COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA NUMBER 1O A DISTRIBUTIONAL LIST OF THE BIRDS OF ARIZONA BY HARRY S. SWARTH CONTRIBUTION FROM THE MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA PUBLISHED BY THE CLUB May 25, 1914 GIFT Of PROFESSOR GRI1TTTELL COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA NUMBER 10 A DISTRIBUTIONAL LIST OF THE BIRDS OF ARIZONA BY HARRY S. SWARTH CONTRIBUTION FROM THE MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ) HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA PUBLISHED BY THE CLUB May 25, 1914 '•"*... • Edited/by :.*; : : and " HARRY S. SWARTH at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California GIFT OF LIBRARY A- 4 S7 BIOLOGY LIBRARY G NOTE PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 is the tenth in a series of publications is- sued by the Cooper Ornithological Club for the accommodation of papers whose length prohibits their appearance in THE CONDOR. The publications of the Cooper Ornithological Club consist of two series — THE CONDOR, which is the bi-monthly official organ, and the PACIFIC COAST AVI- FAUNA. For information as to either of the above series, address one of the Club Busi- ness Managers, J. Eugene Law, Hollywood, California, or W. Lee Chambers, Eagle Rock, California. 933906 CONTENTS Introduction. 5 Acknowledgments 7 Distributional List of the Birds of Arizona 9 Hypothetical List 81 An Analysis of the Avifauna of Arizona 85 Map of Life Zones facing' 91 Bibliography 94 Index. . i 20 1914 INTRODUCTION The beginning of this list of the birds of Arizona dates back about eleven years, to a time when the author was engaged in field work in that state. A hasty compilation was made of a few local lists, and the manuscript carried in the field as a guide and aid in making observations and collections. This beginning proved an incentive to the gathering of further data, and shortly after, the opportunity presenting itself for visiting more extensive libraries than had hitherto been available, a careful and systematic search was made through the literature deal- ing with the ornithology of Arizona. The resulting information was filed away and added to as chance offered, but more pressing work and other interests inter- fered to prevent the whole from being put into shape for publication. Further- more it soon became evident that while a fairly long list of species could be com- piled as occurring within the state, the published information concerning a large proportion of them was scanty and fragmentary. The writer had hoped to be in a position to continue field work in certain little known sections of the state, where undoubtedly there is much to be added to our knowledge of the birds, but this contingency became more and more improbable, and under the circumstances it seemed advisable to publish the list as it now stands. It is hoped that as far as it goes this list will be found to be fairly accurate. Pertinent literature has been gone over with care, and it is doubtful if any im- portant publication has been overlooked. At the same time it can hardly be doubted but that there are in collections specimens whose existence will modify many of the statements made here, and it is also highly probable that there are active collectors who have many unpublished records in their notes which would also occasion changes. Available collections and collectors' notes, however, have been made use of wherever possible. The aim of the present publication is to give a list of the species of birds oc- curring in Arizona, with a synonymy of the names applied, as regards their oc- currence within the state, and a brief but comprehensive outline of the manner of occurrence. The latter, it is hoped, is in each case as clear and accurate as the present state of our knowledge permits. An effort has been made to give a gen- eral statement outlining the range and manner of occurrence, supplemented by the citation of authorities for extreme or unusual instances. Exact dates have been given only for the rarest species, those of which but a few specimens have been recorded. The synonymy consists of those names by which the species has been known in literature pertaining to Arizona ornithology. Thus the general manner of treatment is closely similar to that followed by Grinnell in his Check-List of California Birds* the main difference lying in the greater elaboration of detail in the outlining of ranges, and the numerous cita- tions of authorities, in the present publication. The order, and in general the nomenclature, of the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List, has been followed. Where there is disagreement from this * Grinnell, J., Check-I.ist of California Birds. Pacific Coast Avifauna, no. 3. 1902, pp. 1-92, 2 pis. 6 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 standard it is usually in cases where the author's personal experience leads him to a different view; but there are one or two instances (such as with the group of Jnncos) where the conclusions of some specialist, at variance with the Check-List, are so closely in accord with observations of the author's ( in themselves perhaps insufficient to warrant outspoken disagreement), that this worker's treatment of the group is accepted in its entirety. The expedition conducted by the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology down the Colorado River from Needles to Yuma in the early spring of 1910, furnished much valuable information in regard to the manner of occurrence of many species of birds. An apparent inconsistency may be noticed in the citations of certain of these records, inasmuch as some of them pertaining to occurrences on the California side of the river have been quoted. Where this is done, hoy/ever, it is in the case of species which are known to occur in Arizona, but where there is lack of data defining their status in this valley. In such a case, the record, though strictly speaking not pertaining to Arizona, has a very definite value in defining the status of an Arizona bird, and its use seems to be justified. The appended bibliography contains the titles of such publications as have been consulted by the author in connection with the present contribution, the criterion for the admission of a title being that the work relate definitely to the ornithology of Arizona. Books of a general nature are not included unless they contain some definite, first-hand information on the subject, something not pre- viously published. It is hardly to be hoped, of course, that nothing has been over- looked, and it is to be expected that additional titles relevant to the subject are still to be found, but it seems unlikely that any such will be of a nature to serious- ly modify many of the statements made in the following pages. The author's personal field work in the state has been almost altogether in the region lying between the Gila River and the Mexican boundary line. Trips of varying lengths, during four different years and covering every month except December and January, included parts of this region in great detail, and larger portions in a more superficial manner. Of the three hundred and sixty-two spe- cies and sub-species here credited to the state, two hundred and twenty-seven were personally observed. In most cases specimens were collected. The accompanying map showing life zones of the state is presented with full realization that it is probably open to criticism in many particulars, and will cor- respondingly doubtless require revision in many of the details. At the same time it is believed that it will be of sufficient aid in illustration of the distribution of manv species, and in showing the Calient zonal peculiarities of the state, to fully justify its publication, even in its admittedly tentative form. This map is com- piled from various sources. The northeastern corner is copied from Merriam's (1890) zone map of the San Francisco Mountain region; the zones of much of the central portion of the state are computed from descriptions of localities in publications of Coues (1866). Henshaw (1875), Scott (1886), Mearns (1890), and others. Maps showing the distribution in Arizona of certain conspicuous forest trees useful as zone indicators, loaned to the author by the District For- ester's office, Albuquerque, New Mexico, were also used, and found of great as- sistance. Much of the region south of the Gila River has been mapped from personal observations of the author. 1914 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In going through literature dealing with the subject it became apparent that many of the older government reports, and some more modern works as well, contained, among much trustworthy and valuable information, statement^ re- garding certain species which needed corroborative proof other than that to be found on the printed page. This was a phase of the problem utterly beyond the author's power to deal with, unaided, and he is correspondingly grateful to Mr. W. W. Cooke of the Biological Survey, for cordial assistance in supplying def- inite information regarding many of these doubtful cases. Further acknowledg- ment is made in the following pages in each of the rather numerous instances in which his aid was invoked. To Professor C. B. Cory and Mr. W. H. Osgood, of the Field Museum of Natural History, obligations are acknowledged for permission to print hitherto unpublished data regarding certain specimens in the ornithological collection of that institution. To Mr. F. C. Baker, of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, the author expresses his gratitude for the free use of the library of the academy ac- corded him, as well as for assistance and advice in the pursuit of the bibliograph- ical portion of the work. To Mr. G. Frean Morcom grateful thanks are extended for his generous sup- port of, and deep interest in, field work which otherwise could hardly have been undertaken. From Mr. F. S. Daggett, now Director of the Los Angeles Museum of History, Science, and Art, the author received advice and encouragement on many occasions. Mr. Daggett added to his own collection large series of birds col- lected at certain localities in Arizona which the author had been unable to visit, or which were taken at different seasons of the year from the time of the author's work in the region, and the information gained thereby was freely placed at his disposal. Mr. F. C. Willard, of Tombstone, Arizona, obligingly read the manuscript of this list, with a view of adding thereto such unpublished records of his own, obtained during a number of years of careful observation of the birds of south- eastern Arizona, as would add to the statements made by the author. The valu- able information thus secured is cited in the text as "F. C. Willard. MS''. Mr. A. B. Recknagel, Assistant District Forester, Albuquerque, New Mex- ico, very kindly loaned the author blue print maps which were on file in nis of- fice, illustrating the distribution in Arizona of seven conspicuous species of forest trees, useful as zone indicators. The data thus obtained, of the greatest value in compiling a map of the life zones of Arizona, could have been secured in no other way, and the author is deeply appreciative of the courtesy extended him. Finally, grateful appreciation is hereby expressed for the co-operation of Mr. Joseph Grinnell, whose assistance and advice have materially aided in fhe completion of this list, and whose helpful suggestions throughout the course of the undertaking have strongly influenced the author, both in regard to matters of form and methods of work. H. S. SWARTIT. I. os Angeles, California. April i . /or?. 1914 9 DISTRIBUTIONAL LIST OF THE BIRDS OF ARIZONA 1. Aechmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence). WESTERN GREBE;. Synonym — Podiceps occidentalis. Status — But two published records of its occurrence in Arizona. Henshaw (i875b, p. 488) secured a specimen on the Gila River in November; and Brown ( 1903, p. 50) reported it as a permanent resident in the vicinity of Yuma. There is, however, no evidence of its breeding there, or anywhere else in the state. 2. Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Heermann). AMERICAN EARED GREBE. Synonyms — Podiceps californicus; Podiccps auritus californicus. Status — This species was found breeding by Mearns (iSpoa, p. 50) in the high plateau region north of the Mogollon Mountains — Storeman's Lake, Mor- mon Lake, and near Flagstaff. It has also been recorded from the Colorado River at Mohave, and from Moencopie, in northern Arizona, in September. 3. Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus). PIED-BILLED GREBE. •Synonym — Fodiiymb us carolinensis. Status — Apparently fairly common on the Colorado River during the mi- grations and in winter, while it is of only casual occurrence elsewhere. There are no definite breeding records for the state, though Brown (1903, p. 49) speaks of it as a resident in the vicinity of Yuma. 4. Gavia immer (Briinnich). COMMON LOON. Synonym — Colymbus torquatus. Status — According to Coues (i866a, p. 100) a common winter visitant on the Colorado River. There is in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology an adult female (no. 6403) taken (probably by W. W. Holder) at "Mineral City on the Colorado. River" (=Ehrenberg), April 4, 1864. 5. Gavia stellata (Pontopiddan). RED-THROATED LOON. Synonym — Urinator lunime. Status — There is but one record for the state, that of an immature male se- cured by Brown on the Papago Indian reservation, near Tucson, December 20, 1884 (Scott, 1886, p. 383). 6. Larus delawarensis Ord. RING-BILLED GULL. Status — Seen by Coues (i866a, p. 99) on the Colorado River "in the autumn of 1865." The only recent record known to me is that of Price (1899, p. 90). who doubtfully identified as of this species two small gulls seen near Yuma. No- vember 27, li 1° PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA Xo. 10 7- Larus Philadelphia (Ord). BONAPARTE GULL. Synonym — Chroicocephaliis Philadelphia. Status — Dr. Coues met with this species on the Gila River (1865!}, p. 538). and on the Colorado River, between Forts Mohave and Yuma, in September, 1865 (i866c, p. 259), but it has not been observed in the region by any one since that time. 8. Sterna forsteri Xuttall. FORSTER TERN. Status — There is in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology an adult male (no. 12616) taken May 4, 1910, at the mouth of the Gila River, the first definite record for Arizona. The species was included in Cones' ( i866a, p. 99) list of birds occurring on the Colorado River, but with no statement as to the time or manner of its occurrence. 9. Sterna hirundo Linnaeus. COMMON TERN. Status — There is, apparently, record of but a single specimen of this species from Arizona, one secured by Henshaw (i875b, p. 486) on the San Pedro River, September 3, 1872. TO. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis (Gmelin). BLACK TERN. Synonyms — Hydrochelidon fissipes; Hydrochelidon larifonnis; Hydrocheli- don nigra; Hydrochelidon snrinamensis. Status — A rare migrant. Henshaw secured it in southern Arizona in the fall (see Henshaw, i875b, p. 487; Saunders, 1896, p. 20), and Brewster (1883, p. 36) has recorded one taken at Cienega Station, April 17. 11. Phaethon aethereus Linnaeus. RED-BILLED TROPIC-BIRD. Synonym — Phaethon aniericanus. Status — One specimen taken by Breninger at Phoenix, April 10, 1905. This bird is now in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History (cf. Miller, 1910, p. 450). 12. Anhinga anhinga (Linnaeus). ANHINGA. Status — Herbert Brown met with this species near Yuma, during the winter of 1905-06, when it appeared to be not uncommon. He also reports a single specimen, a female, killed on the Santa Cruz River, near Tucson. September 12, 1803 (1906, p. 217). These are the only records for the state. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 11 13. Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus Ridgway. FARALLON CORMORANT. Synonym — Graculus dilophus. Status — Mentioned by Cones (i866a, p. 100) as occurrmg~on the lower Colorado River. Seen at various points along the river between Laguna Dam and Yuma, in April and May, 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 14. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin. AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN. Synonym — Pelecanus trachyrhynchus. Status — The numerous records would indicate this species to be of common occurrence on the Colorado River, and on the lower Gila River, at all times of the year except midsummer. Except for one record from Tucson (Sloanaker, 1913, p. 195), it has apparently not been seen elsewhere in Arizona. 15. Mergus americanus Cassin. AMERICAN MERGANSER. Synonym — Merganser am ericanus. Status — Mearns (18903, p. 50) speaks of this species as breeding in the Mogollon Mountains, in the streams tributary to the Salt and Verde rivers, and also at Fort Verde. Scott ( 1886, p. 384) found it rare on the San Pedro River in January. 1 6. Mergus serrator Linnaeus. RED-BREASTED MERGANSER. Synonym — Merganser serrator. Status — Merriam observed a few individuals at the bend of the Colorado, and at the mouth of Beaverdam Creek, northwestern Arizona, in May, 1891 (Fisher, i893b, p. 15). This is the only published record of the occurrence of the species in Arizona. Observed on the Colorado River, near Needles, February 18, and at Chemehuevis Valley, March 8, 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Two were shot by F. N. Wolcott from a flock of four, near Fairbanks. April 8, 1911 (F. C. Willard, MS). 17. Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus). HOODED MERGANSER. Status — Known only from the record by Coues (1868, p. 84) of its occur- rence at Camp Grant; and by Scott (1886, p. 384) of an immature female in the collection of Herbert Brown, taken near Tucson, December 5, 1885. A lone bird was shot by F. N. Wolcott on the San Pedro River in the fall of 1896 (F. C. Wil- !anl, MS). 18. Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus. MALLARD. Synonym — Anas boschas. Status — A common winter visitant in suitable localities in southern Arizona, usually along the larger streams. Mearns found it in the Mogollon Mountains in May and June, so it probably breeds, though in limited numbers, in places where conditions are favorable. 12 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. ID 19- Chaulelasmus streperus (Linnaeus). GADWALL. Synonym — Anas sire per a. Status — Mearns found this species in summer in the Mogollon Mountains, where it was common and "probably breeding". Cones (i866a, p. 99) met with it on the Colorado River in October, and Scott (1886, p. 384) took a specimen at Tucson in December. 20. Mareca americana (Gmelin). B A LDP ATE. Synonyms — Anas americana; Anas penelope. Status — A common migrant, and, in southern Arizona, a winter visitant. Reported by Mearns (18903, p. 50) as occurring in summer at Mormon Lake, in the Mogollon Mountains, where he supposed it was breeding, though no nests were found. 21. Nettion carolinense (Gmelin). GREEK-WINGED TEAL. Synonyms — Oucrqiicdiila carolincnsis; Anas carolinensis. Status — A common migrant, reported from various scattered localities. Re- mains through the winter in southern Arizona : San Pedro River, Colorado River, Tucson, etc. 22. Querquednla discors (Linnaeus). BLUE-WINGED TEAL. Synonym — Anas discors. Status — Kas been reported from various parts of Arizona. Scott speaks of it as being of occasional occurrence in winter in the vicinity of Tucson, while Mearns (18903, p. 51) found the species in May and June on the lakes of the Mogollon Mountains, where it may have been breeding. There are also records of individuals taken during the migrations at Tucson, Ehrenberg (Colorado River), Sulphur Spring (Cochise County), and San Francisco Mountain. Not infrequently taken in winter on the San Pedro River (F. C. Willard, MS). 23. Querquedula cyanoptera (Vieillot). CINNAMON TEAL. Synonyms — Pterocyanca caeruleata; Anas cyanoptera. vStatus — A common migrant throughout the state. Has been found breed- ing in the Mogollon Mountains, and is reported as a winter visitant in extreme southern Arizona (Tucson, Sulphur Spring, etc.). 24. Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus). SHOVELLER. Status — A migrant, and, in southern Arizona, a winter visitant. Mearns (18903, p. 51) found the species in May and June on the lakes in the Mogollon Mountains, where it may have been breeding. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 13 25. Dafila acuta (Linnaeus). PINTAIL. Status — Has been reported as a migrant from various parts of the state. It was found on Mormon Lake, in the Mogollon Mountains, in May, by Mearns. Seen on the San Pedro River in February, so is probably a winter visitant in southern Arizona (Willard, 19100, p. no). 26. Marila americana (Eyton). REDHEAD. Synonym — Aythya americana. Status — The only record of the occurrence of this species in Arizona is that by Scott (1886, p. 384), who reported it as occurring in winter in the vicinity of Tucson and on the San Pedro River. 27. Marila valisineria (Wilson). CANVAS-BACK. Synonym — Aytliya vallisneria. Status — Scott (1886, p. 384) records a small flock seen on the San Pedro River, January 28, 1886, while Coues (i892a, p. 198) reports it as occurring in large numbers on the Verde River near Fort Whipple, in winter. These are the only records for the state. 28. Marila marila (Linnaeus). GREATER SCAUP DUCK. Synonym — Aythya marila nearctica. Status — Known only from the record by Scott (1886, p. 384), who speaks of it as "rather common on the San Pedro in winter." 29. Marila affinis (Eyton). LESSER SCAUP DUCK. Synonym — Aythya affinis. Status — A record by Scott (1886, p. 384) of "a few seen on the San Pedro during late January." Common near Tucson in March, 1912 (Sloanaker, 1913, p. i<)5). Observed on the Colorado River, near Ehrenberg, March 24, and at Cibola, April 4, 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 30. Clangula clangula americana Bonaparte. AMERICAN GOLDEN-EYE. Status — Only one record, that of two specimens taken near Tucson, April 1 and February I, respectively (Sloanaker, 1912, p. 154). 31. Charitonetta albeola (Linnaeus). BUFFLE-HEAD. Synonyms — Clangula albeola; Bucephala albeola. Status — While apparently not common, this species has been reported in winter from various scattered localities in all parts of the state (Tucson, San Pedro River, Bill Williams River, etc.). 14 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 32. Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmelin). RUDDY DUCK. Synonym — Erismatura rubida. Status — Though there are curiously few published records of the occurrence of this species, it is, nevertheless, a fairly common migrant. Mearns met with it in summer in the Mogollon Mountains (Stoneman's Lake, Mormon Lake), and near Flagstaff, where they were preparing to breed. It very probably remains through the winter in southern Arizona, though there are no records of its doing so. Observed near Tucson in April, 1896 (Swarth MS), and on the Colorado River, near Laguna Dam, April 23, 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 33. Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus (Pallas). LESSER SNOW GOOSE. Synonym — Anser hyperboreus. Status — There is a record by Cones (i866a, p. 98) of "specimens taken near Fort Whipple, Oct. 17, 1864." Seen on the Colorado River, near Needles, Feb- ruary 1 6 and 23, 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 34. Anser albifrons gambeli Hartlaub. WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE. Synonyms — Anser albifrons; Anser gambeli. Status — Coues (i866a, p. 98) found it abundant on the Colorado River. There is no published statement of its occurrence in the region since that time. 35. Branta canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus). CANADA GOOSE. Synonym — Bcrnicla canadensis. Status — The species has been reported both from the Colorado River, and from the San Pedro River, in winter, but from the paucity of records it would seem to be of uncommon occurrence. 36. Branta canadensis hutchinsi (Richardson). HUTCHINS GOOSE. Synonym — Bernicla hutchinsi. Status — The only records for Arizona are those by Coues of its occurrence on the Colorado River (i866a, p. 98), and at Fort Grant (1868, p. 84). 37. Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linnaeus). BLACK-BELLIED TREE-DUCK. Status— Herbert Brown (1906, p. 217) has reported the killing of six specimens of this duck, out of a flock of eight, on the Santa Cruz River, near Tuc- son, on May 5, 1899. This is the only Arizona record. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 15 38. Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot). FULVOUS TREE-DUCK. Synonym — Dendrocygna fuk'a. Status — Coues (i866a, p. 98) has recorded the capture of " a pair taken in November, about twenty miles from Fort Whipple." From a published note of Brown (1906, p. 217) it would seem to be of fairly common occurrence in winter on the Colorado and Gila rivers, in the vicinity of Yuma, and decidedly rare else- where in the state. 39. Olor columbianus (Ond). WHISTLING SWAN. Synonym — Cygnus americanus. Status — Recorded by Coues (i866a, p. 98) from the Colorado River and Fort Mohave. There is a recent instance of its occurrence at Sacaton, Final County, November 21, 1910 ( Oilman, 191 la, p. 35). 40. Plegadis guarauna (Linnaeus). WHITE-FACED GLOSSY IBIS. Synonyms — Ibis ordii; Falcincllus ordii; Ibis guarauna; Ibis thai as sinus ; Plegadis aiituninalis. Status — Apparently fairly abundant, as there are records of its occurrence .during the migration in various parts of the state: Tucson, Little Colorado Riv- er, Forts Whipple and Apache, and at various points along the Gila and Colorado rivers. It has been reported as breeding at Mormon Lake, in the Mogollon Mountains (Merriam, 1890, p. 88). Has been found at Tombstone in winter (Cooke, 1913, p. 21 ). 41. Mycteria americana Linnaeus. WOOD IBIS. Synonym — Tantalus loculator. Status — Apparently common, during jhe summer months, from May to Sep- tember, along the Colorado River, at least as far up as Fort Mohave (Coues, i866a, p. 96). There are also records for the various tributaries of that stream: the Gila, San Pedro, Bill Williams, etc. It is not known to breed in Arizona, nor has it been observed in winter. 42. Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu). AMERICAN BITTERN. Synonym — Botaurus minor. Status— The only breeding record is that of Mearns (iSoxia, p. 51) who found the species nesting commonly in the Mogollon Mountains (Mormon Lake, etc.)- It is a fairly common migrant elsewhere and has been found in winter on the San Pedro River in southern Arizona (Scott. 1886, p. 385). 16 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 43- Ixobrychus exilis (Gmeiin). LEAST BITTERN. Synonym — Ardetta exilis. Status — Cones (i866a, p. 263) noted this species along the Colorado River between Forts Yuma and Mohave, in September, 1865. This is the only record for the state. 44- Ardea herodias treganzai Court. PALLID GREAT BLUE HERON. Synonym — Ardea herodias. Status — Breeds along the Colorado River, and in southern Arizona, along the Gila River and its tributaries (Mineral Creek, San Pedro River, etc.). Found also in winter in the same region. There appear to be no records whatever from the plateau region of northern Arizona. 45. Herodias egretta (Gmeiin). AMERICAN EGRET. Synonyms — Ardea egretta; Herodias alba egretta. Status — Probably a migrant only; there are records of its occurrence in April, May, and September, at various points on the Colorado, Gila, and San Pe- dro rivers. 46. Egretta candidissima candidissima (Gmeiin). SNOWY HERON. Synonyms — Garzctta candidissima; Ardea candidissima. Status — There are but two instances of the occurrence of this species in Ari- zona: Coues (i866a, p. 263) observed it on the Colorado River between Forts Mohave and Yuma in September, and Scott (1886, p. 385) reports a flock of five seen, one of which was secured, near Tucson, in May. 47. Butorides virescens anthonyi (Mearns). ANTHONY GREEN HERON. Synonyms — Butorides virescens ; Ardea virescens; Ardea virescens anthonyi. Status — The breeding range of this species appears to be about the same as that of the Great Blue Heron — along the Colorado River, the Gila River, and the tributaries of the latter, north to the Big Sandy and Fort Verde (Oberholser. 1912, p. 543) ; while it is reported in winter from the lower Colorado near Yuma, November or December, 1898 (Price, 1899, p. 91). Thus far it has not been found in the northern plateau region. 48. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius (Boddaert). BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON. Synonyms — Nyctiardea gardeni; Nyctiardea grisea naevia. Status — A common migrant, occurring in suitable localities throughout the region. Remains through the winter along the lower Colorado River, and prob- ably in the warmer valleys of southern Arizona in general. Said to be a perma- nent resident in the Verde Valley (Mearns, i8ox>a, p. 51). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 17 49. Grus canadensis (Linnaeus). LITTLE; BROWN CRANE. Synonym — Grits mc.vicana, part? Status — There are several records of the occurrence of this~species at various points along- the Colorado River as well as in the interior, during the migrations and in winter. Some, at least, of these probably refer to G. mcxicana, but in the absence of specimens it is impossible to separate them. A late record, authenti- cated by specimens, is of two birds taken near Tucson (Sloanaker, 1912, p. 154). 50. Grus mexicana (Miiller). SANDHILL CRANE. Synonym — Gnts canadensis, part? Status — "A few pairs breed at Mormon Lake, where a Mormon settler took its eggs in 1886" (Mearns, 18903, p. 51). This record for the Mogollon Moun- tains appears to be the only definite one for the state. A few arc reported as along the San Pedro River each winter (F. C. Willard, MS). 51. Rallus levipes Bangs. LIGHT-FOOTED RAIL. Status — ''Accidental in Arizona" (A. O. U. Check-List, 1910, p. 102). Ac- cording to information received by me from Mr. W. W. Cooke this record was based on a specimen taken August 25, 1902, by Mr. Herbert Brown, at Yuma. 52. Rallus virginianus Linnaeus. VIRGINIA RAIL. Status — The only Arizona records of the Virginia Rail are of a single bird seen on the San Pedro River, January 28, 1886, by Scott (1886, p. 385), and of one taken at Tucson, April u, 1886, by Brown (Allen, 1886, p. 386, footnote). It should prove to be common, however, if sought for in suitable localities. 53. Porzana Carolina (Linnaeus). SORA. Status — Mearns (18903, p. 51) found this species in the Mogollon Moun- tains (Mormon Lake, Stoneman's Lake) in May, abundant and probably breed- ing. Aside from this it has been found in Arizona on but a few occasions, dur- ing the migrations and in scattered localities (Colorado River, Camp Apache, Tucson, Moencopie). 54. Coturnicops noveboracensis (Gmelin). YELLOW RAIL. Status — One specimen reported from Sacaton, March 28, 1909 (Gilman, 1910, p. 46). Not otherwise observed in Arizona. 55. lonornis martinicus (Linnaeus). PURPLE GALLINULE. Status — Two specimens have been secured in Arizona : one on the Santa Cruz River, near Tucson, October 20, 1887 (Brown, i888a, p. 109), the other at Tombstone, taken in June, 1904 (Willard, 1905, p. 112). 18 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. in 56- Gallinula galeata (Lichtenstein). FLORIDA GAI.LINULE. Status — This species is probably fairly common, at least during the migra- tions, though there are but very few published statements in regard to its occur- rence. Scott (1886, p. 386) found it on the San Pedro River in January, and quotes Brown to the effect that it is "not uncommon about Tucson." Rhoads (1892, p. 113) also found it in the vicinity of Tucson in summer. 57- Fulica americana Gmelin. AMERICAN COOT. Status — Though a few have been noted at different times in southern Ari- zona during the summer months, the only part of the state where the species has been found breeding is on the high Mogollon Plateau (Mearns, iSpoa, p. 52). During the migrations it is quite generally distributed, while it winters in south- ern Arizona. 58- Lobipes lobatus (Linnaeus). NORTHERN PHALAROPE. Synonym — Phalaropus lobatus. Status — "A flock of eight, six of which were killed, was found in a little crater lake ('Walker Lake'), August 19" (Merriam, 1890, p. 88). This record from San Francisco Mountain is the only one for Arizona. 59- Steganopus tricolor Vieillot. WILSON PHALAROPE. Synonyms — Phalaropus wilsoni; Steganopus wilsoni. Status- -Found on the Colorado River in September by Coues (i866a, p. 263), in southeastern Arizona by Henshaw (1875^ p. 451), who found it com- mon in August, and at Tucson, where Scott (1886, p. 386) found it "common during the migrations." 60. Recnrvirostra americana Gmelin. AMERICAN AVOCET. Status — Has been noted during the fall migration at various points on the Colorado River, the Little Colorado, the Gila, and in the vicinity of Tucson. There is a specimen in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (no. 7069) taken, probably by W. W. Holder, at "Mineral City" (Ehrenberg), February 12, 1864. 61. Himantopus mexicanus (Muller). BLACK-NECKED STILT. Synonym — Himantopus nigricollis. Status — Recorded only from points on the Colorado River, where Coues (i866a, p. 263) met with it in September, and Stephens (1903, p. 77) in Aug- ust. It should occur during the migrations throughout southern Arizona at least. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 19 62. Gallinago delicata (Ord). WILSON SNIPE. Synonyms — Scolopa.v wilsonii; Gallinago wilsonii. Status — A migrant occurring throughout the state. Was found on Bill Williams Fork in February (Kennedy, 1859, p. 34), and is of occasional occur- rence in winter in southern Arizona. 63. Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus (Say). LONG-BILLED DOWITCHER. Synonym — Macrorhamphus griseus. Status — There is but little information at hand pertaining to the occurrence of this species in Arizona. Coues (i866a, p. 97) speaks of it as being ''sparing- ly distributed throughout the Territory", without citing any specific instances of its capture. Henshaw (1875^ p. 453) lists a specimen from Mimbres, Arizona, October 22, and comments that the species is "apparently an uncommon visitor in Arizona." A specimen entered in the British Museum Catalogue of Birds (Sharpe, 1896, p. 399) : " $ ad., Arizona, Oct. 22, C. G. Newberry", is probably the same one alluded to by Henshaw. These are all referred to as Macrorhamphus griseus, but it seems more prob- able that the form occurring in Arizona is M. g. scolapaccus. I have seen no specimens from the region. 64. Pisobia bairdi (Coues). BAIRD SANDPIPER. Synonyms — Tringa schinzii; Actodromas bairdi; Tringa bairdi. Status — Henshaw (i875b, p. 455) found it quite numerous in the fall in southeastern Arizona, taking specimens at Camp Apache, August 26-29, and at Camp Crittenden, September 2. Merriam (1890, p. 88) met with it at Walker Lake. San Francisco Mountain, August 27 and September i. Not reported from the Colorado River. 