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CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE
ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY

No. 8: THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN
ONTARIO, By James L. BAILLIE JR. AND PAUL HARRINGTON D.D.S.

Part I—Reprinted from Trans. Roy. Can. Ist. Vol. XXI, Part 1, 1936
Part II—Reprinted from Trans. Roy. Can. Ist. Vol. XXI, Part 2, 1937

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ae
* ¢

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THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO*

By JAMEs L. BAILLIE, JR. and PAUL HARRINGTON, D.D.S.

FARE I

The present account is an initial attempt to outline the breeding
ranges of birds in Ontario. It represents the result of more than twelve
years of researches on the part of the authors (in their leisure time) and
although strictly a provisional account, it is their hope that it will
serve as a summary of the known ranges in Ontario of breeding birds
until such time as a comprehensive work on the birds of the province
can be published. |

Data are meagre for a great many species and completely lacking
for others which unquestionably remain in the province to nest, but it
is hoped that this very paucity will serve as a stimulus to naturalists
to place on record whatever important unpublished information they
possess.

Eight lists of the birds of Ontario, as a whole, have been published,
but they have contained very little definite data on the distribution of
birds within the province. Statements like ‘“‘breeds throughout its
range’ and ‘‘nests throughout southern Ontario’’ have characterized
these lists and such statements have failed to convey an adequate im-
pression of the nesting range of any species.T

*Contribution No. 8, Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology.

{The first of these lists which included in its scope the whole of what was then
Ontario was Robert C. Gourlay’s almost unannotated list! of the birds of Upper Canada,
published in London, England, in 1822. It enumerated 37 species of birds by the
common names by which they were known here at the time. In 1851 a second list of
Ontario birds?!® (listing 72 species from Upper Canada) was published by William H.
Smith. Eight years later, in June, 1859, there appeared ‘‘A List of Birds found in
Upper Canada’” written by Thomas J. Cottle of Woodstock, Ontario and published in
the fourth volume of the Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. Cottle listed 145 species
by their Latin names, with virtually no details and based largely on the author’s own
observations. In 1886 there appeared the first edition of Thomas MclIlwraith’s ‘‘ Birds
of Ontario’ in which accounts were given of 296 species occurring in the province, but
the records upon which the work was based came mostly from the larger centres in
extreme southern Ontario, leaving the vast area of what is now northern Ontario
practically untouched so far as any account of its avifauna was concerned. In 1893
‘James H. Fleming’s list of Ontario birds! was prepared for the World’s Fair, Chicago,
and published by the Ontario government. In it, 322 species were listed, and brief
comments were made on their distribution. MclIlwraith’s second edition® appeared in
1894 and enumerated 309 species, being a reprint of his first edition, with a few additions
and corrections. In 1900 there appeared Charles W. Nash’s ‘‘Check list of the Birds
of Ontario’’*®, which listed 300 species with rather vague distributional information,
followed by his revised list’ of the same title (which treated 315 species) in 1905, which
is Our most recent list of Ontario birds.

2 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN . INSTITUTE

Excellent local lists and other valuable avifaunal records have been
published, however, especially during more recent years, of the birds of
certain localities within the province. Although many of these accounts
(for example those published by Snyder from the regions of Lake Nipi-
gon'®, Lake Abitibi®!, King township®, and Long point*’) contain
information from previously unknown regions ornithologically, they
have appeared in a variety of publications, making it virtually impossible
to obtain definite distributional information without a laborious search
of the literature.

The authors have attempted to bring together these scattered
writings on Ontario birds and as a result there is on file at the Royal
Ontario Museum of Zoology an index to the literature pertaining to
the ornithology of the province which is gradually nearing completion.
This bibliography was commenced by J. L. Baillie in 1924 and already
there are more than ten thousand specific cards on file from upwards
of one thousand titles. These records form the basis of the present
account and those to which we have referred will be found in the list of
literature cited.

Manuscript lists of the breeding birds of various localities within
Ontario have been sent to the authors by well-known observers for in-
clusion in this account and to these data we have added whatever
additional unpublished material has been available. We have listed
(alphabetically by counties and districts) in small type under each
species those records which add materially to the information already
published, and wherever possible, new records are given for ten counties.

Of the manuscript data placed at our disposal, the most important
have been the lists of breeding species furnished by the nine naturalists
listed below, to all of whom we express our thanks. Their records, plus
the records of the authors, constitute nearly fifty per cent. of the total
number of new breeding records recorded in this paper. These con-
tributors are the late Edwin Beaupre of Kingston (for thirty-five years
an active oologist in Frontenac County), Lieut.-Col. Lionel S. Dear of
Port Arthur (who has been in close touch with the bird-life of southern
Thunder Bay District since 1923, and at irregular intervals prior to that
date), Dr. Frederic A. E. Starr of Sudbury (who has been actively
engaged collecting data on nests and eggs in York, Elgin, Sudbury and
Victoria regions since 1915), Richard D. Ussher of King (who has fur-
nished lists of the breeding birds of parts of Algoma, Cochrane, Thunder
Bay and York regions), William E. Saunders of London (whose journals
covering more than fifty years of observations in southern Ontario have
been at our disposal), Dr. C. H. Douglas Clarke (Huron, Algoma,
Nipissing and Parry Sound breeding records), Clifford E. Hope of the

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BirDS IN ONTARIO &

Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology, Toronto (records from various
southern Ontario counties), Alfred Kay of Port Sydney (for over sixty
years an active naturalist in northern Muskoka District), and H. Percy
Bingham of Barrie (Simcoe County nesting data).

In addition, we are incorporating the results of observations made
during more than twenty years’ summer residence in the south Georgian
Bay region by Paul Harrington and certain information secured by
both authors in various sections of the province since 1920. Records
given anonymously are recorded on the joint authority of the authors,
and these constitute approximately twenty per cent. of the new records
herein recorded.

The collections of birds, nests, eggs and records in the National
Museum of Canada at Ottawa (N.M.C.), the Royal Ontario Museum
of Zoology at Toronto (R.O.M.Z.) and in the possession of various
private naturalists have been freely consulted for information, to each
of whom we express our thanks. The fact that the most important
source of definite breeding data is to be found in such collections needs
scarcely be stated.

The thanks of the authors are due to Mr. J. H. Fleming and Mr. L.
L. Snyder of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology for much assistance
and for their checking of the manuscript and to Mrs. Phyllis Oughton of
the Museum, whose co-operation by typing and retyping a very tedious
manuscript is hereby gratefully acknowledged. The map has been
drawn by Mr. Terence M. Shortt of the Museum, to whom we express
our indebtedness.

More than two thousand individual breeding records are herein
published for the first time, on the authority of no fewer than 238
observers. Suffice it to say that without such hearty co-operation a
work of this kind would be quite impossible.

The list contains 210 species known to have bred in the province and

the arrangement of species and the names used correspond to the ‘‘ Birds
of Canada’’, by P. A. Taverner, 1934. It is scarcely necessary to add
that the absence of any species from the list may be taken as meaning
that no indisputable record of nesting is available.
_ An interesting comparison is afforded by Lawrence E. Hicks’ recent
statement?” that 181 species are known to have nested in Ohio, which
has an area of only 40,740 square miles compared to Ontario’s 412,582
square miles.

Some further idea of the extensiveness of Ontario is found in the
fact that the province is some 1015 miles across and 1085 miles from
south to north. Of this great area little is known of the northern half or
fifty per cent. of the province lying to the north of about Lake Nipissing

4 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE
and Sault Ste. Marie and it is a fact that fully ninety per cent. of the
ornithological work in Ontario has been done in the southern ten per
cent. of the province. Striking evidence of the need for some study of
the nesting species along the extreme northern sea-coast of Ontario is
to be found in a perusal of the recently-published ‘ Birds of Churchill,
Manitoba” (a locality just north of our limits), where no fewer than
31 species nest for which there are no Ontario breeding records.
Whatever records we have been able to find for northern Ontario
simply bear out the statement of the late E. Howe Forbush that “The
ranges of birds as now recorded in unsettled regions are dependent not
so much on the actual distribution of birds as on the distribution or
wanderings of ornithologists’.

1. COMMON LOON_) GAVIA IMMER

The Loon is one of the most characteristic water birds of Ontario,
probably breeding in all suitable lakes throughout the province and
definitely from the southern border to James bay’, * and west to Lake
of the Woods?2, !7*. To the north of this, in extreme northern Ontario,
it has been observed several times on the west coast of Hudson bay
(at Churchill, Manitoba’) as well as at Severn House, on Severn river’.

On most lakes throughout its range the Loon is a fairly common
and very conspicuous summer resident, but in lower Ontario its numbers
have been reduced’, %® due to the increase of settlement and the con-
sequent reduction of its chosen habitat.

The race breeding in extreme northern Ontario may be immer elasson,
but the one occupying most, if not all, of Ontario is considered tobe
ammer wmmer.

Cochrane District, Smoky Falls, north of Kapuskasing—Two families of young
were seen on July 1, 1983 by R. V. Whelan.

Frontenac County—Set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found at Collins’ lake on
May 19, 1915 and nest with two eggs was found at Draper lake on June 23,
1900, both by E. Beaupre.

Kenora District—At High lake, near Shoal lake, Lake of the Woods, it was found
breeding in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan; D. R. Derry found
eggs on June 26, 1930, along the Manitoba boundary between Lat. 53-54° N.

Leeds County—Nest with two eggs was found at Delta on June 14, 1932 by C.
L. Broley and set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by C. J. Young on
June 30, 1898, at Higley lake.

Lennox and Addington County, Otter lake, Ashby township—Two downy young
were seen on June 13, 1934 by J. M. Speirs.

Nipissing District, Lake Temagami—Nest with two eggs was found on July 18,
1930, and nest with two eggs on June 11, 1926, both by A. F. Coventry.

Simcoe County, Barrie—H. B. Haugh collected a set of two eggs on May 25, 1918.

*

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 5

Sudbury District—P. Harrington has a set of two eggs taken at Bigwood on May
24, 1913 and a set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was secured by A. E. Allin at
Lake Welcome on June 15, 1911.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Nest with two eggs was found on June 7,
1914, by L. S. Dear.

Victoria County—Nest with one egg was seen by us on June 11, 1932, on Muskrat
island, Sturgeon lake and a nest was found on June 2, 1931 on Washburn
island, Lake Scugog by P. Harrington, F. Starr and A. E. Allin.

2. RED-PHROATED LOON ~~ GAVIA STELLATA

This loon is much mbre northern in its distribution than the Common
Loon, and in Ontario it is known to have nested only on the north shore
of Lake Superior.

W. E. Saunders!® in 1922 placed on record his belief that the Red-
throated Loon probably bred in the vicinity of Lake Superior, his
assumption being based on his collection of a female from fish-nets at
Rossport on June 20, 1911. His prediction was fulfilled the following
year when a nest (described below) was found at a locality seventy miles
west of Rossport.

Its occurrence in the summer of 1848 at Sault Ste. Marie is recorded
by L. Agassiz®, but Barrows‘ states that ‘‘there is no reason to suppose
that this diver ever nests in Michigan.”

In 1914 the species was reported" as common in August and Sep-
tember at Hudson bay, which would indicate that they breed also
along the extreme northern border of the province. This belief is
strengthened by a specimen of downy young in N.M.C. taken on July
27, 1920, by F. Johansen, at South Twin island, James bay, just outside
of the boundaries of the province.

Thunder Bay District, Thunder Cape—‘‘One record only, nest with two eggs on
the point of hatching (and consequently not preserved), found on July 1,
1912. The nest was located on a small rocky island in Lake Superior near
Thunder Cape. The island was about eighty yards long by forty yards
wide and about fifteen feet high at the highest point. Its centre was covered
with small scrub and it was in this scrub that the nest was located. The
parent bird left the island as we landed and the pair was under observation
through field glasses as they remained fairly close.’’ (L.S. Dear).

3. RED-NECKED GREBE cCOLYMBUS GRISEGANA

This species is a rare summer resident of extreme western Ontario,
west of Lake Superior. Actually, it has been found breeding only at
Whitefish lake, some fifty miles west of Port Arthur™, but a set of four
eggs in R.O.M.Z. taken on June 4, 1904, by I. Maharg at Lake of the
Woods (Ontario?) indicates that the species may be found nesting in

.

6 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

suitable areas between Lake Superior and Manitoba. Its occurrence
also in James bay is recorded by Macoun” and there is a specimen in
R.O.M.Z. from Moose Factory, where it was secured in 1928 by S.
Waller. The form of this species occurring in North America is called
Holboell’s Grebe, grisegana holboell.

Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—Apparently a very rare breeder. The
first nests, both with four eggs, were found on June 18, 1933, by L. S. Dear
and on June 13, 1935, we saw a nest with three eggs which had been dis-
covered by F. Starr.

4, HORNED GREBE cCOLYMBUS AURITUS

It is difficult to ascertain the status of this grebe as a breeding bird
of Ontario. Not only are its eggs practically indistinguishable from
those of the commoner Pied-billed Grebe, but its nesting habits also
bear a close resemblance to those of that species.

In the past the species has been recorded nesting more or less com-
monly at a few localities®, , 29 from Leeds County”, Ottawa and
Lake St. Clair north to Port Arthur“ and Severn river on Hudson
bay”*, 1% but we have no hesitation in stating that all of these records,
in Our Opinion, require confirmation.

The Horned Grebe, however, probably breeds at many places in
northern and western Ontario, as it is known to nest rarely at Churchill,
on Hudson bay® and there is a fully-grown juvenile (with striping on
head) in the collection of N.M.C., which was taken at Lac Seul, Kenora
District, on September 6, 1919, of which P. A. Taverner says ‘‘ probably
but not certainly raised there.”’

In addition, W. P. Young collected a set of four eggs at Lake Nipissing
on July 1, 1915, and this set is in R.O.M.Z. but particulars as to the
identification of the parents of the nest are not at hand.

J. A. Morden assured W. E. Saunders!*! in 1904 that H. P. Attwater
and H. Keays trapped this species at its nest in June, 1882, at Lake St.
Clair flats but Barrows‘? (1912) quotes Saunders to the effect that ‘‘he
finds no evidence that the species has ever bred there.’’ In this connec-
tion, it is of interest to note that Barrows was unable to find a single
nesting record for this species in Michigan.

5. PIED-BILLED GREBE PpoDILYMBUS PODICEPS

This is the common grebe of southern Ontario'!, nesting north to
southern Cochrane and southern Thunder Bay Districts!’,1°°. There
are few summer occurrences on record!!, !© for the vast territory north
of these localities and no definite nesting records, so far as we are aware,

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO i

although fully-grown young birds taken at Lac Seul (Kenora District)
on August 26, 1919, by D. Blakeley (now in N.M.C.) may have been
reared there and there isa female in R.O.M.Z. taken at Moose Factory,
southern James bay on May 23, 1930 by S. Waller.

The North American form of this species is podiceps podiceps.

Cochrane District, Timmins—Several were seen attending half-grown but still
downy and flightless young in early September, 1935, by J. M. Speirs.
Essex County, Point Pelee—Downy young, taken on June 11, 1913, by P. A.

Taverner, is in N.M.C.

Frontenac County—Set of four eggs was found at Simcoe island on May 16, 1901
by E. Beaupre anda set of eight eggs found at Cataraqui on May 28, 1900
by E. Beaupre are in R.O.M.Z. Downy young taken at Kingston on July
5, 1918 by P. A. Taverner are in N.M.C.

Middlesex County, London—W. E. Saunders secured a young bird on August 12,
1885.

Norfolk County, Long Point—Nest and six eggs in R.O.M.Z. were secured on
June 9, 1932 by A. F. Coventry.

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—A young bird in R.O.M.Z.
was secured at Sand creek on July 7, 19380 by W. R. Dymond and a nest in
R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 10, 1933 (young left on 7th) by C. H. D. Clarke.

Simcoe County, Little lake—Set of five eggs taken on May 24, 1919 by H. P.
Bingham and set of seven eggs taken on June 16, 1918 by H. B. Haugh are
im R.O.M.Z.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—A few pairs breed on suitable lakes; nest
with seven incubated eggs was found on June 16, 1929, according to L. S,
Dear. We saw a nest with five eggs on June 13, 1935.

Victoria County—A young bird, in R.O.M.Z., was secured near Coboconk by
H. Linton and a nest was found on June 2, 1931 on Washburn island, Lake
Scugog by F. Starr, A. E. Allin and P. Harrington. :

York County—Numbers formerly bred in the marsh at Ashbridge’s bay, Toronto,
according to J. Townson and a set of seven eggs, taken at Mugg’s landing,
Toronto island, on June 3, 1924 by W. P. Young is in R.O.M.Z. Adults
were seen with five young on Kelly lake on June 9, 1935 by R. D. Ussher.

6. DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT PHALACROCORAX AURITUS

This fine bird is one of the rarer breeding birds of Ontario. It is
known to nest at only five places in the northern and western parts of
the province, all on small rocky islands, in the northern part of Lake
Huron, on Lake Superior (at Agawa!8 and near Port Arthur), at Lake
Nipigon!® and in the Ontario part of Lake of the Woods?°.

All of these breeding places have been discovered since 1924 but
as long ago as 1912 W. E. C. Todd found?° a colony of thirty-six pairs
nesting at Rupert’s bay, on the east coast of James bay, Quebec, just
outside of the boundaries of Ontario. This record suggests that addi-
tional breeding stations may be found in the extreme northern parts of
the province.

§ TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

The Eastern Canadian form of this species is auritus auritus.

Algoma District, Isaac rock (Off Algoma mills)—A colony has been visited
regularly since 1932 by W. I. Lyon, of Waukegan, Illinois.

Thunder Bay District, Black bay (30 miles east of Port Arthur)—A set of five
eggs, taken from a colony there on June 3, 1933, by L. S. Dear is in R.O.M.Z.

7. GREAT BLUE HERON = ARDEA HERODIAS

The Great Blue Heron is a fairly common summer resident of Ontario,
breeding throughout the province!** from our southern border north at
least to Temiskaming District and west to Lake of the Woods.

More than forty heronries are known to have been occupied within
the past fifteen years.

Great Blue Herons are found sparingly north as far as James
bay”!, 2°, §! in summer and it is likely that their range limit as breeding
birds is reached in that latitude.

The form occurring in Ontario is herodias herodias.

Frontenac County, Murvale—A set of three eggs taken on May 6, 1906, by E.
Beaupre, is in R.O.M.Z.

Halton County, 63 miles west of Oakville—A heronry of five nests was visited
on May 14, 1934, by J. L. Baillie, C. M. Heddle and others. On April 29,
1935, nine pairs were nesting there, according to Mr. Heddle.

Kenora District, Lake Gordon, McIntosh—Heronry of 25 nests with young was
found on June 22, 1933, by C. H. Hargrave, according to A. G. Lawrence.

Kent County, 6 miles east of Chatham—Colony of about 20 pairs was shown
to us on June 11, 1933 by J. H. Smith.

Lincoln County, Secord’s farm, near St. Catharines—Heronry of 47 nests was
visited by G. J. Clout on June 6, 1935.

Manitoulin District, Green island, ten miles east of Killarney and three miles off
shore—Large heronry was examined in July, 1931, by D. Strickland.

Ontario County, Thorah island (Lake Simcoe)—Fifty pairs were nesting on
May 15, 1915, according to P. Harrington, and a set of five eggs was collected
by him. In 19380 about 350 nests were occupied, according to J. A. Edwards,
one tree containing eighteen nests. E. Dixon took a set of four eggs on May
6, 1932. This is the largest heronry in Ontario of which we have record.

Simcoe County, near Minesing—Heronry of fifty pairs!®! was visited by us on
May 9, 1925. On May 22, 1932, when the colony was again visited by us,
eighty or more nests were counted.

Temiskaming District, Pharand township—A colony of 22 nests exists on an
island in a bay on the south side of one of the lakes there, according to W.
D*. Pigott.

Thunder Bay District—Scattered colonies; a set of three eggs was secured at
Port Arthur on May 138, 19382 by L. S. Dear. A heronry of eighty nests was
reported in 19384 by G. Reed on Pakashkan lake, thirty miles north-east of
Mack.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 9

8. GREEN HERON BUTORIDES VIRESCENS

The Green Heron is a not very common nesting species of the more
southern parts of Ontario north to Middlesex*?, York and Grenville
Counties.

Summer occurrences to the north of its known breeding range are
rather frequent but these birds may have been wanderers or non-breeding
individuals; one seen on August 18, 1934 at Skeleton lake, Muskoka
District, by J. H. Williams and one seen on June 29, 1935, at Cameron,
Victoria County, by H. M. Halliday and J. L. Baillie being the most
northern records of its occurrence, although Barrows?® quotes an old
record for Keweenaw point on the Michigan (south) shore of Lake
Superior.

The Canadian form of this species is virescens virescens.

Elgin County, Aylmer—A set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by R. T.
Anderson in 1897.

Essex County—P. A. Taverner saw a nest in 1913 at Point Pelee; at Detroit river
(Ontario) I. Maharg collected a set of three eggs on May 25, 1903.

Grenville County, below Burritt’s rapids—Set of four eggs (originally five) in
N.M.C. was taken* on June 18, 1918, by P. A. Taverner.

Leeds County, Charleston lake—Set of five eggs, taken on June 14, 1899, by
Crk, Clarkeands€. J. -Young,is in R:O.M..Z.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Nest with one egg was found by G. J. Clout on
June 17, 1934.

Middlesex County, London—A set of five eggs was taken by W. E. Saunders on
May 23, 1904.

Norfolk County, Waterford—F. Starr has a set of four eggs taken on May 21,
i911, by W. Burton.

Ontario County, Frenchman’s bay—Nest with young was found in 1928 by
A. Twining.

Peel County—Four nests were found on June 25, 1911, by C. G. Harbour in the
alders near Port Credit. One of the nests contained three eggs, two con-
tained five young and the fourth contained four young. A nest with four
young, taken at Cooksville on July 8, 1935, by J. Edmonds is in R.O.M.Z.
J. L. Baillie and others saw a nest with five young at Erindale on June 20,
1934, shown to them by H. R. Ivor.

York County—At Lambton J. A. Edwards found a nest in a birch on June 16,
1925 (with two young and three eggs) and another (with five eggs) in a
spruce on June 9, 1926, and at Humber Marsh, Toronto, R. A. Smith found
a nest with two eggs on May 31, 1936.

9. BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON NVYCTICORAX NYCTICORAX

This heron has been known to nest in the province in only five
counties”, 8° along our southern border. It is not common asa breeding
species and is quite irregularly distributed. Pelee island is the only large
nesting place at the present time, although others probably exist.
Hicks?’ records the existence of an extremely large colony on West

10 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Sister islands, Ohio (near Pelee island) but Barrows‘? states that he knew
of no record of its breeding in Michigan. Like most of the herons, imma-
tures of this species wander northward after leaving their rearing places
and the most northern record seems to be on the Magnetewan river®?®
near Emsdale, Parry Sound District.

The Canadian form of this species is nycttcorax hoacilt.

Essex County—At Pelee island a colony was discovered on August 9, 1930 by
Professor Rudolf Bennitt of the University of Missouri!**. On June 6, 1932,
F. H. Emery visited it or another colony and counted twenty nests; he
returned on the 24th and collected three young, which are in R.O.M.Z. On
the 26th he found another occupied colony of eleven nests. On June 3and 4,
1933, Mr. Emery showed us the two colonies, in which we counted forty and
ten nests respectively. On July 3, 1936, about 100 nests were occupied,
according to H. H. Southam.

Lambton County, St. Clair flats—Mr. Meredith told P. A. Taverner*‘ that there
was a large colony breeding on the ground in the marsh at Walpole island in
1909 and P. Harrington has a set of three eggs taken from a large colony
“at the flats’? on May 14, 1921, by W. Purdy.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—Three nests (two young in trees) were examined
on July 23, 1936 by G. W. North.

York County, Toronto—About four pairs nested in the dense willows near
Leslie’s nurseries, Ashbridge’s bay, about 1872, according to J. Townson.

10. AMERICAN BITTERN BOTAURUS LENTIGINOSUS

This Bittern is a common nesting bird of Ontario, taking up its
residence wherever there is suitable marshy habitat.

There is little doubt that it breeds throughout the province. Forster?®
recorded its breeding at Severn river, on Hudson bay, it breeds at
Moose Factory!” (as well as locally at Churchill, in Manitoba’), and
generally in Ontario north from Lakes Erie and Ontario, west at least
to Lake of the Woods.

Carleton County, Patterson’s creek, Ottawa—Set of four eggs in N.M.C. was
taken on May 25, 1900 by A. Wilson.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Young bird in N.M.C. was taken on July 9, 1913
by Cosh Young:

Frontenac County, Kingston—Two nests with four young were found on June 12,
1922 by E. Beaupre; one of these contained five eggs on May 17, 1922.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Found breeding
in 1920 according to letter from W. Rowan.

Kent County, Rondeau—Set of four eggs, in R.O.M.Z., was taken there on June
9, 1914, by A. A. Wood.

Ontario County, Simcoe point, Pickering—Nest with three young and one egg
was found on June 28, 1985 by H. H. Southam.

Simcoe County—Nest with five pipped eggs was found on June 7, 1929, at Orr
lake, nest with four eggs at Collingwood on June 3, 1928, nest with four eggs

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO tt

at Marl lake on June 6, 1929 and nest with five eggs at Mac on June 9, 1929,
all by us.

Thunder Bay District—Nest with four eggs was found at Port Arthur on June
14, 1929 by L. S. Dear and nest with two eggs was found on June 29, 1924
by R.D. Ussher near Makina lake on Upper Blackwater river, Lake Nipigon.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Nest with three young and one egg and nest with
four eggs were found by us on June 11,1932. The latter eggs are in R.O.M.Z.

York County—Nest with five young was found on June 9, 1935, by R. D. Ussher,
at Kelly lake. J. L. Baillie saw young on the seventh Humber marsh,
Toronto, on August 5, 1933.

1}, LEASE, SILTLERN, \1XOBRYCHUS EXILIS

This is an uncommon breeding bird of the more southern sections of
Ontario, north at least to the Bruce peninsula’ (west side of Georgian
bay) Lake Nipissing and Ottawa?’,!®. Its northern limit is probably
southern Algoma District as it is known to nest?!’ at Manuscong bay,
Michigan, in northern Lake Huron.

In a few localities it becomes quite common, for example at Mar! lake
(Simcoe County), Toronto and Long Point?’, but even at these places
it appears to occupy only certain favoured sections of the marshes, in
little colonies, in which connection it is interesting to note that Barrows‘?
records that two collectors once found twenty occupied nests in a single
day in Ingham County, southern Michigan.

A colour variety of this species (once considered a distinct species,
Ixobrychus neoxena) formerly bred at Toronto.

Our form of the Least Bittern is exilis exilis.

Frontenac County, Collins’ lake—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found by E.
Beaupre on May 31, 1904.

Kent County, Jeanette’s creek—Set of four eggs taken by H. Gould on June 13,
1898, is in R.O.M.Z.

Middlesex County, London—Nested at W. E. Saunders’ ponds in 1925, according
to Mr. Saunders.

Nipissing District, near elbow of West bay, Lake Nipissing—Set of three eggs
collected on June 24, 1934, by D. Chitty, is in R.O.M.Z.

Norfolk County—Adult was seen feeding young out of the nest in 1934 by
H. Fulcher.

Ontario County, Frenchman’s bay—Nest with two eggs was collected on June 9,
1929, by C. E. Hope.

Peterborough County, Lakefield—Egg in R.O.M.Z. was secured about 1914 by
A. M. Fitzgerald.

Simcoe County—Colony of six pairs was found at Marl lake on June 6, 1929.
Two of the nests contained four eggs, three contained five eggs and one six
eggs. Another nest with five eggs was found on June 5, 1928, all by us.
There is a set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. taken at Little lake on July 13,
1924 by H. P. Bingham.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—R. O. Merriman examined a juvenile on July 30,
1921.

12 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

York County, Toronto—Nest with five eggs was found on May 22, 1915 by
P. Harrington at Humber marsh. J. H. Samuel and J. P. Turner found a
nest with five eggs at Toronto island on June 25, 1899 and on June 25, 1891
J. .. Jackson took a set of four eggs (in R.O.M.Z.).

12, CANADA GOOSE BRANTA CANADENSIS

The Canada Goose breeds fairly commonly along the coasts of
James** and Hudson bays??, *5, §§, between Moose river®, ®!,!7° and
Churchill’. There is a downy young in N.M.C. taken at South Twin
island (just beyond the borders of the province) in James bay on July 18,
1920 by F. Johansen and Sir John Richardson'** quotes George Barnston
to the effect that geese of this species were hatching on June 10, 1839?
(flying in August) at Martin’s Falls, on the Albany river.

Recent maps!‘ indicate, perhaps correctly, that this bird may breed
in the whole of northern Ontario, north of Lake Superior and the southern
end of James bay.

The several instances of this bird nesting in southern and central
Ontario almost undoubtedly concern injured or semi-domesticated
individuals, and in this connection it is interesting to note that Barrows’?
states that it once nested more or less commonly ‘‘all over’’ Michigan!

The subspecies breeding in Ontario is considered to be canadensis
canadensis.

183. MALLARD DUCK _ § ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS

Typically a bird of the western prairies, the Mallard has been found
nesting in Ontario at only a few localities, sparingly in the western
section of southern Ontario?’, 4 and not uncommonly in the extreme
western part!® of the province, adjacent to Manitoba!”

It is probably a more or less common summer resident west of Port
Arthur. |
The Ontario Mallards are referred to platyrhynchos platyrhynchos.

Kenora District—At Indian bay, Lake of the Woods, it was found breeding (in
1920) ‘‘in the reedy corners of the bay and lakes and in the small swamps,
scarce...’ (W. Rowan?’). Professor Rowan informs us that the above
statement includes the Ontario or eastern end of Indian bay. It was found
to be nesting commonly during the summer of 1930 on the Manitoba
boundary between Lat. 53-54° N. by D. R. Derry and Murray!™ has re-
corded its presence at Severn House and Trout lake station in the extreme
northern section of the province.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Not a common summer resident, according
to L. S. Dear, who found a nest with eleven eggs on May 19, 1931.

Tue DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 13

14. BLACK DUCK _ ANAS RUBRIPES

In Ontario the Black Duck is the most common and most widely
distributed of the ducks, breeding from Lakes Erie and Ontario, north to
Cape Hope at the mouth of the Severn river, Hudson bay®®, the west
coast of James bay”, 87 and west at least to Port Arthur!”®,

The form of this species occupying the extreme northern parts of
Ontario®® has been considered to be rubripes rubripes and the form in
southern and central Ontario rubripes tristis, but even if two forms breed
here, their respective breeding ranges have not been definitely worked
out in Ontario.

Algoma District, Lower Green lake, township 4B, Mississagi Forest reserve—
Adult was seen with brood of small young on June 22, 1923 by R. D. Ussher.

Cochrane District—Juvenile male, collected between Moose and Albany rivers
on July 3, 1920 by F. Johansen, is in N.M.C. A nest with eleven eggs
was found near Kapuskasing on June 20, 1925, by R. D. Ussher.

Durham County, Cartwright township, on Lake Scugog—Very small young
were seen on June 3, 1924 by E. W. Calvert.

Essex County—W. E Saunders has a set of ten eggs taken at Point Pelee on
May 4, 1913; we saw a brood of small young on Pelee island on June 3, 1933.

Frontenac County, Collins’ lake—Three eggs from set of ten collected by E.
Beaupre on April 28, 1905, are in R.O.M.Z.

Leeds County, Delta—Nest with ten eggs was found on June 14, 1932 by C. L.
Broley.

Parry Sound District—Nest and one egg were found at Sans Souci on May 23,
1921 by P. Harrington. At Pickerel lake, east of Burk’s Falls, J. L. Baillie
saw six or eight large flightless young on July 14, 19385. A nest with five
eggs isin R.O.M.Z., taken by C. H. D. Clarke at Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing,
on June 10, 1933.

Sudbury District, Sylvanite lake, near Chapleau— Young were seen on July 22,
1934 by R. D. Black.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—A nest with ten eggs was collected on June
12, 1927 by L. S. Dear and a nest with seven eggs was seen by us on June 8,
1935.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—We saw parent with two young on June 11, 1932
and F. Starr found a nest with nine eggs on May 31, 1930.

15. PINTAIL. DAFILA-ACUTA

This duck is known to nest in Ontario only along the west coast of
James bay, where W. Spreadborough” found it breeding commonly,
chiefly north of the Albany river, in 1904; and there is a young bird
without wing-feathers in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam-
bridge, Mass., which had been secured at Fort George, Quebec, on the
east coast of James bay.

It is a common nesting species at Churchill? (outside of our boun-
daries to the north-west) and it likely occupies the southern shore of

14 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Hudson bay! and the extreme western parts of the province (ad-
jacent to Manitoba®") as a more or less common summer resident. There
is a single nesting record for southern Ontario‘? given below, and in
addition, J. C. Phillips’? mentions that he ‘‘saw several late broods
unable to fly as late as October 2, 1916’ at Long Point, on Lake Erie.
Barrows’®, gives a nesting record for the Michigan (west) shore of Lake
Huron and Hicks?°’ states that a few pairs breed regularly in Lucas,
Ottawa and Sandusky Counties, Ohio, on the south shore of Lake Erie.
The North American Pintail is acuta tzttzthoa.
Kent County, Erieau—A set of nine eggs, taken on May 22, 1890, by W. E.

Saunders, is Set No. 3474 in his collection. He informs us by letter that
the female bird was flushed from the nest.

16. GREEN-WINGED TEAL NETTION CAROLINENSE

Little is known of the status of this duck as a breeding bird of Ontario.

It has been reported breeding commonly on both sides of James
bay (an adult female in N.M.C. was secured by F. Johansen on July 3,
1920 between Moose and Albany rivers) and also in less numbers at
Severn river, on Hudson bay”’.

It probably breeds regularly also in the extreme western parts of
the province, adjacent to Manitoba™*. It is given as breeding also at
Ottawa’, probably in error, and Barrows? states that it used to breed
on Neebish island, near Sault Ste. Marie, in Michigan.

17. BLUE-WINGED TEAL QUERQUEDULA DISCORS

This little duck breeds sparingly® throughout southern Ontario!’
north at least to Lake Nipissing!** and Ottawa?’. In the southern part
of extreme western Ontario, between Lake Superior“ and the Manitoba
boundary, the Blue-winged Teal probably also breeds?*, the area is
included in its nesting range in recent works! and it is known to breed
in Cook County, Minnesota!”® adjacent to Ontario, on the west coast of
Lake Superior and at Neebish island, near Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.*9

Strangely enough, the species nests also at Churchill’, in extreme
northern Manitoba and there is a drake in R.O.M.Z. secured at Moose
Factory, on James bay, on May 19, 1930, by S. Waller.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Nine one-day old juveniles, taken on June 6, 1913,
are in N.M.C.

Lambton County, St. Anne’s island, St. Clair flats—Bred there, according to J.
Maughan.

Middlesex County, near London—A nest with eggs was found on June 18, 1926,
according to W. E. Saunders.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 15

York County, Toronto—Brood of young was seen on August 10, 1933 by T. F.
Mcllwraith® at Grenadier pond. R. J. Rutter and T. F. Mcllwraith saw
two young with parent at Ashbridge’s bay on July 11, 1931, where a pair
nested in 1907 (eggs hatched August 7) and in 1912 (nest and eggs photo-
graphed by A. S. Goss, according to J. A. Munro.)

18. SHOVELLER SPATULA CLYPEATA

The only records of this western duck raising its young within the
borders of Ontario are those of MacCallum?!8, who states that he saw
parents with young on the Grand river near Dunnville, Haldimand
County, in the summers of 1886 and 1887.

Hicks? states that these ducks breed in four Ohio counties on the
south shore of Lake Erie, and their nesting on the Ontario side of the
same lake does not seem surprising.

19. WOOD DUCK AIx SPONSA

The Wood Duck is a rare nesting species in the more southern
parts*® of Ontario, north at least to Parry Sound District,?® north
Hastings County’ and Renfrew County** and probably somewhat
northward as there are records of its occurrence! at Mississagi marsh
on the north shore of Lake Huron, from Kenora*! (Lake of the Woods),
Sudbury!®, Moose Factory and Trout Lake station!** in the extreme
northern part of the province. Also Barrows?® states that it breeds in
Marquette County, Michigan, on the south shore of Lake Superior.

Formerly its numbers were much greater than at present, and Long
Point on Lake Erie appears to be one of its last strongholds in this
province.

Grey County, Meaford—Female was seen with young in June, 1926, by W. J.
Linn.

Hastings County, Madawaska river—Quite a number breed, according to J.
Townson.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Norfolk County, Turkey Point—Seen with young by G. W. Knechtel, and a nest
with young was located in a chimney, according to H. Fulcher.

Peterborough County, Belmont lake, near Havelock—Young were seen on August
15, 1897, by J. H. Samuel.

Simcoe County, Nottawasaga river—Breeds sparingly, according to P. Harring-
ton.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—Bred in the Dundas marsh, prior to 1877,
according to C. W. Nash.

York County, Toronto—Three or more pairs formerly nested in the impenetrable
bog behind Leslie’s nurseries, and they bred also at Small’s pond until 1880,
according to J. Townson*,

16 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

20. RING-NECKED DUCK _ § NYROCA COLLARIS

Although this duck should occur during the breeding season in many
parts of northern and western Ontario, the only known nesting places
are at Lac Seul'*8 and at Whitefish lake, in southern Kenora and southern
Thunder Bay Districts, respectively.

It has been found in summer also at Lake Abitibi*!, Cochrane District.

Kenora District, Lac Seul—Female and six downy young, taken on July 12, 1919
by D. Blakeley are in N.M.C.

Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—Set of nine eggs was taken on June 14,
1931 and another set of nine eggs was found on June 10, 1935 by L. S. Dear.
The former set is in R.O.M.Z. We saw the latter nest with nine eggs on
June 11, 1935, when they were collected by F. Starr. L.S. Dear also found
two nests with eight eggs and one nest with thirteen eggs on June 16, 1929.

21. LESSER SCAUP DUCK NYROCA AFFINIS

Formerly this species nested regularly in the larger marshes* along
the southern border of the province east to Toronto.

Now it is one of the rarest breeding ducks in the province and the
only recent breeding record of which we are aware has been recorded by
Townson*® from Toronto.

Haliburton-Hastings Counties border, between Baptiste and Elephant lakes—
Female was seen with brood of flightless young in the flooded timberland
during the first week of September, 1923, by C. F. Haultain.

Lambton County, Walpole island, St. Clair flats#*—A downy young bird, which
was with five others on the parent female’s back, secured about 1900 by
W. G. A. Lambe, is in R.O.M.Z.

Ontario County, Frenchman’s bay—A set of eggs was taken by H. V. McIntyre.

22. COMMON GOLDEN-ZEYE GUAUCIONETTIA CLANGULA

This is one of the most common and characteristic breeding ducks
of the central and northern parts of Ontario”, !°, % from Lat. 45°23, 4,
to the shore of Hudson bay”, 1%, west to Lac Seul, in Kenora District.
The North American subspecies is clangula americana.

Cochrane District—At Bank’s lake, Staples township, near Kapuskasing, a
female was seen with seven young on June 29, 1925 by R. D. Ussher. E.
Dixon has a set of six eggs from Lake Abitibi.

Kenora District, Lac Seul—Four flightless young, taken by D. Blakeley on
July 21, 1919, are in N.M.C.

Muskoka District, Honey Harbour—Bred regularly, according to C. W. Nash.

Nipissing District, Temagami—Nests, according to A. F. Coventry.

Simcoe County, Orillia—A young bird, two-thirds grown, taken on September 14,
about 1888, by Dr. Walker, is in R.O.M.Z.

Thunder Bay District—A nest and eight eggs were collected at Port Arthur on

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 17

May 25, 1931 by L.S. Dear. We saw a nest containing six eggs at Whitefish
lake on June 7, 1935. These are now in the possession of F. Starr. Many
broods of four to twelve young were seen along Blackwater river, Lake
Nipigon, between June 26 and July 10, 1924 by R. D. Ussher.

23. BUFFLE-HEAD CHARITONETTA ALBEOLA

This little duck has been recorded as breeding at Severn river, on
Hudson bay?? and in Sudbury District'® and as Bent*? includes the
south-western coasts of Hudson and James bays in its breeding range,
it likely nests in other parts of the northern sections of the province**.
Murray!®* records the species from Severn House, Trout Lake station
and Moose Factory, in extreme northern Ontario.

Old records of the species breeding at the Lake St. Clair flats®, ”, °°
lack details and were probably erroneous.

24. HOODED MERGANSER LOPHODYTES CUCULLATUS

This small merganser, although not common and seldom recorded
as a summer resident of Ontario, probably occupies*, '°, 1°4, the greater
part of the province during the breeding season, in suitable unfrequented
localities.

Its northern breeding limit is reached at northern James bay! and
probably in the vicinity of Lake of the Woods and the Minnesota boun-
dary, as it breeds in Lake County, Minn.!” (adjacent to Ontario).
Murray!’ records the species from Trout Lake, in extreme northern
Ontario.

Algoma District, Pangis—Three young were seen on August 21, 1925, by K.
Christofferson.

Frontenac County, near Bob’s lake—About April 28, 1905, two nests were
found by E. Beaupre, one with five and the other with seven eggs. The
former set was in the possession of C. J. Young.

Lennox and Addington County, Buckshot lake—Young have been seen by C. H.
D. Clarke.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—S. L. Thompson saw a female with flock of
young on July 26, 1907.

Nipissing District, Algonquin Park—Was found breeding in 1900 by W. Spread-
borough.

Parry Sound District—Female was seen with at least one small young on July 16,
1935 by J. L. Baillie at Pickerel lake, east of Burk’s Fallsand R. J. Rutter
has seen young at Katrine.

Simcoe County, Jack’s lake, Nottawasaga river—A female with seven downy
young was seen by us on June 4, 1928.

Thunder Bay District, Saganogons lake—Nest and six eggs were collected on
May 16, 1934 (eggs in R.O.M.Z.) and set of thirteen eggs on May 23, 1931
by L. S.,. Dear.

18 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

25. COMMON MERGANSER MERGUS MERGANSER

The Common Merganser breeds rather commonly throughout
Ontario from the St. Lawrence river** and Southern Lake Huron north
to Lake Nipigon!® (and probably westward!) and northern Cochrane
district’, '®. The North American form of this species is called the
American Merganser, merganser americanus, by most authors.

Algoma District, Mississagi Forest reserve—Female was seen with six half-grown
young on July 11, 1923 by R. D. Ussher.

Cochrane District, Bank’s lake, Staples township, near Kapuskasing—Female
was seen with young on June 24, 1925 by R. D. Ussher.

Frontenac County, Horseshoe island—Set of four eggs was found on May 10,
1906, by E. Beaupre and set of nine eggs in N.M.C. was taken on May 12,
1903 by Beaupre.

Haliburton District, Maple lake—Female was seen with eighteen young July
3-6, 19385 by members of R.O.M.Z. field-party, L. L. Snyder, T. M. Shortt
and C. E. Hope.

Lambton County, Kettle Point—Two females with about 18 small young were
seen by J. M. Speirs on June 29, 1936.

Muskoka District—Flightless young in R.O.M.Z. were taken on July 12, 1900
by A. Kay at Port Sydney., At Rebecca lake, W. C. Mansell observed a
female with 26 young in July, 1934. At Go Home Bay a nest with seven
eggs (one in R.O.M.Z.) was found in a chimney in May, 1935, according to
A. T. DeLury.

