or frac-
tures of the loins, or irritation caused by stone
in the kidney, ureter, bladder or urethra. It may
occur with acute congestion of the kidneys or
diseased growth in the bladder. The urine may
be streaked with blood or it may appear in small
clots. If the cause comes from the kidneys it
will be mixed with the urine and if it is from
the bladder it will come in clots.

Treatment—The disease being due to direct
injury, treatment will consist in removing the
cause whenever possible and then apply styptics.
Irritants in the food must be avoided, sprains
treated according to the condition and stone in
the bladder or urethra removed. Give mucilagi-
nous drinks, as slippery elm or linseed tea, and

12 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

some of the following styptics: Tincture of
chloride of iron in three-dram doses or oil of tur-
pentine in one-ounce doses. If the discharge is
great apply cold water to the loins and keep the
animal perfectly quiet.

AZOTURIA

This disease is known by many different names
—Azoturia, Bloody Urine, Black Water, Monday
Morning Disease, Kidney Trouble and Hemo-
globinuria. This disease can be kept off by proper
feeding as the cause comes from standing in the
stable eating rich feed and no exercise. It never
occurs when the animal is at pasture or at daily
work. The poisoning is not present when the
animal leaves the stable, but starts after it has
gone the first hundred yards or half-mile. It
seems that the veins are full of rich blood and
the kidneys cannot carry off the poison fast
enough. Mares are more subject to this disease
than geldings because they are more excitable.

Symptoms—In mild forms the animal may
appear to just be lame in one hind limb. In severe
forms the animal leaves the stable playing, but
before it has gone many paces it begins to sweat,
get stiff behind and seems to have lost all life.
It will tremble, heave in the flanks, dilate its nos-
trils, breathe hard, the muscles in the region of
the loin become rigid, he soon becomes crouched

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 13

behind and soon goes down, not able to hold up
his weight on the hind linzbs. When the animal
is down it is continually in a jerk, the eyes become
red and if the urine is passed or drawn it is dark
brown, red or black. It may end fatally in a few
hours or recovery will begin at once. If the
animal lies long he may have a paralysis of the
hind limbs which may last for months.

Prevention—The animal when at rest should
have its ration cut down almost half, and should
have some daily exercise, and above all, keep its
bowels in good condition.

Treatment—In mild cases the animal should
have good laxative such as raw linseed oil in pint
doses with two tablespoonfuls of turpentine to
the pint. When the animal starts to get stiff it
should be stopped at once. Don’t try to move it
to a barn until all the stiffness leaves. In severe
cases always give a good physic such as raw oil
or aloes in six-dram doses. Draw the water and
keep the animal perfectly quiet and warm. Use
hot applications across the region of the kidneys
and give one ounce of saltpetre three times daily
and repeat your physic every two days until the
animal is ready for work. After your hot appli-
cations bathe the rigid muscles with a stimulating
liniment, as equal parts of aqua ammonia and
sweet oil. When the patient is down, do plenty
of rubbing and moving of the legs.

14 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE
KIDNEYS OR ACUTE NEPHRITIS

Inflammation of the kidneys may be divided
into two forms—acute and chronic.

Causes—The causes of this disease are varied.
Congestion occurs from the bad products passed
through these organs during the recovery from
inflammation of other organs and during fever,
diseases of the bladder preventing the escape of
urine from the kidneys and causing fullness will
cause inflammation. The bacteria passing up-
ward from the bladder to the kidneys is another
cause. The eating of irritant food, the absorp-
tion of blisters placed over the kidney, and
administration of medicine, the presence of stones
in the kidney and infliction of blows or sprains
over the loins may produce inflammation.

Symptoms—More or less fever, stiffness of
the back, straddling gait in the hind limbs, dif-
ficulty*in lying down and getting up, arching of
the loins, looking back’ at the abdomen as if in
colicky pains, and tenderness of the loins to
pinching. The urine is passed often and is some-
times streaked with blood or even pus. The legs
swell from the foot up and sometimes swelling
is seen under the abdomen.

Treatment—If the cause can be found, remove
it first. Let the bowels do the work of the kid-

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 15

neys by giving a physic of castor oil, as this
physic will act less on the kidneys. There can
be from four to five quarts of blood drawn if the
animal is not weak or has no fever. The pain
may be stopped by giving dram doses of bromide
of potassium. Use boiled flaxseed in the drink-
ing water and hot towels over the region of the
loins. When the action of the bowels is started
they may be kept moving by giving four to five
ounces of Glaubers salts each day.

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE
KIDNEYS

This will start the same as the acute, but can-
not be stopped so easily. It may start from blows,
injuries, or it will be connected with faulty con-
ditions of the system, as indigestion, heart dis-
ease, or imperfect blood formation. It is rather
an attendant on some constitutional disease than
in a simple local injury. :

Symptoms—The symptoms may include stiff-
ness, weakness, sensibility over the loins, and
modified secretion of the urine. Dropsy, swollen
legs, scurvy, unthrifty skin, inability to stand
work, poor or irregular appetite, loss of fat or
flesh, and often skin eruptions of various kinds.

Treatment—This is not always satisfactory as
the cause may be in some other part of the sys-
tem. If any disorder can be detected it should

16 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

be treated first. Give tonics first. Give the fol-
lowing: Phosphate of iron, two drams; nux
vomica, twenty grains; powdered gentian root,
four drams. Give this amount daily. If there
are any of the acute symptoms such as tender-
ness of the loins use the same treatment as in the
acute form. Always clothe according to the
season and have plenty of fresh air.

EVERSION OF THE BLADDER.

This can only occur in the female. It consists
in the turning of the organ outside in through
the channel of the urethra so that it appears as
a pear-shaped mass hanging from the floor of the
vulva and protruding externally through the lips.
It varies in size from that of your fist to that of
a baby’s head. The urine may ooze out around
it drop by drop. This condition comes from a
bad condition of the bladder, the result of par-
alysis, over-distention or from difficult parturi-
tion. To replace this it should be washed with a
solution of one ounce of laudanum and a tea-
spoonful of carbolic acid to a quart of warm
water and returned with the hand if possible; if
not, it should be wound tight with a two-inch
bandage so as to diminish the large bulky mass
and then pushed back with some rounded object.
After it is returned the straining can be kept in
check by giving laudanum in one or two-ounce

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 17

doses or by applying a truss of some kind to
press on the lips of the vulva. The animal should
be placed with the front feet a few inches lower
than the hind ones.

DISCHARGE OF URINE BY THE NAVEL
OR PERSISTENT URACHUS

This occurs only in the new-born and is the
nonclosure of the natural channel through which
the urine is discharged into the outer bag in fetal
life. At birth this channel is supposed to close
and the urine take its natural course. Imper-
fect closure is more frequent in the male than in
the female. In the female the water passes in a
few drops and in the male it flows in a stream.
The first thing is to pass a human catheter and
see that everything is open and then take a waxed
thread carried through the tissues with a needle
and tie it around the navel cord so as to envelop
as little of the skin as possible. If a long navel
cord is present you can tie around it. It is im-
portant to tie as soon as possible to prevent in-
flammation of the navel from the contact of the
urine. In the summer a little carbolic acid water
or tar water should be used to keep off the flies.

TUMOR IN THE NOSTRILS
A small tumor is often found in the false nostril
which rises and falls when the horse is exerted.

This tumor contains matter or a cheesy pus.
2

18 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

Treatment—lIf the tumor is well opened and the
matter squeezed out nature will perform a cure.
The opening should be made on the inside. Get
the animal quiet and if necessary put a twitch on
the ear or lower jaw, run one finger against the
tumor and open with the opposite hand. Make
the opening large enough to allow all the pus to
escape. Do not be alarmed if you get a little
blood for it will stop in due time. Squeeze the
pus out and keep the wound clean.

COLD IN THE HEAD’ GR Nivsnae
CATARRH

In nasal catarrh the inflammation may extend
from the membrane lining of the nose to the
throat and eyes. The causes are general and it
almost always appears in young animals.

Symptoms—At the beginning the membranes
are dry, congested and of a pinkish red color.
Soon a watery discharge makes its appearance
from the eyes and nostrils, the animal has some
fever, is dull, sneezes and snorts. He expels the
air through the nostrils the same as if he was
blowing his nose. A few days after the attack
begins the discharge changes to thick yellowish
pus. Often the appetite is lost and the animal
becomes debilitated.

Treatment—This disease is not serious if taken
care of, but bad treatment or neglect may lead to

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 19

some other disease or cause this to become
chronic. A few days’ rest with pure air and good
food is generally better than medicine. Steam-
ing is very beneficial. Put a little dry hay in a
large wooden bucket with one ounce oil of tur-
pentine and two ounces oil of tar and pour over
this boiling water and let the animal inhale the
steam, very slowly at first, but after he has taken
it awhile you can cover his head and let him have
all that he can get. This can be repeated three or
four times daily if necessary. Keep the bowels
in good shape, and attention should be paid to the
diet—bran mashes, scalded oats, linseed gruel or
grass, if in season. If the horse will not eat this
let him have any kind of food rather than keep
him on short rations. This is all that is needed
in mild cases, but if it continues to get worse,
give four-ounce solution of acetate of ammonia
and three drams of powdered chlorate of po-
tassium in a pint of warm water three times daily
as adrench. Be careful in drenching an animal
with sore throat; do not hit his throat to make
him swallow, but take your time and do it right.

SORE THROAT OR LARYNGITIS

The larynx is situated in the space between the
lower jawbones just back of the root of the
tongue. Posteriorly it opens into and is con-
tinuous with the windpipe. It dilates and con-

20 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

tracts to a certain extent and regulates the
amount of air passing through it. The mucous
membrane lining it is so highly sensitive that if
the smallest particle of food happens to drop into
it from the pharynx the animal will cough vio-
lently until the source of irritation has left. The
larynx is a provision of nature to prevent foreign
substances from getting into the lungs. Inflamma-
tion of the larynx is always known as sore throat
and is caused principally by chilling and exposure.
Symptoms—The first symptoms will be cough-
ing followed by difficulty in swallowing, which
is due to the soreness of the membranes which
may cause much pain. In many cases it becomes
so sore that the food and water is returned
through the nose. The head is more or less
poked out and the glands between the lower jaw-
bones and below the ears may be swollen. The
membrane in the nose becomes red and a dis-
charge from the nostrils soon appears. Pressure
on the throat will cause coughing. As the dis-
ease advances the breathing becomes noisy and a
harsh snore is heard with every respiration. The
breathing becomes hurried and sometimes the
animal is threatened with suffocation.
Treatment—Steam the nostrils with tar and
turpentine and cause as much of the steam to be
inhaled as possible. Place the animal in comfort-
able quarters, clothe according to the weather,

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 21

bandage the legs, and keep plenty of fresh air.
The diet should consist of soft food as, bran
mashes, scalded oats, linseed gruel and best of
all grass, if in season. The place to eat should
always be about the same height that the ani-
mal holds its head. If the glands are swollen
they should be bathed with the following lini-
ment: Two ounces olive oil, one ounce each of
solution of ammonia and tincture of cantharides,
and four ounces of water. Bathe twice daily.
If necessary you can blister the swollen parts
and as soon as it is drawn to a head it must
be opened and treated the same as any abscess.
The best internal treatment is: Three ounces
vaseline, one ounce oil of tar, one dram tincture
of aconite, three drams of sulphur; mix and put
a tablespoonful well back on the tongue after each
feed. In bad cases, where suffocation is near,
you should have some competent surgeon to put
a tube in the windpipe.

CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS

Congestion is an excess amount of blood in
the blood vessels that lead to the lungs. Con-
gestion of the lungs in the horse, when it exists
as a disease of itself, is generally or always caused
by over exertion, when the animal is not in fit
condition to undergo it. In most cases what is
recognized as congestion is nothing more than

hie COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

exhaustion. The animal should always be put
in condition before hard work is started. If a
horse is kept in the stable for the purpose of
putting on flesh and then taken out and given a
hard drive, he may start off in high spirits, but
soon become exhausted, and if pushed will slacken
his pace, show a desire to stop, stagger and even
fall. On examination the nostrils are dilated, the
flanks heaving, the countenance haggard and has
the appearance of suffocation. The heart is not
accustomed to the severe strain put on it and it
becomes unable to care for the blood which is
accumulated in the lungs and brings on conges-
tion. The animal may return to the stable with-
out any alarming symptoms, but as soon as it is
placed in the stall it will stand with its head down,
legs spread out, the eyes wildly staring or dull
and sunken, the breathing very rapid, the body
is covered with sweat which soon evaporates and
leaves the surface of the body, the legs and ears
cold. This disease is very often followed by more
serious ones.

Treatment—lf the animal is attacked with this
disease on the road, do not attempt to return to
the stable, but stop no matter where you are. If
he is in the stable you must supply him with an
unlimited amount of fresh air. If the weather
is warm put him out of doors, keep him perfectly
quiet for he has all he can do to get his breath.

.
ee

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE ee

Rub the body well and keep up all the circulation
possible and give one-half pint of whiskey in
warm milk every hour. If this is not at hand give
two oz. turpentine in a pint of warm milk, but do
not repeat. Two oz. each of nitrous ether and —
alcohol in a pint of water is the most helpful medi-
cine. When the animal is in shape for use again
he should be put in condition before hard work.
HEAVES OR ASTHMA

There is a great difference among horsemen
and veterinaries in regard to heaves. There are
many causes for this disease, such as feeding of
dusty hay, bad straw or moldy feed of any kind
and keeping the horse in a dusty place. Horses
brought from a high to a low level are predis-
posed. This disease affects the digestive tract
and the lungs.

As for a cure there is none. All that can be
done is to feed damp feed and keep the animal
able for work. Fowler’s solution of arsenic given
in the feed twice daily is very beneficial. The
heaves can be shut down for a while and the ani-
mal will appear well for a while, but this is in-
jurious to the animal, and we will not prescribe
for this.

BLEEDING FROM THE LUNGS OR
BHEMOPT YSIS

An accident or over-exertion may rupture a

blood vessel of the lungs and cause bleeding, but

24 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

it generally follows pneumonia, influenza, bron-
chitis or congestion of the lungs. Pneumonia may
follow a ruptured blood vessel or the blood may
fill up the bronchial tubes and cause suffocation.
When bleeding comes from the lungs it is accom-
panied by coughing, the blood is frothy, bright
red in color and comes from both nostrils. If
the bleeding is from the lungs a gurgling or
rattling sound can be heard by placing the ear
over the windpipe. When this comes in connec-
tion with other diseases it needs but little atten-

tion. When it comes from other causes the

animal should be kept quiet and given one dram
of acetate of lead dissolved in one pint of warm
water, or you can give one ounce of tincture of
perchloride of iron in water in place of the lead.
Hemorrhage of the lungs may occur and cause
death without the least sign of the discharge of
blood from the nostrils.

THUMPS
OR SPASM OF THE DIAPHRAGM

Thumps are often mistaken for palpitation of
the heart and they must not be looked upon as
the same. Thumps in the animal are the same
or similar to hiccoughs in man. If this is watched
closely there should be no trouble in distinguish-
ing this from palpitation of the heart. The
jerky motion affects the whole body in thumps.

‘

———.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 25

If one hand is placed over the heart and the
other over the last ribs you will find the same
jerk both places and the heart action will be
weaker than normal.

Treatment—The treatment should be similar
to that of congestion of the lungs. Antispas-
modics, such as one ounce of sulphuric ether in
warm water or three drams of asafetida in warm

milk,

DISPEMPER OR STRANGLES

This is an infectious disease of the horse and
is most frequently seen in young animals and
one attack usually protects the animal from any
future trouble of this kind. It begins as a fever
and usually in a few days it forms an abscess
in some portion of the air passages and often
in other parts of the body.

Causes—It generally comes from the animal
coming in direct contact with a sick horse or
being where there has been a sick one. An
animal very seldom has this disease after it is
past the age of six. The most common way of
the horse getting this disease is to take a young
horse from the country to a city and leave him
in some public hitching place. It is usually from
two to four days after exposure before the animal
takes the disease.

Symptoms—At first the animal becomes slug-

26 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

gish, goes off its feed, is very thirsty, eyes water,
has a light cough which becomes more severe as
the disease advances. In a few days there is a
watery discharge from the nostrils which soon
becomes more thick and sticky and finally forms
a yellowish pus. Soon after the discharge is seen,
a swelling comes under the jaw, which is very
hot at first but after treatment there is pus formed
and if not opened it will finally break. After the
pus is well formed the fever generally leaves.
Old horses might have this disease, but it is al-
ways ina light form. If this disease is not taken
care of there is much danger of complications.
Treatment—The ordinary case of distemper
needs but little treatment outside of soft feed
and protection from bad weather. If the animal
has much fever give quinine in dram doses and
keep the bowels loose. Steaming the head with ~
tar and turpentine in a bucket of hay and hot
water, cleanses the head and eases the cough.
The swelling of the glands should be poulticed
but not blistered. As soon as the swellings be-
come soft they should be opened. For prevention
and cure of light cases give the distemper pre-
scription, given in the back of this book.

