597.5
1980 JIla^Z ■
C
'
APR 2 7 2001
29
201?
DISTRIBUTION OF FISHES IN SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA
Cooperatively Compiled by
Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks
and United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management
I § r k3, X %
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Authors
Allen A. Elser, Fisheries Manager Region 7, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks
Mark W. Gorges, Fisheries Biologist Miles City District, U.S.D.I., Bureau of Land Management
Lani M. Morris, Fisheries Fieldworker Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks
-OTrt WW" COaECTia,,
April 1980 qoT 23 1991
,. ctaTE LIBRAE MONTANA f^AVE. HELENA, MONTANA 59620
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pearl Dace
C
Page
Introduction 1
Description of Area 1
History 1
Physioqraphy and Geology 2
Climate 2
River Basins 2
Yellowstone Basin 2
Tongue River 3
Powder River 4
Minor Yellowstone River Tributaries 4
Little Missouri River 4
Literature Review 5
Methods 5
Sampling Sites g
Fish Distribution 23
Pallid Sturgeon 24
Shovelnose Sturgeon 26
Paddlefish 28
Goldeye 3q
Mountain Whitefish 32
Rainbow Trout 34
Brown Trout 35
Brook Trout 3g
Northern Pike 4q
Carp 42
Goldfish 44
Golden Shiner 4g
48
Creek Chub 5q
Northern Redbelly Dace 52
Flathead Chub 54
Sturgeon Chub 5g
Lake Chub g8
Emerald Shiner gg
Sand Shiner g2
Brassy Minnow g*
Plains Minnow/Western Silvery Minnow gg
Fathead Minnow gg
Longnose Dace 7q
River Carpsucker 72
Blue Sucker -m
Smallmouth Buffalo 76
Bigmouth Buffalo 7o
Shorthead Redhorse on
Longnose Sucker 00
White Sucker 04
-,.^
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J
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
C
Mountain Sucker Black Bullhead Yellow Bullhead Channel Catfish Stonecat Burbot
Plains Killifish Mosquitofish Brook Stickleback Rock Bass Green Sunfish Pumpkinseed Bluegill Smallmouth Bass Largemouth Bass White Crappie Black Crappie Yel low Perch Sauger Wa 1 1 eye Iowa Darter Freshwater Drum
Summary
References
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
no
112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 131
11
^J
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
1. Major drainages in Montana. The area included in this report 6 is shaded.
2. Upper half of study area with all sampling sites numbered. 7
3. Lower half of study area with all sampling sites numbered. 8
4. Pallid Sturgeon 25
5. Shovelnose Sturgeon 27
6. Paddlefish 29
7. Goldeye 31
8. Mountain Whitefish
9. Rainbow Trout
10. Brown Trout
11 . Brook Trout
12. Northern Pike
13. Carp
14. Goldfish
33
35 37 39 41 43 45
59 61 63
15. Golden Shiner 47
16. Pearl Dace 4g
17. Creek Chub 51
18. Northern Redbellv Dace 53
19. Flathead Chub 55
20. Sturgeon Chub 57
21. Lake Chub
22. Emerald Shiner
23. Sand Shiner
24. Brassy Minnow 55
25. Plains Minnow/Western Silvery Minnow 67
26. Fathead Minnow 59
27. Longnose Dace 71
28. River Carpsucker 73
29. Blue Sucker 75
30. Small mouth Buffalo 77
31. Bigmouth Buffalo 7g
32. Shorthead Redhorse
33. Longnose Sucker
34. White Sucker
35. Mountain Sucker 07
36. Black Bullhead
37. Yellow Bullhead
38. Channel Catfish
39. Stonecat
40. Burbot
41. Plains Killifish
42. Mosquitofish
43. Brook Sticleback
44. Rock Bass
45. Green Sunfish
46. Pumpkinseed
47. Bluegill
m
81 83 85
89
91
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
l.J^fJ
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\^_,
48. |
Small mouth Bass |
49. |
Largemouth Bass |
50. |
White Crappie |
51. |
Black Crappie |
52. |
Yellow Perch |
53. |
Sauger |
54. |
Wa 1 1 eye |
55. |
Iowa Darter |
56. |
Freshwater Drum |
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
113 115 117 119 121 123 125 127 129
\^_ ^
IV
J
W LIST OF TABLES
Page
1 . Sampling Gear 9
2. Locations of sampling sites 10-22
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INTRODUCTION
Montana's streams have traditionally supplied water for irrigation, domestic and livestock consumption, recreation, and industry. But a new industry spawned by the energy crisis of the early 70's threatens to alter Montana's streams and streamflow to an even greater extent. In 1971, the North Central Power Study (North Central Power Study Coordinating Conrn'ttee, 1971) identified 42 potential power plant sites in the northern Great Plains, 21 of them in Montana. These plants, all to be fired by Northern Great Plains Coal, would generate 200,000 megawatts of electricity, consume 3.4 million acre-feet of water per year and result in a large population increase.
Energy development in eastern Montana will affect not only land use but the water resources of the area. Water will be pumped from streams and used to cool steam generators, heated effluents will be added; stream discharge patterns will be altered, run-off from strip mined areas will increase turbidity and change the chemical make up of many streams. Fish populations inhabiting the streams of eastern Montana could undergo great changes in species composition, distribution and abundance as a result of coal and energy development.
The objective of this report is to compile available baseline data on the distribution of fishes in southeastern Montana. Then, as decisions are made concerning resource development, protection of the aquatic environment can be adequately considered.
DESCRIPTION OF AREA
History
The first white men to enter southeast Montana were Pierre and Louis Verendyre and two other men in 1742, in search of a route to the Pacific. From the party's sketchy journals, it appears they entered the Yellowstone basin north of Miles City, traveling the Yellowstone, Powder, Tongue and Little Missouri River Valleys. Francois Larocque led another party into the area in 1805, a year earlier than the Lewis and Clark Expedition, pushed by the fears that fur trading activities would be affected by the planned expedition. When Larocque crossed the Powder River, he observed: "The current of the river is very strong and the water so muddy that it is scarcely drinkable. The savages say that it is always thus and that it is for this reason that they call the river Powder; for the wind rises and carries from the slope a fine sand which obscures and dirties the water." The Powder hasn't changed in the 185 years since Larocque visited its banks.
The third expedition and most famous was the Lewis and Clark Expedition. In the latter part of June 1806, the party split; Lewis returned via the Missouri, exploring the Marias River, while Clark explored the Yellowstone. Expeditions that followed were for mercenary reasons rather than the scientific purposes of Lewis and Clark.
The Northern Pacific Railroad came into the area from the east in 1881. Construction of military forts and the railroad brought cattlemen into the area. Irrigation developed slowly in eastern Montana, since the practice was not essential to most crops grown in the early days. Surveys for the Lower Yellowstone Irrigation Project were completed in 1902. Construction began in 1905 and initial water was available in 1909. And so agriculture remained the top user of water until "King Coal" threatened that spot in the 70's.
Physiography and Geology
The lower Yellowstone and Little Missouri basins lie in the unglaciated Missouri plateau. The majority of this area is classified as Northern Rolling High Plains, followed by Northern Smooth High Plains, Pierre Shale Plains and Badlands and Rolling Soft Shale Plains. Nearly all of this is a plains area of one kind or another - a factor that certainly affects water resources and the quality of these resources (Missouri River Basin Commission, 1978) .
Most of the lower Yellowstone basin is underlain by the Fort Union Formation, the remainder by the Hell Creek Formation. The Little Missouri drainage lies above the Montana and Colorado sedimentary rock groups. The Fort Union Formation was formed 50-60 million years ago in a vast shallow water lake. Broad swamps and lowlands supported thick forests which formed the base for extensive coal beds.
The northern most part of the lower Yellowstone basin came under continental glaciation twice. Prior to glaciation, the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers flowed north through Canada to the Arctic Ocean. With glacial advance, the north-flowing rivers were dammed, changed course and started their eastward flow across Montana in front of the ice and then southward across the Dakotas. Thus a new drainage pattern was formed and the continental divide (flow to the Arctic Ocean) was moved north. (Missouri River Basin Commission, 1978).
