YA BB iy Ne Ahan hy Ted Pt GN lo eS ee Oe
ase pe cng ek mele ed RL oo NaN ee Petpet Ea
ei nant aces eteedieds - oe

Sie aha pean —— ine Meese
- ag ioe oa ra =
Sees Sa ne OR a ren earn

+ 8 en mn

* ie?
et ay

AT BR OO KIRAN eo:

<= >

VOL. Il. — APRIL 1886 to MARCH [887.

EDITOR:

2 ON (3. eee Eee dec,
NATIONAL MUSEUM,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

iy <i eeee
ASST. EDITOR:
Ses ee eSh ssoaens|\ae!.

BROOKLYN, N. Y.

¥ i wY-¥y

\LipraRY A

YOL.Il. BROOKLYN, APRIL, 1886. NO. 1.

INTRODUCTORY.

When, one year ago, we issued the first number of ‘‘ENromoLocica
AMERICANA’, it was not without some doubts as to the success of the
enterprise; but with a firm determination to do all in our power to make
itone. Weare pleased to be able to say that the support accorded us
has fully equalled our expectations, and, though by no means a financial
success, vet the support even in this way has been encouraging. It has
been our endeavor to present not only special or descriptive papers; but
also articles of an introductory nature, useful to the young student, and
notes on the current Entomological news and literature. Nor have our
papers been confined to one or two orders, though naturally Lepidoptera
and Coleoptera as interesting the greatest circle of readers received the
primary attention. Vol. II, the first number of which we present you
herewith will be conducted on the same plan as the previous volume,
and if possible even a greater variety and quantity of matter will be
presented. We have on hand nowa number of valuable papers, and
have promises of further supply from leading specialists in all orders. It
is unsafe to make specific promises as to the contents of a forthcoming
volume, so we shall only say that all classes will find something of
interest, and all students something of value in the numbers to be issued
during the coming year. We shall endeavor to bring out our paper as
promptly as heretofore, and hope that our friends will show their
appreciation of our efforts by as promptly sending in their subscriptions.

Tue PusiicaTion COMMITTEE
Brooktyn EnromonocicaL Society.

On some of the Genera of our Sphingidae.

By Pror. C. H. FERNALD, STATE COLLEGE, ORONO, ME.

In 1758, Linnzeus, in the tenth edition of his Systema Nature,
established the genus SfAix, making four divisions; the first containing
those with the outer margin of the fore wings angulated; the second,
those with the wings entire and the abdomen without anal tufts; the third
with entire wings but with anal tufts and the fourth of uncertain location.

In 1775, Fabricius published his Systema Entomologiz in which he
adopts the Linnean genus Sf/iv.x, restricting it to the first two divisions
given by Linnzeus, and established the genus Sesza for the third division
and the genus Zygaena for the fourth. In his Genera Insectorum, pub-
lished in 1776, Fabricius gives the characters of his genera and although
very superficial, those given for the genus Sesza appear to apply better to
the so-called A¢gerians than to any of the Sphinges although he had
some of both under his genus Sesz.

In 1805, Latreille, in the Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces et In-
sectes, vol. 14, p. 134, separated /:/rae, ocellata and popult from Sphinx and
established for them his genus Smerinthus, and removed séellatarum, fuct-
formis and bombyliformis from the genus Sestz where Fabricius had
placed them and located them under the genus Sff/imx. This move
purified the genus Sesza of its incongruous species and left it restricted as
now used by the French and German Entomologists.

In 1807, Fabricius prepared his Systema Glossatorum in which he
restricted the term Sesza to certain species of the Sphingidze and proposed
the generic name Aegerva for the group afterwards known by the English
Entomologists as the degervdae. Dr. Hagen in his invaluable Bibliotheca
Entomologica, states that this work of Fabricius was never published and
only advanced sheets were sent out, and the manuscript was lost. But
Latreiile had two years previously, as shown above, restricted Seszz to
those species for which Fabricius in an unpublished paper proposed the
name Aegerza. Weshould therefore regard Aegerta as a ‘synonym of
Sesra as restricted by Latreille. 1 should never have troubled myself or
anybody else with this history but for the reason that the French, Germans
and some Americans have always used these terms in the Latreillian and
correct sense, while the English and many among us have used them in
the Fabrician sense. For the sake of uniformity somebody ought to
change, and as the French and Germans are now really using the terms
correctly, we can hardly expect them to do so, The English have used
the terms Aegeria and Aegertidae so long that it will be. a long time be-
fore they will adopt new terms, but while we are revising our work and

-
o

publishing new lists, will it not be well to make the change from
Aegeritdae and Aegeria to Sestidae and Sesta? :

In ‘1777, Scopoli, in his Introductio ad historiam naturalem, pro-
posed the genus JZacroglossum with the European séed/a/arum, an opaque
winged species, as the type. In 1816, Dalman, in the Vetensk. Akad.
Handl. proposed the genus Hemaris for the European species /uct/ormis
and Jombyhformis, both transparent winged insects allied to our dffinis
and ¢hysée.

I have not examined these European species, but Mr. J. B. Smith
informs me that he has examined séeMafurum and finds no structural
differences from the clear winged species. If he has made no mistake
in his examination, there still remains the opacity or transparency of the
wings to separate them. It is true that some of the species, on emerging
from the pupa, have a few scales on the transparent part, which soon fall
off, but I never heard of a case where there was the slightest danger of
mistaking one for an opaque winged species,

If we accept the view advanced by Dr. Horn, that genera do not
occur in nature, but that they are simply convenient divisions, would it
not be more convenient both to the collector and the student, to regard
the clearwings as a distinct genus since the transparency of the wings is
so obvious a character? If so, our species will belong to Dalman’s genus
Flemaris .

In 1816, Ochsenheimer, in the 4th vol. of bis Schmetterlinge von
Europa, established the generic name Dezlephila with merit as the type,
and this genus has always been accepted as it seems to include species
well separated from those of other genera. In 1816, the Verzeichniss of
Hiibner purports to have been published, but the part pertaining to the
Sphingidue could not have been published earlier than 1818 as shown by
Mr. Scudder. In this work Hibner has given a large number of generic
names, some of which are now in use and generally received.

In addition to the above named authors, Harris, Clemens, Walker,
Grote and Robinson, Boisduval, Poey, Bremer, Duponche! and Swainson
have given us genera for our North American species of the Sphingidae
till, at the present time, we have more than we know what to do with,
and the work of elimination has begun.

In the Entomologica Americana, Vol. I, page 81, Mr. Smith has
given us a very suggestive and timely paper on our N.A,. Sphingidae and
one which I trust is to be only a preliminary paper to a fuller and more
exhaustive one on the same subject hereafter. Without taking the space
to call attention to the numerous good features of the work, I desire to

Sie

call attention to one or two oversights, and if lam wrong, no doubt Mr.
Smith will convince me of the error of my ways.
Our author has taken Pogoco/on and made Lefisesia and Euproserp-

inus synonyms of the same. Without discussing the question whether .

they are really synonymous, I would merely say that Zefzsesza was estab-
lished by Grote in Aug. 1865, Luproserpinus by Grote and Robinson in
Nov. 1865, and Pogocolon by Boisduval in 1874, so that Lepisesza should
have been used,

The genus Darapsa was established by Walker in 1856 but Mr.
Butler states in his ‘‘Revision’, that the ‘‘genus was founded upon most
heterogeneous material, the first three species [choertlus Cr., myron Cr. and
pholus Cr. | being referable to Hiibner’s genus O/us, the fifth, to Walker's
genus Diodosida, the sixth and eighth, to the genus Daphnis of Hibner,
the seventh, ninth and tenth, to Chaerocampa of Duponchel; there there-
fore remains only the fourth species, allied to Ch@rocampa, but apparently
sufficiently distinct”. This is rhedocera from the West Indies and is
retained by Butler under the genus Darupsa as the type. The genus
Ofus was proposed by Hiibner for choertlus and myron and is used for
these species and some others by Mr. Butler. Mr. Grote had previously
broken up Walker’s genus in the same manner but in 1873 he changed
his ideas, for some reason not apparent, and took Walker’s first species
(choertlus) for the type and adopted the genus Darapsa for our species.
Mr. Butler objected to this asthe genus thus limited was synonymous
with Hibner’s Ofus. But the name O/us had been previously used by
Cuvier for a genus of birds ae prevents our using it for insects and on
account of this, Boisduval in 1874, established the genus Lveryx with
myron for the type. If rhodocera should prove to be really congeneric
with myron and choertlus, then Walker's Darapsa should be used for
them all, but Mr. Smith who has examined rhodocera, informs me that it
is really generically distinct and therefore I see no alternative but to use
Everyx for our species.

In 1873, Mr. Grote established his genus Ca/asyméolus with astylus
for the type, leaving myops with excecatus under Puonras, but later he
transferred myops to Calasymbolus. ‘The only characters given were ‘‘the
genus differs from Paonzas in the shape of the secondaries, and from
Smerinfhus in antennal structure’. With regard to the antennal struct-
ure, Mr. Grote probably compared the male of asty/us, having biciliate
antennz, with the male of gemafus which has strongly bipectinated
antenna while in cerzsz they are biciliate. Zacecatus, myops and astylus

all agree in the form of the costa of the hind wings, in the small size of

the thorax, the unsunken head and the vestiture of the head and thorax.
and in these regards they differ from gemima/us and cerrst?, On the other

g

|
|
ui

hand, certs’? comes nearer to excéca/us in the form of the outer margin
of the fore wings than either of the others.

Without enumerating further points of agreement or difference, it
seems to me that we must either accept Paonias, Calasymbolus and Smer-
inthus or else unite them all under the one genus Smerinthus. Which
will be most ‘‘convenient’?

Mr. Smith states as follows in his remarks under ‘‘Darapsa”, ‘‘I
cannot separate A mpelophaga versicolor from this genus”. Not feeling
quite willing to take this ea cafhedra statement without question, I exam-
ined my material (choertlus, myron and versicolor), with some degree of
care and find the following points of agreement. The head is small
with the scales forming a central ridge or tuft between the antenne; pro-
boscis about half the length of the body; palpi of medium size and
length, curving up and pressed against the front; eyes of medium size,
hemispherical and slightly ciliated; ocelli wanting; antennz slim, fusi-
form, prominently hooked at the end, biciliate in the males but simple
in the females; thorax short and stout, but little advanced in front of the
base of the fore wings, vestiture smooth; abdomen large, cylindrical,
tapering rather suddenly on the last segments, without anal or side tufts,
segments destitute of spinules along the hinder edge; tibiz not spinose
(fore and middle tibia spinose in choertlus), middle tibiae with one pair
of comparatively long, unequal spurs, the hind tibize with two pairs.

The fore wings have eleven veins (vein 10 wanting), the apex falcate
or the outer margin excavate from the apex to the end of vein 4, and
rounded beyond, ‘The hind wings have the outer margin excavate be-
tween veins 1b and 3, but nearly straight beyond, or they appear to be
somewhat produced at the end of vein 1b; costa of all the wings arcuate:
frenulum and loop present in the males, loop wanting in the females but
the frenulum is represented by a cluster of very short fine bristles.

Why these species should ever have been separated is more than I
can conceive, As shown above, they belong to the genus Lveryx, If
any separation is to be made, it would seem that choers/us should be the
one separated from the other two, because of its spinose tibiae,

Mr. Smith says that Der/ephila has “the fore tibie at the tip and thé
tarsi at the sides furnished with longer claw like spines’’, but by a careful
examination of ten examples of /mez/a and fourteen of chameneri?, I find
the fore tibiz entirely free from spines but there is a row of longer and
larger, somewhat curved spines on the ouészde of the fore tarsi only.

When we find Daremma, Diludia. Phlegethontius, Dolba and Hyloi-
us by one stroke of the pen all united under Sphinx, is it not time to
call a halt? Why not have put Cera/omia into the same lot? Did those
four little thorns on the larva inspire fear? Surely Cera/omia is more

nearly related to Daremma than some of the other genera are. The study
which I have already given to these genera leads me to think that when
Mr. Smith reviews his work and critically examines all the species struct-
urally, including the genitalia, he will also include Cera/fomia, or else,
(what is more likely); he will retain all the above named genera distinct. _
I have already trespassed too far and will not take time and space to point
out their respective distinctive characters.

NOTE BY EDITOR.

Prof. Fernald rather intimates in the preceeding paper that he would
like to have me ‘‘rise and explain’—a thing I am never averse to doing.
In the first place my paper on the Sphingidz is very general in character,
does not pretend to go into the minuter details of structure, and gives
only in brief my ideas on the subject, in the form that seemed to me
most suited to the needs of the class that I desired to reach. The quest-
ion of Sesiide or Aegeriide is not touched in my paper; but I take this
opportunity of signifying my entire concurrence in Prof. Fernald’s view
of the matter.

Macroglossa or Hemaris? The great majority of European authors
place croatica and stellatarum together with the clear winged forms, and
Staudinger so catalogues them. Svel/afarum makes a long reach in
habitus to Ae/opos, while croatfica has rather more the true Macroglossa
form. It isa question of opinion, and as my paper was designed to
leave out such discussions, I adopted the more comprehensive term. As
we have only the clear winged forms in our fauna it may be preferable to
use the more restrictive term Hemaris.

As to Lepisesta or Pogocolon, Prof. Fernald is right. The former has
priority. The only awkward point is that whereas Pogoco/on includes
Lepisesia, that genus being created for a somewhat peculiar species, does
not include Pogocolon. Mr. Grote’s genus was created for this species
only; but as the species of Pogocolon are really congeneric with Lepisesta
flavofasctata Mr. Grote’s genus must be used.

As to Darapsa: No one reading Walker's characterization and no-
ting the general agreement of the forms placed under it, can doubt that
the genus created by him was really nothing but Ofvs Hb., and as Ofus
was preoccupied Darapsa should properly have been used as a substitute.
Mr. Grote’s action in breaking up the genus was therefore somewhat
arbitrary; but as the jerm really included heterogeneous material he had
perhaps the right to restrict the name to any form he chose. But he
should have provided the three species of O/us with a new generie term.
Mr. Grote’s return to Darapsa was probably based on a view similar to

a |

mine. As, after all, stability in nomenclature is preferable to a sticking
for a matter of unimportant principle, and as Zveryx Bd. has come to be
generally accepted, I will in future use this term, though I still claim
that in strictness Darapsa should be used. My statement about rhodoceru
was hardly so positive as Prof. Fernald puts it. I have seen the species,
and it seems distinct enough from a rather superficial cOmparison—un-
doubtedly it is as distinct as a goodly portion of the other Sphingid
genera,

The Smerinthine are all known to me, and I must still insist that
Calasymbolus is synonymous with Symerinthus, while I am not prepared
to say that Paonzas should be united.

‘‘Which is most convenient?’ When a genus contains so many
species that it becomes unwieldy, then comparatively unimportant charact-
ers may be used to separate it asa matter of convenience; but when there
are only six species all told, and on Prof. Fernald’s own showing charact-
ters of equal value with those separating Cadasymbolus, separate most of
the species, then I cannot see where the convenience comes in, if we
burden our memories and lists with a genus for every species or two.

My statement as to the armature of Dezlephi/a was based on a rather
careful examination of several specimens of /imeafa, and a more cursory
one of some of the European species. Going over the material again I.
find Prof. Fernald correct in stating that the fore tibia are not armed at
tip. ‘The first joint of the fore tarsus has a number of spines so close to
the base, that, partially concealed as they are by the vestiture, they seem
to belong to the tibie. By removing the vestiture the error is at once
apparent, ‘This armature of the tarsi at that point is so unusual, while
the terminal armature of the tibia is so common, that I was perhaps
justifiable in assuming the usual state as the actual one. The further
statement of the armature of tarsi was loose—it should have been ‘‘out-
side” instead of ‘‘sides’’. This mistake is an error in the use of language
and not of observation, for I knew the tarsi were so armed only at the
outside,

I regret that Prof. Fernald did not go further in his paper and point
out all the differences between those genera I have lumped under Sphinx.
I have seen and more or less closely examined nearly all of the species
in all the genera that I have united, and have not thus far found any
characters that could be seized on and definitively stated. Some day not
too far distant, I hope to get at this family with an abundance of material
at command, and maybe then | can convince Prof. Fernald that I was
right—if on the other hand I should find I had been hasty, I shall be
prompt in acknowledging my sins,

Notes on North American Zygaenidae and Bombycidae

with descriptions of new forms.

By Henry Epwarps.

As far as I am able to discover from the literature at my command,
the following species of Heterocera await description. It is somewhat
remarkable that*six distinct forms of Gluphisia, (of which genus only one
species so far is to be found in our lists) should so long have remained
unnoticed, especially as those hereafter described, or at last two or three
of them, did not appear to be rare in the localities in which they were

taken.
Fam. CTENUCHIDAE.

Scepsis gravis, n. sp.

Very closely allied to S. fudzzcollis, but a much heavier insect, with
the wings broader, and the abdomen much stouter and shorter. The
pectinations of the antennze are longer than in the common species, the
clay colored costa is paler and therefore more distinct, the fringe of the
primaries is clay color and not dusky or shaded with dusky, and the base
of the head is wholly black, not at all encroached upon by orange. - The
vestiture of the thorax is very long, in this respect approaching the cha-
racter pointed out by Dr. Packard as belonging to the species afterwards
described by Mr. Grote as S. Packardi (Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. Vol. 4,
318). In other details it does not accord with this description, and |
can but think with Mr. Stretch that Dr. Packard and Mr. Grote had be-
fore them some faded examples of S. /u/vcollis, which as well as the
present species, is found in California. I have no doubt of the distinct-
ness of S. gravis, whether it be S. Packard: or not, and I hardly think
Dr. Packard could have overlooked so important a character as the black
base of the head, to say nothing of the increased size and broader and
heavier appearance.

My specimens, (5 in number) are all from Mendocino Co., Calif.,

where they were taken by Mr. O. Baron.

Scepsis var. pallens, n. var.

I took in Denver, Colorado, during the past summer, several fer-
fectly fresh examples of S. fulvicollis, of the form alluded to by Mr. Grote,
(l.c.) in which the collar is pale buff, indeed, in some specimens it may
be called dirty white. This is not owing to fading, as most of the
examples found were in excellent order, and not a few recently emerged
from the chrysalis. I propose for this the above varietal name,

Lycomorpha coccinea n. sp.

: Head, thorax, base of abdomen, basal two-thirds of primaries, and basal half of
secondaries bright carmine red. Border of the wings blue black, the inner edge of
both borders strongly dentate. Eyes, antenne, and tip of palpi black. The markings
are repeated on the lower side, the legs being brownish black, with crimson tinge. 2
Q. Arizona.. Coll. Hy. Edwards. Expanse of wings 24mm. Length of body
9 mm,

Melanchroia geometrides Walk.

This species must find a place in our lists, as several specimens
were taken by the late Mr. H. K. Morrison at Key West, Florida. By a
singular error, Walker gives its locality as ‘‘Java” (C. B. M. Vol, 2,
p. 387). It is common in Cuba.

Melanchroia cephise Cram.

This species has long been known as belonging to our fauna, having
been found in Texas and Arizona. No mention of it is made in either
Grote’s New Check List or in that published by the Brooklyn Entom.
Society,

. Fam. NYCTEOLIDAE H. Sch.

Earias obliquata n. sp.

Primaries very pale apple green, with an oblique stripe of pure white extending
from basal third of internal margin to the middle of costa, which is also white near
to the apex. Secondaries sordid white, with slightly pink tinge. Beneath wholly
sordid white, stained with reddish along costal margins. Thorax pale green, ab-
domen sordid white, concolorous with the wings. 2 ote Neuces River, Tex. Coll.
B. Neumoegen and Hy. Edwards. Expanse of wings 20 mm.

This insect evidently belongs to H. Schaffer’s family Nycteolide,
as does also the genus Sarrofhripa which has at least three represen-
tatives in our fauna, all strangely omitted from our published lists.

Fam. LITHOSIDAE.

Hypoprepia plumbea n. sp.

A northern form, in which the primaries are nearly all lead-color, with the costa,
internal margin, and median nerve all narrowly buff, the latter once forked behind
the cell, the forks stained with pale pink. The ¢egulee are pinkish, the abdomen and
thorax as in H. fucosa. The secondaries have only the basal third pink, the lead
colored border being unusually wide. Though I believe this to be but a variety, it
is so far removed from the typical examples of H. fucosa, that I have deemed it
worthy ofaname. 2',1 Q. Minneapolis, Minn. July 1884. (At light.)

Fam. BOMBYCIDAE.
Lithacodes laticlavia Clem.

This form has been confounded in collections with the well-known L. fasciolu
H. Sch., but though greatly resembling each other, I am confident that they are
distinct, and that Clemens’ name should be restored for the present form. It is only
? the size of L. fasciola, is of a much paler color, and wants the dark shading behind
the silvery band. This band is also more straight on its edges, and the oblique sub-
apical line is very indistinct and in some cases obsolete. The lower wings are

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 2

— oa

pale, testaceous, not stained with the dusky shade, as is the case with the larger
species.
Average expanse of wings, L. fasciola, 22 mm.
i Je «ee TL. laticlavia, 16 mm.
Several examples. Texas. G. W. Belfrage.

Limacodes parallela n. sp.

Allied to L. Y-inversa Pack., but a very much smaller insect, smaller indeed
than L. rectilinea. Ochreous, the upper wings darker than the lower, The orna-
mentation is similar to that of Z. Y-inversa, but the second stripe of darker shade is
quite straight and runs parallel with the first band, throwing the oblique subapical
stripe which forms the short arm of the Y toa point considerably nearer the apex
than in the allied species. With the exception of the brown stripes the entire insect
is ochreous above and below.

Expanse of wings 20mm. 1 <j. Indian River, Florida. Type, Coll. Hy-.
Edwards.

Monoleuca obliqua n. sp.

Size of M. sulphurea, paler in color, with the white mark on internal margin
quite oblique and directed from about 5 mm. from base of the wing immediately
towards the apex. It is slightly waved, and is clear white. Lower wings paler than
the upper.

I Se Indian River, Florida. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Ichthyura luculenta n. sp.

Closely allied to I. strigosa Gr. and at first it may be mistaken for it. It is
however a little smaller, and of a paler gray color over the whole surface. The
thorax is wholly gray, wanting the usual brown longitudinal band, this being repre-
sented by a brown shade between the antenne, Abdomen, legs, palpi, and shaft of
the antenne silvery gray. The lines are more strongly bordered with white than in
any other of the species. the basal portion so much so as to leave the lines almost
obsolete. The first or basal line starts from a whitish blotch a little above the median
nerve, and is not dislocated as in other species. It is waved anteriorly, and bends
abruptly outwardly before reaching the internal margin. The second line is very
oblique, reaching the internal angle farther posteriorly than in I. strigosa. It is
bordered outwardly by a brown shade. The third line leaves the second on the sub-
median nervule, and is rather deeply notched before touching the internal margin.
The fourth line is almost straight in its direction, starting from the usual white dash
on the costa, (which is, however, very indistinct) and is much waved throughout.-
There is a fawn colored shade behind its apical portion, but no trace of red scales.
The margin is white, and the fringe grayish brown, cut with white at the nervules.
The lower wings are smoky drab, palest along the abdominal margin, and with no
median band. Beneath smoky-drab, darkest along costa of the primaries, which
have a faintly defined paler band. Expanse of wings 28 mm. 2 <j. Whitings,
N. Indiana. (W. G. Gallagher.) Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Ichthyura jocosa, n. sp.

Wholly dark fawn drab, the lines all indistinet, the basal being quite obsolete for
its costal half. Second line nearly even in its course, reaching the internal margin
considerably before the internal angle. It is shaded behind with reddish brown.
Third line leaves the second very much below the median nerve and curves abruptly
as it touches the internal margin. Fourth line visible on costa, then lost in a chest-
nut colored cloud, then very slightly sinuate towards the internal margin. There is

i ’

no trace of white on the costal part of this line. A very faint row of brownish sub-
marginal spots. Margin a little paler than the ground color. Lower wings paler
fawn-color, with no median band. Underside wholly pale fawn-color, primaries
darkest, with very faint median band common to both wings, The thorax above has
the usual brown discal stripe, and the palpi are also brown above. Abdomen and
legs wholly fawn-color. 1 Q. Indian River, Florida, Expanse of wings 28 mm.

A very peculiar species, easily distinguished by its extremely faint
lines, the want of the white sub-apical dash, and its brownish fawn-color,
recalling that of the European Z. anastomosis L.

Ichthyura astoriz n. sp.

Very pale, almost sordid white, so that the lines are almost undistinguishable.
Basal line bent outwardly in a sharp tooth on the sub-costal nervule. Second line
very slightly waved, and faintly bordered with pale brown posteriorly. Its branch,
(the third line) runs almost parallel with the basal line. The fourth leaves the costa
in a whitish curved streak, is there almost obsolete in a yellowish cloud, where it is
much curved and then almost straight to the internal margin, Behind this are some
blackish linear spots. Fringe concolorous. Secondaries above pale drab, no median
band. Beneath wholly sordid white, with faint median band on secondaries only.
Thorax with very pale brown discal line. Expanse of wings 32 mm. 1 <j. Astoria,
Oregon. Coll. Hy. Edwards.

The-palest of the genus, nearer to /. zzorna/a Neum., but differing
greatly in the shape and direction of the lines, as well as in other
particulars.

Gluphisia Tearlei n. sp.

Ashen gray, crossed by two slightly waved lines of reddish brown, which
are edged distinctly with black. The median space is a little lighter than the rest of
the wing. Posterior margins slightly clouded with dusky. A narrow black marginal
line. Lower wings dusky. Beneath dusky, without marks. Thorax reddish-brown
in front, gray on disk, as is also the abdomen. Exp. of wings 40 mm. Length of body
13mm. 1Q. Lake Tahoe, Cal.(Tearle). 1 f'. Truckee, Cal. (C. F. McGlashan.)

Dedicated to my friend Osmond Tearle, Esq., by whom this interest-
ing species was first captured.

Gluphisia Wrightii n. sp.

Head, thorax and abdomen very dark gray, thickly speckled with black scales,
but lighter on the under side. The primaries are also very heavily covered with
black scales. A little above the basal half of wing runs a waved line of pale gray,
and from internal angle another waved line more oblique. The space between them
is closely scaled with black, but towards the inner margin is an almost square buff
patch, across which runs a black line. Space behind the middle band _ blackish,
shading into pale gray at the submarginal dentate line. Margin and fringe pale gray,
spotted with black. Secondaries sordid white, with a dusky submarginal shade,
connecting with the blackish anal spot. Beneath smoky white, with faint indications
of a double median band. Expanse of wings 42mm. 1 ©. San Bernardino, Cal.

Kindly added to my collection, by my friend Mr, W. G. Wright,
after whom I have named this pretty species.

Gluphisia ridenda n. sp.
Head, thorax and abdomen dark gray, plentifully sprinkled with black, especi-

— Tae

ally on the upper side. Feet and legs also gray mottled with black. Antennze with
the shaft white, pectinations blackish. Primaries with a buff patch at the base, in
which are a few black scales. Behind thisa gray band, edged before and behind with
black, and sprinkled with black scales. Then a rather wide buff or fawn-color shade,
through which runs a waved rather indistinct blackish band. Behind this fawn-color
band is another of white or silver-gray, edged with a conspicuous dentate black line,
with some black scales towards the apex. ‘The space behind the dentate line is pale
gray. Fringe whitish, flecked with black. Secondaries yellowish gray, shading
into dark smoky towards the margins. Underside sordid white, dark on the apex of
primaries, with faint traces of a median band. Expanse of wings 30mm. Length
of body 12mm. 3’, 1 Q. Denver, Colorado. Hy. Edwards, 1 ¢', Montana,
Coll. Neumoegen.

Gluphisia rupta n. sp.

Head and thorax above white flecked with a few black scales, white beneath.
Abdomen and antennz wanting in my unique specimen, Primaries with basal space
white with black central cloud. A very strongly marked black line runs quite across
the wing a little behind the basal third, and from its junction at the internal margin,
another line fainter and more oblique, and slightly dentate inwardly reaches the costa
at the apical third. The space between these two lines is stained with buff, and there
are a few black scales nearest the inner margin, Behind this is a broad space
limited by the dentate submarginal band, and clouded heavily with black. Second-
aries smoky, a little paler at their base. Fringes of both wings white, spotted with
black at the intersection of the nervules. Underside sordid white, the primaries with
a broad smoky submarginal band. Size of G@. ridenda. 1 cf. Denver, Colorado.
Hy. Edwards.

The single specimen I possess of this species, was partially eaten by
cockroaches after its capture, but an early examination enabled me to
pronounce positively as to its sex.

Gluphisia albofascia n. sp.

Ground color of primaries white witha yellowish tinge. Behind the small basal
space is a rather broad black band, narrowing a little towards the costa. On this are
a few whitish scales. Then abroad yellowish white space, widest on the costa,
where it is stamed with black, and behind this to the margin a blackish cloud, grow-
ing faint at the margin, and enclosing a dentate submarginal line, Secondaries pure
white, with a black shade at the anal angle. Fringes white with black spots at
the intersection of the nervules. Underside clear white, the markings of the upper
surface plainly visible. Fore tarsi distinctly banded with black. Expanse of wings
32mm. Length of body 14mm. 2%. Salt Lake City, Utah. Hy. Edwards.

Gluphisia formosa n. sp.

Size and appearance of the last species, otf which it may be but an extreme
variety. There is however, a very distinct shade of buff crossing the middle of the
wing, and the lines are all very faint, giving the insect a yellowish-gray appearance,
The primaries are only very sparsely covered with black scales, and the black anal
spot of the secondaries is wanting. Beneath, a very distinct smoky median band
crosses the primaries, and appears on the costa of the secondaries in the shape of two
spots. 4,19. Salt Lake City, Utah. Hy. Edwards. °

It is possible that G. rzdenda and G. rupfa are forms of one species,
and that G. al/bofascia and G. formosa forms of another, but I prefer to

24 aa See

consider them as distinct until future investigation shall determine their
true position. The lower wings of the Salt Lake forms are clear white,
while those from Denver are smoky.

Orgyia leucographa Walk. (Lep. Heter. B. M., p. 1723.)

I have before me 7 examples of a form of Orgyia, which to say the
least, are very extreme varieties of the common species, In the first
place, there is a marked difference in. size, O. /eucostigma being much
larger than the specimen under consideration. The color is uniform
stone ‘drab, with the lines very faintly marked, and the usual dark costo-
apical entirely obliterated in 3 of the specimens, and only very faintly
shown in the remaining 4. The white posterior spot near the internal
angle, is also very faint in 2 specimens, stronger in 2, and quite distinct
in the other 3. The ground color of all however is the same, stone drab,
instead of brownish drab. Two Qs of this form are also very much
slighter and smaller than those of O. leucostigma. Could Walker have
had this form before him when describing O. /eucographa? He must
have been well acquainted with O. /eucostigma, as on page 786, l.c., he
quotes Smith & Abbott's description, and therefore he cannot in his de-
scription of O. @ucographa refer to the common form of the well known
species. . However, should this surmise prove incorrect, I propose for
the present insect the varietal name of O. obliviosa. My examples are
all from New Jersev, and are by no means faded, as 3 of them were rais-
ed from cocoons found on maple.

Apatelodes indistincta n. sp.

Primaries of a grayish drab, tinted with reddish, the lines and marks all obsolete.
the surface dotted with black irrorations. There is near the apex a semi-transparent
square spot, with a smaller one beneath it, The fringe is reddish chestnut. The
secondaries are reddish testaceous, without marks. Underside wholly reddish fawn-
color, with a few black and brown specks, but wholly without the dark shading so
conspicuous in A. torrefacta. Thorax, color of primaries. Abdomen reddish testa-
ceous with brown dots. Expanse of wings 35 mm. Length of body 18mm. 1 J.
Indian River, Florida. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Apatelodes torrefacta var. Floridana n. var.

In this form, which I have never seen, except from Florida, the
wings have a much redder shade, the secondaries being almost dull brick
red. The double brown spot on the internal margin near the base, is
much smaller than in the typical form, while the whitish shade on the
abdominal margin of secondaries is almost wanting. The lines are all
much fainter, the discal whitish spot, as well as that at the apex, being
much more clearly defined. Beneath, the wings are foxy red, darker at
the apex of primaries, with the bands only very faintly marked. It is
possible that we may have to do with a distinct species. Specimens are
in my own collection, and that of Mr. B, Neumoegen,

eee
%
e

‘

pe

Hemileuca Maia var. Lucina n. var.

A form occuring in Maine, and probably in other of the northern
portions of our continent, which appears to deserve at least a varietal
name, It is intermediate between H, Maia and H. Nevadensis, having
the primrose band uniformly broad on the primaries and including the
discal ocellus, and that of secondaries always wider than in any examples
of H. Maia seen by me. This band too is of rather different shape, and
invariably reaches the posterior margin farther from the anal angle than
is the case with H aia. The wings too are much more transparent
than those of the common form, and in some cases appear to be almost
denuded of scales. I have during the past summer examined upwards
of 300 specimens of #. Maia, many of which were raised from the egg,
but though varying considerably among themselves, in the width and
density of the band, I have seen none that I could not very readily
separate from the form now under notice. My specimens (3 ¢, 2 9),
are all from Norway, Me., and from near Bangor, Me.

Lophodonta plumosa n. sp.

Head, thorax, palpi, and abdomen brownish gray, the latter blackish at its base.
Antennz with extremely long pectinations, giving them a plumose appearance.
Primaries brownish gray, with the nervules black. A linear discal spot surrounded
by a buff shade, a sub-marginal slightly waved line, composed of blackish spots,
between the nervules. There is a whitish cloud on the middle of the costa, and the
whole surface is thickly flecked with black scales. Secondaries sordid white, the ab-
dominal margin yellowish, the posterior margin distinctly dusky, the dark shade
widening at the apex. Fringe sordid white. Beneath sordid white, the costa of

primaries dusky, and the submarginal line faintly shown. Expanse of wings 45 mm.
Length of body 22 mm. 1. Denver, Colorado.

A very distinct and strongly marked species, unlike anything else
known to me. I place it provisionally here, the plumose antennz, and
the absence of the tuft at the internal angle of primaries, probably en-
titling it to generic rank,

Hepialus McGlashani n. sp.

Primaries yellowish fawn-color, of a brighter tint than any North Amer. species
previously known to me. From the middle of the base runs a rather broad, very
distinct, uneven silvery white line, which traverses the whole extent of the wing, and
is entire and uninterrupted throughout its whole course. It runs from its starting
point in a curve to the sub-costal nerve near the upper end of the cell, thence obliquely
to the internal margin, which it touches by a projecting tooth and thence directly to
the apex. It has in the submarginal portion a tooth on each side near the middle of
the wing, the posterior one being connected with the margin by a small white dash.
Near the base of the internal margin are three small white dots, and along the costa
are 6 others, the fourth of which is the largest, and is nearly connected with the for-
ward tooth of the submarginal band. The secondaries are smoky, edged rather
broadly with yellowish fawn-color. The fringes of both wings, as well as the thorax
and head are of the same shade as the ground color of the primaries. The abdomen
is pale smoky. Beneath, wholly smoky, the margins fawn-color, with a pinkish

— 15—

tinge. Expanse of wings 30mm, Length of body 16mm. 9g examples, oj, Q.
Truckee, Calif. (C. F. McGlashan.)

A very pretty species, in which the silvery band is in very strong
contrast with the ground color of the wing. Its nearest ally is 7. M/ash-
ewt, Hy. Edw. (Vance. Island) but the present species cannot be con-
founded with any other. Mr. McGlashan, who is doing good work
among the Lepidoptera of his district, and to whom I gratefully dedicate
this interesting form, writes me as follows, regarding its habits: ‘‘The
moth flits about the meadows for about 20 minutes just at dusk. Great
numbers fly then at twilight, during the latter days of August and _ first
days of September. The females seem to remain on the ground, and the
males fly swiftly about in quest of them. At 6:40 their flight begins, at
7 itis ended. They are found only in grassy meadows.”

—— rr 1

Larval history of Spilosoma congrua, W/és.
By Gro. D. Hutst.

Some few weeks since Mr. David Bruce of Brockport, N. Y., made
me a visit, and looking over my treasures identified a certain pair of
Arctide as Spilosoma congrua W\k. ‘The insect had been in my collec-
tion unidentified for 32 years. But having them now identified, I am
able to give a brief larval history, which all that time has been awaiting
a name.

On the 8th of June 1882, while walking in the beautiful park in
connection with Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., I found a pair of
Spilosoma, which, while approaching S. wgimia in appearance, were at
once recognized as distinct. The insects were, as I had no other means
of carrying them, at once pinned in my hat, which often serves as au
entomological box. I was called away as soon as I reached my stopping
place in the city to an ecclesiastical meeting, which was of so exciting a
nature that I forgot all about my insects until the next morning, But
then looking for them, I found that the female before dying had laid a
few eggs, which were cared for and brought-with me to Brooklyn.

The eggs were laid as are the eggs of S, virginica in a mass with
something of regularity, and were pure white, not yellowish as in that
species. The larvae emerged June 15th, and resembled the larvze of .S.
wrginica, being of a dull somewhat sooty white, the hairs being long
silky and scattered. After the first moult the larva took a form and color
which remained practically unchanged through their succeeding history,
and I give only, and that in brief, their appearance after the last moult.

Ue jpn

The head was of a deep shining black color, as were the pro-legs.
The anal legs were black above, lighter below. The body dorsally and
sub-dorsally was covered with hairs which were deep shining black,
though duller in color near base. Laterally. on each segment, was a
spot of light tawny or reddish brown hairs, including in part at least the
spiracles, and these, often confluent, formed a lateral band. The spiracles
were black. ‘The first larva made cocoon, which was loosely composed
of hairs, with little or no silk, July 17th. Unfortunately the pupz all
dried up, so that not one emerged. As will be seen the insect is un-
doubtedly double brooded, and passes the winter like its congeners in
the pupal state.

But there is one item of interest; Mr. Bruce has also raised the
larva, and noted the same thing. The larva is, after the first moult,
black and the hairs are even and comparatively short. The larvee are in
appearance and vestiture not at all like the larvae of wirgznica or latpennts,
but like, and indeed hardly to be distinguished from the larvae of Arcéza
virgo, nais, and arge. In other words, the imago isa Sfilosoma, the
larva is an Avcfza. Whether this will be of value in generic reference,
and what effect it will have on the validity of two genera which have now,
so far as is known, only the color of the insects to separate them, I will
leave to others to determine,

(Et a

On some species of Anthaxia.
By C. H. Roserts,

In the Trans. Amer. Ent. Society, Vol. X, August 1882, Dr. Horn
has given us a revision of the genus An¢haxia of Buprestidz.

In his opening remarks Dr. Horn speaks as follows: ‘‘In the study
of our species I have been unable to find any sexual characters like those
which have been observed in the species of Europe. On the other hand,
with an incomplete series however, I have not been able to find any of
the latter with the tarsal claws toothed as in our cyenel/a and quercata. It
will be observed that these two species differ from each other in the same
manner that wridifrons and viridicornis do, and the question has arisen
in my mind whether they are not respectively sexes of each other, the
male in each case having the rougher surface sculpture.”

Dr. Horn again calls attention to this matter further on in his
article, and urges collectors to study the habits of these species, saying
of cyanella and quercata, ‘‘they are so often sent together, and even plac-
ed side by side, that I am inclined to suspect a closer relationship than
that of allied species, in other words may they not be sexes of one?”

7h? z : Iw aN

—17—

While collecting in Middlesex Co., N. J., last summer, after beating
a grape vine I found the species cyanella and quercata both in the net.
This led to a careful search of the vine. I found the two species in large
numbers flying about in company, and after watching them for nearly
an hour was rewarded for my patience by the happy discovery of the two
in copulation.

Continuing my search upon this and other vines in the vicinity I
succeeded in capturing twenty-two pairs a// copulated.

This proves Dr, Horn’s surmise to be correct, that cyanel/a is the
female form of guerca/a, and thus one of our prettiest species is lost to us,
as has often been the case before, by uniting its fortunes with those of a
male. I am now more strongly than ever of the opinion that the species
viridifrons and viridicornis bear this same relation to each other, and that
among the numerous aliases of eneogaster the female will be found.

It is to be hoped that other collectors, with myself, will search for
the species of Anéhaxia next season, and endeavor to establish their re-
lationship to each other.

—_——————[—=»P + 2 + 6

Book Notices.

In Part IIL of Tr. Ent. Soc. London for 1885 there is a note ‘‘On
two remarkable cases of mimicry from Elopura, British North Borneo”,
by H. J. S. Pryer; one referring to a Sesd@ bearing a close resemblance
to a wasp, but not more so than some others of this family, and the other
to a Cerambycid (Coloborhombus fasciatipennis Waterh.), which bears a
most remarkable resemblance to a Scolia like wasp. This latter is a very
interesting and remarkable instance of protective mimicry. We have in
the American fauna several species which in flight may easily be mistaken
for wasps, notably in the north Bedlamira scalaris, but when the insects
are at rest this resemblance ceases.

In the Proceedings of the Society at the April Meeting, the following °

communication deserves notice.

‘‘Mr. R. M. Christy, who was present as a visitor, read the follow-
ing note: As requested by my friend Mr. Wm. Cole, I wish to bring
under your notice what I think will be regarded as a remarkable obvious
case of naturally protective coloring. Iwas in America in the autumn
of 1883, and on the 26th of August, near Carberry, Manitoba, I found
a large larva feeding ravenously on the leaves of a small bush (Lleagnus
argentea), which is so common on many of the drier parts of the prairies,
of the Canadian Northwest. A short search brought to light quite a
number of others, all feeding on the leaves of the same bush, These I

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, 3

ees

carefully kept, and in due time they entered upon the pupa stage, en-—
closing themselves in hard brown pear-shaped cocoons open at one end.
Unfortunately, however, the mature insects emerged last spring (1884),
while I was again in America, with the result that I am now only able to
exhibit two very dilapidated—instead of two very handsome—specimens
of that local form or sub-species of Platysamia columbia which is peculiar
to the prairies of the Canadian Northwest, and which has very recently
been named Platysamia columbia-nokomis by my friend, Mr. Brodie, of
Toronto, in accordance with the trinomial system of nomenclature so
general across the Atlantic.

I have brought up for exhibition specimens of Lveagnuus argentea.
It will be observed that the leaves are of a very peculiar pale silvery green
color, quite unlike that of the Jeaves of most other shrubs. I have also
brought for exhibition a colored drawing of the full-grown larva of the
insect, made by my friend Mr. E. T. Seton, of Toronto, It is ob-
servable that the color of the larva exactly corresponds during life
with that of the leaves of the food-plant; and, as these themselves are of
an unusual color, I think it may be regarded as an obvious case of nat-
urally protective coloring.

The total length of the larva is nearly three inches. The head is
yellow, with a few black spots; there are also four black spots on the first
segment of the body. The first three segments bear yellow clasping legs;
the next segment none; the next four bore slightly hairy legs ofa light
yellowish color; the next segment none; and the last segment a pair of
yellow legs. The body bore many protuberances of different kinds,
covered with small black spikes. A row of spines down each side of the
back. These rows were about one-fourth of an inch apart. Along each
side of the body, and separated by the space of about one-fourth of an
inch, ran two more rows of spines, the pair on the tail segment showing
a brighter blue than the rest. Below this row again there were spines
on the first five segments.”

It is interesting to know of this new variety of which we had been
hitherto ignorant; and it is equally interesting to learn that the trinomial
system is so general in America, In Entomology it has been confined
almost exclusively to gall insects, and P. columbia-nokomis is the only
lepidopterous insect so far as we can recollect, burdened with more than
one specific name—synonyms of course excluded.

The North American Chrysidide, by S. Frank Aaron, Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
XII, pp. 209—248, pl. VI to X.

Mr. Aaron describes the new genus Diflorrhos, and a large number

of new species in the other genera of the family; giving synopses of the

fae Or

species of the genera, as well as detailed descriptions. ‘he work seems

a good one, and Mr. Aaron figures the parts relied upon for specific and

generic characters.

Revision of the Californian species of Lithocharis and allied genera. By
Thos. L. Casey. Bulletin No, 5, Calif. Acad. of Sci. January 1886, pp. 40.

Mr. Casey describes 25 new species from California, of which 8 are

referred to the new genus Ca/oderma; 1 to the new genus Oligopierus, 14

to Lithocharis proper, and 2 to the new genus Mefaxyodonta. The name

Trachysectus is proposed for the eastern £. confluens, the genus being

very briefly characterized. An appendix to the main paper contains the

description of the new genus Hesperobium for Cryptobium tumidum Lec. ;

a table of the genera of Paeder? with the 4th joint simple, and the de-

scription of Zhyce marginafa Nn. sp.

On the Cynipidous Galls of Florida with descriptions of new species. By
William H. Ashmead. Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, pp. V toIX. (Monthly Pro-
ceedings) 1886.

Studies on North American Chalcididz with descriptions of new species
from Florida. By William H. Ashmead, l.c., pp. X to XIX. 1886.

In the latter paper Mr. Ashmead describes Chalets flavipes n. sp.; but
as there is already a species of that name by Panzer, the name must fall,
and we propose fal/ipes as a substitute. He also describes Decatoma
flavicollis, which name is pre-occupied by Walker in the same genus; for
this species we propose the name flor:duna. He also speaks of the genus
Euplectus—it should be Luplectrus. The error is a small one and would
not be noticed but for the fact that there isa coleopterous genus Auflectus,
and it is possible to lead to some confusion if the correction be not made.
Second Report on the Injurious and other Insects of the State of New

York. By J. A. Lintner, State Entomologist. Albany. Weed, Parsons & Co,
1885. 89. pp. 265. ff. 68. ,

Prof. Lintner has given us in this report another sample of complete
and careful work. Fortunately there was no new pest that required
special attention, and the report is made up largely of complete histories
of some of the known pests, that for one reason or the other required
attention. The Report is very completely indexed, and there is an
appendix, containing among other matters a list of papers published by
Prof. Lintner during 1882 and 1883. The great majority are in Agri-
cultural papers not usually seen by Entomologists and _ the list is there-
fore a useful one.

—_— —— +
Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. March 2, 1886. — Fifteen members
present, the president in the chair. The Editor for Vol. f, Ent. Am. presented
his report, as follows:

—— ae

Disbursements for Printing and Distributing, - - - $502.04
Cash received from Publications, = : - - #$399%651

Cash from B. Neumoegen, - - - . - - 91.00

Deficit paid by Society, - - - - - - 11.39—$502.04

Mr. Smith was then elected Editor for Vol. II, and Rev. Geo. D. Hulst was
elected Assistant Editor. Mr. C. H. Roberts read a note on Anthawia eyanella and
quercata.* Mr. Smith noted that it was not at all an unusual thing for sexes of
one form to be described as distinet species where the sexual characters were
obscure or unknown. ~ He had in the Apions based one section of the genus up-
on the presence of a femoral tubercle on the anterior legs. It has since been
proven beyond reasonable doubt that this is a sexual character, and the four
species so distinguished are -j'-j' of four other species in the succeeding group.
Mr. Angell exhibited a species of Anthaxia from Florida which seemed undes-
eribed. Mr. Smith noted the fact that-in the genera of Bombyces grouped in Mr.
Grote’s recent list as Aftaci, Ceratocampide and part of those in the Hemileucini
the antennz had two pectinations to each joint, and he proposed to separate this
eroup from the rest of the Bombyces which had only one branch to each joint
under the family term Saturniide. The group is divisible into two sub-families:
Attacine with the branches extending to the tip, and Ceratocampine in which
they end abruptly about one-third from tip. Some of these species have also 10
yeins to the primaries, instead of 12 as is usual.

Mr. Hulst spoke of some of the results of his studies in the Geometride,
stating that there would have to be a considerable change in the arrangement of
species, based on venational characters discovered by him. Mr. Hulst and Mr.
Smith discussed the range of variation in venation, at some length.

Mr. Leng as curator presented to the Society a scheme for the arrangement
of Lepidoptera, particularly looking to a gathering of all the information in re-
gard to the local fauna that was obtainable.

‘Entomological Society of Washington. March 4, 1886. Mr. H. F. Riley,
was elected a member of the Society. Mr. Howard exhibited specimens of a
Chalcid bred from the galls of Cynips q.—saltatoris Eds. The Chalcid is new to
science and has to form a new genus.

Mr. Howard remarked on the fungus connected with the ‘‘Die-back” disease
of the Orangé tree. The fungus has recently been supposed by Botanists to
crow exclusively on the scales of Coccide.

Mr. Smith illustrated the differences in the antenne of some Bombycide,
especially describing the structure of these organs in the Saturniidw; character—
izing the family, as well as the subfamilies Aftacine and Ceratocampine.

Dr. Marx exhibited a careful drawing of Thelyphonus giganteus and spoke
on the structural and physiological characters of this whip-scorpion. Contrary
to the statements of authors, this insect has 12 eyes instead of 8, there being
5 on each side close together, two very small, and two in front. He also states
that 7. excubitor Girard, is the <j' of T. giganteus, and described the differences
between the sexes. In the discussion following this paper Mr. Pergande des-
cribed the habits of Thelyphonus in digging its burrows and catching its prey as
observed in a living specimen kept in a glass jar.

Mr. Schwarz stated that Rhyncolus corticalis Boheman, belongs to the genus
Allomimus and is vlosely allied to but specifically different from, A. dubius Horn.

Mr. Schwarz remarked upon the apparent scarcity of the male in Gnathotri-
chus maleriarius Fitch. He had never seen a male although a great many speci-
mens of this common species were examined.

* Published ante p. 16.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, VOL. Il, MAY 1886, ’ PLATE 1. g

Gee, Movy from Nature.

AMERICANA

VOL. II. BROOKLYN, MAY, 1886. NO. 2

On Hemerobius (Psectra) dipterus @urm. and
H. delicatulus 4. Pitch.

By Dr. H. A. HaceEn.

Prof, Burmeister first described in 1839, Hdb. II, p. 973, No. 1,
the interesting Hemerobius dipterus. The specimen collected near Leip-
zig, Saxony, by Prof. Schwagrichen in the Museum in Halle, is a male
with rudimentary hind wings. A second specimen from the same locality
in Prof. Kunze’s collection had been destroyed. The description of the
venation by Burmeister is detailed. He remarks that this species is re-
lated to Hemerobius, similarly as Mantispa notha to Mantispa. 1 may
remark that the abdomen of 47. dipferus male, in dry well preserved
specimens, has just the same appearance by alternately knotty swellings
as M. no¢ha in Erichson’s figure VI, b.

The first specimen, which I have seen in the Museum at Berlin, in
1849, was collected the summer before by Dr. Erichson in the Botanical
Garden at Halle. Prof. Burmeister who happened to be present in the
Museum, identified this specimen as H. dpferus. It is also a male.
Walker, Catal. of the Neuropt. Ins. in the Brit. Museum, re525 per Lil,
p. 298, has only repeated Burmeister’s diagnosis.

Mr. J. C. Dale had collected a male specimen from a_hazelbush
outside of Breach Wood, near Langport, Somersetshire, June 26, 1843.
The Proc. of the Ent. Soc. London, March 6, 1854, (reprinted Zoologist
Vol. XU, p. 4273) first announced this remarkable discovery, and Mr.
John Curtis has given in the Trans. Ent. Soc., Ser. 2, vol. II], p. 56, a
short description of the species. The same specimen is redescribed by
R. M’Lachlan, 1866, and figured in his Monogr. British Neur. Plani-
pennia. I am not aware of the capture of another specimen in England.

The late Mr. Bremi-Wolf in Ziirich sent to me the Hemerobidxe

==

collected by him in Switzerland for identification in 1852. For
greater surety I submitted them also to Dr. Schneider in Breslau, then
the best authority for this family. There were in Bremi’s collection 19
species (two not sent) and all but three with collection names. The 17
before me belonged to 12 species, all published. In my publication of
Bremi's species, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1865, p. 230, 3 specimens only are
mentioned, the types of which were in my collection. The other 9g are
Hi. nervosus, hirtus, phaleratus, pygmaus, limbatus, humuli, dipterus,
nitidulus, paganus.

For H. diplerus (niger Bremi in my synopsis), represented by a bad
specimen of the female, Bremi remarks: rare near Kaltenbad on the Rigi.

Dr. Schneider remarked; it is undoubtedly Burmeister’s species,
but I can not assure the sexes, as the specimen does not allow me to
recognize them. As after analogy of Boreus and many Lepidoptera the
aborted wings are to be found on the female, this specimen should be a
male. I can not make out now if A. dpferus has been found later in
Switzerland and quoted in local catalogues. At least Bremi’s specimen
was the first known with well developed hind wings.

A few years later I received from the late Mr. Motschulsky a speci-
men with well developed hind wings, mentioned by me among the
Russian Neuroptera, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1858, p. 130 as Micromus dipierus
and by an errorasa male. The genitals could not be studied as the
specimen is glued with the folded wings on mica. ‘The locality is given
Jekatarinoslaf, because a small pink lable with R,m. is on the pin. The
abbreviated locality could be as well Jekatarinburg (on the Asiatic side
of the Ural) but the insects of this locality have in Motschultsky’s col-
lection always the label R.m. or. The specimen is still before me and it
is the second with developed hind wings seen by me.

In 1857 I discovered and named in the collection of the late Dr.
Stein in Berlin, two males and one female in excellent condition, all
collected by him near Berlin. The specimens are now in the Berlin
Museum.

In 1865, Mr. G. Kiinow in KGnigsberg, by beating the grass on a
cemetery behind the observatory, collected, August 22, two males. Both
are in excellent condition and are in my collection. ‘The genitals are
visible; a lancet-shaped horizontal blade and the parts below it make it
sure that these specimens with undeveloped hind wings are males, Only
two years ago Mr. Kiinow collected also the female in the same place,
of which I possess the two wings of one side in a microscopical slide.

In the Hemerobid. synops. synonym., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1866,
p. 376, after the study of 6 males and 3 females which I had the chance
to examine of this rare species I established for it the genus Psecfra,

—23—

Mr. R. M’Lachlan in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1868, in his monograph of
the British Planipennia described the male out of the collection of Mr.
Dale p. 170 and figured it on pl. IX. He has first pointed out the generic
characters. ;

In Ent. M. Mag. 1879, p. 95, M’Lachlan records a short winged
specimen (now in his collection) from Strasbourg, collected by Mr. F.
Reiber. He had seen a specimen from Holland, sent by Mr. H. Albarda,
with developed hind wings, in which the abdominal formation did not
appear to differ from that of the dipterous specimens. Thus, he re-
marks, the following problems remain to be solved: 1, are the dipterous
and complete individuals of opposite sexes, and ifso which are males and
which females? 2, has the same sex occasionally developed hind wings,
although usually dipterous? 3, do the two forms pertain to distinct
species?