INFLUENZA

Influenza is a contagious and infectious fever
that affects the horse, ass, and mule. After the

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE OT

animal has one attack it usually protects it from
any further trouble, but it is possible for it to
have a second one. This is more common in the
young horse that is taken from the farm into the
cities, especially those that go through the stock-
yards or those that are shipped in a dirty stock
ear. After this disease starts through a stable,
where there are more horses, as a rule every
horse will have it.

Symptoms—After a well horse is exposed to
this disease it usually takes from three to seven
days for the symptoms to develop. This may run
a simple course and the animal may never go off
his feed, or it may develop in the fever form
from the beginning. The first noticeable symp-
toms are high fever, chills of part or all of the
body, the patient pays no attention to any noise,
_ the body temperature runs from 103 to 107 F.,
the hair becomes dry and rough, the breathing
becomes hard, and patient has a very staggering
gait when he is made to move. We may have
complications with this disease such as compli-
cations of the intestines, lungs, brain, pleura,
and of the heart. Influenza is never very serious
only when we have complications.

Treatment—lf the appetite remains good, give
a moderate quantity of sound feed, and always
grass, if in season. The patient should be placed
in a well ventilated box stall, away from all other

28 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

stock. Give cold water injections to reduce the
temperature. If he becomes cold rub him well
with some weak liniment and put on a heavy
blanket. Give quinine in one-dram doses three
times daily. In case of weak heart give digitalis.
When recovery has begun and the animal is very
weak give one-half pint of whiskey or brandy
three times daily. Always use our distemper
powder all through the disease.

ABORTION

Abortion is the expulsion of the impregnated
ovum at any time after the impregnation, before
the foal can live out of the womb. If the foal is
advanced enough to live it is premature parturi-
tion or birth and may occur as early as the tenth
month or three-hundredth day.

The mare may abort from many causes, such
as inflammation of the internal organs (bowels,
kidneys, bladder or lungs), diarrhoea, constipa-
tion, bad food, indigestion, blows to the abdomen,
rapid riding or driving, shipping, bleeding, trav-
eling or pulling on muddy roads, slipping or
falling, eating rye, frosted foods, bad water, and
bad condition of the dam.

The symptoms vary according to the time of
the abortion, if it occurs as early as the first
month, there is but very little change only that the
mare comes in heat. If it occurs later there will

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 29

be more general disturbances and the process will
resemble normal parturition. There will be
straining and swelling of the vulva with mucous
or bloody discharge, the abdomen drops, the
flanks fall in, the udder fills, the mare becomes
restless, paws, looks at her sides, switches her
tail, moves around uneasily, lies down, gets up
and as in natural foaling, she will expel some
mucus and blood and then the water and finally
the foetus. This may take up some time. If the
foetus is not coming right, it will have to be
straightened, the same as in difficult foaling.
Abortion may be followed by flooding, retention
of the afterbirth, and whites. The most impor-
tant part is to notice this as soon as possible and
prevent it by removing the cause, if possible.
Treatment—Should be preventive if possible.
Always avoid diarrhcea, constipation, indigestion,
painful operations and slippery roads. When
abortion is near at hand the mare should be
placed in a dark roomy box stall and the strain-
ing stopped as soon as possible by giving some
sedative. Laudanum is usually given in from
one to two-ounce doses, according to the size of
the patient, and repeated in from four to five
hours, if necessary. When everything fails and
miscarriage proceeds, all you can do is to assist
in removing the foal and its afterbirth. In bad
cases it is necessary to use antiseptic injections

30 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

into the womb to prevent any form of poisoning.
This is less frequent in the mare than in the cow.
After abortion there should be a general cleaning
with antiseptics which will prevent it from be-
coming contagious among your stock.

AVERSION OF THE WOMB

When the womb fails to contract after difficult
parturition, the after-pains will sometimes cause
the womb to evert back through the vagina until
the whole organ appears externally and hangs
down on the thighs. When the womb is returned
it is most easily done in a standing position. The
womb should be washed clean and some kind of
a clean sheet placed over it to prevent any foreign
bodies from going back with it. You should have
an attendant to hold it up while you begin to put
it back at the loose part next to the vagina.
There is no danger as long as you do not rupture
the delicate covering of it. After it is well in it
should be carefully moved backward and down
until it drops back to its place. There can be
three or four stitches taken in the vulva or you
can use some form of a truss made out of two
ropes which will help keep the animal from ex-
pelling the organ. If the straining keeps up, you
can give opium in dram doses in warm water or
chloral hydrate in ounce doses in one-half pint
of warm water.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE a

SUN STROKE OR HEAT STROKE

This term does not only apply to the direct rays
of the sun, but exhaustion produced by violent
work in hot weather, such as racing, or the use
of draft horses in the heat without the proper
care, and water.

Symptoms—Sunstroke comes on suddenly.
The animal stops, drops its head, begins to stag-
ger and soon falls unconscious. The pulse is
very slow and irregular, sweat breaks out in
patches and the temperature sometimes runs as
high as 109 degrees F. [If this is not treated at ©
once, the animal will die without regaining con-.
sciousness. Heat exhaustion comes on more
slowly. The animal seems tired and has to be
urged along. The sweat checks, the gait is
awkward, he pants, the eyes are bloodshot and
he soon falls. It takes some time for recovery,
if it is treated successfully.

Treatment—In both forms, use cold water or
ice packs on the head and spine and spray the
body all over with cold water. Give half-pint
of whiskey in warm milk and repeat every hour
with half this much until the temperature is down
and the pulse slower and stronger. Give tonics
while the animal is recovering, as sulphate of
iron, one ounce; powdered ginger, two ounces;
powdered gentian, two ounces, and ground flax-

32 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

seed meal to make one-half pound. Give table-
spoonful in each feed.

FORAGE POISONING
OR CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS

This comes in all localities and consists in a
poisoning from the food or water. It comes from
bad ensilage, bad corn, brewer’s grain, bad oats,
pond water, and the most important one is from
the grass. Horses and mules of all ages are
subject to this disease,

Symptoms—From the first the animal has a
staggering gait, weak, hard for it to swallow,
bad eyesight, twitching of the muscles and severe
lameness behind, especially in grass poisoning
In fatal cases, the whole body becomes paralyzed,
and the animal becomes delirious. Death usually
comes in these cases in from twenty-four to
thirty-six hours.

Treatment—In the worst cases the treatment
is of but little benefit. If the animal is able to
swallow, give six ounces of whiskey in a pint of
warm milk. If he is delirious, let him smell of
weakened aqua ammonia. In the lighter cases
the animal should be given a heavy physic
followed with two grains of strychnine twice
daily. When the patient begins to eat let him
have any kind of food he can eat. Any kind of
nourishment he will take and plenty of fresh

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 33

water. Keep him in a good clean place with
plenty of fresh air.

RUETURE OF AN ARTERY

If a large artery is ruptured, it does not take
long for death to follow. Rupture may be pro-
duced by mechanical violence or accidentally.

Symptoms—In fatal cases where there is
much bleeding the animal becomes weak, the
breathing hurried, eyes dilated, staggering in
gait, fainting and then death. When there is a
limited amount of hemorrhage, it may not be
noticeable, but if it is near the surface of the
body it will form a swelling or a bunch similar
to a tumor.

Treatment—lf the artery is on the outside it
should be tied or wrapped tight with a bandage.
When the artery is deep-seated you should give
large doses of ergot or tannin to contract the
blood vessels. Give the animal as much cold
water as possible and plenty of nourishing food.

TORN) EYELIDS

The eyelids are torn by getting caught on nails,
racks or mangers, on fences, hame hooks, or
other parts of the harness.

Treatment—It should begin as soon as pos-
sible, the edges should have all hair trimmed off

and washed thoroughly before it is sewed.
3

34 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

Twitch the animal and it can be sewed as well as
any other part of the body. Be sure and get the
edges even and the stitches pulled tight. After
it is sewed it should be washed twice daily with
a carbolic acid solution.

SPLINT

The splint is a bony growth found on the
cannon bone, between the knee or hock and fet-
lock joint. They are most commonly found on
the inside of the leg, but exceptionally found on
the outside. They vary in size, ranging from
that of a large nut to that of a small one. In
searching for them they are very readily felt
by running the hand down the leg.

Symptoms—A splint may frequently be the
cause of lameness, but not always. If this is the
case, it is very easily detected as the animal
throws the leg out when it trots.

Cause—The most common causes are from
hurts, licks from the opposite foot or bruises of
any kind. Another common cause is the using
of the animal at hard work, while it is too young,
or hard pulling when it is not able for it.

Treatment—A splint will very often leave
without any treatment. The first advisable treat-
ment is the bathing of the leg with tincture of
iodine. If it does not respond to this, use can-
tharides or biniodide mercury blister. If this is

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 35

without success take the animal to some compe-
tent veterinary and have it fired.

RINGBONE

A ringbone is a bony growth which extends
around, or partly around, the coronary band or
top of the hoof. Owing to the location it is
divided into three classes: high, middle, and low.
The high and middle hardly ever extend around
the foot.

Cause—As with splints, it may result from
severe labor in early life, or caused from bruises,
blows, sprains, injuries to the tendons, ligaments,
or joints. It may be caused by disease of the foot
or may be hereditary.

Symptoms—A horse may come out of the
stable very lame, but after it has been used a
short time it goes sound. The size of the ring-
bone does not determine the amount of lameness,
for the smallest ringbone sometimes causes the
lamest horse.

Treatment—The preventive treatment con-
sists in keeping the colt’s feet well trimmed and
properly balanced.

As long as there is inflammation a sharp Dlis-
ter of cantharides or biniodide of mercury will
do good if the animal is allowed to rest for four
or five weeks. If this is not a satisfactory treat-
ment the firing iron must be resorted to.

36 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

SIDEBONES

A sidebone consists in the hardening of the
lateral cartilages found on the wings of the coffin
bone. Sidebones are most always found on the
front feet, but occasionally on the back ones.
They are of little importance on the hind ones.
A sidebone causes no lameness, only when it
interferes with the action of the joint.

Cause—Sidebones often come on heavy horses
without any apparent injury. Blows or other in-
juries to the cartilage may set up an inflammation
and terminate in these bony growths. They are
often seen in connection with contracted heels,
ringbones, punctured wounds of the foot, quarter
cracks, and sometimes follow founder.

Symptoms—In the earlier stages of the dis-
ease, if inflammation is present, the only evidence
of the trouble to be detected is a litle fever over
the seat of the affected cartilage and a slight
lameness. In the lameness of sidebones the toe
of the foot strikes the ground and the step is
shorter than normal. The animal comes out of
the stable stiff, but is more free after exercise.

Treatment—As soon as the disease can be de-
tected, cold water bandages are to be used for a
few days, to relieve the fever and soreness. This
should be followed with a good blister. If this
does not stop the lameness the firing iron must
be resorted to.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 37

SPAVIN

This affection is a bony growth of the hock
joint. It is generally located on the interior of
the joint, but it is possible for it to be on the out-
side. The hock may be spavined and all of the
outward appearances may be normal. This is
termed a blind spavin, or jack. In the horse
world, a spavin and jack are termed the same.

Causes—There are many, of which I will men-
tion a few: sprain, violent efforts in jumping,
galloping or trotting under the whip or spur, ex-
ertion of starting a heavy load, a misstep, slip-
ping on an icy surface, slipping with worn shoes
on a bad pavement, or it may be hereditary.

Symptoms—The main symptom is the position
while standing. The leg is carried inward and
the heel of the shoe rests on the toe of the oppo-
site foot. Some horses show the lameness more
when they first start, while others show it more
after they have been driven some distance. If the
hock is examined closely, there is generally some
sign of fever at the point of affection. One of the
main ways to discover it is to stand off some dis-
tance and watch the animal move—any close
observer will notice the peculiar action of the
affected hock joint.

Treatment—Always beware of fake advertis-
ers. Put the animal at rest at least for a month
and longer if possible. Any good blister or lini-

38 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

ment that will lower the tension of the blood
vessels is advisable. Cantharides is my favorite
blister for bony growths. Use this blister every
second day until you have a heavy blister. As in
other bony growths, if it will not yield to the
blister, the firing iron will have to be used by
some competent veterinary.

SPAVIN BOG—THOROPIN

Bog spavin, blood spavin, and thoropin, all
come under the same heading. The bog spavin
is a round, smooth, well defined tumor; is situated
in front and a little inward of the hock. On
pressure it disappears to reappear on the outside
of the hock. The thoropin is found at the back
and on the top of the hock in that part known
as the hollows. It can be seen on both sides and
just in front of what is known as the ham-string.

Treatment—Always rest, and strong liniments
and blisters if necessary.

OPEN JOINTS, BROKEN KNEE,
SYNOVITIS OR ARTHRITIS

The close relationship of these diseases and
their connection in regard to origin, symptoms
and treatment is my reason for taking them
together.

Causes—These are many and general, of which
I will mention a few: blows, bruises, kicks, falls,

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 39

lacerations, hurts in every form, overloading of
draft horses, racing, stumbling, falling on the
knees, pawing and hitting the knees against the
manger, a blow received from a careless hostler,
or a jab with a fork often ends in a broken knee
or hock. Open joints generally start from a
bruise or a scratch when there is no care taken
of it until suppuration takes place.

Symptoms—Starts with a slight bruise or
sprain. The swelling usually starts with a slight
discharge, the tendons divide, the joints open and
let out the joint water, the joint divides and we
have a broken knee, then we have blood poison
and death.

Treatment—In case of simple bruises, use
simple remedies, such as warm fomentations or
cold applications. When the skin is broken, use
antiseptic dressings as those of the carbolic acid
order. Where the joint water is escaping use
collodion dressings. Improvement in those cases
will be slow. After all discharge has ceased and
the wound has healed a blister should be applied
to prevent having a large bunch left. If neces-
sary the patient can be placed in a swing.

SHOULDER LAMENESS
The shoulder is not very often the seat of lame-
ness because it is very strong and has very large
muscular attachments. Shp of the shoulder is

40 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

the common term applied to shoulder lameness.

Causes—A fall, starting of a heavy load, a
slip on an icy road, the feet balling up with snow
and collision with another horse or some solid
object.

Symptoms—The most convincing symptom of
shoulder lameness is Sweeny or the shrinking of
the shoulder muscles. We may either have swell-
ing or fever in the shoulder. The animal keeps
the foot forward and is always unable to flex or
extend it in backing and uses the opposite foot
for a pivot in turning around.

Treatment—In all cases rest, and plenty of it;
good strong liniments or applications of iodine,
belladonna, or camphor, or hot or cold applica-
tions. Always, in case of Sweeny, use strong
blisters with plenty of rubbing, and manipulating
of the skin. The duration of the treatment must
be governed by the effects.

CURB

A curb is the bulging backward of the poste-
rior part of the hock, where in the normal state
there should be a straight line, extending from
the upper end of the joint of the hock down to the
fetlock. The cause is a sprain or a bruise to
the tendon which passes on the posterior part of
the hock. Some horses have what we call a curby
leg which is more subject to this than others.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 41

Symptoms—A. hock affected with curb will
present more or less swelling with varying de-
grees of heat or soreness and may be accompanied
by lameness. Some curbs do not cause lameness
and others just cause it as the horse starts out
after standing, but leaves it after walking a short
distance. A curb is considered an unsoundness,
but the after effect is not considered serious.

Treatment—The easy way to remove a curb
is to begin when it begins forming. The best
results are obtained from the constant use of ice
poultices. But if it becomes chronic we have to
resort to absorbents. Use a cantharides blister
or do plenty of rubbing with iodine ointment: The
absorbent blister given in the prescription list in
the back of this book is very beneficial. If the
lameness gets too severe we have to resort to the
firing iron.

CAPPED, ELBOW

Capped elbow or shoe boil is the term applied
to an enlargement found at the point of the elbow.

Causes—The horse does not lie directly on the
breastbone, but more on the side, with the front
foot under him and the hoof or shoe in direct
contact with the elbow which is often bruised and
starts a shoe boil. :

Symptoms—The joint at the elbow becomes
swollen and tender and has much fever and pain

42 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

in it. It may or may not cause lamenesss. It
may disappear in time or it may form a fluctuat-
ing tumor. This tumor will become soft and
when tapped there will be an escape of blood,
serum or pus. At times, after they are opened,
they will heal up and not leave any trace while
at others there will be a sack left. In some cases
this sack will fill up and become very hard.

Treatment—When it is soft it should be opened
and treated the same as a straight wound. If
the recurring is the bad feature, we should look
to the shoeing and shorten the inside of the front
shoes. If it is bruised with the hoof it will have
to be padded. In some cases the boil must be
bathed with iodine or blistered very heavy. In
case of hard formation the knife must be re-
sorted to,

INTERFERING OR SPEEDY CUTS

Interfering is the term applied when the
trouble is on the inside of the fetlock, either in
front or behind. Speedy cuts is when the trouble
is on the inside of the forelegs any place below
the knees.