Climate
The climate of this region is continental with severe temperatures in summer and winter. Most precipitation falls during the April -September growing season which makes dryland farming possible. On the average, places near the mainstem of the Yellowstone receive 30-35 cm of precipitation annually.
River Basins
Yellowstone Basin. The Yellowstone River heads near Yellowstone National Park and flows some 1091 km to its confluence with the Missouri River in North Dakota. Of this length, 885 km are in Montana and 410 km
are within the scope of this report. Total watershed area is 182,336 sq. km with slightly over half of that in Montana (92,981 sq. km).
Flow regimens of the lower Yellowstone are typical of prairie streams with two peaks of runoff. The first occurs in late winter and early spring as a result of low land runoff from snow melt, followed by an early summer peak due to higher elevation snowmelt. Stream gradient in the lower basin is 0.53 m/km. Streamflows vary greatly from year to year, with an average annual discharge of 11.6 billion m3 (1.16 million ha-m) at Sidney. Extremes range from 13.3 m3/sec to 4502.9 m3/sec. Water quality is considered generally good above Miles City, while below Miles City dissolved solids and sulfate concentrations may restrict some uses of water. Total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity increase with progression downstream.
The dominant land use of the lower basin is agriculture with emphasis on irrigated crops. Irrigation returns result in an increased sediment load and concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS). The surrounding terrestrial environment is an impressive cottonwood-willow bottom land.
The lower Yellowstone River supports a diverse and productive fishery which is dependent on good water quality and adequate flows. A total of 46 species of fish representing 12 families has been collected in this reach of the river.
Tongue River. The headwaters of the Tongue River rise on the eastern slope of the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming and flow generally northeast through Montana to join the Yellowstone at Miles City. The length of the Tongue River from the Montana-Wyoming border to it's confluence with the Yellowstone is 337 km. Flow in Montana is controlled by the Tongue River dam. The dam, completed in 1940 for irrigation and flood control stores about 85 million m3 (8,512 ha-m) of water with a full pool area of 1416 surface ha.
Drainage area of the Tongue basin is 13,932 sq km, with 70% in Montana. Average annual discharge is 11.9 m^/sec, with a maximum of 377 m3/sec in 1962. Flow from the Tongue is generally less than 6 percent of the Yellowstone at Miles City»with its greatest contribution occurring in March.
The Tongue River basin is comprised of narrow stream valleys, plateaus and gently rolling uplands. Relief grows less rugged towards the mouth of the river. Major land uses are agricultural with cattle ranching dominating, followed by dryland and irrigated farming. Water quality of the Tongue is better than other prairie streams of the lower basin. TDS in the Tongue average near 500 mg/1.
Fish populations vary from a cold-water mixed population downstream from the dam to a slow-water assemblage near the mouth. Migrant fish from the Yellowstone depend on high spring flows to allow good passage.
I
Powder River. The Powder River basin drains an area of approximately 34,318 sq. km of northeast Wyoming and southeast Montana. Over half of the drainage is in Wyoming. In general, the Powder flows north to its confluence with the Yellowstone River near Terry. The river, including the South Fork, is approximately 780 km. Typical of prairie streams, the Powder is silt-laden and subject to erratic flow fluctuations with much of its substrate constantly shifting as bed load.
Historically, the Powder was much the same as it is now. Early settlers knew it as "a mile wide and an inch deep, too thin to plow" and too thick to drink." The river develops only shallow pools and lacks vegetation. Discharge averages 17.6 m3/sec, with an extreme of 878 m3/sec in 1943. The Powder is naturally saline and exhibits an average annual TDS concentration of 1100 mg/1. A major factor affecting the quality of water in the Powder is suspended sediment. Effects of the Powder on the Yellowstone are most pronounced during the peak prairie runoff in March and April. March flow contributions of sediment from the Powder have been noticed as far downstream as Sidney.
Livestock and irrigated farming are the dominant land uses in the basin. Fish populations in the Powder are limited in diversity and abundance due to water quality and quantity.
Minor Yellowstone River Tributaries
Rosebud Creek rises in the Wolf and Rosebud Mountains, flowing northerly some 326 km to its confluence with the Yellowstone near the town of Rosebud. It drains an area of over 3,100 km2 with an elevation drop of 530 m. Rosebud Creek has its largest average monthly discharge during March.
0'Fallon Creek originates in the rolling foothills southwest of Baker, Montana, flowing generally northward to it's confluence with the Yellowstone River near Fallon. The 0'Fallon Creek drainage is large, with the stream flowing about 212 km. The stream is considered intermittent with some reaches flowing year around. Water is sodium-sulfate burdened, with best quality during high flows.
Other minor creeks flowing south include: Greater Porcupine Creek, Little Porcupine Creek, Sunday Creek, Sevenmile Creek, Burns Creek and Fox Creek. The north flowing creeks include: Sarpy Creek, Armells Creek, Cabin Creek, Cedar Creek, Glendive Creek and Box Elder Creek.
Little Missouri River
The Little Missouri passes through a small corner of Montana; entering at Alzada and leaving at Capitol, flowing in a northeasterly direction. The Little Missouri River has highly erratic flows and greatly varying annual discharges. Water quality is poor to fair, with a sodium-sulfate content, very hard water. Turbidities are moderate to high.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Earliest records of fish in eastern Montana come from the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1803 to 1806. According to Brown (1971), many of their diary descriptions were inadequate for positive identification of species. However, the following Yellowstone species were credited to them: goldeye, longnose sucker, mountain sucker, channel catfish and sauger.
Scientific investigation of fishes in southeastern Montana was only an incidental part of the westward expansion until well into the twentieth century. The Pacific Railroad surveys of 1853-1855 collected several species which were sent to the Smithsonian Institute (Brown 1971). Additional collections were made in 1870-71 by the U.S. Geological Survey, followed by reconnaissance surveys under the direction of the U.S. Fish Commissioner in 1889.
Limited collections were made during the late 1950's and early 1960's by Dr. C.J.D. Brown and his associates while preparing the Fishes of Montana (Brown 1971).
Early interest and the high esteem placed on Montana's prime trout waters resulted in a scarcity of information on warm water fish until recently. Since Montana is nationally known as a "trout fishing paradise", the warm water species were ignored. Another factor was the greater difficulties encountered in sampling warm water streams with their more diversified habitats with larger and more varied fish populations.
Increased interest in coal and its rapidly expanding development in the early 1970's brought the prairie fishes into forcus. The earliest concerted sampling effort occurred on the Yellowstone River near Forsyth to evaluate possible impacts of water withdrawals for Col strip Generating plants 1 and 2. From there, sampling efforts expanded throughout the coal fields with extensive sampling being conducted on major drainages and many smaller streams as well. Ranges and distribution patterns of prairie fishes were clarified greatly with this sampling effort.
METHODS
Sampling techniques varied widely among the numerous references used in this report. Some of the sites were sampled in depth using electro- fishing gear, seines, gillnets and trapnets. More extensive sampling on some streams may find that sites sampled only with a dip net or small seine have a greater fish diversity than shown here. Table (1) lists the gear used for fish sampling in each of the studies used as a reference. Baited fish traps included hoop nets and/or home made catfish traps.
t
Table 1. Sampling Gear.
w
Gear
Electrofishing Boat
Boat Mounted Mobile Electrode
Bank Shocker
Gill net
Sei ne
Baited Fish Traps
Minnow Traps
Dip Net
Hook and Line
Literature Cited Numbers
4, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14
6, 15, 16, 20, 21
3, 5, 6, 7, 13, 17, 18, 21
3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21
4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16
4
5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
n
SAMPLING SITES
Figure 1 shows the major drainages in the state of Montana. The creeks and rivers of the southeastern portion of Montana which are covered in this report are exhibited in Figures 2 and 3. On these two maps, the location of each collection site is identified and numbered. A total of 253 sites are included. Table 2 lists the township, range and section of each site, where known; data references are indexed by collection site in this table. Stock ponds, reservoirs and other water impoundments where game species have been stocked in this area were not included as part of the distribution of these fishes.
