DR. HESS

Stock Book

A Scientific Treatise on Horses,
Cattle, Sheep, Hogs and Poultry

Published by

DR. HESS & CLARK

Ashland, Ohio

^

This book is fully protected by Copyright, and all imitations or
infringements will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law.

Copyright 1901 by Dr. Hess & Clark.

f /

Our Growth

OUR SUCCESS

The two preceding pages illustrate our past and present
facilities from a manufacturing point of view.

Since 1894 we have built up the largest business of its kind
in the world.

From the little frame building, which Dr. Hess used as his
office and hospital, in the practice of veterinary medicine to
the immense three-story brick structure with over two acres of
floor space, employing 250 people and operated by a 200 horse
Corliss engine, with complete electric equipment for the trans-
mission of light and power, this business has developed.

This astonishing record in so short a time is evidence of
the most sterling character, of the merit of Dr. Hess Prepa-
rations.

And yet it is not remarkable either that such a prestige
should be created when we consider the origin of the formulae
for Dr. Hess Stock Food, Poultry Pan-a-ce-a, Dr. Hess Dip
and Disinfectant, Instant Louse Killer, Dr. Hess Healing
Powder. Dr. Hess Worm Powder and Dr. Hess Heave
Powder.

DR. HESS (M. D., D. V. S.),
who formulated the above preparations is a regular graduate
of medicine and -also veterinary surgery, as shown in the affi-
davit on the second page of this book.

He practiced both branches of the medical profession for
many years before the compounds that bear his name were
placed upon the market, and it was the success of these pre-
scriptions in his regular practice that finally induced him to
put them on the market for sale generally.

We believe that human nature or instinct would lead almost
anyone to prefer stock preparations formulated by a graduate
of medical colleges and an authorized veterinarian, to those
manufactured by persons who are uneducated in the science of
medicine or the requirements of the animal system.

To this more than any other reason do we attribute the
great confidence which the stock raising public has exhibited
in regard to our preparations.

After years of experimenting, adding improvement after
improvement as science discovered new ingredients, and sub-
jecting the compounds to the most severe tests, before stock
and poultry associations in the United States and Canada, and
finding them thoroughly effective for every condition for which

4

they were intended, it was decided to place them on the
market on a

WRITTEN GUARANTEE.
Dr. Hess Stock Food, Poultry Pan-a-ce-a, Instant Louse
Killer, Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant, Dr. Hess Healing-
Powder, Dr. Hess Worm Powder and Dr. Hess Heave Powder
are, therefore, sold on a positive guarantee, and we have so
completely demonstrated the absolute merit of these com-
pounds, that we are able to furnish this written guarantee, in-
dorsed by banks, commercial agencies, and well known business
houses, who vouch for the fulfillment of its conditions.

OUR INFORMATION BUREAU.

For all diseases and conditions for which Dr. Hess Prepara-
tions are not recommended, we enclose a little yellow card in
every package which entitles the holder to a letter of advice
and a Special prescription from Dr. Hess (M. D., D. V. S.)
free of charge.

In this manner we furnish a universal treatment for all
stock difficulties either in the preparations themselves or in the
special prescription to which the little yellow card entitles you.

We adopted this plan in order that we might guarantee
Dr. Hess Preparations for exactly what they really will do,
and, at' the same time supply our patrons with something to
meet every condition known to domestic animals.

OUR PRICE.

It has been our policy from the very beginning to offer our
goods for sale at a very low price, admitting of an exceptionally
small margin and depending upon the volume of our sales for
our profit.

We believed at the start that our goods would command a
wonderful advantage over those made by unprofessional manu-
facturers; we were also satisfied of the public appreciation of
our Information Bureau, but we were determined to make our
proposition beyond the possibility of any one meeting it in
any particular.

Therefore, we offer our goods from 50 to 75 per cent, lower
than any concern in existence, size of dose and merit con-
sidered. We could not, however, make them better if we were
to get ten times our price.

That we have succeeded in our aims the illustrations on the
preceding pages are evidences.

The elements, therefore, to which we are indebted for our
prosperity and which have determined our future, are, the
merit of our goods; their origin; the price; our Information
Bureau; and the written guarantee.

Our success has resulted in not only a large crop of imita-
tors but has forced all manufacturers in the same line to adopt
our methods to a greater or less extent. In so doing many of
them strive to justify their use of the word "scientific."

Some of the more unscrupulous competitors attempt to
deceive the user in every possible way. Some even name
their goods after the town which our preparations have made
famous.

The very fact that competitors are willing to trade on the
merits of our goods instead of their own, ought to mean a
great deal to you.

The superior merits of our compounds, the large packages
and their small cost have led competitors to ignore these points
and talk about the size of the dose. They claim that their
dose is smaller. This is false. Besides most stock foods are
fed three times a day. Dr. Hess Stock Food, at full dose, is
fed but twice a day. Consider the price per pound with the
dose and you will find our goods the cheapest by one-half.

Peddlers traveling through the country agitate this ques-
tion of dose. Farmers, stock raisers and others should not
accept their irresponsible word. They should learn exactly
how much other measures contain. Then compare with our
standard of measure, which is a tablespoon, bearing in mind
that the average dose is two tablespoonfuls only twice a day.
This test will effectively silence all false claims as to the size
of the dose.

From the very first we made the best goods we knew how
to make. Stockmen appreciated their true value and became
liberal purchasers. Their appreciation made it possible for us
to grow and develop; made it possible for us to have the most
perfect laboratory and factory facilities that now exist. The
sincerest reward that we can now offer is the best compounds
that science, brains, money and machinery can produce.

This is a practical book for all farmers, horsemen, dairy-
men and poultry men.

While a strictly scientific medical work, it presents in a
plain sensible way desirable and necessary information about
stock, and the diseases that afflict them.

The man who conducts a large stock farm, or the man
who owns simply a horse, a couple of cows, a pig and some
chickens will find this treatise of inestimable value. By study-
ing the following pages and following out the suggestions and
hints any owner of stock will be able to successfully treat his
animals in all ordinary cases of sickness. Having a thorough
understanding of animal diseases he will readily appreciate that
his stock should be kept in the best possible condition. This
book tells how to do it, how to raise fat, strong, healthy, well-
conditioned animals.

The following descriptions, symptoms, remedies, treat-
ments, etc., have been carefully prepared by our Dr. Hess.
These various facts have not been taken from other books or
indiscriminate and probably unreliable sources but are the re-
sults of personal experiences and scientific investigations con-
ducted along thoughtful, modern progressive lines. This
record of scientific research is the latest publication of facts
that you can possibly secure. No matter what price you offer
to pay you cannot find any work of this nature more up-to-date.

As previously stated with this book you can doctor your
stock for all ordinary complaints. If complicated cases arise
with which you are unable to cope or which you do not under-
stand we offer you the advantages of our free information
bureau. In each package of our goods is a card which entitles
you to free advice from Dr. Hess. You have the opportunity,
in fact you are urged to make use of this bureau of advice.
Do not hesitate to write fully the symptoms of the disease or
the details of the injury. Such letters should be addressed to
Dr. Hess & Clark in care of Information Bureau. Our Dr.
Hess is a regularly licensed Doctor of Medicine and a Veteri-
nary Surgeon. By a thorough training and a ripe experience
he is fully competent to successfully treat sick and ailing stock.
His advice will be beyond question worth a great deal to you.

The food for a horse should al-
ways be clean and free from smut,
mould or dust. The ration of grain
should not be confined to a single
article, such as corn or oats* The
best results are obtained from giv-
ing a variety of grain, such as oats,
corn, wheatbran and middlings, with
occasionally flaxseed meal. Wheat does not form a desirable
food for the horse, as it is apt to form dough and is quite diffi-
cult to digest. Green, improperly cured grains are extremely

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 9

apt to cause digestive disorders and should not be fed, especially
in great quantities. If such foods are desired, the amount given
at first should be very small and to each feed should be added a
small amount of salt. The quantity, however, of this kind of
food can be gradually increased after the animal becomes some-
what used to it. The food of the horse should not be too con-
centrated, as bulky materials are necessary to perfect digestion.

Hay — The hay should be well cured and sweet. If hay is
given before it is perfectly cured, it is very apt to cause colic.
Timothy hay is most desirable for horses that are required for
rapid work. It is less apt to cause irregularities of the bowels
and gives better staying qualities. Clover or mixed hay is
most desirable as a flesh producer. It is very nutritious, and
is greatly relished by most horses. The amount of hay required,
under ordinary circumstances, ranges from ten to twenty pounds
per day. The greatest quantity should be given in the evening.
Too much hay frequently causes heaves.

Water— Water for the horse should be cool and fresh. Stag-
nant water often causes derangements of the stomach and diar-
rhoea. It should be given often and not too great a quantity at
a time. The water drunk by a horse passes rapidly through
the stomach and small intestines to the large colon, and for this
reason it is always important to give water before feeding, so
that the food will not be carried undigested from the stomach
to the bowels. Horses should not be allowed water taken from
shallow pools near the barnyard, as the eggs of numerous par-
asites frequently are washed into such pools by dashing rains
and when drunk develop numerous intestinal parasites. Water
should not be given in great quantities while the horse is heated.
However, a few swallows can be given while the horse is warm
without any danger and to the evident satisfaction of the animal.
During fevers fresh water should be kept in reach of the animal
at all times. By so doing he will never drink more than a few
swallows at a time. Water should be given at least one-half
hour before the feed of grain is allowed.

Pulse.

The pulse is the throbbing of the
arteries caused by the blood expelled by
the heart. The normal pulse when the
horse is at. rest is from 30 to 40 per
minute. During severe exertion, excitement
and fevers the pulse runs much higher. The
pulse can most readily be felt in front of the Feeling the Pulse.
angle and at the lower border of the jaw bone, where it will
appear as a round, pulsating cord. It can also be detected near

10

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

the middle of the under surface of the tail. The character and
frequency of the pulse is an excellent indicator of the condition
of the animal, especially in diseases.

Temperature.

The normal temperature of the horse may be stated to be
101 ° Fahrenheit, although a variation of one degree is frequently
found. The temperature runs somewhat lower in old animals.
If the temperature is found by the thermometer to register 1030
to 105 ° F. it indicates a morbid condition existing somewhere.

Teeth.

Teeth at Ten Years', (ft) Cross Sections of Tooth Showing Wear.

The full number of teeth in the horse is forty, and thirty-
six in the mare, the tusks being absent or only slightly de-
veloped in the female. The first twelve molars (three on either
side of each jaw) drop off before the animal reaches five years.
The caps or crowns of teeth frequently cause trouble in eating
in young animals, and should be removed. This can be done
in most cases by an ordinary pair of forceps. In older horses
the molars sometimes become uneven, sharp or decayed. The
animal shows this by holding the head to one side while eating,
quidding the hay, frothing and slavering at the mouth, pull-
ing or lugging at one rein, loss of condition, staring coat,
irregularities of the bowels, and general ill condition.

Treatment: Examine by placing the horse in a good
light, seize the tongue in the left hand, draw gently to one
side, place the thumb against the roof of the mouth and the teeth
may be plainly viewed. Reverse the order to see the other
side of the mouth. Watch closely for scars on the cheeks or

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE- 11

tbngue, and if any are found, take your animal to a veterinary
surgeon and have the offending projections removed. Decayed
teeth also frequently cause annoyance. If one molar tooth is
extracted, the tooth in the opposite jaw frequently becomes
long and protrudes in the cavity, when it becomes necessary to
cut it off with forceps.

The cuts on page 10 show the difference in the teeth at
different ages. A little study will enable anyone to approxi-
mate the age of the animal.

At three years old the middle teeth above and below come
into use. The milk teeth at the sides of these are whiter than
permanent teeth.

At four the next two give place to permanent teeth.

At five all the milk teeth are replaced by permanent teeth,
and the horse has a ' ' full mouth. ' '

At six the cups are quite well worn out of the crowns of
the middle two teeth below.

At seven they disappear from the next two at the sides of these.
The cuts show the mouth at seven, ten and extreme old age.

Cut (b) shows tops or crowns of teeth at different places as
it appears from wear as the animal advances in age. As we
approach the root, the wearing surface of the tooth becomes
narrow from side to side, but broad from before backward
across its surface, being somewhat triangular in shape, with
the dental star nearest the back edge. This condition will be
more apparent as age advances.

Acute Indigestion,

This results from sudden fillip S*. ine stomach with indi-
gestible materials, such as new hay or corn, grain that is musty
or given in undue quantity, large draughts of water after a
full meal or when animal is exhausted, or from severe exercise
immediately after a full meal.

The symptoms are at first those of simple colic, the animal
shows pain by biting, looking around at the side and pointing
the nose well forward, by frequently lying down and attempt-
ing to roll occasionally, arching the neck, and attempting to
vomit and eructate gas. Occasionally he succeeds in throwing
off gases from the stomach through the swallow or oesophagus.'
Occasionally a horse will vomit, the ejected materials passing"
out through the nose. However, this is more frequently a
symptom of rupture of the stomach. Cold sweats bedew the
body. The pulse at first is normal but soon increases in fre-
quency. The temperature is usually not raised.

Treatment: Give, early, a half ounce of tincture of ginger
with a dram of oil of peppermint added to a pint of water. If

12 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

this does not bring relief in a half hour, give an ounce of
tincture of opium with an ounce of sulphuric ether in a pint
of water.

If the animal bloats up and still continues to have great
pain, give an ounce of aromatic spirits of ammonia with a half
ounce of tincture of ginger and a half ounce of fluid extract of
hyoscyamus. Where flatulence or bloating is marked, dram
doses of naphthaline in a half pint of water often afford relief.
Give walking exercise.

After recovery, give easily digested laxative food, such as
bran and oats with a small quantity of mixed hay and regular
course of Dr. Hess Stock Food.

Chronic Indigestion.

This disease is shown by loss of appetite, roughness of the
hair, colicky pains after eating or drinking, even a small quan-
tity of food or a small amount of cold wrater will frequently
cause the animal to lie down. The bowels are usually consti-
pated, the animal becomes anaemic, as shown by paleness of
the mucous membranes, and is easily exhausted.

Treatment: Give a small amount only of clean, easily
digested food, such as oats, bran and carrots. Give water
frequently but only in small quantities. Never give very cold
water. Milk and eggs are also an excellent preparation for
these cases. By raising a basin containing milk to the lips
several times a day the animal will soon learn to like it, and
will drink it readily. Hay tea with middlings and flaxseed
meal is also excellent, and it is very nutritious and quite easy
to digest. Blue grass pasture is also very desirable. Dr. Hess
Stock Food is especially valuable in cases of chronic indiges-
tion. It supplies the bitter tonics and laxatives so essential
in this disorder.

Flatulent Colic.

This disease frequently arises from food given in undue
quantities, from badly cured or musty grain, from severe exer-
cise after a full meal, from exposure to cold rains when horse
is exhausted, from large draughts of cold water given after a
full meal which washes the undigested food through the small
Intestine into the colon, the most common seat of flatulent colic.

A very prominent symptom is fullness of the sides, especially
on the right side at the flank. The back is arched, the breath-
ing becomes frequent, the nostrils dilate and the pulse increases
in frequency. The animal shows pain by frequently lying down.

Treatment: Give a tablespoonful of Dr. Hess. Colic
Remedy in one pint of water. Repeat in half an hour
if necessary. After three doses give every hour until re-

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 13

lieved, or if you cannot get this preparation give a pint
of raw flaxseed oil with an ounce of aromatic spirits
of ammonia and an ounce of turpentine well shaken to-
gether. If the pain is very great six to eight drams of
Cannabis Indica can be placed in the mouth between the teeth,
or 6 or 8 drams of chloral-hydrate can be given dissolved in a
pint of water. A half to an ounce of hyposulphite of soda
dissolved in a pint of water is also excellent to prevent the
further formation of gas.

Spasmodic Colic.

This disease is due to sudden spasm of the muscular walls
of the intestines. It results from irritating materials, either
water or food, or frequently intestinal worms.

Symptoms: The animal shows great pain, will lie down
suddenly and will roll frequently, will get up and kick at the
belly, turn once or twice around and then lie down again, The
tail becomes kinked or bent, and the animal frequently strikes
the belly with the hind foot. The
pain, as shown by the animal, is very
great, but the pulse and temperature
are not abnormal.

Treatment: Give Dr. Hess
Colic Remedy as directed, or a dram
of fluid extract of bella-
donna with an ounce of
laudanum given at once.
This should be followed in
one half hour with an ounce Spasmodic Colic.

of chloral-hydrate and one-half ounce tincture of ginger in a
pint of water. If the pain is extreme, give 6 to 8 drams of ex-
tract of Cannabis Indica made into a ball and placed well back
in the mouth. Hot rugs applied to the abdomen also give re-
lief. Injections of warm water should also be employed.

Impaction of the Stomach.

This difficulty arises from an over amount of food given
after a period of fasting or from food of a bulky indigestible
nature given in undue quantity. It may also arise from atony
or partial paralysis of the stomach.

Symptoms: The horse shows colicky pains with frequent
biting and striking with the front feet. The muscles of the
shoulders tremble and he has an anxious look with dilated
pupils. Horse strikes viciously with the front foot, frequently
demolishing mangers. He will strike against the manger with
the breast, will frequently look around at the side, will move

14 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

from one side of the stall to another, especially with hind parts.
The pulse becomes rapid and weak, the temperature will also
rise two or three degrees. There will be tremor of the muscles
of the front shoulders, and if no relief is afforded death will
follow in from twelve to twenty- four hours from exhaustion.

Treatment: Give Dr. Hess Colic Remedy, or give a drench
of two or three quarts of warm water to soften the contents of
the stomach . Add a dram of nux vomica. Give hypodermic in-
jections of morphine, 4 to 6 grains. If not relieved in an hour
or two, repeat the drench of warm water and give a pint of raw
flaxseed oil with one-half ounce tincture of ginger. Allay the
pain by hypodermic injections of morphine or full doses of
extract of Cannabis Indica, six drams, placed upon the tongue.

Inflammation of the Bowels.

This disease is often caused by injuries, or from retaining
indigestible materials, or from draughts of cold water or ex-
posure to cold.

The symptoms at first are those of common colic, with a
slight elevation of temperature and an increase in the frequency
of the pulse. The animal will show pain by pressure upon
the abdomen. He will lie down somewhat carefully, will roll
upon his back and will remain in this position. As the disease
progresses the temperature will rise to 103 or 4 or even 5
degrees F., the pulse also becomes frequent and quick, the
nostrils are distended, the pupils are dilated and the animal
has an anxious look. All food or drink is rejected and the
animal frequently walks around the stall.

Treatment: This disease is extremely fatal and the only
chance of success is in keeping the animal quiet. This is best
done by the administration of laudanum in ounce doses, or
powdered opium in one to two dram doses every 4 to 6 hours.
Give Dr. Hess Colic Remedy, or an ounce of tincture of hyos-
cyamus with 6 to 8 drams of Cannabis Indica to allay the pain
and produce sleep. Hypodermic injections of five grains of
morphine can sometimes be given to advantage, but the dose
of morphine or opium should not be repeated, as it causes delir-
ium. Hot rugs should be applied to the abdomen.

Constipation.

This difficulty frequently arises from feeding too great
quantities of coarse, indigestible material, such as straw, tim-
othy hay and corn without sufficient salt or providing the
animal with water. If present any considerable length of time
the animal loses flesh, has a staring coat, and is hide bound.

The symptoms are those of light colic, the pulse and tem-
perature remain normal, the appetite is fairly good, and the

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 15

animal will frequently pass hard, dry pellets of dung. The
characteristic symptom of constipation is that the animal will
lie down flat on the side, will stretch out and remain in this
position for a considerable length of time.

Treatment: In moderate cases a well regulated, laxative
food is all that is required, well salted bran mashes with flax-
seed meal or green vegetables, such as beets and carrots. Dr.
Hess' Stock Food is especially valuable in cases of constipation,
as it acts as a laxative and also tones up the muscular walls of
the bowels and increase their peristaltic action. No horse will
apoear at his best or take on flesh rapidly if constipated.

Impaction of the Bowels or Colon.

Impaction of the bowels with hard, dry matter is a common
occurrence, and the symptoms are those of constipation but
more marked and persistent.

Treatment: Give a pound of Glauber's salts dissolved in
a gallon of warm water. Follow this in six hours with a pint
of raw flaxseed oil and four drams of powdered aloes. Encour-
age the animal to drink large quantities of water. An ounce or
two of common salt given in two quarts of water is also excellent
as it will induce thirst. Large doses of powerful purgatives
should be avoided, as there is danger of rupture of the bowel
before the mass of dry material can be removed. Give frequent
injections of warm water and glycerine, two ounces of each.
Eserine given hypodermically often does well when other reme-
dies fail. It should be used only by a veterinarian.

Catarrh of the Bowels.

This is an irritation or inflammation of the mucous mem-
branes and bowels. It is caused by irregularity in feeding,
either in time or quantity, from bulky food, from constipation
or hard work, from feeding only a single article of food, from
giving undue quantities of indigestible, innutritious or mouldy
'food, from irritation of intestinal worms, or from undue quan-
tities of cold water while animal is heated.

Symptoms: The animal will have a rough coat, unthrifty
appearance, hide bound, irregular appetite, dullness, tucked
up in the flanks, irregularities of the bowels, and the passages
are frequently hard and contain undigested grain and are cov-
ered with a film of mucus which is fetid and sour. The animal
shows an inclination to eat unnatural foods or lick the walls.

Treatment: Give a small quantity only of green food,
sound hay and ground oats or roots, moderate exercise in a
clean, warm, comfortable stable, rock salt to lick at will, and
a course of tonics. As the animal begins to improve, care should

16 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

be taken that it be not overfed. An ounce of sulphate of soda
in the drinking water once a day is soothing and laxative.
Tonics should also be given, such as gentian, nux vomica and
salts of iron. Dr. Hess Stock Food has an excellent effect in
these cases, as it contains the tonics necessary to tone up the
debilitated organs, improves the action of the bowels and
quality of the blood and instills life and vigor into the animal.

Diarrhoea.

This is the free passage of soft or liquid material from the
bowels. The common causes are a full drink of water followed
by active exercise, feeding soft, watery food or rapidly grown
green foods, stagnant or foul -water, musty or mouldy grain,
irritating materials, improper mastication, intestinal worms,
taking undue amount of food at long intervals, sudden exposure
to cold, foods that are extremely acid or sour, or fermenting
materials of any kind.

Treatment : Carefully regulate the diet and remove the
cause. If due to irritating substances in the bowels, give a
pint of olive, flaxseed or castor oil. Follow with good, clean
food in moderate quantities only. Give gruel made from flour
and add an ounce of laudanum if severe and persistent, or give
a dram of powdered catechu with a dram of powdered opium,
and repeat in four or five hours. If due to improper mastica-
tion or irregularities of the teeth, have the teeth dressed by a
competent veterinarian. If due to excessive acid condition of
the food, give one-half ounce doses of bicarbonate of soda twice
a day. If accompanied by flatulence, charcoal in ounce doses
should be given. Ginger, gentian and nux vomica are also
excellent, if due to flabby, dilated condition of the walls of the
intestines. Keep the animal quiet, and give only small quanti-
ties of water frequently. Colts suffering from diarrhoea should
be given from 2 to 4 ounces of castor oil to remove any irritat-
ing substance, followed with dram doses of prepared chalk and
30 grains of subnitrite of bismuth every four to six hours.
Tablespoonful doses of paregoric with an equal amount of
tincture ginger is also excellent. The dam should be fed care-
fully, avoiding undue amounts of green food.

Intestinal Worms.

A number of intestinal parasites are found in the horse.
They are usually harmless unless present in great numbers,
when they may cause loss of condition, irregularities of the
bowels, spasmodic colic, or even fatal inflammation.

Bot — This is the larva of the nit fly (Oestrus equi), and its
natural abode is in the stomach of the horse. The mature

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 17

insect of this parasite deposits the eggs on the legs, breast and
under the jaws of the horse. From the former the eggs are
licked by the animal and gain access to the stomach. Those
tinder the jaw probably drop into the feeding troughs and are
also consumed. The larvae are found in the stomach and are
known as bots. They adhere to the walls of the stomach and
small intestines by hooklets and remain from fall to early spring,
when they pass off and burrow into the earth, from whence
they appear as the nit fly. They deposit their eggs and die.
They are not known to take any nutriment. They seldom
cause any disturbance.

Treatment: There is no medicine sufficiently strong to
destroy them that can be safely given to the horse; however,
gruels are advocated by some practitioners, to afford them
nutriment and thereby prevent their irritating the animal.
Better prevent their gaining access to the stomach of the animal
by scraping the eggs off the legs and remove them from the
breast and under the jaws as soon as deposited.

Ascaris Megalocephala. The Ascaris found in the horse are
long, round, white worms, which infest the stomach and small
intestines. They may no cause any disturbance if only a few
are present, but frequently they are found in great numbers
and cause diarrhoea and general ill condition, with occasionally
spasmodic colic or fatal inflammation. They very probably
gain access to the animal through the feed and drinking water.
Water from pools or shallow wells situated close to the barn-
yard should not be given to animals to drink, as it frequently
contains myriads of the eggs of these parasites.

The ascaris, or long, round worms, are best treated by giv-
ing 10 to 15 grain doses of santonine every six hours until
four or five doses are given. It should be given an hour be-
fore feeding time. Six hours after the last dose has been given,
an active purge should be administered, 6 to 8 drams of aloes
suspended in a pint of water or given in a pill, or a pint of raw
flaxseed oil with 4 to 6 drams of aloes, or better, still, use Dr.
Hess Worm Powder, which is prepared especially to expel and
prevent the development of these parasites. It prevents the
formation of unhealthy mucous so favorable to the development
of intestinal worms.

The Oxyuris is a small, round, white worm, tapering at
either end. It infests the large intestine, the floating colon and
rectum. It is most frequently found in horses that are poorly
nourished and are given a great amount of bulky, innutritious
food. Horses fed on corn and timothy hay or corn fodder are
almost sure to be infested with these parasites. Horses which
have an occasional run at grass are comparatively free from
them. They can be prevented or removed by properly regu-

18 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

lated diet with tonics, especially the salts of iron and nux vomica.
We can especially recommend Dr. Hess Worm Powder as being
effectual in removing these parasites when given as directed. It
should be given in soft, laxative food, such as bran and oats.
If the bowels are constipated give an ounce or two of Glauber's
salts in the drinking water once or twice a day as the case
requires. This line of treatment is quite effective, and is all
that is required in ordinary cases.

.Nasal Catarrh.

Nasal Catarrh is an inflammation of the mucous membrane
lining the nose. It may even extend into the superior max-
illary sinuses, which communicate with the nasal cavity.

Symptoms are, the escape of a white mucus from the
nostrils which later on becomes thick and purulent and may
emit a very offensive odor, the j^?^~" ^^Sfiijv

animal becomes thin , with star- ^^^ ^^S8rk

ing coat aud irregular appetite. ^==S^^L~- ^ffl|lWfc'''^

Treatment: The animal y^^^^^^^^^S
should be given good surround- ^^^gi^
ings, should have a dry, light ^UXf^^ =*^ozc£7

box Stall, and Should also be White Star Shows Where to Trepan.

given nutritious food with tonics. Dr. Hess Stock Food is
one of the best tonics that can be employed in this condition.
Counter-irritants can also be used to advantage in some cases.
A blister composed of equal parts of cerate of cantharides and
vaseline should be applied over the course of the nostrils, ex-
tending over a distance of 4 or 5 inches. The blister may be
repeated in a week or ten days. If this line of treatment does
not effect a cure, it is best to trepan, cutting into the superior
maxillary sinuses , and in j ecting medicines direct to diseased parts.
This operation is quite simple in the hands of a qualified veter-
inarian, and is almost sure to effect a complete cure.

Laryngitis,

or Inflammation of the Larynx commonly called Sore Throat.

This is a disease characterized by rise of temperature, loss
of appetite, and especially difficult breathing. The animal
will frequently emit a coarse, grating noise during inspiration
and if the disease becomes much aggravated the chink of the
glottis may become entirely closed and the animal die from
suffocation. The pulse ranges from 60 to 80 beats per minute,
and the temperature frequently rises to 1040 F.

Treatment: Give the animal a good, warm stall, and
protect with a light wool blanket. Apply around the throat a
liniment made from equal parts of linseed oil, turpentine and

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 19

aqua ammonia. Give Dr. Hess Distemper, Fever and Cough
Remedy or a powder composed of a dram of powdered golden seal
with a dram of chlorate of potash placed on the tongue every four
hours. Steam from scalded oats to which has been added a tea-
spoonful of carbolic acid is good. This can be done by placing
oats in a sack and inserting the nose into the sack so that the
steam will be inhared. Air, however, must be admitted to pre-
vent suffocation. If the breathing is very difficult and there
is danger from suffocation, a tube should be inserted into the
windpipe. This, of course, should be done by a veterinarian.

Bronchitis,

or Inflammation of the Bronchial Tufres.

Symptoms: Bronchitis is characterized by difficult or rapid
breathing. The number of respirations is out of proportion to
the pulse or even to the temperature. In severe cases of bron-
chitis the respirations will frequently reach 50 or 60 per minute,
and the temperature ranges from 1030 to 1050 Fahrenheit,
pulse from 60 to 80. Churning of the mucous within the tubes
can be detected by placing the ear near the windpipe. The
animal refuses food and suffers from severe cough.

Treatment: Give the patient good surroundings, place in
a well lighted, well ventilated, dry box stall, clothe the body
with light woolen blankets to make the animal comfortable,
and place a bucket of cold water, in which has been dissolved
one-half ounce nitrate of potash, within easy reach. Give
Dr. Hess Distemper, Fever and Cough Remedy, and cause
the animal to inhale steam by scalding oats or bran, placing it
in a sack, add a teaspoonful of carbolic acid and two teaspoon-
fuls of tincture of iodine. Repeat frequently. Give dram
doses of muriate of ammonia with two drams of extract of licor-
ice every four hours; or ounce doses of spirits of mindererus
with two ounces of fluid extract of licorice, is excellent if
animal is much exhausted. In the earlier stages, 15 drop doses
of tincture of aconite with half dram of fl. extract of bel-
ladonna is excellent if the pulse and temperature are high.
Nutritious food should be given and the animal encouraged to
eat, to prevent the powers from flagging. Hay tea with eggs
and milk may be given if the animal becomes much exhausted.
When the fever subsides, the animal should be supported with
tonics, and for this purpose there is no better preparation than
Dr. Hess Stock Food, with a small amount of good, clean grain.

Acute Congestion of the Lungs.

This condition is characterized by a sudden flow of blood to
the lungs. It very frequently results from allowing the horse

20 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

to stand in a cold draught, or from exposure to cold in any
way when heated.

Symptoms are staring coat, or there may be actual shiver-
ing, cold ears and cold legs, dilated nostrils and rapid breath-
ing. The animal will seen in great distress, and the temper-
ature will rise to 105 ° or 1060 F. The pulse is full and rapid
at first, later on it becomes weak and irregular. In very severe
cases, the animal will lie down, get up, and seek an open
window or door or show other signs of distress. As the disease
progresses the mucous membrane of the mouth becomes blue
or purple. A frothy mucus may be emitted from the nose
tinted with blood. Cold sweats frequently bedew the body.

Treatment: Place him in a good, warm box stall, cover
with a warm blanket, give friction to the legs and body to
encourage the circulation in the skin. Rub briskly, and band-
age the legs with hot rugs. If the animal is very fat and full
blooded, good results are obtained from drawing off four to six
quarts of blood from the jugular vein, if : done early. Give
Dr. Hess Distemper, Fever and Cough Remedy, or 15 drop
doses of fluid extract of belladona with ten drops tinc-
ture of aconite and an ounce of sweet spirits of nitre every two
hours until three or four doses are given. Make an effort to get
up the circulation of the skin by frequent rubbing. Later on two
ounce doses of spirits of mindererus should be given every two
or three hours. Keep the animal quiet. An attack usually lasts
from six to ten hours, and recovery is as rapid as the onset.

Lung Fever or Pneumonia,

This disease sometimes follows acute congestion of the
lungs, although the congestion in lung fever is not usually so
marked, nor does it assume such
alarming symptoms as does acute
congestion, or pulmonary apo-
plexy.

The cause of inflammation of
the lungs can usually be traced to
exposure to cold or standing the
horse in a very cold, draughty
barn. Illy ventilated stables or
irritating gases also frequently

set up the disease, or it may Position Assumed ,^he Last stage of
result irom severe exertion or Pneumonia,

direct injury to the lungs, or as a complication in strangles,
catarrhal fever or purpura. In cattle it may be the localization
of a specific disease, as in contagious pleuro pneumonia. In-
flammation of the lungs is almost always associated with
inflammation of the covering or pleura.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 21

Symptoms: In many cases the breathing in the earlier
stages is not difficult. The symptoms are not well marked.
The temperature will show an elevation of two or three degrees,
and the pulse will reach 60 or 80. There is some lassitude
with loss of appetite, the coat is staring and the extremities and
ears cold, or there may be actual rigors, although the symptoms
do not assume an alarming nature. These symptoms will last
for three or four days, when more grave symptoms supervene,
the temperature becomes higher, the pulse more frequent and
weak, and the breathing accelerated. The strength of the
animal is much reduced and he will frequently change from
one foot to another, the head droops and the ears lop, swellings
frequently appear between the front legs or along the belly,
tapping upon the sides shows dullness, and the absence of res-
piratory sounds within the chest indicates that the lung has
become solid, and the air no longer permeates its tissues. All
food is rejected, although water is sometimes sought with
evident relish. The horse frequently retains a standing posi-
tion throughout the course of the disease, although this is not
without exception.

Treatment: Early in the disease provide the animal with
a well ventilated, warm, light box stall, provide with sufficient
light wool blankets to make him comfortable but do not weight
him down with heavy, coarse clothing. If the pulse is rapid
and full with a temperature of 1040 F., give Dr. Hess Distem-
per, Fever and Cough Remedy, or the following prescription :
Tincture of aconite root, a dram and a half; fluid extract of
belladonna, four drams; add enough sweet spirits of nitre to make
four ounces; mix and give a tablespoonful in one-half pint of
water every four hours. When the pulse becomes somewhat
modified, discontinue the use of the aconite. A bucket of
clean, fresh water should be kept before him at all times. Add
a teaspoonful of saltpetre to the water twice a day

If the temperature rises very high, 1050 or 1060 F., large
doses of quinine sometimes have a very marked effect in reduc-
ing the temperature; one-half ounce given in the evening will
frequently bring the temperature down two or three or even
four degrees in the courses of ten hours. The quinine may
be repeated in twenty- four hours if the temperature does not
subside with the first ot second dose. From two to three ounce
doses of spirits of mindererus with one to two dram doses of
tincture of mix vomica acts very well, in the later stages, as a
stimulant and tonic. It also aids much in sustaining the action
of the heart, which frequently becomes very weak.

Or the following prescription may be given as a stimulant
to aid in throwing off the deposit within the lungs: Ammonia
carb., one ounce; extract of licorice fluid, one and a half

22 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

ounces; tincture of nux vomica, four drams; add water to make
sixteen ounces, and give two ounces every six hours.

As the temperature declines the powers of the animal must
be sustained with a fair amount of good, nutritious food, such
as bran and oats or corn, if other foods are refused. Hay tea
is also excellent. Eggs and milk can be given to advantage.
Good tonics should be given at this stage, and for this purpose
no preparation will give better results than Dr. Hess Stock Food.

Pleurisy.

Pleurisy is the acute inflammation of the pleura or covering
of the lungs. It is almost always associated with pneumonia
or lung fever, but occasionally occurs independent of other dis-
eases. The causes are usually the same as those which produce
lung fever or congestion of the lungs.

Symptoms: The animal shows pain and soreness when
made to turn, the temperature is elevated, the respirations are
increased, and the animal looks anxious. The walls of the
chest are fixed, and the breathing is performed by the abdom-
inal muscles, and frequently a line can be seen extending from
the flanks to the under surface of the ribs. There is a painful,
suppressed cough, and occasionally tremor of the muscles of
the sides and shoulders. The disease is frequently ushered in
with a rigor or chill, with coldness of the body and extremi-
ties. The back is arched and there is great tenderness upon
pressure on the walls of the chest.

Treatment: Give good, cheerful surroundings, clothe
comfortably. If the pulse is frequent and full, give ten to fif-
teen drops tincture of aconite with twenty drops fluid extract
of belladonna. If the animal shows great pain, three to five
grains of morphine should be injected hypodermically. Hot
rugs should be applied to the sides, and great care taken in re-
placing them that no cold air strikes the animal. Give Dr. Hess
Distemper, Fever and Cough remedy or six drams of extract of
Cannabis Indica should be placed well back on the tongue, or
three to four drams of chloral hydrate should be given in solution.
Supply the animal with plenty of cold water, in which an ounce of
nitrate of potash has been dissolved. Blisters in pleurisy and
pneumonia are of doubtful utility, and they, no doubt, fre-
quently do more harm than good, as they cause the animal
great uneasiness; he will paw and show signs of pain, which will
be attended with a rise of temperature, more frequent breathing,
and an aggravation of the disease. Hot rugs or hot fomenta-
tions, however, should be employed, as they bring relief and aid
in recovery. During recovery in pleurisy tonics should be ad-
ministered, especially is Dr. Hess Stock Food valuable in these
cases.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. SB

Pink Eye.

This disease is produced by some specific poison, especially
when the constitution is debilitated by damp, filthy stables or
during periods of cold, wet weather, or from reducing influences.

The first symptoms are those of fever with chills and dull-
ness, succeeded by swelling of the joints and pain in the limbs.
The pain in the limbs is shown by restlessness, shifting of the
feet, and tenderness. At first the swelling may be limited, but
soon will appear over a considerable surface of the legs. The
temperature rises to 103 or 1040 F. The bowels are irregular,
usually constipated, and the dung is often covered with mucus.
The eyes appear red and congested, from whence it gets the
name of Pink Bye. There is frequently cough. The disease
usually runs its course in from six to ten days. A very frequent
sequel to this disease is partial paralysis of the posterior extrem-
ities. The motion becomes irregular and unsteady, the animal
walks with difficulty, and the motions of the hind parts are
irregular and retarded.

Treatment: If the bowels are constipated, give a pint of
raw linseed c; o* dissolve four ounces of Glauber's salts in a
gallon of drii; dng water and give this twice a day until the
bowels respond. Active physics, however, should be avoided.
One half ounce nitrate of potash should be given twice a day
in the drinking water, the food should be limited and easily
digested, such as bran and oats. The eyes should be bathed
with warm water two or three times a day. The stall in
which the animal is kept should be slightly darkened. Dram
doses of tincture of nux vomica are especially valuable in keep-
ing up the appetite, and also in sustaining and improving the
tone of the nerves of the extremities. Daily exercise in a large
box stall or shed should also be given. If the paresis or partial
paralysis is quite marked, the muscles of the hips and back
should be briskly rubbed and a stimulating liniment applied,
such as compound soap liniment.

Influenza,

Distemper or Catarrhal Fever

are different names applied to a chain of symptoms whidj
have many conditions in common, and are attended in a greater
or less degree by fever, dullness, loss of appetite, sore throat,
discharge from the nostrils, quickened pulse and depression of
strength. These diseases are most common in the spring and
fall when the patient is shedding the coat, although it may
occur at any season of the year. The conditions or influences
which cause the outbreak have never been fully determined;

24 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

however, it seems very probable that the disease can be com-
municated from one to another under favorable circumstances.
Treatment: If no complications supervene in simple cases
of catarrhal fever, influenza or distemper, little treatment is
required except good surroundings, care and proper clothing
and a cool, laxative diet. Regulate the bowels by feeding clean,
easily digested food with laxatives, such as bran and oats, and
if necessary add to this an ounce or two of Glauber's salts dis-
solved in water. If the temperature runs high, one-half ounce
of saltpetre dissolved in the drinking water twice a day is
excellent. If the appetite fails, from one-half to a dram of
tincture of nux vomica with two drams of tincture of gentian
should be given in one-half pint of water three times a day.

Strangles

is a disease in young horses usually at-
tended with swellings and the formation £{
of matter between the bones of the lower ))i
jaw or elsewhere. l|i

Cause: Usually found in exposure
to cold, damp, wet stables, improperly Horse with Strangles.
drained pastures, impure air, sudden thaws and contagion by
associating with animals suffering from the same disease.

Symptoms: Thirst, staring coat, with loss of appetite, dull-
ness and languor, cough and redness of the mucous membrane
of the nose, accelerated breathing, increased pulse and great
thirst. Sometimes swelling appears between the lower jaws;
this is hot and tender, at first hard, later on it becomes soft
and flabby, which indicates the formation of pus. The water
drank is frequently returned through the nose, and the food
after being chewed often drops from the mouth. The throat
often swells so that the breathing is laborious. Occasionally
abscesses form in the parotid gland, near the ear or at the
edge of the tail or in other portions of the body. Sometimes
abscesses form in the deeper tissues, such as the liver, the pan-
creas, or even in the intestinal walls.

Treatment: Sustain the strength of the animal by good,
nutritious food, to which has been a'dded Dr. Hess Stock Food
as directed; keep animal where it is clean and dry, be sure that
he inhales no irritating gases, such as ammonia fumes. Bathe
the swelling under the jaw with warm water, or apply poul-
tices or liniment composed of equal parts of linseed oil, aqua
ammonia and turpentine. When the abscesses point, as will
be shown by a soft place on the surface, open freely and allow
the escape of pus. If the breathing is very difficult, steam
with scalded oats or bran by placing it in a sack and placing it

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. S 25

over the nose. If this does not bring relief and there is danger
from suffocation, a tube should be placed in the windpipe to sup-
ply air. Give Dr. Hess Distemper, Fever, and Cough Remedy.

Purpura.

Purpura is a disease which frequently follows distemper,
catarrhal fever, strangles and other debilitating diseases of the
respiratory organs, especially if horses have been stabled in a
poorly ventilated, dark, damp barn.

The disease is manifested by swellings on the nose, face,
neck, along the sides, on the limbs, belly or indeed anywhere
on the body. The swelling of the legs is characteristic. It
will expend upward a certain distance, where it suddenly comes
to an end, as if a string had been tied around it. The lips
are often so badly swollen that they are almost
immovable, and the nostrils may be almost
swollen shut, the mucous membrane of the
nose presents red spots showing extravasation
of the blood, (similar spots may also be
seen on the skin of white animals), shivering
frequently marks the onset of the disease, but
the essential symptom is trie swellings spoken
of. The animal moves with difficulty, ap-
pears stiff and the swollen parts are quite ten-
der to the touch. When the swellings occur
on the body, they may be taken for the stings
of insects. They frequently change from one
point to another. The disease is very apt to EfFect of PurP"ra.
recur, and when the patient seems to be on a fair way to recov-
ery, the swellings will return and show all the symptoms again
in an aggravated form. The least exposure to cold or even a
damp stall will cause a return of the symptoms. In severe
cases the skin may slough or blood ooze through. Bloody
serum will issue from the eyes and the nostrils will discharge
blood tinted secretions. If animals suffering from influenza
are kept in well ventilated, clean, dry stables, there is much
less danger from attacks of purpura. All writers agree that the
disease is frequently due to the inhalation of ammonia or from
irritating or offensive gases.

Treatment: Give the animal a laxative of linseed oil, one
pint, or Glauber's salts, four to six ounces, dissolved hi a quart
of water. Follow this with the salts of iron and Chlorate of
potash. Two dram doses of chlorate of potash should be given
every four hours for a period of twenty-four hours. This rem-
edy seems to have a very beneficial effect in preventing extav-
asations of blood, but if given too copiously is apt to cause
colicy pains.

26 DR- HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

After twenty-four hours, the following should be given:
Chlorate of potash, two ounces; dried sulphate of iron, two
ounces; powdered nux vomica, six drams; powdered gentian,
one ounce; mix and make into eight powders, and give one pow-
der every six hours. One-half ounce of nitrate of potash should
also be dissolved in the drinking water twice a day. The bowels
should be kept fairly active with occasional doses of Glauber's
saltsor a laxative dose of oil. Under no condition should the horse
be allowed to become cold or be exposed to dampness. The fcod
should be easily digested and nutritious, such as bran, oats,
carrots, or beets. During recovery, tonics should be admin-
istered, especially those containing iron, and for this purpose
Dr. Hess Stock Food can be used to the very best advantage.

Roaring.

Roaring is a harsh, grating sound, emitted from the larynx of
a horse during inspiration. It is more pronounced if the animal
is made to undergo severe exertion, especially if animal is held
tightly by the reins. It frequently follows distemper or strangles.

Treatment: The treatment for roaring is not satisfactory,
and but few cases are benefited. However, a blister to the
throat, with dram doses of tincture of nux vomica three times
a day, gives good results in certain cases.

Heaves,

This disease is characterized by a dry, hacking cough, first
seen after drinking, more aggravated after a full meal or a
heavy draught of water. The nostrils dilate with each inspi-
ration and the flanks rise with each expiration. Early in the
disease a slight, frothy, watery discharge will issue from the
nose, and a rattling sound be heard in the head.

Treatment: Feed with care, avoid dust of every kind.
Horses suffering from this disease should never be permitted
to engorge themselves with food or drink. Large quantities
of bulky food should be avoided. Hay and grain should be
made damp an hour or two before given. The following for-
mula gives excellent results: Fluid extract of stramonium,
fluid extract of lobelia, of each one ounce; Fowler's solution of
arsenic, six ounces; mix and give a tablespoonful in half a pint of
water on food, two or three times a day. Dr. Hess Heave Powder
contains all the above principles with other valuable agents,
which we have found effective in the treatment of this disease.

Panting.

Panting is frequently seen in the horse during the spring
months when first put to work. It more often occurs in horses
having a heavy coat and which are somewhat debilitated. Such
animals if put to severe exertion during warm weather suffer
greatly from the heat.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 27

Treatment: Care should be taken in the spring time or
during very hot weather that the animal be not overheated.
The patient should also be encouraged to molt as early as pos-
sible. If shedding is delayed, the animal should be clipped,
which will very frequently afford complete relief. Tonics are
also of very great advantage in building Up the animal. We can
especially recommend Dr. Hess Stock Food in these conditions.

Coughs,

Many horses are troubled by an irritation of the larynx or
bronchi from cold and other causes; have a very annoying cough.

Treatment: The following will be found of the greatest
value: Fluid extract of belladonna, one ounce; oil of tar, three
ounces; mix, shake well and give a tablespoonful on each feed.
Or the following powder will be found of use: Muriate of
ammonia, two ounces; extract of licorice, two ounces; Dover's
powder, one ounce and a half; mix and make into twelve
powders. Give four each day.

Cough in heaves is usually of a dry, hacking nature. It is
aggravated by feeding dusty food of any kind. For these cases
Dr. Hess Heave Powder is particularly adapted.

Constitutional Diseases.

The blood is the circulating fluid. It passes outward from
the heart through the arteries to the different tissues of the
body, and returns through the veins. It is composed of fluid,
liquor sanguinis, in which numerous minute, solid particles,
blood globules, float, of which the greater part are red, the re-
mainder colorless or white. Analysis of the blood shows it to
contain water, red corpuscles, albumen, salts, extractive matter
and fibrin. These materials in health are usually in fairly reg-
ular proportions, but in certain diseases their relative amounts
vary considerably.

Anaemia.

This term is applied to a condition of the system in which
there is deficiency or poverty of the blood, and which is fre-
quently brought about by loss of blood, hemorrage, discharge
of any of the common fluids, diarrhoea or diabetes, insufficient
food or deprivation of fresh air, exhausting diseases and the
action of certain poisonous agents, illy ventilated stables or
other debilitating influences.

The symptoms of anaemia are paleness of the mucous mem-
branes, with occasionally dark colored appearance of the mem-
brane of the nose. The mucous membrane of the eye is also
pale, the mouth cool, and the tongue generally unnaturally
soft. It is frequently found in young, growing animals in-

28 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

sufficiently fed, that are exposed to the vicissitudes of weather
during the winter months. In horses anaemia is shown by
extreme debility of the muscular system, even showing partial
paralysis, the animal is easily exhausted, with small, feeble
pulse which becomes irregular and frequent upon slight exer-
tion. The contractive power of the muscles is reduced and
fatigue is shown on the slightest exertion. The bowels are
often constipated from want of tone of the muscular coat, the
digestive powers are feeble and impaired, and the animal fre-
quently suffers from colicky pains; the secretion of gastric
juice is usually impaired as the result of ill nutrition, which
constitutes further cause for the very marked anaemic condi-
tion. Swelling of the limbs or dropsy of the abdomen is not at
all infrequent. The appetite is sometimes ravenous and ab-
normal and the animal may seek unnatural foods ; the quality
of the blood may be so impaired that its watery constituents
exude from the vessels and settle in the tissues, causing drop-
sical swellings or stocking of the legs, or even ascites or abdom-
inal dropsy. The hair stands on ends and is dry and harsh, the
eyes are sunken and in extreme cases a puffy appearance of
the eyelids may be noticed. The disease may assume such
grave proportions as to cause a staggering gait with even ina-
bility to rise, hurried breathing, becoming quick and wheezy
upon the least exertion, with palpitation of the heart.

Prevention: Avoid anything which will reduce the sys-
tem, such as excessive bleeding, long continued use of powerful
diuretics or purgatives, long continued yield of milk without
proper nourishment, irregularity in feeding or continuing a
single article of diet too long, or giving large quantities of
woody, innutritious food.

Treatment: Remove all the causes of the disease possible,
and support the animal by easily digested, nutritious food, in
small quantities at first. Corn, oats and barley ground, and
meal cake, with a small amount of mixed hay is excellent food,
or in extreme cases hay tea gruel should be given. Tonics
are also of great importance, especially those containing salts
of iron with bitters. A daily amount of common salt should
also be supplied in small quantity. Provide the animal with a
dry place, with plenty of sunshine and good cheerful quarters.
Anaemia is one of the most common ailments of domestic
animals, and for its treatment we can speak with great confi-
dence of the advantages of feeding Dr. Hess Stock Food. It
;ontains the bitter tonics and salts of iron so necessary to proper
digestion, which is the first essential to improve the impover-
ished blood. The numerous salts which are absolutely neces-
sary for the health of the animal are supplied in this Food.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 29

Its employment in the different forms of anaemia, when aided
by proper hygienic surroundings and good, clean, nutritious
food, is almost sure to effect a complete cure.

Ascites, or Abdominal Dropsy.

This consists of a dropsical infusion in the abdominal cavity.
The causes are chronic peritonitis, inflammation of the liver,
diseases of the heart, and from eating large quantities of suc-
culent yet innutritious material. It also results from anaemia,
as the result of improper nutrition.

The symptoms are enlargements of the belly, and sometimes
Stocking of the legs, the quantity of water in the abdominal
cavit}' if quite large, causes difficult breathing. Dropsy of the
legs and submaxillary space may also be noticed. The animal
becomes poor, with feeble pulse, irregularities of the bowels,
and occasionally loss of hair.

Treatment: Provide the animal with good surroundings,
and give a laxative, such as bran and oats with a daily" dose of
two or three ounces of Glauber's salts. Good, nutritious food
should also be provided. The action of the kidneys should be
stimulated by one-half ounce doses of nitrate of potash twice a
day. Bitter tonics with salts of iron should also be adminis-
tered. The general stimulating effects to the kidneys and the
bitter tonics, with the laxatives and salts of iron, which enter
into the composition of Dr. Hess Stock Food, make it one of
the best preparations that can be given in this disease; espe-
cially is it valuable if the difficulty is due to anaemia.

Rheumatism.

Rheumatism is a form of inflammation which usually attacks
the fibrous structures of the body, such as the muscles, tendons,
joints and their coverings. Acute, articular rheumatism or
rheumatism of the joints is characterized by frequent shifting
from one point to another. The corresponding joints are fre-
quently Fiiected at the same time, that is, both knees or both
hock joints may be the seat of the disease one day, the follow-
ing day it may have shifted to the shoulder or pastern joints.
This disease is said to be due to certain acids in the blood,
although sudden exposure to cold or wet frequently acts as
the exciting cause.

Symptoms: In acute rheumatism there is dullness, languor,
stiffness of the joints, with indisposition to move. There may
be lameness and heat in one limb, with swelling of the joints
or tendons. The swelling is often soft, but may become hard
and resisting. The swelling m rheumatism very seldom sup-
purates or forms pus. The joints are extremely tender to the
touch, swollen and hot. The urine which is alkali in herbiv-

30 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

orous animals, sometimes becomes neutral or even acid. The
animal remains down a great deal, and will only rise when
urged to do so.

In sub-acute or chronic rheumatism the swelling on the
legs may be absent, but there will be some stiffness. Lameness
may appear in one leg for a time, then will change to another.
The animal moves with some difficulty. The bowels are
usually constipated. There is little alteration of the pulse and
the temperature may not be higher than normal. Chronic
rheumatism is apt to improve in warm wreather, especially if dry.

Treatment: Place the horse in a well ventilated, clean,
dry, warm box stall, protect him from draughts of cold air.
Give a laxative, six to eight drams of aloes in a pint of raw
linseed oil. If the attack is very acute, give bicarbonate of
potash or soda in from two to four dram doses. Where there
is much swelling about the joints, two dram doses of salycilate
of soda, every four hours frequently gives relief. One-half
ounce doses of nitrate of potash twice a day are excellent and
will bring relief frequently. In sub-acute or chronic rheuma-
tism, iodide of potash with tonics is especially valuable. An
ounce of iodide of potash may be dissolved in twelve ounces of
water, and a tablespoonful of this given three times a day. In
chronic rheumatism with lameness which moves from one leg
to another, a cure can often be effected by giving one-half ounce
doses of saltpetre twice a day, dissolved in the drinking water.

Farcy or Glanders.

These are very probably different forms of the same disease,
due to the introduction into the animal body of some specific
poison. Some writers claim that the disease can rise sponta-
neously, but we have considerable doubt on this point, and are
inclined to believe that the disease does not effect animals
except by inoculation or contagion. It is extremely fatal, and
when communicated to man always produces fatal results.
The malignancy of the disease depends on the amount of viru-
lence of the matter introduced, or it may depend to some ex-
tent upon the condition and ability of the animal to resist its
attack. Any debilitating influences favor the development of
the poison and render the animal less able to resist its effects.
It is quite safe to assume that this disease cannot be commu-
nicated by means of the atmosphere, and new cases must arise
from obtaining some of the poisonous material, either from the
blood or some of the discharges from the nasal cavities, from
the ulcers or by inoculation from the enlarged lymphatics, or
from other tissues of the body.

Symptoms: In chronic glanders or farcy the disease may

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE, 31

present so mild a form as not to be detected by a casual ob-
server. There may be a slight discharge from one nostril, usu-
ally the left, with some enlargement of the lymphatic glands
between the jaws, or a cord-like condition of the lymphatics
inside of the thighs; the animal may have a rough coat, with
irregular appetite, and present generally an unthrifty condition.
The mucous membranes will sometimes be found to be blue, or
even in more marked cases may assume a leaden hue or copper
color. The discharge from the nostrils is starchy or glue-iike
and adheres to the nostrils. When the enlargement of the
lymphatic glands presents nodules over a considerable portion
of the body the animal is said to have bud or button farcy.

This is the latent form of glanders, and an acute attack
may bo excited by exposing the animal to some debilitating
influence, such as sudden exposure to cold or a cold rain, or the
administration of a lively purgative. In sub-acute cases, there
are ulcers on the mucous membranes of the nose, pits may
form, dropsical swellings may also appear under the jaws and
along the abdomen, with stocking of the legs. The hair on
the mane and tail may fall out, the coat generally will assume
an unhealthy, harsh condition, the animal is weak, anaemic
and easily exhausted.

In acute glanders the symptoms are much more marked.
There is a rise of temperature to 1030 or 1040 F., or even
1060, the pulse is frequent, there is loss of appetite, with
marked chills or rigors at the onset, the eyes appear swollen or
inflamed and may discharge a purulent matter, the mucous
membranes of the nose assume a dark, congested appearance
with pits or ulcers over its surface, there is entire loss of appetite,
with diffcult breathing, and even the lungs become implicated.

Treatment: Treatment is unsuccessful in glanders and
farcy except at the very earliest stages and in the most chronic
forms, where there is only slight enlargement of the lymphatic
glands with general ill condition. Such cases should be treated
by giving liberal food and tonics, with long continued use of
iodide of potash in 10 to 20 grain doses twice a day. If, how-
ever, there is discharge from the nostrils with the characteristic
pits in the mucous membranes, the animal had better be
destroyed, in fact where a positive diagnosis of glanders is made
the safest disposition of the animal is to destroy it. Very great
care should be taken at all times that none of the poisonous
discharges from the animal gain access to the attendant, as it
is sure to produce fatal results.

Anthrax.

This disease is also known by the name of quarter ill or
rinder pest. It is a constitutional disorder, arising in rich,

32 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

damp localities, and it occurs in swine, herbivorous animals,
birds, and can be communicated by inoculation to man.

These bacilli find favorable development in low, marshy
grounds; lands that overflow frequently or are covered with
stagnant water are most productive of the bacilli or poison.
Lands that overflow may become infected by the germs being
washed down from infected districts above. The germs may
also be carried by the attendant or those who handle the animal,
or by small carnivorous animals, which feast upon the carcass
of an animal which has recently died from anthrax or quarter ill.

Symptoms: Horses are somewhat less apt to be affected
with anthrax than cattle and sheep, but when developed the
symptoms are as follows: The animal will appear dull and
feeble, may fall prostrate, or if standing the head hangs resting
on the manger, or it may stand back in the stall and rest first
one foot and then the other; it may even show signs of colic.
If the disease comes on suddenly while the animal is at work,
there will be staggering gait, the skin is hot, and sometimes
crepitates, showing the presence of gas beneath, the muscles
tremble, and there is a flow of saliva from the mouth. The
animal sweats, alternating with chills, the lymphatic glands
are swollen, the animal is irritable and sometimes becomes
unconscious, the eyes are red and blood spots may appear on the
mucous membranes, the pulse is elevated and weak, with irreg-
ular respirations. The disease usually terminates in from six
to thirty-six hours. Fat, strong, plethoric animals are more apt
to succumb to the disease than those which are thin in flesh.

Treatment: The animal should be given good surround-
ings, and the cause of the disease ascertained, if possible,
and removed, the grain should be easily digested, nutritious,
and especially free from mould or smut of any kind. Carbolic
acid has the power of destroying the bacilli of anthrax or
quarter ill, and for this purpose it should be administered in
one-half to dram doses, diluted in a pint of water. Sulphite of
soda also has excellent effects, and should be given in from two
to four dram doses, repeated every four hours. The hypo-
sulphite of soda may als'j be given in the same way with good
effects. Two dram doses of chlorate of potash dissolved in
three or four ounces of water and given every four hours has
given excellent results. If the animal should succumb to the
disease, the carcass should be burned or deeply buried.

Azoturia or Paralysis.

Paralysis or partial or total loss of power of the hind legs
frequently occurs in the horse. The disease is known as azoturia
among veterinarians.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 33

Cause: Rich, highly nutritious food, without exercise*
produces a condition favorable to the development of this dis-
ease, and exercise after a period of idleness is the exciting cause.

Symptoms: The animal leaves the stable feeling fine and in
excellent spirits, but after a short drive is noticed to hang back,
become lame in one and then in both hind legs; the limbs are
moved with increasing difficulty and profuse sweats break out
over the neck and shoulders, then over the entire body; the
animal pants and blows, with head down and ears lopped, and
it is with greatest difficulty the standing position is maintained.
Frequently they drop and are unable to rise, although strug-
gling violently to regain their feet. The muscles of the hips
become hard and swollen, as do the shoulders in some cases0
The urine is dark and looks as if mixed with blood.

So much depends upon the owner's or attendant's ability to
recognize this disease early, that it is of the greatest importance
that a careful study of the conditions and symptoms should be
given. The disease is almost without danger if noticed early
and the horse stopped and blanketed, and no attempt made,
under any circumstances, to reach the stable. Complete rest
for an hour or two will enable him to reach the stable with
little or no danger. Do not forget to stop when an attack
comes on, and the attack will be of little moment. A physic
of an ounce of aloes in a pint of water should be given at once,
a small quantity of water allowed often, and light, easily
digested food will bring him out all right.

Tetanus or Lock- Jaw.

Lock-jaw is a disease of the nerves that follows injuries. It
is most common after punctured wounds, but frequently follows
surgical operations.

Symptoms : The first symptom is a little stiffness in mov-
ing, and the eyes upon sudden lifting of the head are retracted
and the washer or haw is
pushed outward, almost
covering the eye, and it is {«$;
not uncommon to have the
owner seek treatment for the eyes,
not suspecting the real trouble. The
nose extends forward, the flanks are
tucked up and the tail is raised.
The animal may eat fairly well for
a time, but usually they champ the
jaws and chew with some difficulty. "symptoms of Lock-Jaw.

Treatment: The patient should be placed in a dark stall,
away from other animals and free from excitement or noise of

34 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

any kind. If the jaws are not set, a physic of 8 drams of aloes
with a dram of ginger should be given. For safety, it is best
given with the balling iron. If the jaws are set no attempt
should be made to give medicine by the mouth. Six to eight
grains of morphine with a quarter of a grain of sulphate of
atropia may be dissolved in water and injected under the skin
with a syringe for that purpose. If the attack is very sudden
and severe, treatment of any kind is of little value; however,
if the onset is slow, by proper care many cases recover.

Lymphangitis.

This is a sudden and severe inflammation,
usually of the hind legs. It comes on in well
fed horses after a few days' rest. It is ex-
tremely painful.

Treatment : Diminish the quantity of
the food, give as a laxative a quart of raw
linseed oil or a ball of six drams of aloes.
Bathe the leg with hot water frequently, and
give walking exercise as soon as the animal
can move without too much pain.

Dropsy.

This is the name given to the accumulation of serum beneath
the skin or in the serous cavities. It is not a disease in itself,
but it is a prominent symptom of a number of disorders. It is
characterized by swelling of the parts, which are not highly
sensitive, but pit when pressure is applied. The most common
form found in the horse is dropsy of the legs, commonly called
stocking. Stocking of the leg is an indication of an ill, depraved
condition of the blood, of improper circulation, or want of ex-
ercise. It is quite common in anaemia, especially when induced
by a diet of watery, innutritious substances. Dropsy of the
abdomen is also very frequently found in the horse. Its causes
are the same as those which produce dropsy of the leg. The
swelling of the abdomen or even of the sheath is frequently seen
as the direct result of anaemia or poverty of the blood.

Treatment: Place the animal in a large box stall or in a
slied, where exercise can be obtained. Give laxative food,
such as bran mashes, for a day or two. Follow this with a
dose of 6 or 8 drams of aloes, unless the animal is quite weak,
when the physic should be withheld. The bowels should be
kept active by occasional doses of 2 to 4 ounces of Glauber's
salts. Teaspoonful doses of nitrate of potash three times a day
will also aid the kidneys in throwing off the excessive liquids-
from the system.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 35*

If the swelling of the abdomen or sheath is quite extensive,
punctures should be made with the point of a sharp knife, and the
serum allowed to escape. Dropsical swellings may often be re-
duced very remarkably in this manner in the course of a few hours.
Improve the quality of the blood with bitter tonics and
especially with the salts of iron. Nux vomica, quassia and
cinchona, with carbonate or sulphate of iron, are the best reme-
dies in these conditions. Horses suffering from dropsy should
receive good, nutritious food, with a long course of tonics.
Dr. Hess Stock Food will be found of special value in these
cases, as it contains the very elements necessary to produce
good, rich blood, and where the above suggestions have been
followed, with regard to general treatment, the Stock Food is
almost an absolute specific.

Scratches.

Scratches is the name commonly given to inflammation of
the heels and back part of the legs of the horse. The disease
is most common in coarse, heavy limbed animals that have a
tendency to stocking of the legs, and may be caused by poor
circulation, torpidity of the kidneys, washing the heels 'with
irritating soaps, failure to wipe them dry or frequent wetting
of the heels, or from irritating substances, such as filth, gases,
standing in slush, snow or fetid pools.

Symptoms: There is swelling of the legs, with dry heat
and tenderness. The legs appear stiff and sore, and the skin
frequently cracks, forming fissures. Occasionally eruptions or
pustules form; in white horses the skin looks red and inflamed.

Treatment: Remove the cause as far as possible, avoid
filth of any kind, and prevent the legs from becoming wet.
If there is low circulation with tendency to stocking of the
legs, laxatives should be given, such as four ounces of Glauber's
salts twice a day, or a cathartic such as six to eight drams of
aloes. Nitrate of potash in two dram doses twice a day will
also aid in removing the swelling of the legs. The animal
should have exercise in a large box stall. The food should be
composed of bran and oats with carrots. Filth should be re-
moved with a rag or soft brush. Wash in a solution of 1 part
Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant to 50 parts of water. Repeat
daily.

Grease Heel.

Grease heel is an aggravated form of scratches. The
causes are the same as those which induce scratches.

36 DR- HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE,

Symptoms: The legs become swollen, are extremely tender,
and exude an offensive, oily substance which
dries and forms crusts. Fissures may also form
in the skin. Nodules frequently spring up. The
nodules or fungus growths are covered with a
dark secretion, which when removed pre-
sents a red, irritated surface.

Treatment : Give the animal goodsur-
roundings, feed bran mashes and scalded
oats. After a few feeds of this kind, give
six drams of aloes in a pint of raw linseed

oil. Follow 1 his with two ounce doses of A Bad Condition of Grease,
sulphate of soda twice a day. If this proves too laxative dimin-
ish the quantity. Give two dram doses of saltpetre in the drink-
ing water twice a day. Remove scabs or crusts from the legs by
applying warm poultices. After poultice is removed wipe the
parts dry, and apply Dr. Hess Healing Powder twice a day.

Horses affected with grease heel should be given a contin-
ued course of treatment with Dr. Hess Stock Food.

Mange of the Heel.

This disease often resembles scratches, but in addition to
the common symptoms there is intense itching; the animal will
bite the legs and kick; scabs and pustules will form, similar to
those found in scratches not due to a parasite.

Mange of the heel should be treated in general the same as
scratches. In addition, ointments to destroy the parasite
should be applied. One part Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant
to 5 o parts water will destroy the parasite, or oxide of zinc
ointment, with which a dram of oil of tar or balsam of Peru
has been thoroughly rubbed up should be applied once a day;
or a dram of balsam of Peru to an ounce of sulphur ointment
should be rubbed over the affected parts; or daily applications
of a solution of hyposulphite of soda will destroy the parasite.

Leucorrhoea.

This Is a disease of the mucous membranes of the genital
organs, usually affecting aged mares. It is characterized by a
whitish discharge of a muco-purulent nature. The animal
loses flesh, spirits and appetite.

Causes, debility, or injuries in parturition.

Treatment: Give nutritious food with tonics, such as Dr.
Hess Stock Food. Dissolve 2 drams of white vitriol, 2 drams of
sugar of lead, with y2 ounce carbolic acid in a pint of water, and
use a tablepoonful of this in y2 pint of warm water as an injection
once a day until the discharge ceases. Dr. Hess Dip & Disinfeo=
tant 1 part to 100 of water injected will relieve the difficulty.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 37

Nettle Rash, Urticaria or Surfeit,

This is a disease characterized by sudden breaking out or
swellings over the skin. Elevations will form over the body
resembling bee stings. They frequently appear on the neck
and shoulders, occasionally on the face and eyelids. The dis-
ease appears suddenly, and is usually caused by errors in diet

Treatment: Administer a plwsic of four drams of aloes
with a pint of raw linseed oil, feed lightly of laxative food to
which has been added two drams of powerful chlorate of potash
twice a day.

Scaly Skin.

This is a disease of the skin characterized by dandruff or
scales of a scurfy nature, which form on the skin. Occasion-
ally pustules will form with shedding of the hair. Sometimes
there is great itching.

Treatment: Give laxative food with two dram doses of bi-
carbonate of soda twice a day; or add an ounce of iodide of potash
to a pint of Fowler's solution and give a tablespoonful twice a
day, in a small amount of water or in the feed of grain. A dram
of oil of tar to an ounce of vaseline does well as a local application

Itching or Nervous Irritation of the Skin.

This disease is often found in horses that are overfed with
grain and are confined to close, illy ventilated stables. It is
usually more prevalent in hot weather. It is very frequently
found in the absence of any eruption on the skin.

Treat by giving a purge of 6 to 8 drams of aloes suspended
in water or given in a bolus. Follow the physic with laxative
food, such as bran and oats, and give two ounces of Glauber's
salts dissolved in the drinking water or dissolved and added to
the feed of grain once a day. If the mane and tail are the
practical seat of disease, apply common soft soap, rubbing it in
thoroughly. After ten minutes, wash out clean with soft
water. Three ounces of hyposulphite of soda dissolved in a
pint of water, to which has been added one-half ounce of car-
bolic acid, is an excellent local application. It should be
applied once a day.

Black Tumors.

Black tumors are frequently found in white horses, on the sur-
faces of the body not covered with hair, such as the under surface
of the tail, the lips, the sheath or the face. They are composed
of pigment, supposed to be the coloring matter from the hair.

Treatment: Remove with a knife, if possible; if, however,
they are too numerous, or cover too great a surface, no treat-
ment should be instituted.

38 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

Inflammation of the Bladder, or Cystitis.

Cause: Inflammation of the bladder is frequently the result
of over doses of diuretic medicines, such as turpentine, can-
tharides, or from the application of blisters over too large a sur-
face. It may also result from sudden exposure to cold.

Symptoms: The animal shows pain, with elevation of the
temperature, switching of the tail and frequently voiding small
quantities of urine tinted with blood or covered with mucus;
walks with difficulty and assumes an irregular, staggering gait.

Treatment: Remove the cause, and give good nutritious
food with demulcent drinks, such as flaxseed tea or pure water,
or give internally the following: Steep two ounces of buchu
leaves in a quart of water, add an ounce of bromide of potash,
and give two ounces of this every four hours. After the acute
symptoms have subsided, give two drams of sweet spirits of
nitre with ten drops fluid extract of belladonna three times a day.

Founder.

Founder or laminitis is an inflamma-
tion of the feet. In acute cases the animal
becomes very stiff, moves with great diffi-
culty, and evinces acute pain. If made
to back will drag the front feet, and usu-
ally stand with the hind feet well forward.

Treatment : Bleeding from the large

vein of the neck or direct from the feet Foot of a Foundered Horse,
often brings prompt relief, especially if done early. A moderate
physic of 4 to 6 drams of aloes in a pint of raw linseed oil should
be given, and hot poultices applied to the feet. In laminitis
following parturition in the mare, cold applications should be
made to the feet. The animal should not be put to work too soon.

Inflammation of the Udder, or Mammitis.

This disease sometimes occurs in the mare. It is shown by
swelling of the gland, manifestations of pain, with increased
temperature and respirations.

Treat by giving a laxative; feed soft, easily digested food
in small quantities; bathe the udder with warm water, after
which apply camphorated oil, to four ounces of which has
been added an ounce of fluid extract of belladonna. Repeat
the warm fomentations and applications of the oil three or four
times a day. If it occurs during a period of lactation, remove
the milk frequently. If abscesses form , a free incision should
be made to allow the escape of pus, and the wound cleansed
by injecting a two per cent, solution of carbolic acid.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE,

39

Curb.

This is a swelling at the back part of the hind leg below or
at the lower part of the hock joint.

Causes are slipping, hard pulling, rearing, in badly formed
hocks. In recent cases it causes lameness.

Treatment: Hot fomentations to remove heat and ten-
derness. A shoe high at the heel; later apply a blister of red
iodide of mercury, one dram; vaseline, one ounce; rub together
and apply. Repeat if necessary.

Spavin.

Spavin is a bony growth about the hock joint. It causes
lameness and does not readily yield to treatment. A spavined
hock can never be as good as one free from disease, although
the lameness may be removed.

Treatment: Rest and blisters. The firing iron is the
surest remedy, because it can be controlled in its application,
and its effects go deeper. A spavin is said to be cured or killed
when the diseased bones firmly unite.

Side Bones.

Side bones appear as hard, bony tumors at the back part of
the sides of the feet. They cause lameness and constitute an
unsoundness. They are found in heavy horses almost exclu-
sively, and are frequently the result of standing on plank floors
and high calkins. They are not easily cured.

Treatment: The treatment given under spavin applies as
well to these. Cutting out the bony growths is now success-
fully practiced.

Ring Bone.

Ring bones are outgrowths of bone about the joints above
the hoof. They cause lameness and constitute unsoundness.
They usually yield more readily to treatment than spavins, as
the joints are not so complicated.

Treatment is the same as given under spavin.

Collar Boils.

These often form on the shoulders, and are large, soft
tumors, usually appearing a day or more after the horse is
taken from work. They are not sensitive, and if not too large *
may disappear without treatment, but if very large they should
be opened low down and a large opening made to allow the free
exit of the bloody serum they contain. The opening in these
large, soft swellings should not be less than an inch and a half
in length. After the escape of the contents, by inserting the
finger large quantities of broken down tissue will be found,

40 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

which should be removed and a quantity of powdered bluestone
inserted to hasten the escape of the injured tissue.

Dislocation of the Patella.

The affected limb is extended backwards and the leg can-
not be bent at the hock joint.

Treatment: Back up the horse to relax the tendon, and
at the same time push forward and inward over the whirlbone.
When the patella reaches its proper place the animal will
walk off all right. Tie the foot slightly forward by extending
a rope or strap around the neck. A strong rope or strap should
not be used. Apply a blister well over the patella.

Shoe Boils.

These are tumors of the same nature as described before.
They come from the animal resting with the elbow on the shoe
when lying in the stall.

Treatment consists in removing the cause, and following
the suggestions given under Collar Boils. These may be re-
moved by ligature, that is by tying a string tightly around the
tumor and allowing it to slough off. Treat the wound by
applying Dr. Hess Healing Powder. A blister, made by rub-
bing a dram of red iodide of mercury well into an ounce of
vaseline, applied once a week, will aid in removing any enlarge-
ment that remains after other means have been exhausted.

Capped Hock.

This is due to bruise or irritation of the point of the hock.
It may be the result of kicking against the stall or other injury.

Treatment consists in removing the cause, allaying the in-
flammation by hot fomentations, or by the cold douche, after
which apply absorbents. Tincture of iodine and glycerine, of
each two ounces, applied twice a day, will aid in reducing the
enlargement, or the blister given under Shoe Boil will do very
nicely. The knife should not be used to reduce the swelling
or to allow the escape of the serum in capped hock.

Puncture of the Foot.

Punctured wounds are those made by the thrust of a pointed
instrument. In relation to their extent they are the most
dangerous wounds we have. Punctures of the feet are very
common in horses. They are very serious and dangerous from
the frequency with which they cause lockjaw.

Treatment : Punctured wounds should be enlarged with the
knife if too small to afford drainage. In punctured wound of the
foot, the hoof or sole should be cut entirely through down to
the sensitive tissue, and the foot placed in very warm water, to

BR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 41,

which ten grains of corrosive sublimate to each gallon has been
added. Protect the wound from filth and repeat the bath.

Fistula and Poll Evil.

Fistula of the withers is a contused wound, resulting from
rubbing against a post or tree, ill-fitting collar; rolling upon a
stone or other hard body in the field will often bruise the
withers and neck so that a large, soft swelling will result.

Poll evil results from striking the head against a low door-
way or stable. Possibly it may be the result of a blow of a
club or fork handle in the hands of the stable-man.

Treatment: These two conditions
differ only in location. Hot fomentations
and blisters may absorb the serum; the
use of the knife should be avoided, if
possible, as these wounds, from the diffi-
culty in getting complete drainage, are
hard to heal. If pus forms, its escape
should be hastened by poultices and the
use of the knife. In all swellings where
the presence of pus is determined, its es-
cape should be hastened by an opening Showing Seton.
into the least resisting part at the lowest point. The wound
should then be thoroughly cleansed with a two per cent, solu-
tion of carbolic acid; and daily applications of Dr. Hess Healing
Powder should be inserted well into the wound.

Contraction of the Heels.

Contraction of the heel results frequently from high toes and
'ealkins, neglect in trimming the hoof, want of frog pressure, etc.

Treatment: If possible, remove the shoes, pare the hoof
down level with the frog and turn the horse to grass for a
couple of months, or if wanted for every day use shoe with tips
only covering the front part of the foot, giving frog pressure. If
full shoe is necessary, let it be fiat with bar for frog pressure.

Thrush.

Thrush is a disease of the frog and sole characterized by a
very fetid discharge and deep fissures at heel and sides of the
frog. It usually results from filth.

Treatment. Cleanse and pack with cotton saturated in a
25% solution of Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant. ' After 12 hour*
remove and fill the fissure with Dr. Hess Healing Powder.

42 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

Quarter Cracks.

Quarter cracks are cracks, as shown
in cut, in the wall of the foot. They are
best treated by removing the pressure
irom that part of the wall by cutting the
sole out slightly, and by cutting through
the wall across the crack near the top
of the wall. Blisters to the coronet are
often followed by improvement.

SpraillS. Quarter Cracks.

Sprains of tendons are best treated by supporting with a
neat fitting bandage and rest. A liniment composed of tincture
of arnica, tincture of witchhazel, of each three ounces; spirits
of ammonia, two ounces; water enough to make a pint should
be applied well before placing bandage. Raise the heel and
shorten the toe to relax the tendon and afford relief.

Corns.

Corns result from a bruise on the sole of the foot, or t&ey
may be caused by ill-fitting shoes.

Treatment : Remove the pressure ; pare down the horny por-
tion of sole, and apply butter of antimony with a swab or brush.

Moon Blindness.

This disease may implicate almost every structure of the
eye. It is incurable, and will eventually destroy the eye. It
recurs at intervals, but is not influenced by the moon, as is
generally supposed.

Symptoms: The onset is sudden, usually at night, and the
animal is supposed to have injured the eye by a thrust of weed
or spear of hay. The eye is half closed, looks dim and blue
about the edge of the corned. Pus may form in the lower part
of the chamber if che iris becomes inflamed.

Treatment: Give light, laxative diet, bleed from the vein
below the eye, protect from strong light. Improvement will
be noticed in a short time.

Should the eye remain cloudy, milky or bluish gray, with
9 feather, place a quantity of the following within the lower
lid: Yellow oxide of mercury, three grains; vaseline, one dram;
rub well together and use twice a day.

Conjunctivitis.

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the inner surface of the
lids. It may also extend to the eyeball. It may be known by
a red. irritated condition, watery discharge and dread of light.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE- 43

Treatment: Bathe with cold water; draw down the
lower lid and, with a dropper placed on the edge of the lid,
inject several drops of the following: White vitriol, ten grains;
sulphate of morphine, two grains; distilled water, one ounce.
Use several times a day. No attempt should be made to throw
the medicine into the eye at a distance of several inches as the
animal will not permit it the second time.

Cribbing.

Cribbing or wind sucking is a vice. It can be prevented
by buckling a strap tightly around the throat or by removing
all obstacles upon which the horse may fix his |eeth. Cribbers
can be detected by examination of the incisor teeth, which are
worn at the anterior edges.

Rockwell, Iowa. Sept. 29th, '99.
Dr. Hess & Clark, Ashland, O.

Gentlemen : I had seven sick hogs and two died. My son working for
Jennings your agent advised me to try your Stock Food and it ha* cured three
of the five left, and the other two are nearly ready to go back in a pen. I
shall continue to use it for it has done good work for me.

C. J. TANNER.

H. L. Adams, Banker and Broker of Port Berry, Ont», writes :
Dr. Hess & Clark, Ashland, O.

Gentlemen: "Some time ago I wrote you saying that I had a very nice bay
gelding that was out of order and that I had used everything in the way of
medicine and vcterinary's advice to put him in condition, but could not do so,
and on receipt of my letter you kindly mailed me a recipe for him and the
directions for the use thereof, and I am very pleased to say that in a very short
time my horse got in a splendid, thrifty condition, which was the result of your
recipe ; and I have much pleasure in thanking you for it and in saying that in
June last I sold this horse for the sum of four hundred and fifty dollars, as he
turned out to be a very fine horse indeed."

P. S. " I keep a bag of Dr. Hess Stock Food in my stables all the time."

Geo. "W* Baney, Bart, Pa., writes : "I have been having trouble with my
horse swelling at the glands. I have at present a young mare that seems to
be getting the same way. The glands sometimes become swollen; she coughs
at times. You will remember I wrote you some time ago about my hogs
having something like th ; mange. I used your prescription, it was a success,
it cleaned them of the scruff. If you can tell me something to cure this mart
as well as you did the hogs, I would be very grateful."

"A Tablespoon Is the Measure, Twice
Full the Average Dose for
Horse or Ox.

ti&v

7 Lbs. iZ Lbs.

25 Lbs.

5© Lbs.

lOOLbs.

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

IS THE SCIENTIFIC COMPOUND FOR HORSES

HT CURES hide bound, Mood disorders, indigestion, scratches

I and constipation. These conditions are due to an im-
poverished condition* The system is unable to take up
and assimilate the necessary elements which form the different
constituents of the body.

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD at once corrects digestion,
tones up the system, improves the circulation and supplies the
laxatives necessary to cause the bowels to move regularly.

IT CURES DROPSICAL CONDITION which results
from failure of the blood to be supplied with proper nutrition.
It becomes watery. There is a deficiency of red blood cor-
puscles. The watery element of the blood exudes from the
vessels; the kidneys are impoverished; they fail to eliminate
the water from the system which allows a double amount of
water or serum in the blood.

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD promotes the secret on of the
juices necessary for the digestion and contains th« s*i"s essential
for absorption of the nutritious material?

M

IT CURES DISTEMPER OR EPIZOOTY

t>y throwing off the poisonous material retained in the system.
Also increases the action of the bowels, aids in the assimi-
lation of food which produces new strength, vigor and ap-
petite.

IT NOT ONLY EXPELS WORMS BUT REMOVES
THE CAUSE.

Worms and good rich blood will not exist in the sam©
system. DR. HESS STOCK FOOD removes the worms, makes
red blood corpuscles and tones up the system in general.

IT CURES panting due to debility, frequent urination dus
to -high concentration, coughs and skin diseases.

IT PREVENTS flatulence and wards off diseases.

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

Is equally well adapted for horses of all ages and under all]
conditions ; for brood mares, for mares in foal, for colts, fee
stallions, etc.

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

Is a flesh producer and can't be otherwise. Not that it con°
tains protein or nitrogenous material ; we don't claim that-
but it does contain the very essential tonics that put the sys-
tem to work and compel it to take care of the stuff fed, allow=
ing nb food to pass off undigested.

W. G. Rich, Bath Bridge, Gloucestershire, Eng., the great importer and owner of
1,000 acres of land, writes : " Where can I get Dr. Hess Stock Food in England t
In vry travels in America I find it in many stables and highly recommended by my
frienos.'*

Jos. K Truxel, Glessner, Pa., says : "I have used Dr. Hess Stock Food for horses
•nd cattle ind it is the best food I have ever used. I cannot recommend it too highly
end always keep it on hand."

C T. Smith, Chalmers, Ind., says: "I have used Dr. Hess Stock Food for the
past two months and it is far superior to any stock food I ever used. It will do all and
sven more than you claim for it. Any one who raises stock should not be without it."

Al. H. Thrailkill, I,e^>sic, O.. says: "I have a very high opinion of Dr. Hess
Stock Food, and thank Dr. Hess for his advice on my horse."

45

DR. HESS HEALING POWDER

D^ocracracra

E

R. HESS HEALING POWDER is the modern gall cure.
It cures galls, scratches, grease heel, cuts, ulcers, burns,
thrush, foul in the foot, indolent sores and open wounds
of every description. It is a white
smooth antiseptic powder that does
not become rancid or lose its virtue.

It is better than oils, lotions and
ointments, because it will not collect
dust, filth and germs. It possesses
all their merits without any of their
objectionable features.

Whatever the nature of the
wound, abrasion or gall a perfect
coat is formed underneath which
the process of repair is rapidly
carried on.

It allays the itching, soothes the
feverish condition, checks discharges
and positively prevents decomposition and sloughing.
Flies will not attack wounds treated with this powder.

It comes in a four ounce can which sells for 25 cents.
By punching holes through indentations you have a per-
forated top which makes it easy to apply the powder
without a particle of waste.

MANUFACTURED BY

DR. HESS & CLARK,

ASHLAND, OHIO.

46

CATTLE

How to
Keep Them

How to
Treat Them

In administering medicines to cattle, the amount required
Is usually about one and a half times that required for horses.

In drenching the ox, the liquid should be poured into the
mouth slowly, the nose should only be raised sufficiently high
to allow the fluid to flow backward ; if raised too high, swal-
lowing is prevented and the liquid is apt to flow into the wind-
pipe and cause strangulation. This difficulty is frequently
experienced in cows suffering from coma or insensibility in
such cases as parturient apoplexy.

Acute Indigestion or Bloat.

Acute indigestion in the ox

results from taking undue Trocar for Puncturing the Paunch,

quantities of food, especially foods that are mouldy or musty
or improperly cured; from drinking large quantities of cold
water, or from eating large quantities of grass, especially
clover, that is wet or covered with dew or frost.

Symptoms: The animal will appear uneasy, with loss of
appetite and anxious look; the temperature remains normal,
there may be eructations & gas with portions of partially
masticated food, slavers drip from the mouth, and when asso-
ciated with great distention of the rumen with gas is known as
tympany or hoven. The animal now shows great distension
on the left side; tapping with the finger emits a hollow, drum-
like sound, the breathing becomes frequent and quick, the
animal has a staggering gait, and may die from suffocation
caused by encroachment of the paunch upon the lungs.

47

48 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

Treatment: Avoid the causes of indigestion as far as
possible. Wet grass or decomposed food especially should be
forbidden. Give an ounce of bicarbonate of soda in a pint of
water, or an ounce of turpentine added to a pint of raw linseed
oil, or aromatic spirits of ammonia in two ounce doses with
one-half pint of water often gives relief. Four ounces of hypo-
sulphite of soda in a pint of water is also excellent treatment. If
this treatment does not bring speedy relief, the trocar must be
resorted to. It should be introduced on the left side at the
fullest point. If no trocar is at hand, the blade of a sharp
knife should be thrust through the skin into the paunch, and
a large quill or other hollow instrument should be inserted to
allow the escape of gas. The tube or canula can be kept in
position for several hours if gas reforms. Improve the diges-
tive organs by the administration of bitter tonics, such as
quassia, cinchona, gentian and nux vomica. Dr. Hess Stock
Food can always be depended upon to improve the organs of
digestion.

In calves indigestion and flatulence are quite common. It
is the result of feeding undue quantities of milk after fasting,
or it may result from feeding sour or partially decomposed
milk, or milk in which there is too great a quantity1 of acid.
It sometimes results from the dam becoming overheated, or in
older calves it may be the result of eating undue quantities of
grain or vegetables, especially if partially decomposed.

Treatment: Remove the cause as far as possible, and
prevent its recurrence. Give a laxative of 4 to 6 ounces of raw
linseed oil, castor oil, or four ounces of Epsom salts. If pain
is great with considerable flatulence, 1 to 2 drams of laudanum
with one-half ounce dose of aromatic spirits of ammonia should
be given in one-half pint of water; or a teaspoonful of common
baking soda can be added to the oil or given dissolved in water.
A dram of subnitrate of bismuth on the tongue is also good.
If this treatment gives no relief, the trocar and canula should
be employed same as recommended for the ox. After recov-
ery the animal should be given easily digested food, such as
hay tea with gruels.

An excellent preparation for the calf can be made by steep-
ing four pounds of finely cut, clean hay in three gallons of
water for an hour, remove the hay then add three pounds of
middlings, one pound of flaxseed meal and two tablespoonfuls
of Dr. Hess Stock Food; allow this to simmer for one-half
hour longer, then add sufiicient water to make the 'original
quantity. Two or three quarts of this can be given twice a
day with other foods to great advantage. It is very nutritious
and almost as easily digested as milk.

DR. KKSS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 49

Impaction of the Rumen.

This disease results from the animal eating too large a quan-
tity of coarse, bulky, innutritious food; from insufficient supply
of water ; woody timothy hay or straw in too great a quantity.

Treatment: Give the animal a pound of Epsom salts with
an ounce of common salt dissolved in two gallons of warm water;
add a pint of cane molasses; drench slowly. Gently kneading
the paunch with the closed fist will break down the mass and
aid in its removal. If the salts do not have the desired effect,
that is, break down that hard mass in the paunch in 10 or 12
hours, the dose may be repeated; if still unsuccessful, rumi-
natomy or cutting into the paunch and removing the offending
material must be resorted to. This, of course, can only be
done by a competent veterinarian, but if done early and skill-
fully is quite successful.

Loss of Cud.

This is not a disease, but is a symptom of derangement of
the stomach. It shows that the stomach does not perform
its function in regurgitating the food to be re-masticated.

Treatment: Give only a limited amount of easily digested
food, such as bran, oats, carrots; administer bitter tonics such
as cinchona bark, quassia, or better, give a continued treat-
ment of Dr. Hess Stock Food.

Constipation.

Constipation results from the same causes which produce im-
paction of the rumen, although carried to a somewhat less degree.

Treatment: Discontinue the use of large quantities of
coarse, innutritious food , and give laxative food, with a supply
of roots, such as carrots and beets, with well salted bran mash
or scalded oats. Two or three ounces of Epsom salts dissolved
in water and added to the feed of grain can also be employed
to good advantage. Follow with bitter tonics. Dr. Hess
Stock Food is an excellent laxauve tonic.

Diarrhoea.

Diarrhoea in the ox may be caused by sudden change horn
dry feed to succulent, tender grasses; or eating undue quanti-
ties of fruits or vegetables, such as apples, potatoes, turnips or
cabbage, especially if acid or partially decomposed; from drink-
ing undue quantities of cold, stagnant or filthy water; from
musty grain or from sudden overfeeding of grain of any kind.

In calves it may be the result of taking unaue quantities of
milk, especially the first milk of the dam, which is extremely

50 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

laxative; or the calf may suffer from diarrhoea when the feed
of the mother has been suddenly changed from dry food to
grass, from getting too great a quantity of milk at long inter-
vals or giving milk that is excessively sour or acid, or from
giving irritating, indigestible material.

Treatment: In the ox or cow, seek carefully for the cause
and remove it, if possible. If some irritating substance has
been eaten, a dose of physic should be given, such as one pint
of raw flaxseed oil, to remove the irritating substance from the
bowels. After this give alkalies with astringents, such as
powdered chalk in one-half ounce doses, with thirty grains of
powdered opium, and a dram of powdered catechu can be given
every 4 to 6 hours. Demulcent drinks should also be em-
ployed, especially if there is considerable irritation of the mu-
cous membranes of the bowels, as shown by mucous discharges.
Half pint doses of lime water in a pint of water every four
hours is also good.

For diarrhoea in the calf, give 2 to 4 ounces of castor oil,
and follow with dram doses of bicarbonate of soda with one-
half ounce doses of paregoric. Diarrhoea resulting from large
quantities of sour milk can be best treated by adding two drams
of bicarbonate of soda to each feed of milk, or administering
twenty grains of subnitrate of bismuth with a teaspoonful of
prepared chalk and a teaspoonful of powdered charcoal. Give
every 4 to 6 hours. - „

Choke.

Choke is the lodgment of some foreign body in the swallow*

Treatment: An ^^ -awsi
ounce of sulphuric ether —^^^^^K^_
in a pint of raw linseed ^^^^^^S^^u J^ }^
oil or lard will sometimes |H^^ym. \*fyj*==*&&==***+
bringrelief. Ifthedrench ^gP^to^S'

is returned through the Ordinary Method of Passing the Probang. (Slmonds.)
mouth or nose, the foreign body still remains. The next thing
is to remove it by the aid of a probang. A piece of 24 -inch
rubber tubing 6 or 7 feet long, well oiled, will answer the pur-
pose very well. The animal should be in a stall and the head
extended straight with the neck. A soft board two inches wide
with a hole bored through it should be placed on its edge be-
tween the jaws. The tube can be passed through the hole and
down the swallow. Care must be taken not to injure the soft
parts. When the object is reached, push it down gently till it
reaches the stomach. Oil may be poured through the hole in
the tube to facilitate its passage to the paunch. Stiff, rough,
resisting bodies, as a whip, should not be used, from the danger
©f penetrating the oesophagus (swallow).

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 51

Inflammation of the Udder or Mammitis.

This is a condition found in deep milkers after calving. It
follows over-congestion of the mammae or milk glands from
overfeeding or neglect in taking the milk. It also may be a
result of injury to the udder, or follow in a well-fed animal
when turned to pasture.

Treatment : The treatment should be directed to checking
the fever, allaying the pain and reducing the gland to its natural
condition. For this purpose nothing equals Dr. Hess Distem-
per, Fever and Cough Remedy. A physic of Epsom Salts, a
pound dissolvedin a half gallon of water, should be given without
delay, unless the bowels be loose. Twenty drop doses of tincture
of aconite with a half ounce of sweet spirits of nitre and one-half
to a dram of fluid extract of belladonna may be given every four
hours. Give between these doses thirty grains of iodide of
potash in half pint of water. Strong food should be withdrawn
if the appetite chance to be fair. The cow should be milked
several times a day and the udder bathed with warm (not hot)
water. Oil the inflamed gland with camphor and lard, or lard
in which jimson-weed leaves have been fried, or use the follow-
ing: Vaseline, three ounces; extract of belladonna, two drams;
mix and apply twice a day. Continue for several days. Dis-
continue aconite and iodide of potash treatment on second or
third day. When the acute symptoms are over, give Dr.
Hess Stock Food to restore her lost tone.

Economy does not consist in stinting your cows in their
proper food, nor in "stuffing" an animal that is out of condi-
tion, but first improve their condition with Dr. Hess Stock Food
and prepare them for the proper assimilation of what they eat.

Closing of the Milk Duct.

The milk may be drawn by introducing a silver tube (milk
siphon) for that purpose. The tube should be. removed and
cleansed after milking. It may be necessary to use the tube
several days before the duct will remain open. A solid probe
or a knitting needle should never be used, as the milk cannot
escape when it is in position and the canal closes as soon as it
is withdrawn.

Fistula of the Teat.

If the canal is the result of a cuti
or puncture and requires immediate
treatment, a teat siphon (self-retain- ' Teat Siphon,

ing) should be inserted and allowed to remain; after the sides
of the wound are trimmed with a sharp knife and washed with
a two per cent, solution of carbolic acid, the edges should be

§2 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

brought together and stitched with a fine carboiized violin or
guitar string. It is not necessary to remove the stitches, and if
done well, healing will be very rapid. The teat siphon may be
removed in a day or two and only replaced at milking hour. In
treating fistula not due to inj ury , operate when the cow is ' 'dry. ' *

Ring: Worm.

Ring worm frequently affects cattle about the eyes, neck
and even other parts of the body.

Treatment : The parasite may be destroyed by a thorough
application of lard and sulphur, oxide of zinc ointment, sul-
phurous acid, or a saturated solution of hyposulphite of soda,
or still better 25% solution of Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant.

Milk Fever or Parturient Apoplexy

This is a disease peculiar to parturition or calving. It is
not a fever, as is generally supposed; the rise of temperature
to ioi or 20 F. is always favorable.

Symptoms: The cow appears a little weak or unsteady in
the hind quarters, has difficulty in rising, forgets her calf, the
secretion of milk is suspended, she staggers and falls, and is
unable to rise, her head is thrown to her side and she becomes
unconscious. Cows most subject to it are deep milkers, fat
animals, about the third calf, after an easy, natural birth.

Treatment: Nux vomica or strychnine has given us best
results. Tincture of nux vomica in from 2 to 4 dram doses
may be placed on the tongue every two hours. If twitching
of the muscles is shown, decrease the dose. The urine should
be drawn with the catheter. The rectum should be emptied
by copious injections of warm water.

A physic is dangerous to administer and almost useless, as the
animal will have died or recovered before a physic could operate.

The iodide of potash in parturient apoplexy is now being
employed quite successfully. One hundred and fifty grains of
iodide of potash should be dissolved in a quart of boiled water.
Then one- fourth of this should be injected, at the temperature
of the blood into each teat. Bag should be thoroughly kneaded
immediately after injection. Injections should be repeated in
twelve hours if the animal has not improved. Before using
injections, the udder should be thoroughly cleansed with car-
bolized water or one to one-thousandth solution of bichloride
of mercury. All the milk should be completely drawn. Un-
der the udder should be placed a clean sack or rubber apron.

The instrument used for this purpose consists in a long
rubber tube, 7 or 8 feet long, armed at one end with a teat
siphon. In the other end should be placed a small funneL

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE-

53

Then the teat siphon should be inserted, and the funnel raised
and the liquid poured in, slowly. It will enter the udder by
gravitation. The
instrument must be
thoroughly cleans-
ed before using.

If the tempera-
ture rises or the
rectum fills with
fecal matter, it is a
very favorable indi-
cation. Prevention
is better than cure
in these cases, as
the disease is ex-
tremely fatal. Method of Injecting Into Teat.
Light, laxative feed for two weeks before calving with plenty
of exercise, wards off attacks.

Lump Jaw.

Lump Jaw is the name applied by farmers and stockmen to
a growth of a hard nature frequently situated on the lower jaw
of the ox, although the enlargement may appear on other por-
tions of the body. The disease is due to a vegetable para-
site called the actino mycoses, which may
be communicated from one animal to an-
other under very favorable circumstances,
although it is not considered extremely
contagious.

Treatment: The iodide of potash
treatment suggested in our former issue
has been found to be very successful. The
dose administered should be about one-
fourth dram to each hundred pounds

weight of the animal treated; thus the proper dose for an animal
weighing eight hundred pounds would be two drams. It should
be given once a day in a pint of rain water. It can be given by
dividing two ounces of powdered iodide of potash into eight
powders; when required for use dissolve one of these powders In
a pint of water, and drench. Continue this treatment for one
week, discontinue for one week and repeat as before until disease
disappears. The effects of the medicine will be shown by dis-
charge from the eyes and nose, by scurfy formations on the
skin, the appetite may become somewhat impaired and the
bowels constipated. If given to milk cows the quantity of milk
is usually decreased.

Tumor on the Lower Jaw(

54 DR. AESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

Good, nutritious food should be supplied at all times during
treatment. During the second administration of the iodide
the dose can be slightly diminished, after the animal has fully
come under its influences. Give Dr. Hess Stock Food to sus-
tain the general health of the animal.

Abortion in Cows,

If the fetus is expelled before the offspring can be sustained
by food, it is called abortion. If after this period, up to the
full time, it is called premature delivery. The usual period
when abortion occurs is between the fourth and seventh
months, although it may happen at any time. The cause,
when not of an epizootic nature may be attributed to unsan-
itary conditions, to injuries, - badly prepared foods, grains
containing ergot, or the administration of a sharp cathartic,
exposure to cold and especially to debility.

If isolated cases occur, the recurrence of the accident may
be prevented by supplying the animal with good, nutritious
food, giving good, hygienic surroundings, and keeping the
animal free from excitement. Bitter tonics with laxatives,
both of which are supplied in Dr. Hess Stock Food, are also
of great advantage. Cows suffering from debility will be
greatly benefited by this food.

Malignant Catarrh.

This disease is characterized by acute inflammation of the
mucous membrane of the nose and often of the larynx and
pharynx. It is found in low, wet grounds, especially during
wet weather and cold nights.

Symptoms: The animal may have
6light diarrhoea followed by costive-
ness; the hair is rough, the animal
will appear cold, and shiver; the eyes
are red and sunken and frequently a
discharge appears, with dry muzzle,
hot mouth, driveling of saliva, the
breathing becomes hurried and is ac- .
companied with cough. Ma!,snant Catarrh* F,r,t Sta«*

After twenty-four hours, there is a discharge from the nose,
the mouth is covered with blisters, from which the skin peels
rapidly, and the appetite is lost.

From the fourth to the sixth day, ulcers appear on the nose,
the diarrhoea becomes aggravated, and the breath is very fetid.

Treatment : Disinfect with Dr. Hess Dip and Disin-
fectant. Give a pint of raw flaxseed oil with an ounce of
laudanum. Follow with ounce doses each of sweet spirits

DR. BLESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 55

of nitre and liquor subacetate of ammonia in a pint of water
three times a day. A mouth wash should also be used twice a
day, composed of an ounce of chlorate of potash with an ounce
of powdered golden seal in a pint of water. Sufficient should
be applied to thoroughly moisten the diseased parts. Steaming
of the nostrils also brings relief. , This can be done by scalding a
gallon of oats and adding a teaspoonful of carbolic acid; put in a
sack and place the nose therein, so that the steam will be inhaled.
Good, nutritious food should be given, such as oats and
corn chopped, with bran, roots and carrots.

Epizootic Abortion in Cows.

As this word indicates, a great many cows in some districts
become affected. The disease becomes contagious, and is due
to minute microscopic bacilli which are found in great numbers
in the discharges following abortion. Some writers also at-
tribute the disease in part to sympathy or excitement.

Treatment: If this disease becomes epizootic or inzootic,
sows and calves should be removed as soon as possible from
those affected. They 'should be kept quiet and disinfectants
tised thoroughly and frequently. For this purpose a pound of
crude carbolic acid in two or three gallons of water should be
sprinkled thoroughly about the cow shed. All discharges should
be burned or deeply buried, and the stall should be covered
with air slaked lime. The shed should not again be used for
cows until it has been thoroughly disinfected and whitewashed.
Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant is a cheap and a very effective
disinfectant.

Sore Throat.

Sore throat results from inflammation of the mucous mem-
brane of the larynx and pharynx.

It may be simple inflammation due to exposure, or to sud-
den changes in the tempeiature, or sudden cooling off after a
drive; or it may be a symptom in certain specific diseases, such
as diphtheria, influenza, strangles or distemper. It is charac-
terized by difficult swallowing, the ox will evince pain and will !
protrude the nose. If the larynx is affected, the breathing
will be difficult, even rasping or roaring.

Treatment: Give the animal good surroundings, place in
a well ventilated, dry stable, and protect from draughts of cold
air. Steaming the nostrils the same as for catarrh often brings
relief. A laxative dose of Epsom salts should be given, 4 to
8 ounces. Dram doses of muriate of ammonia with dram doses
of powdered golden seal should be given, shaken up with one-
half pint of water. Counter-irritants should also be applied to

$6 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

the throat; equal parts of lime water, linseed oil and turpen-
tine, is an excellent ointment for this purpose. If the breathing
becomes very difficult and there is danger of suffocation, the
windpipe should be opened and a tube inserted.

Pneumonia or Inflammation of the Lungs.

This disease in the ox is shown by sudden chills, staring
coat, there may be discharge from the eyes, increased respira-
tions. The temperature rises to 104 or 5° F., the pulse too
becomes more frequent, the appetite is impaired or entirely
absent, there is marked thirst, the ear placed to the sides showt
the absence of the normal murmur and tapping with the fin-
gers emits a dull sound, and the animal will lie down a great
part of the time.

Treatment: Give the animal good surroundings and
clothing to make comfortable, supply with plenty of fresh air,
avoid draughts; give two ounces of spirits of mindererus with
one-half ounce of sweet spirits of nitre every four hours; en-
courage the animal to eat by giving tempting food; if appetite
is greatly impaired, give two dram doses of tincture of nux
vomica three times a day. When the animal begins to im-

Srove, administer tonics with good nutritious food. Dr. Hess
(istemper, Fever and Cough Remedy will be found very bene=
ficial in these cases.

Hoose.

This is a parasitic disease affecting calves and foals. It
produces inflammation of the bronchi. There is a cough with
difiicult breathing and other signs of bronchitis. The coat be-
comes rough and the animal is much reduced in flesh. If the
matter coughed up is closely examined, it will be found to con-
tain numerous worms, either singly or rolled up into a mass.

Treatment: If pastures are known to be affected with the
parasite, calves and foals should not be permitted to graze over
them. The lands should be plowed up and cultivated in the
hope of destroying the parasite, and the lands should be thor-
oughly drained. Those diseased should be kept away from
the healthy ones. The carcasses of those that have died
should be deeply buried or better, burned.

Animals affected with parasitic bronchitis or hoose should
be liberally fed with good, nutritious food, such as flaxseed
cake, roots, corn and oats, with good, clean hay; or hay tea
can be supplied to great advantage (see page 48). The animal
should be made to inhale sulphur fumes for one-half hour at a
time and for several days in succession. Dr. Hess Colic Rem-
edy gives splendid results in these cases. The gasoline treat-
ment, recommended for stomach worms in sheep, is also worthy of

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 57

a trial. Rock salt should be kept before the animal at all times.

Rheumatism.

This is a disease which is quite common in the ox, and is
frequently found in those exposed to damp, cold air or housed
in illy ventilated, damp stables, or compelled to graze and sleep
on low lands where the grounds are damp and the vegetation
innutritious.

Symptoms: The disease is shown by swelling of the joints,
possibly both knees or both hocks, with stiffness; the joints
are tender and hot, the animal will lie down a great deal and
can rise with difficulty.

Treatment: Give good surroundings, especially where it
is dry and warm. Give a laxative of 8 to 16 ounces of Epsom
salts in a gallon of warm water. Follow this with one-half
ounce doses of nitrate of potash twice a day, given in the
drinking water or dissolved in water and added to the feed.
One to two dram doses of powdered colchicum seed is also
highly recommended.

Anaemia.

Anaemia in the ox is so common that it should not be over-
looked. The general characteristics and causes of anaemia are
given previously in this book, page 27 , under the chapter given
to diseases of the horse. The disease, causes, symptoms and
treatment are the same, which see.

Paralysis, Following Parturition.

After calving and occasionally before this period, cows are
often found to have partial or complete loss of power of the
hind legs, the limbs are weak and are moved with difficulty, or
the animal will lie prostrate, unable to rise. The difficulty is
due to atony of the nerves, and should not be confused with
parturient apoplexy. ;

Treatment: Give good, nutritious food, with two dram
doses of tincture of nux vomica three times a day, rub the legs
briskly, and apply compound soap liniment. A liniment com-
posed of equal parts aqua ammonia, turpentine and linseed oil is
excellent. Apply to spine and rub briskly. A quart of raw
oil is useful if cow is constipated.

Retention of the Placenta or Afterbirth.

In a general way in the ordinary cases of retention, a dose
of cathartic medicine will often cause its expulsion; add eight
ounces of Epsom salts, one ounce of aromatic spirits of ammo-
nia and an ounce of powdered ginger to a pint of water and
give at once.

58 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

If this with gentle traction does not have the desired effect,
it should be removed by a competent veterinarian, and the
parts should then be thoroughly washed out with a gallon of
warm water to which has been added one-half ounce of carbolic
acid. Care should be taken that all the membranes be re-
moved; if retained, there will be a slow form of blood poison,
which can only be overcome by frequent injections of warm
water containing one per cent, carbolic acid.

Foot and Mouth Disease.

This is a contagious disease characterized by irritation of
the feet and blisters forming about the mouth, udder, teats or
other portions where the skin
is soft and tender. It can be
communicated by contagion. It
is found in all cloven footed
animals, and can even be com-
municated to man.

Symptoms: Roughness of

the coat, shivering, increased Lower Jaw of Cow In Rinderpest,

temperature, soreness between the claws with lameness, incli=
nation to lie down; after several days blisters arise, covering the
whole interior portion of the mouth, the teeth and digits be-
come loose, saliva drips from the mouth. Swine champ their
jaws, and sheep may often lose their hoofs.

Treatment: Give a laxative of Epsom salts, to the ox, a
pound; use astringents, and mouth washes, such as borax or
boracic acid or tannic acid, an ounce of the former with two
drams of the latter in a quart of water. But better still wash
the diseased parts and disinfect thoroughly with Dr. Hess Dip
and Disinfectant. Apply in the mouth, also to other portions
of the body which are diseased. Dirt should be removed from
the claws, and the application of an ounce of oil of vitriol and
four ounces of water should be made with a feather.

Casting the Withers.

This accident usually occurs in cows that are overfed on
bulky, innutritious food, in which case the tissues of the body
become loose and flabby, or by compelling the animal to stand
in a stall which slants much backward.

Treatment: Limit the amount of coarse food, give more
concentrated food, incline the floor of the stall forward, wash
the protruded parts clean, and apply a lotion made by dissolv-
ing one-half ounce of powdered alum with an ounce of lauda-
num in a pint of water. A truss can also be applied in some
cases to advantage. 0 ~

* Cow Pox,

This is a self-limited, irritative disease which usually at-

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 59

tacks the udder and teats. The udder becomes heated and
tender, there is slight elevation of the tem-
perature, with red nodules, about the size
of a pea, which about the sixth or tenth
day form vesicles. The vesicles soon be-
come yellow in color and contain pus, the
whole mass dries up, leaving a hard crust or
scab. After the blisters are ruptured, raw
sores form, often proving difficult to heal.
Treatment is seldom necessary. A mild
laxative of Epsom salts should be given.
The vesicles or pustules should not be rupt-
ured, and in milk cows the teat siphon Cow Pox-Varida Vaccina.
should be used. If ruptures form, apply twice a day oxide
of zinc ointment to each ounce of which has been added
a dram of oil of tar; or an ointment made from rubbing up
one-half dram of boracic acid and ten grains of tannic acid in
one-half ounce of vaseline should be applied twice a day.

Bloody Milk.

Bloody milk is caused by rupture of minute vessels in the
udder or mammary gland, due to irritation or inflammation.
See treatment for Mammitis. The same treatment in these
cases brings good results.

Warbles,

Warbles are nodules or lumps which form along the back
of the ox. They contain the larvae of the gad fly.

They can be removed by seizing the skin well under them
and squeezing them out through the orifice, or they can be
broken down by the introduction of a needle. A few drops of
gasoline dropped into the orifice with a dropper will kill the
parasite. They should be squeezed out after two days.

Epizootic Ophthalmia.

This disease frequently attacks several herds of cattle or
flocks of sheep in certain localities in any season without any
apparent cause.

The symptoms are those of severe inflammation of the eye
with fever. The eye becomes cloudy, there is an exudation
within the cornea, and even ulcers may form on the surface of
the eye and sometimes extend through, allowing the humors
of the eye to escape.

Treatment: Separate the sound from the diseased ani-
mals, and also from the buildings or districts that diseased
animals have previously occupied. Give those affected a full
dose of salts, a pound to a pound and a half, followed by two

60 DR. HESS' SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

ounces of sweet spirits of nitre twice a day in a pint of water.
Place animal where it is dark, keep quiet, dissolve two drams
of boracic acid in four ounces of warm water, add ten grains
of morphine, and use this as an eyewash twice a day. Sheep
also become so affected, and should have the same treatment.

Foul in the Feet.

This is a disease of cattle, an'd may assume almost any de-
gree of severity from a simple crack or abrasion between the
slaws to suppuration, separation of the horn from the foot or
to decay of the bone.

Treatment: If the case is simple and unattended with
pus under the hoof or horn, the dirt should be removed and
Dr. Hess Healing Powder applied. If matter has formed, the
hoof should be removed sufficiently to allow its escape and a
poultice should be applied. After the poultice is removed,
apply the Healing Powder to the diseased parts. The foot
should be kept clean, the bowels active, and the general health
looked after. Bitter tonics are very useful, such as drajn doses
of nux vomica and a half ounce of gentian given twioe a day.
Dr. Hess Dip & Disinfectant is a perfect antiseptic for dress-
ing and curing all such ailments.

To Prevent Kicking.

Tie a rope around the cow just in front of the udder. Have
the rope fit snugly, but do not draw too tight.

To Cast a Cow.

If it should be desired to throw a cow or ox, it may be done
without danger or injury by taking a long rope and making a
loop (not a slip noose)
and placing it around the
neck. Pass it backward
and make a turn once
around the body just back
of the front legs. (See
cut). Pass the end under
the rope as it comes from
the neck; pass the rope
back to near the middle of Ruefrs Method of Throwln* an 0x'

the back and make another turn round the body. Make another
turn just in front of the hind legs; carry the end of the-rope back
behind the cow and pull steadily, and the animal will lie down.

Anthrax, Quarter 111 or Black Leg.

This is a disease which frequently affects young cattle. It
often kills suddenly, but there is generally some external indi-

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 61

cation of the disease. The animals affected are frequently
those which are taking on flesh rapidly and are looking well,
but this alone does not produce anthrax, as some stock raisers
suppose. The presence of the germ of anthrax is necessary
to the development of this disease. The causes are the same
as those which produce it in the horse. See page 31.

Symptoms: The animal becomes listless, the eyes are de-
pressed and much reddened, the ears lop, there is some tender-
ness about the loins and ribs, the pulse is irregular and there
is an increased number of beats, the mouth is hot and dry; in
the course of a day or even of a few hours enlargements may
appear on the loins, back, brisket, head or other parts of the
body; the animal becomes lame and moves with difficulty, lies
down frequently and is unwilling to rise; there is considerable
torpidity of the bowels with entire loss of appetite; the animal
fails to chew the cud, and the swellings when pressed upon
emit a crepitant or creaking sound showing the presence of gas
beneath the skin. There may be convulsions, the animal be-
comes unconscious, the eyes fixed, and the animal frequently
dies without a struggle. The disease may also assume a some-
what more chronic form, the animal will lose flesh and become
hide bound, there is stiffness of the joints and slight elevation
of temperature, irregularities of the bowels, hot skin and
staring coat, and if no treatment is given and the diet is not
changed the disease may assume a more acute form and death
follow in a short time.

Treatment: Ascertain, if possible, the source of infection
or cause of disease and remove it. It is always safe to change
the feed in these cases. If pastured on low lands they should
be removed to high grounds; if given hay or fodder from in-
fected districts change to upland hay.

Carbolic acid has been used with success; it should be given
in one-half dram to dram doses for adults; calves take from 5 to
20 drops, well diluted in water to avoid its irritating effects. It
should be given three times a day. Sulphite or hyposulphite of
soda also has good effects, and is highly recommended. It should
be given in 4 to 6 dram doses every four hours. It can be given
in connection with carbolic acid in solution, well diluted.

Inoculation with the attenuated virus of anthrax has been
successful in preventing this disease. It is largely practiced
in some districts, but should be done under the supervision of
a competent veterinarian only.

Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is a disease which is characterized by the de-
posit of tuberpules in the different tissues of the body. The

62 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

tubercules are generally composed of a cheesy substance; they
may be very minute or attain considerable size. They may
also be found in almost any tissue of the body, such as the
lungs, lymphatic glands, intes-
tines, muscles, liver, pancreas,
kidneys, mammary gland, and
other tissues.

v Causes: The causes of tuber-
culosis can frequently be traced to low hy-
gienic surroundings, such as damp, illy venti-
lated stables, overcrowding, inbreeding and
from inoculation, or even from inspired air
containing the bacilli of tuberculosis. It can Suffer,nS from Tuberculosis,
be transmitted from the parents to the offspring. The disease
affects almost all domestic animals, as well as man.

Symptoms: Tuberculosis is usually not rapidly fatal. The
disease may be present for months without any appreciable
symptoms. Animals that were in prime condition when
slaughtered have been found to contain tubercules. * The ani-
mal may show some loss of condition, with roughness of the
hair, tenderness upon pressure upon the back and loins; there
may be present an occasional cough, especially in animals
cha^r-d from a warm stable to a cold atmosphere, the appetite
ma> remain good. If a cow, the secretion of milk is sometimes
diminished, becomes bluish in tint and contains less fat. The
udder may also show signs of disease by presenting hard
nodules under the skin, the temperature may remain normal;
if the bowels are affected there may be diarrhoea alternating
with constipation. If the lungs are affected for the greater
part the cough will be more marked, pressure upon the sides
of the chest will give the animal pain. As the disease pro-
gresses these symptoms become more marked, the animal be-
comes poor and emaciated, the movements very sluggish, the
eyes look dull, the skin is dry and covers the ribs closely.
Slight exercise produces laborious breathing and exhaustion,
the mucous membranes of the mouth are pale and yellow, the
appetite is impaired, the organs of digestion are weakened, and
flatulence or bloating is frequently seen. Cows frequently
abort, the milk becomes diminished in quantity, the cough be-
comes more persistent, the discharges from the nose are viscid,
and the breathing is quick and interrupted. Later on the
cough becomes very distressing, the back is arched, the head
is allowed to protrude, the mouth is partially open and the
tongue pendulous, especially if the lungs are the principal seat
of disease. The horns and ears become cold, the breathing
may be accompanied by moaning, the animal suffers from

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 63

diarrhoea, the paunch often becomes distended with gas, pres-
sure on the sides or tapping the chest causes pain. Dropsy of
the abdomen frequently supervenes, ulceration or breaking
down of the tubercules may occur, especially of those in the
udder and lymphatic glands, forming unhealthy ulcers.

A diagnostic point of great value now is the hypodermic
injection of tuberculin. If tuberculosis is present, there is
always a rise of temperature 3, 4 or even 50, the animal shows
uneasiness with increased breathing. If the animal has not
tuberculosis the injection of the tuberculin does not cause any
or at most very slight disturbance. Before such test is made,
it is necessary to take the temperature at least twice during
the twenty-four hours prior to the use of the drug. The use of
tuberculin in the diagnosis of tuberculosis is of great value,
but should be used only by a competent veterinarian.

Treatment: The chances of success in treating a case of
well established tuberculosis are not sufficient to warrant a line
of treatment. The danger of communicating the disease is
increased by harboring such animals, and if a positive diagnosis
of tuberculosis has been made the sooner the animal is slaugh-
tered the better it will be for the other members of the herd.
There are a great many animals, however, affected with tuber-
culosis in a very slight form whose milk and flesh are used with
impunity. Just at what point the disease may be considered
dangerous has not been fully determined, but if any local mani-
festations of tuberculosis are present (such as the enlargement
of the lymphatic gland, nodular formations in the udder, with
cough and general loss of condition), the milk and flesh of the
animal should be rejected.

General disinfecting with a solution of Dr. Hess Dip and
Disinfectant should be done around the premises whether dis-
ease is present or not. It kills the germs and deodorizes barns,
chicken yards, cow stables, sink drains, etc.

\3L-1

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

IS THE SCIENTIFIC
COMPOUND FOR CATTLE

IT increases the appetite, aids assimilation, gently stimu=
lates the kidneys, regulates the bowels, increases the secre-
tion of the liver, prevents flatulence and loss of cud.

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

is particularly profitable for the cattle raiser.

Every dollar put into this food will come back and bring a
; 3,/ger profit with it than any other dollar the cattle raiser
can spend.

yhis food makes the other foods — the hay and the grain
and the grass and the fodder — digest properly and yield the
greatest quantity of milk and flesh.

It increases the appetite but it does not follow that by feed-
ing this food the animal requires more grain to sustain life.

The fact that the appetite is increased is evidence that the
food has been properly appropriated and assimilated, and

opens the gate-way for heavier
feeding at a greater profit.

We ask you to make a practical
test of

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

It will verify our claims.

This food is splendid to whet
up the appetite, which frequently
becomes impaired when finishing
cattle for market. It keeps them
right up on their appetite to the
very last day.

It produces the sleek, glossy
coat, that finishing touch that com-
mands the fancy price.

64

The rule of early de-
velopment applies to cat-
tle as well as to other
stock fed for market.
Tests show that it costs
less to put 100 pounds
upon a calf than on a
yearling, less to put 100
pounds upon a yearling than on
two-year-old, less to put 100
pounds upon a two-year-old than
on a three-year-old, etc. It costs less to put
100 pounds upon a thriving animal of any
age than an unthrifty one. It takes from
thirty to sixty days to get an unthrifty
animal to thrive. The greatest profit re-
sults then from early development and a
constant thriving condition. If cattle of
any age are allowed to decline in weight,
the food consumed in producing the first
point of greatest weight and also that re-
quired to bring them up to the former
standard is lost. There is scarcely three
months during the life of a mature beef that
grain and Dr. Hess Stock Food can-
not be fed at a decided profit.

FOR CALVES
Dr. Hess Stock Food prevents indigestion, flatulence, fer-
mentation, aids assimilation and produces a rapid, healthy
growth. U

J. H. Finley, Bainbridge, Pa., says: "We have used Dr. Hess Stock Food for two
years with great satisfaction. It improves stock more than any food I have ever
used, and I have used different kinds for at least twenty-five years. I consider it the
best stock food made." _________

C. E. Varney. Pharmacist, Dover, N. H., says: « We find our customers are
duplicating their orders now, which shows they appreciate Dr. Hess Stock Food."

J. C. Etters, Oak Hall, Pa., says: "We have used Dr. Hess Stock Food and can
recommend it. It pays for itself many times in saving feed. It is the best stock food
we ever used." -

Fred Favier, I^oose Creek, Mo., says: "I am well satisfied with Dr. Hess Stock
Food. I have fed it to cattle and hogs and all improved from the day I started to
feed it."

65

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

IS A GUARANTEED MILK PRODUCER

Vyou have just one cow, weigh
or measure the milk for ten
days, then for ten days con-
tinue the same ration and add DR.
HESS STOCK FOOD as directed;
if you don't have a notable increase,
sufficient to pay for the
STOCK FOOD many times
over, your money will be re-
funded*

Or, if you have a herd, feed
DR. HESS STOCK FOOD
to every other cow down the
line as you have them
stationed; otherwise give
to all cows exactly the
same feed, continue this
system of feeding two
weeks, measure or weigh
the milk of those get-
ting the STOCK
FOOD, and those
that don't.

These tests will
show that a greater
quantity of milk is
produced from the
same ration when
DR. HESS STOCK
FOOD is fed.

It simply makes the
grain and other foods
digest properly, allow-
ing nothing to pass
off as waste*

66

r T

How to
Keep Them

©HOGS©

How to
Treat Them

In the introduction it has been described how Dr. Hess
Stock Food may be used, in connection with Dr. Hess Dip and
Disinfectant to advantage in warding off hog cholera.

Aside from this and simply for fattening a hog in the best
manner and the quickest, with a less amount of food, Dr. Hess
Stock Food will save many times its cost.

It is not simply a food — it is also a tonic.

No farmer should overlook the advantages in actual money-
saving profit which will come to him from using Dr. Hesft
Stock Food regularly and as prescribed.

Indigestion.

Indigestion in pigs results from faulty feeding. The food
may be poor in quality, given at irregular intervals, or in too
great quantity. To withhold the food for a long time and then
allow it in over amount is one of the most fruitful sources of
digestive disorders. Large quantities of salt and ashes fed to
hogs often causes marked derangement of digestion.

Symptoms: Loss of appetite and refusal of all kinds of food.
Sometimes they will squeal for food and rear upon the fence or
pen, but will not eat when food is placed within reach. The
bowels may become constipated, or the evacuations may be
thin. The animal seems to seek unnatural food and will eat
stones, dirt, old plaster, rotten wood, in preference to corn.

Treatment: The treatment for indigestion consists in
limiting the food — that is, do not overfeed. Feed at regular
intervals, and give Dr. Hess Stock Food. We can speak with
the utmost confidence of this remedy for pigs and hogs. There
is no animal that comes under our observation in which this
preparation has met with better results or given more universal
satisfaction. It is simply a wonder in the ievelopmcnt and
growth of swine.

68 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE

Pig Measles.

Cause and source of infection are now settled beyond a
doubt to be from the eggs of the Taenia Solium of man, which
is eaten by the pig. It has been as conclusively shown that
the tapeworm (Taenia Solium) of man comes from further
development of the measle in the pig.
This tapeworm found in man is a long,
flat worm like a tape-measure, and is
made up of joints or segments. Kach
segment of the worm bears male and fe-
male organs of generation, and each scg- Measle8 or c?sticercus ln Pork«
ment is also loaded with thousands of fertile eggs. These egg-
bearing joints become detached from the body of the worm and
pass off, new joints are formed and the process is repeated as time
goes on, and any number of the segments so detached will not
destroy the worm so long as the head remains. The eggs con-
tained in the joints are liberated and no amount of freezing or
drying will destroy their vitality. Some of the innumerable
quantity of eggs thus deposited findtheir way into the digestive
canal of the pig through the manure pit, contaminated pools, or
grass to which the ova may adhere, etc. The egg is there hatched
and the worm liberated to burrow through the tissue and lodge
in the muscles. The habit, in rural districts, of depositing human
excrement upon the surface of the ground or in the manure
pit, to which the pigs have access, renders it possible for one
person having a tape-worm to infect in this way a whole herd
of swine; and again, one of the infested herd may, when
slaughtered and eaten, infect nearly all who partake of its
flesh, unless the parasite is destroyed by cooking.

Prevention is much more to be relied upon, as will be seen
from the foregoing article, than treatment. The history and
manner of transmission of the disease as given above will aid
in adopting such plans as will prevent infection. The common
custom in many districts of allowing or even feeding the pigs
upon every manner of filth should be discouraged. Trichinosis,
another disease caused by worms in the muscular tissue, the
life history of which is the same as the cysticercus, probably'
comes from the rat, and the flesh of other animals. Disinfect
premises frequently with Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant.

Paralysis.

Paralysis, (paresis, ) or partial paralysis.'is met with in hogs.

Symptoms are those of weakness across the back or kid-
neys, with inability or difficulty in walking. The hind legs
appear weak and cannot be controlled by the animal. The
animal may drag itself about the pen to secure food.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 69

Treatment: Give a physic of two ounces of Epsom salts
in gruel or swill. Follow this with ten grain doses of iodide
of potash in a little water three times a day. If the hog does
not improve in three or four days, give 10 to 15 drop doses of
tincture of nux vomica three times a day. Rub the back
thoroughly once a day with compound soap liniment. Feed
nutritious food, such as oatmeal mush with milk or vegetables.
Protect the animal from the heat or sun or from cold rains.
This treatment is quite successful when properly carried out.
Fowler's solution in teaspoonful doses twice a day for a hog of
one hundred pounds is also very successful.

Thumps.

This is a disease found usually in young pigs. It is caused
by spasmodic or irregular action of the heart. It results from
close confinement and overfeeding. The pig is seen to jerk
backward and forward, the heart's action is violent, and striking
against the sides of the thorax causes the whole body to shake.

Treatment: Cut down the feed and give more exercise.
In the early stage give one to two ounces of Epsom salts, or
two ounces of .castor oil. Follow this with 10 to 20 drops each
of tincture of opium and digitalis every two hours until the
animal is relieved. If the animal is much exhausted, teaspoon-
ful doses of Hoffman's anodyne with a little cold water every
two hours brings relief. Feed only a small amount of milk
with oatmeal or middlings added to form gruel.

Half to teaspoonful doses of Fowler's solution once a day is
also good treatment.

Swine Plague or Hog" Cholera.

These two diseases are caused by different bacteria, but the
symptoms and general characteristics are so similar that it is
possible only by the aid of the microscope to determine posi-
tively which disease or whether both diseases are affecting the
herd. Generally swine plague affects the lungs, plurae and
membrane around the heart, while hog cholera is characterized
by ulceration of the bowels. Hogs with swine plague fre-
quently show symptoms of lung fever with occasional diarrhoea,
while those with hog cholera frequently have diarrhoea with
occasional lung complications.

The measures necessary to prevent or treat hog cholera
would be even more effective in swine plague. Both diseases
are produced by bacteria, which gain access to the blood. The
virus of hog cholera is more difficult to destroy, more easily
communicated, and more virulent in its effects than that of
swine plague. The symptoms of these diseases are very
similar. There is first seen signs of fever, shivering, unwilling-

70 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

ness to move, loss of appetite, the animal is stupid and dull and
hides away in the litter. In a few days diarrhoea sets in, which
is persistent and exhausting. The eyes water; later, matter
forms. The breathing is more frequent. The skin is often red
and congested over the abdomen and inner surface of the legs*
Red spots appear, due to rupture of minute vessels. This symp-
tom is quite characteristic of hog cholera. The back becomes
arched and the animal grows weak and moves with difficulty .

The fatality of hog cholera and swine plague depends upon
the virulence of the contagion, and the susceptibility of the
animal in each particular outbreak. If the animals are very
susceptible and the contagion very virulent, the loss will be
very great, even 90 to 95 per cent. The susceptibility of the
animal depends much upon its condition and general healths
Any influence or condition that debilitates or retards the
development of the vital organs, muscular system or bony
structures, must impair the resisting powers of the animal.

The food for pigs and growing hogs should consist of milk,
wheat middlings, wheat or oats, crushed peas with clover or
other grass, and only a limited amount of corn. Corn alone
does not contain the elements necessary for perfect growth, and
unless these elements are supplied in some concentrated form
the animal cannot resist the poison of cholera. The virulence
of the contagion can be greatly reduced by the proper use of
disinfectants, which destroy the bacteria and prevent their
development. Hogs that have a large range are more liable to
contract cholera than those that are more closely confined, for
the reason that small animals, or men, coming from infested
districts are more apt to gain access to their run than where
the animals are more closely confined.

Again, disinfectants, cannot be so effectually applied over
large areas as where the grounds are limited. It is advisable
when there is reason to fear the disease to keep the hogs in
small inclosures, which should be kept as clean and dry as
possible; disinfect thoroughly at least once a week. New herds
brought on the farm should be kept by themselves for five or
six weeks and disinfectants used, to avoid risk of comtami-
nating the home herd. Hogs that have been shipped in cars
previously used for this purpose, or have had access to grounds
over which hogs have been shipped, should be regarded with
suspicion.

Can hog cholera be cured? If so, what is the remedy?
We know of no positive cure for every case. With all con-
tagious diseases, prevention is more satisfactory in every way
than medical treatment. Every swine grower should use the
utmost precaution to prevent the introduction of such plagues

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 71

into his herd. Feed your hogs Dr. Hess Stock Food strictly as
directed, also disinfect stables and sleeping pens thoroughly.
In no condition is the necessity for disinfecting more apparent
than around hog yards. Thorough disinfecting with Dr. Hess
Dip & Disinfectant will aid greatly in preventing hog diseases.

Piles.

Piles are very frequently seen in pigs closely confined and
fed largely on dry feed. It results from constipation or low,
weak circulation, due to general debility. The presence of
hard fecal matter in the rectum retards the return of blood cir-
culating in the walls of this part of the intestine. The effort
necessary to evacuate the bowels also favors the dilatation of
the walls of the veins; this continues until the mucous mem-
brane or even part of the bowel itself may protrude.

Treatment: The treatment should be directed to remov-
ing the cause, and as this is most frequently constipation,
laxatives should be given. Soft feed containing some flaxseed
meal or an ounce of Glauber's salts should be given. Dr. Hess
Stock Food contains just the proper amount of laxatives for these
cases, and in addition this food contains the best nerve tonics
necessary to tone up the loose, dilated and flabby walls of the
bowel, and contribute directly to the cure of the disease.

The following application will be of advantage in reducing
the tumor.

Tannic Acid, 3 ss.

Powd. Opium, gr. x.

Vaseline, § i.
Mix. Apply two or three times a day.

Rheumatism*

Rheumatism is not uncommon in hogs. The disease may
be known by the difficulty in moving and the disposition to lie
in the litter. It results from exposure, dampness and cold.

Symptoms: In severe acute cases the joints swell and are
extremely painful, the patient is feverish and the appetite is
impaired; the swellings frequently shift from one joint to an-
other. This is characteristic of acute rheumatism of the joints*

Treatment: Provide shelter free from moisture and keep
the litter clean and dry. In early stages give one to two
ounces of Epsom salts dissolved in a little milk -or water. If
this does not cause copious action of the bowels, repeat in fifteen
hours. Two drops of croton oil in a tablespoonful of sweet oil
may be given instead of the salts. After this give ten drops
of oil of wintergreen in a little sweet oil or raw linseed oil three
times a day. In cases Lss acute ten grains of iodide of potash
should be given three times a day, dissolved in a little water 0

72 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE-

A dram of powdered cantharides rubbed up with four drams of
lard does extremely well as an application to the joints where
the swelling is persistent. Dr. Hess Stock Food is also very
valuable in preventing this disease, and is a good treatment
where laxatives and tonics are required.

Sore Throat or Laryngitis.

Sore throat or laryngitis, which is quite common among
pigs, is characterized by cough, difficulty in swallowing, and
rough breathing. The breathing sometimes becomes quite
laborious and the animal will make a slight, grating noise at each
inspiration. The air passages may become closed so as to cause
death. The cause of this disease can usually be attributed to
sudden changes from heat to cold, ill-ventilated stables, lying in
cold, wet stalls, or gaining access to pools while over-heated.

Treatment: Give two ounces of castor oil; follow this by
giving Dr. Hess Distemper, Fever and Cough Remedy or
give ten grains of chlorate of potash and 3 to 5 drops of fluid
extract of belladonna dissolved in water three times a day. If
the breathing is very difficult, give four grains of tartar emetic
and six grains of ipecac in a little gruel. Repeat in half an
hour if vomiting does not take place. If the cough is very
bad, give 10 to 15 drops of laudanum or a teaspoonful of pare-
goric three times a day.

Chronic Cough.

Chronic cough may arise from constipation, indigestion,
worms, congestion of the liver or irritation of the throat.

A chronic cough arising from the above causes is best
treated by a regular course of Dr. Hess Stock Food. This pre-
paration will overcome constipation, improve the digestion,
remove intestinal worms and relieve congestion of the liver.

Nervous Cough.

This difficulty is often seen in small pigs and most fre=
quently occurs when first coming from the nest. The cough
is often very persistent and spasmodic.

Treatment: Feed oatmeal gruel or milk and wheat mid-
dlings, with only a small amount of corn, add Dr. Hess Stock
Food as directed; also, add a teaspoonful of the following for
each pig, three times a day: muriate of ammonia, fluid extract
of squill compound, of each two drams; camphor water, add
enough to make eight ounces.

Canker of the Nose and Face.

This is a disease of the skin which affects the nose first, but
later on snreads over the face, ears and even bunches may form
on the body. It is due to a parasite, and as the disease spreads
the sores become of a cankerous nature.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

73

Symptoms : There is contraction of the skin with wrinkles
across the nose, giving it a stubby appearance, the animal will
raise its nose and sniffle, will sometimes run as if making an
effort to get away from something; sores break out, the para-
sites may burrow very deep and cause large, unhealthy, indo-
lent looking wounds, the disease may even be fatal.

Treatment: All well animals should be removed to a new
pen, and their heads thoroughly rubbed with an ounce of car-
bolic acid in a pint of raw flaxseed oil. This treatment should
also be applied to those recently affected. In later cases, four
drams of iodine should be incorporated with eight ounces of
vaseline and this applied to the diseased parts; or one part of
creolin to six parts of water can also be applied with good
effects. If the sores are very indolent and refuse to heal, apply
a little butter of antimony with a feather, or twenty grains of
nitrate of silver to an ounce of water can be applied in the
tame way.

Mange.

Mange in the pig is due to a parasite much the same as that
which causes it in other animals. The parasite burrows into
the skin and forms crusts or scabs;
great itchiness prevails and the animal
will rub against the posts or partitions
and cause the parts to become sore.
The disease is easily communicated
from one animal to another. It usu-
ally appears first on the thin parts of
the skin, under the arm or flanks or
inside of the thighs.

Treatment: All pigs not affected
should be removed from the pen where
disease prevails, and the woodwork of
the pen should be thoroughly washed
with a strong solution of carbolic acid;
or better, whitewash the pens and add
thirty grains of corrosive sublimate to
two gallons of the whitewash used.
The corrosive sublimate is very poison-
ous and should be handled with care.

The diseased pigs should be thor-
oughly washed with soap and water

Sarcopt of Man.

A fecundated female (A ) form
ing its gallery or burrow, a
and a brush tO break down the bur- semi-diagrammatic figure, part-
r . i ,-, < , ly after Gerlach. From before

rOWS Of the insect, then SUlphur to behind are seen the eggs in-

should be well rubbed over the parts. ^S^^^^E

Better Still wash in Solution Dr. opening for the escape of' tht

Hess Dip and Disinfectant This hm; A excrements'

<-i DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

should be repeated in a day or two; or a very effectual remedy
can be made by boiling two ounces of stavacre seeds in three
pints of water for an hour, then add sufficient water to make the
original quantity. Apply this thoroughly to the skin, rubbing
it in completely. Repeat in a week if necessary. An ounce of
tobacco leaves steeped in a quart of water for one-half hour
will also destroy the parasite, but this is quite poisonous and
there is some danger of making the animal sick. If used, it
should only be applied to a limited space each day.

Congestion of the Lungs.

This disease is due to a sudden flow of blood to the lungs.
It may be the result of over-exertion, as driving on a hot day
or to sudden change of temperature, of sudden cold or even
heat, or wallowing in cold water while heated.

Symptoms : The animal will sometimes chill, will have an
increased number of respirations, the extremities appear cold
and the eyes congested; in severe cases there will be a slight
watery discharge from the nose tinted with blood, the breath-
ing becomes short and jerky, the lips and gums may become
blue, showing great veinous congestion.

Treatment : Clothe the body to keep it warm and encourage
circulation in the skin by rubbing it. Give the animal Dr.
Hess Distemper, Fever and Cough Remedy, or a dram
of aromatic spirits of ammonia and a dram of sweet spirits of
nitre in a little cold water. Repeat in one half hour if neces-
sary, or a teaspoonful of brandy or whisky can be given in cold
water to advantage. If the animal improves, keep up the
stimulants for a day or two. Be careful that the pig does not
become exposed to sudden changes of temperature. Feed
nutritious food, such as milk and gruel.

Pneumonia or Inflammation of the Lungs.

In this disease the lung tissue becomes inflamed; there is
also congestion, but it is somewhat less acute than in con-
gestion of the lungs given in previous article. It results from
exposure to cold or to sudden variations in temperature. It is
also frequently a complication in swine plague. It may be the
result of irritating gases or dusts inhaled.

Symptoms: At the beginning there is usually a chill with
short breathing, increased number of heart beats, and signs of
pain. If the animal is handled it may squeal, especially if the
pleura is inflamed. There is a painful, suppressed cough with
rise of temperature, the appetite is lost but there is consider-
able thirst. In very severe cases, there may be a discharge of
a frothy mucous from the nose, often tinged with blood.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. *v

Treatment: If the animal is verjr fat, good results are
obtained from giving one or two ounces of Epsom salts, fol=
lowed with 2 or 3 drop doses of veratrum viride every * or 3
hours. If vomiting ensues, diminish the dose or give 6 to ic
drops of laudanum before giving the veratrum. Dr. Hess Dis=
temper, Fever and Cough Remedy will prove very effective. If
the cough is persistent, give teaspoon ful doses of paregoric three
limes a day. Supply the animal with good food, such as milk
with middlings or corn meal in the form of gruel. If the animal is
much exhausted, 5 to 10 grains of carbonate of ammonia made
into solution is often of benefit; or ten grains of muriate of
ammonia can be given with a teaspoonful of fluid extract of
licorice every 4 to 6 hours. When convalescence begins, give
good, nutritious food with Dr. Hess Stock Food as a tonic ,
This will aid very much in restoring the lost powers and bring-
Ing the animal back to its normal, healthy condition.

Diarrhoea,

This disease may arise from feeding undue quantities of
food; food that is fermented or unduly sour, or to irritating
substances being taken in with the food, musty or decomposed
grains or vegetables.

In suckling pigs it is often due to overfeeding the dam, or
to sudden changes from poor, innutritious food to liberal sup-
plies of highly nutritious or laxative food, such as flaxseed
meal or new corn.

Treatment: First ascertain the cause, if possible, and re-
move it. If due to some irritating substance in the digestive
tract, give 1 to 2 ounces of castor oil. After this has operated,
give 5 to 10 grains of Dover's powders or a teaspoonful of pare-
goric. Carefully regulate the diet.

The cause of diarrhoea in suckling pigs should be carefully
sought for and removed. If due to some error in feeding the
darn, this difficulty should be overcome, and food less succulent
and nutritious should be given. Teaspoonful doses of paregoric
can be given to the dam three times a day; or ten grains o!
Dover's powders with ten grains of subnitrate of bismuth will
<5ilso aid in checking the discharges.

DR. HESS STOCK FOOb

IS THE SCIENTIFIC COMPOUND FO* H0GS.

J)IGS when weaned stand a chance of slow development for a time.

Grain or even sour milk is
harder to digest than the milk
of the dam.

The digestive organs re-
quire special aid at weaning
time to insure perfect assimila-
tion.

As the feeding period of
the hog is short — and the shorter
the better — it is expedient to
strengthen and build strong
every digestive organ while the pig is young.

The rapid development of bone, muscle, and frame work is of thfe
utmost importance, and cannot be formed without the proper elements
which enter into their composition.

For their construction a diversified die* is required.

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

supplies a balanced ration.

It also contains the very essential nerve and digestive tonics.

It enables the hog to stand crowding at all times, and the quicke*
a hog can be made fat, the less food is required, the least expense^
the :rost profit.

We guaranteed no paralysis where

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD IS FED.

As a flesh producer it is unequalled. With this food hogs thrive
in a surprising manner.

One hundred hogs can be fed Dr. Hess Stock Food at a cost of
less than 12 J cents per feed. Here is an experiment that will imme-
diately convince any doubting Thomas : Feed Dr Hess Stock Food
to hali the hogs ; do not feed it to the other half ; when you come to
sell, kee 3 the returns separate and compare. Any stock raiser who
ewer tries this will always* feed all his hogs on Dr. Hess Stock Food
ever afterwards.

76

FOR BROOD SOWS

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD is an excellent tonic and insures vigorous,
healthy offspring. It increases the flow of milk and improves digestion.

DR. HESS WORM POWDER

Expels worms so common to hogs. Worms, perhaps destroy more
hogs than all other diseases combined. Many cases of so-called hog
cholera are worms.

DR. HESS WORM POWDER removes these parasites.

It prevents hog cholera. Feed your hogs DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

regularly as directed, and dust the bedding and feeding places once a
week with

INSTANT LOUSE KILLER;

if your hogs die from cholera we will refund your money.

Hog cholera, as a rule, prevails in the great corn belts. In the
Eastern States where hogs are fed a well balanced ration, such as
middlings, bran, oats, peas, beans, barley, etc., cholera is almost un-
known. Corn lacks the nutritive elements which the system of the
hog demands. Hogs fed exclusively on corn are more susceptible
to disease.

DR. HESS STOCK FOOD

Supplies the missing elements in the most digestible form ; it also
keeps the system in the pink of condition, and calls into healthy ac-
tion every organ of the animal body. Then by the use of

INSTANT LOUSE KILLER

you can destroy the cholera bacilli that lurks in the bedding and
feeding places. In this way these two scientific preparations ward off
disease. An ounce of prevention is worth more than all the cures,
particularly when cholera lurks around.

T. J. Loar, Iowa, says: "Nearly 2,000 head of hogs are thriving and doing wel
around here on DR. HESS STOCK FOOD and disinfecting with IUSTAHT LOUSE
KILLER."

Thousands of hog raisers are now using these two preparations with
perfect success. You cannot afford to be without them, they are
backed by a guarantee that is a guarantee.

As to our responsibility, we refer you to any bank or commercial
agency.

77

SHEEP

How to
Keep Them

How to
Treat Them

Grub, or Bot Fly.

Wooded districts are favorable for the
abode of the bot fly. A bit of tar applied
to the nose of the sheep occasionally in
summer effectually wards off attacks from
this tormentor. The inhalation of fumes
of burning sulphur has met with consid-
erable success in our hands when the
symptoms of disease are devel-
oped. A box into which a hole
has been cut large enough to
admit a sheep's head should be
inverted over a vessel of burning
sulphur. The head of the animal
may be thrust through this hole
and held for a moment or two.
Care must always be taken lest
your patient should
suffocate.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 7£

Vorms in the Lungs.

Worms in the lungs and other tissues are found to infest
sheep. We will only notice one of these (strongylus Falaria).
This is a thread-like worm from one to two inches long, white
or yellowish white, and about the diameter of coarse thread.
It infests the lungs, bowels and other tissues. It is most com-
mon in lambs that have to run on low lands or on fields long
kept for sheep grazing.

Symptoms: Loss of flesh, the animal becomes weak, the
mucous membrane pale; the appetite usually remains good.
The animal may become so debilitated as to be unable to walk.

The treatment should be the same as that suggested under
stomach worms.

Prevention: Much can be done to prevent the disease re- \
suiting from these parasites. Land that has been used for graz-
ing for a number of years may be a source of infection and should
be regarded with suspicion. Lands that overflow may become
dangerous from having the eggs deposited from lands above.

Sheep kept strong, robust and hearty by Dr. Hess Stock
Food will remain strong and able to resist the action and
depressing effects of these parasites in a great number of cases.
When you begin to feed your sheep for market, add the proper
quantity of Dr. He^s' Stock Food to the regular feed and you
will be very highly gratified with the results.

Stomach Worms.

Stomach worms, or strongylus contortus, in sheep are small, 1
thread-like worms that infest the fourth stomach and upper!
portions of the bowels of sheep. They are extremely numerous I
and cause great loss in some districts. '

Symptoms: Loss of flesh, anaemia, weakness, diarrhoea
with great prostration of strength; death may result.

Treatment: The treatment which has been quite success-
ful is as follows: Steep a gallon of flaxseed in three gallons of
water for two hours, strain through cheese-cloth and, while
warm, use the tea as follows: Take three or four ounces of the
tea, place in a bottle and add to this a tablespoonf ul of common
gasoline, then place your thumb over the mouth of the bottle
and shake vigorously; quickly pour this down the sheep's
throat The sheep should be held in position by an attendant
by placing the animal on its rump and place its nose so that it
forms nearly a straight line with the back. Care should be
taken tnat the head be not carried too far back, or danger from
strangulation would result. A tablespoonful of gasoline is the
proper dose for a sheep or lamb weighing 80 pounds. Lambs
requiring treatment should be penned rn in the evening and

&0 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. ,

allowed no food until two hours after treatment, which is t©
be given at noon next day. They may then be turned out t©
grass and again brought in at night and the treatment re°
peated in the same manner each day for three successive days.
This treatment is almost free from danger when properly
given and is quite effective. I,ambs suffering from lung worms
should be treated in the same way. Sheep and lambs so
treated should be turned into new pastures, lest they again
become infested with these parasites. Dr. Hess Worm Pow=
der is effective in expelling and preventing stomach worms.

Scab or Mange.

Scab or Mange is a Parasitic Disease found in Sheep.

Treatment consists in removing to a new run all those not
affected. Do not move the diseased sheep and allow the
others to remain, as the grounds are infected and disease will
follow and you will start disease in a new locality.

Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant.

One part to 70 parts of water will destroy scab, mange and
also kill the ticks. It is standardized by chemical tests of the
raw material so that the preparation will always prove uniform.
It is free from any poisonous or irritating qualities and will
not injure the fleece. It is inexpensive and not only relieves
the above conditions, but is the greatest disinfectant known.

Ticks.

These insects may grow to one- fourth of an
Inch in length, have brown or reddish-brown
bodies. The feet are hooked and the rostrum is
provided with a sucker. They have been known
to live in the fleece for more than a year after
shearing. Sheep Tick.

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 81

Foot Rot.

i Foot Rot is a contagious disease affecting the feet of sheep.
Treatment: Avoid pastures or runs that are contami-
nated. Remove all diseased or detached portions of the claw.
Apply butter of antimony well to the diseased parts with a
swab or feather. Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant, one part to
25 of water placed in a shallow trough and animals allowed to
walk through it to and from pasture, will cure and prevent
this difficulty. . ,

Colic.

This disease results from derangements of digestion, and is the
consequence of taking too great quantities of indigestible food.

Diarrhoea.

This frequently occurs in the sheep, especially as a result
of stomach worms, or it may be the result of sudden change of
food, such as from dry food to succulent green pastures, or
from eating undue quantities of vegetables or roots. In lambs
it may be the result of undue quantities of milk, or from sud-
den changes of the food of the ewe.

Treatment: If stomach worms are suspected, give treat-
ment prescribed to remove these parasites; see page 79.

If due to some irritating substances a dose of 2 to 4 ounces
of Epsom salts should be given to clean out the bowels, fol-
lowed by dram doses of prepared chalk with ten grains of sub-
nitrate of bismuth three times a day, or paregoric in teaspoon-
ful doses in one-half ounce of camphor water does excellently.

Mammitis or Inflammation of the Udder.

This frequently occurs in ewes, especially if allowed succu-
lent food or green pasture at lambing time. It may be the
result of an undue yield of milk, or to direct injury.

Treatment: If the bowels are constipated, give from 2 to
4 ounces of Epsom salts. If, however, the animal has had a
run of pasture, better change the feed and give only a small
amount of dry feed. Bathe the udder with warm water and
apply camphorated oil, to each ounce of which has been added
one-half dram fluid extract of belladonna. If abscesses form,
they should be opened and the pus allowed to escape, and the
parts cleansed with a two per cent, solution of carbolic acid.

Poverty of the Blood— Anaemia.

This disease is extremely common in sheep, especially dur-
ing the latter part of winter and early spring. It frequently

IS DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

results from improper feed and feeding. It may also be the
Result of certain parasitic diseases, especially lung worms.

The symptoms and causes are the same as those given
tinder horse, which see, page 27.

Treatment: Place in comfortable quarters, supply nutri-
tious diet, such as ground oats, bran or middlings to which
add Dr. Hess Stock Food.

Foot and Mouth Disease,

This is a contagious disease which affects all cloven-footed,
kerbiverous animals. It is shown by ulcers forming about the
<aoSe, mouth and lips; the feet also become diseased.

The treatment is the same as that recommended for cattle,
©npage 58.

Ipizootic Ophthalmia, or Inflammation of the Eyes.

This disease sometimes occurs in sheep. No satisfactory
explanation has been given as to its exact cause. A similar
lisease occurs in the ox.

The treatment is the same as for the ox, given on page 59.

Liver Rot or Fluke.

This is a parasitic disease affecting the liver of sheep. The
symptoms are those of lung worms, except a cough, which is
only occasionally present. The membrane of the nose and eyes
becomes soft and flabby, the fluids of the eye are yellow or
dark, the skin is pale and bloodless, there is deficiency of oil or
yolk in the wool, the muscles waste, the animal is razor backed,
and the wool is easily detached.

Treat with tonics, such as Dr. Hess Stock Food. No
parasiticide can be given which will reach the liver and gall
ducts, the location of the parasite.

Change sheep to new pastures, as the old runs may be con-
taminated. Water only from deep wells or springs, and avoid
Stagnant pools.

Catarrh,

or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose frequently
arises from the presence of the larva of the bot fly, or it may
be the result of sudden changes of temperature, exposure to
cold, or permitting the animal to be out in a soaking rain.

Treat by giving good shelter, avoid sudden changes of tem-
perature. If due to grub, treat by removing grub, as given on a
previous page. If due to other causes, give two to four drops of
fluid extract of belladonna in one-half ounce of camphor water
three times a day. Support with good, nutritious tonics, such
as Dr. Hess Stock Food.

Lice and Parasites Cost
$175,000,000 a Year

according to the report of the United States Department
of Agriculture. What the death loss is, due to poisonous
germs of disease, can hardly be estimated.

The cry everywhere is clean up, disinfect, destroy-
all forms of parasites.

DR. HESS DIP

AND DISINFECTANT

Deodorizes, purifie9 the air, kills all forms of disease germs in
barns, hog pens, cow stables, chicken yards, sinks, drains, etc.,
simply by sprinkling it everywhere. One gallon diluted makes
from 70 to 100 gallons. It also kills lice, mites, ticks, fleas, also
sheep scab, mange, eczema and other parasitic skin diseases.
Meets the United States Government requirements for official
dipping.

If your dealer can't supply you, we will Write for circular.

DR. HESS & CLARK

A»hl»nd. Ohio. V. S. A.

83

How to
Keep Them

POULTRY

How to
Treat Them

Crop Bound.

This is a disease that arises from taking too much or too
coarse food into the crop. It is frequently the result of an
abnormal appetite, from deranged digestion, or lack of variety
in the food supply.

Treatment: As the crop has little to do in the process of
digestion except to hold and moisten the food, it should not be
overloaded. The desire for unnatural food should be corrected
by giving a variety, and a 'good supply of grit. Oil or tepid
water should be poured down the throat and the mass in the
crop kneaded gently to aid in breaking it up. A small quantity
of soda sulphite dissolved in water will prevent fermentation of
the food in thecrop. If the bird is valuable and the mass can-
not be removed, -it may be necessary to cut through and remove
the contents. The cut should be high as possible, so that the
food taken after, which should be limited for a while, will not
escape. The digestive tonics, as gentian, columbo, etc., are
liberally supplied in Dr. Hess Poultrv Pan-a-ce-a, also the
zymocides that will prevent putrefaction and fermentation of
the food and the evolution of gas. This preparation will be
found of great value in fowls prone to indigestion.

Indigestion.

The trouble is due to irregular feeding, or being feed on
one kind of grain too long, dirt, and sour feed with a poor
supply of grit.' The gizzard is the grinding mill of fowls, and

84

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE- 85

instinct has taught them to gather and swallow small stones to
aid in grinding the food.

Treatment: Feed regularly a moderate amount of good,,
clean grain, give a variety such as cornmeal, wheat middlings^
oatmeal and a small amount of lean meat. Mix together and
make damp, but never soft or sloppy. To this add Dr. Hess
Poultry Pan-a-ce-a as directed, and give for the morning feed.
The evening feed should consist of whole grain, and should be
thrown among leaves, chaff, straw or other litter to compel
them to exercise to obtain it. Two feeds a day are enough for
old fowls. Always provide the birds with a good supply oi
sharp grit.

Diarrhoea.

Diarrhoea in fowls is a symptom of intestinal worms, cholera,
indigestion, lice, congestion of the liver, over-feeding, and
possibly some other conditions.

Treatment: Seek the cause and remove it if possible. A
feed of cornmeal and middlings, or oatmeal, made damp with
a tea made from boiling white oak bark, or blackberry roots,
will usually allay the trouble. Camphor water may be used
the same way. A dram of powdered nutgalls may be given to
fifty chickens in the feed. A tablespoonful of Douglas' mix-
ture should be added to the drinking water for twenty-five
fowls, every day or every other day. Douglas' mixture is
made by adding one pound of copperas to two gallons of water,,
After this is dissolved add one ounce of sulphuric acid. Mix>
and when this settles pour off the liquid and it is ready for
use. It should be made in a wooden or earthen vessel. Drc
Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a is also extremely valuable in over»
coming diarrhoea, especially when it arises from indigestion.