Symptoms—Sometimes the injury is so slight
that the hair is just knocked off or the skin just
broken. At others the pain is so severe that the
animal carries the foot for some time. When
the horse interferes just a little it is followed by

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 43

a more severe knock. It may cause the leg to
swell and the foot may become very feverish, and
in some cases the foot cannot be put to the
ground.

Treatment—As in all slight bruises use hot
applications and follow with any good stimulat-
ing liniment. In case of swelling use cold appli-
cations and tight bandages. In suppuration use
ground flaxseed meal poultices. When an abscess
has formed it should be very carefully opened and
treated the same as a clean wound, until after it
has healed and then it will leave a small callous
place which must be removed with a blister.
When there is no pus, but an enlargement, it
should have a pin-pointed firing. Shoe according
to the action of the animal.

Sl RINGER ALT

This is an involuntary movement of one or both
hind legs in which the foot is spasmodically
lifted from the ground much higher than nor-
mally carried. This may just appear as the
animal is taken from the stable and then leave.
Sometimes it is most apparent as the animal trots,
others at a walk and others as the animal turns
around. The age of the animal has nothing to
do with the disease. This is always considered
an unsoundness.

Causes—Veterinaries are yet in doubt in re-

44. COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

spect to the cause as well as to its essential
nature. Whether it results from disease of the
hock, bad formation, or shortening of the liga-
ments, a chronic inflammation of the siatic nerve,
or a disease coming from the spine or whether it
is purely a muscular lesion.

Treatment—When there is a cause the treat-
ment should be directed toward this factor.
When the trouble is in the hock or foot, treat
these places alone, use treatment found for these
particular diseases. If it remains after these
local lesions have healed, or if you find no cause,
the best results have followed the sectioning of
the lateral exteriors of the foot. A competent
veterinary should do this.

CONTRACTED HEELS
OR HOOF BOUND

This consists in the shrinking of the tissue of
the foot and occurs in dry stalls or on hard floors.
This is more common in the forefeet, but is occas-
ionally found in the hind ones. Usually but one
foot is affected, but when both are diseased the
contraction is greater in one than the other.

Causes—Horses that are raised on wet, marshy
lands and then taken to cities and kept on dry
floors are more subject than those raised in a
dry country. Another common cause is in the
shoeing, such a8 rasping the walls, cutting away

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 45

the frog, heels and bars, high calks and the use
of nails too near the heels. Contracted heels
may follow other diseases of the foot.

Symptoms—The foot loses its shape and the
walls from the quarter back form a straight line.
The foot becomes dry and so hard it can scarcely
be cut, and the heels become rigid and scaly.
When the disease becomes advanced lameness is
present and stumbling is very common. When
the animal leaves the stable he walks on his toe,
but after exercise he goes sound. He always
wears the toe of the shoe out first.

Treatment—Always use preventive measures,
if possible, by using greasy hoof ointments. Do
not use calks on the shoes unless it is absolutely
necessary. When the horse is at steady work, he
should be reshod once a month. A number of
shoes are made for contracted heels and many
_ are a success, if applied right. I always poultice
the foot until it is soft and then use a common
bar shoe with plenty of frog pressure and packed
with oakum and tar or use a common plate shoe
and cut in two at the toe and as the foot grows
out it will spread. If there are complications treat
them separately.

OVERREACH

This is when the shoe of the hind foot strikes
or injures the heel or quarter of the front foot.

46 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

It generally occurs in fast horses. In trotters it
occurs when the horse changes from a trot to
a run,

Symptoms—The coronet or quarter is bruised
or cut. In case the animal catches the shoe of
the front foot and pulls it, it is known among
horsemen as grabbing. Horses on the track that
overreach are bad breakers as the injury keeps
them excited.

Treatment—If the injury is slight use cold
water bandages for a few days. If the parts are
cut deep they should be poulticed for at least two
days. If the animal is subject to overreaching
he should not be driven fast without quarter
boots. When the animal grabs, the heel of the
front shoe should be shortened and the toe of the
hind foot should project out over the shoe.

CALK WOUNDS

This generally occurs in heavy draft horses
that are shod for heavy work. It is generally
brought on by one horse stepping on the other.
It most always happens on paved streets or on
slippery roads and is more common in the fore-
feet than in the hind ones.

Treatment—Preventive measures, if possible.
Boots on the hind legs and blunt corks on the
outside of the front shoes. In slight bruises or
injuries use cold water applications and follow

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 4%

with carbolized vaseline. In severe cases poultice
with ground flaxseed meal and treat according
to the condition after poulticing.

COCKED ANKLES OR KNUCKLING

Knuckling is a partial dislocation of the fet-
lock joint in which the relative position of the
pastern bone to the cannon and coronet bones
are changed. Knuckling is not always consid-
ered an unsoundness, but causes stumbling and
fractures to the pasterns.

Causes—Young foals are subject to this con-
dition, but in most cases it is only temporary.
The cause of this is the foal laying with the legs
flexed before birth. Horses with straight pas-
terns are more subject to this condition as they
become old, especially in the hind limbs. Heavy
work, hilly countries, fast and hard work on race
tracks are more exciting causes for knuckling.
Mules are more subject to this in the hind legs
than the horse. Knuckling may also be produced
from disease of the tendons and ligaments of
the legs.

Treatment—tIn young foals the only treatment
necessary is time. When knuckling has com-
menced in older horses the ligaments and tendons
must be relieved by proper shoeing. The foot is
to be prepared for the shoe by shortening the toe
as much as possible and leave the heels high. If

48 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

the foot is prepared in the usual way it should be
thin in front with thick heels or high calks. For
the hind foot a long-heeled shoe with calks does
best.

THRUSE

This is an excessive secretion of unhealthy
matter from the frog. It is most always seen on
the common draft horse and is generally due to
the care of the animal instead of to the breed.

Causes—Filthy condition of the stable is the
main cause. It is more common in the hind feet
of the mare and in the front feet of the gelding.
Muddy streets or roads and rough work on stony
roads are good causes.

Symptoms—aAt first there is an excessive mois-
ture in the frog, accompanied with an offensive
smell. After a time the discharge begins, at first
watery and then it becomes thicker and highly
offensive and gradually the whole frog is eaten
away.

Treatment—These are to be treated by cleanli-
ness, the removal of the cause and a return of the
frog to its normal condition. The foot should be
poulticed for a day or two and then well pared
out and if not in too bad a condition it should be
dressed with powdered calomel and covered with
a leather boot, for protection. If in the worst
stage, always eat it out with butter of antimony.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 49

CORNS

Corns are an injury to the sensitive horn of the
foot where some of the small blood vessels are
ruptured and a small amount of blood is allowed
to escape. There are generally three classes of
corns, the dry, the moist, and those that suppu-
rate. The front feet are more subject to corns
than the hind ones. Any breed of horses will
have corns if the conditions necessary for the
productions are present but the heavy horses that
are worked hard on rough roads are most subject.

Causes—High-heeled shoes, weak feet, long
feet, horses that are always shod, bad prepara-
tion of the foot for shoes, small stones, hard
roads, dry earth and a high-knee actor is a good
subject.

Symptoms—In most cases a corn will cause
enough pain to produce lameness. Often old
horses have what we term chronic corns. Ap-
parently it does not lame the animal, but causes
him to to be restless in the stable and to never
lie down. In the suppurative corns, the lameness
disappears as soon as the abscess breaks and the
pus escapes. In the dry corns, when the patient
is rested or the foot pared down the lameness
will leave for the time being. When a corn is
suspected, the foot should be hit with a hammer,
which will always cause pain. In a suppurative
corn the pus is found either by paring the foot

4

50 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

out or it will break out at the hair of the hoof.

Treatment—There are many cures or supposed
to be cures for corns, but I will try to enumerate
a few that have been a success for me. First, if
you can find the cause, remove it. In most cases
the shoeing is at fault. The best preventive is to
keep the foot in good shape by using equal parts
of raw linseed oil and Neat’s foot oil. This keeps
the foot soft and allows no cracking. Use this
once or twice a week. If it is a dry corn the foot
should be poulticed for a few days and then the
corn should be pared out as much as possible but
do not destroy the soft tissues. After paring it
out, pour in equal parts of iodine and carbolic
acid. If the animal must be worked, shoe him

with a bar shoe and repeat the treatment every
third day. In the soft corns I think the only

cure is to cut them all out and dress the wound
with tincture of aloes or spirits of camphor and
pack well with oakum every two days until heal-
ing takes place. In the suppurative corns the
foot must be well pared out so as to let the pus
escape. If the pus has worked out through the
top of the foot there must be drainage made back
through the sole. Follow this with cold baths
and apply a little sulphate of iron until the fistu-
lous tracts become healthy. If the opening wants
to close up use heavy poultices,

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 51

BRUISES OF THE FROG

A bruise of the frog is generally caused by
stepping on some rough object such as a stone.
A broad flat foot with a fleshy frog and low heel
is most liable to this injury. This most always
happens while the horse is trotting or running.

Symptoms—Lameness and suppuration around
the frog are the most prominent symptoms.
When the animal is at rest the foot is set forward
with the toe on the ground and the leg flexed at
the fetlock joint. As soon as the pus escapes the
lameness disappears. In the severe cases the
coffin bone becomes involved.

Treatment—lf the lameness is noticed at once
the foot should be placed in a cold bath to prevent
suppuration. If suppuration has begun the horn
of the frog and the bars should be cut away and
the foot poulticed. When the pus loosens the
remainder of the horn should be cut away. When
all the impurities are sloughed away the foot
should be dressed with any good stimulating
dressing, such as tincture of aloes or spirits of
turpentine and packed well with oakum. Redress
the wound every second day.

FOUNDER OR LAMINITIS

Founder is a simple inflammation of the sensi-
tive laminze of the foot.
Causes—The main causes are overfeeding, too

52 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

much water when warm or overexerted, using
young horses on hard streets, too much road or
track work, and very often it follows foaling
which we call colt founder.

Symptoms—Founder nearly always affects the
front feet or may just affect one, and very seldom
it affects all four. The first symptoms are lame-
ness, the feet are hot, and the temperature rises,
the animal shows much pain, the breathing is
rapid and the nostrils dilated. The bowels are
loose at first, but soon become impact. The urine
is scanty, highly colored and the animal tries to
pass it often.

Treatment—The treatment should always be
preventive, if possible. The first thing should al-
ways be a physic of one quart of raw linseed oil,
with two tablespoonfuls of turpentine. At first
the feet should be put in hot water for an hour and
then changed to cold water and left there until all
the fever is gone. Give four ounces of saltpetre
in one pint of warm water and repeat every six
hours. Remove the shoes but do not pare the feet.
Put the shoes back on as soon as possible.

INFLAMMATION OF THE HEEL,
GREASE HEEL OR CANKER
This affection has an offensive discharge from
the glands of the foot. At times the foot and
heels are feverish, but in most cases there are

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 53

grape-like projections which give off a greasy
discharge. After it has run for some time, the
heel and frog become implicated and give off the
same kind of pus. The cause would be the same
as in any inflammation of the foot: filthy, dirty
stables, mud left on the legs, following laminitis,
or swollen legs, but mainly neglect.

Symptoms—The symptoms are according to
whether it comes on suddenly or comes on slowly.
If it comes on suddenly there will be swelling in
the skin of the heels, with heat, tenderness, itch-
ing and stiffness which partially leaves after ex-
ercise. In the slow forms there is just a slight
swelling after rest with very little heat or in-
flammation for a week or more. From either
form there is a slight discharge, but not enough
to give off the offensive odor. After the swelling
increases, the hair begins to stand straight out
and the discharge becomes grayish and milky and
every time you go near the barn or animal you
can smell that offensive odor. In some cases the
grapes form and break open and in others the
heels break open and give off the discharge.
When the frog becomes affected this exudate is
found all around the edges of it and when this is
let run long and the foot is pared.down the secre-
tion is found all over the flat surface between the
frog and the wall.

Treatment—The first thing is cleanliness, but

54 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

this will not establish a cure. Pure air, nourish-
ing diet, liberal exercise, avoid mud and cold
winds. At the beginning benzoated oxide of zinc
may be used. A good dressing is vaseline one
ounce, oxide of zinc two drams, iodized phenol
twenty drops and turpentine ten drops. If the
surface is swollen and tender use a flaxseed poul-
tice and follow with the following lotion: Sugar
of lead, one ounce; carbolic acid, two drams, and
water, one quart. If the grapes are found, rub
them with caustic, such as copperas, lunar
caustic, or bluestone. If the frog is affected it
must be pared out to the quick and dressed with
dry caustic powders, as quicklime, copperas or
bluestone, and changed each day.

SCRATCHES, CRACKED HEELS,
CHAPS OF THE KNEE OR HOCK

This usually sets in with a swelling, heat, ten-
derness in the hollow of the heel, stiffness and
lameness. Very soon the cracks appear and the
skin becomes thick and rigid. Some of the causes
are overfeeding of grain, close, hot, dirty stables,
constant contact with manure and urine, work-
ing in deep, irritating mud, limestone districts,
dust in dry weather on dirt roads, snow or
freezing mud, clipping the heels and overwork
in bad weather. As soon as this begins the legs
commence to stock.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 55

Treatment—First of all, remove the cause. If
feeding corn, change to oats or bran mashes, and
give a good physic. If the legs swell give exer-
cise and plenty of hand rubbing. A good lotion
to use for a wash after the heels begin to crack
is: Four drams sugar of lead, ten drops carbolic
acid to one quart of water. If the heels crack
and become very hard use the following oint-
ment: One ounce vaseline, one dram sugar of
lead, one dram oxide of zinc, and ten drops of
carbolic acid.

WARTS

These are a morbid overgrowth of the super-
ficial layer of the skin. The small warts which
come on colts are nothing serious and always
leave just as quick as they come. If they do not
leave, cord them with a silk cord. But the large
warts or cancerous growths are fed by too large
a blood vessel to cord and should be removed by
using powdered arsenic.

Keep the scab rubbed off and dust the arsenic
on every other day. The wart will begin to dry
up and crack around the edges and then drop out
in chunks. After it is all dropped out, the wound
should be treated just the same as a fresh wound.

WINDGALLS
This is a dilated puff found on the posterior
part of the fetlock joint. They appear in the form

56 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

of soft tumors and in some cases get to be of very
good size. Usually these are painless and only
cause lameness when they get large enough to
interfere with the action of the joint.

Causes—May be caused by severe labor, heavy
pulling, fast driving, jumping, and may follow
internal disorders such as pneumonia, strangles
or distemper.

Treatment—lIn the first stage use cold applica-
tions through the day and tight bandages at
night and blisters, if necessary. In the chronic
cases use blisters four or five times in succession
and in case of lameness they should be pin-fired.
In the most severe cases a surgical operation has.
to be resorted to. This operation can be done
with great success.

FLYBLOWS
GRUBS IN’ THE, SKIN

The following flies deposit their eggs on open
sores or on wet filthy parts of the skin where
their grubs give rise to serious trouble: Lucilia
cesar or bluebottle, Lucilia hominivorax or
Schrewworm fly, Musca vommetoria or meat
fly, and Sarcophaga carnaria or flesh fly. To
prevent their attacks the wet filthy hair should be
removed and the wounds kept clean and rendered
antiseptic by a lotion of carbolic acid one part and
water fifty parts, or by a mixture of one ounce oil

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 57

of tar in twenty ounces of sweet oil, or by using
any good antiseptic.

If the grubs are already present they should be
picked off and one of these dressings applied.

STINGS OF BEES, WASPS AND HORNETS

These are much more irritating than the bites
of flies, partly because the barbed sting is left in
the wound. When a swarm attacks an animal
the result may prove fatal.

Treaitmeni—The embedded stings should be
extracted with fine forceps or with the finger
nails. The application of wet clay or soda or
ammonia or carbolic acid. Another good lotion
is sugar of lead two drams, one ounce laudanum
and water one pint.

ECZEMA OR INFLAMMATION WITH
| BLISTERS

This term is applied very generally to eruptions
of any form that comes ona horse. Eczema may
appear on any part of the body, but on the horse
it is more common on the heels and lower part of
the legs.

Causes—Constant contact with manure, urine,
mud, snow, ice, drafts or cold air on wet legs,
often follows indigestion and sometimes comes
from the sweat running down the legs. In high
class horses that are well fed and always kept in
the stable, eczema may last for years.

58 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

Treatment—Always give good physic and get
the blood thin and follow with a tonic, as: Nux
vomica, two ounces; gentian, one ounce, and gin-
ger, two ounces; ground flaxseed meal to make
twelve ounces. Give one tablespoonful in each
feed. Or you can give Fowler’s solution of ar-
senic in teaspoonful doses twice daily. If an ex-
ternal treatment is necessary, soak the scabs in
fresh sweet oil and wash off with soft water and
soap and follow with a sulphur ointment and if
necessary follow this with a mercurial ointment.

HARNESS GALLS

Bad fitting harness and saddles are the cause
of many wounds and abrasions of the skin.
Horses are subject to this after being kept in the
stable for some time on a scanty diet, as in the
winter when he is soft and tender. The chafing
from the harness is likely to form abrasions and
then abscesses and finally leave a bad blemish for
life if it is not attended to at once.