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Table 2. Locations of sampling sites.
}
Site Location
Reference #
YELLOWSTONE RIVER DRAINAGE
1 Yellowstone River above & below Armell's Creek
2 Between Armell's & Rosebud Creeks
3 Above & below mouth of Tongue River
4 Above & below mouth of Powder River
5 Near mouth of Box Elder Creek
SARPY CREEK
6 S7,T6N,R37E
7 S30,T6N,R37E
8 S16,T2N,R37E
9 S21,T2N,R37E
10 S10,T1N,R37E
11 S33,T1N,R37E
EAST FORK SARPY CREEK
12 S12,T1N,R37E
13 S22,T1N,R38E
RESERVATION CREEK
14 S23,T6N,R38E GREAT PORCUPINE CREEK
15 S19,T7N,R39E ARMELL'S CREEK
16 S23,T6N,R39E LITTLE PORCUPINE CREEK
17 S30,T8N,R41E ROSEBUD CREEK
18 S16,T6N,R42E
19 S8,T3N,R43E
20 S4,T1N,R43E
21 S8,T1N,R43E
22 S34,T1N,R42E
23 S28,T1S,R41E
24 - T3S,R39E
25 S8,T6S,R39E
26 S22,T7S,R39E
,14, |
20 |
|
,14 |
||
,14 |
||
,14 |
||
,14 |
||
3, |
12 |
|
3 |
||
3 |
||
3 |
||
3 |
||
3 |
||
3 3 |
12
12
8 8 8
_/
■-•-._. ■
10
Table 2 Continued,
'-,
L»-
30 |
S7,T6S,R39E |
INDIAN CREEK |
|
31 |
S31,T6S,R39E |
NORTH |
FORK ROSEBUD CREEK |
32 |
S24,T7S,R38E |
SOUTH |
FORK ROSEBUD CREEK |
33 |
S30,T7S,R39E |
SWEENEY CREEK |
|
34 |
S22,T6N,R43E |
TONGUE |
RIVER |
35 |
S4,T7N,R47E |
36 |
S14,15, T7N.R47E |
37 |
S15,T4N,R47E |
38 |
S36,T3N,R45E |
39 |
S2,T1S,R44E |
40 |
S10,15,T2S,R44E |
41 |
S5,8,T4S,R44E |
42 |
S7,T6S,R43E |
43 |
S32,T6S,R42E |
44 |
S27,28, T7S,R41E |
45 |
S7,T8S,R41E |
45 |
S22,27, T9S,R40E |
Site Location ______^ Reference #
LAME DEER CREEK
27 S17,T2S?R41E 8 MUDDY CREEK
28 S35,T2S,R40E 8 THOMPSON CREEK
29 S26,T5S,R38E 8 CACHE CREEK
12
7
7
7
7
7
4,7
4,7
4,7
4,7
7
7
7
TONGUE RIVER RESERVOIR
47 -,T8,9S, R40,41E 7)12
11
Table 2 Continued
Site Location |
Reference |
TONGUE RIVER |
|
48 S34,T9S,R40E |
5,21 |
49 S29,T6N,R48E |
12 |
50 S35,T6N,R48E |
12 |
51 S7,T4N,R50E |
5 |
52 S30,T4N,R50E |
17 |
53 - T1N,R49E |
17 |
BEAVER CREEK |
|
54 S10,T1S,R45E |
12 |
OTTER CREEK |
|
55 S2,T3S,R44E |
4,12,18 |
56 S12,T3S,R44E |
12,17,18 |
57 S19,T3S,R45E |
12 |
58 S4,T4S,R45E |
4,12,18 |
59 S9,T4S,R45E |
12 |
60 S2,T5S,R45E |
4,12 |
61 S26,T5S,R45E |
12 |
62 S19,T6S,R46E |
12 |
63 S30,T6S,R46E |
4,12,17,18 |
64 S13,T7S,R45E |
12 |
65 S19,T8S,R46E |
^2 |
EAST FORK OTTER CREEK |
|
66 S16.T3S.R45E |
17 |
TAYLOR CREEK |
|
67 S33,T6S,R46E |
12 |
NORTH FORK TAYLOR CREEK |
|
68 S35,T6S,R46E |
12 |
SOUTH FORK TAYLOR CREEK |
|
69 -T7S,R46E |
12 |
COW CREEK |
|
70 S22,T6S,R45E |
12 |
INDIAN CREEK |
|
71 -T6S,R46E |
12 |
w'
12
Table 2 Continued
I
Site Location Reference
COOK CREEK
72 S25,T5S,R43E
HANGING WOMAN CREEK
(^ 83 S32,T6S,R43E 12
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 |
S18,T6S S18,T6S S5,T7S, S17,T7S S30,T7S S20,T8S S15,T9S S2,T10S |
,R43E ,R43E R43E ,R43E 5R43E ,R43E ,R43E 5R43E |
EAST FORK HANGING WO |
||
81 82 |
S20,T6S S29,T6S |
SR43E ,R43E |
LEE CREEK |
||
83 |
S32,T6S |
,R43E |
STROUD |
CREEK |
|
84 |
S2,T8S,f |
^43E |
BULL CREEK |
||
85 |
S28,T6S |
,R42E |
SQUIRREL CREEK |
||
86 87 88 |
S32,T9S S29,T9S. S14J9S. |
R40E R40E R39E |
YOUNG' |
5 CREEK |
|
89 |
- T9S,R39E |
|
LITTLE |
YOUNG'S |
CREEK |
90 |
- T9S,R39E |
|
SUNDAY |
CREEK |
|
91 |
- T9N, R47E |
4,12,18
4,12,18
4,12,18
4,18
12
12,17
12
12
12
12
12
12
5
5,12
5
19
19
10
13
Table 2 Continued
Site Location , Reference #
NORTH FORK SUNDAY CREEK
92 - T8N, R47E 10 LOUIE & SCOTTIE CREEK
93 - T9N, R43E 5
LONE TREE CREEK
5 9
13
94 95 |
- T10N,R43E S21,T11N,R43E |
MUSTER |
CREEK |
96 |
S10,T9N,R48E |
HARRIS |
CREEK |
97 |
S30,T10N,R49E |
CUSTER |
CREEK |
98 99 100 |
S18,T11N,R50E S9,T11N,R49E S35,T12N,R48E |
POWDER |
RIVER |
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 |
S3,T11N,R50E S8,T9N,R51E S30,T6N,R52E S17,T1S,R54E S3,T5S,R51E S17,T9S,R48E S36,T9S,R47E |
TENMILE |
CREEK |
108 109 |
S32,T11N,R51E S3,T10N,R51E |
COAL CREEK |
|
no 111 |
S29,T10N,R51E S3,T9N,R51E |
LOCATE |
CREEK |
112 113 |
S2,T8N,R51E S22,T8N,R51E |
13
13 13 13
15,16 15,16 15,16 15,16 15,16 15,16 15,16
13 13,16
13,16 13
13 13
w
14
Table 2 Continued
Site
Location
Reference #
C
SHEEP |
CREEK |
||
114 |
S36 |
,T7N |
,R51E |
MIZPAH |
CREEK |
||
115 |
S24 |
T6N |
,R51E |
LITTLE |
POWDER RIVER |
||
116 |
S29. |
T4S |
,R52E |
117 |
S32. |
T4S |
,R52E |
118 |
S27. |
T8S |
,R52E |
CROOKED CREEK
119 S33,T12N,R51E LOST MAN'S CREEK
120 S15,T12N,R51E CHERRY CREEK
121 S12,T12N,R51E
122 S12,T13N,R48E
BRAKETT CREEK
123 S23,T13N,R50E
124 S34,T14N,R50E
O'FALLON CREEK
125 S33,T13N,R52E
126 S30,T11N,R54E
127 S17,T9N,R55E
128 S17,T5N,R56E
WHITNEY CREEK
129 S31,T12N,R53E
130 S9,T10N,R53E
PENNEL CREEK
131 S6,T9N,R55E
132 S34,T10N,R55E
13
12,15,16
17
15,16
17
13
13
13 13
13 13
13,18 13,17 13
17
13 13
13
13
15
Table 2 Continued
Site Location Reference #
