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DON'T VACCINATE
| YOUR HOGS |

the Failure of the Serum
Treatment
BY

DR. E. F. LOWRY, Veterinarian
OTTUMWA, IOWA

REASAS AGS AS SENS SSS

Hog Cholera and Other Hog Sickness and

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Don’t Vaccinate
Pour foes
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5

opyrighte
by
DR. E. F. LOWRY

PRICE $1.30
SENT POST PAID ON RECEIPT
OF PRICE

DR. E. F. LOWRY, VETERINARIAN
OTTUMWA, IOWA

VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE HAWKEYE PROGRESSIVE VETERINARY
MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF IOWA

Intaliable Colic Remedy

FOR

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By

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There is no question of more importance, or one that
is agitating the minds of the farmers in the great corn
belt and hog raising sections of our country today more
than, ‘‘ How are we going to combat hog cholera, or what
shall we do to save our hogs from the terrible devastat-
ing scourge of hog sickness that is sweeping over our
country today?’’ Within the last two years this ter-
rible disease has prevailed to such an extent that in some
counties in Iowa thousands of our hogs of all ages and
sizes have died. In some of the hog raising states of the.
middle west not enough hogs have been left to stock up
with for future breeding, and farmers are at a loss to
know what to do. Some have stocked up and tried to
start again, only to again loose all their hogs. Statisti-
eal reports taken from the Agricultural Department and
Bureau of Animal Industry, shows that the loss of hogs
by sickness in the United States the last two years is es-
timated to be over twenty million dollars, various meth-
ods have been employed to try to stamp out this disease
without any degree of success worth relying upon. Scien-
tists, veterinarians, and the swine breeders have tried in
vain to solve the problem of how to stamp out the di-
sease. Opinion as to the cause of the disease has been
divided as is also the best methods of treatment to stamp
it out.

I myself have been greatly interested in this matter
from a professional standpoint, having been in the prac-
tice of veterinary medicine in Iowa for the last twenty-
eight years and located as I have been right in the heart
of the great hog raising country, and in a_ section of

3

country where the losses from hog sickness have been
greater than many other sections. I have been much in-
terested in watching the results of the effort being put
forth from different sources to control or stamp out the
disease. For several years I have kept a close watch up-
on all systems of treatment used, also upon all experi-
ments or tests, to try to determine the cause of the di-
sease, as well as remedies prescribed to stamp it out. I
am sorry to say that at last the one system of treatment
settled upon as well as the diagnosis of the cause of the
disease seems to me to all be a miserable failure, and af-
ter watching in silence, but with hope that the effort be-
ing put forth by different departments of states, as well
as the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington, might
result in eventually solving the problem, and now after
almost being compelled against my will to come to the
conclusion that not only the diagnosis of the cause of the
disease 1s wrong, but the treatment as prescribed for the
eradication of the disease is wrong also.

I have at last made up my mind to give to the world
my opinion as to the cause of the disease, as well as the
best method to stamp it out. First I want to take up
the subject of hog cholera as I have studdied it by obser-
vation since 1862, and I believe I am right when I say,no
real hog cholera exists in the United States or has ex-
asted since 1877. Although the disease now killing so
many hogs is called hog cholera, I believe I am able to
show that the disease killing hogs today is not the di-
sease that killed so many thousand hogs from 1862 to
1877. I am nearly 60 years old. Was born and raised
on a big stock farm in Indiana. My father was one of
the big hog raisers of our section of the country. The
neighbors adjoining farms with us as well as others all
around us were good hog raisers. In 1862 our country
had an outbreak of cholera, and thousands of hogs died
all around us. My father never lost any nor did he ever

4

to my knowledge as long as he lived, ever have an epi-
demic of sickness of any kind among his hogs. Later
on I will tell you why. Now this outbreak of cholera
commenced in July 1862 and lasted until cold weather,
and no serious outbreak was noticed again until 1873.
This came and went pretty much as the outbreak in 1862.
Disappearing with the cold weather; appearing again in
1877. This being a mild winter and no_ severe cold
weather coming that winter until after the fore part of
January, hogs continued to die until up in January of
that year. Now I have seen thousands of sick and dead
hogs since those years, have seen them in all stages of
sickness, have seen them die all seasons of the year all
through cold winter weather as well as hot weather, and
I must confess to you frankly that I have never seen any
hogs sick or dying like the hogs of those years. I saw
in 1862, 1873, 1877 big fat hogs weighing 250 to 350
pounds sicken and die in from two to four hours; have
seen as many as fifteen to twenty sicken and die in one
herd in one day, and men who read this, who lived in
Ohio, Indiana, and eastern Illinois in those days | will
back me up in this statement. How did those hogs sick-
en and die? A big fat hog would appear well, would
probably be eating and all at once would begin to vomit
(throw up), then suddenly purging or violent discharge
of a watery nature pass from the bowels. Soon this
would turn to bloody discharges and in a few hours the
hog would be dead. Do hogs die with what is called
cholera that way in these days? If so I have not seen
them. In 1895 hogs began to die in Illinois, Wisconsin;
Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska, this disease
kept on through the fall and winter of 1895, 1896 and
1897, 1898, then for a time seemed to abate to almost a
complete abandonment then at different periods since
would break out again, and for the last two years there

5

seems to have been no let up either summer or winter in
1896.

While practicing my profession at Mason City in
northern Jowa, I made up my mind to try if possible and
find out what the real nature of the disease was that was
killing so many hogs all over the country, and if »sssible
get a remedy. I called to my assistance, C. M. C. Stew-
art, a druggist of Mason City (and a good well learned
druggist he was too) also Dr. C. E. Haines, a graduated
pharmacist from the Iowa University and we preceeded
at once to get busy, we went into herds of sick hogs in
several counties of southern Minnesota and _ nerthern
Iowa. We studied the disease in all its stages. We held
post mortem examinations upon hundreds of hogs. some
of which had just died; others we killed. In al! stages
of sickness, we made chemical analysis of the bleod and |
urine. We made microscopic examination of the bacilla’
and worms found in hundreds of the dead animals. We
made microscopic examination of the excretions thrown
off by the sick hogs in all stages of sickness. We ex-
amined carefully the conditions of all internal organs,
after killing hogs in all stages of sickness; also a great
many that had just died, we studied conditions under
which thousands of hogs lived and were fed. Sanitary
conditions, water, feed lots, change of feed, in fact every-
thing possible to assist us to get at the nature and cause
of the disease (or diseases), and we soon found the
causes and diseases many.