Nipissing District—Downy young, secured on June 26, 1930, by A. F. Coventry
at Lynx island, Temagami, isin R.O.M.Z. At Goose island, Lake Nipissing,
W. E. Ricker found nests with eight and seven eggs on June 30, 1929, and
a downy young in R.O.M.Z. was secured on June 10, 1929 by F. P. Ide, south
of Sandy island.

Peterborough County, Belmont lake—Young were seen in the summer of 1897
by J. H. Samuel, according to his diary in the possession of J. H. Fleming.

Simcoe County—At Penetanguishene, a downy female was collected on June 11,
1935 by T. M. Shortt and at Barrie H. B. Haugh secured two downy young
on June 26, 1920.

Thunder Bay District—Set of sixteen eggs taken at Saganaga lake on May 18,
1933 by J. D. Jacob, isin R.O.M.Z. At Port Arthur L. S. Dear found a set
of eight eggs on June 8, 1913.

26. RED-BREASTED MERGANSER_ MERGUS SERRATOR

Little is known of the breeding of this merganser in Ontario. It is
known to rear its young at the east end of Lake Ontario (in Frontenac
and Lennox Counties), at the north shore of Lake Superior and Lake
Nipigon!® (Thunder Bay District), downy young have been taken on
August 6, 1920, at Boat harbour, Great Whale river, on the Quebec side
of Hudson bay (just outside of our province) and Phillips? states that
the United States Biological Survey has a record of its breeding at ‘‘Lake
of the Woods’’”.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 19

It is decidedly less common than the American Merganser and is
apparently of somewhat more northern distribution, nesting commonly
at Churchill, Manitoba’ (on Hudson Bay) where the American Mer-
ganser is absent. Breeding records for Cook County, Minnesota!”,
suggest that its nesting range extends westward to the Manitoba boun-
dary.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of seven eggs was taken by E. Beaupre on
June 10, 1910.

Lennox and Addington County, Brothers island—A set of eight eggs in R.O.M.Z.
was collected on June 28, 1905, by C. K. Clarke.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Fairly common breeder; set of eight eggs
was obtained on June 22, 1932 by L. S. Dear.

24. ble VULTURE . CATHARTES AURA

The Turkey Vulture is known to breed (in small numbers) only in
the extreme south-western counties of Huron, Lambton*’ and Middlesex,
in Grey County (south Georgian bay) in extreme western Ontario
at Lake of the Woods?® and in eastern Rainy River District.

There are records of its summer occurrence, east to Lennox and
Addington County and north to Moose Factory?’ (June, 1898) and Fort
Severn! (August?, 1931) but definite nesting evidence is lacking, and.
the species is known to wander from its breeding places considerably.

Our form of this species is aura septentrionalis.

Grey County, Walter’s Falls—One shot on July 7, 1934, by S. Craig, is in
R.O.M.Z.; and another farmer reports finding a nest with one egg, accord-
ing to L. H. Beamer.

Huron County, Grand Bend—Nests, according to W. E. Saunders.

Kenora District, Thompson’s island, 7 miles south-west of Kenora, Lake of the
Woods—Nest with two well-grown young was found among boulders on
ledge on rock-cliff in July, 1919, by B. C. Brough. A photograph of one of
the nestlings, by A. G. Lawrence, appeared in the Manitoba Free Press,
December 7, 1935.

Middlesex County—Two young were obtained by C. Zavitz at Coldstream from
a hollow log. They were mounted by J. A. Morden and are now in the
Ontario Agricultural College at Guelph, according to A. A. Wood, who states
also that he has a photograph of a nest with two eggs found near Denfield by
R. McEwen.

Rainy River District, Knife and Basswood lakes, eastern section of district—
Nests have been found by Indians, according to J. D. Jacob.

28. AMERICAN GOSHAWK_ ASTUR ATRICAPILLUS

This is a rare breeding hawk of central” and northern Ontario from
Muskoka District and north Frontenac County to the Severn river (on
the south shore of Hudson bay)** west at least to Thunder Bay Dis-
trict, and probably to Lake of the Woods!”.

There is a set of two eggs in N.M.C. taken at Great Whale river,

20 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Quebec!”® and also an adult and two downy young secured on May 16,
1912 at Chelsea, Quebec by F. C. Hennessey, both of which, of course,
are just beyond the borders of Ontario.

The form of the Goshawk in eastern Canada is atricapillus atricapillus.

Frontenac County, Sharbot lake—E. Beaupre saw a set of eggs collected by
C. J. Young on May 10, 1900.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Several nests have been seen by A. Kay and
adult females in R.O.M.Z. were taken by him on June 9, 1890 and August 7,
1887.

Temiskaming District, Annina—Female and nestling taken on July 10, 1906, by
W. B. Rubridge, are in the collection of J. H. Fleming.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Regular but very scarce breeder; a nest
with three eggs was found on May 2, 1933 by L. S. Dear.

29. SHARP-SHINNED HAWK _ §ACCIPITER VELOX

This small hawk is a fairly common and well distributed summer
resident of the province north to High lake, near Ingolf (Lake of the
Woods, Kenora District?®) and Lake Abitibi*!, breeding north and west
to Thunder Bay District and probably throughout its summer range.

Its occurrence at Moose Factory is also recorded by Macoun! and
a male in R.O.M.Z. was secured there on May 22, 1930 by S. Waller.

The North American subspecies is velox velox.

Frontenac County, Sharbot lake—Set of four eggs, taken by E. Beaupre, on June
6, 1905, is in R.O.M.Z.

Hastings County, Madoc—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found on June 7,
1927 by E. Beaupre.

Huron County, Goderich—Young, just out of the nest, were found by C. H. D.
Clarke, in August, 1933.

Middlesex County, Komoka—A set of five eggs was taken on May 29, 1915 by
W. E. Saunders.

Ontario County—Set of five eggs (found by T. M. Shortt) taken on May 19,
1935 at Glen Major by R. V. Lindsay, is in R.O.M.Z. J. L. Baillie was
shown a nest (in R.O.M.Z.) at Pickering by J. Edmonds on September 8,
1928, from which five young had been reared.

Simcoe County, Barrie—Nest, female parent and three young, taken by H. B.
Haugh on August 3, 1919, are in R.O.M.Z.

Sudbury District, Wahnapitae bay—Young just out of the nest were seen on
August 1, 1929 by J. M. Speirs.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of five eggs was taken on June 1, 1913,
by L. S. Dear.

Victoria County, Woodville—Set of five eggs was taken on May 30, 1931, by
P. Harrington.

York County, Pottageville—Set of three eggs was taken by S. L. Thompson on
May 15, 19338.

30. COOPER’S HAWK _ §ACCIPITER COOPERI

This hawk is less common than the Sharp-shinned Hawk, especially
in the north, but its breeding range is more southern than the range of

eee ee

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO Zt

that species, from the southern border™® north to Muskoka District,
and west to Port Arthur.

Durham County, Port Hope—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 3,
1903 by N. H. Meeking and T. Burt.

Essex County, Pelee island—Set of three eggs was taken by P. Harrington on
June 4, 1933.

Frontenac County, Sharbot lake—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
May 18, 1904, by E. Beaupre.

Leeds County, Westport—Nest with young was seen about August 1, 1934 by
LoL. Snyder.

Lincoln County, Niagara-on-the-lake—Set of two eggs, taken on May 10, 1910,
by F. Garrett, is in R.O.M.Z.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Female and set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. were
taken on Mav 13, 1927 by A. Kay.

Simcoe County, Jack’s lake—Set of three eggs was taken on June 16, 1928, by
P. Harrington.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of three eggs was taken on May 15,
1927, by LoS. Dear.

Wentworth County, Ancaster—Two eggs, taken from set of four on July 8, 1935,
by D. Hassell, are in R.O.M.Z.

York County, Pottageville—Set of four eggs was taken on May 5, 1929 by S. L.
Thompson.

31. RED-TAILED HAWK BUTEO BOREALIS

This hawk is a summer resident of Ontario’, ” breeding fairly com-
monly north to Parry Sound*? and southern Thunder Bay Districts!”
and possibly northward$, as the species was noted by R. D. Ussher during
the summer of 1926 and by P. A. Taverner and C. E. Johnson in July,
1919 near Kapuskasing, Cochrane District, *!, by the Museum party
at Lake Abitibi during 1925 and D. R. Derry found it to be common
during the summer of 1930 along the Manitoba boundary between
Lat. 53-54° N. The last-named record suggests that the western limits
of its breeding range may coincide with the western limits of the pro-
vince. It has been noted also along the Moose river by Spreadborough®”,
and at Churchill, Manitoba’.

Ontario birds are likely referable to borealis borealis.

Frontenac County, Sharbot lake—Bird was seen on nest on May 25, 1905 by
E. Beaupre.

Huron County, near Auburn—Nest was found in 1934 according to R. Smyth,

Lincoln County, Smithville—Nest with young was found on May 19, 1935 by
T. F. MclIlwraith.

Middlesex County, Longwood—A set of four eggs was taken by W. E. Saunders
on April 8, 1903.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

22 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Northumberland County, Cobourg—Eggs were collected by N. A. Powell
between 1861 and 1869.

Parry Sound District, Gordon bay—Was seen with young on August 16, 1932
by J. L. Baillie.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Two nests with young were found on June 5,
1927,.by L. S, Dear.

Wellington County, Elora—Set of two eggs, taken on April 30, 1898, by J. D.
Jacob, is in R.O.M.Z.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—Set of three eggs taken on April 6, 1905, by
E. S. Norman, is in R.O.M.Z.

32. RED-SHOULDERED HAWK _ §BUTEO LINEATUS

The Red-shouldered Hawk is a not uncommon breeding species of
southern Ontario, north to Lake Nipissing*® and east to Ottawa. It is
somewhat more numerous than the Red-tailed Hawk”,*? in many
southern and eastern localities, but its range of course is considerably
more restricted.

There are a few summer records for northern Ontario, including Lake
Abitibi*! (seen by R.O.M.Z. party in 1925) and southern Algoma district
(noted during the summer of 1923 by R. D. Ussher in the Mississagi
Forest reserve).

The Canadian race is lineatus lineatus.

Carleton County, Britannia—Parent female, set of four eggs and nest, taken by
J. Arkell on April 20, 1929 are in N.M.C.

Durham County—At Bowmanville a nest with large young was seen on June 29,
1927 by A. E. Allin. A set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was secured on May 10,
1911, by N. H. Meeking at Port Hope.

Elgin County, Aylmer—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was collected by R. T.
Anderson.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Nest has been found, according to W. E. Saunders.

Frontenac County, Crow lake—Set of two eggs, in R.O.M.Z., was taken by E.
Beaupre on April 29, 1919. }

Leeds County, near Lansdowne—Set of two eggs in N.M.C. was collected on
April 16, 1898, by C. J. Young.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Peterborough County, Lily lake—A set of four eggs in N.M.C. was collected
on April 24, 1900 by N. H. Meeking?"°,

Wellington County, Elora—A set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on April
26, 1898, by J. D. Jacob.

York County—A nest with three eggs was found by us at Kleinburg on April 14,
1935. The set of eggs was collected by R. V. Lindsay on the 19th. At
Highland creek, W. P. Young took a set of three eggs on May 25, 1910.
Three young in nest at Pottageville (found by R. J. Rutter on April 20, 1935)
were photographed and banded on July 13 by C. E. Molony and O. E.
Devitt. At Weston, J. H. Fleming took a set of two eggs on April 1, 1894
(insROUMEZs);

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 23

33. BROAD-WINGED HAWK _§BUTEO PLATYPTERUS

This is the most common and most characteristic summer resident
hawk of central#! and northern Ontario, breeding from Middlesex
County” and Leeds County” north at least to Thunder Bay and Sudbury
Districts, somewhat less commonly in the south. There is little doubt
that its breeding range extends north to James bay (as Spreadborough
observed it commonly along the Moose river in June, 1896) and west
to Lake of the Woods (noted during the summer of 1920 at Indian bay,
Manitoba*? by Rowan).

North American Broad-winged Hawks are platypterus platypterus.

Frontenac County, Sharbot lake—Set of two eggs taken on May 25, 1905,.bv
E. Beaupre, is in R.O.M.Z.

Haliburton District, Wilberforce—A set of three eggs is in the possession of E.
Dixon.

Hastings County, northern part—E. Beaupre saw adult on nest on May 29, 1919.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Both parents and two nestlings, taken by A.
Kay on June 26, 1900, are in R.O.M.Z.

Nipissing District, Cache lake, Algonquin Park—Was found breeding in 1900 by
W. Spreadborough.

Parry Sound District, Sundridge—Nest with young has been found in August by
J. M. Speirs.

Sudbury District, near Gogama—Nest was found in June, 1931, by J. A. Brodie.

Temiskaming District—Two young were taken from nest near Haileybury in
July, 1935 and sent to Toronto Zoo by P.O. Pronovost; J. H. Fleming has
two young taken from nest at Annina on July 20, 1906 by W. B. Rubridge?",

Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—Nest was found on May 22, 1927 by L. S.
Dear. It contained twoeggs. Wesawa nest with two eggs on June 2, 1935.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Set of two eggs was taken on June 1, 1931, by .
P. Harrington, and we saw one at nest on June 11, 1932.

34. BALD EAGLE HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS

The Bald Eagle is found locally in summer throughout the province”',
breeding*®’ from Lakes Erie and Ontario north at least to Lake Nipigon!®
and Temiskaming District.

D. R. Derry noted the species on August 4, 1930, at Cocos lake on
the Sagawitchewan river near Lat. 54° N. on the Manitoba boundary,
where its western breeding limit in Ontario is probably reached. Its
northern limit may extend to James bay (one seen at Moose Factory
on August 29, 1931 by T. F. MclIlwraith). W. E. Saunders!’ has esti-
mated that the number of Bald Eagles in Ontario has been decreased
ninety per cent. since the advent of the white man.

Our form is considered to be leucocephalus alascanus.

Frontenac County—W. E. Shelburne took a set of two eggs” (in R.O.M.Z.) on
Simcoe island on April 28, 1900, from a nest which had been occupied for

24 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

thirteen successive years. C. J. Young and E. Beaupre collected a set of
three eggs on Horseshoe island on April 16, 1901 and E. Beaupre took a set
of three eggs on Horseshoe island on April 10, 1902.

Haldimand County, Port Maitland—Nest was occupied there in 1935 according
to W. Gilmore.

Kent County, Rondeau—Pair was seen at nest on May 19 and 21, 1934 by J. L.
Baillie and others.

Lambton County, Stony point—Downy young taken from nest on April 10, 1920,
by A. A. Wood, is in R.O.M.Z.

Lennox and Addington County, Amherst island—Set of three eggs taken by E.
Beaupre on April 3, 1921 is in R.O.M.Z.

Nipissing District, Temagami—Nest with at least two young was seen on
August 19, 1929 by A. F. Coventry.

Norfolk County, Fisher’s glen—Nest with one young was seen on farm of Harry
Gundry on June 30, 1935 by A. Buchanan.

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—Nest with one young was
seen on July 10, 19380 by A. F. Coventry.

Temiskaming District, Swastika—Nest was seen on August 11, 1931 by H. H.
Brown and H. G. Macklin.

Thunder Bay District, near Whitefish lake—L. S. Dear found a nest on May 4,
1931.

35. MARSH HAWK _ CIRCUS HUDSONIUS

The Marsh Hawk is one of the commonest, most conspicuous and
most widely-distributed of the hawks of Ontario’, * breeding in suitable
places from the southern border north at least to Lake Nipigon!? west
to the Manitoba boundary and more than likely throughout most, if
not all, of the province’, *°, 19%, as the species was often seen during the
summer of 1980 by D. R. Derry along the Manitoba boundary between
Lat. 53-54° N. and its abundance along both sides of James bay in
July and August, 1904, is attested by Spreadborough.

Durham County—Nest with five eggs found by E. W. Calvert on May 15, 1924,
contained four young and one addled egg on June 9, on Lake Scugog in
Cartwright township. At Hampton, A. E. Allin found a nest with four
eggs on July 5, 1927.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Set of three eggs taken by C. H. Young on May 24,
1912, is in N.M.C.

Frontenac County, Cataraqui—Nest with five eggs was found on May 11, 1924
by E. Beaupre.

Huron County, Goderich—Nest with six eggs was found on May 22, 1929 by
GOH: DY Clarke: .

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Bred fairly
plentifully in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Kent County, Rondeau—Nest found by us on June 12, 1933 contained four
young and one egg.

Simcoe County—Nest with four eggs was shown to J. L. Baillie at Minesing on
May 16, 1931 by T. M. Shortt and a nest with three voung just hatched,
was seen at De Grassi Point on June 10, 1934, by E. M. Walker.

eset ee

,s

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 2

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of six eggs was taken on May 24, 1924
and set of five eggs on June 16, 1924 by L. S. Dear.

Waterloo County, near New Hamburg—Nest with four eggs and two voung was
found on June 2, 1932 by R. D. Ussher.

York County—Nest with five eggs, found by C. E. Hope on May 19, 1929, was
shown to J. L. Baillie on May 24 at Pottageville. At Ashbridge’s bay,
Toronto, S. L. Thompson photographed a nest with four eggs on June 9, 1926.

36. OSPREY PANDION HALIAETUS

The Osprey is a conspicuous and not uncommon breeding hawk of
Ontario, from the east end of Lake Ontario and Victoria County north
to Moose Factory” and west to the Manitoba boundary at Lat. 53° N.

Canadian ospreys are referred to haliaetus carolinensis.

Algoma District, small lake near Kendogami lake, township 4C, Mississagi
Forest reserve—Parent was seen on nest containing young by R. D. Ussher
on July 3, 1928.

Frontenac County, Sydenham—Set of two eggs, taken by E. Beaupre on May 28,
1902 is in R.O.M.Z. and E. Beaupre took a set of three eggs on June 6, 1901.

Kenora District, Lake Mantaicia, Lat. 53° N. on the Manitoba boundary—Nest
was found in the summer of 1930 (young flying on July 2) by D. R. Derry.

Leeds County, Charleston lake—One egg from set of three taken on May 238,
1900 by W. E. Shelburne is in R.O.M.Z.

Nipissing District, Lower island in Hanging Stone lake, McCallum township—A
nest, found in 1921, was occupied for at least six years previous to that
according to H. W. Swaine.

Parry Sound District, Noganosh lake—Nest was seen in mid-August, 1929, by
W. E. Saunders and S. L. Thompson. Photographs of it were secured.
Peterborough County, Lake Koshamogabog, Methuen township—Some nests
were seen in August, 1895, by J. H. Samuel, according to his diary in the

possession of J. H. Fleming.

Sudbury District, Sylvanite lake, near Chapleau—Nest was seen in July, 1934
by R. D. Black.

Thunder Bay District—Scattered pairs nest on the tops of very high, dead pine
stubs at Port Arthur, according to L. S. Dear, who collected one egg on
May 30, 1929. R. D. Black found a nest (young nearby) on Fluor island,
Nipigon straits, on September 5, 1931.

Victoria County—Occupied nest was seen on May 25, 1934 at Emily creek,
Sturgeon lake, by F. Starr, who saw young out of the nest there on August 28,
1932. At Norland a nest with young was seen on August 19, 1933 by
Margaret H. Mitchell. J. A. Edwards has a set of five eggs taken at Kirk-
field on June 6, 1913 and at Balsam lake two young were taken from nest
on July 26, 1935 and sent to Toronto Zoo.

37. PEREGRINE FALCON = FALCO PEREGRINUS

This Falcon is a rare breeding bird of Ontario but scattered pairs nest
wherever there are suitable rock-cliffs north from Leeds'* and Grey

26 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Counties*. Its northern limit appears to be reached in Thunder Bay
District, although it seems likely that it extends northward probably to
Hudson bay’, !, “4, !% and westward to along the Minnesota boundary!” .

The American variety of this species is called Duck Hawk, peregrinus
anatum.

Frontenac County, Crow lake—Set of five eggs taken on April 19, 1929 and
set of two eggs taken on May 5, 1917 by E. Beaupre are in R.O.M.Z. On
June 14, 1920, three young were at the nest and on June 9, 1921 two small
young and one infertile egg according to Beaupre.

Grey County, Redwing—O. E. Devitt and F. H. Emery examined nest with four
eggs on June 3, 1934 and saw young awing on July 1, 1933.

Haliburton District, Drag lake—Nest with young on cliff was found on June 24,
1933 by F. Starr.

Leeds County, Charleston lake—Two sets of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. were taken
on May 2, 1901 (by W. E. Shelburne) and June 10, 1913 (by E. Beaupre).
A set of four eggs was found also by Beaupre on April 23, 1903.

Muskoka District—Two pairs have nested regularly for nearly fifty years, one
on Skeleton lake (near Ufford) and the other on Devil’s Face near Asbin in
Stisted township, according to A. Kay. Two young were raised at the latter
place in 1934, according to J. H. Williams. At Honey Harbour, a nest with
four eggs was photographed on May 17, 1931 by G. F. Smith (on the 24th
two of the eggs had hatched). Aset of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken near
Beaumaris about May 20, 1897 for P. A. Taverner.

Nipissing District, Algonquin Park—A nest was found on cliff near Rock lake
on July 15, 1925 by W. E. Saunders, E. M. S. Dale and T. D. Patterson.
Some boys had just taken one of the nestlings. At Hogan’s lake, S. L.
Thompson found a nest with young on cliff on July 18, 1910.

Parry Sound District, Pickerel lake, a few miles east of Burk’s Falls—Nesting
rock was discovered on June 15, 1935 by R. Scadding. On July 8 or 9, the
four young, in down, were removed alive from the ledge by a cottager and
one of them was shown to J. L. Baillie on the 12th. On May 24, 1936 a
set of three eggs was secured by C. Scadding; these are now in the collec-
tion of P. Harrington.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Nest with four young (about one week old)
was found on June 4, 1933 by L. S. Dear.

38. PIGEON HAWK _§FALCO COLUMBARIUS

This small falcon breeds not uncommonly in suitable places from the
latitude of Haliburton District west to the west end of Lake Superior
and north at least!? to Severn river on Hudson bay?®. As it breeds
commonly at Churchill, Manitoba? it is likely that its nesting range
includes the whole of northern as well as central Ontario.

The Pigeon Hawk of Ontario is columbarius columbarius.

Haliburton District, Haliburton—A set of five eggs is in the possession of E.
Dixon.
Muskoka District, Lake Joseph—A set of four eggs taken on June 15, 1889 by

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 27

J. D. McMurrich” is in R.O.M.Z. as well as a set of four eggs taken on June l,
1892.

Nipissing District, Lynx island, Temagami—A pair nested in 1980, according to
A. F. Coventry.

Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—A set of four eggs was taken on June 15,
1929 by L. S. Dear and we obtained a set of four eggs on June 2, 1935.
L. S. Dear found another nest with four young on August 4, 1929.

39) AMERICAN SPARROW HAWKE. §FALCO SPARVERIUS

The Sparrow Hawk is fairly common and well-distributed in Ontario
as a breeding species, nesting at least north to Cochrane District*! and
west to the southern part of the Manitoba boundary”, !7°. North of
this, it was found to be fairly common in the summer of 1930 along the
Manitoba boundary between Lat. 53-54° N. by D. R. Derry.

Its northern limit is probably reached at James bay”. Like many
of our hawks, its numbers have been much reduced throughout most of
southern Ontario.

The form visiting Ontario is considered to be sparverius sparverius.

Cochrane District—At Smoky Falls, north of Kapuskasing, adults were seen
entering hole in stub on May 29, 1935 by D. A. MacLulich, and at Kapus-
kasing P. A. Taverner found a nest with small young on June 27, 1919.

Frontenac County, Rockwood—E. Beaupre had a set of five eggs taken by
F. Forsythe on April 23, 1896.

Kent County, Fargo—Young was taken on June 6, 1901 by W. E. Saunders.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Pair was found nesting in 1934 by G. J. Clout.

Middlesex County, Lambeth—Set of five eggs taken on May 21, 1902 is in
collection of W. E. Saunders.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Set of five eggs was taken on June 18, 1919 by
i. L. Snyder; it isin R.O.M.Z.

Peel County, Erindale—Four young and one addled egg were found in nest
(shown to J. L. Baillie) on June 27, 1926 by R. V. Lindsay. The nest was
located on May 1 and contained five eggs on June 6.

Simcoe County—Set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was obtained on July 6, 1920 by
H. P. Bingham at Midhurst. At Barrie he took a set of five eggs on June 6,
1915.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Fairly common; a set of two eggs was
secured on May 30, 1907 by L. S. Dear.

York County, Toronto—Set of five eggs was taken at Cedarvale on April 12,
1929 according to C. E. Hope; H. B. Haugh secured a set of five eggs (in
R.O.M.Z.) on May 31, 1916 at Forest Hill.

40. SPRUCE GROUSE CANACHITES CANADENSIS

The breeding ranges of the two forms of this species (canadensis
canace and canadensis canadensis) which are said to occur in Ontario,
have not been determined but there seems to be no doubt that the
typical canadensis canadensis is characteristic of the extreme northern

28 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

sections, while canadensis canace is the form in southern and central
Ontario.

The species is not uncommon and nests®,*° from Algonquin Park and
the vicinity of Ottawa” northward!’, !7°, 1%. Formerly its summer range
extended somewhat farther south* (a pair in R.O.M.Z. for example,
was shot by H. Buckhan about 1908 in Caledon township, Peel County).

‘yr?

Algoma District, near Big ‘ on Upper Mississagi river, Mississagi Forest
reserve—Nest with five eggs was found on May 31, 1923 by R. D. Ussher.

Cochrane District, near Kapuskasing—Flying young were seen on July 24, 1925
by R. D. Ussher.

Nipissing District, Nightingale, Peck and Hunter townships, Algonquin Park—
Found with young by M. Robinson. H. P. Bingham has two eggs taken
from nest by a park ranger.

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—Nest and six eggs found on
June 1, 1982 by D. A. MacLulich are in R.O.M.Z.

Sudbury District, Biscotasing—E. Dixon has a set of six eggs from there.

Thunder Bay District, Makina lake, upper Blackwater river, Lake Nipigon—A
nest with five eggs was found on June 25, 1924 by R. D. Ussher.

41. RUFFED GROUSE BONASA UMBELLUS

The Ruffed Grouse is a common!” and widely-distributed breeding
resident of Ontario ranging north to the Severn river on Hudson bay”®,
west to Lake of the Woods??. .

The form of this species in extreme southern Ontario has been called
umbellus umbellus, perhaps correctly, but the race resident in the greater
part of the province is umbellus togata.

Algoma District, Township 5C, Mississagi Forest reserve—One was seen with
brood of young on June 27, 1923 by R. D. Ussher.

Cochrane District—Brood was seen on August 7, 1933 by A. G. Crisp and P.
W. Ferris, two miles west of Fort Albany. They also saw a brood of six
chicks just able to fly on July 16, 1933, at mouth of Kenogami river.

Frontenac County, Pittsburg township—Set of eight eggs was found on April 30,
1896 by E. Beaupre.

Huron County, Benmiller—Downy young in R.O.M.Z. was secured on June 7,
1935 by C. E. Hope.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Bred freely in
1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Nest and seven eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
May 1d, 1933 by A. Kay.

Norfolk County, Woodhouse gore—Nest with twelve eggs found by J. Edmonds
on May 22, 1933 is in R.O.M.Z.

Peel County, Lorne Park—Nest with fourteen eggs was seen on May 17, 1929
by D. A. MacLulich.

Sudbury District, Sylvanite lake, near Chapleau—Brood of ten young was seen
on July 31, 19384 by R. D. Black.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of eight eggs was found on May 28,
1922 by L. S. Dear.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 29

42. WILLOW PTARMIGAN LAGOPUS LAGOPUS

The Willow Ptarmigan is found as a breeding species in Ontario only
along the extreme northern edge of the province, bordering James and
Hudson bays”, *> (young birds nearly full-grown were shot August 13,
1904, forty miles south of Cape Henrietta Maria, James bay, by W.
Spreadborough).

It is probably a fairly common species there in summer, as it is an
abundant summer inhabitant of Churchill, Manitoba?.

A small young bird taken near Boat harbour, Great Whale river,
Quebec (on the east shore of Hudson bay, just beyond the limits of
Ontario) is in the collection of N.M.C.

Ontario Willow Ptarmigan are probably lagopus albus.

43. SHARP-TAILED GROUSE PEDIOECETES PHASIANELLUS

The Sharp-tailed Grouse is a more or less common summer resident
of extreme northern and extreme western Ontario", in the vicinity of
James and Hudson bays’, and in the territory lying between Lake
Superior and Lake of the Woods* (breeding in some numbers on Isle
Royale, Lake Superior, Michigan, in 1904*9).

The breeding form in the extreme north is said to be phasianellus
phasianellus while the race occupying extreme western Ontario is con-
sidered to be phasianellus campestris (phastanellus campisylvicola of
Snyder!”, 1935), the two forms probably merging in north-western
Ontario.

Cochrane District—A fairly common breeder in the vicinity of Portage island
at the forks of the Missinabi and Mattagami rivers, according to J. C.
Swartman; chicks were seen on July 24, 1925 at Twin falls, near Lake
Abitibi by Mr. Seeley of the Abitibi Pulp and Paper Company.

Kenora District, north of Cobham river on Manitoba boundary, between Lat.
53-54° N.—D. R. Derry saw half-grown young on August 15, 1930.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—J. H. Fleming has a specimen from there
and L. S. Dear states that it breeds in some places thereabouts, but is not
common.

44. GRAY PARTRIDGE PERDIX PERDIX

This small partridge was evidently first imported and released (one
hundred brace) by the Ontario Department of Game and Fisheries*’, *, *
in Kent and Essex Counties about 1912-14 although the earliest record
of introduction!® concerns six birds released at Brantford, Brant County,
in 1909 by the Brantford Fish and Game Protective Association. It
has since been introduced into several counties of southern Ontario from

30 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Essex east to Leeds and north to Muskoka (at Huntsville, according to
A. Kay) and north Frontenac (seen on March 11, 1934 by R. V. Lindsay).
Its presence at Minaki in southern Kenora District is also vouched for
by A. G. Lawrence of Winnipeg, Manitoba, and forty pairs were liberated
in 1932 at Port Arthur, according to L. S. Dear. The birds were first
propagated'”® extensively by the Department in 1929 and their spread
has taken place since then,

As their introduction into western Canada*® has apparently proved
successful, it seems possible that they may increase and spread through-
out most of southern Ontario.

This bird has been variously called European Partridge, Hungarian
Partridge, English Partridge, etc., and is probably referable to perdix
perdix.

Durham County, Darlington township—Very young birds were seen in August,
1934, according to A. E. Allin.
Victoria County, Woodville—Young were seen with parents in 1934 by F. Starr,

45. BOB-WHITE COLINUS VIRGINIANUS

The Quail formerly occurred as a common breeding resident of
southern Ontario north at least to south Georgian bay*’ and east at
least to Durham County”, # but at the present time it is very much
reduced in numbers”? and is found in numbers only in the south-western
counties bordering Lakes Erie and St. Clair.

The native Bob-white of Ontario is virginianus virginianus but
various importations of birds from more southern localities have been
made in southern Ontario and it is doubtful if our present population is
subspecifically identifiable.

In Michigan‘? it apparently once extended north to the southern
shore of Lake Superior.

Elgin County, Aylmer—A set of eighteen eggs taken by R. T. Anderson is in
ROUM Ze

Essex County, Point Pelee—Brood of young was seen on June 27, 1936 by
J, M. Speirs.

Kent County, St. Clair frats—A set of seven eggs taken on May 21, 1889 by W.
Smithisin NavMiG3%,

Middlesex County, Coldstream—Young and remnants of egg shells have been
found by A. A. Wood.

Peel County, Elmbank—Formerly bred in some numbers until about 1905
according to Dr. J. McKay.

46. COMMON PHEASANT PHASIANUS COLCHICUS

The Pheasant is a common breeding resident of most of the more
southern parts of Ontario, occurring north to southern Parry Sound
District™® and east to the vicinity of Ottawa!, 1%,

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 31

It was introduced into Ontario from Europe. Numerous liberations
have taken place since 1897*%, *° and the species is firmly established in
most areas south and west of Lake Simcoe. Since 1922 the Department
of Game and Fisheries", 12° has propagated and distributed birds and
eggs to farmers and sportsmen in various parts of southern Ontario and
so numerous have the birds become that in several counties bordering
Lake Ontario, short open seasons have been declared more or less annu-
ally since 1910.

Our pheasant is said to be colchicus torquatus.

Essex County, Pelee island—Very abundant. Set of thirteen eggs was found
by us on June 4, 1938.

Huron County, Goderich—Young have been seen by C. H. D. Clarke.

Lincoln County, Niagara-on-the-lake—W. P. Young collected a single egg on
May 12, 1924.

Peel County—Set of thirteen eggs was found at Dixie on May 15, 1926 by P.
Harrington. These are in his collection. At Erindale J. L. Baillie saw a
large brood of small young on July 5, 1934. At Summerville D. Sumner
found a nest with seven eggs on May 4, 1935.

York County—Set of seventeen eggs was found at Pottageville on May 15, 1933
by S. L. Thompson. J. L. Baillie saw a nest with ten eggs at the Humber
river, Toronto on May 8, 1932, and at the same place S. C. Downing dis-
covered a nest with ten eggs on June 25, 1934.

47, WILD TURKEY MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO

The Wild Turkey, long since extirpated in this province, was formerly
a more or less common breeding species'* in the country west and south
or urbam County, '*% 1°,

Its extermination took place a few years prior to 190027 due no doubt
to the destruction of its habitat and to excessive shooting.

Archaeological evidence of the presence of Turkeys’ bones in Indian
refuse pits as far north as Simcoe County"™® suggests that its former
range in Ontario extended north and east at least to Lake Simcoe.

Native Ontario Wild Turkeys are referable to the race gallopavo
silvestris.

48. KING RAIL RALLUS ELEGANS

This large rail occurs as a breeding species in various marshes?’, 8°
on Lakes St. Clair and Erie and the connecting Detroit river??.

It is not common, excepting at St. Clair flats’, and there are non-
breeding records of occurrence at various places along the southern
border of the province east of Ottawa’ and north to the Bruce penin-
sulal!§, western Georgian bay.

The race of King Rail in Canada is elegans elegans.

32 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Lambton County, St. Anne’s island, St. Clair flats—Female and set of thirteen
eggs taken by W. E. Saunders in May, 1882, are in his collection.
Norfolk County, Port Rowan—Young were seen in 1921 by C. K. Rogers.

49. VIRGINIA RAIL RALLUS LIMICOLA

The Virginia Rail is a fairly common breeding summer resident of
Ontario in favourable marshes®* north from the southern border"! to
Sudbury District. It breeds commonly at Indian bay, Lake of the
Woods, Manitoba?’ and probably also in the Ontario part of the lake,
in extreme western Kenora District and there is a record?" of its breeding
at Les Cheneaux islands, Michigan, in north-western Lake Huron.

North American Virginia Rails are called limicola limicola.

Carleton County, Janeville, near Ottawa—Set of nine eggs in N.M.C. was taken ©
on May 20, 1898 by A. L. Garneau!”.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of ten eggs taken on May 27, 1898 by C. K.
Clarke is in R.O.M.Z.

Grey County, Meaford—Egg in R.O.M.Z. was taken from a set of eight on July
8, 1936, by L. H. Beamer.

Lambton County, Stony point, near Port Franks—W. E. Saunders secured a
set of seven eggs on May 24, 1895,

Manitoulin District, South Bay mouth—Parents were seen with five young on
August 5, 1934 by J. M. Speirs.

Ontario County, Frenchman’s bay—Set of eight eggs was taken on June 9, 1929
by C. E. Hope.

Simcoe County—At Barrie H. P. Bingham secured a set of ten eggs on May 5,
1915. At Minesing, sets of five to eight eggs were found on June 7, 1927
by P. Harrington, and broken eggs were seen by us on May 9, 1925.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Family of adults with young was seen on June 30,
1914 by F. Starr.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Set of nine eggs taken by P. Harrington on June
11, 1932 is in R.O.M.Z.

York County, Toronto—Nest with ten eggs was found on May 15, 1935 by R.
Smyth at Grenadier pond (shown to J. L. Baillie on the 17th) and on July 1,
1934, six immatures were seen by J. M. Speirs and Phyllis Oughton at
Humber river. Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on July 4, 1891 by
J. 1. Jackson:

50. SORA RAIL PORZANA CAROLINA

The Sora is a common breeder in Ontario in suitable places from the
southern border"!, 1° north to the west coast of James bay’ and Severn
House, on Severn river?*, !% and west at least to the head of Lake
Superior. Its occurrence at Churchill, Manitoba’ and Indian bay,
Lake of the Woods (breeding) indicate that there is little doubt that
its range includes the whole of Ontario.

Carleton County, Ottawa—Nest with twelve eggs taken by A. L. Garneau on

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BrrDS IN ONTARIO oO

May 29, 1900 and two chicks taken on June 17, 1929 by R. Lockwood are
in N.M.C.

Essex County, Walkerville—Set of seven eggs taken on June 2, 1875 by J.
Saulliere is in R.O.M.Z.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of ten eggs taken by E. Beaupre on May 29,
1898 is in R.O.M.Z.

Kent County, Rondeau—We found egg in marsh on June 9, 1933.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Ontario County—Nest with eight eggs was found on June 23, 1935 by H. H.
Southam at Simcoe point, Pickering. At Frenchman’s bay a set of seven
eggs was taken on June 1, 1923 by W. P. Young.

Simcoe County—Set of nine eggs was found on June 4, 1929 at Minesing and
on June 6, 1929 a set of fourteen eggs was located at Marl lake, both by us.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of twelve eggs was collected on June 16,
1927 by L. S. Dear.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Set of eggs was taken on June 4, 1932 by P.
Harrington.

York County—Set of seven eggs was found on May 10, 1929 at Toronto, accord-
ing to F. H. Emery and we saw a nest with eleven eggs there on May 29,
1926. At Maple, T. M. Shortt showed J. L. Baillie a nest with seven eggs
on May 29, 1932.

51. YELLOW RAIL COTURNICOPS NOVEBORACENSIS

Hutchins (quoted by Macoun!) states that this rail bred near the
efflux of Severn river on Hudson bay about 1777.

We are not aware of any further definite nesting data for the province
but the bird has been watched in the breeding season at various locali-
ties*®, 87 between Lake St. Clair and James bay within recent years.

It is possible that the species may breed in suitable marshes any-
where in the province, as there are records of nesting to the east, west
and south of Ontario”®, half-grown young having been taken by Hicks?
on August 9, 1932 in Ashtabula County, Ohio, on the south shore of
Lake Erie.

Cochrane District, Moose Factory—S. Waller assures us that D. Sailless, Indian
at Moose Factory, claims to have once found a nest of this rail ‘“‘containing
many eggs’ and there is a specimen in R.O.M.Z. secured there by Waller on
June 2, 1930.

52. COMMON GALLINULE GALLINULA CHLOROPUS

The Gallinule is a fairly common summer inhabitant of the larger
marshes of extreme southern Ontario!*! breeding north at least to south
Georgian bay and Ottawa?’. The most northern record of its occur-
rence is at the mouth of Sturgeon river, Lake Nipissing, where one (in
R.O.M.Z.) was obtained about 1921 by Dr. F. W. McKee.

The North American Common Gallinule is chloropus cachinnans.

3

34 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Durham County, Orono—Nest with nine eggs was found on June 9, 1935 by
R. A. Smith.

Essex County—Two chicks taken at Point Pelee on June 11, 1913, by P. A.
Taverner, are in N.M.C. I. Maharg took a set of eight eggs on May 31,
1903 at ‘‘ Detroit river, Ontario’’.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of twelve eggs taken on May 28, 1898 by
C. K. Clarke, isin R.O.M.Z. J. L. Baillie and R. O. Merriman saw adults
with five young in the marsh on July 24, 1930.

Kent County, Mitchell’s bay—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was secured by K.
Doan June 22-26, 1935.

Lanark County, Smith’s Falls—Downy young, taken on July 12, 1918 by P. A.
Taverner, is in N.M.C.

Leeds County, Lansdowne—E. Beaupre and C. J. Young found a nest with one

egg on June 10, 1896.

Ontario County, Port Whitby—Two families were seen in July, 1934 by H. K.
Gordon.

Peterborough County, Lakefield—Egg in R.O.M.Z. was secured about 1914 by
A. M. Fitzgerald.

Simcoe County—Set of nine eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found by H. B. Haugh on
June 2, 1918 at Little lake. At Marl lake we found a nest with nine eggs on .
June 5, 1928 and a set of nine eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken near Barrie on
July 2, 1917 by H. B. Haugh.

York County, Humber marsh, Toronto—Nest with ten eggs was seen on May 22,
1915 by P. Harrington and adult was seen with rather small young by J. L.
Baillie on July 5, 19384. On August 18, 1935 J. L. Baillie saw parents with
five half-grown young.

538. AMERICAN COOT FULICA. AMERICANA

The Coot breeds irregularly throughout the marshes of southern
Ontario’ (more common formerly in certain places*?) north and west to
Thunder Bay district and probably to Lake of the Woods?’ and Sudbury
District!®. Its northern limit of occurrence is Moose Factory on James
bay, where one was obtained by S. Waller (in R.O.M.Z.) in 1926. It is
unaccountably absent from many of the larger and apparently suitable
marshes within its range. The North American Coot is americana
americana.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Norfolk County, Long Point—J. Savage saw an adult with several young on
July 4, 1930.

Ontario County, Frenchman’s bay—A set of ten eggs was taken by W. P. Young
on May 20, 1917. |

Simcoe County, Little lake, Barrie—A set of seven eggs was taken on June 16,
1918; by 1. .PoBinehant. .

Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—Set of eight eggs and set of seven eggs
were taken on May 25, 1931, by L. S. Dear.

York County, Toronto!*’—Set of eight eggs taken at Ashbridge’s bay on July 12,
1890, by J. L. Jackson, is in R.O.M.Z. Brood of ten small young was seen

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 35

on Humber marsh on June 14, 1932 by J. L. Baillie; nest with four eggs was
found in Humber marsh on June 8, 1911 by C. G. Harbour, and nest with
seven eggs on May 31, 1936, by R. A. Smith.

54. PIPING PLOVER CHARADRIUS MELODUS

The Piping Plover nests more or less commonly on the beaches
bordering Lake Erie!*®, 2%, Lake Ontario, Lake Huron and southern

’ Georgian bay, as well as along the Ontario part of the St. Lawrence river.

It likely breeds also in the vicinity of Lake of the Woods in extreme
western Ontario, as it is a nesting species in Manitoba", ?9 and has been
found in July on the southern Manitoba-Ontario boundary.

Essex County—Set of two eggs was found on Pelee island on June 5, 1933 by E.
M.S. Dale and W. E. Saunders has two sets of two eggs taken at Point Pelee
on May 24, 1906.

Lambton County, Ipperwash beach, east of Kettle point—Young were found in
July, 1928, by W. E. Saunders.

Leeds County, near Rockport—Set of two eggs found on June 18, 1894 by C. J.
Young, is in N.M.C.

Norfolk County, Turkey Point—Set of four eggs was found about May 30, 1924
by G. W. Knechtel.

Simcoe County, Wasaga Beach—Set of four eggs was found on May 20, 1934, by
O. E. Devitt and on June 20, 1913, P. Harrington found four young which
had just hatched.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—Nest was seen at Van Wagner’s beach in June,
1934, by G. W. North.