SANDSTONE CREEK
133 S6,T8N,R56E 13
134 S26,T8N,R57E 13
BAD ROUTE CREEK
135 S16,T13N,R53E 13
136 S24,T14N,R52E 13
137 S36,T15N,R51E 13
CRACKERBOX |
(TIMBER) CREEK |
||
138 |
S6, |
T13N, |
R64E |
CABIN |
CREEK |
||
139 140 |
S34 S3, |
,T14N F12N, |
,R54E R54E |
CLEAR |
CREEK |
||
141 142 |
S19 S35 |
,T14N ,T15N |
,R55E ,R53E |
CEDAR |
CREEK |
16
13
13 13
13 13
143 S20,T14N,R55E 13
144 S2,T13N,R55E 13
145 S20,T13N,R56E 13
SAND CREEK
146 S29,T15N,R55E 13 UPPER SEVENMILE CREEK
13 13 13
6
6
147 148 149 |
S34,T16N,R55E S36,T16N,R54E S10,T16N,R53E |
GLENDIVE CREEK |
|
150 151 |
S20,T16N,R56E S24,T15N,R56E |
KRUG |
CREEK |
152 153 |
S33,T16N,R56E S14,T15N,R57E |
;
9
Table 2 Continued
c
Site
Location
Reference #
GRIFFITH CREEK
154 S31,T16N,R57E HODGES CREEK
155 S9,T14N,R58E DEER CREEK
156 S5,T16N,R56E
157 S12,T16N,R55E
158 S6,T16N,R55E
159 S19,T17N,R54E
160 S10,T17N,R53E
COTTON CREEK
161 S4,T16N,R56E LOWER SEVENMILE CREEK
162 S18,T17N,R56E
163 S4,T17N,R55E
MORGAN CREEK
164 S5,T17N,R56E
165 S35,T18N,R55E
THIRTEENMILE CREEK
166 S35,T18N5R56E
167 S7,T18N,R56E
168 S20,T19N5R55E
BOX ELDER CREEK
169 S31,T18N,R57E
170 S18,T17N,R57E
171 S6,T16N,R58E
172 S8,T16N,R58E
173 S27,T16N,R58E
WAR DANCE CREEK
174 S2,T18N,R57E
13 13
13 13 13
13
13
13 13
13 13 13
6 6 6 6 6
13
17
Table 2. Continued
Site Location
COTTONWOOD CREEK
175 S11,T18N,R57E
176 S6,T17N,R58E
BURNS CREEK
177 S25,T19N,R57E
178 S32,T19N,R57E
NORTH FORK BURNS CREEK
179 S26,T20N,R56E SMITH CREEK
180 S3,T19N,R58E
181 S29,T19N,R59E
182 S36,T19N,R59E
DUNLAP CREEK
183 S27,T20N,R58E SHADWELL CREEK
184 S7,T20N,R59E
185 S24,T20N,R59E
SEARS CREEK
186 S27,T21N,R58E CRANE CREEK
187 S14,T21N,R58E O'BRIEN CREEK
188 S10,T21N,R59E FOX CREEK
189 S19,T22N,R59E NORTH FORK FOX CREEK
190 S20,T22N,R58E
191 S14,T22N,R57E
Reference #
13 13
13 13
13
6 6 6
13
13 13
13
13
13
13
13 13
_,
18
w
Table 2. Continued
C
4,
Site Location Reference #
SOUTH FORK FOX CREEK
192 S17,T22N,R56E 13 LONE TREE CREEK
193 S10,T22N,R59E 13
194 S36,T23N,R58E 13
195 S19,T23N,R58E 13
BENNY PEER CREEK
13
196 |
S1,T22N,R59E |
FIRST |
HAY CREEK |
197 |
S31.T24N.R60E |
198 |
S32,T24N,R59E |
199 |
S16,T24N,R58E |
FOUR MILE CREEK |
|
200 |
S23,T25N,R59E |
201 |
S11,T25N,R58E L R CREEK |
BEAVE |
|
202 |
S18,T16N,R61E |
203 |
S27,T16N,R60E |
204 |
S17,T15N,R60E |
205 |
S36,T15N,R59E |
206 |
S12,T14N,R59E |
207 |
S24,T14N,R59E |
208 |
S31,T14N,R60E |
209 |
S6,T13N,R59E |
210 |
S24,T13N,R59E |
211 |
S36,T13N,R59E |
212 |
S7,T12N,R60E |
213 |
S19,T12N,R60E |
214 |
S30,T11N,R60E |
215 |
S5,T10N,R60E |
216 |
S23fTI0N,R60E |
217 |
S36,T10N,R60E |
218 |
S4,T9N,R61E |
LITTLE MISSOURI RIVER DRAINAGE
LITTLE BEAVER CREEK 219 S11,T15N,R60E
13 13 13
13
13
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
19
Table 2. Continued
,. J
Site
Location
Reference #
HAY CREEK
220 S21,T15N,R60E
221 S33,T15N,R60E
LAME STEER CREEK
222 S9,T12N,R60E
223 S15,T12N,R60E
224 S23,T12N,R60E
LITTLE BEAVER CREEK
225 S34,T3N,R56E
226 S14,T2N,R57E
BOX ELDER CREEK
227 S17,T1N,R61E
228 S19,T5S,R58E
229 S7,T6S,R57E
NORTH FORK COAL BANK CREEK
230 S12,T2N,R61E HORSE CREEK
231 S23,T2N,R61E COAL CREEK
232 S11,T1N,R60E SPRING CREEK
233 S16.T1N.R61E
234 S6,T1S5R62E
235 S8,T1S,R62E
LONE TREE CREEK
236 S5,T2S,R59E DEAD BOY CREEK
237 S27,T2S,R58E
6 6
6 6 6
18 18
17
9 9
9,17 9
9
w
20
c
Table 2 Continued
Site
Location
Reference #
CORRAL CREEK
238 S17,T4S,R58E
239 S23,T4S,R58E
MUSKRAT CREEK
240 S4,T5S,R58E HAWKS NEST CREEK
241 S22,T5S,R58E WEST FORK T.L. CREEK
242 S23,T6S,R57E PORK CREEK
243 S8,T6S,R57E LITTLE MISSOURI RIVER
244 S10,T8S,R60E TIE CREEK
245 S31,T3S,R62E
246 S15,T4S,R62E
COTTONWOOD CREEK
247 S9,T5S,R60E NORTH BUTTE CREEK
248 S24,T7S,R60E COTTONWOOD CREEK
249 S9,T8S,R60E SEVENMILE CREEK
250 S27,T8S,R60E THOMPSON CREEK
251 S19,T9S,R58E
9 9
9 9
21
Table 2 Continued
DEADMAN CREEK
252 S19,T9S,R57E NORTH FORK THOMPSON CREEK
253 S8.T9S.R56E
.
Site Location Reference #
22
W"
FISH DISTRIBUTION
For each species of fish collected in southeastern Montana, there is a distribution map portraying the data compiled in this report. The sites at which each species has been collected are listed by number. A cross-reference between each site and the sources of information is available in Table 2. A reproduction of the map from Brown (1971) shows the former known distribution of each species in Montana. Common and scientific names of fish correspond to those presented by the American Fisheries Society (1970).
i
23
PALLID STURGEON
This species is apparently rare in Montana. It has been collected in the larqe turbid rivers of eastern Montana. The pallid sturgeon is classified as a fish of special concern in the state.
SITES: 4, 5
j
w!