In C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1882, No. 17, p. 77, M’Lachlan records
a dipterous specimen in the Museum R. at Bruxelles from Pavia by Mr.
Bertolini. The species was not before known from Italy.

Pastor Wallengren in his Skandinaviens Neuroptera Planipennia,
Kgl. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., T. IX, No. 8,°1871, gives a very full
account of the genus and the species. He could compare 3 specimens,
male and female, and collected by himself in July near Farhuld, N, W.
Scone, and 2 in the Stockholm Museum collected near this city by Prof.
Boheman. ‘The female is here first described. The author could not
make a study of the genitals and accepts the common view that the
dipterous specimens are males. His descriptions are very detailed and
excellent.

Mr. H. Albarda, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. XVII, 1874, Versl. p. 15
to 19, gives a full account of all published on HY. dprerus. He could
study 4 specimens, 3 males and 1 female. Two males collected by Mr.
Six in Driebergen, Holland, (recorded as long ago as 1858 in the same
Tijdschr. Vol. I, Versl. p. 12 and 39) now in the Museum in Leyden;
one collected by Mr. Evarts in Salzbourg, Austria and one collected by
Dr. van Hasset near Utrecht. ‘The two last specimens are now in Mr.
Albarda’s collection. The specimen from Utrecht has well developed
hind wings and agrees perfectly with Mr. Wallengren’s description. Mr.
Albarda believes (1 think his magnified figures are not published) that
two forms exist, and that all four specimens seen by him are females.
The specimen with well developed hind wings has the fore wings longer,
and the transversals placed differently; he could not find in the dipterous
specimens the hooked anal appendages so remarkable for Hemerobius.

This, as far as I know, is all that is published on ZH. dip/erus from
Europe. There are 20 specimens present in collections, of which I have

== oh

seen half; 6 are specimens with developed hind wings, 4 seen by me;
14 are dipterous specimens, 6 seen by me. The 20 specimens are from
14 different localities, and besides those, Dr. Brauer, Neuropteren
Furopas, 1876, p. 29, quotes Irkutzk, Sibiria.

NORTH AMERICAN SPECIMENS.

Dr. Packard in Proc. Boston S.N.H., 1870, t. 13, p. 407, mention-
ed the capture of a dipterous specimen of Psectra dipiera in Brunswick,
Maine, Sept. 16th. When Dr. Packard showed it to me, I recognized
directly my old European acquaintance, though my collection was still
in Europe. Dr. Packard notes that the specimen agrees perfectly well
with Mr. M’Lachlan’s description and perfectly well with his figure,
though the abdomen is blunt and rounded. The type is perhaps de-
stroyed, at least up to the present I can not find it among the insects of
the Salem Academy.

I am responsible for the locality Siberia given by Dr. Packard: it
should have been S. Russia.

The second specimen, collected near Detroit, Michigan, May 25,
1874, by Mr. H. G. Hubbard is dipterous; the abdomen in bad con-
dition,

The third specimen was collected in the Blue Hills, near Boston,
Mass., June 1875, by the late Mr. Morrison. It has well developed hind
wings; abdomen wanting. Both are in my collection.

When I was able last spring to acquire the types ‘of the late Asa
Fitch, I was much surprised to find that his 7. de/icatudus, Report I, 1885,
p. 96, is a specimen of Psectra diptera with well developed hind wings. It
was swept from the grass of Prairies in Illinois, October 1, (A. F.). The
specimen was covered with mould, but could be cleaned so as to be per-
fectly recognizable; the abdomen is in bad condition.

The identification with the European species has been made with
care. ‘There is only one difference. ‘The hind wing of the female from
K6nigsberg has the sector beginning from the first bifurcation blackish
to the margin, as described by Mr, Wallengren; the female from Boston
not, except that the small furcations on the apical margin are brownish.
The type of A. Fitch has the hind wings rolled together with the ab-
domen, but the sector though somewhat darker than in the female from
Boston is not blackish. The female from Russia is in very unlucky
position, but as far as I can see the sector is not blackish. ‘The material
before me does not allow me to go farther. Concerning the genital parts
I can decidedly affirm, that the two dipterous specimens from Ké6nigs-
berg are males. The specimen from Russia shows a differently pointed
end of the abdomen.

Description of Gasteracantha rufospinosa.
By Geo. Marx, M.D.

Although there are
over 170 species of
Gasteracantha at present
known and_ described.
from all parts of the
globe: and several species
are quite common in the
U.S.,° there are only
two males known for the
170 females. One is that
of Gast. parvula, describ-
ed by Thorell, the other
that of Gast Rogersit,
described by Cambridge,
from Africa.

I received through the kindness of Mr. H. G. Hubbard of Crescent
City, Fla., a female in alcohol (fig. d) with the notice to examine the
ventral side and see if the little black spider, closely adhering to it, was
a young one, or the long looked for, male. It was difficult to separate
the two specimens, as the little one had securely fastened itself with the
aid of several strong threads upon the rugose surface of the venter of the
larger one. On examination it proved to be the male (fig, a).

This was interesting per se, but more remarkable is the great differ-
ence in the structure between the two sexes and especially in the cephalo-
thorax.

We need not wonder that in the male all spinous processes of the
abdomen are wanting, for such is also the case in the 4 species of Acro-
soma, indigenous to the U.S; but there is generally a certain similarity
preserved in the structure of both sexes, even if the cepha’x in the is
often larger and its pars cepha. higher.

Now in Gusteracantha the cepha’x of the male is on an entirely
different plan for it is here drawn out into a pointed projection over the
mandibles, the highest point being at the base of the p. ceph. (fig. b),
while in the Q it is at the vertex of the cepha’x—the lateral eyes are re-
moved far behind the posterior middle eyes.

The fact that the male was found fastened to the underside of the Y
suggests that it might perhaps make its abode there for the whole period
of sexual intercourse or even longer, and it would be of great interest, if
the readers who reside in the Southern States would study the habits of
this spider and make known the result.

eee

DES: CRT OLIN.

Male: Cephalothorax long 1 mm,, broad 0,8. Abdomen long 1.5, broad 1.8 mm.

Cepha’x blackish brown, finely granulated, Pars thoracica covered by abdomen;
pars cephalica distinct, semi-globose, drawn out into a beak-like projection over the
mandibles.

Eyes. A.M.E. largest, close to margin of clypeus. Square between the 4 M.E.
longer than broad, narrower between P.M.E.; L.E. contizuous, on the side of cepha’x,
much behind the P.M.E.

Abdomen semi-circular in front, sides straight, sloping toward the apex which is
squarely cut. Near the posterior border is a ridge which runs parallel with it and
which forms a break in the plane abdominal plate. Dark brown. At margin Io
foveee or sigillee, 8 of which are at the semi-circular front and two behind. 4 fovez
in centre of abdominal plate; the 2 anterior ones close together, the posterior farther
separated than from the anterior, No spines. Abdominal plate with a narrow white
margin and larger white spots between foveze; a large white mark between central
foveee. Underside of abdomen black, rugose, conical toward the centrally located
spinerets.

Legs 1 and 2 stout, femur brown, rest of joints testateous with brown bands at
their extremities 3d pair very small, 4th pair long. and slender and colored like 1
and 2.

Palpus short, black, tibial joint with a hook externally, tarsal part broad, spcon-
shaped, fig. c.

Female: Cepha’x long 3.3, broad 3. Abdomen long 5.5, broad 9. Breadth
with the spines 13 mm. Legs I, 8.8, II, 8.6, III, 6, IV, 9.3 mm.

Cepha’« square and broad in front, rising suddenly, descending abruptly to pars
thoracica; a little longer than broad, of a glossy black color rarely brownish, and
scantily covered with thin white hairs. yes small, black; the lateral, contiguous.
Mandibles vertical, stout and very prominently convex at the base, glossy black and
hairy. Mawille short, broader than long, rounded at tip; black with a lighter*margin
on inner side. Labiwm triangular, rounded, very short, black. Sternwm emarginate
at margin, with a vertical spinous elevation between coxz IV; glossy black. Palpi
black with orange colored rings on all joints, Abdomen elliptic, of bright lemon
color. Six spines; four lateral, two posterior. First lateral pair smallest, second as
long as posterior pair. This pair is placed upon a common base which is a little
below posterior margin of abdominal shield. All spines are of a bright scarlet color
with a darker tip and are clothed with a short and robust pubescence, each hair
standing upon a little tubercle. The sigillee or fovece are oval and of a dark reddish
brown color. ‘Ten of these are placed on the anterior margin of the abdomen, reach-
ing around from the base of one anterior lateral spine to the corresponding one at the
other side—and nine are placed from the one posterior lateral spine around the
posterior margin of the abdomen to the other p. lateral spine. In the centre of the
abdominal shield are four sigillae placed in a trapez, narrower in front. The hard
black surface of the underside of the abdomen is interrupted by about six impressed
lines, and is maculate with irregular orange colored spots, scattered over the whole
region. Vulva an oval, convex, very glossy, and deep orange colored tubercle
without any apparent orifice. Legs black, with orange colored rings on tibia, meta-
tarsus and tarsus.

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S.

(Continued from p, 136, vol. 1.)

OBRIINI.

This tribe contains only small species, distinguished by the front
coxee being more prominent than usual, sometimes nearly conical and
frequently contiguous, but completely inclosed behind. Following the
“Classification” the genera are arranged as follows:

Pvesvariable abdomen Ongerormed «< ..4). smenmeeyel dre cies cc crleye ee ore ehels shree
Eyes finely granulate, elytra more or less subulate or abbreviated....... ........ 2
1.—Palpi with last joint broadly triangular... ................0- Poecilobrium.
Palpi slightly dilated, tarsi tumid (or swollen) ...............--... .Eumichthus.

Palpi not dilated, last joint cylindrical;

Eyes coarsely granulate;
Prothorax much narrowed, belind 2... in) ose cle aise = = Phyton.
Prothorax equally narrowed before and behind, tuberculate at sides.......

.Obrium.

Eyes very finely granulated; prothorax with lateral and dorsal tubercles;
Rimeiunes:tinestyinon hairsiSparse.. ca «+ «ene sree sleieiees seis ose le te Hybodera.
Punctures coarse, flying hairs long and numerous;

INTESOSLEMMU MN WIDE 1s Aetna aise «i+ oc. eR aloe «> aie(alose sty sloriey. Callimus.
Mesosternum narrow............. PSB oc cOS CR RAE eee Megobrium.
er Plvira clongate and subulaten. 2...» = +s eetes a+ sears cs ete Callimoxys.
Elytra short, dehiscent and separately rounded at tip................ Molorchus.

° POECILOBRIUM, Horn.

Contains one species described by Dr, Leconte as a Cadlimus. It is
a small highly polished blue species with elytra sparsely punctured and
thighs sometimes yellow. The prosternum is sparsely punctured, the
abdomen nearly smooth.

P. chalybaeum Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 189. Length .24 in. = 6 mm.
Hab.* California.’

EUMICHTRHUS Lec.

A small species from Vancouver, dark brown, finely punctured and
pubescent, with two narrow cinereous elytral bands, between which the
color is darker. It has a resemblance from the arrangement of bands to
C. decussatus. The elytra are marked near the base with a few large
scattered punctures from which proceed long black flying hairs. The
first two joints of tarsi are swollen.

* T am indebted to Mr. Samuel Henshaw of Boston for his kind assistance in re-
vising the lists of habitats which would have been far less complete without his aid.

—28— ?

E. oedipus Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 190, Length .20 inch. =5 mm. Hab,
Vancouver's Island.
PHYTON, Newn.

Contains two small shining testaceous species with elytra unusually
prettily marked with darker lines. The prothorax is constricted before
and behind, considerably dilated at sides before the middle and strongly
narrowed behind.

P. pallidum Say. J.A.P., III, 1823, p. 412; Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, p.
42; Lec. J.A.P., sec. 2, II, p. 22; lepidum Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 358; linum Newn.,
Ent., p. 18; nitidwm Knoch in litt. Length .21 in. = 5mm. Hab. Atlantic and
Gulf States, Ark. ;

In this species the thorax bears three fuscous lines and each elytron
four fuscous lines becoming paler at the suture where the Be form

anclesa( Vol. PIT, fig. 152i)

P. discoideum Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 190. Length .24 in. = 6mm.
Hab, Cape San Lucas.

The thorax is without markings and the elytra bear a large fuscous
cloud enclosing a round pale spot common to both elytra.

OBRIUM, Serv.
Contains two species resembling the preceding but differing as
stated in tableabove. The elytra and general color beneath are rufo-
testaceous and the surface is punctate and sparsely pubescent.

Head and thorax piceous, coarsely and closely punctate, elytra pale reddish brown,

VEKyaCIStamibymOUMCtate se... .\: . ..c SeewnMene ern ence aioe forearetteierne ieee Se ee rubidum.
Body uniformly rufo-testaceous, thorax not closely punctate, elytra more closely
punctate; ( Viol MggeIS UM fie. 16)).)celete ember iclerels hh lever eee ee aero rubrum.

QO} rubidumy Wee; JASP., sec. 2; iy 1850; p. 22) kength= 336m. s— ona
Iiab. Penn., Atlantic States.

O. rubrum Newn. Ent. Mo. Mag., V, 1838, p. 393. Length .25 in. = 6 mm.
Hab. N.Y., Miss., Ohio, Pa., Atlantic States, Canada West.
HYBODERA Lec.

Contains two species of moderate size, distinguished from the suc-
ceeding by the finer punctures. The thighs are strongly clubbed; the
antennz slender with scape as long as 2d & 3d jointsand joints 3-5 gradu-
ally increasing in length. The prothorax is strongly constricted in front,
less behind, and the base is as wide as apex; the sides are obtusely angu-
lated and the disk bears four tubercles arranged in a square. They may
be known as follows:

Larger species, thoracic tubercles very prominent............... .... tuberculata.
Sinallensihoractetiberclesiteebly Geveloped meme rer: elie ety nea lerte sete debilis.

H. tuberculata Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 191. Length .36 in. = 9 mm. Hab.

Oregon, Vane. (Vol. I,.Pl. III, f 17.)

—29—

Color piceous, the elytra with a vague cinereous blotch at base and
a broad band behind the middle, seen perfectly in well preserved speci-
mens only. (Pl. Il, Vol. I, fig. 17.)

H. debilis Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, p. 66. Length .24in. = 6mm.

Hab. California.
The color is again piceous and the markings consist of an oblique

silvery patch at base and a transverse band behind the middle. This
may be only a poorly developed /ulerculata but the absence of large
series prevents the synonymy being perfectly established.

CALLIMUS Muls.

* Contains two species resembling the European genus Car/allum in
form but having the :ast joint of the palpi cylindrical and the meso—
sternum very wide and truncate. The hind tibiz are somewhat curved.
The species were described by Dr. Leconte under the generic name
Pilema but do not differ from Ca/hmus and are therefore referred to that
genus,

C. ruficolle Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 192. Length .32 to .36 in. = 8 tog mm.
Hab. California.

Opaque black; thorax shining red, punctured, tuberculate and
carinate, basal margin black; elytra flat, punctured and with the sutural
angle prominent.

C. cyanipenne Lec. l.c. p. 192. Length .28 to .30in. =7to8 mm. Hab.
California. :

Flavo-ferruginous; thorax, 9 red, © black; head, antennz, apex
of femora, tibiae and tarsi black; elytra blue, flat and punctured.

MEGOBRIUM Lec.

M. Edwardsii Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 193. Length .50 in. = 12.5 mm.
Hab. California. ‘

A species larger than the preceding but resembling them in form.
Palpi oval, mesosternum narrow, prothorax longer, lateral tubercle much
larger and obtuse. Color testaceous. Elytral punctures few, arranged
in three lines extending from base to a little behind the middle witha
few scattered outside of these lines. The elytra bear an angulated pale
band in front of the middle and a few nebulosities behind. (PI. III,
Vol. I, fig. 18.)

CALLIMOXYS Kraatz.

Contains two species readily distinguished from others of the group
by the subulate elytra, The thorax of g' is more or less red in both
species, The color is black except the hind legs which are yellow, the
club of the femora only being black. The elytra are somewhat variable,
generally brownish with darker margin, and punctured, The species are

Entomologica Americana, Vol. II. 5 May 1886.

difficult to separate and Dr. Horn has kindly communicated the follow-

ing table to us:
Aibdomenvalmostiolabrousiwer\e\+ +\s o «(se wtnveriMptcttta stata ols okera) wietatslte sanguinicollis.
Abdomen rather densely clothed with cinereous, slightly yellow pubescence.........
fuscipennis.
C, sanguinicollis Oliv. Ent. IV, 74, p. 9, t. 1, fig. 7; Chev. Ann. Fr., 1862,
p. 257 (Pl. II, fig. 19). Length.4oin. =10mm, Hab. U.S, east of Rocky Mts.
C. fuscipennis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil., 1861, p. 356. Length .40 in. = 10 mm.
Hab, California.
MOLORCHUS Fab.

Contains two species with very short elytra, dehiscent and separately
rounded at tip. ‘The color is blackish except the elytra which are more
or less testaceous. The variability in their coloration has given rise to a
considerable synonymy.

SYNOPSIS.
Prothorax narrower, angulated at sides; elytra testaceous... ......... longicollis.
Prothorax broader, rounded at sides; elytra more or less blackish at tip and margin...

bimaculatus.

M. longicollis Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 193. Length .32 in. = 8 mm. Hab.
California,

M. bimaculatus Say, J.A.P., Ill, 1823, p. 428; Newn. Ent., p. 20; affinis
Weer Ann) yell, ps 172, t- 11, £f. 12; obseurns ecw Ab.) Sera2, sell pencte
Length .20 to .32 in. =5to8mm. Hab. U.S., except Pacific Slope.

M, cornt Hald:, Trans. Am. Philt, XX, 1847, p. 45s. Lec, | Arp aiser:
2, II, p. 21, is a variety with the thorax rufous, found in North Carolina
and Alabama upon the flowers of Cornus.

i. semiusius Newn. Ent: p. 19; Lec. }.A P., ser: 2, Il, p. 38) isa
variety of AL, dimaculatus with the greater portion of the surface rufo-
testaceous (PI. III, Vol. J, fig. 20). It occurs at St. John’s Bluff, E. Fla.

RHOPALOPHORINI.
RHOPALOPHORA Serv.

This, the only genus of the tribe, contains three species, all slender
blackish gray insects with prothorax more or less red. ‘The head is
elongate, eyes finely granulate, antennz slender with 4th joint shorter
than 3d and sth. ‘Thorax variable in form and sculpture. Elytra
punctate, flat, suddenly declivous at base. Legs very long and slender,
thighs suddenly and strongly clubbed at tip, 1st joint of hind tarsi twice
as long as 2d.

SYNOPSIS OF RHOPALOPHORA.

USF D EIN NUT eA Cele Oot MMMM nics oon bb Ac tcddodnodoa sags? lzevicollis.
‘Thorax punctured.
Thorax broader, ‘strongly bi-impressedijpieteiae epic er ee nersieentete ees longipes.

Thorax narrower, transversely plicate and rugose................--s. rugicollis.

—2[—

R. levicollis Lec. 5.M.C., No. 264, p. 193. Length .48 in. = 12 mm. Hab.
‘Texas and New Mex.

Larger than any other species in our fauna and easily known by
the impunctured thorax, which is distinctly constricted on the side
at base.

R. longipes Say, J.A.P., III, 1823, p. 426; Lec. J.A.P., ser. 2, II, p. 20;
Proc. Ac, Phil., VII, 1854, p. 218; amabilis Dej. Cat. 3d ed., p. 359; porosa White
Longic, VIII, 2, p. 206. Length .30in. =7.5 mm. Hab. Col., Penn., Kans..
Mo., Neb.

The elytra are sometimes armed at tip.

R. rugicollis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil., 1858, p. 83. Length .38 in. = 9.5 mm.
Hab. Texas.

Distinguished from preceding by the form and sculpture of the
thorax.

ANCYLOCERINI.
ANCYLOCERA Serv.

This, also the only genus of the tribe contains a single species, a
very dainty insect, black with scarlet elytra and abdomen and _ the long
slender legs and clubbed thighs which make the preceding genus con-
spicuous. ‘The body is slender, head short and prothorax very long
compared with the cylindrical elytra. The antenne are serrate, more
noticeably the inner joints, 2 as long as the body in Q, and longer than
same in g\. The hind pair of thighs is armed with a terminal spine.

A. bicolor Oliv. Ent. IV, 1795, 68, p. 32, t. 3, f. 25; Casteln. Hist. Nat. II,
p- 431; rugicollis Fab. Syst. El., II, p. 317; Lacord. Gen. Atl. X, t. 93, f. §; Lec.
J.A.P., ser. 2, I, 1850, p. 19; lividipennis Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, 1847, p. 44.

Length .50 to.7oin. = 12.5 to 18mm. Hab. Southern States from North
Carolina to Texas. (PI. III, fig. 22, Vol. I.)

PARISTEMIINI.

The characters separating this tribe will be found in the arrangement
of tribes, Bull. Br. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 114, or more fully discussed in
the Classification p. 294. Two genera are known as under:

Antenne short, serrate, 11th joint appendiculate.... ............... Elytroleptus.
Antenne longer, slender, t1th joint simple...................00. ...Holopleura.
ELYTROLEPTUS Duges.

Contains five species formerly known under the generic name
Preroplatus. ‘The peculiar form of the elytra shown in the figure (PI. J,
fig. 1) at once distinguishes the genus and the species may be distinguish-
ed by the following

SYNOPSIS OF ELYTROLEPTUS.
Black, elytra black with outer margin broadly fulvous.................. floridanus.
Blache Velie aeGGISIMMMGUOW 603 2 <'c coe > sos sa oie lest es'clea a i-c's rufipennis,

Scarlet, elytra scarlet with apical fourth black...... 0.66.65. 0s eee eee apicalis.
Scarlet, elytra all scarlet... .. 0+. «)<Siiseie apie snles = + <2 shir tein oe ignitus.
Ferruginous, posterior half of elytra black .... 1.2.0.0... ee eee eee eee ees divisus.

E. floridanus Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil., 1862, p. 38. Length .37 in. = 9 mm.
Hab, Florida.

E. divisus Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, p. 23. Length .36 in. = 9 mm.
Hab, Texas.

E. rufipennis Lec., lc. Length .44 to .52 in. = 11 to13 mm. Hab. Ariz.,
N. Mex.

E. apicalis Lec., lc. Length .44 to.68in. =11to17mm. Hab, Arizona.

E. ignitus Lec., lc. Length .44 to.52 in. =11to13 mm. Hab. Arizona.

A full description of the last four species will be found in Dr.
Leconte’s posthumus writings, cited above, together with notes by Dr.
Horn. The exact value of these species is somewhat doubtful and it
will require more material to settle the point than is yet accessible.

HOLOPLEURA Lec.

Contains only one species, but that is among the daintiest of the
smaller Longicorns. The color of trunk, antennz, and legs is black;
thorax and elytra reddish, sometimes very bright scarlet and always more
or less ornamented with blackish spots and vittee, more distinct in the
male (Pl. I, fig. 2).

H. marginata Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 194; Helena Q Lec., l.c.
Length .32 to .36in. =8togmm. Hab. California. y

ROSALIA Serv.

R. funebris Mots. Bull. Mosc., 1845, I, p. 87, t. 2, f.8; Lec. Ent. Rept.,
1857, p. 61, t. 2, f. 11; alpina Lec. J.A.P., ser. 2, II, 1852, p. 177. Length 1 to
1.5 in, =25to4omm. Hab. Pacific Coast to Sitka,

The remarkable black-white coloration of this insect distinguishes it
very easily. It is the only representative of the tribe Rosaliini (Pl. I

fig 3).

’

EVANDA Thoms.

E. xanthomelas Guer. included in Austin’s Supplement to Crotch’s
Check List has not been found within our faunal limits and is to be
dropped therefore from our lists.

(To be continued, )*

TO OUR: READERS:

In accordance with our custom, the first two numbers are sent to
all our old subscribers. No. 3 and the future numbers will be sent only
to those who send in their subscriptions to this volume.

* The plate to this paper will be given with the next number.

-_

A generic Synopsis of the Hymenopterous Family
Chalcididae.

By L. O. Howarp
(Continued from page 219 of Vol. I.)

Subfamily PTEROMALINAE.
SYNOPSIS OF TRIBES.
Posterior tibize 2-spurred.
Parapsides of mesoscutum discernible, or indicated anteriorly.
Abdomen with a more or less distinct petiole, usually long; parapsides discernible

anteriorly: OF COMpIEle + i .)4q5..... + «sees « Tribe Mischogastrides.
Abdomen almost sessile; parapsides complete............ Tribe Cleonymides.
Parapsides of mesoscutum not at all discernible........... Tribe Colotrechnides,
Posterior tibize 1-spurred.*
PATILE One mOraenlanr eds ye e\stays/s\s cisi-ia, 2 Sea eerste store. Tribe Chiropachides.

Anterior femora not enlarged.

Head very large, broad, excavated in front, with two acute tubercles on each
SID Gres eye cic eis aera epee -

S660 ss 0d chOuOoE Tribe Caratomides.
Head not especially large.
Clypeus in the middle at apex acutely 2-dentate; marginal vein of fore wings
oitenuthickened assassins: jus dostale’ ogee eaetetehs forece oie Tribe Sphegigastrides.
Clypeus not 2-dentate. Marginal vein not at all or very slightly thickened.
Wings with a long marginal vein, short stigmal and almost no club
Tribe Diparides.
MOGOUIBOS so550s0dpde Tribe Pteromalides.
Tribe MISCHOGASTRIDES.
Mesoscutar parapsides plainly discernible.
Collar not separated.
Dorsum convex; parapsides convex.
Petiole short, or moderately so; left mandible 3-dentate.
Petiole rugose or smooth; ,j' trophi normal

Club always quite pronounced

Genus Lamprotatus Wesiwood.
Petiole punctate, sub-depressed; wings with a very large club.

Dorsum sericeus-punctate; <j‘ trophi normal

*Genus Gitognathus Thomson.
Dorsum squamous-punctate; <j’ trophi normal......................

*Genus Stictomischus Thomson.
Petiole very short; both mandibles 3-dentate; club small

*Genus Seladerma Walker.

OC ar ee eS

Dorsum of mesonotum much flatter; parapsidal sutures not deep, posteriorly
delicate but complete.

Metathorax rugose; <j‘ antennz sub-clavate .*Genus Megorismus Walker.

* Sometimes 2-spurred in the Chiropachides in which case the fore wings are
transversely banded with brown. (See synopsis of this Tribe.) Also 2-spurred in
the genus Dimachus of the Tribe Pteromalides.

Mhorax: short, "scutellar furrows almost Straight *).. - 2c ss qe eiiiente
*Genus Ormocerus Walker.
Collar separated; parapsides not convex; petiole short......... ....... «+--+.
*Genus Toxeuma Walker.
Mesoscutar parapsides not plainly separated; antennz with a long scape.
Marginal and postmarginal veins long; j' trophi abnormal...................--
*Genus Halticoptera Spinola.
Marginal and submarginal veins not long; <{ trophi normal, ................-5
*Genus Dicyclus Walker.
Tribe CLEONYMIDES.

Eyes hairy; labrum conspicuous; mandibles rather weak; ring joints of the antennze

* large.
DOchy me tall Cueranyay eerste) + <7 o.0r hepeiete tee nee vey aT *Genus Cleonymus Latreille.
Rody scarcely metallic; abdomen sub-rotund; antenne clavate.................-

*Genus Micradelus Walker.
KXyes smooth; labrum hidden; mandibles strong; the left 3- and the right 4-dentate.
Scutellar frenum with transverse impressions; head with rounded, convex cheeks...
*Genus Trigonoderus Westwood.
Not so; head triangular, narrow anteriorly.
ZN OME MESESSILG avert co ove el o1+'= ee eee sade *Genus Platygerrhus Thomson.
Abdomen with a distinct petiole.........:...... *Genus Photismus Thomson.

Tribe COLOTRECHNIDES.

This tribe consists of the single genus *Colotrechnus which is sufli-
ciently described in the Synopsis of Tribes for synoptical purposes.

Tribe CHIROPACHIDES. /
Posterior tibize armed with two spurs; wings banded; marginal vein not thickened.
Anterior femora exciso-dentate; posterior tibial spurs arcuate; wings with two
EHANSVELSE DANS ametaes-...« «+ :<cheeeneenelneiere Genus Chiropachys Westwood.
Anterior femora simple; wings with but one band; stigmal club large, horizontal...
*Genus Acrocormus Foerster.
Posterior tibize with one spur.
Marginal veins of fore wings thickened.
Antennz with the ring-joints large, not transverse; anterior coxze subcylindrical;

Silemalyelubiobsolete:. ... . ....c seen achat *Genus Pandelus Foerster.
Antenne with transverse ring-joints; cyaneous.

Stigmal and postmarginal veins short........... *Genus Metacolus Foerster.

Stigmal vein longer than marginal; Q with antennal club stylate at apex.....

*Genus Raphitelus Walker.
Marginal vein of fore-wings not thickened.
Stigmal club very large; anterior border of pronotum sharp ..................
*Genus Dinotus Foerster.
Stigmal club small or moderately so; anterior margin of pronotum rounded....
Genus Rhopalicus Foerster.
Tribe CARATOMIDES.

Consists of the single genus Carafomus Dalman, a very strange form
which can be readily recognized from the characters given in the tribal
synopsis.

Family SPHEGIGASTRIDES.
Upper wings with a delicate marginal vein, petiole punctate above, longer than
broad.
Petiole longer than the posterior coxze; ¢j' palpi normal,
Head with compressed cheeks; vertex not very narrow.

Parapsides GIscermibleneptenre cs. 0. +s. (emeiiets -*Genus Merismus Walker.
Parapsides not plainly discernible.
Abdominal joints 2 and 3 very large .."Genus Sphegigaster Spinola.

Abdominal joint 2 very large, others short, often retracted................
*Genus Cryptoprymnus Foerster.
Head with rounded cheeks, sub-lenticular, vertex narrow; postpetiole very large:
Collar broads. .)).tjgemree ss 2+ sole Se *Genus Syntomopus Walker.
Petiole not longer than posterior coxz; second segment of abdomen deeply emargi-
nate and third very large; <' palpi abnormal.

Vertex acute in the middle; parapsides not plainly discernible..................
*Genus Cyrtogaster Walker.
Vertex not acute medially; parapsides plainly discernible. ...................
*Genus Polycystus Westwood.

Upper wings with a thick marginal vein; petiole shorter than the posterior cox.
Parapsides plainly separated; stigmal club large.....*Genus Pachycrepis Foerster.
Parapsides not plainly distinguished.............. Genus Pachyneuron Walker.

Tribe DIPARIDES.

Petiole shorter than posterior cox; ,j' antenne not verticillate-pilose..............
*Genus Panstenon Walker.
Petiole linear, longer than coxze; postpetiole very large; <j’ antennz with well separ-

ated joints, sparsely verticillate.. |... Sonera. - - *Genus Dipara Walker.

Tribe PTEROMALIDES.

Rostenion tibie 2-spurred 0.52. 6c. oct 0 ee *Genus Dimachus.
Posterior tibize 1-spurred.
Antennal club subulate ©, or conico-acuminate ¢/; metathorax punctate, no fold
and no spiracular sulcus ....
Antennal club not subulate.
Antenne inserted below the middle of the face; stigmal club scarcely discernible;
vertex not medially acute; cheeks round; abdomen not rotund; left mandible
3-, right 4-dentate; joint 1 of the antennal funicle equal to the others in size,
Marelyeabnuptlyasmaller. :.. .)s).\..< » -/aeeeneielselcts|s = Genus Eutelus Walker.
‘Yerebra exserted; funicle of antenn thick, joint 1 in the © abruptly smaller:
thorax ahove smooth; metathorax very short

AMPS 3. Sane Genus Merisus Walker.

Genus Roptrocerus Ratzeburg.

Joint 1 of the antennal funicle most usually large, very rarely abruptly smaller
than the others; posterior coxze not pubescent on the hind margin at base:

left mandible usually 3-dentate, dentations broad at base

*Genus Aetroxys Westwood.

Anterior margin of the collar sharp, acutely reflected; mandibles acutely 4-
dentate..... O00 (OREO ce S COGaae *Genus Isocyrtus Walker.
I1ead with the vertex sometimes medially acute; eyes occasionally hairy; mandi-
bles usually 4-dentate; antennz often inserted below the middle of the face;
ring joint plainly discernible; metathorax usually punctulate and furnished

La
296

with a carina; abdomen often rotund, never produced at apex with Q......
Genus Pteromalus Swederus.
Mandibles with three acute strong teeth; collar narrow, scarcely discernible... . .
Genus Metopon Walker.

Genus DIMACHUS.

Collar not separated; funicle filiform, joint 1 large.
Marginal vein thickened, stigmal nearly same length or a little longer; body short...
Subgenus Czenocrepis.
Marginal vein delicate, longer than stigmal.
Abdomen with a basal yellow band..............+...-- Subgenus Dimachus.
Abdomenhwithimoyband!:-3.. 2: . Selaemmantatete cvcleteneterct pele Subgenus Hemitrichus.
Collar separated.
First funicle joint short.

Antenne shonte clavate) i 2.2.3.4 aelbetseieicies hie) =e) rae Subgenus Habritus.
Amitenmneess Onn wai: c.<) <<. + ciat eneneetetenete ces he ensue’ obehs Subgenus Dinarmus.
First funicle joint cylindrical; antennee filiform........... Subgenus Picroscytus.

Genus MERISUS.

First funicle joint short; rim of the metathorax with large punctures; coxe all rufous
Subgenus Bceotomus Foerster.

First funicle joint as long as the following.
Abdomen subcylindrical, joint 3 short............... Subgenus Merisus Walker.
Abdomen subovate, dorsum often flattened.....Subgenus Homoporus Thomson.

Genus EUTELUS.

Marginal vein one and a half times as long as the stigmal; metathorax with distinct
lateral folds; club of (¥' antennz blackish.
Head with narrow vertex; Q ocelli placed in a very slightly curved line; thorax
Vir adel ae D ae SR MRRPE cco Gay i Subgenus Eutelus Walker.
Head with broad vertex; clypeus incised or truncate at apex; ocelli large; placed
in a triangle; thorax long; margin of collar sharp; abdomen elongate,
OBIS. Com Sou) SOBOBREEND ooo S405 a6 Subgenus Platytermus Thomson.
Marginal vein not at all or bnt slightly longer than stigmal; metathorax with no
lateral folds; first funicle joint very small; vertex and collar narrow.

Antenne inserted a little below the middle of the face..........................
Subgenus Amblymerus Thomson.
Antenne inserted slightly above the clypeus; metathorax very short.......... ...

Subgenus Psilonotus Thomson.

Genus ROPTROCERUS.
Antenne inserted almost in the middle of the face which is impressed with large
PINCHES. o Condo mdU Cm OMUOOEEtO Dood dnr Subgenus Roptrocerus Ratzeburg.
Antennze inserted scarcely above the clypeus.........5ubgenus Anogmus Foerster.

Genus AATROXYS.
Clypeus armed apically in the middle with a tooth; thorax long, collar acutely
margined and dilated laterally; metathorax with short folds or none at all.......
Subgenus Stenomalus Thomson.
Clypeus with no apical tooth, but with a sinuate or truncate apex,
Wings with a large stigmal club; head with the cheeks often rounded; collar
separated, acute and not narrow medially.

Fao hae

Metathorax short; clypeus incised in the middle at apex; mesothoracic episterna

eH COMGEREE ale sn ns oe ees eae Subgenus Cecidostiba Thomson.
Metathorax not short, often with a fold and often also with a slight transverse

carina; head and thorax usually rigido-pubescent ....................4...
Subgenus Coenacis Foerster.

Wings with a small or medium-sized stigmal club; head often triangular and with
prominent eyes; collar often not at all or slightly separated.
Head triangular, narrowed towards mouth, face not rigido-pubescent; eyes
large, convex, round; preesternum large; mesosternal groove distinct; the
round spiracles remote from postscutellum.

Collar acute.
Vertex acute in the middle............ .., Subgenus ZEtroxys Westwood.

Vertex not acute in the middle.
Birstiumicle jomibismallls).)5.) 32. eee Subgenus Cricellius Thomson.
Birstfuniclesjomtilarces: 4.) : \.«eeeen Subgenus Holczeus Thomson.
Collay noPseparatedias s..)nc0s--.- --/ tocar Subgenus Stinoplus Thomson.
Head usually with bulging cheeks; eyes not prominent; sternal groove obsolete;
vertex in the middle not acute; metathoracic spiracles usually large, oval:
collar not at all or slightly acute; first funicle joint longer than pedicel.

Collar broad; -head with bulging cheeks; left mandible 3-dentate............
Subgenus Habrocytus Thomson.

Collar narrow in the middle; head narrowing towards mouth; both mandibles
Subgenus Spintherus Thomson.

Genus ISOCYRTUS.

Eyes hairy; metathorax long, its apical border with large punctures; abdomen wiih
its second segment smooth at base, the third notsmall........................
Subgenus Isocyrtus Walker.
Eyes smooth; second abdominal segment with a dense fringe on sides, not large;
third small.
Vertex broad; head short, thick, eyes round and prominent; funicle of the <j
antennce alternately white. .........0. . sapere Subgenus Polycelis Thomson.
Vertex not broad, eyes sub-ovate .... .... Subgenus Trichomalus Thomson.

Genus PTEROMALUS.

Eyes hairy; antennze incrassate; vertex sharp in the middle.
Wings maculate; 9 abdomen short, ovate; tibize with rigid bristles..............
Subgenus Halizous Thomson.
Wings immaculate; abdomen rotund.........Subgenus Trichoglenus Thomson.

Eyes smooth.
BiTSHMclomOMaeSMAA oa vs. 2 sot

First fnnicle joint large.
Metathorax with a large sub-globose neck; flagellum of antennz filiform; ©Q ab-

domen ovate-acute; postmarginal vein longer than stigmal.
Wings entirely pubescent; head with concave cheeks; neck of metathorax
STAG ODEUMEE EST eretcliic'ats'o. o> 6 3. «ava aaa Subgenus Catolaceus Thomson.

Wings with a large clear spot; neck of metathorax punctate.................
Subgenus Pteromalus Swederus.

Metathorax usually with a very small neck; postmarginal vein often shorter than
stigmal, very rarely longer; Q abdomen usually rotund.

. Subgenus Meraporus Walker.

Entomologica Americana, Vol. II. 6 May 1886.

ae

Postmarginal longer than stigmal; neck of metathorax short; abdomen oval-
RONG avettexs DLOAds. .... ccleaner eee Subgenus Diglochis Thomson.
Postmarginal shorter than stigmal or equal to it.
Abdomen oblong.
Vertex rounded in the middle, Q abdomen ovate, convex below; Q wings
often marked with large smoky discs; club of OQ antenne small,

shorter than pedicel’. serie n Subgenus Arthrolytus Thomson.
Vertex acute in the middle...........-.. Subgenus Dibrachys Thomson.
Abdomen rotund; cheeks compressed, acute; wings hyaline, postmarginal
Shortemthanstiomal.... .- eee Subgenus Ceelopisthus Thomson.

Genus METOPON.

© antenne strongly incrassate, sub-clavate; f\ antenne verticillate-pilose..........
Subgenus Metopon Walker.

© antenne with the flagellum of equal width throughout, ¢/' antennz pubescent or
densely clothed with short hairs; Q abdomen rotund..... ..............

Subgenus Dirhicnus Thomson.
(To be continued.)

SS CS ee
Notes on Thelyphonus Zasr.

By Gro. Marx, M.D.

There isa group among the Av/hrogastra, to which Latreille has
given the name Pedipal/pz. ‘This term can be interpreted in two ways,
either, the palpi are like legs, or the legs are like palpi. ‘‘Padpi brachia

emulanies’, says Latr., ‘‘the palpi resemble arms”. Ifhe had intended .

to introduce this idea into the name, he should have called the group
Brachiopalpi. But he was correct in naming it Pedipalpz, for the anterior
pair of legs are here functionally no motor organs; but their strucrure
and insertion prove that they are the, here retained, 2nd maxillary or
labial palpi of the insects, which are transformed in all other Arachnida
into leg-like structures with motor functions, giving thus the whole class
the characteristic 8 legs, and which are here exceptionally preserved in
their original form.

While the insertion of the 8 legs in all Avachnides is on one plane,
either in close apposition or radiating from the sternum, we find in
the Pedipalpi at their sternal surface only 6 cox surrounding the sternal
plate and the insertion of the first pair is at the pleural side and in the
upper outer border of the maxillx.

The difference in the structure between the anterior and the other 6
legs is remarkable. The former are not half as thick, but at least twice
as long as the latter. ‘The tibia represents in the other six legs one joint
(in Phrynus sometimes two and three) while it has in the front pair—at
least in some—27 to 37 joints, and the tarsus 8, 65, or even as many as
85, when it has in the other 3 pair only 3 joints,

b]

pce

Latreille divided the Pedtpa/pi into 2 genera: Phrynus and Thelyphon-
us. Since then numerous species have been collected and new genera
have been proposed. Koch establishes for the genus Zhelyphonus the
family Urofrichi or Whiptails and Karsch for Phrynus the family Zaran/ula
with the genera PArynichus, Tarantula, Damon and Charon.

Lucas described in his monograph 7 species of Zhelyphonus, amongst
which is 7) giganéeus which is found quite frequently in the Southern
States, where it is much feared by the people who call it Nigger Killer,
- Mule Killer, Grampus, etc. Girard found a new species in the collection
of the Red River Expedition 1852, which he called Zhelyph. excubiior,
and for which he gave no locality. This species seems to be very rare,
for it is mentioned nowhere since in print, nor have I ever -seen more
than one although more than 20 specimens of gzganteus came under
my observation. This one isin my own collection and was received
some time ago from Texas with a number of specimens of the other
species.

In examining this little collection I found the following interesting
facts: 1, that evcuddor is the male of giganteus; 2, that they have not
as stated by all authors hitherto, 8 eyes, but 12; 3, that they are per-
fectly harmless as they possess no poison glands in their mandibles. The
reasons for this assertions are; 1. The structural differences between both
species are exactly such, as are found between the sexes of the scorpions:
viz. in the male the tail and the palpi are longer and the abdomen more
tapering toward the apex. There is no other difference in structure found.
In opening the abdomen of two gzganteus I found them filled with eggs
or remnants of such, which was not the case in examining the abdominal
cavity of excuditor. The external opening of the sexual organs present a
great difference of structure, for while in all gzganteus the vulva appears
as a closed bursa the sexual orrifice in eacudztor is not closed but repres-
ents a slit, divided vertically by a bar with two arch-like prominences. 2.
The fact that 2 eyes on each side have hitherto escaped the notice of natur-
alists, has for its reason, that they are extremely small in comparison with
the three large eyes between which they stand. Beside the two anterior ocelli
which stand in the median line near the clypeus, there is on each side
of the cepha’x and further back than the front eyes, a tubercle upon
which these 5 ocelli are situated: one small one at the tip of the tubercle,
one large one at its external side and one of medium size at the posterior
slope. Between these two latter ones are two very small ocelli, the
anterior of which stands a little higher than the posterior one. These
small ocelli are quite distinct and shine with the same bright amber color
out of the nearly black background of the tubercle. 3. That they have
no poison gland in the mandibles, I can only prove by the absence of

orifice in the terminal mandibular claw, which would occur here as well
as in all other Avachnida which have a poison gland in their mandibles,

But they have another weapon, useful only for defense; for they can
emit a sharp and penetrating odor very much like acetic acid. The in-
habitants of some West India Islands therefore call them ‘“Vinaigrier” or
vinegar maker. Where that odor gland is situated in the body of
Tiielyphonus 1 am unable to say as my studies were confined only to
dried specimens.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. Thelyphonus giganteus Latr. to show the mandibles and
male (Thel. excubitor Girard). maxille,
Fig. 2. Thelyphonus giganteus Latr. Fig. 6. Front from the side.
female. Fig. 7. Abdomen of the male, showing
Fig. 3. Sternal surface of the female. the sexual orifice.
Fig. 4. Lateral eye eminence with the Fig. 8. The mandiblesseparated. @ from
five eyes. the inner side; b. from the outer
Fig. 5. Front showing the mandibles. side.
All the mouthparts are hidden Fig. 9. On organ of special sense, situ-
under a thick pubescence and ated at the tibia of each leg.
these hairs have been removed ~

~~ ——_-—_~=x>- + ~@> os Ce ————s—sS—S

Remarks on North American Scolytids.
By E. A. Scuwarz, Wasuineton, D.C,

Gnathotrichus materiarius. Dr. Packard in his Guide, p. 493,
(see also Bull. 7, U.S. Ent. Comm., p. 174) states that ‘‘a species, prob-
ably the Cryphalus materiarius of Fitch” has been found to bore into
empty wine casks and spoil them for use. This is undoubtedly a con-
fusion of species, as G. materiarius lives exclusively in pine trees. The
species in question was probably Xyleborus fuscaius which, in my ex-
perience, bores in several kinds of deciduous trees.

Gnathotrichus asperulus 1s perhaps not rare; but not easily
recognized. It bears a close resemblance to the smaller and rubbed
specimens of Pityophthorus minuiissimus, from which it differs mainly by
vestiture of the antennal club. I beat two specimens from Pinus inops
near Washington in May. In this tree it will probably be found boring
in the same manner as G. maéertarius.

Pityophthorus. The first group of this genus (Leconte’s group
B), at once recognizable by the fine and dense punctuation of the elytra,
includes a few easily distinguished species, infesting deciduous trees.
The sexual differences seem to be alike in all species. ‘The second group
(Leconte’s group C), divides naturally into two sections: In the first the
elytral declivity is dissimilar in the two sexes. The three species which

— 4I—

comprise this section (.X’. carinulatus, sparsus and plagia/us) are readily
distinguished and live under bark of pine trees. They constitute a series
which is strikingly parallel with that formed by the European Zomuicus
chalcographus, bidens and 4-denta‘us, and since Mr. Eichhoff (Europ,
Borkenkafer, p, 23), states that the first of these occurs also in North
America, he probably refers to our P. sparsus. However, a comparison
of specimens is necessary to establish the identity. The second section
in which the elytral declivity is alike in both sexes comprises numerous
species, mostly living on Conifers, and which are extremely difficult
to distinguish. To one of those with nearly regularly punctate-
striate elytra (probably P. hirticeps) belongs Fitch’s Zomicus minutis-
SIMUS. Ears

Xyloterus bivittatus. Mr. Eichhoff (lc., p. 299) cites this as
a synonym of the European X. /imea‘us Oliv,, and I think that he is
right. His X. wiffiger (l.c., p. 298), described from California, is un-
doubtedly only a color variety of the same species.

Xyleborus pyri. The male still remains unknown, but from
analogy with the European X. dispar I strongly suspect that the species
described by Leconte as odesus will prove to be the male of pyri.

Xyleborus retusicollis. I have seen a female of this rare species
in Mr. Ulke’s collection. It agrees with the male in size and sculpture
of the elytra but has the thorax anteriorly slightly flattened and not ex-
cavated,

Xyleborus xylographus Say. Under this name Dr, Fitch in
his 4th Report, p. 30, describes a Scolytid boring under the bark of
pine. His description is not cited by Zimmermann nor by Leconte,
but his very careful article on the life habits of the species is copied by
Dr. Packard in his Bull. 7, U.S.E. Comm., p. 163. A glance at Fitch’s
description plainly shows that he was mistaken in the identification of
the species and that he had before him what is now known as X. celutus
Eichh. Moreover xylographus belongs to a group of species which do
not live under bark, but enter the solid wood. X. Saxeseniz Ratz. is said
by Eichhoff (l.c., p. 280) to occur in North America a:d this could
only be identical with xylographus. Say’s name however would have
priority.

Xyleborus pubescens. Among a large colony of this beetle
which I found boring into Pizus mops near Washington, I discovered
two specimens of the male. It is only one-third the size of the largest
female, the elytral strize are finer, the tubercles at the declivity smaller,
the thorax much shorter, not longer than wide, anteriorly much more
suddenly rounded and distinctly depressed. The difference in general
appearance between the two sexes is very striking.

Xyleborus punctipennis, In the male the head is covered with
very long but not dense hair and the elytral declivity is less impressed
than in the female. This sexual character is quite exceptional in this
genus and but for the structure of the antennal club this species would
be referred to Pityophthorus.

Dryocoetes septentrionis is synonymous with D, autographus
Ratz. as correctly stated by Eichhoff (l.c., p 262).

Cryphalus rigidus. What Leconte (Rhynchophora of N. Am.,
p. 362) describes as the male I take to be the female. Two specimens
from Detroit, Mich., which I consider as males, have the head deeply
retracted in the thorax so that its sculpture cannot be seen; but the first
antennal joint is fringed with a double row of long pale hairs as in
certain species of ALcracis.

Cryphalus jalappe. Mr. Henshaw in his Check List wrongly
places this in the genus Cocco/rypes. To the latter genus belongs Bosiry-
chus daclyliperda Fabr., which, according to Eichhoff, lives in dates and
Areca nuts and which has been widely distributed with these two articles
of commerce.

Xylocleptes. Mr. Eichhoff (l.c., p. 23) states that X. drspinus
occursin North America, ‘The species is easily recognizable but I have
seen nothing similar in our collections and suspect a confusion of locali-
ties. It bores in the stems of Clematis. X. cucurbite@ lives in the vines
of Wild Gourd, and X. decipiens will no doubt also prove to have similar
habits, as the numerous specimens I collected in Michigan and near
Washington always occured on low plants. I have failed heretofore to
discover the real food plant, X. conc*nnus, on the contrary, is stated by
Mannerheim to Jive under pine bark.

Tomicus sexdentatus according to Eichhoff (l.c., p. 213) occurs
in North America; but the statement is probably based upon a wrong
locality.

Tomicus montanus Eicbh. (l.c., p. 219) from California is syn-
onymous with 7? confusus.

Tomicus mucronatus Lec, of Henshaw’s Check List is apparently
a duplication of Crvphalus mucronatus and should be stricken off.

(To be continued.)

Hwa tee

Notes and News.
We have received from Mr. Scudder a circular announcing the near
completion of his work on the New England Butterflies, and giving a
list of desiderata in the way of early stages for illustrations. The list. is

too long to reprint, but if any.of our readers who may be in the position
to aid Mr. Scudder will write to him, we doubt not that he will receive
the list by return mail. Almost anybody can do something in this way.
and we hope that Mr. Scudder will succeed in securing an abundance
of the desired material.

$$ ry 0 0 a

Book Notices.

New Genera and species of Californian Coleoptera. By Thos. L. Casey,
Lt. Eng’rs. Bull. Cal. Ac. Sci., Vol. I, pp. 283—336, 1 pl. Dec. 15, 1885.

Describes 31 species of Staphylinide, mostly belonging to the Ale-
ocharini, with the new genera Colusa with five species (all new), Ponto-
malota with three species (Phytosus opacus Lec. and two new), Platyusa
with one species, Bryonomus (for Cafius canescens Mann, and C. semr-
nitens Horn) and Vellica (Homatini). Describes also three species of
Actidium (Trichopterygide), Euscaphurus saltator (n. gen. et sp. Dascyl-
lidze) Ccenocara occidens, (Ptinidee), Platycerus californicus ( Lucanidz)
and Polyphylla marginata (Scarabeeidee),

In attacking the Adocharinr, Lt. Casey ventures into an unexplored
field, where he is comparatively safe from making synonyms, because
most of the species {rom the Pacific Coast are undescribed. It is to be
hoped however, that Lt. Casey will not confine his work to mere de-
scriptions; but will take up some of the groups systematically.

The Butterflies of the Eastern United States. For the use of classes in Zoo-
logy and private students. By G. H. French, A.M. Phila. | Lippincott & Co.,
pp. 402, ff. 93.

This is a neat work, in its get up; but rather disappointing in its
contents. It should have been supposed that for the use of students, or
as a text book, there should be some explanation of the basis of classifi-
cation. There is nothing of this. The genera are not described at all
except in the ‘Key’, in which the most superficial characters are used.
The sub-families are but little more fully defined, and the families are in
much the same position. The species are rather fully described, and the
book obtains its value from being a compilation of descriptions of species,
with figures enough to guide the user with considerable certainty to the
insect he desires to name. An intelligent student can probably name
all his species from the Eastern United States, but when through with his
work would have no more idea of classification than could be gathered
from. Harris or Packard. The work isa disappointment. The classifi-
cation, putting the Papzlionde at the head, is perhaps not subject to
criticism in a work of this kind; but some mention of the differences of
opinion on this subject might have been profitably made.

The Sphingide of New England. By C. H. Fernald, A.M., Ofono, February,
1886. Sprague & Son, State Printers. 8°, pp. 85, pl. VI.

A handy little pamphlet giving a very complete account of the New
England Sphinges in a concise, clear and accurate form. ‘The larvee,
where known, are described and the food plants are given. There is a
Synoptic Table covering genera and species. and then the genera and
species are described in detail; the author relying upon his own ob-
servation for the generic characters. It is a very practical little book,
and one that will be of great help to the student that desires not only
to get names for his insects but to the learn something of their structure.
The work isa companion to the ‘Butterflies of Maine” and as in that
work the pronounciation of the specific and generic names is given.

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. April 6th, 1886. — Hight members
present, the President in the chair. Mr. Linell exhibited a living specimen of
Zopherus mexicanus, remarking on the extreme tenacity of life exhibited by the
specimen. He had tried to kill it in a variety of ways, and for the past eight
days it had lived in a strong, freshly prepared cyanide bottle. Mr. Hulst made
some further remarks on methods of obtaining eggs of Geometride, and Mr.
Weeks explained some of his methods for raising larvee which fed on small, low
plants. Mr. Hulst exhibited a portfolio of colored drawings of larve (princi-
pally Bombycidz), and their food plants, made by Miss Emily L. Morton of
Newburgh, N.Y., which were pronounced extremely natural and recognizable at
a glance.