Treatment—These are easily prevented by get-
ting the horse in condition before hard work.
The harness should be kept clean and well fitted.
Parts of the horse where the harness is most
likely to chafe, as on the back, should be kept free
from all dirt. The remedies for harness galls are
numerous. I will mention just a few: Alcohol,
one pint in which are well shaken two eggs.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 59

Sugar of lead, twelve grains; sulphate of zinc, ten
grains, to an ounce of water. Carbolic acid oint-
ment or carbolic acid one part to fifteen parts of
glycerine.

BOILS*OR FURUNCEES

These are common on the back, shoulders and
lower parts of the limbs, mainly because there is
where chafing occurs. In many cases the cause
is constitutional or comes from unwholesome diet,
overwork and general loss of health. Boils differ
from other pus producing pustules because they
form deeper in the skin and form more of a core
and the pus is found around this core.

Treatment—The most common treatment is to
use a poultice until the boil becomes soft and then
cut it open and squeeze out the core and follow
with an antiseptic dressing. Another good home
remedy is to blister or use a mixture of sugar and
soap. Cleanliness of the skin and any good blood
tonic are necessary.

PISPULA

Fistula is applied to any pus forming cavity
that has no drainage. A fistula comes on any
part of the body, but is generally known in the
horse as fistula of the wethers or of the poll or
poll evil.

Causes—Fistula as a rule starts from a bruise,
a wound or long continued irritation of the har-

60 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

ness. Among the common causes are chafing
from the halter, hitting the head against a low
door, or manger, bad fitting collars or saddle,
blows from a whip, or the animal rolling on a
rough object. If a bruise is treated properly,
there will be no need of having fistula.
Symptoms—These will vary according to the
stage of the disease. After an injury we will
notice the patient being stiff and a slight soreness
if he be touched in this region. After a day or
two we will find the parts beginning to swell and
the main part of the soreness will leave but the
swollen parts will continue to get larger. This
enlargement will get soft in one small spot at the
upper part and if it is not opened it will finally
break and form a running ulcer.
Treatment—When the soreness first starts
you can use cold applications and follow with any
good absorbent liniment and prevent any further
trouble. At all stages of this disease give a
physic and follow with a blood tonic such as
Fowler’s solution of arsenic in teaspoonful doses
twice daily. After the pus has begun to form
use hot applications and follow with a light blister
until the enlargement gets soft, then make an
opening at the lowest point so as to give a good
bottom drainage. There are many good fistula
cures, but the main thing is to use something to
eat out the tubes which form in this cavity. You

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 61

will find my treatment with full directions in the
prescriptions in the back of this book.

ABSCESS

An abscess is a cavity containing pus. Ab-
scesses are caused from a bruise or may follow
some disease, such as distemper, strangles, ca-
tarrh, nasal gleet, or may follow pneumonia.
The glands where it forms swell and become pain-
ful to the touch. The abscess may become ab-
sorbed by the blood or may form pus.

Treatment—lIf it is noticed when it first begins
you can use hot applications and follow with some
mild liniment which in most cases will save tap-
ping it. But if the pus forms use a strong lini-
ment and draw the pus to one place and as soon
as it becomes soft it should be opened at the bot-
tom of the pus cavity. Keep the wound open
where it is tapped and cleanse with peroxide of
hydrogen and follow with carbolic acid wash
twice daily.

SUMMER SORES

These may appear on any part of the body, but
are more common where the harness touches or
on the lower part of the limbs. They may vary
in size from that of a millet seed to an inch in
diameter. They cause intense itching and the
victim rubs and bites the parts until they become
very raw. These sores resist treatment through

62 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

the summer months, but they are very easily
healed up through the cold weather, but as soon
as summer returns the sores begin to reappear.
The history of these is unknown, but it is thought
that it is taken in through the feed or water.

Treatment—Put the patient in a cool place and
shower the parts with cold water. The only
medical treatment that I have found to be of any
benefit is to rub the sore with iodoform and cover
this with a layer of collodion and repeat the ap-
plication every twenty-four hours, for about two
weeks or until the sores are well healed.

LOCKJAW OR TETANUS

The first thing is not to think that the horses’
jaws must be locked before he has tetanus or lock-
jaw, for he may eat and seem apparently all right
for a week before his jaws are set. At the be-
ginning the muscles become rigid, the spasms
affect the eyes, neck, face, body and limbs. The
main symptom is the throwing back of the haw
of the eye.

Causes—This is caused by a bacillus that is
found in the soil, manure and dust. The infec-
tion generally comes through wounds, such as
nail pricks, castration, docking, setons, and quite
often from internal injuries.

Symptoms—These can easily be remembered if
a person has ever seen a case of this kind. The

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 63

main symptoms are difficult chewing, the protru-
sion of the haw over the main part of the eye, the
tail is elevated, the muscles become hard and
rigid, the limbs are stiff, the gait straddling, and
the animal becomes very nervous at the least
noise.

Treatment—The patient should be placed in a
dark box stall without any bedding and as far
away from all other stock as possible. Always
give tetanus antitoxine which is always obtain-
able at any first-class drug store. The full direc-
tions are on each package. Give physic the first
thing; barbed aloes, six drams in two ounces of
olive oil. Give bromide of potassium in table-
spoonful doses in each feed. Give rectal injec-
tions of one teaspoonful of carbolic acid in one-~
half gallon of warm milk twice daily.

CONGESTION OF THE UDDER

This is very rare in the mare, but sometimes
before or after parturition a mushy swelling, be-
ginning at the udder, extends forward as far as
the front legs. When this is let run inflammation
will set in, the milk will dry up, the animal be-
comes lame, has fever, shows a general disorder
and very often there will be an abscess form or
gangrene set in.

Treatment—This will be simple as long as it is
just congestion. Active rubbing with lard or

64 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

camphorated oil and frequent drawing of the milk
will bring about a rapid recovery. After inflam-
mation has set in use hot application and follow
with camphorated oil, six ounces, and tincture of
belladonna, one ounce, rubbed in well. Always
give a good laxative, such as four drams of barbed
aloes. Give one-half ounce doses of saltpeter in
the drinking water twice daily. To draw off the
fetid liquid, it may be necessary to use a small
milking tube and do not forget that a mare has
three openings in each tit and draw off the matter
through each opening. If an abscess has formed
it can be opened at the softest spot with any kind
of a clean knife and treated the same as any ab-
scess. When the udder is very hard it can be
bathed twice daily with an iodine ointment.

BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE

Sometimes it is an independent affection and
sometimes it occurs in the course of some other
disease, as influenza or bronchitis. This is a
very good symptom of tumor in the nose. Sneez-
ing, overexertion and injuries to the head are
good causes. The blood generally just drops
from one nostril only, and is never considered
dangerous, for if the blood comes from the lungs,
it is very frothy and comes much faster. If the
bleeding continues, wash out the nose with cold
water. If the cause is known, you can be guided

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 65

accordingly. If necessary you can use ice packs
on the head and ice water between the eyes. If
you have to use medicine give one ounce of ergot
as a drench in warm water.

LAMPERS OR LAMPAS

This name is given to a swelling of the mucous
membranes covering the hard palate of the mouth
and projecting in a prominent ridge immediately
behind the front upper teeth. This is a natural
swelling and occurs in the healthy horse. This is
very common while the teeth are being cut, be-
cause the blood supply is increased.

Treatment—The object is to allow the escape
of the excess blood. This should be done with
a sharp knife. Cut each ridge deep enough to
cause it to bleed freely. There is never any dan-
ger of getting too much blood. Do not burn the
lampers or scrape them with an ear of corn.

A PARE We

BLOATING OR ACUTE TYMPANITES

This is the swelling of the cow in the left flank,
caused by the formation of gas in the paunch or
rumen. The causes of this are many. The one
we most frequently find is when the cattle are
first turned on young clover which they eat very
greedily. Turnips, cabbage, potatoes, middlings
and corn meal often give rise to this. Eating too
much or eating too fast of any kind of feed may
cause this. Wet grass, clover, frozen roots or
pastures covered with frost should be guarded
against. A cow that is choked will often bloat.

Symptoms—The swelling of the left flank, the
drumlike sound when you tap the flank with the
ends of the fingers, and, in bad cases, the upper
part of it rises above the level of the backbone.
After it has run for some time the animal breathes
hard, reels when it walks and in a short time falls
and dies from suffocation.

Treatment—In mild cases give plenty of exer-
cise and cold applications to the sides. A greased
rope in the mouth often causes the gas to be
passed off. In urgent cases the gas must be al-
lowed to escape and this is best done with a trocar
which every cattle raiser should have. If this
instrument is not at hand use a small bladed knife

and make your incision at an equal distance from
69

70 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

the point of the hip to the last rib and equal dis-
tance from the projection of the backbone. This
should be made downward and forward. After
the knife is inserted, put a goose quill in by the
side of it and remove the knife. Always follow
with a physic of two pounds of epsom salts.

DISTENTION OF THE RUMEN OR
PAUNCH WITH FOOD

This is a form of indigestion produced by the
animal gorging itself with food, it does not need
to be spoiled or poor feed, but can come from the
very best. The severe cases come from the food
being very hard to digest. There is but very lit-
tle gas formation in these cases and what little
there is formed is spread through the contents of
the stomach instead of accumulating in upper por-
tion. When pressing on the left flank with your
fist it leaves the print of your hand just the same
as it would if it were a mass of dough.

Treatment—This should be treated with stim-
ulants, such alcohol, brandy or aromatic spirits
of ammonia, and followed with a good physic of
two pounds of epsom salts. If this fails, you
should have an incision made in the left flank
with a long bladed knife. Begin the incision
where you would tap a cow for bloating, and cut
down far enough so the operator can admit his
hand. This cutting should be done by cutting

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE taal

the whole opening without removing the knife.
There should be two assistants, one on each side,
to hold the edges back so the operator can empty
about two-thirds of the contents of the stomach.
After this is done the edges of the wound should
be washed with a good antiseptic and the stomach
and the outer part sewed separately. The wound
should be washed twice daily with the following:
Sulphate of zinc, one ounce; acetate of lead, one
and one-half ounce; glycerine, two ounces, and
water to make one pint. This operation should
be done by an experienced operator.

LOSS), OF CUD

This is a very common expression among the
farmers when there is anything the matter with a
cow. This expression is correct if meant right.
Most people think that the cow loses her cud
by dropping it out of her mouth and that there
must be a cud made for her out of a greasy dish-
rag or something of the kind. This is not a dis-
ease of itself, but shows that the animal’s diges-
tive functions are not performed regularly and
the animal does not ruminate or belch up the
food. This is a symptom of a great many dis-
eases and should cause the attendant to look the
animal over closely and form a correct opinion of
the disease from which the animal is suffering.

72 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

INDIGESTION OR GASTRO INTESTINAL
CATARRH

This form of indigestion does not necessarily
denote bloating, but it is sometimes present. If
indigestion is let run for sometime, the abnormal
products will cause catarrh of the stomach or
intestines.

Causes—Overloading of the stomach, damaged
or irritant food, sudden changes o£ diet, want of
exercise and food that is hard to digest will, aiter
a time, cause this. An insufficient amount of
water, as in seasons of drought, will favor this
disease.

Symptoms—Rumination irregular, depraved
appetite, tongue coated, mouth slimy, bad smell-
ing dung, a slight bloating and fullness of the
flanks. No sound in the stomach and the animal
breathes with a grunt. After some time there is
no dung passed, but a small amount of mucus
oozes out of the rectum. In mild cases this lasts
about a week, but in the severe ones it may last
several weeks.

Treatment—Small quantities of sweet silage,
select grass or clover hay given several times
daily. About two ounces of chamomile flowers
should be boiled for thirty minutes, and after it
has cooled given to the animal. This can be re-
peated three times daily. When constipation is
present, the following physic can be given: One

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE "3

pound Glaubers salts in quart of warm water and
one pint of molasses. After the physic has
worked, give the following to act as an appetizer:
Two ounces powdered ginger, two ounces nux
vomica, and ground flaxseed meal, one-half
pound. Give one tablespoonful three times daily.
Laxative food in moderate quantities after a re-
turn of the appetite.

COLIC OR INDIGESTION AFTER
DRINKING COLD WATER

This trouble is produced in cattle by drinking
cold water, which stops digestion and produces
cramps in the fourth stomach and sometimes in
the bowels.

Causes—As a rule a cow drinks water very
slowly and not very much at atime. It would be
contrary to nature for the cow to drink fast and
very much at a time; but in hot weather when it
has traveled for some distance and is given access
to cold water it will bring on colicky pains. Cat-
tle that are fed on dry feed or dry hay often drink
large quantities of cold water and are affected the
same way only they are taken with a chill before
the cramps come on.

Symptoms—There is but very little bloating or
distention with gas. Colic in the cow always
comes on after drinking cold water and there can
be no doubt as to the diagnosis.

74 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

Treatment—Always give the animal ten or

fifteen minutes’ exercise before you give any med-
icine, as this gets the stomach in condition to take
care of the medicine and often acts asacure. If
treatment is necessary, give one-half pint of whis-
key or one ounce of powdered ginger in a pint of
warm water and repeat in forty-five minutes, if
necessary. If this does not give relief, give one
ounce each of sulphuric ether and tincture of
opium in a pint of warm milk and repeat in thirty
minutes, if needed. After giving any of these
treatments follow with a physic of two pounds of
epsom salts.

DIARRHEA OR DYSENTERY

This is a symptom of irritation of the intestines
and is caused by improper feeding, irritant foods,
chilling or exposure, indigestion, diseases of the
intestines or by parasites.

Symptoms—At first the passage from the bow-
els is thin and frequent, but after a time it be- ~
comes watery and very offensive smelling and
sometimes it is streaked with blood. In the be-
ginning the animal is strong but soon becomes
weak and has some abdominal pains, looks around
at its sides, moves around very restlessly, draws
its feet together and lies down. In many cases
there is fever, loss of strength and flesh and
finally ends in death.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 1)

Treatmenit—All depends on the cause and the
care taker must determine this. When from an
irritating cause, the patient should have a mild
purgative, such as a pint of castor oil. If this
does not prove satisfactory, give one-half ounce
of tincture of opium in a half pint of warm milk
and to this may be added four ounces of whiskey
or brandy, if necessary. Good home remedies
are strong coffee, raw eggs, or rye flour. In all
cases you must feed very sparingly.

CONSTIPATION

This is not regarded as a disease of itself but
more a symptom of some other disease or the re-
sult of poor feeding. It occurs in most all dis-
eases where fever is present, in obstruction of the
bowels and from feeding dry bulky food. Young
calves often suffer from this disease just after
birth when the feces that is in the bowels before
birth is not passed. Warm soap and water injec-
tions or one ounce of castor oil and plenty of the
cow’s first milk is all that is necessary in such
cases. The main treatment in constipation in the
cow is to remove the cause which gives rise to it.
A change in the feed will correct this trouble
in most cases better than medicine. Small doses
of physic given often are better than one large
one. Flaxseed is the best food laxative that can
be fed.

76 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

JAUNDICE OR CONGESTION OF THE
LIVER

In this case we find a yellow appearance of the
skin, eyes and the mucous membranes of the
mouth. Jaundice is mainly a symptom of other
diseases and we should look for the cause or
causes of it. Anything that will close up the
orifice of the biliary duct will produce jaundice
and this is very often the case in constipation. It
may be caused by gallstones or parasites. Cattle
that are fed high for show use, or any cattle that
have no exercise, are good subjects.

Symptoms—Poor appetite, the animal does not
want to drink, pressure along the short ribs causes
pain, the membranes of the eyes and mouth are
yellow, the patient lies down the most of the time,
moans when it moves and has a very tottering
gait. The milk secretions are diminished and
that which is secreted is very bitter. In some
cases the animal has a dry painful cough.

Treatment—W hen the bowels should be moved
off give the following physic: One pound of sul-
phate of soda, one pint of molasses and one quart
of warm water. After the physic has worked, the
patient should have one tablespoonful of artificial
Carlsbad salts in the feed three times daily. In
all advanced cases use injections of warm water
and soap to relieve the pressure. The diet should

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE Tas

be laxative and moderate in quantity and always
give grass, if in season, and if not, bran mashes
and clover hay.

SNAKE BITES

The poison contained in the tooth glands of
some snakes will produce very serious local irri-
tation and in some cases very serious constitu-
tional disturbances. Some of the poison of the
snake is carried to the heart and causes death,
while others cause local inflammation, gangrene
or external sloughing.

Symptoms—Local swelling, pricks where the
fangs penetrate, depression, weakness, difficult
breathing, weak pulse, stupor and sometimes con-
vulsions. If the poisons are not strong enough
to cause death it will likely cause severe abscesses.

Treatment — Locally every effort should be
made to absorb the poison. If the bite is on the
legs you should tie a string very tight just above
the bite so as to shut off the circulation. The
wound should be freely incised so that it will bleed
freely. Permanganate of potash in five per cent
solution should be applied and also injected into
it. Give strong stimulants internally, such as
alcohol, coffee or aromatic spirits of ammonia.
A special antitoxin for the treatment of snake
bites is now prepared and can be had from any
leading druggist.