9/1
Fiqure 4. PALLID STURGEON
[Sc.CLphJA.htjnc.huA aJLhuh
c
oc
SHOVELNOSE STURGEON
Although the shovelnose is found mainly in the Yellowstone River, major spring spawning runs on the lower Powder and Tongue rivers have been recorded. This sturgeon is not widely distributed in southeastern Montana.
Sites:
•5, 35, 36, 101, 102, 103
\
Figure 5. Shovel nose Sturgeon
(ScapkOthtjnchuA plaJtoh.ijnc.huA
C
27
PADDLEFISH
This species is restricted to large rivers. Their access to certain areas of historic spawning runs has been reduced by dam construction. A very popular sport fishery has developed around spring concentrations at Intake, collection site #5. The paddlefish is classified as a state fish of special concern.
Sites: 2-5, 35, 101
w
Wy^V
28
w
Figure 6. Paddlefish
[Polydon &pa£kixlci)
C
29
GOLDEYE
Goldeye are widely distributed throughout southeastern Montana. Although collected at only 17% of the sites, they are yery common in large streams and rivers.
Sites: 1-6, 18, 35, 36, 49, 50, 91, 101, 102, 106, 107, 115, 117, 125-127, 134, 156, 166, 177, 187, 189, 196, 203-213, 227, 233, 236.
\-IJ(J
mm
~r\-\ ■iZ-f ft — J
f#.
Ǥ
5«is
tf ■■<•■■
w
30
' ,.
Finure 7. Goldeye
[Hlodon aJLo6o-idte
c
31
MOUNTAIN WHITEFISH
u«
This species is common to the cold mountain streams of western Montana. It is rare in southeastern Montana due to a lack of suitable habitat. Mountain whitefish were identified at two sites on the Tonque River. Brown (1971) recorded this species from only one site in this area - Rosebud Creek.
Sites: 44 and 46
^
w
32
Fiqure 8. Mountain Nhitefish
(Vno&opi-ucm u)il.Limn£>o\%l
33
RAINBOW TROUT
Rainbow trout have been planted in many ponds in southeastern Montana as well as above and below the Tongue River Reservoir dam. A few individuals are caught each year in the lower Yellowstone River, but overall, rainbows are not common to the area.
Sites: 2-5, 42, 44, 45, 47
.
34
Figure 9. Rainbow Trout
[Salmo c\cuAdn<WA,)
C
35
BROWN TROUT
This species was planted in the Tonque River Reservoir (1958-1960) A few individuals are caught in the lower Yellowstone River each year. Overall, the brown trout is not common in southeastern Montana.
v
Sites: 2, 3, 5, 35, 45-47 and 146.
■\«*j
mMm
■&\
b&
v-4i
*?//
•M
w
-J'
7-pz
&WS
V^^-W^
:i^^/
^
)-
mm
m
ill
J
36
\ /
(^^
Fiqure 10. Brown Trout
[Salmo tmxttd)
37
BROOK TROUT
_
This species has been planted in a number of ponds in southeastern Montana. However, due to lack of suitable habitat, brook trout are rare in this part of the state.
Sites: 25, 30, 90, 190 and 195
J
'\^0
38
t
\^p,
Fiqure 11. Brook Trout
(SalveJLiniU) fioivtLnatU
39
NORTHERN PIKE
Northern pike have been widely planted in the ponds and lakes of southeastern Montana including periodic plants in the Tongue River Reservoir. As a result of these plantings, some stream dwelling populations have developed, Pike in the larger rivers apparently move into weedy tributaries to spawn in the spring. Some of these tributaries are used by the young-of-the-year as nursery grounds.
Sites: 2-5, 19-25, 35, 42, 45, 46, 47, 55, 73, 114, 127, 134, 147-149, 156, 157, 166, 182, 187, 189, 190, 192, 196, 198, 199, 204, and 236.
-_..„"
40
c
Figure 12. Northern Pike
41
CARP
The carp has a wide distribution in southeastern Montana. Its habitat preference for warm shallow waters with aquatic vegetation typically is found in many streams and ponds in this part of the state.
Sites: 1-6, 8, 9, 18-24, 34-53, 55, 56, 58, 63, 66, 72-76, 79, 80,
86, 87, 91, 97, 101, 105-107, 112, 114-118, 125-128, 131, 132, 134, 139, 141, 142, 147, 148, 152, 153, 156, 157, 159, 162, 164, 166, 175, 177, 179, 180, 184, 187, 189, 196, 204-210, 212-217, 222-224, 227, 233 and 236.
J
^y
E'HTrCn
&
%Jk
1 -i
rrr-
■-^te£s
M
<iMm&*3®&-
--,-
42
w
Fiqure 13. Carp
[CypAslivu o.ojvpi.0
L
43
GOLDFISH
This introduced species is rare in southeastern Montana, coexists with carp at all sites where it has been found.
It
w
Sites: 45, 47, 212, 222 and 223.
K'FiSfKSt waists
llllll
J
44
>v_^.
C
Fiqure 14. Goldfish
[CaAaAA-LuA CLUJUUtuJ)
GOLDEN SHINER
The qolden shiner has been used as a forage fish in stocking programs which may account for its sporadic distribution over the area. This minnow tends to be plentiful where found.
Sites: 6, 42, 45, 47, 55, 56, 58-60, 72-76, 78, 97, 125-127, 196, 227, 233, and 239.
w
46
Fiqure 15. Golden shiner
{tlotm-igonuA citj6ol£uccu>
C
47
PEARL DACE
We have no data to expand the known distribution of this species in southeastern Montana. Brown listed only one site on the Yellowstone River for the pearl dace.
Sites: None
w:
48
Figure 16. Pearl Dace
(SemoJUZuA moJtQOJxJjta.)
49
CREEK CHUB
This species is much more common in southeastern Montana than prior information indicated. Recently, the creek chub has been removed from Montana's list of species of special concern due to an awareness of their wider distribution. Specimens up to 29 cm long have been collected in this part of the state.
Sites: 50, 59, 60, 62, 81, 87, 98-100, 102, 108-115, 121, 123, 124, 125, 127, 129, 131, 132, 135-139, 141, 142, 144, 147, 148, 153, 154, 158-172, 174-184, 187, 189, 191, 193, 194, 200, 202-220, 227, 233. 234.
(' ' ' '.< ' ■ •'. }. .ii,/V\' >f7<
i4 m<vMJmi^;\m
mmmSmk
j
a
50
^
Fiqure 17. Creek chub
(Smo£<Lltju> aJyiomciculcuttii,
NORTHERN REDBELLY DACE
The northern redbelly dace prefers small slow- flowing creeks with clear cool water and abundant vegetation. It is not common in south- eastern Montana, but is often plentiful where found. Its distribution in this part of the state seems to be limited to a small groupinq of tributaries in the lower Yellowstone basin. Brown did not list any collection sites from southeastern Montana.
Srtes_: 158, 160, 164-172, 174, 175, 180 and 191.
'*mJ
52
Fiqure 18. Northern Redbelly Dace [FhoxinuA <lo&
53
FLATHEAD CHUB
The flathead chub is abundant in the prairie streams of south- eastern Montana; it is the fourth most common species in this report. Although widely distributed, the flathead chub is more common in the larger flowing streams than in intermittent creeks.
Sites: 1-7, 18-24, 35-42, 45, 46, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 63, 66,
73-76, 78, 86, 87, 92, 94, 96-112, 114-121, 125-129, 131-133, 135, 138, 139, 141, 143, 144, 146, 147, 150-154, 157, 162, 166, 169, 174, 177, 178, 180, 183, 186, 187, 189, 193, 196, 197, 203,204, 210, 214-217, 220, 227, 230, 233 and 244.
J
54
Fiqure 19. Flathead Chub
[Htjbop&Lk gfiacJUj)
55
STURGEON CHUB
This species is rare in Montana. It has been collected mainly in the Yellowstone and Powder Rivers, generally in areas characterized by moderate to strong currents over a gravelly substrate. Although widely distributed in the large rivers of southeastern Montana, the sturgeon chub is not common where found. This species is classified as a state species of special concern in Montana.