Entomological Society of Washington. April 1, 1886. Mr. Schwarz made
some remarks on the synonymy and biology of various Scolytids. He exhibited
a specimen of the work of Monarthrum mali in Red Oak and explained the nature
of the main gallery made by the parent beetle and that of the branching galleries
apparently made by the larve. He also spoke on the work of a large colony of
Xyleborus pubescens which he found in the solid wood of Piitus.inops and exhib-
ited the hitherto undescribed male of that species. Mr. Smith called attention
to some features in the structure of the Saturniide’ The family as he proposes
to limit it, has the following characters. Two branches to each joint of the an-
tenne in the <j’; no tongue; retracted head; short palpi; plump body; hind legs
short and weak; tibize without spurs; tarsi without spines; no frenulum; veins
not more than 11, usually 10. The Altacine have the antenne pectinated to the
tip in both sexes. Exceptin Telea and Actias the discal cell of both wings is
open. He considers that Samia, Platysamia, Philosamia, and Callosamia are all
congeneric, and explained the differences and agreements between them. In
Hyperchiria io the antenne are as in Alfacus; but simple, or only serrate in the
Q. In the Ceratocampine the pectinations never extend to the tip; the 9 has
the antennz simple, except in Adelocephala bicolor in which they are pectinated
as in the <j‘, except that there is only a single branch to each joint of the an-
tenn. The discal cells are always closed, and the differences in venation of
the species was pointed out.

TONS UCI.
AMERICANA

VOL, Il. BROOKLYN, JUNE, 1886. NO. 8.

Notes on two larvae of the genus Catocala.
By D. S. Kerticortt.

C. obscura. The larva of this species feeds on the leaves of the shag-
bark Hickory, C. a/éa, and in habit agrees very closely with other de-
scribed species of the genus; it is, apparently, a night-feeder, concealing
itself by day at rest under the loosened bark of the tree upon the leaves
of which it feeds at night. July 5, 1883, at Pulaski, N. Y., larvee were
taken from beneath the bark of the hickory, and from these, two imagos
were obtained. Two sizes were thus obtained on that day: one, evidently
soon after its last larval moult, measured 1.6 in., width of head .17 in.,
of eighth and ninth rings .2 in.; the smaller ones were'1.1 in. long, they
moulted July 19, when they were 1.5 in. long and precisely similar to
the larger size when taken July sth.

The head is somewhat flattened, reticulated with coarse, uneven
lines and a heavy black stripe extends along the lateral borders from the
articulation of the mandibles half way to the apex of head lobes, In
this character it closely resembles the larva of C. refecta which likewise
feeds on the hickory, The antennz are long, slender and white.

The color of the skin is dark gray, much darker than in re/ecéa.
The piliferous Spots which are arranged nearly atthe corners of a rectangle
are large and light colored; these are larger than usual in rings five and
twelve, otherwise there are no humps; there are no lateral fringes as in
Ultroniz and Unyuga. The dorsal line is very obscure; there are on
rings five, nine and ten, irregular black crosses; the stigmatal line distinct
and black, The stigmata are of the usual shape, the long axis, how-
ever, leans slightly forwards, rings black, white within. The ventral
surface is pinkish with black spots in the abdominal rings except eight
and nine. The color of smaller specimens yellowish gray. One larva

—A0—

then 2 in. in length spun the usual, light, very loose cocoon among the
leaves July 20th; the imago appeared about August 15, The pupa was
of the usual form and color covered with bloom; it measured 1.1 in.
The anal hooklets unusually long.

C. habilis, The larvz of this species were in company with those of
obscura mentioned above. Different sizes were taken; but slight changes
in color or ornamentation was noted at the moults. This larva is quite
different from any of the genus heretofore identified by me.

An average mature caterpillar measured 2 in. in length; slender,
color dark, in some almost black, skin shining. Along the dorsum
there is a broad stripe lighter than the general hue, on either side a
darker one of equal width; the stigmatal stripes almost black; beneath
pale whitish with black spots on the middle segments. Head reddish
black with faint reticulations in white.

Pupated in the usual cocoon, the first to change July 18 gave a moth
August 18.

A CORRECTION.

In Papilio, Vol. I, p. 141, I described the larval characters of C.
retecta as those of C. flebilis, The mistake was made by comparing my
moth with a rather diffuse specimen of reéectu in the Harvey collection of
moths now in the Buf. Soc. of Nat. Sci. labeled ‘febitis”. As Mr. Grote
had seen this collection I supposed it approved by him and correct. It
was not and I correct my error by saying that what is said in the paper
cited under C. flediis refers to C. relecta.

rrr 1+ EE

Mr. Geo. P. Welles, of Chicago, writes:—Has it ever occurred in
your experience, that certain species were local within extremely narrow
limits? I gathered B/ethisa quadricolus under one stone during eight
or ten successive days, and never anywhere else. Also Omophron robust-
um under one particular chip, and in no other place. I have taken 50
Toxotus Schaumi from a little bush year after year and never one two
feet from there, except the first one I ever caught, which I took from
the mouth of a big Asus which came flying towards me.”

These local occurrences are of extreme interest. Several such have
occured in my experience, notably in Te/raopes can/eriator, for which
I know two small localities on Long Island where I can get them year
after year with absolute certainty; but though there is an abundance of
their food plant all about, they never leave these small patches.

JoBas:

! 7.
Notes upon various species of the Ennominae.
By Geo. D. HUutst. .

Oxydia vesuliata Cr. This species has been taken in Southern
Florida. The specimens differ in no respect from those received from
Brazil. It is the largest Geometer of our fauna, expanding 75 mm.

Urapteryx politiaria Cr. To specimens of this taken in Florida,
Mr. Grote gave the varietal name of foridafa. The Florida specimens
seem to vary very little, and where a stretch of sea or a range of mount-
ains intervenes slight differences may be of even specific value. But
specimens of UY poltiaria from Brazil are taken in numbers, the exact
counterparts of the Florida form.

Ripula virginaria Hulst. One of the most beautiful of Geometers,
and the first of its genus in our country.

Eutrapela transversata Dra; “Eis species is very variable in the
color and shape of its wings. It undoubtedly includes in its reach not
only the many forms given names by Guenee and Walker, but as well
the species Guenee called’ C. tncurvata and C. tetragonaia. The only
individual difference in the latter is the cross striations at the base of the
tail. The cross line is found in every variation.

In all collections that have come under my notice, the ochreous form
is labelled var. gonzafa Guen. According to Dr. Packard. gonzafa is the
fawn colored form, and isa synonym of /ransversata Dru. The variety
name of the yellow form is ¢ransposi/ata Wk.

Specimens from the South are generally less angulated than those
from the North, and are often of the variety zzcurvata Guen., having no
angle on outer margin of fore wings.

Eutrapela clemataria Ab. & Sm. ‘There is considerable variation in
this insect, especially in the female. One form, generally from the South,
is lighter in color, with the apex of fore wings more pointed and very
much extended. This is, I believe, the true £. ckmasaria Ab, & Sm.
The darker form is var. ¢ransducensata W\k. ‘This species also varies
. very much in the amount of undulations on the outer margins, Gener-
ally very prominent, the undulation is sometimes hardly perceptible.

Tetracis truxaliata Guen. Differs much in the size of specimens,
ranging from 30 to 60 mm,

Tetracis cervinaria Pack. ‘This is one species in my opinion with
T. aurantiacaria Pack.. the former being the j, the latter the Q form.
The sexes are much more distinct than is usual in this subfamily. The

_4oa

do was first described, and the name of the species becomes 7! cer-
vinaria Pack.

Tetracis simpliciaria Grt. This is a lighter colored form of 7.
paralleharia Pack., and may be retained as a variety name. For deter-
mination of Z. paralleliaria Pack., see remarks under 7. mellitularia
Hulst, Ento. Am., Vol. I, p. 202. For information concerning Dr.
Packard’s type in the Museum of Comparative Zoology as well as for
other favors, Iam indebted to Dr. H. A. Hagen of Harvard University.

Drepanodes olyzonaria Wik. According to Packard who saw Walker’s
type and knew Grote’s species this is probably the species afterwards
called D. varus by Grt. and Rob. Walker fairly well describes the
species which is very variable and we think ourselves justified in using
his name. The species includes D. sesguzlinearta G. and R., D. a@guosa
G. and R., and D. juniperaria Pack., the first two being perhaps allow-
able as varieties. It is difficult sometimes to separate this species from
D. puberaria G. and R., and D. perizomaria.Hulst.

Sabulodes dositheata Guen. Mr. A. G, Butler in ‘‘Some Notes on
some N.A. Lepidoptera” (Papilio, Vol. I, p. 220), gives from British
Museum types and specimens. a synonomy of this species which we have
been accustomed to know as Zééracis egrofata Guen.

The synonomy is as follows:
Sabulodes dositheata Guen.
a columbiata Guen.
Tetracts egrotata Guen.
Choerodes atropesaria Walk.
- subclararia Walk.
mf punctata Pack. MSS.

This is pretty good for an insect which varies less than is usual,
though the Q is ordinarily larger and lighter colored than the j', and
has the wings more angulated. The insect, (if the genus be a valid
one), is the first of its genus in our fauna.

Caberodes confusaria Hub. I accord this species the palm for vari-
ability. It has been given five different names by Guenee, and two more
by Walker after recognizing Hiibner’s and all of Guenee’s. Its name
was well chosen by Hiibner. I have specimens before me ranging from
32 to 62 mm. in expanse; ranging from bright yellow through light
ochre to dark brown in ground color; ranging from wings evenly round-
ed to wings strongly pointed, falcate and angulate. In variation of bands
and border, color and wing shape it grazes on C. antidiscaria Wlk., and
seems to intergrade with Lutrapela falcata Pack.

1G

LATE

p

Il, JUNE 1886.

VOL.

ICA AMERICANA,

ENTOMOLOG

-
fee eee

cm

=) ah Ki fi
: j ay
7, J
iT
t i att
y ! 4
‘ n | hi ‘0/1 }
Ve rian
Bie ky f i Ad i ree

PLATE Iil.

Il, JUNE 1886.

VOL.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA,

Caberodes antidiscaria WIk. I have one specimen only of this, but
have no doubt it is a good species.

Eugonia vidularia Grt, This is a synonym of TZe/racts grotearia
Pack. It differs in no respect from the ordinary © form, though it is a
trifle lighter in color than the type.

Eugonia magnaria Guen. ‘This species has for some years back
been pretty universally looked upon as being a synonym of a European
species. It ordinarily goes by the name /. a/niaria Linn., but as Mr.
Moschler shows, 4. au/umnaria Wernb. is the species it most resembles,
and of this he believes ita synonym, As yet I hold it to bea valid
species. I have examined several specimens, and find the American
differs structurally from the European. In the venation of the fore wings,
both the European species have a subcostal and two accessory cells. The
American has a subcostal, but no accessory cells. On this ground I
retain Guenee’s name for our species.

Azelina hubnerata Guen. A close contestant with Caderodes con-
Jusaria Hib. in variability, Ido not know how many tropical forms
named by Guenee, Walker and others may be included under this spe-
cies, but in the range of American material it includes A. stygtarta W1k.,
A. honestaria W\k., A. behrensata Pack., A. morrisonaria Hy, Edw. and
perhaps 4. za/issaria Wik. It includes forms with wings angulated and
unangulated, undulating on outer margins and without undulations,
with median space very broad and with lines almost coalescing, with
color varying through black, reddish, brown, and cinereous.

Azelina zalissaria Walk. ‘This seems to be very distinct from A.
Aubnerata, but curiously enough, all the specimens I have seen have been
females.

Azelina arizonaria Hy. Edw. Of this A. aldomacularia Hy. Edw,
is a variety.

Endropia textrinaria Grt. ‘This seems to me to be a good species,
though Mr, Grote, probably unintentionally, left it out of his last Check
List 1882.

Endropia warneraria Harvey. As Mr. Grote has observed, this is
the same as Z£. aficiarta Pack., and is the name of the species, as it anti-
dates the latter. I have seen no specimen in the various collections of
E. pilosaria Pack. From Dr. Packard’s description the only material
difference is in the shape of the hind wings. But in view of the difference
in this respect of the two sexes of 4’. warneraria, I am inclined to believe
‘E. pilosaria is not a distinct species The two species are at any rate very
near to each other.

Endropia homuraria G. and R. Dr. Packard places this as a syno-
nym of &. duaria Guen, But Mr. Grote, (Can, Ent. IX, 89 and Papilio
II, 100), with considerable feeling and logic, protests against this dis-
position of his species. Dr. Packard had Mr. Grote’s type, and _ his
opinion, with such opportunity of comparison, ought to be final. Certain
it is ifit be not Z. duaria, it is L. hypochraria H. Sch. The description
seems to be of the reddish form of the latter. But Dr. Packard's opinion
will have to govern us till we have more light. What has become of Mr.
Grote’s type I do not know. It is not in the Central Park Collection
where Mr. Grote thought it might be. 2. duarza Guen. differs very much
in appearance, the wings being rectangular and very rounded in some
male specimens, and very pointed, falcate and angulated in some females.

Endropia amenaria Guen, &£. arefacfaria G. and R. is a synonym
of this species. If one take Mr. Grote’s description of his species,
and compare it with a specimen of £. amenaria he will not doubt their
identity. Dr. Packard had Mr. Grote’s type, and his description and
figure in his Geometrid Moths are from this type specimen. I speak of
this as Mr. Grote has in later years claimed that his species and that of
Guenee were not identical, although he admits his may be a variety. In
looking over Mr. Neumcegen’s collection, which in 1882 Mr. Grote
studied, I find several specimens with label ‘‘2xdropia arefaciaria Gr.”
in Mr. Grote’s handwriting. It may be Mr. Grote has identified this
same form in other collections as his species. But this isnot Z. amanaria
at all, but a slight variation from the type form of £. madusaria WIk.,
not sufficiently distinct however to deserve a varietal name

Endropia helveolaria Hulst. In Mr. Neumcegen’s collection I find
2 jd and 1Q of this species, each with label in Mr, Grote’s handwriting
‘“‘Lychnosea aulularia Gr. Type.” I cannot find the published descrip-
tion of either the genus or the species. The specific name, if it were
published at the time of Mr. Grote’s study of Mr. Neumcegen’s collec-
tion (1882) would be a synonym. What the fate of the genus would be
I cannot say, for the insect is likely not an Ludropia.

Ellopia fervidaria Hiibn. Dr. Packard includes under this species
Ly. fiscellaria Guen,, £’. flagifaria Guen., and as well the form called by
me £, sommiaria, I have before me of what'I esteem the true £. /ervid-
aria 39 specimens, of LZ. fiscellarta 30, of £. sommaria 9. EE. flagitaria
will not stand as a distinct species, but the other three seem to me not to
intergrade, and to be good species. In Z. fiscellaria Guen., there is very
great variation in the width of the cross lines. In one specimen from

Mr. Hill of Albany, N. Y., they coalesce, and in one possessed by Mr.
Bruce of Brockport, N. Y. they coalesce and are broken at the middle of
the wing, thus forming a loop on costa and inner edge.

Ellopia endropiaria G. and R. It is very probable that this is a
synonym of £. pulfaria Guen. The angulation of the wings which
Guenee speaks of, and which leads Dr. Packard to think Guenee’s species
is not the same, is a matter of no specific importance. I have some spe-
cimens with angulated, and others with rounded wings. The angulation
of the wings, which seems to have been given generic, often subfamily
value, is among our Lxnomine, not even specific in value. It is quite
often a sexual mark, the females always having the wings more pointed,
more falcate, and more angulated than the males. Often the same sex
thus differs in the various specimens,

Ellopia pellucidaria G. and R. Dr. Packard places this as a synonym
of £. seminudaria W\k., and had the idea they represented the differing
forms of the sexes. £’, dibularia G. and R., is without doubt a synonym
of £. semimudaria W\k. But with 13 specimens of £. ped/ucidaria G. and
R., before me, and more of £. seminudaria Wik., I am of the opinion
not only that E. pellucidaria G. and R. is a good species, but one of the
most distinct of the genus. I have moreover both males and females of
both species, so Dr. Packard’s idea that they represent the sexes only, is
unfounded.

Metrocampa margaritata var. perlata Guen. While it is recognized
that the American insect is not specifically distinct from the European,
yet I see no reason why it should be called a synonym only. It certainly
has differences which have been noted by various authors. These differ-
ences are very constant. The American insect is a good variety.

Leucula lacteolaria Hulst. This is a species of another genus new
to our fauna. It makes its appearance in Arizona, not in Florida, which
very curiously in the Lepidoptera has closer affinities with the tropics,
than any other portion of our country.

Antepione imitata Hy. Edw. This is without doubt as Mr. Edwards
suggests, a variety of A. su/phurata Pack. I have not seen the type, but
have intergrading specimens, ae

Rumia baltearia Hulst. This is, in my opinion, a variety only of
XR. ochrearia Pack. Its appearance is however very different, as the
outer part of the median space forms a broad dark brown band.

Numeria occiduaria Walk. This species is generally if not universally
known in collections as N. pu/veraria Linn., and the most of Lepidopt-
erists have judged them to be identical. In the imago state they can
hardly be thought otherwise. But there seems to be a very marked
difference in the larve. Dr. Packard gives a description of the larve of

=
both the European and American species, but does not seem to notice
how different they are. That the larve are entirely unlike each other is
confirmed to me by Mr. Bruce of Brockport, N. Y., who has raised many
specimens of the European species in England, and of ours here. I think
as long as the matter stands this way, it is only fair to regard the Ameri-
can as a good species.

Nematocampa limbaria Haw. This is the insect afterwards named
NV. filimentaria by Guenee. But the insect was undoubtedly the one de-
scribed by Haworth. As such it is figured in Wood’s Index Entomo-
logicus, as it was regarded as a European as well as an American species.
Both Guenee and Packard seemed to have a suspicion that Haworth’s
name was the correct one for the insect. Mr. Grote’s JV. expunc/aria is
a variety of this species, I have never met with the type form, but I have
seen examples of WV. dmbaria corresponding in both the front and hind
wings, but never in the same specimen,

Eurymene serinaria H. Sch. Dr. Packard thought this to be the
same as Z. rosaria Grt. He does not seem to have known £. floscularia
Grt. Herrich-Scheeffer’s figure, though undescribed, is very excellent,
and is not Z. rosaria but EL. floscularia. EE. rosaria seems to me to bé
a good species, though it differs from £. floscudaria only in a general
softening of the colors, a very unreliable basis for specific distinction.
But with the few specimens of each I have, the two do not seem to inter-
grade.

Hyperetis amicaria H. Sch, This name, as has been remarked by
Mr. Grote, antedates the name Z, myssaria of Guenee. ‘The latter as
being the name of the form dark reddish brown on the outer third is a
good variety.

The determinations given in the foregoing notes are without personal
knowledge of the types of either Guenee or Walker. Dr. Packard, as
well as Mr. Grote, have examined and commented upon those types,
and in the majority of cases identified them.

Mr, A.G. Butler has also published some notes upon the British
Museum types. Very few of the species in the Lnomine of Guenee and
Walker remain to be identified. A hasty count gives 6 to Guenee, 9g to
Walker. But these will not disturb the synonomy much, if these authors
keep up their average of synonyms. Upon another hasty count of identi-
fied species I find Guenee named 36, and Walker 44. Of those of
Guenee 26 are synonyms, 10 are good. Of Walker’s 38 are synonyms,
6 are good. It is however only fair to say that some which are not good
species are good varieties. But with the few species undetermined,
there stands very little possibility of much disturbance of the synonomy.

itt + i

FOOD-PLANTS:-OF LEPIDOPTERA.

GNio:, 3:

Eacles Imperialis, Dru.)

By Wn. BrEuTENMULLER.

Tiliazcez,
Tilia Americana, L. (Basswood.)

“ Europea, (European Linden.)
** alba, Michx. (White Linden. )

Anacardiacee.
Khus glabra, L. (Smooth Sumac.)

Sapindacee.

Esculus hippocastania, L. (Com. Horse-
chestnut. )

(Sugar
Maple. )

dasycarpum, Chr. (White or
Silver Maple. )

(Red or Swamp
Maple. )

Acer saccharinum, Wang.

rubrum, L.

** pseudoplatanus, L.
Negundo aceroides, Moench. (Box
Elder. )
KGlreuteria paniculata, Laxm. (The
panicle-flowered Kolreuteria. )

Leguminose.
Gleditchia triacanthos, L. (Honey
Locust. )
Rosacee.

Prunus Virginiana, L. (Choke Cherry. )
serotina, Ehr. (Wild Black
Cherry.)
Hamamelacee,
{Liquidambar styraciflua, L. (Sweet

Gum.)
Lauracee.

Sassafras officinale, Nees. (Sassafras. )
Lindera Benzoin, Meisn. (Spice-bush. )
Urticacee.

Ulmus fulva, Michx. (Slippery or Red

Elm.)
** Americana, L. (American or
White Elm.
(Whahoo or
Winged Elm.)
campestris, L, (English Field
Elm.)
suberosa, Moench, (Cork-
barked Elm.)

‘¢ alata, Michx.

Kntomologica Americana, Vol U,

Juniper communis, L.

Platanacee.
Platanus occidentalis, L. (American
Plane or Sycancore. )
(Oriental
Plane.)

ce orientalis, L.

Cupulifere.

(uercus alba, L. (White Oak.)
** — macrocarpa, Michx. (Bur Oak)
«* coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak. )

See rubra, (ed Oak):
** palustris, Du Roi. (Swamp or
Pin Oak.)
* Cerris vulgaris. (Turkey Oak.)

Castania vesea, L. (Chestnut.)
«© pumila, Michx. (Chinquapin. )
Fagus ferruginea, Ait. (Amer. Beech. )
** sylvatica, L. (Wood or Common
Beech. )
Ostrya Virginica, Willd. (Hop Horn-
beam or Leverwood. )

Carpinus Americana, Michx. (Horn

beam Blue or Water Beech.)

Betulacee.

Betula alba, L. (White Birch. )
*« var. populifolia, Spach.
Alnus incana, Willd. (Speckled or
Hoary Alder.)
“ serrulata, Ait. (Smooth Alder, )

Conifere.

Pinus strobus, L, (White Pine.)
** excelsa, Wallich. (Bhotan Pine.)
Abies excelsa, Dec. (Norway Spruce
Fu.)
Y “var. pendula.
Larix Americana, Michx. (American or
Black Larch. )
Cupressus thyoides, L. (White Cedar. )
Taxodium distichum, Rich. (Amer.
Bald Cypress.)
(Common
Juniper. )
** Virginiana, L. (Red Cedar.)

8 June 1886,

Remarks on North American Scolytids.
By E. A. Scowarz, Wasuincton, D.C.
(Concluded from p. 42.)

Chramesus Chapuisii.

The two males I have seen are at once distinguished from those of
icorie by the fringe of rather long, sparse and stiff bristles on the anten-
nal scape. In the many males of zcorie which I examined the fringe is
entirely wanting.

Rhopalopleurus pumilus.

This is mentioned in Mr. Henshaw’s Check List; but I do not know
upon whose authority it is claimed as a North American insect. At any
rate it must enter the genus Chramesus with which Rhopalopleurus is
synonymous.

Cnesinus Strigicollis.

The two sexes may be distinguished as follows:

Male: Front shining, flattened between the eyes, anteriorly trans-
versely depressed, the depression clothed with short grayish hair and
with a flattened tubercle on each'side; antennal scape elongate, curved,
sutures of club fringed with long and conspicuous: hairs.

Female: Front subopaque, sharply margined between the eyes,
anterior impression deeper, clothed with very dense reddish-brown hair
and without tubercles, antennal scape shorter, not curved, hairs of club
shorter and very fine.

Bothrosternus,

This genus was introduced into our fauna in the second edition of
the Classification by Drs. Leconte and Horn but the only North Ameri-
can species has not yet been described. Only a few specimens are known
in collections, and as the majority of them happen to be before me, the
description of an isolated species may be excused.

B. Hubbardi n. sp. Oblong-ovate, reddish brown, shining, nearly glabrous
above, antennz and legs reddish. Vertex finely punctulate, front smooth, longitu-
dinally excavated, the excavation with a deeper median line and anteriorly witha
tubercle on each side; beak extremely short, smooth, and with a median tubercle.
An acute ridge runs each side above the insertion of the antennz to the middle of the
eyes and is continued along the inner margin of the eyes by a series of stiff yellowish
bristles which increase in length posteriorly. Thorax convex, a little wider than long,
sides nearly straight from base to middle, thence very much rounded, hind angles
rectangular, anterior angles very obtuse, surface densely strigoso—punctate, without
smooth median line but with the punctures on the disk and middle of base not oblong
and sparser, side margin indicated from base to beyond middle, flanks densely rugo-
sely punctate. Scutellum hardly depressed. Elytra twice longer and at base distinctly
wider than the thorax, punctate-striate, interstices flat, rather sparsely rugosely
punctate, on the disk wider than the strize, narrowing on the declivity and each being
furnished on the posterior half of the elytra with a row of semi-recumbent, short,
yellowish bristles. Underside with sparse, short pubescence, front cox still mor2

Sea

wn

widely separated than in Cnesinus, ante-coxal ridges acute, metasternum rather
coarsely punctate, abdominal segments convex, moderately strongly punctate, Anter-
ior legs very little stouter than the posterior ones; front tibize with an acute tooth at
apical third and with the outer apical angle prolonged into a broad process which is
longer than the first tarsal joint and which terminates in two acute, recurved teeth,

Length 2.5 mm.

Described from six specimens in which I fail to observe any sexual
characters. Three specimens were collected by Mr. H. G. Hubbard, to
whom the species is dedicated, at St. Lucie in Southern Florida on April
26th. From his diary I infer that they were beaten from Hickory trees.
The three other specimens are from the collection of Mr. Henry Ulke and
are also from Florida.

Four South American species of Bothrosternus have been described
which are known to me only from the descriptions, 3. Hubsardi seems
to come nearest to 4-wnca/us Eichh., but differs in the form and _ sculpt-
ure of the thorax. In our own fauna the species cannot well be con-
founded with any other Scolytid.

Hylesinus fraxini.

This is said (Eichh., Europ, Borkenk., p. 136), to occur in Califor-
nia; but I have never seen North American specimens answering the de-
scription of this European species.

Hylesinus trifolii Mueller,

is omitted from Henshaw's List and ought to be inserted after opfaculus.
(see Dr. Riley in Report of the Commissioner of Agricult,, 1878, p.248),
According to Chapuis’s and Eichhoff’s mode of classification “7zfoli’ be-
longs to the second division of ///as/es in which the third tarsal joint is
bilobed and the elytra separately rounded at base. This division is
identical with Leconte’s genus Ay/urgops of his group ylasies, which
is distinguished by him from the typical Ay/urgz by the relative length
of the abdominal segments and the not-depressed scutellum. Both
characters hold true so far as the genus //y/as/es is concerned but are of
little practical value for distinguishing the genus Ay/urgops. Suill, I
think that /2/oli7 ought to be placed in the genus Ay/esinus on account
of the structure of the antennal club. In this genus the first joint of the
club is but little larger than the following, and always pubescent; where-
as in Hylastes and Hylurgops it is nearly as large as the rest of the club
always glabrous. This is the only species in our fauna of the tribe
Aylurgit which is known to infest an horbaccous plant.

Phlceosinus punctatus.

The sexual characters will -help to distinguish this from the other
North American species:

Male: Front excavated. excavation smooth at middle and anteriorly
with a small tubercle. Tubercles on the elytral declivity more prominent.

Female: Front not excavated, but with a narrow median carina not
reaching the vertex. Tubercles on the elytral declivity smaller.

These sexual characters are nearly the same as in the European
P. thuje.

Phlceosinus serratus.

Can this be the male of den/afus? ‘The specific differences given by
Dr. Leconte are about the same as those between the two sexes of the
European Ph. Auber. Both forms, that with alternately elevated elytral
interstices (serra/us) and that with equal interstices (denfatus) have the
same food plant (Juniper), were beaten by Mr. Ulke and myself from
the same trees, and have the same geographical distribution. Still, ab-
solute proof of their identity is wanting, but the question can be easily
settled by anyone who has the opportunity of finding colonies of the
beetle still in their larval galleries. Both forms are widely distributed,
occurring from Maine to Florida and from Dakota to Texas and Arizona,
and I can see no reason why Ph. Haag? Eichh., (Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1868)
should not be synonymous with @/afus, and Ph. graniger Chap, (Syn.
d. Scol., p. 247) with serradus,

Dendroctonus.

I have lately examined, in company with Mr. Ulke, a large series
of specimens in our collections, and we found that our species could be
sharply separated and all difficulties in their determination removed if
D. rufipennis, punctatus and simplex were considered to form a single
species, variable in size and sculpture of head and thorax. The variation
in size between these three forms is not greater than that exhibited in D.
terebrans and the same sculptural differences may also be observed in the
latter species. However, nothing definite can be said before the life-
history of the different forms has been studied.

Crypturgus atomus
seems to be identical with the European C. pusi//us Gylih. (see Eichhoft,
Europ. Borkenk., p. 166).

Hylurgops pinifex
is synonymous with the European A/ylasfes glabratus Zett.

——-- => 0 <>» ie

AE SE EA SP TN ESE

We regret to record the death of Mr. Fredk. W. Klages of Pittsbugh, Pa., who
died of pneumonia on the 27th day of March 1886 in the 27th year of hisage. Mr.
Klages was an enhusiastic collector, and though a mechanic, with little time to spare,
yet gathered a considerable collection. He collected in Kentucky, Florida and Ja-
maica as well as in the vicinity of Pittsburgh.

Entomology can ill afford to lose a young man so enthusiastic as Mr, Klages in
his chosen study. :

On the variation and constancy of the elytral markings
in Chrysomela, Doryphora and allied genera.

By C. H. T. TownseEnp.

] have seen some discussion lately concerning the elytral variations
of Chrysomela scalaris Lec., aroused by Mr. Angell’s interesting notes
on the species in a previous number of this journal. I had not intended
writing anything on this subject until next season, after having had an
opportunity to examine as large a number of specimens as possible dur-
ing the summer, but perhaps a few genera] remarks at the present time
on this and one or two allied genera will not be out of place.

Some interesting notes on a sudden abundance of sca/aris have
lately been contributed by Dr. Hagen (Can. Entom., vol. XVI, p. 120
and 225—-6), and some other important observations by Mr. Caulfield
(Can. Entom., vol. XVI, p. 226—7 and XVII, p. 230). I have never
known this species to be abundant in this locality; nearly every season |
have taken a few specimens, but no more. I shall find out, whether the
species is variable or constant here next season, but allow me to give it °
as my opinion that ifit does not appear in large numbers it will be
variable. Mr, Angell, as above referred to, says of sca/aris: ‘‘Hundreds
collected at Cambridge last summer show scarcely any variation, while
specimens from New Jersey, Cape Cod and principally Canada are de-
cidedly inconstant and variable.” ‘This bears out my observations pre-
cisely, At Cambridge the species had increased in large numbers and
was very constant, while the specimens from other parts of the country,
where they had not increased to any extent but were only normally
abundant, were very inconstant and variable. ‘This is the point which |
wish to bring out. When the species'is over-plentiful it seems to be
constant, but normally presents many variations. Mr. Caulfield’s ob-
servations seem to bear me out likewise; from his notes it appears that
scalaris is abundant at times in the neighborhood of Montreal, and very
constant. Packard states (Bull. U.S. Ent. Com., No. 7, p. 126—7) that
in the Summer of 1881 it was very abundant at Brunswick, Maine, on
the linden, From specimens taken in July and August he has drawn
up descriptions, from which it will readily be seen that the form was ex-
tremely constant, and very near the sca/aris type.

A more familiar case to many of us is Doryphora ro-lineata Say,
which has become a pest from its abundance, and seems to hold its own
as the years roll on. As is well known it shows no variation, but is very
constant; it certainly does not vary here (this strip of the country is in-
cluded in its original line of most direct spread), and no variations have
been noticed to my knowledge in any part of the territory overrun since
it began to increase, Specimens taken by me in Lawrence, Kansas, in

eee

1874 (twelve years ago), show no differences when compared with recent
specimens from this locality, except perhaps that the species has grown
slightly more robust. Yet it undoubtedly varied in its normal state in
the West, before it began to increase and take to the potato. The in—
teresting particulars of its yearly eastward spread since 1859 are given by

Packard in his Report on the Rocky Mountain locust and other injurious
insects of the West (Rep. of Geol. & Geog. Survey for 1875, p. 722-6).
Say gives its original habitat as the Upper Missouri, and mentions a
white variety with two of the lines united, supposed to be juncfa Germ..,
which he took on the Arkansas. This latter form, which differs from
ro-lineata in the larva state as well as in the imago and is now considered
a distinct species, is found in the more southern States and according to
Packard originally represented the latter on the eastern slope of the Rocky
Mountain Plateau. It is one of the old-time variations of zo-/ineata.
Glover has mentioned and figured a form (U.S. Agr. Rep. for 1869, p.
123) which he says ‘‘is an apparent cross between the two (zo-/ineat/a
and junc/a), or a variety once found in the South, in which the heavy,
thick black line of the jwnc/a has a very fine yellowish line running partly
threugh it longitudinally”. \

_ T have a specimen from Missouri (near St. Louis, taken June 29th,
1884), which has a well marked furplish line running partly through the
heavy black one longitudinally, and with the elytra purplish next the
suture and around the edges; otherwise as in junc/a, of which these last
two are variations. Another form, defecfa Stal, is recognized as a variety
of zo-finea/a, but is a more modern variation than juncfa. These. three
forms are represented in Mexico, Costa Rica and parts of western South
America by zz-ineata Stal, from which zo-dimea/a probably originated,
and subsequently gave origin to junucfa and defecta. ‘This interesting
representative of the ancestral form of the ‘‘Colorado potato-beetle” has
recently been recorded within our territorial limits.

Eight specimens of cizzco/is Kirby taken here at different times
show a series of four finely marked forms: five of the normal form; one
in which the normal posterior marking of each elytron, formed by two
linear markings meeting at an acute angle forward, is represented bya
three-sided blotch; and two very striking variations, in one of which the
two anterior markings of each elytron are united in one broad black
band across both elytra, while in the other the same broad band is
present but with the posterior three-sided blotch also. These are two
very interesting variations, especially as this is quite constant compared
with many others.

As another example in another genus of the family, I would mention
Lina (formerly Plagiodera) scripia Fab. This species, which I have taken

in abundance in Louisiana, was at that time very constant, every spe-
cimen (of forty-three collected) being marked exactly the same, the
normal form being represented (see Psyche, vol. IV, p. 222). But Prof.
Riley has described and figured many variations of it from the West,
which were doubtless taken when the species was in its normal state of
abundance. Eight specimens of /afponica Linn, taken here (where I
have never known it to be abundant) show a series of five well marked
variations.

The cause of the constancy of a form when it becomes very numer-
ous in individuals is at first somewhat hard to see. We would naturally
suppose that under such circumstances it would be very inconstant, as
sexual selection would seem to have played no part, but all the indivi-
duals would naturally have had to pair to produce such abundance. But
here is just where we overlook the part which sexual selection has played
—and it certainly is the cause to which this constancy is to be attributed.
The form of a species which first begins to multiply rapidly and thus gets
ahead of its kindred forms (it is likely to be the typical form, as that is
the most numerous in individuals), is the one that will win. And it will
be constant because sexual selection preserves the s/andard of beauty in
a race which standard is determined by the majority. Now the large
majority in a species that has begun to increase is the typical form, and
from this we see that if a species happens to multiply unduly (we know
not from what cause) and thus gets a start, it will perpetuate its type and
remain constant, while its kindred variations will be pushed to the wall
in the struggle for existence. Some influence seems to guard the pro-
pagation of a form while it is in a state of abundance, so that only the
form itself is produced and no variations occur. The image of the favor-
ed form, so predominant and numerous, seems to be deeply fixed in the
being of the parent-beetle to produce this form. But as long as the
species is in its accustomed state, variations are very frequently produced;
and moreover they find room for themselves and increase. At all events
these are the facts; I have given the explanation as I see it.

In conclusion, if C. sca/aris Lec. is shown, as it no doubt will be,
to graduate by variations into the form of philadelphica Linn., it will have
to be considered a variety of the latter; though other forms, as nearly
related as these two, but not having connecting variations, must neces-
sarily be regarded as distinct species. In other words sca/aris is not a
perfected species yet, but will be in time. How long a time may be
told by entomologists some centuries hence, when its connecting varia-
tions have passed away or: developed into new species.

————$—$—$—$<— +

Ga

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S.
(Continued from p. 32.)

CALLICHROMINI 2c TRACHYDERINI.

These two tribes are for convenience considered together. ‘They in-
clude all the Longicorns with a triangular scutellum, more or less acute,
and varying considerably in size. The species belong almost entirely to
the warmer parts of the country. The arrangement of genera is as
follows:

Hrontcoxalicavitiesiclosed behind); ... ae emeterta ach ee 20 eine eyalanet Callichroma.
Front coxal cavities open;

Mandibles acute or simple at tip:
Pronotum broadly lobed at base; poriferous system of antennz very distinct;

Metasternal pores absent, side pieces very wide................. Megaderus.
Metasternaljpores'distinct. . . .... .\saiaee «st «slot a pee ec tee teen eee auiiome
Pronotum not lobed, sometimes subsinuate at base, poriferous system often ob-
solete, and palpi in some genera scarcely impressed.......... .... sone
Mandibles emarginate at tip.... . SONS 5: | DOS eMnCIG On os aocano Shona auesac one
eB eErothoraxsstroneiimsarmed on Sides ciety ee Dendrobias.
ProthoraxammiformlygcOuVveX... .« - « ivaeeeemeeeiere, ub icles telotel svelte Lissonotus.
3 Front large, square, perpendicular, abruptly separated from the ante-ocular space;
SProstennumevertcalibehind........ < sac seeeetaelelelcooe eels lelcieieler siti Stenaspis.
Prosternum arcuate at tip.
Elytra distinctly margined at the sides#jso...2.. <...05 --.- ses Crioprosopus.

Elytra not or obtusely margined;
Prothorax armed with a lateral spine; mesosternum not protuberant;

Bodyspubbescentercsi:). 3. ies eerste breech aetoter roc nies Tragidion.
Body: glabrous, (elytra costate,/aammeee a. poke sete sh: Purpuricenus.
Body glabrous, <{' without antennal tubercles................ Metaleptus.
Prothoraxsrounded, cCONVeX. . ./.. 2. alent enero ieicie = cele .... Aithecerus.

front moderate, short, declivous, not abruptly defined each side;
Two ivory vittee on each elytron; prothorax margined at apex;

Mesosternum)declivous: 4)... See ee ee eee Mannophorus.
One ivory vitta on each elytron; prothorax not margined at apex.

Mesosternumsprotuberant,) .. . ./..--)/eelemiete see elie a> © esol Entomosterna.
K:lytra without ivory vittes, mesosternum declivous;

Body pubescent; prothorax not margined at apex...... ....:...... Amannus.

Body ipilose;sprothorax margined at amextrmileens cles isill re cee eee Batyle.

4 Elytra without ivory vitte;
Prothorax with an acute lateral spine;

Eyes not divided; pubescence fine,.........-- 0.20002 cece eee eee Oxoplus.
Eyes divided; pubescence, coarse: Jasper ei). 4 te <i. ell eee Schizax.
Prothorax rounded on sides, with dorsal callosities..........-..... ... Tylosis.
Prothorax rounded on sides, or feebly spinose, without dorsal callosities, pube-
scence long and partly errect..... bid, nad ot Seebeck Jeode arose: Crossidius.
Prothorax narrowed in front, mesosternum convex..............Sphzenothecus.

Each elytron with two ivory vittee, prothorax narrowed in front;

6"

Mesosternum declivous, body robust........... MRE Norte busin . Perarthrus.
Mesosternum protuberant, body slender...............-+...05+ Ischnocnemis.
The structural characters are so described by above schedule that
they will not be rehearsed in the specific descriptions. The student is
referred to the ‘‘Classification” for further characters.
CALLICHROMA | at.
The prothorax is very rugose and armed with a strong lateral spine
and the scutellum is moderate in size.
SYNOPSIS OF CALLICHROMA.

Thighs orange;
Elytra and parts beneath except abdomen and legs metallic green, tinged with a

QD PERV ANUE Sy potele ee See tc oh 1's) «/«: 2 (ol temp elo] ener, ol ot, S splendidum.
Meétallicoreentonly © 22.1... . «cee Be RES) Shes pe ioreya plicatum.
Front and middle thighs black, elytra blue......... .......+.... ...cobaltinum.,
mhiphs black, elytra:velvety black... 2... aimless «=< . melancholicum.

C. splendidum Lec. J.A.P., ser. 2, II, 1850, p. 37; Dej. Cat., 3d ed. p. 349;
elegans Hald. Trans. Am. Phil., X, 1847, p. 31.
Length 1.25 to 1.50 in. = 28 to 4o mm. Hab. Southern States. (Pl. , fig. 4.)

The coppery hue which is always distinct on the thorax, sometimes
is spread entirely over the elytra and this form is traditionally known as
VUeSCENS .

C. plicatum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil, VI, 1853, p. 233. Length 1 to 1.5 in. =
25 to40mm. Hab, Texas.

C. cobaltinum Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 195. Length 1 to1.5 in. =
25 to36mm. Hab. Lower California.

The transverse rugze of the prothorax are not so coarse as in the two
preceding species and the anterior transverse constriction is more regular
and stronger.

C. melancholicum Bates. Trans. Ent. Soc., London, 1872, p. 186; Chev.
Mss. Length 1.25 inch. = 30 mm. Hab. Mexican Boundary.
All velvety black, except the legs and antenne, which are shining.

MEGADERUS Serv.

M, bifasciatus Dup. Mag. Zool. 1836, Cl. IX, p. 5, t. 141, f. 2; Lec. J.A.P.,
ser. 2, II, 1852, p. 176; Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 344; corallifer Newn., Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser, 2, IV, p. 195; Hald. Stansb. Expl. App. t.9, f. 15. Length 1 in, = 25 mm.
Hab. Texas, Ariz,

Black, tibize and elytra partly rufous, but very variable in the arrange-
ment of the color, The thorax is very roughly punctured and_ the scu-
tellum large and acutely triangular. (Pl. , fig. 5.)

5

DENDROBIAS Serv.

D. mandibularis Serv. Ann, Ent. Soc. Fr., 1834, ser. 1, Il, p. 42; Dup.
Mag. Zool. 1836, IX, p. 23, pl. 151, f. 1, 3 4-maculatus Klug, Dej. Cat., 3d ed.
P- 345; Dup. l.c., p. 22, pl. 151, f. 2; basalis Dup. J.c., 1840, XIII, p.6, pl. 33;
testaceus Dup, l.c., IX, p. 24, pl. 152, f. 1; Lac. Gen. Col., 1869, IX, p. 201, note
1; sartorius Héppner, Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 345. Length .80 to 1.20 in. = 20 to 30
mm. Hab, Cal., Tex., Ariz., New Mex. and Mex.

Entomologica Americana, Vol TI, 9 June 1886.

—§=—

For the above synonymy I am indebted to Mr. Samuel Henshaw.
Piceous, variously variegated with dark yellow. Elytra black with four
large yellow spots. The thorax is rugose and armed with a sharp lateral
a and and the scutellum nearly as large as in Megaderus (Pl. ,

fig. 6.)
LISSONOTUS Dalm.

L. multifasciatus Dup. Mag. Zool. 1836, Cl. IX, p. 10, t. 143, f. 3. Length
75 in. =17mm. Hab. Arizona, Cal.

Black, elytra variously banded with yellow. Thorax is smooth and
scutellum again large. (PI. , fig. 7.)

STENASPIS Serv.

Contains two species easily separated by their color. The thorax is
obsoletely rugose with tubercles at sides and finely punctured and the
scutellum moderate in size but acutely triangular.

S) verticalis (Serv. ‘Ann. Fr.,°18549p..52; Dup. lcs) pS 7an bck ae
Dejeani Hoeppner, Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 346; superba Newn. Ent. Mag. V, p. 493.
Length 1.25 in. = 30mm. Hab. Texas, Ariz.

The thorax and beneath yellowish rufous except abdomen, knees,
tarsi, and three spots on prothorax black; antennz yellow and_ black:
elytra purplish blue, shining. (PI. , fig. 8.)

S; solitariay pay. jixA-P., Ill, rs2gtepeqro: Wec AJP sser. 2. lems oO:
p. 9; Proc. Ac. Phil., VI, p. 441; Col. Kans. p. 30, t. 2, f. 14 QO; Gicdan Tie ae

=

Dewaetass: Leagth i-5in,—40mm,. Hab; Texas, Ark, Kan.) Goll, iNeMexe
and Arizona.
Uniform bluish black, slightly shining.
CRIOPROSOPUS Serv.
Contains three species with coarsely punctured thorax and moderate
but acutely triangular scutellum.,

SYNOPSIS OF CRIOPROSOPUS.

Prothorax blacking pyr sevcsei sie ut ys +++ + se ee eae oe eerste setecs ies eae splendens.
Prothorax: orange, spotted: with black. 21). paememieets mie se yee ee magnificus.
Prothorax black, sideswithvorange border smpierteie cto oci) ei eee ei archer lateralis.

C. splendens Lec. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., VI, p. 441; Arcan. Nat. 1850,
p. 127, t. 12, f. 9; rimosus Buq { Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 142; Mag. Zool., 1841, t. 66.
Length 1.37 in. = 35 mm. Hab. Texas.

The elytra are remarkable for the very deep re angular confluent
rugosities and the beautiful shining green color. The legs are more or
less yellow and otherwise the insect is black. (PI. , fig. g.)

C. magnificus Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. V, 1875, p. 173. Length 1.5 in.
= 38mm. Hab, Arizona.

Bright orange, mouth, antennzx, knees, tibia and tarsi black, head,
prothorax and abdomen spotted with black and elytra black with two
broad orange bands connected by narrow marginal line of same color.

C. lateralis Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, 1884, p. 23. Length .44 in. =
11mm. Hab. Texas.
Black, clothed above and beneath with fine, erect, ashy pubescence.

Beneath finely, above deeply and coarsely punctured, Sides of prothorax
with broad orange border. Elytra with narrow side margin and_ broad
transverse fascia orange. ‘This is the smallest Trachyderide known.

(To be continued, )

—

Explanation of Plates II and III.

The figuring is consecutive, and the numbers are scattered over both plates.
Figs. 24 to 26 represent forms not obtainable when the genus was treated of. Starred
figures we owe to Dr. Horn.

1 Elytroleptus floridanus. 16* Oxoplus corallinus.

2 Holopleura marginata. 17* Schizax senex.

3 Rosalia funebris. 18 Tylosis maculata.

4 Callichroma splendidum. 19 Crossidius discoideus.

5 Megaderus bifasciatus. 20 as intermedius.

6 Dendrobias mandibularis. 21 Spheenothecus suturalis.

7 Lissonotus multifasciatus. 22 Ischnocnemis bivittatus.

8 Stenaspis solitaria. 23 Entomosterna cyanicollis.
g Crioprosopus splendens. 24* Nothorhina aspera.
10 Tragidion coquus. 25* Hypexilis pallidus.

11 Purpuricenus humeralis. 26 Hammaticherus castaneus.
12* Metaleptus Batesi. (after the biol. Cent. Am.)
13, Aethecerus Wilsoni. 27 Callimus ruficollis.

14 Mannophorus leetus. 28 Rhopalophora longipes.

15 Batyle ignicollis.

0A

Notes and News.
Flight of Water Beetles.

A few days since while passing a small pond, I stopped to notice
the swarms of Gyrzmus on the surface and shortly after was struck by the
appearance of certain small black insects flying in the air. A few mo-
ments of close observation proved my suspicion, that the flying insects
were Gyrinus, to be correct, and I was able by careful watching for a
little while to observe the process entire. The insects after swimming
about on the surface for a time, or sometimes almost immediately after
coming to surface, would proceed to crawl up on the stones at the bank
or upon partially submerged sticks, grass ete. After climbing up a few
inches from the surface of the water, (I saw some as high as ten or twelve
inches) they would remain quiet for a while, apparently waiting to be-
come perfectly dry, then suddenly extend the wings and fly, taking to
flight so quickly that I was unable to catch sight of the wings till they
were in the air. Frequently they would fail to get well into the air, per-
haps caught by a sudden gust, and capsize upon the surface, in which

ye

cases they folded their wings as quickly as possible and dove out of
sight; whether any of these capsized ones made a second effort I could
not determine. When they made a good flight they rose rapidly to a
height of forty or fifty feet, then flew away with the wind and would be
very quickly lost to sight. The species is one rather common in this
locality, Gyrinus anals.

I also saw several individuals of Mdrophilus glaber on stones and
sticks several inches above the surface of the water but did not see any
of them take to flight.

It was a warm spring day, and about half past four when I first
noticed the beetles. I watched them till nearly sundown, but they were
not nearly so plenty the latter part of the time, partly perhaps on account
of the change in temperature, possibly partly on account of my taking
advantage of their terrestrial habit to secure a number of specimens.

Ames, Iowa. HERBERT OSBORN.

* *

We have received a circular referring toa Summer Course in Ento-
mology and General Invertebrate Zoology at the Cornell University,
Ithaca, N.Y. Prof. J. H. Comstock is in charge of this Department,
and the course will comprise lectures, laboratory practice and field work.
It will begin Monday, June 21st, and continue 10 weeks. The fee to
others than college graduates or undergraduates taking regular courses
at the University, will be $25. This is an excellent way of spending a
summer vacation—it enables an Entomologist to follow his hobby, and
at the same time initiates him into methods of study that will prove ad-

vantageous to him in the further pursuit of his favorite science.
—

Book Notices.

Dinapate Wrightii and its larva. By George H. Horn, M.D. Trans. Am,
Ent. Soc. XIII, pp. 1—4 and PI. I.

That a Bostrychid, nearly two inches in length, sho. 1d remain so
long undiscovered is passing strange; but this is what Dr. Horn presents
to us in the above paper. It is from the Mojave desert, Calif., which if
the rest of its fauna is as peculiar as this species must be an Entomo-
logical paradise.

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. May 4th, 1886. — Twenty members
present, the President in the chair. Dr. 8. W. Williston of New Haven, Conn.,
was elected a member of the Society. My. Leng was appointed a committee to
arrange for the annual excursion of the Society on May 31st.

Mr. Smith read a paper on ‘Ants’ nests and their inhabitants”, giving a
popular account of myrmecophilous insects and their habits. Dr. Williston
supplemented the acount with further notes on the Diptera found in ants nests
either in the larval or mature stage, and remarked on some curious resembiances
of certain Diptera to ants.

Mr. Weeks read a brief paper on some parasitic Hymenoptera and Diptera,
merely mentioning the facts of their occurrence. Dr. Williston added a few
remarks on the life habits of some Tachinids.

{y70! UG Ice
* AMERIGANA

VOL, I, BROOKLYN, JULY, 1886. NO. 4.

Record of some Contributions to the Literature of North
American Beetles, published in 1885.

By Samuet HeEnsuHaw,

In Part II the first number refers to the author-list in Part I.

A few articles either accidentally omitted from or received too late
for insertion in the previous Record (Ent. Amer. v, I, p. 41.) are included
now. A few papers of general interest although not especially relating to
American beetles are also included.

In the papers recorded sixteen (16) new genera and two-hundred
and fifty (250) new species are described by nine (9) authors.

a eae oe ale
Angell, G. W. J. synoptic table of related species;
1 Notes on Chrysomela scalaris Lec. doubis the occurence in N. Ameri-
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 126-128, ca of Lathridius filiformis Gyll.
figures, Berge, A.
Bell; J. T- 5 Enumération des Cétonides décrits
2 List of Staphylinidae taken at Belle-| depuis la publication du catalogue de
ville, Ont. : MM. Gemminger et de Harold.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 49-59. Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg. 1884, v. 28, p.
Sixty-six named species. 113-163.
3 (Xyloryctes satyrus in Ontario. Bergroth, E.
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 58. 6 Vega-Coleoptera und Hemiptera.
Belon, Marie-Joseph. Ent. Nachrichten 1885, v. 11, p.
4 Note sur quelques espéces du genre 268-270.
Cartodere Thoms, List with localities of the species
C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28, mentioned and described by Sahl-
p- Cxci-cxciii. berg in his reports upon the Vega
Describes (. intermedia n. sp., collections.

60

Bisshopp, E. F.

7 The Death-watch, (Xestobium tessela-
tum. )

Ent. 1884, v. 17, p. 237-238.
Blanchard, F.

8 On the species of Canthon and Pha-
naeus of the United States with notes
on other genera.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,
p- 163-172.
9 Cryptobium flavicorne Lec.
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 180.
Distinet from C. pallipes.
Bonhoure, Alph.
10 Note sur le Platypsylla castoris Rit-
sema et sa capture en France.
Ann, Soc. Ent. France, 1884, ser. 6.
Vv. 4, p- 147-154, plate 6.
Branden, C. Van den
11 Catalogue des Coléoptéres Carnass-
iers aquatiques (Haliplidae, Amphi-
zoidae, Pelobiidae et Dytiscidae.)
Ann. Soc, Ent, Belg. 1885, v. 29, p.
1-118.
Bruner, Lawrence
12 Notes from Nebraska.
Rept. Com. Agric. for 1884-85, p.
398-403.
Brief notes on Plagiodera scripta
and Doryphora 10-lineata.

Casey, T. L.
13 New genera and species of Californi-
an Coleoptera.
Bull. Cal. Acad. Sciences, 1885. v.1.
p. 283-336. 1 plate. P
Caulfield, F. B.
14 Trapping Coleoptera.
Ca. Ent, 1885, v. 17, p. 229-230.
Principally Silphidae.
15 Notes on Chrysomela scalaris Lec.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 230.
Clarkson, F.
16 The dung pellet-makers.
Rept. Ent. Soc, Ont. for 1884-85,
Pp- 40.
Reprint from Ca, Ent. 1884, v, 16.

p. 18-19; see Ent. Amer. v. 1, p.

42, No. 14.

17 The elm leaf beetle (Galeruca xan-
thomelaena Schrank. )
Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1884-85,
p. 40-41.
Reprint from Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16.
p- 124-125; see Ent. Amer. v. 1,
p. 42, No. 16.
18 Seaside captures (about New York.)
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 106-108.
19 Elaphidion villosum Fabr.
Can, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 188-190.