65. Pisobia minutilla (Yieillot). LEAST SANDPIPER. Synonyms — Actodromas minutilla; Tringa minutilla; Limonites minutilla. Status — A common migrant throughout the state. It is probably a winter visitant in parts nf southern Arizona and along the lower Colorado River, but the only definite record of a winter bird is of a specimen mentioned by Cooke (1910, p. 41), as in the United States National Museum, collected in winter in southern Arizona, no definite date or locality being given. 66. Pelidna alpina sakhalina (Vieillot). RED-BACKED SANDPIPER. Synonym — Tringa alpina pacifica. Status — Recorded by Scott (1886, p. 386), who secured specimens near Tuc- son in April, 1883. Apparently not otherwise observed in Arizona. 20 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 67. Ereunetes mauri Cabanis. WESTERN SANDPIPER. Synonyms — Tringa pnsilla; Ercnnctcs pnsillns; Ereunetes occidentalis. Status — A common migrant throughout the state: Fort Apache. August 28, 29 (Henshaw, 1874, p. 145) ; Tucson, spring and fall (Scott, 1886, p. 386) ; San Francisco Mountain, September i (Merriam, 1890, p. 88). On the lower Colorado River at least, a winter visitant (Price, 1899, p. 91). 68. Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin). GREATER YELLOW-LEGS. Synonym — Gambetta mclanolcnca. Status — Has been observed in Arizona on but a few occasions, and at scat- tered localities. Coues ( i866a, p. 98) states that it is ''abundant on the Col- orado." Reported from Bill Williams River in February (Kennerly, 1859, p. 34) ; from Tucson in October (Scott, 1886, p. 386) ; and from the Pima Indian Reservation, south of Phoenix, in September ( Breninger, lo/Dia, p. 45). 69. Helodromas solitarins einnamomeus (Brewster). WESTERN SOLITARY SANDPIPER. Synonyms — Rhyacophilns solitarins; Totanus solitarins; Helodromas soli- tarins. Status — An abundant migrant in suitable localities throughout the state. 70. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (Brewster). WESTERN WILLET. Synonyms — Totanns seuiipalmatns; Symphcmia semipalmata. Status — The only records for Arizona (beside the general statement of Woodhouse that he found this species abundant in the fall in "New Mexico") are those of birds seen by Coues (i866a, p. 97) near Fort Whipple, on October 18, 1864; and of one collected in "Arizona" by Bischoff, May 5, 1871 (Henshaw, i875b, p. 457). 71. Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein). BARTRAMIAN SANDPIPER. Synonyms — Actitums bartramins; Triiigoidcs bartrainuis. Status — Woodhouse reported this species as common in parts of "New Mex- ico", but the only specimen definitely known to have been taken in Arizona is one collected by Henshaw (1875^ p. 461) at Sulphur Spring, Cochise County, Aug- ust 18, 1874. 72. Actitis macularius (Linnaeus). SPOTTED SANDPIPER. Synonym — Tringoides macularius. Status— A common migrant throughout the state, and probably to be found on the lower Colorado River during the winter months. Found breeding on San Francisco Mountain at an elevation of 10,000 feet (Mearns, 18903, p. 82). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 21 73. Numenius americanus Bechstein. LONG-BILLED CURLEW. Synonym — Nitincnius longirostris. Status — Cones ( i866a, p. 98) secured a specimen at Fort~Whipple in Aug- ust, 1864; Scott (1886. p. 386) recorded it as a migrant about Tucson, on the authority of Brown; Sloanaker (1913, p. 195) reports a specimen from Tucson, October 12, ic,ii; and Stephens (1903, p. 77) noted it on the Colorado River, at F.hrenberg, in August. These are all the records for Arizona. 74. Oxyechus vociferus (Linnaeus). KlLLDEER. S\nonyms — Charadriits rod/cms; Acgialitis vociferus. Status — A common summer visitant, and, along the lower Colorado River at least, a winter visitant also. Breeds in suitable localities throughout the state, except in the arid Lower Sonoran southwestern portion. Common in summer in the valleys of southeastern Arizona ; in the Mogollon Plateau region it ranges up to 7000 feet (Mearns, i8o/>a, p. 52). 75. AEglalitis semipalmata (Bonaparte). SEMIPALMATED PLOVER. Status — Seen by Cones ( i866a, p. 96) on the Colorado River in September and October, 1865 5 Scott (1886, p. 387) found it abundant in the vicinity of Tuc- son, during April, 1883. These are the only records. 76. Podasocys montanns (Townsend). MOUNTAIN PLOVER. Synonyms — ^Egialitis montamts; Hndromias inonlanns. Status — Cones ( i866a, p. 96) met with this species, presumably at Fort \Yhipple, and says that it is ''sparingly distributed throughout Arizona." The only other record from Arizona is that of Osgood (1903, p. 128), who found it abundant at Sulphur Spring, Cochise County, in December and January. 77. Colinus ridgwayi Brewster. MASKED BOB-WHITE. Synonyms — Orty.v firginianns; Orty.v graysoni; Ortyx ridgzvayi. Status — This species formerly occupied a very limited region in extreme southern Arizona. Baboquivari Peak on the west, and the Huachuca Mountains on the east, were about the limits of its extension, nor was it known to range more than thirty or forty miles north of the United States-Mexican boundary line. It is now supposed to be nearly or quite extinct in Arizona ; there is no reliable published account of a specimen secured in the state since 1888. 78. Callipepla squamata squamata (Vigors). SCALED QUAIL. Status — A common resident of the arid, semi-desert, Lower Sonoran val- leys of southeastern Arizona, usually below 4000 feet, occasionally up to 4500 feet. Has been found as far west as the Altar Valley and Wood's Station, ninety PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 miles southwest of Tucson (Bendire, 1892, p. 18). It ranges up the valley of the Santa Cruz River to a point some thirty miles south of Tucson; along the western base of the Santa Rita Mountains it reaches a little farther north. It is abundant on the east side of the Santa Ritas and in the valley of the San Pedro River from the Mexican boundary line to the east slope of the Santa Catalina Mountains. The northernmost points of record are Fort Grant (Henshaw, iS/sb. p. 442), Picacho Station, on the Southern Pacific railroad, this probably an ex- treme, possibly an unusual, extension of range (Brewster, 1883, p. 33), and the Gila River near Clifton (Bendire, 1892, p. 18). Although the character of country inhabited by this species and Lophortyx gambcli is very similar, there are but few points where the two occur together, and where this occurs one or the other is usually greatly in preponderance. 79. Lophortyx gambeli Gambel. DESERT QUAIL. Synonyms — Callipepla gambeli ; Lophortyx calif ornicus. Status — Though most abundant in the valleys of the lower Colorado and the Gila rivers, this species is quite generally distributed, in the lowlands, throughout the southern and western two-thirds of the state. It is not known to occur in the northern plateau region, north of Fort Apache and the Mogollon Mountains and east of Bill Williams Mountain and Cataract Canon ; and until recently it was very rare in the extreme southeastern corner of the state, the southern half of Cochise County. Of late years has become much more common in the vicinity of Tombstone and the Dragoon Mountains. Occurs in the latter range up to 5000 feet (F. C. Willard, MS). 80. Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi Nelson. MEARNS QUAIL. Synonyms — Cyrtonyx masscna; Cyrtonyx montczwnac ; Fool Quail. Status — Found in the Upper Sonoran and Transition of central and south- eastern Arizona. It has been recorded from the following mountain ranges: Chiricahua, Huachuca, Carmelita, Patagonia, Santa Rita. Whetstone, Rincon, Santa Catalina, Pinal, White and Mogollon mountains. The most northern and western record is from the vicinity of Fort Whipple. The range is thus very "spotty" and broken, the intervening valleys between the various ranges being, for the most part, entirely unsuited to the species. The vertical range is from 4000 to 9000 feet. 81. Dendragapus obscurus obscurus (Say). DUSKY GROUSE. Synonym — Canacc obscnrus. Status— Common in the White Mountains (Mearns, 18903, p. 52). There is a record of a single bird seen on San Francisco Mountain (Merriam, 1890, p. 89). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 23 82. Meleagris gallopavo merriami Nelson. MERRIAM TURKEY. Synonyms — Mdeagris "allopavo; M elect gris mc.ricaiia. Status — This species was probably at one time pretty gelieFally distributed throughout the state, south of the Grand Canon of the Colorado and the Little Colorado River, reaching- its western limit, in southern Arizona about the valley of the Santa Cruz, in the north, about the head of Bill Williams River. Now driven back to the most remote mountain ranges, and even in many such, nearly or quite exterminated. 83. Columba fasciata fasciata Say. BAND-TAILED PIGEON. Status — A common summer visitant in suitable localities throughout the state ; that is, in the higher mountain ranges, breeding usually above 6000 feel . Has been found in summer on San Francisco Mountain, Mount Graham, and the White, Mogollon, Santa Catalina, Huachuca, and Carmelita mountains. Is locally migratory, but probably to be found somewhere in the state at all times of the year. I know of no definite midwinter records. 84. Zenaidura macroura marginella (Woodhouse). WESTERN MOURNING DOVE. Synonyms — Hctopistes carolinensis ; Zcnaidnra carolinensis; Zenaidura macroura; Zenaidura macroura carolinensis. Status — A common summer visitant throughout the state, occurring in places in almost incredible numbers. In the valley of the lower Colorado River, and locally in southern Arizona, it is found throughout the winter. 85 Melopelia asiatica tmdeaui (Audubon). WHITE-WINGED DOVE. Synonyms — Columba leucoptera; Melopelia leucoptcra; Melopelia asiatica. Status-— A common summer visitant, locally, in southern and western Ari- zona. Its range in the state seems to be restricted to the valleys of the lower Col- orado and Gila rivers, and the tributaries of the latter (San Pedro, Santa Cnu, Verde, and Salt rivers), in which it ranges up to about 4000 feet. Extends at least as far north as Needles (Stephens, 1903, p. 77), and Fort Whipple (Cones, i866a, p. 93). Seen in small numbers at Tucson throughout the winter (Bendire, 1892, p. 146). 86. Chaemepelia passerina pallescens Baird. MEXICAN GROUND DOVE. Synonyms — Chamaepelia passe'nna; Columbigallina passerina. Status — Locally common in southern Arizona, ascending the valley of the Colorado as far north as the Big Sandy (Stephens, 1903, p. 77), in the interior to Fort Verde (Todd, 1913, p. 594). It is partly migratory but stays through the winter in parts of its range. Specimens in the collection of F. S. Daggett taken at Fort Lowell in November and December. According to Gilman (i9iib, p. 54) it is a summer visitant only at Sacaton. 24 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 87. Scardafella inca (Lesson). INCA DOVE. Status — Exceedingly local, and recorded from very few points — Tucson, Phoe- nix, Florence, Tubac (in the Santa Cruz Valley), and the Huachuca Mountains. It particularly favors the towns and settlements, a trait shared to some extent by the Mexican Ground Dove, and is probably more abundant in the vicinity of Phoenix than anywhere else in the state. Reported as a permanent resident at Sacaton, Pinal County (Oilman, 191 ib, p. 55). 88. Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied. TURKEY VULTURE. Synonyms — Cathartes aura; Rhinogryphits aura. Status — A common summer visitant throughout the state ; reported from many scattered localities, generally below 6000 feet : Fort Whipple, summer ; Santa Catalina Mountains, resident; San Francisco and Mogollon mountains, summer; Keam Canon, summer; Huachuca Mountains, summer; Santa Rita Mountains, summer. Breeding on the east slope of the Santa Catalina Moun- tains, in the Dragoon Mountains, and in the Huachua Mountains (F. C. Willard, MS). It remains during the winter in parts of southern Arizona. 89. Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus). MARSH HAWK. Synonyms — Circus cyancus; Circus cyancus var. hudsonius. Status — An abundant migrant, and, in southern Arizona at least, a common winter visitant (Scott, 1886, p. 422; San Pedro River, January). Found breed- ing near Tucson by Bendire (1892, p. 185). 90. Accipiter velox (Wilson). SHARP-SHINNED HAWK. Synonyms — Accipiter fuscus; Nisus fuscus; Accipiter vclox rufilatus ; Ac- cipiter vclox pacificus. Status — Probably breeds in small numbers in the higher mountains through- out the state, but though observed during the summer months there are no de- finite published statements of its breeding anywhere in Arizona. Found nesting in the Huachuca Mountains, a set of eggs being taken in Miller Canon, at an altitude of 6800 feet, May 30, 1907 (F. C. Willard, MS). It is a very common migrant throughout the state, and has been seen in southern Arizona during the winter, at the San Pedro River in January (Scott. 1886, p. 422), and at Sulphur Spring, Cochise County, in November (Osgood, 1903, p. 129). 91. Accipiter cooperi (Bonaparte). COOPER HAWK. Synonyms — Accipiter nie.vicanus; Nisus cooperi. Status — A very common resident, breeding in suitable localities throughout 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 25 the state, in Lower and Upper Sonoran, and to at least the lower edge of Transi- tion. There are breeding records from Picacho, Colorado River (Mus. Vert. Zool.) ; Santa Cruz River near Tucson (Swarth, 19053, p. 25) ; Huachuca Moun- tains (Swarth, itp4b, p. 6) ; Santa Rita Mountains (Brewster, 1883^ p. 30) ; San- ta Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1886, p. 422); and Fort Grant (Coues, 1868, p. 82). It remains locally through the winter. 92. Astur atricapillus atricapillus (Wilson). AMERICAN GOSHAWK. Synonyms — Accipitcr atricapillus; Accipitcr atricapillus striatulus. Status — There are very few records of the occurrence of this species in Ari- zona: On San Francisco Mountain, where several were seen (Merriam, 1890, p. 90) ; a few individuals in the Mogollons in May and on San Francisco Moun- tain in June (Mearns, 18903, p. 53) ; and in the Huachuca Mountains, where it is a rare migrant (Swarth, 1904^ p. 6). <)3. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Audubon). HARRIS HAWK. Synonyms — Morphnns unicinctus; Cra.vire.v unicinctus; Cra.nrex harrisii. Status — Recorded from the Colorado River in February (Kennerly, 1859, p. 20) , and at Ehrenberg in August ( Stephens, 1903, p. 77) . It ranges across southern Arizona, and has been found breeding in the vicinity of Tucson (Bendire, 1892, p. 202), and at the east base of the Huachuca Mountains, where a set of eggs was collected June i. 1907 (F. C. Willard, MS). Seen on the San Pedro River, in extreme southeastern Arizona, in February (Willard, igioc, p. no). 94. Buteo borealis calurus Cassin. WESTERN RED-TAILED HAWK. Synonyms — Buteo borealis; Buteo calunis; Buteo r.wntanus. Status — An abundant resident, found in all parts of the state. Breeds from Lower Sonoran up through Transition, exact points of record being Rillito Creek near Tucson, Camp Crittenden, Santa Catalina Mountains, and the pine belt of the Mogollon Mountains. 95. Buteo abbreviatus Cabanis. ZONE-TAILED HAWK. Synonym — Buteo zonoccrcus. Status — Generally distributed throughout southern Arizona. Recorded from many localities (Colorado River, Santa Cruz Valley, Rincon Mountains, etc.) north to the Verde Valley, Prescott, and the Big Sandy. Numerous breed- ing records, mostly in the Upper Sonoran zone: Tucson (Brewster, 1883, p. 30) ; New River (Mearns, i886a, p. 60) ; Huachuca Mountains (Bendire, 1887, p. 551) ; Rincon Mountains (Brown, 1901, p. 392) ; east slope of Santa Catalina Mountains (F. C. Willard, MS). Except along the lower Colorado it seems to go south of Arizona in the winter. Seen at Yuma in winter (Price, 1899, P- 91)- 26 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 96. Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte. SWAIN SON HAWK. Synonyms — Buteo bairdi; Btitco insignatus; Bntco o.vyptcrns. Status — An abundant summer visitant on the plains in extreme southeastern Arizona (Tucson, Fort Grant, Fort Huachuca, etc.) ; also found breeding near Yuma (Brown, 1903, p. 44). During the migrations it is more widely distribut- ed. Has not been observed in Arizona during the winter months. 97. Buteo albicaudatus sennetti Allen. SENNETT WHITE-TAILED HAWK. Status — A nest found by G. F. Breninger between Florence and Red Rock in 1897, and a male bird taken by the same collector at Phoenix in the spring of 1899 (1899^ p. 352). Not otherwise observed in Arizona. 98. Urubitinga anthracina (Lichtenstein). MEXICAN BLACK HAWK. Status — The only breeding record is from the vicinity of Fort Verde, in central Arizona (Mearns, i886a, p. 60). Other points at which the species has been observed are Forts Bowie, Lowell, and Huachuca. Its occurrence at Fort Bowie in February (Fowler, 1903, p. 70) indicates that it remains throughout the year in some parts at least of southern Arizona. 99. Asturina plagiata Schlegel. MEXICAN GOSHAWK. Synonyms — Asturina nitida; Asturina nitida plagiata. Status — The center of its abundance in Arizona seems to be the valley of the Santa Cruz River, where it is not uncommon during the summer months. It has also been found breeding on Rillito Creek (a tributary of the Santa Cruz), in the foothills of the Santa Rita Mountains, on the San Pedro River, and, the westernmost record, on the Gila River in the vicinity of Gila Bend (Pember, 1892, p. 53). 100. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Gmelin). AMERICAN ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK. Synonym — Archibuteo lagopus. Status — A specimen taken by Coues ( i866a, p. 48) at Fort Whipple in the winter of 1865. Henshaw (i875a, pp. 163, 164) cites Bendire as having met with the species at Tucson in winter. 101. Archibuteo fernigineus (Lichtenstein). FERRUGINOUS ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK. Status — Coues (i866a, p. 46) found this species abundant in winter in the vicinity of Fort Whipple. Fisher (18933, p. 91) records a specimen taken at Fort Verde in December. The few other Arizona records are either of doubtfully identified birds, or else are not explicit statements of the place or manner of oc- currence. It has not been found breeding in Arizona. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 27 102. Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus). GOLDEN EAGLE. Synonyms — Aquila canadcnsis; Aquila chrysaetus var. canadcnsis. Status — A fairly common resident of the higher mountain ranges in northern Arizona, and in the eastern part of the state south to the Mexican boundary line. Found breeding at Prescott (Coues, i892b, p. 201) ; reported as resident in the Santa Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1886, p. 423), and in the Huachuca Moun- tains (Swarth, i9O4b, p. 7) ; an old nest seen in the latter range (Swarth MS). Recorded from various other scattered localities : in summer, San Francisco Mountain, Santa Catalina Mountains, Keam Canon, etc. ; in fall and winter, Grand Canon, Fort Whipplc, Huachuca Mountains, etc. Not observed anywhere in the western deserts. 103. Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linnaeus). BALD EAGLE. Status — Reported by Mearns (18903, p. 53) as breeding at Stoneman's Lake, in the Mogollon Mountains. Cones met with it at Fort Whipple, and Henshaw at Fort Apache in southeastern Arizona; a specimen is listed by Fisher (18933, p. 97) as collected in the Mogollon Mountains in January. 104. Falco mexicanus Schlegel. PRAIRIE FALCON. Synonyms — Falco polyagrus; Falco lanarius var. polyagnts; Falco scikcr var. polyagrns. Status — Fairly common resident throughout the state; reported from many different points, winter and summer. Found breeding on San Francisco Moun- tain (Merriam, 1890, p. 90), and in the Huachuca Mountains (Howard, 1902, p. 57), and an occupied nesting site observed on the Colorado River near the mouth of Bill Williams River in the spring of 1910 (Mns. Vert. Zool.). 105. Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte. DUCK HAWK. Synonyms — Falco anatum; Falco nigriccps; Falco communis var. anatum. Status — Resident and apparently common in the mountains of central Ari- zona (Mearns, 18903, p. 54). In the more southern parts of the state it is a rather uncommon migrant. 106. Falco columbarius columbarius Linnaeus. PIGEON HAWK. Synonym — Hypotriorchis columbarius. Status — I know of no instance of this species breeding in Arizona. It oc- curs as a fairly common migrant, and, in some localities, possibly as a winter visi- tant. 28 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 107. Falco columbarius richardsoni Ridgway. RICHARDSON MERLIN. Synonyms — Falco richardsoni; Falco aesalon. Status — Cooper secured an adult female at Fort Mohave, January 21, 1861 ( Mus. Vert. Zool., no. 4388), and Fisher (18933, p. 114) lists one collected at Fort Verde, December 9, 1887, the only definite records I know of for Arizona. Coues' (i866a, p. 42) comments on Falco aesalon undoubtedly refer to this species, but give no clue as to its status in the region he explored. 108. Falco fusco-caerulescens Vieillot. APLOMADO FALCON. Synonyms — Falco fcmoralis; Hypotriorchis fcmoralis. Status — Formerly, at least, a fairly common •summer visitant in extreme southeastern Arizona. Henshaw ( i875b, p. 413) observed it in this region in 1874, and Bendire (1887, p. 552) describes its nesting near Fort Huachuca. Has been met with but seldom of late years. One seen on the San Pedro River, near Fairbanks, February 13, 1910 (Willard, I9ioc, p. no). 109. Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus. AMERICAN SPARROW HAWK. Synonyms — Tinnuncvlus sparverius; Falco sparverius deserticolus ; Falco sparverius pholoena. Status — An abundant resident of general distribution, breeding both in the valleys and in the mountains. There are, among ethers, breeding records from Fort Whipple, Santa Catalina Mountains, Huachuca Mountains, Mogollon Moun- tains, and Santa Cruz River near Tucson, these points being variously in the Lower Sonoran, Upper Sonoran, and Transition zones. It is locally migratory, but prob- ably to be found in most of the lower valleys during the winter. Explicit winter records are from Fort Whipple, Tucson, Sulphur Spring Valley, and the San Pedro River. no. Polyborus cheriway (Jacquin). AUDUBON CARACARA. Synonyms — Polyborus tharus ; Polyborus audubonii; Polyborus tharus var. auduboni. Status — Apparently not common. Reported from the vicinity of Tucson in summer, and from Yuma, doubtfully identified by Price (1899, p. 91), and the Salt River (Fisher, 18933, p. 128) in winter. Found breeding sixteen miles south- west of Tucson by Herbert Brown (Bendire, 1892, p. 317). in. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis ( Gmelin ) . AMERICAN OSPREY. Synonym — Pandion carolinensis. Status — There seem to be no breeding records for the state though specimens have been taken in the summer months (see Fisher, 18933, p. 130). Reported from scattered localities throughout Arizona during the migrations, usually along the larger streams. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 29 112. Aluco pratincola (Bonaparte). AMERICAN BARN OWL Synonyms — Stri.v pratincola; Strix americana; Strix flammed var. ameri- cana; Stri.v flammed; Aluco flammcns pratincola. Status — Probably most abundant in the central portions of the state. Coues ( i866a, p. 49) states that it is a common resident at Fort Whipple, and Fisher (18933. p. 132) lists numerous specimens from Fort Verde, taken in May, July, October and December. There are no records from the northern plateau region, and in southern Arizona it is rare. Found breeding at Tombstone on several occasions (F. C. Willard, MS). Found breeding also near Pilot Knob, on the Colorado River (Mus. Vert. Zool.) . This was on the California side of the stream, but in the absence of Arizona records from the region, may be cited as evidence of the manner of occurrence of the species in this valley. 113. Asio wilsonianus (Lesson). AMERICAN LONG-EARED OWL. Synonyms — Otns amcricanns; Ottis wilsonianus; Otus vulgaris var. wil- sonianus; Asio amcricanus. Status — Apparently of rare occurrence. Reported during the migrations and in the winter, from various scattered localities throughout the state : Fort Whipple ; Tucson, February ; Fort Verde, January, February ; Sulphur Spring, April ; Fort Huachuca, April. 114. Asio flammeus (Pontopiddan). SHORT-EARED OWL. Synonyms — Strigiccps uliginosus; Brachyotus cassinii; Otus brachyotus; Asio accipitn'inis. Status — A migrant and winter visitant. Reported from Fort Whipple, Colo- rado River, Fort Bowie, Gila Bend, and Sulphur Spring Valley. Met with by but a few observers, and in small numbers, except as reported by Coues (i866a, p. 5O\ who found it common on the Colorado River. 115. Strix occidentalis huachucae Swarth. ARIZONA SPOTTED OWL. Synonyms — Syrniiim accident ale; Stri.v occidentalis. Status — A resident, probably not very uncommon, in the higher mountains of southeastern Arizona. There seem to be published records of its occurrence only from the vicinity of Tucson (Ridgway, 1874, p. 239; Bendire, 1892, p. 343) and from the Huachuca Mountains (Swarth, i9iob, p. i). TI 6. Cryptoglaux acadica acadica (Gmelin). SAW-WHET OWL. Synonym — Nyctale acadica. Status — Known only from the record by Mearns (i89Oa, p. 54), who found it breeding on San Francisco Mountain. 30 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 117. Otus asio cineraceus (Ridgway). MEXICAN SCREECH OWL. Synonyms — Scops mccalli, part ; Megascops asio trichopsis, part ; Mcgascops asio cine-roc ens, part; Scops asio, part; Scops asio var. maccialli, part. Status — A common resident of the Upper Sonoran zone in southern Ari- zona. It has not been found on the plateau region of northeastern Arizona. 118. Otus asio gilmani Swarth. SAHUARO SCREECH OWL. Synonyms — Scops mccalli, part; Scops asio; Sfops asio var. maccalli, part; Scops asio trichopsis; Scops trichopsis; Megascops asio trichopsis, part; Megas- cops asio cineraceus, part; Otus trichopsis, part. Status — A common resident of the hot Lower Sonoran valleys of southern and western Arizona. Ranges east to Tucson and the valley of the Santa Cruz River, west to the Colorado River ; it ascends the latter stream at least as far as Fort Mohave (a specimen collected by Cooper at Fort Mohave, February 24, 1861, Yio. 4395, coll. Univ. Calif. Mus. Vert. Zool.). 119. Otus trichopsis (Wagler). SPOTTED SCREECH OWL. Synonyms — Megascops aspersus; Megascops trichopsis. Status — The Huachuca Mountains seems to be the only place in the United States where this species has been found, though it undoubtedly occurs also in some of the neighboring mountain ranges. In the Huachucas it is known as a rare summer visitant, about ten specimens having been secured. A set of three eggs taken in that range on June 19, 1901, by G. F. Breninger, and now in the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History, establishes a breeding rec- ord for the region. The parent bird being taken with the set (no. 16234 coll. Field Mus. Nat. Hist.) renders the identity unquestionable. 1 20. Otus flammeolns (Kaup). FLAM MULATP:D( SCREECII\ OWL. Synonyms — Scops flammeola; Megascops flammeolns. Status — Probably a fairly common summer visitant of the higher mountains throughout the state. Specimens have been secured at the G:rand Canon (Mer- riam, 1890, p. 39), near Camp Apache (Henshaw, i875b, p. 406), in the Huachuca Mountains (Swarth, 1904^ p. 9), and in the Chiricahua Mountains (specimen in Mus. Vert. Zool.). It has been found breeding in the Huachucas (Willard, icpgc, p. 199). 121. Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone. WESTERN HORNED OWL. Synonyms — Bubo magellanicus; Bubo virginianus; Bubo virginianus pacifi- cus; Asio magellanicus pallescens; Bubo magellanicus pallescens; Bubo vir- ginianus var. arcticus; Bubo virginianus subarcticus; Bubo virginianus saturatus; Asio magellanicus pacificus. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 31 Status — A fairly common resident, reported from all parts of the state. Found in Lower Sonoran (Tucson, Gila River, etc.), Transition (Huachuca Mountains, Hualpai Mountains) and Boreal (spruce belt of San Francisco Mountain: Merriam, 1890, p. 91). 122. Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea (Bonaparte). BURROWING OWL. Synonyms — Athene hypugaca; Athene cunicularia. Status — Irregularly and locally distributed throughout the valleys of the state. In general it may be said to be common where the Prairie Dog (Cynomys) is found, in the lower Sonoran valleys of northeastern and southeastern Arizona, and decidedly rare elsewhere. Sparingly distributed across the plains oi: south- western Arizona. 123. Glaucidium gnoma pinicola Nelson. , ROCKY MOUNTAIN\PIGMY OWL. Synonyms — Glaucidium passeri'ium var. calif ornicum, part; Glaucidium gnoma. Status — A resident in the Transition zone of the higher mountains through- out the state. Reported from many scattered localities : Prescott, San Francisco Mountain, Huachuca Mountains, Chiricahua Mountains, Mogollon Mountains, White Mountains. 124. Glaucidium phaloenoides (Daudin). FERRUGINOUS PIGMY OWL. Synonyms — Glaucidium ferntgincum; Glaucidium passe rinum var. calif or- 11 leu in, part. Status — Apparently restricted to the valley of the upper Gila Rivtr, and its tributaries (Salt River, Santa Cruz River, etc.), where it is not uncommon. Has not been taken west of Gila Bend. A bird of the Lower Sonoran zone almost ex- clusively. Probably resident, though I know of no definite winter records. 125. Micropallas whitneyi (Cooper). ELF OWL. Synonyms — Athene whitneyi; Micrathenc whitneyi. Status — A common species in the Lower Sonoran zone in southern Arizona, from the valley of the Santa Cruz, and the Catalina Mountains, west to the Col- orado River ; north along the latter to the Big Sandy River ( Stephens, 1903, p. 101) and Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1861, p. 118). During the breeding season it is almost entirely restricted to the region occupied by the giant cactus. There is, however, a breeding record from the Huachuca Mountains (Fisher, 1904, p. 80). It is probably migratory to some extent, as the records from scattering points out- side the proper breeding range would indicate : Fort Mohave, April ; Dragoon Mountains, April; Fort Bowie, October; etc. 32 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 126. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha (Swainson). THICK-BILLED PARROT. Status — Known only as an irregular, occasionally abundant, mid-summer visitant to the Chiricahua Mountains (see Lusk, 1900, p 129; Smith, 19073, p. 104). 127. Crotophaga sulcirostris Swainson. GROOVE-BILLED ANI. Status — A single bird recorded as taken near the Huachuca Mountains in May, 1888 (Poling, 1891, p. 313). 128. Geococcyx calif ornianus (Lesson). ROADRUNNER. Synonym — Geococcyx viaticns. Status — A fairly common resident of the valleys and foothills below Transi- tion. Reported from many low zone localities in all parts of the state. Probably breeds mainly in the Lower Sonoran zone, wandering to somewhat higher alti- tudes in late summer. 129. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgway. CALIEORNIA CUCKOO. Synonym — Coccyzus am ericanus. Status — A summer visitant, fairly common, but of irregular distribution. It is found in the valleys of southern Arizona, along the Gila River and its trib- utaries, and also along the Colorado River, but has not been detected in the high plateau region of northeastern Arizona. Breeds mainly in the Lower Sonoran zone, but also, in limited numbers, in Upper Sonoran almost to the lower edge of Transition (Swarth, 1904^ p. 10). 130. Trogon ambiguus Gould. COPPERY-TAILED TROGON. Status — A rare and irregular summer visitant in the Transition of some of the higher mountains of extreme southern Arizona. Reported from the Huach- ucas (Ridgway, 18873, p. 161 ; i887b, p. 147; Fowler, 1903, p. 69; etc.), the San Luis Mountains (Ridgway, 1911, p. 771) and, doubtfully, from the Santa Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1886, p. 425)'. 131. Ceryle alcyon alcyon (Linnaeus). BELTED KINGFISHER. Status — A fairly common migrant in all parts of Arizona. Although report- ed as a permanent resident, or as a summer visitant, by several observers (Coues, i866a, p. 59; vScott. 1886, p. 425; Bendire, 1895, p. 34), I know of no specific instance of a nest having been found. Remains through the winter in some of the warmer southern valleys: Tucson (Scott. 1. c.), Colorado River, below Yuma (Price. 1899, p. 92). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 33 132. Ceryle americana septentrionalis Sharpe. TEXAS KINGFISHER. Synonym — Ceryle americana. Status — Coues (i866c, p. 263) observed this species at points on the Col- orado River between Forts Mohave and Yuma, in September, 1865. Since that time it was not again met with until February 13, 1910, when F. C. Willard se- cured a single specimen, an adult male, on the San Pedro River, near Fairbanks (Willard, igioc, p. no). This specimen is now in the University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (no. 13990). 133. Dryobates villosus leacothorectis Oberholser. WHITE-BREASTED WOODPECKER. Synonyms — Picns harnsii; Picus villosus harrisi; Dryobates villosus har- risi; Dcndrocopus harrisi; Dryobates viiiostts hyloscopus; Dryobates villosus icastus. Status — A common resident of the higher mountains throughout the state. Breeds in the Canadian and Transition zones, but is of occasional occurrence in winter in some of the lower valleys: Verde Valley in winter (Mearns, 18903, p. 251) ; Tucson, winter (Bendire, 1895, p. 53). 134. Dryobates pubescens homorus Cabanis and Heine. BATCHELDER WOODPECKER. Synonyms — Picus pubescens; Picus gairdneri; Picus pubescens gairdneri; Dryobates pubescens gairdneri; Dryobates pubescens oreoecus. Status — There are br.t few records of the occurrence of this species in Ari- zona. Henshaw (1875!), p. 388) met with it on the Gila River in October, Scott (1886, p. 426) secured a single specimen at Riverside (also on the Gila River) in April, 1882, while Mearns (18903, p. 252) found it breeding sparingly in the pine and spruce zones of the San Francisco and Mogollon mountains. 135. Dryobates scalaris cactophilus Oberholser. CACTUS WOODPECKER. Synonyms — Picus scalaris ; Dryobates scalaris; Dryobates scalaris bairdi. Status- — A common resident of the Lower Sonoran zone throughout south- ern and western Arizona. It ranges north to Fort Apache, the south base of the Mogollon Mountains, and Fort Whipple ; along the Colorado River still farther north: confluence of Beaverdam and Virgin rivers (Fisher, 1893^ p. 47). 136. Dryobates arizonae (Hargitt). ARIZONA WOODPECKER. Synonyms — Picus stricklandi; Dryobates stricklandi; Picus arizonae ; Den- drocopus arizonae. Status — A common resident of the live-oak belt of the mountains of the ex- treme southeastern corner of the state. Reported from the Santa Rita, Chirica- hua, Huachuca, Whetstone, and Rincon mountains, and the east slope of the San- ta Catalina Mountains. 