We tried many different mixtures of medicines, and
gave them in different ways to sick and well hogs in our
effort to get a remedy. Altogether during 1896-7 we
put in over 5 months of close hard work and study of this
trouble. At times we would be greatly encouraged with
the success we would have in some herds, and again
would seem to make an entire failure in another herd

6

with the same course of treatment, just as the failures
are made today in trying to check the disease by the
serum treatment. Now what was the trouble? Just the
same thing that caused us to fail, is causing the serum
treatment to fail now. What is it? Why I will tell you
where the trouble hes. We had not visited many herds
in our course of research until we made the startling dis-
covery that several different causes and diseases were
killing hogs in the same herd, and we soon found out that
we were up against a big proposition. The same condi-
tions exist today and the same things that we found were .
killing hogs then are killing them now. I have visited
several herds of sick hogs the last two years; quite a
number just recently. I have held post mortem on a
great many lately and I have found the same conditions
present that existed then. And to go into a herd of sick
hogs today and attempt to stop or even prevent sickness
in that herd by inoculating that lot of hogs with the so
ealled hog cholera serum alone, would be about as sense-
less an undertaking, as it would be for a physician to
start out and attempt to cure, and prevent all the bacter-
ial diseases the human family is heir to by the use of
diptheria antitoxin alone.

About the time we gave up in dispair and rested
from our labors along this line, the government at Wash-
ington got busy. Men were sent out by the Bureau of
Animal Industry under the instructions of Dr. D. E. Sal-
mon who was chief of that department at that time, and
a very competent able man he was too, these men were
sent into Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and I believe Kansas,
and were assisted in their work by veterinarians from
the state agricultural colleges and staff of the different
state veterinarians. I awaited with much interest the
reports of this commission. After spending several
months studying the hog sickness in these different
states, these men returned to Washingten and if a full

a

and complete report was ever made public I never saw
it, but in a year or so afterwards, 1899 I believe, the Bu-
reau of Animal Industry issued a bulletin, called ‘‘ Farm-
ers Bulletin No. 24’’ treating upon hog cholera and swine
plague. This is the first time the public had ever heard
of a disease in the United States called swine plague. On
the introductory page of this Bulletin No. 24, after
speaking of hog cholera, it then says the research of the
Bureau of Animal Industry conducted in the most thor-
ough and systematic manner and with the aid of all the
appliances of modern science, have shown that there is
another disease called swine plague, which appears to be
almost as common and fatal as hog cholera. These two
diseases resemble each other very closely in their symp-
toms, and it requires an examination of the internal or-
gans after the animals death, and in many casés a micro-
scopical study to clearly distinguish between them.

Here I wish to call your attention to one of the rea-
sons why the serum treatment has failed of its purpose
when injected into hogs; not only in preventing or cheeck-
ing the disease, but has been the cause of starting sick-
ness in many herds of hogs which has caused heavy loss
to those who have tried it. This I will prove before I am
through. Now in 1909 or after the claim was made that
a serum had been discovered that could be injected into
the hog hypodermiecally, that would prevent hog cholera,
another bulletin was issued by the Bureau of Animal In-
dustry at Washington, called ‘‘ Hog Cholera Bulletin No.
379.’? By M. Dorset, M. D., chief of the biochemie divi-
sion Bureau of Animal Industry.

On page 20 of this bulletin, we find these words:
‘‘The method of producing hog cholera serum is as fol-
lows: a vigorous, immune hog—that is one which has
recovered from an attack of cholera, or one which has
been exposed to the disease without contracting it,—is
treated with a large quantity of blood from a hog sick

8

of cholera. After a week or two (I guess any old time
will do), blood is drawn from the immune hog by cutting
off the tail. After standing for awhile the blood clot is
removed and the serum or fimid portion of the blood is
mixed with a weak solution of carbolic acid (that is ear-
bohe acid mixed with water that has been boiled) and
filled into sterilized bottles. We now have in this fluid,
portion of the immunes’ blood, the serum which will pro-
tect hogs from hog cholera.’’

Now then Dr. Salmon says in Bulletin No. 24 that
swine plague and hog cholera resemble each other so
closely in their symptoms that it requires an examina-
tion of the internal organs after the animals death, and
in many cases a microscopic study to clearly distinguish
between the two. Now what I want to know is this,
when one goes into the pen, and selects the sick hog and
eut off the tail, and takes his blood and injects it into a
hog supposed to be immune, then takes that blood serum
and injects it into a hog to prevent it from having hog
cholera, how does he know whether he is injecting a ser-
um that will prevent hog cholera or give the hog the
swine plague that he injects it into. Now then Dr. Sal-
mon tells us in 1899 that swine plague is a disease that
has its origin in the lungs. Dr. Dorset tells us the same
thing 10 years later, they both tell us also that hog chol-
era is a disease of the stomach and bowels. Swine
plague bacilla must be breathed into the lungs to pro-
duee the disease and kills the hog by producing acute
pneumonia of inflamation of the tissue of the lungs.
While hog cholera can be produced by the hog eating the
germ or by the germ getting into the body through a
wound or an abrasion of the skin. Now while the infec-
tion is produced in different ways, yet the results and
symptoms of the disease are almost identical, and the
best authority we have on the matter tell us there is but
one way to tell one from the other, and that is post mor-

9

tem and microscopic study after death, yet they take the.
blood from sick hogs in a herd without knowing exactly
whether he has swine plague or cholera and make a ser-
um and use it on other hogs, and the result is that thous-
ands that were apparently well before vaccinated, soon
became sick and died after they were vaccinated. Now
what of the cause of the two diseases? The men who
have made the bacteriological seach for the cause of
these two diseases, tell us they have found the germ for
swine plague and have made cultures of the germs, yet
have they made any effort to produce an antitoxin to
stamp out this disease which they say is as common and
fatal as hog cholera? No they have not. But what of
hog cholera on page 6, of Bulletin 379. Dr. Dorset says,
the germ or microbe which causes hog cholera is present
in the blood of sick hogs and also in the exeretions and
urine of the animal thus affected. It has been shown that
the disease can be produced almost without fail, by inoc-
ulating well hogs, with the blood or urine from sick hogs.

The germ which is in the blood or urine of the sick
hog is so small or else is of such structure that it cannot
be seen with the strongest microscopes now available,
this germ has never been cultivated in laboratories like
other germs, and we know of it only by the effect which
it produces. The germ therefore is classed as an in-
visible germ or micro-organism. (Dr. Dorset on page
6, Bulletin 379) now I want Dr. Dorset or some one else
who is an advocate of the serum treatment, to tell me,
if no one has ever seen the germ that produces hog chol-
era or has ever made a culture of these germs in a lab-
oratory, how they know it is a germ that produces the
disease, and if they do not know of its existence, the na-
ture of its breeding, and reproduction, the length of time
for its incubation and all other things about it, how have
they obtained an antitoxin or serum for its destruction?

10

And yet without knowing these things of so much
importance in obtaining an antitoxin, they tell us and
for 7 years have been trying to show us that they have
found the antitoxin for this disease, that will destroy
the germ that has never been found or seen by the best
scientists we have in our Bureau of Animal Industry, or
anywhere else. Have they proven their theory to be a
correct one to you, if so, I will frankly acknowledge they
have not proven it to-me, a theory may seem all right
until it is put to a test then if it fails to bring about the
desired results, there is something wrong with the
theory, and that is just what has happened with the ser-
um treatment for the last 7 years. There is no question
as to the existence of the germ of swine plague, yet no
effort has been made to produce a serum that will stop
the ravages of this disease, can you tell me why. I am
sure I do not know? Now the manner in which they pro-
duce this serum or antitoxin is contrary to every scien-
tific principal of producing antitoxins for all other germ
diseases, they tell us to take the blood of the sick hog,
inject it into another hog, then take the blood of that
hog, mix it with some boiled water with a little carbolic
acid in it, and inject it into well hogs and it will keep
them from getting sick. Yes and they have made a lot
of fellows believe it to their sorrow.

Now is this the way our sciencists have proceeded
to obtain antitoxin to combat germ diseases in the hu-
man? Let us see. Diptheria antitoxin is obtained by
inoculating big strong healthy horses with the bacilla
from persons affected with diptheria, then the blood of
these horses is taken through a system of chemical pre-
paration and the diptheria antitoxin is obtained. Now
- why not inoculate a well person with bacilla from the
person sick with diptheria, then the blood back from the
person thus inoculated and use it in people to cure dip-
theria. Experience has proven that if this course: was

q

pursued, that instead of destroying the disease in the
person thus treated, it would produce the disease in that
person.

What a small pox vaccine, do they inoculate a well
person with a small pox germ in order to get a vaccine
to overcome small pox? No, if they did it would pro-
duce the disease in every one thus inoculated. How do
they get it then? By inoculating the cow with the small
pox germ, and producing in the-cow what is known as
cow pox and at certain stages of the disease taking the
scabs from the pustules or sores and drying them, then
they are used to prevent small pox in the human, so it is
with the manner of producing antitoxins for all human
germ diseases.

What of tuberculosis, both in the human and animal?
The germ has been found, thousands of cultures have
been made of the tuberculosis germ, yet no antitoxin has
yet been obtained. Why not inoculate strong healthy
persons with the tubercle of the consumptive, take one
who has spent days, weeks or months with, and caring
for persons affected with tuberculosis and have not tak-
en the disease, and is supposed to be immune from it,
then take the blood of the person thus inoculated and use
it on healthy persons to prevent or cure them of tuber-
culosis, what would the result be? Every person thus
treated would perhaps have tuberculosis, yet they pur-
sue this course in order to get an antitoxin or serum to
prevent hog cholera.

Since beginning to write a history of this disease I
have discovered some more records of rather ancient
date. This was a clipping from a farm journal that I
came in possession of in 1897, when I was making an ef-
fort to get at the cause and treatment of this disease,
This article speaks of an outbreak of cholera among
hogs in the year 1833 in the state of Ohio, and is the first
record that we have of such a disease ever existing in the

12

United States, and it was given the name of hog cholera,
because it was supposed that the origin of the disease
came from hogs brought into the United States from
Europe, and because of that fact and the similarity of
this disease in hogs then, to that of cholera in the hu-
man, it was given the name of cholera. Now what was
this similarity, why an attack of cholera in the human
was noticed by a sudden attack of vomiting and purging,
followed by violent discharges of blood from the bowels.
People thus attacked only lived a short time, from 1 to 6
hours.

Now I have shown you that hogs attacked with chol-
era in 1862 and up to 1877 were taken suddenly sick and
died just like people in the early times. Died of cholera,
and it was a known fact, that the cause of an outbreak of
cholera in the United States, was the infection from peo-
ple who brought the disease into our country from some
European country. Now we have not had an epidemic
of cholera in people in the United States since 1873, al-
though up to within a few years, occassionally a case
would be discovered on board of some ship coming to
our country from some foreign country. But the cases
were put in quarentine at the port of entry and the di-
sease kept out. But how did they learn to combat and
keep out Asiatic cholera as it is called from our country.
Why, by discovering the germ and making cultures of it
in our laboratories, and this is so true, that almost any
physician of today can tell you all about how to make
culture of the cholera germ in any laboratory. But what
of the hog cholera germ? I have shown you that the
highest authority that we have in this country, tell us no
one has ever seen the hog cholera germ, even with the
most powerful microscope that we have. No one has
ever been able to make cultures of it in our best equipped
laboratories, vet it is a germ disease and that we have
discovered an antitoxin serum that will destroy it. Now

13

again, Dr. Melvin who was chief of the Bureau of Ani-
mal Industry at Washington, when he had Dr. Dorset
write this Bulletin 379, said on the introductory page,
this Bulletin is intended to take the place of Bulletin 24
of 1899 on hog cholera and swine plague, it having be-
come desirable to replace that bulletin with one enbody-
ing more knowledge gained from the laboratory and
field experiments which have in the meantime been car-
ried on by the biocnemice division of this department.
Now further Dr. Melvin says, the highly important dis-
coveries concerning ‘the cause and prevention of , hog
cholera have been more fully set forth from time to
time in the publications from this bureau, and it is now
well known that our laboratory experiments have proved
conclusively that the so called (note the so called) hog
cholera bacillus was not the cause of the disease, but that
the disease was attributed to an invisible micro-organ-
ism. He says now having disposed of this point, it became
our aim to devise some means of preventing the spread
of the scourge, and so Dr. Dorset, Dr. Niles and Mr. Me-
Bride of the biochemie division of the Bureau of Animal
Industry was assigned to this task, they have never pub-
lished to the world how they found it out, but after
awhile, presto.change, and the hog raisers of the United
States were told that we have discovered an antitoxin for
this awful fatal hog disease, and so for the last 7 years
they have been telling us the thing so strong that a lot of
our hog raisers have believed it, and a lot of them to
their sorrow, and a lot of them have said, yes I done it
once, but I will never do it again.

Now what have they accomplished, if anything at ail?
It has been to show to any reasonable, sensible thinking
man that not only are they up in the air as to what the
disease is, but they are all also up in the air with their
preventative. Why do I say this? Because of the fact
that statistic reports have shown positively that more

14

hogs have died by hog sickness in the United States in
1912-1913 than ever died in the same period of time be-
fore, and further than that more hogs have been vaccin-
ated with the so called hog cholera serum in these 2
years than ever before.

Now in the face of these facts we must admit it is a
failure, yes but some fellow will tell you that Bill Smith
vaccinated his hogs and a lot of other fellows vaccinated
theirs and didn’t loose any of them, that don’t prove any-
thing. | can show where hundreds of men haven’t vaccin-
ated their hogs and haven’t lost any of them either, and
at the same time their neighbors with only a wire fence
between them lost all theirs. I can also show you where
men who had no sickness in their herds at all, vaccinated
their hogs and soon they commenced to die and some lost
all, some nearly all of them. How do I account for this.
Why the man who lost after vaccinating probably had a
‘serum injected into his hogs that the blood which the ser-
um was made from was taken from a hog which had
swine plague, as I have shown you, this mistake can easi-
ly be made. Yes, but how about the fellow who had
them vaccinated and never lost any of them. Why the
blood that this serum was made from might have been
taken from a hog sick with the belly ache caused by
worms, and therefore it did no harm. I have seen hund-
reds of hem sick from worms and dying from 4 weeks
old pigs to old full grown hogs. Let us get down to
statements by some of our Iowa authorities on the sub-
ject, in the report of the Iowa state veterinarian. We
find that Dr. D. E. Baughman of Ft. Dodge one of the
-assistant state veterinarians was assigned the duty of
making the report on hog cholera and the result of the
serum treatment.in this state.

After other preliminaries on the subject Dr. Baugh-
man says, in order to properly understand the method
of using hog cholera serum it would be well to first un-

15

derstand the method of making it, in order to make po-
tent serum that has the power to protect hogs against
cholera, it is necessary to have cholera pigs to draw the
blood from, for he says it is impossible to make a potent
and reliable serum where pigs are used to furnish viru-
lent blood. With unknown form of virulency of disease,
as is done with some of the serum firms who depend en-
tirely upon the supply of their diseased pigs from the
markets of packing plants, oh! ho, then they are _ just
getting a lot of this serum from blood of hogs from pack-
ing plants.

Well there are about 50 concerns in the United States
who are manufacturing this serum and putting it on the
market, so they have to look to some place where there
is plenty of hog blood in order to get the material to
make it. I wonder after they get this blood where they
find all of their immune hogs to mix with, it seems to me
the way they are dieing off with hog sickness and the way
they are killing them off by injecting disease into them
it won’t be long until there will be none to either get
blood from or inject it back into. Dr. Baughman also
says one of the most important things to find out when
vaccinating a diseased herd, is to be sure that the disease
that exists in the herd is really cholera. This he says ean
only be done by holding post mortem, but sometimes
post mortem may not reveal the cholera lesions. Now in
this case you must guard yourself in giving your prog-
nosis, in other words, go on and vaccinate the hogs but
don’t tell them whether it will keep them from getting
sick or that they may all die after you vaccinated them.

Now in summing it all up Dr. Baughman winds up
with a lot of don’t, one of them is, don’t underestimate
the weight of the hogs when vaccinating them, you are
not liable to give too much serum, (no danger if you give
a bucket full I suppose he means by that.) But you
may give too small a dose, now wouldn’t that jar you,

16

jt must be a queer decoction that you can’t give too much
of it. In the use of antitoxins for diseases of the human,
all antitoxins are standardized before they are sent
out and positive instructions are given not to give only
just so much for a dose.

Again one of Dr. Baughmans don’t says, Don’t give
your patrons too much encouragement when you are
vaccinating their hogs. I suppose he means by that, if
you give them too much encouragement and they all die
after you vaccinate them they may be disappointed. Now
I can show that hogs have died by thousands after they
were vaccinated, many of them not even showing any
sickness of any kind before being vaccinated.

Now in all of their scientific teaching by bulletin
from the Animal Industry, from different state depart-
ments and other sources high up in this work, they have
never said much to us about the worms that infest the
hog, or the danger of disease arising from those worms
in the hog. Now during the time I was trying so hard
for several long months to solve this problem, at almost
every post mortem I was confronted with the fact, that
these hogs that were dieing, almost in every instance
were found to be full of worms of some kind, and we
found that in many herds of hogs several different di-
sease were killing hogs in one herd. We found worms
in the lungs and hogs dying of pneumonia. We also
found hogs dying of pleuro pneumonia. We found sev-
eral cases of typhoid fever in several herds, this has been
reported to be true of several instances within the last
year in our state, where disease of typhoid fever was
positively known to exist in several herds that were die-
ing in our state. We found pigs 4 weeks old with their
intestines bursting open with worms. We found the
same condition to exist in hogs older and larger, in all
we found that the hog was infested with eleven different
kinds of worms. Now I will tell you the different kinds

17

of worms that we have found in the hog: first the lung
worm, this worm is from 1 to 1 1-2 inches long when full
grown, they are very small and thread like; this worm is
taken into the lung by the hog breathing the germs from
the dust of the filthy pens and feed lots; it 1s found in no
other part of the hog but the lungs and air passages, and
is very fatal in its effects. The pin worm is a_ small
thread like worm from 1-2 inch to 1 inch in length and
are found in the stomach, colon and rectum of the hog,
but not much in the small intestines. The thornhead
worm is of a blueish white color, and are from three to
fifteen inches in length and have a small pointed head
and nose on which are several circles of small hooks.
They live in the small intestines and live by fastening
themselves to the mucous membrane lining the intestines
and bore into the intestines and suck from the primary
circulation the food taken from the chyle. They
sometimes bore clear through the intestine and migrate
to other parts of the body, when they take a notion to do,
thus one of these worms will kill a large, full grown hog.
The giant kidney worm, these worms will grow from 2 to
3 feet in length, the male is much smaller than tlie fe-
male, usually about half the size of the female, some-
times you see a hog broke down in the hind parts and
apparently paralized in the hind parts, the giant kidney
worm is the cause of this trouble. The long thread
worm is found most generally in the colon or large in-
testine, they live frequently buried in the lining of the
intestine and often kill the hogs by causing inflamation
and rotting of the tissue of the intestine. The lumbri-
coid, or large worm so common in hogs is of a yellowish
brown color, the male is the smaller of these worms and
is from 6 to 8 inches in length, while the female when
full grown is from 12 to 15 inches long, thus worms are
found throughout the entire digestive system, anywhere
from the stomach to the rectum, and never accumulate in

18

the hog until he is crowded on foul feed and becomes
constipated. They accumulate very rapidly and are of-
ten found in the hog by thousands, in fact to such an ex-
tent as to bore clean through the intestines and often
cause rupture of the intestines.

The Diesing worm is a small worm from 1-2 inch to
1 inch in length, the body of the worm is of a dark brown
color, and the surface is marked with transverse creases.
The mouth is the shape of the mouth of a sucker fish, be-
ing circular in shape and contains about a half dozen
teeth by which it fasteiis itself to the lining of the intes-
tines and live by sucking its food from the circulation
therein. The red rud worm , or stomach worm, this
worm is from 1-2 to 1 inch in length, the female of this
worm is smaller than the male, which is different from
most all the other species of worms, the male in others is
most generally the smallest. It is larger in the middle
and tapers to a point at each end, the head is small and
smooth. This worm is only found in the stomach of the
hog, hence the name stomach worm. The white rud
worm is of a slender thread like shape and only about
1-2 inch in length and is of a very peculiar form, the head
is of a very peculiar shape and has about six layers of
tender skin around it, resembling something lke
wrinkles or layers, the tail of the female is long and
slender and runs out to a sharp point, this worm is
found in both small and large intestines.

The tape worm, this worm is found in the hog, the
dog, sheep, and the human. It is a flat jointed worm, in
width from 1-4 to 1-2 inch, it is joined together in short
joints or sections, sometimes attaining a length of 80 to
130 feet, both in the animal and the human.

The cause of this disease in the human is attributed
to the eating of raw pork, as the hog is the animal found
to be affected with the tape worm more than any other
animal, the dog comes next and the cause of it appearing

19

so often in the dog is the fact that dog is fed raw pork
so much and is allowed to eat from raw bones of pork.
Trichina (Trichina spiralis) is the name given to all
small spiral shaped worm that inhabits the flesh of the
hog, and if a person should eat of pork not well cooked,
affected with Trichina, it would produce in the human a
disease very fatal in its attack, known as Trichinosis.
They are found however, in the intestines of the hog, the
female being the larger and longer of the two, and meas-
ures about 1-2 inch long when full grown, the male is
much smaller, perhaps about 1-2 inch in size. These
small parasites as soon as they are hatched out, bore
through to the heavy solid muscle of the hog and live out
their life in the flesh, for this reason all hog meat should
be well cooked before it is eaten.

Now then do you wonder at the hog being so much
addicted to disease and attacks of fatal sickness. No,
this is not to be wondered at, when we must take into
consideration that the hog is the scavenger of the earth,
and is the only animal that will exist off the droppings
of other animals, the manner in which he is kept, lives,
eats, sleeps, breathes over, and in his own filter, as well
as the filth of other animals, makes him by nature sus-
ceptible to all manner of disease. The next nearest to
the hog in its manner of living by eating of every thing
that is impure is the chicken, and the chicken comes next
in the production of internal parasites.

Now I will give you my opinion as to the nature of
this hog sickness that is killing so many hogs. The lung
worm, working in the lungs are killing as many hogs as
anything else, then comes the next fatal sickness, now
called hog cholera. What is this, it is other classes of
worms I have told you of? Simply intestinal septic in-
fection of the bowels, caused by the toxic poison thrown
off by the breeding, living, developing and living out
their full period of life within the body and internal or-

20

gans, of these worms in the hog post mortem after death
of a hog said to have died of cholera shows a diseased
condition of almost all internal organs. They tell us of
red spots along the mucous membrane lining the intes-
tines. Those same red spots on the liver and other in-
ternal organs, some places these spots slightly ulcerated.
Now I have seen this condition in hundreds of dead hogs,
where they had died of lung worms and intestinal worms
at the same time, if the hog dies of pneumonia from the
lung worm alone these spots may not show in the intes-
tines and on the liver. They tell us of the symptoms of
cholera after death, is the different colors, of the skin of
the outside of the hog which will show red, blue, purple
etc. Now if the hog lives very long after getting sick,
(and these days many of them do not die suddenly,) the
fever that is always present in all of these attacks, let
the cause be lung worm or toxic poison or what it may,
this condition of the skin after death is the result of the
fever reaching such a high stage before the animal dies,
and the weakened condition of the heart fails to carry
the congested blood back from the capilaries, or small
veins of the skin just prior to death, and this outside ap-
pearance of the skin after death don’t indicate only one
sure thing and that is that the animal did sure have a
run of fever that reached a high temperature just prior
to death.

Now I have given you my opinion of the cause and
nature of all this fatal sickness, and I believe I am right.
Time will surely tell if I am right or wrong. I think the
last 7 years has proven that the existence of hog cholera
is not what is killing so many hogs, and that the way to

prevent and stamp it out is by the serum treatment, is
fearfully wrong and has proved to be a miserable fail-
ure. Now what of the cure or preventative, as to cure

2|

when the lung worms get into the hogs and produce the
disease there, most of them die.

When the hog is full of intestinal, stomach and other _
worms, that is sapping the life out of him, assisted by a
high fever which this diseased condition and toxic poison
has produced, most of them die, some after days and
even weeks. By the resistance of a strong vigorous con-
stitution and proper care, some will stem the tide and
live through. But as to the application of remedies after
the disease has made its onslaught upon the herd they
have all proved to be of little avail. What then? Why .
we must resort to preventative measures, one ounce of
preventatives in this case is worth more than a wagon
load of cure. How can we prevent it? By strict, sani-
tary measures, clean feed, lots of clean water, clean feed
troughs, clean, dry places to sleep, and not allow to many
to sleep in one place. Don’t allow them to sleep on ma-
nure piles or under barns or stables. This is the great-
est source of breeding diseases in hogs in the world.
Keep them free from lice at all sizes and ages, don’t al-
low them to eat on the same spot long at a time, this
causes them to eat and breath germs produced from
their own excretions and filth, and how can you expect
them to keep healthy in this way? Change the feeding
spot often, have them sleep on solid board or cement
floors. Keep them clean too, and spray the floors and
sides of the building with warm water and any of the
sheep dips or carbolic acid compounds, a_ spray
pump don’t cost very much, and-at all sizes, ages and
seasons of the year feed a good tonic powder, one that
contains a laxative to keep the bowels gently open (as
constipation lays the foundation for more diseases, both
in the animal and the human, than any other one cause.)

Always feed a powder that contains a_ diuretic to
keep the kidneys gently active, so that the urine is ex-
pelled from the body before the body ean absorb the

Ze

poison from the urine, and above all feed a powder that
contains plenty of worm destroyer, and commence to
give this as soon as the little pigs are large enough to
_ get up to a little trough and drink swill or slop. This
swill should be made of chop, such as bran with some
ground oats, or rich midlings, and for pigs is always
best to have sweet skimmed or whole milk mixed in it.
Powder can be given easily in this, as it can be evenly
mixed as to right quantity for number at one time and
they will always eat readily.

By this method of starting with the pig, you start
him off right and keep him healthy and if you keep this
method up, when the proper time comes you will turn
him into good, pure, healthy, profitable pork. I have ad-
_ vised hundreds of my patrons and friends to care for
their hogs in this way and have never known it to fail
one of them in my life. As I told you early in my book,
that my father was one of the biggest and most success-
ful hog raisers in all our country. in Indiana and lived
to be 73 years old and never had an epidemic of sickness
among his hogs to my knowledge in his life and I heard
him say this late in life often, now that was the way he
took care of his hogs and this was the reason they were
always healthy, and others who did not pay attention to
these things, were loosing hogs all around him, while his
were thrifty, healthy and grew into the pork barrel rap-
idly.

I have talked with some of the most successful hog
raisers in different sections and they have told me they
never lose any hogs and that is the course they pursue,
(Reader please pardon me for géing back over my
ground a little) since writing this far on this subject, I
have come in possession of a bulletin issued by the Ab-
bott Alkaloid company, who have extensive laboratories
at Ravenswood, Chicago, Illinois. These people have
one of the best equipped plants and laboratories for the

23

manufacture of antitoxines and other preparations in
the world, and employ some of the best bacteriologist
and chemists in the world, and their preparations are
considered of the highest stand by physicians and scien-
tists all over the world. In this last bulletin just issued
by them, I read an article on bacterial diseases by one of
their most scientific men. This is as follows: When bac-
teria were first discovered to be the primary cause of so
many diseases, there was much speculating as to how
these minute organisms produced their ill effects. At
first these were said to be due to blocking the capillaries,
but such action was disproved, it was then thought that
the harmful effects of bacteria were due to their using up
all the nutriment in the circulating blood, and_ thus
starving the tissues. It was only after an immense
amount of research that it was discovered that the path-
ogenicity of bacteria is due to the posionous products of
toxins which they produce, that the toxins responsible
for most diseases and disease-symptoms are due to two
distinct sources, one the specific infection and the other a
concomitant infection was a discovery of even more re-
cent date and one which is not yet fully appreciated by
all practitioners.

Yet these two kinds of poisons are nearly always
present in every infectious disease working hand in hand
for the disability of the animal or the destruction of it.
One class originates in the specific germs of the disease,
the other in putrefactive or fermentative organism with-
in the intestines. For instance the tetamus (lock jaw
germs) kills by its living and feeding upon the nerves,)
while the worms and “parasites of the digestive organs
kills by the toxic poisons they throw off as I have shown
you, is the cause of hog sickness that is now called hog
cholera (by some).Normally he says a great many bac-
teria inhabit the intestinal canal, and some of these may
have an important function to perform in digestion.

24

During health, their development is held in check by the
antiseptic action of the intestinal secretions, during di-
sease their control is one of the most important consid-
erations in treatment, and for this reason large numbers
of intestinal antiseptics are used. Now what do we get
from this? The idea is this: if we feed a good tonic and
antiseptic powder to our hogs at all times, if any toxic
poison is thrown into the bowels by worms or other
causes it will do no harm, besides no worms or parisites
will accumulate there to produce toxic poison. I find
other men who have studied these hog diseases, are of
the same opinion as myself. I quote from the lJowa
Homestead, a scientific farm journal that is almost al-
ways good authority on farm and stock subjects, in an
article of recent date that appeared in that journal it
reads as follows: We do not desire to place ourselves
on record as believing that hogs that are free from inter-
nal parisites,cannot take any of these deadly diseases,but
on the other hand we have no hesitation in saying that
nine-tenths of the trouble that occur in hogs is due, first
to a weakness of the constitutional powers on account of
the ravages of worms. Where this is the seat of trouble,
no system of inoculation or vaccination will for a single
day arrest the coming on of this profit destroying scour-
ge, and the lesson to be learned from this is that more
attention must be given to the problem of destroying
worms while pigs are young if we ever hope to head off
these heavy losses or popularize the efficacy of the ser-
um treatment. Hogs are in the very necessity of the
ease kept under artificial conditions at the present time.

Generally speaking they are confined in small
quarters and this is most favorable for the development
of parasitic troubles, this being the case we believe that
there is not a single set of conditions under which hogs
are kept found in the grain belt that will justify swine
breeders in their failure to administer worm remedies

Za

regularly, beginning just as soon as the pigs are old.
enough to take feed from the trough, if a beginning is
made them, and is kept up at intervals of ten days or
two weeks, until the pigs are half grown, the probabil-
ities are that there will be no more trouble from _ that
source, and if worms are eliminated, we have no _ hesi-
tation in saying that nine-tenths of the thumping will be
stopped, the fever will be almost wholly checked, and the
way will be paved, in an ideal fashion to stop and pre-
vent disease.

Now Mr. Iowa Homestead, you have said the whole
thing. You have certainly spoke right out in meetin,
and I am glad to know that your great good farm journ-
al is wise to the situation like myself, and are not afraid
to tell the hog raiser so.

Now I have told you some of the things to do to keep
your hogs healthy, and prevent disease. Now I will tell
you some of the things not to. Don’t allow your hogs
to have to feed on the same spot long at a time, change
the feeding spot often. Don’t allow very many hogs to
sleep together, if you do in cold weather they will pile up
and the hogs underneath will get too hot, and when fed
will get too cold before done eating, this may start pneu-
monia and other fever in the herd. Don’t allow them
to sleep on manure piles, or under stable floors, or barns,
these places are the hot bed of all classes of dangerous
germs. Don’t feed tankage without other balancing
ration, corn, midlings or bran should be mixed with tank-
age. Never feed hogs long on slop or swills alone, al-
ways add to this a ration once a day of corn or midlings
or bran swill. If bran is added to the slops each day, it
will do, if hogs seem dumpish or off feed, let up on the
quantity and if on full slop feed, leave that off entirely
until they get right again. Don’t allow them to sleep
in a damp place or where a draft can blow through the
building on the hogs. It is best to have at least three

26

sides closed up, but high windows or openings for
ventilation. Don’t allow your hogs or pigs to get lice
on them, hog lice are easily killed by any of the dip prep-
arations, and they are cheap and easy to get.

Keep the floors where hogs sleep, clean and fleors
and inside of building should be sprayed once a week the
year around, spray pumps and dips are cheap.

Don’t breed gilts too young, and if very young don’t
breed to too large or old a boar. Don’t keep sows too
fat at time of breeding them, or to fat when due to far-
row. Always give sows nearing time to farrow, plenty
of exercise and laxative food, never allow your hogs to
be compelled to eat corn out in the mud, give them clean
dry places to eat their food. If hogs are fed on one
spot long the cobs should be raked off of the spot once
a week and burned, and sulphur and air slacked lime
sprinkled all over the ground where they eat after raking
over and burning the cobs. Sulphur is cheap and valu-
able in keeping diseases away.

Now why have I taken the stand I have on this mat-
ter. Simply because after my thorough study of this sick-
ness in 1896-1897, as I have told you about, the things I
learned in that campaign of research and what I have
learned since, by watching the ravages of this sick-
ness, and noting the results, both of the spread of the
disease and effort to stamp it out, has proven to me that
a cure for sick hogs by the serum treatment is based up-
on a wrong theory, and has not, nor ever will accomplish
the desired result. But why has it become so popular?
By the serum manufacturers continually boosting the
serum treatment and a lot of veterinaries boosting for
it to make money out of it, and the people have been edu-
eated up to it in that way. These boosters have had
misleading articles published in papers deceiving the
people all the time.

_ Here is one sent out from Washington a few days

ye

ago, and these are sent out for just the purpose to fool
the people. William B. Niles, an expert in the Bureau
of Animal Industry, will go to Marshalltown, Iowa next
Saturday to address a public meeting of farmers of that
county and to give a demonstration of the use of hog
serum in fighting cholera. Experts previously had been
sent to Dallas county and had been successful in combat-
ting the disease in that county.

Now this Mr. Niles is one of the men who helped to
discover this wonderful pig tail serum, and I expect he
will tell the farmers some wonderful tales of the hogs
he has saved, but not the devil of a word will he say of
the thousands it has killed. Now as to this wonderful suc-
cess these experts had in stamping out the disease in
Dallas county, I will tell you about it.

Last June the Bureau of Animal Industry at Wash-
ington sent two men to Dallas county, and one man from
the staff at Ames college was also sent, also one man
from the state vetinary staff making four men in all, to,
as they said, show that hog cholera could be eliminated
if proper use of serum was made closely by sections.
The coming of these men from Washington was herald-
ed by big newspaper articles, as was also their arrival
in Dallas county. Big articles were published in the
Capitol and other newspapers of the wonderful things
they intended to do to the hog disease in Dallas county.
I watched all summer closely for some report of their
wonderful success, if one was ever made I have never
seen it. But I have seen numerous articles in the pa-
pers of how hogs were dying all summer and fall in Dal-
las county. So becoming impatient one day this fall
when in Des Moines I called in at the state veterinarians
office on business and while there I asked about the work
in Dallas county, and was told the experiments (see ex-
periments) were still being carried on out there yet,
but no final report had yet been made. The next day: an

28

article appeared in the Des Moines Register and Leader,
Oct. 9, 1913, which said, there has not been enough cold
weather yet to check hog cholera, says Dr. J. I. Gibson,
state veterinarian yesterday, the losses from this di-
sease in the last year will exceed more than 12 million
dollars. If the experiments in Dallas county prove sue-
eessful the state department hopes to curb the di-
sease next year, the experiments have been under the di-
rection of the National Government the state and_ the
State Agricultural college, the field work has been done
by government experts. He says the experiments.

They are still experimenting the same as they have
for the last seven years, yet they tell us they have dis-
covered the cause, and the remedy is the serum treat-
ment,(Wouldn’t it jar you.) Now you can draw your
own conclusion as to the truth of this dispatch from
Washington telling what Mr. Niles was going to do at
Marshalltown and how successful these experts have
previously been in combating that disease in Dallas
county. These are some of the things that has helped
sell hog cholera serum, and kept a lot of fellows busy us-
ing it, and all of them making big money out of it, except
the man who shot it into his hogs.

Now here is one thing I have never been able to un-
derstand, and I wish if any one can they will enlighten
me on the matter. Now two years ago Iowa was select-
ed as the state to work in to prove the efficiency of the
serum treatment, and Ames was chosen as the seat of
activities, the serum plant was established there, and
this plant has turned out more serum than .any other
plant in the United States. More serum has been used
in Jowa, and more hogs treated by the serum treatment
in Iowa than any other state, and yet more hogs have
died in Iowa than any other state. And today late in
the year hog sickness is reported to exist in more places
in the state than any- other state in the United States.