York County, Toronto—Two sets of four eggs were seen at Fisherman’s island
on May 24, 1928 by J. L. Baillie and three downy young and one egg were
secured from a nest by G. H. Richardson at Hanlan’s point on June 9, 1934.

55. SEMIPALMATED PLOVER CHARADRIUS SEMIPALMATUS

This plover is confined, as a breeding bird in Ontario, to the extreme
northern sections of the province bordering James and Hudson bays.

It was found by Spreadborough"™ to be common in July, 1904, on the
west coast of James bay (young still unable to fly on the 7th) and since
it is an abundant breeding species at Churchill, Manitoba’, it seems
probable that it nests in numbers all along the coast between these
points.

56. KILLDEER PLOVER OXYECHUS VOCIFERUS

The Killdeer is a fairly common nesting species of Ontario from Lake
Ontario and Lake Erie west to Thunder Bay and Kenora Districts? and
north to the southern end of James bay. It breeds regularly also at
Churchill, on Hudson bay® and it is conceivable that its breeding range

36 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

includes the whole of the province of Ontario, as it has been found
breeding also at Lake of the Woods, in southern Manitoba.
Ontario Killdeers are vociferus vociferus.

Cochrane District—At Moose Factory a set of four eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) was found
on May 26, 1930 by S. Waller and E. Dixon has eggs taken at Lake Abitibi
by A. V. Dukes.

Elgin County, Port Burwell—A set of four eggs was taken on May 13, 1924 by
F. Starr.

Frontenac County, Kingston—A set of four eggs taken on April 16, 1902 by
E. Beaupre is in R.O.M.Z. Another set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was
found by Beaupre on July 11, 1897 and on May 14, 1922 he found a nest
with four downy young.

Hastings County, Stirling—Nest with four eggs was found on June 11, 1926 by
E. W. Calvert.

Kenora District, Kenora—Set of three eggs was found on June 7, 1931 by L.
Paterson, according to B. W. Cartwright.

Lincoln County, Port Weller—Set of four eggs was found by G. J. Clout on
April 16, 1938.

Parry Sound District, Pickerel lake, east of Burk’s Falls—A set of four eggs
was seen by J. L. Baillie on July 11, 1936.

Simcoe County—Set of four eggs was taken on July 2, 1923 by P. Harrington
at Collingwood and at Vespra township H. P. Bingham took a set of four
eggs on May 8, 1923 (in R.O.M.Z.).

Thunder Bay District—At Port Arthur a set of four eggs was found on June
4, 1914, by L. S. Dear; at Peninsula, a brood of four young, in R.O.M.Z.,
was secured on June 21, 1936, by C. E. Hope.

York County, Toronto—Set of four eggs was photographed by us at Sunnyside
on April 19, 1924. A set of four eggs in N.M.C. was taken at Centre island
by L. B. Brown on June 23, 1909.

57. AMERICAN WOODCOCK _ PHILOHELA MINOR

The Woodcock is a well-distributed summer resident in southern*
and eastern** Ontario, breeding in very much reduced numbers north at
least to Temagami Forest reserve, and Renfrew County.

Its presence in August, 1860 at Sault Ste. Marie and Mississagi
(southern Algoma District) has been recorded by Bell!®™.

Hastings County, northern part—E. Beaupre saw set of eggs taken on May 20,
1919.

Kent County, Merlin—Downy young in the collection of J. H. Fleming was
taken on May 11, 1901 by G. E. Atkinson.

Middlesex County, Plover Mills—W. E. Saunders hasa set of four eggs taken on
April 14, 1890.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Two young were seen in August, 1931, by
Lj: ‘Payne.

Nipissing District—Nest with two eggs was photographed at Sandy inlet,
Temagami on May 24, 1929 by J. M. Gardner. A nest with four eggs was
shown to W. E. Ricker by C. Ramsay at North Bay on June 8, 1926.

Ontario County, Thorah island, Lake Simcoe—Brood of four young, just hatched,

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 37

was found on April 25, 1929 by J. A. Edwards, who also found a set of four
eggs on June 6, 1930.

Peel County, Cooksville—Nest with four eggs found on May 4, 1930 by W.
Brown, was photographed on the 7th by A. R. Van.

Renfrew County, Renfrew—Seen on nest by E. Coxwell in 1899, according to
journals of J. H. Samuel.

Simcoe County, Wasaga Beach—Brood of three young was found on May 20,
1922 by P. Harrington. These were approximately one week old.

York County—Nest with two hatched eggs was seen on May 12, 1933 at Islington
by J. L. Baillie; three young were banded at Pottageville on July 7, 1932
by C. H. D. Clarke. J. Townson found a nest with three eggs in High Park
on April 9, 1925.

58. WILSON’S SNIPE CAPELLA DELICATA

The Wilson’s Snipe undoubtedly nests in suitable marshy habitat
throughout the whole of Ontario as it has been found breeding at various
places between Lake Erie and Hudson bay’, ? (Cape Henrietta Maria,
northern James bay).

It is apparently absent from large areas!$, *! in northern Ontario,
possibly due to the lack or scarcity of proper habitat.

Cochrane District, Moose Factory—Bred on Moose island, according to S. Waller

Elgin County, Port Stanley—At least four nests with eggs have been found by
IN: ©. Tones:

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Adult was seen with young on June 15, 1935
by G. J. Clout.

Middlesex County, 12 miles north of Strathroy—Few pairs nest nearly every
year, according to A. A. Wood.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Parry Sound District, near Katrine—Breeds, according to R. J. Rutter.

Simcoe County—Nest with four eggs was collected by P. Harrington on June 10,
1928 at Cranberry lake; at Minesing P. Harrington and F. Starr found a
nest with three eggs on June 7, 1927, and at Marl lake O. E. Devitt located
a nest with four eggs on May 25, 1936.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on May 22,
1935 bys. Dear,

York County, Toronto marsh—Used to breed regularly, according to C. W. Nash.

59. UPLAND PLOVER BARTRAMIA LONGICAUDA

Along the southern border of Ontario™!, %9 as far east as Dundas?!
and Stormont"™*® Counties and as far north as Simcoe and Victoria
Counties, this species is a regular but not common breeding summer
resident.

Its nesting more or less commonly in parts of southern Manitoba“
would strengthen the theory that it breeds in parts of extreme western
Ontario, about Lake of the Woods, but definite data are lacking.

Brant County, Brantford—Nest was found in a hayfield, by H. Fulcher.

38 TRANSACTIONS OF THE RoyAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Elgin County, Aylmer—W. E. Saunders has a set of four eggs taken on May 29,
1895 by R. T. Anderson.

Frontenac County—Set of three eggs was taken by E. Beaupre on June 25, 1896,
at Simcoe island. At Kingston, he collected a clutch of four eggs on May 12
1895 (both in R.O.M.Z.).

Peel County—Adults were seen with one young on July 2, 1933 by C. E. Hope
at Brampton. At Lakeview, O. E. Devitt saw nest with four hatched eggs
on June 23, 1935.

Simcoe County, Midhurst—Young bird was seen on June 29, 1935 by P. Harring-
ton.

Victoria County, near Bobcaygeon—Young and nest with hatched eggs were
seen on June 29, 1930 by F. Starr.

York County—At 23 miles west of Lansing, partly-grown young was seen with
its parent on July 17, 1932 by T. F. MclIlwraith, and a nest with four eggs,
found at Islington by D. Sumner on May 31, 1936, contained three young
and one egg on June 3, according to S. L. Thompson.

60. SPOTTED SANDPIPER § ACTITIS MACULARIA

This widely distributed species is found throughout Ontario! being
one of the few birds which nest commonly in all parts of the province”, 17°.
Algoma District—At Mississagi Forest reserve, a nest with two eggs was found
on May 30, 1923 by R. D. Ussher; at Amyot, S. C. Downing took a set of

four eggs on June 27, 1936 (in R.O.M.Z.)

Cochrane District—Nest and four eggs in R.O.M.Z. were found on June 19,
1935 by R. V. Whelan at Smoky Falls, north of Kapuskasing, and E. Dixon
has eggs taken at Lake Abitibi by A. V. Dukes.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Set of four eggs taken on June 2, 1913 is in collection
of W. E. Saunders.

Kenora District, Kenora—Nest with four eggs was found on June 18, 1930 by
L. Paterson.

Lennox and Addington County, Amherst island—E. Beaupre found a set of four
eggs on May 24, 1922.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Set of four eggs was found by G. J. Clout on
June 3, 1934. .

Manitoulin District, McGregor bay—Set of four eggs taken on June 11, 1925
and set of four eggs taken on June 22, 1924 by B. A. Bensley are in R.O.M.Z.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Egg taken on May 20, 1926 and downy young
taken on July 10, 1900 by A. Kay are in R.O.M.Z.

Ontario County—Nest with three young and one egg was shown to J. L. Baillie
at Pickering on July 15, 1928 by W. B. Edmonds. At Thorah island, Lake
Simcoe, P. Harrington took a set of four eggs on June 7, 1914.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was found on June 10,
1922 by L. S. Dear.

61. SOLITARY SANDPIPER _ TRINGA SOLITARIA

The eggs of this species have not been found in Ontario. There
are a few records, however, of the bird being seen with small downy
young!®, 25, 41,188 and many records of its occurrence at breeding time

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 39

in various sections of the province*!, °° and it probably nests regularly
in many parts of central and northern Ontario. The summer resident
form in the extreme north-western sections may be solitaria cinnamomea®
but our form is usually considered to be solitaria solitaria.

62. LESSER YELLOW-LEGS TOTANUS FLAVIPES

The only record of this species nesting in the province is that of
Spreadborough” who found it in the summer of 1904 on the west coast
of James bay (young flying early in July).

Like many other shore-birds, the Lesser Yellow-legs breeds commonly
at Churchill? (to the north-west of Ontario on Hudson bay) and it is
more than likely that it nests in some numbers along the extreme northern
‘‘sea-coast”’ of Ontario.

63. WILSON’S PHALAROPE § STEGANOPUS TRICOLOR

There are but two known nesting stations for this species within
the boundaries of Ontario, one at Dunnville, Haldimand County®, !4
(nest with three eggs found on June 9, 1879 by G. A. McCallum) and
the other at Dunwich, Elgin County (in 1934 and 1935). Both of these
counties are on the north shore of Lake Erie.

As the Wilson’s Phalarope is a western species, breeding regularly
in Manitoba, its summer occurrence and possible breeding might be
expected in the area about Lake of the Woods but the two known
nesting places might be considered extralimital, although Barrows’?
cites an old record of its breeding near Ann Arbor, southern Michigan.

Elgin County, Dunwich swamp, West Lorne—Nest, which contained three
downy young and one hatched egg, was found by E. Lemon on June 10,
1934. The nest, egg and photograph of the downy young are now in
R.O.M.Z. In 1935 they again nested there, according to J. M. Speirs, and
they returned again in 1936, according to G. H. Richardson.

64. HERRING GULL LARUS ARGENTATUS

The Herring Gull is the commonest and most widely-distributed of
the breeding gulls of Ontario, nesting colonies having been examined
from the southern border?” (young found in 1926 on Big Chicken island,
Essex County, at west end of Lake Erie) north to Lake Abitibi*®! and
west!”® to the Manitoba boundary in southern Kenora District. It is
most common about the larger lakes in central Ontario and there is no
reason to doubt that it nests northward and westward? throughout the
province as Murray records! the species from Severn House, on Severn
river.

Our form is said to be argentatus smithsonianus.

40 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Cochrane District—At Bank's lake, Staples township, near Kapuskasing, three
nests with two and three eggs were found on a small island on June 16,
1925 by R. D. Ussher. E. Dixon has a set of two eggs from Lake Abitibi.

Frontenac County, Salmon and Snake islands off Kingston—In 1928 one nest
was found on each island and in 1929 three nests were found on Snake and
one on Salmon island by E. Beaupre.

Kenora District, Lake Gordon, McIntosh—Downy young were seen on June 21,
1933 by G. W. Kelly, according to A. G. Lawrence.

Lennox and Addington County—Egg taken at Mazinaw lake on May 20, 1934
by R. E. Akey, isin R.O.M.Z. In 1928 a nest with eggs was found on one
of the Three Brothers islands (off Kingston) by E. Beaupre.

Muskoka District, Watcher's islands, Go Home Bay—Colony was found nesting
on June 30, 1923 by S. L. Thompson.

Nipissing District—Eggs were found on June 17, 1928 by A. F. Coventry at
Temagami. J. O. Gilchrist photographed a nest with three eggs on May
24, 1928 at Eagle lake, Algonquin Park. Nests with eggs were found on
June 23, 1929 by W. E. Ricker at Goose island, Lake Nipissing.

Parry Sound District, Horne lake, Burk’s Falls—E. Dixon has a set of two eggs.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Large breeding colony was visited on
May 25, 1913, by L. S. Dear, who also collected a set of three eggs on May
28, 1930 (in R.O.M.Z.).

Victoria County, Sturgeon lake—Nest was found in June, 1931, by A. E. Allin,
F. Starr and P. Harrington.

65. RING-BILLED GULL LARUS DELAWARENSIS

This gull is a common nesting bird in the Georgian Bay region and
in parts of adjoining Lake Huron!?’ in which places it associates, to some
extent, with the Herring Gull on small rocky islands. It is known to
breed in only one other section of the province, at Salmon island on
Lake Ontario, although there are more or less ancient records of its
breeding in Victoria and Lennox and Addington Counties!? and on the
north shore of Lake Superior!‘ none of which corresponds to observations
of present-day observers.

Frontenac County, Salmon island—On May 27, 1927 two nests with two eggs
were found; in 1928 eighteen pairs hatched out their young and in 1929 the
colony had increased to eighty-four pairs, according to E. Beaupre.

Muskoka District, South Watcher islands, Go Home Bay—A young bird in
R.O.M.Z. was taken by R. T. Anderson on August 2, 1902; on June 16, 1912
T. Glasgow collected eggs, according to P. Harrington and on June 17,
1923, eggs were taken by B. A. Bensley which are now in R.O.M.Z.

Parry Sound District, Limestone islands, off Parry Sound—About 500 nests were
found on June 12, 1916 by C. J. Young and on June 18, 1918, 57 nests (all
with eggs) were examined by E. Beaupre.

66. COMMON TERN )sTERNA HIRUNDO

The Common Tern nests commonly, in colonies, on many of the
larger lakes of the province from Lake Erie’ and the eastern end of

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 41

Lake Ontario, north at least to Lake Abitibi*! and west to the Manitoba

boundary (Lat. 53-54° N.). The northern limits of its breeding range

are undetermined” (one in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Moose Factory on

June 7, 1928 by S. Waller) but there is every likelihood that it is replaced

along the northern coast of Ontario by the Arctic Tern, Sterna paradisaea.
North American Common Terns are hirundo hirundo.

Cochrane District, Bank’s lake, Staples township, near Kapuskasing—Twelve
nests with one, two and three eggs were found on June 16, 1925 by R. D.
Ussher, on a small island in the lake.

Essex County, Pelee island—A colony found by F. H. Emery on June 26, 1932,
contained 205 sets of eggs when visited by us June 3-5, 1933.

Frontenac County, Salmon island—About 600 pairs nested in 1929 according to
E. Beaupre, who states that they were first found nesting there by him in
1895. A set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by Beaupre on June 6,
1898.

Haldimand County, near Lowbanks—Young were seen in a colony on July 8,
1935 by J. M. Speirs.

Kenora District—Found breeding on an island in Lac Seul in 1919 by D. Blakely;
fully grown young, taken on July 31, arein N.M.C. Eggs were seen in June,
1930 by D. R. Derry between Lat. 53-54° on the Manitoba boundary.

Kent County, Rondeau—Twenty-three nests were occupied about July 11, 1934
according to J. H. Smith.

Lennox and Addington County, Amherst island—Four nests with eggs were
found by E. Beaupre on July 28, 1905 and on August 29, 1917 he saw three
small chicks. On June 9, 1922 fully 250 pairs were breeding there, and 168
nests with eggs were counted, according to Beaupre.

Nipissing District, Lake Nipissing—Large colony was breeding on Goose islands
on June 30, 1929 according to W. E. Ricker, the nests containing one to
four eggs.

Simcoe County, Collingwood—Small colony was found nesting on July 2, 1923
by P. Harrington (set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z.).

York County, Little Sandy island, off Virginia, Lake Simcoe—Forty-three pairs
had eggs on June 24, 1934, when the colony was visited by R. A. Smith and
J. L. Baillie. The breeding-place was discovered in July, 1931 by G. H.
Johnston.

67. CASPIAN TERN HyYDROPROGNE CASPIA

This large tern is known to nest in Ontario at only four localities, at
Limestone islands off Parry Sound on the east shore of Georgian bay™,
at Salmon island at the east end of Lake Ontario”® and at the two
additional localities mentioned below. It is not a common species, but at
Limestone islands there is a colony of upwards of one hundred and fifty
pairs.

Other nesting-places may exist in Georgian bay and Lake Huron
and possibly elsewhere, in suitable places, and there is a specimen in
R.O.M.Z. taken by S. Waller at Moose Factory on May 31, 1928.

42 TRANSACTIONS OF THE RovAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Our form is caspia imperator.

Manitoulin District, Gull island, off east coast—A small colony of about ten
pairs was visited in 1933 and 1935 by W. I. Lyon. In addition, there
is recorded!” a set of two eggs in N.M.C. “‘said to have been taken on Sewell
island, west of Manitoulin island July 2, 1891”.

Parry Sound District, Limestone islands, off Parry Sound—A set of two eggs in
R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 12, 1916 by C. J. Young.

York County, small island off Virginia, Lake Simcoe—An egg of this species was
found in a colony of Common Terns on June 24, 1934 by R. A. Smith and
J. L. Baillie. A single Caspian tern, with dozens of its smaller relatives,
hovered over the observers. The large egg was hatched but no sign of
others, or a nest, could be found.

68. BLACK TERN CHLIDONIAS NIGRA

The Black Tern is a common summer inhabitant of extreme southern
Ontario™!, nesting in many of the marshes north to Georgian bay and
probably to southern Algoma District (breeding at Manuscong bay,
Michigan?" in northern Lake Huron).

The only breeding stations north of Georgian bay are near Fort
Albany on James bay” and in the vicinity of the Cobham river between
Lat. 53-54° on the Manitoba boundary but as the species breeds locally
at Churchill on Hudson bay® and also at Lake of the Woods, Manitoba?®
it is probable that Black Terns occupy suitable marshes throughout the
province. We saw one on June 8, 1935 at Whitefish lake, near Port
Arthur and Murray!® records the species from Moose Factory and
Severn House, on Severn river.

North American Black Terns are nigra surinamensis.

Essex County—Set of three eggs collected at Point Pelee on June 5, 1913 by
P. A. Taverner!* isin N.M.C. J.C. Wood took a set of three eggs on June
9, 1901 (in R.O.M.Z.) on Grassy island, Detroit river.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of two eggs was taken on May 21, 1916 by
P. Harrington. On June 19, 1897, H. M. Clarke took a set of three eggs (in
ROUMEZ:).

Kenora District, Cobham river (Lat. 53-54°) on the Manitoba boundary—Often
seen during the summer of 1930 and flying young were noted in late July by
D. R. Derry.

Kent County, Jeanette’s creek—A set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 13, 1898 by H. Gould.

Leeds County, Lansdowne—Nest with three eggs was found on June 10, 1896 by
C. J. Young and E. Beaupre.

Norfolk County, Long Point—Set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 9,
1932 by A. F. Coventry.

Ontario County, Frenchman’s bay—On June 10, 1928 a set of two eggs was
found by R. V. Lindsay and C. E. Hope.

Simcoe County—Set of two eggs was taken on May 20, 1922 by P. Harrington

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 43

at Marl lake and a set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Little lake
on June 24, 1917 by H. B. Haugh.

Victoria County, Lake Scugog—Sets of eggs were found near mouth of Scugog
river on June 2, 1931 by P. Harrington, F. Starr and A. E. Allin.

York County, Ashbridge’s bay, Toronto—Numbers formerly bred in the marsh,
according to J. Townson.

69. MOURNING DOVE ZENAIDURA MACROURA

The Mourning Dove is a common breeding species in the extreme
southwestern section of the province, in some places large numbers
nesting in colonies containing more than three hundred occupied
nests!%, 189,

To the north it is less common and the northern limits of its breeding
range are reached in Simcoe and Carleton Counties“ although they have
been known to occur at various places”, *° north to James bay (one in
R.O.M.Z. was secured at Moose Factory by S. Waller on September 11,
1929) and west to the Manitoba boundary®. Barrows‘? states that it
breeds in Alger county, Michigan, on the south shore of Lake Superior.

Our Mourning Dove is probably macroura carolinensis.

Durham County, Hampton—Set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found on Apri! 30,
1927 by A. E. Allin.

Essex County—Several sets of two eggs were examined by us on Pelee island
on June 5, 1933. On June 6, 1932, upwards of two hundred occupied nests
were seen by H. H. Southam and J. L. Baillie at the Miner sanctuary,
Kingsville.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Adults were seen feeding two young on July 27,
1923 by E. Beaupre.

Hastings County, near Trenton—Set of two eggs taken on May 10, 1921 by
W. H. Lunn is in R.O.M.Z.

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Nest and set of two eggs taken on
July 14, 1935 are in possession of S. C. Downing.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Nest with two young was found on September
15, 1935 by G. J. Clout, and two nests with two eggs on May 31, 1935 by the
same observer.

Peel County, Erindale—Several young were seen by R. V. Lindsay on June 22,
1930.

Simcoe County—Nest with two young was found on June 3, 1928, at Colling-
wood; nest with two young at Orr lake on June 7, 1929 and nest at Mac on
June 9, 1929, all by us.

Waterloo County, Haysville—Nest with two young was found on July 13, 1935
by R. D. Ussher.

Wentworth County, Stony creek—Adult was watched brooding two young
(nearly ready to fly) on September 30, 1935 by G. W. North.

70. PASSENGER PIGEON ECTOPISTES MIGRATORIUS

The passenger pigeon has been extinct since about 1900. It was
once an abundant summer resident of Ontario, breeding in large rookeries

44 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

throughout the province, especially in the more southern and central
parts.
Their breeding distribution, however, extended north at least to
Moose Factory on James bay”’, “4, !7? and west to Lake of the Woods.
A recent work on this species in Ontario!®® by Margaret H. Mitchell
contains a full account of the history of this bird in the province.

71. YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO coccyzUs AMERICANUS

The Yellow-billed Cuckoo is a moderately common nesting species in
parts of extreme southern Ontario.

Its breeding range extends north at least to Rosseau (Parry Sound
District)*® and possibly to southern Algoma District® and east to
Renfrew County" but it is a comparatively rare bird in all but the Lake
Erie region of this province.

The Yellow-billed Cuckoo of eastern Canada is americanus ameri-
CanUS.

Kent County, Rondeau—Set of two eggs was found by us on June 12, 1933.

Lincoln County, near St. Catharines—A nest with two eggs was found on June
27, 1936 by G. J. Clout.

Middlesex County, seven miles west of London—Set of five eggs was taken on
June 7, 1902 by W. E. Saunders.

Peel County, Erindale—A young bird, just out of the nest, found on June 24,
1934, was shown to H. M. Halliday and J. L. Baillie on the 27th by H. R.
Ivor.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Nest with three eggs was found by us on June 11,
1932; the nest is in R. O. M. Z.

Waterloo County, Haysville—Nest with two young was found on July 13, 1935,
by R. D. Ussher.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—Nest with three half-feathered young was found
on August 9, 19384 by G. W. North.

York County—Nest with two eggs and one young was found at Toronto on
August 3, 1914 by F. Starr; on June 17, 1929, R. D. Ussher found a nest with
one egg near King.

72. BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO coccyzUs ERYTHROPTHALMUS

This cuckoo is a fairly common and much more widely-distributed
summer resident than the preceding species.

It breeds north at least to Parry Sound and southern Thunder Bay
Districts (and probably southern Kenora?? District, as one was seen at
Kenora on June 10, 1932 by L. S. Paterson). It is known to breed in
Roseau and St. Louis Counties, Minnesota!” adjacent to Rainy River
District, Ontario.

Elgin County, Union—Flightless young albino in R.O.M.Z. was picked up by

T. N. Jones on September 16, 1935 and received from R. W. Johnson of
St. Thomas.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 45

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of five eggs was taken on June 4, 1901 and
set of three eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) on May 30, 1900 by E. Beaupre.

Halton County, Twelve-mile creek—Nest with three young was found on June
26, 1926 by T. F. MclIlwraith and J. L. Baillie.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—A set of three eggs was found on May 27,
1936 by G. J. Clout.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 27, 1919 by L. L. Snyder.

Parry Sound District—Nestlings taken at Lake Rosseau in August, 1888 are in
the collection of J. H. Fleming. J. M. Speirs found one on nest at Spring
lake, near Sundridge, on August 5, 1926.

Simcoe County—Set of three eggs was found by us on June 8, 1929 at Marl lake.
At Wasaga Beach on August 13, 1933 a nest with two eggs was examined
by O. E. Devitt.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of three eggs was taken on July 12,
1931 by L. S. Dear.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Set of two eggs was taken on July 2, 1925 by
ie Starr.

York County, Toronto—Set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on August 16,
1889 at Rosedale by J. L. Jackson; flightless young were seen at Ashbridge’s
bay by A. E. Allin on August 19, 1933; set of three eggs was taken on May
30, 1915 by F. Starr.

73. AMERICAN BARN OWL TyTo ALBA

This southern owl is a rare resident of lower Ontario. It has occurred
a number of times at various localities north to Algoma District® and
Lake of the Woods (Minnesota)'!”° and east to Frontenac County*®* and
Ottawa!’ but there are records of its nesting at only four localities, two
in Kent®’, one in Essex, and one in Middlesex!"®,
North American Barn Owls are probably alba pratincola.
Essex County, Kingsville—Nest with 2 young and 2 eggs was found in June,
1936, according to W. E. Saunders.
Kent County, five miles south of Chatham—Nest with five young was found in
barn in the summer of 1932 by J. H. Smith; the nest, containing four large

young, was shown to us on June 11, 1933, when one of the occupants was
photographed and collected for R.O.M.Z.

74. AMERICAN SCREECH OWL ortTws AsIo

This is probably the most common of the nesting owls of extreme
southern Ontario, breeding from the southern border north to Muskoka
and Carleton Counties’, !88, Records of its residence in Parry Sound
District!” would indicate that it nests farther north than is known at
present. Thompson* cites a record of its presence at Saboskong bay,
Lake of the Woods, possibly in error.

Our Ontario form is said to be asio naevius.

46 TRANSACTIONS OF THE RoyaAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Brant County, Homedale—Set of four eggs taken on May 5, 1918 is in possession
of F. Starr.

Essex County—Young in nest were seen by us at Pelee island on June 4, 1933.
W. E. Saunders has a set of four eggs taken at Point Pelee on April 27, 1918.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of five eggs, found on April 21, 1926 by E.
Beaupre, is in R.O.M.Z. Beaupre also found a nest with five young on

May 20, 1924.
Kent County, Rondeau—Four young were seen out of the nest on June 7, 1933,
by us.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds rarely, according to A. Kay.

Peel County, Dixie—Set of four eggs was found on April 27, 1929 by P. Harring-
ton.

Simcoe County, Wasaga Beach—Five young, just out of nest, were seen on July
17, 1920 by P. Harrington.

Victoria County, Woodville—Set of five eggs was found by P. Harrington on
May 7, 1932 and a set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken there by Harring-
ton on June 5, 1932.

Waterloo County, Kitchener—Adult and six young in nest were banded by G.
W. Knechtel May 15-18, 1928.

York County—J. A. Edwards took a set of three eggs on March 23, 1927 at
Kleinburg and W. P. Young collected a set of four eggs at Highland creek
on Mav 25, 1910.

75. GREAT HORNED OWL _ BUBO VIRGINIANUS

‘The Great Horned Owl occurs at least from the southern border of
Ontario north to southern Cochrane District”, °® and west to Thunder
Bay District!® (and probably to Lake of the Woods’, !7*) and it was
noted commonly in the summer of 1930 by D. R. Derry on the Manitoba
boundary between Lat. 53-54° N. It is a fairly common breeding
resident species.

The form of this species in northern and western Ontario is con-
sidered by Taverner to be vzrginianus subarcticus, while the race in
southern Ontario is said to be virginianus virginianus. If there are two
forms breeding in the province, their respective ranges have not been
determined!®°, |

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Two well-grown young were seen on July 12,
1935 by GCG. D. Clarke.

Cochrane District, Smoky Falls, north of Kapuskasing—Nest was found (young
close by) by R. V. Whelan on July 22, 1933 and juvenile taken on June 15,
1933 by Whelan is in R.O.M.Z.

Frontenac County, Murvale—Three young were found in nest on April 8, 1906
by E. Beaupre.

Leeds County, Gananoque—Nest with two young (one dead also under nest) was
found on April 26, 1985 by G. C. Toner.

Ontario County—Set of three eggs was taken on February 27, 1931 by J. A.
Edwards at Thorah island, Lake Simcoe. At Glen Major, T. M. Shortt
saw a nest with two young on April 20, 1935.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 47

Parry Sound District, Doe lake—Set of three eggs was taken on March 28, 1909
by E. S. Norman, according to P. Harrington.

Peel County, Meadowvale—Set of two eggs was taken by us on March 22, 1930.

Simcoe County—Set of two eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) was found by H. B. Haugh on
March 18, 1923 at Barrie and nest with two young was seen by us at Mine-
sing on May 9, 1925.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Common resident; fully-fledged young birds
were seen on June 28, 1927 and a nest with one frozen egg in March, 1924 by
Es) Dear.

York County, Pottageville—Nest with two large young was examined on May 1,
1927 and a nest with two eggs on March 7, 1925, both by us.

76. HAWK OWL SURNIA ULULA

The Hawk Owl is known as a breeder in Thunder Bay and Cochrane
Districts* of northern Ontario, where it is a not uncommon summer
resident. Its breeding range is unquestionably wider than the above
statement indicates, as it has been known to breed as far west as Lake
of the Woods (Minnesota)!7* and to occur in summer as far north as
Severn House in northern Kenora District?!, 1% and as far south and
east as beyond the south-eastern corner of the province, at Lochaber,
Quebec”’.

The American Hawk Owl is ulula caparoch.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Fledged young were seen with parents on
June 28, 1927 by L. S. Dear.

To BeRRED OWL -SPRIxX. VARIA

Strangely enough, the eggs of this owl have not been reported from
Ontario. Early published records state that it was a more or less
common breeding resident of southern Ontario”, !*5 but it is rare at the
present time, although it has a wide range and is known to occur irregu-
larly throughout the province north to southern James bay?! and west
to Lake of the Woods*. Macoun makes the following statement!”°
which cannot be accepted, emanating as it does from a collector of known
unreliability, ‘‘One set of three eggs (in the N.M.C) taken near Chatham,
Ontario April 4, 1897. Nest in a hole in a tree about 35 feet from the
ground.” The date on the eggs is April 30, 1897.

In the same publication (‘‘Catalogue of Canadian Birds’’, 1903)
Macoun quotes Rev. C. J. Young to the effect that a nest had been
found in a hole in a tree near Kingston, Ontario but it seems to us that

further particulars should be forthcoming before such a record is re-

peated. L. S. Dear watched two pairs at Port Arthur (Thunder Bay
District) during the summer of 1927 but was unable to establish a

48 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

breeding record, although one was watched endeavouring to entice its
mate into a hole in a tree. Rev. C. J. Young states that a few years
prior to 1903, he saw five young birds that were shot near Brockville,
Ontario, in July, and young have recently been observed in Parry Sound
District, but these are the only actual breeding records of this bird in
the province, of which we are aware. Several nests are recorded from
Michigan*? mostly in the southern half of the state, and it is said to breed
in 75 of the 88 counties??? in Ohio!
Our form is the Northern Barred Owl, varia varia.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds regularly, according to A. Kay; although
there are specimens in R.O.M.Z. taken there by Kay on May 22, 1891 and
July 20, 1908, no nests have been located.

Parry Sound District, Katrine—Two adults with one young (down still in
evidence) were seen in June, 1933, by R. J. Rutter.

78. GREAT GRAY OWL SCOTIAPTEX NEBULOSA

In the breeding season this owl has been observed only at Severn
river (on Hudson bay)?!, *° which is its type locality, in the vicinity of
Lake Nipissing®? and on the Michipicoten river, north Algoma District!
(noted on August 19 and 21, 1928).

The only definite breeding record comes from Chisholm ren
Nipissing District, where two young were secured on July 31, 1911 (one
of these is in N.M.C. and the other is in the collection of J. H. Fleming)
but the breeding range of the species may include all of northern Ontario
north of Lake Nipissing!? (specimens in R.O.M.Z. taken in 1927 at Moose
Factory by S. Waller).

Our birds are referred to nebulosa nebulosa.

79. AMERICAN LONG-EARED OWL §AsIO WILSONIANUS

This owl is a not uncommon summer resident of southern Ontario,
breeding from our southern border north to Simcoe County®® and
Muskoka District and east to Frontenac County. The only recorded
nesting records north of Muskoka are those of Morris*! who observed a
family on July 26, 1906 on the Mattagami river, Cochrane District and
Hutchins* (breeding at Severn settlement, Hudson bay, 1782), both of
which require confirmation.

It has been collected in summer (June 24, 1924) at Lake Nipigon!®
and it is known to breed in Roseau County, Minnesota!”® adjacent to
Lake of the Woods, Ontario.

a

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 49

Durham County, six miles north of Port Hope—A set of five eggs taken on May
15, 1919, is in possession of J. A. Edwards.

Frontenac County, Portsmouth—Set of four eggs taken on April 28, 1902 by
E. Beaupre, is in R.O.M.Z.

Middlesex County—Set of four eggs taken at Poplar Hill by A. A. Wood on April
10, 1921, isin R.O.M.Z. A set of five eggs was found at Coldstream about
April 19, 1903 by A. A. Wood, according to C. W. Nash.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Ontario County, Thorah island, Lake Simcoe—Set of six eggs was found on April
26, 1929 by J. A. Edwards.

Parry Sound District, Katrine—Breeds, according to R. J. Rutter.

Peel County, near Nortonville—Set of four eggs was taken on April 27, 1929 by
P. Harrington.

York County, Toronto—Nest with five young was found at Hogg’s Hollow on
May 24, 1929 by C. N. Brebner. It was shown to J. L. Baillie on the 29th.
One of the young is in R.O.M.Z.

80. SHORT-EARED OWL §ASIO FLAMMEUS

This nearly cosmopolitan species is known to nest in Ontario at a
few widely-separated localities, from Norfolk County, on Lake Erie?’ and
Frontenac County, at the east end of Lake Ontario®™ north to Severn
river, on the south shore of Hudson bay*®® and there is a specimen in
R.O.M.Z. taken at Moose Factory on April 29, 1930 by S. Waller.

It is a rare breeding species, excepting perhaps along the shores of
Hudson bay®, ”, 1%, where it appears to be common. There is no
reason to doubt that it may nest anywhere in Ontario in suitable places.

Ontario birds are likely fammeus flammeus.

Frontenac County, Cataraqui—Set of seven eggs taken on May 24, 1902 by E.
Beaupre is in R.O.M.Z. and a nest with well-developed young was examined
by Beaupre on May 30, 1906.

Haldimand County, Dunnville—Nest with seven young and two eggs was found
between 1885 and 1890 by G. A. MacCallum, according to W. E. Saunders.

81. ACADIAN OWL CRYPTOGLAUX ACADICA

This little owl is a not uncommon breeding bird of Ontario from the
southern border?’, 27 north and west at least to Lake Nipigon!, !°° and
probably to James bay, as a specimen has been taken at Moose Factory”.

It is sporadically distributed and being of a retiring nature its nesting
places are seldom located. Consequently, much has yet to be learned
of its actual breeding distribution.

This is the Saw-whet owl of most authors, and our form is acadica
acadica.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds regularly, two young birds in the so-

‘TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

called ‘‘ Kirtland’s’”’ plumage taken by A. Kay on September 12, 1891, are

in R.O.M.Z.
Ontario County, Thorah island, Lake Simcoe—Five sets of five and six eggs were
found between April 6 and 16, 1929 and one set in April, 1930 by J. A.

Edwards.
Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on June 23,

1926 by L. S. Dear. |
York County, Fisherman’s island, Toronto—Brood of five young was collected

from nest on May 28, 1928 by J. L. Baillie.

To AE
460 MILES

HUDSON BAY

MANITOBA

¢ ; © HENRIETTA
INDEX TO COUNTIES MARIA
AND DISTRICTS

48
8 Ge
25 (SE

37 54

9 MARTIN

; ; ; QUEBEC

21 PORT, ARTHUR
it “4 7SLE ROYALE

44 LAKE SUPERIOR

45 ’ Moe

27 od 4
BS > MANITOUL
49 W/SCONS/W /SLAND GEORGIAN)

{ ( y LAKE

10 PROVINCE &* ONTARIO

17 SCALE OF MILES
onoD 70 " #0

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO

By JAMEs L. BAILLIE, JR. and PAUL HARRINGTON, D.D.S.
(Continued from Vol. XXI, Part I, p. 50)

PARK! IT
82. WHIP-POOR-WILL ANTROSTOMUS VOCIFERUS

The Whip-poor-will is a fairly common summer resident throughout
most of southern Ontario, ranging north to Port Arthur (pair spent
summer of 1923 at Fort William according to L. S. Dear) and Temis-
kaming District®, !°°. Its nesting has been recorded at Lake of the
Woods County, Minnesota!”®, adjacent to Ontario, but its known
breeding range in Ontario extends north only to northern Parry Sound
District, near Lake Nipissing.

Our form is vociferus voctiferus.

Carleton County, Eastman’s Springs—Set of two eggs in N.M.C. was taken on
June 15, 1931, by C. E. Johnson.

Haliburton District, Dysart township—Two young were found in nest on June
24, 1936, and two eggs on July 21, 1936, by E. W. Calvert.

Lambton County, Beach O’ Pines—Two nests were found in 1986 by K. Reynolds.

Lennox and Addington County, Avenger township—Egg taken on June 6, 1934,
by H. B. Jackson is in R.O.M.Z. Set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. taken by
C. K. Clarke on May 27, 1902, is labelled ‘‘Addington County”.

Muskoka District—J. M. Speirs saw a nest with two young on July 7, 1936, at
Torrance and at Honey Harbour, R. Standfield found a nest with two eggs
once in late July.

Ontario County, Lot 21, Conc. 4, Pickering township—Nest was found on
August 21, 1934, by Silas Tool.

Parry Sound District—Nest with eggs was found in 1904 by J. Edmonds at
Ahmic Harbour; downy young were photographed by N. A. Powell on the
Magnetawan river.

Simcoe County—At Wasaga beach a set of two eggs was taken on July 4, 1922, .
by P. Harrington.

Temiskaming District, Uno Park—Nests on the high rocky land, according to
Mrs. J. T. Welbourn.

York County, Toronto—Set of two eggs taken on May 27, 1888, at Kew Gardens
by J. L. Jackson is in R.O.M.Z.

83. NIGHTHAWK_ CHORDEILES MINOR

The Nighthawk is one of the few species which is common and
generally distributed throughout the whole of the province’, ”. It nests
in all suitable districts north at least to Lake of the Woods and Thunder
Bay and Cochrane! Districts, and probably to Hudson’s bay. D.R.
Derry considered it common during the summer of 1930 along the
Manitoba-Ontario boundary between Lat. 53-54° N. and it was common

199

200 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

during the summer of 1927 at Lat. 52° N. along the same boundary
according to R. D. Ussher.
Our form is minor minor.

Algoma District, Kindiogami lake, township 3B or 3C, Mississagi Forest
Reserve—Two young were found on a bare rock on July 13, 1923, by R. D.
Ussher.

Cochrane District—At Smoky Falls, north of Kapuskasing, a set of two eggs was
found on June 24, 1933, by R. V. Whelan. These hatched on July 6. Nest
was found at Moose Factory in 1928, according to S. Waller.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Bred abun-
dantly in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Kent County, Wheatley—A set of two eggs was taken by W. E. Saunders on
June 8, 1909.

Parry Sound District, Upper Fry lake, Monteith township—Two newly-hatched
young in R.O.M.Z., were secured on June 29, 1937, according to H. W.
Swaine.

Russell County, Clarence—Set of two eggs taken on June 16, 1896, by F. W.
Warwick is in R.O.M.Z.

Simcoe County—Set of two eggs was found on June 8, 1921 by P. Harrington at
Collingwood; a set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Barrie by H. B.
Haugh on July 15, 1918.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Set of two eggs was found on June 25, 1914, by F.
Starr and set of two eggs, in R.O.M.Z., on July 22, 1937, by C. E. Hope.
Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of two eggs was taken on June 24,
1924, by L. S. Dear. .
York County, Toronto—Two small young were seen on the roof of the Royal
Ontario Museum on August 9, 1923, by J. L. Baillie. A set of two eggs taken

on June 6, 1912, by T. Glasgow is in the collection of P. Harrington.

84. CHIMNEY SWIFT CHAETURA PELAGICA

The swift occurs in Ontario as far north as the Canadian National
Railway (transcontinental line)”, sparingly in the north" and quite com-
monly in the cultivated and settled districts of the southern parts of the
province. 3

It probably breeds throughout its known range but it is known to
nest north only to southern Thunder Bay", 176, Algoma!4, 1%, central
Sudbury and Temiskaming Districts*®, °°. Its nesting also in the Lake
of the Woods vicinity of Manitoba indicates that its summer range ex-
tends westward to the Manitoba-Ontario boundary.

Durham County, Port Hope—Nest with four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 2, 1908, by N. H. Meeking.

Elgin County, Aylmer—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by R. T.
Anderson.

Frontenac County—At Simcoe island a set of five eggs was taken on June 27,
1918, by E. Beaupre. It is in R.O.M.Z. It was found nesting at Wensley
by W. H. Lunn on July 8, 1934.

Tue DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 201

Manitoulin District, Killarney—Nest found in 1930 by H. Spreadborough is in

« .R,OOM.Z:

Muskoka District—Set of five eggs taken at Port Sydney on June 24, 1919, by
L. L. Snyder is in R.O.M.Z. At Rebecca lake, W. C. Mansell found a nest
on wall of ice-house with four eggs in July, 1933.

Nipissing District—At Green lake, Algonquin Park, a nest with five eggs was
found in a shack on July 14, 1910, by S. L. Thompson. W. E. Ricker found
young in the ventilators at North Bay Collegiate Institute in June, 1926.

Ontario County—Nest and four small young were found at Pickering on July
15, 1928, by J. Edmonds and J. L. Baillie. P. Harrington found a set of four
eggs on June 8, 1914, at Thorah island, Lake Simcoe.

Sudbury District, Biscotasing—New nest, in R.O.M.Z., was found on June 21,
1937, by C. E. Hope.

Thunder Bay District—Fairly common breeder, according to L. S. Dear, at Port
Arthur. At Savanne, T. M. Shortt collected a female on July 7, 1937, in
R.O.M.Z., which had an egg in oviduct.

Victoria County, Thurstonia Park—Nest with six eggs was found on July 6,
1927 by N. Martin.

85. RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD ARCHILOCHUS COLUBRIS

The Ruby-throated Hummingbird occurs in Ontario from the southern
border of the province north to the Albany river!*! (English river Post
in north-western Cochrane District)?’, *! and west to Lake of the Woods.
Also it has been seen in the Kapuskasing vicinity (summer, 1925) by
R. D. Ussher and at Cochrane (one on August 25, 1931) by T. F.
Mcllwraith.