34 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 137. Picoides americanus dorsalis Baird. ALPINE THREE-TOED WOODPECKER. Status — A resident of the Canadian zone (pine and spruce belts) of the White, Mogollon and San Francisco mountains (Henshaw, 187513, p. 391 ; Mearns, 18903, p. 252). 138. Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis Baird. RED-NAPED SAPSUCKER. Synonyms — Picus varius; Sphyrapicus varius; Sphyrapicus nuchalis. Status — A fairly common migrant, and, in extreme southern Arizona and along the Colorado River, a winter visitant. It has several times been reported as "resident" in northern Arizona, but I know of no authentic breeding record. 139. Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cassin). WILLIAMSON SAPSUCKER. Synonym — Sphyrapicus zvilliatnsonii. Status — Common resident in the Canadian zone of the higher parts of the White, Mogollon and San Francisco mountains (Mearns, 18903, p. 252). Farther south it is a fairly common migrant and winter visitant in the mountains, while it has once been reported from the Colorado River, at Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1861, p. 121). 140. Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Linnaeus). RED-HEADED WOODPECKER. Status — A single specimen was taken by Price in the Chiricahua Mountains, in the spring of 1894 (Bendire, 1895, p. 107). This is the only record for Ari- zona. 141. Melanerpes formicivorus aculeatus Mearns. MEARNS WOODPECKER. Synonyms — Melanerpes formicivorus; Melanerpes fonnicivorus bairdi; Melanerpes melanopogon, part; Balanosphyra fonuicx'ora aculeata. Status — A common resident of the live-oak regions. In northern Arizona ranges from the Grand Canon of the Colorado (Mcrriam, 1890, p. 39), and Bill Williams Mountain (Wetmore, 1908, p. 379) — but not on S?.n Francisco Moun- tain (see Merriam, 1890, p. 92) — west to the Hualpai Mountains (Stephens, 1903, p. 101) and Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 55) ; extends southeastward- ly throughout the state, on the southern boundary ranging west to the Santa Rita Mountains. . Absent from the arid southwestern portion, all that would be south and west of a line drawn from the Hualpai to the Santa Rita Mountains. Re- ported as a straggler at Sacaton, September 5, 1910 (Oilman, 19113, p. 35). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 35 142. Asyndesmus lewisi Riley. LEWIS WOODPECKER. Synonyms— Celeus torqnatits; Melanerpes torqnatits; Asyndesmus torqita- tits. Status—Mentioned by Merriam (1890, p. 92) as breeding in the pinon and cedar belt on San Francisco Mountain. Elsewhere in Arizona it has been noted as an erratic visitant, present in numbers one year, and absent the next, but apt to occur almost anywhere. 143. Centurus uropygialis Baird. GILA WOODPECKER. Synonyms — Melanerpes uropygialis. Status — A common resident of the Lower Sonoran zone in southern and western Arizona. In the eastern part of the state it does not range north of the Salt River, but it ascends the Colorado at least to Fort Mohave ; of occasional oc- currence at Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 54). It is practically restricted to such parts of the valleys of the Gila River and its tributaries as lie in the Lower Sonoran zone, and to the valley of the lower Colorado River. 144. Colaptes cafer collaris Vigors. RED- SHAFTED FLICKER. Synonyms — Colaptes nibricatus; Colaptes me.vicanits; Colaptes aiiratus mexi- camts; Colaptes cafer. Status — Common resident, breeding in Upper Sonoran and Transition. Breeding records from the Santa Catalina, Mogollon, Hualpai, Huachuca and Santa Rita mountains. During the migrations and in the winter it is quite gener- ally distributed. 145. Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi Ridgway. MEARNS GILDED FLICKER. Synonyms — Colaptes ayresii; Colaptes chrysoides. Status — A common resident of the Lower Sonoran zone in parts of south- ern and western Arizona, extending east to the Santa Rita and the east slope of the Santa Catalina mountains, north to Fort Mohave. Its range is almost ab- solutely coextensive with that of the giant cactus, the easternmost limit of the species, some twenty-five miles southeast of Tucson, being abruptly defined along the line marking the edge of the territory where the cactus grows. West of the Santa Rita Mountains in the giant cactus region, the gilded flicker is abundant, east of that range it is unknown. On the Colorado River it occurs at the few points where the cactus is found, but it has also been taken in different associa- tions, as at Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1861, p. 121). 36 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 146. Antrostomus vocifems macromystax (Wagler). STEPHENS WHIP-POOR-WILL. Synonyms — Antrostomus vocifems; Antrostomus vociferus arisonae. Status — A fairly common summer visitant in some of the higher mountains of southeastern Arizona. Found in high Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in the Chiricahua, Santa Rita, Graham, Huachuca and Whetstone mountains. Re- ported once from the Santa Catalina Mountains, in April (Scott, 1886, p. 429). 147. Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii (Audubon). POORWILL. Synonyms — Caprimulgus nuttallii; Antrostomus nuttallii; Phalaenoptilus nuttalli nitidus. Status — A common summer visitant throughout the state. Definite breed- ing records from Arizona are rare, but the birds have been taken or observed in the breeding season in Lower Sonoran, Upper Sonoran, and the lower part of the Transition zone. It has been found in December in the vicinity of Tucson (Bendire, 1895, p. 153). 148. Chordeiles virglnianus henryi Cassin. WESTERN NIGHTHAWK. Synonyms — Chordeiles virginianus; Chordeiles popetue ; Chordeiles henryi, part; Chordeiles popetue henryi. Status — Common summer visitant of the higher mountains throughout the state: Flagstaff, Fort Whipple, San Francisco Mountain, Hualpai Mountains. Keam Canon, Whetstone Mountains, Huachuca Mountains. Apparently does not occur below Upper Sonoran, even in the migrations. Has not been observed any- where in southwestern Arizona. 149. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis Lawrence. TEXAS NlGHTHAVVK. Synonyms — Chordeiles texensis; Chordeiles henryi, part. Status — An abundant summer visitant of the Lower Sonoran zone in south- ern and western Arizona. In the eastern part of the state it apparently does not occur north of the Gila River; in the west it extends to a point some fifty miles south of Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 58), and, along the valley of the Col- orado River, quite to the northern boundary of the state: mouth of Beaverdam Creek (Fisher, i893b, p. 53). 150. Chaetura vauxi (Townsend). VAUX SWIFT. Synonym — A ca n th ylis pelasgia. Status — Apparently a rare migrant in Arizona ; has been observed at but a few points. Seen in the Santa Catalina Mountains in October (Scott. 1886, p. 429), at the Pima Indian Reservation on the Gila River, in September (Bren- inger, 19013, p. 45), in the Huachuca Mountains in May (Swarth, 1904^ p. 16), and along the Colorado River at Potholes, Yunia, and Pilot Knob, in April and May (Mns. Vert. Zool.). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 37 151. Aeronautes melanoleucus (Baird). Wll ITE-THROATED Sw IFT. Synonyms — Acanthylis sa.vatalis; Cypsehis melanoleucus; Panyptila melano- lcv.cn; Micropus melanoleucus. Status — Breeds commonly on rocky cliffs and precipices throughout the state. Re-mains through the winter in parts at least of southern and western Ari- zona. 1^2. Eugenes fulgens (Swainson). RIVOLI HUMMINGBIRD. Status — A common summer visitant of some of the higher mountains of southeastern Arizona. While apparently most numerous in the Huachuca and Chiricahua mountains, it has been reported from the Santa Ritas, the San Luis Mountains, the Santa Catalinas (one specimen, Rhoads, 1892, p. 1^17), and Mount Graham (Henshaw, 1875!}, p. 379), the latter being probably its northern limit. The vertical breeding range — where the nests are located — is about from 5000 to 7000 feet, but the adult males are usually to be found in high Transition, above 8000 feet. 153. Cyanolaemus clemenciae (Lesson). BLUE-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD. Synonym — Cocligcna clemenciae. Status — A rather uncommon summer visitant in the damp shady canons of the mountain ranges of southeastern Arizona. Has been found in the Santa Cata- iin?, Santa Rita, Chiricahua, San Luis, and Huachuca mountains. Nests and eggs have been secrred in the last mentioned range (see Breninger, 1903, p. 435; Willard, 1911, p. 46). 154. Archilochus alexandri (Bourcier and Mulsant). BLACK-CHIN NED HUMMINGPIRB. Synonym — Tro chillis ale.randri. Status — Very common summer visitant, found generally in foothill country and along wooded streams. Ranges north into the Mogollon Mountains in cen- tral Arizona, where Mearns ( i89oa, p. 255) found it breeding in the pine belt, casually still farther north: i specimen, Keam Canon, July 31 (Fisher, 1903, p. 35). Breeds along the Colorado River to the northern boundary of the state. 155. Calypte costae (Bourcier). COSTA HUMMINGBIRD. Synonyms — Selasphonis costae; Atthis costae ; Trochilus costae. Status — Common summer visitant of the Lower Sonoran zone in southern and western Arizona : reported north to Fort Grant and Tucson in the east, and to Fort Mohave on the Colorado River. A few seem to remain through the win- ter as it has been found both at Bill Williams River (Baird, 1858, p. 138) and in 'the extreme southwestern corner of Arizona (Bendire, 1895, p. 202) in Febru- ary. Though found breeding only at low altitudes, it is of common occurrence in the high mountains during the migrations, especially in the late summer : Huachuca Mountains, 5500 feet, July (Swarth, 1904^ p. 17). 38 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 156. Calypte anna (Lesson). ANNA HUMMINGBIRD. Synonym — Trochilus anna. Status — A rare autumnal visitant, reported from Camp Grant in September (Henshaw, 1875!), p. 375), from the Santa Catalina Mountains in October (Scott, 1886, p. 431), and from the Huachuca Mountains in October (Fisher, 1904, p. 80). 157. Selasphorus platycercus (Swainson). BROAD-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD. Synonym — Trochilus platycercus. Status — Common summer visitant in the higher parts of the Transition zone and upward, throughout Arizona ; reported from practically all of the higher mountain ranges visited by collectors : White Mountains, Camp Grant, Santa Catalina Mountains, Mogollon Mountains, San Francisco Mountain, Hualpai Mountains, Huachuca Mountains, Santa Rita Mountains. But one lowland rec- ord: Sulphur Spring Valley (Osgood, 1903, p. 130). 158. Selasphorus rufus (Gmelin). RUFOUS HUMMINGBIRD. Synonyms — Polytmus rufus; Trochilus rufus. Status — During the late summer this species is an exceedingly common mi- grant in the higher mountains of the state. As it appears in numbers early in July it has been occasionally reported as a "summer resident", but it undoubtedly does not breed anywhere in Arizona. It is of comparatively rare occurrence in the spring. 159. Selasphorus alleni Henshaw. ALLEN HUMMINGBIRD. Synonym — Trochilus alleni. Status — A rare visitant: A male secured in the Santa Catalina Mountains, July 23, 1884 (Scott, 1886, p. 431) ; specimens taken in the vicinity of Bisbee in August and September (Allen, 1893, p. 36) ; and in the Huachuca Mountains in July, in 1896 and in 1902 (Swarth, 1904^ p. 19). These are all the records for Arizona. The Allen and Anna hummingbirds probably belong in the same category in their manner of occurrence in Arizona: species that occasionally wander to this exceptional distance only at the period of general dispersal in the late summer. They can hardly be regarded as migrants, following a fixed path to a definite des- tination. 3914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 39 160. Atthis heloisa morcomi Ridgway. MORCOM HUMMINGBIRD. Synonym — Atthis morcomi. Status— Known only from two adult females secured by_H. G. Rising in Ramsay Canon, in the Huachuca Mountains, July 2, 1896 ( see THdgway, i8o,8b, p. 325). One of these two birds, the type, is in the United States National Mu- seum" the second is in the University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zool- ogy (no. 10299). 161. Stellula calliope (Gould). CALLIOPE HUMMINGBIRD. Synonym — Trochilus calliope. Status — A fairly common migrant, chiefly in the higher mountains, where it makes its appearance in July and August. Scott (1886, p. 431) secured a speci- men in the Santa Catalina Mountains, April 14, 1885, the only record I know of, of its occurrence in the spring. It has been found in the White Mountains, at Camp Grant and Camp Apache, in the Santa Catalina Mountains, and in the Huachuca s. 162. Calothorax lucifer (Swainscn). LUCIFER HUMMINGBIRD. Synonym — Doricha cnicura. Status — One specimen, an adult female, taken by Henshaw (iS75b, p. 381) at Fort Bowie, August 8, 1874. Not otherwise observed in Arizona. 163. TJranomitra salvini (Brewster). SALVIN HUMMINGBIRD. Status — An immature female, the second known specimen, was shot by H. W. Marsden in the Huachuca Mountains, July 4, 1905. This bird is in the collection of L. B. Bishop (see Bishop, 1906, p. 337). 164. Basilinna leucotis (Vieillot). WHITE-EARED HUMMINGBIRD. Status — Rare summer visitant to some of the higher ranges of southeastern Arizona, reported from the Chiricahua, Santa Rita, and Huachuca mountains. There are published records of about half a dozen specimens taken in Arizona (see Fisher, 1894, p. 325; Swarth, 1904^ p. 19). It has not as yet been found actually breeding in the state, though it probably does so. 165. Cynanthus latirostris Swainson. BROAD-BILLED HUMMINGBIRD. Synonyms — Circe latirostris; I ache latirostris. Status — A summer visitant, reported from the Santa Catalina. S^nta Rita, and Huachuca mountains, and from the Santa Cruz River west of the. Patagonia Mountains. Probably most abundant in the Santa Catalinas, where it is found along the streams from 3500 to 5000 feet. In the Huachucas it is of very rare oc- 40 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 currence. Henshaw ( 1875)3, p. 380), records three specimens of this humming- bird "secured in the Chiricahua Mountains, at a point a few miles distant from old Camp Crittenden." As old Camp Crittenden is many miles distant from the Chiricahua Mountains, and in the foothills of tbe Santa Ritas, this would seem to be a mistake, the more so as in a previous report on the same collections (i875a, p. 162) mention is made of "three specimens secured in the Santa Rita Moun- tains near the border line." Bendire (1895, p. 228) explicitly states that the species is not yet recorded from the Chiricahua Mountains. 1 66. Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris (Lawrence). XANTUS BECARD. Synonym — Platypsaris albiventris. Status — Price ( i888b, p. 425) secured a single specimen, a male bird, near the summit of the Huachuca Mountains, June 20, 1888. This is the only record for Arizona, and for the United States. 167. Tyrannus verticalis Say. WESTERN KINGBIRD. Status — A common summer visitant in the Lower Sonoran zone of southern nnd western Arizona. Found in the valley of the Oila River, and along its more southern tributaries, and also along the Colorado River. Though not reported •from any part of the high mountainous, central portion of the state, its presence in the arid northeastern corner is attested by a July record from Keam Canon (Fisher, 1903, p. 35). 1 68. Tyrannus vociferans Swainson. CASSIN KINGBIRD. Status — Common summer visitant in parts of southeastern, and most of central and northern, Arizona. Breeds mostly in the Upper Sonoran zone, in places extending up into Transition. Reported from Nogales in January (Baird, 1858, p. 174). Has not been found in the arid Lower Sonoran southwestern por- tion of Arizona. 169. Myiodynastes luteiventris Sclater. SULPHUR-BELLIED FLYCATCHER. Status — A fairly common summer visitant in the higher mountain ranges of extreme southeastern Arizona. Has been found in the Santa Rita Mountains (Henshaw, 18753, p. 161), the Chiricahua Mountains (Henshaw i875b, p. 346), and the Huachuca Mountains (Swarth, 1904^ p. 21). 170. Myiarchus magister magister Ridgway. ARIZONA CRESTED FLYCATCHER. Synonyms — Myiarchus coopcri; Myiarchus nie.ricanits cooperi; Myiarchus mcxicanus magister. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 41 Status — A summer visitant in portions of southern and western Arizona, reported from the vicinity of Tucson and the Santa Cruz Valley (many records), the Gila Valley about Florence and Riverside (Scott, 1887, p. 17), and, the north- ernmost record, on the Big Sandy Creek, where Stephens (ipo^p^ 102) found it breeding- in July, 1902. In southeastern Arizona, at least, its range coincides exactly with that of the giant cactus, in which it nests. 171. Myiarchns cinerascens cinerascens (Lawrence). ASH-THROATED FLYCATCHER. Synonyms — Myiarchns inc.vicanus; Myiarclins crinitiis var. cinerascens; Afyiarchus nitttingi. Status — Abundant summer visitant, mostly in the Lower Sonoran zone, in southern and western Arizona, ranging north to Forts Apache and Whipple, and up the Colorado River the entire length of the state. It is also reported from Keam Canon, in extreme northeastern Arizona, in July. Occurs as an occasional winter visitant, having been noted at Phoenix in December (specimen in Field Museum of Natural History), on the Gila River in December (Baird, 1858, p. 179), and at Fort Mohave in January (Cooper, 1870, p. 316). 172. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens Ridgway. OLIVACEOUS FLYCATCHER. Synonyms — Myiarchus laivrencei; Myiarchns lawrencei ol-racens. Status — Common summer visitant to a few mountain ranges of extreme southeastern Arizona. Most abundant in the Huachucas and Santa Ritas, but also reported from the Chiricahuas, the Whetstones, the Santa Catalinas (Scott. 1887, p. 1 8, one specimen), and, doubtfully, from Fort Grant (Bendire, 1895, P- 270). Restricted almost entirely to brushy canons of the Upper Sonoran zone. 173. Sayornis sayus (Bonaparte). SAY PHOEBE. Synonym — Tyrannula saya. Status — Exceedingly common summer visitant of the plains and valleys throughout the state. Remains through the winter in southern Arizona : San Pedro River : Santa Catalina foothills (Scott, 1887, p. 18) ; and in the valley of the Colo- rado River: Yuma (Price, 1899, p. 92). 174. Sayornis nigricans (Swainson). BLACK PHOEBE. Synonym — Sayornis nigricans semiatra. Status — Resident in southern Arizona, irregularly distributed, and nowhere very common. Though resident in the region, it is locally migratory, moving up into the hills in summer (to about 6000 feet), and down to the lower valleys dur- ing the winter months. It has been traced north to Fort Apache (Henshaw, i875b, p. 347), Fort Verde (Coale, 1894, p. 215), to a point a few miles south of Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 60), and, along the Colorado River, where it is a winter visitant only, to Fort Mohave. Breeding records appear to be all from points in Upper Sonoran, up to the lower edge of Transition. 42 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 175. . • Nuttallornis borealis (Swainson) OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER. Synonym — Contopns borealis. Status — Common in summer from the Transition zone upward, in the higher mountains north of the Mogollon Plateau ; recorded as breeding on the San Fran- cisco, White, and Mogollon mountains. During the migrations it is quite gen- erally distributed. 176. Myiochanes pertinax pallidiventns (Chapman). ,. .. COUES FLYCATCHER. Synonyms — Contopns pcrtinax ; Contopus pertinax pallidircntris; Horizo- pus pertinax pallidivcntris. Status — Common summer visitant in the Transition zone of the mountains of southeastern Arizona (Tluachuca, Santa Rita. Santa Catalina and White mountains, Mount Graham, etc.), extending northward, in diminishing numbers, to the Mogollon Mountains, where it was found breeding at Baker's Butte (Mearns, i8f)oa, p. 256); casually to Fort Whipple: i specimen, August 20, 1864 (Coues, i866a, p. 60). 177. Myiochanes richardsoni richardsoni (Swainson). WESTERN WOOD PEWEE. Synonyms — Contopus richardsoni; Contopns vircns richardsoni; Ilorizopns richardsoni; Contopus -I'diei. Status — Common in summer in Upper Sonoran and Transition throughout the state. During the migrations it is generally distributed. 178. Empidonax difficilis diffieilis Baird. WESTERN FLYCATCHER. Synonym — Empidonax flavircntris var. difficilis. Status — A fairly common summer visitant, mostly in Transition, occurring in all the higher mountain ranges. Abundant and of general distribution during the migrations. 179. Empidonax trailli trailli (Audubon). TRAILL FLYCATCHER. Synonyms — Empidonax pnsillus; Empidonax trailli var. pnsillits. Status — Probably fairly common in summer along most of the wooded streams in the lower valleys, though found actually breeding at but a few points : Tucson, Fort Whipple, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River. During the migra- tions it is abundant and generally distributed. 180. Empidonax hammondi (Xantus). HAMMOND FLYCATCHER. Status — A migrant, abundant and generally distributed throughout the state. It is not known to breed anvwherc in Arizona. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 43 181. Empidonax wrighti Haircl. WRIGHT FLYCATCHER. Synonym — Hmpidonax obscunis, part. Status — A fairly common migrant, at least in eastern Arizona^ I know of no authentic instance of the breeding of this species in the state. 182. Empidonax griseus Brewster. GRAY FLYCATCHER. Synonyms — Empidonax obscurus, part; Empidonax icrightii, part. Status — This species and the last (£. i^rightii} have been so hopelessly con- fused in years past that it is impossible to allocate the various citations with ac- curacy, but it is certain that £. griseus has been many times mentioned under the name of the allied species. Both are migrants in Arizona, and both probably oc- cur (E. griseus certainly) across the breadth of the state. Of neither form, how- ever, is there any undoubted breeding record for Arizona. E. griseus is prob- ably to be found in winter in the wanner parts of southern Arizona, and along the lower Colorado River. 183. Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus Coues. BUFF-BREASTED FLYCATCHER. Synonyms — Empidonax pygmaeus, Mitrcphorns pallescens; Mitrcphorns fnh'ifrons var. pallescens. Status — A summer visitant, nowhere very common, but found in several of the mountain ranges of southeastern Arizona. It breeds mostly at the lower edge of the Transition zone, but is very locally distributed— thus it may be fairly com- mon in one canon, and almost unknown in an adjoining one. Has been found breeding in the Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Santa Rita mountains, and mi- grating birds have been taken at Forts Apache and Bowie. The subspecies was described from a specimen secured by Coues at Fort Whipple, which would seem to be its extreme northern limit. It has so far not been found in the Mogollon Mountains, which lie south of that point, but the fact of its breeding at Inscription Rock, New Mexico — close to the Arizona boundary (Henshaw, 1874, p. 128), points to the probability of its doing so in the Mogollons. 184. Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus Sclater. VERMILION FLYCATCHER. Synonyms — Pyrocephalus rubiueus; Pyroceplialus mexicanus. Status — An abundant resident along the wooded streams of southern and western Arizona, locally migratory, but occurring in the warmer parts of the re- gion throughout the year. In a general way it may be said to be restricted to the Lower Sonoran zone in the valleys of the Colorado and Gila rivers, and their tributaries. In central Arizona it extends north to Fort Verde (Coale, 1894, p. 218) ; casually to Fort Whipple (Coues, 1865, pp. 163, 538, I specimen) ; along the Colorado River, to the Big Sandy, Bill Williams River, and Ehrenberg (Stephens, 1903, p. 102), casually to Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1870, p. 333; one seen May 24). In eastern Arizona does not range north of the Salt River. 44 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 185. Camptostoma imberbe Sclater. BEARDLESS FLYCATCHER. Synonym — Ornithion imbcrbc ridgwayi. Status — A rare summer visitant, known to occur in only a limited area in the Santa Cruz Valley, in the vicinity of Tucson. The conditions apparently re- quired by the species, dense growths of tall timber, are met with in Arizona at so very few points, at the low altitudes frequented by the species, that its known range will probably not be greatly extended in the state. 186. Otocoris alpestris leucolaema (Coues). DESERT HORNED LARK. Synonyms — ( ?) Otocoris alpestris, part; (?) Eremophila corniita, part; Eremophila alpestris var. chrysolaema, part; Otocorys arcnicola, part; Otocoris alpestris arcnicola, part; Otocoris alpestris enthymia. Status — Common winter visitant. There are numerous winter records of horned larks from the northern and central portion of Arizona, some of which are known to pertain to this subspecies, and others that probably do so. 187. Otocoris alpestris adusta Dwight. SCORCHED HORNED LARK. Synonyms — Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema, part; (?) Otocoris alpestris chrysolaema, part ; Otocoris alpestris aphrasta. Status — Common resident on the plains of extreme southeastern Arizona, from the west side of the Santa Rita Mountains (Swarth, 19053, p. 79) east to Fort Bowie (Bendire, 1895, P- 345)- North to Tucson and Oracle. Other points of record are Fort Huachuca, San Pedro River, Greaterville, Willow Spring, Sulphur Spring, and Wilcox. 1 88. Otocoris alpestris pallida Dwight. SONORA HORNED LARK. Synonyms — Otocoris alpestris arcnicola, part ; Otocoris alpestris leucansip- tila. Status — Resident on the desert plains of extreme southwestern Arizona, and probably northward in the Colorado Valley to southern Nevada (cf. Oberholser, 1902, pp. 864-866). 189. Otocoris alpestris occidentalis McCall. MONTEZUMA HORNED LARK. Synonyms — nremophila cornuta, part; Eremophila alpestris chrysoiacma. part; Otocoris alpestris adusta, part; Otocoris alpestris arenicola, pait; ( ?) Otocoris alpestris actia. Status — Breeding, and perhaps resident, in northern and central Arizona, north of the Mogollon Divide, and west to Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 79). There are breeding records from San Francisco Mountain, Fort Verde, and the Little Colorado River (Oberholser. 1902, p. 855). In the Mogollon Mountains it has been found breeding up to 10,000 feet (Mearns, i8ox)a, p. 256). Local- ities at which it has been found at other seasons are Pima County, Wilcox, San Pedro River, and Fort Huachuca. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 45 190. Pica pica hudsonia (Sabine). MAGPIE. Synonyms — Pica hudsonica; Pica cantata var. hudsonica. Status — Secured by Kennerly (1856, p. 10) on the Little Colorado River. Recorded by Henshaw (1874, p. 123) from the Rio Puerco, at a point sixty miles west of Wingate, New Mexico, and hence well within the Arizona boundary. Xot otherwise recorded from the state. iyi. Cyanocitta stelleri diademata (Bonaparte). LONG-CRESTED JAY. Synonyms — Cyanocora.v stelleri; Cyanocitta macrolopha; Cyanura macro- lopha; Cyanura stelleri var. macrolopha; Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha, Cyanocit- ta stelleri. Status — A common resident of the mountains throughout the state from the Transition zone upward. In northern Arizona it ranges west as far as the Grand Canon of the Colorado (Merriam, 1890, p. 39). and the Hualpai Mountains (Stephens, 1903, p. 102). Though resident at high altitudes it occasionally wand- ers into the lowlands, far from the mountains, as observed at Sacaton in Novem- ber, 1010, by Oilman (i9iia, p. 35). 192. Aphelocoma woodhousei (Baird). WOODHOUSE JAY. Synonyms — Cyanocora.v calif ornica; Cyanocitta calif ornica; Cyanocitta ivood- honseii; Cyanocitta floridana var. zvoodhonsei; Aphelocoma floridana var. wood- honsei. Status — Fairly common resident, mostly in Upper Sonoran, and occurring in favorable localities throughout the state. Has not been observed anywhere in southwestern Arizona, west of Sacaton, nor along the Colorado River below the Grand Canon. 193. Aphelocoma sieberi arizonae (Ridgway). ARIZONA JAY. Synonyms — Cyanocitta sordida; Cyanocitta nltramarina var. arizonae; Aphelocoma sordida arizonae. Status — An abundant resident of the live oak regions of the mountain ranges of southeastern Arizona. It has been reported from the Santa Rita, Chiricahua, Santa Catalina, Huachuca, Dragoon, Whetstone, and Rincon mountains, Mount Graham, and from a point thirty miles south of Camp Apache, apparently the northern limit of the species. 194. Perisoreus canadensis capitalis Ridgway. ROCKY MOUNTAIN JAY. Status — Reported only from the White Mountains, where it is apparently a not uncommon resident (Henshaw, i875b, p. 339; Mearns, 18903, p. 256). 46 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 195- Corvus corax sinuatus Wagler. AMERICAN RAVEN. Synonyms — Corvus corax; Corvus splcndens; Corvus cacalotl; Corvus car- nivorus; Corns corax carnivorus. Status — Apparently to be found throughout the year in nearly all parts of Arizona. It appears to breed mostly in the higher mountains, though it is a com- mon sight to see ravens in summer, probably non-breeding birds, almost anywhere in the lower valleys. 196- Corvus cryptoleucus Couch. WHITE-NECKED RAVEN. Status — Has been observed only in the extreme southeastern corner of Ari- zona, in Cochise County, and west and north to Oracle, Tucson, and the valley of the Santa Cruz River. It is restricted wholly to the Lower Sonoran zone, and is mainly a summer visitant to the region. Some remain throughout the winter in favorable localities: Wilcox, November (Bailey, 1903, p. 87) ; San Pedro River, February (Willard, IQIOC, p. no). 197. Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis Ridgway. WESTERN CROW. Synonym — Corvus americanus. Status — A very uncommon species in most parts of Arizona. I know of but four records for the state; at Fort Apache in November (Henshaw, 18753, p. 1 60) ; in the Santa Catalina Mountains and at Mineral Creek during the migra- tions (Scott, 1887, p. 21 ); breeding commonly in the Mogollon Mountains (Mearns, 18903, p. 256) ; and uncommon in the vicinity of San Francisco Moun- tain (Merriam, 1890, p. 94). 198. Nucifraga columbiana (Wilson). CLARKE NUTCRACKER. Synonym — Picicorvus colum bianus. Status — Recorded as breeding in the higher parts of San Francisco Moun- tain, where it is common (Merriam, 1890, p. 94). Adults seen feeding full- grown young in the Santa Catalina Mountains, May 21, 1904 ( F. C. Willard, MS). During the migrations and in winter, it has been noted it irregular inter- vals at scattered points : Fort Whipple, White Mountains, Huachuca Moun- tains, etc., and even from the desert region at Sacaton, on -one occasion, October 17, 1910 (Gilman, 19113, p. 35). 199. Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus (Wied). PINON JAY. Synonym — Gymnokitta cyanocephala. Status — A resident about Fort Whipple, according to Coues (i866a, p. 91). It has also been reported as breeding in the pinon belt of San Francisco Moun- tain (Merriam, 1890, p. 94), and in the vicinity of Williams (Wetmore, 1908, p. 380). It is an erratic visitant to other parts of Arizona (Huachuca Moun- tains, Santa Catalina Mountains, Gila River, Keam Canon, etc.). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 47 200. Molothrus ater obscurus (Gmelin). DWARF COWBIRD. Synonyms — Molothrus pecoris; Molothrus pecoris var. obsctirus ; Molothrus obscurus; Molothrus ater. Status — Found in the greatest abundance in the valleys of the Colorado and Gila rivers, and their tributaries, and up into the foothills of the adjacent moun- tains. Most abundant as a summer visitant, and reported from many localities, north to the Mogollon Mountains (Mearns, iScjoa, p. 257), Fort Whipple (Cones, i866a, p. 90), and Fort Mohave (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Remains through- out the winter on the lower Colorado River. The only winter record I know of outside of the Colorado Valley is of a single specimen taken by Bendire ( 1895, p. 44) on Rillito Creek, near Tucson, January 24, 1873. 201. Tangavius aeneus aeneus (Wagler). BRONZED COWBIRD. Synonym — Tangavius aeneus inrolucratus. Status — An occasional summer visitant in the hot valleys of extreme south- ern Arizona. Seen in the vicinity of Tucson during the summer of 1909, from April to September (Visher, 1909, p. 307; 1910, p. 210) ; and at Sacaton, also in the summer of 1909 (Oilman, 1910, p. 46). 202. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte). YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD. Synonyms — Agelaius .ranthoccphalus; Xanthocephalus icterocephalus; Xan- thocep/ialus longipes. • Status — Reported as breeding in the Mogollon Mountains (Mearns, iSo/oa, p. 257) and at Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 91). It 'winters commonly south of the Gila River (Tucson, Fort Huachuca, etc.), and along the Colorado River from Fort Mohave southward. 203. Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis Ridgway. SONORA RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD. Synonyms — Agelaius gubernator, part; Agelaius phoeniceus, part; Agelaius pliocniceus longirostris. Status — A common resident in the valley of the Colorado River, at least. Its manner of occurrence in other parts of Arizona has yet to be determined. 204. Agelaius phoeniceus fortis Ridgway. NORTHERN RED- WINGED BLACKBIRD. Status — According to Ridgway (1902, p. 339) this subspecies occurs dur- ing the migrations as far south as "Arizona (Fort Verde, December, February: Big Chino Valley, March)." 205. Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis Ridgway. SAN DIEGO RED- WINGED BLACKBIRD. Synonyms — ( ?) Agelaius phoeniceus, part; (?) Agelaius gubernator, part; Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis, part. 48 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 Status — The status of the red-winged blackbirds of Arizona is as yet unset- tled. The type of A. p. sonoricnsis came from Fort Grant, in southeastern Ari- zona,* but breeding- birds examined from the San Pedro River, in the same gen- eral region, are A. p. neutralis. It may be that one form (sonoriensis) breeds along the Colorado River and the lower Gila, these river valleys being the only portion of the Lower Sonoran zone which is adapted to the species ; and that the other (neutralis} occupies the higher Upper Sonoran zone in northern and east- ern Arizona. At any rate some form of the red-winged blackbird breeds in suit- able localities throughout the state. Along the Colorado River, and in the val- leys of southern Arizona, they are to be found the year through ; in the winter months the several varieties possibly occur together in the same places. 206. Sturnella niagna hoopesi Stone. TKXAS MEADOWLARK. Synonym — Sturnella magiia inc.vicana. Status — Known to occur along the United States-Mexican boundary line, at least in eastern Arizona, specimens having been taken at Camp Crittenden, Fort Huachuca and Calabasas ; also reported from the vicinity of Williams, in the northern part of the state (Wetmore, 1908, p. 381). 