29

Some one please tell me if you can, why this is the case.
Something is wrong somewhere, here is a report of a few
failures I have to tell you about, this is only a few I have
stacks of them.

A chpping from a paper about Cero Gordo county,
Mason City, lowa, Oct. 22, special. The loss of swine in
this county by cholera will be at least one million dollars,
according to estimates of veterinarians here who are
treating animals in all parts of the county. There has
been considerable delay in securing serum (I guess the
crop of tails is running short at Ames, and they will soon
have to grow more long tailed hogs to get the serum
from), but as rapidly as it came it has been used, the
last shipment of serum was received yesterday, consist-
ing of 500 gallons and cost $600.00, pretty good big ship-
ment for one day in one place if they are getting it at
this rate in all other places in the state where the di-
sease 1s reported to exist. I wonder where Ames gets
all the immune hogs to make the serum from.

One from a Davenport paper, Oct. 24. Owing to
poor serum that was used in vaccinating a herd of hogs
for Barney Gasseling in Hickory Grove township, but 10
out of a herd of 70 were saved. The herd was treated
three weeks ago. Now here is a failure that is attributed
to poor serum, was it taken from a hog affected with
swine plague, typhoid fever, tuberculosis or what, I wish
they would tell us what kind of disease it was that they
shot into the dutchmans hogs? I should have thought
they would have went back and found out and reported
so the public would have known. You don’t hear of
them ever doing this do you? I am sure I don’t.

Now I have been asked many times why I have taken
this stand. It has been said to me you can make lots of
money vaccinating hogs, yes I know that is true. But
I will tell you why I haven’t done it, as I told you before
the knowledge I have gained by a close study of these

30

hog diseases, has impressed upon my mind the fact that
a cure when herds are sick and dying is out of the ques-
tion. A few may be cured if treated as I have told you
by sanitary methods and tonic, worm powders, and I
firmly believe if hog raisers will follow the course which
T have lined out for them in this work, the disease can
be stamped out, and hog raising again restored to a sure,
safe, profitable industry, and I hope all who read this
little work will join with me in trying to get the hog
raisers to get wise to the situation and fully adopt an-
other system of hog raising.

7 Another reason why I have taken this stand is this: L
have been practicing my profession 34 years of the best
part of my life, I have loved my profession and have al-
ways been proud of my calling in that line. I have made
it a rule always to try to be honest and truthful with my
patrons, and unless I knew a remedy did really have mer-
it in it and would get the results they so badly needed, I
would never advise my patron to use it, and I am so posi-
tively convinced now, and more of late than ever, that
the diagnosis of the disease called hog cholera is wrong,
and is not the germ disease they tell us it is, and | am
just as thoroughly convinced also that the treatment as
applied to try to cure and stamp out the disease is as
much of a failure as is the diagnosis. Therefore my
conscience will not allow me to-practice or do a thing
that I feel that way about professionally.

I do not claim to be a real saint, or do not know that I
may ever be appointed king of angels in the other world,
on account of my being so concienciously honest in this
world, but I do know if I do not practice a thing that i
have no faith in or is not a real benefit to my patrons, I
cannot lay down at night and sleep sound. Besides 3
have plenty of business all the time without going out
and practicing a thing that seems so much of a failure
tome. I feel much better when I am practicing a thing

in, ST

NOV 28 1913

that will be a suecess and benefit to my patrons, and an
honor and credit to my profession, and I do hope that
the effort I have put forth in this little work will be the
means of putting the swine breeders to thinking, and
studying more about this subject in the future, and if my
system to help them to attain success in curbing and pre-
venting hog sickness, is not the best one in the world,
perhaps this may be the means whereby you may be as-
sisted in finding a better one.

Ns

32

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—Moonblindness, Fistula, Farcy, Poll Evil, Nasal Gleet, Dis-
temper, Grease Heel, Lump Jaw, Barb Wire Cuts, Blood
Poison, Tonic, Flesh and Vitality Producer, Etc.

can be readily, and cheaply overcome by feeding a reasonable
amount of

“CUTLER’S BLOOD PURE POWDERS”

that purifies the blood without the use of any external means such
as: Knife, Cutting, Burning, Blisters or Liniments. Usually
from $5.00 to $7.50 worth of the powders overcomes 85 per
cent with everybody treating in 3 to 16 weeks time.

Any child 10 years of age can make a successful treatment
as the powders do the job if treatment is made as directions and
instructions plainly show. Should you or your neighbors be so

unfortunate as to have such animals we suggest you call on your
druggist, or veterinary and get the powders but should they not
have them on hand, we will be glad to fill your orders if cash ac-
company the order; and assist you in making a proper treatment.
_ The powders are well known by many and highly recommend-
ed by all who make a proper use of them.

Should you be interested, but entertain doubts, we will be
pleased if you will investigate the users or write to the manufac-
turer for other and more explicit information. We are ready to
warrant by written Contract for $15.00 No Cure or No Pay.

Sole Manufacturer and Exporter

(. F. CUTLER, Owner Deep River, Ia., U.S.A.

I have used these Powders in my practice for ten years, and
have never failed to cure all cases I used them on.

DR. E. F. LOWRY, V. 5.

Save Your Hogs

(ie Prevention

Cm

THE ONE SURE WAY

Feed Economy Stock Powders and you will have no

trouble from disease. Because Economy Powders

strengthens the hog’s constitution, builds up the

system, expels all worms, purifies the blood and aids
digeston.

Economy Stock Powders are nota stock food but a purely
medicated compound. They contain no filler whatever.
Composed of the purest and best selected drugs. They
are compounded to act direct upon the animal’s system.

You Make No Mistake When You Feed Economy
ECONOMY GERMICIDE DIP---A disinfectant. Watch your sani-

tary conditions. Sanitary conditions have as much to do

with the health of a hogas does the medicine. They go

hand in hand. A good DIP is a necessity. Economy

Germicide Dip is the strongest, the best dip made. It stands

all tests. Write for FREE booklets and circulars. Val-
uable informatian FREE.

Economy Hew & Cattle

Powder Company ; o w A