Although it probably nests fairly commonly throughout its range, it
is known to breed north only to southern Nipissing District*®; no breeding
evidence having been discovered north or west of that district, excepting
in the Lake of the Woods vicinity’, 19°.

Elgin County, Aylmer—Nest with two eggs taken on May 28, 1898, by R. T.
Anderson is in R.O.M.Z.

Frontenac County—Nest and two eggs taken on June 6, 1905, at Sharbot lake by
E. Beaupre are in R.O.M.Z. At Kingston on July 9, 1898, E. Beaupre found
a nest with two eggs and noted that the same pair had a nest with two young
nearby.

Grey County, Mountain lake, near Cape Rich—Nest with two eggs was found
on August 7, 1928, by L. H. Beamer.

Hastings County, Tweed—Nest collected about 1909 by E. H. Craigie is in
R.O.M.Z. It cgntained one deserted egg.

Kenora District—A characteristic nesting species in 1920, according to letter
from W. Rowan, at Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods. A nest,
in R.O.M.Z., (contained two eggs) was secured at Wabigoon by T. M. Shortt
on June 19, 1937.

Nipissing District, North Bay—Deserted nest has been found by W. E. Ricker.

Norfolk County, Fisher’s Glen—Nest with two eggs was seen by A. Buchanan
on June 30, 1935, and a nest with young on July 7, 1936, by W. E. Saunders.

202 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Ontario County, Beaverton—Nest with two eggs was found on July 9, 1911, by
J. A. Edwards.

Parry Sound District, Noganosh lake—Nest found by E. M. S. Dale on August
22, 1929, is in R.O.M.Z.

Simcoe County, Wasaga beach—A set of two eggs (nest in R.O.M.Z.) was found
on June 19, 1921, by P. Harrington.

86. BELTED KINGFISHER MEGACERYLE ALCYON

This conspicuous bird is common in most localities throughout
Ontario’, 7!, nesting from the southern border! north at least to
Kenora”®, Thunder Bay and Cochrane Districts, and more than likely
throughout the province. It was found to be common during the
summer of 1930 by D. R. Derry along the Manitoba-Ontario boundary
between Lat. 53-54° N.

The Kingfisher of eastern Canada is alcyon alcyon.

Algoma District, Amyot—Seven young taken from nest-tunnel on July 2, 1936,
by J. L. Baillie, are in R.O.M.Z.

Cochrane District—At Moose Factory it nests at Moose island, according to S.
Waller. E. Dixon has eggs collected by A. V. Dukes at Lake Abitibi.
Frontenac County, Simcoe island—-Set of seven eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on

June 8, 1898, by E. Beaupre.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Bred commonly
in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.
Middlesex County, London—Set of seven eggs taken on May 12, 1906, is in

collection of W. E. Saunders.

Nipissing District—Nest was found at Eau Claire on July 2, 1935, by L. L.
Snyder, T. M. Shortt and C. E. Hope. At Green lake, Algonquin Park,
S. L. Thompson found a nest with six young (ready to leave) on July 14, 1910.

Simcoe County, Wasaga beach—Set of six eggs was taken on May 28, 1913, by
P. Harrington. We saw tunnel with seven eggs there on June 4, 1929.

Thunder Bay District, Rossport—Set of seven eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
May 31, 1936, by S. C. Downing.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Nest with five young and two eggs was seen by
us on June 10, 1932.

York County, Toronto—Set of six eggs taken on July 2, 1891, by J. L. Jackson is
in R.O.M.Z. J. A. Edwards found a set of six eggs in the Don valley on
May 20, 1911, and W. P. Young collected a single egg at Toronto island as
early as May 10 in 1918.

87. YELLOW-SHAFTED FLICKER COLAPTES AURATUS

This is probably the most common of the woodpeckers in Ontario,
breeding in suitable places throughout the province®, 7°, 17°, 188, from our
southern border to the sea-coast of Hudson’s bay. In 1930 it was found
by D. R. Derry to be fairly common along the Manitoba-Ontario
boundary between Lat. 53-54° N.

Si.

a i Mr mee Premeaeti e a mee ef

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 203

Our form is said to be auratus luteus.

Algoma District, Amyot—Set of seven eggs, in R.O.M.Z., was taken on June 27,
1936, by J. L. Baillie.

Cochrane District—At Moose Factory it breeds, according to S. Waller, and
nests were found by P. A. Taverner and C. E. Johnson at Kapuskasing
between June 19 and July 9, 1919.

Durham County, Orono—Nest with three eggs was found on May 5, 1935, by
R. A. Smith.

Elgin County, Port Burwell—Set of five eggs was taken on June 18, 1924, by
E. Stark.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Bred fairly
commonly in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Nipissing District, North Bay—Nest with seven or eight naked young was
found on June 6, 1904, by S. L. Thompson.

Renfrew County, Pembroke—Nest with young was found on July 11, 1935, by

J. L. Baillie.

Temiskaming District, Uno Park—Nests in bird boxes, according to Mrs. J. T.
Welbourn.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of six eggs was taken on June 17, 1923,
by L. S.. Deaz.

York County, Toronto—P. Harrington found a set of thirteen eggs on May 18,
1915. At Humber river, C. G. Harbour found a nest with seven young (one
week old) on June 3, 1911. W. P. Young took a set of eight eggs at the
Humber on June 26, 1925.

88. PILEATED WOODPECKER _ CEOPHLOEUS PILEATUS

This handsome resident woodpecker still occurs in some numbers in
Ontario, especially in the more heavily-wooded areas, from the southern
border”, * north to southern James bay”.

It breeds in the province north to Kenora?®, Thunder Bay and
Cochrane Districts and appears to be on the increase in many localities.
D. R. Derry considered it quite common on July 19, 1930 at the Cobham
river, Lat. 53° N. on the Manitoba-Ontario boundary and George
Barnston noted its presence on April 15, (1839?) at Martin’s Falls, on
the Albany river.!78

Our form is the Northern Pileated Woodpecker, pileatus abieticola.

Cochrane District, Kapuskasing—Young was collected from nest on July 3,
1919, by P. A. Taverner and C. E. Johnson.

Frontenac County, Mackies lake, Plevna—Set of three eggs taken” on May 15,
1903, by E. Beaupre is in R.O.M.Z.

Haldimand County, Hagersville—Young were seen following parents on Indian
reserve in 1878, by C. W. Nash.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Bred in small
numbers in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Muskoka District—At Port Sydney it breeds, according to A. Kay, and at Bala
C. E. Molony saw parent feeding young during the summer of 1934.

204 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Parry Sound District, Kearney—Set of seven eggs was found on June 17, 1920,
by H. P. Bingham.

Simcoe County, Orillia—Nest with young was found in 1915 by S. Watson.

Sudbury District, 40 miles south of Chapleau—Nest with young was found on
June 9, 1937, by C. E. Hope and J. L. Baillie.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was found on May 13,
1930, by L. S. Dear; nest with young was seen by us on June 7, 1935.
Victoria County, Woodville—Set of four eggs was found on May 16, 1932, by P.

Harrington.

89, RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER CENTURUS CAROLINUS

This woodpecker was formerly a not uncommon resident of south-
western Ontario, breeding north to Wellington County and east to
Halton County®. An immature was shot also on July 27, 1894, as far
north as Oak lake, near Havelock, Peterboro County, by J. H. Samuel”
and there is a record” for Sault Ste. Marie, but these may be considered
extralimital. At present, it is known to nest only in Middlesex County”
(and very rarely there) but J. H. Smith observed a male on June 25, 1933,
in Rondeau Park, Kent County.

Elgin County, Aylmer—Set of two eggs taken by R. T. Anderson is in R.O.M.Z.

90. RED-HEADED WOODPECKER MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS

The Red-headed Woodpecker is a summer resident of Ontario,
breeding not uncommonly in the south-western sections, sparingly in the
central and eastern districts, and rarely north to Lake Nipissing and
southern Thunder Bay District®. Thompson* quotes an old record for
Fort Albany, James bay, (probably erroneous) and L. Paterson saw one
at Kenora (Lake of the Woods) on September 7, 1930. It probably
nests throughout its range, and does so definitely north at least to Port
Arthur and Lake Nipissing.

Durham County, Enniskillen—Set of six eggs taken!” in 1892 by O. Byers is in
N.M.C.

Frontenac County—Set of seven eggs taken at Wolfe island on May 29, 1898, by
M. Grimshaw, set of one egg taken on May 14, 1898, at Wolfe island by
C. K. Clarke and set of three eggs taken at Kingston on July 10, 1897, by
C. M. Clarke are in R.O.M.Z.

Huron County, near Goderich—Nest has been found by C. H. D. Clarke.

Kent County, Rondeau—Adult was seen by us at nest on June 7, 1933.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Northumberland County, Cobourg—Eggs were taken by N. A. Powell between
1861-69.

Simcoe County, Wasaga beach—Adult with young was seen on July 1, 1928, by
P. Harrington.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 205

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on June 26,
1927, by L. S. Dear.

Welland County, Sherkston—Set of five eggs taken on May 31, 1895, by E.
Reinecke is in N.M.C.

York County, Toronto—J. A. Edwards found a set of four eggs at Wychwood
Park on June 3, 1911, and at High Park, R. A. Smith examined a nest with
three young on June 14, 1936.

91. YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER_ SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS

The sapsucker is a common summer resident of most sections of
Ontario north to Lat. 55° N. on the Manitoba boundary’’, !7° and James
bay’. D. R. Derry noted it during the summer of 1930 along the
Manitoba-Ontario boundary between Lat. 53° and 54° N. and at Moor
lake, Manitoba, Lat. 52° N. (on Ontario boundary) R. D. Ussher found a
nest on July 8, 1927.

It nests commonly*! in the central parts of the province north at
least to the Transcontinental railway but in the extreme south-western
peninsula and bordering Lake Ontario it breeds only rarely.

Our form is varius varius.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Young were seen in nest on July 12, 1935, by
GH. D: Clarke:

Cochrane District, Kapuskasing—Several nests were found by P. A. Taverner
and C. E. Johnson between June 19 and July 9, 1919.

Kenora District—Bred abundantly in 1920 on Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake
of the Woods, according to letter from W. Rowan. At Ponask lake (Lat.
54-55°N. close to Manitoba boundary) J. Satterly found a nest with young
on July 3, 19386.

Leeds County, Junetown—Set of four eggs taken by E. Beaupre on May 23,
1900, is in R.O.M.Z.

Nipissing District, Wilson lake, Temagami Forest Reserve—Young were seen on
August 5, 1934, by O. E. Devitt.

Parry Sound District, Pickerel lake, near Burk’s Falls—Nest with young was
seen on July 12, 1936, by J. L. Baillie.

Renfrew County, Lake Doré—Nest with young was found on June 25, 1935, by
C. E. Hope.

Simcoe County—Set of four eggs was found at Minesing by us on June 7, 1928.
H. P. Bingham took a set of six eggs at Barrie on June 2, 1918. Parent was
seen with one young at DeGrassi point on July 10, 1933, by E. R. Hunter.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Nest with young was found on June 27, 1914, by
Fotarr:

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of five eggs was taken on June 27, 1928,
by L. S. Dear.

92. HAIRY WOODPECKER DRYOBATES VILLOSUS

The Hairy Woodpecker is a fairly common breeding resident of
Ontario, north at least to the Transcontinental railway", ?°, west to

206 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Lake of the Woods and possibly northward along the Manitoba boundary,
as it was noted there (between Lat. 53° and 54° N.) during the summer
of 1980 by D. R. Derry. To the north of the Canadian National Railway
(transcontinental line) it has been noted at Moose Factory” and at
Hat island, on the Albany river”.

The Hairy Woodpecker of most of Ontario is villosus villosus but in
northern Ontario the breeding form of this species has been recorded’®, *!
as villosus septentrionalis.

Algoma District, Township 4A, Mississagi Forest Reserve—Parents were seen
feeding young in the nest on June 6, 1923, by R. D. Ussher.

Frontenac County, Loughboro township—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was
taken on May 4, 1897, by E. Beaupre.

Haliburton District, Haliburton—A set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 5, 1913.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Nested fairly
plentifully in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Middlesex County, Coldstream—A. A. Wood found a nest with three young on
May 26, 1918.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Set of three eggs taken by A. Kay on May 12,
1893, is in R.O.M.Z.

Simcoe County—Set of five eggs was taken on May 3, 1922, by P. Harrington at
Wasaga beach and a nest with young was seen by us at Minesing on May 9,
1925.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Pair was seen with fledged young on
June 5, 1927, by L. S. Dear.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Nest with young was seen by us on June 10, 1932.

York County—P. Harrington saw a family of adults and young on May 27,
1922, and a nest with young was seen by him on May 19, 1929, both at
Toronto; egg in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Weston on My 24, 1905, by
L. B. Brown.

93. DOWNY WOODPECKER DRYOBATES PUBESCENS

The Downy Woodpecker is a resident bird of Ontario north to
southern James bay” and west to Lake of the Woods?’, breeding
commonly throughout its range.

The eastern Canadian form is pubescens medianus.

Algoma District, Amyot—Set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 25,
1936, by C. E. Hope.

Cochrane District—At Lake Abitibi A. V. Dukes has collected eggs, according to
E. Dixon, and at Kapuskasing young were seen with parents on July 5, 1919,
by P. A. Taverner and C. E. Johnson.

Frontenac County, Rockwood—Set of four eggs found on May 21, 1898, by H.
Clarke is in R.O.M.Z.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Nested abun-
dantly in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Kent County, Rondeau—Nest with young was seen by us on June 12, 1933.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 207

Middlesex County, London—Set of four eggs taken on May 18, 1906, is in
collection of W. E. Saunders.

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—Nest was found on June
25, 1929, by W. E. Ricker.

Simcoe County, Barrie—Set of six eggs was taken by H. P. Bingham on May
23, 1915.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Nest with young was found on June 25, 1914, by F.
Starr.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of five eggs was taken on June 12, 1927,
by L. S. Dear.

94. ARCTIC THREE-TOED WOODPECKER PICOIDEs aRcTIcUsS

This is a fairly common resident bird from Muskoka District*! and
Algonquin Park!” north to James bay” and west to the Manitoba
boundary, where it was noted by D. R. Derry during the summer of
1930 (between Lat. 53° and 54° N.). It nests north at least to the
Transcontinental railway”, *!, according to our records.

Algoma District, Township 4c (Round lake and Minnesenagua lake district),
Mississagi Forest Reserve—Young were found in nest on June 25, 1923,
by R. D. Ussher.

Cochrane District, Kapuskasing—Nest with young was found in late June, 1919,
by P. A. Taverner and C. E. Johnson.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Found breeding
at High lake in 1920, according to W. Rowan.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Nipissing District—Young male in R.O.M.Z. was taken by D. A. MacLulich on
July 25, 1933, at Biggar lake, Algonquin Park. A nest, in R.O.M.Z., col-
lected by A. F. Coventry and W. Tovell, on July 21, 1937, at Outlet bay,
Temagami, was occupied when found on July 5.

Parry Sound District, Sand lake—Set of three eggs taken on May 30, 1894, by
J. H. Fleming, is in R.O.M.Z.

Thunder Bay District, Stanley—Set of four eggs taken on May 18, 1930, by
L. S. Dear, is in R.O.M.Z.

95. AMERICAN THREE-TOED WOODPECKER PICcOoIDEs
TRIDACTYLUS

This rare woodpecker occurs in Ontario in sumimer north from Lat.
48° N. to Hudson’s bay’.

The only places where it is known to have nested are Lake Abitibi*!
and Severn river, on Hudson’s bay**, but at Kapuskasing C. E. Johnson
collected a female on July 1 and a male on July 3, 1919 (now in N.M.C.).
R. T. Morris noted the species on June 30, 1906, at Winnebago*!, Sudbury
District, J. E. Cabot®? noted it between Pic and Fort William (Thunder
Bay District) in July, 1848, and Murray!” records it from Severn House,

208 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

on Severn river. Also, R. D. Ussher saw one during the summer of
1927 at Lat. 52° N. on the Manitoba-Ontario boundary.
The form occurring in Ontario is tridactylus bacatus.

96. KINGBIRD TYRANNUS TYRANNUS

The Kingbird is a summer resident of Ontario, common in the
southern parts and occurring north to James bay, breeding from the
southern border north to Lake of the Woods, !78, southern Thunder
Bay and Temiskaming Districts.

Its occurrence on August 28, 1904, at Albany river, on James bay”
and at Moose Factory (one in R.O.M.Z. taken on June 2, 1928 by
S. Waller) suggests that its breeding range may extend north to James
bay.

It was regarded as a new arrival at Kapuskasing, on the Canadian
National Railway (transcontinental line) in 1919, according to P. A.
Taverner.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—C. H. D. Clarke saw nest with young on
July 13, 1935.

Halton County, Glen Williams—Set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 10, 1905, by L. B. Brown.

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of three eggs, collected on June
20, 1934, is in the possession of S. C. Downing.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Bred commonly
in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Lincoln County, Rosedene—Nest with four eggs was found on June 6, 1933, by
G. J. Clout;

Parry Sound District—At Pickerel lake, east of Burk’s Falls, a nest with three
eggs was found on July 16, 1935, by J. L. Baillie. At Frank’s bay, Lake
Nipissing, C. H. D. Clarke found a nest with two eggs on June 27, 1933.

Peterborough County, Jack’s creek, Stony lake—Nest with two young and one
egg was found on July 6, 1921, by J. L. Baillie.

Temiskaming District, Uno Park—Nests, according to Mrs. J. T. Welbourn.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was found on June 22,
1926, by L. S. Dear.

Victoria County, Kirkfield—J. A. Edwards has a set of three eggs taken on June
7, 1913.

97. ‘CRESTED ELYCATCHER ‘sMVIARCHUS CRINZTUS

The Crested Flycatcher is a fairly common summer inhabitant of
Ontario north to southern Algoma District!? and Lake Nipissing.

Although we are aware of no breeding records north of Muskoka
District and Renfrew County’, it most likely nests throughout its
stated range. |

Our birds are considered to be crinitus boreus.

“Te Geena

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 209

Carleton County, Mer Bleue—Nest and six eggs in N.M.C were taken on June
11, 1908, by C. H. Young.

Durham County, Bowmanville—Nest with four young and two eggs was found
on June 22, 1927, by A. E. Allin.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Set of five eggs in N.M.C. was taken on June 16,
1913, by P. A. Taverner and C. H. Young.

Frontenac County—Set of four eggs was found on May 30, 1898, by E. Beaupre
at Portsmouth. At Simcoe island on June 18, 1898, a nest with five small
young was found by C. J. Young and E. Beaupre.

Grey County, Meaford—A nest with five eggs was seen on June 28, 1936, by
L. H. Beamer.

Muskoka District, Lake Joseph—Nest with young was found on July 38, 1922,
by R. D. Ussher.

Simcoe County—At Wasaga beach, set of four eggs was taken on June 18, 1922,
and set of four eggs on July 8, 1922, by P. Harrington. At DeGrassi point,
E. R. Hunter saw parents feeding two or three young on July 28, 1933.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found on June
6, 1981, by P. Harrington.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—Nest with four young was found in 1931 by P.
Henderson.

York County—Set of six eggs was found on June 10, 1911 by J. A. Edwards at
Wychwood park, Toronto. At Strange, a nest with four young, found on
July 7, 1985 by R. D. Ussher, was vacated on July 9.

98. EASTERN PHOEBE SAYORNIS PHOEBE

The Phoebe is a common summer resident of most of Ontario,
breeding north to the transcontinental line of the Canadian National
Railway and west to the southern Manitoba-Ontario boundary’, 1”.

Elgin County, Port Burwell—Set of five eggs was found on June 11, 1924, by
EB. Statr.

Hastings County, near Bannockburn—Set of four eggs (originally five) in
R.O.M.Z. was taken on May 30, 1921, by W. H. Lunn.

Kenora District—Bred abundantly in 1920 at Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake
of the Woods, according to letter from W. Rowan. B. W. Cartwright found
a nest with five eggs on May 24, 1932, at Clearwater bay, eight miles south-
west of Keewatin.

Lincoln County—Nest with four eggs was found at Rockway on April 30, 1933,
by G. J. Clout, who also found a nest with four young on May 26, 1935, at
Niagara-on-the-lake, and a nest with four young at St. Catharines on July
4, 1936.

Ontario County, Beaverton—J. A. Edwards saw nest with four eggs on July 15,
1909.

Peterborough County, Lakefield—Nest with five eggs was found on July 6, 1923,
by J. L. Baillie.

Renfrew County, Petawawa—Set of three eggs was found on June 1, 1916, by
P. Harrington.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Set of four eggs was taken on June 27, 1914, by
F. Starr, and brood of four nestlings, in R.O.M.Z., was obtained on July 17,
1937, by J. L. Baillie.

210 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Thunder Bay District—Set of five eggs was found on May 21, 1911, at Port
Arthur by L. S. Dear and five eggs were seen by us in nest at Whitefish lake
on June 3, 1935. R. D. Ussher saw bird feeding young on July 31, 1924, at

. a lake north of Mack.

York County, Toronto—P. Harrington took a set of four eggs plus egg of Cow-
bird on May 7, 1915, and at Don river J. M. Speirs found a nest with young
on June 15, 1935.

99, YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER EMPIDONAX FLAVIVENTRIS

This small flycatcher is a not uncommon summer resident of Ontario
from the northern part of Wellington County® to the transcontinental
line of the Canadian National Railway'®, *! and west to Lake of the
Woods (noted in the summer of 1920 on the Ontario side of Indian bay,
according to letter from W. Rowan).

It has been recorded as breeding in Wellington County, in Bruce
County” and in Parry Sound and Muskoka Districts*® but the only
recent nesting occurrences of which we are aware are from Port Arthur.
Barrows’? states that it breeds in Marquette County, Michigan (on the
south shore of Lake Superior).

Its south-eastern breeding limit in the province is probably Carleton
County”* as a female (marked incubating) was taken at Mer Bleue on
June 13, 1891, by F. A. Saunders, according to the journals of W. E.
Saunders. That it may nest as far south as Lake Ontario is suggested
by the record from Amherst island (given below) and by the fact that
it is known to breed *#! in St. Lawrence County, New York, adjacent to
Ontario.

Lennox and Addington County, Amherst island—‘‘On July 1, 1921, near the
marsh I found a nest of the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. The nest was made
of dry grass and rootlets and was placed on the side of a hummock of grass.
The four young ones were covered with jet black down’’. (Diary of E.
Beaupre in R.O.M.Z.)

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Nest (in R.O.M.Z.) with four eggs was
taken on June 24, 1934, by L. S. Dear, who also collected a set of four eggs
in late June, 1936.

100. ACADIAN FLYCATCHER EMPIDONAX VIRESCENS

This flycatcher has been found on a few occasions in Essex, Kent,
Middlesex and Haldimand Counties, all in the neighbourhood of Lake
Erie.

A nest with three eggs was reported® at Dunnville (Haldimand
County) on June 24, 1884 by Dr. G. A. MacCallum but at the present
time it is known to nest only at Rondeau Park, where it breeds not
uncommonly. On the south shore of Lake Erie it has been found

- ttl

die elt

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 211

breeding at least at Presque isle, Erie County, Pennsylvania?®® and also
| in Niagara County*", New York.

Kent County—At Rondeau Park a nest with three eggs (nest in R.O.M.Z.) was
found on June 14, 1931, by T. D. Patterson and another nest with eggs by
| F. H. Emery; on June 12, 1933, we found four nests containing two, two,
| three and three eggs respectively. At Renwick W. E. Saunders collected a
female on June 8, 1909, which contained an egg!" almost ready for extrusion.

101. TRAILL’S FLYCATCHER EMPIDONAX TRAILLI

The Traill’s Flycatcher is a fairly common and generally distributed
summer resident" of Ontario north to southern James bay”, breeding at
least from the southern limit of the province north to Thunder Bay
District and Lake Abitibi*.
| This is the Alder Flycatcher of most authors, and the form occurring
| in Ontario is trailli trailli.

| Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Adult was seen feeding young on July 18,
| 1935, by C. H. D. Clarke.
Hastings County, Bird Creek—Nest with two eggs was collected on June 22,
1935, by T. M. Shortt. They are in R.O.M.Z.
Nipissing District—At Biggar lake, Algonquin Park, young were seen on July 18,
1933, by C. H. D. Clarke. At North Bay W. E. Ricker found a nest with
four eggs on June 21, 1925.
Peel County, Clarkson—Set of two eggs, plus egg of Cowbird, was taken on
June 30, 1920, by F. Starr.
Perth County, Listowel—A set of three eggs, taken on July 21, 1902, by A. A.
Perrin is in the collection of P. Harrington.
Simcoe County, Barrie—Nest and set of four eggs (one later destroyed) taken on
July 1, 1918, by H. B. Haugh are in R.O.M.Z.
Sudbury District, Biscotasing—Nest with four eggs, in R.O.M.Z., was secured by
C. E. Hope on June 25, 1937.
Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on July 1, 1924,
| and set of three eggs on July 1, 1923, by L. S. Dear.
| Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Nest and three eggs were taken on June 14,
| 1931, by P. Harrington.
| York County—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Toronto on June 13,
1890, by J. L. Jackson. On July 13, 1934, C. E. Hope found a nest with four
young at Mount Dennis, and a nest with three young at the same place on
July 26, 1936.

102. LEAST FLYCATCHER EMPIDONAX MINIMUS

The Least Flycatcher is a fairly common breeding summer resident
of the province north to southern Kenora District?® and southern James
bay”.

Cochrane District—Nest with four eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) was found on June 18,

1930, by S. Waller at Moose Factory. A. V. Dukes collected eggs at Lake
Abitibi, according to E. Dixon.

212 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Frontenac County, Sharbot lake—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found on
June 9, 1902, by E. Beaupre.

Kenora District, Kenora—On June 12, 1930, L. Paterson found a nest with four
eggs.

Lennox and Addington County, Avenger township—Nest with four eggs in
R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 5, 1934, by H. B. Jackson.

Muskoka District—At Robinsdale a nest with four eggs was photographed on
June 9, 1923, by A. W. Needler. At Rebecca lake W. C. Mansell found an
occupied nest in July, 1934.

Parry Sound District—At Pickerel lake, near Burk’s Falls, young just out of the
nest was collected on July 16, 1936, by J. L. Baillie; it is in R.O.M.Z. At
Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing, one was seen building nest on June 14, 1933,
by C: He DiiClarke:

Simcoe County, Barrie—Set of four eggs was taken on June 3, 1915, by H. P.
Bingham, and J. M. Speirs saw young being fed by parents on June 30, 1937.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was found on June 25,
1924, by L. S. Dear.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Set of two eggs was taken on July 1, 1933, by
Fe Starr.

York County, Toronto—Set of three eggs taken at Kew gardens on June 23,
1889, by J. L. Jackson is in R.O.M.Z.

103. EASTERN WOOD PEWEE MYIOCHANES VIRENS

The Wood Pewee is a fairly common breeding summer resident of
Ontario north to southern Thunder Bay™ and southern Sudbury Dis-

tricts!?, *.

Its breeding range undoubtedly extends somewhat farther north, as
it has been recorded as a common summer resident at Spanish river,
southern Algoma District! and as a summer resident at Lake of the
Woods (Manitoba)?’, at Gargantua!’ (near Agawa) and in Temagami®,

Essex County, Point Pelee—Nest in R.O.M.Z. was found on June 20, 1920, by
L. L. Snyder.

Frontenac County—Set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Newcourt on
June 8, 1898, by C. K. Clarke and set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken
at Portsmouth on July 6, 1898, by E. Beaupre.

Halton County, Oakville—Set of three eggs taken by J. L. Jackson on August
8, 1890, is in R.O.M.Z.

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of two eggs was taken on July
31, 1935, according to R. Smyth.

Middlesex County, 7 miles north-east of London—Set of three eggs was taken
on June 6, 1908, by W. E. Saunders.

Nipissing District, North Bay—S. L. Thompson saw an adult at nest on June
10, 1904.

Simcoe County—Set of two eggs was taken on July 27, 1914, by P. Harrington
at Wasaga beach. At Penetang a nest was taken on June 14, 1935, by C. E.
Hope. It is in R.O.M.Z.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Female in R.O.M.Z., taken on July 14, 1937, by
J. L. Baillie, contained an egg (with shell).

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO PAWS

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Nest with four small young was located on
July 15, 1928, by L. S. Dear.
York County—A nest with one egg was found on August 2, 1927, by R. V.
Lindsay, at Toronto. A nest with two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Thorn-
hill on July 14, 1902, by J. Parke.

104. OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER NUTTALLORNIS MESOLEUCUS

This flycatcher is a not uncommon summer resident of Ontario in
suitable places north from about Lat. 44° N. to James bay” and west!¥9
to Thunder Bay District!”*. Its occurrence in the Lake of the Woods
section of Manitoba’? indicates that its range probably extends westward
to the western extremity of Ontario.

It probably breeds throughout its summer range*!, °7,

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Parry Sound District, Restoule and Memesogamesing lakes, Patterson and
Hardy townships—Three families were seen in August, 1903, by E. H. Eaton,
according to his letter to J. H. Fleming dated February 18, 1905.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Young, in R.O.M.Z., was secured by C. E. Hope,
on July 27, 1937.

Thunder Bay District—At Port Arthur, a set of three eggs was taken by L. S.
Dear with nest on June 24, 1934. The nest is in R.O.M.Z. Another nest
with one egg was found by Colonel Dear on July 2, 1928, but it was destroyed
on the 6th. At Peninsula a set of three eggs was collected by C. E. Hope on
June 21, 1936; this set is in the collection of P. Harrington.

105. HORNED LARK OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS

The Horned Lark breeds fairly commonly in the cultivated sections
of Ontario north to southern Kenora” District, southern Sudbury Dis-
trict®® and Ottawa” (and possibly considerably farther’) and again com-
monly along the western coast of James bay, north to Cape Henrietta
Maria, and probably north-westward to the Manitoba boundary’.

The race of this species breeding in extreme northern Ontario is
probably alpestris alpestris® but the form inhabiting the greater part of
the province is the Prairie Horned Lark, alpestris praticola.

Carleton County, Ottawa—Young taken by F. A. Saunders on June 8, 1891, is
in the collection of W. E. Saunders.

Frontenac County—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on April 3, 1898,
by C. K. Clarke at New Court. At Kingston, E. Beaupre found a nest with
three young on April 9, 1898.

Hastings County, Stirling—Nest with three eggs was found by E. W. Calvert
on April 4, 1927.

Lambton County, Sarnia—W. A. Dent found nest with three eggs on March
13, 1911, according to W. E. Saunders.

or

214

TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Lincoln County—At St. Catharines, G. J. Clout found a nest with three eggs on
May 25, 1936. At Beamsville young were seen out of the nest on June 18,
1918, by H. M. Laing, according to the ‘“‘Globe”’, June 19, 1920.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Nest with two eggs taken on May 4, 1899, by
A. Kay is in R.O.M.Z.

Norfolk County, Simcoe—A nest with three eggs was found on March 25 by
M. Landon, who has a photograph of it.

Parry Sound District, Katrine—Nest was found in 1927 by R. J. Rutter.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Young, still with parents, was collected on July 20,
1937, by J. L. Baillie; it isin R.O.M.Z.

York County, Toronto—At Toronto island, J. H. Samuel saw a nest with three
eggs on March 22, 1898, and saw young awing on April 19, 1897. A nest
with four eggs was found at Ashbridge’s bay on June 24, 1935, by H. H.
Southam and a set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found at Centre island on
July 3, 1904, by L. B. Brown.

106. TREE SWALLOW _IRIDOPROCNE BICOLOR

This species is probably the commonest and most widely-distributed

of the swallows in Ontario, occurring in summer from the southern
border north at least to James bay” and probably north throughout the
province’®.

It is known to nest commonly north to southern James bay’, *! and

west to the southern Manitoba-Ontario boundary”® and probably farther
northward, as it was found fairly commonly during the summer of 1930
by D. R. Derry along the boundary between Lat. 53-54° N.

Algoma District, Amyot—Nest with six young, in R.O.M.Z., was collected by
J. L. Baillie on June 25, 1936.

Cochrane District—Nests, according to S. Waller, on Moose island at Moose
Factory, and at Kapuskasing a pair nested (June 19 to July 9) in 1919,
according to P. A. Taverner. Young, scarcely able to fly, taken on July 19,
1936, by R. V. Whelan at Smoky Falls, is in R.O.M.Z.

Frontenac County, Collins’ lake—Nest with six eggs was found on June 2, 1922,
by C:/J.. Young,

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of five eggs was secured on
June 6, 1935, according to R. Smyth.

Kenora District, Kenora—L. Paterson found a set of five eggs on June 7, 1931,
in a bird box, according to B. W. Cartwright.

Kent County, Rondeau—Nest in hanging cocoanut-shell ““bird box’’ was seen by
us on June 6, 1933, in the garden of Dr. C. C. Bell.

Ontario County, Frenchman’s bay—Nest with five eggs was found by C. E.
Hope on May 26, 1929.

Simcoe County—At Collingwood a nest with seven eggs was found on June 11,
1920, by P. Harrington and at Little lake, H. P. Bingham found a set of four
eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) on May 21, 1922. At DeGrassi point young were being
fed in nest on June 27, 1936, according to E. R. Hunter.

Temiskaming District, Uno Park—Nests in bird boxes, according to Mrs. J. T.
Welbourn.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 215

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of three eggs was collected on July 8,
1927, by L. S. Dear.

107. BANK SWALLOW RIPARIA RIPARIA

This is a common and widely, though sporadically, distributed
breeding bird of Ontario, nesting in colonies from the southern border?’
north to Hudson bay, ”, “4, 8 in suitable places and west to Lake of

the Woods.
The Ontario form of the species is rzparia riparia.

Cochrane District, Moose Factory—Nest with four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken
on June 20, 1930, by S. Waller.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of five eggs was taken by E. Beaupre on
June 4, 1897.

Kenora District, Kenora—L. Paterson found a nest on June 15, 1980.

Lincoln County, Port Dalhousie—Nest with four young was found on July 1,
1935, by R. A. Smith.

Northumberland County—Colony of five hundred pairs was found at Brighton
on July 2, 1935, by J. L. Baillie. W. H. Lunn took a set of two eggs (in
R.O.M.Z.) near Trenton on May 21, 1921.

Ontario County, Thorah island, Lake Simcoe—Set of six eggs was found on
June 10, 1914, by P. Harrington.

Renfrew County, Arnprior—Colony of two hundred pairs was found on July 11,
1935, by J.-L. Baillie.

Sudbury District, Larchwood—Colony of 25 or more pairs was seen on July 7,
1936, by S. C. Downing, C. E. Hope and J. L. Baillie.

Thunder Bay District—Set of four eggs was collected at Port Arthur on June 27,
1927, by L. S. Dear. At Kakabeka Falls, J. L. Baillie saw one enter tunnel
in sandbank on June 29, 1929.

York County, Toronto—Set of five eggs was found on May 30, 1914, by P.
Harrington and set of three eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) was taken by J. L. Jackson
on July 17, 1892.

108. AMERICAN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW ) sTELGIDOPTERYX
RUFICOLLIS

The breeding range of the Rough-winged Swallow in Ontario extends
from the southern border!® north to Ottawa”? and south Georgian bay
(and probably to Manitoulin District, as four were seen at South Bay
mouth on August 5, 1934 by J. M. Speirs). It breeds also at Lake of the
Woods’? (Manitoba) and probably on the Ontario side, in which region
there appears to be a marked southern tendency in the avifauna.

It is not a particularly numerous species but in certain places it is
found in some numbers.

The Ontario form is ruficollis serripennis.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Three pairs were found nesting on June 11,
1924, by E. Beaupre.

216 TRANSACTIONS OF THE RoyAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Grey County, Meaford—One was seen at nest on May 26, 1935, by F. H. Emery.

Huron County, Goderich—Nest (in R.O.M.Z.) contained three eggs on June 12,
1936, according to C. H. D. Clarke.

Lincoln County—Nest with eggs was found in 1932 in crevice of old stone wall
by G. J. Clout at St. Catharines. At Niagara-on-the-lake, W. P. Young
took a set of five eggs on June 23, 1926.

Middlesex County, London—W, E. Saunders has a set of seven eggs taken by
him on June 15, 1900.

Perth County, St. Mary’s—Nest with one egg in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 1,
1935, by C. E. Hope.

Simcoe County—Set of four eggs was taken at Wasaga beach on July 1, 1928 by
P. Harrington, and H. P. Bingham took a set of four eggs at Barrie on June
13, 1918.

Victoria County, Kirkfield—A set of five eggs is in collection of E. Dixon.

Wellington County, Rockwood—Several pairs were found nesting on July 2,
1927, by R. V. Lindsay.

York County—A nest with four young was taken by C, E. Hope at Pottageville
on July 12, 1931, and at Grenadier pond, Toronto, S. C. Downing and R.
Smyth found a nest with five eggs on June 9, 1935. At Don river, R. J.
Rutter found a nest with two eggs on May 26, 1934.

109. BARN SWALLOW _ HIRUNDO ERYTHROGASTER

In Ontario this is a common breeding swallow, nesting in colonies
near habitations from Lake Erie!’ north at least to northern Lake of- the
Woods!” (and Isle Royale, Michigan*®), Chapleau (Sudbury District)
and Temiskaming District (approx. Lat. 48° N.). It may range north
to the transcontinental line of the Canadian National Railway, as five
were seen at Mattice (southern Cochrane District) on August 26, 1931,
by T. F. MclIlwraith and one was killed at Moose Factory in 1924 by
Clarence Hester (according to S. Waller).

Essex County, Pelee island—Nest with three eggs was found by us on June 4,
1933.

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of four eggs was taken on July
26, 1934, according to R. Smyth.

Kenora District, Ingolfi—New nest was found by L. L. Snyder on June 2, 1937.

Lennox and Addington County, Buckshot lake—Nest and three eggs in R.O.M.Z.
were taken on July 20, 1982, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Ontario County, Thorah island, Lake Simcoe—Set of seven eggs was found on
June 10, 1914, by P. Harrington.

Simcoe County—Eight nests were found (one with three eggs) at Marl lake on
June 3 and three nests (one with four eggs) at Orr lake on June 7, 1929 by
us. A set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Barrie by H. B. Haugh on
June 21, 1916.

Sudbury District—One was seen on nest by us on June 15, 1985 at Chapleau.
At Washagami, Davis township, J. B. Walty found a nest with four eggs in
early June, 1986. A nest with three eggs and two young, in R.O.M.Z., was
taken at Biscotasing by C. E. Hope on June 28, 1937.

ad

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 217

Temiskaming District, Uno Park—Nests, according to Mrs. J. T. Welbourn.

Thunder Bay District—At Port Arthur a set of four eggs was taken on June 23,
1926, by L. S. Dear. At Rossport a nest with five eggs was secured for
R.O.M.Z. on June 4, 1936, by S. C. Downing.

York County, Toronto—A set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on May 27,
1905, by L. B. Brown.

110. CLIFF SWALLOW PETROCHELIDON ALBIFRONS

The Cliff or Eave Swallow is an irregularly distributed breeding
species in the province, north to southern Sudbury District®, "° and
Algonquin Park and Ottawa’.

Forster ®° has recorded it nesting also at Severn river, on Hudson’s
bay, and consequently it may range throughout the province, “4. W.
Rowan noted also a single individual in July, 1920, at the Manitoba side
of Lake of the Woods*® and they are known to nest in Lake County,
Minnesota!”® adjacent to Ontario on Lake Superior and at Isle Royale,
Michigan??,

It is not a common species and its numbers appear to be on the
decline in many sections.

Our form is albzfrons albifrons.

Elgin County, Port Burwell—Breeds commonly, but was scarce in 1924, accord-
ing to F. Starr.

Frontenac County—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Portsmouth on
June 8, 1897, from colony of eight nests by E. Beaupre. At Mountain
Grove, R. V. Lindsay took a nest with four eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) on June

26, 1932.
Leeds County, Crosby lake—Nine occupied nests were found on July 7, 1936,
by G. C. Toner.

Muskoka District—Two nests were seen on July 8, 1936, by J. M. Speirs at
Torrance. At Wasdell Falls, Severn river, D. Hassell and B. Ronald found a
colony of thirteen nests on July 13, 1936.

Nipissing District, Brule lake, Algonquin Park—Juvenile male, taken on July
25, 1934, by C..H. D. Clarke, is in R.O.M.Z.

Parry Sound District, Callander—Nests were seen on July 2, 1935 by R.O.M.Z.
field party, L. L. Snyder, C. E. Hope and T. M. Shortt.

Simcoe County, Marl lake—Five nests with four and five eggs were found by us
on June 3, 1929.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Nestlings, in R.O.M.Z., were secured from a colony
of fourteen nests on July 18, 1937, by C. E. Hope and J. L. Baillie.

Wentworth County, Beverly swamp—33 nests were found on barn on May 30,
1936, by D. Hassell and B. Ronald.

York County, Toronto—Small colony was found breeding on May 11, 1924, by
L. L. Snyder. Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on July 21, 1906, by
L. B. Brown.

218 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

111. PURPLE MARTIN PROGNE SUBIS

The Purple Martin breeds commonly, especially in and about the
towns and villages, in southern Ontario, north to Manitoulin District,
north Frontenac County and Renfrew County”. In extreme western
Ontario they breed also at Kenora and possibly elsewhere in Lake of the
Woods and Lake Superior districts, wherever habitations offer them
suitable breeding places, and they are known to nest at Lake of the
Woods (Minnesota!”*),

Our form is subis subis.

Elgin County, St. Thomas—Bred commonly in July, 1928, according to F. H.
Emery.

Frontenac County—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Portsmouth by
E. Beaupre on June 18, 1896, and a set of four eggs was also found by
Beaupre on June 8, 1898. R. V. Lindsay saw young being fed by parents at
Arden in August, 1930.

Kenora District, Kenora—Four families bred in bird box of Mrs. C. Ratchford
in 1938, according to B. W. Cartwright, who has a photograph of the colony.

Lincoln County, Niagara-on-the-lake—Set of four eggs was taken on June 22,
1924, by W. P. Young.

Manitoulin District—About twenty pairs nested at Gore Bay in 1925, according
to A. M. Patterson; young were seen in nests about eaves of store on main
street. At Treasure island, near Mindemoya, Martins bred in 1936 at
Joseph Hodgson’s place, according to A. H. Eadie.

Muskoka District, Huntsville—Two or three pairs were found nesting on July
11, 1936, by J. L. Baillie.

Perth County, Listowel—Have nested for forty oa on the grounds of H. D.
Livingstone, according to W. E. Saunders.

Peterborough County—At Young’s Point several pairs bred in boxes at hotel
grounds in 1895, according to J. H. Samuel. Egg in R,O.M.Z. was taken at
Peterborough between 1896-1899 by G. S. Bell.

Simcoe County—At Barrie a set of five eggs was taken on June 8, 1916, by H. P.
Bingham. A. M. Patterson states that four pairs bred in 1936 at Hawke-
stone, and a nest with four young was found at Midland by R. Standfield
on July 17, 1935.

York County, Unionville—E. Dixon has set of three eggs taken there.

112. CANADA JAY PERISOREUS CANADENSIS

In the wooded regions of Ontario, the Canada Jay is a familiar and
fairly common breeding resident, from Algonquin Park north to Severn
river®, 7>, 183, 193 and Cape Henrietta Maria! (Hudson bay) and west to
Kenora* District (D. R. Derry found it to be very common during the
summer of 1930 along the Manitoba-Ontario boundary between Lat.
53°-54° N.).