207. Sturnella neglecta Audubon. WESTERN MEADOWLARK. Synonym — Sturnella magna neglecta. Status — Resident throughout the state, but irregularly and locally "dis- tributed, and, for the most part, not very common. In the Mogollon Mountains, ranges up to 10,000 feet (Mearns, i8goa, p. 257). In southern Arizona occurs in the Lower Sonoran valleys only. 208. Icterus parisorum Bonaparte. SCOTT ORIOLE. Status — An abundant migrant and fairly common summer visitant in parts of southeastern and central Arizona. It is distinctly a bird of the Upper Sonoran zone, known to breed in southern Arizona, in the foothill regions of the Hua- chuca, Santa Rita, Santa Catalina, Rincon, Quijotoa and Whetstone mountains : doubtless it is to be found in other ranges in the same general region which have not been reported upon. Has also been found in summer at Oracle (Rhoads, 1892, p. 120) and at Beale Spring in western Arizona (Stephens, 1903, p. 102). Has not been found in southwestern Arizona, nor at any point along the Colorado River, except for one bird doubtfully identified at Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1870, p. 276). * According to the A. O. V. Check-List, 1910 ed., p. 233. Ridsrway (Birds North and Middle America, n, 1902, p. 337) fives it as Mazatlan. western Mexico. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 49 209. Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ridgway. ARIZONA HOODED ORIOLE;. Synonym — Icterus cucullatus. Status — Common summer visitant of the Lower Sonoran zone in southern Arizona, ranging north to Fort Grant in the east (Coues, 1868, p. 84), and to the Big Sandy and Bill Williams River, in the western parts of the state (Stephens, 1903, p. 103). Found breeding near Pilot Knob, on the California side of the Colorado River (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 210. Icterus bullocki (Swainson). BULLOCK ORIOLE. Status — Summer visitant, found in suitable localities throughout the state. In southern Arizona its range overlaps that of /. c. nelsoni, but it is much less abundant than that species. Points of record are all in the Upper and Lower Sonoran zones ; it has not been found in the high central plateau region. Breeds commonly along the Colorado River, at least as far up as The Needles (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 211. Euphagus cyanocephalus (Wagler). BREWER BLACKBIRD. Synonyms — Scolecophagns ferruginens; Scolecophagns cyanocephalus. Status — An abundant migrant and winter visitant throughout southern Arizona. There are but few definite breeding records for any part of the state. It is known to breed commonly in the Mogollon and San Francisco mountains .(Mearns, 18903, p. 257), and Coues (i866a, p. 90) speaks of it as a summer resident at Fort Whipple. Otherwise it has been observed in all parts of Ari- zona as a transient or as a winter visitant. 212. Hesperiphona vespertina montana Ridgway. WESTERN EVENING GROSBEAK. Synonyms — Hesperiphona vespertina; . Coccothraustes vespertina; Cocco- thranstcs vespertina montana. Status — Breeds in the high mountains of central Arizona : San Francisco Mountain (Merriam, 1890, p. 95), White Mountains (Swinburne, i888a, p. 113), Mogollon Mountains (Mearns, 18903, p. 246) ; occasionally in some of the ranges farther south; Santa Catalina and Huachuca mountains (Willard, 19103, p. 60). During the migrations and in winter it is reported from various scat- tered localities : Huachuca Mountains, Santa Catalina Mountains, Fort Verde, and Fort Apache. 213. Carpodacus purpureus calif ornicus Baird. CALIFORNIA PURPLE FINCH. Status — The only Arizona record is that of Scott (1887, p. 196), who found the species abundant in the Santa Catalina Mountains from November, 1885, to February, 1886. 50 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 214. Carpodacus cassini Baird. CASSIN PURPLE FINCH. Synonyms — Carpodacus pnrpiircus ; Carpodacus pileatus. Status — Reported as a resident in the pine belt of the Mogollon Mountains (Mearns, 18903. p. 258). During the migrations and in winter it is quite gen- erally distributed : Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 80); Pueblo Creek and Aztec Mountains, January (Kennedy, 1859, p. 27) ; Bill Williams Mountain, March (Wetmore, 1908, p. 381). In southern Arizona as a winter visitant only, seldom descending into the low valleys, but common in the higher mountains : Santa Catalina Mountains and Tucson (Scott, 1887, p. 197) ; Dragoon Moun- tains (Osgood, 1903, p. 131-) ; Huachuca Mountains (Swarth, 1908, p. 113). 215. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Say). HOUSE FINCH. Synonyms — Fringilla frontalis; Carpodacus fauiiliaris ; Carpodacus calif or- nicits; Carpodacus cassini, part: Carpodacus jnc.vicanus obscunts; Carpodacus frontalis. Status — Fairly common resident throughout the state, though locally mi- gratory. Breeds below Transition ; restricted to the warmer valleys in winter. Occurs nowhere in Arizona in such large numbers as are seen on the Pacific coast of California. 216. Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Ridgway. MEXICAN CROSSBILL. Synonyms — Curvirostra amcricana; Lo.via curvirostra var. aincricana; Loxia curvirostra me.ricana. Status — Breeds from the Transition zone upwards in the mountains of the high plateau region: Williams, breeding (Wetmore, 1908, p. 382): Mogollon Mountains (Mearns, 18903, p. 258) ; possibly in some of the more southern ranges also. Noted at various scattered points (usually at high altitudes) during the migrations, and in the winter : San Francisco Mountain, Grand Canon, Mount Graham, Huachuca, Santa Catalina and Chiricahua mountains. 217. Passer domesticus (Linnaeus). ENGLISH SPARROW. Status — Common at the present time in most of the larger towns and along the railroads. The species reached Tucson in 1903, and Tombstone in 1904 (Howard, 1906, p. 67). Also recorded from Benson. Flagstaff, Williams. Phoe- nix and Mellen. 218. Astragalinus tristis pallidus (Mearns). PALE GOLDFINCH. Synonyms — Chr\sotnitris tristis; Spinus tristis; Spin us tristis pallidus. Status — From the paucity of records this is evidently a rare species in Arizona. Henshaw ( 18753, p. 158) cities Bendire as having observed it at Tuc- son ; Scott ( 1887, p. 197) secured six specimens in the Santa Catalina Moun- tains in December, 1885, and February, 1886; and Mearns (18903. p. 244) found it, appsrently abundant, at Fort Verde in winter and spring. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 51 219. Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus Oberholser. GREEN-BACKED GOLDFINCH. Synonyms — Chrysomitris psaltria; Chrysomitris mexicana; Chrysomitris mexicanus var. arisonae ; Chrysomitris psaltria var. arisonae ; Astragalinus psaltria arizonae; Astragalinns psaltria; Spinus psaltria; Spinus~ psaltria ari- zonae. Status — Occurs below Transition throughout the state. In northern Ari- zona it is a summer visitant only, as is the case in the mountain ranges of the south as well. In the lower valleys of southern Arizona it occurs irregularly throughout the year. Noted as a common resident, and found breeding, along the Colorado River, between Needles and Yuma (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 220. Astragalinus lawrencei (Cassin). LAWRENCE GOLDFINCH. Synonyms— Chrysomitris lawrencei; Spinns lawrencei. Status — Winter visitant, probably regularly, though in small numbers, to the Colorado Valley; of rare and irregular occurrence elsewhere. Cones (i866a, p. 83) noted it at Fort Whipple, and Cooper (1870, p. 171) at Fort Mohave during the winter months. Its observation on the Colorado River at Riverside Mountain. March 17, 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.), although on the California side of the stream, is con- firmatory of its probably regular occurrence in this region in winter. Scott (1887, p. 199) recorded a specimen taken by Herbert Brown at Tucson, Febru- ary 28, 1886, and Price (1899, p. 92) reported it from the vicinity of Yuma in December. These are the only records. 221. Spinus pinus (Wilson). PINE SISKIN. Synonym — Chrysomitris pinits. Status — Common resident in the high mountains of the plateau region : San Francisco Mountain, breeding (Merriam, 1890, p. 95) ; Mogollon Mountains, resident (Mearns, iSo/Da. p. 258) ; breeding at least as far south as Mount Gra- ham (Henshaw, i875a, p. 158). Common in winter in the higher ranges of southern Arizona : Chiricahua, Santa Catalina and Huachuca mountains ; and of occasional occurrence in the valleys during the migrations : San Pedro River, April ( Swarth, 1904^, p. 37). 222. Calcarius ornatus (Townsend). CHESTNUT-COLLARED LONGSPUR. Synonyms — Plcctrophanes mclanonins; Plcctrophancs ornatus. Status — Abundant migrant, and, less commonly, a winter visitant in extreme eastern Arizona, reported from St, Johns, Fort Grant, Fort Huachuca, Fort Bowie, Sulphur Spring Valley, etc. ; occasionally straggling farther westward : Santa Catalina Mountains, November 11,. 1885; Fort Whipple, i specimen, Oc- tober 17, 1864: Sacaton, October 25. 1909. 52 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 223. Rhynchophanes mccowni (Lawrence). McCOYVN LONGSFUR. Synonym — Plectrophanes maccoivnii. Status — Occurs in the same manner as Calcarius ornatus, and over practi- cally the same territory in eastern Arizona. It is more irregular in its appear- ance and usually not as abundant as the Chestnut-collared Longspun Reported from Fort Bowie, Fort Apache, St. Johns, Sulphur Spring Valley, Fort Huachuca, and Fort Lowell. 224. Pooecetes gramineus confinis Baird. WESTERN VESPER SPARROW. Synonyms — Zonotrichia graimnea; Pooecetes gramineus. Status — The only breeding records are from the Mogollon and San Francisco mountains (Mearns, iSgoa, p. 259), and Fort Whipple (Cones, i866a, p. 84). It is exceedingly abundant in winter and during the migrations, throughout southern Arizona and along the valley of the Colorado River. 225. Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus Bonaparte. WESTERN SAVANNAH SPARROW. Synonyms — Passerculus savanna; Passerculus alaudinus, part; Ammo- dramns sandwichensis alaudinus. Status — A migrant and winter visitant in the valleys of southern Arizona and along the Colorado River. There are but few records of the occurrence of the species, and it does not appear to have been found anywhere in abundance. 226. Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis Grinnell. NEVADA SAVANNAH SPARROW. Synonym — Passerculus alaudinus, part. Status — The record by Coues (i866a, p. 84) of the occurrence of a Savannah sparrow as a common summer visitant at Fort Whipple probably pertains to this subspecies. Three specimens taken on the Colorado River, two near the mouth of Bill Williams River, March 13, and one five miles north of Laguna, April 22, 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 227. Passerculus rostratus rostratus (Cassin). LARGE-BILLED SPARROW. Status — "Casual in Arizona" (A. O. U. Check-List, 1910, p. 255). This record was based on a specimen taken August 15, 1902, at Yuma, by Herbert Brown, and sent to the Biological Survey for identification, according to in- formation received by me from Mr. W. W. Cooke. 228. Ammodramus bairdi (Audubon). BAIRD SPARROW. Synonyms — Centronix bairdi; Passerculus bairdi; Coturniculus bairdi. Status — Common migrant on the open grassy plains of the extreme south- eastern corner of the state, reported from Camp Grant, Camp Crittenden, and the vicinity of the Huachuca Mountains. A few probably remain through the winter in favorable localities. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 53 229. Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus Swainson. WESTERN GRASSHOPPER SPARROW. Synonyms — Ammodramus passcrinus; Coturniculus passerinus ; Coturni- culiis passcrinus var. perpallidns; Ammodramus savannarum perj>allidus; Am- nwdromus savannarum; Coturniculus savannarum bimaculatus. Status — Reported only from western and southern Arizona. Probably breeds in parts of southern Arizona, at least, as Henshaw ( i875b, p. 257) se- cured very young birds in the Sonoita Valley, at the southeastern base of the Santa Rita Mountains ; while there is a specimen recorded as taken at Los Nogales in June (Baird, 1859, p. 15). It has been taken at Bill Williams River in February (Kennerly, 1859, p. 28), and in the Santa Catalina Mountains in January (Scott, 1887, p. 199). 230. Chondestes grammacus strigatus Swainson. WESTERN LARK SPARROW. Synonym — Chondestes grammaca. Status— -Common summer visitant in suitable localities throughout Arizona. Breeding records are from points in Lower and Upper Sonoran, up to the lower edge of Transition; Santa Catalina Mountains up to 5000 feet (Scott, 1887, P- 199) ; Mogollon and San Francisco mountains, summer resident (Mearns, 18903, p. 259); Huachuca Mountains, summer visitant (Swarth, icjc^b, p. 39); etc. Locally migratory ; during the winter months restricted mainly to the warmer valleys of the southern and western parts of the state: San Pedro River, Febru- ary (Willard, I9ioc, p. no) ; Tucson, resident (Scott, 1. c.) ; Yuma, December (Price, 1899, p. 92). 231. Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys (Forster). WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW. Status — A common migrant throughout Arizona, usually in company with Zonotrichia I. gambeli. Possibly a few remain through the winter in parts of southern Arizona, though there is no authentic instance on record. Mearns ( 18903, p. 259) found the species at the base of San Francisco Mountain in June, "apparently breeding". It has not otherwise been found in the summer. Noted as a transient in the Colorado Valley between Needles and Yuma (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 232. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli (Nuttall). INTERMEDIATE SPARROW. Synonyms — Zonotrichia leucophrys, part ; Zonotrichia gambelii; Zonotrichia leucophrys intermedia; Zonotrichia intermedia. Status — Abundant migrant throughout the state. Winter records are all from points south and west of the Mogollon Divide; Colorado River Valley from Fort Mohave southward, Fort Whipple, San Pedro River, etc., where it is com- mon during the winter months. 54 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 233. Spizella monticola ochracea Brewster. WESTERN TREE SPARROW. Synonyms — Spizella canadensis; Spizella monticola. Status — Kennerly (1859, p. 29) found this species in December on the Little Colorado River, while Henshaw (18753, p. 159) reported it, on the authority of Bendire, as of occasional occurrence in winter in the vicinity of Tucson. These are the only records for the state. 234. Spizella passerina arizonae Coues. WESTERN CHIPPING SPARROW. Synonyms — Spizella socialis; Spizella socialis arizonae. Status — Common summer visitant in parts of central Arizona. Found breeding at Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 87), and on the Mogollon and San Francisco mountains (Mearns, iScpa, p. 259). In southern Arizona it is a very abundant migrant, and in the warmer valleys a winter visitant also. Ob- served in some numbers along the Colorado River, from The Needles southward in February, March, and April; seen at Potholes, May i. under conditions pos- sibly indicative of breeding (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Two specimens taken by Cooper at Fort Mohave, December 24, 1860 (in Mus. Vert. Zool.). 235. • Spizella pallida (Swainson). CLAY-COLORED SPARROW. Synonym — Spizella pnsio. Status — Henshaw (187513, p. 278) secured specimens at Camp Crittenden in September; and Scott (1887. p. 200) met with the species at Mineral Creek in March, October, and November. These seem to be the only Arizona records. It is highly probable that Cooper's ( 1861, p. 122) reference to Spizella pallida as common in April in the vicinity of Fort Mohave. really pertains to S. brcwcri. 236. Spizella breweri Cassin. BREWER SPARROW. Synonyms — Spizella pallida, part; Spizella pallida var. brcwcri. Status — Reported as breeding at Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 87). and in the Huachuca Mountains (Willard, igoSb. p. 206), and as probably breeding on the Desert of the Little Colorado (Merriam, 1890, p. 96). Tn the northern and central parts of the state it is a summer visitant only, but in the lowlands of southern Arizona it remains in numbers throughout the winter, as is also the case along the Colorado River from The Needles southward (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 237. Spizella atrognlaris (Cabanis). BLACK-CHINKED SPARROW. Synonym — Spizella evnra. Status — -There are but few records of the occurrence of this species in Ari- zona. Found at Fort Whipple as a rare summer visitant but common migrant (Coues, i866a, p. 87) ; specimens secured at Mineral Creek in October, and in the Santa Catalina Mountains in February (Scott. 1887. p. 200) ; found breeding in the Hualpai Mountains at 6000 feet (Stephens, 1903, p. 103) ; and noted on one occasion in the Huachuca Mountains in April (Swarth, 1904^ p. 40). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 55 238. Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linnaeus). SLATE-COLORED JUNCO. Status — Has been reported in winter from many scattered points : Fort Whipple. Fort Mohave, Santa Catalina Mountains, Huachuca JYIountains, Wil- liams, etc. Never at all common, but usually found in flocks composed of the various species of juncos wintering in the region. 239. Junoo montanus Ridgway. MONTANA JUNCO. Synonym — Junco hyemalis montanus. Status — "In winter south to Arizona (Tucson)'' (Ridgway, 1901, p. 290). I know of no other record. 240. Junco oreganus thurberi Anthony. SIERRA JUNCO. Synonyms — Junco oregonus, part; Jnnco hyemalis thurberi. Status — As this species has been found in abundance in winter in the Huachua Mountains, of extreme southeastern Arizona (Swarth, 19040, p. 40) it will doubtless prove to be a common winter visitant in all suitable places west of that point. There is record of a specimen from Fort Whipple (Ridgway, 1901, p. 288). There is a specimen in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (no. 4143) taken by J. G. Cooper at Fort Mohave. December 24, 1860. 241. Junco oreganus shufeldti Coale. SHUFELDT JUNCO. Synonyms — Strnthns oregonns; Junco oregonns, part; Jnnco hycmalis ore- gonns; Jnnco conncctcns ; Jnnco hycmalis conncctens. Status — A common winter visitant reported from all parts of Arizona, but generally favoring the mountains and the foothill regions, rather than the more open valleys. Nearly all of the numerous records of Jnnco oregonus in Arizona are considered by Ridgway (igoi, p. 285) to pertain to this subspecies. 242. Junco mearnsi Ridgway. PINK-SIDED JUNCO. Synonyms — Jnnco annectcns; Jnnco ridgivayi, part: Jnnco hycmalis mearnsi. Status — A common winter visitant in northern and eastern Arizona, re- ported from the following localities : Fort Whipple. Prescott, Williams, Santa Catalina Mountains, Huachuca Mountains, and Sulphur Spring Valley. 243. Junco caniceps (Woodhouse). GRAY-HEADED JUNCO. Synonyms — Strnthns caniceps, part: Jnnco cincrcns caniceps: Junco ridg- Ti'tfy/. part : Jnnco phaconotns caniceps. Status — A common winter visitant in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones at least as far north as Fort Whipple. Reported from numerous locali- ties : Fort Whipple, Williams, and the Chiricahua, Santa Catalina, Huachuca, Dragoon and Whetstone mountains. 56 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 244- Junco phaeonotus palliatus Riclgway. ARIZONA JUNCO. Synonyms — Junco cincrcus; Junco cinereus palliatus. Status — Common resident of the Transition zone of eastern Arizona, from Mount Graham southward. Reported from the Graham, Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, Chiricahua, Final, Huachuca. and Whetstone mountains. It is strictly a resident in the higher mountains, there being apparently not even a local migra- tion downward into the valleys during the winter months. 245. Junco phaeonotus dorsalis Henry. RED-BACKED JUNCO. Synonyms — Stntthus caniccps, part; Junco cinereus dorsalis; Jnnco dorsalis. Status — Resident in the high mountains of northeastern Arizona, reported from San Francisco Mountain, Grand Canon of the Colorado, White Mountains, and Mogollon Mountains. 246. Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Ridgway. DESERT SPARROW. Synonyms — Poospiza bilineata; Amphispiza bilineata. Status — Common summer resident in the arid Lower Sonoran plains, of southern and western Arizona, north to Forts Verde, Whipple, and Mohave ; also reported in summer from the Desert of the Little Colorado and Keam Canon, in northeastern Arizona. Remains through the winter in some of the warmer southern valleys. 247. Amphispiza nevadensis nevadensis (Ridgway). SAGE SPARROW. Synonyms — Poospiza belli; Poospiza belli, var. nevadensis; Amphispiza belli ncz-adensis; Amphispiza belli cincrea. Status — A fairly common winter visitant, reported from various parts of the state: Little Colorado River, December (Kennedy, 1859, p. 29) ; Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 86) ; San Pedro River and Tucson, December (Scott, 1887, p. 203) ; Fort Huachuca, winter (Fisher, 1904, p. 80). Price's (1899, p. 93) record of Amphispiza belli cinerea? at Yuma in midwinter also probably pertains to this species. As young in the spotted plumage were taken at Flagstaff, on the Desert of the Little Colorado, and at the Grand Canon of the Colorado (Merriam, 1890, p. 96), the species may breed in this general region. 248. Peucaea botterii (Sclater). BOTTERI SPARROW. Synonyms — Peucaea cassinii, part ; Peucaea aestivalis var. arizonae ; Peucaea arizonae. Status — Found only in the Lower Sonoran valleys of southeastern Arizona ; reported north to Camp Grant (Henshaw, 1874, p. 118), west to the valley of the Santa. Cruz River (Stephens, 1885, p. 226). Possibly resident, but all the records thus far published are of observations made during the summer months. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 57 249. Peucaea cassini (Woodhouse). CASSTN SPARROW. Synonym — Zonotrichia cassini. Status — Locally abundant during- the summer in the Lower_So_noran valleys of southeastern Arizona, recorded from over practically the fame area as that occupied by Pcncaca botterii. Ranges north to Fort Grant (Henshaw, i875b, p. 285), west as far as the Santa Cruz Valley (Stephens, 1885, p. 226). I know of no instance of its having been found actually breeding, though taken throughout the summer, nor do I know of any midwinter record. 250. Aimophila carpalis (Coues). RUFOUS-WINGED SPARROW. Synonym — Peucaea carpalis. Status — Found only in southeastern Arizona, where it has been reported from Tucson, Fort Lowell, the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains (up to 4500 feet), and the Santa Cruz Valley. Probably resident, as specimens have been taken in January as well as in midsummer. 251. Aimophila ruficeps scotti (Sennett). SCOTT SPARROW. Synonyms — Peucaea ruficeps boucardi; Peucaea homochlamys ; Peucaea ruficeps scotti. Status — Common resident of the Upper Sonoran foothills of southeastern Arizona. Occurs in all the ranges south of Camp Apache (Henshaw, i875b, p. 289), and west of the Santa Cruz River: Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, Chiricahua, Huachuca mountains, etc. Has also been found in the Grand Canon of the Colo- rado, below 4000 feet, and on the Desert of the Little Colorado (Merriam, 1890, pp. 40, 97), in extreme northern Arizona. 252. Melospiza melodia saltonis Grinnell. DESERT SONG SPARROW. Synonyms — Zonotrichia falla.v; Melospiza falla.v; Melospiza melodia; Melo- spiza fasciata falla.v; Melospiza cinerea falla.v ; Melospiza melodia falla.v. Status — Common resident of the Lower Sonoran river valleys. Occurs along the Colorado River for nearly its entire extent in the state, being reported from below Yuma and as far up the river as Moencopie in northeastern Arizona (Merriam, 1890, p. 97). Occurs in suitable localities (which are not numerous) in southern Arizona, along the valley of the Gila River and its tributaries (Santa Cruz River, San Pedro River, etc.). I know of no song sparrow records from the high plateau region of central Arizona. 253. Melospiza melodia fallax (Baird). MOUNTAIN SONG SPARROW. Synonyms — Melospiza melodia var. heermanni; Melospiza fasciata montana; Melospiza melodia montana. 58 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 Status — A fairly common winter visitant or transient. Specimens have been taken as follows: San Pedro River and Tucson, winter (Scott. 1887, p. 204) ; Sulphur Spring Valley, March (Osgood, 1903, p. 149) ; San Francisco Mountain. August (Merriam, 1890, p. 97) ; and Colorado River at Needles, mouth of Bill Williams River, and Riverside Mountain, February and March, 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.). Probably a migrant in northern Arizona, and a winter visitant along the lower Colorado River, and in the southern valleys. 254. Melospiza melodia merrilli Brewster. MKRRILL SONG SPARROW. Status — Recorded from Apache. Arizona, in winter (Ridgway, 1901, p. 361). 255. Melospiza lincolni lincolni ( Audubon). LINCOLN SPARROW. Synonym — Peucaea lincolni. Status — Of fairly common occurrence as a migrant in suitable places ; gener- ally distributed and reported from many scattered localities. Probably remains in the valley of the lower Colorado River throughout the winter, though there is no definite data establishing this as a fact. Possibly a winter visitant in other parts of southern Arizona also. Found on the Bill Williams River in February (Kennedy, 1859, p. 29). 256. Passerella iliaca schistacea Baird. SLATE-COLORED Fox SPARROW. Synonym — Passerella touwscndi schistacea. Status — A rare migrant and winter visitant. There are published records of but four specimens from Arizona : one from a point forty miles south of Cam]) Apache, September i, 1873 (Henshaw. i875b. p. 293) ; one from Tucson, Febru- ary, 1880 (Brewster, 1882, p. 197); one from San Francisco Mountain, Sep- tember 29, 1889 (Merriam, 1890, p. 97) : and one from the Huachuca Mountains. November 20, 1894 (Fisher, 1904. p. 81). 257. Pipilo maculatus montanus Swartb. MOUNTAIN TOWHEK. Synonyms — Pipilo arctica: Pipilo erythrophthahrttifj Pipiln oregonns; Pipilo inegalony.v; Pipilo rnaculatns megalon\.\-. Status —Common resident of the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in northern and eastern Arizona. Its westernmost limits might be indicated by a line drawn from the Santa Rita and Santa Catalina mountains in the southeast, to the Hualpai Mountains in the northwest. Apparently strictly resident where found, there being no migratory movement into the lowlands in winter. There are no records from the vallev of the lower Colorado River. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 59 258. Pipilo maculatus curtatus Grinnell. NEVADA Tow HEX .Status — Rather uncommon winter visitant along- the lower Colorado River; specimens taken between Needles and Ehrenberg, in February and -March, 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.), and one at Fort Yuma January 23, 1913 (collection of A. B. Howell). The capture of these specimens constitutes the only records I know of regarding the occurrence of any form of Pipilo maculatus in the lower Colorado Valley (see Grinnell, 1911, p. 309). 259. Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus Baird. CANON TowiiEE. Synonym — Pipilo mesoleucus. Status — Common resident in the Upper Sonoran zone, and in Lower Sonoran also in parts of southern Arizona. All of the published records are from points south and east of the Mogollon divide ; but the species is absent from the exceed- ingly arid southwestern corner of Arizona, and thus seems to occupy a belt ex- tending across the state from Fort Mohave in the northwest (Fisher, i893b, p. 105), south to the extreme southeastern corner. Coues' ( i866c, p. 262) record of the occurrence of the species on the lower Colorado River lacks confirmation. Zonally it occupies an intermediate region between Pipilo m. uwntanns and P. aberti, at places ascending or descending slightly into the habitats of those species. In no one spot, however, are all three to be found. 260. Pipilo aberti Baird. ABERT TOWHEE. Status — Common resident of the valley of the Colorado River, and its tribu- taries in western and southern Arizona. Abundant in the Lower Sonoran river valleys of the south (Gila, Santa Cruz, San Pedro, etc.) extending as far north as Fort Grant (Coues, 1868, p. 84) and Fort Whipple (Coale, 1894, p. 218). Along the Colorado it has been found to the extreme northwestern corner of the state: confluence of the Beaverdam and Virgin rivers (Fisher, 1893^ p. 105), but no farther to the eastward. 261. Oreospiza chlorura (Audubon). GREEN-TAILED TOWHEE. Synonyms — Fringilla blandingiana; Zonotrichia blandingiana; Pipilo chlor- ura; Atlapctcs chlorurus. Status — A common migrant, occurring indifferently on Boreal mountain tops or on the arid, semi-desert plains. Reported in winter from the Colorado Valley (Cooper, 1870, p. 248), and as an occasional winter visitant in the Santa Catalina Mountains in extreme southern Arizona (Scott, 1887, p. 204). Speci- mens in the collection of F. S. Daggett taken at Fort Lowell in October, No- vember, December and January. 60 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 262. Cardinalis cardinalis superbus Ridgway. ARIZONA CARDINAL. Synonyms — Cardinalis Virginian us; Cardinalis igneits; Cardinalis virginianus igncus; Cardinalis superbus. Status — Fairly abundant in the valleys of extreme southeastern Arizona, where it is probably resident throughout the year. One specimen in the collec- tion of F. S. Daggett, no. 6475, male, Tucson, January 10, 1908. There is record of one from the "Colorado River, Arizona", November 30, 1871 (Ridgway, i88sc, p. 344). Aside from this it is reported only from localities in the valleys of the Santa Cruz and San Pedro rivers. 263. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata (Bonaparte). ARIZONA PYRRHULOXIA. Synonym — Pyrrhuloxia sinuata beckhami. Status — Resident in the Lower Sonoran valleys of southern Arizona. Com- mon in the vicinity of Tucson; also reported from Fort Grant, Yuma, Quijotoa, and the San Pedro and Santa Cruz rivers. 264. Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linnaeus). ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. Status — Only one record, that of an adult male taken by R. D. Lusk in the Huachuca Mountains, June 29, 1894 (Swarth, 1904^ p. 44). The specimen is now in the Swarth collection. 265. Zamelodia melanocephala melanocephala (Swainson). BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK. Synonyms — Guiraca melanocephala; Goniaphea melanocephala; Hedy- meles melanocephalus; Habia melanocephala. Status — Breeds commonly in the Transition zone of the higher mountains throughout the state ; and during the migrations it is of general occurrence else- where as well. There is no authenticated instance of its occurrence through the winter months. 266. Guiraca caerulea lazula (Lesson). WESTERN BLUE GROSBEAK. Synonyms — Guiraca caerulea; Goniaphea coerulea; Guiraca caerulea eurhyncha. Status — Restricted almost entirely to the hot Lower Sonoran river valleys. A common summer visitant along the San Pedro and Santa Cruz rivers, and about Tucson. The various records from the Colorado River are none of them of birds actually found breeding, though there can be little doubt but that they do so: Fort Mohave, May; Yuma, May; confluence of Beaverdam and Virgin rivers, May; Big Sandy River, July. In central Arizona it extends north to Fort Apache and Fort Grant (Henshaw, i875b, p. 298) and to Fort Whipple (Coues, r866a, p. 88). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 61 267. Passerina amoena (Say). LAZULI BUNTING. Synonyms — Spiza amoena; Cyanospiza amoena. Status — Of abundant occurrence as a migrant, and quite generally distribut- ed, though I know of no records of its occurrence in northeastern Arizona. Prob- ably breeds, though definite data is lacking. Coues ( i866a, p. 89) reports it as an uncommon summer visitant at Fort Whipple, and Scott (1887, p. 205) states that it has been found breeding near Tucson. In neither case is more detailed in- formation given. 268. Passerina versicolor pulchra Ridgway. BEAUTIFUL BUNTING. Synonym — Passerina versicolor. Status — An adult female taken by F. Stephens at Crittenden, near the Santa Rita Mountains, July 14, 1884 (Brewster, i885b, p. 198). Not otherwise known to occur in Arizona. 269. Passerina ciris (Linnaeus). PAINTED BUNTING. Synonym — Cyanospiza ciris. Status — Of occasional occurrence in extreme southeastern Arizona in late summer and during the fall migration. Henshaw (i875b, p. 301) reported it as present in considerable numbers at Fort Bowie and Fort Crittenden in August and September, 1874. One specimen taken in the Huachuca Mountains, July 12, 1902 (Swarth, lo/Mb, p. 46). There are three specimens in the Museum of Ver- tebrate Zoology taken at Fort Huachuca on August 29 and September 12 and 13, 1884, respectively. 270. Spiza americana (Gmelin). % DICKCISSEL. Synonym — Euspiza americana. Status — Only known to occur in Arizona as observed by Henshaw (1875^ p. 295), who found it in small numbers and secured specimens on the San Pedro River, at Fort Crittenden and at Fort Lowell, in August and September, 1873 and 1874; and from a specimen taken by Brown at Tucson, September n, 1884 (Scott, 1887, p. 205). 271. Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger. LARK BUNTING. Synonym — Calamospiza bicolor. Status — An abundant migrant and winter visitant on the plains of southern and western Arizona. There are numerous recorded instances of its occurrence at points in the south — Tombstone, San Pedro Valley, Tucson, etc., north to Fort Grant ; and it also occurs in lesser numbers along the Colorado River, but appar- ently not in the extreme southwestern corner, the vicinity of Yuma. Not report- ed south of Cibola, on the Colorado River (Mus. Vert. Zool.), nor west of Agua Caliente, on the Gila River (Swarth, MS). Neither do I know of any instance of its occurrence in northern Arizona — north of the Mogollon Divide — though it should occur in that region as a migrant. 62 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 272. Piranga ludoviciana (Wilson). WESTERN TAX ACER. Synonym — Pyranga ludoviciana. Status — Summer visitant in the Transition zone and upward, of common oc- currence in the north: San Francisco Mountain (Merriam, 1890, p. 40) ; Mogol- lon Mountains (Mearns, 18903, p. 260). In diminishing numbers to the south- ward, as far as the Santa Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1888, p. 29), and Huachuca Mountains (Swarth, 1904!), p. 47). These latter points, where it is of rare oc- currence in the summer, probably indicate the extreme southern limits of the breeding range of the species. Common and generally distributed during the migrations. 