Claypole, E. W.
20 Entomology by the electric lamp.
Ca, Ent. 1888, v. 17, p. 117-119.
Record of insects attracted
the electric lamps.

to

Dimmock. Anna K.
21 The insects of Betula in N. America.
Fsyche 1885, v. 4. p. 239-243; 271-
286.
Thirty-one species of beetles are
mentioned.

Dimmock, George

22 Xyloryctes satyrus and Strategus an-
taeus.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 39.
Distribution.

Dohrn, C, A.

23 Classification of the Coleoptera of
North America.
Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1884, v. 45. p. 32-
37; 113-125.
Critical view of the Classification
of Leconte and Horn.

24 Revision der Amerikanischen Cucu-
jidae Nordlich von Mexico,
Thomas L. Casey.

Stett. Ent- Zeit. 1884, v. 45, p. 4o1-
404.
Review.

von

25 Neuere publicationen iiber nord-
amerikanische Kifer, von Dr. Geo.
H. Horn.

Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1884, v. 45, p. 444-
447-
Review and extracts from Notes
on Anomala and Notowus.

Doll, J.
26 Note on Dynastes.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 120-
121.
Found near tips of branches of Mt.
Ash in Col. (=Ariz.)

Donckies de Donceel, H.

27 List des Brenthides décrits postér-
ieurement au catalogue de M. M.
Gemminger and von Harold.

C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28,
p- ceciii-cex.

28 Liste des Anthribides decrits post-
érrieurement au catalogue de M. M.
Gemminger and yon Harold.

C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28,
Pp. CCXiv—CCXxXxXiil.

Donovan, C. Jr.
29 Dytiscus marginalis found in salt
water.
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 13.
Duges, Eug.
30 Metamorphoses de la Leptinotarsa
undecimlineata Stal.
Ann. Soc, Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28, p.
1-6, plate I in part.
31 Metamorphoses du Tropisternus la-
teralis Fabricius.
Ann. Soc. Ent, Belg. 1884, v. 28, p.
7-12. plate 1 in part.
32 Metamorphoses du Mallodon angus-
tatum Thoms.
Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28, p.
12-18. plate 2.

Forbes, S. A.

33 Fourteenth Report of the State En-
tomologist on the noxious and bene-
ficial Insects of the State of Illinois.

Springfield, Illinois, 1885.
Short notes on Hippodamia macu-
lata and other Coccinellids, Paria
aterrima, Scelodonta nebulosus, 8.
pubescens, Crepidodera helexines
and Saperda tridentata. Index to
the first twelve Illinois Reports.

Fowler, W. W.
34 Note on Hypothenemus
West.

eruditus

Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 21, p. 256-
257.
35 Water beetles guided to water by
sight and not by other senses.
Ent. 1883, v. 16 p. 286.
36 The genus Cercyon.
Ent. 1884, v. 17, p. 54-59.
Relates to British species but sev-
eral found in the United States are

mentioned.
37 The ‘‘Death-watch” and its sound.

(Xestobium tesselatum.)
Ent. 1884, v. 17, p. 188-190.
French, G. H.
38 Larva of Chrysomela clivicollis Kby.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 19.
Description; food-plant.

Frost, J.
39 Water-beetles and light reflected by
glass.
Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 286.
Fuchs, C.
40 (Collecting in California. )
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 125.
Godman, F. Ducane & Osbert Salvin.
41 Biologia Centrali-Americana.
London.
Parts 35-43 Jan. 1885—Dec.1885
contain portions of the Staphylini-
de and Bruchidae by Sharp, Ma-
lacodermata by Gorham, Longi-
cornica by Bates, Phytophaga by
Baly and Jacoby and Tenebrioni-
dae by Champion.
Hagen, H. A,
42 (Distribution of Xyloryctes satyrus
etc.)
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 58-60.

Hamilton, John
43 Hibernation of Coleoptera.
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 35-38.
44 Short notes on Coleoptera,
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 45-48.
45 Remarks on some species of Coleop-
tera with supplementary descriptions
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 103-106.
46 Entomology at Brigantine Beach, N.
J. in September.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 201-206,

J 6g

Hanham, A. W.
47 Entomological Notes.
Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1884-85 p.
41-42.
Reprint from Ca, Ent. v. 16, p
98-99. See Ent. Amer. v. 1, p. 44.
No, 55.

Harrington, W. Hague.
48 (Distribution of Xyloryctes satyrus. )

Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 58.

49 Are Cuculio larvae lignivorous?
Ent. Amer, 1885, v. I, p. 18-19.
Answered in the affirmative.
Henshaw, S.
50 List of the Coleoptera of America,|
north of Mexico.
Phil. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885 ,8vo. p.161
51 (Distribution of Xyloryctes satyrus. )

Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 40.

52 Determinations of the 36 Coleoptera
described by D. Ziegler.

Ca. Puts 1885; v.27. p. 131-132.

53 Record of some contributions to the
literature of North American beetles
published in 1883-84.

Ent. Amer.1885, v.1, p. 41-48; 73-77

54 Coleoptera of America.

Science 1885, v. 6, p- 454.

Number of species in recent lists.
Horn, G. H.

55 Notes on some Staphylinidae.

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v.-7, p- 121-

122.

Relates to the forms of Edaphus;
Trogophloeus laticollis belongs to
Haploderus.

56 A note on some Hydrophilidae.

Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 137-139.
Hydrophilus and Tropisternus dis-
tinet; separation of the species of
Hydrophilus; records Tropisternus
apicipalpis and Berosus Salvinii
from North America.

57 Synonymical Notes.

Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I. p. 5-9-
Newman’s species.
58 A note on Scotocryptus.
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 51-52.
59 Synonymical Notes. No. 2.

Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 88-90.
The species described by Beauvois
60 Synonymical Notes. No. 3.
Ent. Amer, 1885, v. 1, p. 108-113.
T he species described by Casey.
61 (Notes on some Cerambycidae. )
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 130-133.
Notes and descriptions of the spe-
cies of Komaleum, Aneflus and
Eustroma contributed to Leng’s
Synopsis of the Cerambycidae.
62 A study of some genera of Elater-
idae.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,
A Senay of the species of Cryptobium
of North America.

Trans. Am. Ent, Soc, 1885, v. 12,

p. 86-106. 2 plates.

63

64 Studies among the Meloidae.
Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,
p- 107-116.
65 Descriptions of North American
Scarabaeidae.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,
p. 117-128.
66 Contributions to the Coleopterology

of the United States. No. 4.
Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,
p. 128-162.
Descriptions of some new Ceramby-
cidae with notes.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12,
173-197.
Synopsis of the Throscidae of the
United States.
Trans, Am. Ent. Soc, 1885, v. 12.
p. 198-208.
(Note on the Classification of the
Staphylinidae.
Science 1885, v. 5, No. 101, p. V,
Proc.
(Tarsal modifications in Silphidae
and Cerambycidae.)
Science 1885, v. 5, No. 114, p. V.
Proc.
71 (Note on Dinapate Wrightii n. g. et.
n, Sp.)
Science 1885, v. 5, No. 148, p. —
Proc.

67

68

69

70

—bg—

Hubbard, H. G.

72 Notes on the habits of Hypotrichia
spissipes Lec., with description of
the females.

Psyche 1885, v. 4, p. 215-217, fig.
Kerremans, Charles

73 Enumération des Buprestides dé-
crits posterieurement au Catalogue
de MM. Gemminger and de Harold.

Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1885, v. 29,
p- 119-157.

Kilman, A. H.

74 The punctured clover leaf weevil
(Phytonomus punctatus.)

Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1884-85,
Pp: 32.
Reprint from Ca. Ent. v. 16, p.
144-145; See Ent. Amer. v. 1, p.
45, No. 87.
Knaus, Warren.
75 Are Curculio larvae lignivorous?
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v..7, p. 150.
Answered in the affirmative.

76 Additions to the Catalogue of Kan-

sas Coleoptera for 1883 and 1884.
Trans. Kans. Acad, Sci. 1885, v. 9,
p- 57-61.

List of 160 species.
77 On some salt marsh Coleoptera.
Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 1885, v. 9,
p. 64-65.
A few species of Cicindela and

p. ¢xcili-cevi.

81 (Synonymical Notes on Eumolpides)
Ann, Ent. Soc. France 1884, ser. 6,
v. 4, p. xlv—xlli; Ixxv—Ixxvi.

Leng, C. W.

82 Synopses of Coleoptera (Cerambyci-

dae.)
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 117-
11g; Ent. Amer. 1885, v.1,p. 28-35;
130-136, plates 1-3.
83 (Water-beetles.)
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 39.
Observed beneath ice.
84 (Abnormal Monilema. )
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 136.

Lintner, J. A.

85 Second report onthe injurious and
other insects of the State of N. Y.
Albany 1885, pp. xiv-265.

Amphicerus bicaudatus, Lema tri-
lineatus, Tribolium ferrugineum,
Brachytarsus variegatus and Ara-
migus Fulleri are discussed and
Sigured; figures and brief notes of
a few others are given.

Lucas, H.

86 Note sur le Gibbium scotias.
Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1884, ser. 6,
v. 4, p. Ixxvii-txxviii, Bull.

87 Sur la larve du Gibbium scotias.
Ann, Soc. Ent. France 1884, ser. 6,
Vv. 4, p. Cxxiv—cxxv. Bull.

one of Rhyssemus are mentioned. |Marsh, C. D.

_ Lameere, Aug.

78 Longicornes capturés aux Etats-

unis par le Dr. E. Fromont.
C.R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28,
P, CCCXXii.
Mentions a few species.
Leconte, J. L.

79 Short studies of North American
Coleoptera No. 2.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v.
p. I-32.
Lefevre, Ed.

80 Descriptions de quatre generes
nouve aux et de plusieurs espéces
nouvelles de Coleoptera de la famile
des Eumolpides,

C. R. Ent. Soc. Belg. 1884, v. 209,

12,

88 Swarming of a dung beetle, Apho-
dius inquinatus,
Am. Nat. 1885, v. 19, p. 716.
Matthews, A.
89 On a new genus allied to Corylophus
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 160-
161.
Mc Donald, G. L.
90 Peculiar mistake of Dytiscus margi-
nalis.
Ent. 1883. v. 16, p. 263-264.
Glass mistaken for water.
Moffat, J. Alston.
91 (Capture of Chrysomela pnirsa.
: Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 40.
Olliff, A. Sidney.
92 On the Coleopterous genus Holopa-

—70—

ramecus Curtis.
Ent, 1883, v. 16 p, 1-4.
Describes H. singularis Beck.

Packard, A. S.

93 Second report on the causes of the
destruction of the evergreen and
other forest trees in Northern New
England and New York.

Rept. Com, Agric. for 1884, 1885,
P+ 374-383.
Monohammus confusor, Glyco-
bius speciosus and Saerda cal-
carata are mentioned.

Ricksecker, L. E.

94 (Biological Notes.)

Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 96-08.
Habits and habitats of several
species.

Riley, C. V.

95 The imported elm leaf beetle. ts
habits and natural history and
means of counteracting its injuries.

Bull. No, 6, U.S. Dept. Agric. Div.

Ent. 1885, pp. 18, figs. and 1 plate.

96 Water beetles destroying Carp.

Bull. U.S. Fish Com. 1885, v. 5, p.

311.

Species of Dytiscus or Cybister?

97 Parasites of the larva of Lachnoster-
na fusca.

Psyche 1885, v. 4, p. 224.

98 Report of the Entomologist.

Rept. Com. Agric. for 1884, 1885,

p. 285-418, 10 plates,

The following species are discuss-
ed viz: Epicaerus imbricatus, Phyl-
lotreta vittata, P. Zimmermani, P.
albionica, Doryphora 10-lineata,
Plagiodera scripta, Mallodon me-
lanopus, Trichobaris trinotatus,
Anomadla varians, Sphenophorus
robustus, S. sculptilis, Euphoria
Kernii, Pristoscelis ater, Caland-
ra oryzae and Aramigus Fulleri.
Remedial measures. Figures.

99 On the hitherto unknown mode of

Rroc, As Ay A SCletoosmavetsosiiDe
538-539.
See Ent. Amer. v.1, p. 47, No.
129.
Sahlberg, John.

100 Bidrag till Tschuktsch-halféns in-
sekt fauna, Coleoptera och Hemip-
tera insamlade under Vega-expedi-
tionen vid halféns norra och éstra
kust 1878-1879.

Vega-expedionens vetenskapliga iak-
ttagelser 1885, Bd. 4, p. 1-42.

101 Coleoptera och Hemiptera, insam-
lade af Vega-expeditionens medle-
mar 4 Berings sunds amerikanska-
kust uti omgifningarma af Port
Clarence, vid Grantley Harbour och
sj6n Iman-ruk den 23-26 Juli 1879.

Vega-expeditionens _ vetenskapliga
iakttagelser 1885, Bd. 4, p. 43-58.

102 Coleoptera och Hemiptera insamla-
deaf Vega-expeditionens medlemar
pa Bering-on den 15-18 Augusti 1879

Vega-expeditionens vetenskapliga

iakttagelser 1885, Bd. 4, p. 59-71.
Mentions a few species found in
the United States.

Schwarz, E. A.

103 (Note on montane beetles. )
Science 1885, v. 5, No. 120, p. V,
Proc.
104 (Mandibular appendages of Epicae-
rus imbricatus.)
Science 1885, v.5, No. 120, p. V.-
Proc.

Seher, Thaddeus.

105 (Distribution and habitat of Rhopa-
lopus sanguinicollis.)
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 156.

Sharp, D.

106 Note on the genus Plagithmysus

Motsch.
C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1885, v. 20,

p. Ixxiv—Ixxvi.
Not seen.
107 Note on Hydrobius fuscipes.
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1884, v. 21, p. 84-85

oviposition in the Carabidae (Ab-/Smith, J. B.

stract.)

108 Dynastes again.

oh

Bull. Bkl. EB. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 151.
Hell’s Canon in Ariz. not Col.;
distribution of D. Granti.

109 (Lycus Fernandezi found in Tex.)

Bull. Bkl, E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 125.

110 Species, varieties and races.

Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p- 3-9.
Describes the variations
several species of Cicindela.

111 Water beetles.

Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 16.
Favorable places and seasons of
the year for collecting; net.

112 An abnormal Lucanus cervus,

Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 27.

113 Stylopidae.

Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 38.

114 (Color of Coptocycla aurichalcea. )

Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 78.

115 Some new species of Hispini.

Ent. Amer, 1885, v. I, p. 94-95.

Snow, F. H.

116 Lists of Lepidoptera and Coleop-
tera collected in New Mexico by the
Kansas University scientific expedi-
tion of 1883 and 1884.

Trans. Kans, Acad. Sci, 1885, v. 9,

p. 65-69.

Mentions about 150 species, some
are not fully identified.

Townsend, C. H. T.
117 A list of Coleoptera collected in

among

|—

Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 66-73.
About 110 species are mentioned.
118 On the distribution of the genera
of Carabidae along a river system.
Ca. Ent. 1885; v. 17, p. 170-171.
119 Notes on Acmaeodera pulchella
Hbst.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 231-232.
Variation and food plants.
120 Notes on some Coleoptera taken in
South Louisiana. ~
Psyche 1885, v. 4, p. 219-222.
Walker, J. J., and W. W. Fowler.
121 Coleoptera in salt water.
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 45.
Websdale, G. R.
122 The Death watch and its sound.

Ent. 1884, v. 17, p. 236-237.

Xeslobiwm tesselatumis mentioned.
Wenzel, H. W.
123 Note on Sandalus.

Ent. Amer, 1885, v. 1, p. 107.
Habitat.

Wood, Theodore.
124 Hydradephaga in salt water.
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 44-45
125 Experiments with Bruchus infested
Beans.

Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 114.
Germinating qualities not affected;
reproductive capabilities of adult
plants injured; plants free from

Louisiana on or south of parallel 30°.

attacks of Aphis rumicis.

(To be continued..)

Among the tools of trade which a Coleopterist ought to carry into
the woods with him, is a pipe and some vile tobacco. By puffing smoke
into the crevices of bark, into cracks, crevices, cavities in trees and
other places where insects hide, the inhabitants may be easily dislodged.
I have seen a dozen beetles run out of the crevices on top of a stump,
after I had supposed I had taken everything to be found there.

The species of Chadcophora as‘a rule feed on evergreens. Among the
American species C. campestris Say has been taken by Mr. Schwarz and
myself on sycamore, which they attack when the tree is entirely dead and
dry, and this is the only species thus far known that feeds in deciduous trees.
It is likely that C. Fudleri, which resembles campestris very strongly in
form, will be found to have similar habits. [-Bes:

—72—

Notes and News.

Grosvenor Liprary, Buffalo, N. Y., 5-21-86.

Dear Sir: I take pleasure in informing you that at a recent meeting of

Buffalo Entomologists, held for the purpose of making arrangements for

the entertainment of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S., it was de-

cided to tender: the Club a reception on the occasion of their coming

meeting here in August next; and also an excursion to some point of in-
terest near the city.

We hope there will be a good attendance at these meetings; and
shall do everything in our power to make them successful and enjoyable.

Sincerely yours,
E. P. Van Duzer, Secretary.
Joun B. Smitu,
Secretary Entomological Club, A. A. A, S,

It is hoped that the attendance of Entomologists will be large, and
that they will come well provided to add to the interest of the meet-
ings. It is desirable that those who expect to attend and who will have
papers to read, send in the titles, and the time they expect to occupy to
Prof. J. A. Lintner, Albany, N.Y., Prof, C. V. Riley, Washington, D. C.
or Mr. John B. Smith, National Museum, Washington, D.C. In the
next number we shall hope to publish further particulars. as well as a
programme for the first meeting. ‘ J-Bse

—_— sr oo —____—_
Book Notices.

Dr. H. A. Hagen’s Monograph of the Embidina is one of the most
important memoirs that has appeared in the Canadian Entomologist for
several years.

It fills somewhat over fifty pages, was commenced in the August
(1885) number and concluded in the number for November.

Seventeen species are recognized, four being described as new, one
of these (Oligotoma Hubbardi) taken at Enterprise, Fla., by Mr. H. G.
Hubbard is the only species recorded from the United States. Species
of Embidina are so rare that few American entomologists have seen
them; the concluding part of Dr. Hagen’s memoir however giving the
family characters, notes on systematic position, habits, distribution &c.,
is of special value and interest to all students,

Dr. Hagen with his unrivalled knowledge and material owes science
the elaboration of the American species of Neuroptera and we hope this
paper may be taken as an assurance that the work will not be left to less
skilled hands.

On the American species of the genus Utetheisa, Huelner.
By H. B. Morscuier, Kronfoerstchen bei Bautzen.

Mr. Stretch in his valuable work “Illustrations of Zygznide and
Bombycidz of North America” describes three species of Uésheisa, viz:
bella Linn., speciosa Walker, and ornafrix Linn. Besides this he men-
tions a fourth species or variety, and he gives beautiful figures of all.
The author is doubtful whether these formsare specifically distinct, or
merely varieties of one species.

It seems indeed difficult to decide this question, for the preparatory
stages of ded/a alone are known. But even if known, the larve might dif-
fer in size and color without proving the distinctness of the imago, for
the larva of a species often varies under the influence of food and climate,

I shall attempt to clear the subject as far as possible at present, and
detail the descriptions: Linne described two species, ée//a and ornairix,
placing them in the Noctuide. Cramer also describes and figures them,
but he mistook de//a, and mixed two species under this name, that form
being figured as de//a, which Walker afterwards described as sfeczosa.
Cramer says, Vol. II, p. 20, ‘‘Le fond des ailes superieures des males est
pour lordinaire d’une jaune obscure ou orange, tandisque les femelles
comme celle nous representons ici, ont ce fond rouge. On le trouve
dans l’amerique meridionale, a la New York, et dans I’ Isle Jamaique.”
This description proves that Cramer saw only males of the yellow Jed/a
and females of the red speczosa. It seems also that later authors, Hiib-
ner, Herrich-Schaeffer, Walker and Stretch, have not compared Cramer's
description and figures of de//a otherwise they would not have cited pl.
109, f. C, D, as dela L. . It is most strange that Walker has not cleared
up this matter, for he describes the form figured by Cramer as a new
species under the name sfeczosa, and yet cites the figure with de//a L.

If we compare only a few specimens of these two species, and of or-
nairix there seems to be considerable difference between them; but with
a great number of specimens for comparison there are specimens grading
from one into the other. My friend Dr. Staudinger was kind enough to
send me all the specimens of his rich collection for comparison, and these
with my own collection gave 35 examples for comparison, viz: 10 dedla,
22 speciosu, and 20 ornatrix from various parts of North and South
America and the West Indies.

I compare della from the United States, and from Cuba, speciosa
from. Cuba, St. Domingo and Jamaica W. I., and ornafrixv from Panama,
St. Croix, and St. Kitts, W. I., Surinam, Columbia and Peru.

If we carefully compare the three species we will observe certain
peculiarities of maculation common to all, viz: primaries having four
black dots at the costa, extended to rows of dots in de//a and sfectosa; a

Entomologica Americana, Vol TU. 11 July 1886.

subterminal row of black dots, a sinrilar series at the outer margin, and
two black spots near the tip of the wing. Beneath, the primaries are deep
red with three black spots at the costa, sometimes appearing as broken
bands, an interrupted black subterminal band crosses the wing, and
there is a row of black dots at the outer margin. Secondaries with a nar-
row or wide black outer margin, widest at the apex where it incloses a
white or pale red spot, and having usually an inward dilation of this
black margin beyond the middle. Palpi, head, thorax, and abdomen
white, the former with black spots, the abdomen unspotted above, be-
neath with two rows of black dots. Prothorax and pategia with a yellow
or red spot on each side. The differences between these species are that
della has yellow primaries with six transverse bands, each containing a
series of black dots, while sfeczosa is vermillion, the bands as in Jéedla,
The secondaries of these two species are pink. Ormairix has pale flesh
colored primaries, the costa narrowly and interruptedly vermillion, the
pale spaces with black costal dots, and there are also usually two black
dots beyond the middle of the wing: these are, however sometimes want-
ing. The subterminal row of dots is in an obsolete white band, and be-
tween that and the series of dots at the outer margin, is a narrow broken
band of vermilion. Beneath, the primaries are as in de//a and sfeczosa.
Secondaries white, the black outer margin generally very wide. Beneath
the costa is pink.

It does not seem to be doubtful that here are three specifically
distinct forms, should the differences be constant; but as already men-
tioned, there are specimens which prove that these species merge one
into the other. These I shall describe as far as I can compare them,

All specimens from the United States which I saw were true Jded/a,
but a specimen from Cuba varies toward sfecosa in that the primaries
show rosy hue. ‘The second example from Cuba is most interesting
for it at once merges sfeczosa and ornairix. The primaries are white with
a rosy hue; the first and fourth bands only are perfect and run to the
inner margin, the second and third only as costal spots, and all are
yellow with a slight reddish hue, as is the stripe near the outer margin.

Secondaries partly rosy, partly white, the latter color near the hind
margin. ‘This specimen approaches Stretch’s fig. 17 of pl. II, but the
spots of the primaries are yellow, not red, and the secondaries have the
black outer margin more narrow, and the rosy hue more extensive.

The examples of speczosa from the West Indies vary considerably:
some have vermillion primaries and sharply limited white bands, while
others have white primaries with small and obsolete red bands, and
sometimes the bands are broken into spots.

With regard to orna/rix, all examples from the mainland are true to
type, and vary very little, —specimens from Peru only showing a more

——/ >

dusky tint. But the exampics from the West Indies seem to run more
or less into speciosa. ‘There are specimens from St. Croix and St, Kitts,
different only from the South American ornaérix by the beginning of red
longitudinal stripes on the primaries, while others show these stripes
wider and broader, until the red color is extended by degrees over the
whole wing.

The most striking specimen, from St. Croix, has quite red primaiies,
the base is white, three sharply defined white bands run from costa to
middle of wing, the subterminal white band is distinct, all the bands
contain black spots, and there are also a few white, rounded spots; one
opposite the first band, near the inner margin; one opposite the second
band in the middle of the wing, and 2 smaller spots, enclosing black
dots between the third ands.t. band. Secondaries white, with black
outer margin as in ormairix. ‘There is no doubt that these examples are
transitions from orna/rix to speciosa. It is a fact well known to Entomo-
logists, that the insular climate influences the size and color of some in-
sects; and this seems to take place with these species to a considerable
degree. ella seems to be the Northern form which flies from the At-
lantic States to Texas, where it is replaced by ornafrix, the Southern form,
and this reaches into South America, and also appears in the West
Indies But it is variable in the small Islands, and fluctuates more or
less between the mainland form, sand the insular sfeczosa.

Speciosa is the insular form and remains constant in the largest
Islands, becoming variable in the smaller ones, and there it sometimes
merges into ée//a, Among the specimens of sfeczosa in Dr. Staudinger’s
collection, there are two labeled ‘‘Bogota”. They are collected by
Baron von Nolken, and it seems doubtful whether this labelling is cor-
rect, because neither Dr. Staudinger nor myself ever got speciosa from
South America, Mr. Nolken on his way to Bogota also collected in
Jamaica, and it is possible that these two specimens. were caught in this
Island and not in South America, and that the labelling was done by
mistake. |

Finally I shall attempt to rectify the synonomy of this species, for
Linne described ornafrix before de//a, and the former name must be ac-
cepted for the species and de//a must be applied as one of its varieties.

U. ornatrix Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 837 (1767); Fab.; Drury; Hb.; Westwood;
Wik., List 567; Stretch, Illustr., p. 56, Pl. II, fig. 18.

Habitat: Texas, Mexico, West Indies, South America.

Var. bella Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 885 (1767); Fab.; Dru.; Westwood; Morris;

Harris; Packard; Grote; Cramer, Vol. II, p. 20, (in part); Wlk., List, p. 568;

Stretch, Illustr., p, 56, Pl. ll, fig. 15.
Habitat: N. Amer,, Canada to Texas, Cuba, W. Ind. (merging into specios«).
Var. speciosa Wlk., List, p. 568 (1854); Clem., Syn. Lep. North Am., app.
p. 314 (1862); Stretch, Illustr., p. 57, Pl. Il, fig. 16; bella Cram., Vol. III, p. 20
(in part), Pl. 109, figs. C.D. (1779); Hb. Verz., p. 168 (1816).

Notes on Hylesinus aculeatus and Phloeosinus dentatus.

By WarrEN Knaus, Salina, Kansas.

The Scolyfde are but sparsely represented in the culeopterous fauna
of Kansas. This scarcity is accounted for in great part by the absence
of forests over the greater part of the State; the natural home of these
Coleoptera being beneath the bark of shrubs and trees, where a large
part of the imaginal, and the whole of the larval life is passed.

Of the seven or eight species of this family in this State, as given in
the various Reports of the Kansas Academy of Science, but three have
come under my personal observation, and but one (P. den/fa/us) has
actually been observed at work.

The burrows of a Scody/id in an ash post, which I supposed was the
work of the ‘‘Ash Bark Borer”, came under my observation about one
year ago, The work however, was not recent and no specimens were
obtained. Specimens of the sculpture were retained, but efforts to find
more recent work were not successful until about the middle of July,
1885, when I secured well preserved specimens, though dead, of an in-
sect, from ash posts, near Stockton,. Rooks County, and Edmond,
Norten County. These specimens proved on identification to be
Hiylesinus aculeatus Say. No growing trees were found which had been
attacked, and those only were selected that were already in a decaying
condition,

The burrows of this insect were almost facsimiles in every particular,
consisting of a larger central channel from 25 to 100 mm. in length and
1 mm, in width, made by the female, the young larve eating its way
outward from this channel, the larval channels constantly enlarging
during the larval life, and sinking a little deeper in the wood as the
pupa state is reached. These larval channels are from 5 to 45 mm. in
length and from $ to 1 mm. in width. The central channel is usually
slightly sinuous, being governed to some extent by the surface of the
wood and the number of beetles at work, they never coming in contact.
At about midway of the central channel there is in every instance a
change of direction, —a curve, sometimes hardly perceptible, at other
times and usually, very marked. The lateral larval channels extend
outward at right angles from the central channel, and are about one third
the length of the former, that varying from one to three inches in length.

In November 1885, live specimens of this insect were taken from
ash trees in the western part of Davis County. The bark of these trees
had apparently been abraded about a month previous, and_ had been at
once attacked by Aylesinus aculeatns. Large numbers of these had

eaten their way from } to 1 inch under the bark from point of entrance
and had gone into winter quarters.

Probably the most destructive bark borer known in this State is the
Phileosinus dentatus Say. Its attacks, so far as observed,—are confined to
the evergreens,—junipers and arbor vite.

This insect was first noticed in Salina the summer and fall of 1884,
attacking the junipers on the grounds of a number of the residents of the
city. They were then in great numbers, many trees having been entirely
destroyed, and others badly injured. The damage was done entirely by
the perfect beetle, no larvae having been observed. The injury was al-
most invariably confined to the base of the lateral offshoots of the branch-
es of the tree, the beetle burrowing under the bark, and eating around
the base of the twig, causing its destruction. Every twig from the trunk
outward would be attacked, and a few burrows were also observed on the
stems or trunks of the trees themselves. No primary gallery of the per-
fect insect has been found to exceed three-quarters of an inch in length.
I have found no secondary or larval galleries.

Packard, in his ‘‘Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees’’ says
he has observed this insect as early as the 1st of May. I have never ob-
served it making attacks earlier than the 1st of September, continuing
until the latter part of October.

The attacks of this insect are made on healthy trees, and I have
seen no less than fifteen cedars entirely killed in the Public Square of
Clay Center, Kansas, that would average six inches in diameter at the
base. This Scolyfd is not a native, but has been introduced in cedar
posts brought to the lumber yards from Michigan and Arkansas. I have
examined posts from Arkansas which contained the perfect beetle, (but
dead), larvee,and pupz. When these pupz had completed their trans-
formations, cedars in close proximity to the lumber yard were at once
liable to attack.

The primary gallery of this insect as examined in Arkansas cedars
is short and straight, being from 18 to 25 mm. in length, and 3 mm. in
width, The gallery widens at one end into a trilobed chamber twice as
wide as the main gallery, The number of lateral or secondary galleries
on each side varies from 15 to 60. These secondary galleries are from
z to I mm. in width, and those arising near the ends of the main gallery
are about 45 mm, in length; those arising near the middle are about one
half as long.

The burrows are about one half in the wood and one half in the
bark. The secondary galleries rarely cross each other, and when they
do, it is owing to some inequality in the surface of the wood, or the
close proximity of the burrows.

This bark borer is not without its enemies. I found fully one half
the pups cases examined, contained nothing but the remains ofa para-
site that had destroyed the pupa, and had itself failed to escape. The
perfect fly was also seen passing over the surface of the bark, seeking a
favorable point to make an attack on her victim. Specimens of this fly
were sent to Mr. L. O. Howard, Assistant U.S. Entomologist, who pro-
nounced it a Chalcid fly belonging to the genus Sfaéhius.

FOOD-PLANTS OF LEPIDOPTERA. Jo. 4.
(Datana ministra, Dru.)
By Wn, BruTENMULLER.

Tiliacee. Oicrcus palace eing (Reena)
Tilia Americana, L. (Basswood.) ea ESOS tas Oe al)
aye pedunculata, Willd. (English
<< heterophylla, Vent. (White Bass- Oak.)
wood.) a6 3 ae
a liflor al. S 4
«¢ Europaea, L. (European Linden.) aan pce a ae
“© alba, Waldst & Kit. (White Lin-~ Lo Rees
¥ dene) Castania vesca, Gaert. (European
Rosacez, Chestnut.)
Prunus cerasus, Juss. (Common Gar- &e ‘© vy. Americana, De Cand
den Cherry.) (American Chestnut. )
Pyrus malus, Tourn. (Common Apple) «© pumila, Mil. (Chinquapin.)
Cydonia vulgaris, Pers. ( ‘* Quince.) Fagus ferruginea, Ait. (Red Beech.)
Juglandacee. *« sylvatica, L. (European Wood
Juglans cinerea, L. (Butternut.) Beech. )
« nigra, L, (Black Walnut. ) “ “ yar, purpurea, Ait. (Purple
Carya alba. Nutt. (Shell Bark Hickory) Beech. )
<< microcarpa, Nutt. (Small Fruit- & «« « cuprea, Lodd. (Copper
ed Hickory.) Beech.)
«* sulcata, Nutt. (Western Shell & «© «© Jaciniata, Lodd. (Cut
Bark Hickory.) leaved Beech.)
“ amara, Nutt. (Bitter Nut Hick- Corylus Americana, Walt. (American
: F : é oy) Hazel.)
‘«« porcina, Nutt. (Pig-nut Hickory) “* avellana, L. (European Hazel. )
Cupulifere. Carpinus Americana, Michx. (Horn
Quercus alba, L. (White Oak.) bea
«¢ gbtusiloba, Michx. (Obtuse- Bei
leaved Oak.) Cree hae
«* — macrocarpa, Michx. (Mossy- Betula alba, L. (White Birch. )
cup Oak.) «yar. populifolia, Spach. (Am.
P P Pp
«© coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) White Birch, )

«¢ yubra, L. (Red Oak). ** papyracea, Ait. (Paper Birch.)

Scent-Organs in some Bombycid Moths.
By Joun B. Smiru.

At intervals during the past year or two, isolated observations have
been made of peculiar filamentary processes protruding from the abdomen
of the male of some of our common bombycids, ZLeucarctia acrea and
Scepsis fulvicollis being the observed species. Not long since, I describ-
ed a peculiar abdominal character in the male of Cosmosoma omphale;
and the recent capture and examination of specimens of Leucarcha acrea
has enabled me to add something to the knowledge of the structure in
that species. Between the seventh and eighth ventral segments is a
narrow opening, entirely invisible in the dried insects, but readily discern-
ed on a slight pressure of the abdomen in the fresh specimen. This open-
ing extends back about an eighth of aninch, and, on being carefully
pried open, shows two closely folded tufts of fine blackish hair. Pressure
upon the abdomen will generally force out these tufts, and, if rightly
applied, will result in the extension of two orange tentacle like struct-
ures, fully halfan inch in Jength, united at the base, and spreading
backward and outwardly in a gentle curve. The tufts of hair diminish
as the tentacles are extended, the individual hairs occupying small but
distinct papillze on the sides, until, when fully extended, they are evenly
distributed around them, and no trace of the brush-like tuft remains.
If the pressure be removed, the tentacles contract, the hairs again form-
ing a tuft,

Specimens of Pyrrharcha
tsabella. when closely examin-
ed, showed a similiar abdomi-
nal structure; but here there
were four tufts extended in-
stead uf two, and in color they
were snow-white. Properly ap-
plied pressure resulted in the
inflation, first, of two basal

sacs, which, when fully dila-
ted, could be compared to
nothing better than the ends of

1. Leucarctia acraea. 2. Pyrrhaitia isabella. ¢wo thumbs pointing in oppo-
site directions, the hairs of two of the tufts arranged rather densely on
the convex outer surface. From the middle of the lower edge of these
sacs there extended two tentacles similar to those in acr@a, but not so

long; and instead of being evenly clothed with hair, in this species the

—o=

lower portion only has the papillae and hairy surface. The sacs and
tentacles here are whitish, instead of orange, as in acrea. The
processes of the latter species have a most remarkable resemblance .
to the tentacles of the larva of Papilio asferias, both in color and in shape.
In both species an intense odor, somewhat like the smell of laudanum,
is apparent when first the tentacles are exposed; and there is no reason-
able doubt but that they are odor-glands, though exactly what purpose
they serve is not so clear. In closely allied species no trace of this struct-
ure has been detected. Several fresh specimens of several species of
Arctia, Spilosoma virginica, and Hyphaniria textor showed no trace of it;
and no dry specimens of any other species thus far examined have a
similar structure,

Some years ago Mr. Morrison observed and described the structure
in acrea and mentions having found similar structures in Agrofs plecta
and Luplexia lucipara. ‘This I have not been able to verify. Prof. Riley
has described similar structures in A/e/a xylina, and probably a consider-
able number of other species will be found to have them.

Notes on Geotrypes Opacus, ald.
By ALFRED W. JONES, Salina, Kans.

I do not know as to the relative rarity of this species, but from the
fact of always finding a ready exchange for it, I suppose it is not very
common,

I have almost always taken it, where I have found no other scaveng_rs
at work, except Aphodius, and a few Staphylinus perhaps, and I have al-
ways taken it either very early in spring or late in the fall.

Generally I have taken it on low bottom land, or on sand bars in
the river, where cattle are wont to drink: here I have taken most
of the specimens, and I have taken them at the very water’s edge where
they had burrowed down into sand that was saturated with water. But
I never found more than three or four in one place until last November,
when in company with Mr. Warren Knaus, I drove to Manhattan and back
from Salina, On our trip going down I saw a specimen crawling along
in the road, and stopping to get it, I observed some fresh manure which
yielded several specimens. Thinking we had procured all of them, we
drove on, but returning about a week later we stopped to examine the
very same place, and though at first it appeared as if it were a useless
search, Mr. Knaus said that he saw several burrows going down into the
sand and meant to find out what was there. He dug down nearly a foot
with no success before he threw out one, and then ina few minutes we
had eleven specimens in the Cyanide bottle.

Ee

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S.
(Continued from p. 63.)
TRAGIDION, Serv.
Contains three species in which the prothorax is moderately punc-
tured and the scutellum small, broad y triangular, almost rounded. The
thorax and elytra are conspicuously pubescent concealing the punctures.

SYNOPSIS OF TRAGIDION.
Elytra sulcate.

anditarst wider: antennce annulate: ..... . /qaeeieeios uasac ema: annulatum.
ond tarsinarrower, antennse blacks. « ...... gee etalon) ck elehelone c coquus.
Bivitraneven, NOt SuICAtC lab. </=)\s cla <icie = /-!~) <1) ~\ «| SEMEN PS IAL-Y slot shol ol aie taiSicicl- armatum.

T. annulatum Lec. Proc. Acad: Phil. 1858, p. 83. eneth .80 in. = 20 mm.
Hab. Arizona, Cal., Texas, N. Mex.

Black, antennz yellow with scape and tip of each joint black,
elytra densely clothed with fulvous pubescence, basal line and humeri
black. (PI, III, f. ro.)

T. coquus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. X, p. 393; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, II, 1850, p.
10; lyncewm Fab. Syst, Ent. p. 191; Ge Ent, IV, 67, p. 37, t. 14. f. 97- Casteln
Hist. Nat. Il. p. 452; Melsheimeri Germ, Ins. Spec. nov. p. 502. Length .60 in. =
15mm. Hab. Atlantic and Southern States, Tex., Col.

Var. fulvipenne Say, Journ. Ac, Phil. III, 1823, p. 414; Lec. Journ. Ac. P. ser.
2, II, p. 10. Length tin. =25 mm. Hab. Ills., Col., N. J., Utah, La., Mo., Tex.
Arkansas.

T. coguus is entirely black except a spot of orange on each elytron
near the base,

T. fulvipenne is larger and the elytra are entirely clothed with ful-
vous hair.

A specimen in the collection of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, has the elytra
suffused with black, except where the spots occur in coguus. presenting a
form precisely intermediate.

It is now considered a variety of coguus.

T. armatum Lec. J. A. P. V, 1, 1858, p. 25; Lacord. Gen. Col. IX, 1869, p.
174. not. Length iin. =25 mm. Hab. California, Texas.

Color as in annulatfum, but the elytra are smooth and the lateral
spine of thorax is even more marked than in the other species of the
genus.

PURPURICENUS, Serv.

Thorax coarsely punctured with a small lateral spine. Scutellum

moderate, broadly triangular, acute at tip. Elytra not pubescent.
SYNOPSIS OF PURPURICENUS.

ieramentinely glaplcee seis. 4 .kisis eo... < . MRMAR ENE eed o's) ceg humerailis.

Ete efeleistchekatsls(cidisi= os «so \c io Me menemR RIS WRT. as Dnt dimidiatus.

Entomologica Americana, Vol TI, 12 July 1886.

Pa); jaa

P. humeralis Fab. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 143; Bland, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. I,
1862, p. 276. var. Length .50-.64 in.=13-16 mm. Hab. Atlantic States, Ohio to Mo.

Entirely black except the elytra, which bear a reddish humeral
space, defined by a line running from scutellum to middle of outer mar-
Sinise Me pak, ie TR)

Variety axillaris Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, 1847, p. 31; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2.
II, p. 11, N.Y., Pa., Texas. Mass.

The red space is larger and the punctuation not so coarse.

P. dimidiatus Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. NII, p. 23. Length .72in.=18mm.
Hab. Yreka Cal.

Black except disk of thorax and anterior half of elytra, Punctuation
also more coarse than in Aumeralis. ;

METALEPTUS, Bates.

This genus. recently added to our list by the occurrence of two spe-
cies in Arizona and Southern California, is allied to Purpuricenus and
differs in the absence of antennal tubercles in {‘ and in the pubescent

surface. Two species may be separated thus:
Apices of elytra conjointly rounded; more coarsely punctured ............ Batesi.
Apices of elytra sinuously truncate; less coarsely punctured............ angulatus.

M. Batesi Horn Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, p. 174. Length .40-.52 in. =1o-
13mm. Hab. Arizona.

Black, sparsely clothed with grav pubescence, elytra at base and en-
tire lateral margin red.

M. angulatus Chev. Col. Mex. Cent. I, f. 4, n. 83. Length .40-52 in, = 1o-
13mm. Hab. Mexico, So. Cal.

To be distinguished only by characters of table above. (PI. II, f. 12)

AETHECERUS, Chev.

Thorax finely punctured; scutellum small, rounded at tip. The fol-
lowing synopsis is extracted from Dr. Horn’s paper, Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc. VIII, 1880, p. 133, where a full discussion of this and other genera
may be found.

SYNOPSIS OF AETHECERUS,

Thorax broader than long; elytra truncate at tip.
Elytra feebly shining, the punctures near the apex not densely placed; thorax not

maculae, ..< \eidiec disc eet Sere sy RIM La oT Gis, <i oh olen 7s eee Wilsonii.
Elytra opaque, punctures near apex very fine and densely placed; thorax with two
discal black ‘Spots....2 <0. )\.\s5, spe peemeeeleteboie teres aes) 2 fo evers%e bie) aie eee Hornii.
Thorax as long as broad, elytra rounded at tip...................... latecinctus.

A. Wilsonii Horn Proc. Ac. Phil. 1860, p, 570, pl. VIII, fig. 4. Length .60
in.=15 mm, Hab. Ariz., Texas.

A. Hornii Lec. Gen. Col. IX, p. 184. Length .60in. =15 mm. Hab. Fla.

A. latecinctus Horn Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. VIII, p, 134. Length .40-.60 in.
= 10-15mm. Hab. Arizona. (PI. II, fig. 13.)

MANNOPHORUS, Lec.

The thorax is closely and moderately coarsely punctate and the scu-
tellum is moderately large, broadly triangular and nearly round behind.

M. laetus Lec, Proc. Ac. Phil. VI, 1853, p. 442. Length .5-.6 in.=13-15 mm.
Hab, Texas.

Black, beneath sparsely pubescent, above not at all, thorax red,
elytra black or bluish black, densely punctate with two yellow elevated
lines on each. Varieties occur with lines shortened and with a black
spot on thorax.. (Pl. II, fig. 14.)

A variety has recently appeared on the Mexican Boundary in Texas
having the elevated lines of elytra black, smooth like the typical form but
without a trace of usual color.

ENTOMOSTERNA, Chev.

Closely resembling the preceeding in form and /schnocnemis in
coloration of elytra, The thorax is however rounded on the sides and
not narrowed in front, and is blue in color, quite bright in fresh speci-
mens, nearly black in old specimens. The vitta of elytra are quite as
bright as in /schnocnemis.

E. cyanicollis Dup. Mag. Zool. 1838, Cl. IX, p. 59, t. 220, f. 2; Lacord. Gen.
Col, IX, 1869, p. 184, not. 3. Length .5-.6 in,.=13-15 mm, Hab. Tex. Ariz.

AMANNUS, Lec.

The characters of this genus have been well defined in the table of
genera, ‘The species are as follows:

Black, beneath gray, abdomen with shining denuded spots........... ae Mittigiers
Black, beneath testaceous except postpectus and legs black; femora testaceous at
SESS. cette DOOR OC OCIES GET OREECrITC. < -: - > Saar ESE eO GUM Hee Ser pectoralis.

Aewittieer (ec, J. A. P. ser, 2, IL, p. 2geuength .431n. == 11mm. Hab:
Llano Estacado, Texas and New Mexico.

This insect is entirely clothed with pale pubescence except as_indi-
cated above, and om the elytra which beara narrow black dorsal vitta
abbreviated in front and have the suture and margin also blackish. The
thorax is punctured except an obsolete dorsal callus, and is narrowed in
front and rounded on sides. The elytra are closely punctured, obsolete-
ly bicostate and broadly truncate at apex.

A. pectoralis Lec. lc. Length .27ins.=8mm. Hab. Fort Yuma Cal. Col.

The head is variegated with piceous, the vitta of the elytra testaceous,
clouded behind, and the the lateral margin fuliginose. The thorax is
cylindrical and the apices of elytra separately rounded. The general ap-
pearance of the species of this genus suggests Sphaenoshecus.

(To be continued, )

Society News.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. June 2d, 1886. —Twelve members
present. Mr. E. A. Schwarz, of Washington was proposed as a member of the
Society by Mr. Smith and on motion was duly elected. Mr. Hulst read a short
extract from a paper by Prof. Fernald, recommending for sugaring molasses
only, without any admixture of beer orrum. Mr. Weeks read a paper from Mr.
H. B. Moeschler, on the American species of Utetheisa,* and another from Mr. J.
B. Smith on some peculiar characters in some ({' Arcliids.t Healso read a short
note on his experience in collecting under decayed turnips, and a life history of
Botis erectalis. After some general discussion and exhibitions of specimens the
meeting adjourned until September.

Entomological Society of Washington. June 3, 1886. Mr. Smith exhiliied
male specimens of Leucarctia acraea and Pyrrharetia isabella with a peculiar in-
flated provess extruded between the 7th and 8th ventral segments of the abdo-
men and described the structure and how discovered.**

Mr. Schwarz spoke on an observation made by Mr. Smith and himself
during the month of April in régard toa new food-plant Pieris rape; egg and
young larve having been found on Barbarea vulgaris. He thinks that the first
annual generation of this Pieris is passed upon some wild Cruciferous plantand
that Barbarea vulgaris will be found to be one of the principal food-plants of the
larvae thus early in the season.

Mr. Lugger made some remarks on introduced Coleoptera. A few speci-
mens of the European Aphodius erraticus were first found by him in 1878 in the
droppings of the Virginia Deer in Druid Hill Park, Baltimore, Md. Since that
time the species has spread and is now so common in all sorts of excre-
ments that it has actually replaced the formerly common A, fimetarius. A spe-
cimen of Agra wnea, a native of Surinam anda number of South American Cer-
ambycide were found at Baltimore, but invariably in the vicinity of the whartfs.

Mr. Lugger further described the fertilization of the common Lady’s Slipper
Cypripedium acaule by a species of Andrena, and also mentioned the fact that
the seeds of the Hard Maple, so numerous in the Smithsonian Grounds, were
this year uniformly sterile. He attributes this phenomenon to the inclement
weather during the flowering season which prevented bees from visiting the
flowers.

A number of smaller communications followed: Mr. Lugger on a ease of
faulty instinct in a Tachina fly which had oviposited upon the hard body of
Rhodobeenus 13-punctatus; Dr. Marx on the occurance of the European peira
diademata in Minnesota, Mr. Howard on the muscular force exhibited by a spe-
cies of Canthon; Mr. Schwarz on the abundance of several species of Lachnos-
terna during the present season, and on the Braconid parasite of Pissodes strobi;
Mr. Howard on Epicauta cinerea being attracted by light; Mr. Smith on the
blistering power of one of our common Meloids.

* See ante p. 65. + See ante p. 79.
** For more detailed description and figures see p. 79 ante,

af ‘esi t
iM i
De )
‘vn, q AS

fi y iM t
Ny eae
N¢ i ' y

» yh

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, VOI. I], AUGUST 1886, PLATE IV.

Geo F. Kt Kins oni: Sear

VOL. I. _ BROOKLYN, AUGUST, 1886. NO. 9.

Larva of Aphorista Vittata, Fair. © 7 ™ \
By Joun B, Smiru.

Early in November 1885, Mr. E. A Schwarz and myself while col-
lecting in Virginia found under a decaying log a number of larvee feeding
upon a mould fungus. Close search revealed a few very fresh specimens
of Aphorista (Mycetina) vittafa, and as the larva agreed closely with that
of Epipocus discoidalis in Dr. Riley’s collection which Mr. Schwarz had
collected in Texas, it was assumed that the larva was that of A. wiffafa—a
supposition which was verified by afterward obtaining the pupa, though
none were found at this time.

Larva of all sizes were found, the largest—mature as it proved— a—
bout 8 mm. in length, and, as they appeared with retracted head and
somewhat curled, about half as broad as long. ‘They were of a dirty
blackish brown color above, dirty yellowish white beneath, flattened
though yet rather stout. and furnished at the sides of abdomen with a
double row of lateral appendages, the upper dorsal, but at the extreme
side of the segment; the lower ventral: the stigmata are situated between
these appendages. The thoracic segments have only one of these lateral
appendages, as has also the anal segment. The form of these append-
ages and their proportion and situation are well enough shown by the ac-
companying figure, and require no detailed description. The head is
small, retracted, and usually not visible from above, in the living insect.
The antennz are short with a small thick socket joint, a very short 2nd
joint, a long, cylindrical, somewhat tapering terminal joint, which is fur-
nished with a few scattered hairs, and has at tip a small tubercle, making
really a fourth joint. Ocelli, three on each side; one before, and two

26 Oa

behind the base of the antennz. ‘The mouth parts are proportionately
very small, and so sunken that they are difficult to dissect out, The
figure will render detailed description unnecessary. The maxillz
in the figure are separated from the labrum: naturally, they are bent in-
ward above, so that only the palpi are visible. The macxillz are rather
sparingly clothed with rather thick bristles diverging to all sides; the pal-
pi are three jointed, the basal joint very thick and short, the second still
shorter and not so thick, the 3d longer than the other two combined and
much more slender. The labial palpi are two jointed, the terminal joint
obliquely truncate. The head is equally and somewhat sparsely covered
with punctures from each of which arises a bunch of hair spreading fan-
like toward the tip, as shown in the figure. The lateral appendages are
densely clothed with the same fan-like hair tufts, inserted also in distinct
punctures. ‘The pro-thorax above is covered in the same way, except
near the base and in the depressed central furrow, ‘The meso-, and meta-
thorax have on each side a somewhat depressed, harder, more shining
scute or plate, also punctured and furnished in the same way with hair
tufts. The abdominal segments except the 8th and gth have each two
smaller, ovate scutes of the same nature, each side of the middle. On
the 8th segment the scutes are confluent, and cover a greater part of the
surface. The gth segment is equally punctured and furnished with
spreading sete.

er en snipe
HO EAS
ANNI} D

sof -
P ee i
27 | Aisin
rtfse ji
Ie ee
gale a ae
si Exo a! Abie, Aylp AGS

REA, geT ay
i Gh Fl

i

The segments are well marked, the sutures being deep, so that when
the insect is placed flat, they look like deep incisions, the sides declivous.

bg

Except the head and terminal segment, all others have a distinct longi-
tudinal furrow, deepest at the posterior portion. Except where punct
ured as shown in the figure, the upper surface is finely rugose or sha-
greened.

The figures will supply all details omitted here, better than descrip-
tive terms can do; the interesting peculiar features being the lateral ap-
pendages and the spreading tufts of hair arising from distinct punctures.
What purpose do they serve? . ;,

The pupa is equally peculiar, and is sufficiently described by the
figure. It is white, with a very faint vellowish tinge, the elytra tucked
in beneath the fore and median legs and over the posterior pair.

we ee ee
A Family of young trap-door Spiders.
(Fachylomerus carolinensis, Herz. )

By Gro. F. Arkrinson,

Two questions were asked by Mr. Moggridge about the habits of
young trap-door spiders. For the answer to these he was unable to
make any observations, so far as the record shows. ‘The questions are;
ist, do young trap-door spiders make nests like those of the parent with-
out being shown? 2nd, do the males of trap-door spiders make a nest
with a trap-door when very young? ‘To the first question we would al
most unhesitatingly reply in the affirmative, without direct observation.
In regard to the second, it is well known by those who have given much
attention to the habits of trap-door spiders, that the mature males, at
least, do not build trap-door nests, but seek a hiding place under stones,
logs, etc. |

There is also another question as to the constancy with which spe-
cies follow a uniform type in the construction of their nests. Some nat-
uralists make the different kinds of nests a partial basis for classification,
and others are looking for different characters manifested in the varia-
tions of the trap-door; whether the door is horizontal; the hinge lower
or higher than the distal part of the door; or the door sloping one
side, etc.

The object of this paper is to present the variations produced by a
family of 28 young trap-door spiders, in the building of their nests,
which I have carefully observed and noted. I trust also to show that,
from the labors of these little creatures, and of several mature ones, which
I have had in captivity, a great deal of light is thrown on the questions
stated above.

fe 5a

The family was captured by D. E. Woodly, Student, at Chapel
Hill, N. C, March 17, 1886, The mother had either deserted her child
ren, or had met with her death. ‘The tube was doorless and near a de-
caying stump. The 28 children were living peacefully together in the
silken cocoon which had contained the eggs at the bottom of the tube.
After keeping them together in a small vial for one day, I prepared a-
bottle of earth for each one. The bottles measure 114 inches in diame-
by thee inches deep. In each about 13 inches in depth of earth was
placed. ‘The earth was moist, loose, but smoothed over and gently
packed to furnish a smooth surface for operations.

The following table shows the time of beginning and completion of
the work of each. In column 4 is given the time when the work began
which was carried to completion. Some began work earlier than here in-
dicated but abandoned it.