78 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

BEE AND WASP STINGS

The bee and wasp secrete a very poisonous sub-
stance which they are able to insert through the
skin of an animal. This poison is an irritant and
might cause blood poison.

To produce any bad effects it must be intro-
duced in large quantities, such as the animal get-
ting stung by a swarm of bees or wasps.

Treatment—Wash the parts with diluted am-
monia and give stimulants internally. If the ani-
mal begins to swell about the head and neck and
it begins to shut off the breathing, a tube should
be inserted in the windpipe.

BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE

This is very common in cattle and is seldom
serious. It usually results from some disease, in-
jury to the mucous membrane or from violent ex-
ertions in sneezing or coughing. The blood
usually comes in drops from one nostril and is
usually accompanied by sneezing. Bleeding from
the lungs comes from both nostrils, is frothy,
bright red and accompanied by a cough.

Treatment—Find the cause and you can: be
guided accordingly. If necessary, keep the ani-
mal quiet, bathe the head with cold water and
wash the nose out with the same. In severe cases
tie the head up to a high rafter and apply the ice
packs to the back of the head and if necessary,

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE "9

give one and one-half drams of acetate of lead
in one pint of warm water.

BRONCHITIS

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the mucous
membrane lining the bronchial tubes and is gen-
erally the result of the animal catching a bad cold.
It may be caused by the introduction of foreign
bodies into the bronchial tubes, which is a bad
result of drenching, or it may be caused by the
breathing of impure gases.

Symptoms—Coughing, loss of appetite, short
painful breathing, the head is distended, the eyes
inflamed and the pulse is very rapid. If the dis-
ease does not terminate favorably there is danger
of complications of lung fever. These tubes
close up in some cases and the animal dies from
suffocation.

Treatment—If in season and the weather is
nice, place the animal on grass and if not, put it
in a light, well ventilated box stall. The food
should be light and nutritious. Give the follow-
ing as a drench after each feed: Tincture of
chloride of iron, I ounce; tincture of aconite,
four drams, and glycerine to make one pint. Give
six tablespoonfuls of this at a dose.

PNEUMONIA
This is an inflammation of the lung substance.
Some writers divide this into several forms, but

80 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

it takes an expert to distinguish them so we will
take it all under one head. The causes of this
are the same as any other disease of the respira-
tory tract. It generally follows congestion of the
lungs, but it can originate from a parasite.
Symptoms—This disease is usually ushered in
with a chill and this is followed by a high tem-
perature, usually 104 to 107, and sometimes
higher. The breathing is very quick, the nostrils
dilated, pulse full and hard, may or may not
have a cough, the coat is staring and the skin
very dry. Scanty and very high colored urine,
and the bowels constipated. The animal always
keeps a standing position with the forelegs wide
apart and the elbows turned out. The extremi-
ties are hot and cold alternately, and if this is in
a cow, the milk flow is suspended. The appetite
is always poor until recovery begins.
Treatment—Good fresh air, clean surround-
ings and proper nursing are of as much help as
medicine. If the fever is very high, give one or
two drams of tincture of aconite every four hours
until it abates. If the bowels are constipated give
two or three drams of calomel. One pint of
whiskey can be given with the gruel twice daily
to act as a stimulant. Bathe the region of the
lungs with some strong liniment, but do not
blister them. Any form of nourishment should
be given that the animal will take, and always

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 81

grass if in season. Above all, let the patient
have plenty of fresh drinking water.

HEAVES OR EMPHYSEMA

This consists of a rupture of the small air
vessels of the lungs. Respiration is very much
interfered with as the expiration is prolonged and
the inspiration is short. The appetite is gener-
ally good and the milk-flow holds up well. This
may be the result of bronchitis or it may follow
an attack of asthma. The animal gets poor, has
a staring coat and is generally hidebound. If
the region of the lungs is tapped with the fist, a
drum-like sound is heard.

Treatment—This is an incurable disease and
the only help that can be given is rich food to
hold the animal up in flesh. From a financial
standpoint as well as from a humane standpoint,
the animal should be destroyed.

HEAT PROSTRATION OR SUNSTROKE

This is not very common in cattle as they are
very seldom worked and when in pasture they can
select cool places in the heat of the day. In some
cases, where cattle are kept up for the purpose of
fattening and then driven to market in hot
weather, they sometimes are overcome by the heat.
Remember that cattle do not have to be exposed to
the direct rays of the sun to become prostrated,
for those that are in close, hot places often suffer.

82 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

Symptoms—Dullness, exhaustion, panting,
frothing at the mouth, tongue hanging out, un-
easiness, staggering gait, then falling and strug-
gling for some time and then may become very
quiet. In serious cases the attack may be very
sudden and the animal will become unconscious
without any previous symptoms of distress.

Treatment—lf the case is not severe the pa-
tient should be moved to some quiet place and
with rest and light diet a recovery will soon take
place. If the animal falls, apply cold water or ice
packs to the head and rub the limbs and body with
bunches of hay. If it can swallow, give spirits
of nitrous ether, three ounces to the pint of water,
or aqua ammonia one ounce to the pint of water,
and repeat in one hour. If these are not at hand
give one pint of whiskey in a quart of warm
water. If the animal goes down out in the hot sun
it should be removed to the shade as soon as pos-
sible. Give all the cold water it will drink. When
the animal is up and the strength is good give one
and one-half pounds of epsom salts before giving
much food. Just after the animal has suffered
from heatstroke the flesh is not fit for food.

LIGHTNING STROKE

When an animal is struck by lightning the
shock acts instantaneously on the nervous system
and, as a rule, death occurs at once; but if the

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 83

shock is not fatal, the animal becomes prostrated,
unconscious, and sometimes paralyzed.

Symptoms—The symptoms vary according to
the shock. The animal falls, the muscles may be
completely relaxed, the legs limber, the muscles
flabby and soft to the touch, sometimes convul-
sions, spasms and twitching of the muscles. Gen-
erally labored, irregular, or interrupted breath-
ing, and sometimes slower than normal. In some
cases the electricity singes the hair, inflicts
wounds, burns or blisters.

Treatment—As long as the heart keeps beating
it is advisable to keep trying to save the animal.
Dash cold water in the face and over the body,
rub the legs well and slap the body with wet tow-
els. Mustard mixed ina little warm water should
be rubbed on the back of the head, neck and limbs.
Give rectal injections of two ounces of hartshorn
well diluted with warm water and repeat every
four hours. This same treatment can be given
internally as soon as the animal is able to swal-
low. If the care-taker is careful it is well to let
the animal smell the hartshorn, but be careful
that not too much of it is inhaled. Artificial respi-
ration can be tried if necessary. After the serious
symptoms you should give two-dram doses of
sulphate of quinine twice daily. If there are any
abrasions, treat them antiseptically, the same as
any wound.

84. COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

CONTAGIOUS ABORTION

Any of the non-contagious forms of abortion
may become contagious if not taken care of at
the proper time. One of the most common causes
of contagious abortion is for a bull to serve a cow
from an aborting herd and then serve one from
a healthy herd. An aborting cow may come into
a healthy herd and not cause the herd to abort
for many months and again they may abort in a
few weeks. A good beginning for contagious
abortion is when a cow is not kept clean after
calving and allowed to run with the rest of the
herd. This may be transferred during feeding,
the cows licking each other or when a herd is at
pasture.

Preventive Treatment—Prevention first, if pos-
sible. Do not let your cows get run down and
poor or let their blood become thin. Be careful
as to the kind of feed, such as moldy feed or feed
spoiled while green by rain. Keep pure water
and always keep the tanks clean. Do not make
too sudden a change in the feed and, above all,
keep your cows clean during calving.

Treatment—First, separate all of your abort-
ing cows in clean building or yard and do not
leave any pregnant animals with them or near
them. |

Second, clean and wash out your stables sev-
eral times with any good antiseptic.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 85

Third, wash off the cow around the tail and
rump and inject about one quart of the following
solution each day for two or three weeks: One
tablespoonful of creolin, two ounces of alcohol
and two ounces of glycerine to one gallon of
warm water.

Fourth, in case of abortion the foetal mem-
branes should be removed at once and together
with fetus should be destroyed by burning, and
not buried.

Fifth, do not breed aborting cows for three or
four months and then use a separate bull, and
never use your herd bull.

NON-CONTAGIOUS ABORTION

OR THE SLINKING OF THE CALF

Abortion in the cow most frequently occurs at
those three-week intervals at which time the cow
would have been in heat if not pregnant. Poor
condition, weakness and a watery state of the
blood are the foremost causes. These are brought
on by poor feeding, from worms, leaving the calf
on the cow too long, damp unhealthy buildings,
disease of the abdominal organs, such as indi-
gestion, heart trouble and kidney or bladder
trouble. Moldy feed of any kind, kicks or strains,
cows riding each other, slipping on the ice, and
shipping are good causes. Among many other
causes may be named the death of the fetus

86 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

caused from the navel string becoming tied in a
knot and stopping the circulation.

Treatment—lIf{ symptoms of abortion have ap-
peared and the fetus is not dead, and if the waters
have not been discharged, nor the water bags
presented, attempts should be made to check the
progress. All causes should be removed and the
animal placed in a quiet, dark box stall and given
treatment to stop the labor pains. Give lauda-
num in one to two-ounce doses every three hours
until all labor pains have stopped. If this does
not hold them down give bromide of potassium
in teaspoonful doses every five hours until six
doses have been given, |

EVERSION OF THE WOMB

This is a result of failure of the womb to con-
tract after calving. When the womb fails to
contract the closed end of one of the horns (of the
womb) may fall into its open internal cavity, and
under the compression of the adjacent intestines,
it is forced farther and farther, until the whole
organ is turned outside in and then slides back
through the vagina and hangs from the vulva.
The womb can be distinguished between the blad-
der and vagina by the presence of the mushroom-
like bodies which are attached to it. After it is out
for some time it becomes inflamed and gorged
with blood until it is as large as a bushel basket.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 87

The surface of it has a dark red blood-like hue
and bleeds at the slightest touch. Just after the
protrusion the general health is not altered, but
after inflammation has set in and the violent
straining has caused exhaustion the cow lies
down and fails to rise. |
Treatment—Cleanliness is the main part of this
operation. If the animal is lying down it is best
to put an oilcloth under the womb and wash it off
very clean with cold water containing a small
amount of carbolic acid. If the animal is stand-
ing, this work is much easier. If the cow is
laboring or straining, have a helper to pinch her
on the back. Place the closed fist in the center of
the mass and push it back through the vagina and
assist in returning the surrounding parts with the
other hand. It is best after the womb has been
replaced to move the hand about inside to see that
the two horns are fully extended. After every-
thing is back to its place and if the cow is not
straining too much there should be three stitches
taken in the lips of the vulva which will prevent
the womb from returning in most cases. In some
cases this will not hold and there should be a truss
made of two ropes. Double each rope at its mid-
dle and place the rope so its ovoid ring will sur-
round the lips of the vulva and tie to a collar
which can be placed on the neck the same as a
horse collar. The straining can be stopped by

88 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

giving two or three ounces of laudanum or two
ounces of chloral hydrate.

EVERSION OF THE BLADDER

A true eversion of the bladder is something
that is almost unknown in the cow, due to the ex-
treme narrowness at its mouth. There are many
cases of protrusion of the bladder due to the tear-
ing of the vagina during calving. In this case
the bladder contains urine, which is never the
case in eversion, for in that case the bladder turns
inside out. If the bladder is in such shape in the
vulva so there cannot be a catheter passed, you
will have to take a small hypodermic needle and
stick this through any place that is well exposed
and draw off the water and then it is a very easy
matter to replace the organ. The opening in the
vagina can be stitched up, but the animal should
never be used for breeding purposes again.

MILK FEVER OR PARTURITION FEVER

This is a very peculiar disease and is confined
to the extra good cow; by this we mean the heavy
or rich milker, and is never found in the common
or poor cow. It generally comes on the cow from
one to five days after calving, but we have seen
three or four cases which came two or three days
before calving. Several writers will give you
different causes of this disease, but we find that

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 89

these all fail to be accurate and the exact cause
is yet unknown.

Symptoms—The cow becomes mopey, gets
weak in the hind limbs, staggers, and falls and
after getting up once or twice she falls and is
unable to rise. The main symptom that veteri-
narians go by is the S shape of the neck. This is
always the first prominent symptom. Sometimes
the cow becomes unconscious and in many cases
we find bloating.

Treatment—The most of the farmers, espe-
cially the dairy class, are up to date on this dis-
ease and have a milk fever outfit. This consists
of a syringe which has a sterilizer between the
bulb and where the milk tube is placed, the ster-
ilizer contains medicated cotton. Pumping up
the udder is the surest plan for there is no danger
of poisoning the bag if the tit tube is kept clean.
Tf the milk fever outfit is not at hand and the
patient is in bad condition, you can use a bicycle
pump by placing a rubber tube on the end so it
will hold a tit tube. Insert the tube into each
tit and pump the udder good and tight, tie a
carpet rag around each tit to keep the air from
escaping. Leave the air in the bag for two hours,
then take it all out by milking and massaging the
udder. After this treatment, if the animal is not
up and apparently all right in two hours, it can
be repeated. Give internally two drams of tinc-

90 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

ture of digitalis every hour until the animal gets
up. If the animal bloats it will have to be tapped
the same as described for bloating.

BLOODY MILK

Blood may escape with the milk when the udder
has been injured by blows, when it is congested
or inflamed, when the circulation has been in-
creased by rich feed or when the cow is excited
from heat. Tumors or induration of the glands
may be good causes, the irritation caused by milk-
ing will start the blood.

Treatment—The treatment will vary with the
cause. If the glands are congested, give one
and a half pounds of epsom salts and follow with
one-half ounce of saltpetre once daily. Bathe the
bag with hot water and follow with carbolized
vaseline. If it is due to the richness of the food
it should be reduced. Induration of the udder
can be met by rubbing the udder with iodine oint-
ment one part and soft soap two parts. Careful
milking is one of the main points.

MAMMITIS
This is an inflammation of the udder. The
causes of this are many and it generally comes
just before or just after calving.
Causes—Exposure to cold or wet, standing in
cold drafts, blows on the udder with clubs, stones,
horns, or feet; injuries from a sharp or cold

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 91

stone, or a nail sticking through the floor where
the animal lies, sudden changes in the weather,
overfeeding, especially with cotton seed meal,
peas or beans, sores on the tits, or from insuff-
cient stripping.

Symptoms—Heat or tenderness to the udder
are the first noticeable symptoms. When this has
tun for a, few days the hot, tender udder causes
the animal to straddle with the hind limbs and
when walking it stops on the affected side. When
the cow lies down it is always on the unaffected
side. When the bag becomes tight and is touched
it leaves the print of the finger. In all cases the
milk flow is suppressed and the milk replaced, at
- first with a watery fluid streaked with blood, then
with clotted milk, and finally with puss. Some-
times this disease runs a rapid course and at
other times it is very slow.

_ Treatment—In most cases the animal has a
chill and this must be the first thing to look after
by blanketing the animal, giving warm water in-
jections and one-half pint of whiskey in one quart
of warm water. Milk the cow out well and mas-
sage the bag with the warm milk and follow with
camphorated ointment which must be rubbed in
well. Be very careful about milking and if the
udder is very tender this is best done with a milk-
ing tube. Give a good physic, such as two pounds
of epsom salts and one ounce of powdered ginger ;

92 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

follow this with daily doses of saltpetre. Hot
water fomentations or hot salt and vinegar are
very beneficial if the swelling is advanced. If
there is much pain the udder can be rubbed with
belladonna or soap ointment. If an abscess forms
it should be opened as soon as possible and treated
the same as that given in abscesses.

CONGESTION OF THE UDDER
OR GARGET

It is a rule in heavy milk cows that just before
and after calving that the mammary glands are
enlarged, hot, tense and tender and there is a
pasty swelling in front of the udder on the lower
surface of the abdomen. In most cases this con-
gestion leaves in a few days after the milk-flow
gets a good start. This can be broken up very
easily by letting a hungry calf knead the udder
with its nose or by stripping the udder out three
times daily and rubbing it well with the milk.
In many cases where the owner is going to have
a sale, or neglects the milking to show the cow’s
udder, it is followed by congestion. Some cases
of congestion go so far that pus forms. In
these severe cases the udder should be rubbed
well with camphorated ointment.

COWPOX

This is a contagious inflammation of the udder
which is spread mainly by the hands of the milker

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 93!

and not from one animal to another. In some
cases where the man that milks also grooms the
horses, he can carry it to the horses and it affects
the heels and lips. This disease is considered the
same as smallpox in the person.