273. Piranga hepatica Swainson. HEPATIC TANAGER. Synonyms — Pyranga azarac ; Pyranga hepatica, part. Status — Common summer visitant in the Transition zone throughout the state. Reported in summer from San Francisco Mountain, the Mogoilon, Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, Huachuca, Chiricahua, and White mountains, and at Fort Whipple ; and as a migrant from various intervening points. A single specimen was taken in the Hualpai Mountains, July 8, 1902 (Stephens, 1903, p. 104), and one was seen at the confluence of the Beaverdam and Virgin rivers, in extreme northwestern Arizona, May 9, 1891 (Fisher, 1893^ p. 109). 274. Piranga rubra cooperi Ridgway. COOPER TANAGER. Synonyms — Pyranga acstiva; Pyranga cooperi; Pyranga aestiva cooperi; Pyranga hepatica, part. Status — Common summer visitant in the Lower Sonoran zone of southern and western Arizona, principally along the hot river valleys of the Colorado and its tributaries. Breeds along the Colorado as far north as Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1870, p. 142), in eastern Arizona north to San Francisco River, in Graham Coun- ty (Henshaw, i875b, p. 239), and to the vicinity of Tucson. 275. Progne subis subis (Linnaeus). PURPLE MARTIN. Synonyms — Progne pnrpurca; Progne subis hesperia. Status — Breeds commonly in some sections, but there is not at hand data to indicate the details of its distribution through the state. It is known to be a sum- mer visitant at Fort Whipple, in the Upper Sonoran zone (Coues, i866a, p. 72), in the Transition of the Mogoilon Mountains (Mearns, 18903, p. 260), and in the Lower Sonoran at Tucson (Swarth, 19053, p. 49). Reported from other points as a migrant only. 276. Petrochelidon lunit'rons lunifrons (Say). CLIFF SWALLOW. Synonyms— Hirnndo hinifrons; Petrochelidon Innifrons tachina. Status— A common summer visitant, where suitable conditions prevail. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 6.5 throughout the state, except along the southeastern boundary, where it is re- placed by P. I. me! aii-o gastra. The cliff swallow has been found breeding abun- dantly at various scattered points — Fort Whipple, Little Colorado River, Bill Williams River, Fort Verde, and at several places on the Colorado River between Xeedles and Yuma. Breeding birds from Fort Verde have been referred to P. I. tac/iina (Miller, 1906, p. 177). 277. Petrochelidon lunifrons melanogastra (Swainson). MEXICAN CLIFF SWALLOW. Synonym — Petrochelidon melanogastcr. Status— Occurs as a summer visitant along the Mexican boundary of ex- treme southeastern Arizona, as far west as Nogales (Mearns, 1901, p. 177). The northern limits of its range have not yet been ascertained. 278. Hirundo erythrogastra iloddaert. BARN SWALLOW. Synonyms — Hirundo rufa; Hirundo horre onnn ; Chelidon crythrogastcr. Status- Of rare and local occurrence. The only breeding records known to me are as follows: Tucson and the Santa Catalina Mountains, up to 5,000 feet (Scott, 1888, p. 31) ; Elgin, Santa Cruz County (Breninger, iSgSa, p. 117) ; San Pedro River (Swarth, 1904^, p. 48). There are singularly few records of its oc- currence as a migrant. 279. Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot). TREE SWALLOW. Synonyms — Hirundo bicolor ; Tachycincta bicolor. Status — I know of no instance of this species having been found breeding at any point in Arizona, and it has been observed but seldom as a migrant. Report- ed from Cienega Station in April ( Brewster, 1882, p. 146), from Tucson in March (Scott, 1888, p. 31), and from the Dragoon Mountains in May (Osgood, 1903, p. 150). 280. Tachycineta thalassina lepida Mearns. NORTHERN VIOLET-GREEN SWALLOW. Synonyms — Hirundo thalassina; Hcrsc thalassina; Tachycineta thalassina. Status — A common summer visitant of high Transition throughout Arizona. Reported from numerous localities — mountains near Fort Whipple, Santa Cata- lina Mountains, Mogollon Mountains. Huachuca Mountains, etc. Of general distribution during the migrations. 281. Riparia riparia (Linnaeus). BANK SWALLOW. Synonyms — Cotylc riparia ; Cliricola riparia. Status — Apparently of rare occurrence. Has been seen in summer at Fort Whipple (Cones, i866a, p. 72), and in the vicinity of Tucson (Scott, 1888, p. 31) and the Santa Cruz River (Swarth, 19053, p. 49). 64 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 282. Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Audubon). ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW. Synonym — Cotyle serripennis. Status — Though there are numerous instances of the occurrence of this spe- cies as a migrant in various parts of the state, breeding records are too few to permit a definite statement as to the region occupied during the nesting season. Reported as breeding at Fort Whipple. (Cones, i866a, p. 72), Cienega Station, southeastern Arizona (Brewster, 1882, p. 146), along the Santa Cruz and San Pedro rivers (F, C. Willard, MS), and Tucson, and at points on the Colorado River between Ehrenberg and Ynma (Mus. Vert. Zool). Also observed at Fort 'Mohave, Gila Bend, confluence of Beaverdam and Virgin rivers, Fort Verde, Mellen, Pima Indian Reservation, Keam Canon, and the Sulphur Spring Valley. Seen in February on the Colorado River (Kennedy, 1859, p. 24), and at Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1870, p. no), so it may be found to occasionally pass the win- ter this far north. 283. Bombycilla garrula (Linnaeus). BOHEMIAN WAXWING. Synonym — Ampelis garrulus. Status — A rare midwinter straggler from the north. Cooper (1861, p. 122) secured a single specimen at Fort Mohave, January 10, 1861, the only occasion on which the species has been observed in Arizona. This bird, an adult female, is now number 4207, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. 284. Bombycilla cedromra Vieillot. CEDAR WAXWING. Synonym — Ampelis cedrornm. Status — Of rare and irregular occurrence. Henshaw (i875b, p. 299) se- cured a specimen thirty miles south of Fort Apache, September n, 1873, under circumstances indicating that it may have been breeding. Otherwise noted dur- ing the migrations and in winter, at a few scattered localities : Galeyville, Cochise County, January ; Tucson, March, May and June ; Grand Canon, September ; Huachtica Mountains, April, May, October. 285. Phainopepla nitens (Swainson). PHAINOPEPLA. Synonyms — Ptiliogonys nitens; Cichlopsis nitens. Status — Common summer visitant in the Lower Sonoran of southern arid western Arizona. Reported from many points, north as far as Fort Apache (in August, not necessarily a breeding record), Fort Whipple, and Fort Mohave. Remains through the winter locally in southern Arizona, and along the Colorado River. In the late summer there is a dispersal of individuals into higher alti- tudes, and possibly to more northern localities, than are occupied during the nest- ing time. Found breeding at Fort Mohave in February (Fisher, 1893^ p. 113). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 65 286. Lanius borealis Vieillot. NORTHERN SHRIKE. Synonyms — Collyrio borealis; Collurio borealis. Status — Only one record, that of a specimen secured by Coues (Li866a, p. 73) at Fort Whipple, in February, 1865. 287. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Swainson. WHITE-RUM FED SHRIKE. Synonyms — Lanius ludovicianus; Collyrio excubitorides; Collurio ludovi- cianus var. excubitorides; Collurio excubitoroides. Status — Found in the Lower Sonoran zone of southern Arizona, along the Colorado River, and the Desert of the Little Colorado in northeastern Arizona. Apparently restricted to the Lower Sonoran zone in the breeding season but rang- ing into Upper Sonoran in late summer and fall: one specimen, Fort Whipple, September 4, 1864 (Coues, i866a, p. 73) ; foothills of the Huachuca Mountains, October (Swarth, 1908, p. 115). Not known to occur in the high plateau region of central Arizona, and but sparsely distributed in the region where it is found. 288. Vireosylva olivacea (Linnaeus). RED-EYED VIREO. Synonym — Vireo olivaceus. Status — But a single record, that of a specimen secured by Lusk in the Huachuca Mountains, May 20, 1895. This specimen is now in the Swarth collec- tion (Swarth, 1904^ p. 49). 289. Vireosylva gilva swainsoni (Baird). WESTERN WARBLING VIREO. Synonyms — Vireo gilvus; Vireo swainsoni; Vireo gilvus swainsoni. Status — A common summer visitant of the Upper Sonoran ^,nd 1'ransition zones of northern and central Arizona: Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 73) ; San Francisco Mountain (Merriam, 1890, p. 98). Of rare occurrence south of the central plateau region, but has occasionally been found breeding at the extreme southern boundary of the state: Santa Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1888, p. 32) ; Huachuca Mountains (Willard, iox)8c, p. 230). Abundant and of general dis- tribution during the migrations. 290. Lanivireo solitarius cassini (Xantus). CASSIN VIREO. Synonyms — Vireo solitarius; Vireosylvia solitaria; Vireo solitarius cassini. Status — A migrant, of common occurrence and general distribution. Re- ported from numerous localities in various parts of the state, but not from the desert region of the northeast corner. Specimens have been taken at Forts Whip- pie, Mohave, Apache, and Crittenden, and also at San Francisco Mountain, Mount Graham, and the Santa Rita, Santa Catalina, and Huachuca mountains. 66 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 29 *• Lanivireo solitarius plumbeus (Cones). PLUMBEOUS VIREO. Synonyms — Virco plumbeus; Vireosyhna plumb ea; Vireo solitarius plum- beus. Status — Common summer visitant of the Transition zone. Reported from San Francisco Mountain, the Mogollon, Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, Huachuca, and Hualpai mountains, Forts Whipple and Apache, and is undoubtedly to be found in all the higher mountain ranges of the state. 292. Vireo huttoni stephensi Brewster. STEPHENS VIREO. Synonym — Vireo huttoni. Status — Found in the mountain ranges of southeastern Arizona, in the live oak belt and along the canon streams, ranging upward to the lower edge of Transition. Probably resident, but nowhere very abundant. Reported from the Chiricahua, Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, and Huachuca mountains, and also, the westernmost record, from the Quijotoa Range (Scott, 1888, p. 32). 293. Vireo belli arizonae Ridgway. ARIZONA VIREO. Synonyms — Vireo bellii; Vireo pusillus ; Virco belli pusillus. Status — Common summer visitant in southern and western Arizona. Found along the Colorado River at least as far north as Fort Mohave (Cooper, 1861, p. 122) and the Big Sandy (Stephens, 1903, p. 104). In eastern Arizona it breeds abundantly in the valleys of the Santa Cruz and San Pedro, as in all probability it does along the Gila River also. The northernmost points to which it has been traced in' central Arizona are the Gila River, Graham County, in September (Hen- shaw, i875b, p. 225), and a point fifty miles south of Fort Whipple, breeding (Cones, i866a, p. 76). 294. Vireo vicinior Coues. GRAY VIREO. Status — A summer visitant, reported thus far from a few scattered localities in the northern, and eastern parts of the state. Coues (i866a, p. 75) secured a single specimen, the type of the species, at Fort Whipple, Henshaw (i875b, p. 227) took migrating birds at Camp Bowie in August, and at Camp Lowell in- Sep- tember, and Stephens (1878, p. 93) found it on the Gila River, presumably about at the Arizona-New Mexico boundary, and also near Tucson in April (Brewster, 1882, p. 142). Apparently the only positive published breeding record for Ari- zona is that of Scott (i885a, p. 321), who reported the species as a common sum- mer visitant on the eastern slope of the Santa Catalina Mountains, ranging from 2800 to 4000 feet. Merriam (1890, p. .7 295. Protonotaria citrea (Boddaert). PROTHONOTARY WARBLER. Status — Only one record, that of a specimen taken by E. W. Nelson at Tuc- son, May i, 1884 (Cooke, 1904, p. 23). 296. Vermivora luciae (Cooper). LUCY WARBLER. Synonyms — Helminthophaga luciae; Helminthophila luciae. Status — An exceedingly abundant summer visitant in the low river valleys of southern and western Arizona. Common in the valleys of the Santa Cruz and San Pedro, along the Gila (probably not above its junction with the San Pedro), and along the Colorado. Ranges north along the Colorado to Fort Mohave at least, in central Arizona to Fort Whipple. Its northern boundary is probably de- termined by the rise of the country toward the Central Plateau Region. Restrict- ed almost entirely to the Lower Sonoran zone, but in a few places it ranges into Upper Sonoran: west slope of the Santa Rita Mountains (Swarth, 19053, p. 81) ; west slope of the Huachuca Mountains (Willard, icpSb, p. 206). Not reported from east of the San Pedro River. 297. Vermivora virginiae (Baird). VIRGINIA WARBLER. Synonyms — Helminthophaga mrginiae ; Helminthophila virginiae. Status — An abundant migrant, and a fairly common summer visitant in the Transition zone of some, probably all, of the higher mountain ranges. It has been found in the summer months in the White, Santa Catalina, Huachuca, and San Francisco mountains. Rare in the Hualpai Mountains, where Stephens (1903, p. 104) saw several in June. Of occasional occurrence in the low valleys i luring the migrations. 298. Vermivora rubricapilla gutturalis (Ridgway). CALAVERAS WARBLER. Synonyms — Helminthophaga ruficapilla; Helminthophila ruficapilla; Hel- minthopila ruficapilla gutturalis; Helminthophila rubricapilla gutturalis. Status — Abundant and generally distributed during the migrations. Re- ported from the valley of the Colorado River (Mus. Vert. Zool.), from San Francisco Mountain in the north, and from the Huachuca, Santa Rita and Santa Catalina mountains, and the valley of the San Pedro River, in southern Arizona. 299. Vermivora celata celata (Say). ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER. Synonyms — Helminthophila celata; Vermivora celata orestera. Status — But few records from Arizona. Reported from Mount Graham (breeding), San Francisco Mountains, San Pedro River, Adonde, Tucson, Fort Huachuca, and Bisbee (/•'. r. orestera Oberholser, 1905, p. 243); from the Huachuca Mountains and San Pedro River in April and September (Swarth, 1904!), p. 52) ; and from the Colorado Valley (Needles, Cibola. Picacho, and Pilot Knob) from February to May (Mus. Vert. Zool.). PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 3°°- Vermivora celata lutescens (Ridgway). LUTESCENT WARBLER. Synonyms — Hclminthophaga celata; Hclminthophila celata lutescens. Status — An abundant migrant, occurring in all parts of Arizona. Has been found at every point where collecting has been carried on in the spring and fall. 3or- Peucedramus olivaceus (Giraud). OLIVE WARBLER. Synonym — Dendroica olivacea. Status — Breeds in the Transition zone of the mountains of southern and central Arizona. Has been found in the Huachuca, Chiricahua, Santa Catalina. Mogollon and White mountains, and on Mount Graham, and there are other high ranges at intermediate points where it will also probably be found. It does not appear to be very abundant in any part of its range in Arizona. A few individ- uals probably remain through the winter, as it has been reported from the Santa Catalina Mountains, at 10,000 feet altitude, November 26-29 (Scott, i885b, p. 172), and from the Huachuca Mountains at 9000 feet, February 21 (Swarth, I904b, p. 53). 302. Dendroica aestiva sonorana Brewster. SONORA YELLOW WARBLER. Synonyms — Dendroica aestiva, part; Dendroica aestiva morcoiui, part. Status — A common summer visitant in southern and western Arizona, ap- parently confined almost entirely to the Lower Sonoran river valleys, the Colorado and the Gila, with their tributaries. Has been reported from various points along these streams : Fort Mohave, Yuma, Gila Bend, Tucson, Tombstone, etc. ; and occasionally from localities in Upper Sonoran : Santa Cataiina Mountains, resi- dent up to 4500 feet (Scott, 1888, p. 34) The northernmost record I have seen from central Arizona is from Fort Verde (Coale, 1894, p. 218). I know of no breeding record of a yellow warbler from any point in Arizona north of the Mogollon Divide ; what form it is that migrates through this region I do not know (Dendroica aestiva Merriam, 1890, p. 98, San Francisco Mountain, etc., August and September; Fisher, 189313, p. 113, confluence of Beaverdam and Vir- gin rivers, May; etc.). 303. Dendroica aestiva brev/steri Grinnell. CALIFORNIA YELLOW WARBLER. Synonyms — Dendroira aestiva, part; Dendroica aestiva morcomi, part. Status — A common migrant in southern Arizona. I have seen specimens from the Huachuca Mountains, in the extreme southeastern portion of the state (Swarth, 1904^ p. 53), and from points on the Colorado River (Mus. Vert. Zool.). These are distinctly D. a. brcivsteri, as distinguished from D. a. aestiva of the eastern United States. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA . 69 304. Dendroica coronata (Linnaeus). MYRTLE; WARBLER. Status — Four records: One from the Chiricahua Mountains, March 26, 1881 (Brewster, 1882, p. 137) ; one from Tucson, January 28, 1886 (Scott, 1888, p. 34) : Pima Indian Reservation, September, "one seen" (Breninger, iQoia, p. 46) ; Tucson, one seen January 28, 1912 (Sloanaker, 1913, p. 197). 305. Dendroica auduboni auduboni (Townsend). AUDUBON WARBLER. Synonym — Sylvicola andubonii. Status — Common summer visitant in high Transition and upward in the mountains of northern Arizona : San Francisco Mountain, Mogollon Mountains, etc. Abundant in winter in the Lower Sonoran valleys of the southern and west- ern parts of the state: Tucson, San Pedro River, Yuma, etc. Winter visitant in the Colorado Valley at least as far north as Fort Mohave. Occasional in winter . at Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 69). Very abundant and of general distri- bution during the migrations. 306. Dendroica auduboni nigrifrons Brewster. BLACK-FRONTED WARBLER. Synonyms — Dendroica auduboni, part : Dendroica nigrifrons. Status — Reported from the Hnachuca and the Chiricahua mountains, where it is a fairly common summer visitant in the Transition zone. D. o. auduboni has been recorded as an uncommon summer visitant in the Santa Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1888, p. 34). but I have seen typical examples of nigrifrons (in the col- lection of F. S. Daggett) taken in these mountains in June, 1906, so that the breed- ing range of this form extends at least that far north. Probably it includes all the high mountains south of the Mogollon Plateau, but it is impossible at present to in- dicate exactly the dividing line between the breeding ranges of nigrifrons and andiiboni. From the critical comments made upon Dendroica andnboni by Coues in his "List of Birds of Fort Whipple" (i866a, p. 69) it is evident that he collect- ed in that region specimens approximating the characters of D. a. nigrifrons. 307. Dendroica graciae Baird. GRACE WARBLER. Status — A summer visitant in the Transition zone of eastern and central Arizona, apparently least abundant in the extreme southern part of the state. Tn the Huachuca Mountains it is common during the migrations, but decidedly rare in the breeding season. Reported from the Huachuca, Chiricahua, Santa Catalina. Mogollon, and White mountains. San Francisco Mountain and Fort Whipple. There is no record of its occurrence in the lowlands during the migrations. 308. Dendroica nigrescens (Townsend). BLACK-THROATED GRAY WARBLER. Status — A common summer visitant in low Transition throughout Arizona. Has been found breeding in the Huachuca, Santa Rita. Whetstone, and Santa Catalina mountains, San Francisco Mountain, and at Fort Whipple. Abundant and generally distributed during the migrations. 70 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 309. Dendroica virens (Gmelin). BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER. Status — Only one record for Arizona, that of an adult male secured at Ram- say Canon, Huachnca Mountains, May 9, 1895 (Fisher, 1904, p.. 81). 310. Dendroica townsendi (Townsend). TOWNSEND WARBLER. Status — An abundant migrant at all altitudes, both spring and fall, reported from many scattered localities throughout the state (San Francisco Mountain, Huachuca Mountains, Tucson, Yuma, etc.). Scott (1888, p. 35) took one speci- men at Mineral Creek, Final County, November 2, 1882, but there are no mid- winter records. 311. Dendroica occidentalis ( Townsend ) . HERMIT WARBLER. Status — An abundant migrant, occurring in all parts of Arizona in the spring and fall. Reported from Fort Whipple, San Francisco Mountain, Huachuca Mountains, Yuma, etc. 312. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ridgway. ALASKA WATER-THRUSH. Synonyms — Seiurus tenuirostris ; Seiurus noveboracensis; Sinrns naevius. Status — A rare migrant. The published records are as follows: Rio Col- orado, October (Gambel, 1843, P- 261) ; one specimen, Camp Crittenden, August (Henshaw, i875b, p. 204) ; one specimen, adult male, Tucson, May 4 (Brew- ster, 1882, p. 138) : two specimens. Santa Catalina Mountains, 3500 feet, an adult female on September 2, and an adult male on September 3. 1884 (Scott, 1888 p. 35) ; one specimen, Huachuca Mountains, 5500 feet, August 31, 1903 (Swarth. I904b, p. 56). 313. Oporomis tolmiei (Townsend). MACGILLIVRAY WARBLER. Synonyms — Gcothlypis macgilKwayi; Gcothlypis Philadelphia var. macgilh- rrayi; Gcothlypis tolmiei. Status — A summer visitant in the higher mountains of central Arizona. Fort Whipple, April to September (Coues, i866a, p. 70) ; east central Arizona, "com- mon summer resident'' (Henshaw, i875a, p. 156). Abundant and generally dis- tributed during: the migrations. 314. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewster. WESTERN YEI.LOWTTTROAT. Synonym — Geothlypis trichas, part. Status — A common migrant, and, on the lower Colorado River, a winter visi- tant. ATay breed in northern Arizona, a summer record from Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 69), possibly pertaining to this subspecies. Colorado River be- low Yuma, December (Price, 1899. p. 93). Huachuca Mountains, migrant (Swarth, iQO4b, p. 56). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 71 315. Geothlypis trichas scirpicola Grinnell. TULE YELLOWTHKOAT. Synonyms — Geothlypis trichas, part; Geothlypis trichas occidentalis, part. Status — Breeds in the valleys of extreme southern Arizona. _and along the lower Colorado River, but from the generally unfavorable nature of the region outside of the latter district, it occurs in but small numbers, and at widely scat- tered intervals. Found in summer in the vicinity of Tucson (Scott, 1888, p. 35), on the San Pedro River (Swarth, 1904^, p. 56), and on the lower Colorado Riv- er (Mus. Vert. Zool.). For the use of the name scirpicola for the breeding yel- lowthroat of southern Arizona, see Swarth, 1912, p. 71. 316. Icteria virens longlcauda Lawrence. LONG-TAILED CHAT. Synonyms — Icteria viridis ; Icteria longicauda. Status — Abundant summer visitant in the Lower Sonoran river valleys, and through the Upper Sonoran zone in the lower canons of the mountain ranges. Found in summer at Fort Mohave, Fort Whipple, Fort Grant, Tucson, Fort Apache, Huachuca Mountains, etc. 317. Wilsonia pusilla pileolata (Pallas). PILEOLATED WARBLER. Synonyms — Myiodioctes pusillus; Myiodioctes pusillus pilcolatus, part ; My- iodioctes pilcolatus ; Syh'ania pusilla pileolata; Sylvania pusilla, part. Status — The only breeding record for Arizona is that of Coues (i866a, p. 71) who reported the species as a common summer visitant about Fort Whipple, where he found it from May to September. Jt is an exceedingly common migrant in al! parts of the state, and one that is found at all altitudes. 318. Wilsonia pusilla chryseola Ridgway. GOLDEN PILEOLATED WARBLER. Synonyms — Myiodioctes pusillus pilcolatus, part; Sylvania pusilla, part. Status — Occurs "during migration southward and eastward to ... Arizona (Final County, September. October; Lowell, April; Fort Verde, May: San Francisco Mountains, August 31; Cienega ; Tucson)" (Ridgway, 1902, p. 714). Observed as a common migrant in the Colorado Valley, between Cheme- huevis Valley and Potholes in the spring of 1910 (Mus. Vert Zool.). 319. Setophaga mticilla (Linnaeus). AMERICAN REDSTART. Status — Its occurrence in Arizona is based upon the record by Scott ( 1888, p. 36), of two specimens, an adult male taken by himself in the Santa Catalina Mountains, 4500 feet elevation, August 12, 1884, and another taken by Herbert Rrown at Tucson PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 320. Setophaga picta Swainson. PAINTED REDSTART. Status — A common summer visitant in the high mountains of southern and central Arizona, in low Transition and high Upper Sonoran. Found as far north as the Mogollon Mo'.mtains and the Tonto Basin (Mearns, i8ox)a, p. 261). Re- ported from Camp Apache, Mount Graham, and the Chiricahua, Santa Rita, Uuachuca. Santa Catalina, and Whetstone mountains. 321. Cardellina rubrifrons (Giraud). RED-FACED WARBLER. Status — Common summer visitant in the Transition zone of the mountains of southeastern Arizona. The northernmost point to which it has been traced is the Mogollon Mountains (Mearns, iSqoa, p. 261), and it has also been found in summer at Fort Apache, Mount Graham, the Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, and Huachuca mountains. There are other high ranges from which there are no re- ports, where it undoubtedly occurs. 322. Anthus rubescens (Tunstall). AMERICAN PIPIT. Synonyms — Anthus ludovicianns ; Anthus pcnsih'anicus. Status — A common winter visitant in the lowlands of southern and western Arizona, reported from various scattered localities — Fort Whipple, Yuma, Tuc- son, etc. No winter records from points north of the Mogollon Divide. Possibly breeds on San Francisco Mountain, where it was found at timber line in the late summer (Merriam, 1890, p. 99). 323. Cinclus mexicanus unicolor Bonaparte. AMERICAN DIPPER. Synonyms — Hydrobata me.ricana; Cinclus mexicanus. Status — There are but three definite published statements in regard to the oc- currence of the dipper in Arizona. Although Cones (i866a, p. 66) included the species in his list of birds of Fort Whipple, he did not himself meet with it. Hen- shaw (i875b, p. 159) found it fairly common in summer on some of the streams of the White Mountains; Brewster (1882, p. 76) records a specimen secured in the Chiricahua Mountains, March 20 ; and one was seen in the Huachuca Moun- tains, August 4, 1902 (Swarth, 1904^ p. 59). 324. Oreoscoptes montanus (Townsend). SAGE THRASHER. Synonym — Mimus montanus. Status — An abundant winter visitant of the plains and valleys of southern Arizona, reported from many localities between Yuma and the eastern boundary ; also along the lower Colorado River. I know of no winter records from points north of the Mogollon Divide. There are no published instances of its breeding in Arizona, though it may be found doing so in the northeastern portion — from the Little Colorado River northward — where Merriam (1890, p. 100) observed it in small numbers in the late summer of 1889. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 73 325. Mimus polyglottos leucopterus (Vigors). WESTERN MOCKINGBIRD. Synonyms — Minuis polyglottns; Mimus polyglottiis var. caudatus. Status- — A common summer visitant in the Lower SonorarT valleys, and in places extending up into Upper Sonoran. It is permanently resident in the hot valleys of southern Arizona, but there is a vertical migration downward from the foothill regions where it occurs in summer ; and possibly an entire departure from northern Arizona during the winter months. Cones (i866a, p. 65) speaks of it as a summer resident only in the vicinity of Fort Whipple, and Osgood (1903, p. 150) mentions its arrival in the Sulphur Spring Valley, Cochise County, on April 15. In the foothills of the Huachuca Mountains it occurs in summer only, while it is reported in February from a point on the San Pedro River, fifteen miles dis- tant and about five hundred feet lower (Willard, IQIOC, p. no). The few records from northern Arizona (Little Colorado River, Keam Canon, and Hualpai Moun- tains), are all for the summer months. Probably a winter visitant only on the Colorado River below Needles (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 326. Toxostoma rufum (Linnaeus). BROWN THRASHER. Status — But one record for Arizona, that of a male bird taken in the foot- hills of the Huachuca Mountains (4500 feet altitude), on October 5, 1907 (Swarth, 1908, p. 115). 327. Toxostoma cnrvirostre palmeri (Cones). PALMER THRASHER. Synonyms — 7 o.rnstoiua rctula; Harporhynchus citrrirostris ; Harporhynchus cunirostris palneri. Status — A common resident in the Lower Sonoran valleys of southeastern Arizona. It? range has been traced east to the valley of the San Pedro (Brew- ster, 1882, p. 71), north to the Hassayampa (1. c.) and the Big Sandy (Stephens, 1903, p. 105), to Fort Grant (Coues, 1868, p. 83) and the Salt River. Valley. 328. Toxostoma bendirei (Coues). BENDIRE THRASHER. Synonyms — Harporhynchus bendirei; PlarporhyncJius cincrcus var. bendirei. Status — Locally a common resident in the Lower Sonoran valleys of south- eastern and northeastern Arizona, but our present knowledge seems to indicate an exceedingly irregular and disconnected range. In southeastern Arizona it is very abundant in the valley of the Santa Cruz, west of the Santa Rita Mountains, whih it is almost unknown east of that range. It is common in the plains and valleys stretching northwest of Tucson, as far as Phoenix and along the Gila River at least as far as Gila Bend (Pember, 1892, p. 6). In northern Arizona it has been reported from Keam Canon in July and August (Fisher. 1903, p. 35), and from Beale Spring in July (Stephens, 1903, p. 105). 74 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 329. Toxostoma lecontei lecontei Lawrence. LECONTE THRASHER. Synonyms — Harporhynchus lecontei; Harporhynchus rediz'iints lecontei. Status — A resident of the arid Lower Sonoran plains of southern and western Arizona. In the valley of the Colorado River north to the extreme northwestern corner of the state (Merriam, 1895, p. 59) ; east in the valley of the Gila about to Phoenix, Maricopa, Casa Grande, and Picacho Peak (Mearns. i886b, p. 299) ; its northwestern limits at the base of the Plateau escarpment (Merriam, 1. c.). In southern Arizona it has not been observed at any point east of the valley of the Santa Cruz River. 330. Toxostoma crissale Henry. CRISSAL THRASHER. Synonym — Harporhynchus crissalis. Status — Common resident, principally in Lower Sonoran ; locally abundant but rather irregularly distributed. Ranges north in the valley of the Colorado River as far as the mouth of Diamond Creek, Mohave County (Mcarns, i886b, p. 292) ; in central Arizona to Fort Verde (Mearns. 1. c.). In the valley of the Gila it has been traced east to the mouth of San Carlos Creek (Mearns, 1. c.). In southeastern Arizona it is common at Fort Bowie, and in the valleys of the San Pedro and Santa Cruz rivers ; in the northwest reported as breeding in the Hual- pai Mountains (Stephens, 1903, p. 105). There are no records from northeastern Arizona, and in all probability its range in this direction is limited by the great Mogollon Divide. 331. Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi (Sharpe). CACTUS WREN. Synonyms — Campylor/i \nclnis brunneicapillus ; Heleodytes bnmneicapillns ; Heleodytes brunneicapillus anthonyi. Status — A common resident of the Lower Sonoran zone in southern and western Arizona. Most abundant in the hot valleys of the southern part of the state. In western Arizona ranges as far north as Beale Spring (Stephens, 1903, p. 105) ; in eastern Arizona there are no records from north of the Gila River. 332. Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus (Say). ROCK WREN. Synonyms — Troglodytes obsoletus; Thryothorus obsoletus. Status — Has been found in every part of Arizona where observations have been made. In the southern valleys a permanent resident, but in the north prob- ably found in summer only (s*ee Coues, i866a, p. 77), as also in the higher moun- tains. 333. Catherpes mexicanus conspersus Ridgway. CANON WREN. Synonyms — Thryothorus mexicanus; Catherpes mexicanus; Catherpes mexi- canus punctulatus; Catherpes mexicanus pofioptilits. BIRDS OF ARIZONA 75 Status — Common resident in suitable localities throughout the state, rang- ing through Lower and Upper Sonoran into lower Transition. Most abundant in the Upper Sonoran zone of the various mountain ranges, but found also on low, rocky hills in the hot southern valleys, along the Colorado River, and on the des- erts of northeastern Arizona. 334. Thryomanes bewicki eremophilus Oberholser. DESERT WREN. Synonyms — Thryothorus bewickU; Thryothorus bewicki leucogaster; Thryo- manes bcwickl leucogaster; Thryothorus bezvickii murinus; Thryothorus bewickii bairdi; Thryomanes bewickii bairdi; Thryomanes beunckii drymoccus. Status — Common resident in the Upper and Lower Sonoran zones of south- ern, and parts of western, Arizona. Has been reported in summer from the Chiri- cahua, Huachuca, Santa Rita and Santa Catalina mountains, Santa Cruz River near Tucson, Fort Whipple, the Big Sandv River, and many intermediate points, all south and west of the Mogollon Divide. T have seen no records from Arizona localities north of that range. A winter visitant only in the lower Colorado Valley (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 335. Troglodytes aedon parkmani Audubon. PARKMAN WREN. Synonyms — Troglodytes parkmanni; Troglodytes domesticus parkmani; Troglodytes aedon; Troglodytes aedon marianae ; Troglodytes aedon aztecus. Status — A summer visitant in the Transition zone of the higher ranges. Re- mains through the winter in the valley of the Colorado River, and probably in others of the hot valleys of southern Arizona ; generally distributed during the migrations. Has been found in summer in the Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, Huachuca, Mogollon. Hnalpai, and San Francisco mountains, and at Fort Whip- pie. 336. Nannus hiemalis pacificus (Baird). WESTERN WINTER WREN. Synonym — Olbiorchihis hiemalis pacificus. Status — But one published record for Arizona, that of a specimen taken in the Huachuca Mountains, April 2, 1902 (Swarth, 1904!), p. 60). There is a speci- men in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (no. 8140) labelled "Grand Canon, March, 1887." 337. Telmatodytes palustris plesius (Oberholser). WESTERN MARSH WREN. Synonyms — Cistothorus palustris ; Telmatodytes palustris; Cistothorus palu- stris var. paludicola: Cistothorus palustris plesius. Status — Possibly a summer visitant at suitable points, but the only definite record I have seen of a marsh wren as such is from Fort Whipple, where Coues (i866a, p. 78) found it a common summer resident. There are singularly few published references to the species, even as a migrant in Arizona : Tucson, a rare migrant (Scott, 1888, p. 165) ; Moencopie, September (Merriam, 1890, p. 100) ; Sulphur Spring, Cochise County, March (Osgood, 1903, p. 151) ; Colorado River, March. 1910 (Mus. Vert. Zool.). 