Pee cs 4 5 6
No. Date |Time plac-|)Time when work Time when trap-/Time when trap-
‘Mar, ’86. ed in bottle. began, door was begun. (door wascompeted
| |
| |
I 18 5 p-m. | Unobserved. | Unobserved. | Unobserved.
2 ely Neos 00s i aw oF
3 is 5 p. m. ee “ce ee
|Mar. 19, 3.30 a.m. 5 a.m. 5-15 4.) mee
4 18 5 p.m: i io} masgahaaan Tiel Gea | 2 a.m,
Sila us) 5 p.m. £10; 2) 30rd aie 4.20 a, m, 5 a.m.
6 18 |10.30p.m,| ‘* 18, 11.15 a.m|Mar. 19, 12.30a.m I a.m.
| 40°09;3-55) a.m. 4.20 a. m.*
Flee len 10 |EO:Olp. mm. 11.30 p, m. «19, 12.30.a.m 2.30 a. m.
8 18 |10.30 p. m.|Mar. 19, 12.30a.m 3.20 a. m. 4 a.m.
9 18 10/20) p. mm. **) (fo; 2aamne er2O)as iis 4 a. m.
TON MeL, TO.30) ps m.|) “*" Lo} 7 aes 9 a.m. IO a. m.
II 19 4.10 p. m. 4.15 a. m. 5-55 p.m. 7-30 p. m.
12 19 4.10 p. m.|Mar. 20, II a. m. Unobserved. 2.30 p. m.
13 1g 4.10 p.m.| ** 19, 4.30 p.m. 5.50 p. m, 6.30 p. m.
14 19 4.10%p. m|, ‘* 20) 1@\akm: i p.m. 2.30 p. mw.
15 19 AIO p.m: <° To; 5.cSioem: Unobserved. Unobserved.
16 19 4.30 p. m. 5.15 p.m. 6.20p.m. | Unobserved.
17 19 4.30 p.m. 4.45p,m. | Unobserved. Unobserved.
18 19 4.30 p. m. 5-10 p. m, 5.50 p. m. 6.30 p. m.
19 19 6.30 p. m. 7.50 p.m. 9.15 p.m. Unobserved.
20 19 6.30 p. m. Unobserved. | Unobserved. Unobserved.
21 ite) 6.30 p. m, a ie es
22 19 6.30 p. m. g.20 p. m. es “i
23 19 Op: im: 9.50 p.m. yo ff
24. 19 9 p.m. 9.25 p. m. iy a
25 19 9 p.m. Unobserved, 5 34
26 19 9 p.m. |Mar, 20, 4 p. m. Not noted. Not noted.
27 19 OW p.m: “6 27, 10 paails iy oapent 5 p.m.
28 19 9 p.m. e<- 20, TO pram II a.m. IL.30 a, m.

* Nest was destroyed and another built.

Variations from the normal type. By the normal type is meant that
which seems to be the simplest, most nearly perfect, plan of construct-

8 gee ‘

ion, is followed by a majority of those ubserved, and seems to indicate a
natural instinct, a more, potent influence of inherited habit in some, while

in others the instinct seems to be latent at first and gradually unfolds
with the dawning of consciousness! According to the normal type, the
spider takes up pellets of earth with its mandible, and turning around
places them upon the soil by the side of the tube, which is being dug;
or carries or throws them toa short distance. Occasionally with its
spinerets itapplies viscid liquid to the pellets and edge of the tube. much
as an artificer would alternately place cement and bricks in the construct-
ion ofacolumn. The trap-door is builtin the same manner, by be-
ginning, at one side of the edge of the hole, a horizontal wall to which
particles are cemented and pressed in shape to make a flat, circular, lid
to the tube.*

By a study of Plate 1V we shall see some of the variations from the
normal types. Fig. 1, a, represents one of the spiders, natural size, 4,
section of a nest built after the normal type, door represented open, also
natural size. All of the other figures, except 15 and 16, are magnified.
In fig. 2, one side of tube, a, is extended above ground and carried over
the tube. The door, represented open, is hinged at 4; when closed it
slopes duwnwards from the hinge attachment, fig. 3. ‘This was the work
of No. 3. lhe arched wall from a, was pressed in shape in the same
way that the trap door is, so that when the spider began it at a, I thought
it had begun the trap-door, and made this entry in my notes. ‘‘At 4.30
door begun; two-thirds of the edge used for attachmert of the hinge,
making an awkward door.” When the hinge was made ut 4, it was easy
to see the arching of the wall was intentional, In fig. ro, the tube is curv-
ed above ground in a similar way, but the hinge is at one of the sloping
sides, making a door that swings to the right and left instead of up and
down, ‘This was made by No. 25. Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 represent the
work of No. 15. A trench was dug, using the excavated earth for a wall
on each side; the walls were then united by an arch over the middle, one
end closed and a trap-door made at the other end. _ Fig. 8, represents
the nest of No. 22, built in the same way as that of No. 15, except that
at a, the hole was not entirely closed. No. 13 built what is shown in
fig. 9g. A trench with a wall each side was first built; in the middle of
the trench was dug the tube and the door hinged at the base of one wail
at a, with the distal part of the door elevated at 6. Fig. 11, shows the
work of No. 24: a trench was dug by the side of the glass with
a wall on one side at a; on the other side earth was carried upon the side

* For description and illustration of the building of a nest and trap-door by this
species, see Amer, Nat. for July 1886.

of the glass and attached in small lumps at 4; c, represents the nest, a
small tower against the glass. Fig.-12, was made by No. 26.:: This is
interesting as being the only one showing the concentric “lines of growth”
usually noticed in the doors of nests that have been used fora year or so.
No. 14, first dug a shallow hole’as represented at 4, fig. 13; abandoning
this it dug another at c; it then removed the earth at ¢, making a trench;
next it began the tube at c. but soon abandoned it, began again at 4,
restored d, and completed the nest in the normal way. The following
table shows the varying positions of the door when closed.

Horizontal: Nos, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6,°Q;10, Ti, 12, 14/26, 18; 19, 2am,
230 129.020:

Sloping downward from hinge attachment: Nos. 3, 7, 8, 15, 17,

ine eal 0.
Rising from hinge attachment: No. 13.
Sloping door with hinge at one side: No. 25.
Table showing the kinds of nests.

Curved tube: Nos. 3, 8, 25.

Straight tube: Nos- 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19,
Boaimes.ie4, 20, 27, 28.

Trench with arched walls: Nos. 7, 15, 17, 22.

Nests of mature spiders, of this species, made in captivity present
some of the variations mentioned above, as also some of the nests found
in a state of nature.

~ One of the most interesting things which came under my observa-
tion during the work of these spiders was the varying potency of instinct
manifested in the aptness with which each performed the task of building
its home. ‘This will be best illustrated by giving a few of the. more
striking examples recorded in my notes.- No. 6, was placed in the bot-
tle at 10,30 p. m. and began digging the tube in the normal way at 11.15
p.m. It worked rapidly, sometimes taking up and unloading a pellet of
earth in 10 seconds, Indeed it worked with as much ease, accuracy, and
apparent thoughtfulness, as the mature one which I have described in
the Amer. Nat. ' Sometimes with its palpi it would flirt the pellet across
to the opposite side of the bottle. It began making the trap-door at
12.30 a.m. and completed it at 1 a.m; one hour and forty-minutes
from the time it began work, and two hours and thirty minutes from the
time it was placed in the bottle.* During the operation every movement
seemed to facilitate the work. No. 19, was-placed in the bottle at 6.30
‘p.m.: my notes’ read as follows:—‘‘Began digging tube in normal way at
7.50. Does not seem to be satisfied with work, and begins in another

* One completed the work i= hour and 30 minutes; and another 1 hourand 20m.

place. This is done several times: 9.15 began making trap-door,” ete.
No. 26 was placed in bottle at 9 p.m. Mar. rgth. Ati p.m. Mar. 20th
it began digging and soon abandoned this place for another. This it re-
peated as many as a dozen times. sometimes returning to the work and
tearing away at the soil as if in a frenzy, and impelled by some irresist-
able power. Then suddenly leaving the spot it would wander and en-
deavor to climb the side of the glass; when it would as suddenly be
seized with an irresistable inclination to tear away at the earth without
any seeming purpose. Occasionally it seemed to work with more de-
liberation as if it were gradually becoming conscious of a latent instinct-
ive power! At 4 p. m. it continued work in one place until the nest was
completed, but the door, which is represented in fig. 13, was barely hung
together and was loosely hinged by three strands. A few days later I
tore down this nest, when the spider went to work in the normal way and
built a perfect nest. Upon this point.alone it would be interesting to
follow carefully the notes I have taken on all, but I fear it would make
the article too long, so I will conclude this subject with reference to a few
others. One without digging in the normal way pressed the dirt aside;
buried itself,.and then spun a bag of silk surrounding it. When remov-
ed from this it went to work in the normal way. Several others acted
very much like this one, and No. 26. .

These variations could not be attributed to a difference in the na-
ture of the soil as in the case of variations noticed among adult spiders,
when the soil at times was ofa different character. Care was taken that
the soil should be of the same compactness and moisture for each. In
some cases a hard lump caused the spider to remove to another place, and
in one or two instances the spiders waited so long before beginning work
that the soil wastoo dry; pouring in water packed the earth too hard and
it was necessary to loosen it before the spider could take up apellet. With
close watching and due allowance for conditions just mentioned there
seems to be great variableness in the attitude which different voung indi-
viduals at first show in the construction of their nest. In some cases the
consciousness, if might so be called, of instinctive power flashes upon
them when they first are made to shift for themselves; while with others
there seems to be a greater or less development or dawning of the same
consciousness.

Mr. Moggridge also asks at which end of the tube the spider begins
to spin the silken linings? This species, so faras I have observed, (
have watched over thirty individuals, ) always begins at the upper end.
I had several opportunities of witnessing this among the young ones, and
one mature one, when the spinning of the lining was done very beauti-
fully. In fig. 14 a spider is represented in the act of spinning the silken

—g2—

lining at the upper part of the tube. When the viscid fluid coming from
the spinerets cools before it is applied to an object it forms a broad band
or ribbon as it might be called; by elevating and depressing the body
perpendicularly as shown in fig, 14, and touching the spinerets here and
there to the wall of the tube this ribbon of silk is fastened. By moving
around the tube at the same time the lining is made complete for
the perpendicular distance covered by the spider in its movements. Some-
times instead of elevating and depressing in the manner just described the
spider will move around the tube fastening the ribbon in circles.

Figs. 15 and 16 represent a novel way of excavating a hole which I

D 2) J 5
witnessed in the case of a mature spider. With its legs as supporters on
each side of the tube it would elevate its abdomen in the air and hook its
mandibles in the earth at the bottom of the hole; then revolving through
a quadrant about the axis at a, fig. 15, it would bring the earth to the
surface and push it off with its palpi as shown in fig. 16.

From this study we may conclude the young of trap-door spiders
build their nests instinctively; that males as well as females build trap-
door nests before the sexual character and habits are well developed,
which in the case of the males make a somewhat wandering habit neces-
sary in order to find the females; that young and old vary in making their
nests from the normal type, so that the position or relative sloping of the
door or tube could not be of any value in the classification; that this
species does not use its legs to aid in spinning the lining to its tube, and
that they spin the lining at the upper end of the tube first; and lastly that
they vary in the degree of skill manifested as artificers and the maturity
of instinctive power.*

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. a, Young trap-door spider, natural size. b, section of nest with open
door, built in normal way, also natural size. Figs. 2 and 3 curved tube with slant-
ing door. Fig. 4, trench with wall each side seen from one end. Icy. 5, arch con-
necting walls. Fig. 6, same, closed at one end. Fig. 7, same, witn trap-door built
at the other end. Fig. 8, another built on same plan, but the fir-t openin s not quite
closed, a loose flap ata. Fig. 9, tube dug between two walls, hinge at a, distal part
of door atb. Fig. 10, curved tube with door hung so as to swing to the right and
left. Fig, 11, section of bottle showing work of spider: a, wall, 6, pellets of earth
carried up and stuck to the glass, ¢, nest, a tower against the side of the bottle. Fig.
12, nest showing concentric ‘‘lines of growth,’’ in the trap-door. Fig. 13, b, first hole
dug by spider, c, second one, d, wall between which was removed making of the ex—
cavation a trench, subsequently d. was restored and nest built in normal way at /.

Fig. 14, spiders represented in act of spinning silken lining to the upper end of the
tube. Figs. 15 and 16, adult spider taking a novel method of excavating a hole.

Note.—tThe doors of all the young trap-door spiders’ nests are very thin, from
2 to 3 mm. in thickness. One spider worked so rapidly that it would sometimes
pick up and unload a pellet of earth in 8 seconds. Asa rule they required a much
longer time than this,

* All of the observations made use of in the preparation of this article were made
on individuals of the same species. Descriptions of the new species collected, their
nests, and food habits, I hope to have published in a subsequent article.

—~—O oe

Record of some Contributions tothe Literature of North
American Beetles published in 1885.
By SAMUEL HENSHAW.

(Continued from p. 71:)

eA. oe eee

CARABIDAE.

Cychrus regularis Lec. 79 p. 2 Id.; C. Rickseckeri Lec. 79 p. 2 Mont,—Calosoma
Morrisonii Horn 66 p, 128 Ariz.--Nebria parvula Sahlb. 101 p. 47 Amer. kuste d. Be-
ring—Str. —Pachyteles parca Lec. 79 p. 2 Ariz. —Feronia (Pseudocryobius) splendida
Sahlb. 101 p. 49 Amer. kuste d. Bering-Str.; F. epipleuralis Sahlb. 101 p. 49 Amer.
kuste d. Bering-Str.; F. plana Sahlb. 101 p. 50 Amer, kuste d. Bering-Str, —Amara
angustata Sahlb, 101 p. 51 Amer. kuste d. Bering-Str.—Stolonis Ulkei Horn 66 p.
129 Tex.—Platynus? quadrimaculatus Horn 66 p. 139 Ky.—Galerita decipiens Horn

66 p. 131 Ariz.—Lebia montana Horn 66 p. 131 Mont.; L. lecta Horn 66 p. 131
Fla.; L. scapula Horn 66 p. 132 Ariz.; L. depicta Horn 66 p. 133 Mont.; L. pectita
Horn 66 p. 133 pro vittatat; L. punctifera Lec. 79 p. 2 Ariz. —Chlaenius insperatus
Horn 66 p. 134 Ariz.—Brachylobus caurinus Horn 66 p. 134 Cal.,

SILPHIDAE,
Choleva alsiosa Horn 66 p. 136 Alaska, —Echinocoleus (n. g.) Horn 66 p. 136.;
E. setiger Horn 66 p. 136 Ariz.—-Ptomaphagus fissus Horn 66 p. 137 Ariz.; P. Ulkei
66 p. 137 D. C.—Hydnobius arizonensis Horn 66 p. 138 Ariz.

SCYDMAENIDAE.

Scydmaenus deformatus Horn 66 p. 138 Cal.

STAPHYLINIDAE.

Falagria occidua Casey 13 p. 285 Cal.; F. laticoliis Casey 13 p. 287 Cal.— Colusa
(n. g.) Casey 13 p. 288; C. gracilis Casey 13 p. 292 Cal.; C. eximia Casey 13 p. 293
Cal.; C. valida Casey 13 p. 294 Cal.; C. exilis Casey 13 p. 294 Cal.; C. grandicollis
Casey 13 p. 295 Cal.—Pontomalota (n. g.) Casey 13 p. 296; P. californica Casey 13
p. 298 Cal.; P. nigriceps Casey 13 p. 299 Cal.—Tachyusa experta Casey 13 p. 300
Cal.; T. lmearis Casey 13 p. 301 Cal.; TT. laticeps Casey 13 p. 302 Cal.; T. faceta
Casey 13 p. 302 Cal.; T. Harfordi Casey 13 p. 304 Cal.—Platyusa (n. g.) Casey 13
p. 305; P. sonomae Casey 13 p. 305 Cal.—Calodera attenuata Casey 13 p. 306 Cal.
—Ilyobates californicus Casey 13 p. 307 Cal.; I. nigrinus Casey 13 p. 308 Cal.—Ma-—
seochara californica Casey 13 p. 309 Cal.—Oxypoda insignis Casey 13 p. 310 Cal.—
Phytosus bicolor Casey 13 p. 311 Cal.; P. maritinus Casey p, 312 Cal.-—Belonuchus
‘pallens Sharp 41 p. 431 Tex. Mex. C. Amer.—Bryonomus (n. g.) Casey 13 p. 313
pro Cafius canescens and C, seminitens. —Cryptobium anceps Horn 63 p. go Ariz. ; C.
Lecontei Horn 63 p. 94 Tex. Kans.; C. vagum Horn 63 p. 95 Tex.; C. arizonense
Horn 63 p. 96 Ariz.; C. vitatum Horn 63 p. 96 Ariz.; C. ventrale Horn 63 p. 97
Ariz., C. properum Horn 63 p. tor Ariz.; C. nactum Horn 63 p. 102 Ariz.-—Oxy-
porus austrinus Horn 66 p. 135 Geo. —Phloeopterus longipalpus Casey 13 p. 318 Cal.
—Vellica (n. g.) Casey 13 p. 321; V. longipennis Casey 13 p. 321; Cal.—Lesteva trun-
cata Casey 13 p. 322 Cal.—Amphichroum maculatum Lec. 79 p. 3 Cal. Nev.—Ho-
malium algarum Casey 13 p. 316 Cal.; H. rugipenne Casey 13 p. 317Cal. —Eudectus
crassicornis Lec, 79 p. 4 La.—Protinus salebrosus Casey 13 p. 323 Cal.

Entomologica Americana, Vol TI. 14 August 1886.

TRICHOPTERYGIDAE.

Actidium robustulum Casey 13 p. 324 Cal.; A. granulosum Casey 13 p. 325
Cal.; A. attenuatum Casey 13 326 Cal.

CORYLOPHIDAE.
Corylophodes (n. g.) Matth. 89 p. p60 pro Arthrolips marginicollis et Corylo-
phus truncatus.
EROTYLIDAE.
Languria divisa Horn 66 p. 139 Col., N. Mex.

COLYDIIDAE.

Synchita dentata Horn 66 p. 139 Fla.-—S. obscura Horn 66 p. 140 D. C.; Dito—
ma quadricollis Horn 66 p 140 N. C.-—Coxelus serratus Horn 66 p. 142 Cal.—Las—
conotus vegrandis Horn 66 p. 140 Cal.; L. servus Horn 66 p. 141 Cal,

CRYPTOPHAGIDAE.
Cryptophagus beringensis Sahlb. 100 p. 29 Amer. sidan af Berings sund.

HISTERIDAE.
Ulkeus (n. g.) Horn 66 p. 142; U. intricatus Horn 66 p. 143 Kans. Tex.
LATHRIDIDAE.

Cartodera intermedia Belon 4 p. cxcii Amer. sept.

DASCYLLIDAE.
Euscaphurus (n. g.) Casey 13 p. 328; E. saltator Casey 13 p. 329 Cal.

ELATERIDAE.

Horistonotus vulneratus Horn 62 p. 35 Ariz.; H. palliatus Horn 62 p. 35 Ariz.;
H. basalis Horn 62 p. 36 Cal.; H. gracilis Horn 62 p. 39 Nev.; H. mitis Horn 62
p. 40 Ut.—Esthesopus praedilus Horn 62 p. 42 Tenn. Tex.; E. parcus 62 p. 42 Ariz. ;
E. dispersus Horn 62 p. 43 Tex. Ut. Ariz. Cal.; E. pusio Horn 62 p. 43 Fla.—Ap-
topus peregrinus Horn 62 p. 44 Tex.-Cryptohypnus barbatus Sahlb. 100 p. 30 Amer.
sidan af Berings sund,—Anchastus frontalis Horn 62 p. 49 N. Mex.—Elater insignis
Lec. 79 p. 11 Tex.; E. fastus Lec. 79 p. 11 Cal.; E. rubriventris Lec. 79 p. 12 N.
Mex.; E. melinus Lec. 79 p. 12 Cal.; E, ater Lec. 79 p. 12 Col.; E. longicornis Lec.
79 p. 12 Cal.; E. subtilis Lec. 79 p. 12 L. Sup.; E. lateralis Lec. 79 p, 12 Nev.; E.
ig eg Lec. 79 p. 12 Nev.; E. nevadensis Lec. 79 p. 13 Nev.; E. affinis Lec. 79
p. 13 W. T. Cal.—Drasterius asper Lec. 79 p. 5 Tex.; D. Saise ine Lec. 70 pray ebexs
D. debilis Lec. 79 p. 5 L. Sup.—Megapenthes nigriventris Lec. 79 p. 7 Cal. W. T.;
M. lepidus Lec. 79 p. 7 Cal.—Ludius pinguis Horn 62 p. 47 Or.—Agriotes eee
fectus Lec. 79 p. 16 Cal.; A. sparsus Lec. 79 p. 17 Or. W. T.; A. hispidus Lec. 79
p. 17 Cal.; A, nevadensis Lec. 79 p. 17 Nev.; A. apicalis Lec. 79 p. 18 Cal.; A. tor-
quatus Lec. 79 p. 18 Cal.; A. montanus Lec. 79 p. 19 Id. Wy.—Leptoschema (n.g.)
Horn 62 p. 50 pro ees protractum et al.—Eniconyx (n. g.) Horn 62 p. 51.; E.
pullatus Horn 62 p. 52 Ariz.; E. gracilis Horn 62 p. 52 N. Mex.

THROSCIDAE.

Throscus invisus Horn 68 p. 201 N. Y.; T. convergens Horn 68 p. 202. Geo.;
T. pugnax Horn 68 p. 202 Fla.; T. mendax Horn 68 p. 203 Cal.; T. sejunctus Horn.
68 p. 204 Cal.; T. debilis Horn 68 p. 205 W. T. Or.

BUPRESTIDAE.

Halecia gentilis Horn 66 p. 144 Tex. Mex,—Chrysobothris ignicollis Horn 66 p,
p. 145 Col. Tex.—Schizopus Sallei Horn 66 145 Cal.—Thrincopyge laetifica Horn
66 p. 146 Tex.—Tyndaris cincta Hern 66 p. 147 Tex.

LAMPYRIDAE.

Lycaina discoidalis Horn 66 p. 150 Tex.—Pyropyga simplex Lec. 79 p. 20
Ariz,—Pleotomus nigripennis Lec. 79 p. 20 Ariz.—Lamprohiza Riversi Lec. 79 p. 20
Cal.—Zarhipis Riversi Horn 66 p. 148 Cal.—Spathizus (n. g.) Lec. 79 p. 20.; S. bi-
color Lec. 79 p. 21 Ariz.—Chauliognathus ineptus Horn 66 p. 150 Ariz.; C. misel-
lus Horn 66 p. 150 Ariz.—Silis atra Lec. 79 p. 22 W. T.—Telephorus costipennis
Lec. 79 p, 21 Fla.—Polemius princeps Lec. 79 p. 21 Ariz.; P. strenuus Lec. 79 p.
21 Ariz.; P. marginicollis Lec. 79 p. 21 N.Mex,—Malthodes bicolor Lec. 79 p. 22 Ariz.

CLERIDAE.
Cymatodera turbata Horn 66 p. 151 Tex.; C. sirpata Horn 66 p. 152 Tex.; C.
fallax Horn 66 p. 153 Tex.—Clerus ocreatus Horn 66 p. 154 Kans.—Hydnocera lon-
ga Lec. 79 p. 22 Ariz.

PTINIDAE.

Theca striatopunctata Lec, 79 p. 22 Cal.—Caenocara occidens Casey 13 p. 330
Cal.— Sinoxylon simplex Horn 66 p. 155 Tex.;—S. floridanum Horn 66 p. 155 Fla,
—Dinapate (n. g.) Horn 71 p. 2; D. Wrighti Horn 71 p. 2; Cal.

LUCANIDAE.
Platycerus californicus Casey 13 p. 331 Cal.

SCARABAEIDAE.

Glaresis mendica Horn 65 p, 117 Ariz.; G. inducta Horn 65 p. 117 Tex. —Phy-
talus cephalicus Horn 65 p. 120 Ariz.; P. robustus Horn 65 p. 120 N. Mex. Ariz. ;
P. pallidus 65 p. 121 Ariz,; P. vexatus Horn 65 p. 121 Tex.; P. debilis Horn 65 p.
122 Ariz,; P. georgianus Horn 65 p. 122 Geo.—Listrochelus flavipennis Horn 65 p.
123 Ariz.; L. gracilis Horn 65 p. 123 Ariz,—Plusiotis Woodii Horn 65 p. 124 Tex. —
Orizabus Snowii Horn 65 p. 124 N. Mex.; O. ligyroides Horn 65 p. 125 Ariz.—Cre-
mastochilus spinifer Horn 65 p. 126 Tex.; C. planipes Horn 65 p. 127 Ariz.; C. in-
eptus Horn 65 p. 127 Ariz.

CERAMBYCIDAE.

Phymatodes ater Lec. 79 p. 22 N. Y.—Hypexilis (n. g.) Horn 67 p. 173; H.
pallida Horn 67 p. 173 Tex.—Gracilia obliquata Horn 67 p. 174 Tex.—Romaleum
seminitidum Horn 61 p. 130 Ariz.—Aneflus calvatus Horn 61 p. 132 Ariz.—Ptero-
platus divisus Lec. 79 p, 23 Tex.; P. rufipennis Lec. 79 p. 23 Ariz. N, Mex.; P. apica-
lis Lec. 79 p. 24 Ariz.; P. ignitus Lec. 79 p. 24 Ariz.—Crioprosopus lateralis Lec. 79
p. 22 Tex.—Purpuricenus dimidiatus Lec. 79 p. 23 Cal.—Metaleptus Batesi Horn 67
p- 174 Ariz.—Oxoplus jocosus Horn 67 p. 175 Ariz.—Stenosphenus novatus Horn 67
p. 178 L. Cal.; S. lepidus Horn 67 p. 179 Ariz.; S. dolosus Horn 67 p. 179 Tex.; S.
debilis Horn 67 p. 179 Ut.—Monilema spoliatum Horn 67 p. 186 Cal.; M. Ulkei
Horn 67 p. 188 Tex.—Liopus centralis Lec. 79 p. 24 Ariz.—Lypsimena californica
Horn 67 p. 197 Cal.—Oncideres texana Horn 67 p. 195 Tex.—Dysphaga bicolor
Horn 67 p. 196 Tex.

—gb6—

CHRYSOMELIDAE.

Lema balteata Lec. 79 p. 24 Ariz.; L. concolor Lec. 79 p. 24 N. Mex. —Coscin-
optera dorsalis Lec. 79 p. 25 Ariz.; C. bifaria Lec. 79 p. 25 Ariz.; C. canella Lec, 79
p. 25 S. Cal.—Saxinis apicalis Lec. 79 p. 25 Ariz.—Trichotheca vagans Lec. 79 p.
26 Tex.—Chrysochus robustus Horn 66 p. 156 Ariz.—Graphops beryllinus Lec.
79 p. 26 Kans.; G.obscurus Lec. 79 p. 26Col.; G. varians Lec. 79 p. 26 Ill.
‘Tex, Kans.; G. simplex Lec. 79 p. 27 Tex.-—Colaspis Crotchii Lefevre 80 p.cxcix
Car. --Phyllobrotica livida Lec. 79 p. 28 Ariz.—Phyllodecta scutellaris Sahlb. 101
p- 55 Amer. kiiste d. Berings—St.—Phyllecthrus texanus Lec. 79 p. 28 Tex.—
Luperus maculicollis Lec. 79 p..27 Cal.; L. torquatus Lec. 79 p. 28 Cal. —Androly-
perus maculatus Lec. 79 p. 28 Cal.—-Agelastica bicolor Lec. 79 p. 28 Ariz.—Galeruca
erosa Lec. 79 p. 28 Ut.—Hypolampsis guttatus Lec. 79 p. 29 La.—Caeporis nanula
Lec. 79 p. 29 S. C. Tex.-—Microrhopala uniformis Smith 115 p. 94 Ariz.—Odontota
Horni Smith 115 p. 94 Mass.; O, lateritia Smith 115 p. 95 Ariz.—Charistena bicolor
Smith 115 p. a5 N. Mex.

BRUCHIDAE.

Bruchus longiventris Sharp 41 p. 476 Ariz, Mex. N. Sonora.—Zabrotes(n. g.)
Horn 66 p. 156; Z. cruciger Horn66 p. 157 Col.; Z. spectabilis Horn 66 p. 157
Ariz. Nev.; Z. obliteratus Horn 66 p- 158 Ariz.; Z, subnitens Horn 66 p. 158 Geo. ;
Z. densus Hom 66 p. 158 Cal.; Z. planifrons Horn 66 p. 158. Ariz.

TENEBRIONIDAE.

Conoecus (n. g.) Horn 66 p. 159.; C. ovipennis Horn 66 p 159 ‘lex.—Zopherus

granicollis Horn 66 p. 160 L, Cal.—Rhinandrus sublaevis Horn 66 p, 160 Ariz.—He-
lops strigicollis Horn 66 p. 161 Cal.
MELANDRYIDAE.
Dircaea Riversi Lec. 79 p. 29 Cal.
MELOIDAE.

Macrobasis purpurea Horn 64 p. 108 Ariz.; M. lauta Horn 64 p. 108 Ariz.—
Epicauta insignis Horn 64 p. 110 Ariz.; E, fallax Horn 64 p. 111 Cal.—Pyrota dubi-
tabilis Horn 64 p. 113 Tex?; P. invita Horn 64114 Tex.; P. bilineata Horn 64 p. 115
Col. Ariz.—Cantharis molesta Horn 64 p. 111 Cal.

CURCULIONIDAE.

Erodiscus tinamus Lec. 79 p. 30 Fla.—Orchestes betuleti Horn 66 p. 161 D. C.;
—Acalles costifer Lec. 79 p. 30 Tex.; A. sulcicollis Lec. 79 p. 30 T'ex.-Pseudomus in-
flatus Lec. 79 p. 31 Fla.-Cryptorhynchus lutosus Lec. 79 p. 33 Fla.; C. brachialis Lec.
79 P. 31 Tex. —Zygops seminiveus Lec. 79 P. 31 Ariz.

ANTHRIBIDAE.

Toxotropis fasciatus Lec. 79 p. 32 Tex.—Choragus nitens Lec. 79 p. 32 Mass.
a

In the translation of a Cuban work treating also of insects, by an of-
ficial translator, we find the following interesting and instructive passage;
‘“‘that the rinocerante and bugs, the cervo volante and also the herculo of
America, are more visible by their voracious destructions than poultry
yards and sparrows, in the night, at the crepuscle and in the day: also
the slow bumble bee and the lightning bug.”!

A generic Synopsis of the Hymenopterous family
Chalcididae.

By L. O. Howarp.
(Continued from page 38.)

Novrg.—An asterisk should have been prefixed to the following subgenera men-
tioned in the last installment of this synopsis, as none of them have been found as yet

in this country:
Cenocrepis, Hemitrichus, Habritus, Dinarmus, Picroscytus, Boeotomus, Platy-

termus, Amblymerus, Cecidostiba, Coenacis, Cricellius, Haleceus, Stinoplus, Habrocy
tus, Spintherus, Polycelis, Trichomalus, Lolizous, Trichoglenus, Meraporus, Catol-
aceus, Diglochis, Arthrolytus, Dibrachys, Coelopisthus, Dirhicnus.

Subfamily EUCHARINAE.

The genera of this subfamily are in such confusion that it is useless
to attempt a synopsis before they have been thoroughly reviewed. I give
simply Cameron's synopsis of the four Central American genera,

Scu ellum simple at apex. Antennae 13—jointed, simple in both sexes.. ...........
*Genus Orasama Cameron,

Scutelium ending in two short blunt teeth which are not much longer than broad.
Sides of metathorax with leaf-like ia at apex. Antenne serrate in fe—

mate, simple in male.. 3 es CEA eee .*Genus Lophyrocera Cameron.
Scutellum ending in Ae eesscs iene are as lone as the abdomen. Antenne in male
flabellate.

Third joint of antenne as long as all the succeeding joints together... .. way Pett ok tote
*Genus Lirata Cameron.

Third joint of antennze not much longer than fourth... ... Genus Kapala Cameron.
; Subfamily PERILAMPINAE.

Abdomen not petiolate.
Flagellum of antennze compacted into a short club....*Genus Philomides Haliday,.

Flagellum long and only slightly clavate............ Genus Perilampus Latreille.
Abdomen petiolate.

Mesonotum thickly and deeply punctate........ *Genus Lamprostylus Foerster.

IMeSOnOtuimenOt SOMpUNCtUIKEd <0...) 2. : . . Sictennemreteaes oy *Genus Elatus Walker.

Subfamily EURYTOMINAE,

Marginal vein thick, quadrate; post marginal and stigmal very short; a lunate or
transverse submarginal dusky shade. Male antennez similar to Q, funicle
AOU CON a etd deed aaie< + u6. +. 3s een Genus Decatoma Spinola.

Marginal vein linear; no submarginal fascia; male antennz verticillate—pilose.

Cheeks usually acute. Mesonotum umbilicate—punctate.
Scape much longer than first funicle joint............ Genus Eurytoma lIlliger.
Scape equal in length to first funicle joint........... Genus Bephrata Cameron.
Cheeks usually rounded. Mesonotum with more obsolete punctures, not umbili—

cate-punctate,

Body short; metathorax almost vertical. Marginal vein not longer than stigmal.
5 Genus Systole Walker.
Body long, metathorax sloping gradually. Marginal vein longer than stigmal.
Genus Isosoma Walker.

—98—

The genus Philachyra Waliday I have not mentioned as I think it
cannot beseparated from /sosoma. Of Atolomorthus Walker,I can form

no definite opinion.
Subfamily TRIDYMINAE.

Antenne inserted slightly above the clypeus, which is rounded and produced at the
apex. Parapsides plainly shown............. ..*Genus Tridymus Ratzeburg.
Antenne inserted at the middle of the front. Clypeus plain, not produced. Anten—
nz with both ring joints visible.
Parapsides plain. Front impressed with very many dots.

WAN SHCIMEEe at) APEX 2.0. |, 2 )-)..) signee te ate oi eie Genus Semiotellus Westwood.
Wings not ciliate. ‘Thorax slighty ragose-punctate....*Genus Systasis Walker-
PAGADSIGES NOt IAIN cre 1s) e1e'ls) cls <ialel eM tetlatel el see *Genus Metasteuns Walker’

Subfamily SPALANGINAE.

Body aeneus, wings with a short marginal vein......... *Genus Isocratus Foerster.
Body wingless or with a long marginal vein.
Body not at all or very slightly metallic. Frenum not discernible.
Body not metallic; mesonotum opaque, punctate; abdomen conico-subulate.
*Genus Tricoryphus Foerster.
Mesonotum submetallic, polished.
Body winged; metathorax strongly punctate. *Genus Cerocephala Westwood.
Body winged or wingless; metathorax smooth; mandibles of usual size.
*Genus Theocolax Westwood.
Body winged, mandibles very large, three times the length of the head.
*Genus Paraleesthia Cameron.
Body metallic; antennz inserted in the anterior margin of the oblong head. Fren—
direliehdete | CHOC apo oineOMadeGds dpc coon sdanoGoanadsonGde Genus Spalangia Latr.

Subfamily PIRENINAE.

Wings with post marginal and stigmal very short. Ventral valvules not reaching to
anus. Antenne short, clavate; at least the two first funicle joints annuliform.
Antenne with two ring-joints, Eyes of male strongly converging above.
Genus Macroglenes Westwood.
Antenne with at least three ring-joints. Scutellar frenum horizontal.
Genus Pirene Haliday.
Postmarginal and stigmal veins long. Ventral valvules reaching to anus. Antennz
with one or noring-joints. Terebra exserted..... *Genus Henicetrus Thomson.
Postmarginal and stigmal veins moderately long. Ventral valvules not reaching to
anus. Antenne with no ring-joints. Terebra not exserted. Abdomen with a

large tuft of hair each side of petiole........ Genus Dilophogaster Howard.*
Subfamily TETRACAMPINAE.
Mesopleura not divided. (J tarsi 4-jointed. Marginal vein long, narrow....... ..

*Genus Tetracampe Foerster.
Mesopleura divided. j' tarsi 5-jointed, Marginal vein large, black, oblong-oval....
*Genus Platynochilus Westwood.

* This name is proposed as a substitute for Tomocera, a genus founded by the
writer in 1880—Ann. Rept. Com. Agr. 1880, p. 368, as the name first given conflicts
with the genus Tomocerus of the order Collembola,

Subfamily ELACHISTINAE.

Abdomen with a more or less distinct petiole.
Posterior tibize with very long spurs. Vertex in the middle, and collar acute......
Genus Euplectrus Westwood.
Posterior tibize with one or two short spurs, Pronotum subconical.

Posterior tibize 1-spurred. Scutellum with two dorsal lines.
Thorax ornamented with light colors. Scutellar sutures straight............
Genus Stenomesius Westwood,
‘Thorax not ornamented with lighter colors Body or at least head metallic...
Genus Elachistus Spinola.
Posterior tibize 2-spurred. Body not metallic. Scutellum with no dorsal lines...
Genus Miotropis Thomson.
Abdomen sub-sessile. Scutellum with two dorsal impressed lines. Posterior tibize

I-spurred,
Body winged, metallic, often ornate. ............Genus Cirrospilus Westwood.
Body not metallic. Wingsshort or none.......... .Genus Melittobia Westwood.

Notre.—Foerster’s genera Aulogymnus, Dichatomus and Rhicnopelte
which he places in the Elachistinz are so insufficiently described that I
cannot bring them into this synopsis without seeing specimens. No
American species of any of these three genera have been found.

Subfamily ELASMINAE,
This subfamily consists of the single genus Z/asmus which is suffic-
iently charicteriz:d in the subfamily synopsis (p 199 of Vol.1 ). Five
species have been found in this country,

Subfamily EULOPHINAE.
Scutellum with no dorsal lines,
Antenne inserted in the middle of the face; scape reaches far above the ocelli;
antennz with 3 branches. Posterior tibize I-spurred ......... ..........
*Genus Hemiptarsenus Westwood.
Antenne inserted far below the middle of the face; scape reaches no higher than
ocelli. Posterior tibize usually 2-spurred.
Parapsidal sutures complete but delicate.
Antenne of 3 branched. Abdomen elongate... 2. 05.0.0... ccc oese eee
*Genus Teleogmus Thomson.
AUTRES Oey PSHE 5. 5... sae es we *Genus Olinx Foerster.
Parapsidal sutures not discernible.
Posterior tibize evidently 2-spurred.
Marginal vein at least three times as long asstigmal, {' antennz simple; fun-
ACME Spencer arr a's 6.55252. +. «scenes Genus Sympiesis Foerster.
Marginal vein not thrice as long as stigmal. j' antennze 3-branched, very
rarely simple.
Phovemwery Srout! 2.9.55. ...... cnn *Genus Cratotechus Thomson.
Thorax not robust.
Flagellum of 9 antennze compressed, fusiform, ¢ with very short
branches, Wings of Q dusky...*Genus Microplectron Dahlbom.
Flagellum of Q antennz not compressed-fusiform.

"7

ey
Funicle of Q antennee white, ¢{ with short branches. ..... ROSA At
4 *Genus Microlycus Thomson.
Funicle of Q black, <j’ with long branches............2+ s.seeeees
Genus Eulophus Geoffroy.
Posterior tibize I-spurred........- 2-0} BEg ENE *Genus Necremnus Thomson.
Seutellum with dorsal lines. Funicle and club of 9 3-jointed.
Posterior tibise2-spurredt: sl... ././.1-/.+ seme ets ots *Genus Diglyphus Thomson.
WOSte MOL bibteS eM SUE ec! 1+ erole ere ...*Genus Solenotus Foerster,
Subfamily ENTEDONINAE.
Funicle of ¢f' antennz strongly toothed and furnished with whorls of hair, ........ :
Genus Astichus Foerster.
Funicle of <j’ antenne not toothed,
Mesoscutellum with a middle furrow............. .."Genus Holcopelte Foerster.
Mesoscutellum without such a furrow.
Wings with a seeming marginal cell formed by the hairs................ Retry t
’ *Genus Secodes Foerster.

Wings without such a cell.
. : os. . .
-Postmarginal vein broken just distad of the stigmal.

Submarginal strongly thickened........ *Genus Pleuropachys Westwood,
Submarginal not thickened.
Metanotum with side keels............. *Genus Pleurotropis Foerster.
Metanotum without keels.
Mesoscutellum scaley...... Bais a: cin) st alnyspe he Genus Entedon Dalman.
Mesoseutel ham smoo ths. Maimeri eerie /here)s Genus Asecodes Foerster.
Postmarginal vein not broken after stigmal.
Abdomenelongate, pouted ae emir eel errs “Genus Omphale Haliday.
Abdomen not especially elongate.
Antennee’S—jointed .\.,. <2) che eee eee Genus Chrysocharis Foerster.
Antennes o—jointed 2), eee ....Genus Derostenus Westwood.

Subfamily TETRASTICHINAE.

Scutellum without furrows.

Wings without a stigmal vein..... Lt, 3.9 oe OOS S *Genus Anozus Foerster.
Wings with a stigmal vein.
Whole border of the wings with very long hairs.... .Genus Gyrolasia Foerster.
Cilia of front wings not long. ‘Thorax strongly punctate............... .......

“Genus Euderus Haliday.
Scutelium with two furrows.

Scape greatly thickened.
Fore wings with long cilia around entire border.....*Genus Ceranisus Walker.

Fore wings not cililate on front border,......... *Genus Baryscapus Foerster.
Scape not thickened especially.
Antenne 10-jointed, with no ring joint.......... *Genus Hyperteles Foerster.

Antennz g-jointed with ,j', without ring joints; with Q 10-jointed with 2 rinz
joints and a 3-jointed club.............. ...Genus Tetrastichus Haliday.
Subfamily TRICHOGRAMMINAE.
Yront wings with regular rows of hairs.
The submarginal vein does not reach the costa....Genus Ophioneurus Ratzeburg.
Submarginal reaches costa,

—TOl—=

Submarginal, marginal and stiymal make a regular arch. Antennz 8-jointed... .
Genus Trichogramma Westwood.
These veins make no regular arch. Antenne less than 8-jointed.
Border of the wings with very long cilia....... *Genus Chaetosticha Walker.
Wings from marginal vein to tip bordered with only short cilia.
Antenne 7-jointed, with one ring—joint and a 4-jointed club,...............
*Genus Lathromeris Foerster.
Aniennz 6-jointed, with no ring-joint and with a 3-jointed club. ....
*Genus Centrobia Foerster.

Front wings without regular rows of hair.
SoReBMEe 7 -JOUEET , feats css... vee os

Antenne 6-jointed.
Fore-wings broad, with short cilia around border..... . St) hd, ale PIES cae ee
*Genus Brachysticha Foerster.

*Genus Asynacta Foerster,

Fore—wings narrow with long cilia................ *Genus Oligosita Haliday.
(To be continued, )
8 :

The first meeting of the Ent. Club of the A. A. A. S. will be held at
2 p.m, Aug. 17th in the library room of the Buffalo Soc. of Natural
Sciences. No definite programme has yet been made. On some after-
noon during the session there will be an excursion of the Club to Mr.
Wendling’s grounds at Ebenezer, 5 miles from Buffalo, where refreshments
will be served; the return to be around the City and through the Buffalo
Parks, reaching the City about 8 p.m. There willalso be a reception on

some evening during the week. Special Badges will be provided for

members of the Club, and it is very desirable that all that propose at-
tending, notify the Secretary and send in also the title of any papers

they expect to present.
cessful one and the earnest co-operation of all is desired.
Joun B. Smrru, Secy.
U.S. N. M. Washington, D, C.

It is desired to make this meeting a very suc-

good collector and in a good locality, for obtaining rare species. Many
good species in our collection came from him. He was drowned while
crossing a river with a detachment of troops on a scouting expedition.
* *
*

Death from typhoid fever has prematurely removed one of the most
active workers in Acarinology, Dr. Gustav Haller who died in Bern,
Switzerland, on May 1, 1886, after a short illness. His papers mostly
published in the Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomol. Gesellschaft
and in various German periodicals have contributed much to our knowl-
edge of the biology, morphology and systematic arrangement of the
Acarids and more especially of the families Tyroglyphidz, Sarcoptidz and
Hydrachnide.

Entomologica Americana. 15 August 1886.

Sieh

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S
(Continued from p. $3-)
BATYLE, Thom.
Seutellum small, prothorax sparsely punctured, Two species may
be separated:

Larger, black, sparsely pubescent; thorax red, elytra densely punctured,

ignicollis-
Smaller, red, elytra red with suture more or less black, legs more or less black;
elytral punctures coarse, distant...........-6. 20+ seers seca eee suturalis.

B. ignicollis Say J. A. P. IH, 1823, p. 412; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, H, p. 18;
Thom. Syst. Ceramb. p. 242; coccineicollis ald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, sp: 39; Dey:
Cat. 3 ed. p. 351; sanguinicollis Germ. Ins. Spec. nov. 1824, p. 515-

Length .28-.52 in.=7-13 mm. Hab. 5. W. States.

B. suturalis Say J. A. P. III, 1823, p. 418; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, II, p. 18; mi-
niatus Germ, Ins. Spec. nov. p. 515; rubens Dej. Cat. 3 ed. p. 351; rulilans Lec, J.
A. P. ser. 2, II, 1850 p. 18; ruber Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1858, p. 82; Pearsalli Bland.

Length .28 in.=7 mm. Hab. U. S. South of N. Y., Mont.

A very variable species. The legs may be red or black or anything
between. The suture may not bear a trace of black or it may be more
or less black up to the form Pearsadt in which the apical third of the
Elytra is black. The thorax is occasionally black. CEL. OV) ie acer

OXOPLUS Lee.

The species of this and following genera have the scutellum small
and acutely triangular. The species of Oxoplus are colored red and
black and differ from Zi/os’s by having the sides of prothorax obtusely
spinose and disk without callosities. “The following synopsis by Dr. Geo.
H. Horn is extracted from Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, May 188s.

SYNOPSIS OF OXOPLUS.

Thorax black, the tips of tubercles red;

Elytra very densely punctate, color black, the basal margin and the side three-
fourths to apex red; body beneath at middle and entire abdomen red; apices of
elytra J‘ sinuately truncate, sutural angle rounded............ marginatus.

Thorax red, the apical and basal margins somewhat narrowly black.

Abdomen red.

Elytra black, broadly margined with red at base which extends down the side
three-fourths to apex; surface densely rather finely punctate; apices sin-
uously truncate, sutural angle obtuse; body beneath red, sides of meso- and
MefasternUmM JOTOWMEN: Sci-fi -tla aes ce n> Pee = = eet eer cruentus.

Elytra in great part red, a broad black bau Beading from the apex nearly two-
thirds to base; surface rather coarsely not densely punctured; apices trun-
cate, the auhial angle slightly prolonged; eee beneath back, abdomen
dct by AGS ROE RO RAETERC ECS ROI EOE co dich cana a ett, Gc ‘corallinus.

Abdomen and entire body beneath black. ,

Elytra colored as in corallinus with a very narrow basal black band; surface
coarsely punctured at base, more finely and closely toward apex; apices sep-
arately rounded, the sutural angle distinct but not prolonged..., jocosus.

O. marginatus Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1862, p. 42. Length .86-.95 in.=22-2

mm. “ab. Lower Cal.

O. cruentus Lec. I. c. .75-.85 in.=19-21 mm. Hab. Lower Cal.

O. corallinus Lec. 1. c. .70-.80 in.=18-20 mm. Wyom., Utah and N. Mex.

QO. jocosus Horn Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, 1885, p. 175. Length .48-.60 in.

=12-15mm. Hab. Col. and Arizona.

(To be continued.)

dB
Notes and News.

In the ‘‘Entomologisk Tidskrift” of Stockholm Vol. 6, 1885 is given a
Catalogue of the Macroleipdoptera of Norway, Sweden, and Finland. This
is of interest to American Lepidopterists for three reasons; rst the fauna
of Arctic Europe is very much the same as that of Arctic America; 2nd
the author after an examination of the types of Thunberg, De Geer, and
others, replaces nearly 30 names given in Staudinger’s Catalogue, by
more ancient names principally given by Thunberg, De Geer and Géze,
and 3rd, a number of new varieties are named, which may be found in
our own Arctic fauna. We notice as well the statement that our Chryso-
phanus Phicas var. americana has been taken by a Swedish collector.

. Gro. D. Hutsr.

*

A copy of the Davenport Sunday Democrat (June 27) contains a
record of the transfer of the Entomological collection of the late fe
Duncan Putnam to the Davenport Academy of Sciences. Weare pleased
to note the liberal spirit of the relatives who preserved the scientific work
of Mr. Putnam by placing his collection where it would be cared for and
would instruct and perhaps lead others to follow in his foot-steps. It is
too often that a collection accumulated by years of hard labor is allowed
to go to ruin by the relatives of the deceased or sold in sections after being
robbed of its treasures by some enterprising collector who gets a chance
to a get pick at it for a small sum,

* *
*

Having in preparation a series of synoptic tables of Aphodius with
such emendatory notes as are required on my previous work, I will glad-
ly return the names of any duflica/e sets which may be sent to me.

Gro. H.-Horn, M. D.,
874 N. 4th St. Philadelphia.

a

—104—

We learn from ‘‘lhe Entowmolngist”, that our American butterfly
Danais archippus after taking possession within a few years of the Sand-
wich Islands and Australia, and while making rapid conquest of the Ma-
layan Archipelago, has as well invaded England, and has been taken so
often that he seems likely to conquer and stay. It is rather difficult for
the great majority of Lepidopterists to recognise him under the name of
Anosia plexippus’, but that is the name that the British*Museum gives
to what the rest of the Lepidopterological world calls Danais archippus.

We suppose after the English fashion,(if it be not done already), he
will soon be dubbed with a ‘‘common name” as well, and his identity
still further disguised. But none the less, he is an acquisition to the
English fauna, new, larger than any of the rest of their butterflies, bril-
liant in color, showy in appearance, easily caught, easily reared, novel
and beautiful in chrysalis and larva, and withal American. G. D. H.

Society News.

Entomological Society of Washington. Meeting July 8, 1886.—The Cor-
responding Secretary laid before the society a letter from Miss A, Haller an—
nouncing the death of Dr. G. Haller, the well-known Acarinologist; also a com-
munication from Dr. Horn announcing the fact that Harpalus caliginosus strid-
ulates. The noise is produced by the edges of the last two abdominal segments
being rubbed against an alutaceous space on the inner edge of each elytron.

Mr. Schwarz read from a letter of Mr. Hubbard a note ona specimen of
Bradycinetus ferrugineus which suddenly died while befng held in the hand.
He also exhibited a male of Hydrophilus ovatus remarkable from the form of the
maxillary palpi, the two last joints being notably flattened.

Mr. Smith read a note on Quadrina diazoma placed by Mr. Grote in the He-
mileucina but which he finds belongs to the Cossidae. He gave a detailed des-
cription of the venation and discussed its affinities at some length.

Mr. Schwarz read a short note on a small swarm of Cicadas observed by him
at Fortress Monroe, Va., on June 17, 1886. No specimens or puja shells could be
procured and it was impossible, therefore, to decide whether or not these Cica-
das belonged to the periodical species.

Mr. Johnson spoke on a Cecidomyidous gall-maker on twigs of Bumelia
lanuginosa as observed by him in the vicinity of Shreveport, La. The young trees
suffer severely from the attacks of this insect.

Mr. Howard spoke on the food-habits of the common House Wren during
the breeding season. He observed the rearing of two successive broods of young,
the old birds feeding the young exclusively on insects. The principal food con-
sisting of caterpillars, Macrodactylus subspinosus and another small black
beetle, apparently a Carabid.

Mr. Schwarz remarked on the habits of two species of Tabanus, T. mexicanus
and 7. psammophilus, the former flying only shortly after sunrise and shortly
before sunset. The second being a strictly maritime species and probably never
attacking warm-blooded animals. ‘

TONY OG Ig ye
AMERICANA

VOL. II. BROOKLYN, SEPTEMBER, 1886. _NO. 6.

On two interesting new genera of Leptidae.
By S. W. WILLIstTon.

Three summers ago, while collecting in the White Mountains, I
found in the shady woods a specimen which I at the time took to be a
Triptotricha. Upon a more careful examination, however, I was surpris-
ed to find only four posterior cells in the wing, and the last posterior
vein arising from the discal cell, a variation from the most essential char-
acteristics of the family Leptidze, a note of which, so remarkable did the
anomaly appear to me, I sent to the Stettiner entomologische Zeitung.
Afterwards, Baron Osten Sacken, during his visit to the United States the
past year, in looking over my collection was struck with the relationship
of the specimen with S/gra elonga/a Say, and, although upon examina-
tion the species was found to be evidently a different one, there could be
no doubt of the congenerousness of the two. Sv*gza elongata has been
an enigmatical species of doutful affinities since its description sixty years
ago by Say, who placed it under the Bombylide. Afterwards, Wiede-
mann, who presumably examined Say’s type, described it as Anthrax e-
fongata, and yet again in the same work, as Lomatia elongata, with the
remark that the “Art gehért ohne Zweifel zu einer ganz andern Gattung”,
basing his opinion upon the differences in the proboscis, antennz, and
neuration. Baron Osten Sacken in his catalogue retained it among the
Bombylidz as Lomatia elongata with the additional observation (note
155, Pp. 237): “‘Stygia elongata Say, Lomatia elongata Wied., is not a
Lomatia, as Wiedemann himself observes, but it is difficult to say what
itis. It has the antenne ofa Leptid, butnevertheless only /owr posterior
cells. I saw the typical specimen in Vienna and it seemed to agree with

1 —=160——

Wiedemann’s figure. It is singular that another specimen of this species
has never turned up in the United States; it would have allowed a more
thorough investigation than the fragile type in Vienna, which one is
afraid to handle.”

My attention thus called to the subject, I have looked especially for
the species, during the few opportunities that I have had for collecting,
and a few days ago I was fortunate in finding it near Stamford, Connec-
ticut. During the hour that I was collecting I observed six individuals,
but only succeeded in capturing three of them, all males. I found them
running about rather nimbly on the upper leaves of underbush ina
small patch of partially shaded woods, in company with such species as
Melanostoma platychirus, Xanthogramma flavipes, Sargus decorus, Piec-
ticus Sackent, etc The specimens all agree closely, and there can now
be no doubt but that we have, in this case at least, a true Leptid with the
normal number of but four posterior cells. As the species must require
a new generic name | propose to call it AGNOTOMYIA, in aliusion to
the long period during which it has been unknown. My specimens dil-
fer but little from the descriptions given by Say and Wiedemann, but
that the species may be more readily recognized I again describe it as
follows:

Agnotemyia elongata.

Stygia elongata Say, Jour. Acad. Phil., III, 41, 1; Compl. Wr., II, 58.

Anthrax elongata Wiedemann, Auss, zweifl. Ins. I, 315.