Sites: 3, 4, 5, 36, 101-107 and 169,
56
Figure 20. Sturgeon Chub
{Hijbopi>l& geJUda)
57
LAKE CHUB
The lake chub is abundant and widely distributed in southeastern Montana. It is found mainly in smaller creeks rather than in large rivers. It is the fifth most comnon fish in this report having been found at about 42% of the sampling sites.
,
Sites:
6-14, 18-30, 32, 33, 52-54, 56, 57, 60, 62-75, 78, 80-82, 84, 85, 87-90, 94, 100, 109-112, 116, 118, 121-129, 131, 132, 135-138, 142, 44, 145, 153, 154, 158, 162, 163, 165, 167, 168, 170-176, 179, 180, 184, 191, 194, 195, 210-212, 219, 227, 230 and 251.
J
58
Figure 21 . Lake Chub
L
c
59.
EMERALD SHINER
The emerald shiner is widely distributed in southeastern Montana. This species has been collected primarily from the lower sections of small prairie streams in this part of the state.
Sites: 6> 16, 18, 56, 73, 98, 99, 127, 133, 144, 150, 162, 173, 174, 177, 180, 183, 189, 193, 196, 213, 214 and 217-219.
"v_/
*%
w
61
Fiqure 22. Emerald Shiner
[UotAOp-U, <xtkQAAJAO-id.lt,
61
SAND SHINER
This hardy species is common in southeastern Montana and can be locally abundant. It was collected at about 26% of the sites in this report. The sand shiner has not been found upstream of the Tongue River in the Yellowstone drainage.
Sites.: 50, 56-59, 63, 75, 79, 80, 98-100, 106, 114-116, 118, 121, 125-127, 129, 131-133, 135, 139-141, 144, 146-148, 150, 151, 155, 158, 159, 163, 169, 173, 175, 177, 178, 180-182, 184, 186, 189, 193, 203-205, 207-218, 227, 233, 244 and 251.
|rnr
f>
8j ,
^Uif i V-> ■ "■"»-. i'K'R- ,M*\V ■'■-.A:.-- ",\ ■ v-,
«
w.
mm
$%
mi
■A .K'ri
. Y,
62
_-
^
Figure 23. Sand Shiner
63
BRASSY MINNOW
The brassy minnow is common in southeastern Montana. It was collected at about 1/4 of the sites in this study, widely expanding the known distribution of the species in the Yellowstone drainage."
w
Sjtes_: 34, 50, 56, 57, 59-61, 63, 67, 68, 75, 78, 80, 81, 83-85, 87, 89. 90, 96, 97, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 122, 124-127, 129-132, 136,' 137, 139, 142, 144, 145, 147, 148, 160, 166, 168, 171, 175, 176, 179, 182, 184, 187, 193-195, 201, 203, 205, 210, 213, 215, 216, 219, 230 and 233.
Is I ; • ' W3f> ::-;J WRWW7'^i Wh\^SMvl
*&
m
W-
m
a>
"5ȣ3
M*. ...
^
£M
KQl
%'
CPJ
g*:
itL
•i^r
m
w
64
I ,
Figure 24. Brassy Minnow
[fiijbognathuu> hankinAovil
^3
65
PLAINS MINNOW/WESTERN SILVERY MINNOW
The plains minnow and the western silvery minnow are combined since not all available distribution data differentiates between the two species. These species are widely distributed in southeastern Montana and are often abundant.
Sites: 2-6. 34, 36, 39, 40, 52-56, 58, 59, 66, 71, 73-75, 80, 91, 99-110.
Ill1,] 5"U?' !?73> 3S-1?!,' 133' 139' 141' 143-147> 15°-155» 162>'
169-171, 175, 177, 180, 181, 183, 186, 187, 189, 196, 202 203 205, 212, 214, 215, 217, 219, 227, and 233. ' '
i ■ .'..•STTi Si- ^
W5- rAr^V^
PLAINS MINNOW
r^r,
WESTERN SILVERY MINNOW
66
Fiqure 25. Plains Minnow/Western Silvery Minnow [HybogncLthu&l
c
w^^'
67
FATHEAD MINNOW
This species is widely distributed, and it is very abundant in southeastern Montana. The fathead is the second most common fish in this report, having been collected at about 64% of the sites. This hardy minnow is well suited to the extremes encountered in prairie streams where conditions range from flowing water to ephemeral pools.
_
Sites: 6-16, 18, 25, 78-81, 84-90, 140, 142-145, 169-177, 179, and 236-253.
27, 34, 38, 50, 53, 56-58, 62-64, 66, 72-76, 97-100, 108-116, 118, 119, 121-128, 130-137, 139 147, 148, 151, 153-155, 157, 159, 160, 162-166, 180, 184-187, 189, 193-197, 200-222, 224-234,
w
68
c
Fiqure 26. Fathead Minnow
(VimzpkatQM pnomoXaM
\
^^^
69
LONGNOSE DACE
This species is widely distributed and abundant in southeastern Montana. The longnose dace was collected at about 54% of the sites; it is the third most common species in this report. Although it occurs in a wide variety of habitats, this minnow prefers flowing water with a rocky substrate.
Sites; 2-7, 17-29, 31-34, 36, 38-42, 44-46, 49, 50, 53, 56, 58, 63, 64, 66, 70-75, 78, 81, 82, 84, 86-90, 94, 96-100, 102-106, 108-112, 114-116, 118, 120, 121, 125, 127-129, 131, 132, 134-144, 146-148, 153, 154, 158-170, 174, 177-181, 186, 187, 193-195, 197, 202, 204-207, 210-212, 227, 230, 235, 244, 245 and 251.
v ■-
70
Figure 27. Longnose Dace
[Uhinlchthiji aatcutactan
C
^
71
RIVER CARPSUCKER
This species is widely distributed and abundant in southeastern Montana. Carpsuckers are usually found in the pools and backwaters of the rivers and lower reaches of the streams.
Sites: 1-6, 18, 35-42, 45-47, 49, 50, 52, 55, 66, 73, 78, 91, 97, 98, 101, 102, 104-108, 110, 112, 115-117, 125-128, 133, 134, 139, 143, 147, 150, 162, 164, 169, 175, 183, 184, 189 and 196.
w
w
72
I
Figure 28. River Carpsucker
[CaApoZdeA c-cwp-lo
73
BLUE SUCKER
The blue sucker is apparently rare in southeastern Montana. Its distribution is confined to large streams and rivers. The blue sucker has been removed from the state list of fishes of special concern because of recent documentation of high population levels in the Missouri drainage.
Sites: 2-5, 35, 36, and 125.
ill:
J
-*
74
Fiqure 29. Blue Sucker
[CyzldptuA clongatuA
C
75
SMALLMOUTH BUFFALO
This species is not cormion in southeastern Montana. It was found at only about 6% of the sites in this report. The smallmouth buffalo has been collected mainly from larger streams and rivers. Brown (1971) listed one site on Rosebud Creek for this species.
Sites: 1-5, 35, 55, 110, 125, 127, 147, 150, 156, 166, 180, 187, 189 and 204.
J
^^
76
I
£
Figure 30. Smallmouth Buffalo lojtiobvJb buhtxXjik
11
BIGMOUTH BUFFALO
Although this species occurs throughout the Tower mainstem Yellowstone River, its distribution in the smaller rivers and streams of southeast Montana is limited. The bigmouth buffalo was collected at only about 2% of the sites in this report. Brown (1971) listed no sites for this species in southeastern Montana.
W
Sites: 2-5, 35 and 184.
J
>
78
Figure 31. Biqmouth Buffalo
[IctLobuA atjpfu.mll.uA
w
l^J-
79
SHORTHEAD REDHORSE
This species is widely distributed in the larger streams in southeastern Montana. It is locally abundant. The shorthead redhorse is the most common fish in the mid-section of the Tongue River, sites 40 to 43 (Clancey 1980).