76 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA ' No. 10 338. Certhia familiaris albescens Berlepsch. MEXICAN CREEPER. Synonym — Certhia familiaris mexicana. Status — A common summer visitant in high Transition in the mountain ranges of extreme southeastern Arizona. Reported from the Chiricahua Moun- tains (Brewster, 1882, p. 81), the Santa Rita Mountains (Brewster, i88sb, p. 197), the Santa Catalina Mountains (Scott, i885c, p. 350), and the Huachuca Mountains (Swarth, 1904.13, p. 60). 339. Certhia familiaris montana Ridgway. ROCKY MOUNTAIN CREEPER. Synonyms — Certhia familiaris; Certhia americana; Certhia familiaris var. amcricana. Status — Summer visitant in the higher mountains of northern and central Arizona. Has been found breeding on San Francisco Mountain, Mount Graham, and the Mogollon Mountains. One record of its occurrence as a migrant in southern Arizona (Swarth, 1904^ P- 61 ; Huachuca Mountains, March, two specimens), and one from northern Arizona in winter (Kennerly, 1859, p. 29; Pueblo Creek, January). 340. Sitta carolinensis nelsoni Mearns. ROCKY MOUNTAIN NUTHATCH. Synonyms — Sitta carolinensis; Sitta acitleata; Sitta carolinensis aculeata. Status — Common summer visitant in the Transition zone, sometimes in high Upper Sonoran. In some of the more southern ranges, the Santa Catalina and Huachuca mountains, it is known to remain throughout the year. In central Arizona it is recorded as a permanent resident at Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a. p. 78), and as occurring in the Mogollon Mountains in summer, and in the Verde Valley in winter (Mearns, i89oa, p. 262). Found *at Williams in February (Wetmore, 1908, p. 386). The only record from the arid Lower Sonoran south- western portion of Arizona is from Sacaton (Oilman, 191 la, p. 35), where it was seen from September 3 until the first week in December, 1910. 341. Sitta canadensis Linnaeus. RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH. Status — There are very few Arizona records. One taken at Fort Yuma (Baird, 1861, p. 6). The next record is of a specimen in the Santa Catalina Mountains, October 29, 1885 (Scott, 1888, p. 165). Found breeding in the highest parts of the San Francisco and Mogollon mountains (Mearns, 18903, p. 263) ; four specimens in the Huachuca Mountains, April 6, 1902 (Swarth, 1904^ p. 61), and several seen at Sacaton during October, 1910 (Oilman, 191 la, P- 35)- 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 77 342. Sitta pygmaea pygmaea Vigors. PIGMY NUTHATCH. Synonym — Sitta pnsilla var. pygmaea. Status — Common resident in the Transition zone throughout the state. Is apparently non-migratory, and though found on all of the higher mountains, has never been observed, even in winter, in the intervening low valleys. 343. Baeolophus inornatus griseus (Ridgway). GRAY TITMOUSE. Synonyms — Lophophanes inornatus; Parus inornatus ridgzvayi; Partis in- ornatus griseus. Status — Several records from the lower slopes of San Francisco Mountain and neighboring localities, where it is probably resident. Also reported from the Grand Canon in September (Merriam, 1890, p. 41), from Keam Canon in July, and from Fort Defiance (Baird, 1861, p. 6). Coues (i866a, p. 79) found it as a winter visitant at Fort Whipple. Apparently of rare occurrence in southern Arizona, judging from the absence of records. The only definite statement of its occurrence in the south is that of Brewster (1882, p. 79), who states that it is of rare occurrence in the Chiricahua Mountains. Henshaw (i875b, p. 167) speaks of it as occurring in the oak region of southern Arizona, but mentions no particular locality, and lists no specimens. 344. Baeolophus wollweberi (Bonaparte). BRIDLED TITMOUSE. Synonyms — Lophophanes zvolki-ebcri; Parus wolhveberi; Baeolophus woll- •i^cberi annexus. Status — Common resident of the Upper Sonoran foothill country of the mountains of southeastern and central Arizona. Reported from nearly all the ranges south and west of the Mogollon Divide, and as far north as Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 79). Occasionally wanders to a lower zone in the fall and winter, as evidenced by its occurrence at Sacatori in October and November, 1909 (Gilman, 1910, p. 46). Preeminently a bird. of the oak woods. 345. Penthestes sclateri (Kleinschmidt). MEXICAN CHICKADEE. Synonym — Parus meridionalis. Status — In Arizona it is known to occur only in the Transition zone of the Chiricahua Mountains (7000 to 10,000 feet), where it is reported to be not un- common (Brewster, 1882, p. 79). 346. Penthestes gambeli gambeli (Ridgway). MOUNTAIN CHICKADEE. Synonyms — Parus montamts; Poecile montanus; Parus gambeli. Status- — Common resident in the higher mountains of northern and central Arizona : San Francisco Mountain, Mogollon Mountains, Fort Whipple, etc., south to Mount Graham. Occurs in the Santa Catalina Mountains in winter 78 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 (specimens in the collection of F. S. Daggett) and may breed in that range, as it has been seen there in June and July (Rhoads, 1892, p. 125). Mr. F. S. Dag- gett also has specimens in his collection taken in the Santa Catalina Mountains in June. 347. Psaltriparus plumbeus (Baird). LEAD-COLORED BUSH-TIT. Synonyms — Psaltria plumbed; Psaltriparus minimus var. plumbeus; Psal- triparus santaritac; Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi. Status — Abundant in Upper Sonoran and Transition zones in northern and eastern Arizona. Reported from many localities: Fort Whipple, Keam Canon, Little Colorado River, Hualpai, Huachuca, Santa Rita, and Chiricahua moun- tains, etc. There are no records from the arid southwestern portion of the state, nor from the Colorado River Valley, at its western border. 348. Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps (Sundevall). VERDIN. Synonym — Paroides flaviceps. Status — Common resident of the Lower Sonoran valleys of southern and western Arizona. Occurs along the Colorado River to the extreme northwestern corner of the state (Beaverdam Creek, Fisher, i893b, p. 142). In eastern Arizona it is not reported from any point north of the Gila River. The northern and eastern limits of its range are formed by the rising slopes of the mountains form- ing the great divide which extends diagonally across the state. 349. Regulus calendula calendula (Linnaeus). RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET. Status — A summer visitant of the higher parts of the mountains of northern and central Arizona. Recorded as breeding on San Francisco Mountain, Mount Graham, and the Mogollon, White and Chiricahua mountains. Known to breed also in the Santa Catalina Mountains (F. C. Willard, MS). Remains through the winter in the lower valleys throughout the state. Generally distributed dur- ing the migrations. 350. Polioptila caerulea obscura Ridgway. WESTERN GNATCATCHER. Synonym — Polioptila caerulea. Status — Breeds principally in the Upper Sonoran zone. Definitely re- ported in summer from San Francisco Mountain, Fort Whipple, and the Hualpai Mountains, in the north ; and from the Santa Catalina and Huachuca mountains in southern Arizona. In winter occurs locally in the warmer valleys of southern Arizona (Tucson, etc.), and along the lower Colorado River, from Needles southward. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 79 351. Polioptila plumbea (Baird). PLUMBEOUS GNATCATCHER. Synonyms — Culicrrora plumbea; Polioptila melanura; Polioptila caerulea var. plumbea. Status — Fairly common resident of the Lower Sonoran zone of southern, western, and parts of northern Arizona. Found breeding in all the low valleys south of the Mogollon Divide (Gila, Santa Cruz, San Pedro, etc.), north to Fort Whipple (Coues, i866a, p. 66) and Fort Mohave. Also reported in sum- mer from Keam Canon, in northwestern Arizona (Fisher, 1903, p. 36). As it has been taken at some of the northernmost points of record in Arizona during the winter months, it is probably a permanent resident wherever it is found in the state, though possibly there are slight local migrations. 352. Myadestes townsendi (Audubon). TOWNSEND SOLITAIRE. Synonym — Ptilogonys townsendii. Status — Breeds in the Boreal zone of the San Francisco Mountains (Mer- riam, 1890, p. 101) ; not known to do so elsewhere in Arizona, though it may prove to be a summer visitant in some other of the higher ranges (Mogollon Mountains, White Mountains, etc.). A pair of birds seen in the Huachuca Mountains during June, 1910, under circumstances possibly indicative of their breeding (F. C. Willard, MS). A common migrant in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones, observed at various points in eastern Arizona. Seen in north- ern Arizona in January and February (Kennedy, 1859, p. 25). Has occurred through the winter in the Santa Catalina Mountains (Scott, 1888, p. 167), and in the Dragoon Mountains (Osgoocl, 1903, p. 151). 353. Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola Ridgway. WILLOW THRUSH. Synonym — Turdus fuscescens salicicolus. Status — The only positive record for Arizona is that of a specimen taken by Herbert Brown at Tucson, in May, 1882 (Scott, 1888, p. 167). Breninger (lo/Ha, p. 46) reported one as seen on the Pima Indian Reservation, south of Phoenix, in September [1900?], but the bird was not taken. 354. Hylocichla ustulata ustulata (Nuttall). RUSSET-BACKED THRUSH. Synonyms — Turdus ustitlaius; Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni. Status — Although there are singularly few records of the occurrence of this species in Arizona, it is nevertheless a common migrant in the southern and western parts of the state. The published records are as follows : Santa Rita Mountains, May 17, 1881, one specimen (Brewster, 1882, p. 68) ; Fort Lowell, May 21, 1884, one specimen (Brewster. i8S5a, p. 85) ; Yuma, May, three speci- mens (Morcom, 1887, p. 57) ; Huachuca Mountains, common migrant in the spring (Swarth, 1904!), p. 63). Re-examination of specimens recorded as H. u. i (Swarth, 1. c.) shows them all to be examples of H. u. ustulata. *" PACIFIC COAST \\U.\MNA N... lu 355' Hylocichla gutiata guttata (Pallas). KAIHAK I IKKM IT TIIKHSII. Synonym /'unlit* //(//MM. Ih.'la, i, III, i 11,111,1, I'm, In* /'it I lu^i vai. //(//MM. /'///(//M iinuld*,,!,' . I'm, In* (/. •//(//,/ \, ///,•(/,• Slain'. ..... mi. MI imiM.iiil .in.l \\mlei MMl.iiil in (In- valleys ..ml 1'ixilliil!-. "i -mil, MI Ari/Miia. ami aloni; (he ( 'olorado Uivcr \eide Vallcv, winlri ' \l«-anr.. iS.|! ihnlhciu .m<| eastern Ari/.ona. I las lici-n i<>iin,| hicrdin^ <>n Mmiiil (liahaui i I Iciisliau . iS;.Sl), p. 144), Ilic M«I;.()||I,M M. mm. mi ( Mcains, iS.joa. ,. •( ^ ) , San l-'ranrisru Mi.iin lain ( MCI i lam, iS<)<>, p. 101 ) , and llu- Cliii ii'ahna Monntains il'i-lici. I.M|, \>. Si i. In ilic Santa Catalina Mountains Scott (18850, p. 349) found it very rare but appaicnlU In ••<•• lin^. Ui-poilc.l as .1 inij.;iaiil in lli. |)rai;iioii M.uinlains (().-, }.»•( MM I. i«)<>^. p. 151), and in Ilic llnarhura Moiinlains ( Suartli, n>»).|l), p. (>4), Tlirrr .iic mi rci-onls limn Inr.ililu", in ilic lowlands. 357. Hylociohla guttata nanus (Audubon). I >\\ AUI' I ll'UMIT TlllU'SII. Stains Apparently of rare occurrence in Arizona. The following two re- It inn < .nc ilic oiil\ ones I lia\c si'i'll iclalin:; dclnnlclx |o llii.s siilispcru llnai'lnu-a Moimi.mi-,. one speiMinrn. Apul (>, i « i« \\ ( Suailli. nx>.|l>. p. (>.}). "Santa raiah'i.' \loiuiiains, ( HMohrr 30; . . . l''ort Verde, November 9; I'M. • .on. Jannai \ I ;•" ( l\ id-\\ a\ , l«i< 7, p |j) I'lieicr in I lie M nscnni i >l \ cr|c lirali- /o..|oi;\ a sUin (no i i .; • i l.iKen li\ I (', C'oopc; at l-'orl Mnliavc. Jannai \ .^.sS. Hylociohla guttata slcviiu i.n \lo\ i I.;KI.;\ I 1 1 i; \i i i TlIRl ill Stains \ rare IIIUM anl . u-poiicd onl\ liom (lie llnaclnira and OniH.iliu.i inoiiDiains ( Swarth. Mio.jl). p. (>.| ). ;>•) Planeitious migratorius propinquus (Kidgway). S\noii\nis Tnitln*- ini^i titonn* ; ri,in,-*li,n* nn^i ,it,n in* . I'm, In* /•'//I/A /'/(•/'///(/////.v . !/(•;///,/ mi • /'>(>/'/;/«//<(/ SlatiK I'.rrrd-. emnmonh in nios| ol the hisdi inonnlain ranges «>| ea \ii.-ona \\.\-. lucn icpoiicil in Mimmer lioni Ilic \lo-ollon Monnlanis, San 1'i.iiur.o Miuiiitain. llnarhih.i \lonnl.uns, md the \ienni\ ol I-'DII \\liipplc. \\intcrs in the valleys and lowlands veneialK I'M I I'.IKDS OK AKI/ONA si {(><>. Sialia sialis fulva lirewstei X/nu-i; I 'i ri'.i'.im>. Synonym— Mu I HI *ialis azurea. .Status — Rare in summer in the \\\^\\ ni«»iniiains of extreme ag_uthern Arizona: Santa Rita Mountains, June iS and J<>, |KX.|, three specimens ( P.rewstei , iSH^a, p. S5) ; I liiacluica Mountains (Ridgway, 1907, p. 146). The latter record, ac- . oidin^ lo ml laden received l>\ me limn Mi \\ \\ Cooke, is based upon .1 ipecinien l.ikcii h\ hi. A. k. I'Y.hei, al Kml llnachuca, \pnl v >, i,S.,.-. The specie's is no! n! ir;;iil.ii MI (>|' coniniiin «u-cnrn-in c in nllu-i , i ihc>,c MK nintain ran^rs, ulicic .\ntlui me \ i, nini hninii is tin- » < XIHIK HI In ccdinj; lilncliii d ; in l.n I the aliii\c rivords air llu- only ones known to me, llioii^h (lie iei; li.i l.ccn visited ti I'ljtienlly by collectors. }M. Sialia mexicana bairdi Ridgway. C'lll'.S'l'N UT ItACKI'H I'.I.UI'IIIUI). Synonyms — Sialia occidentals; Siialin nu-.\'imnu ; Sialia >nc.\icana occiden- tal \\. Status — Common resident in lii^h Transition in tlu- mountains of northern and ca>tcrn Arizona, ran.uin^ west to the Mnal|Mi Mountains (Stephens, 1903, p. 105). Also delinilely irpoiled .1 .MMMMIIH '" k-ninini'i on San l('raneiseo Moiii- inn, .mil in the Mogollon, Chiriealuia, Santa CaLalinn, and Huachuca ranges. Of more general di:,ti ihnti-in during the winter: sHI In he tomid iu lh- hn;li la-if.rs ot sonthei-n \II/MIM, hnl in (he valley^ .md plains also, and alonj; the Colorado River. y>2. Sialia currucoidei ( Hechstein). MOUNTAIN HI.HKUIUH. S v nonym — Sialia arctica. Status — A summer visitant of the hi^dn-i mountain n-ntli ••! the Mogollon Divide. Repotted as hiccdin^ in the San l-'iaini co and MOIM ill. >n nioinitains (Mcarns, \y ihc L.wei Colorado River, and in the valley, oj sonthern \ii/.oiia Tucson, San IVdro Ri\ei , eti IIYI'OTIII-.TICAI. LIST i. Colymbus auritui Linnaeus. I IOUNKD Cii.\ toninlns. Status — Known only tnun the records In t .,IK .,| n .... un.ncc on the Col- orado River ( iKfida, p. KM)), and at I'oil ('.rant ( iKnK. p. ,X.p. siateiiH-nts which .in- in.) nUicientlv explicit. PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 2- Ga via pacifica (Lawrence). PACIFIC LOON. Synonyms — Colymbns pacificus; Colymbus arcticus var. pacificus. Status — The only reason for including this species in a list of the birds of Arizona lies in the fact that it is contained in Cones' "List of the Birds of Fort Whipple" (i866a, p. 100). No specific instance of its occurrence is cited, how- ever; in fact he does not even explicitly state that the species was found in the region, and though it may occur in winter on the Colorado River, there is at pres- ent no proof that such is the case. 3. Lams occidentalis Audubon. WESTERN GULL. Status — Recorded as seen commonly in midwinter along the Colorado River from its mouth to a point forty miles south of Yuma (Price, 1899, p. 90). If no mistake was made in identification the species may be found ranging up the river to within the Arizona boundary. 4. Larus heermanni Cassin. HEERMANN GULL. Status — Seen by Rhoads, in winter, on the lower Colorado River, "as far up as Yuma, Arizona" (Stone, 1905, p. 687). The improbability of the occurrence demands the verification of specimens actually secured. 5. Larus atricilla Linnaeus. LAUGHING GULL. Synonym — Chroecocephalus atricilla. Status — "Colorado River, particularly its lower portions. A specimen taken over a hundred miles from any body of water, near the eastern border of the Ter- ritory" (Coues. i866a, p. 99). This is the only Arizona record. 6. Larus franklini Richardson. FRANKLIN GULL. Synonym — Chroecocephalus franklini. Status — "I am under the impression that 1 also saw Ch. franklinii about twenty miles from the river near Fort Mojave" (Coues, i866a, p. 99). 7. Branta bernicla glaucogastra (Brehm). BRANT. Synonym — Bernicla brenta. Status — Mentioned by Coues (1865!;;, p. 538) as occurring on the Gila River, and by Woodhouse (1853, p. 102) as abundant in "New Mexico". Both state- ments seem improbable. 8. Guara rubra (Linnaeus). SCARLET IBIS. Status — Known only from the record of a flock of seven or eight birds, sup- posedly this species, seen at Rillito Creek, near Fort Lowell, September 17, 1890 (Brown, 18993, p. 270). 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 83 9- Creciscus jamaicensis (Gmelin). BLACK RAIL. Synonym — Porsana jamaicensis. Status — Doubtfully recorded from the vicinity of Tucsoti^oji the basis of a bird, believed to be of this species, seen April 23, 1881 (Brewster, 1883, p. 36). 10. Limosa fedoa (Linnaeus). MARBLED GODWIT. Status — A bird supposed to be of this species seen, but not secured, on the San Pedro River, January 27, 1886 (Scott, 1886, p. 386). 11. Limosa haemastica (Linnaeus). HUDSON i AN GODWIT. Status — Its occurrence in the state can not be considered as established by the record of the observation of a bird "probably of this species" (Visher, igiob, p. 280). 12. Totanus flavipes (Gmelin). YELLOWLEGS. Status — One record, of its occurrence near Tucson, in September (Visher, iQiob, p. 280). In the absence of specimens it may be questioned. 13. Charadrius dominicus dominicus Muller. GOLDEN PLOVER. Status — The only record is that of two seen, but not secured, near Tucson (Visher, 19100, p. 281). 14. Columba flavirostris Wagler. RED-BILLED PIGEON. Status — Known only from the record by Bendire (1892, p. 128) of three "birds (not seen by himself) said to have been shot in the foothills of the Graham Mountains, near Fort Grant, July 25, 1886. 15. Gymnogyps californianus (Shaw). CALIFORNIA CONDOR. Synonyms — Cat hart es calif orniamts; Psendogryphus californianus. Status — "Resident in Southern Arizona. Individuals observed at Fort Yuma in September, 1865" (Coues, i866a, p. 42). The statement as to its occurrence in southern Arizona lacks confirmation ; Fort Yuma is on the California side of the river. There are doubtful records of its occurrence in the Santa Catalina Mountains (Rhoads, 1892, p. 114), and at Pierce's Ferry, Colorado River (north- west Arizona), in March, 1881 (Brown, 1899^ p. 272). 16. Sarcoramphus papa (Linnaeus). KING VULTURE. Synonym — Gyparchus papa. Status — The very doubtful records of its occurrence on San Francisco River (Coues, i866a, p. 49), and the Verde River (Coues, i88ib, p. 248) lack con- firmation. 84 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 17- Elanus leucurus (Vieillot). WHITE-TAILED KITE. Status — The only definite record for Arizona is that of F. T. Pember, who claimed to have met with the species near Gila Bend, in April (1892, p. 49). 1 8. Buteo lineatus elegans Cassin. RED-BELLIED HAWK. • Synonym — Buteo elegans. Status — The only record of the occurrence of this species in Arizona is thc.t of a specimen collected by Kennerly and Mollhausen on the Colorado Chiquito, November 17, 1853 (Baird, 1858, p. 28). According to information received by me from Mr. W. W. Cooke it is not now to be found in the National Museum collection, although entered in the catalogue, with data as given above. Under the circumstances the species may be excluded from the regular list until the oc- currence can be confirmed. 19. Xenopicus albolarvatus (Cassin). WHITE-HEADED WOODPECKER. Status — The alleged occurrence of this species in the Santa Catalina Moun- tains (Yisher, I9iob, p. 282) seems doubtful. 20. Otocoris alpestris praticola Henshaw. PRAIRIE HORNED LARK. Status — One specimen recorded from Fort Verde, in winter (Oberholser, 1902, p. 825). The possibility presents itself of this bird being an individual ex- treme of some one of the several races regularly frequenting the region, or an inter- grade between two of them, rather than belonging to the race to which it has been referred. In treating slightly differentiated subspecies of such a variable species it seems unsafe to assert such an extraordinary extension of range on such slender evidence. 21. Agelaius phoeniceus californicus Nelson. BICOLORED RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD. Synonym — Agelaius gubernutor californicns. Status — Straggling east to western Arizona (A. O. U. Check-List, 1910, p. 235). According to information received by me from Mr. W. W. Cooke, this statement is based upon a specimen found dead July 6, 1907, by Mr. Vernon Bailey, at Casa Grande. I ntergradation between this form and ncutralis has been demonstrated, and the possibility suggests itself of the supposed specimen of californicus being really an individual extreme of ncutralis, a common species in the region. The occurrence of californicus, apparently a non-migratory form, so far from the normal boundaries of its range, should receive the strongest pos- sible verification. 22. Wilsonia pusilla pusilla (Wilson). WILSON WARBLER. Status — According to Ridgway (1902, p. 710) this species is "occasional during migration in ... Arizona (Tucson, May: Fort Whipple, May)". 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 85 23. Regulus satrapa satrapa Lichtenstein. GOLDEN-CROWNED KFNGLET. Synonym — Regulus satrapa olivaceus. Status — Most of the statements relative to the occurrence of this species in Arizona can be traced back to Woodhouse's casual mention of birds seen on San Francisco Mountain (1853, pp. 67, 68). In the absence of specimens, and of sub- sequent confirmation by other observers, it seems best to exclude the species from the regular list. A recent record from the Santa Catalina Mountains, in July (Rhoads, 1892, p. 125), can not be considered as satisfactory, as specimens were not secured. 24. Ixoreus naevius naevius (Gmelin). VARIED THRUSH. Synonym — Tnrdus naevius. Status — Said to have been obtained by Lieut. Ives' expedition on the Colorado River between Forts Mohave and Yuma ( Baird, 1861. p. 5). This may or may not have been on the Arizona side of the river, and on this account alone the spe- cies may be omitted from the Arizona list. At most it can be but an exceedingly rare straggler into the region. AN ANALYSIS OF THE AVIFAUNA OF ARIZONA From the foregoing data the birds occurring in the state of Arizona may be divided into the following classes: Resident 152 Summer visitant 72 Winter visitant 57 Transient 30 Of casual occurrence 51 giving a total of 362 species and subspecies found within the state. RESIDENT SPECIES 1. Mergus americanus 20. 2. Anas platyrhynchos 21. 3. Chaulelasmus streperus 22. 4. Mareca americana 23. 5. Querquedula discors 24. 6. Querquedula cyanoptera 25. 7. Spatula clypeata 26. 8. Dafila acuta 27. 9. Erismatura jamaicensis 28. 10. Botanrus lentiginosus 29. 11. Ardea herodias treganzai 30. 12. Butorides virescens anthonyi 31. 13. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius 32. 14. Grus mexicana 33. 15. Porzana Carolina 34. 16. Gallinula galeata 35. 17. Fulica americana 36. 18. Actitis macularius 19. Oxyechus vociferus 38. Colinus ridgwayi Callipepla squamata Lophortyx gambeli Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi Dendragapus obscurus obscurus Meleagris gallopavo merriami Columba fasciata fasciata Zenaidura macroura marginella Chaemepelia passerina pallescens Scardafella inca Cathartes aura septentrionalis Circus hudsonius Accipiter velox Accipiter cooperi Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi Buteo borealis calurus Buteo abbreviatus Urubitinga anthracina Aqtiila chrysaetos 86 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 39. Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus 97. 40. Falco mexicanus 98. 41. Falco peregrinus anatum 99. 42. Falco fusco-caerulescens 100. 43. Falco sparverius sparverius 101. 44. Polyborus cheriway 102. 45. Aluco pratincola 103. 46. Strix occidentalis huachucae 47. Cryptoglaux acadica acadica 104. 48. Otus asio cineraceus 49. Otus asio gilmani 105. 50. Bubo virginianus pallescens 106. 51. Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea 107. 52. Glaucidium gnoma pinicola 108. 53. Glaucidium phaloenoides 109. 54. Micropallas whitneyi 110. 55. Geococcyx calif ornianus 111. 56. Dryobates villosus leucothorectis 112. 57. Dryobates pubescens homorus 113. 58. Dryobates scalaris cactophilus 114. 59. Dryobates arizonae 115. 60. Picoides americanus dorsalis 116. 61. Sphyrapicus thyroideus 117. 62. Melanerpes formicivorus aculeatus 118. 63. Asyndesmus lewisi 119. 64. Centurus uropygialis • 120. 65. Colaptes cafer collaris 121. 66. Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi 122. 67. Phalaenoptilus nuttalli nuttalli 123. 68. Aeronautes melanoleucus 124. 69. Calypte costae 125. 70. Tyrannus vociferans 126. 71. Myiarchus cinerascens 127. 72. Sayornis sayus 128. 73. Sayornis nigricans 129. 74. Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus 130. 75. Otocoris alpestris adusta 131. 76. Otocoris alpestris pallida 132. 77. Otocoris alpestris occidentalis 133. 78. Cyanocitta stelleri diademata 134. 79. Aphelocoma woodhousei 135. 80. Aphelocoma sieberi arizonae 136. 81. Perisoreus canadensis capitalis 137. 82. Corvus corax sinuatus 138. 83. Corvus cryptoleucus 139. 84. Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis 140. 85. Nucifraga columbiana 141. 86. Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus 142. 87. Molothrus ater obscurus 143. 88. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus 144. 89. Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis 145. 90. Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis 146. 91. Sturnella magna hoopesi 147. 92. Sturnella neglecta 148. 93. Euphagus cyanocephalus 149. 94. Hesperiphona vespertina montana 150. 95. Carpodacus cassini 151. 96. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis 152. Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Passer domesticus Astragalinus tristis pallidus Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus Spinus pinus Pooecetes gramineus conrtnis Passerculus sandwichensis nevaden- sis Ammodramus savannarum bimacu- latus Chondestes grammacus strigatus Spizella passerina arizonae Spizella breweri Junco phaeonotus palliatus Junco phaeonotus dorsalis Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Aimophila carpalis Aimophila ruficeps scotti Melospiza melodia saltonis Pipilo maculatus montanus Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus Pipilo aberti Cardinalis cardinalis superbus Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata Phainopepla nitens Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Vireo huttoni stephensi Peucedramus olivaceus Dendroica auduboni auduboni Cinclus mexicanus unicolor Mimus polyglottos leucopterus Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri Toxostoma bendirei Toxostoma lecontei iecontei Toxostoma crissale Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus Catherpes mexicanus conspersus Thryomanes bewicki eremophilus Troglodytes aedon parkmani Telmatodytes palustris plesius Certhia familiaris montana Sitta carolinensis nelsoni Sitta canadensis Sitta pygmaea pygmaea Bacolophus inornatus griseus Baeolophus wollweberi Penthestes sclateri Penthestes gambeli gambeli Psaltriparus plumbeus Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps Regulus calendula calendula Polioptila caerulea obscura Polioptila plumbea Myadestes townsendi Planesticus migratorius propinquus Sialia mexicana bairdi Sialia rurrucoides 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 87 These species are resident in the sense that the available data seems to show that they occur somewhere in the state at all times of the year. Many of them arc truly migratory, and, in making altitudinal migrations, spend the summer ?.nd win- ter in as widely different surroundings as if they had travelled instead over the length of the continent. Some are almost entirely restricted to the warm valleys of the lower parts of the Colorado and Gila rivers during the winter. From the list of residents may be selected the following species which are probably to be found over the same grounds the year through, though some of them may, in fall and winter, spread out over a somewhat wider territory. Colinus ridgwayi Passer domesticus Callipepla squamata Junco p. palliatus Lophortyx gambeli Junco p. dorsalis Cyrtonyx m. mearnsi Aimophila r. scotti Dendragapus o. obscurus Melospiza m. saltonis Meleagris g. merriami Pipilo m. montanus Bnteo b. calurus Pipilo f. mesoleucus Bubo v. pallescens Pipilo aberti Speotyto c. hypogaea Vireo h. stephenst Geococcyx californianus Toxostoma c. palmeri Dryobates v. leucothorectis Toxostoma bendirei Dryobates s. cactophilus Toxostoma 1. lecontei Dryobates arizonae Toxostoma crissale Picoides a. dorsalis Heleodytes b. couesi Centurus uropygialis Salpinctes o. obsoletus Colaptes c. mearnsi Catherpes m. conspersus Otocoris a. adusta Thryomanes b. eremophilus Otocoris a. pallida Sitta p. pygmaea Cyanocitta s. diademata Baeolophus wollweberi Aphelocoma woodhousei Psaltriparus plumbeus Aphelocoma s. arizonae Auriparus f. flaviceps Perisoreus c. capitalis Polioptila plumbea SUMMER VISITANTS 1. Colymbus nigricollis californicus 19. Basilinna leucotis 2. Plegadis guarauna 20. Cynanthus latirostris 3. Mycteria americana (not known to 21. Tyrannus verticalis breed) 22. Myiodynastes luteiventris 4. Melopelia asiatica trudeaui 23. Myiarchus magister magister 5. Buteo albicaudatus sennetti 24. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens 6. Buteo swainsoni 25. Nuttallornis borealis 7. Asturina plagiata 26. Myiochanes pertinax pallidiventris 8. Otus trichopsis 27. Myiochanes richardsoni richardsoni 9. Otus flammeolus 28. Empidonax difficilis difficilis 10. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis 29. Empidonax trailli trailli 11. Trogon ambiguus 30. Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus 12. Antrostomus vociferus macromystax 31. Camptostoma imberbe 13. Chordeiles virginianus henryi 32. Tangavius aeneus aeneus 14. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis 33. Icterus parisorum 15. Eugenes fulgens 34. Icterus cucullatus nelsoni 16. Cyanolaemus clemencise 35. Icterus bullocki 17. Archilochus alexandri 36. Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys 18. Selasphorus platycercus 37. Spizella atrogularis 88 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 38. Peucaea botterii 56. 39. Peucaea cassini 57. 40. Zamelodia melanocephala melanocephala 58. 41. Guiraca caerulea lazula 59. 42. Passerina amoena 60. 43. Piranga ludoviciana 61. 44. Piranga hepatica 62. 45. Piranga rubra cooperi 63. 46. Progne subis subis 64. 47. Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons 65. 48. Petrochelidon lunifrons melanogastra 66. 49. Hirundo erythrogastra 67. 50. Tachycineta thalassina lepida 68. 51. Riparia riparia 69. 52. Stelgidopteryx serripennis 70. 53. Vireosylva gilva swainsoni 71. 54. Lanivireo solitarius plumbeus 72. 55. Vireo belli arizonae Vireo vicinior Vermivora luciae Vermivora virginiae Vermivora celata celata Dendroica aestiva sonorana Dendroica auduboni nigrifrons Dendroica graciae Dendroica nigrescens Oporornis tolmiei Geothlypis trichas scirpicola Icteria virens longicauda Wilsonia pusilla pileolata Setophaga picta Cardellina rubrifrons Certhia familiaris albescens Hylocichla guttata auduboni Sialia sialis fulva For comments upon the species included in this list see beyond, under the discussion of the composition of the avifauna of the different life zones within the state. WINTER VISITANTS 1. Aechmophorus occidentalis 30. 2. Podilymbus pbdiceps 31. 3. Gavia immer 32. 4. Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus 33. 5. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos 34. 6. Mergus serrator 35. 7. Nettion carolinense 36. 8. Marila americana 37. 9. Marila valisineria 38. 10. Marila marila 39. 11. Marila affinis 40. 12. Charitonetta albeola 41. 13. Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus 42. 14. Anser albifrons gambeli 43. 15. Branta canadensis canadensis 44. 16. Branta canadensis hutchinsi 45. 17. Dendrocygna bicolor 46. 18. Olor columbianus 47. 19. Grus canadensis 48. 20. Rallus virginianus 21. Recurvirostra americana 50. 22. Gallinago delicata 51. 23. Pisobia minutilla 24. Ereunetes mauri 25. Podasocys montanus 54. 26. Archibuteo ferrugineus 27. Falco columbarius columbarius 56. 28. Asio wilsonianus 29. Asio flammeus Ceryle alcyon Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis Otocoris alpestris leucolaema Agelaius phoeniceus fortis Astragalinus lawrencei Calcarius ornatus Rhynchophanes mccowni Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus Ammodramus bairdi Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli Junco hyemalis hyemalis Junco oreganus thurberi Junco oreganus shufeldti Junco mearnsi Junco caniceps Amphispiza nevadensis nevadensis Melospiza melodia fallax Melospiza lincolni lincolni Passerella iliaca schistacea Pipilo maculatus curtatus Oreospiza chlorura Calamospiza melanocorys Bombycilla cedrorum Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Anthus rubescens Oreoscoptes montanus Hylocichla guttata guttata Hylocichla guttata namis 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA Most of these are migratory species which spend the summer at varying dis- tances directly to the northward, and it is to be expected, of course, that they should occur in winter in this state. The occurrence of Jnnco o. thurberi and Hylocichla g. nanus is further evidence of the existence of a_ migration route across the deserts to the westward, as shown by the various Pacific Coast birds mi- grating through Arizona. TRANSIENT SPECIES 1. Herodias egretta 2. Egretta candidissima candidissima 3. Steganopus tricolor 4. Himantopus mexicanus 5. Pisobia bairdi 6. Totanus melanoleucus 7. Helodromas solitarius cinnamomeus 8. Numenius americanus 9. Aegialitis semipalmata 10. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis 11. Chaetura vauxi 12. Selasphorus rufus 13. Stellula calliope 14. Empidonax hammondi 15. Empidonax wrighti 16. Empidonax griseus 17. Spizella pallida 18. Passerina ciris 19. Spiza americana 20. Iridoprocne bicolor 21. Lanivireo solitarius cassini 22. Vermivora nibricapilla gutturalis 23. Vermivora celata lutescens 24. Dendroica aestiva brewsteri 25. Dendroica townsendi 26. Dendroica occidentalis 27. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis 28. Wilsonia pusilla chryseola 29. Hylocichla ustulata ustulata 30. Hylocichla guttata slevini The thirty species listed above occu'r, as far as we know, merely as migrants, passing through Arizona on their way to and from their breeding grounds, neither nesting nor wintering anywhere within the state. Twelve of these species spend the summer on the Pacific coast in California or farther north, and their abundance during the migrations indicates the presence of a well defined migra- tion route from southeast Arizona almost due westward and across the inter- vening deserts. These species are : Chaetura raiLri, Selasphorus rufus, Stellula calliope, Empidonax hammondi, Lanivireo s. cassini, Vermivora r. gutturalis, Vermivora c. lutescens, Dendroica tozimsendi, Dendroica occidentalis, Wilsonia p. chryseola, Hylocichla u. ustulata, and Hylocichla g. slevini. Five of the species listed breed in the far north, and pass through Arizona in the course of a direct north and south migration. These are : Pisobia bairdi, Totanus melanoleucus, Helodromas s. cinnamomeus, Aegialitis semipalmata, Seiurus n. notabilis. Four other species breeding at nearer points north of Arizona, and hence following the same migration route through the state, are: Steganopus tricolor, Himantopus ine.ricanus, Numenius americanus, Dendroica a. brewsteri. S'pisella pallida, Passerina ciris, and Spiza americana are species from regions east of Arizona whose manner of occurrence, usually in the late summer, is apparently indicative of established migration routes. Of the remaining six species on the list of migrants. Herodias egretta, Egretta c. candidissima, Pandion h. carolinensls, Hmpidona.v zvrighti, Hmpidona.r griseus, and Iridoprocne bicolor, it may be that some or all will be found breeding within the state, but the data available at the present time shows their presence only during the period of migration. 