Lomatia elongata Wiedemann, Auss. zweifl. Ins., 1, 561; tab. II, fig. 6.

Habitat. =Pennsylvania (Say), Connecticut!

3. Length7to8mm. Eyes in life green. First two joints of antenne light
yellow, the second large, not elongate, third small, globular, and with the arista or
slender style, black. Dorsum of thorax shining black, sparsely white pubescent; the
humeri light colored and silvery pollinose, the dorsopleural suture obscurely luteous;
pleurz on lower part elonyated, yellowish, covered with silvery pollen; metanotum in
part lutescent, Abdomen shining black, the posterior angles of the first three seg-
ments rather broadly yeilow, continued across on the posterior margin of the segments,
rather narrowly in the middle; fourth segment with the hind angles narrowly yel-
low. Wings distinctly pubescent and with a distinct blackish tinge; toward the base
and in marginal and submarginal cells yellowish. Coxe yellowish white, the legs
more yellow; the tip of hind femora,.and the hind tibiz, blackish; tarsi black, the
middle metatarsi yellowish, the hind metatarsi, except their tip, and the basal half of
the second joint, whitish.

Say describes the wings as hyaline, and does not mention the dark
color of the hind legs, and speaks of the abdomen as being depressed.
Wiedemann also does not mention the black of the hind legs, but his de-
scription otherwise does not leave any doubt but that the species is the
same. Neither author gives the sex, but Wiedemann’s figure shows that
the specimen was amale. The figure represents the species very well,

Nes

/

except that the antennz are shorter, the second joint more dilated, as
Say describes it, and the abdomen less dilated distally. The abdomen
in my specimens in drying became compressed, and it is possible that
the same condition existed in the type, and was too widely restored in
drawing.

The genus approches Z7yzpfo/richa, rather closely, but the size, slen-
derness, and the presence of but one spur on the front tibize are all dif-
ferent. The presence of but four posterior cells is undoubtedly a nor-
mal character, and I doubt that it is at all variable; yet this hitherto im-
portant family character will not serve for aught else than fora distin-
guishment in the present case; the genus finds its proper location with
Triplotricha in the sub-family Psammorycterine*, TZripfoiricha, as Loew —
years ago pointed out, frequently varies in having the third posterior
vein abbreviated, and in the examination of a considerable series of
T. fasciventris Loew, I have observed the last posterior vein rarely aris-
ing from near the base of the discal cell. It is thus possible, that, as an
anomaly, a neuration similar to, if not identical with, that of the present
species may exist in species of Zripfofricha, For this reason I am un-
willing to describe the first-mentioned species from the White Mountains
until additional specimens shall have assured me that its neuration is a
normal feature. In both of these species, however, the single spur
on the front tibia will serve, I believe as a generic distinction
should such a case possibly occur in 7rip/otricha where the third poster-
ior vein is wholly obliterated and the last vein does not spring from the
second basal cell. In the three species of Z77p/o/richa known to me, all
the tibia have two spurs. The formule for the tibial spurs in this fam-
ily, so far I have observed them, may be expressed as follows:

Agnotomyia, 1, 2, 2. Afherix, 0, 2, 2.
Triptotricha, 2, 2, 2. Symphoromyia, 0, 2, 1.
LepLS: ©} 2-2: Arthroceras, 0, 2, I.

Chrysopila, 0, 2, 1.
Arthroceras n. q.

In size, shape and general appearance much resembling certain species of Chryso-
pila, e. g. C. quadrata. Head in front view much like that of this species, but
the front somewhat narrower and the lower part of the face does not form
a hemispherical convexity as in the species of Chrysopila, but is in the female
nearly straight or gently convex in profile, transversly convex and _ separated
from the sides by two convergent deep grooves more like it is in species of Sym-
phoromyia. In the male the grooves are deeper, broader, and more broadly V-shaped

*Better Vermilionine, as, according to the usage of good Zoologists, the genus
Psammorycter Blanch, should not replace Vermilio Macq. because the latter was
raised from specific to generic use. There is quite as much propriety in changing
Musca vermilio Deg. into Vermilio Degeerias many of the numerousarbitrary changes
that have been made in the generic names of diptera. Nor indeed would there be
more impropriety in calling the species Vermilio vermilio Deg. than to call a man Mr.
Thomas Thomas.

]
—103—

the middle portion smaller, more receding, and concave from the apex of the V above.
The eyes in the male are broadly contiguous; the palpi are porrect, and somewhat
spatulate, at least in the female. Antennz as in Chrysopila, except that the third
joint is not at all dilated, and the arista is replaced, by a thickened, elongate, distinctly
jointed style, a little broader toward the base, where it tapers from the joint. I
count seven joints in the style, the last of which is elongated. Legs as in Chrysopila;
the hind tibiz with one, the middle tibiz with two, rather weak spurs, the front tibiae
with none. Wings large, the second vein sinuous as in species of Leptis, the anterior
branch of the third vein not sinuous, and without stump; the second posterior cell
narrow or petiolate at base, the anal cell open.

This genus is the one referred to in my Classification (Zz/om. A merica-
na, 1, p. 115) in the tabular synopsis as ‘‘Nov. Gen.” O. S. and con-
tains, beside the following new species, Ar/hropeas leptis O. S. The gen-
eric difference from Ar/hropeas in the spur of the front tibiae was pointed
out by Baron Osten Sacken four years ago, and, as he has not yet proposed
a name for the genus, I venture to do so in order to describe the following
interesting species. No 6ne who will compare the present with other
species of Leptidee will for a moment doubt the family relationship. It
must unquestionably be placed under the Leptidz, and not with the
Ccenomyide or Xylophagice. ‘The addition, however, of the two gen-
era herein described, with G/u/ops Burgess, furnishes most important ¢x-
ceptions to the distinctive characters of the family, and will make the
limits very hard to define.

Arthroceras pollincsum, n. sp.

Habitat.—Washington, Colorado!

©. Length, 5.5 to7 mm. Face and front thickly light ochraceous pollinose.
Antenne black, the third joint at base, and the tip of second, reddish or yellowish.
Palpi reddish yellow, the tip black. Thorax in ground color black, but the dorsum
and the scutellum concealed beneath dense, nearly uniform ochraceous yellow pollen,
and the pleurz beneath gray pollen, ochraceous above. Abdomen wholly and even-
ly covered beneath with light grayish yellowish pollen, in the ground color black, at
the hind margins of the segments, more broadly behind, apparently yellowish or red-
dish. Legs yellow or lutescent yellow, the last four joints on all the tarsi brownish,
Wings distinctly tinged with brownish yellow, the costal cell and outer part of margin-
al cell of a more saturate color; veins luteous yellowish, more fuscous toward the
outer part of the wing.

od. Face more grayish pollinose. Palpi black, and bushy pilose. Abdomen in
eround color wholly black, the hypopygium at tip, only yellowish. Femora, except
the tip, black, the tarsi, except the base, darker; the light colored pile of the legs lon-
ger and more abundant.

Descriptions of some New Trap-Door Spiders; Their
Notes and Food habits.

By Gro, F. ATKINSON.

A few months after sending the manuscript of the article, ‘‘A new
trap-door’ spider’, to the publishers, I found a specimen which differed
so markedly in color from the one, the subject of that article, and agreed
so closely with the one described by Hentz as Afpgale carolinensis,’ now
Pachylomerus carlinensts,? Hentz, that before having an opportunity to
study them carefully I concluded the only difference was in color. Just
after the article, ‘‘A family of young trap-door spiders”,* was in type I
discovered that the two forms were different species; that the one called
in the Amer, Nat. ‘‘A new trap-door spider”, and the young spiders
whose work is described in the Ento. Am. were both new species: the
former I have called Pachilomerus caribiucrus, and the latter Pachylome-
rus: 4. Spinosus.

The nests of P. cartb.vorus, and P. 4-spinosus, have already been de-
scribed in the arcticles referred to. One thing however, in regard to P.
caribivorus is worth adding. The last trap-door made by this species as
described in the Am. Nat, p. 590, was in sharp contrast, being made al-
most entirely of clay, with the surrounding moss. Ina few days the
spider made an examination of its work and found it had made a mis-
take in not placing moss in the door. It remedied this as well as pos-
sible by cementing moss to the edge of the door and pressing the ends
down so that about half of the door was covered with moss!

Nest of Pacnhylomerus turris. March, 5, ’86, on turning over an
old log, a sudden movement of an object downward attracted my atten-
tion, I looked and discovered a silken tube, with particles of earth and
leaf mould attached extending above ground. On one side the silk was
so extremely thin as to afford a “window” to the spider’s house! It was
through this that I had discovered the movement which attracted my at-
tention. Nearly the entire remaining portion of the tube was covered
with earth and leafmould, and here the silk was thinner than in other
portions, yet intact. It seems almost incredible, yet from the wonderful
intelligence manifested by these spiders, I was led to think this “window”
had been purposely made: that the spider would sit by it and watch for
beetles crawling about under the log, and seeing one would rush out
1 American Naturalist, Vol. XX, p. 583, July 1886.

? The Spiders of the United States, by Nicholas Marcellus Hentz, M. D., Boston
Journal, IV, p. 56. pl. VII, fig. 3.

8 Beitrage zur Kenniniss der Territelariae, Ausserer, p. 147.

4 Entomologica Americana, August 1886,

=]

— he

through the coor, seize its prey and return to its tower! It seems more
reasonable when we consider that Avdivalvata marxu (see food habits of
this species, ) will nightly open its doors, remain out ofsight, watch for
passing insects, and rush out and seize them. The tube was about
8cm. in length, and there was only a very shallow excavation in the clay
soil. The door is of the ‘‘wafer type’, and was fastened down by silk,
probably in the fall when the spider prepared for hibernating.’

In the evening I placed the spider in a bottle of earth. During the
night it burrowed into the soil and made a rude door, which appeared
more like a flap hung from one side of the mouth of the tube. On the
evening of Mar. 7, I removed a portion of the soil and placed in a por-
tion of clay intermixed with loam, scattering over this a few bits of moss.
I did not see the spider make the burrow, but next day saw it make two-
thirds of a door, when I put an end to operations on that nest. The
door was made practically in the same manner as that by P. caridivorus.
but was a wafer door. -

From the appearance of the tube and the soil about it in both of the
nests made in captivity, I felt sure this spider did not dig the, hole in
the zormal way. Accordingly, Mar, 8, I prepared a jar of wet clay.
Up to 11, p. m. the spider had not begun work, but in the morning the
work had not progressed too far for me to observe it. The spider begins
the burrow in a manner similar to that practiced by A?vdivalvata Marat
by pressing the earth aside from a central point with its anterior legs,
using also its mandibles, but it is much slower in its movements than

1 Mr. Moggridge says in Harvest Ants and Trap-door Spiders, Supplement,
p. 236. ‘‘I have on very few occasions, found the doors of a wafer or cork nest spun
up during the winter at Mentone, and on digging have discovered the spider alive,
though partially torpid, inside; but this I] think is quite an exceptional event. |
should like to know, however, whether this becomes the rule in the case of the nesis
of those trap-door spiders which inhabit climates less favored than that of Mentone.’’
He also speaks of a Lycosa that is said to close her nest in Canes in winter. Latreille,
in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, (an VII, de la Repubique) p. 124, Says, ‘‘L’araignée
tarentule ferme aussi son habitation, mais cet opercule n’est pas mobile, et n’est con-
struit que pour l’hiver.’’ I have on several occasions found that P. caribivorous,
after eating one or two beetles, fastens down the lid with silk. Nidivalvata marvii, I
have found fastens the doors at times (See Amer, Nat. Vol. XX, p. 592.)

O, P. Cambridge, in Annals of Nat. Hist. 1878, 5th series, Vol. I, p. 107, says
that in all cases that came under his notice the upper extremity of the nest of Atypus
piceus was without any perceptible orifice. He finally came to the conclusion that
the spider gnawed its way out and then closed it with fresh threads again. These ex-
amples seem to indicate that spiders will very frequently at least fasten the doors to
their nests during a period of rest, when inactive and more liable to be injured, when
having had sufficient food, and perhaps sometimes at regular periods when not en-
gaged in watching for food, It seems reasonable to suppose that in climates where
the spiders are in a torpid state they would fasten their doors during this period.

—T ti

N. marxit. Pachylomerus furris is the spider represented in fig 15 & 16
of the Ento. Am. for Aug, excavating in a “novel way’. In making the
trap door, sometimes when in this position it would cement the particle
to the door by pressing on top of the door with its posterior legs, against
the ventral surface of the cephalothorax. When the hole was about 3cm.
deep it would occasionally take earth out in the normal way.

It will be seen that the habit of this spider is not wholly nocturnal in
building its nest. During the month of July while I was at Ithaca,
N. Y. Ihada specimen of P. cartbivorus make a nest for Prof. Com-
stock, This was made entirely during the day. By reference to the
young trap-door spiders’ it will be seen that P. 4-sfinosus works just
about as well in day as at night.

Nest of Nidivaloaia marxu. The first one of this species which I
found was taken Jan. 2, 1886, and which I have formerly mentioned as
making in captivity a ‘‘folding door.” In tearing up some moss I ob-
served a tube in the bottom of which was the spider. Whatever there
was at the upper end of the tube was destroyed in removing the moss, so
that I have not had an opportunity to observe the door to the nest where
the spider makes its nest in a patch of moss. J have found several nests
of this species by gathering moss. In all there were what appeared to
be branches just above the surface of the ground at the base of the moss.
hese I regard as avenues in which the spider would search, or lie in
wait, for ants,

In captivity this spider made a very interesting nest with folding
doors (See figs. 17 and 18 Plate V) and I believe it is with some such ar-
rangement that it closes its tube in a state of nature, for the spider makes
use of it in catching its prey, as will be described in the food-habits of
this species, This kind of a door, I believe, has never before been seen
or described, and adds one to the different types of nests which Mr.
Moggridge has described and named.* The right name for this tvpe
should be *‘double door’, but as Mr. Moggridge has used that name for
a nest which has two doors, one at the upper end of the tube and another
some distance below at the opening of a branch in the main tube, it can-
not be applied to this one. So I have called this new type the Solding
door nesi, from the manner in which the door opens and shuts.

This species begins the excavation of its tube by parting the earth
from a central point with its anterior legs and palpi turning around at
the same time so as to push the earth on all sides. It works with ex-

' Entomologica Americana, August 1886,
? American Naturalist, Vol. XX, p. 592.
8 Harvesting Ants and Trap door Spiders; and Supplement.

sew) NA

ceeding rapidity, and in this respect is in strong contrast with the mem-
bers of the genus Pachylomerus, though the young ones of that genus
work more rapidly than the older ones. When beginning the nest in a
patch of moss the spider will dive down into the moss and begin turn-
ing rapidly in all directions, at the same time spinning threads to fasten
together the pieces of moss around and over it, I have watched four
different ones make the nest, two beginning in moss which I had placed
over the earth, and two beginning in soil. Two of these I had make a
nest several times, and thus far every one has first entirely closed the en.
trance to the tube by building a sort of dome above it. Later, in one
case a week, cutting through this and making the folding door.’ Usual-
ly while at work near the surface of the earth it will burrow out in differ-
ent directions and elevate the surface of the earth. This I think is part-
ly for the purpose of providing a place to put the earth which it excavates
from the lower portion of the tube. as I have seen these filled up; and
in one specimen, after the tube was about 2 cm. deep I observed the
same habit of digging and cementing to the edge of the tube, as observed
in the case of Pachylomerus caribworus and 4-spimosus. ‘This individual
made the dome by carrying up three sides regularly until it had com-
pletely covered the entrance. Usually in making the dome earth is
placed on and about the edge of the tube, occasionally applying viscid
liquid and spinning threads over it. Then the spider would, with its an-
terior legs and palpi pull the edge over the tube, ‘This operation would
be repeated until the dome was complete.” When moss is convenient the
door is made almost entirely of moss and silk; each door is a surface of
a half circle, is hung by a semicircular hinge, and the two meet, when

1 Nore.—In the Encyclopedia Brittannica, gth edition, 1875, Vol. II, p. 201.
O. P. Cambridge says: ‘The preseut writer was once told by a gentlen an wh» had
formerly resided in the West Indies that trap-door spiders invariably made the tube
and lid of one continuous, solid, homogeneous piece, and then cut out the lid with the
falcers, This account, especially as coming from anon Naturalist seems improbable, a
spiders falcers being in no way fitted apparently for such an operation.’’ Where the
silk linining ‘was thin, it would be a very easy matter for a spider to cut through, and
then repair the roughness by cementing on particles. Itis probably an exaggeration to
say that they ‘‘invariably’’construct themin that manner, butI should not be surprised
if some species made the trap.door in the manner described by this non ‘‘naturalist.’’

2 J have never seen this spider press the lid on the ends of its mandibles as does
P. caribivorus. think this shows the adaptation of the special armature of the man-
dbile of P. caribvorus, and related forms, for fastening the earth to the lid. P. car-
ibivorus usually makes no thread in applying the viscid liquid to the door while ad—
ding particles, but puts it on asa cement. The large point of the mandibles, which is
covered with short strong spines serves admirably to punch the earthirregularly into
the portion of the door already made, and causing it to adhere firmly,

—I13—

closed, in a straight line over the middle of the hole, as shown in fig. 18,
Plate V. Every night (I observed one in my room for three months)
the spider would throw openits doors as shown in fig 17, Plate V and
in the morning close them, If I opened the door during the daytime
the spider would invariably come up and closeit, but never immediately,
and never did it offer to catch the door and resist its opening. When
members of this genus build their nest under stones, as they sometimes
do, if the stone is elevated from the earth in one place the spider builds
the tube above ground to the under surface of the stone, and here makes
some sort of door, I have never been able to see just what, but probably
very much like the ones made in captivity. A longitudinal section of
one of these nests which I found under a stone is shown in fig.11, Plate,
IV, the surface of the ground ata and the mouth ofthetube at 2. On
turning over the stone I saw what I thought was the cocoon of a moth,
from which the insect had escaped at the upper end. Ipicked it up,
and discovered the tube which I found about 12 inches deep, with the
spider’ at the bottom. ‘This nest, perhaps inappropriately, I have called
the hall door nest, because of the enlargement just within the entrance.
This I consider would be of advantage to the spider in managing the
door while catching an ant. The portion above ground was made of
Joam and leaf mould cemented with viscid liquid and lined on the inside
with silk. So far as I have oberved, the members of this genus line only
that portion of the.nest with silk which is liable to cave in near the up-
per portion of the tube.*
Nest of Myrmekixphila foliata,

The nest of this species is not constant in type, and shows wider va-
riation in different individuals than any of those thus far described; but
when taken in connection with the food habit of the species there does
not seem to be a very great departure from a common type.

The first individual was collected March 13, ’86 by myself. In
collecting specimens of ants and their root feeding ‘‘cows’ (Aphides)
which they were protecting through the winter, I found a trap-door on
turning over a stone. The tube | traced down about 14 inches, when
I came upon and struck the spider off at one side. In doing so I broke
off a leg and palpus so that the spider died the next day. At the time I
thought the spider must have underground galleries in which it hunted
for ants similar to the galleries in the moss of the nest of Medivalvata
marxu, But since finding the nests of other individuals I think there

1 Nidivalvata angustata.

2 I have observed the same thing with Myrmekiaphila foliata.

Entomologica Americana. 16 August 1886,

must have been a branch from the main tube with a trap door, and the
soil being so full of rocks I failed to find it.

The second individual I collected on the morning of Apr. 6, 86,
while digging into a side hill with a southern exposure for white ants
(Termes flavipes,). Discovering a tube I traced it until I found at one
side a trap door opening into a short branch. In this I founda fine
specimen of trap-door spider. The nest I concluded belonged to the
type called by Mr Moggridge, ‘‘Double door branched nest”, but dif-
fers from that in having acork door instead of a wafer door. I did not
see the door at the end of the main tube, if there was one, as the soil
was very loose and rocky, and every trace would have been destroyed
before finding the main tube.

The third individual was collected in the afternoon of the same
day, by one of the students, D. E. Woodley. The tube ran under a
stone, a trap-door was at the upper end, but the branch and second
door was not seen: Mr. Woodley said, however, that it might have es-
caped his notice as the tube was not traced out very clearly.

The fourth individual I collected Apr. 6. On turning over a stone
I saw what is represented in fig, 16, Plate V except that the trap door was
closed, and the spider was in the tube a short distance below it. The
space above the trap door is a portion of an ants nest, 4@ is the entrance
from the surface of the earth; @, a, isa broad hall-way leading off into
galleries on the side, The spider had come down at 4, undoubtedly
during the night while the ants were quiet, unconscious ofthe purpose
of their terrible enemy, dug the hole in the center of this hall way, and
covered it with a trap-door before the ants were stirring at the break of
day. The soil was in a good condition for tracing out the tube, which
I did very carefully and found neither branch nor second door, so that
this nest was of the type simgle cork door, unbranched nest.

The fifth I collected on the same day and not more than 1o feet
distant. Turning over a stone I saw a_ tube which ran down one of the
perpendicular sides of the hole, in which the rock fitted, then along the
bottom to near the center of where the stone lay. Here it disappeared
taking a perpendicular direction again. I rana straw down this tube
and felt the movements of the spider. The spider would not seize the
straw, as they sometimes will, and soon I could no longer feel the move-
ments. I then dug carefully around the tube, and at the depth of about
10 inches struck the spider, splitting open its caput. This happened
because the spider was in the branch: when I first ran the straw into the
tube he was in the main tube, and probably bein frightened ran into the
branch and caught hold of the door. This confirms what Mr. Mogg-

—1i5—

ridge believes to be the case with spiders making a double door branched
nest, that when an enemy succeeds in getting entrance to the main tube
the spider will run into the branch.’ This nest is represented in fig. 15,
Plate V. Though the tube is represented nearly natural size the length
is much fore-shortened, The space represented by the dotted lines a
and 6 was 10 inches for each. The spider was found at J; the cork
door can be seen at ¢.

Another specimen was found, about which, unfortunately, I have no
record nor recollection, except that it was collected sometime during the
spring. This, though I have not given it a careful examination I believe
to belong to the same species. I left it in the possession of Dr. Geo.
Marx, at Washington.

The specimen collected Apr. 6, I placed ina jar of earth to see
what kind of a nest it made in captivity. For several days it showed no
signs of working. Finally I found it buried in the earth much as Mad-
valvata marxi is, when having just completed the dome over the tube,
and from the appearance of things I think the burrow was started, and
the dome made in the same way as in the case of that species. The
next day in place ofthe dome, in which there was no moss, was a perfect
cork door with an abundance of moss in it. The spider had evidently
cleared away the dome, which was made of earth and silk, and made
the door of new material.

When I lifted up this door the spider would catch hold of it. In
a few days I found this door fastened down and that end of the tube
filled with earth for a distance of 5 cm. The tube extended ina circui-
tous direction for 10 cm or more where it came to the surface and was
closed by another nicely fitting trap-door. I think the spider was alarm-
ed at the discovery of her nest, and attempted by this strategy to deceive
her enemy. If the jar of earth had been more capacious, and a longer
time given the spider she might have made a branch and second door.

" Food habits. 1 have not yet had an opportunity of making very ex-
tensive observations on the food habits of these species, and cannot say
that each one is confined to the insect for which I am certain it has a
special fondness as an article of diet. Of the species of Pachylomerus my
observations have been confined to P. cariébwworus. 1 have already stated
the fondness which this species has for carabid beetles,’ and though kill-
ing several ants and flies did not use them for food, During July, while
at Ithaca N. Y. I fed several carabid beetles to a P. cariivorus which I

1 Harvesting Ants and Trap-Door Spiders.
2 Am. Nat. July 1886. Vol. 20, p. 5092.

en

had alive. June 20, I placed a Prerostichus lucublandus’, Say, in the
bottle containing the nest of the spider. During the night the spider
came out of the nest, caught the beetle, ate it and ejected the hard parts
from the nest. July 1st, it disposed ofa Prerostichus Sayi, Brulle. June
29 it ate a beetle of the genus Ch/enims. At another time it ate three
good sized beetles of the genus Chlznius in one night.

The observation which I made on Mdivalvata marxt in captivity are
very interesting. I noticed that at night the spider would throw its doors
wide open’ as shown in fig. 17, Plate V. One evening I placed several
in the jar containing the nest. When an ant approached so near the
door as to send a communication to the spider’of its presence, the spider
sprang to the entrance, caught a door with the anterior legson either
side, and pulled them nearly together, so that there was just space e-
nough left for it to s2e the ant when it crossed the opening. When this
happened, the spider threw the doors wide open, caught the ant, and in
the twinkling of an eye had dropped back to the bottom of the tube with
its game. This I saw repeated several times during the months of Jan-
uary and February. Atone time I placed a large cricket in the jar. The
spider made several attempts to capture it but was not strong enough.
It would probably eat crickets when fortunate enough to catch one. I
think also that it would eat small carabid beetles, for I found several in
the moss where I collected the spider. I have found the remains of ants
in the nests.

I have made no observations on ALrmekiaphila foliata ‘in captivity,
but from the location of their nests it is quite evident that the members
of this species are extremely fond of ants, and seek to build their nests

1 J am indebted to Prof. J. A. Comstock for the identification of the species of

beetles.

2 The position of Nidivalvata in the subfamily Eriodontine shows its near rela-
tion to the Atypina. I have often been struck with its likeness to the Atypinw, es—
pecially in the kind of a nest it makes, and though I have never seen an Atypus,
nor one of its nests, I have often concluded that from the form of its nest it must be
somewhat similar to Nidivalvata in architectural habit, and that the presence of a
door, or covering for the entrance to its nest instead of being wanting, has been over-
looked; that in the cases where the nest was open, accident had removed the door. What
O. P. Cambridge says in Annals of Nat. Hist. 4th series, 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 240-241,
seems to me to indicate that Atypus is very similar in habit tothis genus, Not only in
the form of the nest, but in its food habit. He says that on one occasion a nest which
apparently had no orifice was buried in a box of earth; subsequently the tube was ob-
served with a wide open mouth, and again was closed the following morning. The
spider probably opens the doors at night to watch for food, and closes them in the
morning as does NV. marvii.

—117—

either directly in an ants nest or in close proximity to it. I think in
some cases it is intended that the main tube shall be used as a passage
for ants, so that by coming out of the branch the spider can capture its
food, for it is certain in these which I have observed that the external
door is either wanting or old and ina neglected condition, while the
door at the branch is kept well repaired. If I am correct in this conclu-
sion it would account for the apparent variation noticed in the kind of
nest built by this species. In the nest represented in fig. 16, Plate V,
the entrance 4, and the landing a, a, of the ants nest answers for the
main tube of the spider, and only the one tube and trap-door is required
for the use of the spider.’

1 NoTE.—There evidently is quite a variation, even with the same species, in
the kind of a nest which trap-door spiders make, As these prove to be very intelli—
gent creatures, I believe they vary in the construction of the nest as the conditions of
their environment varies, and that they adopt that plan which provides for them the
safest abode, and at the same time will serve them the best asa trap. At the same
time we must not lose sight of a common type, which, with some useful variations,
each species follows; though species of different genera may make the same kind of
a nest, and be identical in food habit, species of the same genus may vary with re-
gard to the common type; so that the use of nests, and food habits, becomes of less
value than has been heretofore supposed by some for purposes of classification.

Mr. Moggridge says, ‘‘H. A. and T. D. Spiders’’ Supplement, pp. 236, and 237;
the ranze and distribution of a species largely depend upon the nature of its food,
and this will also be an indication of the rivals etc. —‘‘and in many cases even the
structure and position ofits dwelling place will be governed by this same all—import-
ant question of food supply.”’

Rev. O. P. Cambridge, at that time came to this conclusion, ‘‘and in the present
case it is very important, as well as interesting, to conclude with some certainty that
differences of type in the tubular nests of the spiders Mr. Moggridge has observed so
closely and accurately, are joined to well marked specific differences etc. ‘‘Harvest-
ing Ants and 'Trap-Door Spiders, Supplement. p. 301’’. Later, Cambridge doubts
such close union of specific character and architectural habit, for he finds nests of Aty-
pus piceus varying greatly in construction. (Annals of Nat. Hist. 1878, 5th series,
Vol. I, p. 107.) From nests madein captivity, I know that Pachylomerus turris
and WNidivalvata angustata make different nests according as the environments
change.

(To be continued. )
i

A monograph of the species of the subfamilies Eucnemine, Cerophyti-
nz and Perothopinae inhabiting the United States. By George H. Horn, M.D.
Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xiii p. 58. February 1886.

The species in these groups are mostly rare, and are very generally
wrongly named in collections. The present paper is therefore very time-
ly since it not only calls attention to the insects, but enables students to
straighten out their material. It would be interesting to discover some-
thing of the habits of these species. Most of them are accidental finds and
no one knows exactly where to look for them with any certainty of success.

i —

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S

(Continued from p. 103.)

SCHIZAX Lec,
A single species is contained in this genus;
S. senex Lec. S. M. C. No. 264, 1873, p. 196.
Length .52-.68 in.=13-17 mm. Hab. Arizona,

Opaque black, clothed with cinereous pubescence, the sutural lat-
eral and apical margin of elytra fulvo pubescent. Protherax strongly,
elytra slightly punctured.

TYLOSIS Lec.

Contains two species: black, beneath with sparse white pubescence,
thorax and elytra red with or without black spots, which are very varia—

ble. They are separated as follows:
Elytra red with black spots, thorax red with several black spots, (Plate I, fig.

ci) a nnn. . SMMemeS ToC aSe So og a tisS ~ maculata.
Elytra red without spots, thorax red with black ea at middle of each side.
octane!

T. maculata Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2. II, p. 9; Col. of Kansas, 1859, p. 20, t. 2,
fig. 15; puncticollis Klug. Dej. Cat. 3 ed. p. 348; sellata Lec. 1.c. IV, 1858, p. 25.
Length .36-.68 in.=9-17 mm, Hab, Tex., Ariz, and New Mexico,

T. oculata Lec. l.c. II, p.9. Length .q45 in.=11 mm. Hab, Mexican Bdy.

. CROSSIDIUS, Lee.

A, Prothorax subquadrate.

Black, clothed with long gray hair; elytra very densely punctured, punctures very
coarse at the base, becoming finer behind; front tibiz: with a dense brush of
hai Omthesinnenside.) <5 sc.) petted t-te icteiel- tele ete Poe tet -el tials ater.

B. Prothorax rounded and subtuberculate on the sides.
Elytra very coarsely punctured towards the base, punctures smaller behind.
Head, antennz and legs black; under surface and pronotum black or 1ulous;
elytra rufo-testaceous with basal margin and sutural blotch black, the latter
usually narrow or wanting in g', broader in Q.............. punctatus.
Testaceous, antennz fuscous, legs ferruginous; elytra with two costae more dis-
Huck than anitie ObieriSpecies . smemeemete tet tee fare oils =) fell iel eile testaceus.
Testaceous, antennz fuscous, legs ferruginous; elytra without coste, suture black,
broaderan, ©: 2icc) c= s1 a:0/oft ieh- ctteetelet tel >i-)=/~!aln\0:<!e «1 fnlelakelae intermedius.
Smaller, legs, antennze and head black; under surface yellow, trunk frequently,
abdomen rarely blackish; pronotum more or less black; elytra yellow with
humeral spot and sutural blotch more or less dilated, black. .. pulchellus.
Elytra less coarsely punctured, punctures smaller towards the tip.
Black, abdomen usually ferruginous; elytra rufo-testaceous, with basal margin
and usually the whole of the suture black, the blotch never very much dil-
ated; front tibize with a dense brush of hair on inner side........ hirtipes.
C, Prothorax rounded on the sides, not angulated.
Elytra densely and finely punctured.

.

Piceous without lustre, very densely clothed with dirty yellow hair; sides of ely-
tra broadly testaceous, blending imperceptibly into dark color; beneath tes-
taceous and very hairy; antenne and legs black............ Allgewahri.

Elytra more coarsely punctured. ?
Dull testaceous, densely pubescent; punctures of elytra dense, fier behind;
thorax with two dorsal callosities; markings of elytra varying from a short

humeral vitta to a complete picequs vitta and dilated sutural stripe.........
humeralis.

Bright red, antennze, postpectus and head black; elytra coarsely punctured,
punctures denser and somewhat smaller behind, basal band and sutural
blotch black, the latter very broad in both sexes.... ... .... discoideus.

C. ater Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1861, p. 356. Length .40o-.52 in.=10-13 mm.
Hab. Utah, Cal.

C. punctatus Lec, S. M. C. No. 264, 1873, p. 197. Length .52-.68 in.=13-
17mm. Hab. Or. Cal.

C. testaceus Lec. J A. Phil. ser. 2, II, 1852, p. 102. Length .48 in.=12mm
Hab, Cal. Col.

C. intermedius Ulke Wheel. Rept. Geogr Expl. V, p. $13, t. XI, f. 1. Length
.60 in.=15 mm. Hab. Arizoia, New Mexico.

C. pulchellus Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1861, p. 356. Length .40-.52 in.=10-13
mm. Hab. Cal., Col., New Mexico, Utah.

C. hirtipes Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil 1854, p. 18; Ent. Rept. 1857, p. 61. Length
-49-.48 in.=10-12 mm. Hab. Cal., Oregon, W. T:, Utah.

C. Allgewahri Lec. Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, IV, 2, p. 461. North Amer. Ent.
I, p. 1, pl. I, fig. 1. Length .40-.53 m.=10 13.3mm. MHab. Idaho.

C. humeralis Lec. J. A. Phil. IV, 1, 1858, p. 25. Length .40-.48 in.—=10-12
mm. Hab. New Mexico, Texas.

C. discoideus Say, J. A. P. II], p. 411; pulchrior Bland. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Phil. I, p. 472. Length .36-.48 in.=9-12 mm. Hab. Idaho, Col., Ariz., Mont.,
Neb., New Mexico.

All the species of Crossedius seem subject to variation in color and
marking, a careful discussion of which beyond what is included in our
synopsis will be found in S. M. C. No, 264, p. 197 and in Dr, Horn’s
recent paper on the genus in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, p. 177.

SPHAENOTHECUS, Dup.

Contains one species,

S. suturalis Lec. J. A. P. IV, 1, 1858, p. 25- Length .40-48 in.=10-12 mm.
Hab. Texas and New Mexico, Ariz., Cal.

Easily distinguished by the white pubescence, which, very sparsely
scattered over, the elytra is arranged ina dense and very conspicuous
narrow line at the suture. The prothorax is deeply, but sparsely punct-
ured and rounded on the sides, and the scutellum moderate and also
clothed with white pubescence. Color reddish brown or black. Anten-

nz Q longer, J nearly twice as long as body.

ee 2A

PERARTHRUS, Lee.

Contains one species.

P, vittatus J. A. P. ser. 2, IJ, p. 102. Length .55 in.=14mm. Hab. Cal.

“Black, deeply punctured, clothed with erect gray hairs; thorax
strongly transverse, narrowed at apex, convex, bi-sinuate at base, round-
ed at the sides. with a small shining callosity at the middle and a_ basal
spot each side golden pubescent; elytra black with two smooth elevated
yellow lines; legs red, tarsi black. The scutellum is covered with dense
yellow hair; the exterior vitta of elvtra abbreviated at each end and the
anterior portion of epipleurae yellow.”

(To be continued, )

New Species of Geometridae, No. 2.
By Gro. D, Hutsr,

1, Tetracis jubararia, sp. nov.

Expands 42mm. ‘The size and much the shape of 7. aurantiacaria Pack. The
head and thorax are ochreous, palpi dark ochreous, dark brown at tip. Antenne
and abdomen light ochreous. ‘The wings are orange ochreous, quite uniform. The
t. a. line is rounded, angulate at the middle, the t. p. line oblique, sinuate; both dark
brown and heavier than usual. There is also a basal cross line of the same color,
starting at costa and running straight across reaching inner margin at t. a. line.
Fringe reddish brown. The wings are much marked with brownish striations on the
outer third. Hind wings lighter ochreous, darkest without. Outer line on the in-
ner half of the wing. All discal spots present and prominent above and below. Be-
neath hind wings ochreous, loosely but definitely striated with brown, fore wings
light ochreous, and without striations along inner margin. T. p. line very dark and
heavy on the anterior half only of all wings.

1 Q, Wash. T. Coll. Holland. Between 7. awrantiacaria Pack.

and 7. melhtularia Hust.

2. Leucula lacteolaria sp. noy.

Expands 36 mm. Head light ochreous. Body and wings thinly scaled pure
silky milk white. On the fore wings are two jet black, very fine, slightly wavy lines,
running parallel with each other, and the outer margin. The apex is very rounded,
outer edge very retreating, the wing itself very narrow, so the lines are very oblique.
There is an indicated basal line present. Fringes black along margin between veins.
Beneath as above with lines fainter but distinct. Legs light ochreous or white, black
in front.

1 Q, Ariz. Coll, Hulst.

Differs from Guenee’s species in that .the veins are not marked with
gray. The wings are much narrower. The lines are waved black much
finer and more oblique, and the legs differ in color.

3. Heterolocha ephelidaria sp. nov.

This insect is of the same size and shape as 7. edwardsaria Pack.

of which it may be a variety. It is cream white in color, generally with-

=a

out any striations and these always few and faint. It has no outer or in-
ner darkening of color. It ordinarily has no indications of the t. p. line,
though this when evident runs as in 4. edwardsaria. I have seen spe-
cimens of A. edwardsar.a where the marginal band was very faint but
the color of the wings always remained yellow.

1 og’, 1 Q, Nev. Coll. Hulst.

4. Drepanodes syzygiaria sp. nov.

Expands 27 mm. Wings of a nearly uniform warm yellowish fawn. T, a. line
wanting; t. p. line silky white, unmargined, very fine, reflected to costa at a right
angle. Wings beyond t. p. line violet shaded. Beneath as above with indication of a
marginal darker band. Discal spots black, small above on all wings, below on hind
wings. Fore wings broad, hardly falcate almost rectangular. Costa strongly arched;
antenne strongly pectinated, very long.

2 o, Fla. Coll. Neumcegen, Hulst, Near D. olzonaria and D.
perizomaria but may be known especially by the much lengthened anten-

nz and nearly rectarfgular fore wings.

5. Geometra illustraria sp. nov.

Expands 38 to 44 mm. The form found in Cal. and referred to
by Dr. Packard, (Geom. Moths p, 394), but not by him thought worthy
aname. It seems to me however to be different from the eastern spe-
cies. It is uniformly of much greater size; it is in color uniformly of a
very different shade of green; the cross lines are narrower, not edged
with yellowish or purplish, are much straighter; there is not the same
tendency to a whitening of the veins on the submarginal space: there is
none of the bluish cast upon the submarginal space. Till further knowl-
edge is had, I think it must be considered a valid species.

Cal, Coll, Hy. Edwards, Hulst.

6. Anaplodes festaria sp. nov.

Expands 30 mm. Differs from A. pistacearia Pack. in being of a lighter more
vivid silky green; by having two cross lines on all wings; by having the fringe pink,
and a narrow margin of bright red on wings; by having the wings more extended
and pointed. The green of the wings is much striated with white in long very fine
silky lines, Cross lines fine, white, the inner rounded near base, the outer parallel
with the outer margin.

to, 5 Q Cal. Ariz. Coll. Hy. Edwards, Neumcegen, Hulst.

7. Aplodes zygotaria sp. nov.

Expands 28 mm. Head ochreous in front, white on vertex. Antennz white.
Wings, body, aud anterior portion of abdomen deep pea green. Costa narrowly
white. Fringes green. Lines white very like A. mimosaria two on each wing. Be-
neath all wings lighter green, Fore tibiz green; otherwise legs white.

1g’, 6 Q, Texas. Coll. Graef, Hulst.

8. Racheospila xysteraria sp. nov.

Expands 19mm. Head and palpi red; antennz and between antenne white.
Thorax light green; abdomen pink dorsally, white laterally and beneath. Tufts
on abdomen white edged with red. Wings light green, two faint rather broad white
lines on fore wings. Fore wings red at base of costa. Costa towards apex, and out-

Entomologica Americana. 17 August 1886,

—122—

er edge of all wings edged wi-h red; hind wings red also on anal margin, At the
middle of fore wings at margin, and at outer angle is a large red spot, also at middle
of hind wings at margin. The red margin of hind wings broadens at anterior and
anal angle. Discal spots red, annulate, white within. Fringe alternating white and
red. Beneath nearly white, the red showing at apex, discal points, and marginal
blotches.

1) Pla: Coll, Hulst.

g. Nemoria tepperaria sp. nov.

Expands 18mm. Head, body, and wings dull ochreous green very much as in
some specimens of WV. subcroceala Wlk.; the antennz and head between lighter.
Palpi pink on last segment. Wings crossed outwardly by a very faint white line, de-
terminate principally onthe veins, parallel to the outer margin; an inner line very faint-
ly indicated on fore wings; hind wings quadrate, undulate on outer margin, with a very
prominent angle at middle. All wings with a very narrow brown marginal line. Beneath
much lighter, unicolorous. Legs very light ochreous, except fore tibiae which are pink,

1’, t Q, Ga. N, Car. Coll) Edwards, Tepper.

This insect has the general appearance of Nemorta subcroceata Wik.
but is easily recognised by the undulating outer margins, and exaggera-
ted angle on hind wings, and dark brown marginal hne,

10. Eucrostis hollandaria sp. nov.

Expands 27 mm, Front ochreous, antennze and vertex white, palpi very long
as in Racheospila, bright red. “Thorax and wings deep green. Costa white, fringe
and narrow marginal line red, interrupted by green at end of veins. No cross lines
present, but in their place near ba-e of fore wings are three brownish red points
forming a curve, and outwardly a row of points of same color, nearly
parallel with edge of wing, one on each vein. Near anal angle two are
very much enlarged (the anterior one much the larger) become confluent, and
inclose each a pure white space. On hind wings an outer bent row of same colored
points, one oneach vein, with the one nearest inner margin much enlarged, annulate,
inclosing white space. D.scal points distinct, brownixh. Beneath light green, fring-
esas above. ‘he annulate spots above are reproduced though less distinct; discat
spots as above, but less distinct. Other points very faint or obsolete.

1 Q, Fla. Coll. Holland,
Eucrostis jaSpidiaria, sp. nov.
Size and markings of E. hollandaria differing principally in that there are no
annulate spots on any of the wings. Colora darker green. Wings more pointed,

less rounded.
2 g\. Fla. Coll. Hy. Edwards, Hulst. I name this with a strong

suspicion it may prove to be the ¢ of the preceding species. But the
prominent point of difference the annulate spots is remarkable. and so
far as I know unique, and till further knowledge is obtained I must re-

gard the species as distinct.
12. Eucrostis saltusaria sp. nov.

Expands 20 to 26mm. Front bright green, palpi, tibize,- and femora of fore
legs, red. Vertex and antennze white, the latter ochreous beneath. Thorax and
base of abdomen bright green. Posterior part of abdomen white. Wings rather a
dull deep green, Fore wings with a narrow white basal line, zigzag with two sharp
angles outwardly. Discal spots long, white, angular, those on hi d wings forming a

continuation of basal line on fore wings. Outer line much bent on both wings, to-
wards and below middle scalloped with points on veins and these continued on veins
to a marginal white line broader below apex and at inner angle, the latter space in-
closing a deep red somewhat broken spot, which in the (j' is continued part way a-
long the edge as a marginal line. Hind wings as fore wings, with inclosed red spot
at anal angle, connected along edge as a marginal red line. Fringes dull white.
Beneath very pale green, lines very faintly reproduced.

2 3, 2 Q. Fla, Coll. Hy, Edwards, Neumoegen, Hulst.

This insect has very strongly the appearance of a Phoradesma, but
the tibial amature of Lucrostis.

13. Chlorosea grefiaria sp. nov.

Expands 34 mm. Palpi white, front reddish brown, antennz white ochreous be-
low. ‘Thorax and forewings white faintly tipped with green. Abdomen and hind
wings pure white the latter along the outer margin very faintly tinged with green.
Ali fringes green, A single outer somewhat broad white line on fore wings, oblique,
nearer outer edge than in C. nevadaria and starting from costa nearer apex. Be-
neath pure white with very faint greenish tinge on fore wings along costa. Legs
white.

2 Q, Nevada, Coll. Graef, Tepper.

14. Cheimatobia bruceata sp. nov.

While describing the above Geomefride@ I wish to call attention to
what is to me a very interesting addition to insect history. One of our
common Geometers is the so called Chermatobia boreata Hubn, The in-
sect described under this name is common in Europe. It has been
rather remarkable that, till very lately, the Q has never been discovered
in America. Dr. Packard says in his Monograph the © has never yet
been taken, and till last spring I heard no account ofit. At that
time I received a letter from Mr. Bruce of Brockport N. Y., saying he
had carried Jarve through to imagines, and that the Q was entirely dif-
ferent from C. doreafa Hubn. of Europe, and that this insect, which had
been looked upon as identical with another, was a very different thing.
Mr, Bruce asked me to give ita name, which I do by giving it the spe-
cific name of éruceafa, after the veteran and successful Lepidopterist who
ascertained its history,

The Q of this species, (1 have several before me), is almost entire-
ly wingless. It has just the merest rudiments of wings. And from its
color and size, I have no doubt that it has, if taken, been looked upon
asthe Q of one of the species of Avisgpieryx. It is of a grayish black
color. Antenne and legs annulated with white. Thorax and abdomen
marked above more or less with blackish. It is rather small, the dried
gpecimens being 5 to 7 mm. in length,

Aiter knowing that they are not the same, it is easy to note differ-
ences in the males of these two hitherto confused species. In C. bruceaia
the cross lines are finer, more distinct, more evenly scalloped, and more
numerous in the average of specimens than in C. doreafa. The wings

—124—

are more uniform in color, and show less of a tendency to a band; the
veins are more distinctly lined and the outer angle is less rounded and
retreating. The submarginal line on the fore wings is less rounded in
at the costa, and on the hind wings is much nearer the outer margin.

The Q of C. bruceata can not be Phigalia cinctarta French, Ills.
Reports Vol. VII, p. 241, described from the Q only, as the wings are
much more developed in cicfaria, and the insect is more than twice as
large apart from differences in details.

a

Note on Quadrina diazoma, Grove.
By Joun B, Situ.

In Mr. Grote’s catalogue of 1882, Quadrina diazoma is placed
in the ‘‘Hemileucini’ and is associated with Hemileuca, Hyperchiria and
Coloradia, which are all typical Bombycids. ‘The genus and species had
been a great puzzle to me, and being unrepresented in N.Y. collections I
wrote Prof. Snow, for information. On a recent visit to Washington,
Prof. Snow kindly brought me the unique type which is in poor condi-
tion. I saw at a glance thatthe insect was wrongly placed in the catalogue,
and very little study decided me in placing it with the Cossidae, with
strong tendencies in appearance to Hepra/us-a tendency which the vena-
tion of the primaries emphasizes, while the secondaries are Cossvd.
Primaries with 12 veins, the Ist or only internal being sinuate.
The cell is very short, and the median vein gives rise to 2 near its incep-
tion; to 3 at about its middle, and to 4 and 5 close together at the tip: 6
and 7 are on a stalk from the end of the subcostal vein: 8 arises near the
tip, 9 and 10 are onastalk about one third from tip, and vein 10 runs
to the apex: v. 11 runs from the middle of the sub-costal to the costa
about one-fifth from tip. The cell is closed by an angulated vein at tip.
On the secondaries there are two internal veins. The cell is shorter than
in the primaries and is closed in the same way; 2 arises from the
middle of cell, 3, 4 and 5 close together at the tips: 6 is straight from
the upper angle of cell and a direct continuation of the sub-costal:
7 arises from the sub-costal close to base and is connected near its incep-
tion by a cross vein with the costal vein, which is sinuate and has a short
spur at base. Essentially this is also the venation of Géoveria.
There appears to be no frenelum, The tongue is obsolete and the
palpi are short. The antennze are moderately long the joints very
short, lengthily bipectinated. There appear to be no ocelli. The
legs are moderately long, the median and hind tibie each witha pair of
short terminal spurs. The anterior tibia have the epiphyses reduced to
a small tubercle ina shallow depression. ‘The tarsi are strongly spined
and the clawsare simple. In color the insect is a dull, even luteous red
with traces of an outer broken black band. Altogether this is a remark-
able insect, and the genus is probably a good one, nearly related to
Gloveria but belonging to the Cosside.

VOL. II. BROOKLYN, OCTOB. & NOVEMB. 1886. NO.7& 8

Notes on Scolytus unispinosus, Lec.

By Joun B. Smiru.

A few days since (July 12, ’86.) Mr, L, E. Ricksecker of Sylvania,
Occidental P.O. Calif. sent me a section of Douglass spruce (Adzes doug-
Jas’) infested by a Scolytid, about which he writes as follows: ‘‘The
wood is a small section from the upper limb of a Douglass spruce, which
was cut down on April gth 86. Many species of Coleoptera attacked
the tree on the same evening ina perfect swarm, Next day and there-
after but few of these were seen. Other species however made their ap-
pearance, and among these were numbers of Scoly/us unispinosus Lec,

For a week I could see them moving hurridly up and down the limbs of ™

the prostrate tree. Then they became less, and by May 6th only a_ few
stragglers could be found.

Noticing that something was boring in these limbs and throwing out
little piles of dust, I cut out patches of bark, and found in every case two
Scolytus occupying a straight gallery; one, presumably the male, being
at the opening, and the other at the farend. At that date, May 6th to
roth, the burrows were about an inch long—now (July 4th) the main
burrow is two to three inches long, with about 26 side galleries on each
side, diverging therefrom. The parent beetles are gone. but at the end
of each side gallery is a larva, working farther and farther away from the
main gallery. They work only in the layer of bark nearest the wood
leaving a slight impression of their galleries on the wood. When full
grown they turn towards the surface and there await their transforma-
tions,”

Teo

‘Yo this interesting account of Mr. Ricksecker a few notes based on
the specimen (now in the National Museum) and on the literature, may
be not uninteresting.

The specimen shows two complete main galle-
ries with the larval galleries—about 30 in a length
of one and three-quarter inches—at irregular in-
tervals on each side. ‘These extend at first at right
angles, with the main gallery, but become sinuous
almost immediately, and the larve change their
direction, working upwards above, and downwards
below the middle of the main burrow. Those
larvae nearest to the centre work longer at right angles
but eventually turn either upward or downward,
and sometimes change the course of the gallery.
One gallery shows a larva that first worked at right
angles for a distance and then started downward un-
til it came very close to another gallery—rather than
enter this it changed its course, went obliquely up-
ward for a distance and then again turned downwards
at rightangles. Two larval galleries from the same
main gallery rarely cross each other, but sometimes two main galleries
are close together and then the larval galleries cross and re-cross in the
wildest confusion. The main galleries are sunken about as deeply into
the wood as in the bark; but the larval galleries are deeper in the bark.
At the point of entrance there is an enlargement of the gallery ofa size
sufficient to permit the beetle to turn.

There are also, in the specimen, five main galleries with either no
larval galleries at all, or just started. One of these galleries is interesting
for here the beetle came in, formed a small cell, and started downward
for half an inch, then changed its mind, and, turning, started upward
for about an inch. In the main galleries no eggs seem to be laid within
4 mm. of the entrance. Before the parent beetle has finished its burrow
the eggs laid nearest the entrance have hatched and the larval galleries
will be from 3—4 mm. in length at the entrance before the last eggs are
deposited.

In general appearance the galleries of wmspmosus resemble most
nearly those of the European Sc. z/ricafus. But the most interesting
point in Mr. Ricksecker’s communication is the food tree. No other
species of Scolyfus whose food habits are recorded lives on Conifers. All
attack deciduous trees. So striking a departure from the general habits
of the genus is rather remarkable and furnishes another instance of the
dangers of ‘‘reasoning from analogy”. Mr. E. A. Schwarz has kindly

—127—

furnished me with a list of food plants of the European and American
species which is as follows:

Sc. amygdah = Amygdalus.

Sc. Ratzeburgi = Betula.

Sc. carpint = Carpinus.

Sc. pruni and rugulosus = Pyrus, Prunus, Crategus,
Sc. intricatus: Quercus,
Sc. Geoffroyt, pygmaeus, Kirschi. multsiriatus = Ulmus.

The American species of which the food habits are known, are the
following:

Sc. quadrispinesus; Carya,

Sc. fagt: Celtis, Fagus (?).

Sc. muicus: Celtis.

Sc. rugulosus:; Prunus, Pyrus. (Imported from Europe. )

Sc. unispmosus: Abies Douglass,

Of the remaining five species Sc. californicus is tolerably common
in collections, but the others appear to be exceedingly rare: in fact it is
questionable whether any but the typical specimens are known. The
second food plant of Sc. fag? (Fagus) is somewhat in doubt. Dr. Le-
conte (Rhynch. p. 372) says: ‘‘depredates on beech trees according to
Mr. Walsh”; but on referring to Mr. Walsh’s original article (Pract. Ent.
II, p. 58) we find the following statement: ‘‘I obtained many specimens
in South Illinois, from what I believe was a beech.” Thus it still re-
mains somewhat doubtful whether the species really infests the beech.

Dr, Hamilton states (Can. Ent. XVII, 1885, p. 48) that Scody/us
rugu/osus breeds in Hickory twigs, but Mr. Schwarz (Proc. Ent. Soc.
Washington, I, No. 1. p- 30) maintains that this Hickory species is
different from rugudosus and apparently undescribed.

rif 0 0 ie

In the Entom. Mo. Mag. Sept. 1886 p. 85, Mr. George Lewis de-
scribes a Brathinus oculatus from Japan. Hitherto this genus has been
supposed to be exclusively American, two species being known in our
fauna. The occurence of the species is therefore of great interest to stu-
dents of Geographical distribution.

* =
*

In the Stettiner Ent, Zeitschrift Vol. 47, p. 215, Martin Jacoby de-
scribes Oedionychus cretica from the Island of Crefa, This is also a new
locality for this genus which is very rich in America, rare in Madagascar
and Siam and has not been heretofore known in the European fauna.

—128——

Descriptions of some New Trap-Door Spiders; Their
Nests and Food habits.

By Geo. F. ATKINSON.
(Continued from p. 117.)

DESCRIPTIONS.

Prefatory Note. It is not surprising that in a collection of some 40
specimens there would be found several species, nor that a large number of
these would prove to be new and undescribed forms, where so little atten-
tion has been given to spiders in general, and especially those of the order
Territelarie, as has been given in America.