Sites: 1-7, 18-25, 35-50, 52, 53, 55-59, 63, 66, 73-75, 78, 101, 106, 107, 115, 117, 125-127, 134, 147, 156, 166, 175, 177, 180, 184, 187, 202-213, 227, and 233.
>J
80
i
w
Figure 32. Shorthead Redhorse
[MoxoAtoma macAoldp-ido turn
81
L0N6N0SE SUCKER
This species is common in the cold water streams of western Montana. In the southeastern part of the state, the longnose sucker is found mainly in the larger and cooler streams.
Sites: 2-7, 16, 18, 35-47, 73, 86, 87, 116, 126, 127, 174, and 227.
J
82
Fiqure 33. Lonqnose Sucker
[CcutoAtomuA aatoistomu&
£
83
WHITE SUCKER
The white sucker is widely distributed and abundant in southeastern Montana. It was collected at about 73% of the sites in this report, ranking it as the most common species.
Sites: 1-10, 12-14, 16, 18-50, 52, 53, 55-69, 71-81, 83, 85-89, 97-100, 108-118, 121-139, 141-144, 146-148, 151-153, 156-172, 174-182, 184, 186, 187, 189-198, 200, 202-219, 222, 223, and 233.
<J
^
84
Figure 34. White Sucker
[CatoAtomuA corrtneJiAoni
85
MOUNTAIN SUCKER
This species is common in the Rosebud and Tongue River drainages, where it finds the cool clear waters it prefers. With the exception of these streams and the Yellowstone River, the mountain sucker is rare in this corner of the state.
w
Sites: 1-7, 18-27, 30, 31, 36, 38-41, 43-45, 49, 50, 86 and 163.
'Ml
i^2=i
J
86
Fiqure 35. Mountain Sucker
(Cato&tomuA platyith.ijnc.hiLi>
/■'
c
87
BLACK BULLHEAD
This species is widely distributed and abundant in southeastern Montana. It was collected at almost 1/3 of the sampling sites in this report. Habitats in which it was found varied from large rivers to pools in small intermittent streams.
^
Sites: 2, 3, 6, 8-10, 15, 18, 39, 40, 42, 45, 47, 52, 53, 55-63, 66,
72-76, 78, 86, 109, 113-116, 118, 126, 127, 140, 149, 153, 157.
160, 174, 175, 179-182, 198, 200, 202-204, 208-219, 222, 227,
229, 233, 234, 236, 237, 240, 247 and 251.
mmmMMmmk
v^^'
J
88
Figure 36. Black Bullhead
89
YELLOW BULLHEAD
This species is only about 1/3 as widely distributed in southeastern Montana as the black bullhead. It was found in combination with the black bullhead in 20 of the 26 collection s.ites in this report. Brown (1971) listed only one site for the yellow bullhead in this part of the state.
Sites: 36, 39, 40, 42, 45-47, 55, 73, 75, 111, 114, 153, 157, 175, 177, 180-182, 184, 202, 205, 210, 212, 214, and 217.
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90
Figure 37. Yellow Bullhead
' lc.taluA.ai> nataLLA
91
CHANNEL CATFISH
The channel cat is one of the major game fish in southeastern Montana. It was collected at only about 17% of the sites in this report, mainly in the larger rivers and creeks. Much of the sampling in the lower reaches of tributaries coincided with spring spawning migrations.
Sites: 1-5, 18, 35-38, 47, 49-52, 55, 56, 66, 73, 74, 91, 101-106,
115-118, 125-127, 133, 139, 147, 156, 166, 175, 180, 187, 189, 227 and 233.
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Figure 38. Channel Catfish
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93
5 TONE CAT
This species has a fairly wide distribution in southeastern Montana It was found at about 26% of the sites, mainly in flowing water over rocky substrates.
Srtes.: 1-6, 18-24, 35-50, 55, 56, 58, 63, 73, 74, 86, 97, 101-105,107,
IS: SK: ISS-^HsiS?3- 14U ,47- ,56- 166- w- ,81- 182- ,89-
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Figure 39. Stonecat
95
BURBOT
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This species is found in the larger rivers of southeastern Montana, It was identified at approximately 5% of the sites. The burbot is a popular winter and spring game fish in southeasten Montana.
Sites: 1-5, 18, 35, 36, 38, 101, 102 and 157.
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96
Figure 40. Burbot
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97
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PLAINS KILLIFISH
This species is more common in the lower Yellowstone drainage than was originally thought. Expansion of the knew distribution of the plains killifish in Montana has warranted the removal of this fish from Montana's list of fishes of special concern. This species has been collected mainly in small clear water creeks. The killifish is usually locally abundant where found.
Sites: 16, 92-94, 98-100, 121, 125, 129, 135, 138-140, 143-145, 152, 157, 158, 161, 162, 164, 169, 170, and 175.
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Figure 41. Plains Kill i fish
[fundntui kanbae.
99
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MOSQUITOFISH
Mosquitofish have been collected at Angela Hotsprings which is located at the head of Lone Tree Creek. The year round survival of Gambusia in Montana is restricted to waters with thermal influences.
Sites: 95
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100
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Figure 42. Mosquitofish
[Gambti&Za. oc^ajum
101
BROOK STICKLEBACK
This species is normally found in small, clear, cool streams. It has been collected mainly in tributaries to the lower Yellowstone and in the Beaver Creek drainage. The apparent distribution of the stickleback does not extend very far up the Yellowstone drainage.
Sites: 113, 136, 142, 150, 151, 153, 160, 161, 168, 174-176, 179, 182, 184, 185, 188, 189, 191, 195, 200, 201, 204, 210, 212, 213, 215- 220, 222, and 224.
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Figure 43. Brook Stickleback
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ROCK BASS
This species has been collected exclusively in the Tongue River and its tributaries in Montana. Rehwinkel (1978) collected rock bass in Clear Creek, a Wyoming tributary to the Powder River, entering the Powder near the state line. It is anticipated it will be found in the Lower Yellowstone River.
Sites: 36-48, 55, 73 and 86.
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104
Figure 44. Rock Bass
{Ambloptitu hupQJstAJji
GREEN SUNFISH
This species is the most widely distributed of the sunfish family in southeastern Montana. It was collected at about 26% of the sites in this report.
Sites: 2, 6-10, 12, 14, 34, 38-40, 42, 45, 47, 55, 56, 63, 66, 73-79, 81, 84, 90, 100, 102, 103, 108-110, 115-118, 121, 124, 125-129, 131- 134, 136, 137, 140, 157, 160, 175, 179, 182, 207-210, 212, 213, 215, 227 and 233-235.
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Figure 45. Green Sunfish
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PUMPKINSEED
This species has a scattered distribution in southeastern Montana reflecting it's wide utilization as a stock pond fish. It was collected at about 9% of the sites in this report.
Sites: 16, 34, 36, 42, 45, 47, 50, 55-63, 78, 79, 128, 148, 215, 216 and 246.
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Figure 46. Pumpkinseed
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109
BLUEGILL
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This species has a widely scattered distribution in southeastern Montana reflecting its utilization as a stock pond fish. At most sites it is found with other sunfish species.
Sites: 42, 50, 52, 74, 75, 78, 79, 81, 127, 194
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Fiqure 47. Bluegill
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111
SMALLMOUTH BASS
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Smallmouth bass were collected primarily from the Tongue and Yellowstone Rivers. The smallmouth population in the Tongue is thriving and with increased interest is providing excellent angling opportunities. Growth rates of the Tongue River smallmouth are comparable to Missouri smallmouth streams (Clancey 1980). Smallmouth bass have been used in stock water ponds in eastern Montana, but are not reflected on the map.
Sites: 2-4, 35-38, 41-43, 45-47, 55, 57, 73 and 194.