Our form is canadensis canadensis.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 219

Algoma District, Amyot—Young bird was seen on June 23, 1936 by S. C. Down-
ing, C. E. Hope and J. L. Baillie.

Cochrane District—At Old Woman river, near Kapuskasing, fully grown young
were seen on June 6, 1925, by R. D. Ussher, and at Moose Factory it breeds,
accordingto S. Waller, who sent a nest to R.O.M.Z. taken on May 26, 1930.
Another nest in R.O.M.Z. with three eggs, was collected in April, 1936, by
F. L. Wilson at Halfway point, between the Moose and Albany rivers.

Kenora District—At Wabigoon a nest with four young was found in April, 1928,
by E. R. Norman, according to B. W. Cartwright. At Stull lake, Lat.
54-55°N. on the Manitoba-Ontario boundary a juvenile was seen by J.
Satterly on June 20, 1936.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Nipissing District, Algonquin Park—Bird was found on nest near Joe lake in
May, 1923, by Mrs. A. E. MacLoghlin, according to the Toronto ‘‘Globe’”’
of May 31, 1924. At Cache lake, E. L. Brereton found two adults with four
young in May, 1936.

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—Young birds have been
found by C. H. D. Clarke.

Sudbury District, Devon, near Chapleau—On June 16, 1937, P. Harrington and
J. L. Baillie saw an empty nest, as well as a full-grown juvenile awing.
Temiskaming District, Pork rapids, Montreal river, near Latchford—Juvenile

taken on June 10, 1906, by W. B. Rubridge is in collection of J. H. Fleming.

Thunder Bay District—Nest with three eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) was taken on March
13, 1933 and nest with four eggs on April 3, 1933, by L. S. Dear, both in
Sibley township. Nest with two young in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Jellicoe
on April 22, 1985, by H. M. Parrington.

BLUE JAY CYANOCITTA CRISTATA

This species is a conspicuous and fairly common summer resident
north at least to southern Kenora District?® and the Missinabi river”
(common in June, 1904). It is much more common in southern Ontario
than it is in the north, breeding fairly commonly north to central Sudbury
District and Port Arthur and probably throughout its defined range.

Our form is cristata cristata.

Frontenac County—At Sharbot lake, E. Beaupre found a nest with five young on
June 18, 1921, and at Kingston on May 12, 1905, he secured a set of four
eggs (in R.O.M.Z.). .

Huron County, Benmiller—Young bird was taken June 6-7, 1935, by T. M.
Shortt.

Kenora District, Kenora—L. Paterson found three young birds on June 15, 1930.

Leeds County, Junetown—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on May 14,
1902, by W. E. Shelburne.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Nest with five eggs was found on June 1, 1935,
by G.J. Clout,

Muskoka District, Lake Joseph—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was secured on
June 1, 1892, by J. D. McMurrich.

220 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Nipissing District—At Eau Claire, young bird was collected on July 1, 1935,
by T. M. Shortt and at Lake Wilson, Temagami, O. E. Devitt saw flying
young in the summer of 1934.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Small young, in R.O.M.Z., were secured by C. E.
Hope on July 20, 1937.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on May 31,
1929, by L. S. Dear.

York County—Set of six eggs was taken at Mount Dennis on May 4, 1930, by
C. E. Hope. H. H. Brown found a nest with five young at Toronto on
May 18, 1888.

114. RAVEN coRvuUS CORAX

The Raven is a rather rare inhabitant of northern Ontario between
Ottawa** and Hudson bay’, ”, west to the Manitoba boundary™!. It
probably nests throughout its range, but the only known nesting records
are from Temagami” (nest and three young on cliff at Lake Obakika on
June 9, 1909), Moose Factory, Sudbury", *, Port Arthur™ and southern
Kenora District. Roberts!”® records likely nesting records from Min-
nesota counties adjacent to western Ontario and it is known to breed on
Isle Royale, Michigan*®. At Lat. 52° N. on Manitoba side of Manitoba-
Ontario boundary, R. D. Ussher saw six on June 11, 1927.

Our form is corax principalis.

Cochrane District, Moose Factory—Nested regularly in the tall trees of the deep
bush, according to S. Waller, who once kept a young one in captivity,
secured from brood of three in nest on June 4, 1925, at Hudson Bay Com-
pany’s logging camp twenty miles south of Moose Factory.

Kenora District, Big Pine lake—Adults were seen feeding young on nest on 150’
cliff on May 9 by J. McPhail, according to A. G. Lawrence.

Nipissing District, Hogan lake, Algonquin Park—Formerly nested, according to
M. Robinson.

115. AMERICAN CROW _ corvus BRACHYRHYNCHOS

The Crow is one of the commonest and most conspicuous summer
resident birds of Ontario, ranging north (rarely) to Hudson bay”, 19°.

It is known to breed north to southern Kenora District?® and Lake
Nipigon!® and as it also breeds at Churchill, Manitoba’, there is every
likelihood that it nests throughout the province. D.R. Derry found it
to be common during the summer of 1930 along the Manitoba boundary
between Lat. 53°-54° N. and at. Lat. 52° N. R. D. Ussher saw a nest
with four eggs at Family lakes, Man. on June 9, 1927.

Our crows are brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Adults were seen feeding young on July 11,
1935, by’ GC. HD. Clarke:

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 221

Frontenac County—Set of six eggs taken at Kingston on May 6, 1897, by E.

Beaupre is in R.O.M.Z. as well as a set of four eggs taken at Wolfe island on

June 6, 1897, by C. M. Clarke.

| Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of five eggs, taken on April 21,

| 1935, is in the collection of S. C. Downing.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Bred abun-
dantly in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Lincoln County—Nest with four young was found at St. Catharines on May 19,
1935, by G. J. Clout, who also found a nest with four eggs on April 18, 1936,
at Decew falls, and a nest with four eggs at St. Catharines on June 20, 1936.

Northumberland County, near Trenton—Set of four eggs taken on April 10,

1921, by W. H. Lunn is in R.O.M.Z.

Prescott County, Hawkesbury—Egg in collection of R. Kirby, was examined by

S. C. Downing.

| Sudbury District, Chapleau—Two young, in R.O.M.Z., just out of nest, were

taken by C. E. Hope on June 16, 1937.

| Thunder Bay District, Rossport—Young bird, taken from nest on May 26, 1936,
by S. C. Downing, is in R.O.M.Z.

York County—Nest with five eggs was seen at Islington by J. L. Baillie on May
12, 1938. At Toronto, P. Harrington found a nest with four eggs on April 7,
1915, and W. P. Young took a set of four eggs on April 3, 1926.

116. BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE PENTHESTES ATRICAPILLUS

The Chickadee is a fairly common breeding species*! of Ontario, from
the southern border?’ north to Fort Albany®, !? on James bay and west to
Lake of the Woods and probably somewhat northward on the Manitoba
boundary, as D. R. Derry found it to be common during the summer of
1930 between Lat. 53° and 54° N.

In western Ontario, it is said to be represented by the long-tailed
race, atricapillus septentrionalis'®, but the form inhabiting most of the
province is atricapillus atricapillus.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Nest with young was found on June 6, 1902, by
E. Beaupre.

Kent County, Rondeau—P. Harrington found nest with four eggs on June 12,
1933.

Halton County, Twelve-mile creek—Nest with young was found on June 26,
1926, by T. F. MclIlwraith and J. L. Baillie.

Kenora District, Kenora—A nest with five young was found on June 25, 1931, by
L. Paterson, according to the Winnipeg ‘‘Tribune’’ oi September 12, 1931.

Norfolk County, Turkey Point—Nest with six eggs was seen by J. L. Baillie on
May 24, 1937.

Parry Sound District, Emsdale—Set of four eggs taken on May 28, 1893, by J.
H. Fleming, is in N.M.C.

Simcoe County—Set of eight eggs was taken on May 10, 1925 and a set of seven
eggs on May 9, 1915, by H. P. Bingham at Barrie. At Wasaga beach P.
Harrington found a nest with six eggs on June 18, 1920.

Sudbury District, Chapleau—Nest with six young (in R.O.M.Z.) and one egg
was found on June 14, 19387, by J. L. Baillie.

222 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Thunder Bay District—Pair was seen excavating on May 28, 1924 by R. D.
Ussher, in the Lake Nipigon region. At Port Arthur L. S. Dear saw a nest
with young on June 8, 1924. A brood of six young, in R.O.M.Z. was taken
from nest at Peninsula on June 20, 1936, by S. C. Downing.

York County, Toronto—Set of seven eggs was taken on May 17, 1929, by F. H.
Emery at High Park. Set of seven eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Black
creek on May 24, 1905, by L. B. Brown.

117. BROWN-HEADED CHICKADEE PENTHESTES HUDSONICUS

The Brown-headed Chickadee is*a not uncommon breeding resident
of northern Ontario!®? from about Lat. 46° N. north 4! to Hudson bay?;
Severn river (on Hudson bay)?> being its type locality. It occurs west
probably to Lake of the Woods (breeding’” in St. Louis County,
Minnesota, adjacent to Ontario).

This is the Hudsonian Chickadee of most authors, and the Ontario
form is considered to be hudsonicus hudsonicus.

Algoma District—At Saymo lake, Mississagi Forest reserve, nest with eggs was
found on July 3, 1928, by D. A. MacLulich. At Amyot, C. E. Hope took four
young (in R.O.M.Z.) from nest on July 1, 1936.

Cochrane District, Kapuskasing—Juvenile was collected between June 30 and
July 7, 1919, by P. A. Taverner and C. E. Johnson.

Kenora District, Wabigoon—Family was observed on July 1, 1937, by L. L.
Snyder.

Nipissing District, Algonquin ‘Park—Juvenile collected on July 22, 1933, by
C. H. D. Clarke at Biggar lake is in R.O.M.Z. At Brule lake, Clarke found
a nest with young on August 3, 1934.

Sudbury District, Biscotasing—Young, just out of nest, in R.O.M.Z., was col-
lected by J. L. Baillie on June 28, 1937.

Thunder Bay District, Peninsula—Two sets of six eggs were taken on June 12,
1936, (by P. Harrington) and June 13, 1936, (by C. E. Hope). The latter
set is in R.O.M.Z.

118. WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH - SITTA CAROLINENSIS

The White-breasted Nuthatch is a fairly common summer resident of
Ontario, occurring north at least to Temagami® and Sudbury”.
Thompson“ gives a record for Kenora, in the Lake of the Woods region.
It is much more common in the southern parts of its range, reaching its
northern breeding limit, so far as we are aware, in Parry Sound District®®
and at Ottawa”.

Our form is carolinensis carolinensis.

Brant County, Brantford—Set of six eggs is in collection of E. Dixon.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Nest with young (few days old) was found on
May 12, 1905, by E. Beaupre.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Nest has been found by G. J. Clout.

ot tof

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 223

Middlesex County, London—Set of eight eggs was taken by W. E. Saunders on
April 30, 1902.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Parry Sound District, Emsdale—Set of six eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on May
24, 1894, by J. H. Fleming.

Simcoe County, Barrie—Set of eight eggs was taken on May 9, 1915, by H. P.
Bingham.

Welland County, Sherkston—Set of seven eggs taken!” on May 10, 1896, by E.
Reinecke is in N.M.C.

York County—Set of seven eggs was taken on May 25, 1933, by J. L. Baillie at
Humber river, Toronto. At King, R. D. Ussher found a nest with young on
May 30, 1935, which was vacated on June 9.

119. RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH § sITTA CANADENSIS

This small nuthatch may be considered a fairly common summer
resident of nearly the whole of Ontario, and certainly from Wellington!™,
Peel and Renfrew Counties to southern Kenora District and Moose
Factory”. There are instances" of its breeding in St. Lawrence County,
New York, adjacent to Ontario. It breeds throughout its range.

Algoma District, Amyot—J. L. Baillie saw parent feeding young on June 27, 1936.

Grey County, Blantyr—Nest was found once in a swamp by C. W. Nash.

Hastings County, Bird creek—Family was seen June 21-24, 1935, by R.O.M.Z.
field party, L. L. Snyder and T. M. Shortt.

Kenora District, Rat portage (now Kenora)—Set of six eggs was taken!” on
May 25, 1908, by W. E. Saunders.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay, who has found
its nest.

Nipissing District, Brule lake, Algonquin Park—Adults were seen feeding young
on July 17, 1934, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Peel County, Erindale—Brood of four young, just out of the nest? was found
by H. R. Ivor in July, 1933.

Simcoe County, Wasaga beach—Brood of four young (just hatched) was found
in nest on June 15, 1928, by P. Harrington.

Thunder Bay District—Set of six eggs was taken from a bird-box at Sibley on
June 1, 1933, by L. S. Dear; we saw young birds being fed in the nest at
Whitefish lake on June 7, 1935.

120. BROWN CREEPER CERTHIA FAMILIARIS

This inconspicuous bird breeds sparingly from Middlesex” and
Welland” Counties north to the transcontinental line of the (C.N.R.)
and westward to Lake of the Woods!”.

Our form is familiaris americana.

Cochrane District, near Kapuskasing—Adult with one young was seen on July
10, 1925, by R. D. Ussher, at Banks lake, Fenton township.

Kenora District, Pistol lake, Minaki—Five young, just out of the nest, were seen
with parents in July, 1931, by L. T. S. Norris-Elye and B. W. Cartwright.

224 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Muskoka District—Young bird taken at Port Sydney on June 21, 1897, by A.
Kay is in R.O.M.Z. A set of four eggs in N.M.C. was taken at Gravenhurst
on June 24, 1889.

Ontario County, Thorah island, Lake Simcoe—Sets of eggs have been found by
J. A. Edwards.

Simcoe County, Barrie—Set of six eggs was taken by H. P. Bingham on May
23, 1915.

Thunder Bay District—Nest with young was found on July 15, 1929, by L. S.
Dear at Port Arthur. R. D. Ussher found a nest with five eggs on June 4,
1924, on Sturgeon river, south of Turkey lake, near Lake Nipigon. At
Peninsula, P. Harrington collected a nest with five eggs on June 13, 1936.

121. HOUSE WREN _ TROGLODYTES AEDON

The House Wren is a common breeding summer resident of Ontario
(rather sparingly in the north) from the southern border at least to
Lake Abitibi*®! and west to Lake of the Woods!”*.

In north-western Ontario the breeding race is probably aedon park-
mani'®, but the form inhabiting most of Ontario is considered to be
aedon aedon.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Nest with young was seen on July 12, 1935,
by ©. H. D. Clarke.

Frontenac County—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Portsmouth on
June 12, 1898, by E. Beaupre and a nest with seven eggs in R.O.M.Z. was
taken at Arden by R. V. Lindsay on July 7, 1926.

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of five eggs, in collection of S. C.
Downing, was taken on July 21, 1935.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay?® 1%, Lake of the Woods—Not
plentiful breeder in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Kent County, Rondeau—Nest with seven eggs was found by us on June 7, 1933.

Parry Sound District—Was seen feeding young in nest on July 18, 1933, by
H. K. Gordon, at Point au Baril. At Pickerel lake, near Burk’s Falls, J. L.
Baillie found a nest with five eggs on July 18, 1936.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Seven young, in R.O.M.Z., were taken from nest
by J. L. Baillie on July 26, 1937.

Temiskaming District, Uno Park—Raised two broods in bird-boxes, according to
Mrs. J. T. Welbourn.

Thunder Bay District—Old nest was seen by us on June 3, 1935, at Silver moun-
tain; L. S. Dear took a nest with six eggs at Port Arthur on July 22, 1922.

York County—At Pottageville a nest was found by R. D. Ussher on May 24,
1935, with one egg. It contained four eggs on June 2. A set of three eggs in
R.O.M.Z. was taken at Centre island on July 8, 1906, by L. B. Brown.

122. WINTER WREN NANNUS HIEMALIS

This dweller of the deep woods and swamps is found in small numbers
from Middlesex”? and Leeds Counties north to Moose Factory” and
west to Manitoba.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 225

It probably nests throughout its range!’ as it is known to nest north
and west to Lac Seul and the Minnesota boundary!”* and it was noted
(not very commonly) by D. R. Derry during the summer of 1930 on
the Manitoba Ontario boundary between Lat. 538° and 54° N.

Our form is hiemalis hiemalis.

Algoma District, Kindiogami lake, Township 3B or 3C, Mississagi Forest reserve
—Nest with five eggs was found on July 12, 1923, by R. D. Ussher.

Frontenac County, Mountain Grove—Young were seen being fed by parents on
July 8, 1926, by R. V. Lindsay.

Kenora District, Lac Seul—Young bird taken on July 30, 1919, by D. Blakely is
in N.M.C.

Middlesex County, Komoka—Young bird was taken by W. E. Saunders on
August 23, 1888.

Nipissing District, Algonquin Park, Biggar lake—Young were seen on August 8,
1932, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—Young were seen being fed
by parents on June 19, 1933, according to C. H. D. Clarke.

Simcoe County, Cranberry lake—Young bird was taken from brood by us on
June 5, 1929.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of six eggs was taken on June 1, 1933,
by LS: Dear.

Waterloo County, near Waterloo—On June 28, 1936, R. C. Brooman found a
group of young, scarcely able to fly.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Young just out of the nest were found on June 11,
1933, by F. Starr.

123. CAROLINA WREN_ THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS

The Carolina Wren is an irregular and uncommon resident of the
more southern parts of the province, north to Lambton County” and east
to Victoria County (one in R.O.M.Z. taken at Woodville on October 29,
1930, by F. Starr), and Northumberland County (one seen at Brighton
by C. J. Young on October 2, 1918). Actual breeding records are known
only from Essex (two juveniles collected!® on September 6, 1905) and
York Counties” (nest with two eggs and two young found on May 18,
1930) but the species may breed anywhere within its range.

Ontario Carolina Wrens are referred to ludovicianus ludovicianus.

Essex County, Pelee island—New nest was found by us on June 4, 1933, and we
were informed that a pair raised a brood in a barn there in 1932.

124. LONG-BILLED MARSH WREN _ TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS

This is a common breeder in the cat-tail marshes of southern
Ontario™! north to Simcoe, Peterboro and Renfrew Counties”, 73 and
also at Lake of the Woods??, 19°. In eastern Ontario the most northern

= a esl

226 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROoyAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

summer occurrence of which we are aware is near Callander, where it
was seen on June 8, 1924 by W. E. Ricker.

The form occurring in this province is recognized as the Prairie
Marsh Wren, palustris dissaeptus.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of seven eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June
6, 1900, and second set of four eggs on June 20, 1898, by E. Beaupre.

Huron County, Brussels—Nest has been found by C. H. D. Clarke.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Nested abun- ry
dantly in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Kent County, Rondeau—Set of six eggs taken on June 9, 1914, by A. A. Wood
is in R.O.M.Z.

Lincoln County—Set of six eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Grimsby on June 10,
1889, by J. L. Jackson. G. J. Clout discovered a nest with three eggs at
Niagara-on-the-lake on July 11, 1936.

Ontario County, Simcoe Point, Pickering—Nest with six eggs was found on
June 3, 1935, by R. A. Smith.

Peterborough County, Lakefield—Nest was found on July 7, 1923, by J. L.
Baillie.

Simcoe County—At Otter lake, O. E. Devitt and R. A. Smith found a set of six
eggs on June 19, 1935. H. P. Bingham took a set of five eggs at Little lake
on August 15, 1915.

Victoria County—Nest (in R.O.M.Z.) with two deserted eggs was found at
Downeyville on October 12, 1931, by H. H. Southam. At Bobcaygeon a
nest with one egg was found on June 4, 1932, by F. Starr and P. Harrington.

York County, Toronto—Set of five eggs was taken by P. Harrington on May 27,
1922, and set of six eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on July 1, 1892, by J. L.
Jackson. Set of eight eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Ashbridge’s bay on
June 11, 1904, by L. B. Brown.

125. SHORT-BILLED MARSH WREN CISTOTHORUS STELLARIS

This wren is locally distributed in Ontario from the southern
border™!, 4 north to Kenora?%, 176, 19°, and southern Sudbury Districts
and Carleton County”. It is fairly common but irregular, breeding
throughout its range.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Bred plentifully
in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Norfolk County, Turkey Point—Nest with six young was found on August 28,
1936, by S. L. Thompson. :

Northumberland County, Colborne—Nest was found in July, 1935, by W. H.
Lunn.

Ontario County—At Simcoe Point, Pickering, a nest with seven young was found
on June 30, 1935, by O. E. Devitt, the nest and two of the young are in
R.O.M.Z., taken on July 5. W. H. Lunn saw a pair with six nearly grown
young on July 23, 1936, at Blackwater Junction.

Simcoe County—Set of eight eggs was taken at Cranberry lake on June 12, 1929,
by P. Harrington; at Marl lake O. E. Devitt took a set of seven eggs on
July 15, 1934, which is in R.O.M.Z.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 227

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Dummy nest was found on July 19, 1937, by C. E.
Hope.

Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—Set of seven eggs was taken on June 16,
1929, by L. S. Dear.

Victoria County—Set of eight eggs was taken at Woodville on June 11, 1930, by
F. Starr. P. Harrington took a set of five eggs at Fenelon Falls on June 5,
1931.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—Several young were seen on July 5, 1934, by
G. North.

York County, Holland river marsh—Nests with four young and five eggs were
found on July 18, 1987, by D. Ross and F. Barratt, respectively. The latter
nest, with three eggs, is in R.O.M.Z. .

126. MOCKINGBIRD MIMUS POLYGLOTTOS

This bird is very rare and except for an accidental record at Moose
Factory” (June 4, 1928) is found only in extreme southern Ontario”
north and east to Middlesex”? and Durham Counties”, 2°.

It has been found breeding on but four occasions, three in Essex??
and the other in Haldimand County.

Our race is the eastern Mockingbird, polvglottos polyglottos.

Essex County, Point Pelee—A. Gardner reported a pair nesting in 1909, according
to the journals of W. E. Saunders,

Haldimand County, Nanticoke—Pair nested 8 feet up in a large thorn tree in
1924, according to C. D. Wedrick. The nest contained five eggs when found
but only three young were reared.

127. CATBIRD DUMETELLA CAROLINENSIS

The Catbird is a common summer resident of Ontario north to
southern Kenora’? and Sudbury District, breeding throughout its range.
There is a specimen from Temagami (Nipissing District) in R.O.M.Z.
taken on September 8, 1934, by A. F. Coventry.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Nest and set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. were taken
on July 6, 1920, by L. L. Snyder.

Frontenac County—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Portsmouth on
May 17, 1895, by E. Beaupre, and set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken
by E. Beaupre at Wolfe island on June 8, 1900.

Kenora District, Kenora—Nest with four eggs was found on July 20, 1932, by
L. Paterson.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—G. J. Clout found a nest with four eggs on June
2, 1934.

Northumberland County, near Trenton—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was
taken on June 15, 1921, by W. H. Lunn.

Peel County, Erindale—Nest with four eggs was found on June 8, 1935, by O. E.
Devitt and nest with young was seen by J. L. Baillie on June 27, 1934.

228 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Simcoe County—Nest with four eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) was taken at Little lake on
May 28, 1919, by H. P. Bingham, and P. Harrington secured a set of four
eggs on July 27, 1915, at Wasaga beach.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Nest with four young was found by F. Starr on
June 24, 1914, and C. E. Hope collected young, out of the nest, on July 16,
1937, for R.O.M.Z.

Wellington County, Guelph Junction—W. E. Saunders has a set of five eggs taken
on June 5, 1912.

York County, Toronto—Nest and four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on May 21,
1905, by L. B. Brown and nest with four eggs was found on June 25, 1934,
at Mount Dennis by C. E. Hope, who also found a nest with young just
hatching there on August 12, 1934.

128. BROWN THRASHER TOXOSTOMA RUFUM

The summer distribution of the Brown Thrasher in Ontario lies
almost entirely south of the latitude of Lake Nipissing’, ”? and Ottawa.
It is a fairly common species and breeds. Langille!’’ has recorded that it
was very common on Manitoulin island (northern Lake Huron) in June,
1881, but we are aware of no definite nesting record for that district, and
the same may be said for Cabot’s observation® of the species at Pic,
Thunder Bay District, in the summer of 1848, although it is numerous
in sections of the south shore of Lake Superior*’, in Michigan, according
to Barrows. The species was noted several times in early June, 1936, at
Washagami, Sudbury District, by J. B. Walty.

Carleton County, Mer Bleue—Set of four eggs in N.M.C. was taken on June 5,
1932, by C. E. Johnson.

Essex County—Set of three eggs was taken on July 19, 1920, by L. L. Snyder at
Point Pelee; we saw a nest with young at Scudder, Pelee island, on June 5,
1933. On May 18, 1918, W. E. Saunders found a nest with four eggs, plus
Cowbird’s egg, at Point Pelee.

Frontenac County—Set of five eggs (three in R.O.M.Z.) was taken at Kingston
on May 15, 1900, by E. Beaupre. At Arden, R. V. Lindsay found a nest with
four eggs on July 8, 1926.

Lambton County, Port Franks—Nest with four eggs was found on May 27,
1928, by G. W. Knechtel.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Nest with three eggs was found by G. J. Clout
on June 10, 1934.

Muskoka District—Nest with two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by A. Kay at
Port Sydney. At Robinsdale, A. W. Needler photographed a nest with four
eggs on June 12, 1923.

Parry Sound District—At Katrine, nest with three eggs was found in 1929, by
R. J. Rutter. Two adults with young were seen at Frank’s bay, Lake
Nipissing, on July 23, 1984, by D. A. MacLulich.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Young, just out of nest, in R.O.M.Z., were secured
by C. E. Hope on July 17, 1987.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—A nest with four eggs was found in May, 1936,
by P. Henderson.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 229

York County—Set of five eggs was secured at Toronto on May 15, 1914, by P.
Harrington, and a set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Scarboro
junction on June 21, 1887, by J. L. Jackson.

129. AMERICAN ROBIN TURDUS MIGRATORIUS

The Robin is one of the commonest and most widely-distributed of
Ontario birds, nesting everywhere throughout the province?, ° north at
least to Moose Factory at the south end of James bay and Severn river!*,

on the south shore of Hudson’s bay. It was found uncommonly during

the summer of 1930 along the Manitoba boundary (between Lat. 53°-54°
N. by D. R. Derry) which probably marks its western breeding limit in
the province.

It is most common near habitations and is therefore comparatively
scarce in large areas of northern Ontario.

Our form is the eastern Robin, mzgratorius migratorius.

Algoma District, Amyot—Nest with four eggs, taken on June 23, 1936, by S. C.
Downing, is in R.O.M.Z.

Cochrane District—At Moose Factory a nest with four eggs was found by S.
Waller on June 25, 1930. R. V. Whelan found a nest with three eggs on
June 13, 1986, at Smoky Falls, north of Kapuskasing.

Durham County, Hampton—Set of five eggs was found on August 7, 1930, by
A. E. Allin.

Essex County—Nest with three eggs was found by us at Pelee island on June 5,
1933. A set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Point Pelee by L. L.
Snyder on July 3, 1920.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of four eggs taken on April 28, 1897, by C. K.
Clarke is in R.O.M.Z.

Grey County, Meaford—Nest with eggs was found on April 19, 1936, by L. H.
Beamer.

Kenora District, Kenora—A nest with four eggs was found on June 18, 1930, by
L. Paterson, according to B. W. Cartwright.

Simcoe County—At Barrie H. P. Bingham took a set of four eggs (in R.O.M.Z.)
on May 5, 1920, and at Wasaga beach P. Harrington found a nest with
three eggs on July 27, 1914. At Minesing, J. L. Baillie found a Cowbird’s
egg in the nest of this species on May 21, 1932.

Thunder Bay District—Nest with five eggs was found by us on May 381, 1935,
at Whitefish lake; L. S. Dear took a set of four eggs at Port Arthur on May
23, 1924. :

York County—At Toronto, nest with four eggs was found in Don valley on
April 21, 1929, by N. Smith, nest with five eggs at Laing street on April 24,
1933, by H. H. Southam, nest with three eggs on June 18, 1891, by J. L.
Jackson, and nest with young on August 12, 1937, by J. L. Baillie. At King,
R. D. Ussher found a nest with one egg on July 25, 1935.

130. WOOD THRUSH HYLOCICHLA MUSTELINA

This thrush cannot be considered a common summer resident of
Ontario, excepting in the extreme south-western peninsula.

€

230 TRANSACTIONS OF THE RoyAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Elsewhere in this province it is found in small numbers, breeding
from Lakes Erie and Ontario north to Parry Sound District®® and
Ottawa!, There is a record of its occurrence at Sault Ste. Marie® and
Rev. J. H. Langille considered them to be common"? in June, 1881, at
the LaCloche mountains, Manitoulin District, but breeding evidence is
not at hand for either of these localities. It occurs occasionally in summer
at Frank’s Bay, Lake Nipissing, Parry Sound District, according to
C. H. D. Clarke, and there is a specimen in R.O.M.Z. taken on June 30,
1935, at Eau Claire, Nipissing District.

Frontenac County, Kingston—E. Beaupre found sets of four eggs on May 25,
1904, and June 11, 1905.

Grey County, Craigleith—Set of five eggs was taken by us on June 9, 1928.

Kent County, Rondeau—Set of three eggs was taken by us on June 13, 1933.

Middlesex County, Coldstream—There is a set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. taken
by A. A. Wood on June 10, 1917.

Muskoka District, near Fox Point, Lake of Bays—A family group was seen by
T. F. MclIlwraith in early August, 1932.

Nipissing District, Brule lake, Algonquin Park—Adults were seen feeding young
on July 4, 1934, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Perth County, Listowel—A set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on May 20,
1902, by A. A. Perrin.

Simcoe County—H. B. Haugh took a nest and four eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) at Barrie
on June 14, 1918, and P. Harrington took a set of two eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) at
Wasaga beach on July 23, 1914.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—Parent was seen on four eggs on May 28, 1933,
by D. Hassell and B. Ronald.

York County, Wychwood Park, Toronto—Small young were seen by Margaret H.
Mitchell in the summer of 1933, and J. A. Edwards examined a nest with
three eggs at the same place on June 18, 1909.

131.) HERMIT THRUSH “AvLocicHi a curaArA

The Hermit Thrush is a fairly common summer resident of the
central and more unsettled parts of the province, from Halton” and
Leeds” Counties to the transcontinental line of the Canadian National
Railway8, 29,*! and probably north to James bay (two specimens in
R.O.M.Z. taken at Moose Factory on May 17, 1930, by S. Waller).

It is known to breed from Halton and Leeds Counties, north and
west to Lake of the Woods!”, Thunder Bay and Algoma Districts, and it
probably nests throughout its summer range.

Our form is the Eastern Hermit Thrush, guttata faxonz.

Algoma District, Township 4A, Mississagi Forest reserve—Nest with four eggs
was found on June 11, 19238, by R. D. Ussher.

Hastings County—Set of three eggs taken on May 26, 1926, by E. Beaupre at
Madoc is in R.O.M.Z., as are also nest and three eggs taken at Bird creek
on June 23, 1935, by L. L. Snyder.

$a

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 231

Kenora District, Pistol-Worth lakes portage, near Minaki—Nest with four eggs
was found on July 1, 1931, by R. Norris-Elye, according to B. W. Cartwright.

Leeds County, Junetown—Nest with three eggs was found by E. Beaupre on
June 11, 1901. The eggs are in R.O.M.Z.

Muskoka District, Torrance—J. M. Speirs saw a nest on July 15, 1937, containing
two eggs.

Parry Sound District—Nest with three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found on May 31,
1933, by C. H. D. Clarke at Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing. A set of four eggs
in R.O.M.Z. was collected by J. H. Fleming at Emsdale on May 17, 1897.

Renfrew County, Petawawa—Nest with two young and one imbedded Cowbird’s
egg was found on June 1, 1916, by P. Harrington.

Sudbury District, Cartier—F. Starr found a nest with eggs on May 24, 1936.

Temiskaming District, North Cobalt—Set of four eggs was taken on May 21,
1919, by J. A. Edwards.

Thunder Bay District—At Port Arthur, a set of four eggs was taken on June 3,
1923, by L. S. Dear. J. L. Baillie collected a nest with three young at
Peninsula on June 18, 1936, now in R.O.M.Z.

fa. OLIVE-BACKED, THRUSH .HVLOCICHLA USTULATA

The Olive-backed Thrush is of more northern distribution than the
Hermit Thrush, occurring commonly in summer from southern Georgian
bay and northern Hastings County to the southern edge of James bay.
It breeds throughout its range, west to southern Kenora District and
undoubtedly to Lake of the Woods?®, 17° where it was found during the
summer of 1920 on the Ontario side of Indian Bay, according to letter
from W. Rowan. Also, it was a fairly common resident during the
summer of 1930, according to D. R. Derry, along the Manitoba-Ontario
boundary between Lat. 53°-54° N., and R. D. Ussher found a nest with
three young on July 2, 1927, at Fishing lake, Manitoba, at Lat. 52° N. on

the same boundary.
The race of eastern North America is ustulata swainsont.

Algoma District—Nest with two eggs was found at Franz on June 24, 1924, by
M. M. Green. R. D. Ussher found a nest with three eggs on June 21, 1923,
at Mississagi Forest reserve, between Green lake and Abinette river, town-
ships 4B and 4A. At Amyot, C. E. Hope took a nest with one egg and three
young on July 2, 1936, now in R.O.M.Z.

Cochrane District—A nest with three eggs was taken on June 27, 1980, at Moose
Factory by S. Waller (in R.O.M.Z.), E. Dixon has eggs secured at Lake
Abitibi by A. V. Dukes and P. A. Taverner and C. E. Johnson secured a
juvenile in the summer of 1919 at Kapuskasing.

Haliburton District, Haliburton—P. Harrington has a set of three eggs taken on
June 15, 1918.

Hastings County, Bird creek—Nest with three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found on
June 22, 1935, by C. E. Hope.

Kenora District, Wabigoon—Nest with four eggs was found by T. M. Shortt on
June 21, 1937.

232 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Manitoulin District, McGregor bay—Set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken
on June 11, 1921, by B. A. Bensley.

Muskoka District—At Robinsdale, a nest with two eggs was found on June 10,
1923, by A. W. Needler, and at Lake Joseph, R. D. Ussher saw young leaving
nest on July 21, 1922.

Nipissing District—Nest with eggs was found on June 19, 1928, by A. F. Coventry
at Temagami. At Eau Claire, C. E. Hope took a nest with three young (in
R.O.M.Z.) on July 1, 1935.

Sudbury District, Chapleau—Nest and four eggs, in R.O.M.Z., were taken by
C. E. Hope on June 8, 1937.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on June 13,
1931, by L. S. Dear.

133. WILSON’S THRUSH _ HYLOCICHLA FUSCESCENS

In summer, the Wilson’s Thrush inhabits Ontario from the southern
border north at least to southern Sudbury District®, * and Ottawa”,
breeding throughout its range. It breeds in fair numbers also in southern
Thunder Bay and southern Kenora Districts’®. It is a common species,
especially in the southern parts of its range, and probably extends some-
what farther north than the actual nesting records indicate. In this con-
nection, it is of interest to note that C. H. D. Clarke observed the species
during the summer of 1935 at Goulais bay, on the east shore of Lake
Superior, and J. B. Walty noted its presence in June, 1936 at Washagami,
Sudbury District.

The form occupying extreme western Ontario (southern Kenora and
Rainy River Districts) may be fuscescens salicicola, although Taverner
states that fuscescens fuscescens ‘‘extends west probably to near the
Manitoba border and perhaps across it.’’ This is the Veery of most
authors, the race occupying most if not all of Ontario being fuscescens
fuscescens.

Carleton County, Billings’ bridge—Set of five eggs, plus egg of Cowbird, in
N.M.C. were taken by C. E. Johnson on June 5, 1916.

Frontenac County—Set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Kingston on
May 8, 1897, by C. K. Clarke; set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found at
Sharbot lake on June 6, 1905, by E. Beaupre.

Grey County, Craigleith—Nest with two eggs was found by us on June 9, 1928.

Haliburton District, Dysart township—A nest with three eggs was found on
July 2, 1935, and a nest with four eggs on June 6, 19386, by E. W. Calvert.

’ Kenora District, Kenora!®°—Nest with four eggs was found on July 1, 1931, by
L. Paterson, according to the ‘‘Winnipeg Tribune” of September 12, 1931.

Nipissing District, Eau Claire—Nest and three eggs in R.O.M.Z. were taken on
July 1, 1935, by T. M. Shortt.

Simcoe County—Set of four eggs was taken at Minesing by us on June 4, 1929,
and a nest with three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Little lake on July 3,
1918, by H. B. Haugh.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BrirDS IN ONTARIO 254

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Young, in R.O.M.Z., was taken on July 15, 1937,
by J. L. Baillie.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was found on July 1, 1924,
by L. S. Dear.

York County, Toronto—P. Harrington found nest with two eggs plus cowbird
egg (in R.O.M.Z.) at Toronto on May 17, 1922, and a set of three eggs in
R.O.M.Z. was secured on June 25, 1892, by J. L. Jackson. At Armour
heights, C. E. Hope took a nest with three eggs plus four Cowbird’s eggs
(in R.O.M.Z.) on June 1, 1982.

134. RED-BREASTED BLUEBIRD SIALIA SIALIs

The Bluebird is a fairly common summer resident of southern settled
Ontario, breeding north at least from the southern border to the trans-
continental line of the Canadian National Railway*! west to southern
Kenora District.

There are summer occurrences north to Moose Factory”, but it is
comparatively rare everywhere north of Lake Nipissing.

Our form is sialis sialis.

Frontenac County, Portsmouth—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was found on
May 14, 1902, by E. Beaupre.

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of five eggs was taken on July
10, 1935, according to R. Smyth.

Kenora District, Wabigoon—Nest was found by T. M. Shortt on June 18, 1987.

Lincoln County—At Rosedene a nest with five eggs was found on May 7, 19338,
by G. J. Clout and at Beamsville a nest with five eggs was found on May 5,
1918, by H. M. Laing, according to the ‘‘Globe’”’ May 18, 1920.

Muskoka District—Set of five eggs was photographed at Robinsdale on June 7,
1923, by A. W. Needler. Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on July
15, 1919, by L. L. Snyder at Port Sydney.

Northumberland County, Wooler—Nest with four eggs was found by R. V.
Lindsay on July 26, 1925.

Simcoe County—Nest with four eggs was found on May 5, 1915, at Barrie by
H. P. Bingham. At Wasaga beach, a set of three eggs was taken on June
21, 1924, by P. Harrington.

Sudbury District, Chapleau—Nest with five eggs was found by P. Harrington
on June 16, 1937.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Nest with five eggs was found on June 24,
1928, by L. S. Dear and nest with young on June 1, 1928, by the same ob-
server.

York County—Nest with five eggs was found at Toronto on April 17, 1915, by
P. Harrington and nest with young at Pottageville on August 11, 1928, by
J. L. Baillie.

1385. BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER POLIOPTILA CAERULEA

This is a very rare breeding summer resident of extreme southern
Ontario, south of Middlesex and Durham Counties. The most northern

234 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

records of its occurrence are Sault Ste. Marie*’, Algoma District, Goderich,
Huron County (one seen on May 18, 1929, by C. H. D. Clarke), Sarnia,
Lambton County (one in R.O.M.Z. taken on June 25, 1900, by John
Boyd) and it has been known to occur’? at Mackinac island, between
northern Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, Michigan.

Formerly it was not uncommon” in certain of the extreme south-
western counties, and at a wood near London W. E. Saunders once
found three nests in a single morning.

Our form is caerulea caerulea.

Durham County, Bowmanville—Nest was found in crotch of an apple tree on
May 24, 1932, by J. H. Jennings. A brood was subsequently raised.

Elgin County, Aylmer—Nest with three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on May
14, 1897, by R. T. Anderson.

Middlesex County, London—W. E. Saunders found his first nest about 1874.

Waterloo County, Galt—A nest with young (parents feeding) was found on
June 27, 1934, by G. W. Knechtel.

136. GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET REGULUS SATRAPA

This kinglet is apparently an uncommon summer resident of Ontario,
from the southern border” north at least to the transcontinental line of
the C.N.R.*! and west to Thunder Bay District (and probably Lake of
the Woods'”*) breeding throughout its range. |

It is probably much more common in summer than the few breeding
records would indicate and its nesting range more than likely includes
the whole of the province’.

The Ontario race is satrapa satrapa.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—C. H. D. Clarke saw adults feeding young on
July 18, 1935.

Frontenac County, northern part—Nest and seven eggs in N.M.C. were taken
on May 27, 1904, by C. J. Young.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay, who collected a
male on July 5, 1898.

Nipissing District, Brule lake, Algonquin Park—C. H. D. Clarke saw adults
feeding young on July 16, 1984.

Peel County, Credit Forks—Brood of young was found on July 2, 1933 by C.E.
Hope. One was secured.

Simcoe County, Wasaga beach—Nest in R.O.M.Z. was found by us on June 8,
1929.

Sudbury District, Biscotasing—Young, in R.O.M.Z., was collected by C. E.
Hope on June 30, 1937.

Thunder Bay District—Nest with young was found on July 2, 1926, by L. S.
Dear at Port Arthur. R. D. Ussher saw adults with young out of the nest
in July, 1924, in the vicinity of Lake Nipigon.

York County, King township—Nestling, in R.O.M.Z., was taken from brood of
five in nest on June 16, 1937, by R. D. Ussher.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 239

137. RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET CORTHYLIO CALENDULA

The Ruby-crowned Kinglet is apparently an uncommon summer
resident of the whole of Ontario®, 7°.

It probably breeds throughout Ontario, much more regularly and
commonly, however, north of Muskoka District!’. It was considered
common! at Moose Factory on James bay, on June 9, 1896, and R. D.
Ussher saw a pair feeding young on July 15, 1927, at Lat. 52° N. on the
Manitoba side of the Manitoba-Ontario boundary.

Our race is calendula calendula.

Cochrane District, Banks lake, Fenton township, near Kapuskasing—Pair was
seen feeding young out of the nest on July 13, 1925, by R. D. Ussher.

Kenora District, Kenora—Female was seen feeding five young just out of the
nest on July 18, 1932, by L. Paterson, according to B. W. Cartwright.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds rarely, according to A. Kay.

Parry Sound District, Sundridge— Young were seen in July, 1931, by J. M. Speirs.

Sudbury District—Nest with eight eggs was taken by P. Harrington on June 10,
1937, at Chapleau. At Biscotasing, C. E. Hope took four young, just out
of nest, for R.O.M.Z., on July 9, 1937.

Thunder Bay District—At Port Arthur, a nest (in R.O.M.Z.) with eight eggs was
found on June 3, 1934, by L. S. Dear. At Peninsula, a nest with nine eggs

- was secured on June 18, 1936, by P. Harrington.

138. CEDAR WAXWING _ BOMBYCILLA CEDRORUM

This is a common summer resident of Ontario, breeding north at
least to the south end of James bay”, !° and west to Lake of the Woods??
176 ~D. R. Derry saw them frequently during the summer of 1930 along
the Manitoba-Ontario boundary, between Lat. 53°-54° N.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Young were seen being fed by parents on
July 28, 19385, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Cochrane District—Juveniles were seen at Kapuskasing in August, 1928, by
W. J. Garnett and at Moose Factory a nest with seven eggs was found in
1929 by S. Waller.

Durham County, Hampton—Young were seen to leave nest on September 5,
1931, by A. E. Allin.