90 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 1. Gavia stellata 2. Larus delawarensis 3. Larus Philadelphia 4. Sterna forsteri 5. Sterna hirundo 6. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis 7. Phaethon aethereus 8. Anhinga anhinga 9. Lophodytes cucullatus 10. Clangula clangula americana 11. Dendrocygna autumnalis 12. Ixobrychus exilis 13. Rallus levipes 14. Coturnicops noveboracensis 15. lonornis martinicus 16. Lobipes lobattts 17. Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus 18. Pelidna alpina sakhalina 19. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus 20. Bartramia longicauda 21. Astur atricapillus atricapillus 22. Archibuteo lagopus sanctijohannis 23. Falco columbarius richardsoni 24. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha 25. Crotophaga sulcirostris 26. SPECIES OF CASUAL OCCURRENCE 27. Melanerpes erythroccphalus 28. Calypte anna 29. Selasphorus alleni 30. Atthis heloisa morcomi 31. Calolhorax lucifer 32. Uranomitra salvini 33. Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris 34. Pica pica hudsonia 35. Carpodacus purpureus californicus 36. Passerculus rostrativo rostrntus 37. Snizella monticola ochracea 38. Junco montanus 39. Melospiza melodia merrilli 40. Zamelodia ludoviciana 41. Passerina versicolor pulchra 42. Bombycilla garrula 43. Lanius borealis 44. Vireosylva olivacea 45. Protonotaria citrea 46. Dendroica coronata 47. Dendroica virens 48. Setophaga ruticilla 49. Toxostoma rufum 50. Nannus hiemalis pacificus 51. Hvlocichla fnscescens salicicola Ceryle americana septentrionalis That this list is of such length is undoubtedly largely due to the defective data at our command : and many of the species included may prove to be of fairly com- mon, or at any rate regular, occurrence, at some season of the year. Of certain of them, however, the individuals taken were evidently beyond the normal bounds of the species. These are: Phaethon ncthcrcns, Rallus levipes, Crotophaga sulcirostris, Ceryle a. septentrionalis, Melanerpes erythrocephaJus, Platypsaris a. albiventris, Zamelodia ludoviciaua, Passerina v. pnlchra, Lanius borealis. Vireosylva olivacea, Protonotaria citrea, Dendroica rirens, Setophaga ruticilla, To.vostoma rufiun, Nannus h. pacificus, Hylocichla f. salicicolus. Each of the above is admitted to the state list of birds on the basis of the capture of at least one specimen, but it is not to be expected that the species prove to be of regular occurrence. Two others, Calypte anna and Selasphorus alleni, have occurred with sufficient frequency to have entitled them, perhaps, to a place in the category of migrants, but the present definition seems to best express their manner of occurrence, late summer wanderers, and not travelers to a determined destination. SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE LOWER SON OR AN ZONE SUMMER VISITANT 10. Tangavius a. aeneus 11. Icterus c. nelsoni 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Melopelia a. trudeaui Buteo a. sennetti Buteo swainsoni Asturina plagiata Chordeiles a. texensis Tyrannus verticalis Myiarchus m. magister Empidonax t. trailli Camptostnma imberbe Peucaea botterii Peucaea cassini Guiraca c. lazula Piranga r. cooperi Vireo b. arizonae Vermivora luciae Dendroica n. sonorana LOWER SONORAN fl'PER SONORAX TRANSITION LIFE ZONES OF ARIZONA 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 91 1. Colinus ridgwayi 2. Callipepla squamata 3. Lophortyx gambeli 4. Chaemepelia p. pallescens 5. Scardafella inca. 6. Parabuteo u. harrisi 7. Falco fusco-caerulescens 8. Polyborus cheriway 9. Otus a. gilmani 10. Speotyto c. hypogaea 11. Glaucidium phaloenoides 12. Micropallas whitneyi 13. Geococcyx californianus 14. Dryobates s. cactophilus 15. Centurus uropygialis 16. Colaptes c. mearnsi 17. Calypte costae 18. Sayornis sayus 19. Pyrocephalus r. mexicanus RESIDENT 20. Otocoris a. adusta 21. Otocoris a. pallida 22. Corvus cryptoleuctts - 23. Molothrus a. obscurus 24. Amphispiza b. deserticola 25. Aimophila carpalis 26. Melospiza m. saltonis 27. Pipilo aberti 28. Cardinalis c. superbus 29. Pyrrhuloxia s. sinuata 30. Phainopepla nitens .31. Toxostoma c. palmeri 32. Toxostoma bendirei 33. Toxostoma 1. lecontei 34. Toxostoma crissale 35. Heleodytes b. couesi 36. Auriparus f. flaviceps 37. Polioptila plumbea The Lower Sonoran zone occupies a larger portion of the state than any other of the faunal subdivisions. It includes the vast desert area of western Ari- zona, and extends as long, narrow ribbons far up the valleys of the Gila River and its tributaries, and along- the Colorado River to, and including, the desert of the Little Colorado River, in the northeastern corner of the state. In these Lower Sonoran valleys of Arizona many of the distinctive southwestern desert types attain their greatest development. The group of thrashers is a good ex- ample of this class ; while there are distinctive low zone species of doves, quails, and woodpeckers, several species of each, with great abundance of individuals. The various associations found within the Lower Sonoran zone present com- binations of species quite as distinctive as those inhabiting different zones. Among these may be mentioned the association of the mesquite-bordered streams, in which are found the White-winged Dove, Vermilion Flycatcher, Crissal Thrasher, Lucy Warbler, Sonoran Yellow Warbler and Verdin ; that of the giant cactus, with the Sahuaro Screech Owl, Elf Owl, Gilded Flicker, and Arizona Crested Flycatcher; and that of the creosote and cholla cactus covered mesa, with the Black-throated Sparrow, Palmer, Bendire and Leconte thrashers, Cactus Wren, Plumbeous Gnatcatcher and Texas Nighthawk. These lists, of course, are not at all complete, but include merely some of the most conspicuous and typical birds of each association. The subject is deserving of careful study, such as cannot be attempted in this connection, and should include consideration of the mammals and reptiles of the regions as well as of the birds. Many of the correlations noted even in a cursory survey of the available data, are extremely interesting. SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE UPPER SONORAN ZONE SUMMER VISITANT 1. Cynanthus latirostris 2. Myiarchus 1. olivascens .v Myiochanes r. richardsoni 4. Icterus parisorum 5. Vireosylva g. swainsoni 6. Virco vicinior 92 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 RESIDENT 1. Otus a. cineraceus 2. Dryobates arizonae 3. Melanerpes f. aculeatus 4. Tyrannus vociferans 5. Aphelocoma woodhousei 6. Aphelocoma s. arizonae 7. Aimophila r. scotti 8. Vireo h. stephensi 9. Baeolophus i. griseus 10. Baeolophus wollweberi 11. Polioptila c. obscura The Upper Sonoran zone occupies a comparatively limited area in the state, and the list of birds confined to it solely is a short one. In southern Arizona this zone is in few places of greater width than is comprised in the belt of live-oak- covered foothills between the higher mountains and the valleys below. Of the seventeen species listed as peculiar to this zone, eleven are preeminently birds of this live-oak association, as follows : Otus J. cineraceus, Dryobates arizonae, Melanerpes f. aculeatus, Tyrannus vociferans, Myiarchus I. olivascens, Aphelo- coma ivoodhousei, Aphelocoma s. arizonae, Vireo h. stephensi, Baeolophus i. griseus, Baeolophus ivollzueberi, Polioptila c. obscura. Of the remaining six, Cynanthus latirostris, Myiochanes r. richardsoni, and Vireosylva g. swainsoni are to a great extent denizens of the sycamores along the canon streams in the foothills, Icterus parisorum and Aimophila ruficeps scotti frequent the agave and scrub-oak covered hillsides, while Vireo licinior is in the denser brush of the same region. SPECIES IN THE TRANSITION ZONE AND HIGHER, MORE NEARLY RELATED TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FAUNA TO THE NORTH WARD 1. Chordeiles v. henryi 2. Nuttallornis borealis 3. Zonotrichia 1. leucophrys 4. Zamelodia m. melanocephala 5. Piranga ludoviciana 6. Tachycineta t. lepida 7. Lanivireo s. plumbeus 1. Dendragapus o. obscurus 2. Columba f. fasciata 3. Aquila chrysaetos 4. Strix o. huachucae 5. Cryptoglaux a. acadica 6. Glaucidium g. pinicola 7. Dryobates v. leucothorectis 8. Picoides a. dorsalis 9. Sphyrapicus thyroideus 10. Cyanocitta s. diademata 11. Perisoreus c. capitalis 12. Nucifraga columbiana 13. Hesperiphona v. montana 14. Carpodacus cassini SUMMER VISITANT 8. Vermivora virginiae 9. Dendroica a. auduboni 10. Dendroica gracise 11. Dendroica nigrescens 12. Wilsonia p. pileolata 13. Hylocichla g. auduboni RESIDENT 15. Loxia c. Strickland! 16. Spinus pinus 17. Pipilo m. montanus 18. Troglodytes a. parkmani 19. Certhia f. montana 20. Sitta canadensis 21. Sitta p. pygmaea 22. Penthestes g. gambeli 23. Regulus c. calendula 24. Myadestes townsendi 25. Planesticus m. propinquus 26. Sialia m. bairdi 27. Sialia currucoides 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 9.? SPECIES ix THE TRANSITION ZONE AND HIGHER, MORE NEARLY RELATED TO THE MEXICAN PLATEAU FAUNA TO THE SOUTHWARD. SUMMER VISITANT 1. Otus trichopsis 8. Myiochanes p. pallidivenfns 2. Otus flammeolus 9. Empidonax f. pygmaeus 3. Trogon ambiguus 10. Piranga hepatica 4. Antrostomus v. macromystax 11. Dendroica a. nigrifrons 5. Eugenes fulgens 12. Setophaga picta 6. Cyanolaemus clemenciae 13. Cardellina rubrifrons 7. Myiodynastes luteiventris 14. Certhia f. albescens RESIDENT 1. Cyrtonyx m. montezumae 4. Junco p. dorsalis 2. Meleagris g. merriami 5. Peucedramus olivaceus 3. Junco p. palliatus 6. Penthestes sclateri Dividing the sixty species occurring in the Transition zone and higher into two groups we find that there are forty which are the same as, or closely related to, species occurring to the northward, in the Rocky Mountains or in the Sierra Nevada of California, and twenty which 3 re the same as, or most closely related to, Mexican forms. Many of the first mentioned group find their southern limit in northern or central Arizona, some extend to southern Arizona, and about half the list occur southward onto the plateau region of northern Mexico. A division of this group Into summer visitants and residents results in thirteen of the former and twenty- seven of the latter. From these relative numbers it is evident that the birds of the high mountains of northern and central Arizona are mostly species at the southernmost extension of their range-, indicating, in fact, the southern limit of the Rocky Mountain avifauna. Now turning to the species of Mexican affinities we find conditions reversed, in that of the twenty forms listed, fourteen are summer visitants, while only six are resident. These birds, of tropical derivation, are here at their northernmost limits, and but a small proportion of them can endure the winter climate of this latitude. Of the fourteen summer visitants all but one extend only into the south- ern half of Arizona, many of them but an extremely short distance north of the southern boundary of the state. A great difference in the bird life of the higher zones of northern and southern Arizona is that while in the former region a great part of the popula- tion is resident, in the latter most of the species depart during the winter months. The highest parts of the mountains of southern Arizona are noticeably deficient of bird life in winter, and many of the birds seen at this time belong to species nesting farther north in the state, which occur here in winter only. In general it may be said of the avifauna of the high mountains of Arizona, that the ranges of the northern part of the state are more nearly like the Rocky Mountains to the northward, and the northern Sierra Nevada, while the southern mountain chains bear a somewhat closer resemblance to the mountains of south- ern California. In the northern and central parts of the state we find such species as Dendragapus obscnrus, Picoides a. dorsalis, Perisoreus c. capitalis, Zonotrichia 94 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 leucophrys and Hylocichla g. audnboni. While the distinctive feature of the southern mountain chains is, of course, the strikingly large element of Mexican species, many of them distinctly subtropical, such as Cyrtonyx m. mearnsi, Dry- obatcs arisonae, Peucedramus olivaceus, Cardellina riibrifrons, Trogon ambi- guus, and the numerous species of hummingbirds, there are besides these, many others closely related to southern California forms. In this class may be men- tioned Strix o. huachncae, Melanerpes f. aculeatus, Aimophila r. scotti, Pipilo f. mcsoleucus, Vireo h. stephensi, Sitta pygmaea, and Baeolophus i. griseus. Of these the Strix, Aimophila, and Vireo are of peculiar interest, for although but slightly distinguished from their California relatives, the habitats of the Pacific Coast and Arizona representatives are so widely separated that there is no possi- bility of their joining at any point. These birds must be treated as subspecies rather than species on the ground of the slight degree of difference between the races, for they are resident wherever they occur, and from the manner in which they are isolated in comparatively limited areas of Upper Sonoran and Transition in the vast surrounding extent of Lower Sonoran desert, there is no possibility of continuity of range with their closest allies. To sum up, it thus appears that the bird life of the higher mountains of Ari- zona is a rather curious composite, of more northern Rocky Mountain forms ex- tending southward, and of the southern, Mexican plateau forms extending north- ward, the two faunas meeting, and to a certain extent interdigitating. Added to these are other species, probably of southern derivation, closely allied to Pacific Coast races but entirely isolated from them. Somewhat similar conclusions were reached by Mearns in a paper on the avifauna of the mountains of central Arizona ( 1890, pp. 45-50) , but with an assumption of more continuous connection of the Arizona mountains with the Sierras of central California than seems to exist. BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST OF PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO ARIZONA ORNITHOLOGY The titles are arranged chronologically. Under each year the authors are entered in alphabetical order, and the works of each listed chronologically in or- der of publication. The brief explanatory notes appended aim to assist to a clear idea of the scope and character of a book or paper when such is not apparent from the title, and also to call attention to any point of particular interest in con- nection with the present publication. 1843. Gambel, W. Descriptions of some new and rare Birds of the Rocky Mountains and California. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1843, PP- 259-262. Woodhouse, S. W. Report of an Expedition down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers, by Captain L. Sitgreaves, Corps Topographical Engineers. Accom- panied by Maps, Sketches, Views, and Illustrations. Washington: Robert Armstrong, Public Printer. 1853. 8vo, pp. 1-198, 77 pis., map. > Birds. By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D. Pp. 58-105, pis. I, III-VI. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA •« 1854. Baird, S. F. Descriptions of New Birds collected between Albuquerque, N. M., and San Francisco, California, during the Winter of 1853-54, by Dr. C. B. R. Kennedy and H. B. Mollhausen, naturalists attached to the survey of the Pacific R. R. Route, under Lt. A. W. Whipple. < Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June, 1854, pp. 118-120. Cypselus ( = Aeronaut es) melanoleucus; Culicivora ( = Polioptila) plumbed, Psaltriu ( = Psaltriparus) plnmbeus; Carpodacus casfini; Zonotrichia fallax ( = Me- lospisa melodia fallax) ; Pipilo mesoleucus; Centurus uropygialis; all described from localities in Arizona. 1854. Heermann, A. L. Additions to North American Ornithology, with de- scriptions of new species of the genera Actidurus, Podiceps and Podylymbus. Part VI. Report on the Zoology of the Expedition. No. i. Field Notes and Explanations. By C. B. R. Kennerly, M. D., Physician and Naturalist to the Expedition. Pp. 1-17. 1858. Baird, S. F., Cassin, J., and Lawrence, G. N. Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. IX, 1858. Explorations and Surveys for a Railroad Route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. War Department. Birds : By Spen- cer F. Baird. Assistant Secretary Smithsonian Institution. With the co- operation of John Cassin and George N. Lawrence. Washington, D. C., 1858. Pp. Hvi, 1-1005. 1859. Baird, S. F. Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, made under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, by William H. Emory, Major First Cavalry and United States Commissioner. Vol. II. Washington, 1859. > P&rt H, Zoology of the Boundary. > Birds of the Boundary, by Spencer F. Baird. Pp. 1-32, 25 pis. 1859. Heermann, A. L. Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol X, 1859. > Route near the thirty-second parallel, from the Rio Grande to the Pimas Villages, etc. > No. i. Report upon Birds collected on the Survey. By A. L. Heermann, M. D. Pp. 9-20 + n, 3 pis. 1859. Kennerly, C. B. R. Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. X, 1859. > Part VI. Route near the thirty-fifth parallel, explored by Lieutenant A. W. Whipple, topographical engineers, in 1853 and 1854. > no. 3. Report on Birds col- lected on the Route. Pp. 19-35, u pis. 1861. Baird, S. F. Report upon the Colorado River of the West, Explored in 1857 and 1858 by Lieutenant Joseph C. Ives, Corps of Topographical Engi- neers, Under the Direction of the Office of Explorations and Surveys, A. A. Humphreys, Captain Topographical Engineers, in Charge. By Order of the Secretary of War. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1861. > V. Zoology. By Professor S. F. Baird. Pp. 1-6. > List of Birds collected on the Colorado Expedition. Pp. 5-6. % PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 1861. Cooper, J. G. New California Animals. App. Ii, 12, pp. 139-166. > "Notes upon the ornithology of the regions traversed", pp. 149-150; ''Annotated list of the birds of Arizona'', pp. 153-166. The list of the birds includes 294 species (erroneously numbered 291). Of these twelve are now considered not to occur in Arizona, leaving 282 species, as compared with 362 now accredited to the state. i875b. Henshaw, H. W. Report upon the Ornithological Collections made in portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, during the years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. -—Rep. Geog. Surv. West looth Merid. by George M. Wheeler, 1875, vol. V, chapter III, pp. 120, 131- 507, 977-989, Pis. I-XV. 1877. Lawrence, G. N. Note on Doricha enicura (Fieill.}. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, II, 1877, pp. 108-109. The specimen of hummingbird from Arizona recorded by Henshaw (1875a, p. 162) as Doric ha enicura proves to be a female of Calothorax htcifcr. 1877. Sharpe, R. B. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Coliomorphae, Containing the Families Corvidae, Paradiseidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, and Prionopidae. =Cat. Birds, III, 1877, pp. i-xiii, 1-343, pis. I-XIV, many figs, in text. 1878. Brewer, T. M. Notes on Junco cav.iccps and the Closely Allied Forms. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, III, 1878, pp. 72-75. Contains descriptions of the eggs of Junco cinercus ( — Junco phaeonotus palliatus] and Junco dorsalis ( = Jimco phaeonotus dorsalis} from Arizona. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 99 1878. Coues, E. Birds of the Colorado Valley. A repository of Scientific and Popular Information concerning North American Ornithology. = Miscel- laneous Publications No. n. U. S. Geol. Snrv. of the Terr. Washington, 1878. 8vo., pp. i-xvi, 1-807, 66 figs, in text. 1878. Stephens, F. Notes on a few Birds observed in New Mexico and Arizona in 1876. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, III, 1878, pp. 92-94. Observations on twenty species, generally without exact localities given. Mr. Stephens has informed me that the region covered was in the vicinity of Fort Bayard, New Mexico, and in southeastern Arizona (Fort Bowie, San Pedro River, and Tucson). 18793. Brewer, T. M. The Cow-Blackbird of Texas and Arizona (Molothrus obscums). < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, IV, 1879, p. 123. Regarding the size of the eggs. i879b. Brewer, T. M. Notes on the Nests and Eggs of the Eight North Am- erican Species of Empidonaces. < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., II, 1879, pp. i -10. E. obscurus from Arizona, but the identification is questionable. 1 88 1 a. Brewster, W. Notes on Some Birds from Arizona and New Mexico, with a Description of a Supposed New Whip-poor-will. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, 1881, pp. 65-73. Seventeen species mentioned. i88ib. Brewster, W. On the Affinities of Certain Polioptilae, with a Descrip- tion of a New Species. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, 1881, pp. 101-107. Polioptila phtmbca and P. melanura shown to be the same species, while the Cali- fornia bird is described under the name of Polioptila californica. i88ic. Brewster, W. Additions to the Avi-fauna of the United States. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, 1881, p. 252. Parus meridionalis ( — Penthestes sclateri) from the Chiricahua Mountains; Myiarchus cooperi ( = Myiarchus magister magister) from Fort Lowell ; and Myi- archus lawrencei ( :z= M. 1. olivascens) from the Santa Rita Mountains. r88i. Bryant, W. E. Nest and Eggs of the Painted Flycatcher (Setophaga picta). < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, 1881, pp. 176-177. Descriptions of nests and eggs taken by Mr. Herbert Brown in the Santa Rita Mountains in June, 1880. i88ia. Coues, E. A Curious Colaptes. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, 1881, p. 183. i88ib. Coues, E. Probable Occurrence of Sarcorhamphus papa in Arizona. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, 1881, p. 248. A pair of birds supposed to be of this species, killed on the Verde River, but not preserved. i88ia. Holterhoff, E.. Jr. A Collector's Notes on the Breeding of a Few West- ern Birds. < American Naturalist, XV, 1881, pp. 208-219. Accounts of several species from Tucson, and westward to Los Angeles. i88ib. Holterhoff, G. Verdin or Yellow Headed Titmouse. (Paroides flavi- ceps (Baird)). < Ornithologist and Oologist, VI, 1881, p. 27. Breeding habits, as observed on the Colorado River, and at Tucson, Arizona. 1<>0 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 1881. Wood, W. California Pigmy Owl (Glaucidium gnoma). < Ornithol- ogist and Oologist, VI. 1881, pp. 33-35. 47-48. ,i882a. Bendire, C. E. American Long-eared Owl. < Ornithologist and Oolo- gist. VI. 1882. pp. 81-82. Mention of its occurrence in winter on Rillito Creek, near Tucson, Arizona. 18820. Bendire, C. E. Mexican Goshawk. < Ornithologist and Oologist. VI, 1882, pp. 87-88. An interesting account of the breeding habits of the Mexican Goshawk, Asturina nitida plagiata ( = Asturina plagiata), as observed in southern Arizona (Santa Cruz River, San Pedro River, Rillito Creek). i882c. Bendire, C. E. Whitney Owl. < Ornithologist and Oologist. VI, 1882, pp. 94-96. Observations on Micrathcnc ( = Micropallas) whitneyi as observed on Rillito Creek, Arizona. i882d. Bendire, C. E. The Spotted Owl. < Ornithologist and Oologist, VII, 1882, p. 99. Notes on two birds and an egg taken near Tucson in 1872. i882e. Bendire, C. E. The Rufous- winged Sparrow. < Ornithologist and Oologist, VII, 1882, pp. 121-122. An account of the habits of Peucaca ( = Aimophila} carfalis, as observed in the vicinity of Tucson and Camp Lowell, Arizona. 1882-83. Brewster. W. On a Collection of Birds Lately Made by Mr. F. Stephens in Arizona. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, 1882, pp. 65-86, 135- 147, 193-212; VIII, 1883, pp. 21-36. 1882. Brewster, W. Nest and Eggs of Setophaga picta — a Correction. < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, 1882, p. 249. 1882. Coues, E. Nesting of the White-bellied Wren (Thryothonis bctvicki Iciicogaster). < Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, 1882, pp. 52-53. In northwestern Arizona. 1882. Evermann. B. W. Black-Crested Flycatcher. < Ornithologist and Oolo- gist, VII, 1882, pp. 169-170, 177-179. Phainopepla nitcns as observed in southern California. Quotes from a letter of Capt. Bendire in regard to the species as observed in Arizona. 18823. Ridgway, R. List of Additions to the Catalogue of North American Birds. new subspecies, described from Adonde Sid- ing, Arizona. 112 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 19020. Mearns, E. A. Descriptions of Three New Birds from the Southern United States. < Proc. U. S. Nation. Alus., XXIV, 1902, pp. 915-926. Contains the original description of Sitla caroliiiciisis nclsoni, type locality Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. 1902. .Oberholser, H. C. A Review of the Larks of the Genus Otocoris. 6b. Ridgway, R. ''Atratus versus Megalonyx". < Condor, VIII, 1906, p. 100. Critical : Recognizing the validity of Pipilo maculatus montanus Swarth. 1907. Ridgway, R. The Birds of North and Middle America. = U. S. Nation. Mus. Bull., no. 50, part 4, pp. i-xxii, 1-973, P^s- i-xxxiv. 19073. Smith, A. P. The Thick-billed Parrot in Arizona. < Condor, IX, 1907, p. 104. Account of the appearance of a flock of "700 to 1000" in the Chiricahua Moun- tains, Arizona, in August, 1904. 190713. Smith, A. P. Summer Notes from an Arizona Camp. < Condor, IX, 1907, pp. 196-197. A running account of some twenty-four species of birds observed in the Whetstone Mountains, from May to August. 1908. Grinnell. J. The Name of the California Least Vireo. < Auk, XXV, 1908, pp. 85-86. 1908. Henderson, J. The Mountain Bluebird in Northern Arizona. < Condor, X, 1908. p. 94. 1908. Hollister. X. Birds of the Region about Needles, California. < Auk, xxv, 1908, pp. 455-462. References to several species seen on the Arizona side of the Colorado River at Fort Mohave. 19083. Smith, A. P. Is the Mountain Bluebird Resident at High Altitudes? < Condor, X, 1908, p. 50. Sialia currucoidcs at Flagstaff, Arizona, during February and March, 1907. I9o8b. Smith, A. P. Some Data and Records from the Whetstone Mountains. Arizona. < Condor, X, 1908, pp. 75-78. A running account of some of the species of birds observed in the region during the summer months. I9o8c. Smith, A. P. Brain Parasite in White-necked Raven. < Condor, X, 1908, p. 92. . Smith, A. P. Albinism of Scaled Partridge. < Condor, X, 1908, p. 93. Two albino specimens of Callipepla squamata from the San Pedro Valley, Arizona. 116 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 1908. Swarth, H. S. Some Fall Migration Notes from Arizona. < Condor, X, 1908, pp. 107-116. Annotated list of species of birds seen in the Rincon and Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, from September 21 to November 8, 1907. 1908. Wetmore. A. Notes on Some Northern Arizona Birds. < Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., IV (whole series, XIV), 1908, pp. 377-388. An annotated list of forty species, observed at Williams. Arizona, and on Bill Wil- iams Mountain, February 24 to April 1, 1907. Specimens of Sturnclla inagna haopesi secured on the Coconino plains. 19083. Willard, F. C. An Arizona Nest Census. < -Condor, X, 1908, pp. 44-45. Running account of the species of birds found breeding in a garden in Tombstone, Arizona. 19080. Willard, F. C. Huachuca Notes. < Condor, X, 1908, pp. 206-207. I9o8c. Willard, F. C. Three Vireos : Nesting Notes from the Huachuca Moun- tains. < Condor, X, 1908, pp. 230-234, 3 figs. Lanivirco solitaries plumbeus, Virco huttoni stephensi, and Vircosylva gilva swainsoni; probably the southernmost breeding record of the last mentioned species. lo/xja. Oilman, M. F. Among the Thrashers in Arizona. < Condor, XI, 1909, pp. 49-54, i fig. Observations on five species found on the Pima Indian Reservation, southern Arizona. 190913. Oilman, M. F. Some Owls Along the Gila River in Arizona. < Condor, XI, 1909, pp. 145-1 50, 5 figs. Six species treated : Bubo v. pallesccns, Aluco praiihcola, Otus trichopsis ( = Otus asio gilmani), Speotyto c. hypogaca, Glaucidium phaloenoidcs, and Micropallas whitncyi. 19000. Oilman, M. F. Nesting Notes on the Lucy Warbler. < Condor, XI, 1909, pp. 166-168. 19090!. Oilman, M. F. Red-eyed Cowbird at Sscaton, Arizona. < Condor, XI, 1009, p. 173. 1909. Grinnell, J. Three New Song Sparrows from California. < Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., V, 1909, pp. 265-269. Contains the original description of Mclospiza mclodia saltonis, the breeding song sparrow of the lower Colorado River valley, here considered a different form from M. m. fallax Baird. 1909. Swarth, H. S, Distribution and Molt of the Mearns Quail. < Condor, XI, 1909, pp. 39-43. 4 ngs- 1909. Visher, S. S. The Capture of the Red-eyed Cowbird in Arizona. < Auk, XXVI, 1909, p. 307. Near Tucson. I909a. Willard, F. C. Behavior of a Young Rivoli Hummingbird. < Condor. XI, 1909, pp. 102-103. Willard, F. C. Nesting of the Arizona Junco. < Condor, XI, 1909, pp. 129-131, i fig. In the Huachuca Mountains. 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 117 19090. Willard, F. C. The Flammnlated Screech Owl. < Condor, XI, 1909, pp. 199-202, 5 figs. Breeding in the Huachuca Mountains. 1910. American Ornithologists' Union. Check-List of North American Birds. Third Edition (Revised). New York, 1910. Pp. 1-430, 2 pis. (maps). 1910. Cooke, W. W. Distribution and Migration of North American Shore- birds. = U. S. Dept. Agric., Biol. Surv., Bull. No. 35, 1910, pp. i-ioo, pis. I-IV. Pisobia minittilla and Xumcnius americanus recorded for the first time as winter visitants in Arizona. 1910. Oilman, M. F. Notes from Sacaton, Arizona. < Condor, XII. 1910, pp. 45-46. 1910. McGee, W. J. Notes on the Passenger Pigeon. < Science, n. s. XXXII, 1910, pp. 958-964. The writer claims to have found Passenger Pigeons in abundance at Tinajas Altas, in the Gila Mountains, some seventy-five miles southeast of Yuma, in 1894, 1895, 1900, and 1905. Undoubtedly a misidentification. 1910. Miller, W. De W. The Red-billed Tropic-bird in Arizona. < Auk, XXVII, 1910, pp. 450, 451. Correction of a previous erroneous record of Phacthon americanus (see Breninger, 1905b). 1910. Nelson, E. W. A New Subspecies of Pigmy Owl. < Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIII, 1910, pp. 103-104. Glaucidium gnotna pinicola, from the "Rocky Mountain region of the United States and the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico," the type from Alma, New Mexico. Specimens from Arizona mentioned. 19103. Swarth, H. S. Two New Owls from Arizona, with description of the juvenal plumage of Strix occidcntalis occidentals (Xantus). < Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., VII, pp. 1-8. Otus asio gilmam, type locality Blackwater, Final County, and Strix occidentalis huachucae, type locality Huachuca .Mountains. 1 9 rob. Swarth, H. S. Miscellaneous Records from Southern California and Arizona. < Condor, XII, 1910, pp. 107-110. I9ioa. Visher, S. S. A Correction: A New Bird for the United States. < Auk, XXVII, IQIO, p. 210. The Red-eyed Cowbird recorded from Tucson proves to be Tangavius aencus acncus, and not T. a. involucratus, as previously stated. 1910!). Visher, S. S. Notes on the Birds of Pima County, Arizona. < Auk, XXVII, 1910, pp. 279-288. One hundred and twenty-seven species listed, including several not otherwise known to occur in the state. Many of them are unquestionably misidentifications, and the paper contains besides so many obvious mistakes and absurd statements that the re- cords contained in it must perforce be disregarded. 118 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 19103. Willard, F. C. Nesting of the Western Evening Grosbeak (Hcsperiphona vespertina montana). < Condor, XII, 1910, pp. 60-62, i fig. In the Huachuca. Mountains. Arizona. I9iob. Willard, F. C. The Olive Warbler (Dcndrnca olivacea) in Southern Arizona. < Condor, XII, 1910. pp. 104-107, i fig. 19100. Willard, F. C. Seen on a Day's Outing in Southern Arizona. < Con- dor, XII, 1910, p. 1 10. Records the capture of the Texas Kingfisher (Cerylc amcricana seplcntrionalis) on the San Pedro River. 191 ia. Oilman, M. F. Notes from Sacaton, Arizona. < Condor, XIII, 1911. P- 35- 191 [b. Oilman, M. F. Doves on the Pima Reservation. < Condor, XIII, 1911, pp. 51-56. Zcnaidura m. carolinensis. Melopclia asiatica, Chacrnepelia p. pallescens, and Scarda- fella inca, as observed at Sacaton, Arizona. 1911. Grinnell, T. Description of a New Spotted Towhee from the Great Basin. < Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., VII. 1911, pp. 309-311. Pipilo maculatus curtatus, type locality Pine Forest Mountains, Nevada. Speci- mens taken in the lower Colorado Valley in winter. 19113. Oberholser, H. C. A Revision of the Forms of the Hairy Woodpecker (Dryobates villosus [Linnaeus]). < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XL, 1911. pp. 595-621. Dryobates villosus leucothorectis and Dryobates villosus icastus, new forms de- scribed, ascribed to northern and southern Arizona, respectively. 191 ib. Oberholser, II. C. A Revision of the Forms of the Ladder-backed Wood- pecker (Dryobates scalaris [Wagler]). < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XLL 1911, pp. 139-1 59, i pi. [map!. Contains the original description of Dryobates scalaris cactophilus, type locality Tuc- son, Arizona. iQiia. Ridgway, R. Diagnoses of Some New Forms of Picidae. < Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV, 1911, pp. 31-36. Contains Ihe original description of Colaptcs chrysoides mcurnsi, type locality Quito- vaquito, Arizona. 191 ib. Ridgway, R. The Birds of North and Middle America. = U. S. Nation. Mus. Bull., no. 50, part 5, pp. i-xxiii, 1-859, P^s- i-xxxiii. 1911. Willard, F. C. The Blue-throated Hummingbird. < Condor, XIII, 1911, pp. 46-49, 4 figs. Breeding in the Huachuca Mountains. 19123. Oberholser, H. C. A Revision of the Subspecies of the Green Heron (Butorides virescens [Linnaeus]). < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XLII, 1912, PP- 529-577- I9i2b. Oberholser, H. C. A Revision of the Forms of the Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias Linnaeus). < Proc. U. S. Nation. Mus., XLIH, 1912, pp. 531-559- 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 119 1912. Sloanaker, J. L. Two New Arizona Records. < Condor, XIV, 1912, P- 154- Grus canadensis and Clangula clangula amcricana from the vicinity of Tucson. 