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112
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Figure 48. Smallmouth Bass
{ULcsiopteAuA dolomttuA.}
113
LARGEMOUTH BASS
This species was collected only on the Tonque and Yellowstone Rivers. Numerous ponds throughout southeastern Montana are stocked with largemouth bass; these are not shown on the distribution map.
Sites: 2-5, 35, 45 and 47.
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Figure 49. Largemouth Bass
[hiicA.opte.nuU> i>aXmot&oj>
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WHITE CRAPPIE
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White crappie were taken primarily from the Yellowstone and Tongue Rivers. Most of the sites from which white crappie have been collected have also yielded black crappie.
Sites: 2-5, 18, 36, 38-40, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 55, 73 and 182.
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Figure 50. White Crappie
[ Pbmox-lA annuZajuA
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BLACK CRAPPIE
This species has been collected mainly on the Yellowstone and Tongue Rivers. In most cases, black and white crappie were collected together.
Sites: 1-5, 36-38, 42, 44, 45, 47 and 73.
118
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Figure 51. Black Crappie
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YELLOW PERCH
Yellow perch were collected mainly in the Yellowstone and Tongue Rivers. The yellow perch has been stocked in a number of ponds throughout southeastern Montana. Ponds are not shown on this distribution map.
Sites: 3, 5, 41, 42, 44-47, 55, 73, 210, 212 and 223.
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Figure 52. Yellow Perch
[Vqaqjx filaveAcznA
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SAUGER
This species is one of the most popular gamefish in southeastern Montana. It has been collected mainly on the larger rivers and streams, Sauger are locally abundant offering great angling opportunities during spring spawning runs in Yellowstone tributaries.
Sites: 1-5, 18, 35, 36, 38-40, 42, 45-50, 55, 91, 101-103, 106, 107, 125, 156, 166, 187, 189 and 227.
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122
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Figure 53. Sauqer
[Stiz o& tzdion aanadnnitQ,
123
WALLEYE
The walleye is another important sport fish in eastern Montana, but is not as widely distributed as the sauger. This species was taken at about 9% of the sites, restricted primarily to the larger streams. Walleye have been utilized as a pond fish which is not reflected on the distribution map.
Sites: 2-5, 18, 35, 36, 45, 47, 50, 55, 73,189, 204-207, 209-212, 223.
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124
Fiqure 54. Walleye
[Stlzoi,tzdion vJJjiejum)
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IOWA DARTER
This species has been collected in the Little Missouri drainage
and on one tributary of the lower Yellowstone. The limited distribution
of the Iowa Darter in southeast Montana probably represents the extent of its westward range.
Sites: 194, 195, 204-206, 209-213, 215-219, 222 and 235.
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126
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Figure 55. Iowa Darter
[Ethe.o££oma zxaJLz)
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FRESHWATER DRUM
Freshwater drum have been collected exclusively in the larger rivers
in southeastern Montana. The five sites identified here illustrate its wide distribution along the Yellowstone.
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Sites: 2-5 and 35
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128
Fiqure 56. Freshwater Drum
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SUMMARY
In this report, fifty-three species of fish have been identified. Twenty-eight of these, more than half, have been collected at fewer than 10% of the sites. This suggests a wide variety of habitats or, at least, many discontinuous reaches of similar habitat. Both descriptions fit the waters of southeastern Montana. Fourteen species have been collected at more than 25% of the sites; of these only the fathead minnow, longnose dace and white sucker have been found at more than half of the sites. Considering the limited habitat available to the various fish species in southeastern Montana, extreme care must be taken where there is a potential for the degredation of aquatic resources.
Although this report updates Brown using the latest available data, it is not the final word on the distribution of fishes in southeastern Montana. The known distribution of some species will be expanded as more streams are surveyed and as more intensive sampling is done. Nevertheless, this report will assist state and federal agencies, as well as private industry and local governments, in making sound biological decisions concerning the protection of the fisheries resources in southeastern Montana.
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REFERENCES
1. American Fisheries Society. 1970. A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada. Third Edition. Washington, D.C.
2. Brown, C.J.D. 1971. Fishes of Montana. Big Sky Books, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.
3. Clancey, Christopher G. 1978. The Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates in Sarpy Creek, Montana. Master's Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman.
4. Clancey, Christopher G. 1980. Vital Statistics and Instream Flow Requirements of Fish in the M0NTC0 Mine Area of the Tongue River, Montana. Mont. Dept. Fish, Wild!. & Parks.
5. Elser, Allen A. Personal communication. Regional Fisheries Manager. Miles City Regional Office, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Miles City, Montana.
6. Elser, Allen A., Christopher Clancey, Lani Morris and Mark Gorges. 1978. Aquatic Habitat Inventory of the Beaver Creek Drainage and Selected Tributaries of the Yellowstone River. Montana Dept. of Fish and Game. Prepared for and submitted to the Bureau of Land Management.
7. Elser, Allen A., Robert C. McFarland, and Dennis Schwehr. 1977. The effect of altered streamflow on fish of the Yellowstone and Tongue rivers, Montana. Yellowstone Impact Study, Technical Report No. 8
DNRC, Water Resources Division.
8. Elser, Allen and James C. Schreiber. 1978. Environmental Effects of Western
Coal Combustion. Part 1. The Fishes of Rosebud Creek, Montana. Montana Department of Fish and Game. Miles City, Montana.
9. Gorges, Mark W. Personal communication. Miles City District Office, Bureau
of Land Management, Miles City, Montana.
10. Haddix, Mike. 1975. Aquatic Habitat Evaluation Study - Offstream Storage
Reservoirs. From: Yellowstone River Habitat Evaluation Attempt - Mainstem Impoundment Compared to Offstream Storage Options. Montana Dept. of Fish and Game, Environment and Information Division in cooperation with Department of Natural Resources and Conservation.
11. Haddix, Michael H. and Christopher Estes. 1976. Yellowstone River Fisheries
Study, Final Report. Conducted by: Montana Department of Fish and Game, Region 7, Miles City, MT. Environment and Information Division.
12. Hightower, Terry and Lani Morris. 1980. An Aquatic Resources Inventory
of Selected Streams in the Lower Yellowstone River Basin. Interim Report. Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Miles City,
13. Missouri River Basin Commission. 1978
14. Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks.
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15. Morris, Lani. Personal communication. Fish. Div., Fish, Wildl. & Parks, Miles City.
16. North Central Power Study Committee. 1971. North Central Power Study.
NCP Study Committee, Report of Phase I, Vol. 2.
17. Penkal, Russell. Personal communication. Fisheries Bioloqist, Department
of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Miles City.
18. Rehwinkel, Bruce J. 1978. Powder River Aquatic Ecology Project. Final
Report. Montana Department of Fish and Game. Prepared for: Utah International, Inc.
19. Rehwinkel, Bruce J. and Mark Gorges. 1977. Powder River Aquatic Ecology
Project. Annual Report. Montana Department of Fish and Game.
20. Schoenthal, N.D. Col strip Plume Fallout Area: Stream Biology Sampling
Stations. In_ Toxic Effects in the Aquatic Biota from Coal and Oil Shale Development: Progress Report - Year 1 Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State Univ. Fort Collins. July 1975-June 1976.
21. Schoenthal, N.D. Personal communication. Associate Professor of Biology,
Eastern Montana College, Billings, MT.
22. Schmidt, Dana C. Ph. D. 1977. The Aquatic Biology of Young's Creek
Ecosystem (Pearl Area). Prepared for WESTECH by Olson-Elliott and Associates.
23. Seaburg, Keith G. 1973. A summary of data collected from the Yellowstone
River in the vicinity of Armell's Creek near Forsvth, Montana, during i
sampling periods of March 29-30 and May 2-4, 1973. Montana Department of Fish and Game.
24. Wesche, Thomas A. and Lora S. Johnson. 1979. The Tongue River in Wyoming;
A Baseline Fisheries Assessment, Monarch to the Stateline. Water Resources Research Institute. University of Wyoming, Laramie. Prepared to Peter Kiewit and Sons' Mining Company and Argonne National Laboratory.
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