Symptoms—tThe first symptoms are tenderness
of the tits and a slight fever which is preceded by
a chill. The tits become redder and warmer and
at the end of a few days are covered with little
pea-shaped nodules which in some cases become
an inch in diameter. The milk-flow is diminished
and when the ulcers are on the tit where there is
no hair they form a blister which must be opened
in several places to allow the escape of the pus.
If these nodules form in the hair they do not
raise as a blister but keep secreting a straw colored
fluid. In this last form when the pus escapes
there is a scab forms and in a few days this drops
off and healing takes place, but leaves a few pits
in the skin. But in the tits the healing is very
slow and the tit becomes very sore, due to the
milking which keeps the sore aggravated.

Treatment—Gentle milking and the use of a
tit tube is better than the hand. Any treatment
that will heal a sort tit is advisable. Wash the
tit with a solution of one tablespoonful of creolin
to a quart of warm water to keep the germ from
spreading.

94 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

CARPED TITS

This may be caused by anything that will irri-
tate them, such as the powerful sucking of the
calf, the chilling of the tits after the calf has just
sucked, the wind striking the tit after it has been
milked with a wet hand, direct contact with cold
water, or the coming in contact with the filth
while lying down in the stable. This may be
slight or it may form large sores and cause re-
tention of the milk or inflammation of the udder.
Applications of vaseline are soothing and in mild
forms will heal them in a short time. If this does
not heal it readily, you can add twelve grains of
balsam of peru to each ounce of vaseline. The
home remedy of tallow is a very useful one. If
the sores become large ones, it can be washed
with the following: One ounce of sugar of lead,
one ounce of sulphate of zinc, one-half ounce of
belladonna to one pint of warm water and wash
twice daily.

WARTS

Warts in cattle may come any place, but they
are generally found on the udder or tits. The
warts on the body vary in size from that of a pea
to a walnut. Those on the udder and tit are gen-
erally small, but may come in very large bunches,
sometimes they cover all four teats and part of
the udder.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 95

Treatment—The large body warts should be
treated the same as those in the horse. Scrape
the wart until it is raw and cover it with powdered
arsenic every other day until it drops off and
treat the wound antiseptically. The other warts
can be removed by bathing the parts freely with
castor oil twice daily.

WARBLES OR BOTS

These bots are about one-half an inch long
and resemble a bee. They appear in warm
weather and lay their eggs upon the cattle; they
often frighten the stock and cause them to stam-
pede. Some say that the fly penetrates the skin
and leaves the eggs under it while others claim
that the egg is laid on the skin and is licked off
_ by the cattle and the infection comes through the
mouth. These warbles may appear under the
skin on any part of the body. They are some-
times found deep in the back and in the spinal
canal. These generally appear from the first of
January to the last of May. Where these mature
the bots work their way out and drop to the
ground and remain there for about a month.
These warbles sometimes weaken the animal and
cause a decrease in the milk-flow. Early in the
season the swelling should be injected with kero-
sene or the grub should be pressed out and de-

96 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

stroyed. Some advise a coating with train oil
two or three times during the season.

CONTAGIOUS SCOURS IN CALVES

This causes more deaths than any other disease
in young calves. This appears just after birth
and never later than the second day.

Symptoms—Great dullness, weakness, prostra-
tion, sunken eyes, retracted belly, short hurried
breathing, very low temperature; the calf lies on
its side with the head resting on the ground. The
discharge from the bowels is yellowish white and
very offensive. Death generally follows in from
twenty-four to thirty-six hours. When one calf
in the herd dies with this it will almost invariably
affect all the other calves born in the herd and
will stay with the stables for years. If a calf
does recover from this disease it is a very fit sub-
ject for some form of lung trouble.

Treatment—There is no treatment for the sick
calf, but the object should be preventive. When
this attacks a herd the cows that are springing
should be kept in quarters as far from the cow
stable as possible. After a healthy calf is two
weeks old there is no danger in this form of
scours. The cow stable should be kept very
clean and kept well disinfected for at least a year
before letting any cows calve in it.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 97

DEHORNING

Dehorning in the old countries is against the
law because they think that it is cruelty to ani-
mals. We think, in this country, that it is not
cruelty to animals to dehorn, but cruelty to
animals and to people not to dehorn. This opera-
tion is easiest done when the calf is but two or
three days old. Lay the calf on its side and it is
very easy to hold with the help of one assistant.
Clip the hair around the frontal bone, where the
horns begin to form and use a stick of caustic
potash, dip this in cold water and rub the horn
well for fifteen seconds, then turn to the other
side and repeat the same thing; by this time the
first side has become dry and it is well to go over
both a second time. This should be done to all
cattle that are kept to be cows or steers. The
herd bull should be left along until he finds out
the use of them and then they should be sawed
off, which makes a very gentle animal out of him.
This form of dehorning can be done either by
throwing the animal or by placing him in a chute.
Hither way is practical, just so you have the
animal secure and in a position that you can get
to the horn. This is best done with an ordinary
jointing saw and should be done quietly and
quickly. This can be done any time except in fly
time. Cold water or a little flour is the only
dressing that is necessary.

98 | COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE
ECZEMA

This is a non-contagious inflammation ot the
skin, accompanied by itching, ending in a watery
discharge with the formation of crusts or in scal-
ing off. This may run a light course and then
leave or it may become chronic. This is more
common in horses than in cattle. Among cattle
it is caused by filthy stables, lousiness, overfeed-
ing, excessive damp or too warm stables, incor-
rect use of blisters, by turpentine or mustard,
using too strong louse medicine or fly-killer.
Cattle that are fed on the refuse from distilleries
are generally attacked on the legs.

Symptoms—lItching, swelling of the skin,
rounded elevations of the skin, which contain a
clear watery fluid, exudation of pus, scaling off
and redness or thickening of the skin. Some-
times they rub until the skin becomes so raw it
bleeds. This disease may come in small areas
or it may come all over the body. In old standing
cases the skin will break and form fissures espe-
cially on the neck and limbs where they bend.

Treatment—Eczema is very hard to treat for
there is no certain line of treatment that can be
used, even if you do begin early. If the cause is
the general health of the animal, it should be
looked after before you can derive any benefit
from other treatment. Under any circumstances

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 99

give a good blood tonic for which use Fowler’s
solution of arsenic in the feed. Tablespoonful
in feed twice daily. Wash the whole body with
a creolin solution, about four ounces to the gallon
of water. Then rub well the affected parts with
benzoated oxide of zinc ointment. If the itching
is too severe, you can wash the parts with two
drams of boracic acid to the quart of warm water.
Do not wash the body too much as it might prove
very harmful.

BOILS OR FURUNCULUS

This is an acute affection which usually in-
volves the whole thickness of the skin and is
characterized by the formation of abscesses.
These usually terminate by absorption or by the
formation of a sore which sloughs out and leaves
a deep cavity, which soon heals.

Causes—A bad state of the blood which is gen-
_ erally caused by indigestion or kidney trouble.

Symptoms—Boils in cattle generally come
singly and not in bunches; they vary in size from
that of a pea to that of a hen’s egg. At first the
abscess is very small, painful to the touch, and
gradually increases in size until the death of the
central portion takes place and the core is
released.

Treatment—If the boil is where you can, it
should be poulticed and if not use a strong lini-

100 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

ment until it becomes ripe. As soon as the most
prominent part becomes soft it should be opened
and the core squeezed out. Use carbolized vase-
line until the hole is well filled up. If the animal
is in poor health give the following tonic: Cop-
peras, nux vomica, gentian and ginger equal
parts, one tablespoonful twice daily.

LUMP JAW OR ACTINOMYCOSIS

This is a very common disease among cattle-
men and is thought to be brought on by an ex-
ternal injury, but there is always a parasite in
the lump which causes the bone to become dis-
eased. Some lump jaws are hard from the
beginning and never become soft; these are the
ones that do not respond to treatment. The most
cases start with a soft, mushy growth which is
attached both to the skin and the bone. These
often break both on the inside and outside. When
they break on the inside a few of the molar teeth
become loose and it interferes with eating.
When it breaks on the outside it forms a fistulous
tract.

Treatment—The lump before it breaks should
be bathed or painted with tincture of iodine.
After it breaks it should be injected with the same
once daily. Give internally iodide of potassium
in one and one-half dram doses twice daily for
ten days, and stop ten, and repeat, if necessary.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 101

Some have good results by cutting the lump off
the jaw and burning it with a hot iron. This
treatment I have tried but have not found it
satisfactory.

FOUNDER OR LAMINITIS

This.is an inflammation of the sensitive struc-
tures within the wall of the hoof which, in many
cases, ends in suppuration and the loss of one
or both toes.

Causes—lIn cattle it is caused by overfeeding,
overheating, standing on a cement floor without
bedding or exercise, or by driving a long dis-
tance over a rough road.

Symptoms—The feet become very hot, some-
times swell, the animal is unwilling to stand, and
if pressure is used on the foot with pinchers it
will show signs of pain. When the animal is
made to move, the steps are very short and hesi-
tating. Asa rule they keep eating and drinking.
The temperature is high and the breathing fast.
Founder can affect all four feet, but as a rule it
comes in the front ones.

Treatment—If possible stand the animal in
running water with a soft bottom, and if not, use
cold packs on the feet. This treatment will be suf-
ficient, except the giving of a good physic of two
pounds of epsom salts, and if necessary you can
follow with ounce-doses of saltpetre twice daily.

102 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

LOSS OF (OOF

The toes of one or more hoofs may come off
as a result of founder. A cow will sometimes
become fastened between planks or other ways
and pull off the walls of one or both toes in order
to free themselves.

Treatment—Wash the bleeding surface with
some good antiseptic and then with alum water.
Apply a thick coat of pine tar, cover this with
cotton and apply another coat of tar and bandage
this good and tight. This may stay on until a
new horn is formed unless pus forms or it gives
off a bad odor. If the pus escapes from under ~
the dressing the bandage should be removed and
the wound cleansed and redressed.

FOOT ROT OR FOUL IN FEET

This is an inflammation of the feet which
comes between the toes.

Causes—Filthy stables, hardening of soil be-
tween the toes, like an ingrown toe nail in man.
It may be due to the overgrowth of the toes, or
it can come from foreign bodies being wedged
between the toes. This can spread from the pus
formed in the diseased cattle and become con-
tagious. It generally occurs in the hind feet, but
can affect all four.

Symptoms—The first thing observed is the
limp in walking. On examination of the foot we

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 103

find heat, swelling above the hoof, spreading of
the toes, and if the inflammation is deep-set there
will be pus formed in the membranes between the
toes. If this is not taken care of in time there will
be deep abscesses formed which will destroy the
articular attachments. In this case healing will
be very slow.

Treatment—tIn the first stages the pure creolin
is the best treatment. If the pus has not bur-
rowed beneath the horn, it is advisable to cleanse
it with a strong carbolic acid solution, as one
ounce to the pint of water, and above all, keep
the stables clean. If sloughing has taken place
the membranes should be cleansed with the car-
bolic or creolin solutions, and a wad of cotton
covered with pine tar should be secured between
the toes. In most cases poulticing with flaxseed
meal is advisable. If the pus has burrowed be-
neath the horn, there must be a drainage made
by cutting away the horn and using the fore-
going treatment. If the joint has become dis-
eased an amputation of one of the toes is the
surest and quickest method for an early recovery.

DROPSY

In dropsy there is serious or watery fluid
formed in the cavity around the abdomen.

Causes—This generally occurs in old animals
that are fed poor feed or some that are diseased,

104. COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

due to the impoverished state of the blood. In-
sufficient quantity and poor quality of food can
cause dropsy in the young animal. This can
come from inflammation of the liver and from
heart and lung diseases. It is a very good symp-
tom of worms in calves.
Symptoms—The flanks become hollow, the ab-
domen increases in size at the lower part, loss
of appetite, sluggish in gait and the chewing of
the cud is irregular, If examined closely you
may discover fluid around the abdomen.
Treatment—Find the cause and remove it be-
fore beginning with any treatment. Give good
rich food and if in cold weather the animal should
be clothed to keep it warm. If the trouble is in
the blood give a tablespoonful of the following
powder three times daily: Powdered gentian,
two ounces; powdered ginger, two ounces; car-
bonate of iron, two ounces, and powdered nitrate
of potash, three ounces. A good physic should
be given each day. This laxative will keep the
blood thin and keep the bowels in a watery state.

ERGOTISM

Cattle are more subject to this disease than
any other animal. This is generally found in
rich lands and in hot and wet seasons. Rye is
more subject to this than any other crop. Of the
grasses that make hay, blue grass is the most

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 105

common, but it can come on red top, oats or
other grains. This fungus forms itself on the
seeds of the plant and they become much larger
and harder than the natural seeds. The result
of the animal eating this is that it shuts off the
circulation to the extremities. It usually affects
the ears, feet and tail and as soon as the circula-
tion all shuts off the part soon dies. When it
affects the limb the animal will become lame and
a crack will form above the part where the cir-
culation is shut off and the lower part of the leg
or toes will drop off without the loss of any blood.
This may act on the digestive tract and cause
great irritation, or it may act on the nervous sys-
tem and cause paralysis. In many cases it has
caused abortion.

Treatment—This is very tedious if it has run
very long, but if it is found in time you can use
strong antiseptics which may save much trouble.
To dilate the blood vessels give chloral hydrate
and always give enough castor oil daily to keep
the bowels loose. If the sloughing is very far
advanced the diseased part will have to be ampu-
tated, if it is a part that can be taken off,

RETENTION OF THE AFTERBIRTH

This is most commonly seen in aborting cows
and in old, thin ones, but can happen to any cow.
It is caused in some cases by the womb closing

106 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

too soon around the bulk after the afterbirth and
in others by the animal not having enough energy
to expel it. An animal that is allowed to drink
cold water just after calving, or one that has
been milked out too soon, are very good subjects
for this.

Symptoms—These are generally very plain as
the membranes generally hang from the vulva
and rot away gradually and cause a very offen-
sive odor. When the womb closes the afterbirth
that is retained begins to decay and escapes
through the vulva leaving a very offensive pool
on the floor and it mats the hair of the tail to-
gether. This soon leads to ill health, getting
poor and drying up of the milk.

Treatment—This varies according to the con-
dition of the patient. If it is caused by drinking
cold water or being in poor health the animal
should be fed good warm bran mashes contain-
ing a little ginger or black pepper and some good
clover hay and this followed with a light physic
of Glaubers salts. If the animal is in good condi-
tion the afterbirth should be removed with the
hand, which is very easy if done carefully. This
is done on the same principle as unbuttoning a
shoe. Have an attendant to hold the tail to one
side and let the operator grease the hands with
carbolized vaseline or lard and seize the after-
birth with the left hand and introduce the right

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 10%

hand into the right side of the vagina and womb.
Go back till he reaches the first cotyledon or
mushroom-shaped mass, to these the after-birth
is connected by a thin sheath which is very easily
detached with the forefinger and thumb; loosen
all of these as far back as the horns of the womb
and by using a little pressure with the left hand
the afterbirth will drop out in a mass.

CHOKING

This occurs when the animal tries to swallow
too large an object, such as a potato, turnip, apple,
pear or a beet and in some few cases where they
are very greedy, bran, chaff or some finely di-
vided food can cause it.

Symptoms—Coughing very often, discharge of
saliva from the mouth, and when drinking or eat-
ing the contents come back through the nose, the
breathing is short, sometimes there is bloating
and in some cases where the throat is not entirely
closed, the water the animal drinks will pass
down, but it shows great pain while swallowing.
If the obstruction is in the throat it may be felt
as a lump on the left side. |

Treatment—lIf the object is in the upper throat
place a gag in the animal’s mouth and pass the
hand back very slowly and grasp the object, re-
moving it as slowly as possible. If the choke is
not solid it can be removed by using pressure on

108 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

the outside. If it should be of soft food use raw
linseed oil as a drench until it soaks loose. If
none of the foregoing forms will remove it use
a small piece of garden hose to push it down.
The main danger in using the hose is when it is
started into the throat; it should be greased well
and started slowly.

es

A
5
|

i

YHOG CHOUERA

Hog cholera in this country causes an annual
loss of many millions of dollars and makes dis-
astrous inroads into the available meat supply of
the country. The loss from this disease is yearly
increasing and unless more serious consideration
is given to its control, prevention and eradication
the much discussed famine may become a reality.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

Hog cholera is prevalent in every state in the
Union although the most serious outbreaks occur
in the corn belt. This disease was probably in-
troduced from England, about the year 1833.

CAUSE

The direct cause of the disease is an ultra-
visible organism present in the tissues, excre-
tions and secretions of cholera hogs and which
produces hemorrhagic inflammations in the body
of the infected animals; the lungs, intestines, kid-
neys, liver and lymphatic glands being the parts
most commonly affected. The extensive preva-
lence of this disease is due chiefly to the lack of
proper quarantine laws, improper feeding and
filthy and unsanitary conditions too often com-
mon in hog houses and yards.

111

112 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

HOW SPREAD

The infection is spread from one herd to an-
other by dogs and birds which may have visited
infected yards or fed upon carcasses left to de-
compose in the fields; by droppings from wagons,
freight cars and crates used in transporting
cholera hogs; by running streams which may
pass through infected regions; by bringing dis-
eased animals into the herd, or may be carried in
excretions clinging to the feet of men or farm
animals in going from one pen to another.