Elgin County, Port Burwell—Set of three eggs was taken on June 23, 1924, by
Keota rs

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of five eggs, plus Cowbird's egg,
were taken on July 14, 1935, according to R. Smith. |

Kenora District, Kenora—Breeds, according to Mrs. C. Ratchford, and L.
Paterson found a nest with two young there.

Renfrew County, Petawawa—Nest with four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 26, 1935, by C. E. Hope.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Set of five eggs was taken on June 29, 1914, by
F. Starr, and C. E. Hope secured a brood of five nestlings (in R.O.M.Z.) on
July 22, 1937.

236 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on August 2,
1922, by L. S. Dear, who also found a nest with four eggs on June 19, 1914.

York County—At Don river, a nest with young (one taken) was seen on Septem-
ber 13, 1936, by R. J. Rutter, and a nest with two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was
taken at Lambton on June 14, 1905, by L. B. Brown.

1389. COMMON SHRIKE LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS

In the cultivated areas of southern Ontario, north to Lake Nipissing
and Ottawa”, this shrike is a rather uncommon summer resident, breed-
ing wherever it occurs. One was seen at Mindemoya, Manitoulin
District, on August 6, 1984, by J. M. Speirs. Since it is known to occur
also in Manitoba’’, it may breed in the Lake of the Woods district of
extreme western Ontario.

This is the Migrant Shrike of most authors, and our form is ludo-
VICLANUS Migrans.

Frontenac County, Kingston—This is the type locality of this sub-species. Set
of seven eggs was found by E. Beaupre on April 238, 1898.

Grenville County, Algonquin—Set of six eggs, in R.O.M.Z., was taken on May
11, 1937, by S. C. Downing.

Grey County, Redwing—Nest with five small young was found on June 1, 1930,
by R. V. Lindsay.

Huron County, Brussels—Set of four eggs was found on April 26, 1924, by
Cea? Dy Claske: |

Lambton County, Sarnia—Young bird in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 25, 1900,
by J. Boyd.

Nipissing District, Rutherglen— Young was taken on July 2, 19385, by C. E. Hope.

Simcoe County—Nest with one egg was seen on April 28, 1935, at Bradford by
R. A. Smith. It contained five eggs on May 18. A set of four eggs in
R.O.M.Z. was taken at Barrie by H. P. Bingham on July 9, 1917. Brood of
four young, attended by parents, was seen by Rodger Standfield on August
15, 1936, at Martyr’s Shrine, near Midland.

Welland County, near Port Colborne—Set of six eggs was taken on May 15,
1925, by W. P. Young.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—On May 30, 1923, R. O. Merriman saw a nest
containing two large young and one egg.

York County, Toronto—Set of three eggs was taken on April 14, 1922, by P.
Harrington. Downy young was seen on Eglinton avenue on July 9, 1898,
by J. H. Samuel.

140. COMMON STARLING | sTuRNUS VULGARIS

Since the advent of the Starling in Ontario in 1919, it has become
one of our most common birds, nesting in suitable places everywhere
throughout southern Ontario north at least to southern Thunder Bay
District and Sudbury District.

North of that, it has been found at various localities as far as

;
'

TuHeE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 237

Kapuskasing!**, Moose Factory!® and York Factory’ (on Hudson
bay) and it will no doubt eventually be found breeding everywhere
throughout Ontario. The earliest known nesting record for this province
was at Burlington, in Halton County, in 1922!*, according to Isaac
Balmer.

Our form is vulgaris vulgaris.

Algoma District, Amyot—Four young, in R.O.M.Z., were taken from nest by
C. E. Hope on June 28, 1936.

Carleton County, Ellwood—Set of five eggs on exhibition in N.M.C. was taken
on June 6, 1931, by C. E. Johnson.

Essex County, Pelee island—Flying young were seen by us on June 5, 19383.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of seven eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
May 9, 1926, by E. Beaupre.

Northumberland County, Brighton—Nest with four eggs was found on July 2,
1935, by J. L. Baillie.

Ontario County, Glen Major—Set of six eggs was found on May 19, 19385, by
R. V. Lindsay and J. L. Baillie and on the same day a nest with four young
was found.

Sudbury District, Chapleau—Set of two eggs was found on June 16, 1937, by
J. L. Baillie.

Thunder Bay District, Rossport—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 4, 1936, by C. E. Hope.

Victoria County, Woodville—Nest was found in 1928 by F. Starr, and a nest
with seven eggs by P. Harrington on May 8, 1982.

York County, Toronto—Nest with three eggs was found at Grenadier pond on
April 21, 1929, by S. L. Thompson, N. Smith and J. L. Baillie. At Humber
river, R. A. Smith found a nest with five young on May 26, 1935.

141. YELLOW-THROATED VIREO VIREO FLAVIFRONS

The Yellow-throated Vireo is an uncommon summer resident of the
extreme southern parts of Ontario, breeding north and east to Peterboro
and Carleton Counties”, **. It has been observed north to Grey County
(one seen at Redwing on May 31, 1931 by R. V. Lindsay and F. H.
Emery), Muskoka District (one taken at Beaumaris*?), Parry Sound
District (one seen in August, 1903 in Hardy or Patterson townships by
E. H. Eaton) and Lake Nipissing (one seen at North Bay on June 3,
1924 by W. E. Ricker). Its summer occurrence in the Lake of the
Woods region is attested by L. Paterson, who has observed it at Kenora
on July 20, 1932. Also, there appears to be a record” for Sault Ste.
Marie, in southern Algoma District.

Brant County, near Glen Morris—Nest, in R.O.M.Z. was occupied in June,
1936, according to W. R. Watson.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Adult was seen carrying food on June 25, 1925,
by E. Beaupre.

238 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Halton County, Palermo—Nest with young was found about July 1, 1914, by
T. F. Mcllwraith.

Kent County, Fargo—Set of four eggs, taken on June 5, 1900, is in collection of
W. E. Saunders.

Norfolk County, Simcoe—Nests in the town park, according to J. W. Crow.

Peterborough County, five miles south of Peterborough—Pair was collected from
nest on May 24, 1934, by G. H. Richardson.

Waterloo County, Galt—Nest was found in 1934, by G. W. Knechtel.

Wellington County, Elora—Two eggs, in R.O.M.Z., were taken on June 28,
1898, by J. D. Jacob.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—Set of four eggs and nest were taken on May
24, 19380, by R. V. Lindsay. The nest is in R.O.M.Z.

142. SOLITARY VIREO VIREO SOLITARIUS

This Vireo is a rather uncommon summer inhabitant of central
Ontario, from Muskoka District and Algonquin Park”, to the trans-
continental line of the Canadian National Railway. It probably breeds
wherever it occurs in summer, although the only definite nesting records
are from Port Arthur, Amyot, Chapleau and Algonquin Park. There is
at least one summer occurrence for the Lake Erie shore (one seen at
Fisher’s Glen, Norfolk County, on July 12, 1927, by R. V. Lindsay) and a
nest with four eggs?°? was found in 1931 in Ashtabula County, Ohio, on
the south shore of Lake Erie, in addition to which there are nesting
records for St. Lawrence County, N.Y.2", adjacent to Ontario.

This is the Blue-headed Vireo of most authors, our form being
solitarius solitarius.

Algoma District, Amyot—Young bird, just out of the nest, was secured on
July 4, 1936, by C. E. Hope. It is now in R.O.M.Z.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds rarely, according to A. Kay.

Nipissing District, Biggar lake, Algonquin Park—Adult was seen with young on
July 25, 1933, by D. A. MacLulich.

Sudbury District, Chapleau—Nest with four eggs was taken on June 7, 1937, by
P. Harrington.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Nest with eggs was found in June, 1934,
and a nest with incubated eggs on June 18, 1936, by L. S. Dear.

148. RED-EYED VIREO VIREO OLIVACEUS

This is the most common of the vireos occurring in Ontario, breeding
everywhere from the southern border north to Lake of the Woods??,
Kapuskasing and Lake Abitibi’, *1.

North of this it is very common on the Mattagami® and Moose
rivers and probably breeds north at least to the southern end of James
bay.

Tue DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 239

Cochrane District, Idington township, near Kapuskasing—Nest taken in August,
1927, by C. L. W. Bailey is in R.O.M.Z. The two nestlings vacated the nest
about August 1.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June
10, 1903, by E. Beaupre.

Kenora District—Nested abundantly at Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the
Woods, in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan, and T. F. MclIlwraith
saw adult feeding large young bird at Hudson on September 4, 1931.

Lambton County, Forest—New nest was found on June 4, 1935, by C. E. Hope.

Muskoka District—Nest with four eggs was found on June 13, 1923, by A. W.
Needler at Robinsdale; at Torrance J. M. Speirs saw a nest with three young
on July 27, 1937.

Nipissing District, North Bay—On June 18, 1904, a nest with four eggs was
found by S. L. Thompson,

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—A nest with four eggs was
found on June 14, 1933, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Simcoe County—Set of three eggs was found on June 10, 1919, by P. Harrington
at Wasaga beach, and nest with three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by H. B.
Haugh on Little lake on July 17, 1918. At DeGrassi Point one was seen
feeding a young Cowbird on July 17, 1936, by E. M. Walker and E.R. Hunter,

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of three eggs was taken on July 1,
1924, by L. S. Dear.

York County, Toronto—A set of four eggs was taken at Humber river on May
31, 1920, by W. P. Young; a nest (vireo sitting) with six Cowbird’s eggs, was
found on June 24, 1921, by F. Starr. A nest with one egg in R.O.M.Z. was
taken at Islington on July 15, 1895, by Joseph Parke.

144, PHILADELPHIA VIREO VIREO PHILADELPHICUS

The nest of this vireo has not been found in Ontario. At various
localities and probably generally from the northern part of Lennox and
Addington County to Moose Factory”! and west to Lac Seul, Kenora
District (specimens in N.M.C. taken in the summer of 1919) it occurs
more or less commonly in summer, breeding without doubt wherever it
takes up its summer residence.

There is a paucity of actual breeding data but summer occurrences
are rather numerous and among these are records from Muskoka
District*t and Kapuskasing (July, 1919, specimens in N.M.C.). Other
than those given below, the only nesting record for the province, of which
we are aware, is from Lake Nipigon!%, where it was observed carrying
nesting material in the summer of 1924.

Lennox and Addington County, Buckshot lake—Brood of young was seen with
parents in late July, 1932, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—One was seen feeding a young Cowbird on July 18,
1937, by C. E. Hope, who also secured a young vireo of this species, accom-
panied by its parent, on July 27, 1937. All are in R.O.M.Z.

240 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

145. WARBLING VIREO VIREO GILvuUS

The Warbling Vireo is a well-distributed and not uncommon breeding
summer resident of southern Ontario, especially in urban centres, from
the southern border north*’, 4! at least to Parry Sound District, north
Frontenac County and Ottawa"™® and at Port Arthur. It breeds also
in the Lake of the Woods District?® of Manitoba, but not, so far as we
are aware, on the Ontario side, and its occasional occurrence on Lake
Nipissing at North Bay is attested by W. E. Ricker.

Our form is the Eastern Warbling Vireo, gilvus gilvus.

Durham County, Nestleton—Occupied nest was found by L. T. Owens in July,
1936.

Elgin County, Aylmer—Set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by R. T.
Anderson.

Frontenac County, Arden—Nest with two young was found on June 19, 1933,
by R. V. Lindsay.

Huron County, Brussels—Nest with eggs was found in June, 1923, by C. H. D.
Clarke.

Kent County, Fargo—A set of four eggs in collection of W. E. Saunders was
taken on June 14, 1901.

Leeds County, Athens—A nest with young was found in 1927, according to M.
W. Curtis.

Northumberland County, Warkworth—Nest was found on June 1, 1932, by
O. E. Kelly.

Simcoe County, Cookstown—Nest has been observed by M. W. Curtis.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Breeds commonly, according to L. S. Dear.

York County, Toronto—Nest with two eggs was found on June 9, 1936, by H. H.
Southam (nest in R.O.M.Z.); adults were seen feeding young on July 22,
1927, by R. J. Rutter.

146. BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER MNIOTILTA VARIA

This warbler, one of twenty-nine species known to nest within the
borders of Ontario, is a common summer resident of the province north
to Lake of the Woods’, !7° and the southern end of James bay"”®. It was
noted also at Oasis lake on the Manitoba-Ontario boundary between Lat.
53°-54° N. during the summer of 1930 by D. R. Derry.

It nests north from the southern border” to the transcontinental line
of the Canadian National Railway*! and probably throughout its range.

Carleton County, Ottawa—W. E. Saunders took a set of five eggs in June, in the
eighteen-eighties.

Frontenac County, Bedford township—Adults were seen with young on July
27, 1923, by E. Beaupre.

Kenora District—L. Paterson saw young being fed by parents at Kenora on
July 18, 1932, according to B. W. Cartwright, and W. Rowan informs us”, 19°
that it was a common nesting species in 1920 on the Ontario side of Indian
bay, Lake of the Woods.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 241

Muskoka District, Lake Joseph—Nest with five eggs was found by R. D. Ussher
on June 15, 1929.

Nipissing District—At Eau Claire, young were seen June 29-July 2, 1935, by
T. M. Shortt and one was seen feeding young at Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing,
on June 24, 1933, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Norfolk County, Fisher’s Glen—Found breeding in 1931 by H. Fulcher.

Simcoe County—H. P. Bingham took a set of four eggs on June 10, 1923, at
Barrie, and at Wasaga beach O. E. Devitt found a nest on June 24, 1934,
containing three eggs plus egg of Cowbird.

Sudbury District, Biscotasing—Juvenile, just out of nest, was observed by C. E.
Hope on June 30, 1937.

Victoria County—Nest with three eggs was found on May 25, 1930, by F. Starr,
who also saw a nest with young on July 21, 1925, and a nest with four eggs
on June 29, 1930, all at Bobcaygeon. At Woodville, F. Starr discovered a
nest with four eggs on July 12, 1930.

York County—One was seen feeding a young Cowbird at Mount Dennis on
July 1, 1928, by C. E. Hope and R. V. Lindsay, and at King R. D. Ussher
saw young attended by parents on July 15, 1934.

147. PROTHONOTARY WARBLER PROTONOTARIA CITREA

The only known nesting place of this southern warbler in Ontario is
Rondeau park? on Lake Erie. Three adults, however, were seen on
June 28, 1936, at Big creek, near Port Rowan, by G. W. North and G. W.
Knechtel. Aside from Rondeau park, it occurs only as a very rare visitor
south and west of York County?!*’. It is known to nest also near Medina,
N.Y.7!°, not far east of the Niagara river and consequently just beyond
our limits.

Kent County, Rondeau Park—Mrs. J. H. Smith found a brood of four young with
their parents in 1929 and on June 14, 1931, four nests were found by E.
Davis, F. H. Emery and E. M.S. Dale. (Dale’s and Davis’ contained four
young and those found by Emery held three eggs and a young Cowbird and
one egg and three young plus a young Cowbird). In June, 1933, upwards of
one hundred pairs were present in the park and we located at least six nests,
one of which was empty. The contents of the others were as follows: one on
the 2nd with seven Cowbird’s eggs, one on the 7th with six eggs, one on the
9th with five eggs, one on the 10th with three eggs in addition to seven
Cowbird’s eggs, and one on the 12th with four eggs. F. H. Emery and O. E.
Devitt found a nest with six eggs and a nest with well-developed young
in 1934.

148. GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER _ VERMIVORA CHRYSOPTERA

This southern warbler occurs in summer not uncommonly in certain
places in the south-western peninsula of Ontario, south of Middlesex and
Simcoe Counties (one seen at Collingwood on June 11, 1929, by P.
Harrington and F. Starr) and west of Durham County, where J. H.
Jennings saw one (at Bowmanville) on May 10, 1934.

242 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

It is known to breed only in Middlesex” and Norfolk Counties.

Norfolk County, Turkey Point—Nest (nearly completed) taken on May 21,
1933 by R. J. Rutter, is in R.O.M.Z.

149. TENNESSEE WARBLER VERMIVORA PEREGRINA
In summer this warbler occupies that section of the province north

OF LAG AT” NF.

It is fairly common, breeding throughout its range®, but the only
actual nesting records, other than those given below, are from Pic (seen
with young between July 11 and August 6, 1848, by J. E. Cabot* and
Fairloch (nest!*® with four eggs in R.O.M.Z. taken on July 21, 1924, by
J. L. Baillie) both in Thunder Bay District, and Michipicoten, Algoma
District”® (nest with two eggs found by George Barnston prior to 1874),
One was noted” on July 5, 1904, at East point, James bay, Ontario, by
Spreadborough, and P. A. Taverner and C. E. Johnson found it not
uncommonly at Kapuskasing, June 27 - July 7, 1919.

Kenora District, Lac Seul-—Young (just out of the nest) taken on July 10, 1919
by D. Blakely, is in N.M.C.

Sudbury District, Biscotasing—Young, in R.O.M.Z., was secured by C. E. Hope
on July 6, 1937.

Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—Nest with four eggs was taken on ie
8, 1935 by L. S. Dear; the nest is in R.O.M.Z.

150. NASHVILLE WARBLER VERMIVORA RUFICAPILLA

The Nashville Warbler is a common summer resident of Ontario,
north to the transcontinental line of the Canadian National Railway*!,
breeding throughout its range’®, 1°, ?? west to southern Kenora District.

Our form is ruficapilla ruficapilla.

Durham County, Hampton—Set of three eggs, plus egg of Cowbird, was taken
on May 24, 1980, by A. E. Allin.

Haliburton District, Hawk lake—Set of four eggs was taken by E. Dixon.

Hastings County, northern part—Set of five eggs was taken on May 30, 1928,
by E. Beaupre.

Kenora District, Wabigoon—Adult was seen feeding young, out of nest, on July 1,
1937, by T. M. Shortt.

Muskoka District—Near Fox point, Lake of Bays, families of adults with flying
young were seen by T. F. Mcllwraith in early August, 1932. Sets of three
and four eggs in R.O.M.Z. were taken by A. Kay at Port Sydney on June
11, 1900, and June 15, 1891, respectively.

Parry Sound District—At Katrine it breeds, according to R. J. Rutter, and it
was seen feeding young at Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing, on June 25, 19338,
byC.-H wD Clarke:

Renfrew County, Petawawa—Nest (collected) on June 26, 1935, by C. E. Hope,
contained three young birds. All are in R.O.M.Z.

——

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 243

Simcoe County, Orr lake—Set of three eggs plus two Cowbird’s eggs were found
by us on June 7, 1929.
Sudbury District, Chapleau—Nest with five eggs was found on June 14, 1937,

by P. Harrington.
Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—A nest (in R.O.M.Z.) with five eggs was
collected on June 10, 1985, by P. Harrington.

151. PARULA WARBLER COMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA

The nest of this species has not been reported from this province.
Summer records, however, indicate that it is found locally throughout
most of the eastern half of the province from Lake Erie?’ and north
Hastings County (male in R.O.M.Z. taken by C. E. Hope on June 22,
1935) north at least to Lake Abitibi*! and west probably to the west end
of Lake Superior (one noted by us in June, 1935, at Whitefish lake).

The only actual breeding record, of which we are aware, is recorded
below from Algonquin park, but a set of four eggs in the British
Museum?°?, supposed to be of this species, was taken at Buffalo, N.Y.,
on May 27.

Our form is the northern race, americana pusilla.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.
Nipissing District, Brule lake, Algonquin Park—Adults were seen feeding young
on July 9, 1934, by C. H. D. Clarke.

152. YELLOW WARBLER DENDROICA AESTIVA

This is a common and familiar warbler of Ontario, nesting north
from the southern border to Hudson’s bay®, °° and west to Lake of the
Woods, much more commonly in the southern half of the province.”

Ontario Yellow Warblers are considered to be aestiva aestiva.

Cochrane District, Banks lake, Fenton township, near Kapuskasing—Pair was
seen feeding young on July 12, 1925, by R. D. Ussher.

Essex County—Set of five eggs was found by us at Pelee island on June 5, 1933.
At Point Pelee, W. E. Saunders collected a set of five eggs on June 2, 1913.

Kenora District, Kenora—L. Paterson found a nest with three eggs on June 7,
1931, according to B. W. Cartwright.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Nest with three eggs plus Cowbird’s egg was
found on May 27, 1936, by G. J. Clout.

Muskoka District, Robinsdale—A nest photographed by A. W. Needler with
four eggs on June 9, 1923, contained four young on the 22nd.

Nipissing District—Nest was seen nearing completion on May 31, 1925, by J. L.
Baillie at North Bay, and a nest with four eggs was seen on June 2, 1933, by
C. H. D. Clarke. A nest was taken at island 758, Temagami, by A. F.
Coventry on July 9, 1935, the date on which the young left it.

Ontario County, Beaverton—A set of four eggs was taken on July 5, 1909, by
J. A. Edwards.

244 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Simcoe County—Nest in R.O.M.Z. with three imbedded Cowbird’s eggs in
addition to four warbler’s eggs was found on June 11, 1927, by P. Harrington
at Marl lake. At Barrie, H. P. Bingham took a set of five eggs on June 1,
1915.

Thunder Bay District—P. Harrington saw a nest with four eggs on June 8, 1935,
at Whitefish lake; at Port Arthur L. S. Dear took a set of five eggs on June
21, 1924.

York County, Toronto—Nest with five eggs was found at the Humber river by
C. G. Harbour on May 27, 1911; and a set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was
taken on June 27, 1891, by J. L. Jackson. R. A. Smith found a nest with
two young at Ashbridge’s bay on June 23, 1935. Set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z.
was found at Centre island on June 30, 1906, by L. B. Brown.

1538. MAGNOLIA WARBLER _ DENDROICA MAGNOLIA

In the coniferous forests of Ontario, north from about Lat. 44° to
the Albany river!’, ?!, this warbler is a fairly common summer resident,
in many places!*® being the most abundant of the family.

It breeds from southern Georgian bay and Frontenac County” to
the transcontinental line of the Canadian National Railway*!, westward
to Thunder Bay District and probably to Lake of the Woods!”.
Instances of its breeding along our southern border may be expected,
since it is known to nest?!! in St. Lawrence County, New York, adjacent
to the St. Lawrence river.

Algoma District, Mississagi Forest reserve—Nest with five eggs was found by
R. D. Ussher on June 12, 1923.

Cochrane District, Kapuskasing—Flightless young was collected in the summer
of 1919, according to P. A. Taverner.

Frontenac County, Sharbot lake—Nest containing two eggs as well as three
Cowbird’s eggs was found on May 381, 1922, by E. Beaupre.

Manitoulin District, McGregor bay—Set of four eggs (two in R.O.M.Z.) was
taken on June 10, 1925, by B. A. Bensley.

Muskoka District—Set of four eggs (one in R.O.M.Z.) was taken in Stephenson
township on June 5, 1902, by A. Kay. T. F. MclIlwraith saw adults feeding
flying young in early August, 1932, near Fox point, Lake of Bays.

Nipissing District—Nest with four young (in R.O.M.Z.) was taken on June 30,
1935, by C. E. Hope at Eau Claire. At Wilson lake, Temagami, O. E. Devitt
found young being fed by parents on August 6, 1934.

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—Nest in R.O.M.Z. was
taken on June 25, 1933, by D. A. MacLulich. It contained five eggs on
the 9th.

Simcoe County, Wasaga beach—Set of four eggs was taken on June 12, 1923, by
Starr.

Sudbury District—Nest with three eggs found at Chapleau on June 7, 1937, by
C. E. Hope is in R.O.M.Z.; at Biscotasing he also found a nest with four
eggs on June 23, 1937.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on June 29,
1922, by L. S. Dear.

—

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BrirRDS IN ONTARIO 245

154. CAPE MAY WARBLER _ DENDROICA TIGRINA

The Cape May Warbler has been found to be a very rare summer
resident of Ontario between Bruce County and James bay?! and west to
Lac Seul. In the Bruce peninsula it is fairly common in certain places,
e.g. at Dorcas bay, and it breeds fairly commonly also in Sudbury District.

The only breeding records of which we are aware are recorded below.

Bruce County, Dorcas bay—Nest with six eggs was taken on June 12, 1934,
by P. Harrington and an agitated female was taken on July 15, 1933,
(in R.O.M.Z.) by J. L. Baillie.

Kenora District, Lac Seul—Juveniles taken on June 28, and August 9, 1919, by
D. Blakely are in N.M.C.

Sudbury District, Biscotasing—Small young, in R.O.M.Z., was collected on
July 1, 1937, by C. E. Hope.

155. BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER DENDROICA
CAERULESCENS

The Black-throated Blue Warbler occurs sparingly in the deciduous
woods of Ontario north to Lake of the Woods?? (one was seen at Minaki
on July 22, 1930, by A. G. Lawrence and male in N.M.C. was taken by
D. Blakely on June 27, 1919, at Lac Seul), southern Thunder Bay District
(rare summer resident, according to L. S. Dear) and Kapuskasing.

It undoubtedly nests throughout its range!” as it has been found
breeding north and west from Leeds and Wellington Counties at least to
northern Algoma District!®? and southern Cochrane District, and west
to Cook County!”*, Minnesota, adjacent to Lake Superior, Ontario.

Cochrane District, near Kapuskasing—Nest with three eggs was found on July
8, 1925, by R. D. Ussher at Bank’s lake, Fenton township.

Frontenac County, Sharbot lake—Nest and four eggs in R.O.M.Z. were taken
by C. K. Clarke on May 28, 1908.

Grey County, Durham—Set of four eggs, plus Cowbird’s egg, was taken on June
22, 1909, by W. E. Saunders.

Haliburton District, Maple lake—Nest and four eggs in R.O.M.Z. were collected
on July 3, 1935, by C. E. Hope.

Muskoka District, Lake Joseph—Adult was seen feeding young on July 20, 1929,
by R. D. Ussher.
Nipissing District, Little Nipissing river, Algonquin Park—Nest in R.O.M.Z.
contained four eggs when found on June 25, 1930, by D. A. MacLulich.
Parry Sound District, Emsdale—Nest with two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken in
June, 1894, by J. H. Fleming.

Simcoe County, Barrie—Set of four eggs was taken on July 4, 1918, by H. P.
Bingham.

Sudbury District, Chapleau—On June 17, 1937, P. Harrington found a nest con-
taining four eggs.

246 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

156. MYRFLE WARBLER DENDROICA CORONATA

The Myrtle Warbler is a common summer resident of Ontario,
breeding from Wellington County*®, northern York County and
Frontenac County to the transcontinental line of the C.N.R.'%, * (and
probably to James bay’, !*), west to Lake of the Woods. Several were
identified in July, 1930, by D. R. Derry along the Manitoba-Ontario
boundary between Lat. 53°-54° N.

It reaches its centre of abundance between Georgian bay and Ottawa,
in many places being the most common breeding warbler.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Young were seen being fed by parents on
July 12, 1985, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Cochrane District—At Bank’s lake, Fenton township, near Kapuskasing, an
adult was watched feeding young on July 14, 1925, by R. D. Ussher, and E.
Dixon has eggs taken by A. V. Dukes at Lake Abitibi.

Frontenac County, Gull lake, near Sharbot lake—On June 10, 1902, E. Beaupre
found a nest with young birds a few days old.

Kenora District, Kenora—Pair was seen building nest on May 23, 1931, by L.
Paterson, according to B. W. Cartwright.

Manitoulin District, McGregor bay—Set of five eggs taken on June 14, 1925, by
B. A. Bensley is in R.O.M.Z.

Parry Sound District—Young bird was seen awing on July 13, 1936, by J. L.
Baillie, at Pickerel lake, east of Burk’s Falls. At Sans Souci, P. Harrington
found a nest with one Cowbird’s egg on May 238, 1921. J. M.Speirsfound a
nest with young at Sundridge in July, 1931.

Renfrew County, Petawawa—Set of four eggs was found on June 19, 1916 by
P, Harrington, who also found a nest with three eggs on May 26, 1916.
Simcoe County—Almost fifty occupied nests have been found at Wasaga beach
by P. Harrington between 1913 and 1937, one of which was a nest containing
four eggs found on May 28,-1913. On July 17, 1914, he found a nest with
two eggs plus a Cowbird’s egg. At DeGrassi Point, E. R. Hunter saw one

feeding a young Cowbird on July 17, 1936.

Thunder Bay District—At Port Arthur, L. S. Dear found a nest with three eggs
plus egg of Cowbird on June 11, 1929. At Rossport P. Harrington secured a
nest with four eggs on June 7, 1936.

York County, Island grove—One was seen feeding young Cowbird in 1935, by
W. W. H. Gunn.

157. BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER DENDROICA VIRENS

This warbler is a common summer resident of Ontario from the
southern border?’ north®’ to Lac Seul and Moose Factory”. It breeds
north to the Transcontinental railway! and likely throughout its range.

The Ontario form is virens virens.

Durham County, Bowmanville—Found breeding in 1928 by S. L. Thompson.
Frontenac County, Murvale—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June
12, 1905, by E. Beaupre.

Tue DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 247

Haliburton District, Maple lake—Young birds were seen on July 5, 1935, by
T. M. Shortt.

Muskoka District, Lake Joseph—R. D. Ussher saw parent feeding young on
July 3, 1922.

Parry Sound District—Family of adults with young was seen at Gordon bay on
August 11, 1932, by J. L. Baillie and J. M. Speirs saw young at Sundridge
in July, 1931.

Simcoe County—Set of three eggs, plus Cowbird’s egg, was taken by us at Orr
lake on June 5, 1928. On July 5, 1915, P. Harrington found young just out
of the nest at Wasaga beach.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Young collected by C. E. Hope on July 14, 1937,
are in R.O.M.Z. med

Victoria County, Woodville—Young (just out) were seen at nest on June 22,
1930, by F. Starr. The nest is in R.O.M.Z.

York County—Has been found breeding by C. W. Nash at Toronto, and at Nancy
lake members of the T.O.F.G. found three young with parents on July 18,
1937.

158. CERULEAN WARBLER DENDROICA CERULEA

The Cerulean Warbler breeds in but six of the extreme southern
counties of Ontario (Kent?®!, Middlesex”?, Wentworth®, Lambton, Lincoln
and Welland®), rather commonly in certain localities.

That its breeding range is more extended than the actual nesting
data indicate is suggested by its occurrence rarely north®® and east to
Ottawa”, and there is an indefinite nesting record for Leeds County!%”.

Kent County—Common at Rondeau in early June, 19383, and a female was seen
by us on its inaccessible nest on the 13th. Two sets of four eggs were taken
at Fargo on June 5, 1900, by W. E. Saunders, who also has a set of three
eggs taken at Coatsworth on June 8, 1909.

Lambton County, Thedford—Female parent and empty new nest in R.O.M.Z.
were collected by C. E. Hope on June 4, 1935.

Lincoln County, Warner—Female was seen with four young on July 15, 1936,
by W. E. Hurlburt and R. E. Wright.

Middlesex County, Byron—Nest with four newly-hatched young was found on
June 14, 1928, by G. W. Knechtel.

ie BUACKBURNIAN WARBLER pENDROICA FUSCA

This warbler is a fairly common summer resident of the whole of the
province north from Lake Erie?’’, 771, and Ottawa” to Hudson bay”!.

Breeding records are at hand for many localities between our southern
border and Lac Seul and Temagami and it probably breeds in suitable
places throughout Ontario.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Adults were seen feeding young on July
16, 1935, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Kenora District, Lac Seul—Young collected in the summer of 1919 by P. A.
Taverner are in N.M.C.

248 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Muskoka District—Three young birds, being fed by parents, were seen on July 2,
1922, by R. D. Ussher at Lake Joseph. At Torrance, J. M. Speirs saw a
nest with two young on July 26, 1937.

Nipissing District, Bear island, Lake Temagami—Brood of young was seen on
July 24, 1928, by A. F. Coventry.

Parry Sound District—Family of adults and young was seen at Gordon bay on
August 11, 1932, by J. L. Baillie, and young were seen at Sundridge in July,
1931, by J. M. Speirs.

Renfrew County, Petawawa—Breeds, according to P. Harrington.

Simcoe County, Barrie—A nest with two eggs was found on June 9, 1923, by
H. P. Bingham.

Sudbury District, Biscotasing—Young, in R.O.M.Z., was collected by C. E.
Hope on July 3, 1937.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken with nest
(which is in R.O.M.Z.) on June 17, 1934, by L. S. Dear.
Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Found nesting in June, 1933, by F. Starr.

160. CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER DENDROICA PENSYLVANICA

The Chestnut-sided Warbler is a fairly common summer resident of
Ontario north to Lat. 55° N. on the Manitoba-Ontario boundary!?’, 1%,
northern Algoma District” and Lake Abitibi*', nesting throughout its
range”, 77.

Frontenac County, Sharbot lake—Set of four eggs was taken on June 6, 1914,
by ©. Jj. Youneg;

Haliburton District, Dysart township—E. W. Calvert found nests with three
eggs on June 18 and July 19, 1936.

Hastings County, Madoc—Set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by C. J.
Young on June 15, 1905.

Kenora District—At Kenora, adults were seen feeding young on July 27, 1931,
by L. Paterson and an adult was seen feeding young on August 7, 1936, at
Ney lake (Lat. 54-55°N. on Manitoba-Ontario boundary) by J. Satterly.

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—Nest with four eggs in
R.O.M.Z. was taken by C. H. D. Clarke on June 7, 1933.

Renfrew County, Combermere—Nest with one egg, in R.O.M.Z. was collected
on June 25, 1935, by T. M. Shortt.

Simcoe County—Set of two eggs and Cowbird egg were taken on June 23, 1921,
by P. Harrington at Wasaga beach. At Barrie, H. P. Bingham found a nest
with three eggs on June 18, 1916.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on June 29,
1924, by L. S. Dear.

Wellington County, Elmira—Nest with two eggs was found on June 10, 1928
by G. W. Knechtel.

York County, Toronto—Nest with one egg as well as an egg of Cowbird was
shown to J. L. Baillie on June 11, 1931, by C. E. Hope at Hogg’s hollow.
At Moore park, S. L. Thompson found young with parents on July 18, 1902.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 249

161. BAY-BREASTED WARBLER DENDROICA CASTANEA

The nest of this warbler has not been reported from Ontario. It is,
however, not uncommon as a breeding summer inhabitant of certain
localities between the northern part of the Bruce peninsula and the
transcontinental line of the Canadian National Railway*! (small young
seen at Lake Abitibi in 1925). .

The numerous records of its summer occurrence in Cochrane District
(one in R.O.M.Z. taken at Moose Factory by S. Waller on June 6, 1928),
in Kenora District (male seen on July 11, 1980, by D. R. Derry at
Gorman creek between Lat. 53° and 54° N. on the Manitoba boundary),
in Temiskaming District (breeding pair secured!** at Annina on July 11,
1906), Nipissing District (male seen on July 1, 1985 at Eau Claire by
Te. M-_- Shortt and neted: on’ July. 12,°1931, by G. H. Richardson in
Algonquin park), in Parry Sound District (seen in July, 1931, at Sun-
dridge by J. M. Speirs), in Victoria County (seen in July, 1932, by J. M.
Speirs at Norland), in Thunder Bay District (fairly common in summer of
1924 at Lake Nipigon, according to R.O.M.Z. field party) and in Algoma
District (fairly common in July, 1936 according to R.O.M.Z. field party)
indicate that it is much more common and widespread as a summer

resident than is supposed.

Bruce County, Dorcas bay—Fairly common in early June, 1934, and adults were
observed carrying nesting materials on the 5th by P. Harrington and F.

Starr.
Cochrane District, Bank’s lake, Fenton township, near Kapuskasing—Several

were seen feeding young on small islands in lake on July 12, 1925, by R. D.

Ussher.
Sudbury District, Biscotasing—Young, in R.O.M.Z., were collected by C. E.

Hope on July 6, 1937.

162. PINE WARBLER DENDROICA PINUS

The Pine Warbler is a summer resident of southern Ontario, breeding
in small numbers and locally from the southern border?’, ?!, 22! north to
northern Algoma District!®? and Renfrew County.

Its presence in summer in the vicinity of Lake of the Woods?
(Manitoba) would indicate the possibility of its breeding on the Ontario
side of the lake.

Our form is considered to be the typical one, pinus pinus.

Halton County, 4 miles west of Boyne—On May 17, 1936, a female was seen
carrying nesting materials by P. Harrington, A. E. Allin and J. L. Baillie.

Norfolk County, Simcoe—Nests in the town park, according to J. W. Crow.

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—Adult was seen carrying
food on June 26, 1938, by C. H. D. Clarke.

250 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Renfrew County, Petawawa—Nest with one egg was found on June 7, 1916, by
P. Harrington.

Simcoe County, Wasaga beach—Fairly common in the breeding season; a set of
three eggs plus a Cowbird’s egg was taken by P. Harrington on June 16, 1922.

163. PRAIRIE WARBLER DENDROICA DISCOLOR

This southern warbler occurs as a well-distributed but scarce and
local summer resident of southern Ontario from places on Lake Erie
(female seen at St. Williams, Norfolk County on July 23, 1934, by
G. W. North), north to Parry Sound District and Renfrew County*.
A single occurrence at Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing, on June 24, 19338, is
reported by C. H. D. Clarke.

It is known to breed fairly commonly about the shores of southern
Georgian bay®’, ' and southern Lake Huron but not elsewhere in the
province.

The form breeding in Ontario is said to be discolor discolor.

Lambton County—Nest in R.O.M.Z. was taken near Grand Bend by L. L.
Snyder on June 6, 1935. Young were seen out of the nest about July 3, 1934,
at Beach o’Pines (nine miles south of Grand Bend) by K. Reynolds.

Muskoka District—Young bird (one of three seen) being fed by parents was
collected at Honey Harbour by R. J. Rutter on July 12,1934. At Go Home
bay, J. B. Armstrong saw parents feeding young on July 16, 1934, and there
is an immature from the same place (in R.O.M.Z.) taken on August 1, 1904,
by D, Black.

Simcoe County, Wasaga beach—Nest with four young was found on June 24,
1934, by O. E. Devitt.

164. PALM WARBLER DENDROICA PALMARUM

The only known nesting stations of the Palm Warbler in Ontario are,
strangely enough, from opposite ends of the province, on an island in
Lake of the Woods”? (probably in Ontario, according to letter from
W. Rowan) and at Mer Bleue, (Carleton County”, # near the Ottawa
river).

That it may breed rarely in various parts of northern Ontario,
however, is indicated by its occurrence in summer (July, 1860) at the
south end of James bay”, at Churchill (Manitoba)2!, in Algoma District’,
breeding in St. Louis and Cook Counties, Minnesota!”* (adjacent to
Ontario) and at Sault Ste. Marie® (seen during the summer of 1848 by
Jj. BE. Cabot),

Our form is probably palmarum palmarum.

Carleton County, Mer Bleue—Pair was seen feeding young by W. E. Saunders

on May 30, 1901, and on the same day Dr. Saunders took a set of four
heavily incubated eggs. This is set number 3814 in his collection.

Tue DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 251

165. OVEN-BIRD SEIURUS AUROCAPILLUS

The Oven-bird is a common summer resident throughout most of
Ontario north to southern Kenora District and James bay”.

It likely breeds throughout this range but it is known to do so only
north to the transcontinental line of the Canadian National Railway’,
north of which there has been little ornithological work done. Its
presence in the summer of 1920 at Indian bay, Lake of the Woods
(Manitoba)?? would suggest its summer occurrence in the Lake of the
Woods district of Ontario and north of this at Family lake, Lat. 52° N.
on the Manitoba side of the Manitoba-Ontario boundary a nest with
five eggs was found on June 19, 1927 by R. D. Ussher.

Algoma District, Mississagi Forest reserve—Nest with five eggs was found on
June 11, and nest with three or four newly hatched young on July 11, 1923,
by R. D. Ussher at Kindiogami lake.

Cochrane District, near Kapuskasing—Nest with four young was found on June
27, 1925, by R. D. Ussher at Bank’s lake, Fenton township.

Elgin County, Port Burwell—Set of five eggs plus egg of Cowbird was taken on
June 11, 1924, by F. Starr.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of five eggs was taken on June 3, 1896, by
E. Beaupre.

Haliburton District, Dysart township—On June 24, 1936, a nest with four eggs
was found and a flying brood was seen on the same date by E. W. Calvert.

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—A set of three eggs was taken on
July 21, 1935, according to R. Smyth.

Kenora District, Wabigoon—Nest with four young was found on June 21, 1937,
byl. M. Shortt:

Sudbury District, Parkin township—Nest with four young was found on July 8,
1929, by D. A. MacLulich. -

Thunder Bay District—Set of four eggs was collected by L. S. Dear at Port
Arthur on July 6, 1926; at Whitefish lake Colonel Dear showed us a nest
with three eggs on June 8, 1935.

York County—At King, R. D. Ussher found a nest with five eggs on June 16,
1935, and on August 19, 1928 at Pottageville J. L. Baillie saw an adult
feeding a young bird.

166. NORTHERN WATER-THRUSH — SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS

The Northern Water-Thrush is a common inhabitant of the wet woods
of Ontario, breeding north to Lake of the Woods?’ and James bay” and
without much doubt throughout the province’, ?!.

Kenora and Thunder Bay Districts records may® refer to nove-
boracensis notabilis!® but the race occupying most, if not all of the
province, is noveboracensis noveboracensts.

Cochrane District, Kapuskasing—Juvenile obtained on June 23, 1919, by P. A.

Taverner is in N.M.C. On June 30, 1925, R. D. Ussher discovered a nest
with four eggs near Kapuskasing, at Bank’s lake, Fenton township.

PASPA TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Durham County, Hampton—Set of five eggs was found on May 26, 1926, by
A. E. Allin; and a nest with two eggs (originally three) in R.O.M.Z. was
secured on June 6, 1934, by the same collector.

Kenora District—Young bird taken at Lac Seul on August 16, 1919, by D.
Blakely is in N.M.C. A pair bred in 1920 on an island in the Ontario part
of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Parry Sound District, Pickerel lake, near Burk’s Falls—Young, just out of the
nest, was secured on July 16, 1936, by J. L. Baillie.

Peel County, Belfountain—Young bird was seen by J. L. Baillie on June 14, 1931.

Simcoe County—Nest with two young and two eggs as well as three young
Cowbirds was found at Cranberry lake on June 5, 1929, by us. At Barrie,
H. P. Bingham took a set of five eggs on May 25, 1924.

Thunder Bay District—L. S. Dear took a set of four eggs at Port Arthur on June
19, 1914, and F. Starr took a nest with five eggs at Whitefish lake on June
4, 1935.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Nest and five eggs in R.O.M.Z. were taken on
May 23, 1930, by F. Starr.

York County, Pottageville—Nest with four eggs was found on May 24, 1935, by
H. H. Southam.

167. LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH = SEIURUS MOTACILLA

This bird of the Carolinian zone reaches the lower edge of Ontario in
small numbers, occurring north to Middlesex”? and east to Frontenac
Counties*, 152.

The only known nesting places in the province at present are at
Rondeau Park?*! and in Middlesex and Wentworth Counties, but it is
known to nest also near Buffalo, N.Y.,?°° close to our southern border.

Elgin County, Aylmer—Set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken in 1895, by
R. T. Anderson.

Kent County, Rondeau—Numerous in early June, 1933, and a nest with four
eggs plus three Cowbird’s eggs was secured on the 2nd by us.

Middlesex County—According to K. Reynolds, young were seen with parents in
July, 1985 and a nest with two well-grown young was found near Komoka
on May 30, 1936, by W. J. Preston (notice appeared in the ‘‘Prothonotary”’
July, 1936.) The nest also contained a young Cowbird, according to P.
Henderson. Photographs of this nest have been received from Mr. Reynolds.

Wentworth County, Webster’s Falls—Nest with five young was found on June
23, 1937, by A. H. Lawrie.

168. CONNECTICUT WARBLER OPORORNIS AGILIS

The nest of this species has not been reported from Ontario but it
has been recorded as a rare summer resident of Cochrane*!, Algoma and
Thunder Bay Districts!® in northern Ontario.

The only nesting evidence is from Gargantua, near Agawa, Algoma
District!’, where a pair was seen feeding a young bird on August 17,
1918, by M. J. Magee.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 253

169. MOURNING WARBLER OPORORNIS PHILADELPHIA

The Mourning Warbler is a fairly common summer resident of
Ontario, breeding north to the Transcontinental railway (C.N.R.)”, °°, *
and west to Lake of the Woods!”®.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Adults were seen feeding young on July 12,
1935, by C. H. D; Clarke.

Cochrane District, Kapuskasing—A female collected during the summer of 1919
had an egg in oviduct almost ready to be laid, according to P. A. Taverner.

Frontenac County, Mountain Grove—On July 6, 1926, R. V. Lindsay saw a
female carrying food. :

Kenora District, Kenora—Pair was seen feeding young by L. Paterson on July
18, 1932, according to B. W. Cartwright.

Parry Sound District, Pickerel lake, near Burk’s Falls—J. L. Baillie saw young
attended by parents on July 28, 1936.

Simcoe County—Set of two eggs plus one egg of Cowbird was taken at Minesing
on June 9, 1929, by P. Harrington, who also found four young in nest at
Wasaga beach on June 12, 1922.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Young, in R.O.M.Z., was secured on July 24, 1937,
by J. L. Baillie.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was secured on June 19,
1927, set of four eggs on July 1, 1923, and set of three eggs on June 22,
1924, by L. S. Dear.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Set of five eggs was taken on June 8, 1931, by
F Starr.

York County—Set of three eggs plus egg of Cowbird was taken on June 15, 1930,
by C. E. Hope at Mount Dennis. On July 30, 1895, J. H. Samuel found
adults attending young at Lambton.

170. MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS

The Yellow-Throat is a common breeding summer resident of Ontario
north to southern Kenora and northern Sudbury Districts'®. That it
nests sparingly in northern Ontario beyond these points is indicated by
its occurrence in summer at Churchill (Manitoba)® and near Moose
Factory®, at the south end of James bay.

The Ontario form is considered to be trichas brachidactyla.

Carleton County, Mer Bleue—Set of three eggs in N.M.C. was taken on July 9,
1908, by C. H. Young.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Nest with three eggs plus egg of Cowbird in R.O.M.Z.
was taken by L. L. Snyder on June 26, 1920.

Frontenac County—Set of four eggs was found on July 10, 1920, by F. Starr at
Hartington. At Kingston, E. Beaupre found a nest with four eggs on June
4, 1922.

Kenora District—Young birds collected in August, 1919, by D. Blakely at Lac
Seul are in N.M.C. E. Keighley found a nest with three eggs in July, 1930,
on Echlin’s island, seven miles from Kenora. It nested commonly”, !%® in
1920 on the Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods, according to
letter from W. Rowan.

254 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Nest in R.O.M.Z. was taken by L. L. Snyder
on June 28, 1919.

Norfolk County, Turkey point—Nest with four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 1, 1933, by J. Edmonds.

Renfrew County, Petawawa—Nest and five young in R.O.M.Z. were taken on
June 28, 1935, by C. E. Hope.

Simcoe County, Wasaga beach—Nest with five eggs was found on June 9, 1921,
by P. Harrington.

Sudbury District, Chapleau—Nest with four eggs was found on June 15, 1937,
by C. E. Hope. These are in R.O.M.Z.

York County—At Toronto, P. Harrington found young leaving nest on June 2,
1915. E. Dixon has nests with three eggs from Reesor lake and Unionville.

171. AMERICAN CHAT _ICTERIA VIRENS

The Chat occurs rarely in Ontario north to Middlesex” and east to
Peel County (pair seen at Erindale on several occasions from June 17
to 27, 1934 by H. R. Ivor, J. L. Baillie and others).

It is known to breed only in Essex** and Elgin Counties.

Our form is the typical one, vzrens virens.

Elgin County, Port Burwell—Set of three eggs plus egg of Cowbird was taken on
June 14, 1924, by F. Starr,

172. BLACK-CAPPED WARBLER WILSONIA PUSILLA

The Black-capped Warbler is an uncommon summer resident in parts
of Thunder Bay!¥, Sudbury and Cochrane Districts”, *4 and probably
throughout the more northern parts of the province’.

It is known to breed only at Lake Abitibi and at Sudbury. At
Sault Ste. Marie® J. E. Cabot noted its presence during the summer of
1848.

Our form is pusilla pusilla, the Wilson’s Warbler of most authors.

Sudbury District, Sudbury—Nest with five incubated eggs was collected on
June 14, 1986, by F. Starr.

173. CANADA WARBLER wWILSONIA CANADENSIS

This warbler isa well-distributed but not especially common summer
resident of Ontario north to southern Kenora District and James bay”, ”!.
It breeds north at least to the transcontinental line of the Canadian
National Railway”, ?. D.R. Derry saw one on July 11, 1930, at Gorman
creek, between Lat 53° and 54° N. on the Manitoba-Ontario boundary.

Haliburton District, Dysart township—Young bird being fed by parent was
seen on August 7, 1985, by E. W. Calvert.

Kenora District, Kenora—Young were seen being fed by parents on July 27, 1931
by L. Paterson, according to the Winnipeg ‘‘Tribune”’ of September 12, 1931.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 255

Muskoka District, near Fox Point, Lake of Bays—Adults were seen feeding
fledged young in early August, 1932, by T. F. Mcllwraith.

Nipissing District, Eau Claire—Young were seen June 29-July 2, 1935, by T. M.
Shortt.

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—D. A. MacLulich saw
adult carrying food on July 2, 1934.

Sudbury District, Biscotasing—Young, in R.O.M.Z., was taken on July 8, 1937,
by C. E. Hope.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Nest with two young a few days old was
found on June 26, 1927, by L. S. Dear.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Nest and five eggs were collected on June 10,
1932, by F. Starr, who also saw a female attending young birds on July 20,
1930.

174. AMERICAN REDSTART SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA

The Redstart is probably the most common warbler of the province,
breeding from the southern border north to James bay”, 7!, “4, *! and
west to the southern Manitoba boundary’.

Cochrane District, Moose Factory—Nest with four eggs was found on June 25,
1930, by S. Waller.

Frontenac County, near Collins’ lake—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken
on June 7, 1904, by E. Beaupre.

Haldimand County, near West Seneca marsh—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was
collected by E. Reinecke on June 6, 1891.

Kenora District, Kenora—Young being fed by parents were seen on July 27,
1931, by L. Paterson, according to the Winnipeg ‘‘Tribune’’ of September
12, 19381.

Kent County—Very common at Rondeau in early June, 1933 and a set of four
eggs was taken by us on the 2nd. On the 12th we saw a nest with young.
W. E. Saunders has a set of four eggs taken at Fargo on June 3, 1902.

Muskoka District—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 24, 1920, by
B. A. Bensley at Go Home bay. At Robinsdale, A. W. Needler examined a
nest with three eggs plus a Cowbird’s egg on June 16, 1923.

Nipissing District—Breeds at Temagami, according to A. F. Coventry. At North
Bay S. L. Thompson found a nest with four eggs on June 14, 1904.

Simcoe County, Wasaga beach—Set of five eggs was taken on June 9, 1927, and
a nest with three young was seen on July 25, 1914, by P. Harrington.
Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on June 17,

1923, by L. S. Dear.

York County, Toronto—Nest with one egg plus Cowbird egg was shown to J. L.
Baillie by R. J. Rutter at Humber river on May 30, 1934, and a set of four
eggs in R.O.M.Z. was collected by G. F. Dippie on June 15, 1894. At High
Park, S. C. Downing found a nest with young on June 28, 1934. A nest with
two eggs plus two eggs of Cowbird in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Scarboro Bluffs
on June 20, 1909, by L. B. Brown.

175. ENGLISH SPARROW PASSER DOMESTICUS

This resident species, introduced into Ontario about 1870, is now
found very commonly in suitable places throughout the whole of the

256 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

province’, ', probably breeding wherever it occurs, although we are
aware of no nesting records north of Lake of the Woods and Kapuskasing.
The North American race is domesticus domesticus.

Cochrane District, Kapuskasing—Bred in some numbers during the summer of
1928, according to W. J. Garnett.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Nest and four eggs taken on July 2, 1920, by L. L.
Snyder are in R.O.M.Z. ;

Frontenac County, Portsmouth—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
April 28, 1896, by E. Beaupre. }

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of four eggs was taken on July
20 and set of five eggs on July 6, 1935, according to R. Smyth.

Kenora District, Snowshoe bay, Lake of the Woods—Pair nested in 1920, accord-
ing to letter from W. Rowan.

Ontario County—Three young were found in nest at Thorah island, Lake Simcoe,
on June 8, 1914, by P. Harrington, and at Beaverton J. A. Edwards found a
set of five eggs on June 28, 1910.

Renfrew County, Rankin to Shady Nook—Young were seen on June 25, 1935,
by R.O.M.Z. field-party, L. L. Snyder, C. E. Hope and T. M. Shortt.
Simcoe County—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on May 30, 1921, at
Barrie and nest with four young was found at Wasaga beach on July 1,
1913, by P. Harrington. Nest with four eggs was found at Midland on

June 30, 1935, by R. Standfield.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Breeds very commonly, according to L. S.
Dear.
York County, Toronto—Nest with six eggs was seen on April 24, 1914, by P.
Harrington and a nest with young on August 12, 1987, by J. L. Baillie.

176. BOBOLINK pDoOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS

The Bobolink is a common summer resident of the more southern
parts! of the province, breeding north at least to southern Sudbury
District*’, 1, "° and Ottawa* and occurring in summer (and probably
breeding) north to Nipissing District (one in R.O.M.Z. shot at Nosbonsing
on July 2, 1935, by T. M. Shortt) and to Port Arthur (first seen during
summer of 1932, according to L. S. Dear).

Its occurrence as far north as Moose Factory (one shot by Robert
McLeod on Hudson’s Bay Company’s field) is attested by S. Waller.

Durham County, Cartwright township, Lake Scugog—Young out of nest were
seen on July 2, 1924, by E. W. Calvert.

Elgin County, Port Burwell—Set of six eggs was taken on June 5, 1924, by F.
Stan

Frontenac County, Simcoe island—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by
C. K. Clarke on May 31, 1899, and C. J. Young found a nest with two eggs
on June 25, 1896.

Lincoln County, Niagara-on-the-Lake—W. P. Young took a set of five eggs on
June 23, 1926.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 257

Middlesex County, London—Set of six eggs was taken in June, 1914, by W. E.,
Saunders.

Ontario County, Thorah island, Lake Simcoe—Set of five eggs was taken on
June 1, 1913, by J. A. Edwards.

Simcoe County, Barrie—Set of five eggs was taken by H. P. Bingham on July

12, 1919.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Young, just out of nest, were seen on July 20, 1937,
by C. E. Hope.

Victoria County, Woodville—Set of four eggs was taken on June 22, 1930, by
F. Starr.

York County—Set of five eggs was taken at Toronto on July 1, 1895, by J. L.
Jackson. At Armour Heights, O. E. Devitt found a nest with five small
young on June 29, 1935, and a nest with six eggs on May 27, 1936.

177. EASTERN MEADOWLARK _ STURNELLA MAGNA

The Eastern Meadowlark is a common breeding summer resident of
southern Ontario*™ north to Lake Nipissing*’ extending northward rarely
as far at least as Englehart, near Heaslip*®, in Temiskaming District
and west at least to the eastern end of Lake Superior’.

Our form is magna magna but the Meadowlark breeding in extreme
western Ontario is more than likely the Western Meadowlark, Sturnella
neglecta, as it is the species summering at Port Arthur (according to
L. S. Dear) and at Goldpines, Kenora District (according to Mrs. F. C.
Rust) as well as in Manitoba and Wisconsin*®. There is no breeding
evidence for Ontario of which we are aware, however, for the western
species.

Frontenac County, Kingston township—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken
on May 20, 1905, by McConnell and E. Beaupre took a set of six eggs (in
R.O.M.Z.) on June 10, 1898.

Grenville County, Algonquin—Set of five eggs, in R.O.M.Z., was taken by S. C.
Downing on May 10, 1937.

Grey County, Meaford—Nest with four eggs was found on June 1, 1936, by
L. H. Beamer.

Hastings County, near Trenton—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by
W. H. Lunn on May 15, 1921.

Huron County, Brussels—Nest with two eggs was found on May 12, 1925, and
nest with four eggs on July 4, 1923, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Kent County, Rondeau—Set of five eggs was taken on June 10, 1933, by us.

Nipissing District, North Bay—On June 16, 1925, young just able to fly were
seen by W. E. Ricker.

Wellington County, Guelph—Nest with four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
May 24, 1922, by W. J. LeRay.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—Nest with five eggs was found on May 30, 1923,
by R. O. Merriman and a nest with four young was found in June, 1930, by
P. Henderson.

York County, Toronto—Nest with six eggs was found on June 38, 1914, by P.
Harrington. In R.O.M.Z. there is a set of four eggs taken on June 27, 1891,
by J. L. Jackson, and C. W. Nash found a nest with five eggs on May 4, 1890.

258 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

178. RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS

The Redwing is a common breeding bird in suitable marshy ground
from our southern border north at least to the Transcontinental railway*!
(C.N.R.) and west at least to western Kenora District?® (Lat. 53°N.). A
specimen in R.O.M.Z. taken at Moose Factory on May 30, 1930, by S.
Waller suggests that its breeding range extends northward to James bay.

The race occupying most of Ontario is the typical form, phoeniceus
phoeniceus, but the race breeding at Lake Nipigon!® has been identified
as phoeniceus arctolegus.

Cochrane District, Timmins—Mrs. G. Roach found the species nesting in June,
1936, according to J. M. Speirs.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Nest with four eggs was found on June 6, 1932, by
J. L. Baillie.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on May
20, 1897, by E. Beaupre and set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 10, 1899 by H. Clarke.

Kenora District—D. R. Derry found it nesting at Gorman lake (approximately
Lat. 53° N. on Manitoba-Ontario boundary) on July 7, 1930, and nest with
three eggs was found on June 7, 1931, at Kenora by L. Paterson, according
to B. W. Cartwright.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Nest with four eggs was found on May 25,
1936, by G. J. Clout.

Parry Sound District, Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing—Nest and three eggs taken
by C. H. D. Clarke on May 28, 1933, are in R.O.M.Z.

Peterborough County, Lakefield—Nest with one egg was found by J. L. Baillie
on July 7, 1928.

Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—Nest with five eggs was found on May
31, 1935, by us.

Wellington County, Elmira—Nest with young was found by G. W. Knechtel
on June 10, 1928.

York County, Toronto—Nest with four eggs was found on May 9, 1919, by P.
Harrington, and on June 25, 1934, at Humber river, C. E. Hope found a nest
with four eggs. C. G. Harbour found a nest with six eggs at Humber river
on June 3, 1911, and a set of six eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Kelly lake on
May 26, 19385, by May Halliday. A nest with three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was
taken on July 2, 1905, by L. B. Brown.

179. ORCHARD ORIOLE § ICTERUS SPURIUS

This oriole is confined to the southern edge of the province, breeding
north to Lambton!’ and Middlesex” and east at least to Durham
County (one seen near Mitchell’s gardens by F. J. A. Morris). It is
fairly common in some places along Lake Erie but elsewhere it is rare.
The most northern place of occurrence appears to be Huron County
(adult seen on August 18, 1925 and one on May 9, 1927, at Goderich by
CoH. DeiGlarke): 7

+ stent eel) Yih. ioe eomarry ay

_—

Tue DistTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 259

Elgin County, Port Burwell—Set of five eggs was taken on June 18, 1924, by
F. Starr;

Essex County—Set of four eggs was taken by us at Pelee island on June 5, 1933.
At Point Pelee, L. L. Snyder took a nest and three eggs, plus egg of Cowbird,
(in R.O.M.Z.) on June 14, 1920.

Kent County, Chatham—A set of four eggs!” in N.M.C. was collected by T.
Smith on June 30, 1887.

Lincoln County, Vineland—Nests regularly and young were seen by W. E.
Hurlburt at nest on June 30, 1929. A nest in R.O.M.Z. was used in 1930 to
rear a brood of young, according to Hurlburt.

Norfolk County, Port Dover—Adults were seen at nest on June 28, 1934, by
J. M. Speirs.

Wentworth County, Hamilton—Young left a nest on June 28, 1937, according
to G. W. North, the nest found by J. M. Speirs on June 238, 1937, with young.

York County, Toronto—Nest was found on July 5, 1900, by J. H. Samuel.

180. BALTIMORE ORIOLE ICTERUS GALBULA

The Baltimore Oriole is a fairly common breeding bird in southern
Ontario north to Parry Sound District® and Ottawa’’.

It also breeds fairly plentifully in the Lake of the Woods vicinity?®
of Manitoba, but not in the intervening territory between there and
Parry Sound, so far as we are aware, although a male was seen by us at
Whitefish lake, near Port Arthur, on June 6, 1935, and its occurrence at
Goldpines, Kenora District, is attested by Mrs. F. C. Rust.

Durham County, Hampton—Nest was found on June 18, 1927, by A. E. Allin.

Frontenac County, Simcoe island—Set of six eggs taken on June 4, 1898 by C. K.
Clarke is in R.O.M.Z.

Halton County, Twelve-mile creek—Young were seen on June 26, 1926, by T. F.
Mcllwraith and J. L. Baillie.

Middlesex County, Coldstream—Set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was collected on
June 5, 1918, by A. A. Wood.

Ontario County, Beaverton—Set of five eggs was taken on June 7, 1920, by J. A.
Edwards.

Peel County, Erindale—Adults were seen with half-grown young on July 4, 1934,
by J. L. Baillie.

Prescott County, Hawkesbury—Egg in collection of R. Kirby was examined by
S. C. Downing.

Simcoe County, Barrie—Nest with four eggs was seen on June 4, 1915, by H. P.
Bingham.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Set of five eggs was taken by us on June 8, 19382.

York County—J. H. Samuel found a nest with four eggs on May 31, 1899 at
Eglinton ravine, Toronto. J. M. Speirs saw a nest with young on Wolfrey
avenue, Toronto, on June 26, 1935, (young left on the 29th) and E. Dixon
has a set of six eggs plus Cowbird egg from Unionville.

181. RUSTY BLACKBIRD EUPHAGUS CAROLINUS

The Rusty Blackbird is not known to have nested in Ontario south
of Grey County and Algonquin Park, but it is a fairly common breeding

260 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

species north from there throughout most, if not all, of northern

Ontario®,: 7, , 25, *,

Algoma District, Amyot—Nest with four young in R.O.M.Z. was secured on
June 27, 1936, by C. E. Hope and S. C. Downing.

Cochrane District—Juveniles were seen on July 28, 1933, at Smoky Falls, north
of Kapuskasing, by R. V. Whelan. A. V. Dukes collected eggs at Lake
Abitibi, according to E. Dixon.

Grey County, Durham—Nest with four eggs was found in early July, 1910, by
C. G. Watson. He has the male parent in his possession.

Nipissing District, Tea lake, Algonquin Park—Nest with parent feeding young
was found on July 7, 1926, by Eleanor Thompson.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Young, in R.O.M.Z., was secured by C. E. Hope
on July 15, 1937.

Thunder Bay District—Nest with five young, in R.O.M.Z., was found on June 18,
1936, by P. Harrington at Peninsula. Adults were seen feeding young (now
in R.O.M.Z.) on July 8, 1937, by L. L. Snyder and T. M. Shortt.

182. CROW BLACKBIRD QUISCALUS QUISCULA

This bird is one of the most common and widely distributed birds of
the province, breeding from the southern border north at least” to
Cochrane District and west to Lake of the Woods*’, and probably
considerably farther, as D. R. Derry found them to be common along
the Manitoba-Ontario boundary between Lat. 53°-54° N. during the

summer of 1930.
Our form is the Bronzed Grackle of most authors, guiscula aeneus.

Algoma District, Amyot—Nest with two young, in R.O.M.Z., was collected on
June 29, 1936, by C. E. Hope.

Cochrane District, Smoky Falls, north of Kapuskasing—Set of five eggs was
found on May 22, 1933, by R. V. Whelan.

Essex County, Pelee island—Nest with two eggs was found by us on June 3,
1933; on the 5th flying young were seen.

Frontenac County—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Kingston by
C. M. Clarke on April 27, 1898, and set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken
by E. Beaupre on May 16, 1903, at Horseshoe island.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Large colony
bred in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Manitoulin District, McGregor bay—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 23, 1924, by B. A. Bensley.

Parry Sound District, Patterson township—Nest with four eggs was icihe on
June 11, 1933, by C. H. D. Clarke. The nest is in R.O.M.Z.

Peterborough County, Otonabee river—Nest with five eggs was taken by S. C.
Downing on May 16, 1935.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of five eggs was taken by L. S. Dear on
May 28, 1922.

York County, Toronto—Nest with six eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on April 26,
1924, by T. Dockray. A set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Woodbine
on July 3, 1891, for J. D. McMurrich.

Tue DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BrirDS IN ONTARIO 261

183. COWBIRD MOLOTHRUS ATER

In southern Ontario the Cowbird is a common breeding species, and
although it occurs northward to Moose Factory”, '* and west to Lake of
the Woods, it is not common in the northern parts of its range, excepting
in the extreme west?®. It has been found breeding throughout its range
(female in R.O.M.Z. taken on June 18, 1930, by S. Waller).

We have in this paper recorded instances of this bird parasitizing at
least forty-one species in this province, and to these can be added fifteen
species, already on record, as follows: Scarlet Tanager”’, Blue-gray
Gnatcatcher’, Yellow-throated Vireo”, Canada Warbler”, Eastern
Meadowlark’, Warbling Vireo”, Wood Thrush”, Bobolink®®, Slate-
coloured Junco®®, Golden-winged Warbler?*, Blackburnian Warbler?”,
Kingbird?!*, Pine Siskin?°°, Prairie Warbler’? and Cerulean Warbler”!’,
making fifty-six species in all. In this connection, it is of interest to
note Hicks’ statement?” that forty-two species are known to have been
hosts to this species in Ohio. Our earliest record of egg-laying is April
26, 1925 and the latest July 21, 1930.

Our form is considered to be afer ater.

Durham County, Hampton—Egg in R.O.M.Z. was taken from nest of Goldfinch
on July 21, 1930, by A. E. Allin.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Egg in R.O.M.Z. was taken from the nest of a
Yellow Warbler on June 14, 1920, by L. L. Snyder and two eggs in R.O.M.Z.
were taken by him on July 5, 1920, from nest of an Indigo Bunting.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Bred abun-
dantly in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Kent County, Rondeau—Two imbedded eggs were found by us in the nest of a
Yellow Warbler on May 21, 1934; on June 12, 1933, we found an egg in the
nest of a Cardinal.

Nipissing District—At Eau Claire a young bird was found in the nest of a Black-
throated Blue Warbler by T. M. Shortt June 29-July 2, 1935, and at North
Bay a young bird was seen with a Robin in attendance on June 15, 1925, by
WE. Ricker,

Ontario County—P. Harrington found a young one in the nest of a Song Sparrow
at Thorah island, Lake Simcoe on May 14, 1915, and at Pickering young
was seen attended by a Chipping Sparrow on August 27, 1926, by J. L. Baillie.

Renfrew County, Petawawa—Egg was found in the nest of a Hermit Thrush on
June 1, 1916, by P. Harrington.

Simcoe County—On May 21, 1932, J. L. Baillie found an egg at Minesing in the
nest of a Robin and on July 17, 1914, P. Harrington found an egg in the nest
of a Myrtle Warbler at Wasaga beach.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Egg was found in the nest of a Swamp
Sparrow on June 6, 1924, and an egg in the nest of a Red-eyed Vireo on
June 24, 1928, by L. S. Dear.

York County—At Toronto, P. Harrington found an egg in the nest of a Phoebe
on May 7, 1915, and at Donlands, J. L. Baillie saw a young one being fed by

262 TRANSACTIONS OF THE RoyAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

a Song Sparrow on August 14, 1924. At Weston, H. Ing took a nest with
two eggs of Song Sparrow plus three eggs of Cowbird on May 4, 1933, (in
R.O.M.Z.) and at Toronto, R. V. Lindsay found a nest of Song Sparrow
with two eggs plus Cowbird’s egg on April 26, 1925.

184. SCARLET TANAGER PIRANGA ERYTHROMELAS

The Scarlet Tanager occurs in the deciduous and mixed forests of
Ontario (fairly numerous in the southern half of the province), north”
to Lake of the Woods*?, Temagami (male was seen on July 6, 1930 in
Latchford township by A. F. Coventry) and Timmins, southern Cochrane
District (noted on June 3, 1936 by Leonard Berry).

It breeds north at least ’, * to Goulais bay, near Sault Ste. Marie,
Algoma District®® and Algonquin Park, and probably westward to Lake
of the Woods (family encountered in 1920 at Falcon bay, Lake of the
Woods, Manitoba, by W. Rowan).

Elgin County, Aylmer—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by R. T.
Anderson.

Frontenac County, Murvale—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was collected on
June 12, 1905, by E. Beaupre.

Muskoka District, Beausoleil island—Nest with four young was found by D. M.
Scott in July, 1936.

Nipissing District, Brule lake, Algonquin Park—Adults were seen feeding young
on August 10, 1934, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Norfolk County—Found nesting by C. W. Nash.

Parry Sound District—Nest and egg taken at Emsdale on June 5, 1893, by J.
H. Fleming are in R.O.M.Z. At Sundridge, J. M. Speirs saw young in
July, 1931, and nest and one egg in R.O.M.Z. were taken at Frank’s bay,
Lake Nipissing on August 29, 1930, by F. E. J. Fry, A. M. Fallis and J. G.
Oughton.

Peel County, Erindale—Nest?” was found in 1929 or 1930, and another in 1931
by H. R. Ivor.

Simcoe County—Nest (just started) was found on June 9, 1923, by P. Harrington
at Wasaga beach and at Barrie a set of four eggs was taken by H. P. Bingham
on June 2, 1918.

Wentworth County, Ancaster—On July 13, 1935, three young were flushed from
nest by B. Ronald and D. Hassell.

York County, near Kelly lake—R. D. Ussher found a nest with three eggs on
June 10, 1937.

185. CARDINAL RICHMONDENA CARDINALIS

The Cardinal is a not uncommon summer resident of certain localities
in southern Ontario, north at least to Simcoe County and east to Carleton
County”’, 1%. It has been known to occur accidentally north to Algoma”
and Parry Sound Districts (female in Normal School, North Bay, was
secured at Hardy bay, on French river in autumn about 1930 by Dr.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 263

F. W. McKee). Its known breeding range lies south and west of

Toronto*.
Our form is the typical one, cardinalis cardinalis.

Brant County, Brantford—Pair nested on L. Harris’ property in 1919, according
to W. G. Neff.

Elgin County, St. Thomas—Nest with young was found on May 6, 1932, by
Irla Flack.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Set of two eggs plus Cowbird’s egg was taken on
May 15, 1911, by W. E. Saunders. A set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was
taken on June 15, 1920, by L. L. Snyder.

Kent County, Rondeau—On June 2, 1933, we were shown a nest with three eggs
plus egg of Cowbird by C. C. Bell and on the 12th we found a nest with two
eggs plus a Cowbird’s egg.

Middlesex County, Coldstream—In the summer of 1927, A. A. Wood saw three
young birds just fledged.

Welland County, near Port Colborne—W. P. Young took a set of three eggs on
June 20, 1925.

Wentworth County, Westdale park, Hamilton—Nest with two young was found
on June 8, 1935 by G. W. North, D. M. Scott and P. Henderson.

York County, Toronto—A nest with three young was reported at Ward’s island
in June, 1928. R. J. Rutter found a nest with two eggs in the Don valley
on May 7, 1933. In August, 1928, B. Wood saw three young with parents
in Nordheimer’s ravine, and on August 28, 1929, B. Penlington encountered
three young about two weeks out of nest at Toronto Hunt Club property.
The latter were from a nest begun on May 24.

186. ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK HEDYMELES LUDOVICIANUS

This bird occurs as a fairly common summer resident throughout
southern Ontario, breeding north to the transcontinental line of the
Canadian National Railway, and probably west to Lake of the Woods??®
(few pairs found breeding in 1920 at Indian bay, Manitoba, by W.

Rowan).

Elgin County, St. Thomas—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on May 10,
1905, by R. W. Johnson.

Frontenac County, Sharbot lake—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 5, 1905, by E. Beaupre.

Grey County, Orchardville—A nest with three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 6, 1906, by L. B. Brown.

Leeds County—Nest with one egg and two young was found by E. Beaupre on
June 11, 1896.

Middlesex County, Coldstream—Set of five eggs plus egg of Cowbird in R.O.M.Z.
were taken on June 8, 1917, by A. A. Wood.

Parry Sound District, Pickerel lake, east of Burk’s Falls—Female was seen
feeding a fully-grown young bird on July 16, 1935, by J. L. Baillie.

Simcoe County—Set of four eggs plus two Cowbird’s eggs was taken by us on
June 7, 1929, at Orr lake. At Barrie a set of four eggs was taken on June 4,
1916, by H. P. Bingham.

264 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on July 4, 1928,
by L. S. Dear.

Victoria County, Bobcaygeon—Nest with two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was secured on
June 11, 1931, by A. E. Allin.

Wellington County, Mount Forest—A nest with four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was
taken on May 30, 1904, by H. Skales.

187. INDIGO BUNTING PASSERINA CYANEA

The Indigo Bunting is a fairly common and well-distributed summer

resident of southern Ontario north to Lake Nipissing and Ottawa”, 39, 150
breeding throughout its range but much more commonly along the
southern edge of the province.
In extreme western Ontario, it occurs in summer and probably
breeds, as a male was seen at Sioux Lookout, Kenora District, in June
by Miss E. Keefe, according to A. G. Lawrence, and one was seen by us
in June, 1935, at Whitefish lake, near Port Arthur. Besides this, it is
known to breed in Minnesota counties!” immediately to the south of
extreme western Ontario and C. H. D. Clarke observed a male at Pancake
bay, southern Algoma District, on July 29, 1935. Also its occurrence
at Sudbury, Sudbury District! is recorded in the summer of 1889.

Elgin County, Aylmer—Set of two eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 17,
1896, by R. T. Anderson.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Set of four eggs in N.M.C. was taken on June 7,
1913, by P. A. Taverner and C. H. Young.

Frontenac County, Hartington—Young, just fledged, were found on July 17,
1920 by F «Starr,

Lincoln County—G. J. Clout found a nest with one egg plus two Cowbird’s eggs
at Decew Falls on June 27, 1936, and a nest with eggs and one young at
Rockway on July 22, 1936.

Middlesex County, Byron—G. W. Knechtel found a nest with one egg and two
Cowbird’s eggs on June 14, 1928.

Muskoka District, Torrance—J. M. Speirs saw two young out of the nest, with
parent, on August 17, 1936.

Nipissing District, Algonquin Park—Few breed, according to M. Robinson.

Ontario County—A set of two eggs was taken on July 24, 1909, by J. A. Edwards
at Beaverton and a nest with three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken by L.L.
Snyder at Rouge hills on June 23, 1932.

Simcoe County, Barrie—H. P. Bingham took a set of four eggs on June 7, 1913.

York County, Toronto—J. L. Jackson took a set of four eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) on
July 19, 1890, and a set of three eggs was taken by J. A. Edwards on June
10, 1911.

188. DICKCISSEL sPizA AMERICANA

The Dickcissel is a very rare summer resident of the extreme south-
western counties! of Ontario (east to Ottawa, two records"®, *?8),

-
_

> we oe pier

Tue DistRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 265

There is only one recent nesting record (given below) but the species
has been recorded as breeding in the past in Elgin'§, Essex8, Lambton!”
and Middlesex Counties”.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Pair was seen with four young on June 27, 1936, by
J. M. Speirs.

189. EVENING GROSBEAK HESPERIPHONA VESPERTINA

The Evening Grosbeak is an uncommon and locally distributed
summer resident of a narrow belt of Ontario extending from western
Algonquin Park!°8, "2 north and west to Lake of the Woods’, 14° where
the initial nesting record for the province was established by W. Rowan
in 1920. In addition it is known to breed in Cook County, Minnesota!”
adjacent to Ontario, at the west end of Lake Superior. One female was
seen on August 16, 1936, by L. L. Snyder at Haliburton, Haliburton
District.

Our race is presumably vespertina ves pertina.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Young were seen with adults in August,
1935, by-C.. He D: Clarke:

Kenora District—Adult was seen feeding a young bird on July 24, 1920, at the
Ontario side of Indian bay, according to letter from W. Rowan, and at
Kenora L. Paterson saw young birds being fed by parents on September 5,
1931.

Nipissing District, Brule lake, Algonquin Park—Juvenile female in R.O.M.Z.
was collected on August 1, 1934, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Parry Sound District, Pickerel lake, east of Burk’s Falls—Juvenile male in the
collection of J. H. Fleming was taken by J. L. Baillie on August 7, 1934.
It was one of three young being fed by parents. Another young, taken by |
Baillie on August 1, 1936, and also in the Fleming collection, was from a
brood attended by parents.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Young, in R.O.M.Z., were secured with parents on
August 2, 1937, by S. C. Downing.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Brood of three young (one week out of
nest) was seen on July 29, 1933, by L. S. Dear.

190. COMMON PURPLE FINCH CARPODACUS PURPUREUS

The Purple Finch is a fairly common summer resident of Ontario
(particularly in the central and northern parts) from our southern
border north to Lake of the Woods?? and James bay”.

It is known to nest north to the transcontinental line of the Canadian
National Railway*! and west at least to Kenora, Kenora District.

The form in Ontario is the eastern race, purpureus purpureus.

Algoma District, Mississagi Forest reserve—Female was seen feeding a fully-
grown young bird on July 22, 1923, by R. D. Ussher.

266 TRANSACTIONS OF THE RoYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Cochrane District, Smoky Falls, north of Kapuskasing—Egg in R.O.M.Z. was
taken on June 16, 1934, by R. V. Whelan.

Elgin County, St. Thomas—Set of five eggs was taken on June 2, 1890, by F. L.
Farley. This is set number 3865 in the collection of W. E. Saunders.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Egg was taken on June 1, 1922, by E. Beaupre,
who saw adults feeding young on June 20, 1921.

Hastings County, Trenton—A nest with four incubated eggs was found by W.
H. Lunn on June 28, 1936.

Kenora District, Kenora—Breeds, according to Mrs. C. Ratchford.

Parry Sound District, Katrine—Nest and three eggs in R.O.M.Z. were secured
on June 28, 1932, by R. J. Rutter.

Renfrew County, Petawawa—Set of five eggs was found on June 10 and a set of
three eggs on June 4, 1916, by P. Harrington.

Simcoe County, Barrie—Set of four eggs was taken on July 15, 1915, by H. B.
Haugh, and a set of five eggs on June 18, 1916, by H. P. Bingham.

Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—Nest with five eggs was found on June
10, 1935, by L. S. Dear; the nest is in R.O.M.Z.

191. PINE SISKIN _ spPINus PINUS

The Siskin is typically a nomad, occurring irregularly and not
uncommonly throughout Ontario!"°, north at least to the transcontinental
line of the Canadian National Railway’®. It probably breeds throughout
its range”, although there is no evidence of its doing so in more than a
few localities, where at tumes they nest'”, 7, 199, 29° rather commonly
(e.g. Carleton and Wellington Counties).

L: L.. Snyder-and) T.. M, Shortt, of JR-ONLZ; found Siskins fo “be
common at Ingolf, extreme western Kenora District (Lake of the Woods)
in June, 1937, and it was found frequently during the summer of 1920 at
Indian bay?’, Lake of the Woods, Manitoba, by W. Rowan and Roberts!”
gives a record of its nesting in St. Louis County, Minnesota, adjacent to
Lake of the Woods, Ontario.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Young bird was taken from flock on August
1, 1935; by ©, He DW. Clarke:

Carleton County, Billing’s bridge—Set of five eggs in N.M.C. was taken on
July 22, 1914, by C. L. Patch. These eggs, compared with Siskin eggs from
Wolfville, Nova Scotia (in the same collection) agree in markings, size, etc.

Halton County, Oakville—Nests, and two sets of eggs were found in spruces by
J. P. Turner, according to journals of J. H. Samuel, 1899.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds, according to A. Kay.

Parry Sound District—E. Dixon has a set of four eggs.

Victoria County—Nest with four newly-hatched young was found at Woodville
on April 18, 1927, by F. Starr. On April 3, of the same year, we found a
newly-completed nest at Pottageville, York County. Siskins were common
at both places during that month. At Bobcaygeon (Victoria County), F.
Starr found young flying on May 28, 1938.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 267

York County—At East York township R. J. Rutter found a pair building nest
about May 1, 1929, and in March, 1895, at Ramsey Estate, Heath Street, a
nest with two eggs was taken and sent to T. MclIlwraith by W. Carrell.

192. AMERICAN GOLDFINCH = sPINUS TRISTIS

The American Goldfinch is a common summer resident of the province
north to the Transcontinental railway (C.N.R.)?%, 3! and west to Thunder
Bay District, breeding north at least to Algonquin Park, southern Algoma
District and Port Arthur and probably throughout its range, %. W.
Rowan found it to be breeding plentifully. in the summer of 1920 at
Indian bay, Lake of the Woods, Manitoba and it breeds in Minnesota!”
adjacent to Lake of the Woods.

Our form is the eastern Goldfinch, tristis tristis.

Algoma District, Bachawana bay—Young were seen being fed by parents on
September 16, 1935, by C. H. D. Clarke.

Frontenac County, Portsmouth—Set of six eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
July 13, 1897, by E. Beaupre.

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of four eggs was taken on
August 8, 1934, according to R. Smyth.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Nest with four eggs was found by G. J. Clout
on August 28, 1934; they were hatched on September Ist. On July 10, 1936,
Clout discovered a nest with five eggs plus egg of Cowbird.

Ontario County, Beaverton—J. A. Edwards took a set of six eggs on July 21,
1909.

Peel County, Port Credit—A nest with five eggs, in R.O.M.Z. was secured on
July 22, 1894, by J. Parke.

Simcoe County—Set of five eggs was taken at Wasaga beach on August 22, 1920,
by P. Harrington, who also took a set of six eggs on July 28, 1914. At
Barrie, H. P. Bingham took a set of five eggs on July 13, 1915.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Set of five eggs, taken on July 21, 1987, by C. E.
Hope, is in R.O.M.Z.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—L. S. Dear found nests with five and six
eggs on July 31, 1929.

York County, Toronto—A set of five eggs was obtained by C. E. Hope on June
14, 1929, at Cedarvale. On August 27, 1915, P. Harrington took a set of four
eggs at Toronto and at Ashbridge’s bay, G. H. Richardson found a nest with
eggs on September 5, 1932, and J. L. Baillie saw the four newly-hatched
nestlings on the 18th. At Mount Dennis, C. E. Hope took a nest with six
eggs plus imbedded Cowbird egg on July 19, 1935.

193, RED_CROSSBILE—LoxiIA. CURVIROSTRA

This is another of those erratic winged nomads which appears
irregularly though quite rarely in various sections of Ontario”! north to
Severn river emptying into Hudson bay”.

Its breeding range may include the whole of the province, but we

268 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

are not aware that its nest has been discovered within our borders.
Broods of young have been encountered in at least four counties, how-
ever, three of them south of Lake Nipissing, viz. Bruce®, Nipissing’? and
York * and in the north, Algoma District!°’, 4. A nest, possibly of this
species, with three eggs plus egg of Cowbird is in collection of W. E.
Saunders”. It was found on April 28, 1909, forty-five feet up in a
maple tree by Harold J. Clarke at London, Middlesex County.

Our race is considered to be curvirostra pusilla by the American
Ornithologists’ Union Check-List (1931) yet adults and juveniles, taken
at Lake Manitowick, northern Algoma District, in August, 1928, are
called curvirostra minor by Griscom**, These specimens (in collections
of Ohio State Museum and University of Michigan) were collected by
W. G. Fargo and M. B. Trautman.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds occasionally, according to A. Kay.

Nipissing District—Has been found nesting at Bertram’s island, Canoe lake,
Algonquin Park, by M. Robinson, and on July 2, 1900, W. Spreadborough
found old and young birds in the Park.

York County, Lambton—One collected from a flock of five on May 26, 1894,
was ‘‘quite a young bird”’ according to the journals of J. H. Samuel.

194. WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL LOXIA LEUCOPTERA

The White-winged Crossbill is evidently more common than the Red
Crossbill in Ontario. It has been found more or less commonly at
various places north from Middlesex County” to the northern limit of
the province”!, tin summer and west to the west end of Lake Superior!”
(breeding in Cook County, Minnesota, adjacent to Ontario).

Although young birds have been found on several occasions, the
finding of its nest has been but twice reported from Ontario’. One
nest, containing three young, about ready to leave, was discovered forty-
one feet up in a spruce tree at Michipicoten river (northern Algoma
District) on August 20, 1928, by Milton B. Trautman. The nest and
its occupants are now in the Ohio State Museum, Columbus, Ohio. The
other nest is recorded below. It should be noted that the Catalogue of
the Collection of Birds’ Eggs in the British Museum, Vol. 5, 1912, p. 226,
records their possession of a single egg of this species from London,
Ontario, received from the Tristram collection (Crowley bequest). No
date or other information accompanies the entry.

Muskoka District, Port Sydney—Breeds occasionally, according to A. Kay.
Thunder Bay District, Murillo—Adults and flying young, in R.O.M.Z., were
obtained by T. M. Shortt on July 23, 1937.

Victoria County, Head lake—Moderately common during the summer of 1926,

and a nest with eggs was found on August 19 in a small cedar, according to
D. A. MacLulich.

>

a 1 NE a ME RR IE A Ge pe + ie PR =

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 269

195. EASTERN TOWHEE PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS

The Towhee is a fairly common breeding species throughout southern
Ontario north to Muskoka District’, ®, %4 and east at least to Leeds!?
and Carleton Counties", #3. Its nesting range in the province probably
extends some distance to the northward, as there are records of its
occurrence in Algoma District”.

Our form is the typical one, erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus.

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of one egg, plus egg of Cowbird,
was taken on July 20, 1934, according to R. Smyth.

Kent County, Rondeau—Nest and one egg were found by us on June 2, 1933.

Lambton County, near Grand Bend—Nest with four eggs plus Cowbird’s egg
in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 5, 1935, by C. E. Hope.

Lincoln County, near St. Catharines—Nest with four eggs as well as two eggs of
Cowbird was found by G. J. Clout on May 24, 1984, and a nest with one
young on July 18, 1936.

Middlesex County—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 7, 1917,
by A. A. Wood at Coldstream. At Byron, G. W. Knechtel banded four
(week old) young in nest on June 14, 1928.

Peterborough County, Jack’s creek, Stony lake—Juveniles were seen with parents
on July 6, 1921, by J. L. Baillie.

Simcoe County—H. P. Bingham took a nest and four eggs on May 25, 1924, at
Barrie, and P. Harrington took a set of three eggs at Wasaga beach on
August 13, 1922. .

Victoria County, Woodville—Set of three eggs plus egg of Cowbird was found
by P. Harrington on June 5, 19382.

Wentworth County, Ancaster—A nest with four young was found on July 26,
1934, by D. Hassell and B. Ronald.

York County—Brood of four fledged young was seen at Lambton on August
19, 1923, by J. L. Baillie. At Toronto, C. G. Harbour found a nest with
three eggs plus two Cowbird’s eggs on May 18, 1912.

196. SAVANNAH SPARROW PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS

The Savannah Sparrow is one of the most common of the breeding
finches of Ontario, occurring in suitable places throughout the province
Sn 12

The form occurring here is probably sandwichensis savanna, although
sandwichensts labradorius may replace it in the extreme northern sections
of the province§, °.

Its western limit is probably Lake of the Woods’? as W. Rowan
found it to be quite numerous in the summer of 1920 at Indian bay,
Manitoba, just beyond the borders of the province.

Algoma District, Amyot—C. E. Hope found a nest with four young on June 23,
1936.
Cochrane District—At Kapuskasing a juvenile (just out of the nest) was col-

lected by C. E. Johnson on June 28, 1919. It is in N.M.C. At Moose
Factory, S. Waller found a nest with six eggs on Mansy island.

270 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Durham County—At Orono, R. A. Smith found a nest with three eggs on May
6, 1935, and at Cartwright township, Lake Scugog, E. W. Calvert found a
nest with three eggs on June 1, 1924.

Frontenac County, Simcoe island—Nest with three young and two eggs was
found on May 14, 1898, by E. Beaupre and C. K. Clarke.

Kenora District, Wabigoon—T. M. Shortt found a nest with four eggs on June 21,
1937.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Nest with three eggs was found on June 28,
1936, by G. J. Clout.

Ontario County—J. A. Edwards took a set of four eggs at Beaverton on June 5,
1913, and at Port Whitby, H. K. Gordon found a nest with four eggs on
July 21, 1934.

Peel County, Lakeview—Nest with five eggs was found on June 27, 1935, by
C. E. Molony.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of four eggs was taken on June 11,
1924, by L. S. Dear.

York County—A nest with two eggs, plus egg of Cowbird, was seen by J. L.
Baillie at Sunnyside, Toronto, on May 11, 1933, and a nest with five eggs
was shown to him by F. H. Emery at Islington on June 4, 1931. At Toronto
island, G. F. Dippie found a nest with four eggs on June 21, 1894, now in
R.O.M.Z.

197. GRASSHOPPER SPARROW AMMODRAMUS SAVANNARUM

The Grasshopper Sparrow is a summer resident of southern Ontario
(fairly common in the counties along Lake Erie), north to Grey (one seen
at Thornbury on June 9, 1937, by R. M. Saunders), Simcoe (seen at Jack’s
lake on July 2, 1933, by O. E. Devitt and one seen at Penetang June
11-15, 1935, by C. E. Hope), Victoria (one seen near Bobcaygeon in
June, 1931 by P. Harrington) and east to Carleton Counties”.

It probably nests wherever it takes up its summer residence but
actual breeding data are known only for Middlesex”, Elgin, Essex!*
Haldimand and York Counties.

Our race is the eastern form, savannarum australis.

Elgin County, Copenhagen—Adults were seen feeding young on August 3, 1930,
by R. V. Lindsay and on the 12th F. H. Emery found a nest with four eggs.

Haldimand County, Lowbanks—Nest with three young was found on July 9,
1935, by R. A. Smith.

Middlesex;County, Komoka—Young bird taken on August 2, 1894, is in W. E.
Saunders’ collection.

York County—At Lansing, H. M. Halliday and J. L. Baillie watched a pair
carrying food in their mouths on July 28, 1934, and on July 4, 1935, O.
E. Devitt located young birds being fed by their parents at Armour Heights,
Toronto.

198. LECONTE’S SPARROW PASSERHERBULUS CAUDACUTUS

LeConte’s Sparrow prior to 1937 was known to occur in summer only
north of Lat. 48° N. in Thunder Bay’, °8 and Algoma Districts!%.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 271

It breeds in the former district and probably occupies much of
extreme western Ontario, as it is a more or less comomn summer resident
of adjacent southern Manitoba.

The occurrence of this sparrow in several sections of southern Ontario
during the summer of 1937 (small colonies at Baden, Toronto, and Brad-
ford, according to F. Barratt, J. M. Speirs and O. E. Devitt, respectively)
suggests that their southern breeding limits require revision, particularly
since a female, collected at Bradford on July 10 by O. E. Devitt, con-
tained eggs almost ready for extrusion.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Quite plentiful; two sets of four eggs (one
in R.O.M.Z.) were collected by L. S. Dear, June 10-11, 1924.

199. HENSLOW’S SPARROW PASSERHERBULUS HENSLOWI

The Henslow’s Sparrow is a locally-distributed summer resident of
extreme southern Ontario, breeding only south” and west of York
County and it has been actually found nesting in Peel®% (nest with four
eggs on July 5, 1932), Norfolk?’, Elgin, Kent®’ (two nests with five eggs
on June 17, 1908) and York Counties.

It is not uncommon in certain places, and Sarnia’? in Lambton County
and Bradford in Simcoe County (one taken on July 11, 1937, by O. E.
Devitt) appear to mark its northern limit.

Our race is said to be the western form, henslowi henslowt.

Elgin County, Copenhagen—Nest and set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. were taken!®
by F. H. Emery on August 12, 1930.
York County, Armour heights, Toronto—Nest with five young was found on

June 11, 1937, by D. S. Miller. The young were photographed and banded
and the nest was secured for R.O.M.Z. after the young vacated (June 22).

200. VESPER SPARROW _ POOECETES GRAMINEUS

The Vesper Sparrow is a common breeding bird of Ontario, occurring
from our southern border” north to Southern Kenora District and Moose
Factory*!. Possible due to the scarcity of suitable habitat, it is relatively
scarce in most of northern Ontario, but its range probably extends
westward to Lake of the Woods? where (at Indian bay, Manitoba),
W. Rowan found a pair spending the summer of 1920. It breeds also
in Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota!”®.

Our race is considered to be gramineus gramineus.

Cochrane District, Moose Factory—S. Waller took a nest with eggs on June 16,
1930.

Frontenac County—Set of five eggs was taken at Portsmouth on May 15, 1896,
by E. Beaupre and set of three eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken at Simcoe island

272 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

by C. K. Clarke on July 17, 1897, as well as set of one egg plus egg of Cowbird
taken on May 16, 1898, at Portsmouth by E. Beaupre.

Hastings County—Set of three eggs taken near Bannockburn on May 30, 1921,
by W. H. Lunn is in R.O.M.Z. E. W. Calvert found a nest with four eggs
on May 24, 1927, at Stirling.

Huron County, West Wawanosh township—Set of three eggs was taken on July
16, 1935, and a set of four eggs on July 21, 1935, according to R. Smyth.

Kenora District, Wabigoon—Nest with four eggs was found on June 21, 1937, by
T. M. Shortt.

Lincoln County, Merritton—Nest with four eggs was found on July 15, 1934,
by G. J. Clout.

Renfrew County—Set of three eggs was found at Petawawa on May 28, 1916, by
P. Harrington, and young just out of nest were seen at Cobden on June 11,
1925, by E. W. Calvert.

Sudbury District, Chapleau—Nest with four young was found on June 3, 1937,
by Martha Baillie.

Thunder Bay District—Set of four eggs was taken at Port Arthur on June 11,
1927, by L.S. Dear. R. D. Ussher found a nest with young on July 3, 1924,
near Jellicoe.

York County—Parent with two young was seen at King on July 27, 1934, by
R. D. Ussher. At Toronto, J. A. Edwards took a set of three eggs on May
9, 1911, and R. D. Ussher found a nest with three eggs at King on July 23,
1935 (young hatched August 5).

201. LARK SPARROW CHONDESTES GRAMMACUS

The Lark Sparrow is a rare and irregular breeding summer resident
of extreme southern Ontario”, “° south and west of Hastings County
(one male identified by R. C. Brett at Trenton on May 29, 1891).

Most of the nesting instances were during the years prior to 1900,
but J. F. Calvert found a nest with four eggs> on May 24, 1930 at
Walsingham, Norfolk County (also see below). Southern Algoma
District” (one seen at Sault Ste. Marie in September, 1880, by W. E.
Saunders) seemed to mark its northern limit of occurrence until one was
collected at Chapleau, northern Sudbury District, on June 16, 1937, by
P. Harrington. ‘

Our race is grammacus grammacus, presumably.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Young just out of the nest, in N.M.C. was taken on
June 22, 1913, by P. A. Taverner.

Kent County, Fargo—Breeds, according to W. E. Saunders, who has a specimen
taken on June 6, 1901.

Norfolk County, Walsingham—Nest with four young was seen on June 1, 1930
(see above, and on June 16, 1935, by W. E. Saunders. The latter nest, on
the 5th concession, Walsingham township, was secured for R.O.M.Z. on
June 238, 1985, by E. H. McKone.

York County, High Park, Toronto—P. Harrington has a set of three eggs plus
Cowbird egg taken on July 1, 1898, by E. V. Rippon, and a set of three eggs
in R.O.M.Z. was secured by J. L. Jackson on May 381, 1892.

ene ht al

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THE DIsTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BrIRDS IN ONTARIO 273

202. SLATE-COLOURED JUNCO JUNCO HYEMALIs

The Junco is a rather common! summer resident of the whole of
Ontario®, ', ”, 2°, nesting everywhere excepting in the extreme southern
counties. |

The form here is hyemalis hyemalis.

Algoma District, Mississagi Forest reserve—Nest with three eggs was found on
June 6, 1923, by R. D. Ussher.

Cochrane District—At Bank’s lake, Fenton township, near Kapuskasing, R. D.
Ussher found a nest with three eggs, as well as one young just hatched on
July 14, 1925. A nest and four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 16, 1930,
by S. Waller, at Moose Factory, and at Timmins Mrs. G. Roach found a nest
with young in June, 1936. !

Hastings County, Bird creek—Nest with five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on
June 21, 1935, by C. E. Hope.

Kenora District, Kenora—Nest with three young was found on June 14 and
nest with t wo eggs and one young on August 6, 1931, by L. Paterson.

Muskoka District—At Burndick, Severn Falls, H. Zavitz took a set of five eggs
(in R.O.M.Z.) in 1917 and at Robinsdale, A. W. Needler found a nest with
three eggs on May 27, 1923; it contained three young on June 2nd. Sets of
five and four eggs in R.O.M.Z. were taken at Port Sydney by A. Kay on
May 4, 1885, and June 28, 1890, respectively.

Parry Sound District—Set of six eggs was taken on June 4, 1894, by J. H.
Fleming at Emsdale. At Lynx lake, Kearney, H. B. Haugh took a nest with
four eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) on June 16, 1920, and at Sundridge J. M. Speirs saw
young birds in July, 1931. At Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing, C. H. D. Clarke
found a nest with four eggs on June 1, 1932.

Sudbury District, Sylvanite lake, near Chapleai—Seen with young in August,
1934, by R. D. Black.

Temiskaming District, North Cobalt—Set of two eggs was taken on May 27,
1926, by L. S.. Dear.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of five eggs was taken on May 27, 1926,
by L.iS: Dear.

York County—Adults were seen feeding young at King on July 17, 1934, by R.
D. Ussher. At Toronto, J. L. Jackson took set of four eggs on June 13, 1890,
and set of three eggs on July 7, 1887, both of which are in R.O.M.Z. At
Rosedale, J. H. Samuel discovered a nest with four or five young on May
14, 1894.

203. CHIPPING SPARROW . sPIZELLA PASSERINA

The Chipping Sparrow is one of the commonest breeding birds of
Ontario south of the Albany River and the southern end of James bay”.
It probably ranges westward to Lake of the Woods, as W. Rowan found
it to be generally distributed in 1920 at Indian bay, Manitoba, just
beyond the Ontario border. Also, it breeds in Minnesota!”*, adjacent
to extreme western Ontario, and a nest with four young was found on
June 15, 1927, by R. D. Ussher at Family lake (Lat. 52° N.) on the
Manitoba side of the Manitoba-Ontario boundary.

274 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

The Ontario Chipping Sparrow is considered to be the eastern race,
passerina passerina.

Carleton County, Ottawa—Nest containing two young and one egg (young left
at our intrusion) was found by J. L. Baillie on July 5, 1935.

Cochrane District—S. Waller took a nest with four eggs (in R.O.M.Z.) on June
16, 1930, at Moose Factory and E. Dixon has eggs taken by A. V. Dukes
at Lake Abitibi.

Essex County, Point Pelee—Nest and four eggs in R.O.M.Z. were taken on
June 14, 1920, by L. L. Snyder.

Kenora District—At Kenora a nest with four eggs was found on July 1 and nest
with three eggs on July 28, 1931, by L. S. Paterson. A nest with four young
was found on June 25, 1935, by J. Satterly at Fry lake, Lake St. Joseph,
Albany river, at Lat. 51° 15’ N., between Long. 91°-92° W.

Muskoka District, Robinsdale—A nest found by A. W, Needler on June 4, 1923,
with four eggs contained four young on the 19th.

Renfrew County, Petawawa—Set of four eggs was found in nest on May 26 and
set of four eggs on June 27, 1916, by P. Harrington.

Simcoe County—At Barrie a set of four eggs was taken by H. P. Bingham on
May 16, 1913, (in R.O.M.Z.) and at Wasaga beach P. Harrington found nest
with three eggs plus two Cowbird’s eggs on June 3, 1928.

Thunder Bay District—A set of four eggs was found at Port Arthur on June 5,
1914, by L. S. Dear and a nest with three eggs at Port Arthur on June 29,
1929, by J. L. Baillie. R.D. Ussher found a pair feeding young on July 6,
1924. near Lake Nipigon.

Welland County, Port Colborne—R. A. Smith found a nest with four eggs on
July 7, 1935.

York County, Toronto—J. A. Edwards found a nest with three eggs on May 13,
1911, and at Forest Hill H. B. Haugh took a nest with four eggs on June 7,
IGN 7 Gin. RO NTZ.):

204. CLAY-COLOURED SPARROW . sPIZELLA PALLIDA

This western species occurs not uncommonly in summer at various
places bordering Lake Superior® and westward to the Manitoba
boundary?’, breeding at Port Arthur*’, 9* and at Kenora, and possibly
at most suitable places between Lake Superior and Lake of the Woods.

Its occurrence during different summers in Middlesex County” and
on one occasion each in Renfrew™, Huron (specimen taken at Meneset
on June 8, 1931, by C. H. D. Clarke), Simcoe (one seen on June 10, 1935,
at Wasaga beach by O. E. Devitt and one in R.O.M.Z. secured at
Hawkestone by H. B. Haugh on May 28, 1930) and York Counties
(one seen on May 28, 1931, at Toronto by T. F. MclIlwraith and others)
indicates that it may nest rarely in the more southern parts of the
province.

The form occurring in Ontario is pallida pallida.

Kenora District—Nested fairly commonly in 1932, according to L. Paterson at
Kenora. At Wabigoon a colony was found nesting in June, 1937, by L. L.
Snyder and T. M. Shortt.

Tue DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BrrRDS IN ONTARIO 275

205. FIELD SPARROW = sSPIZELLA PUSILLA

The Field Sparrow is an uncommon and locally distributed summer
resident of southern Ontario north to Muskoka District®®, north
Frontenac County” and Ottawa’, ! nesting throughout its range.

The form occurring here is pusilla pusilla.

Elgin County, Port Burwell—Nest with one egg plus Cowbird egg was found on
June 7, 1925, by F. Starr.

Essex County—Nest with young was found on June 5, 19338, by us at Pelee
island. At Point Pelee, W. E. Saunders collected a set of four eggs plus egg
of Cowbird on May 138, 1905. At Harrow, W. E. Saunders took a set of three
eggs on June 7, 1909. .

Frontenac County, Kingston—Nest with four young was found on June 8, 1933,
by L. L. Smyder and nest with three eggs was found on June 20, 1905, by
E. Beaupre.

Leeds County—At Junetown, a set of eggs was taken on May 14, 1901, by E.
Beaupre. At Westport, L. L. Snyder located a nest with three young about
August 1, 1934.

Lincoln County, St. Catharines—Nest with three eggs was found by J. G. Clout
on June 16, 1936.

Norfolk County, Walsingham township—Nest and four eggs in R.O.M.Z. were
obtained on May 29, 1933, by J. Edmonds.

Ontario County—A set of four eggs was found at Beaverton on May 30, 1913,
by J. A. Edwards and H. V. McIntyre found a nest with four eggs at Whitby

about 1912.

Peel County, Erindale—On June 5, 1937, a nest with four young was found by
Marie Boissonneau.

Simcoe County, Wasaga beach—P. Harrington took a set of four eggs on June 7,

1923.
York County, Toronto—Nest with four eggs was found on May 17, 1916, and
nest with three eggs plus egg of Cowbird on June 7, 1924, by P. Harrington.

206. WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW _ ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS

Only bordering Hudson bay and northern James bay (north and
west of the Albany river) has the White-crowned Sparrow been found
as a breeding bird of Ontario,”, *1.. There is no doubt that it is common
in parts of that region, as it breeds abundantly at Churchill, Manitoba
(just beyond the borders of Ontario)®. Severn river, on Hudson bay”
is its type locality.

Our race is considered to be the typical leucophrys leucophrys.

207. WHITE-THROATED SPARROW ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS

The White-throated Sparrow is one of our commonest and most
characteristic summer residents, occurring throughout the province, °°.
There is little doubt that it breeds throughout Ontario, more rarely
along the southern border.

276 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Algoma District, Gull lake, Township 3C, Mississagi Forest reserve—R. D.
Ussher found a nest with four eggs on July 4, 1923.

Cochrane District—A set of three eggs was found at Smoky Falls, north of
Kapuskasing, on July 8, 1933, by R. V. Whelan, and near Kapuskasing R.
D. Ussher found a nest with two or three young on August 4, 1925. At
Moose Factory, S. Waller took a nest with four eggs on June 12, 1930 (in
R.O.M.Z.).

Durham County, Hampton—Nest with four eggs was found on June 22, 1927,
by A. E. Allin.

Frontenac County, Portsmouth—Set of four eggs plus Cowbird’s egg was taken
on June 20, 1921, by E. Beaupre.

Hastings County, Madoc—Set of five eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on June 3,
1925, by E. Beaupre.

Kenora District, Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods—Nested abun-
dantly in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan.

Nipissing District—An occupied nest was found on July 18, 1926, by A. F.
Coventry four miles south of Bear island in Temagami, and W. E. Saunders
has a set of four eggs obtained by him on August 5, 1908, at Cache lake,
Algonquin Park.

Parry Sound District—At Emsdale a set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was collected
on May 28, 1893, by J. H. Fleming. At Frank’s bay, Lake Nipissing, a nest
with five eggs was located on June 4, 1933, by E. S. Pentland.

Thunder Bay District, Port Arthur—Set of five eggs was found on June 13, 1924,
by L.:S: Dear:

York County—Nest with four eggs was found on May 24, 1931, by us at Sharon,
and at King R. D. Ussher found a nest with three eggs on August 4, 1934.

208. LINCOLN’S SPARROW MELOSPIZA LINCOLNI

This species is of rather local distribution, breeding from York
County®® to beyond the transcontinental line of the Canadian National
Railway?’, *!, 9° (Smoky Falls) and probably northward to Hudson’s
Bay”, commonly in many localities in the more northern parts of the
province. At Ingolf and Wabigoon, southern Kenora District, it was
found uncommonly during June, 1937, by R.O.M.Z. field-party, L. L.
Snyder and T. M. Shortt. It may breed locally south to Lake Erie, as
G. W. North found it in the summer of 1935 at Wainfleet Marsh, Welland
County. Six pairs were seen there on June 30, and July 5, 1936, by Mary
E. Brown and W. Brockner, according to the ‘“‘Prothonotary’’, July, 1936.

Our form is the typical race, lincolni lincolni.

Algoma District, Amyot—Young bird, in R.O.M.Z. just out of nest, was taken
by C. E. Hope on June 29, 1936.

Cochrane District—At Kapuskasing, a juvenile in N.M.C. was secured on June
25, 1919, by C. E. Johnson. It was scarcely able to fly. At Smoky Falls, a
young bird was collected on July 27, 1935, by R. V. Whelan (in R.O.M.Z.)

Sudbury District—Biscotasing—Adult was seen feeding young on June 19, 1937,
by F. Starr and P. Harrington.

Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—Nest with four eggs was collected on
June 13, 1935, by P. Harrington.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 277

209. SWAMP SPARROW MELOSPIZA GEORGIANA

In suitable swampy localities, this species is a common breeding
summer resident throughout the whole of Ontario”, *!, 9 west to Thunder
Bay District and probably to the Manitoba border (plentiful in 1920 on
the Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods, according to letter
from W. Rowan).

Essex County, Point Pelee—Nest with three eggs was found on June 6, 1932, by
H. H. Southam and J. L. Baillie.

Frontenac County, Kingston—Set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on May 21,
1897, by E. Beaupre. .

Hastings County, Stirling—Nest with three eggs was found on May 30, 1926,
by E. W. Calvert.

Lincoln County, Niagara-on-the-Lake—W. P. Young took a set of four eggs on
June 28, 1926.

Ontario County—At Simcoe Point, Pickering, a nest with three eggs was found
on June 6, 1935, by R. A. Smith, and at Frenchman’s bay C. E. Hope found
six nests with four eggs in each on June 9, 1929 (one set in R.O.M.Z.).

Parry Sound District, Sundridge—Young were seen in July, 1931, by J. M. Speirs.

Simcoe County—Set of five eggs, plus Cowbird egg, was found by us on June 4,
1929, at Marl lake. At Orr lake, F. Starr saw a nest with four young on
June 7, 1929.

Sudbury District, Bigwood—Young in R.O.M.Z. was collected on July 16, 1937,
by J. L. Baillie.

Thunder Bay District, Whitefish lake—Nest with four eggs was found by us on
June 8, 1935.

York County—Nest with four eggs, plus Cowbird’s egg, was found by us on
May 24, 19381, at Sharon and a set of four eggs from Toronto, in R.O.M.Z.,
was secured by J. L. Jackson on June 26, 1889.

210. SONG SPARROW _ MELOSPIZA MELODIA

The Song Sparrow is a very common summer resident of Ontario
north to northern James bay” and west to Lake of the Woods?, !7° and
probably northward, as D. R. Derry found them commonly during the
summer of 1930 between Lat. 53° and 54° N. on the Manitoba boundary,
and a nest with five eggs was found on June 10, 1927 at Family lake
(Lat. 52° N.) on the Manitoba side of the boundary by R. D. Ussher.
It breeds everywhere throughout its range.

The typical race here is said to be melodia melodia but melodia juddt
replaces it in western Ontario!® and there is every possibility that
melodia beata occurs in southwestern Ontario as a nesting form.

Algoma District, Mississagi Forest Reserve—A nest with five eggs was found
on June 9, 1928, by R. D. Ussher.

Cochrane District, Kapuskasing—Pair raised brood in early July, 1919, according
to P.. AS Tavermer:

278 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Frontenac County, Portsmouth—Set of six eggs in R.O.M.Z. was taken on May
4, 1897, by E. Beaupre.

Kenora District—At Ontario side of Indian bay, Lake of the Woods, it bred very
abundantly in 1920, according to letter from W. Rowan, and a nest with
four young was found at Ponask lake (Lat. 54-55°) on July 5, 1936, by
Dr. J. Satterly.

Lincoln County, near St. Catharines—Nest with five eggs was found by G., J.
Clout on May 16, 1935, and nest with four young on June 20, 1936.

Muskoka District—Nest and three eggs in R.O.M.Z. were taken on July 13,
1919, by L. L. Snyder at Port Sydney. In early August, 1932, half-grown
young were seen by T. F. MclIlwraith near Fox Point, Lake of Bays. At
Robinsdale, A. W. Needler found a nest with five eggs on May 30, 1923; it
contained five young on June 5th. At Huntsville, a nest with five eggs was
seen on May 24, 1932, by F. Banfield.

Nipissing District—Nest with eggs was found on July 25, 1928, by A. F. Coventry
at Temagami. At Green lake, Algonquin Park, a nest with four young was
found by S. L. Thompson on July 14, 1910.

Simcoe County—A nest with five eggs was seen at Barrie by H. P. Bingham on
May 11, 1915, and on June 3, 1929, we found a nest with five young at
Wasaga beach, where P. Harrington found a nest with three eggs on July
27, 1914.

Thunder Bay District—Set of five eggs was taken on June 5, 1935, by F. Starr at
Whitefish lake; the nest is in R.O.M.Z. At Port Arthur, L. S. Dear took a
set of five eggs on May 30, 1911.

York County, Toronto—A nest with two eggs plus Cowbird egg was seen by R.
V. Lindsay on April 26, 1925, and a nest with six eggs was seen by J. L.
Baillie at Moore park on May 6, 1923. A set of four eggs in R.O.M.Z. was
secured by J. L. Jackson on June 18, 1891. At King, on August 31, 1935,
R. D. Ussher found a nest still containing three young.

LITERATURE “CrrED

1Statistical Account of Upper Canada, Vol. 1, 1822, pp. 171-5.

Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, Vol. 4, 1859, pp. 231-3.

35Journ. and Proc. Hamilton Assoc., Vol. 1, 1885-6, pp. 45-324.

4Published by the authority of N. Awrey, M.P.P., Toronto, pp. 1-27.

5Thomas MclIlwraith, The Birds of Ontario, 1894, pp. 1-426.

6Department of Education, Ontario, 1900.

7Department of Education, Ontario, 1905.

8M. Y. Williams, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 34, 1920, pp. 121-5.

*Percy A. Taverner and George Miksch Sutton, Annals Carnegie Museum, Vol. 23, 1934,
pp. 1-83.

10W. E. Saunders, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 36, 1922, p. 137.

Nap. A. Comeau, Ann. Rep. Dept. Naval Service, Canada, 1913-4.

John and James M. Macoun, Cat. of Can. Birds, 1909.

BC, W. G. Eifrig, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 24, 1910-11.

4G, E. Atkinson, Biol. Review of Ont., Vol. 1, 1894, pp. 94-101.

1... L. Snyder and J. L. Baillie, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 37, 1923, pp. 91-3.

16Alvan H. Alberger, Orn. and Oologist, Vol. 15, 1890, pp. 87-8.

esa gnetlstie ieeant S Oe 26k OE ee eG eer
- Nees, a eae re > - nant

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 279

17M. J. Magee, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 37, 1923, pp. 145-6.

18Wm. G. Fargo and Josselyn Van Tyne, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 41, 1927, pp. 7-9.

19J,. L. Snyder, Trans. Royal Can. Inst., Vol. 16, 1928, pp. 251-77.

20Harrison F. Lewis, The Natural History of the Double-crested Cormorant, 1929, p. 6.

21Edward A. Preble, N. A. Fauna, no. 22, 1902.

2W.E. Saunders and E. M.S. Dale, Trans. Royal Can. Inst., Vol. 19, 1933, pp. 161-249.

*8Hoyes Lloyd, Can. Field-Nat., Vols. 37.and 38, 1923 and 1924.

24P, A. Taverner, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 32, 1918, p. 97.

J. R. Forster, Philosophical Trans., Vol. 62, 1772, pp. 382-433 (Willughby Society
reprint, 1882).

Arthur Cleveland Bent, Bull. 135, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1926.

277_, L. Snyder, Trans. Royal Can. Inst., Vol. 28, 1931, pp. 189-227.

28John Alfred Morden, Can. Sportsman and Nat., Vol. 3, 1888.

29William Rowan, Auk, Vol. 39, 1922, pp. 224-32.

30William Brewster, Auk, Vol. 19, 1902, p. 187.

31... L. Snyder, Univ. of Toronto. Studies, Biol. Series no. 32, 1928, pp. 17-34.

Arthur Cleveland Bent, Bull. 130, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1925.

8% Ann. Report, Ont. Agric. College, 1903-4.

34C, W. Nash, Vertebrates of Ont., 1908.

John Townson, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 44, 1930, p. 167.

36Wells W. Cooke, U. S. Dept. Agric., Biol. Surv. Bull., No. 26, 1906.

37M. Y. Williams, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 32, 1918, p. 37.

38], H. Fleming, Auk, Vol. 20, 1903, p. 66.

39James H. Fleming, Awk, Vol. 18, 1901, pp. 33-45.

_40J, Dewey Soper, Auk, Vol. 40, 1928, pp. 489-513.

41A, H. Wright and S. E. R. Simpson, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 34, 1920, pp. 161-6.

42Robert Vince Lindsay, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 48, 1934, pp. 11-14.

43James H. Fleming, Auk, Vol. 23, 1906, pp. 437-53 and Vol. 24, 1907, pp. 71-89.

44Ernest E. Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 13, 1890, pp. 457-643.

45George T. McKeough, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 38, 1924, p. 188.

46Rudolph Martin Anderson, Proc. Fifth Pacific Science Congress, 1934, p. 776.

47W. E. Saunders, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 23, 1909, pp. 132-3.

48Hoyes Lloyd, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 42, 1928, pp. 143-4.

49Walter Bradford Barrows, Special Bull. Dept. Zoology and Physiology, Michigan
Agricultural College, 1912.

50J. A. Morden and W. E. Saunders, Can. Sportsman and Nat., Vol. 2, 1882.

1W. J. Brown, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 22, 1908, p. 163.

8C. K. Clarke, Auk, Vol. 18, 1901, p. 112.

5G, A. MacCallum, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 15, 1901, pp. 127-8 and Vol. 21, 1907, p. 38.

44W. E. Saunders, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 33, 1919, pp. 55-7.

55R. Owen Merriman, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 46, 1932, p. 22.

56Rev. C. J. Young, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 14, 1900, pp. 69-71.

s7W. E. Saunders, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 30, 1916, pp. 39-40.

88). H. Fleming, Auk, Vol. 30, 1913, pp. 225-8.

sP. A. Taverner, Auk, Vol. 29,1912, p. 397.

60]. L. Snyder, Trans. Royal Can. Inst., Vol. 17, 1930, pp. 183-202.

61F-dwin Beaupre, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 16, 1902, p. 103.

62], Dewey Soper, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 37, 1923, pp. 13-15.

8Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Htst., Vol. 28, 1897, pp. 1-44.

64Stuart L. Thompson, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 36, 1922, pp. 161-8.

280 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

Howard Skales, Ont. Nat. Sc. Bull., No. 2, 1906, p. 23.

*W. E. Saunders, Auk, Vol. 27, 1910, pp. 209-10.

Rev. C. J. Young, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 18, 1904, pp. 139-40.

*8William Swainson and John Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, Part Second, 1831.

67. H. Fleming, Auk, Vol. 19, 1902, pp. 403-4.

Charles Macnamara, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 31, 1917, pp. 49-54.

"Hoyes Lloyd, Auk, Vol. 34, 1917, pp. 457-460.

Robert V. Lindsay, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 45, 1931, pp. 205-6.

Robert Virtue, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 43, 1929, p. 110.

4W. E. Saunders, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 37, 1923, pp. 116-7.

%M.G. Gould, Bird-Lore, Vol. 24, 1922, pp. 96-7.

Allan Brooks, Ont. Nat. Sc. Bull., no. 2, 1906, pp. 6-10.

7P,. A. Taverner, Bull. 41, Victoria Memorial Mus., 1926.

78]. Dewey Soper, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 34, 1920, pp. 72-3.

Jas. L. Baillie, Jr., Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 42, 1928, p. 177.

80Harrison F. Lewis, Awk, Vol. 49, 1932, p. 225.

81Robert T. Morris, Rod and Gun and Motor Sports in Can., Vol. 9, 1907, pp. 186-7.

8°] ouis Agassiz, Lake Superior, its Physical Character, Vegetation and Animals, 1850.

87. A. Allen, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, Vol. 4, 1879, p. 26.

Sixth Ann. Rept. of the Game and Fisheries Dept., Ontario, 1913, p. 13.

8 Highth Ann. Rept. of the Game and Fisheries Dept., Ontario, 1915, p. 8.

%&G. Eifrig, Auk, Vol. 26, 1909, pp. 58-9; pp. 432-3.

87Paul Harrington, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 36, 1922, pp. 176-7.

8W. E. Saunders, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 25, 1912, pp. 152-3.

8Jas. L. Baillie, Jr., Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 39, 1925, p. 194.

%M. J. Magee, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 36, 1922, p. 153.

%R, J. Rutter, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 43, 1929, p. 188.

#2W.H. A. Preece, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 37, 1928, p. 169.

%J. H. Garnier, Can. Sportsman and Nat., Vol. 2, 1882, pp. 111-2.

“M. Y. Williams, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 35, 1921, pp. 94-7.

%W.H. A. Preece, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 38, 1924, pp. 9-10.

%Hubert Richardson, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 47, 1933, p. 58.

7W. E. Saunders, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 22, 1908, pp. 115-7.

*®Walter Kaelz, Can. Field-Nat., Vol., 37, 19238, p. 118.

%C, E. Johnson, Can Field-Nat., Vol. 36, 1922, p. 60.

100Ralph E. DeLury, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 36, 1922, p. 120.

101] ois R. Kingston, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 38, 1924, p. 18.

10?Paul Harrington, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 38, 1924, p. 58.

108Hoyes Lloyd, Can. Field-Nati., Vol. 39, 1925, p. 17.

10477, W. Fairbairn, Can. Freld-Nat., Vol. 41, 1927, pp. 150-2.

160 ficial Canadian Record of Bird-Banding Returns, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 41, 1927, p.
169.

106Manly F. Miner, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 43, 1929, p. 20.

107Robt. V. Lindsay, Can. Field Nat., Vol. 43,1929, p. 164.

108\WV. E. Saunders, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 48, 1929, p. 190.

10William G. Fargo and Milton B. Trautman, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 44, 1980, pp. 31-3.

10H, W. Fairbairn, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 44, 1930, pp. 88-91.

11Bertram W. Cartwright, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 45, 1931, p. 184.

12Anna E. MacLoghlin, Can Field-Nat., Vol. 46, 1932, p. 68.

13Hoyes Lloyd, Can Field-Nat., Vol. 46, 1932, pp. 125-6, 162-6.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 281

1147,, T. S. Norris-Elye, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 46, 1932, p. 142.

15H oyes Lloyd, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 47, 1933, p. 36.

116A, A. Wood, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 47, 1933, p. 148.

17C, E. Johnson, Can. Freld-Nat., Vol. 48, 1934, p. 82.

8sWilliam C. Baker, Auk, Vol. 49, 1932, pp. 100-1.

119Harrison F. Lewis, Auk, Vol. 49, 1932, p. 225.

120K dward Howe Forbush, Birds of Massachusetts, Vol. 1, 1925.

121Robert L. Baird, Bird-Lore, Vol. 32, 1930, pp. 434-5.

12W, E. Saunders, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 12, 1898, p. 178.

123 Ninth Ann. Rept. of the Game and Fisheries Dept. (Ontario), 1916, p. 23.
124. Sixteenth Ann. Rept. of the Game and Fisheries Dept. (Ontario), 1923, p. 9.
15 Twentieth Ann. Rept. of the Game and Fisheries Dept. (Ontario), 1927, p. 6.
126 Twenty-third Ann. Rept. of the Game and Fisheries Dept. (Ontario), 1930, p. 7.
27Rey. J. Hibbert Langille, Our Birds in their Haunts, 1884.

28h, L. Farley, Oologist, Vol. 8, 1891, pp. 81-7.

29B, H. Swales, Oologist, Vol. 8, 1891, pp. 246-7.

130K dward Reinecke, Oologist, Vol. 12, 1895, p. 45.

181Norman Haultain, Oologist, Vol. 30, 1913, p. 100.

182Harry C. Oberholser, Bird-Lore, Vol. 20, 1918, pp. 345-9.

133A. D. Sutherland, Oologist, Vol. 46, 1929, pp. 80-1.

34D istribution Maps, U. S. Biol. Surv., April, 1934.

15h, M.S. Dale, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 45, 1931, p. 21.

136—1. Moshier, Rod & Gun in Can., Vol. 12, 1911, p. 1048.

187John C. Phillips, A Natural History of the Ducks, Vol. 2, 1928.

138John C. Phillips, A Natural History of the Ducks, Vol. 3, 1925.

189John C. Phillips, A Natural History of the Ducks, Vol. 4, 1926.

140A. G. Kingston, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 9, 1895, pp. 92-3.

1417 ewis M. Terrill, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 17, 1904, p. 171.

142A. B. Klugh, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 19, 1905, p. 87.

143°Thomas Mcllwraith, Journ. and Proc. Hamilton Assoc. Vol. 1, 1886.
144R., G. Price, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 24, 1910, p. 55.

145W, E. Saunders, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 26, 1913, p. 180.

146P, A. Taverner, Ottawa Nat., Vol. 28, 1914, p. 99.

47W, J. Wintemberg, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 33, 1919, p. 68.

48W. E. Saunders, Auk, Vol. 2, 1885, p. 307.

49Ralph E. and Justin S. DeLury, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 36, 1922, p. 187.
160Ralph E. DeLury, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 38, 1924, pp. 21-4.

161Hoyes Lloyd, Can Field-Nat., Vol. 38, 1924, p. 180.

152R.O. Merriman, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 41, 1927, p. 140.

153Mlargaret K. H. Mitchell, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 48, 1929, pp. 147-52.
1547, A. Munro, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 44, 1930, p. 88.

155Jas. L. Baillie, Jr., Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 45, 1931, p. 180.

156P, A. Taverner and B. H. Swales, Wilson Bull., Vol. 14, 1907 and Vol. 15, 1908.
17W, E. Saunders, Wilson Bull., Vol. 14, 1907, p. 74.

18W, H. McNairn, Oologist, Vol. 8, 1891, p. 235.

159Ottamar Reinecke, Oologist, Vol. 27, 1910, p. 88.

160FH, P. Bingham, Oologist, Vol. 41, 1924, p. 44.

161FT, P. Bingham, Oologist, Vol. 48, 1926, p. 108.

162AHarrison F. Lewis, Univ. of Tor. Studies, Biol. Series, no. 30, 1927,
163K, M.S. Dale, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 46, 1932, p. 107.

282 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

164A. C, Lloyd, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 48, 1934, p. 82.

166Charles Macnamara, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 49, 1935, pp. 31-2.

16C), EK, Devitt, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 49, 1935, p. 76.

167], Murray Speirs, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 49, 1935, p. 123.

168\V. J. Wintemberg, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 49, 1935, p. 125.

169Margaret H. Mitchell, Contrib. No. 7, Royal Ont. Mus. of Zool., 1935, p. 62.

170John Macoun, Cat. of Can. Birds, Part 2, 1903.

11 dward Howe Forbush, Birds of Massachusetts, Vol. 2, 1927.

‘ 172John Macoun, Cat. of Can. Birds, Part 1, 1900.

17%3John Macoun, Cat. of Can. Birds, Part 3, 1904.

174], M. Turner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 245.

175\W, E. Saunders, Auk, Vol. 34, 1917, pp. 334-5.

1767Thomas S. Roberts, Birds of Minnesota, 1932.

177W,. E. Saunders, Saturday Night, Mar. 26, 1927.

178Sir John Richardson, Arctic Searching Exped., 1852, p. 396.

1797, L. Snyder, Univ. of Toronto Studies, Biol. Series, no. 40, 1935.

180P, A, Taverner, Bull. 72, Nat. Mus. of Can., 1934.

181W, EK. Saunders, Auk, Vol. 4, 1887, p. 247.

182Francis J. A. Morris, Can. Ent., Vol. 58, 1921, pp. 219-44.

183’ Nipissing”, Forest and Stream, Vol. 37, 1891, p. 310.

184Robert Bell, Can. Nat. and Geol., Vol. 6, 1861, pp. 274-5.

18 Rod & Gun in Can., Vol. 12, 1910, pp. 250-64.

186James E. Orr, Rod & Gun in Can., Vol. 11, 1909, pp. 524-6.

7W, L. Scott, Auk, Vol. 2, 1885, p. 110.

188Rev. C. W. G. Eifrig, Auk, Vol. 23, 1906, p. 316.

189Bayard H. Christy, Cardinal, Vol. 2, 1927, pp. 46-8.

190William Rowan, Ecology, Vol. 3, 1922, p. 256.

11Rept. of E. B. Borron, Hudson’s Bay, 1884, p. 35.

12\WW, FE. Saunders, Auk, Vol. 26, 1909, p. 430.

18Andrew Murray, Edin. New Phil. Journ., Apr. 1859, pp. 598-608.

194A. B. Klugh, Ont. Nat. Sc. Buil.,; no. 1, 1905, p. 10:

195A, B. Klugh, Auk, Vol. 28, 1906, p. 105.

1%William J. Garnett, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 48, 1929, p. 84.

197C, L. Broley, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 48, 1929, p. 21.

198]. H. Fleming and Hoyes Lloyd, Auk, Vol. 37, 1920, pp. 437-8.

199A, Kay, Biol. Review of Ont., Vol. 1, 1894, pp. 66-7.

200A, B. Klugh, Ont. Nat. Sc. Bull., no. 2, 1906, pp. 17-8.

201W, E. Saunders, Bird-Lore, Vol. 37, 19385, p. 326.

202W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. of the Coll. of Birds’ Eggs in the Brittsh Museum (Nat.
Hist.) Vol. 5, 1912.

208G, Eifrig, Wilson Bull., Vol. 25, 1918, p. 144.

24Frank L. Burns, Wilson Bull., Vol. 18, 1911, p. 172.

20W. E. Saunders, Wilson Bull., Vol. 21, 1909, p. 153.

206] awrence E. Hicks, Auk, Vol. 51, 1934, p. 385.

207] awrence E. Hicks, Ohio Biol. Surv., Vol. 6, 1935.

208W. E. Clyde Todd, Annals Carnegie Mus., Vol. 2, 1904, pp. 481-596.

209Harold D. Mitchell, Hobbies, Vol. 11, 1930, p. 64.

210Clark S. Beardlee, Hobbies, Vol. 12, 1981, p. 52.

211K Jon Howard Eton, Memoir 12, N. Y. State Museum, 1910-14.

127 ynds Jones, Wilson Bull., Vol. 24, 1912, pp. 171-86.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING BIRDS IN ONTARIO 283

218M. J. Magee, Wilson Bull., Vol. 34, 1922, pp. 175-6.

2147, Van Tyne, Wilson Bull., Vol. 35, 1923, p. 21.

215B, H. Swales and P. A. Taverner, Wilson Bull., Vol. 13, 1906, p. 67.

216Wm. L. Kells, Auk, Vol. 2, 1885, p. 106.

*17Herbert Friedmann, Awk, Vol. 48, 1931, p. 64.

218G, A. MacCallum, Ontario Game and Fish Commission Report, 1892, p. 372.
219Wm. H. Smith, Canada: Past, Present and Future, 1851.

20F Iliott Coues, Misc. Pub. No. 3, U. S. Geol. Surv. of the Territories, 1874, p. 53.
221R,. D. Ussher, Can. Field-Nat., Vol. 50, 1936, p. 14.

222\Vm. Perkins Bull, From Humming-bird to Eagle, 1936.

223Hoyes Lloyd, Can. Freld-Nat., Vol. 50, 1936, p. 144.

2241 udlow Griscom, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 41, 1937, pp. 126 and 143.
25Donald Williams, Bird-Lore, Vol. 28, 1926, p. 202.

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