1912. Swarth. H. S. Report on a collection of birds and- mammals from Van couver Island. < Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., X, pp. 1-124, pis. 1-4. Critical remarks on the subspecies of Gcolhlypis trichas occurring in Arizona. 191 2a. Willard, F. C. A Week Afield in Southern Arizona. < Condor, XIV, 1912, pp. 53-63, 7 figs. . Running account of birds seen on an automobile trip from the Huachuca Moun- tains to Tucson, and then to Tombstone. 191 2b. Willard, F. C. Migration of White-necked Ravens. < Condor, XIV, 1912, pp. 107-108. In Cochise County, in November. 191 2c. Willard, F. C. Breeding of the Scott Sparrow. < Condor, XIV, 1912, pp. 195-196, i fig. In the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. I9i2d. Willard, F. C. Nesting of the Rocky Mountain Nuthatch. < Condor. XIV, 1912, pp. 213-215, 2 figs. In the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. 1913. Cooke, W. W. Distribution and Migration of North American Herons and their Allies. = U. S. Dept. Agric.. Biol. Surv., Bull. No. 45, 1913, pp. 1-70, 21 figs, (distribution maps). Contains statements of the manner of occurrence of several species in Arizona. 1913. Sloanaker, J. L. Bird Notes from the South-west. < Wilson Bull., XXV, 1913, pp. 187-199. In the vicinity of Tucson. 1913. Swarth, H. S. The Status of Lloyd's Bush-tit as a Bird of Arizona. < Auk, XXX, 1913. pp. 399-401. Critical. Arizona records of Psaltriparus m. lloydi shown to pertain to a Juvenal plumage of P. plumbeus. 1913. Todd, W. F.. C. A Revision of the Genus Chacmepelia. < Annals of the Carnegie Museum, VIII, 1913, pp. 507-603. References to Arizona specimens of Chaemepelia passerina pallescens. 19133. Willard, F. C. Some Late Nesting Notes from the Huachuca Moun- tains, Arizona. < Condor, XV, 1913, p. 41. Breeding of Toxostoma c. palmerl, Cyanolaemus clemcnciae, and Columba f. fasciata. I9i3b. Willard, F. C. Late Nesting of Certain Birds in Arizona. < Condor, XV, 1913, p. 227. Seven species treated, from the Huachuca Mountains. I9I3C. Willard, F. C Sharp-shinned Hawk Nesting in Arizona. < Condor, XV, 1913, p. 229. In the Huachuca Mountains. 120 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 INDEX Acanthylis pelasgia, 36 saxatalis, 37 Accipiter atricapillus, 25 atricapillus striatulus, 25 cooperi, 24, 85 fuscus, 24 mexicanus, 24 velox, 24, 85 velox pacificus, 24 velox rufilatus, 24 Actitis macularius, 20, 85 Actiturus bartramius, 20 Actodromas bairdi, 19 minutilla, 19 Aechmophorus occidentalis, 9, 88 yEgialitis montanus, 21 semipalmata, 21, 89 vociferus, 21 Aeronautes melanoleucus, 37, 86 Agelaius gubernator, 47 gubernator californicus, 84 phoeniceus, 47 phoeniceus californicus, 84 phoeniceus fortis, 47, 88 phoeniceus longirostris, 47 phoeniceus neutralis, 47, 86 phoeniceus sonoriensis, 47, 86 xanthocephalus, 47 Aimophila carpalis, 57, 86, 91, 100 ruficeps scotti, 57, 86, 87, 92, 94, 103 Aluco flammeus pratincola, 29 pratincola, 29, 86, 116 Ammodramus bairdi, 52, 88 passerinus, 53 sandwichensis alaudinus, 52 savannarum bimaculatus, 53, 86 savannarum perpallidus, 53 Ammodromus savannarum, 53 Ampelis cedrorum, 64 garrulus, 64 Amphispiza belli cinerea, 56 belli nevadensis, 56 bilineata, 56 bilineata deserticola, 56, 86, 91, 109 nevadensis nevadensis, 56, 88 Anas americana, 12 boschas, 11 carolinensis, 12 cyanoptera, 12 discors, 12 penelope, 12 platyrhynchos, 11, 85 strepera, 12 Anhinga, 10 Anhinga anhinga, 10, 90, 114 Ani, Groove-billed, 32, 106 Anser albifrons, 14 albifrons gambeli, 14, 88 gambeli, 14 hyperboreus, 14 Anthus ludovicianus, 72 pensilvanicus, 72 rubescens, 72, 88 Antrostomus nuttallii, 36 vociferus, 36 vociferus arizonae, 36 vociferus macromystax, 36, 87, 92 Aphelocoma floridana woodhousei, 45 sieberi arizonae, 45, 86, 87, 92, 103 sordida arizonae, 45 woodhousei, 45, 86, 87, 92 Aquila canadensis, 27 chrysaetos, 27, 85, 92 chrysaetus canadensis, 27 Archibuteo ferrugineus, 26, 88 lagopus, 26 lagopus sancti-johannis, 26, 90 Archilochus alexandri, 37, 87 Ardea candidissima, 16 egretta, 16 herodias, 16 herodias treganzai, 16, 85 virescens, 16 virescens anthonyi, 16, 108 Ardetta exilis, 16 Asio accipitrinus, 29 americanus, 29 flammeus, 29, 88 magellanicus pacificus, 30 magellanicus pallescens, 30 wilsonianus, 29, 88 Astragalinus lawrencei, 51, 88 psaltria, 51 psaltria arizonae, 51 psaltria hesperophilus, 51, 86 triads pallidus, 50, 86 Astur atricapillus atricapillus, 25, 90 Asturina nitida, 26 nitida plagiata, 26, 100 plagiata, 26, 87, 90, 100 Asyndesmus lewisi, 35, 86 torquatus, 35 Athene cunicularia, 31 hypugaea, 31 whitneyi, 31, 96 Atlapetes chlorurus, 59 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 121 Atthis cost heloisa morcomi, 39, 90 morcomi, 39, 109 Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps, 78, 86, 87, 91 Avocet, American, 18 Aythya affinis, 13 americana, 13 marila nearctica, 13 vallisneria, 13 B Baeolophus inornatus griseus, 77, 86, 92, 94 wollweberi, 77, 86, 87, 92, 103 wollweberi annexus, 77 Balanosphyra formicivora aculeata, 34 Baldpate, 12 Bartramia longicauda, 20, 90 Basilinna leucotis, 39, 87, 108, 112 Becard, Xantus, 40, 104 Bernicla brenta, 82 • canadensis, 14 hutchinsi, 14 Bittern, American, 15 Least, 16 Blackbird, Bicolored Red-winged, 84 Brewer, 49 Northern Red-winged, 47 San Diego Red-winged, 47 Sonora Red-winged, 47 Yellow-headed, 47 Bluebird, Azure, 81 Chestnut-backed, 81 Mountain, 81, 115 Bob-white, Masked, 21, 113 Bombycilla cedrorum, 64, 88 garrula, 64, 90 Botaurus lentiginosus, 15, 85 minor, 15 Brachyotus cassinii, 29 Brant, 82 Branta bernicla glaucogastra, 82 canadensis canadensis, 14, 88 canadensis hutchinsi, 14, 88 Bubo magellanicus, 30 magellanicus pallescens, 30 virginianus, 30 • virginianus arcticus, 30 virginianus pacificus, 30 virginianus pallescens, 30, 86, 87, 116 virginianus saturatus, 30 virginianus subarcticus, 30 Bucephala albeola, 13 Buffle-head, 13 Bunting, Beautiful, 61 Lark, 61 Lazuli, 61 Painted, 61 Bush-tit, Lead-colored, 78 Lloyd, 119 Buteo abbreviatus, 25, 85, 102 albicaudatus sennetti, 26, 87, 90, 109 bairdi, 26 borealis, 25 borealis calurus, 25, 85, 87 calurus, 25 elegans, 84 insignatus, 26, 96 lineatus elegans, 84 montanus, 25 oxypterus, 26, 96 swainsoni, 26, 87, 90, 96 zonocercus, 25 Butorides virescens, 16 virescens anthonyi, 16, 85 Calamospiza bicolor, 61 meianocorys, 61, 88 Calcarius ornatus, 51, 88, 104 Callipepla gambeli, 22 squamata squamata, 21, 85,. 87, 91, 109, 115 Calothorax lucifer, 39, 90, 98 Calypte anna, 38, 90 costae, 37, 86, 91 Camptostoma imberbe, 44, 87, 90 Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, 74 Canace obscurus, 22 Canvas-back, 13, 106 Caprimulgus nuttallii, 36 Caracara, Audubon, 28 Cardellina rubrifrons, 72, 88, 93, 94, 104 Cardinal, Arizona, 60 Cardinalis cardinalis superbus, 60, 86, 91, 101 igneus, 60 superbus, 60 virginianus,60 virginianus igneus, 60 Carpodacus californicus, 50 cassini, 50, 86, 92, 95 familiaris, 50 frontalis, 50 mexicanus frontalis, 50, 86 mexicanus obscurus, 50 pileatus, 50 purpureus, 50 purpureus californicus, 49, 90 Cathartes aura, 24 . aura septentrionalis, 24, 85 californianus, 83 122 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 Catherpes mexicanus, 74 mexicanus conspersus, 74, 86, 87 mexicanus polioptilus, 74 mexicanus punctulatus, 74 Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus, 20, 90 Celeus torquatus, 35 Centronyx bairdi, 52, 98 Centurus uropygialis, 35, 86, 87, 91, 95 Certhia americana, 76 familiaris, 76 familiaris albescens, 76, 88, 93 familiaris americana, 76 familiaris mexicana, 76 familiaris montana, 76, 82, 92, 100 Certhioia flaveola, 96 Ceryle alcyon alcyon, 32, 88 americana, 33 americana septentrionalis, 33, 90, 118 Chaemepelia passerina pallescens, 23, 85, 91, 118, 119 Chaetura vauxi, 36, 89 Chamaepelia passerina, 23 Charadrius dominicus dominicus, 83 vociferus, 21 Charitonetta albeola, 13, 88 Chat, Long-tailed, 71 Chaulelasmus streperus, 12, 85 Chelidon erythrogaster, 63 Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus, 14, 88 Chickadee, Mexican, 77 Mountain, 77 Chondestes grammaca, 53 grammacus strigatus, 53, 86 Chordeiles acutipennis texensis, 36, 87, 90 henryi, 36 popetue, 36 popetue henryi, 36 texensis, 36 virginianus, 36 virginianus henryi, 36, 87, 92 Chroecocephalus atricilla, 82 franklini, 82 Chroicocephahis Philadelphia, 10 Chrysomitris lawrencei, 51 mexicana, 51 mexicanus arizonae, 51 pinus, 51 psaltria, 51 psaltria arizonae, 51 tristis, 50 Cichlopsis nitens, 64 Cinclus mexicanus, 72 mexicanus unicolor, 72, 86 Circe latirostris, 39 Circus cyaneus, 24 cyaneus hudsonius, 24 hudsonius, 24, 85 Cistothorus palustris, 75 palustris paludicola, 75 palustris plesius, 75 Clangula albeola, 13 clangula americana, 13, 90, 119 Ciivicola riparia, 63 Coccothraustes vespertina, 49, 104 vespertina montana, 49 Coccyzus americanus, 32 americanus occidentalis, 32, 87 Coeligena clemenciae, 37, 109, 112 Colaptes auratus mexicanus, 35 ayresii, 35 cafer, 35, 109 cafer collaris, 35, 86, 102 chrysoides, 35, 109 chrysoides mearnsi, 35, 86, 87, 91, 102, 118 mexicanus, 35 rubricatus, 35 Colinus ridgwayi, 21, 85, 87, 91, 101, 102, 103, 104, 113 Collurio borealis, 65 excubitoroides, 65 ludovicianus excubitorides, 65 Collyrio borealis, 65 excubitorides, 65 Columba fasciata fasciata, 23, 85, 92, 112, 119 flavirostris, 83 leucoptera, 23 Coiumbigallina passerina, 23 Colymbus arcticus pacificus, 82 auritus, 81 nigricollis californicus, 9, 87 pacificus, 82 torquatus, 9 Condor, California, 83 Contopus borealis, 42 pertinax, 42, 106 pertinax pallidiventris, 42 richardsoni, 42 veliei, 42 virens richardsoni, 42 Coot, American, 18 Cormorant, Farallon, 11 Corvus americanus, 46 brachyrhynchos hesperis, 46, 86 cacalotl, 46 carnivorus, 46 corax, 46 corax carnivorus, 46 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 123 Corvus corax sinuatus, 46, 86 cryptoleucus, 46, 86, 91 splendens, 46 Coturnicops noveboracensis, 17, 90 Coturniculus bairdi, 52 passerinus, 53 passerinus perpallidus, 53 savannarum bimaculatus, 53 Cotyle riparia, 63 serripennis, 64 Cowbird, Bronzed, 47 Dwarf, 47 Red-eyed, 116, 117 Crane, Little Brown, 17 Sandhill, 17 Craxirex harrisii, 25 unicinctus, 25 Creciscus jamaicensis, 83 Creeper, Mexican, 76 Rocky Mountain, 76 Crossbill, Mexican, 50 Crotophaga sulcirostris, 32, 90, 106 Crow, Western, 46 Cryptoglaux acadica acadica, 29, 86, 92 Cuckoo, California, 32 Culicivora plumbea, 79, 95 Curlew, Long-billed, 21 Curvirostra americana, 50 Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus, 46, 86 Cyanocitta californica, 45 floridana woodhousei, 45 macrolopha, 45 sordida, 45 stelieri, 45 stelleri diademata, 45, 86, 87, 92 stelleri macrolopha, 45 ultramarina arizonae, 45 woodhouseii, 45 Cyanocorax californica, 45 stelleri, 45 Cyanolaemus clemenciae, 37, 87, 93, 119 Cyanospiza amoena, 61 ciris, 61 Cyanura macrolopha, 45 stelleri macrolopha, 45 Cygnus americanus, 15 Cynanthus latirostris, 39, 87, 91 Cypselus melanoleucus, 37, 95 Cyrtonyx massena, 22 montezumae, 22 montezumae mearnsi, 22, 85, 87, 93, 94, 110, 112 D Dafila acuta, 13, 85 Dendragapus obscurus obscurus, 22, 85, 87, 92, 93 Dendrocopus arizonae, 33 harrisi, 33 Dendrocygna autumnalis, 14, 90, 114 bicolor, 15, 88 fulva, 15, 114 ~ Dendroica aestiva, 68 aestiva brewsteri, 68, 89 aestiva morcomi, 68 aestiva sonorana, 68, 88, 90 auduboni auduboni, 69, 86, 92 auduboni nigrifrons, 69, 88, 93 coronata, 69, 90 graciae, 69, 88, 92, 96, 106 nigrescens, 69, 88, 92 nigrifrons, 69, 111 occidentalis, 70, 89 olivacea, 68, 108, 114, 118 townsendi, 70, 89 virens, 70, 90, 113 Dickcissel, 61 Dipper, American, 72 Doricha enicura, 39, 98 Dove, Inca, 24, 108 Mexican Ground, 23, 105 Western Mourning, 23 White-winged, 23, 91 Dowitcher, Long-billed, 19 Dryobates arizonae, 33, 86, 87, 92, 94, 102, 112 pubescens gairdneri, 33 pubescens homorus, 33, 86 pubescens oreoecus, 33 scalaris, 33 scalaris bairdi, 33 scalaris cactophilus, 33, 86, 87, 91, 118 stricklandi, 33 villosus harrisi, 33 viilosus hyloscopus, 33 villosus icastus, 33, 118 villosus leucothorectis, 33, 86, 87, 92, 118 Duck, Greater Scaup, 13 Lesser Scaup, 13 Ruddy, 14 E Eagle, Bald, 27 Golden, 27, 106 Ectopistes carolinensis, 23 Egret, American, 16 Egretta candidissima candidissima, 16, 89 Elanus leucurus, 84 Empidonax difficilis difficilis, 42, 87 flaviventris difficilis, 42 fulvifrons pygmaeus, 43, 87, 93 griseus, 43, 89 124 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 1U Empidonax, hammondi, 42, 89 obscurus, 43, 99 pusillus, 42 pygmaeus, 43 trailli pusillus, 42 trailli trailli, 42, 87, 90 wrighti, 43, 89 Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema, 44 cornuta, 44 Ereunetes mauri, 20, 88 cccidentalis, 20 pusillus, 20 Erismatura jamaicensis, 14, 85 rubida, 14 Eudromias montanus, 21 Eugenes fulgens, 37, 87, 93, 98, 106, 110, 112 Euphagus cyanocephalus, 49, 86 Euspiza americana, 61 Falcinellus ordii, 15 Falco aesalon, 28 anatum, 27 columbarius columbarius, 27, 88 coiumbarius richardsoni, 28, 90 communis anatum, 27 femoralis, 28 fusco-caerulescens, 28, 86, 91 lanarius polyagrus, 27 mexicanus, 27, 86 nigriceps, 27 peregrinus anatum, 27, 86 polyagrus, 27 richardsoni, 28 saker polyagrus, 27 sparverius deserticolus, 28, 107 sparverius phaloena, 28 sparverius sparverius, 28, 86, 101 Falcon, Aplomado, 28 Prairie, 27, 111 Finch, California Purple, 49 Cassin Purple, 50 House, 50 Flicker, Mearns Gilded, 35, 91 Red-shafted, 35 Flycatcher, Arizona Crested, 40, 91 Ash-throated, 41 Black-crested, 100 Beardless, 44 Buff-breasted, 43, 110, 111 Coues, 42, 108, 113 Gray, 43 Hammond, 42 Olivaceous, 41, 110 Olive-sided, 42 Painted, 99 Flycatcher, Sulphur-bellied, 40, 110 Traill, 42 Vermilion, 43, 91, 97, 105 Western, 42 Wright, 43 Fringilla blandingiana, 59 frontalis, 50 Fulica americana, 18, 85 Gadwall, 12 Gallinago delicata, 19, 88 wiisonii, 19 Gallinula galeata, 18, 85 Gallinule, Florida, 18 Purple, 17, 114 Gambetta melanbleuca, 20 Garzetta candidissima, 16 Gavia immer, 9, 88 pacifica, 82 stellata, 9, 90 Geococcyx californianus, 32, 86, 87, 91 viaticus, 32 Geothlypis macgillivrayi, 70 Philadelphia macgillivrayi, 70 tolmiei, 70 trichas, 70, 71 trichas occidentalis, 70, 71, 88 trichas scirpicola, 71, 88, 119 Glaucidium ferrugineum, 31, 97 gnoma, 31, 100 gnoma pinicola, 31, 86, 92, 117 passerinum californicum, 31 phaloenoides, 31, 86, 91, 104, 116 Gnatcatcher, Plumbeous, 79, 91, 103 Western, 78 Godwit, Hudsonian, 83 Marbled, 83 Golden-eye, American, 13 Goldfinch, Green-backed, 51 Lawrence, 51 Pale, 50 Goniaphea coerulea, 60 melanocephala, 60 Goose, Canada, 14 Hutchins, 14 Lesser Snow, 14 White-fronted, 14 Goshawk, American, 25 Mexican, 26, 100, 107 Graculus dilophus, 11 Grebe, American Eared, 9 Horned, 81 Pied-billed, 9 Western, 9 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 125 Grosbeak, Black-headed, 60 Rose-breasted, 60 Western Blue, 60 Western Evening, 49, 118 Grouse, Dusky, 22 Grus canadensis, 17, 88, 119 mexicana, 17, 85 Guara rubra, 82, 109 Guiraca caerulea, 60 caerulea eurhyncha, 60 caerulea lazula, 60, 88, 90 melanocephala, 60 Gull, Bonaparte, 10 Franklin, 82 Heermann, 82 Laughing, 82 Ring-billed, 9 Western, 82 Gymnogyps californianus, 83 Gymnokitta cyanocephala, 46 Gyparchus papa, 83 H Habia melanocephala, 60 Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus, 27, 86 Harporhynchus bendirei, 73, 98 cinereus bendirei, 73 crissalis, 74, 97 curvirostris, 73 curvirostris palmeri, 73, 97, 106 lecontei, 74, 108 redivivus lecontei, 74 Hawk, American Rough-legged, 26 American Sparrow, 28 Band-tailed, 111 Cooper, 24 Duck, 27 Ferruginous Rough-legged, 26 Harris, 25 Marsh, 24 Mexican Black, 26 Pigeon, 27 Red-bellied, 84 Sennett White-tailed, 26, 109 Sharp-shinned, 24, 119 Swainson, 26 Western Red-tailed, 25 Zone-tailed, 25 Hedymeles meianocephalus, 60 Heleodytes brunneicapillus, 74 brunneicapillus anthonyi, 74, 111 brunneicapillus couesi, 74, 86, 87, 91 Helminthophaga celata, 67 luciae, 67, 96, 97 ruficapilla, 67 virginiae, 67 Helminthophila celata, 67 celata lutescens, 68 luciae, 67 rubricapilla gutturalis, 67 ruficapilla, 67 ruficapilla gutturalis, 67 virginiae, 67 Helodromas solitarius, 20 solitarius cinnamomeus, 20, 89 Herodias alba egretta, 16 egretta, 16, 89 Heron, Anthony Green, 16 Black-crowned Night, 16 Pallid Great Blue, 16 Snowy, 16 Herse thalassina, 63 Hesperiphona vespertina, 49 vespertina montana, 49, 86, 92, 118 Himantopus mexicanus, 18, 89 nigricollis, 18 Hirundo bicolor, 63 erythrogastra, 63, 88 horreorum, 63 lunifrons, 62 rufa, 63 thalassina, 63 Horizopus pertinax pallidiventris, 42 richardsoni, 42 Hummingbird, Allen, 38 Anna, 38 Black-chinned, 37 Blue-throated, 37, 109, 118 Broad-billed, 39 Broad-tailed, 38 Calliope, 39 Costa, 37 Lucifer, 39 Morcom, 39 Rivoli, 37, 110, 116 Rufous, 38 Salvin, 39 White-eared, 39 Hydrobata mexicana, 72 Hydrochelidon fissipes, 10 lariformis, 10 nigra, 10 nigra surinamensis, 10, 90 surinamensis, 10 Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola, 79, 90 guttata auduboni, 80, 88, 92, 94 guttata guttata, 80, 88 guttata nanus, 80, 88, 89 guttata slevini, 80, 89 nana, 80 ustulata swainsoni, 79 ustulata ustulata, 79, 89 126 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 Hypotriorchis columbarius, 27 femoralis, 28 I lache latirostris, 39 Ibis, Scarlet, 82, 109 White-faced Glossy, 15 Wood, 15 Ibis guarauna, 15 ordii, 15 thalassinus, 15 Icteria longicauda, 71 virens longicauda, 71, 88 viridis, 71 Icterus bullocki, 49, 87 cucullatus, 49, 102 cucullatus nelsoni, 49, 87, 90, 101 parisorum, 48, 87, 91, 102 Ictinia mississipiensis, 96 lonornis martinicus, 17, 90, 104, 114 Iridoprocne bicolor, 63, 89 Ixobrychus exilis, 16, 90 Ixoreus naevius naevius, 85 Jay, Arizona, 45 Long-crested, 45, 97 Pinon, 46 Rocky Mountain, 45 Woodhouse, 45 Junco, Arizona, 56, 105, 116 Gray-headed, 55 Montana, 55 Pink-sided, 55 Red-backed, 56 Shufeldt, 55 Sierra, 55 Slate-colored, 55 Junco annectens, 55 caniceps, 55, 88, 98 cinereus, 56, 98, 102 cinereus caniceps, 55 cinereus dorsalis, 56 cinereus palliatus, 56 connectens, 55 dorsalis, 56, 98 hyemalis connectens, 55 hyemalis hyemalis, 55, 88 hyemalis mearnsi, 55 hyemalis montanus, 55 hyemalis oregonus, 55 hyemalis thurberi, 55 mearnsi, 55, 88 montanus, 55, 90 oregonus, 55 oreganus thurberi, 55, 88, 89 Junco oreganus shufeldti, 55, 88 phaeonotus caniceps, 55 phaeonotus dorsalis, 56, 86, 87, 93, 98 phaeonotus palliatus, 56, 86, 87, 93, 98 ridgwayi, 55, 105 K Killdeer, 21 Kingbird, Cassin, 40 Western, 40 Kingfisher, Belted, 32 Texas, 33, 118 Kinglet, Golden-crowned, 85 Ruby-crowned, 78 Kite, White-tailed, 84 Lanius borealis, 65, 90 ludovicianus, 65 ludovicianus excubitorides, 65, 86 Lanivireo solitarius cassini, 65, 89 solitarius plumbeus, 66, 88, 92, 116 Lark, Desert Horned, 44 Montezuma Horned, 44 Prairie Horned, 84 Scorched Horned, 44 Sonora Horned, 44 Larus atricilla, 82 delawarensis, 9, 90 franklini, 82 heermanni, 82 occidentalis, 82 Philadelphia, 10 Limonites minutilla, 19 Limosa fedoa, 83 haemastica, 83 Lobipes lobatus, 18, 90 Longspur, Chestnut-collared, 51, 104, 105 McCown, 52, 104, 105 Loon, Common, 9 Pacific, 82 Red-throated, 9 Lophodytes cucullatus, 11, 90 Lophophanes inornatus, 77 wollweberi, 77, 103 Lophortyx californicus, 22 gambeli, 22, 85, 87, 91, 96 Loxia curvirostra americana, 50 curvirostra mexicana, 50 curvirostra stricklandi, 50, 86, 92 M Macrorhamphus griseus, 19 griseus scolopaceus, 19, 90 Magpie, 45 Mallard, 11 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 127 Mareca americana, 12, 85 Marila affinis, 13, 88 americana, 13, 88 marila, 13, 88 valisineria, 13, 88 Martin, Purple, 62 Meadowlark, Texas, 48 Western, 48 Megascops asio cineraceus, 30 asio trichopsis, 30 aspersus, 30, 109 flammeolus, 30 trichopsis, 30, 110 Melanerpes erythrocephalus, 34, 90 Melanerpes formicivorus, 34 formicivorus aculeatus, 34, 86, 92, 94, 105 formicivorus bairdi, 34 melanopogon, 34 torquatus, 35 uropygialis, 35 Meleagris gallopavo, 23, 110 gallopavo merriami, 23, 85, 87, 93, 110, 111 mexicana, 23 Melopelia asiatica, 23, 118 asiatica trudeaui, 23, 87, 90 leucoptera, 23 Melospiza cinerea fallax, 57 fallax, 57 fasciata fallax, 57 fasciata montana, 57 • lincolni lincolni, 58, 88 melodia, 57 melodia fallax, 57, 88, 116 melodia heermanni, 57 melodia merrilli, 58, 90 melodia montana, 57 melodia saltonis, 57, 86, 87, 91, 116 Merganser, American, 11 Hooded, 11 Red-breasted, 11 Merganser americanus, 11 serrator, 11 Mergus americanus, 11, 85 serrator, 11, 88 Merlin, Richardson, 28 Merula migratoria propinqua, 80 Micrathene whitneyi, 31, 98, 100 Micropallas whitneyi, 31, 86, 91, 98, 100, 112, 116 Micropus melanoleucus, 37 Mimus montanus, 72 polyglottus, 73 polyglottus caudatus, 73 polyglottos leucopterus, 73, 86 Mitrephorus fulvifrons pallescens, 43 pallescens, 43 Mockingbird, Western, 73 Molothrus ater, 47 ater obscurus, 41V 8fi, 91 obscurus, 47, 99 pecoris, 47 pecoris obscurus, 47 Morphnus unicinctus, 25 Myadestes townsendi, 79, 86, 92 Mycteria americana, 15, 87 Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens, 41, 86, 106, 113 cooperi, 40, 99 crinitus cinerascens, 41 lawrencei, 41, 99 lawrencei olivascens, 41, 87, 91, 99, 101 lawrencei olivaceus, 41 magister magister, 40, 87, 90, 99, 101 mexicanus, 41 mexicanus cooperi, 40 mexicanus magister, 40 nuttingi, 41, 106, 113 Myiochanes pertinax pallidiventris, 42, 87, 93 richardsoni richardsoni, 42, 87, 91 Myiodioctes pileolatus, 71 pusillus, 71 pusillus pileolatus, 71 Myiodynastes luteiventris, 40, 87, 93 N Nannus hiemalis pacificus, 75, 90 Nauclerus furcatus, 96 Nettion carolinense, 12, 88 Nighthawk, Texas, 36, 91 Western, 36 Nisus cooperi, 24 fuscus, 24 Nucifraga columbiana, 46, 86, 92 Numenius americanus, 21, 89, 117 longirostris, 21 Nuthatch, Red-breasted, 76 Pigmy, 77 Rocky Mountain, 76, 119 Nutcracker, Clarke, 46 Nuttallornis borealis, 42, 87, 92 Nyctale acadica, 29 Nyctiardea gardeni, 16 grisea naevia, 16 Nycticorax nycticorax naevius, 16, 85 Olbiorchilus hiemalis pacificus, 75 Olor columbianus, 15, 88 Oporornis tolmiei, 70, 88 128 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 Oreoscoptes montanus, 72, 88 Oreospiza chlorura, 59, 88 Oriole, Arizona Hooded, 49 Bullock 49 Scott, 48 Ornithion imberbe ridgwayi, 44 Ortyx graysoni, 21, 101 ridgwayi, 21 virginianus, 21, 100, 101 Osprey, American, 28 Otocoris alpestris, 44 alpestris actia, 44 alpestris adusta* 44, 86, 87, 91, 105 alpestris aphrasta, 44 alpestris arenicola, 44 alpestris chrysolaema, 44 alpestris enthymia, 44 alpestris leucansiptii'a, 44, 112 alpestris leucolaema, 44, 88 aipestris occidentalis, 44, 86 alpestris pallida, 44, 86, 87, 91 alpestris praticola, 84 Otocorys arenicola, 44 Otus americanus, 29 brachyotus, 29 asio cineraceus, 30, 86, 92 asio gilmani, 30, 86, 91, 101, 116, 117 flammeolus, 30, 87, 93 trichopsis, 30, 87, 93, 109, 116 vulgaris wilsonianus, 29 wilsonianus, 29 Owl, American Barn, 29 American Long-eared, 29, 100 Arizona Spotted, 29 Burrowing, 31 California Pigmy, 100 Elf, 31, 91, 104 Ferruginous Pigmy, 31, 109 Flammulated Screech, 30, 117 Mexican Screech, 30 Rocky Mountain Pigmy, 31 Sahuaro Screech, 30, 91 Saw-whet, 29 Short-eared, 29 Spotted, 100 Spotted Screech, 30, 109, 110 Western Horned, 30 Whitney, 100 Oxyechus vociferus, 21, 85 Pandion carolinensis, 28 haliaetus carolinensis, 28, 89 Panyptila melanoleuca, 37 Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi, 25, 85, 91 Paroides flaviceps, 78 Parrot, Thick-billed, 32, 115 Parus gambeli, 77 inornatus griseus, 77 inornatus ridgwayi, 77 meridionalis, 77, 99 montanus, 77 wollweberi, 77 Passer domesticus, 50, 86, 87 Passerculus alaudinus, 52 bairdi, 52 rostratus rostratus, 52, 90 sandwichensis alaudinus, 52, 88 sandwichensis nevadensis, 52, 86 savanna, 52 Passerella iliaca schistacea, 58, 88 townsendi schistacea, 58 Passerina amoena, 61, 88 ciris, 61, 89 versicolor, 61 versicolor pulchra, 61, 90 Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, 11, 88 trachyrhynchus, 11 Pelican, American White, 11 Pelidna alpina sakhalina, 19, 90 Penthestes gambeli gambeli, 77, 86, 92 sclateri, 77, 86, 93, 99 Perisoreus canadensis capitalis, 45, 86, 87, 92, 93 Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons, 62, 88 lunifrons melanogastra, 63, 88 lunifrons tachina, 62 melanogaster, 63, 111 Peucaea aestivalis arizonae, 56 arizonae, 56 botterii, 56, 88, 90 carpalis, 57, 98, 100 cassinii, 56, 57, 88, 90 homochlamys, 57 lincolni, 58 ruficeps boucardi, 57, 103 ruficeps scotti, 57, 104 Peucedramus olivaceus, 68, 86, 93, 94 Pewee, Western Wood, 42 Phaethon aethereus, 10, 90, 113 americanus, 10, 113, 117 Phainopepla, 64 Phainopepla nitens, 64, 86, 91, 100, 102 Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus, 11, 88 Phalaenoptilus nuttalli nitidus, 36, 103 nuttallii nuttallii, 36, 86 Phalarope, Northern, 18 Wilson, 18 Phalaropus lobatus, 18 wilsoni, 18 Phoebe, Black, 41 Say, 41 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA Pica caudata hudsonica, 45 hudsonica, 45 pica hudsonia, 45, 90 Picicorvus columbianus, 46, 97 Picoides americanus dorsalis, 34, 86, 87, 92, 93 Picus arizonae, 33, 102 gairdneri, 33 harrisii, 33 pubescens, 33 pubescens gairdneri, 33 scalaris, 33 stricklandi, 33 varius, 34 villosus harrisi, 33 Pigeon, Band-tailed, 23 Passenger, 117 Red-billed, 83 Pintail, 13 Pipilo aberti, 59, 86, 87. 91, 105 arctica, 58 chlorura, 59 erythrophthalmus, 58 fuscus mesoleucus, 59, 86, 87, 94, 105 maculatus curtatus, 59, 88, 118 maculatus megalonyx, 58 maculatus montanus, 58, 86, 87, 92, 114, 115 megalonyx, 58 mesoleucus, 59, 95 oregonus, 58 Pipit, American, 72 Piranga hepatica, 62, 88, 93 ludoviciana, 62, 88, 92 rubra cooperi, 62, 88, 90 Pisobia bairdi, 19, 89 minutilla, 19, 88, 117 Planesticus migratorius, 80 migratorius propinquus, 80, 86, 92 Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris, 40, 90 albiventris, 40, 104 Plectrophanes maccownii, 52 melanomus, 51 ornatus, 51 Plegadis autumnalis, 15 guarauna, 15, 87 Plover, Golden, 83 Mountain, 21 Semipalmated, 21 Podasocys montanus, 21, 88 Podiceps auritus californicus, 9 californicus, 9 cornutus, 81 occidentalis, 9 Podilymbus carolinensis, 9 podiceps, 9, 88 Poecile montanus, 77 Polioptila caerulea, 78 caerulea obscura, 78, 86, 92 caerulea plumbea, 79 melanura, 79, 9D ~ plumbea, 79, 86, 87, 91, 99, 103 Polyborus audubonii, 28 cheriway, 28, 86, 91 tharus, 28 tharus auduboni, 28 Polytmus rufus, 38 Pooecetes gramineus, 52 gramineus confinis, 52, 86 Poorwill, 36 Poospiza belli, 56 belli nevadensis, 56 bilineata, 56 Porzana Carolina, 17, 85 jamaicensis, 83 Progne purpurea, 62 subis hesperia, 62 subis subis, 62, 88 Protonotaria citrea, 67, 90 Psaltria plumbea, 78, 95 Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi, 78, 112, 119 minimus plumbeus, 78 plumbeus, 78, 86, 87, 104, 119 santaritae, 78, 104, 112 Pseudogryphus californianus, 83 Pterocyanea caeruleata, 12 Ptiliogonys nitens, 64 Pyranga aestiva, 62 aestiva cooperi, 62 azarae, 62 cooperi, 62 hepatica, 62 ludoviciana, 62 Pyrocephalus mexicanus, 43 rubineus, 43 rubinus mexicanus, 43, 86, 91, 97 Pyrrhuloxia, Arizona, 60 Pyrrhuloxia sinuata beckhami, 60 sinuata sinuata, 60, 86, 91 Quail, Desert, 22 Fool, 22 Gambel, 108, 109 Mearns, 22, 116 Scaled, 21 Querquedula carolinensis, 12 cyanoptera, 12, 85 discors, 12, 85 Rail, Black, 83 1.30 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 Rail, Light-footed, 17 Virginia, 17 Yellow, 17 Rallus levipes, 17, 90 virginianus, 17, 88 Raven, American, 46 White-necked, 46, 112, 115, 119 Recurvirostra americana, 18, 88 Redhead, 13 Redstart, American, 71 Painted, 72, 111 Regulus calendula calendula, 78, 86, 92 satrapa olivaceus, 85 satrapa satrapa, 85 Rhinogryphus aura, 24 Rhyacophilus solitarius, 20 Rhynchophanes mccowni, 52, 88, 110 Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, 32, 90, 110 Riparia riparia, 63, 88 Roadrunner, 32 Robin, Western, 80 S Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus, 74, 86, 87 Sandpiper, Baird, 19 Bartramian, 20 Least, 19 Spotted, 20 Red-backed, 19 Western, 20 Western Solitary, 20 Sapsucker, Red-naped, 34 Williamson, 34 Sarcoramphus papa, 83, 99 . Sayornis nigricans, 41, 86 nigricans semiatra, 41 sayus, 41, 86, 91 Scardafella inca, 24, 85, 91, 118 Sciurus tenuirostris, 70 Scolecophagus cyanocephalus, 49 ferrugineus, 49 Scolopax wilsonii, 19 Scops asio, 30 asio maccalli, 30 asio trichopsis, 30, 101 flammeola, 30 mccalli, 30 trichopsis, 30 Seiurus noveboracensis, 70 noveboracensis notabilis, 70, 89 Selasphorus alleni, 38, 90 costae, 37 platycercus, 38, 87 rufus, 38, 89 Setophaga picta, 72, 88, 93, 97, 99, 100 ruticilla, 71, 90 Shoveller, 12 Shrike, Northern, 65 White-rumped, 65 Sialia arctica, 81 currucoides, 81, 86, 92, 115 mexicana, 81 mexicana bairdi, 81, 86, 92, 108 mexicana occidentalis, 81 occidentalis, 81 sialis azurea, 81 sialis fulva, 81, 88 Siskin, Pine, 51 Sitta aculeata, 76 canadensis, 76, 86, 92 carolinensis, 76 carolinensis aculeata, 76 carolinensis nelsoni, 76, 86, 112 pusilla pygmaea, 77 pygmaea pygmaea, 77, 86, 87, 92, 94 Siurus naevius, 70 Snipe, Wilson, 19 Solitaire, Townsend, 79 Sora, 17 Sparrow, Baird, 52 Black-chinned, 54 Botteri, 56 Brewer, 54 Cassin, 57 Clay-colored, 54 Desert, 56 Desert Song, 57 English, 50, 114 Intermediate, 53 Large-billed, 52 Lincoln, 58 Merrill Song, 58 Mountain Song, 57 Nevada Savannah, 52 Rufous-winged, 57, 100 Sage, 56 Scott, 57, 119 Slate-colored Fox, 58 Western Chipping, 54 Western Grasshopper, 53 Western Lark, 53 Western Savannah, 52 Western Tree, 54 Western Vesper, 52 White-crowned, 53 Spatula clypeata, 12, 85 Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea, 31, 86, 87, 91, 116 Sphyrapicus nuchalis, 34 thyroideus, 34, 86, 92, 96 varius, 34 varius nuchalis, 34, 88 williamsonii, 34, 96 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 131 Spinus lawrencei, 51 pinus, 51, 86, 92 psaltria, 51 psaltria arizonae, 51 tristis, 50 tristis pallidus, 50, 105 Spiza americana, 61, 89 amoena, 61 Spizella atrogularis, 54, .87 breweri, 54, 86 canadensis, 54 evura, 54 monticola, 54 monticola ochracea, 54, 90 pallida, 54, 89 pallida breweri, 54 passerina arizonae, 54, 86 pusio, 54 socialis, 54 socialis arizonae, 54, 97 Steganopus tricolor, 18, 89 wilsoni, 18 Stelgidopteryx serripennis, 64, 88 Stellula calliope, 39, 89 Sterna forsteri, 10, 90 hirundo, 10, 90 Stilt, Black-necked, 18 Strigiceps uliginosus, 29 Strix americana, 29 flammea, 29 flammea americana, 29 occidentalis, 29, 117 occidentalis huachucae, 29, 86, 92, 94, 98, 117 pratincola, 29 Struthus caniceps, 55, 56 oregonus, 55 Sturnella magna hoopesi, 48, 86, 116 magna mexicana, 48 magna neglecta, 48 neglecta, 48, 86 Swallow, Bank, 63 Barn, 63, 109, 111 Cliff, 62, 111 Mexican Cliff, 63 Northern Violet-green, 63 Rough-winged, 64 Tree, 63 Swan, Whistling, 15 Swift, Vaux, 36 White-throated, 37 Sylvania pusilla, 71 pusilla pileolata, 71 audubonii, 69 Symphemia semipalmata, 20 Syrnium occidentale, 29, 98 Tachycineta bicolor, 63 thalassina, 63 thalassina lepida, .£3, 88, 92 Tanager, Cooper, 62 Hepatic, 62 Western, 62 Tangavius aeneus aeneus, 47, 87, 90, 117 aeneus involucratus, 47, 117 Tantalus loculator, 15 Teal, Blue-winged, 12 Cinnamon, 12 Green-winged, 12 Telmatodytes palustris, 75 palustris plesius, 75, 86 Tern, Black, 10 Common, 10 Forster, 10 Thrasher, Bendire, 73, 91, 105, 111 Brown, 73 Crissal, 74, 91, 96, 103 Leconte, 74, 91, 96, 103, 108 Palmer, 73, 91, 104, 105, 106 Sage, 72 Thrush, Dwarf Hermit, 80 Kadiak Hermit, 80 Monterey Hermit, 80 Rocky Mountain Hermit, 80 Russet-backed, 79 Varied, 85 Willow, 79 Thryomanes bewickii bairdi, 75 bewickii drymoecus, 75 bewicki eremophilus, 75, 86, 87 bewicki 'leucogaster, 75 Thryothorus bewickii, 75 bewickii bairdi, 75 bewicki leucogaster, 75, 100 bewickii murinus, 75 mexicanus, 74 obsoletus, 74 Tinnunculus sparverius, 28 Titmouse, Bridled, 77 Gray, 77 Yellow-headed, 99 Totanus flavipes, 83 melanoleucus, 20, 89 semipalmatus, 20 solitarius, 20 Towhee, Abert, 59 Canyon, 59 Green-tailed, 59, 108 Mountain, 58 Nevada, 59 1,32 PACIFIC COAST AVIFAUNA No. 10 Toxcstoma bendirei, 73, 86, 87, 91 crissale, 74, 86, 87, 91 curvirostre palmeri, 73, 86, 87, 91, 119 lecontei lecontei, 74, 86, 87, 91 rufum, 73, 90 vetula, 73 Tree-duck, Black-bellied, 14 Fulvous, 15 Tringa alpina pacifica, 19 bairdi, 19 minutilla, 19 pusilla, 20 schinzii, 19 Tringoides bartramius, 20 macularius, 20 Trochilus alexandri, 37 alleni, 38 anna, 38 calliope, 39 costae, 37 platycercus, 38 rufus, 38 Troglodytes aedon, 75 aedon aztecus, 75 aedon marianae, 75 aedon parkmani, 75, 86, 92 domesticus parkmani, 75 obsoletus, 74 parkmanni, 75 Trogon, Coppery-tailed, 32, 104 Trogon ambiguus, 32, 87, 93, 94, 104, 112 Tropic-bird, Red-billed, 10, 117 Yellow-billed, 113 Turdus aonalaschkae, 80 aonalaschkae auduboni, 80 fuscescens salicicolus, 79 ' guttatus auduboni, 80 migratorius, 80 migratorius propinquus, 80 naevius, 85 nanus, 80 pailasi auduboni, 80 pallasi nanus, 80 unalascae, 80 unalascae auduboni, 80 ustulatus, 79 Turkey, Merriam, 23 Mexican, 110 Water, 114 Tyrannula saya, 41 Tyrannus verticalis, 40, 87, 90 vociferans, 40, 86, 92 U Uranomitra salvini, 39, 90, 114 Urinator lumme, 9 Urubitinga anthracina, 26, 85, 102, 112 Verdin, 78, 91, 99 Vermivora celata celata, 67, 88 celata lutescens, 68, 89 celata orestera, 67, 114 luciae, 67, 88, 90 rubricapilla gutturalis, 67, 89 virginiae, 67, 88, 92 Vireo, Arizona, 66 Cassin, 65 Gray, 66 Plumbeous, 66 Red-eyed, 65 Stephens, 66 Western Warbling, 65 Vireo bellii, 66 belli arizonae, 66, 88, 90 belli pusillus, 66 gilvus, 65 gilvus swainsoni, 65 huttoni, 66 huttoni stephensi, 66, 86, 87, 92, 94, 116 olivaceus, 65 plumbeus, 66, 96 pusillus, 66 solitarius, 65 solitarius cassini, 65 solitarius plumbeus, 66 swainsoni, 65 vicinior, 66, 88, 91, 96, 102 Vireosylva giiva swainsoni, 65, 88, 91, 116 clivacea, 65, 90 Vireosylvia plumbea, 66 solitaria, 65 Vulture, California, 109 King, 83 Turkey, 24, 109 W Warbler, Audubon, 69 Black-fronted, 69 Black-throated Gray, 69 Black-throated Green, 70 Calaveras, 67 California Yellow, 68 Golden Pileolated, 71 Grace, 69 Hermit, 70 Lucy, 67, 91, 116 Lutescent, 68 Macgillivray, 70 Myrtle, 69 Olive, 68, 108, 114, 118 Orange-crowned, 67 1914 BIRDS OF ARIZONA 133 Warbler, Pileoiated, 71 Prothonotary, 67, 113 Red-faced, 72, 104 Sonora Yellow, 68, 91 Townsend, 70 Virginia, 67 Wilson, 84 Water-thrush, Alaska, 70 Waxwing, Bohemian, 64 Cedar, 64 Whip-poor-will, Stephens, 36, 111 Willet, Western, 20 Wilsonia pusilla chryseola, 71, 89 pusilla pileolata, 71, 88, 92 pusilla pusilla, 84 Woodpecker, Alpine Three-toed, 34 Arizona, 33 Batchelder, 33 Cactus, 33 Gila, 35 Lewis, 35, 111 Mearns, 34 Red-headed, 34 White-breasted, 33 White-headed, 84 Wren, Cactus, 74, 91, 106, 111 Canyon, 74 Desert, 75 Parkman, 75 Rock, 74 Western Marsh, 75 Wren, Western Winter, 75 White-bellied, 100 X Xanthocephalus ictefoce-phalus, 47 longipes, 47 xanthocephalus, 47, 86 Xenopicus albolarvatus, 84 Y Yellowlegs, 83 Greater, 20 Yellowthroat, Tule, 71 Western, 70 Z Zamelodia ludoviciana, 60, 90 melanocephala melanocephala, 60, 88, 92 Zenaidura carolinensis, 23 macroura, 23 macroura carolinensis, 23, 118 macroura marginella, 23, 85 Zonotrichia blandingiana, 59 cassini, 57 fallax, 57, 95 gambelii, 53 graminea, 52 intermedia, 53 leucophrys, 53 ieucophrys gambeli, 53, 88 leucophrys intermedia, 53 leucophrys leucophrys, 53, 87, 92, 93 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. 933906 BIOLOG, UBRARY 6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY