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LaP.Gr S7745el
Ssymank, Paul
Elementary Polish grammar. KEY.
^rcsenteb to of il]e
Putersttg of Toronto
PROFESSOE B.E. SHORE
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Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer
for the study of modern languages
Ssy m an k
Key
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to the
Elementary Polish Grammar
Julius Groos, Heidelberg
L^ PGr Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer.
S 77^SeE.
Key
to the
Elementary
Polish Grammar
by
Professor Paul Ssymank, Phil, Dr.
180«
b*nm1if1iHi9riHi&f>>V '^-
Heidelberg. Julius Groos, Publisher.
1921 50981-5
.A-i
The Gnspey- Otto -Saner Slethod has become my sole property .by right of purchase. These books are continually revised. All rights, especially those of adaptation and translation into any language, are reserved. Imitations and fraudulent im{)ressions are forbidden by law. Suitable communications always thankfully received.
Heidelberg. Julius Oroos.
1. The siin^eyor is not attentive. 2. Fortune is blind. 3. The carpenter is not industrious. 4. The Jesuit is wise. 5. The woman is virtuous. 6. This man is quarrelsome. 7. The coimcillor is cautious. 8. The robber is cruel. 9. Men are virtuous. 10. Artisans are industrious. 11. Wives are diligent^ husbands often are idle. 12. The peasant often is quarrelsome. 13. The surveyor is cautious. 14. The carpenter is diligent. 15. The treasurer is attentive. 16. The poet often is celebrated. 17. Tlie bread is good. 18. My predecessor is good.
2.
1. Wiesniak jest cnotliwy i pilny. 2. Ta kobieta jest szczQsliwa. 3. Podskarbi jest ostrozny. 4. Ta kobieta jest slepa. 5. Ten wielki poeta polski nazywa sie Mickie- wicz. 6. Ostrozny dzierzawca gospodaruje pilnie. 7. Woje- woda poznanski nazywa si^ Opalenski. 8. Moj dzier- zawca jest dobry. 9. Ciesla jest pilny. 10. Ten dozorca jest uprzejmy. 11. Chleb jest wielki. 12. Ten czlowiek jest m^dry, a ta kobieta jest piQkna. 13. Ten wielki poeta francuski nazywa sIq Racine. 14. Ten chlop jest leniwy. 15. Ten poeta angielski jest slawny. 16. Ta pracowita i pilna kobieta nazywa sIq Jozefa. 17. Grecki zbojca jest okrutny. 18. Jak sIq nazywa wielki poeta nie- miecki? 19. Gdzie jest chleb? 20. Moja zona nie jest klotliwa.
Rozmowa.
Who is cruel? The robber is crael.
Who is attoiitive? The surveyor is attentive.
Where is the carpenter? The carpenter is there.
What is blind? Fortune is blind.
Who is good? Father is good.
Is the councillor wise? Yes, sir, he is wise and dili-
gent. Is the treasurer polite? Yes, sir, the treasurer is jpo-
lite.
1*
_ 4 —
3.
1. The carriage is shut. 2. Life is short, art is long. 3. The soul is immortal. 4. The treasure is great. 5. He drinks wine and eats bread. 6. The laAV is necessary. 7. Coldness is disagreeable. 8. The carriage costs six hundred marks. 9. The body is mortal. 10. the rich man is avaricious. 11. The school is necessary. 12. Truth is (well) known. 13. A friend is as necessary as health, 14. The cap costs Ipss than the hat.
1. Szkola jest zamkniQta. 2. Kosciol jest peten (pelny). 3. Czapka kosztuje szesc marek. 4. Przykry glod i wiel- ki mroz bogaczowi nie s^; znane. 5. Dozorca pije wino i je chleb. 6. Przyjaciel jest skarbem. 7. Dusza jest niesmiertelna. 8. Swiatlo jest potrzebne. 9. Czapka jest pi(?kna. 10. Ubostwo jest przykre. 11. Slohce jest gwiazda. 12. Mam kapelusz. 13. Bogacz czQsto nie, ma przyjaciela. 14. Zycie jest szko^. 15. Wino dla zdrowia nie jest potrebne. 16. Moj przyjaciel jest cnotliwy i pilny. 17. Wino w^- gierskie jest dobre i kosztuje mniej niz wloskie luh fran- cuskie. 18. Niemieckie wino jest takze dobre. 19. Moj przyjaciel pije wino niemieckie. 20. Swiatlo jest cz^sto przykre.
Rozmowa.
Where is the carriage? The carriage is there.
How much does the cap cost? Tlie cap costs six marks.
What is immortal? The soul is immortal.
Is coldness disagreeable? Yes, sir, coldness is disagree-
able.
AVhat does the rich man drink? The rich man drinks wine and
water.
Who has my wine? He has your wine.
How much does the wine cost? The wine costs six marks.
1. In the countr^^, where there are many marsh<' there live herons. 2. The heron is a wading bird. 3. Heron live near the lakes. 4. The heron is a cautious hir.l. 5. The heron is difficult to shoDt. 6. My sister has books in her mother-tongue. 7. My comfort is that this war is not (= does not last) long. 8. The Polish waywodes love the king of their country. 9. The books of the pupils arc in the class on the forms. 10. The Polish king John Sobjeski often chased the heron. 11. The mother- tongue is the language of the mother, the father, the sisters and th^
brothers. 12. John Sobjeski was a brave and celebrated Polish king. 13. The docnments of the judge are in the room of the clerk. 14. Herons and falcons are birds. 15. The ears, the eyes and the Avhole face of this gentleman resemble (that of) his father. 16. My friends live in Germany.
6.
1. Jestesn^y w iklasie. 2. Moja klasa jest wielka.
3. W klasie sc\, lawki, katedra, krzeslo, kreda i gabka.
4. Naucyciel jest na katedrze, a uczniowie ssi na lawkach.
5. Katedra i krzeslo sq, dla nauczyciela. 6. Tablica i lawki &^_ dla uczni (or uczniow). 7. Nauczyciel ma gt-\bkQ i kredQ na katedrze. 8. G^bka jest zolta. 9. Tablica jest wielka. 10. Daj mi bron. 11. Kazdy ojciec kocha dzie- ci. 12. Ojciec i matka kochaj^i dzieci. 13. Brat kocha siostr^. 14. Moi bracia nie lubin^ ksij^zek. 15. Czapla jest ptakiem, ktory zyje w bagnie. 16. Ksiq.zki Cycerona s^ slawne. 17. Psy s^^ zwierz^tami. 18. Ci panowie sq, bracmi ksi^dza. 19. Polacy kochaja JagiellQ i JadwigQ, zonQ tego ki-ola. 20. Daj mi chleba, ojcze. 21. Cialo czlowieka jest smiertelne", ale dusza jest niesmiertelna. 22. Wiarus kocha wojn?. 23. Kazdy czlowiek kocha mowQ ojczyst^? 24. Nowy zamek krola jest dtizy i pi^kny. 25. Moj ojciec i moj brat Sci kupcami.
Rozmowa,
What wine do you like, sweet I only drink dry wine.
wine or dry wine? Who sings a song of Chopin ? My daughter sings a song of
Chopin. Do you know the father of I do not know the father of
your friend? my friend, hut I know his
uncle. Do you already ruulersfand the No, sir, I do not.
first Polish conjugation? Do you know the works of Adam Certainly, I have the works of
Mickiewicz? tliis poet at home.
7.
1. The kindness of God is great. 2. Before God all men are equal. 3. God as a ghost is invisible. 4. The laws of God are wise and holy. 5. All nations have the belief in God. 6. Confide in God, and God will help you. 7. .Tesus Christ was the son of God. 8. (Jesus) Christ nomi- nated twelve apostles. 9. The names of the apostles are known. 10. The faith of the a|)Ostles was great and vigo- rous. 11. The apostle St. l^aul lived at Rome. 12. He wrote
— 6 —
many letters. 13. The name of the "apostle (St.) Paul is known. 14. The apostle (St.) Paul had aji advantage beloic the other apostles. 15. The brothers of the priest weif in his hotise. 16. The knight often is on horseback. 17. The horses of the knights please the judge (pan is not to l>e translated). 18. The sword was the knight's weapon in war. 19. In the town there are the houses of the merchants. 20. Oh, merchant, where is the house of the baker? 21. The teacher with his pupils is at school. 22. The pupils are in the field in the afternoon (instead of: after noon).
1. Jezus Chrystus zyt w kraju Zydow. 2. On jest kro- lem krolow. 3. Naznaczyl Pawla apostolem. 4. Zona jest towarzyszk^ mQza. 5. Wszyscy aniolowie (or a- nieli) kochajt'i Boga. 6. Imi^ Boga jest swi^te. 7. Daj mi r6z(j! 8. Roza jest pi^kna. 9. Ufaj dobroci Boga. 10. GalQzie d^bu sa silne.
Rozmowa.
Wliat is the angol? The angel is a spirit.
To whom did God give an ad- God gave the angel an ad- vantage before man? vantage before man.
Are ghosts invisible? Yes (sir), ghosts are invisilde.
Is the ant industrious? Yes (sir), tlie ant is industrious.
AVhen did St. Paul live at Rome? He lived at Rome at the iim<? -
of the Emperor Nero.
Is [your] father at home ? No, sir, my faiher is at the war.
9.
1. The sound of the bell is agreeable to the pujiils.
2. He who despises his parents, despises himself. 3. The balls make holes. 4. The war of the enemies was unhapj)'?. 5. Do not confide in war. 6. This soldier is unhappy. 7. The flatterer is hypocritical. 8. The causes of illnesses • are different. 9. This monarch made an unhappy war. >.: 10. 1 saw the just monarch. 11. In Poland the enemies j ravaged the field(s) of the lords and the peasants. 12. Angels are the servants of God and the guards (watchmen) of men. 13. War often is the cause of illnesses. 14. The monarch is at the head of the soldiers. 15. In war the soldier defeats the enemy by courage and willi Hi:- weapon.
10. 1. Boniba nie jest lekka. 2. Widzialem juz granat.
3. Kula armatnia robi dziury w murze. 4. Sila procliu jest znana. 5. Ulalem knlo. (5. Mouarchowie })rowadzili
— 7 —
wojiiy. 7. Bomba pustoszy mur. 8. Tea kiaj jest nie- sczesliwy. 9.^Przyczyna choroby jest nieznana. 10. Nie ufaj pochlebconi. 11. Widzialeni w zamku krola i jego zonQ 12. Ten narod jest nieszcz/jsliwy. 13. zolnicrz to w rzyszy monarsze. 14. Brat moj towarzyszy rodzicom. 15 Ten wielki poeta polski nazywa siQ Juljusz Slowacki.
16. SwiQty Pawel zyl w Rzymie, gdy tarn zyt cesarz Neron.
17. Choroba mego brata nie jest zarazliwa.
Rozmowa.
Is the sound of the mother- Yes (sir), the sound of the mo- tongue agreeable? ther-tongue is agreeable to
everybody.
Does the cannon-ball make ho- Yes (sir), the cannon-balls make les in the wall? large holes m the wall. .
What was the reason of this I do not know, the reasons of ^3^j.9 war are different.
-What was the cause of his ill- The cause of his illness is un- ness? known.
11.
1 Handwriting is necessary. 2. The use of science is great. 3. The building of the (human) body shows power. 4 The cleanliness of the (human) body sei-ves health. 5. The grand-duchy of Posen now has the following towns : Posen, Bromberg, Ginesen, Lissa, Koscian (Kosten), Buk, Inowrodaw (Hohensalza). 6. In the Holy Scripture thej-e are excellent doctrines. 7. The building (structure) of the eye is full of wonders. 8. Smoke is noxious for the eyes. 9 At Posen there are fine churches and a new castle; m the castle (there) are rooms. 10. The eai-th and the sky (instead of: skies) are the work of Grod. 11. The town (of) Rome is, in Italy; at Rome there are many churches. 12. Oh, son, where are the hats of (your) brothers ? 13. Oh, children, love God and (your) parents. 14. Before the church there were many men with colours.
12.
1. Czlowiek jest czQsto bardzo nieszczQsliwy. 2. W \em dziecku jest dobre serce. 3. Czystosc ciala jest pozy- teczna. 4. W oczach odbija si? dusza czlowieka. 5. Ko- lor wlosow jest rozmaity. 6. W morzu znajduj^ siq duze i male ryby. 7. Kto ma slawne nazwisko, jest dluznikiem swoich przodkow. 8. Brat moj jest w Gnieznie, a ojciec Av Bvdgoszczy. 9. \V Poznaniu znajduje siQ zamek krola. 10. Pozytek pisma jest wielki. 11. Wynalazek prochu byl dla ludzi pozyteczny. 12. Widzialem Gniezno i Leszno.
— 8 —
13. Miasto Poznan jest wielkie. 14. Ojciec dziecka jest kupcem. 15. Dym jest dzieciom szkodliwy.
■'''•/Avwa. What is the use of hjuidwritiiig ? The use of handwriting is great. What are the most important The most important towns are:
towns in the grand-duchy of Posen, Bromberg^ Lissa.
Posen? (most instead of the
comp.) What does a serene foreliead A serene forehead shows a
show? merry and good man.
Is the Holy Scripture known to We only knoAv the Gospel.
you?
13.
1. My father is careful, my mother is economical, the child is good. 2. The wolf is voracious. 3. The bee is not idle. 4. Almost every father is industrious and good. 5. Not every domestic animal is idle. 6. Almost every mother is industrious. 7. The child writes and learns (= in- structs itself). 8. The table is black. 9. The pupils have books on the form and are reading. 10. In the book of the pupil there are fine tales. 11. The children read in the l>ooks of lions, camels, horses, dogs and other animals.
12. A 'fine handwritiug pleases the teachers and all men.
13. The mother is at church Avith all children. 14. All the names of the pupils are not known to the teacher [pan is not to be translated).
14.
1. Ojciec malego dziecka jest dobry i pilny, pracuje w miescie, a takze w zamku. 2. Wielkie okna pi^knego zamku krolewskiego ssi, otwarte. 3. Pszczoly s;i pilnemi zwie- rz^tami. 4. Widzialem pilne pszczoly. 5. Oszcz«;dna i troskliwa matka zna pozytek czystosci. 6. Woly wicsniaka sq czQsto czarne. 7. Nie ufaj "zlym pochleboom! 8. Ufaj Bogti i dobrym ludziom. 9. Brat moj jescze nie zna przy- krej choroby troskliwej matki. 10. Prawie kazdy uczeii w klasie mego brata czyta piesni poety polskiego Adama Mickiewicza.
Rozmowa.
Is (your) father good? Yes (sir), my lather is very-
good.
Are the wolves voracious? All wolves arc voracious.
Of what do you speak? We speak of the bees, which
ar« not idle.
Where are the children? The children are at school.
Are the children industrious? Not all (of them) are industri-
ous.
— 9 —
15.
1. The white table was short and heavy; the last form was long and heavy. 2. The small lamb is not dear.
3. The brother is not so good as the little sister. 4. The domestic animals are useful to men. 5. The dog is faithful. 6. The brother was at home. 7. The sister resembles the mother, and the son (resembles) the father. 8. A brother does not always resemble his brother. 9. The lamias are in the field; with the lambs there are the children imd the dog (instead of: with the dog). 10. On the table there are books, pens and ink. 11. The baker has a cheap horse ; the rich men have dear horses. 12. Oh, pupil, do you know the French kings and emperors?
16.
1. Wielki Bog byl i jest dobry. 2. Jest dobrym i wiernym ojcem ludzi.^ 3. Zna dobrych i zlych 1-udzi.
4. Ten czlowiek byl jeszcze maly, a juz byl bardzo ziy.
5. Male jagniQ bylo bardzo dobre. 6. Czarny pies byl bardzo zty. 7. Czarne psy sq. tanie, ale te biate psy sa bardzo drogie. 8. Psy s^ wiernemi zwierz^tami. 9. Wi- dziatem biale jagniQ. 10. Pies towarzyszy swemu -panu. 11. Wilk jest dzikim zwierz^ciem. 12. Gdzie byla starsza siostra? — Byla w ostatnim domu. 13. DzieciQ bylo bardzo mlode. 14. Ojciec moj towarzyszy swej mlodej corce i swemu mlodemu synowi. 15. Siostra moja lubi wielkie miasto. IG. Ojciec moj jest zdrowy (or zdrow). 17. Ten czlowiek jest wesoly {or wesol). 18. W zdrowem ciele zdrowy duch.
Rozmowa.
Grood day, sir, how do you do? Thank you, I am well.
I have not seen you for a long I go out very seldom.
time ?
Who accompanies the parents The child accompanies the jia-
to church? rents to church.
Have you a fine book at Jiome? Here is a fine book. Thank you, sir.
17.
1. The father and the mother are good and triendly to the children. 2. The industrious child often is good too. 3. The son writes well, and the little daughter reaiis badly and not aloud. 4. Not every pupil always works nmcli. 5. The brother works much and industriously. G. The sister sings finely and aloud. 7. This colt will be mine. 8. The enemy knows the way. 9. The soldier serves his
— 10 —
monarch faithfully. 10. The dog is faithful to his master.
11. The boys are merry and play merrily. 12. Yesterday I was wi^h my parents at the judge's (who is) a friend of my father; we remained at the judge's for a very long time. 13. To-day, it is calm.
18. 1. Kto byl szkodliwy? Tamten zly czlowiek. 2. Moje dobre dzieci^, ba,dz zawsze pilne, a twoja matka b^dzie zawsze szczQsliwa. 3. Kazde male dzieciQ moze bye pilne, ale nie zawsze szczesliwe. 4. Nasz dobry ojciec byl zawsze zadowolony i szczesliwy, poniewaz byl wesot i zdrow.
5. Co jest ladne, to jest cz^sto drogie. 6. Moja r^ka b^dzie zawsze dosyc silna. 7. W Poznaniu jest teraz nowy nniwersyteti polski. 8. Nauczyciel nie byl wcz^praj w domu, ale dzisiaj lub jutro b^dzie znow w miescie. 9. Siostra moja spiewa malo i rzadko. 10. Ten pan nie b^dzie nigdy dobrym nauczycielem. 11. Badz zawsze pilny, moj przyja- cielu, a b^dziesz pozytecznym cz.lowiekiem. 12. Matka naszego ojca zyje teraz w Warszawie, jest rzadko w Poznaniu.
Rozmowa. Who serves the king faithfully? Tlic soldier serves the king
faithfully. ■\Vlio works industriously? ^ly mother works industriously.
When does the soldier waiit a The soldier wants .a weapon in
weapon ? war.
AVhere do people sing so finely? They sing finely at church.
19.
1. ^ly uncle is healthy, yoiir aunt is. healthier, our child is healthiest. 2. The servant is coarser than, the master. 3. My knife is blunt, hut yours is blunter. 4. The uncle is happier than the grandfather, the grandmother is older than the aunt. 5. The white tooth is the healthiest.
6. ;My book is more useful than yours. 7. Iron is the most useful metal. 8. The citizen is good. 9. My servant is bad. 10. The churches axe higher than the houses. 11. In the country men are by far healthier than in the towns.
12. Berlin is the largest txDwn of Germany; in Berlin there dwells the president of the German republic. 13. Illness is a worse evil than poverty. 14. The nightingale sings the most finely of all birds.
20.
1. Moja i)if;kna ksif^zka jest pozyteczniejsza niz twoja. 2. Gwiazda byla i)i(;kna, ksiQzyc is pi(^kniejszy, a slonce
— 11 —
bylo najpiQkiiiejsze. 3. Im lepsze i cigzsze wiiio, tern niebezpieczniejsze. 4. Najkrotsze jest zycie, najdiuzsza Aviecznosc. 5. Kto za duzo i za ci^zko pracuje, ten iiie moze bye dlugo zdrow i wesol; kto proznuje, ten tez nie moze bye szcze.slhvy. 6. Wi^ksze domy sa drozsze niz mniejsze. 7. W mniejszych miastach domy sa tansze niz w duzych. 8. Najwi^ksze miasta nie zawsze sq^ najpiijk- niejsze. 9. Najpi^kniejsi iudzie nie zawsze sa najzdrowsi i najlepsi. 10. Zycie czlowieka jest dluzsze niz zycie zwierzat. 11. Burmistrz naszego miasta jest moim wujem, pracuje pilniej niz jego poprzednik. 12. Badz pilniejszy niz twoja siostra, synu moj !
liozmowa.
Who is sadder the industrious The industrious daughter is not
daughter or the idle brother? sad, she is merry.
What wild beast is the strong- The lion is the strongest ani-
est? rnal.
"What is l>etter, good beer or Crood beer is l)etler liian bad
bad wine? wine.
Where stands the largest tree? There it stands.
What tower is the highest? At Ulni there is the highest Ger- man tower.
21.
1. I go to the brother, home. 2. I got a present from my father. 3. Without attention it is difficult to learn [something]. 4. He went from home without boots and he returns home enriched. 5. The love of the children for [their] parents and [that] of the parents for their children is great. 6. I was born at Posen, and you were born at Warsaw. 7. I went to fetch the dress. 8. If you wish, (instead of: you wish and) I shall march against the superior power. 9. Without industry instruction is difficult. 10. During springtime it is more agreeable in the country than in town. 11. The teacher's house is opposite the church. 12. Amongst the pupils there are more industrious than idle ones. 13. In a healthy body there lives commonly a healthy soul. 14. In summer there are storks in our fields, in winter there a,re no storks. 15. Seas are more profound than rivers. 16. I shall walk behind the town. 17. The father returns with his son from Posen. 18. Among men there are good ami bad ones. 19. Give me bread instead of money. 20. During the war these men dwell at their brothers' and sisters' in town.
— 12 —
1. Ojciec mowil do swoich synow: dzieci, bez pil- nosci, nauki i cnoty nie b^dziecie niczem. 2. Pracq. moz- na siQ wzbogacic. 3. Jaskolka powraca z ciepl^ wiosnjiy z jaskolkami i bocianami powracaj^ i inne ptaki. 4. W srodkii miasta znajdiije si^ szkola. 5. Blisko szkoly miesz- ka aasz nauczyciel. 6. Naprzeciw szkoly znajduje sIq; koscioL 7. Moj brat niieszka przy ulicy Szerokiej. 8. Ten dom jest blisko Warty. 9. Ta ksi^izka nie jest dla dzieci, 10. Moja siostra mieszka u mego stryja w Lwowie. 11. Ten chlopiec nczy siQ bez ksif\zek. 12. Dtinaj jest zewnatrz miasta Wiednia. 13. Widziatem pomnik krola, znajduje si? wewn^trz miasta blisko kosciola. 14. WoIq wiosnQ niz. lato. 15. W jesieni b^dzie moja 'dobra matka w Warszawie albo Wiedniu. 16. Czy twoja ciotka byla zifnjj, w Byd- goszczy? 17. Moj dziadek urodzil si? w Paryzii. 18. P6jd§ jutro do miasta.
Rozmowa. '
From whom did your brother My brother got a present imm
get a present? (his) father.
When shall you go to scliool? After New Year I shall go to-
school.
If God is with us, who will be Nobody can be against us.
against us?
With what do people cut down People cut down a tree with
a tree? the axe.
By what do people get rich? By trade and commerce.
23.
1. Between the town and the suburb there stands the town-hall. 2. My friend dwells near Buk, and my parents dwell at Buk. 3. Near the highway there stands a cross. 4. Devils are in Hell. 5. Posen is situated on the Warta. 6. The eagle rose above the clouds. 7. What town is. situated on the Vistula? 8. The nature of the wolf draws him to the wood (= A wild goose never laid a tame egg fprov.]). 9. Men dwell on the mountains, but on the highest mountain,s of the Alps there are no human in- habitants. 10. In the midst of a family there ought to be harmony. 11. Tar is black. 12. My brother got a ])resent from his godfather. 13. Yesterday it rained, to- day the sky is without clouds. 14. In the wood there are higher trees than in the garden. 15. In tbe forests there are oaks, in the gardens there are no oaks generally. 16. The Saviour died on the cross; crosses are in the
— la —
churches. 17. The dog is under the table. 18. Children, creep under the table.
24.
1. Czlowiek powinien pracowac w dnie, spac \v nocy. .2. (On) stara sIq o urzq,d. 3. Za ratuszeni znajduje si^ nowy kosciol. 4. Ta droga prowadzi poza przedmiescie. 5. Djabet mieszka w piekle, jest on niewidzialny jak anio- lowie {or anieli). 6. W lesie stoi "krzyz Zbawiciela. 7. Zgoda mi^dzy ludzmi jest pi^knq, cnot^i. 8. Krakow lezy nad Wislj\, Kolonja nad Reneni. 9. Moj dziadek mieszka pod Warszawq w malej wiosce. 10. Apteka pod Bialym Orlem znajduje si^ za kosciolem przy ratuszu.
Rozmowa.
Did you hear of ^sop and of Yes (sir), I know all of them.
his fables?
Where do you go? I go home.
For what am I to pay? For my difficult work.
Did you hear of the doctors I heard of this great misfor-
death ? tune.
Did you hear of the apothecary Yes, sir, it is near Green
of the "Black Swan" ? Street.
25.
1. The Rhine has two sources and some mouths. 2. One hundred years form a century. 3. Only once we are young. 4. A set of fifteen (mendel) has fifteen, a dozen twelve, and a threescore sixty pieces. 5. Do you know how far it is from here to Posen? — I heai'd, more than seven himdred kilometres. 6. The body of man consists of fifty-eight bones. 7. Columbus discovered America at the end of the fifteenth century. 8. 1/2 + 14 = ^k- 9-5x6 = 30. 10.10 + 12 = 22. 11.8 + 6 = 9. 12.5 + 7 = 12. 13. 8 — 3 = 5. 14. My father was born in 1852.
26.
1. W Londynie jest przeslo dziewi^c tysi^cy ulic. 2. Dwudziesty pienvszy gmdzieh jest najkrolszy, a dwu- dziesty czwarty czierwiec najdluzszy dzieh roku. 3. Daj mi kopQ czyli szescdziesiut sztuk. 4. W wielkich mias- tach jest trzydziesci tysiQcy do stu tyslQcy prozniakow. 5. W grudniu roku tysiq^c dziewi^cset dziesi;\tego w miescie Poznaniu mieszkalo sto piQcdziesif^t szesc tysi^cy szescset dziewi^cdziesia.t sze.sc ludzi; z tych bylo szescdziesiat piec tysiQcy czterysta szescdziesiqt siedem Nicmcow, aosmdzie- si;\t dziewi^c tysi^cy czterysta dwadzicscia osin Polakow. G. Zaczynamy dzieh o polnocy i liczymy odtad dwa-
— 14 —
nascie godzin do poliidnia i tylez do pohiocy. 7. Dom ma od tej strony dwa okiia, a od dragiej szesc okien i dwoje drzwi. 8. Mam dwadziescia dwa lata, moj ojciec ma czterdziesci pifjc, moj brat szesc a iiajstarsza siostra moja ma osiemnascie lat. 9. W roku lysine osiemset siedem- dziesi^ttym byla wojna Niemcow z Fra.ncuzami; Francuzi za- placili pi^c miljardow frankow. 10. Ostatni cesarz nie- miecki nazywa si§ Wilhelm Drugi.
11. Szesc i szesc jest dwanascie. Jedno i siedem jest osiem. Szescdziesiat i dwanascie jest siedemdziesiq;t dwa. — Trzy i osiem jest jedenascie. Siedem i szesc jest trzy- nascie. Dwadziescia pi^c i czteniascie jest trzydziesci dziewi^c. — Dwa i dziesi^c jest dwanascie. Osiem i siedem jest pi^tnascie. Osmnascie i siedemnascie jest trzdziesci pi^c. — Cztery i pi?c jest dziewi^c. Pi^tnascie i trzydziesci jest czterdziesci piQc. Dziewi^tnascie i dwadziescia jedea sa (jest) czterdziesci.
Rozmowa.
How many children have you? I have four cliildren.
How much does this book cost? It costs three marks.
What o'clock is it? It is twelve o'clock.
Has it already struck one? Not yet.
How many hooks have you? We have 360 volumes.
When did Cyrus die? In 529 before Christ.
How many years have we now We have 1920 years since the since the birth of Jesus birth of Jesus Christ.
Christ?
27.
1. The parents love us. 2. Hares have short legs, but their sight is feeble. 3. Nobody brings us flowers and fruits into the town. 4. We shall talce a walk. 5. Courtesy wins friends. 6. People say: I saw him and you (jego i ciebie), b'ut: I saw him (go); I saw you (cIq). 7. He who has fallen in love with himself, begins by himself and sees all porfection(s) in himself. 8. It is difficult to speak to a furious man. 9. How much do you Avish for shaving? — What pleases you! 10. Pass me ink and a pen. 11. I did not speak of them to you, but to your brother. 12. For the first time I saw her at his hotise.
28.
1. Wiosna przynosi nam kwiaty, jesien owoce. 2. Ko-
cham ciQ, bo ty mnie kochasz. 3. Toloie dzis, mnie jutrol
4. Gdzie pan (pani) mieszka (mieszkasz)? 5. Czy pan
(pani) mieska'przy ulicy Szerokiej czy za kosciolem? 6. Jak
— 15 —
sie pan (pani) ma (or miewa, masz)? — ]\Iani sie dobrze. 7. CieszQ si? bardzo. 8. Bog z nami! 9. Kazdy sam dla. siebie. Bog dla nas wszystkich. 10. Ta ksiqzka iiie jest dla ciebie (niego, nas, was, nich) ! 11. Daj mu (nam, im) kwiat. 12. K\^daty sa dla pani (pana), nie dla nas. 13. Moj brat pi'zynosi ksi^^zk? pann, nie mnie.
Rozmowa.
Where do yoii go? I go to the theatre.
What do yoii read? I read the novels of Sieukie-
wicz.
Shall you go to the hall, gentle- We shall not go, as we are ill.
men?
To whom do we owe the great- To the parenfs and the teachers.
est thankfulness ?
Were you at my house yester- (No, sir) I was not.
day"?
Who wishes bad things to him- Nohody wishes bad things to-
self ? himself.
Who will help \;s? Strangers will help us.
29.
1. My kinsmen abandoned me as soon as fortune- turned its face from me. 2. The real hero pardons his enemies. 3. He who has nothing of his own wishes to have that of others. 4. Like wages, like work; like master, like shop; like parents, like children, — but that is not always true. 5. Eveiybody has his meaning. 6. Your daughter lost her things. 7. This pear is juicy. 8. You were beaten with the cane for being rewarded. 9. The corn of our neighbours is already at the baxn, and mine is still in the field. 10. As soon as there is no com in the fields, the fields are empty and less beautiful, but then the gardens are more beautiful, full of reddish apples and juicy pears. 11. In autumn the peasants are in the fields with horses, ploughs and harrows. 12. A monument of Prince Joseph Poniatowski, who was drowned in the (river) Elster, is to be found at Leipzig.
30.
1. Wczoraj spotkalem w naszej wsi starego wiesniaka, ktory tam juz wiele lat mieszka(l). Wracat z pola i l)yl bardzo zm^czony. Mial kosz pelen gruszek i jabtek jia plecach. 2. Czyj dom i czyje to pole? 3. Nie ufaj temu zlemu czlowiekowi! 4. Od kogo mamy wszystko? — Wszystko mamy od Boga. 5. Ojcze nasz, ktorys jest w niebiesiech! Chleba naszego powszedniego daj nam dzisiaj ! 6. Ktora drogq, on idzie? — Idzie drog<-\ do kos-
— 16 —
fiola. 7. Ksi.idz, ktoi'ego tarn spotkalem, nazywa si^ J6- zef Krolikowski. 8. Bylismy u ksi^cia Czartoryskiego, ktorego zaniek jest bardzo pi^kny. .9. Nie dawaj nikomu w szkole tej ksif^zki, ona nie jest dla chtopcow. 10. W stodole, ktor^i widzialem przy domu, jest duzo zboza.
11. Jakie zboze widziales tarn? 12. Czyje zdanie jest lepsze, twoje czy twego brata? 13. Tadeusz Kosciuszko i ksiiiz^ Poniatowski byli ostatnimi wielkimi bohaterami Pola- kow (polskimi). 14. Pomnik Kosciuszki, ktorego narod polski dzis jeszcze kocha, znajduje si^ przy ratuszu w Krakowie.
Rozmowa.
"VVliat guests were at the ball? The prince, the earl and other
gentlemen. Wlrnt was in the court? The cattle, the horse and the
dog. "What merchandise do the mer- The merchants sell colonial pro*
chants sell? duce.
^Vhose books are these? These are the books of my
friends. In whom do you put your hope? I put my hope in myself. "Whose work is the most useful? The work of the peasant.
31.
1. A man being in need cannot be merry. 2. A man being) in -danger often is more courageous. 3. If my brothers were more diligent at school, they would know more now. 4. The Phoenicians got rich by commerce. 5. The youth who does not listen to his parents and his teachers seldom becomes a good citizen. 6.^ Many (men) get poor by buying many unnecessary things, though at a very low price. 7. Asia is the cradle of manldnd. 8. This task was difficult. 9. The angels are invisible. 10. To- morrow we, the children and our parents, \vi\\ be at church; be there too! 11. The horse bought by my father is the tallest and finest of all those which were in the market.
12. Iknow this gentleman, I was with him (= at his house); he has four children, three sons and a daughter.
32.
1. Ludzie pracuji'i, aby nie byli ubodzy. 2. Gdyby nauczyciel byt ostrzejszy, umielibyscie dzis wifjcej; 3. Salomon powiedzial, ze bojazn Boga jest poczq,tkiem mf^drosci. 4. Bez pracy i pilnosci nie b^dziecie aui bo- gaci ani szcz^sliwi. 5. Ten bogaty czlowiek nie zawsze byl szcz^sliwy. 6. Bylo nas w szkole stu uczni {or nczniow) i mielismy czlerech nauczydeli. 7. Bylismy, czem
— 17 —
jestoscie: b^^dziecie, czein jestcsmy. JS. Skowvoiiek josi iiialym piakiein, ktoiy spiewa ladniej niz kos. 9. Pravvie vvszyscy Polacy sa. katolikaini, tylko niewielu jest ewan- ^elikaiiii. "\A' s/.csiuistvin wiekii wielii l*olakn\v bvlo i'waiisclikanii. a [.omicdzy ninii slawne rody polskiej szla-hty jak Gorkowio i Piadziwiflowie. 10. Wojsko b^dzio iiiedlugo na iilicach naszej wsi. 11. Stodoly byly pusle, kiedy je widzialeiii, zbozo bvlo jeszczo na pohi. 12. Bc'\dz zawszo pilny av szkole, syuti nioj ! 13. Powinni bye zawszt" pihii, a beda iiicza diiiijo l)Oi>'a.ci. 14. Zadauia byly czesto za. tiiidnc.
Rozmowa.
AViial o'clock is it? It is samewhat pasi nine o'clock.
Are your satisfied? Certaiiilv. we aie I'lillv satis-
fied. ■ At Avhat o'clock shall you Ite We shall be at duacli at eleven.
at (diurch? Shall you be at the Sax'un .\o (sir), I shall be at the
Garden to-day? Swiss Valley.
What is more aiireeable, sum- Summer is more ajiTeeabh', for
mer or winter? it is warm.
How was the summer ot (= in i Last year, summei- was rainy.
the last year?
33.
1. We have great giief ;uid need, bal i/oii have careless and happy days. 2. Parents often have displeasure. 3. Bad men had not. have not and will not have real friends. 4. We should have more fiiends. if we Avere richer. 5. Have courage and perseveiance, and you Avill be ha})py. (>. Tlie army exists for the purpose of the nations' enjoying peace and freedom. 7. You have a. worthy uncle, that is an inestimable man. 8. They wanted much lime for dressing. 9. The avaricious man loses (everything) t\vic(\ 10. The child had two apples, and mother fhad'i live apph^s: hi»\v many apples had they together"?
34.
1. Ludzic mi('lil)v mniej klopolow, gdybv nic bvli cliciwi. 2. A'ie jeden mialby wi^kszv maja.tek, gdyby byl oszcz(jdny. 3. Przez cale zycio miej Boga przed oczyjna i w sercu. 4. Uniielibysmy wiecej, gdybysniy byli mieli ostrzejszych nauczycieli. 5. ]\[iasto ma bogatycli mieszczan. (i. Ty nie masz ksic^zki, on nie ma. piora. 7. .Tezeli zniwa bQda. dobre. wloscianin bedzie mial duzo zboza w stod'Ole. 8. Rodzice m'oi mieli wielki d'oni \v miesci<'.
Kty to tlio Elemom. Polish Gininimir. '2
— 18 —
9. Mielismy nasze ksic^zki w szkole. 10. Ci mieszczanie bQdji mieh niedhigo wielki majat^k, bvli zawsze pilni i oszczQdni. 11. Ta kobieta miata w swoim koszu sAvieze owoce 1 piQkne kwiaty. 12. Prusy mialy av rokti tysicic dziewi^cset pi^tym trzy miljony trzysta dwadziescia piQc tysi^cy siedemset pi^tiiascie Polakow, w roku tysi^c dziewiQcset dziesicityra juz trzy miljony pi(jcsel tysiQcy szescset dwadziescia jeden. 13. Ten kraj inial cztery miljony dziewi^cset szescdziesicit siedem tysiecv osmset osmdziesic^t czterech mieszkaiicow, wi^ksza ich czQsc zyje na wsi. 14. To miasto b^dzie przy przyszlem hczemu ludnosci moze juz mialo sto siedcmdziesicit tysi?cv mieszkancoAv. B^dzie mialo zawsze duzo zohiierzV, bo jest sihic-i fortecjt i zawsze nia bt^dzie.
Rozmowa.
Sliall you have guests at your My parents and my uncle will
house to-day ? be at our liouse
Have you^ much money? We have twenty-five marks
Has Mr. Turowski consider'ible I lieard that he lias six thousand ^ '^6,^ts? marks of debts,
l^or how long a time were you For two Aveeks.
in the country?
How many inhabitants has tlie I heard that it has almo'^t one town of Warsaw? million of inhabitants.
35.
1. To which' of you is the battle known, in which tlie Great Elector beat the Swedes? 2. In the stniggle of Po- land with the Swedes the Great Elector Frederick William stood on the Swedish side. 3. In the peace of Oliva Brandenburg got a part of Pomerania from Poland, and Prussia became an independent duchy. 4. In the German Empire there hves the little Slavic nation of the Lusatians. 5. Do not drink cold water, when you are heated. 6. In the morning we Avash our face and our hands. 7. This Avater is very cold for AA^ashing, give me a glass of hot Avatcr. 8. If yioti fear to go home alone, Ave shall giA^e you a servant. 9. The armies stood opposite each other for a long time; our chief did not dare to attack the more numerous enemy, but also the enemies feared the valour of our soldiers.
36.
1. Ktore miasto dawniejszego krolestwa polskiego zna (znasz) pan? — Znam Lwow baxdzo dobrze, moja inatka i moje dwie siostry mieszkajti lam przy ulicy swiq-
— 19 —
tego Jozefa. — Czy pan uie iniai lakze brata, gdy bylismv razem w szkole? — Mialem, ale on juz nie zyje, zostat zolnierzem i padl w bitwie pod Paryzem w roku tysi^c osmset siedemdziesiq,tym. 2. Przy podzialach Polski do- slala Austrja GalicJQ, Pinisy ziemie nad Wartq, i Wisl^i, a Rosja resztQ cz^sci. 3. Moj brat stat dtugo przed domem, bal si^ wejsc. 4. Nie boj sIq, kochane dziecko, nikt ci(j nie uderzy. 5. Nie bijcie tych dzieci. 6. Bytem dzis u krawca, szyt surdut, ktory mu wczoraj dalera. 7. Znalezlismy zoinierza na brzegu drogi, zyt jeszcze, ale obawialismy si?, ze dlugo zyc nie b^dzie. 8. Napij siQ tego wegrzyna, jest bardzo dobry; zawsze go ch^tnie pilem i myslQ, ze i w przyszlosci ch^tnie go pic b^d^. 9. Czy pan znal mego ojca? Zdaje mi si^, ze on zyl jeszcze, gdy pan byl ze mnq, na uni- wersytecie. 10. Niech zyje cesarz ! to bylo haslem zolnierzy Napoleona. 11. Pod Lipskiem pobili Prusacy, Rosjanie i Austrjacy cesaiza Napoleona.
Rozmowa.
Who beat the Austrians at Sa- The Prussians beat the Austri-.
dowa? ans at Sadowa.
Where is the village of Sadowa The village of Sadowa is si- situated? tuated in Bohemia.
Did you know the gentleman No, sir, I did not know this
who was with us in the gentleman, shop?
What does the blacksmith do The blacksmith forges iron in
in the forge? the forge.
What tailor sewed your dress? The tailor whose acquaintance
we made yesterday at the trades-union.
Why does this boy stand before He waites for his mother, who
the shop ? is within the shop.
37.
1. A Polish proverb says : Where people cut wood, there splints fall. 2. Oh father, punish yotir son, he belied the teacher to-day, he often lies. 3. The child weeps, when you punish it. 4. The brother of the teacher was drowned, when bathing in the Vistula. 5. The Christian religion orders to love even your enemies. 6. The peasant ploughs (the field) since the very morning; he probably ploughs up all the field to-day. 7. Hannibal would have beaten the Romans at Zama, if he had had more cavaliy and more old (i. e. well exercised) soldiers. 8 . Instead of : thi^* man lies (klamie), we say with despise: he humbugs (Izc). '.). Krasicki, a celebrated Polish poet of the 18^'' ccntun-,
2*
— 20 —
whips, and scoffs in his satires at the huiiuui faults and perversities. 10. You tread on the flowers. 11. The boys whislle, sing and spring into the forest.
38. 1. Polski ksif^ZQ Poniatowski utoujvl podczas odwrolu Francuz6\A^ w'wodach Elstery pod Lipskiem. l^onmik z napisem polskim wskazuje miejsce, gdzie uniarl. 2. Po- jiiewaz pogoda byla pi^kna, ka.palisniy sit; w Warcie. i). W powietrzu spiewaly ptaszki. 4. Na wiosn^ rolnik zaoral pola i posial zboze w brozdy. 5. Nie wysmiewaj starszych i slabych! 6. Moi bracia spiewali piesni ludowe, ktore bardzo kochali. 7. Zaspiewaj takze cos, pokai, CO tiraiesz, a wtedy powiemy ci, co myslimy. 8. Ten slawny poeta sani b(,'dzie jutro wieczorem spiewal swe piesni przed wielkii iiczb^ sluchaczy. 9. Nauczyciele karzji uczniow (uczni), ktorzy ktamiii. 10. Kobiety ptakaly, gdy iui powiedzianu, ze icb bracia uton^li. 11. Pokaz ini dum, gdzie niioszka twoja matka.
Rozmowa,
Did you already bailie iu the 1 bathed at Zoppot this sujii-
seaV mer, and my sister bathes
there still. With what does the peasant The peasant ploughs with the
plough? plough.
When do children connnonly Children commonly weep, when
weep? they are hungry.
ShoAv me your new walch? 1 shall show it you to-morrow,
to-day I have it not witli me. Why do the boys tread on llic Tlicy will stamp it and play
sand? liii'ji al lawn tennis.
39.
1. If J luiv(> nol the o))porUinity of bathing in the sea, 1 like to bathe in flowing water: near our village there Hows a river which has |)ure water. 2. In llie Vistula there swam barges and other steamers. Willi a passenger-steamer there came 1he painter, who paints onr drawing-room in a red colour. 3. My brother travels in Sonthern Germany ; every week he writes letters. 4. Wheji f shall travel, 1, loo, shall oflen write to my parents. 5. Tliese gentlemen always work, [Jioy never axe idle; when liu'y have time free fioin work, they draw, [jaint or hunt.
6. The painter [lainted a beautiftti i)ictnre, now he is drawing.
7. Our nciglibours would honour us more, if we always lived and acted lionestlv. S. The tatiner lans skins and
— 21 — *
works hard. 9. Ho who works is always healthy and salisfiod.
40.
1. Znaleiu |)ana, k(<>ry tylko ()olowal i pr(')ZJVi)\va]. 2. Modi sie i pracuj, iiiawial aioj ojciec. ;-3. zli ludzie, iniaiiowicie stare kobiety ohmawiaja. bliznich. 4. Strzelcy zastrzelili dwa zajj^ce i ugotowali obiad. 5. Ten czlowiek oczemia swych dobroczyncow, on nij^dy nie b^dzie zadowo- lony. (i. Kazdy narod szanujc swych bohaterow. 7. Kto proz- riuje i nigdy nie pracuje. ten b^dzie zawsze iibogi. 8. M(3j szewc wvrcparowat wezuraj nioje buly bardzo i)i\Hlb). 9. Wai"ta przeplywa przez Poznm'i. 10. ^tatko, ezy golujesz
dzis bajszcz? 11. Co jesl na kolacje, panie kehierze?
Mamykapuste kiszon^ z kielbasi\ iflaki. - Podaj mi pan flaki i kieliszek \vQi2,izyna! Albo ezy ma i)an piwo bawarskie? Nie, prosze pana, ale tutejsze piwo jest swieze. — Nie pije ch^tnie tntejszego piwa. Podaj mi pan WQgrzyiia. Ale proszQ szybko, moj poci^g wkrotct^ odjedzie. 12. Po obiedzie czytalisniy w naszych ksi;\zkacli. 13. On poda nam na sniadanie kielbasy z kapiista. i szklnnko piwa allx) kieliszek nalewki.
Ilozmowa.
Shall you still ho iiHc for ;i At r.ncc I he.gin wDckins-
long time?
Did the hunters kill uiany 'I'hcy killcil Iwn doiis.
hares ?
iJo they still hua( ? Xo (sir), huntinsj, is over.
Does the (femalc-jcook alioaily Slu' prepared it already.
prepare dinner?
Do you shnot well? I do not know, as I had no
weapon in my hand siuci; a l;)ng time.
What do you drink connnoiily? I drink pure water and beer.
What water is purer, standing That depends on circunislancos.
or floM'inij; water?
41.
1. A Polish proverb says: There is no lime for roses, when tlio woods are ])urning. 2. He himsell does not know^ what he desires. 3. Willing or unwilling, I was obliged to sell my beautiful horse, as it had fec^t too feeble foi' the pavement. 4. In advanced years hair becomes grey. 5. The pupil paid no attention, Iherefore he did not know what la atiswer. G. Children are to love their parents. 7. You ought to learn your lesson earlier, if you wished to play with your comrades. 8. Dresses hang in the wardrobe. 9. liinls
— 22 —
fly over the sea. 10. The child must instmct itself. 11. The wise man is silent, if it is necessary, the fools often are silent when they ought to speak. 12. Nobody regretted that he was silent, (but) many a man regretted that he spoke. 13. Be silent instantly! 14. This man does not hear well, he is deaf. 15. The cap hangs on the wall. 16. Look at me! 17. Sit quietly, as your neighbour sits.
42.
1. Chory cierpi wi^cej niz zdrowy. 2. Chrystus cierpiq,cy ma bye dla nas Avzorem. 3. M^czennicy cier- pieli czQsto najoknitniejsze m^ki. 4. Chrystus cier- piacy widzial aniola w ogrodzie getsemaiiskim. 5. Chrys- tus musial cierpiec za grzechy ludzkie (ludzi). 6. Gdy Chrystus cierpial na krzyzu, widzieli hidzie zacmienie slonca. 7. Swiety Pawel chcial ciei-piec m^ki jak pan jego Jezas Chrystus. 8. Powinienes zostac w domu. 9. Zol- nierze musieli sIq cwiczyc. 10. Patrz na mnie, patrz w ksif|zk^, patrz presto przed siebie. 11. Zegarek wisi na zlotym laricuszku. 12. Kto siQ nie cwiczy w mowie- iiiu, nie moze dobrze i szybko mowic. 13. To miasto nie lezy ani nad Wartf^, ani nad Wisl^.
Rozmowa.
Do you hear the song of the Yes, I hear il from far.
nightingale ? Did you see the father of thiss Yes, I saw him sometimes and
lady? I spoke to him.
Did you see the eclipse of the I saw it already sometimes.
sun? Can you already read Greek? I cannot yet, for we had not
yet any lesson of Greek. Why did you not reply to my I did not know where you were.
letter earlier? Do you know the proverb: What I know it and know what il. is to he hanged, is not means,
drowned.
43. 1. Bicyclists go on bicycles; formerly when jjcople had no bicycles, all went on horseback or in a carriage. 2. People told me that you want an orderly servajit, (and) I dare offer you my senaces. 3. People say justly about us: You praise what belongs to others (= that ot others), you do not know (what is) your own, you do not know yourselves what you possess. 4. He who committed a great crime, will never have a quiet conscience. 5. Do not judge of men after what they say, but after what they do. 6. Live accor- ding to God's commandment and praise God. 7. With a
— 23 —
greater army Hannibal could have maintained himself in Italy for a longer time. 8. Elephants live for long years. 9. I counsel and I counselled you to be economical with every penny (instead of grosz).
44.
1. Sluzylem u twegj ojca., a ty sluzysz u nas. 2. Pra- cuj, a bQdziesz zawsze zdrowy i zadowolony. 3. Jezeli lubisz zycie, nie marnuj czasu, bo z czasu sklada si? zycie. 4. Apostolowie sluzyli panu Jezusowi Chrystusowi. 5. Wierzyli, ze on byl synem Boga. 6. Swit^^y Pawet powiedzial (mowil): Jezus Chrystus zyje, a wIqc i my zyc bQdziemy ! 7. Matka Boska byla patronka. Malborga. 8. Mal- borg byt stolicq, Krzyzakow za zycia Jagielly (gdy zyl Jagiello). 9. Krol Jagiello pobil Krzyzakow pi^tnaste- go lipca tysic^c czterysta dziesic^tego roku pod Grun- Avaldem czyli Tannenbergiem. 10. Nie St^dzimy, ze w tym roku nasi wiesniacy b^dq, mieli duzo zboza. 11. Wszyscy ludzie chwala owoc, ktory jest tego roku bardzo pi^kny. 12. Czy pan mowi po polsku? — Czy pan mowi po nieniiecku, francusku, angielskii albo po rosyjsku?
Rozmowa.
Wliat do you diiuk commonly? I drink pure, fresh water, very
seldom wine.
For what purpose doe.s man Man lives in order to work and live on Earth? to be useful to men.
What animals live for long T'dephants live for long years, years ?
What do you wisli '.' We wish the pupils to be dili-
gent and obedient.
Wliat do you counsel me to do? I counsel you to be somewhat
patient.
\\]ui knocks at the door? Some guest.
Which of you knows to swim? All of us swim well.
45.
1. Take your pen into your hand and write what I shall dictate. 2. The female spinners in the village spin for whole evenings and tell each other tales of ghosts. 3. When I went into the class, I found the Latin book, and my sister found a pair of scissors. 4. Where do you go? — I go to church, and then I shall go to school. 5. He went to town, to the thealre. 6. The soldiers ate black bread, the children ate ham and sausage with a roll, the hostesses ate pancakes and cakes and drank coffee. 7. To-day I shall eat dinner at eleven o'clock. 8. The father said: OK
— 24 —
children, he who will eat hread, nmst be diligent ;ui.d industrious. 9. There is nothing move beautiful and nobler than to learn always, because by that man becomes more and more perfect a.nd resembling God. 10. When gi)iiig to the butcher's, I found five pfemiigs.
46.
1. Nie na to zyjemy na swieci(», abysmy jedii i piii, lecz jemy i pijemy, abysmy zyli. 2. W sobotx^^ ten wies- niak (gospodarz) przyprowadzi do miasta woly i konie,- chce je tam sprzedac. 3. Pojdziemy w niedziel^ do kosciola. Czy pojdziesz z nami? 4. Jemy placki i pijemy kaw$ albo czekolad^. 5. Piekarz piecze chleb, placki, pij-czki i bulki. 6. Czy znalazles ksiazki lacinskie? 7. Rzeznicy ze wsi przywiezli do miasta miQSo i sprzedawali je w jatkach. 8. Zbojcy kradn^ i lupi^. 9. Biedny czlowiek nie kradlby, gdyby mial co jesc (do jedzenia). 10. Brat zaniosl list na pocztQ. 11. Siostra zaniosla kapelusz do mod- niarki. 12. Mamy dziesiQcioro przykazan, ktore Bo<i dnt Indziom.
Rozniowa.
Where du you put llif paper? I generally put it on Ihe table.
Who does not steal? An honest man docs not steal.
AVhen shall you go to clmrch? I shall go (there) at twelve
o'clock.
Where is your brother? My brother is in the coiuitry.
Do you not like to eat and Certainly, I wish to drink and
drink? to cat.
Can people he happy without .\o, for life wilhoul work js
working? ierliuus.
47.
1. To-day, on a workday, I wear old dres.ses, to-morrow, on Sunday, I take the new one. 2. Kvery week you took from me ten marks, last Sunday you took the rest. ';>. The boys went catching butterflies in the meadow, but they did not catch any. 4. I shall not give you all the sum at once, but I shall give you a hundred marks every month. 5. The pupil said: llearned by heart and wrote for Iavo hours ; to that the teacher (replied): And yet you did not learn nor writo completely what I ordered. Did I give you too many tasks imtil now? — The pupils said together: No, sir. 6. At what o'clock do you take dinner? Ordinarily at one o'clock, (but) to-day I shall eat at my cousin's at two, 7. When being at Paris, we were at the theatre every day, but we
— 25 ^
were not once at lh« (Jrcat Opor-a. Every day we read newspapers, but we read no provincial newspaper at all. S. At the battle of Therninpyla^ aJI Spartans fell. 9. Formerly my sister grew very slowly, now she grows faster I ban 1 do. 10. Why are you sleepy? — 1 did not sleep enough !a.st night, for I slept only six hours, and generally I sleep <Mght hours^
48.
1. .lak pan spal dzisiejszej nocy? Dzi^kuje. bar-
dzo dobrze. Mialem pi^kne lozko w duzyni pokoju oil sti-ony ogrodu. Bylo zupelnie spokiojnie av domu i wy- si)al;em si?. Bylo to dla ninie bardzo polrzebne, bo juoj.i podroz z Warszawy do Paryza byla baj'dzo dluga i uci.-iz- liwa. 2. jNTapisjiIem tylko ten artykul do lej g:izely, ale nioj przyjaciel pisuje cz^sto do niej, i do innych dziennikow. 3. W dzisiejszej gazecie czytatem, ze kuzyn inoj .spiewaj w lej operze. 4. Slyszalem czQsto w Berliiiio nKtwiaccgu hrabiego Badziwilla. 5. Oprocz dziennika prowincjoiialnegu tzytuJQ' codziennie gazele berlinskji. Dawniej czytywalem lakze Dziennik Berlin ski, a nioze go wkrotre znowu b^dj,* czytywal. 6. Ojciec dawal mi zawsze nieco pieni(.'dzy, gdy szedlem do teatra. 7. Wczoraj wieczorem spali ci panstwo w zamku rogalihskim, w ])osiadlosci hrabiego Haczynskiego; dzis b(jdfi spali w hotelu Kzymskim w Poznaniu. a jutro wieczorem bQd;i inoze spali \v hotelu Saskim w Dreznie.
Rozmowa.
Hid you srx' (iii^ Lake of Con- Xo, lor Iiicmt was in Swilzcf-
stance? Iai)d.
Did the pupil write his lask He feigned lo wtilc, bul hr-
in a long time? wrote nothing.
Shall you visit the l)alis in I dnuht, as I have the iiiten-
this carnival? lion of niarryiiig.
What was play(Ml al (In- llieaire Uliziiiski's (xiniedy of "Ihr OM
yesterday? Hacl'.i'lor" was played.
Were yon oflen at tlie theaire? I was very seldom at the
Iheatre, as tickets were diffi- <uU. to li(^ had. Tlirougli what part of the coun- The Warta flows tlirougii llie
try does the Warta flow? i;randdueliy of Posen.
l>oes the miller grind corn? lie does not grind (corn), he has
done grinding. Do you eal a soup for dinner? I eat, but to-day I did not eat.
— 26 —
Reading Exercise. The Trebnitzian Knights.
In ancient times there came once the Tartars as far as Trebnitz with an immense army, demanding that the Poles turned to their faith (religion). The Poles, though there was only a very small body of them, did not wish to consent, but fought so excellently that, although nearly one of them was to ten Tartars, they beat them all. But of all Poles only one leader remained living. St. Hed- wig, the patroness of Silesia, then prevailed on (obtained by begging) the Blessed Virgin, that she gave back the wounded leader his health and that she changed death into sleep to all those (who had) fallen for the holy faith.
All of them lie in an immense cavern under the Trebnitzian church; they are sleeping fast, but they live. The leader alone does not sleep : sitting on a stone, he says his rosary.
In ancient times this cavern was not at a very great depth under the surface of Earth, and a certain young girl once came to the entrance. She entered, and having seen those knights, she was frightened; but the leader bade her fear nothing, warned her only that, when leaving (the cavern), she should not touch the bell, hanging near the entrance. The fickle girl touched it on purpose, and at the sound of the bell all warriors awoke and took up their arms. The angry leader shut himself in with his army deeper into the earth, and since that time nobody can find this cavern.
But when there will be a war on account of faith (religion), that leader himself will ring the bell, and the sleeping knights will rise, fight and vanquish.
49.
1. All merchandise has been sold. 2. To-day, people brought ten waggons of peas from the field, to-morrow they will bring oats and barley. 3. People already put away all difficulties. 4. People take spice to the meals. 5. Peas are mingled with cabbage. 6. Wares are measured by the yard or weighed by hundredweights and kilograms, or are sold according to (their) size and beauty. 7. Books are written, then printed and at last read. 8. The industrious man is honoured. 9. In Poland kings were chosen; Stanis- las Poniatowski was chosen king in 1764.
— 27 —
50.
1. zyto, JQCzmien, pszenicQ i owies zwiezli parobcy do stodoly. 2. Zienuiiaki wybierajfj. si^ w jesieni, 3. Owoc sprzeda si^ w miescie, jezeli bQdzie dobry i ywiezy. 4. Groch sprzeda sIq jiiz w lecie. 5. To\vai7 przyniesioiio na staly lad. 6. Wojsko Krzyzakow zostato pobite przez krola JagieltQ pod Gnuiwaldem. 7. Twoja wymowQ slow polskich b^dq chwalili. 8. Moja wymowa stow angielskich i francuskich zawsze bywala chwalona.
9. Powierzchnia zienii dzieli sIq na wodQ i l^^d staly.
10. Wszystkio Avyrazy w j^zyku polskim tak siQ pisza. jak wymawiajci.
Rozmowa.
Wiiero lias the Warta its source ? Near Kromolowo in the King- dom of Poland. By what is health preserved? Health is preserved by tem-
perance. By what is the body hardened? It is hardened by corporeal
work. By whom were the first coins By the Lydians.
cast? By whom were the old Saxons By Charlemagne.
beaten ? By whom was Stanislas Ponia- He was chosen king by the towski chosen king? Polish nobility.
51.
1. He who praises himself, is not praised by others. 2. The horse defends itself by its hoofs, the ox by his corns, and the dog by its teeth. 3. Do not laugh \vithout reason; it is rude (naughty) to laugh during the lesson. 4. We rejoice very much that your occupation pleases you and that you please all (persons). 5. Birds differ from one another by size, figure and other qualities. 6. Care for the health and beauty of your soul and your body. 7. Do not rejoice at the fall of your adversary. 8. Many savage tribes paint their bodies with colours. 9. We turn when dancing. 10. Earth turns I'ound the sun.
52.
1. MogQ sobie wyob'razic, jak moi i-odzice wygU^daj^, chociaz ich teraz nie wddzQ. 2. Moje uczennice starajj^ si(j czynic post^py w naukach. 3. Staramy siQ zyc cnot- li^\^e i chwalic Boga. 4. Dziwimy si?, ze twoja ciotka byla wczoraj wieczorem w teatrze. 5. Trzej najwiqksi poeci polscy nazywajEi, sie Mickiewicz, Slowacki i Krasinski.
— 28 —
6. Tc Laiice polskie, zwiaszcza krakowiak bardzo nam sii; podobaja.. 7. Jezus Chi7stiis (Pan Jezus) nie bronil si^, gdy go bill zotnierze. '8. Swi^ci Piotr i Pawei byli (przebywali) \v Rzymie za czasow cesarza Nerona. 9. Wy wiecie, ze Henryk Sienkiewicz opisal pobyt ai)ostoia Piotra w Rzymie w swej po^viesci : Quo vadis? (Dokad idziesz?). 10. Chrzescijanie nie bronili si(j przed TUQkami, cieszyli si?j ze stali sie niQCzennikami.
Rozinowa.
Is llie (I'einalej pupil iiuUisitrious? The pupil Icanis diligently ami
makes good progress. By what is the existence of man Ry work, industry and utility.
improved? Where do hares live? In the forests ajid in (tie field?.
By Avhat do the soldiers defend Ry sahres and lances.
themselves ? What was called the most celo- The most celebrated Athenian
hrated Athenian orator? orator was callefl Oemos-
thenes.
53.
1. Modesty is due to children. 2. It thundeied last, night; it thunders and lightens still. 3. My brother dreamt of lions yesterday. 4. It did not concern my brother, but it concerned his friend. 5. It is not allowed to sin. 6. They liked to dance and to spring, but (= and) they did not like bo work. 7. My sister dreamt of fine clothes. 8. It seemed to all that Wojski played perpetually, but (== and) the echo played [in realetyj. 9. It happened to me yesterday that I saw an aeroplane and a steerable balloon in the air. 10. Now that often happens at Berlin and at Paris.
54.
1. Dzieciom przystoi zachowac siQ spokojnie. gdy mowiji rodzice. 2. Przystaloby ci w koncu, dotrzymac slowa. 3. Powiodto sic rzc^dowi zwyci^zyc nieprzyjaciot. 4. Snilo mi sIq wczoraj wieczorem, ze si(,' spalil nasz dom. o. Czy chce ci siQ (or miafbys ochot?) pojsc dzi.s lub jutro do teatni? 6. Nie bylo wolno obejrzec zamku krola.
Rozmowa.
Did il thunder yesterday? It setMns, il did not.
Was the reij^ii of this king It was, as far as it seems to happy ? ine.
— 29 —
Do yi>w ofloii (Ircani of wiuil I oflcn dream even of things
you read ? which do not exist at all.
How did you do on your way? Ail right, only it often rained.
Did the hunter not .succeed in .Xn. he flid not. killing the wild boar?
55.
1. Castors live by luaiilios in North Ameru.a. 2. They (hiefly sojourn near rivers and lakes. 8. Each of them is an excellent architect, a clever swimmer and diver. 4. Its gait is awkwju'd. 5. They live by hmidreds near the lakes of Canada, in qiriet forests and far from human dwellings. (i. Also in Russia there are castors; Ihey live only by pairs in holes situated on the shores, chiefly in Volhynia. 7. They nse their shaip teeth instead of a saw and a knife. 8. The skin of the castor is very dear; rich gentlemen nse these skins as rollars of /'= at) their furs.
56.
1. Skoro sie zbliza jesieii,, zgromadza. bobry zapasy. Kazda i-odzina ma osobn^ wlasnosc, a takow^i respektuja.. Zima zas bobry wypoczywaja pa jH'acy. Pogodny dziei'i zimowy wywabia Je na dwor; sznkaja. swiezej kory i p^czkow i bawia si? polowem ryb. Z wios.na rozpraszajii siQ z.n6w po lasach. tylko mlode i ich matki pozostaja. w domn. — 2. Slychac grzmot dzial, i cznc [)rochem.
• Kozmowa.
Did ynu see the castor? Ves, but a stuffed one.
Did you read soinetliing of rertainly, as his glory is great.
Boleslas Chrobry?
Wliere do you liathc in sum- I like most to bathe in the
mer? lake, but also often in the
pond.
Where do you like to spend 1 spend sununer in tlic comilry
summer? at my uncle's.
How many pieces of game did Nearly a hundred pieces of dif-
you kill in this s(;asiin ? ferent game.
57.
1. (.'opcniiciis was a celebratiMl astrouunu'i-. 2. The dry (= acerb) wine is healthier thai) the sweet one. S. The mortal man has an iinmorlal sonl. 4. (led is almighty. 5. The Delphian temple was celebrated. 6. My deceased brother was a good man. 7. This locksmith is an in- dustrious artisan. 8. Neighbouring empires ought to live in harmony. 9. King Stephen Batory did nnt understand
— 30 —
Polish. 10. "Recognize yourself" — was engraved in the Delphian temple. 11. The deaf one often errs. 12. Every man may err, but only the capricious one persists in his error, and sometimes pride does not allow to avow the error.
58. 1. Dawni Grecy byli waleczni. 2. Rosja i Niemcy byly krajami sj^siednimi. 3. To dzieci^ podobne do mei siostry. 4. Ziemia jest kulista. 5. Mickiewicz jest najwi(jk- szym poet^i Polski. 6. Dobre zdrowie jest skarbem. 7. Slusarze sj% pozytecznymi rzemieslnikami. 8. Tnidno mu uczyc sIq po polsku. 9. Jestesmy jednej mysli. 10. Moj brat jest rolnikiem, moi kuzyni sa nauczycielami.
Rozmowa.
Are those artisans g-ood? Not in everything, they still
want much. Where Avas Copernicus born? Copernicus was bom at Tlioni
(Toruii). Do you understand music? I learn it only in my advanced
age. Is this smilh diUgent? He never was and will never be
What wme is heaUhier, sweet Dry Avine is ahvays healthier
or dry one? Who was your first teacher? My first teacher was au ele-
mentary teacher.
59.
1. My brother became a priest a short time ago. 2. The Word became flesh. 3. He went away as a rich man and returned as a beggar. 4. This king was called Wladislas Lokietek. 5. This man is no poet, but a miserable verse- maker. 6. My uncle was a councillor, and before that a teacher. 7. They call the eagle the king of birds. 8. Bona- parte proclaimed himself consul. 9. I will not be a bad man, I prefer being poor and honest. 10. This man will be a useful member of human society. 11. I prefer being poor than being a cripple. 12. Boleslas Chrobry was a celebrated Polish khig. 13. The monuments of Boleslas Chrobry and of his father Mieczyslas are to be found in the cathedral of Posen.
GO.
1. Sztuka pisania nie jest latwa, a jcdnak bardzo stara. 2. Laska wielkich jest niestala jak jDogoda je- sienna. 3. Nieskonczona jest milosc Boga. 4. Ten nie- ostrozny czlowiek stal si? ofiarq. przypadku. 5. Ten pod-
— 31 —
porucznik zostal kapitanem. 6. Bez pracy i pilnosci nikt nie staje si(j bogaty i szczQsliwy. 7. Nie kazdy, kto wola: panie, zostanie zbawiony. 8. Okrutny Neron zostat za- mordowany .
Rozmowa.
Who is always merry and con- The diligent and industrious tent? nian is mostly merry and
content. Which of these gentlemen is The gentleman, standing at my
your teacher? side, is my teacher.
Who would venture to call him- The self-conceited man com- self perfect? monly calls himself perfect.
Where were you yesterday? I went into the country and
amused myself very much. What senses have we? We have sight, hearing, taste.
scent and feeling.
61.
1. The father goes to church, (and) the sisters were already at church. 2. The brother writes, and the sisters wrote. 3. The Holy Church is a mother and not a step- mother. 4. I took a walk, and she went into the garden. 5. I go to school, and you go to church. 6. To-day, we were merry, and you were sad and unsatisfied. 7. I and he were prodigal; you and your sister were economical. 8. The husband and his wife resisted it. 9. The husband and his wife are sad; formerly they were too merry and amused themselves in the best way. 10. This girl often qtiarrels. 11. That farm-labourer is merciless. 12. The father and the mother departed Avithout (bidding) farewell. 13. Numerous inhabitants of the town and its en\drons were invited for (the purpose of bidding) farewell to the high functionary. 14. All (of them) came willingly, for that fimctionary was commonly esteemed.
62.
1. Ja id^ do szkoly, a ty idziesz do kosciola. 2. Ta razEj, tys wygral, nie ja i nie moj brat. 3. Mj szylismy, a wy spiewaliscie. 4. Ty poszedles na spacer, ja zostalem w domu i musialem pracowac. 5. Wy pisaliscie, a oni czylali. 6. Parobek i dziewka byliby weseli i zadowoleni, gdyby mieli chleb i pieniq,dze. 7. Ojciec i matka byliby do nas pisali, gdyby wiedzieli, ze jestesmy w biedzie. 8. Nauczyciel i nauczycielka uczyli dobre i pilne dzieci.
— 32 —
Rozinowa.
Will llie cliildrea go to scbool ? No, to-day there is a holiday.
■\Vere the brother and the sister They were both industrious and
industrious? applied willingly to science,
hid your imcle and your aunt No (sir), to-morrow they will
come to see you? be with us, for they announ- ced their visit.
\Vere the prince and his wifi' They were and amused tlu'tn-
at the ball? selves excellently.
03.
1. Sheep, tows, [ixnd) horses are \iseful to ine.ii ; .science, health and reason are wished for. 2. The vault of the church fell down. 3. In my garden people cut down a fir-tree, a pine and some wood-pines. 4. For learning,' there are absolutely necessary a book, a pen and paper, o. The pupils learned at school, and then they went home. 6. Not. all pupils worked, some Avere idle, some amused themselves. 7. Camels and mules are employed to (do) hard work. 8. The colt is in the (horse-)stable, the calf in the stable for cattle. 9. The cradle is necessary for the child. 10. The boys were searching for fishes and crawfishes in the rivulet; they did not get aay fish, but they brought some crawfishes home, and our mother boiled them.
64.
1. Pi^kna ^Vanda b^dzie grata i tahczyla. 2. Zaraz inoglibysmy tanczyc, gdybysmy mieli muzyke;. 3. Dziecko byloby spokojniejsze, gdyby bylo zdrowsze. 4. Krowy i owce daj.-^ duzo mleka. 5. Kanapa, szafa, krzeslo sa ruchome. 6. Widelec, noz i lyzka s^. niezbt^dne. 7. Te Avoly sq juz stare i zostan^i sprzedane. 8. Kupiec wczoraj odjechal do Moskwy, zona jego pojechala z nim. 9. ^ol- nierze piiiscy pobili wojsko Austrjakow pod Sadow;\ (w roku tysif^c osmset szescdziesit'\tym szostym). 10. iswierki, jodly i sosny sa. drzewami iglastemi.
Rozmowa.
."^isters, were y.iu ;il schiml to- Yes, but we were too late.
day? .^liall we play? W*- «liould be able to play,
but there are no instruments. Did all pupils work? No, some were idle, and some
played. For how long a time will your lie will stay there all the Easter
father stay at Moscow? holidays.
Shall you be at the concerl Yes, we shall, if you Siive us
lo-day? (some) money.
— 38 —
H('\s many inhaiitants has the The graJid-duchy of Posen has grand-duchy of Posen? more than two millions of
inhabitants.
65.
1. Poultry and ducks go about in the courtj men go lo town, tishes swim in the water and worms creep on the earth. 2. Nightingales sing in the shmbs and in high trees. 3. On the 12^i» of April 1903 in Gemiany and in the grand-duchy of Posen there fell large masses of snow; and near Kalisz trains stuck fast in the snow, which was three metres high. 4. Ou the table there lie dictionaries. 5. Some time ago 1 was at Warsaw, but I did not remain there for a long time. 6. You ought to pay attention to what your teachers say. 7. Poultry cackle, the goose chatters. 8. In July corn, as lye, Avheat and barley, ripens. 9. Cattle, horses and sheep belong to the quadnipedal animals, geese and poultry to the birds.
66.
1. Zimfi Avszystko martwe, wszedzie snieg i lod; lod jest bardzo twardy. 2. Wiosn;^ spiewajj^ slowiki. 3. Czlowiek chodzi na dwoch nogach, zwierz^ta czworonozne na czterech, ptaki na dwoch. 4. Pocieszna malpa siedzi na niedzAAaedziu. 5. ZwierzQta zyj;\ albo na ziemi, albo w wodzie, albo tez w poAvietrzu. 6. Nie kazdy ptak moze latac, ale kazda ryba moze plywac. 7. Jedna jaskolka lata nie zwiastuje. 8. Zolnierze jadc^ konno, wiesniacy na wozach. 9. Owoce dojrzewajcT, latem i jesieniq.. 10. Gdy u nas s'aje sIq zimniej, odlatuj^^ zorawie do cieplejszych krajow.
Rozmowa.
What do ycu call the senses? Sight, hearing, feeling, taste and
sc-ent. What birds say with us in win- Sparrows, crows and magpies
ter? What (birds), on the contrary, Nightingales, wild ducks, wild leave us in autumn and re- geese, storks and cranes.
iw.n in spring? Where were you yesterday? I w^ent into the country to my
friend's in order to chase (tliere). "Where is the dictionary? It lies on the table.
By whom was the Polish-Ger- By Lukaszewski and Mosbach. man dictionary made?
Key lo the Element. Polish Giammar. , -^
— 34 —
67.
1. Every fortnight I write a letter to my parents. I commonly have (some) time on Sunday to write a letter, hut yesterday I did not write half a letter, for I had no time to finish it. 2. He has neither a right nor a left hand. 3. I did not see wild heasts. 4. I did not huy a Greek book, but I bought four English ones. 5. The shoe- maker did not make either boots or shoes. 6. Not all animals have sharp claws and (sharp) teeth. 7. Our Lord created the first (living) persons in the world : Adam and Eve. 8. Christ released mankind and therefore we call him Saviour. 9. Socrates drank the poison and then he still taught his disciples, finally he bade farewell to all (of them).
10. Do not ti'ust flatterei's, but trust the old tried friend.
11, The Creator is almighty. 12. In the Polish theatre Ihey played yesterday the celebrated national opera of Stanis- laus Moniuszko, entitled Halka. I had already seen it at the theatre of Warsaw.
68. 1. Autor nie wypracowal pozytecznej ksiazki. 2. Moj brat nie napisal dlugiego listu. 3. Sluz^ca nie dokoh- czyla roboty. 4. Ostrzy nauczyciele karzc% leniwe i nie- posluszne dzieci. 5. Nie dorobil klejnot, ale zawsze byl uczciwym czlowiekiem. 6. Nie kazdy uczeh lubi swego nauczyciela i swych dobroczyhcow. 7. Nie znalem tu zad- nego urzQdnika, ale znalem kilku kupcow i rzemieslnikow. 8. Kup ten dom; kupilbym go, gdybym mial pie- niadze. 9. Wiesniak wykopal na swej roli duzo pie- ni(^dzy. 10. Nauczyciel wierzyl dobiym i pilnym uczniom, ale leniwym nie wierzyl. 11. Cyklista, ktory zanadto PQdzi, wystawia siebie samego i innych na wielkie nie- bezpieczehstwa. 12. Po bitwie pod Raciawicami, gdzie Ros- jmiie pobili Tadeusza Kosciuszk^, narod Polski nie miat zadnej nadziei zwyciQzyc nieprzyjaciele.
Rozmowa.
Where did you see tlie hare, llie I saw them in tlic field.
eagle and the partridge?
When did Golumhus (hscover Columl)us discovered America
America? in the fifteenlh century.
Whom do you love more, your I love my father and my mother
father or your motlicr? e(fually.
In what way did that artisan He gained his fortune hy work,
gain his fortune? economy and circumspection.
- 85 —
Who losl money yesterday? Pe;)iile say that our neighbour
lost about four tliousand rubles. Does this shoemaker m-Ake good A'ot always, someiimes he gives
lx>ots ? weak leather.
Does anylwdy trust a false Nobody t usts such a man. friend ?
69.
1. This man does much, but he never works tj an end, he never finishes anything. 2. The lazy man writes nothing, lie reads nothing, aaid therefore, he knows nothing. 3. He never had anything nor gave anything. 4. He who never goes out, who has no connnerce anywhere, knows nothing (at all). 5. He who has nothing cannot give anything to the poor one. 6. This merchant sold nothing at the fair. 7. They work neither Avith their head, nor with their hands. S. Let lis not trust men too much. 9. We demand Ihe ])romised wages. 10. No country has larger towns and larger factories than England, but (also) in Germany factor^'-in- dustry is flourishing.
70.
1. Nic nie przyniosl, nic nie miai, nic nie widzial, nic nie powiedzial. 2. Ojciec nie zq,da od dzieci nic niemozliwego. 3. Tego roku jest ostra zinia, ale niema sniegu. 4. Wiosn^ sq. pi^kne dni, ale noce S£i zwykle zimne. 5. Nigdzie nic nie widzielismy. 6. W miescie byla dobra i porzadna szkola, ale nie bylo pilnych i po- rza.dnych uczniow (uczni). 7. Jutro b^dzie jeszcze nauka, ale pojutrze nauki nie b^dzie. 8. Nie mamy siostr i braci. 9. Dzieci, ktore nie majq ani ojca ani matki, na- zywamy sierotami.
Rozmowa.
Were the soldiers at church ? The soldiers were not in town,
not even to-day.
Arc tJiere lessons to-day? No (,sir).
Will there be fine weather to- Jn my opinion, there will morrow? be no fine weather to-morrow.
Was your sister at churcli ? No, my sister was not at church.
Will there be still better times Probably there will not be bet- after the European War? ter times.
Do people believe his words? No, they do not believe any-
body.
Koadlng Exercise. The Stony Loaf of Oliva.
At a mile from Danzig, near the sea in the village of Oliva, there lies a convent, belonging to the order ot the
3*
Cistercians. In that church there was on the right side, amongst many costly objects, a loaf changed into stone, (which Avas preserved) under glass.
In the year of our Lord 1217, when around Danzig a gr>^at famine tormented the people, the pioas abbot of Oliva ordered bread to be baked constantly and to be distributed to the hungry men. Once it happened that one of the poor ones took a loaf of bread and, having gone away from the convent, returned and, falsely saying, that he came for the first time, he got a second one.
But when he returns to Danzig, a very venerable matron meets him on his way, bearing a pretty little child in his arm and begging him to give her (some) bread as food. That man says: "I myself have no bread!" To that the matron (replies) : "And yet you have in yaur bosom- pocket a loaf of bread". "That is a stone, (but) no bread", and saying this, he touched it with his finger.
Therefore she said: "May that be stone!" And she disappeared at once. Having gone on a hundred steps, that liar and merciless man took out the loaf and saw that it was a sfljone and in it the sign of his finger. After that (= which), terrified and repentant and enlightened by God what sort of matron it was, he returned to the con- vent lof Oliva, avowed his lie and told the whole affair, to the remembrance of which this loaf of bread was shown for a long time.
71.
1. A good man wishes health and happiness to every- body. 2. The rich ones demand honours. 3. The (female-) cook bought meat to-day : beef, veal, mutton, sausage and poultry. 4. Bring water into the Avashing-basin ; pour ink into the inkstand. 5. The gentleman gave all his money to the servant, who bought a pike, two carps and a pound of rice. 6. This gentleman bought salt and two three scores of eggs. 7. Order to bring water, sugair, arrack, lemons and wine. 8. The parents generally give their children a good education. 9. This young man got from his uncle (some) money, a new cap and a useful book. 10. Pepper, cinnamon and cloves come from foreign countries. 11. Joking, the uncle asked little Stanislaus: "What is heavier, oh, little Stanislaus, a pound of feathers or a pound of lead?"
37
1. Svii ubogiej wdoAvy dostanie od swego dobroczyncy pieniedzy, a takze papieni i pior, do tego zas iio\v;\, ladiit-i ksia.zkt^. 2. Cziowiek potrzebuje czluwieka. 3. Ja ciebie i twc] pomocy nie potrzebaj(j. 4. Potrzebowalbym polski slownik. 5. Podaj mi wszystek chleb, chcQ warn ukrajac chleba. 6. Moja siosti-a najadla sie gruszek, jablek i sliwek, dlatego nie chce jesc cbleba. 7. Napit si^ piwa i wina. 8. Nasz przyjaciel przyslal: nam w p'Odaninku zboza i ziemniakow. 9. 2yczylem mu dobrego zdrowia i dlugiego zycia. 10. Co chwiltj chce co innego. 11. Wspohiczeii Waclawa jest wyzszego wzrostu, a jest mlodszy.
Rozmowa.
\\'lio gave wiuc? The same (man) that gave us
beer ytsterday.
Did you eat enough pears? "We ate not only enough pears,
but we ate also enough plums.
\Vhy did you not give to eat It does not like to eat and to the child? wished something else every
moment.
Had the butcher sausage for Certainly, but nobody wished sale to-day? to buy sausage, but all (per-
sons) bought ham.
Who bought that large pike? The servant who bought all
fishes (did so).
73.
1. The artisan kept his word and finished his work.
2. AVe lived to see finally beautiful and warm weather.
3. The enemy stormed the town, but he refrained from laying siege to the fortress. 4. Functionaries and teachers seldom acquire fortune. 5. My friend caught fish. 6. Last year there was a severe winter. 7. Next year* we shall go to Cracovia and to Posen. 8. Last night there was a con- flagration. 9. It is not proper to work on Sunday. 10. On St. Stephen and St. John everybody is his own master, for then ser\^ants chang(> their master and are mthout a master for some days. 11. In winter the days are shortest and the nights longest, in summer vice-versa. 12. He who begins with God, finishes everything. 13. It is due to the youth to mount on horseback. 14. The wise man guesses everything easily; therefore the Polish proverb: "To the wise head two words suffice."
74.
1. Mozna wymagac tyiko rzeczy slusznych, bo rzecz niesluszna hulzi oburza. 2. Dowiedzialem siQ tej nowiny
— 38 —
od mego brata. 3. Leniwych robotnikow trzeba (loglr^dac.
4. Nie mogla doczekac siQ wesela swej siostry. 5. Pi'ze- szlego miesiaca mielismy zawsze pi^kiiJi pogod?. 6. Tego rokii szkolnego nie mialem szczescia. 7. Rzymu nie zbudowano w jednyni dniu. 8. Kazdej srody przychodzi poczta z Krakowa. 9. W Nowy Rok wszyscy ludzie skla- daja sobie zyczenia. 10. Ze Lwowa mozna w cztery go- dziny dojechac do Krakowa. 11. Zyczyl w Nowy Rok moini rodzicom wszystkiego dobrego. 12. Wesele nie bfjdzie 11-go, lecz 12-go tego miesicica
Rozmowa.
In what year was America America was discovered by Cc-
disoovered, and by whom? kimbus in 1492.
On wlmt day do we begin our On the 1^' of September.
lessons?
In what month is it warmest It is warmest in July.
generally ?
Who keeps Saturday holy? The Jews keep Saturday holy.
In what month did you begin In May.
to learn Polish?
On what day shall you come On Wednesday, probably.
to me?
On what day will our parents Our parents will arrive on Sa-
arrive ? turday.
75.
1. The pupil replies to the teacher who asks him.
2. The brother bought a book to his diligent .brother.
3. The parents gave toys to the well-bred children. 4. The sister gave the little white bird to her beloved brother.
5. It is not necessary to- reply to a stupid man. 6. H.)- nour and praise be to the Lord! 7. I gave him the book that he might bring it to the priest; he gave it to his brother, and the latter gave it to his father. 8. Do not tinist a fine face, but to virtue and merit. 9. No raven cuts out the eye of another raven. 10. The citizens gave honour to merit and accompanied their dead fellow-citizem to the grave in great numbers. 11. A. Pole, meeting an acquaintance, says: I greet you. But he also says: to greet oneself with one.
76.
1. Wszystkim przelozonym winnismy uszanowanie. 2. Dobrodziejom i loilzicom winnih^my wdziecznosc. 3. Njech sobie m6wi;\, co chd-i. my zrobimy, co potrzeba. 4. Dzieci calujq, rodzicom rQce. 5. (iosciowi podaje si(,^ vi^kii i wiUi
— 39 —
sie z nim. 6. Sluz?icy uklonil si? panu i oddal mu list. 7. Nauczyciel daje pilneniu uczniowi nagrod?. 8. Wiesniak przyniosl mojej matce mleko i jaja. 9. Nie moglismy si^ obyc bez jego pomocy. 10. Gdy Polacy sie witaja. z krewnymi albo sie zegnaj^, to si§ caluja.
Rozmowa.
To wlial luercliant did you giw To that merchant who dwells
money? opposite us.
What did you- buy for yourself? I bought a fur and boots. Did you greet the guests? 1 greeted them by giving them
my hand, but I did not ki?s them. ^^ ho bi'ouT;ht these toys? My biotlier bought and brouglit
them (here). When shall you give back the I shall give it back on the
money? next opportunity.
Wliat wine did you bring us? We brought you some Rhenish
wine. With what may I help you? ^\ ith some strawberries, if I
may ask you (for them).
1. That great general was agreeable to God and men, faithful to his monarch, terrible to the enemies of the country. 2. The Serbs were subject to the Turks for a long time. 3. A pupil who is docile and obedient to the coun- sels and exhortations of the school-authority, benevolent to his comrades, is agreeable and wished-for bb all those who think in a loyal way. 4. A youth, burdensome to older persons and not attached to his parents, may become a noxious citizen. 5. Sleep resembles death. 6. Some faults and qua.liti€s are in common to all mankiud. 7. The Lord High Steward was friendly to everybody in his house. 8. The frosts of spring dcr harm to plants. 9. The dog is j'aithful to his master.
78. 1. Czlowiek oswiecony nie tylko sobie sameniu, ale i dla innych jest pozyteczny i pomocny. 2. Czlowiek rozumny posiuszny jest pravom i zwierzchnosci, wierny Bogu i swojej wierze, dla nikogo nie staje si^ ci^zarem i jest zyczliwym i usluznym dla wszystkich. 3. Placil temu, ktoremu coskolwiek winien. 4. Byl do smierci wierny swemu krolowi. 5. Czlowiek podobny do czlowieka. 6. Siostry mego ojca sa podobne do swych braci. 7. Wobec prawa s^ wszyscy rowni. 8. Wujostwo sa gosciom zawsze radzi.
-- 40 —
Rozinowa.
What is absolu'iely necessary to Virtue and knowledge are chiefly
every man? necessary to every man.
What animal resembles man? The ape.
Does the good Christian do No, on the contrary, he even
harm to his fellow-creature helps everybody.
on purpose ?
What animal is the most faith- The dog is the most faithful
ful ? animal.
Does sleep resomble death? Yes, sleep reseml^les death.
79.
1. Numerous bands accompanied the chief until the end of the expedition. 2. No art can make something resembling God's Almightiness. 3. Not to everybody is fate favoiu'able; the one is shaved by the awls, the other camiiot even be shaved by the razors. 4. The journeyman drank a glass too much and v\^as not indulgent to the sick apprentice, he pressed him hard and did not allow him to listen to the conversation(s). 5. Columbus was not afraid of the dangers, which menaced him. 6. Do not confide the secret to anybody. 7. Do not trust this' world nor your understanding. 8. It is difficult to agree Avith all persons. 9. If you promised a person something, keep your word; for if you do not keep your word once, nobody will believe you. 10. The last words of Prince Joseph Poniatowski were: "God entrasted to me the honour of the Poles, to God I shall give it back."
80. 1. Trzeba wierzyc nauczycielowi, i posluchac sIq przelozonych swoich. 2. Odpowiadaj kazdemu pytaj<-\cemu si§, ale nie rozkazuj innym. 3. Powinno si^ dac zebrakowi jalmuzn^. 4. Matka lamieraj^ca blogoslawila dzioriom i powierzyla je dobroci Boga wszechmocnego. 5. Gdy dajesz ubogim i chorym, jestes posluszny przykazaniom bo skim. 6. Obiecaj mi, ze b^dziesz dopomagal bratu. 7. Kain zazdroscil Ablowi blogoslawiehstwa boskiego i zabil go.
Rozmowa.
From what reason is your My brother pressed liim hard cousin so sad? and was not willing to help
him at his work. Did you promise my son a Yes, and we shall give it him
book? ne.xl week.
Where do you go in such a We go home hastily, in order haste? to help Ihi' children at their
lessons.
. — 41 —
Was the wind favourable to Yes, it was very favourable to
the mariners? them.
Did you agree with your pa- Certainly, we always do.
rents ?
Where did the enemy go? He went to Cracovia.
Reading Exercise. The Parish Church.
The parish-church stands in the midst of the village, lime-trees and birch-trees, which are a hundred years old, shade it. Formerly a cemetery surrounded it, but since many years people no longer bury their dead near the church, but in the new, large cemetery behind the village.
But near the church there is the parsonage (house) and the dwelling of the vicar, not far from it the school and the dwelling of the organist.
Above the church there arises the tower, and in it (there are) the bells (of the church). On every ceremonious occasion their voice sounds above the fields and villages as an announcer of joy and exultation, but sometimes also of grief and sadness, for the church is the focus arotmd which turns all the life of the parish.
The new-born child is borne to church by the god- fathers, that the priest should baptize it and, by baptism, receive it into the ranlc of the faithful (followers) of Christ. The growing-up boys and girls go to church to hear the doctiine in order to be strengthened in the prin- ciples of faith, to recognise the truths of their religion, contained in the catechism and to prepare themselves to the saclrament of the altar.
And when they grow up to become virgins and youths, they stand before the altar to avow love for all their life, and the priest, after having consecrated their wedding- rings and having bound their hands together with the stole, administers the sacrament of matrimony to them and gives them his blessing on their way of life.
But look! a funeral procession fills the interior of the church. On a bier they place a coffin, and in it there i-eposes the body of a meritorious man of the parish. The priests read a holy mass and sing a funeral requiem. From the chorus the song resounds, the priest sprinkles the corpse with holy water, and the friends (of the dead man) tarry it to the eternal repose.
Since many (= whole) centuries the cross looks from the tower of the church on the villages and farms around it, where generations after generations work in their field
— 42 —
and pxiaiy at its feet, and where its splendour incessantly shows them the way to Heaven.
81. 1. With a hold flight the eagle rises aloft to the clouds. 2. In prose it is impossible or at least difficult to write of nothing, in a verse it is very easy. 3. We work with the hand and the head, we speak with the mouth, we breathe "with the lungs, we chew with the teeth, we digest with the stoma;h. 4. By her commerce England is celebrated, Switzerland by the beauty of her nature, Sweden and Laponia by their rocks and woods. 5. W^e can make a journey in a fourfold way : by going on foot, by driving in a carriage, by going in a ship, or by railway. 6. Corporal punishment often is wrong. 7. On the Alps, at Spliigen, Mickiewicz wrote such words to Maryla: "Nowhere, nowhere can I separate from you; you go with me on sea, and you go on land behind me on my way."
82. 1. Przez rozmowQ i obcowanie mozna wkrotce nauczye si? JQzyka. 2. Milosci^ i dobrocif^ wi^cej si? wskora niz gniewem i zlosliwosci^. 3. JakEj, miark^i innym mierzysz, tak<'\ bQdzie ci mierzono. 4. Przez bezczynnosc i nierz^d miasta i narody ginf^. 5. To miasto zbogacilo si? hand- lem i przemyslem. 6. Krzywd^ nikt sIq nie zbogaci. 7. On pracuje dzien i noc. 8. Jemy nozem i widelcem.
Rozmowa.
With wliat hand is it easier to It is easier to write with the write? right tliau witl) the left hand.
Who drives tliere witli one The nobleman Dobrzynski drives- horse? with one horse.
By wliat do towns get ricli? By commerce and trade.
With what do we Hght a fire With wood, coal, colces "and. in the stove? in some villages, also with
straw.
83.
1. Make a bet with me! 2. The Teutonic Order con- quered the country of the old Prussians by the sword. 3. The children took a walk with their parents and then they learned (together) with their teacher. 4. With whom you have intercourse, such a man you become. 5. Love of the native country was the watchword of our ancestors (forefathers). 6. Verbs govern different cases of sul)stantives.
— 43 —
7. The king rules over his subjects, the functionary ad- ministers the country. 8. He who despises his fellow- creature, transgresses the commandments of God. 9. This man smells of birch-tar. 10. Until the times of Pytha- goras, the learned Greeks called themselves 'wise men'; Pythagoras first chose a more modest title and called him- self a 'lover of wisdom' or 'philosopher'. 11. "Modesty is a plant which only grows on noble ground", say the Germans.
12. It is difficult to some people to learn politeness.
13. Acquaintances abroad often deceive (us). 14. The sick man spits blood. 15. He assured it by his word of honour. 16. People smeared the sick man's side with unguent.
84. 1. ZwierzQta zywia. si? trawi\, ziolami, korzonkami, liscmi, zbozem i mi^sem. 2. Najmlodszy brat uczyi siQ z siostrq,. 3. Obcuje z cnotli^v^'mi mQzami. 4. W jedena- stym roku zycia poszedlem do gimnazjum, w dwudziestym trzecim na uniwersytet. 5. Z wielkim trudem dzielo skoii- czylem. 6. Wybrano go dyrektorem. 7. Krolowie rza.dza. nai^odami. 8. Bogaci nie powinni pogardzac bliznimi. 9. Pojechalismy z bratem Szczepanem do ciotki do Wie- liczki pod Krakowem. 10. W Warszawie zawarlismy zna- jomosc z kilku bogatymi panami.
Rozmowa.
Who was with you at church? Our parents were with us at
church.
If God is witli us, wlio is Xobudy can be against us against us?
Who made this brave soldier a The king made him a noble- nobleman? man.
What will be[come] your son? He will become a carpenter or
a joiner.
In what manner does this per- She behaves towards me lik.- son behave towards you? a mother.
85. 1. ^Marching to the town, they beat the enemies. 2. Alexander the Great, having passed the straits of the Hellespont, vanquished the Persians. 3. Kosciuszko never refused his help to those who were in need. 4. Having filled their own hive, bees do not think of any other. 5. Caesar, dictating different letters to his secretaries, still conversed with his present friends. 6. While standing on one leg, a certain poet wrote some verses doAvn iu a sheet. 7. If a man wishes to be an example to others, he ought to distinguish himself by morality; otherwise he
_ 44 -
cannot be praised by anybody. 8. When passing near a village-hut, t heard a child Aveeping and its mother ex- horting it. 9. The offended man seeks to revenge himself (= for revenge). 10. When bidding farewell to a person whom we are to meet soon again, we say: "Farewell" (= [I hope] to see you). 11. It is difficult even to the simplest man to get on without reading and writing. 12. We see our parents going with my brothers to School Street.
86. 1. Przeszedlszy rzek^ by! pewny (bezpieczny). 2. Ob- warowawszy sIq (jeszcze), uwazat sIq za pewnego (bez- piecznego). 3. Potrzeba wielu godzin, zeby obejsc ja- pohskie miasto Jeddo. 4. Islandczycy nie przechodzq, obok Gajsyru, nie zajrzawszy do zrodla. 5. Chca.c zachowac zdrowe .zQ^by, nie jadajcie gorricych potraw i nie pijcie zimnych napojow. 6. Trzeba miec siedem klamstw ,w zapasie, aby jedno potwierdzic. 7. Sloh moze wypic dziesi^c kwart araku, nie upijaj^c sie. 8. Kiedys widziano tQ mlod^ kobietQ, njosftcci rano bulki i mleko. 9. Obejrzawszy obo- zowisko, byl smutny ze tyle krwi poplyn^lo. 10. Niema sprawiedliwego s^dziego, ktory karze czlowieka, nie wyslu- chawszy go. .11. Ten sklad jest do wynaj^cia. 12. Ten dom jest na sprzedaz.
Rozmowa.
Cotild he not learn the Polisb No, owing to his aversion to language, living some years the (Polish) language he did
in Poland ? not even learn some expres-
sions.
What did you do, having re- We finished our lessons, turned from your walk?
Where did he lose bis ]>ook? Going to school, he lost his
book.
What did the cbildren do, having They complained at once to their got nothing for breakfast? father.
Ozimina.
Gdy siQ kohczy lato i zaczyna jesieh, rolnik phigiem orze gole pola i sieje duzo ziarn w dlugie brozdy. W krotce wziastajq z ziemi male lislki trawy, a cale pole podobne jest do zielonej Ic^ki. ZiniH snieg pokrywa wq,llc ros- jinki i chroni je jjrzed zmarzniQciem.
Gdy zaczyna si^ wiosna i i^nieg taje, male zdzhla zyta i pszenicy wzrastajf\, a wkrotce u czubka pokazuj;\ siQ klosy, ktore zolkuii podczas upalu letniego. Skoro zboze
- 45 -
dojrzeje, przychodza zency i scinaJQ: je kosa. Mlocle robot- nice wiaz^i zbozo (zdzbla)' w snopy i iistawiajc^ je w kopy. Gdy zboza ScV suche, mioci si? je zaraz na polu mlocarnici parow£i; tylko ubogi wiesniak mloci jeszcze swo zboze cepami \v domu na kicpisku (boisku). Wymlo- cone ziarna zbiera sIq w wielkie worki (vvory) i zanosi do spichlerza, albo posyla mlynarzowi do mlyna. Tarn miele sIq z nich pi^kna, biala maka, z ktorej piekarz piecze dla ludzi chlel) i ciastka.
Na wsi u mego wuja.
Blisko stolicy wuj nioj posiada duza. wies. Ujechawszy koleja az do trzeciej stacji liiiji glownej prowadzcT^cej ku poludniowi, idzie sie ])iekaa szosa, posadzona drzewami wisniowemi okolo kwadransii. Wtedy z\Yraca siQ na prawo i przychodzi przez lasek debowy do witjkszej wioski. Od drogi wiejskiej prowadzi aleja, obsadzoiia kasztanami, do wielkiej bramy, ktora zamyka na zewn^itrz podworze.
Wchodzcic 11 a podworze, spostrzega si? po lewej stronie skromny, ale nobii^^^e wygla.dajacy dwor, w ktorym miesz- ka wiij ze swti rodzinj^. Obok domu stoj^i rozmaite zabu- dowania gospodaxskie, drwahiia, sklad na wQgle i czeladnie. Naprzcciw brainy wchodowej wziiosi si^ jednopi(^tro\vy doni dzierzawcy. Dalej na prawo stojq, stajnie i wozownie, nad ktoremi wyzsze pit^tra maj^i poddasza dla zboza i siana. Obok tych zabiidowaii znajduje sie draga bra- ma, ktora prowadzi na pola. , Blisko niej s£i dwa mate domy gdzie mieszkaj^i robotnicy (sezonowi), ktorzy co rok z dawTiiejszego Krolestwa Polskiego albb z Galicji przybywajt^.
W srodkn podworza znajduje sie wielka Kupa nawozu, na ktorym gromada kur si^ uwija. Za ni.^ w kaluzy, uganiaj^ si§ kaczki i gQsi. Blisko domii dzierzawcy znajduje si^ duzy ogrod, gdzie rosnie mnostwo jabloni, drzew grusz- kowych, sliwowych i wisniowych. Oprocz sadu jest tam takze duzy ogrod warzywny i kwietnik (or ogrod kwiatowy), a przy dworze pi^kny park z cienistymi starymi d^bami i lipami i staw z pi^knymi lab^dziami.
Jan Sobjeski.
U podnoza Kai-pat, tam gdzie Bug ma swoj pocz^tek, w starym zamku Olesku urodzit si^ roku tysiac szescset dwudziestego dziewiqtego podczas niezwykle silnej burzy JaJi Sobjeski.
Wnuczka slawnego hetmana 2;6lkiewskiego, Teofila, byta jego matkj\. Ojciee jego Jakob Sobjeski powierzyl wychowanie obu swych synow, Marka i Jana dosvviadczo-
._ 46 —
nemu niQzowi, Stanislawowi Orchowskieiim. «Niech Or- chowski najwif^cej uu to zwaza, zeby bracia wzajemiiie si^ kochali, miodszy starszego szaiiowal, starszy mlodszego ko- chal», pisal on w liscie. Nast^pnie przykazal Jakob Sobjes- ki iiauczycielowi : «Nie chc?, aby moi synowie rosli roz- pieszczeiii, niech ich zot^dki przyzwyczajaj^ siQ do pro- stych potxaw, jakie, jezeli Bog da, iia wojnie m-iec b^dfi. ]\Ioi synowie nie powinni zaniedbac jednego dnia skichanie mszy swiQtej {literally majci zadnego dnia sluchac mszQ swi^ta). Gdyby przestrog i napomnien, kilkakrotnie nie mieli posluchac, o czem (si? spodziewam), ma mnie pan Or- chowski natychmiast zawiadomic; b(jd(j wiedzial, co czynic trzeba — mam kij, pod ktorym mlodziez dobrze rosnie.»
Obaj bracia odebrali nauk? w potykaniu, siQ bronic-^ taiiczeniu, jezdzie konnej, muzyce i siedmiu j^zykach. W roku tysitic szescset czleidziestym czwartym udali si^ obaj bracia do Paryza. Na odjezdnem dal im ojciec nastQpu- j^ce napomnienie : «Moje dzieci, rzekl, wydoskonalcie siQ we wszystkiem, lylko nie w tai'icach, bo tych nauczycie siQ tu od Tatar6w». Bylo bowiem wowczas w Polsce w zwyczaju, czQste walki z Tatarami nazywac «tancami talarskimi».. Pierwszy wyst^p Jana byl w bitwie pod Beresteczkiem, gdzie zostal ciQzko zraniony ; brat jego Marek zostai w bitwie pod Batowem pojmany przez Tatarow i na rozkaz chana zabity. Matka, ktora mimo spartanskiego usposobienia zostala zu- pelnie przygn^biona, udala si? na zawsze do Wloch.
W roku tysif|c szescset szescdziesifitym piq-tyni^ ozenif siq Jan Sobjeski z wdowq, po wojewodzie sandomii'skim Janie Zamojskim — Marjci Kazimir^ d'Arquion. Szesnasto- djiiowa bitwa pod Podhajcami z Turkami ustalila slawQ Sobjeskiego, a swietne zwyciQstwo pod Chocimem, ktore czterdziestu tysifjcy Turkow pozbawito zycia, bylo glownym powodem do wyboru Sobjeskiego krolem.
Polish Exercises.
The Farm.
The wealthy farmer has a si)acioiis, generally S(iuare court. On one side there is the dwelling-house, surrounded by tlic kitchen-garden and the orchard. Opposite the house there are the barn and the coach-house, on the left hand
1 16G3 is an erratum in the Englisli exercise.
-- -47 —
the stable for horses and the store-house, on the right the stables for cattle, and swine and the poultiy-yard.
In the stable for horses there are the horses and, in a special part, the colts. In the store-house there lie different sorts of corn, the clover-seed and the bran, designed for food. In the stable for cattle cows, oxen and calves stand fastened in rows. The neat herd presents them hay, clover or chopped straw, which he fetches from the store. The horses get the same food, but to chopped straw people add bran or oats. This food is poured into the crib, which generally is made of cement and has two parts, ill the one there is the beverage, in the other the dry food.
In the stables for swine there are swine, that is, sows with little pigs and fattened hogs. In the poultry-yard there are plenty of all feathered tribe, as poultry, geese, ducks, sometimes also turkeys and guinea-fowls.
In winter the barn is filled with corn, in summer empty. Into the coach-house coaches and waggons are put when not employed, that they do not get wet by rain or get dry by the sun. There are, too, different agricultural instruments, as ploughs, harrows, sowing-machines and horse-rakes.
The Harvest.
Of all sorts of corn, rye ripens with us earliest, after it barley, wheat, peas and, at last, oats. As soon as the voice of the quail sounded from the ripe corn: 'Come to mow, come to mow!' our mothers and fathers look the sickles and went
To those fields, painted with different sorts of corn,
With gilded wheat and silvery rye;
And harvest(s) began.
But those times, when corn was mown with the sickle, have a long while gone away, for such a manner of har- vesting lasted for too long a time, and at the harvest haste is necessary as long as the sun heats (earth) and fine weather Iasts\ in order to can-y the corn in a dry state to the barns. For that purpose larger spaces were mown with scythes, but to-day even scythes are replaced by corn- raowing-machines (corn-mowers), sheaves-binder and grass- mowers. The coi-n-mowers are machines which mow the higher sorts of corn; if they bind sheaves at the same time, they are called sheaves binder; for (the harvesting of) lower &:)rts of corn, clover and grass peo[)le employ grass- mowers. But when, after rain(s) and winds, corn lies down, it must be mown with scythes and laid into swaths.
— 48 -^-
Behind the reapers there go girls, who bind corn into sheaves and put it up into shocks or stacks; when it is dry, it is hrought into the barns, or into heaps or stacks.
For thrashing only peasants of small fanns employ flails, those of larger ones employ thrashing-machines driven by horses or by steam.
After corn there remain on the field only stubbles, but even they soon are covered with verdure, if corn is mingled ■with clover-seed.
After the (different) sorts of corn there is the turn of crops to be hoed, as potatoes, carrots, cabbage- turnips and beet-roots.
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