Scabies.

Scabies of the legs occurs as a parasitic disease in the fowl
and is commonly known as scaly legs.

Treatment: Oils and fats are not entirely without danger
when applied to poultry, especially to young fowls. The feet
should be cleaned as well as possible, and the scabs removed
after soaking in tepid water. When dry apply balsam of peru
and repeat in a day or two. The run should be sprinkled over
with Instant Louse Killer. The disease is not difficult to cureP
and is not so apt to spread as some other forms of itch.

Depluming:.

Depluming scabbies, or a form of itch, is found in poultry,
It selects the body of the fowl for its abode. It does not burrow
Into the skin,, but lives upon the feathers and epidermis.

86

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE

Treatment: As this is an extremely contagious disease,
She healthy fowls should be placed in a separate run and Instant
I,ouse Killer dusted into the feathers, if any remain, on the
gliseased bird. Dust the pen, roost and everything thoroughly,
Trear aew cases at once, if any arise. Ointments or balsams,
as that - p peru, are effectual, but they are very difficult to
apply. Instant Louse Killer can be dusted into the feathers
when the disease first appears.

Favus.

Favus is a parasitic disease in fowls. The favus generally
begins on the comb, crest or wattles— shown by gray or white,
round or irregular spots, separated at first, but extend, multiply
and become confluent or joined together, forming a thin,
whitish covering over the diseased surface. The crusts gradu=
ally become thicker, and in a few weeks form white dandruff-
like scales; beneath these scales the skin
looks excoriated and tender. From those
parts first affected, and not covered with
feathers, the disease spreads to the neck
and other parts of the body and the
feathers drop out. The cut shows a fowl
suffering from favus.

Treatment: Wash the diseased
parts in a solution of one part Dr. Hess
Dip and Disinfectant to 75 parts of water
which will kill the fungi. A ten per cent.
solution of nitrate of silver will destroy
the parasite, but it turns everything
black and looks bad. It should be ap-
plied with a brush. A very sure and perfectly
remedy is a saturated solution of sulphite or hyposul-
phite of soda applied well over the parts ; this will destroy the
fungi and be free from danger of poison.

Feather Eating.

Feather eating is a vice found most frequently in fowls
slosely housed.

Treatment; Remove the offending bird and watch for
lew cases. Aloes made into a paste and applied to the feath-
ers of the neck will sometimes disgust the offender. Better t©
shop the head off unless the bird is especially valuable.

Sapes.

Gapes is a parasitic disease affecting young fowls. The
worm which causes the disease is developed from the egg of
Its own kind, which contains the embryo of this, parasite.

Head and Neck of ' * cowl Af=
fected with Generalized fa-us.

harmless

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 8T

The gape- worm attaches to the inner surface of the wind-
pipe. The older methods of removing the worm with a small
wire, twisted horse-hair or denuded timothy head or by drop-
ping some liquid, supposed to cause the worm to /^^
relinquish its hold, into the trachea is not only at- ^?jjv
tended with danger even in the hands of a skilled |||
operator, but is too tedious and unsatisfactory to ft I ^--w
receive general favor. Dr. Hess Poultry Pan- f 60h
a-ce-a is a safe, convenient and thoroughly effec- |jl f|p|
tive remedy. It never fails to give most excellent vjA iSl
results when given to young fowls early and regu- vj\ | «m
ularly. If Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a is given ^\\®Jl
regularly once a day after the fowl are one week \vWI

old there will be no loss from gapes. Its action ^SKI

is through the blood, from whence the worm gains /BR

its nutrition by drawing from the delicate lining ®W

of the trachea. Disinfect the premises with Dr. Gape- Worm,
Hess Dip and Disinfectant.

Cholera.

Cholera in fowls is an acute infectious disease, endemic or
epidemic, characterized by copious watery dejections and great
prostration in strength.

Symptoms: The first indication of disease may be shown
by the bird appearing slow and indifferent, remaining alonef
half asleep, with the feathers of the neck standing up and the
wings drooping. As the disease advances these symptoms are
more marked; great wellness supervenes; the eyes are closed
and the head resting upon the ground, motion difficult and un-
steady. The head is pale or bluish white; the excretions,
which in health are white, are tinged with yellow. This
symptom of yellowish of the urates (that part of the excrement
which is thrown off by the kidneys) is pecular to this disease.

Causes: This disease may arise spontaneously by filth and
poor ventilation, over-crowding or other debilitating causes
which render the fowls very susceptible or less able to resist
the poisonous germs of infection, but by far the most frequent
cause is by contagion or by coming in contact or taking the
poison directly into the body. It has been quite conclusively
demonstrated that the germs of cholera are not volatile and
birds close to an infected pen will remain healthy for months
if no solid substance to which the diseased germs can adhere
are conveyed to the healthy fowls.

Prevention and Cure: Heat destroys the cholera germ.
If the food or drink be boiled or heated to boiling point, and
fed from vessels cleansed with boiling water, it will remove
this source of infection. The birds should be fed through ft

®@ DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

slatted partition, as their feet may be a source of infection.
All healthy birds should be removed from the infected pen,
(Do not remove sick birds, as the pen is already infected.)
Remove all the droppings or other filth. Sprinkle every part
of the pen with Instant Louse Killer and do it well. Repeat
every three or four days.

Give the sick birds Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a regularly as
directed. Give those not affected the Pan-a-ce-a as a preventive.

Coops and rooms should be thoroughly disinfected with
Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant.

Simple Catarrh.

This is a simple inflammation of the mucous membranes of
the nose, eyes and the ducts leading from the eyes to nostrils.
The mouth, larynx, pharynx, and upper portions of trachea
(windpipe) may also be the seat of catarrh. In catarrh the dis=
charge is slight, watery and does not emit much, if any, odor.
Catarrh arises from exposure to cold, and wet, to filthy runs, etc0

The treatment of catarrh is simple and consists first in
removing the cause, such as exposure to cold draughts, wet
ftin, want of cleanliness, etc., giving the birds a clean, light
dry run, treating them with tonics in warm tood. As a tonie
with the morning feed nothing equals Dr. Hess Poultry Pan=
s-ce-a. In fact, this remedy is all that is required, where care
of the flock as suggested above has been observed. When the
discharge from the inflamed mucous membrane becomes thick>
purulent and fetid, the disease is then known as

Roup.

Roup results from close air, extreme variations in tempei
suture between day and night, or sudden changes as cold waves
iamp houses, draughts of cold air striking the birds, especially
while on the roost, etc. ; associating with birds already affected,
Improper food and filthy water, over- crowding, filth or othef
influences that tend to lower the vitality of the fowl.

The introduction of a diseased bird or one that has appar-
ently recovered from disease will often be the cause of many
new cases in the run. Purulent discharges dropping from the
nostrils of a diseased bird into the feeding trough or drinking
vessel may be the direct cause of the canker mouth and throat.

Birds that have suffered from a severe attack of roup should
not be kept for breeding stock, as their chicks are almost sure
to be delicate and develop roup upon the slightest exposure.

Symptoms: The first symptoms of roup may be a slight
drowsiness, diminished appetite, redness of the mucous mem-
branes with a watery discharge from the nostrils, which soon*

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 89

becomes thick and yellow in color, bubbles appear in the cor-
aers of the eyes and the nasal discharge dries around the ori-
fices, closing them. The bird will sneeze and shake its head
in its effort to dislodge the offending matter. The eyes become
swollen and cheesy masses appear beneath the lids, cankerous
sores appear in the mouth and throat; if the mucous membrane
of the throat becomes much inflamed the breathing becomes
difficult and the bird makes a wheezing noise, especially while
on the roost. If the swelling is very bad or the nostrils become
pasted shut, the bird will keep the mouth open to obtain air„
Nodules often form upon the comb, about the eyes or even
upon the tongue. These large warty growths entirely close
the eyes, or when situated upon the tongue prevent the bird
from taking food. In severe cases of roup the discharge
becomes yellow and very offensive, the whole head seems to be
filled with pus of the most offensive character, the bird is
unable to eat, becomes weak and soon dies.

Treatment: The fowls should be given the very best sur-
roundings before any treatment is attempted. It is useless to
make local applications or give remedies internally, so long as
the birds are housed in a damp run, are exposed to draughts of
cold aii, or compelled to eat food or drink water that has
received the discharges from diseased birds, or while the birds
are over-crowded or kept in a filthy place. Provide a clean,
dry, well-lighted place for diseased birds. Disinfect the run
by using Instant Louse Killer freely. This destroys the poison
of disease, and, being in powder form, does not cause the
dampness so objectionable in liquid disinfectants. Scald out
the drinking vessels and feeding troughs every day.

For mild cases good care with Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a
in the morning feed will be all that is necessary to effect a cure.
The Pan-a-ce-a is an excellent tonic, besides having special
properties which counteract the poison of roup. It should be
given regularly to all birds affected with this disease. As a
local application equal parts of peroxide of hydrogen and water
applied with a soft brush or injected into the nostrils with a small
syringe is good treatment; an ounce of creolin dissolved in four
ounces of water may be used the same way with good results.
A dram of powdered blue stone dissolved in two ounces of
water makes a splendid application for indolent canker sores.
It should be applied with a camel's hair brush to the sores only,
If diluted with eight times the amount of water it makes a
good injection for the nostrils, a small amount can also be
dropped into the eye if the discharge is profuse.

Nitrate of silver thirty grains to the ounce of water, is a
good remedy to apply to the unhealthy or indolent cankers.

90

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

This is a very strong solution and should be applied, only to
the canker. Monsel's solution is also a splendid application
for canker sores or unhealthy growths or ulcers about the
comb. Two or three grains of sulphate of zinc dissolved in
an ounce of water is excellent for those cases in which the eyes
are badly swollen and the discharge is profuse. A drop or two
should be put into the eye twice a day with a dropper.

For severe cases, characterized by enlarged head, canker in
the mouth, very disagreeable discharge from the eyes and nos-
trils, the following treatment is probably the best and most satis-
factory that can be empk>3Ted. Take a bucket nearly full of
warm water, pour on top of the water three or four ounces of
kerosene oil. The oil will remain on top of the water. Take
the diseased bird by the bead and legs and dip the head into
the oil so that the eyes are covered, hold a few seconds, take
the head and wipe dry; do not be too slow in taking out the
bird or in wiping the head dry or the feathers will come out
It is seldom necessary to repeat the application, and where
good care is observed with tonics, such as Dr. Hess Poultry
Pan-a-ce-a, given internally, almost every bird so treated will
make a speedy recovery. Disinfect everywhere with Dr. Hess
Dip and Disinfectant; put a few drops in the drinking water „

Lice.

There is little doubt but that the many cases of so-called
cholera among fowls is not cholera at all, but some other and
unrecognized disease, or their real trouble may be found in not
a few cases directly traceable to lice.

A case in point is that of a farmer who insisted that his
fowls d;ed of cholera, and that cholera was always caused by
or accompanied by lice, and that a line of treatment directed
against lice always brought great improvement in his cholera
patients. No doubt the myraids of lice that infested his birds
were the true cause of the trouble. When your chicks or
turkej's become weak, sick and debilitated, refuse to eat, sit
around with eyes half closed, feathers ruded, wings drooping,
or they have diarrhoea, and keep up a plaintive cry look
out for the large gray head-lice, a single one of which will kill
a chick or young turkey. Lice will kill fowls almost as rapidly
and surely as cholera, and while we do not recommend our

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 91

Poultry Pan-a-ce-a as a preventive or a destroyer of these
parasites, it will be found of the greatest utility in toning up
the fowls, while other means may be directed to the destruc-
tion of lice.

Instant Louse Killer will destroy these pests at once,
and is lasting, cheap and easily applied. The small mite
which infests the roosts and pen and visits the birds at night
is not much less annoying to the fowls, although less danger
ous to life. They leave the bird to hide in the cracks or filth
of the pen and attack the fowl when opportunity affords.
The large gray louse never leaves the fowl except by accident ,

There are many varieties of different lice that infest the
domestic fowls. The rapid development and multiplication oi
these insects is most wonderful, thousands developing from a
single pair in the course of a few weeks. Filth, heat and dry
weather favor the development and propagation of these para
sites. No disease of domestic fowls is so persistent, destruc
tive and difficult to completely remove as phthiriasis (lousi
ness). It is only by persistent efforts and continued warfare
against these parasites that they can be kept in subjection
Instant Louse Killer is the very best article so far found to
destroy these pests, and its effects are largely due to its powui
to cleanse and destroy putrefactive matter. It is non-poison=
ous to higher forms of animal life, but speedily destroys low
animal organisms.

Apoplexy.

This disease occurs among fowls that are very fat. The
heavier breeds are most prone to suffer. The attack is sudden,
no previous illness being shown. Fowls suffering from ap-
oplexy often drop from the perch dead, are found dead on the
nest, or from some slight exertion expire.

Treatment: Cut down the amount of food, especially fat
forming food such as corn, and compel birds to take exercise.
Laxatives also are of advantage. A dram of sulphate of soda
dissolved in a small amount of water, and used to moisten the
food for twenty to thirty chickens acts nicely as a laxative.

Leg Weakness.

Leg weakness is the name commonly applied to a condition
in fowls, characterized by an irregular, weak, uncertain mo-
tion when the bird attempts to move. All degrees and stages
of disease may occur, even from a slight irregularity or un-
certainty in the step when the bird attempts to walk, to total
inability to progress, and even to stand is a feat beyond the
strength of the bird. Sometimes the fowl will attempt to
walk, but suddenly tilt forward or backward and extend its

92 DR. HESS * SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

wings to aid in preserving its equilibrium. The appetite very
often remains good, and the fowl will greedily swallow any
food that happens to come within its reach, or will even make
an effort to reach food in sight.

Cause: The cause of this disease is no doubt largely due
to improper food or to the want of proper digestion and assim-
ilation of the food taken. Young birds of the larger and
heavier breeds, whose growth is very rapid, are most frequently
affected, but this rule is not without exceptions.

It is an admitted fact by physiologists that certain kinds of
food go to repair the tissue and the formation of muscular
fibre, while another class supplies heat for the body and forma-
tion of fat. If these foods are not each supplied to meet the
special requirements the bird must suffer to that extent. Dur-
ing the growth of bone, muscular tissue and feathers, a great
quantity of food rich in nitrogen and the mineral salts so nec-
essary for the growth of bone is required. In the mammalia,
or those animals which suckle their young, no food is so nutri-
tious or so well adapted to the growth of the offspring as the
milk of the dam. Cow's milk is found to be rich in the salts
of potash, soda, calcium, iron and others, also to contain
casein, albumin and other nitrogenous bodies which go to the
construction of muscular tissue. Sugars, starches and fats,
when fed alone or to the exclusion of such articles as lean
meat, milk, blood, eggs, beans and other nitrogenous materials,
form too much fat without material for muscle and bone, and
this, no doubt, is the cause in many cases of the disease under
discussion. A great variety of food should be given, and raw,
lean meat and milk should not be overlooked. Dr. Hess
Poultry Pan-a-ce-a will be of the greatest benefit in these
cases, as it contains those salts of iron, potassium, soda and the
bitter tonics, in the most easily digested form and will supply
the salts so necessary for the rapid and well balanced growth
of the young fowl, yet so frequently absent or supplied in very
much too small quantities in the food.

Worms in the Intestines of Fowls.

There are no less than ten different kinds of tape- worms
described and found in the domestic fowl. Besides these there
are numerous round worms that are of no importance, as far as
they are associated with disease. The most common tape-worm
of the fowl is from one to ten inches long, or even longer, and
one twenty-fifth to one-tenth of an inch wide. They are seg-
mented or jointed, the same as those found in man. They are
all provided with small hooklets by which they fasten to the
lining of the bowels. They have no alimentary canal or

DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE. 95

passage-way for food, but each joint is provided with sexual
organs and loaded with eggs; these joints become detached
from the head of the worm and may be found in the droppings
of the fowl.

Fowls that bear numerous tape- worms lose their appetite, be-
come poor in flesh, dull and feeble, wander off alone, and sit with
the head under the wing with the feathers standing out. Diar-
rhoea, with dizziness and stiffness of the legs have been noticed.

Treatment: The worms may be removed by giving the
fowls a teaspoonful of powdered pomegranate root, for every
fifty chickens, in their food. Or a dram of powdered Areca nut
should be given in the food for thirty fowls. Powdered male
fern may be given in the same dose and manner as Areca nut.
The drug that is selected should be given after a period of ten
hours' fasting, or give Dr. Hess Worm Powder as directed*
The following morning, a soft feed should be given, and a few
ounces of Glauber salts should be dissolved in the water used
to mix the food.

Canker,

Canker may develop from a cold. They appear as indolent
sores about the mouth and mucous membrane.

Treatment: If white, cheesy substances are present
remove carefully and apply, with a swab or brush, Monsel's
Solution. A few applications will overcome the disease,

Woulting.

At the moulting season poultry requires extra care. The
requirements necessary for the growth of feathers tax the
digestive and assimilative powers to their utmost. Foods rich
in nitrogenous materials are especially useful, and Dr. Hess
Poultry Pan-a-ce-a will* be of very great advantage. Its use
should begin early and continue regularly through the season.

Diphtheria.

This is a disease characterized by great prostration of
strength; the feathers are ruffled, birds appear sleepy, the neck
appears stiff, there is fever with discharges from the nostrils
and sticky fluid from the mouth, th^ larynx or top of the
windpipe is swollen and has a red, inliamed appearance; later
on they become purple and discharge a thick, fetid pus, a
tough membrane may form adhering to the walls of the throat.
As this membrane becomes thickened, it may entirely close
the larynx, and cause death by suffocation. It is frequently
associated with paralysis or loss of motion.

Treatment: Place the bird in a warm and even temper-
ature. Dust sulphite of calcium over the diseased part of the
throat two or three times a day; or equal parts of boracic acid

94 DR. HESS SCIENTIFIC TREATISE.

and powdered hydrastis can be dusted into the throat three
times a day to advantage.

If cankers appear within the throat, touch with a solution
of ten grains of nitrate of silver to an ounce of water. Give
gruels, such as raw eggs with beef tea, followed with tonics,
or syrup of hypo-phosphites is an excellent article in the later
stages. This should be followed with a long continued course
of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a.

Mites.

Mites are small lice which lodge in the crevices and cracks
of the pen during the day and attack the fowls while on the
roost at night. They are extremely annoying and difficult to
destroy. They can be completly eradicated from the premises
by the use of Instant Louse Killer strictly as directed.

Blackhead in Turkeys.

Blackhead is a malignant, contagious disease of turkeys.
It is called blackhead because the heads of those affected usu-
ally turn yellow or black, but this is only a symp-
tom, as the true seat of the disease is in the liver
and intestines.

The lining or mucous membrane of the intes-
tines, especially the pronged blind portion of the
bowels, is ulcerated and thickened, as shown in cut,
the liver contains numerous abscesses and is mottled
and broken dowrn. The bird becomes infected early
in life, and is then capable of transmitting the dis-
ease by means of the discharges to other fowls feed-
ing from the same run.

Symptoms: The fowls have a sleeply, dejected Bowel?
look, the heads turn yellow or black, the droppings are thin
and yellow, the appetite is lost, the fowls are quite thirsty,
become very poor, and usually succumb in 4 to 6 days. The
disease is most prevalent in the latter part of July or August
and at the beginning of cold weather in the Fall.

Treatment: Turkeys should be given a tablespoon ful of
Drl Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a once a day to every 1 5 or 20, mixed
with ground feed in the morning, and add only sufficient water
to make it thick and crumbly. Feed from scalded troughs.
Pan-a-ce-a will not cure in every case, but it will do much to the
retard progress of dise^c&*«u improve the condition of the fowl.

If blackhead is known to be present all the droppings should
be carefully collected and burned, birds should be changed to
a new run and roosts, sprinkle with Dr. Hess Dip and Disin-
fectant. Drinking vessels and feeding troughs should be
scalded out frequently.

DR. HESS POULTRY PAN-A-CE-A
-©-PAYS THE GROCERY BILLS-®-

There is absolute certainty about the result of feeding Dr.
Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a; it is simply another illustration of
cause and effect. Dr. Hess (M. D., D.V. S.) has studied the
egg making process and we submit this poultry book as evidence
of his ability to formulate a poultry preparation that he caa
positively guarantee to ma^e hens lay.

767 Eggs from 37 Hens.

JOHN W. TINSON, 47 Main St., So. Weymouth, Mass., says: "I fed
Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a to 40 young pullets that commenced to lay in
November, did not make any account cf them until December 1st. Com-
menced to feed in December and got 152 eggs. In January got 371 eggs;
February, the month that I thought they would lay the best, I did not feed
any Pan-a-ce-a, and got 329 eggs. The 1st of March commenced to give
Poultry Pan-a-ce-a and got in this month 767 eggs from 37 hens. I am
satisfied it pays to use Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a. ' *

SOLD ON A WRITTEN GUARANTEE.

Manufactured by DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

INSTANT LOUSE KILLER KILLS LICE

Instant Louse Killer is guaranteed to destroy lice on
poultry, stock of all kinds, ticks on sheep, bugs on cucumber,,
gquash and melon vines, cabbage worms, slugs on rose bushes;

etc. Statistics prove that 50 per
cent of the yearly poultry hatch
is destroyed by diseases and lice,
and egg production is materially
decreased.

InstantLouse Killer is a powder
put up in round cans with per-
forated tops, and can be conven-
iently dusted on setting hens,
nests, roosts and
about the poultry
house. It is also a
disinfectant and de-
odorizer, therefore,
destroys the germs
of disease and keeps
poultry houses
healthy.

No poultry raiser that once tests the merits of this scientific
preparation, for five times its cost, would ever again be
without it.

Your dealer will supply you with Instant Xouse Killer with
the understanding that if it doesn't give»entire satisfaction in
every particular your money is to be refunded.

NO TIME TO LA Y

when fighting lice.

J. J. MORI ARTY, Greenville, Iowa, says: *« I have used Instant
Xouse Killer for lice on horses, cattle, etc., and have also used it for bugs
on cucumber vines, cabbage, etc., and will say I have never had a failure
from it, and can conscientiously recommend it".

\ SOLO ON A WRITTEN GUARANTEE.

Manufactured by DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.