SYMPTOMS

The symptoms of hog cholera are not constant,
but may vary with each individual and with each
herd. The disease may appear in an acute or a
chronic form, differing chiefly in duration, 1. e.,
linger on for weeks. Also in some outbreaks
practically the whole herd will be affected while
in other cases only a few may be attacked. Com-
monly a general listlessness will be first observed.
The hogs will refuse to eat, or eat very little, the
ears will droop and the tail lose its curl. The
pigs will huddle in their sleeping quarters and
resent being stirred out. In walking they may
seem stiff and sore and seem to be weak in the
hind quarters. A hacking cough and watering
of the eyes are commonly present. Constipation
will be present at first, followed by a persistent

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 113

diarrhoea, showing characteristic foul black ex-
cretions. The infected animals will also develop
a fever, showing a rise in the temperature to
from 104 to 109 degrees Farenheit. The normal
temperature varying from 100 to 1034 degrees
Farenheit.

POST-MORTEM INDICATIONS

The post-mortem findings of an affected car-
cass are characteristic of cholera. The skin on
the belly and other tender parts of the body shows
livid red or purple blotches. The lymph glands
of the body are enlarged and red or grayish red
in color. The lungs have red patches and usually
show congestion. The kidneys show small red
spots and on the intestines are also red, inflamed
patches and button ulcers.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Care should be taken to provide the hogs with
clean feed and water, clean feeding floors and
troughs, and clean sleeping quarters. Where
cholera is prevalent the yards should not border
running water or public roads. Keep all persons,
dogs and pet animals from going among the herd
and do not go from other yards into your own
without properly disinfecting your shoes and
clothes. Do not permit new hogs to come into
your herd without first quarantining them from

8

114 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

four to six weeks. No animal should be brought
onto the place for service. Disinfect the pens and
troughs daily and keep hogs in the best possible
condition of thrift.

Above all, the greatest assurance of safety is
to have all hogs vaccinated with anti-hog cholera
serum, to prevent the disease absolutely.

TREATMENT OF CHOLERA HERD

When an outbreak of cholera appears on the
farm the herd should be quarantined and every
care taken to prevent the spread of the disease.
The houses and yards should be thoroughly
cleansed and disinfected and in the warm months
good range and shade should be provided. In
the winter dry, well ventilated sleeping quarters
and clean, well drained yards should be provided.
At the first appearance of the outbreak or sub-
acute form of the disease it may be practical to
remove the sick from the well hogs.

A light ration of thin slop should be fed and
the troughs cleansed, disinfected and turned up-
side down after each feeding. All dead hogs
should be burned and at the end of the outbreak,
the houses, yards and floors should be cleansed
and disinfected. If all litter is cleaned away, the
sunlight and drying may destroy the infection in
the fields in a few months,

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 115

VACCINATION

The use of anti-hog cholera serum for protec-
tion of hogs against and treatment of hog cholera
has been practiced for four or five years. The
serum is the defibrinated blood secured by bleed-
ing a hog that has been hyperimmunized by the
injection of large quantities of hog cholera blood
directly or indirectly into the circulation of the
animal,

In the vaccination of the hog by the single
method a dose of anti-hog cholera serum is
given alone. This method produces immunity
that may last no longer than four weeks.

The double method of vaccination consists in
giving the hog anti-hog cholera serum and hog
cholera blood.

‘Hogs showing visible symptoms of hog cholera
or an abnormal temperature should be given anti-
hog cholera serum only.

The doses recommended in the double method
or simultaneous vaccination work vary but
slightly with the recommendations of the differ-
ent serum plants. Pigs weighing fifty to eighty
pounds receive one-half of a cubic centimeter per.
pound of body weight. Hogs weighing eighty to
one hundred pounds receive forty to sixty-five
cubic centimeters, and hogs of from two hundred
to three hundred pounds receive sixty-five to

116 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

ninety cubic centimeters per pound body weight.
The dose of cholera blood is one to two cubic
centimeters. |

The injections of serum and cholera blood may
be made within the arms, in the sides of the neck -
or in the insides of the thighs. Separate syringes
should be used for the cholera blood and the
serum. The cholera blood should not be injected
in the same region as the serum. In small pigs
not more than five cubic centimeters, and in large
hogs not more than twenty cubic centimeters
should be injected at any one point. The body
temperature of the hog should be taken. A body
temperature of 104 degrees in a young hog and a
body temperature of 10314 degrees in the mature
hog indicate fever. Cholera hogs in advanced
stages of the disease or diseased hogs kept in cold,
exposed pens may show lower body temperatures
than mentioned.

Diseased hogs treated with serum should re-
ceive from one and one-half to twice the simul-
taneous-vaccination doses. Hogs having an ab-
normal body temperature, due to other causes
than cholera infection, should be given serum
alone, and later vaccinated by the double method.
Any conditions, such as excitement, exercise, or
heavy feeding which tend to raise the body tem-
perature should be avoided.

Hogs to be vaccinated by the simultaneous

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 117

method should not be fed for about twelve hours
before the work is done, and following vaccina-
tion, a light, laxative diet should be provided.
Great care should be practiced in handling preg-
nant sows and the dose of serum increased.

The region of injection should be thoroughly
cleansed and disinfected and the needle should
be disinfected before and after each injection.
Every care should be taken to prevent the con-
tamination of the serum or the blood. The
wounds produced by the needle should be cov-
ered by an antiseptic paste and the hogs given
clean pens or range free from wallows or water-
holes. These precautions should be taken to pre-
vent the infection of the wounds which might
produce abscesses, tumors or blood poisoning.
‘Should abscesses form, they should be opened to
allow drainage, and thoroughly cleansed.

Pigs weighing less than fifty pounds should
not be vaccinated by the simultaneous method,
but if the mother is vaccinated or if infection is
present in the pens, the pigs should be given a
protective dose of serum and later vaccinated by
the simultaneous method. Pigs weighing ten
to twenty pounds should receive ten cubic centi-
meters of anti-hog cholera serum, and pigs
weighing from twenty to fifty pounds one-half
cubic centimeter per pound, body weight.

The conditions met with in the field will cause

118 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

variations in the vaccination methods, but by the
practice of necessary precautions and use of
proper methods hogs can be immunized against
hog cholera with no great danger from loss. Per-
manent immunity is conferred only when the
simultaneous method is used.

WORMS

This is the most common trouble that we find
in hogs. These worms may be found in the
stomach, intestines, and sometimes in the lungs.
There are many ways to free the hogs of worms,
but like the horse, the worm treatment should be
given on an empty stomach. When treatment is
to be given the hog should go for twenty-four
hours without any feed and then the worm medi-
cine should be given in the slop or some palatable
food.

Treatment—Santonin is a very good remedy
for worms. It should be thoroughly dissolved in
warm water and then mixed with the slop and
fed to the hogs.. An ounce of santonin is suffh-
cient for fifty hogs weighing too pounds each.
This should always be followed with a physic of
Epsom salts. The salts are also to be given in
the slop.

Prevention—The best way to handle worms in
the swine is to prevent them. Hogs that are well
fed and kept on a balanced ration are more able

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 119

to resist the worm than the poor hog. A hog that
is fed plenty of mineral matter is not likely to be
bothered with worms or any other form of dis-
ease. By giving it free access to various mineral
substances such as wood charcoal, air-slacked
lime, coal cinders or the pure coal, the hog will
take care of the worm evil without further treat-
ment. Always guard against foul water, for this
is an excellent place for worms to develop.

THUMPS

This is a very common ailment among young
pigs, and under certain conditions it will happen
in the older hogs. It occurs most frequently in
young pigs that do not have enough exercise.
The symptoms are labored, jerky breathing simi-
_lar to heaves in the horse. The easiest cure is to
remove the cause, but this is not as easy as to
prevent it. The best prevention is to have an
abundance of exercise, and if this cannot be sup-
plied the ration should be reduced. If the thumps
become very severe the hog should be bled some
by cutting off the end of the tail. Always keep
plenty of salt to the young pigs, especially the
ones that do not have enough exercise.

SCOURS

Scours in pigs usually results from improper
feeding or by contagion. Improper feeding that

120 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

causes scours is an excess of feed or sudden
changes in the feeds as from sweet to sour or
from sour to sweet feeds. This usually comes
just after farrowing or at weaning time. The
sow should be very carefully fed just before and
after farrowing time. At weaning time the pigs
should be very carefully fed, especially when
feeding skimmed milk. If the pig receives too
large an amount of this it will get an excess of
protein which will always start a case of the
scours. Sudden changes in the feed will start
scours in many cases, especially when the feed
they are changed to is not as good as the regular
rations.

Treatment—First seek the cause and remove
it. If the pigs are not weaned the sow should re-
ceive the treatment. The only medical treatment
that is needed is a good physic of epsom salts fol-
lowed with some good wholesome food. After a
case of scours the pens should be thoroughly
cleansed or the pigs moved to new quarters,

LICk

The hog louse is a flat, oval insect of a dark
color and about the size of a grain of wheat when
full grown. It lives on the skin of the hog and
saps the blood, which reduces the vitality of the
animal, and when badly infested causes the hog
to become very unthrifty.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 121

Means of Destroying—The mud wallow is the
best natural means of destroying the lice. There
are many hogs that have free access to the mud
wallows and water wallows that have never had
lice. Hog lice cannot live under a coating of mud,
consequently when a hog has access to a mud
wallow and covers himself entirely over with
mud, the lice will be destroyed or driven off.
When a mud wallow is used it should be kept
sanitary. A very good way to do this is to have
a small stream of water running through it at
all times. In case you cannot have a mud wallow
you can use water instead if the wallow is kept
sanitary. Other ways to destroy the lice is to use
a dipping tank or spray the hogs with crude oil
or kerosene.

ABSORBENT LINIMENT

5
Mr todine! 5 Vike Lies 202.
Te Cantharides.. 000 5a: 2 OZ.
Om Oreanunn. 1) 0 use 20z. Mix

Sig: Apply once every other day for five
applications.

CONDITION POWDERS

BR

GEIR OCG Ue SNe 3 02.

@reani artar ie: vee BOZ!

Ry Gentian Ge sk 2 OZ.

Pvau SUipaur. bo Behe a 3 02.

Pwd. Nitrate Potash....... 3 Oz.

vs OSM ai Grae oh. 302.

Black Antimony.) 80) SOz:

Pivecseedi Veale iN icy 160z. Mix
Sig: Teaspoonful night and morning.
PPIZOOLIC
BR

Sweet Spirits Nitre........ LOZ.

Ur wAeomibes ais uo ie I Oz.

Tr Belladonna oi ioe an I Oz.

ALG CODA Ore MLC NMR Bogs)! Max

Sig: Teaspoonful three or four times daily.
125

126

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

DISTEMPER POWDERS

B
Pwd. Licorice Root........ 8 oz.
Pwd. Foenugreek. 2 0. 052 8 oz.
Pwd. Elecampane. ......... 8 oz.
Pwd. Blood Root, oan ou. 4 OZ.
Tartar Emetics yee vee I Oz.
Ginger... ion oe ae 202.
Capsicum yi. chameys nen 20z. Mix
Sig: Tablespoonful twice daily.
WORMS
B
Saloiiel yous simone 3. dram
Sartar (emetic. eeu 14 dram.
Linseed, Meal dain uk I) om
MONUPTEEK 2 ape I 02, ie

(Divide in three powders. )
Sig: Give one powder each night for three
nights and follow with one and one-half
pints raw linseed oil.

SCOURS AND DIARRHOEA

BR
Dane L515 MMR RR Hea eh I Oz.
White Oak Bark Grd...... I Oz.
Pdw;, Catecha sau Y%oz. Mix

Sig: Give at one dose in sweet milk or
gruel; repeat if needed.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 127

CAUSTIC LINIMENT

BR
Sulphric Acide.) ae I Oz.
Murpentine vie 6 oz.
Craton Oi) Oye sha I OZ.
Bichloride Mercury....... 60 grs.
Camphor) Gum.) jj) 4) 058 Y oz.
Cotton’ Seed Oilk. > 2 2k. 8 oz. Mix

(To be prepared by druggist. )
Sig: Apply twice daily.
HEAVE REMEDY
B
Pye lsaitaa Panis Sle LM ewes elas 4 OZ.
Balsany (\Copaibas).)./4) 054: 40z. Mix
(Calcined Magnesia enough to make
into balls. Divide into thirty balls. )
Sig: Give one each night and morning for
a week,

MOSQUITO OIL. To Keep flies off horses.

B
Carbohic Acid sie. ie OZ
Oi. Reunyrovali ied els. a: 4 OZ.
Spits Camphorive (he? Gi 4 OZ.
Gly ceniae ts wary ash iai aes, 4 OZ.
Oily Mare aD. Gee Bic Tae ne 8 oz
Ear OM eal leas oan 8oz. Mix

Sig: Use as often as necessary.

128

IO.

Il.

12.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

COUGH POWDER

B
Blood )Reatu ea 2 Oz.
Pwd, Ginger. 00 Cy ae 2 OZ.
Pwd. Fenugreek cya 2 02.
Pwd. Licorice Root........ 4 02.
Pwd. Lobelia 2.020 Ne I OZ.
Pwd. Tartar Emetie:( )iJ\jid): 4 oz
Pwd Ipecae! oo aka ie Y4 oz.
Pad, Opium (yey aula ante Y oz.

Mix

Sig: Tablespoonful three times daily in wet
bran. Keep horse well covered; change

bed each day.

HEEL SALVE (Cracked Hoofs)
BR

Basmala, SNe ss os I Oz.
Red) Ox: Mercury. cig 2) ouie ae.
Lianoline Ce aE aa 2108:

Sig: Apply once daily.
BLISTER. Extra Strong.

B
LE 9 AONE HAL SUPT A 4 OZ
Corrosive Sublimate....... YZ oz
Pwd) \Cantharidesi: iii jin 2 0Z
Terpentineg iti) yay 4 oz.

Mix

Mix

Sig: Apply and rub well until the desired

effect is obtained.

F3:

14.

15.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 129

HEAVE REMEDY

B

Morphine yaa a 50 er.

Bn NV Creosote va halen:

AE CTE GDEM AG Ns ici NRO ee

OAD Clovesie ii kne ln. aca ee ae

OP hemlock 4. sy une:

Turpentine ef each. ....... 4 oz
Lee he (0 a NAB oa ae Ipt. Mix

Sig: Tablespoonful every third day in bran
mash. Two to five doses stops for from
four to six months.

BARBED WIRE LINIMENT

B
iiss AOE AS en ue
Gea Oia eile! Mec.

CONE VEE Ie Yaa Ml ARI aaa a at 40z. Mix
(Simple but most effective.)
Sig: Apply two or three times daily.
SCRATCHES (and Heel Cracks)
B

SUL PAU wea nnnar eae. I Oz.
Weallow: @harcoal cute a, YZ oz.
| IDeh od Sha ane et EMU aA 1 Oz, | Mix

Sig: Wash with castile soap and apply

salve.
9

130

16.

17.

18.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

SPAVIN BLISTER
B

aries ae ae Gee 4 OZ.
Sulfuric acnd..)) 2 vanan,
Oil Organum.... 4 0z.
Paes ees 2 OZ.

Pwd. Spanish Fly. 2 oz.

blistered.

PHYSIC BALLS
h

AOR Se 2 eee ie
Garabope? es heen
Bucorice: Rt. Pw gigi
OEE STEM op (IRM Rae cre Bs
Sierras 2 ae ag
soap rowder,)..2 33a.
Syrup to make mass....

Mix thoroughly
Sig: Apply every other day until well

(Divide into ten balls.)
Sig: Give one and repeat in four to six

hours if needed.

PIN WORMS
5

Quassia ‘Chips. iy.
Boiling Water...) 5.

(Let stand until cold; strain.)
Sig: Inject one pint each day for four days.

Y gal.

Mix

Mix

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

I9. GENERAL LINIMENT

BR
NY Tes Clay a RNAS IC le ale Ca I dr.
@al Oreantinaly yo 34) Boz:
Oil Elemilock seu iia? as I Oz.
Oil, Sassairass wo seoe vas os Hi OZ.
Oil Turpentine cs ent I Oz.
Gan Camphor 2 sea I OZ.
Miah Capsicum is wage eho YZ oz
Mey Miverh ss 2k to ar 4 oz
Bey benzoin Compt. sesh Y oz
JEN (GEN G10) NOVA NE apie aaa Far Ni 5 Oz.
Com Oi eee 5 Oz.

Sig: Bathe parts twice daily.

20) FLOOR ‘OL.

B
Nedts oot Oils 2S. 4 OZ.
sMEpelntiie.: Hee ON Ae oe: 2s Oz
COTS Dee Wg ATA Ma oe ree Se oOZe
Oil Ore ames Nis 8 es he 14 oz.

Sig: Apply once daily.

2 LIOUID BLISTER

B
Pwd. Cantharides') 0700.2; 2 02.
Birpentines yc Mae veo 6 oz.

131

Mix

Mix

Mix

Sig: Rub in well every other day until

well blistered.

132

22.

2a)

24.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

CONCEPTION POWDERS
(For backward mares)

5B
ROSH ea 2 OZ.
Nitrate Potashs.).. jie 4 OZ
51h 16k Gane RSH I) EL pal) 4 OZ.
Fron: Carbonate. aici ipvee? 1oz. Mix

Sig: Mix with peck wheat bran and feed
common handful three times a day for
three weeks before taking horse.

8.8 i! G

B
SOT VAISAROOLIGS oie ya Oe Li 1. Wize
le i, Ose ga AVS UREN 14 oz.
COMO ROTOR iss MAMA eae YZ oz.

Arom. Spirits Ammonia...3. oz. Mix
Sig: Tablespoonful every fifteen or twenty
minutes.

RING BONE AND SPAVIN

B
Bichloride, Mereury..)) 02, 10 ers.
GU Ne wes) oc EMMA 2 2 On;
Gil Peppermints). ison I2 oz.
Tp Pedi. a4) CaN eat 12'02,,),// ae

Sig: Give rest and apply every morning
for five days.
(Softens and prevents cracks)

on.

26.

Zu

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 133

RACE HORSE LEG AND BODY WASH

i
Onl Mustard (Eiss.) 2 20./2 2 dr.
Asc) Casi cna eeu s An I Oz.
ENIGORO De ON URGE Mean ihe 15 oz. Mix

Sig: Tablespoonful to a quart of water and
bathe.

TONIC
B
ee he Gentian Yn ai, Y, o7z.
Give nin MN UE IN Ty seas YZ oz.
Rete MRO I et u Sao ce 1 OZ.
Fall's Sol. Strychnia. 4. Aor). Mix

Dilute alcohol (50 per cent) to make
one pint.
Sig: Tablespoonful three times daily.

KEROSENE LINIMENT

i
IMeTORETIS yn uunir ania ei. 2) OZ
Uni) ashe tee Aa awe ale 4 dr
SD VAIRTIC AN i ocs ee ah 10, 5 dr
En.) Straminonium: 030 4 dr
fie Camplor nee eee eae) 5 dr.
Aromatic Spirits Ammonia. 6 dr.
OmiOrsanumale ey coke eye 4 dr.
Chlocotormy Ma oie a aM OZ) Mix

Sig: Bathe parts twice daily.

134

28.

20.

30.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

HEALING POWDER

5
Aine Oside 5. eee ee ee LOZ:
Calomety i). Diciua ei ck iia iaaiee I Oz.
Bismartiy 0. ee ee I OZ.
Burnt Alyn.) oh eee 40Z
Borie Acids eran 16 oz.

(Mix well and sift.)
Sig: Dust on wound twice daily.

EYE WATER

BR
Lioyd’s Hydrastisy aie 15 drops
EGAN 5 cit a pe aot 2 drams
Pslycerine i.e yee OU I dram
DORA A920 Ger eee 6 grains
Wratter 2.32 tui ea Bo 40z. Mix

Sig: Medicine-dropper half-full in eye
twice daily.

TONIC POWDER

BR
Boyd.) Gentiatn 2 guts a ae 4 OZ.
Pwo) Ginger. Joa ua ae 4 OZ.
Caraway Seed ii ic ie 4 Oz.
Flaxseed . Mealy jo. saeco 4 02Z.
we) RCMP RAR rd pg ee 40z
Nitrate Potashe au ite 40z. Mix

Sig: Tablespoonful in each feed.

a1:

22:

33:

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

HORSE SALVE. For Sores, Etc.

B
wid Bora xy es ee Basa: 4 drams
mimmial Chareoah ec oan! 2 drams
COT IACI: age CN NAMA eg 40 drops
Camphorated Om 2) 2h 1). Y oz.
| G(0 ea oe Un, Eck Pa eRLS OSU 40z. Mix
Sig: Apply three times daily.
THOROUGHPIN
5
pen slodines's 3. sila uae 2 OZ.
Spinits, Camphor yy). a0. I Oz.
VOT T1100 161 6 0 62 DRS a Res I Oz.
Murpenbtine wae te I Oz.
RAT MIC Ary nae ee BiOz.
Oli) Oil ee ee ee ane toz. Mix

Sig: Rub affected parts twice daily.
COLIC BALES

BR
Bey O pi yore a: 60 er
Pwd. Castile Soap....... Be iNOz
Ewa.) Campbor ia tacts. ZN Nog:
Bwd) Ginger ine 14 oz.
Pwd.) Licorice) Root: 4s 28 TCO is NLT:

(Make eight balls with molasses. )
Sig: One ball every hour until relieved.

136

34-

35:

36.

37:

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

KIDNEY TROUBLE
B
Bid: Ext. /Bucha aeoge 14 oz.
mucetate Mobagin! yo.) aon VY, oz.
Spinits Juniper sis uae 12)4) oz.’ Vii
Sig: Three tablespoonfuls twice daily.
CHILLS,
B
Owning oh a ea 2 dr.
Arom, Sulfuric Ac hui: 1) Oe:
Whiskey to make;?) 27400 8oz. Mix
Sig: Tablespoonful three times daily.
FEVER
B
Pl Ex, Belladonna oui yi i0)3 Y oz.
PL Ex. Nux Vomical soe) 4 oz.
leer /0 ONEp LOC aan 2 Oz.
Sat. Sol. Nitrate Potash.... 50z. Mix

Sig: Two tablespoonfuls every three hours.

BLADDER TROUBLE

B
Uva Ursi Fids Bxteaa ey ae
Bi ees ean ee I Oz.
Sat. Sol. Nitrate Potash.... 102.
Fs UPA URE Pee oat rag He Cl 12 0z.)\ Vie

Sig: Tablespoonful twice daily.

38.

39.

40.

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

CHEAP GALE | CURE

i
Pwes Camphor ieine ce. I OZ.
Pwd. Prepared: Chalk)... 6 oz.
BAL Aaa enna Chaat 4 OZ.

Sig: Apply twice daily.
BLOOD PURIFIER

5
Potassa, Nitrates.) 025 0) I Oz.
Black Antimony oii ees I oz.
PEER OSTED. J), 20 41 gee ea I Oz.
Sita hse a eka at ai Zaz!

(Divide into eight powders. )
Sig: One powder twice daily.

WHITE LINIMENT

i
~Ammoiia: Chloride)... 3. 2): Bi ele
Dissolven Water. 4/0... Ae OZ:
Mampentiie yo oi wee: 14 oz.
lee VACIG enue Sk. PARES bp
Add water to make....... Si Ozs

137

Mix

Mix

Mix

Sig: Rub affected parts three times daily.

HORSE

PAGE
ELIS UTE) He SURE APSARA UOT gt a 12
MARR BENIDI CPO. oN a Waele ihe Wels) wata aba id ia ee LO 28
PPE UN UN EMIELITOOR aM aoe da that 33
2 TS BUSSE ev UE SOREN I ee rere AUT WUU ST PN Te AOE 61
PMO SE VE VETSION Ol!) oa da esis ua nlaeety oat eisce 16
Broken Knee, Synovitis or Arthritis............ 38
ECS CHE ORT kT i i a 51
shed EMIriICheESi 5 Sas au Se aah 59
pero Prom) tie NOSE. ie) cee is CR a 64.
GSS RN SSA aS EE CS a I 3
ES Sa a 0 AAU AE Rs Oop Re Aun ae
Getic Spasmodic or Cramp Colic... 04.0. 0800. 4
Boe Piatulence or Bloat: 005 86500 hee eo seks 5
Me NOCTIN A UE LeU RN eT OR ny 9
Maps ol Knee or Hock. ' Oba ee id 54
Cold in the Head or Nasal Catarrh.............. 18
Ce) Re) ARE UE Do EM RAIA AMS SE A 40
EP DOW el sis leh Siete ies ee eligl aw al chaea nae ane (Ne Al
Contracted Heels or Hoof Bound............... 44.
ee NOUS LL yee aisle \alsie Gea eth LS IN 46
Gocked Ankles or Knuckling 02) 0 6 oo) 2 AY
BEES RWS aiase Setanta sol oi n/a Gibeal Me RUD) hae UIT 49
BRISTeMPEL OL Straneles 2) NN Mek eG 25

140 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

PAGE
Eyelids, (Torn (is yowa iio tae ee cia aaeue ls 33
Eczema, or Inflammation With Blisters......... 57
POU Ger on) s esis aha etd ie 6 Scie can ee ate a 51
Bly BOWS) vie) she Uae ete ae ee 56
Pastata (5.05 aoe OU ee ea 59
Grubsin the Skin. 2). ee a ee 56
Galls, Harness)... 0 eee ee ae 58
Heaves or Asthma ss .6 ou Pen aie Se a 23
Heel, Inflammation: of.) 52
Heel, Grease, or Canker)... 0.23000... ee 52
Heel, Cracked '6...36)5:. 64300322 54
Impaction (Wo. 60s OG on 6
Indigestion). )..0 cul ad ect 8
E015 U7 2: Se a TE 2 ae aie a 26
Interfering or Speedy Cuts :)./2)00.).).) 0.0.) 42
Kidneys, Acute Inflammation of, or Acute
Nephritis oj... seieGlee oe Gy WO 14
Liver, Inflammation of, or Hepatitis............ 10
Lungs, Congestion of... 0.0.02 0 en 21
Lungs, Bleeding from, or Hemoptysis........... 23
Lameness,) Shoulder i.e u00 ee 39
Lock Jaw or Tetanus: ).)..../.).0././.¢0 2 ho 62
Lampers,' or Lampas.,.)//.). 4)... 5 /-/eeieea e 65
Open Joints iyi Wale 38
Overresch io) cies ose h bea salle llaee 45

Poisoning, Forage or Cerebrospinal Meningitis... 32

Ringbone), . o's disses teste g a else aa Oe 35

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 141

PAGE
SMe lt hrOAb Of MarynortHs Joc i ss) kek ou 19
munseroke) or), Hleatstrokese ico us Ob ose alee 31
SCUTTLE LCL SSeS UE RG GE ests 34
SIGCDONES) fics. Lue, Se EA Wa ONCE AO EU ea 36
Paw 3.6.) <. AGS aA aa URIBE) 37
spavin bOS Or Thoropimy ss). 6 ews Se eaii eo a8 38
UTE Ca ST Be SST 2 Wo ne Pa UIRG A A 43
PGE CIS S rir sed Sel okey Mia acl ray 6) Sr in an da UNA TanY CO 54
Stings of Bees, Wasps and Hornets.............. 57
SE LTOTTEVS gaMtS Cones NOE GEN tH ARCANE Lena APSE 61
Memor an coe WOStriS eis ey owiehe 1”
Thumps or Spasm of the Diaphragm............ 24
BUPA Mae Nia fic i iar savor ereue eisla\t a. avcl'ale cera laual jal aulal alee 48
Wrime? Bloody or hematuria... 052.050 esol: 11
Urine, Discharge by the Navel, or Persistent
REV AGENTI Sp er hy pate ak URL Ui ils BUN te a 17
Weider, Consestion Onassis. Bae siecle Maa 63
RAOMD LE VELSION! OF Mie Ho cies OG se 30
AT oS SURV TG TENGE GO 55
VIELE ETI SAS SC sa a UL ce aOR 55
COW
PUIEIRTOMCOMtACTOUS | (atlas Sarai ue aen) seu yal nee lens 84
Mbortion, Non-Contagsious 0) 665.2 fs ie eis ele bes 85
maILerbirehs etentOn OF 6). 0 bina bis wo heeds es ee 105
Bieatine or Acute ympanites. 2). 62). eee). 69
Bleedine trom) the Noses wee see le ala Ne 78
HS FOTICIIEEIS) A staid MU ole i ice ae) A ka a a 79
Bladder SE VersionivObs wah) iaes flere tas uae acnwiaeatele 88

OMS Ot) EEUU MES ONG nei deraoaeae BU aa Nine eat 99

142 COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

PAGE
Gud, Loss ‘oF yee ee 71
Constipation )..))./)60 0 Sone We Oa ee 15
COW POR isle celal sesh ie Maes bla Ss UN a NCA nan ana 9§2
Chapped: Teste... (eS OR 94
ROOMS le ieee cib esas ale chee Uy 107
Distention of the Rumen or Paunch with Food.. 170
Diarrhea or Dysentery. 0025) /0 0 050k, (ane 74
Dehorning 0... 6s ks na ae 97
BIOPSY je eee se WS ea ig ale teelele eh L a 103
PEC ZI (oie ee UR NON Ae 98
BAP OCISME oie be le ele by aie tie NON isla alias 104
Founder of Lahiinitis, 00. 000000 a ea 101
Foot Rot or Foul in Feet. ..3). 0c ae eee 102
Heaves of Binphysétidy ici i00000.5 0300020 81
Heat Prostration or Sunstroke.........52)) 02% 81
Indigestion or Gastro Intestinal Catarrh........ 72

Indigestion or Colic After Drinking Cold Water.. 73

Liver, Congestion of, or Jaundice) 2.) ).0.)) sce %6
Lightning Stroke oi.) 600.080). 00. 0000
Lump Jaw or Actinomyeasis.) 0.000230 ee 100
Loss ‘Of FLOOF oso alee ine Oa a 102
Milk Fever, or Parturition Féver............... 88
Wilk, Bloody occ bie baie Ve Oe a 90
Mearns) ie ei OL aac an a ey 90
Shake Bites... soil hades eka see v7
Stings of Bees and Wasps.... 2.33. 624.0) 0000 18
Blinking of the Calf... 3463645640 s.000/2 4 95

Scours, Contagious in Calvesi ioc. oe 96

COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE 143

PAGE

Udder, Congestion of, or Garget................ 92
Ronda TeVeRStOn OF. lke ee i ae 86
5S RANA AAR eSATA MS NSS NEPA UD pe i MN AUP TR 94
Me DleS AF NOES: ees tari ich ania ee tein sere wn 95

HOG.
Bi oleca Ee VATU 111
12 OHS SATS Be aa Oi RA NE 120
SaaS OAR COEDS De EE le RRR Aaa DLS EES ee 119
SUE ACESS NIRS AAAS 00h 7 Tea ial ea 119
TNT ZETTE Sot MII TE RSLS PURSUE SHORTS Ge ME Le 118
PRESCRIPTIONS.

Pepserbent Liniment ies olive seb eed eine Ale 125
OISEETA PETA SETOUR ML a AUN OMI Es 128
Ree ite Ioiniment yee eee aS aaah 129
PEMAateT NETOUDIEN ck), Ass ies alu ales athe at 136
Berri Ever i) ENCE Noo oS iy lina cal 137
Perarauiiony Powders.) 05 br. ais) oc) af soy spaie cna ota) avails 125
@avisite Paniment.).i sets ss dwecie one aaiga d's 127
ODS TES ig CAG pe we eee kane. 128
onception |Powders \\ 0. ves yak veal s ee
wo SUING TOAST SDN Be Ua TEAS QIN SOR UE PERO TONING ey!
Merete MESS Uo RU nS lis NS sc aalalig ga Ms 135
1 CLD Se US EAR EC OA UBT A en UA RE 136
BFISteMIpes POWGENS | sic len SW Ma shee a MO Sg 126
PEDIZOOEIC se let iwi aie) tclaie celal giGeul eta aane UL aeual 125

12 LE Aas URES DONTE tat SUL eA BE 134

144. COMMON SENSE VETERINARY GUIDE

PAGE
FS VOl) ia\etn: 6 a cielo reteset here lcls ice) et) nee 136
General Liniment: 20% Uo a eee a ee 131
Gall Cares Chine apy ose sieicienm.e Sie 2 aeidienletaete eee oc
Heave Kemedy (4)) 0300). cigs ya ee 127
Heave Remedy (Bb) s .).). ocn ee ae 129
Heel Salve ieee fe Oe 128
HOOF OM eo sis oleae LS OR ee 131
Healing Powder (os) 20050 OW 134
Horse Salve sei se ieee clear te ele oe ee 135
Kerosene: Liniment | .\../.))¢)6).\c6). Use 133
Kidney ‘Trouble... eye eiijesis ee ene 136
Liquid: Blister’ 2.0 .5)..0). c's) oe isles ierietetee 131
Liniment, White)... 060000... 2 ee 137
Mosquito Oil iio) ike Le ee 127
Physic Balloo. .30 eee Oe ey eer 130
Pity Wortns ice i eG e Wiis lh CR 130
Ringbone ‘and 'Spavin.....)./) ./s/4), 5. . - bah 132
Race Horse Leg and Body Wash. ....).\02 00, 0300 133
Scours.and Diarrhea. os.) 0242. 126
Scratches ili oe sth eae 129
Spavin: Blister i.e. eel bee a 130
ORIG 2535s ea he nse Wik we oe sits o Wlaveie Tae eee 133
Tonic POWdED o's s'sie\e's's aie 6 dil wae lee ee 134
Thoroughpin iio. ooo es Sebi nie bin! wel aiy Sole 135

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