It has been a great pleasure to me to observe the nests and habits of
so many of these creatures, which by their solitary and secluded life gen-
erally escape our observation. It has seemed necessary, that, in connec-
tion with interesting descriptions of their nests, architectural and food
habits, these forms should be described and named. So interested have
I become during the past year in the work of N. M. Hentz, that it would
have given me more pleasure to find a specimen described by him than
to finda new form. I feel sure that I have found one of his species, and
possibly one other related species. 1 undertook the work of description
with great reluctance, and have found it to be no small task. But my
labors have been greatly lessened, and I have been sensibly encour-
aged by the kindness of Dr. Geo. Marx, of Washington, Prof. J. H.
Emerton and Samuel Henshaw of Boston, Dr. Marx loaned me works
from his private library, Prof. Emerton, placed for my study his excellent
collection of Arachnological publications, and specimens for comparison,
which are now in the Mass. Inst. Tech., and showed me further kindness
in directing me to the most useful works in the Library of the Boston
Natural History Society, Mr. Henshaw also aided me in the same way
and gave me the use of the specimens of Zerrielaria which are in the
Museum of the Society.

I have also found works in the Boston Public Library which have
aided me.

In the value of generic and specificcharacters I have been guided by
those adopted by Anton Ausserer’, and the Rev. O. P. Cambridge’,
who have given considerable study to members of the Zerrdelarie.

I have followed the classification adopted by Ausserer in his Bee-
traege zur Kenntniss der Territelaria.

1 Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Territelariz, Auss. 1871, and Zweiter Beitrag ete.
1876.

2 Encyclopedia Britannica, gth, Ed. pp. 291 and 597, Harvesting Ants and
Trap Door Spiders, Moggridge, and Supplement.

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, VOL, II, OCT. & NOV., 1886. PLATE V.

ee! SU eee

by CLA AIOE.
2 LMM fA fff,

YEE ELL:
P awat aisiaesttical lees

Ss)

=
=

SSS

=—S

SS

==

LLL REE i,
COE ee

SSS
y
SS
SSS
SSS

SS

——

SS

SS

=—=—_

a

S>
SS
<
SS

SSS
SS

—
Ss

Ss

Ss
SSS

SS

SS

=o
—s

,

: indan. del,

—129—

I subjoin, for clearness a brief synopsis of his Classification,
Suborder Zerritelari@. ‘Vhis was divided by Thorell into 3 families,
as follows:

PUTO SACS Ent ths -Peaene sae A ORERRIREEIS > 0. ccc AL ... Catadisoide.
4, lung sacs,
Pe VVALUROULS PIUMEKEtS eras + ssc <) geen peeemer stele) seta svete =e * Liphist: idice.

Dean Withispinmerciss ... genes. - . RRM cetetclence shety eres Therophosoide.
Vhe family Zheraphosorde, Vhorell, is further divided into three
subfamilies as follows:
Maxillee well broadened at the base, palpi inserted laterally,..Atypinz Thorell.
Maxillz little broadened at base, palpi inserted laterally,.... ................
; Eriodontine Ausserer.
Maxillee not broadened at base, palpi inserted on the end,............. ......
Theraphosinez Thorell.
The 7he~ phosine are then further divided into two groups, based
on the relative elevation of the caput above the thorax.
a. Caput well elevated, ...... 33 gaa ee Aepicephali.
be Caputmot much elevates: ri 2,.5). Waeeeie tere eset teberee' Tapinocephali.
In specific descriptions I have endeavored to not repeat characters
which seem at present generic, so that in most cases it will require both
the generic and specific characters to identify a single species; for this
reason [ have given the characters of the genus Puchylomerus, established
by Ausserer.
Family THERAPHOSOIDAE, Thorell.

Subfamily Eriodontine, Auss.
I. Genus Nidivalvata, n. gen.

(nidus, nest, valvata having folding doors.)
(Eli tieS.19, 9, 10, 13,23.)

Ceph’x litle longer than broad; greatest breadth at middle, tapering very gently
and equally to both ends; edges of posterior half slightly scalloped; small, deep, cir-
cular, depression in center from which radiate to edges of ceph’x 6 depressed lines
quite well marked. Caput well elevated, sloping to thorax gently, not broadly arched
as in Myrmekiaphila. In front, caput gently drawn toa short blunt point about
which the eyes are crowded. Eyes can be better described by speaking of ‘hem as
being in three groups; the ant-centralsa diameter or less disiant and situated at the
top and on sides of the hill; on each side of these, not far separated is a group of three
eyes forming acrescent with the concavity toward the middle group; the eyes in this
group nearly or quite touch each other. Fig. 8, Pl. V, represents the eyes as seen from —
the front at an angle of 45° to a plane parallel with the base of the ceph’x,

With this view the ant— and post-laterals form a trapezium, base at post-laterals
one-fourth larger than opposite side; height about one-third of base, post centrals
slightly in front of base of trapezium. Ant-laterals comparatively large; others vary-
ing in relative size in different species, and it may be found, that the relative position
varies also as in Pachylomerus. Maxille extended in front, but not so much as in
Eriodon. Fig. 10 represents a maxilla showing insertion of palpus. Labium triangu-
lar, distal end rounded, longer than broad at base. Mandibles strongly kneed in front
of perpendicular clypeus.

About half or less thanhalf as long as ceph’x., broad and deep, armed with a
comparatively strong fang; the inner edge only of furrow for reception of fang armed
wi h teeth; upper and inner edges of anterior half armed with short spines, which also
extend part way around base of fang.

Legs 4, I, 3, 2. 4, 1, 2, 3, Or 4, I, 2, 3; palpilong. 3 tarsal claws. Claw of
palpus unarmed, Abdomen short oval. Spinnerets 4 pair, the upper pair long and

slender.
1. Nidivalvata marxii, n. sp.t 9 I specimen.

(BE Vi es.) 8) of 10; 13523.)

Ceph’x broadly oval 6 mm. long by 5mm. broad. Caput back of ocular prom—
inence not perceptibly elevated, slope down to depression in center of ceph’x gradu-
al. Caput in front not much contracted on sides.

Radial depressions all quite deep; the posterior one of the laterals on each side
seeming to unite with the central depression. The depressions, though distinct in this
specimen, have deepened somewhat by alternately being in alcohol and in the air
while being studied.

In each anterior radial depression on sides of base of caput is a well marked de-
pression, though not deep,

Post-central eyes fully as large as the ant-centrals, eyes of the outer group almost
or quite touching. Ant-laterals dark orange, remainder transparent, legs. 4, I, 3, 2-
3rd 12mm.,, 2nd 11mm. _ Sternum longer than broad, with three distinct circular
punctures on each side. Abdomen broadly oval and bluntly rounded at each end; on
ventral surface narrowed in front.

Armature. Very few hairs; short and fine on abdomen, longer and darker on
the 4 distal joints of legs. Metatarsus IV, with a row of spines on each side, and one
on under side, with additional spines at each end; tibial V, with few long spines irreg-
ularly placed on upper side, 3 distinct rows, two on under side and one on anterior
side, with extra spinesat eachend, Patella two double rows of spines on upper surface.
Metatarsus III, 4 rows of spines, two upper and two lower edge: spines irregu-
larly placed on upper side. Patella III, patch of spines on upper anterior surface,
broadest at distal end; this is separated from a few spines on the posterior surface by
an oblique rounded line. Metatarsus II, two double rows of spines, one on anterior
surface, and one of long spines on under surface; tibia II and I, double row of long
spines on under surface, and single row of short spines on anterior surface, Metatar-
sus I, three rows of long spines on under and anterior surface. Palpus, tarsus and
tibia a somewhat double row of long spines on each side; patella, one or two spines
on anterior surface.

Labium separated from sternum by a deep furrow.

Colors. Upper surface Ceph’x and legs, olive brown. » Under surface legs dull
yellowish. Sternum a little darker. Maxillz dull rufous, with reddish hairs. Oc-
ular prominence black. Abdomen dull yellowish underneath, brownish yellow above,
with two rectangular rich dark brown spots on anterior end. Mandibles rufous. Col-
ors little changed in alcohol, not so bright however, and marks on abdomen disap—

peared.
2. Nidivalvata angustata n. sp. © 2, specimens.

Ceph’x oblong, 53 mm. long by 4mm. broad. Caput in front below eyes per-
ceptively narrowed; caudad of ocular prominence perceptibly elevated, making the
descent to the thorax steeper than in N. marwii. Legs 4, 1, 2, 3. Anterior central
and lateral eyes dark, the others light; posterior centrals much smaller comparatively

1 In honor of Dr. Geo. Marx.

than in N. maraii, and the lateral groups of three distinctly separated. Radial fur—
rows on thorax not so deep as in N. marwii, Otherwise the same.

Il Genus MYRMEKIAPHILA, pn. gen.

(murmekia, ants nest or hill, philos loving.)
(Pl. V, figs. 6, 7, 12, r4 and 22.)

Ceph’x perceptibly longer than broad, nearly 4: crescent shaped depression 4.
distance from posterior edge, convexity caudad, ends not so extended as in Pachylo-
merus; 6 radial lines, sometimes quite indistinct. Greatest width about the middle,
narrowing gently to the anterior end, and more perceptibly toward posterior end.
Caput large, high and broadly arched in the anterior 3, then steeply descending to
depression and also narrowing on the sides to this point.

Eyes. Anterior and posterior laterals forming a rectangle, the height of which
is equal to two-fifths the base. Ant-laterals oval, largest; post-centrals near the post-
laterals; ant-centrals in a line about # from base of rectangle. Legs 4,1, 2,3. Lab—
ium, trapezoidal, shorter than broad at base. Maxillze extending forward not quite
so much in proportion as in Nidivalvata. See fig. 12, Plate V.

Mandibles, half or more than half as long as ceph’x slightly kneed in front of
margin of caput, armed with a strong fang.

Inner edge only of groove for reception of fang armed with short teeth; front of
mandible, on the inside of the insertion of fang drawn out into a three cornered toothed
projection, much as in Pachylomerus, but a little smaller; short teeth along anterior
half of inner upper edge of mandibles, and few at base of fang. Abdomen elongate,
cylindrical, tapering gently to each end, Spinerets 4, upper pair medium size and
length.

I have been somewhat in doubt about placing this genus in the sub-
family Z7¢odontine, asit has some affinities with members of the subfam-
ily Zheraphosine, division 4picephai. But I think, after a comparison
of the maxilla, with those of C/emza, Nemesia, and Lurypelma, some
species of which havea prolongation of the inner distal end, that the char-
acter of the maxillze would place it in the subfamily Lrzodontne. If how-
ever it should prove to belong to the Zheraphosinae, it would constitute a
genus related with, Aepycephalus, Cteniza, Cyrtocarenum, and Cyrtauche-
nus, in the group Aepycephal. It can however be separated easilv from

these genera by the following characters.’

Aepycephalus. ‘‘Head high and somewhat pointed, ceph’x broad as long, side
eyes form a trapezium, lip broad as long etc.”’

Cteniza. ‘‘Sideeyes form atrapezium. Lip somewhat three cornered, spinner—
ets short and thick. Abdomen great, eggformed etc.”

Cyrtocarenum. ‘‘Ceph’x as in Cteniza; but head broader in front. Eyes occu—
py whole breadth of head, abdomen and spinerets as in Cteniza etc.’’

Cyrtauchenius. ‘‘Form of Ceph’x, and position of eyes as in Oyrtocarenum,
mandibles not drawn into a point etc.”’

As the nesting and food habits singularly resemble those of mem—

bers of the genus Vemesza, and the form of the abdomen also, it might

be confounded with that genus, which belongs to the group of Zherapho-—

1 Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Territelarize, Auss. Pp- 150, 151, 152, 156
and 161.

—'42--

sine called Tupinocephal, as Nemesia, being related to the genera above
mentioned represents the passage from the Aepycephati to the Tapinoceph-
alt, The generic characters’ given by Ausseret* however easily distin-
‘guish it.

Nemesia. “Head low, little elevated above the thorax. Depression with the
concavity behind.”

The specimen of Vemesta caementaria which I saw in the Museum
of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist is readily distinguished generically from
this.

1. Myrmekiaphila foliata,n. sp. © 5 specimens. (PI. V, figs. 6, 7, 12, 14,
and 22.)

In addition to the generic characters are the following specific characters. An-
terior central eyes? situated from each other about one diameter. Posterior lateral
eyes a little larger than the ant-centrals, Post-centrals slightly angulated, a little
smaller than the ant-centrals, each one about a diameter distant from the corres—
ponding post-lateral, and situated a very little cephalad of the base of rectangle
bounding the lateral eyes. Ant-centrals on point of hill higher than the others.
Ant-laterals lowest; these and the post-laterals situated at base of the low hill for
the eyes.

Legs of one of largest specimens. 4th, 21 mm. 3d, 14; mm. 2d, 16mm. Ist,
17 mm,, palpus 11.5 mm, Ceph’x 9 x 7 mm.

In the anterior radial lines, on each side of the caput is an elongated shallow
depression. Two lateral radials on each side show a long, narrow, shallow depres-
sion, post radials indistinct in some. Edges of ceph’x slightly crenate, and showing
shallow, irregular depressions: posterior margin emarginate. Caput 3.5 mm, eleva-
ted above thorax.

Sternum 5 mm long by 3.75 mm broad, broadest part one-third distance from
posterior end, distinctly angled. Labium slightly emarginate. Abdomen 10 mm
long by 7 mm broad.

Armature. Very few hairs, more perciptible on abdomen, and still more so on
the three and four distal joints of the legs, where the hairs are darker. Tarsus 1V
one or two spines on anterior side. Metatarsus IV with four or five long spines on
under side, distal end 1 or 2 near centre. Tibia IV with scattered stiff hairs. Patel-
la IV, upper and anterior side with numerous slender spines, with quite a strong base.
A broad longitudinal denuded space on upper side, divides this patch of hairs. Fe-
mur [V with a number of spines on distal upper end. Tarsus III, 2 spines on under
side. Metatarsus III, 1 or 2 spines on under, distal end, I or 2 more near middle;
two rows 3 or 4 spines each on upper anterior, and posterior edge. Upper surface
of tibia and patella III, covered with spines, which are divided into two patches by an
oblique, denuded, narrow space, ‘Tibia III, shorter than patella III. Tarsus II, 1
or 2 spines on posterior under edge; metatarsus I] and | with 2 or 3 spines on under,
distal end, and 2 or three near middle. Dense row of hairs on anterior and posterior
side of tarsus and metatarsus I; palpus, tarsus as in I; tibia with spine on under
distal end, and one or two near middle. Labium separated from sternum by a deep

1 Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Territelariz, Auss. p. 165.

2 It seems unnecessary to repeat the description.of the eyes so far as given for
the genus. Some variation should, however be allowed for other species which may
be found.

furrow. Maxillae and labium with very short, brown, strong spines at the oral ex-
tremities.

Colors. Ceph’x dull olive with a rufous tinge; legs more decidedly rufous, ex-
cept the femora which are paler and indistinctly tinged with green. Mandibles,
sternum, maxillee and labium decidedly rufous. Ends of mandibles darker. Ocular
prominence black; posterior eyes light; others usually black. Abdomen dull yellow-
ish; broad longitudinal dorsal band of delicate brown, from which branch on each
side 7 bands of same color, extending down midway of abdomen. Above colors
from alcoholic specimens. In some specimens the alcohol has entirely effaced the
foliation on the abdomen, but it was distinct in all the specimens when alive. When
alive the femora were of a delicate light, olive green,

Subfamily THERAPHOSINAE.
Group A£picephali.
I. Genus PACHYLOMERUS Ausserer.

*‘Cephaluthorax nur wenig linger als breit, lang, nach hinten allmahlig abfallend.
Die halbkreisf6rmige, nach vorn gedffnete Riickengrube etwas hochliegend, da von
hier der Thorax nach hinten noch fast unter demselben Winkel sich abdacht wie der
Kopf, wiihrend bei verwandten Gattungen hinter der Grube der Thorax fast hori-
zontal verliuft. — Augen etwas gedriingt, auf niedrigem Hiigel. Die vier ovalen
Seitenaugen die gréssten, mitsammen ein Rechteck bildend, dessen Héhe gleich der
halben Basis. Vordere Mittelaugen héher stehend als die Seitenaugen. Mandibles
stark, wenig linger als hoch, in eine mit Dornen bewaffnete Spitze vorgezogen.
Falzrand beiderseits mit einer Reihe starker Ziihne bewaffnet. Lippe so lang, als
am Grunde breit, vorn zugespitzt. Die Extremitaiten der beiden Hinterpaare auf-
fallend verdickt, ihre Schenkel in der untern Hiilfte bauchig aufgetrieben. Tibia III
kiirzer als Patelia III, oben an der Wurzel mit tiefem Eindrucke. Die beiden vor—
deren Fusspaare und die Palpen Q etwas schwach, ihre beiden Endglieder unten
flach und beiderseits mit einem breiten Bande kurzer, starker, dichtgedringter
Stacheln bewaffnet. Abdomen miissig gross, eiférmig. Spinnwarzen vier, etwas
dick und kurz,” !

Ausserer takes P. glaber Dall., as type of this genus and says: ‘‘ob
die iibrigen vorlaufig hier eingereihten Arten wirklich hierher gehéren,
lasst sich bei den etwas mangelhaften Beschreibungen nicht mit voller
Sicherheit bestimmen.’”

P. carolinensis Hentz, was one of those to which he refers, I think
he was right in placing it in this genus, but for the relative position of
the eyes, and some slight difference in the form of the labium there
should be allowed some variation in generic character, which he un-
doubtedly would have done, had he the opportunity to see the spe-
cimens.

1. Pachylomerus carabivorus, n. sp. Q. 5 specimens. (Plate V, figs. 1 and
4, and 20.)

Eyes. Anterior and posterior laterals forming a trapezium; base of which
formed by the post-laterals one-fifth longer than the opposite side. Height about one-
third of base. View of eyes taken perpendicularly to a plane parallel with the ven—

1 Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Territelarize, Auss., p. 145 and 146.
2 Idem, p. 146.

Entomologica Americana. 19 Oct. & Nov. 1886.

—134— '

tral surface of the ceph’x. With this view the ant- and post-lateral eyes appear ellipti-
cal in outline; but viewed from a point toward which each eye may be said to ‘‘look’’
they are nearly circular in outline, and appear like ‘dormer windows’’, from the
arched portion of the caput for each one. Fig. 3, Plate V, represents position and
relative size of the eyes as seen from the view explained above; the arrows indicate
the direction from which the greater number of rays of light enter the eyes. A line
through the center of the ant-central eyes would pass a little above a line half way
between the base and opposite side of the trapezium; ant-centrals are situated from
each other, and from the ant-laterals about one diameter; receive the rays of light
directly from above. Post-lateral eyes in line with base of trapezium, or a trifle
anterior in some specimens, receive the rays of light from a point caudo-dorsal. Ant-
lateral, largest, ant-central and post-lateral of about equal size, post-central smallest,
though in one specimen they are of equal size with the ant-central and post-—lateral.

Ceph’x a little longer than broad at widest part. In one specimen 9 mm. x 8.25
mm., another 11 mm, x 10mm. &c. U-shaped depression situated about two-
thirds of the distance from the anterior margin of the caput. Base of ceph’x 3.5 mm;
posterior angles quite sharply defined; lateral edge, from posterior angle to point of
greatest width, straight. Greatest height of ceph’x, 6 mm, Mandibles 3.5 mm.
long x 3 mm. deep. Abdomen ¥2 mm. long, whole length of spider 24.5 mm. Legs;
Ist, 16mm; 2nd, 15.25 mm; 3rd, 15.25 mm; 4th, I9.5mm. ‘These are meas-
urements taken from one individual. In some thOlegs are 4, 1, 2, 3.

Armature. ‘'Vhe legs have few hairs, though more abundant on tibia, metatarsus
and tarsus, of all the legs, and patella III and IV.

Patella IV on sides of proximal half covered with very short spines. Anterior
side of metatarsus and tarsus IV slender spines; a few spines on under side, distal
end of tibia TV. Trochanter III with a short papilla. Anterior side and upper
distal end of patella III, whole upper surface of metatarsus III, and distal end of
tibia III, covered with short, strong, black spines. On upper side of proximal end
of metatarsus III is an elongated denuded spot, which seems to be the miniature of
the smooth depression at proximal end of tibia III; tarsus III with few spines. Tibia,
metatarsus and tarsus of II and I, and tibia and tarsus of palpus, with dense row of
short, strong, black spines on anterior and posterior sides.

Sternum with few hairs on edge, longer than broad, in one specimen 6.25 mm.
by 5.75 mm., sharply angled between the articulation of the coxze; greatest breadth
between coxee II and III.

Maxillz longer than coxa I; at edge of base a clustered row of short; strong,
brown spines; densely hairy with rufous hairs on anterior edge. Labium broadest at
base, distal end truncate, anterior angles well rounded; as long or nearly as long as
broad at base; armed near distal end with a few spines similar to those on the maxil-
lee; separated from the sternum by a deep furrow.

Colors. When alive. Ceph’x and legs deep glossy black. Abdomen light
brown. Ends of mandibles, hairs on end of mandibles, and on anterior edge of
maxille reddish. Patella 1V also reddish on upper surface. Under parts lighter
colored. Membrane connecting legs to ceph’x, and the joints of the legs whitish.
When placed in alcohol the glossy black after a while disappears, and becomes a
dark rufous brown, ends of legs remaining darker because of the presence of numer-—
ous very short, black spines.

Pachylomerus carabivorus. var. emarginatus, n. var. (Q, I specimen.)

This seems to be a varietal form of P. carabivorus. Labium trapezoidal, anterior
corners rounded; shorter than broad at base. Ceph’x nearly as broad as long, 10

mm. long. Marginal configuration asin P. carabivorus, except that the posterior
margin is strongly emarginate. Whole upper portion of ceph’x seems to be elevated,
showing quite a breadth of membrane which connects it with the coxwe. Middle
portion of caput, perceptibly elevated and broadened a little caudad of the eyes.
Legs; 4th, 23.5 mm; 3rd, 19.25 mm; 2nd, 18.5mm; Ist, 20mm. In front of the
U-shaped depression the caput is emarginate, the depression extending for a short
distance cephalad in the median line. This is seen to a certain extent in some good
specimens of P. carabivorus. Otherwise as in P. carabivorus.

Pachylomerus carolinensis, Hentz. ©, 1 specimen. (Plate V, figs. 2 and
3, and 20.) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Territetariz, Ausserer, 1871, p. 147. Mygale
carolinensis, Hentz., Boston Journ. IV, p. 56. pl. VII, fig. 3.

This specimen I am convinced is the same as the one described by Hentz as
Mygale carolinensis. The description is very imperfect, and I take this opportunity
of making it a little more complete, and easy to identify, His description is as
follows. ‘‘Brownish, very glossy; cephalothorax with two slight impressions near
the base; abdomen blackish, not glossy; third joint of the third pair of legs very short
and crooked; feet 4, 1, 3, 2.’’? The spinal armature is the same as in P. carabivorus,
but the ceph’x and arrangement of eyes are quite distinct. Ceph’x longer in pro-
portion to width than in P. carabivorus, 10 mm. x 8 mm, in this specimen. U-shaped
depression situated more than two-thirds the distance from anterior margin of caput,
making caput larger in proportion. In the curve of the U-shaped depression, there
is scarcely any depression; a very faintly depressed line, which is quite readily seen
because it is very dark, connects the two well marked depressions at the anterior ends
of the U. As Hentz’s specimen was a small one, these depressions would be smaller
than in the specimen I have. Had it been a well marked U-shaped depression, he
would have noted it, as he has in the case of Mygale truncata. 1

Caput caudad of eyes slightly elevated, making the slope quite steep.

Radial depressions distinct, straight. Base of ceph’x 4 mm; angles not sharply
defined; lateral edge from posterior angle to point of greatest breadth curved, with
convexity outward, fig. 2, pl. V, represents the ceph’x of this species. By compar-
ing it with fig. 1, can be seen the differences of the two species in the configuration
and markings.? Fig. 3 represents the eyes of P. carolinensis; fig. 4 of P. carabiv-
orus; fig. 19 tarsal claw, spur at base with a small spine on each side at its base:
distad of this a spine divided at the end. Labium as long or longer than broad at base.

Eyes. Ant- and post-laterals form a trapezium as in P. caribivorus, but the
ant—centrals are situated on a line halfway between the base of the trapezium and the
opposite side; the post-laterals and centrals forma curved line with convexity caudad,
instead of a straight line as in P. carabivorus.

Sternum as broad as long, 5 mm., broadest part one-third from caudal end.

Mygale solsthats*’. Hentz, I am inclined to think is the male
of this species. The depressions in the ceph’x are similar, the difference
in the lengths of the 2nd and 3rd pair of legs is not of much specific im-
portance in many species. ‘The depressions on the abdomen are just
what will appear in any of these species, when the abdomen becomes

1 Boston Journ. IV, p. 55. Spiders of the U.S. N.M. Hentz, p. 16, pl. I, f. 1.
2 The curvature of the lateral radials I do not think is constant.
3 Boston Journ. IV, p. 56. Spiders of the U.S. N.M. Hentz, p. 17, pl. 1, f. 3.

small for want of food, or after the depositing of eggs. In nearly all
specimens either one, two, or three, or more pair of circular depressions
can be seen. When the abdomen shrinks the space between the de-
pressed dots of each pair becomes depressed in the form of a rectangle
as seen in Hentz’s figure of Mygale solstitialis. The difference in color
of the two is not of specific importance, for the young of P. caradbiwvorus
have a brownish ceph’x, the old a glossy black, and when transferred to
alcohol, this soon changes to brown.

Pachylomerus turris, n. sp. ©, I specimen, (PI. V, fig. 5.)

Ceph’x 6.5 mm. long x 6 mm. broad. Marginal configuration as in P. carabiv-
orus; lateral radial depressions in form of crescents with the concavities caudad;
anterior radial depressions indistinct, but marked by a deep, small cylindrical punct-
ure; armature same as P. carabivorus, with the exception of the lack here and there
of a few spines, which may be accidental.

Sternum nearly as broad as long, distinctly angled between articulations of coxee.
Labium shorter than broad at base, nearly triangular, separated from sternum by

Pa

a furrow.

Eyes. Upon the arrangement of the eyes is laid the greatest stress in establish-
ing this species. Ant- and post-laterals forming a rectangle; posterior row curved
with the convexity caudad.

Tuft of hairs on clypeus with few hairs; also very few hairs, or signs of their
having been any, in the three lines caudad of the eyes.

Pachylomerus 4-spinosus, n. sp. (PI. V, fig. 21.)

Eyes as in P. carolinensis. Legs 4, 1, 3, 2, tibia HI with depression at prox—
imal end, but distal end not enlarged as in the other species. Armature very distinct
from the other species. Patella IV with a number of spines; distal end of patella and
metatarsus III, two spines; two on proximal end of metatarsus and two or three on
distal end of tibia III; row of spines on each lower side of II and I, arranged thus in
each row, one on tarsus, two on metatarsus, and two on tibia; palpus with a row on
each lower side, arranged 3 on tarsus, 2 on tibia, one on patella, and one on femur.
Spines at base of maxillz and on labium as in the other species of Pachylomerus.
All the spines on the legs are medium length, and not short as in the other species.
Ceph’x and legs pale rufous, abdomen light brown. Specimens young. Palpal claw
is shown in fig. 21, plate V, at base is a large short spine, which has four divisions at
the terminal end, the distal one the longest, and the others decreasi1.g successively

in length.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.
Fig. 1. Ceph’x of Pachylomerus carabivorus.
“as Ch POSE fe carolinensis.
ct yessor <6 uC
As SRR $f carabivorug.
Sua. neds oe turris.
«« 6. Myrmekiaphila foliata, dorsal view.
LOGE rf “ eyes of.
<2, os 4g maxilla of.
“OTA: “4 ES side view.

big. 9. Nidivalvata marwii, dorsal view.

pe eo es eyes of.

SEO. oS ae maxilla of.
adie? s as side view.
AS ile $s angustata, nest of.

“15. Nest of Myrmekiaphila foliata; dotted line at a represents bottom of place
where stone lay. Space represented by dotted lines @ and d, much fore-
shortened; b, where spider was caught; ¢, trap-door.

“16. Nest of Myrmekiaphila foliata in an ants nest; aa, landing in ants nest,
leading off into galleries; b, entrance to ants nest; d, tube of spider; ¢,

trap-door.
“17. Nest of Nidivalvata maraii, open.
SOTO: Soe *$ <7) Closed:
“19. Palpal claw Q, of P. carolinensis.
“3520: ss « ©, “' P. carabworus.
“© 21. Palpal claw of P. 4-spinosus.
2D: ae “0, M. foliata.
2 < (SOK S] Ne marae

Figs. I, 2, 6, 9, 13 and 14, about natural size,

ERRATA. —In the first part of this article, pp. 109-117, for cavibivorus where-
ever It occurs, read carabivorus; for Notes, in title, read Nests; p. 110, line 7,
note 1, for Canes, read Cannes.

rr Sr

Note on the secondary sexual characters of some
North American Coleoptera.
By E. A. ScHwarz.

Hydrophilus ovatus. The two sexes differ not only in the structure
of the front tarsi but also in that of the maxillary palpi which, in the fe-
male, are slightly compressed, the three joints being about equal in
width. In the male, the palpi are much more compressed, especially
the second joint which is twice as wide as the last. 1 can hardly believe
that this obvious character should have been hitherto overlooked, still I
find no mention of it in the literature at my command. It is not alluded
to by Dr. Horn (Can. Ent, XVII, 1885, p. 137-138).

Mycetoporus americanus and flavicolis. In addition to the sexual
characters mentioned by Dr. Horn (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. VI, p. 123)
I notice in the males of the above species a peculiar structure of the
seventh abdominal segment. This is broadly emarginate at apex and
its surface (so far as visible) covered with a dense filamentous vestiture
which is longitudinally striate, projecting in two lobes beyond the apex
of the segment. The lobes are divergent, narrowing toward the tip and
terminating in a fine seta. ‘This structure is the same in the two species
which do not appear to differ except in coloration.

tie

Telmatophilus americanus. Judging from the description, the Europ-
ean species of this genus do not differ essentially in the two sexes but
the male of the only North American species shows a remarkable modi-
fication of the hind tibiz, These are compressed and, excepting at the
very base, much broader than in the female; the outer edge is straight
but furnished near the base with a large subtriangular plate which is very
thin and semi-transparent. On the inner edge the tibia is concave at
basal fourth, then obtusely angulated, thence straight, the tibia gradually
narrowing from the angle to the tip. In addition to this character the
last ventral segment has a round but rather shajlow excavation near the
apex. I know of no other Cryptophagid which is so strikingly marked
in'the male sex,

Axinocerus americanus. The remarkable antennal characters of this
genus described and figured by Dr. Jayne (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc.
XX, p. 367, fig. 63) are those of the male sex. In the female the anten-
nz are 10-jointed,* the two basal joints like those of the male, the third
much narrower, a little longer than wide, the following 5 very small,
transverse, gradually increasing in width, the penultimate joint strongly
transverse, more than ‘twice as wide as the preceding, the last joint com-
pressed. slightly transversely oval (when viewed from the broad side),
much smaller than the corresponding joint in the male and hardly twice
larger than the first antennal joint. ‘This rare species occurs also in
southern Georgia.

Scaphidium quadriguttatum. Male: Metasternum in front of hind
cox rather coarsely and densely punctate and furnished with sparse
yellowish pubescence, median line obsolete behind the middle. Hind
tibiz on inner side with a fringe of fine hair.

Female: Metasternum not concave, glabrous, with a few very fine,
scattered punctures, median line entire and enlarged near the middle
into an oblong groove. Hind tibize simple.

Malthodes captiosus. In 1882 I found at Deer Park, Md., a species
of MMalthodes in the male of which I found a sexual character not men-
tioned in any described species of the genns. I forwarded the specimens
to Dr. Leconte calling his attention to my observation, and he wrote me
that the species was JZ. capéosus but that in describing this species he
had overlooked the best character. The character referred to, is of suf-
ficient importance to deserve mention although no specimen is now before
me and I describe solely from memory, In the male the sexual characters
are not confined to the structure of the abdomen (as described by Dr.

1 T may be mistaken in the number of joints but the single specimen before me
is in rather unsatisfactory condition.

Leconte) but the hind tibiz are also affected. These are slightly bent,
the apical half of inner edge emarginate and the emargination filled with
a brush of fine hair,

Malthodus parvulus. This, our smallest and at the same time com-
monest species of Malthodzes acquires a special interest from the fact that
the male still remains entirely unknown. In our other species of J/a/-
thodes the males are not rarer than the females, but of this pusz/us I have
myself, during the past three years, examined more than 200 specimens
without finding among them a single specimen that could be considered
as the male. The specimens I saw in Dr. Leconte’s collection marked
as males are undoubtedly females in which the last abdominal segment
became accidentally lengthened and somewhat distorted in the process of
drving

Xylophilus fasciatus. Male: Anterior ubiz with the outer edge
strongly curved, inner edge strongly sinuate, almost angulate at middle.
Posterior femora clavate and suddenly widened a little bevond the mid-
dle; inner edge of hind tibiz with a row of fine hair and with a slight
dilation near the base, terminal spur long.

Female: Anterior tibia, posterior femora and tibiz simple, the latter
with the terminal spur short, Last antennal joint smaller in the male.

Avlophilus piceus. Wind femora in male armed near the tips with a
large triangular tooth.

Notes on some Species of Geometridae, No. 2.

(Geometrine. )

By Geo. D. Hutst.

Geometra rectaria Grt. (Can. Ent. IX, 157, 1877.)

This seems to be a good species, and is found in some abundance
in Central Texas and more rarely in Arizona and California. It is in
some respects intermediate between G. iridaria Guen. and G. tlustraria
Hulst and may yet be found to grade into both.

Aplodes latiaria Pack. (5th Rept. Peab. Acad. p, 74, 1873.)

Prof. Lintner has kindly loaned me the type of this species for exam-
ination, Iam unable to separate it from A. mimosaria (Guen, Phal. J,
p. 377, 1852) except as a varietal form. The only material point of
difference noted by Dr. Packard is that there is no inner white line on
the hind wings. But on the specimen marked by him as ‘‘Type”, the
inner line is clearly indicated though very faint. In my observation there
is in specimens of A. mimosaria every gradation from the distinct inner
line tu the form with the line obsolete. The name may be retained as a

—140—

varietal name for the latter form. There is also much variation in the
general color of A. mimosaria, which ranges from sea-green to dull
white, very faintly tinged with green,

Aplodes approximaria Pack. (5th Rept. Peab. Acad. p. 73, 1873.)

In this as in the preceding species, notwithstanding the statement
of Dr. Packard to the conuary, the inner line on the hind wings is clearly
indicated in the typical specimen, Mr. Graef has the only uther speci-
men of which | have knowledge, but it is likely in other collections
under the name of A. mimosaria Guen, ‘The specimens I have seen of
mimosaria vary very much in the distance between the cross lines; and
though I have seen no connecting links with A. approximaria, they will
probably sooner or later be found, and A. approximaria will be proved a
variety only, ‘Till that time it must be considered a good species.

Aplodes undinaria Strecker (Rept. Surv. Dept. Mo. p. 1862, 1878.)

This is a synonym of Chlorosea bistriaria Pack. (Geom. Moths, p.
378, pl. 13, fig. 55.)

Aplodes junctolinearia Graef. (Brook. Bull. IIT, 87.)

This beautiful insect is unique in the style of its markings and is

consequently one of the most interesting of the sub-family.
Aplodes (Chlorosea) albaria Grt. (Can. Ent. XV, 126.)

This species is very close to A. wridicaria, Hulst (Brookl. Bull. III,
p. 41). The hind wings are nearly pure white, butin this it connects
by gradations with the very light green tinted wings of A. wridicaria.,
There are, so far as I can see, but two points of difference between the
two insects. Ist, in’A. wridicaria the white lines on the fore wings are
considerably wider apart at the costa than at the inner edge; in A. alb-
aria they are parallel all across the wings; in both the outer line is par-
allel with the outer margin. These are the type forms, but in the series
of specimens I have the two forms connected. 2nd, in A. wirtdicaria
the lines of the hind wings approach each other inwardly, which is not
the case in the typical A. a/baria, But in this, in my series of speci-
mens, there are connecting examples. 4. a/baria seems to be the more
prevalent form in Arizona, My present opinion based upon an examin-
ation of 8 specimens, is, that A. alaria is properly catalogued asa
variety of A. wirzdicaria.

Geometra inclusaria, Walk. (List Brit. Mus. Geom. p. 508, 1861.)

I have a number of specimens from Florida which seem exactly to
agree with the description of the above species as given by Mr. Walker.
I have in my possession no authenticated specimen of A. rubrolinearia
Pack. (5th Rept. Peab. Acad. p. 74, 1873), but from the description I

—I4I—

feel pretty certain it is the same as the species of Walker, The insect is
an Aplodes.

Synchlora rubivoraria, Riley, (1st Report Ins. Mo. p. 239, pl. 2, f. 25, 1869)
(albolineata Pack., 5th Report Peab. Acad. p. 75, 1873; gracilaria Pack., 5th Re-
port Peab. Acad. p. 77, 1873), is a synonym of Synchlora (Aplodes) glaucaria,
Guen. Phal. I, 377, 1857.

Synchlora tricoloraria, Pack. (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. XVI, p. 30, 1874)
is a synonym of Synchlora liquoraria, Guen, (Phal. I, p. 375, 1857).

Chlorosea perviridaria, Pack. (Geom. Moths, p. 379, pl. 10, f. 82, 1876), is
a synonym of Chlorosea fasciolaria, Guen. (Phal. I, p. 351, 1857).

Eucrostis zelleraria, Pack. (Geom. Moths, p. 370, pl. 10, f. 76), isa syno
nym of Euecrostis phyllinaria, Zell. (Verh. Zoo. Bot. Ges. Wien, p. 479, 1872).

Some species of Geometrinz I have not been able to identify from
their descriptions. It is however likely that Geometra mimicata, Walk.
(List. Brit. Mus. Suppl., p. 1601, 1866), isa synonym of Aflodes mim-
osaria Guen., and both these may be the same as G. @ra/a Fab.; that
Thallusodes deprivata,. Walk. (List Brit. Mus. Geom., p. 1559, 1862),
Nemoria indiscrigunata, Walk. (l.c., p. 1556), and MM dengaria Walk.
(l.c. p. 1559), are variations of WV. chloroleycaria, Guen. (Phal. I, p. 351,
1857); that Lucrosts oporaria, Zell. (Verh. Zoo. Bot. Ges. Wien, p. 481,
1872), may be a variation of Memoria pistaciata, Guen. (Phal. I, p. 348,
1857); and that Geometra euchloraria, Ab, & Guen. (Phal. I, p. 355,
1857) is likely either emorea subcroceata, Walk. (List Brit. Mus. Geom.
p. 1557, 1862), or MW. gratata Pack. (Geom. Moths, p. 373, pl. 10,
f. 79, 1876.)

I speak of these as probabilities, not so much for the purpose of
giving my personal opinion based on a study of the literature, as for the
purpose of exciting interest in some Entomologist making a visit to
Europe and leading him to take specimens of these insects and others,
that comparison may be made with the specimens in the British Museum,
and with Guenee’s types, which still exist in the possession of Mr. Over-
thir of Rennes, France. I think it probable that Zeller’s types as yet
undetermined, may be found in the collection of Lord Walsingham
Merton Hall, Thetford, England. Any one visiting Europe could easily
make needed comparisons and in a short time we could have the bulk
of our Lepidoptera finally determined. The visits of Grote, Packard
and Fernald bore in this line a wonderful deal of excellent fruit.

It may not be too much out of place here to add a note which af
fects one of our Ennominae, concerning the species of which subfamily
I have already (Ent. Amer. I, pp. 46—49) given some brief notes. Some
time since, I saw, by the kindness of Mr. John B. Smith of the National

Entomologica Americana. 20 Oct. & Nov. 1886.

—142—

Museum, the type of Stenaspilates meskearia, Pack. (Geom. Moths, p.
213, pl. 13, f. 50, 1876). I was very much surprised to find it to be the
insect afterwards called Azelima arizonaria, Hy. Edw. (Pap. II, p. 130,
1882). Without being ready to give any positive opinion, I may yet say
itseems to me, the insect is better catalogued for the present under
Azelina as Azelina meskearia, Pack. Packard's type is from Texas, and
is somewhat more olivaceous than the type of Mr, Edwards; but allow-
ing A. albomacularia, Hy. Edw., to stand asa variety, there is hardly
enough distinction between it and A. meskearia to allow another variety
between them.

Two New Varieties of Noctuids.
By A. W. PurMan-CRAMER,

Raphia frater var. coloradensis.

© expands from 38 to 40mm. Ground color of primaries yellowish white,
more or less covered with black scales; ta and ¢.p. lines strongly marked; black
dash between reniform and costa; lower third of median space and all of basal space
covered with black scales. Secondaries white, more or less covered with black scales.
Male expands from 34-38 mm, Ground color of primaries yellowish white, more or
less covered with black scales; t¢. p. line faintly marked, black dash between reniform
and costa. Basal space thickly covered with black scales; lower halt of median space
entirely black. , Secondaries like those of the females. In both fof and QO the pro-
thorax is grey, and the thorax nearly white.

Described from 3 ¢ and 4Q, taken by D. Bruce in Colorado.

Calocampa cineritia var. thoracica.

Expands 45 mm. Prothorax and abdomen bright fulvous, thorax brownish
grey. Ground color of primaries grey, of secondaries fulvous grey with light ful-
vous fringe. Basal lines well marked, wavy rather than sinuous, costa slightly ful-
vous. Stigma and reniform close together giving the appearance of a p on the left
wing, and a q on the right one, the legs of which are curved outward.

From reniform a narrow yellowish dash runs subapically, having a round brown
spot at its starting point in the reniform and a slightly sinuous black dash at its lower
edge near the margin.

Under side of both wings fulvous grey. Stigma on secondaries faintly marked.
Outer edges of both wings paler than body of wings.

Differs from the type in the color of the thorax, the wavy basal lines
and the lighter colored fringe of primaries.

Described from a number of specimens taken in New Hampshire,
by C. F. Goodhue.

—

—143—
' Proceedings of the Entomological Club of the A A.A.S.

The Club met under the rules and pursuant to notice at the rooms
of the Buffalo Society of Natural History on Main Street at 3 o'clock p.m.
on Tuesday, August 17, 1886. 14 persons being present.

The President, Prof. J. A. Lintner of Albany, called the meeting to
order.

The Secretary, Mr. John B. Smith of Washington, being unable to
attend, Mr. E. Baynes Reed of London, Canada, was appointed Secre-
tary pro temp.

As the minutes of the previous meeting at Ann Arbor had been
printed in ‘‘EnroMoLoGica AMERICANA”, the reading thereof was on
motion dispensed with.

Prof. Lintner in taking the chair expressed his pleasure at meeting
again so many brethren of the club; he alluded briefly to the absence of
some who were usually present at these meetings and referred especially
to Prof. C, V. Riley who had gone to Europe for the benefit of his health.
He also paid a high tribute to the contributions to Entomology, espec-
ially to the Lepidoptera, that had emanated from the rooms in which
they were now assembled.

The President then delivered his Annual Address.

ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT
of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S.
at the Buffalo Meeting, Aug, 17, 1886.

GrenTLEMEN: I do not know that I can better discharge the duty
devolving upon me, of the presentation of an address on this occasion,
than in reference to some of the evidences of the continued progress
made in our department of science as shown in publications which have
appeared since our last meeting. Little that I shall refer to, may be new
to most of those present, yet a retrospect of labor satisfactorily performed
and successfully prosecuted, is always agreeable to those who have had
part therein, while it may prove of interest and of value to those who are
not present with us, or active members of our corps, or who may not
have access to our current literature.

Each of the several orders of Insects have been advanced through
valuable studies and publications. While in some of the orders, the pub-
lications have been but few, yet it is gratifying to know that collections
are being made in them and studies prosecuted, of which we may look
for the results ere long,

In the HYMENOPTERA a Monograph of the Chrysidide has been

—144—

published by Mr. S. F. Aaron, containing diagnostic descriptions of
genera and species. Seventy-four species are described, over one-half of
which are new to science. Nearly all are contained in the collections of
the American Entomological Society, of which Mr. Aaron is the curator.
A list of the more important writings on the Chryszdid@ is appended, and
the paper is illustrated in five plates (Transactions of the American Ento-
mological Society, xii, 1885, pp. 209-248).

Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead has given a Biographical and Synonymual
Catalogue of the North American Cynipide, containing 172 species, to-
gether with a list of the trees and plants upon which they occur, It ap-
pears that these insects are so nearly confined to oaks (of the twenty
species enumerated), that only 13 species have other food-plants (Id. ib..
pp. 291-304).

From the same author we also have S/udies on North American
Chaleidide, giving descriptions of 55 new species from Florida and notes
upon others (Month. Proc. Am. Ent. Soc. for Dec, 1885, pp. X-XIX;
Trans. A. E. S.. xiii, pp. 125-135).

Mr. L. O. Howard, of the Entomological Division of the U. S. De-
partment of Agriculture, who for several years past has been engaged in
the study of the interesting and serviceable family of the Chalcidide, is
contributing to Entomologica Americana, a generic synopsis of the fa-
mily, which he has divided into twenty subfamilies, The European
genera have been combined with our own, as many of them will doubt-
less be hereafter detected in this country (Ent. Amer. i, pp. 197-199,
215-219, ii, 33-39, 97-101). A list of the North American species by
Mr. Howard, may be found in Bulletin V of the Division of Entomo-
logy, which also embraced the first of a series of papers descriptive of the
Chalcidide in the collection of the Department, most of which were un-
described. ;

Contributions to the knowledge of our Hymenoptera, have also
been made by Messrs. G. J. Bowles (Canadian Entomologist, xvii, p.
231), J. A. Guignard (id. xviii, p 68), Wm. H. Harrington (id., pp.
30, 38, 45; Trans. No. 6 of Ottowa Field Naturalist’s Club), G. W.
Taylor (Canad. Ent., xviii, p. 250), and I. W. Fyles (ib., p. 38).

We are greatly pleased to learn that Mr, Ezra T. Cresson, to whom
we are more largely indebted than to any other person for the knowledge
of our North American Hymenoptera, is engaged upon a synopsis of the
order, and that such progress has been made in its preparation that its
publication may be expected before many months.

In the ZEP/DOPTERA a volume has been given to the public
the present year, which we hope will be followed by others of the kind,
in other of the orders, that greatly needed wants may be met.

The Butterflies of the Kastern United States, for the use of classes in
Zoology and private students, by Prof. G. H. French, of the Southern
I\linois Normal University, will enable the intelligent student, by the aid
of synoptic tables, descriptions and figures, to name almost any of the
species that occur within the United States, east of Nebraska, Kansas and
‘Texas. ‘Iwo hundred species are described, illustrated in 93 figures,
and where known, the earlier stages are also given.

A similar work, devoted to a smaller group, is the Sphingide of
New England, by Prof. C. H. Fernald—a pamphlet of 85 pages and 6
plates, in which the forty-two species known to. occur in the Eastern
States are described and a few of them figured.

A feature in both of the above publications which deserves special
commendation, is the accentuation of the names of the species. ‘The
care that has been bestowed upon the preparations of these lists, entitle
them to acceptance and adoption, and we hope will ensure us some de-
gree of uniformity in pronounciation, hereafter.

Prof. Fernald and Mr Jno. B. Smith have contributed notes upon
Some of the genera of our Sphingide (Entomologica Americana 11, p. 2).

Mr. Smith has continued his /wéroduchon to a Classification of the
North American Lepitopiera in a fourth paper, devoted to the Sphingide
(id., i, p 81—87), and has also given a more detailed account, with
figures, of the scent-organs in some Bombycid Moths, than we have
hitherto had (id. 1i, p. 79).

The careful Life-histories of our Butterflies have been continued by
Mr. W. H. Edwards (Canad. Ent., xvii, pp. 155, 181, 245), and also his
Descriptions of New Species, from the Pacific Slope (Id. p. 61).

The Rev. G,. D. Hulst has published during the last month, De-

scriptions of New Pyrald@e, embracing such species as are not named in
the American collections and are unknown to those who have made
special study of the family. Much the larger number of the species de-
scribed (89 in all) are from the western portion of the United States
(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xiii, July 1866, pp. 145—168). Mr. Hulst has
also published two papers upon the Geometride in which several new
species are described, viz., Maw Species and Varieties of Geometride
(Ent. Amer., i, pp, 201—208) and Noles upon various Species of the
Ennomine (id. ii, pp. 47—52).

Descriptions of new species o! Lepidoptera have also been published
by Mr. Henry Edward (Ent. Amer., i, p- 128, ii, p. 8), Mr. J. Elwyn
Bates (Can, Ent., xviii, 74, 94), Mr. Ph. Fischer (Id., xvii, p. 133),
Mr. B. Neumoegen (Ent. Amer., p. 192), and Mr, R. H. Stretch (Id.,
p. 102).

—146—

In the Proceedings of the Natural Science Association of Staten
Island, for March 1886, Mr. Davis has recorded sixty species of butter-
flies as found upon Staten Island, naming the recent additions to a
former list.

Other contributions to the Lepidoptera have been made by Messrs.
Beuttenmiiller, Bates, Clark, Fischer, Fletcher. French, Goodhue, Grote,
Hamilton, Harrington, Kellicott, Moeschler, Smith, Stretch, Tepper,
and Mrs. C. H. Fernald and Miss Murtfeldt.

t is gratifying intelligence that the two volumes of the Busferfles of
forth America, for which we are indebted to Mr. W. H. Edwards, is to
be followed by a third, work upon which has been commenced. As the
volumes already issued have furnished the American student with a better
series of life-histories of butterflies than have ever been published else-
where, while enriched with illustriations which in beauty and accuracy
have never been surpassed, it is to be regretted that their author should
be compelled to find the reward for his years of untiring labor in the
honor that they bring him, and not in a pecuniary return. A merited
tribute to the high character of this work, may be found in Science for
October g, 1885 (p, 307).

The Butterflies of New England, which has been under the pen and
pencil of Mr. S. H. Scudder for several years, and which has been so
long awaited by Entomologists, is, we learn, rapidly approaching com-
pletion. Having had the privilege of examination of several of the
plates which are being printed at the well-known house of Sinclair & Sons,
Philadelphia, by the chromo-lithographic process, I can only say of them,
that they are marvels of faithfulness and beauty, hardly to be distinguished
from hand-coloring. They certainly mark an advance in the application
of this art to insect illustration that has never before been equaled in this
country or in Europe.

A Hand book of all the Lepidoptera described as belonging to the North
American Fauna North of Mexico, giving brief descriptions ofall the
species known, to be illustrated with wood-cuts and lithographic plates,
under the editorship of Mr. Henry Edwards of New York, has been an-
nounced, It will be issued in parts, by S. E. Cassino, as stated in a cir-
cular distributed, and will be commenced as soon as a sufficient number
of subscribers can be obtained.

Mr. R.H. Stretch is engaged on a Monograph of the Zygaenide.
Lithostide and Arctide of North America, in which it is intended to
collate all the literature relating to these families, and to illustrate all the
species, About 350 figures have already been drawn for the work.

DIPTERA.—Wei'are unable to report much progress upon this
order during the year.

—147—

Dr. Williston has completed his series of three papers on the
Classification of the North American Diptera in the families Xylophagidae,
Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Leptidae and Syrphidae, published in the Bulle-
un of the Brooklyn Entomological Society (vil, p. 129) and in Entomo-
logica Americana (i, pp. 10, 114, 152), In these papers some new
species are described, synoptic tables of the genera and diagnoses of the
tribes and families given, and structural features illustrated.

Dr, Williston has also published No/es and Des riptions of North
American Xylophagidae and Stratiomyidae (Can, Ent. xviii, p. 121), in
which eleven species are described as new.

Dr. Hagen has written of the Hessian Fly m Italy, recording its
notice in that country (Ib., p, 129). Hehas also collated some facts
relating to the food of Scenopinus darvae, leading him to offer the sug-
gestion that S. pa/pes found beneath carpets, may be carnivorous (Id.,
Xvill, p. 73). Some observations of my own which are stated in the 2d
Report on the Insects of New York, give additional reason for believing
that this remarkable larva, feared as carpet-feeder, may prey upon the
larva of the clothes-moth.

The volume last referred to, contains also notices of an unknown
larva feeding upon a fungus occuring on quince, the emasculating bot-
fly (Cuterabra emasculator), Bibio albipennis, Microdon globosus, and
Trypeta pomonella.

As addenda to the Scenopinus article by Dr. Hagen, Baron Osten-
Sacken has contributed to the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine for the
present month of August (vol. xxili, p. 51—52) Notes foward the Life-
history of Scenopinus fenestralis, in which the literature of the species is
more fully developed, and the conclusion drawn therefrom that the larva
is undoubtedly carnivorous; and that it frequents fungi, hair-mattrasses,
carpets, swallows nests, decaying wood, animal dejections, etc., not for
the sake of the animal remains or the vegetable matter, but for the larva
or the pupz of the moths that live in them.

Dr. Hagen also recorded the collection in Harvard College Labor-
atory. of what is probably an addition to the small number of known
marine insects, in Coleopa frigida, Fallen, raised from sea-weeds. Its
earlier stages are unknown, and the opportunity is taken to call attention
to the absence of any collection of our knowledge of the earlier stages of
the Diptera.

In a brief note from the same author to Entomologica Americana
(i, p. 229), the idea is advanced that in Cecidomyia tubicola, O.-Sacken,
the larval breast-bone is a spinning organ, and homologous with the
labium.

—148—

Mr. D. W. Coquillet has monographed the Lomatina of North
America of the Boméyhdae, consisting of four genera, indicating one as
new, and describing five new species (Can. Ent., xviii, p. 81).

COLEOPTERA. — Dr. G. H. Horn has continued to lay us
under obligations for his valuable contributions to Coleopterology, in
descriptive, classificatory, bibliographical and critical papers, in the pages
of the ‘T’ransaction of the American «ntomological Society, the Canadian
Entomologist, and Entomologica Americana. ‘Their titles are too num-
erous to permit their citation in the present paper, .

Lieut. Casey has published Aew Genera and Species of Californian
Coleoptera |Extra Bulletin, California Academy of Science, vol. I], and
a Revision of the Californian Species of Eitho:haris {Bull., No. 5, Id.].

Mr. Frederick Blanchard has given a careful paper Oz ‘he species of
Canthon and Phanaeus of the United States, with synoptic tables of spe-
cies, bibliography, and notes on some other genera [Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., xii, pp. 163—172].

Mr. Charles W. Leng, is contributing to Entomologica Americana,
Synopses of Cerambycidae, accompanied with illustriations [vol. I, pp.
28 —35, 130—136: Il, p. 27—32, 60—63, 81—83, 102—103].

Other contributions to the order, which have come under my notice,
are from Messrs, F. B. Caulfield. F. Clarkson, John Hamilton, S. Hen-
shaw, A. W. Jones, Warren Knaus, C. W. Leng, A. L. Packard, 1 VSS
Schwarz, J. B. Smith and C. W. Strumberg.

In Entomelogica Americana for July and August 1886 is a Record
af some Contributions to the Literature of North Amerian Beetles published
wz 1885, by Samuel Henshaw, which will be found very convenient for
reference, and for which its compiler is entitled to sincere thanks.

The most generally acceptable contribution to this order made dur-
ing the year, has been the Lest of the Coleoptera of North America, North
of Mexico, by Samuel Henshaw, in which we are given the recent classi-
fication of Drs. Leconte and Horn, the large number of species describ-
ed during the preceding twelve years, together with many important
synonymical corrections, Annual supplements to the List are promised
by the author. The labor involved in the preparation of a work of this
nature, is so great, that each successive contribution of the kind, if as
meritorious as the one under notice, marks an epoch in the literature of
the order.

In the HEMIPTERA we have had the gratification of having
placed in our hands, our first Check-List. It presents a classification
which has been so long needed by the student, of the Heteroptera. and
the names of 1448 species. A debt of gratitude is due to Mr. Uhler for

—149—

its preparation, in consideration of the facility of study that it will afford,
and the incent ve to its prosecution.

We have the promise that a similar List of the Homoptera will fol—
low as soon as time can be found for its preparation.

The chapter on Hemiptera, in the Standard Natural History recently
published by S. E, Casino & Co., of 92 pages royal octave, is also from
Mr. Uhler, and has been, I believe, generally received as advancing our
knowledge of an order which has been much neglected in this country.

The Fourteenth Report on the Insects of Illinois, by Prof. S. A.
Forbes, State Entomologist, treats of several Hemipterous Insects, chiefly
in their economic relations,

In the Report of the Entomologist of the U.S, Department of Agri-
culture for 1885, Prof. Riley has presented a careful study of the two
broods of the Periodical Cicida, Cada sepiendecim — the seventeen-year
(sepiendecim) and the thirtecn-year race (/edecim), which appeared in
1885 over a large extent of the country, and came together in Southern
Illinois and Northern Georgia. There is also a summary of distribution
and future appearance of all the broods (22 in number) known to occur
in the United States; also a record of experiments made in transferring
the eggs of the Northern and Southern races of the insect from one por-
tion of the country to the other, as a test ofthe influence of climate upon
the developmental period.

In the 14th Annual Report of the Geological and Natural History
Survey of Minnesota, Mr, O. W. Oesttund has contributed a Zis¢ of the
Aphidiie of Minnesota, in which seventy-one species are recorded, of
which twenty—four species are described as new, and two new genera
named.

, Among other contributors to the order, are Mr. Wm. Ashmead,
Prof. E. W. Claypole, and Mr. John J. Jack.

In the VEUROPTERA, Dr. Hagen has contributed the European
literature of the Hfemerodius dipterus, of which twenty examples are in
collections in Europe, and four, so faras known taken in_ this country,
referring to this species Dr. Fitch’s type of H delicutulus (Entomologica
Americana, li, p. 21).

Mr. J. A. Moffat has narrated some habits of a Myrmeleon larva
(Canad. Entom., xviii, p. 76),

Two elaborate papers from Dr. Hagen are additions of much im-
portance to the literature of the Pseudoneuroptera. The first is a Wono-
graph of the Earher Stages of Odonita, (in 43 pages) in which 48 species
in the subfamily of Gomphina and Cordulegastrina are described (Trans.
Amer. Entomol. Soc. xii, pp. 249—291). The second isa Monograph
of the Embidina, and is apparently one of the most careful and pains—

Entomologica Americana. 21 Oct. & Noy. 1886.

—150—

taking of the erudite author’s publications. Not only is each one of the
seventeen known species minutely described (six pages in some instances
are devoted to a single species) but the history of the family is fully pre—
sented together with an extended discuss on of its characters with refer—
ence to its assignment to its proper systematic position, which is held by
the writer to be near the Zermitide (Canad. Entom, xvii, 1885, Aug.,
Sept., Oct. and Nov.).

Of writings upon the ORTHOPTERA, | find only a List of the
Orthopiera of Kansas, by Lawrence Bruner and a note on the habits of
(Ecanthus, by E. W. Allis.

A resume of our knowledge of Fossil Insects has been published by
Mr. Scudder, in a volume of 113 pages, entitled Systematische Ueber-
sicht der Fossilen Myriapoden, Arachnoideen und Insekten. It presents an
excellent and comprehensive view of our knowledge of these interesting
forms, under a systematicarrangement with definition of groups and
abundant illustration. It is understood that it will be republished in this
country,

Mr. Scudder is at present engaged upon an extensive work as it
will necessarily be, descriptive of the fossil insects taken from the wonder-
fully prolific locality, the Tertiary Lake Basin at Florissant, in Colorado—
more abundant in insect remains than any other known locality in the
world. It is thought that the first part of this work will be ready for
publication the coming year.

‘The contributions to which we have refered in the several orders
have been descriptive, classificatory, historical, biological, histological,
anatomical and biographical. It would perhaps have been more satis-
factory if these several departments of study could have been separately
reviewed, but the time has not been found for such presentation.

In consideration of the practical importance of economic investiga-
tions, will you permit me to direct your attention to some of the work
done in this direction, which has been given to us during the year:

Vhe Mourleenth Report on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of Llii-
nois, by the State Entomologist, Prof. S. A. Forbes, is devoted to the
consideration of various insects infesting corn, wheat, grass, clover, the
maple, the elm, garden crops and orchards. A valuable appendix to this
report is a general index to the first twelve Illinois reports-——of the species
of insects alphabetically and systematically arranged, their food-plants,
and the remedies treated of.

The R:porl of the Entomologist of the U.S. Department of Agricul-
lure, Prof. C. V. Riley, for the vear 1885, presents us with the latest in-
formation upon progress in Silk Culture in the United States, an ex-
tended notice of Cicada septendecim, and notices of recent injuries by five

—151—

other species of insects. Addenda to this report are the following: Re-
port on the Locusts of the San Joaquin Valley, Cal., by D. W. Coquillet;
Report on the abundance of the Rocky Mountain Locust, in 1885, by
Lawrence Bruner; Notes on Locusts at and about Folsom, Cal., by
Albert Koebele; Insects infest ng Fall wheat, by F. M. Webster; 3rd
Report on the Cause of the D struction of the Evergreen and other
Forest trees in Northern New England, by A. S. Packard (the lepidop-
terous insects); and Report on Experiments in Apiculture, by N. W.
McLain,

The Second Repori on the Injurious and other Insects of New Fork,
by the State Entomologist (279 pages), embraces notes of various insect
attacks; remedies and preventives for insect attacks; miscellaneous notes:
and notices of Lepid :ptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera and
Neuroptera, In the Appendix is a list, with notes, of the miscellaneous
publications of the Entomologist for the years 1882 and 1883, and re-
publication of the rare paper of Dr. Fitch on the Winter Insects of East-
ern New Fork.

The Report of the Entomologist to the Department of Agriculture of
the Dominion of Canada, by James Fletcher, (56 pages), is occupied with
notices of the principal insect attacks during the year 1885, upon
cereals, hay and clover, vegetables, fruits, and forest and shade trees.

A Report upon Orange Insects (227 pages) presents the investiga-
tions of Mr. H. G. Hubbard, a special agent of the Entomological Di-
vision of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, made in Florida, during
the years 1881-5. The entire insect fauna of the orange, so faras known,
is given, and the species discussed, together with the remedies and
preventives which have been found to be the most effective in their de-
struction. ‘The orange-rust is also considered, and is regarded as a con-
dition of the fruit resulting from the attack of the rust-mite, Zyphlodomus
oleivorus Ashmead.

Bulletin No. 11, of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of
Entomology, (34 pages), is devoted to Experiments on various insecticide
substances, chiefly upon insects affecting garden-crops, made under the
direction of the Entomologist, by F. M. Webster, H, Osborn, and
Thomas Bennett.

Bulletin No. 9, of the same Division, just issued, is entitled, Z%e
Mulberry Silk-worm; being a Manual of Instructions in Silk-Culture, by
C. V. Riley, MLA., Ph.D. It is a revised and enlarged edition of
Special Report No. 4 of the Division, which had been exhausted. It
contains 62 pages, a glossary of terms used, 29 figures, two plates, in
chromo-lithograph, showing silk-worms affected by Pebrine and flacherie,
and the pebrine corpuscles, after Pasteur, and an index,

—152—

Bulletin No. 12 of the same Division, also just issued, is entitled
Miscellaneous Notes on the Work of the Division of Entomology for Season
of 1885, prepared by the Entomologist. tis a pamphlet of 46 pages and
1 plate, and contains a Report on the production and manufacture of
Buhach, by D. W. Coquillet, which is full and of much value; additions
to the 3rd Report on the causes of the destruction of the evergreen and
other forests in Northern New England, by A. S. Packard; The Period-
ical Cicada in Southwestern Indiana, by Amos K. Butler; and Notes of
the year, of various insects.

The Fourth Report of lhe U.S. Entomological Commission, on the
Cotion Worm, by Prof. C. V. Riley, isa volume of 546 pages, carefully
indexed, and illustrated by 64 plates. Ofthese, 48 plates and 137 pages
are devoted to the mechanical devices for the destruction of the cotton
worm, ‘The three chapters treating of the remedies and preventives em-
ployed in coping with the insect (70 pages), are especially valuable to
the agriculturist, as many of them would be equally available against
other insect attacks.

The four large octavo volumes of the Entomological Commission,
and its seven Bulletins, of nearly 3000 pages in the aggregate, 150 plates,
several hundred of wood-cuts, and a number of maps, may confidently
be appealed to in justification of the action of the General Government,
if its wisdom be questioned, in authorizing and providing for the work
of the Commission now brought to a close in its final publication.

Prof Riley, in his Prestdential Address before the Entomological
Society of Washington, as published in the Proceedings of the Society,
has referred to some of the insect attacks which had recently come under
his observation.

An Address upon Horti.ultural Entomology (23 pages), by Prof. F.
M. Webster, before the Indiana Horticultural Society, very clearly pre-
sents the importance of insect studies to the horticulturist, who may not
to any great extent ward off insect attack by the means successfully re-
serted to by the agriculturist—by rotation of crops. It also gives com-
prehensive notice of several of the more injurious insects with which the
horticulturist must contend.

‘The same author has also issued a carefully prepared illustrated
paper, of 36 pages, on the /usects affecting the Corn Crop, extracted from
the Indiana Agricultural Report for 1885. Of the fifty species of corn
insects noticed, several are accompanied with useful bibliographical lists.

Insects Injurtous to the Apple, is the title of a paper, by Prof. B. F.
Koons, extracted from the Report of the Connecticut Board of Agri-
culture, for 1885. The claims for the study of entomology are well
presented in it.

A paper upon Cu/-Worms, read before the New York State Agri-
cultural Society (pp. 25, figs. 20), and one entitled Some Jnjurious Ln-
sects of Massachusetts, read before the Massachusetts State Board of Agri-
culture, by the State Entomologist of New York, have been published in
the Annual Reports of the Societies named, and also as separates.

The Fourth Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment
Station, narrates (pp. 216—223) experiments made at the Station with
insecticides upon some of our more injurious insect pests; and contains
also, a notice of a very interesting fungus attack upon P&hy/onomus
punctatus (pp, 258—262), inasmuch as it is believed to have been com-
municated through the agency of a fertilizer employed. The fungus is
named by Prof, Arthur, Botanist of the Station, “ztomophthora Phy-
tonomi.

The Fourth Report of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station,
for 1885, devotes 6 pages to experiments with insecticides, and the best
method for their application.

An Experiment in Silk Culture, by Prof. T. J, Burrill, made under
direction of the Illinois University, is published in the Proceedings of the
6th Meeting of the Society for the promotion of Agricultural Science.
The experiment terminated in the study of a contagious disease that
broke out in the larva that were being reared, which was believed to be’
identical with the fflacherte of the silk worm in France, observed by
Pasteuz The disease had never been previously recorded as existing in
this country, but is now thought to have long prevailed among our nat-
ive Lepidoptera, and to have been the cause of a recent epidemic in the
Pieris rape \arve. The causes that may have led to the outbreak of
disease among the silk-worms attempted to be reared, are considered in
the paper.

In the same publication, is an abstract of a paper by Prof. C. V.
Riley, on Grasshopper Injury. A periodicity in wide-spread locust in-
juries averaging about every eleven years is accepted. It is claimed to be
possible to predict the degree of destructiveness. Thus, increasing in-
jury for the years 1886 and 1887 may be expected should the weather
favor; but even under the most favoring conditions, these injuries can
never again be so wide spread, it is asserted, as between 1874 and 1877.

Prof. S. A, Forbes, who has for some time, been paying special
attention the diseases of insects with a view of their propogation for the
destruction of injurious species, has published in a Bulletin of the Illinois
State Laboratory of Natural History (vol. ii, pp. 257—321) an elaborate
paper entitled Studies on the Contagious Diseases of Insects. In it he dis-

cusses flacherte in the cabbage-worm, Preris rap, describing the disease
minutely, its characteristic bacteria, the evidence of its contagious nature
and of the ability of conveying it by an artificial culture of the Micro-
coccus. In the same pains-taking manner, jaundice, found associated
with flacherre in the silk-worm, by Prof. Burrill, is also discussed. FZ/a-
cherte in Datana angusw is described, with its characteristic bacteria, their
artificial cultures, and contagious nature. ‘The paper concludes witha
notice of the aid rendered by muscardine in arresting wide-spread deso-
lation in forests and orchards, in Southern Illinois, in 1883. caused by
a remarkable prevalence of the forest tent caterpillar, C/rsiocampa
sylvatica.

The Insects of Betula in North America, by Anna Katherina Dim-
mock, cf Cambridge, Mass., contained in Psyche, iv, pp. 239—243,
271—286, is an admirable compilation, and may justly serve as a model
for similar lists. It is not.a simple record of the 107 species, noticed as
feeding on Befuda, but valuable notes are given upon each insect—of
development, habits, history, etc., the other plants upon which tt is
known to feed. with references to authority and publication. Where the
bibliography is so extensive and of such importance as to justify it, an
entire page, of small type, is devoted to a single species. It is to be
‘hoped that this is but the first of a series of similar publications by the
author.

A published abstract of a paper read by Mr. Amos W. Butler, before
the American Association for the Advancement of Science at its last
meeting, on Zhe Periodical Cicada in Southeastern Indiana, gives the time
and duration of its visitation, the mode of oviposition, abundance of the
var. cassimi Fisher, in a distinct territory, the sounds produced, preva-
lence of a fungus attack, their destructions by mammals, birds and
fishes, and the comparatively slight damage resulting from the visitation.
The paper affords evidence of well-trained habits of observation in the
author.*

Dr. Hagen has communicated an interesting observation made _ by
him of the destruction of living trees, of the red maple, Acer rubrum,
by white ants, in Cambridge, Mass. (Canad. Ent., xvii, p. 134).

Mr. Frederick Clarkson has found, that under some circumstances
at least, the development of the oak-pruner. L/aphidion villosum, is differ-
ent form that ascribed to it by Drs. Harris and Fitch, in that the insect
may mature within its burrow as early as in the month of November
(Id., p. 188).

* The paper has been published in full, during the present month, in Bull. No.
2 of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture,—Division of Entomology, pp. 24 to 31.

Mr. John J. Jack reports serious injury to a crop of beans, through
an attack of an Anthomyian fly, Anthomyia angustifrons, the larva of
which attacked and destroyed the plants before they reached the surface
of the ground (Canad. Entom., xvii, 1886, p. 22).*

This form of Anthomyian attack, akin to that of the seed-corn
maggot, Anthomyia zee, may afford a solution of the frequent eating out
of the interior of melon and some other of the larger seeds beneath the
ground, by hitherto unknown enemies, which has been brought to my
notice,

Prof. Riley has made an interesting communication to Science (vol.
Vil, p. 394), to the effect that Heniseca /arguinius, one of our rarer butter-
flies, has been found to be carnivorous in its larval stage—the only
known instance of a carnivorous butterfly, and that its food consists of
plant-lice, especially of the gall-making and leaf-curling species of Pem-
phigine.

This publication solved what had been a mystery to me. A piece
of a branch of some tree, apparently an alder, was sent to me in October
last, thickly covered with the flocculent bodies of some woolly aphis,
probably a Schigcneura. It was left in the box in which received, await-
ing further notice. Upon casually opening the box early in April, to
my great surprise, a newly emerged and perfect Fenzseca farguinius was
found therein, and the short, stout chrysalis case from which it had
escaped, and an undeveloped chrysalis, each suspended by its cremaster
from the sides of the box. How and where the larva conceals itself
during its growth, is an interesting inquiry. A

Our leading Agricultural Journals are the media of no inconsider-
able amount of information of the means for controlling insect depre-
dations. They furnish convenient channels through which inquiry may
be made from any portion of the Union of any unrecognized form of
attack, and an intelligent reply elicited.

Professors Riley and Cook are frequent contributors to the columns
of the Rural New Forker

The Prairie Farmer maintains an Entomological Department,
averaging two columns weekly in extent, under the editorship of Clarence
M. Weed.

The same department in the /ruz Growers Fournal, of Cobden,
Illinois, containing weekly contributions, is edited by Prof. G. H. French.

To the American Agriculturist, contributions are made and inquir-
ies answered by Prof. Riley.

* This occurence is subseque.tly noticed at greater length in Bull. No. 12, of
the Division of Entomolcgy, p. 38-39.

1a

A communication made to Science (May 28, 1886, vii, pp. 481—3)
by R. I. Jackson, records a New Museum Pest in Lepisma domestica.
It had been discovered as very injurious to labels; and it is further be—
lieved to be the author of the injury often reported, to muslin curtains,
silks, etc., commonly charged upon the carpet beetle, Am‘hrenus scro-
phulari@, as such injuries are known to have resulted from species of
Lepisma in other countries, as well as to books, maps, papers, etc.

The Spirit of the Farm, of Nashville, Tenn.. is publishing a series
of entomological articles, by the entomological editor, Prof. E. W. Doran.

The Pacific Rural Press keeps its readers well informed of the act-
ive entomological work being prosecuted in California, in the struggle
for the preservation of the fruits of the State from the onslaught of thus
far an invincible army of scale-insects.

The New England Homestead, of Springfield, Mass., encourages the
observation of insect habits and injury in diffusing much valuable infor-
mation in this direction,

The Country Gentleman of Albany, N. Y., receives many inquiries
of insect attacks, which are answered, often at considerable length, by
the State Entomologist of New York.

In addition to the preceding notice of the publications of our ento-
mologists, may I be permitted to refer to some studies of particular
interest which have been giving us during the year outside of our country
to which general attention may not have been drawn.

Recent studies of Forel, Kraepelin, Hauser and others, had placed
almost beyond question, the location of the sense of smell in insects, in
the antennz. Later the study has again been taken up: by Prof. V.
Graber, of the University of Czernowitz, Austria, with results that serve
to re-open the question, and invite to further investigation.

In a late number of the Comptes-Rendus of the Societe Entomo-
logique de Belgique, his conclusion are summed up as follows:

1. The perception of odors is not confined to the antennz, for ants
and Lucila Cesar deprived of their antennz, retained the perception.

2. The antenne are perhaps more sensitive to odors than other
parts of the body. Sv/pha thoracica deprived of its antennz, was affected
by some odors but not by some weaker ones.

3. The palpi may be more sensitive to odors than the antenne,
as will appears from some experiments made with Gry/ofalpa vulgaris.

4. In a large series of experiments with a Lucanus which followed
the odorous material employed, sometimes the palpi and sometimes He
antenne, were the more rapidly excited.

5. The perception of odors may also lie in the anal stylets, as shown

s
7%
sy

—157—

in a decapitated Pertplanata. (This idea had been previously advanced
by Dr. Packard. Amer. Nat. iv, 1870, p._ ).

6. Insects have no special organ of smell.

The studies of Ecner, communicated to the Vienna Academy in
1875, led to the rejection of the mosaic theory of vision in insects as
necessarily attendant upon their compound eyes, and to its replacement
by the theoretical deduction that they do not distinguish the form of
objects, but that their vision consists mainly in the perception of move-
ments and of colors. Their facetted eyes are not complete visual organs,
but simple organs of orientation.

In a subsequent communication by Plateau to the Royal Academy
of Belgium, he has presented the following conclusions drawn from
studies of Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Odonata and Coleoptera.

In diurnal insects with compound eyes, the simple eyes offer so
little utility, that it is right to consider them as rudimentary organs,

Insects with compound eyes do not notice differences of form exist-
ing between two light orifices, and are deceived by an excess of luminous
intensity as well as by the apparent excess of surface. In short, they do
not distinguish the form of objects, or if they do, distinguish them very
badly (Amer. Naturalist, xx, p. 69).

The structure of the halteres of Diptera has been studied by Mr, A.
B. Lee, who finds them to embrace two distinct organs, one an auditory
organ, and the other of problematical function, which may be olfactory
(Entomologische Nachrichten, for August, 1885).

Sir John Lubbock records as an instance of remarkable longevity in
ants, that two queens of Hormzca fusca had been kept alive by him with-
in their nests for twelve years (Contemporary Review, for Nov., 1885).

Returning to our own country, unmistakable evidence of rapid
progress in our science is to be found in the explorations by private indi-
viduals, institutions and government surveys, of almost every portion of
our country for unknown species and the prompt study of the material
obtained, by competent specialists.

Our lists of species are rapidly augmenting.

Ina paper recently read by me, not yet published, on the Presen/
Status of Entomological Science in the United Stites, I had occasion to
state the number (as near as could be) of the described species of North
American Insects, North of Mexico. As it contained some estimates
made for the paper, it may be of interest to present the table at the
present time.

Entomologica Americana. 22 Oct. & Nov. 1886.

—158—

Hymenoptera (Cresson’s estimate) Phytophaga 573
Entomophaga 2166
Przedores 1078
Anthophila 633 4;450

Lepidoptera; Butterflies (Edward’s List, 1884),......... 614

Moths (Grote Check List, 1882),.......... 3,184
Tineidz (not included by Grote,

Chambers List,'1878)) 242 rune 779

Diptera (Osten-Sacken’s estimate in 1878),........-.--- 2,500
Coleoptera (Henshaw List of 1885),........--eeseeeees 9,507
Hemiptera-Homoptera (Uhler estimate),............--. 1,200
Heteroptera (Uhler Check List, 1886),....... 1,448

Orthoptera (Scudder estimate). 2... 6.0 2: = «je = eh wires 450
Neuroptera, not estimated—perhaps............. Ac fo eRe

Giving a total of 25,132

Upon former occasions when it has been my privilege to address
this Club officially, I have urged the importance of the study of the
earlier stages of our insects upon its members and upon all students in
entomology. I beg leave to repeat the recommendation in view of the
value of such study in a scientific classification, and the necessity of it in
economic investigation, for of but comparatively a small number of our
insects are the earlier stages known, and of only a few do we possess full
life-histories.

Although the Coleoptera have been the most thoroughly worked of
any of the orders, yet it will surprise some of you to learn, as it did me,
when I recently received the information from an eminent Coleopterist,
of how small a proportion are the earlier stages known.

By permission of the writer, Mr. E. A, Schwarz, I give the com-
munication addressed to me in reply to an inquiry made, in which the
information above referred to is embodied. It is of so much interest
and value, that it deserves publication:

‘J have endeavored to keep track of the descriptions of Coleopterous
larvee from all countries. I herewith select at random a few of the larger
families, and do not believe that the proportion of the known larvz to
the total number of species would be materially changed if I would go
through all families. For the Chrysomelide, unfortunately, I cannot get
at the figures without much trouble.

In Caralidagz, including the Cicindelide, there are described, in
round numbers, the larve of 120 species representing 40 genera, out of
a total of 9300 species. ,

In Dytiscrd@ there are described 22 species representing 13 genera,
out of a total of g50 species and 35 genera,

In Aydrophilide, there are described 30 species representing 14 gen-
era, out of a total of 570 species and 30 genera.

In Staphilinide are described 75 species with 37 genera, out of a
total of 4136 species and 270 genera,

In Si/phid are described 25 species with 9 genera, out of g60 species.

In Scarabeida, are described $5 species in 40 genera, out of 6550
species.

In Bupresiide are described 70 species in 20 genera, out of about
2700 species.

In Elateride. about 60 larvee described out of a total of 3100 species.

In Curcuhonidae, about 200 larve described in 65 genera, out of a
total of 10150 species,

In Cerambycidae, about 150 species of larvae described in about 70
genera, Out of a total of 7600 species.

A summing up of the above shows that there are about goo species
of larva described, out of a total of 45,600 species, giving a proportion
of 1 to 50. Since the publication of the Munich Catalogue, the des-
cription of new species has gone on with unabated activity, while, at the
same time comparatively very few larva have been made known. Thus
the proportion will be somewhat below two per cent. This refers to the
whole world, For the European fauna the proportion is of course con-
siderably higher, while for the North American fauna, the proportion is
but little above the average, and hardly reaches 1 to 40, including all of
the unpublished larve which are in our collections. Of the 83 families
of the North American Coleoptera, the larvae of no less than 20 families
are entirely unknown.”

In consideration of the contributions made toward the advance-
ment of entomological science through the investigations and_publica-
tions of the Division of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agricul-
ture, it must be source of gratification to us all, that at no time since the
establishment of the bureau, has it been in position to render more
efficient service than at the present. The recognition of its value and
importance has drawn to it the aid and the support that it needs for its
successful operations, It is much to be regretted that just at this time,
its activity should be somewhat impaired, by the ill health of its Chief
Officer, compelling a temporary respite from official duties. I know that
you will unite with me in the earnest desire that the restoration of health
which he is seeking in rest abroad, may be speedy and complete.

Valuable aid to economic entomology may be confidently expected

—160—

from the “Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy”, recently
established in Washington, under charge of Dr. C. Hart Meriam, in the
investigations that are being conducted by it in the food—habits of our
insectivorous birds,

The appointment of one of the active members and an officer of our
own club, to the assistant curatorship of the Department of Entomology
of the National Museum, under provisions that will permit of the proper
care and increase of the collections, is a gratifying event of the past year.
This Department now contains the Riley collection recently donated to
it of 15,cOO species and 115,000 specimens; the collection of the De-
partment of Agriculture of 50,000 specimens, and probably 5000 species
not in the Riley collection; the collection of the National Museum
proper, estimated at 20,000 specimens, and 2,000 species not in the other
collections; and the New Orleans Exposition exhibited collection of
economic entomology, of which a catalogue has been printed and di-
stributed.

The aggregate may be given as 200,000 mounted specimens, and
26,000 distinct species. (Sczence, November 20, 1885, vi, p. 445.)

The admirably prepared collection of Lepidoptera of Mr. Otto
Meske, of Albany, N. Y., embracing a fine exhibit of the New York
fauna, rare material from Texas and other western States, together with
an excellent representation of the European fauna, received through the
exchanges conducted for many years with Dr. A. Speyer, of Austria, has
recently been purchased by the National Museum, and is now in its
possession,

The collection of Insects of the Peabody Academy of Science, at
Salem, has been deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at
Cambridge. It had mainly been brought together by Prof, A. S. Pack—
ard, and contained a large proportion of his types, including all those,
(except four belonging to other entomologists) of his Monograph of
Geometrid Moths. It also contained types of other eminent ento-
mologists.

I feel that an apology is due for the length of my paper. Its excuse
must be found in the activity that has characterized entomological study
for the past year. Even in the time that I have occupied, I have only
been able to refer to some of the work done, while omitttng much that
is equally—perhaps more worthy of notice.

(To be continued.)

=O ee

On the reported occurence of Leptura variicornis
in North America.
By E. A. ScHwarz,

Mr. C. A. Dohrn (‘‘Exotisches”, No. 333; Stett. Entom. Zeit. 1836
p. IgI—2) recites that some years since he received from Dr. Leconte a
vial of alcoholic Coleoptera marked ‘‘Cross Lake to Cumberland House’,
British America, and that among them there was a Zef/ura, which upon
comparison with Russian specimens proved to be identical ‘‘in all es-
sential points” with Z. vardcornis Dalman; the only difference being in
the coloration of the antenne. In Dohrn’s American specimen the 6th
and 8th antennal joints are entirely yellow, whereas in the typical varz-
cornis they are black with a yellow basal spot. Mr. Dohrn does not con-
sider this difference as having specific importance and expresses his
astonishment at not finding Z. variicornis in any published catalogue of
North American Coleoptera.

To any one familiar with our present knowledge of the distribution
of N. A, Coleoptera it would appear highly improbable that the locality
above mentioned should furnish a Lef/ura not yet represented in our
collections; it would appear still more improbable that Dr. Leconte .
should have overlooked—as Mr. Dohrn seems to assume—a species new
to our fauna of the size indicated by Z. varacornis. Thus, when Dr.
Horn (who had not yet seen the Stettiner Ent. Zeitung for 1886) recently
called my attention to the above note, I felt convinced that there must be
something wrong with Dohrn’s conclusions, Upon comparing Leconte’s
table of N. A. Lepturee (New Species, Smithson. Misc. Coll. 264, 1873,
p. 215—223) with Ganglbauer’s careful description of ZL. varicornis
(Verh. Zool. Bot. Ver., Wien, XXXI, 1881, p. 704 [Dalman’s original
description not being accessible to me at present]), it became at once
evident to me that Mr. Dohrn had before him a female specimen of our
common ZL. canadensis of the form known as ery/hroplera Kirby. Sub-
sequent comparison of specimens with Ganglbauer’s description corrob-
orated my opinion,

To be brief, the red female of our Z. canadensis answers perfectly to
the description of varzcornzs, and since we have through Mr. Dohrn an
actual comparison of specimens, there is but little doubt left of the iden-
tity of LZ. varucornis with canadensis var. erylaroptera. The coloration
of the antennal joints in cazadensis is by no means constant: in the male
they are often entirely black, in the female the 6th and 8th joints are
sometimes entirely yellow or more or less tipped with black. Still, to
make certain of the identity, a comparison of the males is still necces-
sary. Strangely enough Prof. Ganglbauer does not describe that sex in

—162—

varicornis though carefully noting the sexual differences in other Lep-
ture. Is the male of varticcrn’s unknown to European collections? In
the male of canadensis, which is at once known by the serrate and longer
antennze, the elytra are usually black with the base red, or they are en-
tirely black, Very rarely the red color extends beyond the middle of the
elytra. In the female the form with entirely red elytra is most common,
but specimens with entirely black or bicolored elytra are also not rare.
If the identity of the two species should be confirmed, the synony-
my, so far as it relates to the variety under consideration would stand as

follows:
Leptura canadensis Fabr. var. variicornis Dalm. erythroptera Kirby
cinnamoptera Hald.

SS ee

Lepidopterological Notes.
By Gro. D. Huts.

Mr. David Bruce of Brockport, N. Y., writes us; ‘‘Last year all the
Choke Cherry trees were infested with larvze that webbed together the
terminal leaves un most of the long branches, completely enveloping them
with a bag. Short stumpy larve with reddish head, and with dull green
and white lines down the body, fed inside the webs, in numbers varying
from 30 to 100. I saved quite a lot, and they emerged Aydria undulata
Linn. I now remember that was the habit of the insect on Sallow in
England.”

This is our first knowledge of the food plant of this species in this
country. It is curious that while the insect is the same as that of Europe,
the food plant there is willow.

Mr. Bruce also writes of Se/enia kenfaria Grt., ‘‘it is not generally
known that this insect is double brooded. All the European species also
are The spring brood is so much larger and richer colored than the
late summer brood that the latter may be thought to be another species
as was the case with the European. ‘The larva of S. fenfaria is not un-
common on Maple and Birch in the vicinity of Brockport.

Mr. Bruce writes further that he has had SZzlosoma congrua emerge
from eggs laid last June and says ‘‘they vary exceedingly. I have some
Qs with distinct black spots on the top of the abdomen, and some (js
as nearly pure white as possible, and some well spotted.” In view of this
there remains hardly a doubt that §. antigone Streck., is a synonym of S.
congrua Walk. As istold Ento. Amer. Vol. I, p. 15, the larva is not
at all Spilosoma like, but strictly an Arcéa in appearance.

Mr. Bruce yet further in his writing tells of his experience in col-

—163—

lecting this season on Willow bloom. He says (the date is April rgth)
‘“‘T have just come in from the wood at the back of my house, and I wish
you had been with me to see the swarms of Geometrid Moths on Sallow
blossoms. The following species were abundant Z7iphosa dubitata,
Rheumapiera 2 species, Lobophora 2 species, Lpirri/a 1 species, Lupr-
thecia 3 species, Anticlea vastlats, Cymatophora 2 species, Hydria undu-
lata, Of Noctuids there were Zhyatira pudens, Teniocampas, Calocam-
pas, 3 species, Scopelosomas, Lithophanes, and Mamesira distincta.”

a 1 a

Society News.

Entomological Society of Washington. September 2, 1886. Mr. Schwarz
exhibited and explained the primary galleries made by an undescribed species
of Pityophthorus under the bark of Red Oak. The female beetle bores through
the bark and then a short distance straight downward. A long transverse gallery
crosses this vertical gallery immediately below the entrance hole. It appears
that the vertical gallery is constructed solely for the purpose of enabling the
beetle to turn around without getting on the outside of the tree. The differences
between this species (which Mr. 8. intends to describe as P. querciperda) and
the closely allied P. minutissimus were also pointed out.

Mr. Smith gave an account of news received from Tennessee and Virginia
where Dynastes tityus has appeared in the light of a nuisance—being so abund-
ant as to cause such a } ollution of the atmosphere that the health officers—not
knowing the true source of the odors made vigorous war fare against pools, pig-
pens and other unsavory localities,—without success of course. Mr. Lugger
stated that in the vicinity of Memphis there were thousands of stumps of trees
cut down some years since and affording an abundance of foob for the species.
He states that here the water ash is its favorite food. He states that on the shore
of Eastern Maryland he attracted the insect by bruising ash twigs—a friend
from Mexico having advised him that in that country they were so taken. Fe-
males only were attracted in that way—willow also exercised some attraction,
but to much less extent. Males had a fashion of flying into the chimneys of
cabins, and he had found remains of as many as fifty in a single deserted
cabin. Mr. Smith remarked that this seemed to prove a community of habit
between tityus and grantii, which Mr. Doll had found in Mountain ash in Ari-
zona. Mr, Schwarz mentioned a number of species of Lamellicorns having per-
ceptible odors and especially mentioned Polybrevipes which had rather a pleas-
ant smell both as larva and pupa, but no trace of it in the imago. Mr. Lugger
stated that the odor of Dynastes was as lasting as it was disagreeable—a box con-
taining them for some, time still retained the odor, though it was fully four
years since they had been removed, the box re-papered and another family
of beetles put into it. He also mentioned that there had been some
mention of Lucanus elaphus asa pest in some purts of the country. Mr. Smith
stated that he had seen the pupa of the ({' of this species and it had between
the anal forks the same spiral coil of intestinal or other structure that Mr.
Schaupp described and figured as present in Dorcus. There was some discus—
sion as the the nature of this coil, and it having been suggested that it might be
a parasite, Dr. Marx related that Prof. Atkinson had taken from the body of a

large Lycosa a Gordius 14 inches in length. Mr. Lugger related that from a
small specimen of Platynus eupreus he had drawn a Gordius 11 inches in length
and left a portion still in the body.

Mr. Smith described the brush of hair at the base of the abdomen in the
J of Lygranthoecia marginatu. ‘Vhere is a groove between the dorsal and ventral
portion of the basal two segments and in this lies concealed a tuft of long hair.
Tt is fastened to a cup-shaped membraneous dise at the base of the abdomen,
and is twisted rope like for half its length. When first forced out of the groove
and expanded there was a very strong odor, similar to thatof the parallel organs
in P. isabella and L. acrewa. Myr. Schwarz, who first called attention to these
organs a year ago at Ann Arbor, confirmed Mr, Smith’s observation as to the
structure and the odor, and stated that he had succeeded in replacing a tuft into
its roove, though not so completely as it had been before being disturbed.

Mr. Schwarz exhibited a male specimen of Merope tuber Newm., (family
Panorpide), found by him under a stone near Washington on August 22nd,
and gave a history of this anomalous and rare insect. He also exhibited two
females of Cheetoceelus setosus Lec., found on July 28th in the vicinity of Wash-
ington on dead oak twigs. “The only hitherto known locality for this Malachiid
beetle was Columbus, Texas. Mr. Schwarz finally called attention to a beautiful
and undescribed variety of the common Conotrachelus anaglypticus in which the
reddish and orange colors of the pubescence are replaced by a beautiful snow-
white.

Meeting Oct. 2, 1886. — Mr. Howard read a paper on the larval habits of
Hydropsyche. He had found the larvee of a species of this genus very abundant
in Rock Creek near Washington where they were feeding upon the larve of
Simuliwm. He described the webs and spoke at length on the habits.

Mr. Lugger presented a list of a small collection of Coleoptera made at
Albaca, Bahama Islands, by members of the Zoological Station of the Johns
Hopkins University. More than three-fourth of the species are widely distrib-
uted, occurring from the Southern States of North America through the West
Indies to South America; the few species not occurring within the United States
are known from Cuba. Messrs. Smith and Schwarz added some remarks on the
character of the insect fauna of the Bahama Islands.

Mr. Schwarz commenting on Mr. C. A. Dohrn’s publication regarding the
occurrence of Leptura variicornis Dalm. in North America, stated that Dohrn’s
Canadian specimen is no doubt a female of the common Leptura canadensis var.
erythroptera. He further criticized Mr, Fleutiaux’s attempt (Le Naturaliste, VIII,
No. 41, p. 327) to revive the question of the specific distinctness of Amblychila
Piccolominii.

Mr. Schwarz gave a history of the spread of Crioceris asparagi within the
United States and reported its occurrence this season at Fortress Monroe, Va.
From the circumstances under which the insect was found he concluded that it
did not gradually spread along the lower Potomac through the more northern
parts of Virginia but that it had flown directly across the Bay from the opposite
shore of Virginia. Mr. Lugger corroborated this opinion by relating his obser-
vations on the spread of the Crioceris in Maryland. During the past few
seasons the species had spread rapidly southward from Baltimore along the
shores of the Chesapeake Bay.

Mr. Heidemann exhibited some Hemiptera Heteroptera which he considers
rare or new to the fauna of the District of Columbia.

——.

—164 a—

AN EXPLANATION.

Our last number was a double one, and as this unusual issue has
caused considerable inquiry we desire to explain. | Late in September
we received word that the Manuscript of the Proceedings of the Ento-
mological Club was on the way to us, and as we were desirous of getting
some of this in, we delayed the printer until its arrival. The manuscript
had been mailed by Prof. Lintner in Albany on the 4th or 5th of Octo-
ber—it was after the zoth when we received it. —By that time we had
given it up as lost. and had set the printerto work on other matter. Then,
as fate would have it, the big press met with an accident and was in the
hospital for two weeks or thereabouts. The first of the month had long
passed, and we decided as the manuscript was then all at hand, to issue
a double number. ‘The accumulation of work caused by the breakage
of the press caused more delay, and finally when the procf came in it was
read in a hurry,.once oniv—as a result more mistakes than usual crept
in, and we present a page of errata—no prools were sent to authors and
they are not responsible for errors,

The numerous letters received by us soon after October 1st showed
how much our friends had learned to rely on the prompt appearance of
the paper, and this explanation is made to them in the hope that we
may never have occasion to make another.

BOR AR A Tae

Page 138, for genns, line 7 from bottom, read genus.
** 139, ‘‘ Malthodus, line 4 read Malthodes for smaller in, line 20 read
smaller than in,

: ‘* 141, for Overthur, line 11 read Oberthiir.
t “ 444, line 15, for 55 read 25.

us eee asda la W. J'yles read. T \Wemaivles,

oe 45, ‘* 14, ‘* preparations ‘* preparation,
32, ‘* 1866 read 1886.
cee ee 38, “* Kdward read Edwards.
cle. 6 AO eMrG2 Ten 1, p..92:
Be i) 5S ACOs ead! LOT,
Nagy 8 GO paeemem. S Xvii.
sc “ ** 37, ‘as carpet-feeder read as a carpet—feeder.
2, ** also read has also.
4, ‘ Coleopa read Celopa.
6, ** collection read collation.
«© 148, “ 7, ‘* Transaction read Transactions,
“« «lines II, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, the brackets should be parentheses.
>, ‘* line 22; for A. L. Packard read A. S, Packard.

oe

oe

—164 b—

149, ‘ 6, ‘* Casino read Cassifio.
** « 6, * octave read octavo,
‘¢ & 40, ‘* subfamily read subfamilies:
150, ** 13, * Myriapoden read Myriopoden.
151, ‘** 29, ** Typhlodomus read Typhlodromus.
153, ‘* 10, ‘+ inasmuch as it read which.
«s ** 37, °* attention the read attention to the.
cc ee fe ** “propogation ‘* propagation.

154, lines 15 and 27, after species and Fisher dele the comma.

‘* line 37, for form read from.
‘- ast line, for No. 2 read No. 12.
155, line 4, for xvii read xviii.
** ** 25, should be followed by top paragraph of p. 156.
“« ** “next to bottom, for occurence read occurrence.
156, ‘* 30, for conclusion read conclusions.
“« ** 37, ‘ will appears read would appear.
Ly a ao. le Ra Ecner read Exner.
“ <*0;.. ** facetted readsmceted.
158, ‘* 5, ‘* Edward’s read Edwards’.
se ee 68, «= ¢* Chambre’s read Chambers’.
cc 38, ** Carabidae * Carabide.
159, ** 6, ‘* Staphilinide read Staphylinidee.
“ee 78, ~¢* larva read Jarvee.
£6") 225<< be (source reaaseassource:
160, ‘* 2, ‘* Meriam read Merriam.
** lines 17 and 18 belong to the preceding paragraph.
163, for foob, line 25, read food.
*« -** to much, line 30, read to a much.
“« * Polybrevipes, line 35, read Polymechus brevipes.
«« some, time line 38, read some time,,

BROOKLYN, DECEMBER, 1886. NO. 9.

VOL. II.

Apparently new forms of N. American Heterocera.

By Henry Epwarps
The following species which I believe to be unrecorded, are all in
my own collection, and have many of them stood for some years without
names. There are only one or two uniques among them, and I have
confidence that they will be found to be new to our entomological fauna.

Family BOMBYCIDZ.,

Daritis Thetis, Klug var. Howardi n. var.

About 2 years ago, I received from my old friend Mr. Wilson How-
ard, two specimens of this magnificent moth, which had been taken by
him in New Mexico, I have delaved its description as Mr. R. H. Stretch
promised to make a figure of it for me. He has however since then had
his time taken up with other matters, and the figure has not come to
hand. I therefore think it best to call attention to this remarkable addition
to our fauna.

The type of D. Thetis is figured by Klug in his Neue Schmett. pl.
IV, fig. 1 and 2, 1836, asan Luprefra, but Walker separated it and its
kindred species under the name of Daritis. D. Thetis is quite common
in some parts of Old Mexico, but there is considerable difference in the
form before us and it well deserves a varietal name.

The ground color of the forewings is decidedly black, and not brown asin D. The-
tis, and the stripes and bands ave of a clearer white and much broader. The lower
wings have a much larger white field, owing to the narrower margin, the ground
color of which is scarlet in the place of orange with the blue lunules larger, and near-
ly touching the edge of the marginal band. The tbiz are bright citron yellow, as in
the typical form.

=too=—

3 examples. N. Mexico. (Wilson Howard).
It is with great pleasure that I dedicate this grand addition to our
fauna, to my old and valued friend.

\

Euprepia caja, var. utahensis. n. var.

While collecting in Salt Lake City some two years ago, I tookat the
electric lights about 40 specimens of a form, which differs so much from
Arctit americana as to deserve to be marked by name asa good variety.
In it the white bands of the primaries are invariably very much wider than
in 4. americana, and the base of the wings is in some specimens wholly
white with three brown spots. ‘The head and collar are invariably much
redder than in the other form, while the secondaries are always pale orange
and never red as in americana. tis indeed a more exaggerated type
of cajz much whiter and paler than any European example | have seen,
and remarkably constant to its characters. One specimen however has
the collar and sides of the thorax pale yellow. It would be interesting to
trace the early stages of this strongly aberrant form, and as itis abundant
in August, there ought to be little difficulty in so doiug.

Halisidota laqueata. n. sp.

Wings but slizhtly clothed with scales. The primaries are marked with brown
streaks between the nervules, and following their course. Those on the costa, in the
cell, and along the internal margin are the most strongly marked. The costa is pink-
ish white, and at base of internal margin is a pale pink blotch, ‘The submarginal line
is indicated by brown dashes. ‘he secondaries are subhyaline with the margin nar—
rowly dusky, Beneath both wings are subhyaline, with the margins broadly dusky.
Antenne rather long with the shaft cream color and the pectinations ochreous. Head
black with pink streak at base of antennz extending around the eyes, and to the base
of the palpi, which are black above, cream color beneath, Collar pale crimson in
front, with the edges pink posteriorly. Tegulze striped with pink, the inner streak
being rather broad, Abdomen reddish orange, shading into crimson posteriorly, with
the anal segment black. Sides black, with the upper edge triangular on the segments,
and with a broken cream color lateral streak. ‘There are small: triangular black
patches on the center of the 6th and 7th segments above. Beneath the abdomen is
sordid white, with the 2 anal segments black. ‘Vhe tibiz are cream color without,
ro-y within, the fore pair with a blackish blotch. 'Tarsi dull cream color.

1 9, Texas. Coll. D. Bruce.

Expanse of wings. 48, mm,

An exquisite species, widely differing from any other in our fauna.

‘Nelphe carolina, n. sp.

Primaries sordid white, with olivaceous markings. These are arranged in a ser-
ies of spots, mostly oblong in shape, and placed between the neryures: those across
the middle of the wing and the cell being the largest, giving the wing a somewhat tes-
selated appearance. The nervures are also olivaceous, the costal region being the
same color but of a paler shade than the spots, of which three on the costa are quite
conspicuous, ‘here are cuneate olivaceous dashes between the nervures on the mar-
vin, Secondaries slightly hyaline. with the border narrowly olivaceous, - Thorax

—167—

also streaked with two olive shades. Abdomen dull yellow on the posterior halt, the
base and dorsal streak being olivaceous, Beneath the markings of the primaries are
more confused, the margins of the wing and some spots in the center being pale.
Secondaries same as on upper side. The feet and legs are stone drab, with blackish
blotches.

Exp. wings 31, mm. Length of body 12, mm. 3 examples feet
©. Indian River, Florida.

I place this curious insect in H. Schae“er’s genus at the suggestion
of Mr. Grote. It is however remarxably like a small Aalisrdosa,

Ichthyura bifiria n, sp.

Closely allied to L. brucei, Hy. Edw. but still widely differing in important par
ticulars, The general color is a bright silver gray, the white lines all very clearly dc-
fined, and the brown shades very strongly contrasted, The basal line is slightly ob-
lique with a sharp tooth in the middle. ‘The second line is nearly straight, joining
the third, (which is oblique) exactly in the middle. The third line runs sharply to a
space 2 mm. from the internal margin, where it is joined by the fourth line, which
is sinuate, and opens into a white dentate triangular mark 4 mm, from the apex.
There is a dark brown cloud surrounding this fourth line in the costal region, and
the line is edged with reddish brown posteriorily, another brown cloud at the junc-
tion of the third and fourth line, a submarginal broken line of black spots, and nu-
merous blackish irrorations over the whole surface. Behind the brown sub apical!
cloud is awhitish shade. Secondaries sibver gray with blackish scales over the whole
surface. Thorax with central brown tuft narrow and extending over the front of the
head. Abdomen silver gray, grizzled with black. Under side wholly darker gray,
with blackish scales, and the white sub-apical streak very distinct. Shaft of anten
nze white, pectinations fawn color. The anal tufi is tipped with dark brown, and
the orbits of the eyes are surrounded by a dark shading of the -ame color.

Ex. wings, 28 mm. Length of body, 16 mm.
Soda Springs, Shasta Co., Cal. J. Behrens,

Gluphisia severa. n. sp.

©. Base of the primaries blackish gray as far as the t, a. line, bnt covered
thickly with black scales, ana the basal half line distinctly black. The t. a. line is
broad, velvety black, not quite reaching the costa, and is preceed.d by a whitish
shade. The t. p. line is dentate; whii~h, more oblique than the t. a., which tuins
abruptly at a right angle just as it reaches the costa. The median space is velvety
black, varied with dull gray and ches nut brown, the latter about the anterior por-
tion, At the posterior end of the cell is an ochreous dash. Margins of the wing
broadly gray with olivaceous dashes, and blackish irrorations. Fringe gray mottled
with brown and olive. Secondaries smoky white, passing into dusky toward the
margins with slightly waved median band, and a black anal spot broken up with
gray. Thorax gray. Abdomen brown, moitled with gray. Beneath, the surface is
wholly gray, with the bands and markings geminate, and darker than the ground
color. There is no trace of the black, so conspicuous in the median space of the
upper side, and the color is far lighter.

Exp. wings, 45mm. _ Length of body, 17 mm.

1 Q. Soda Springs. Shasta Co., Cal. J. Behrens.

I place this fine insect, (which is utterly unlhke anything
I have ever before seen, provisionally in the genus G/uphisia,

—=03——

though I believe that, together with G. Wright, (with which the present
species is congeneric) they should form the types of a new genus. The
head which is small, is deeply imbedded in the thorax, and is concealed
by the hairy front. The antennal structure is very peculiar, the
shaft bearing pectinations only for its terminal third the rest being
simple, but covered with long scales. The tibiae are very densely clothed
with long hairs, and the tarsi, which are very short even for the Bomby-
cidee, are covered with long scales. The abdomen is stout and very
hairy, and extends alittle beyond the hind wings. Itis perhaps wrong to
found a genus only upon one sex, and I prefer therefore that this interest-
ing species should remain temporarily in the genus to which it appears
to me to be most closely related.

Eggs. Two eggs which I found attached to the abdomen are flattened
at their base, circular, of a dull amber color, with the apex slighly paler.
Their diameter is about one_mm.

Pheosia Portlandia, n. sp.

In this form, which appeass to be widely separated from either of those in
Grote’s Check List, the whole of the insect is very much darker in color, in addition
to gaeat difference in the markings. I have a {and Q quite agreeing with each
other, and feel confident that we have to do with a new species. In the ,¥' the prim-
aries are very dark smoky brown, almost black on the costal third, with a light
smoke colored cloud near the apex. From the middle of the base to about the third
of the internal margin runs a black velvety line, edged inwardly with white, and rest-
ing upon a distinct white angular streak. Inside of this streak, the base is fawn-col—
or, The middle of the internal marvin is produced as in the others of the group, and
s brown black. The posterior margin is shaded with whitish, though this shading
is obsolete before reaching the costa. The nervules are darker than the gronnd color.
Secondaries smoky, palest on disk, and darkest at the anal angle, where there is a
biackish patch, with a few white scales. Beneath, the whole wings dusky with whit-
ish patches on the costa and at the apex of the primaries. On the secondaries is a
faint trace of a paler median band. ‘Thorax blackish brown, with a few white scales
at the sides. Abdomen smoky drab. Exp. wings, 50 mm. Length of body, 18
mm, ©. A little lighter in color than the <j’ especially on the secondaries. The
white lines, and the whitish patches are more clear than in the other sex, and there is
a white blotch on the costa, near the apical third. ‘The center of secondaries becomes
a sordid white, and the lower side has the median pale band, common to both wings,
lighter than in the co. In other respects there is litle difference in the sexes.

Exp. wings, 54, mm. Length of body. 24, mm.

3, Y. Taken at light, at Portland, Oregon, by Mr. James Behrens.
Fam. NOCTUIDZE.

Raphia pallula, n. sp.

Ground color of primaries yellowish fawn-color, considerably obscured by black
irrorations, the lines being only faintly determined. The basal line is broadly sha—
ded with black, a black shade at base of internal margin, and two black triangular
blotches on the costa. The t. a. line is almost obsolete, and the t. p. line very faint,

—16g—

but easily distinguishable, It is waved outwardly in the middle, as in R. frater, and
is similar in shape to the same line in that species. Thereniform and subreniform are
wanting. The posterior margin is flecked with black and white, the extreme margin-
al line consisting of black lunules. In the median space are some whitish shades.
Fringe grizzled with white and black. The secondaries are sordid white, with a
marginal row of black lunules, and some small black irrorations scattered over the
sub-marginal surface. Head, collar, and disk of thorax grizzled black and white.
Tegule yellow fawn colur, edged with black and white. Abdomen brownish, with
the tufts grizzled.” Beneath the wings are pale drab, with blackish flecks, and faint
blackish discal spots, the margins showing the blackish lunules. Feet and legs fawn
color, spotted with gray and black,

Exp. wings 36,mm. 2 Q. Siskiyou Co. Cal. (J. Behrens).

The coloring of this apparently rare species, is very peculiar and will
serve to distinguish it from any other form.

Apatela Americana, var. obscura. s. var.

A very dark form in which the primaries are a much duller and dark-
er gray than the tyye, the lines being thus rendered less distinct, and the
secondaries being wholly dull smoky brown, the median waved band be-
ing lost in the deeper shade of the ground color. Common at Kansas
City, Mo. in August, and there apparently replacing the paler northern
form,

Perigea fasciata, n. sp.

Light stone color, with whitish and fawn shades. Base dull sordid white, enclos-
ing the basal and t. a, lines both of which are but faintly shown, The latter passes
straight across the wing without any dentation. Between it, and thet. p. line isa
rather broad whitish space. The t. p. is dark, and rather broadly edged with a
brownish fascia, behind which are some fawn-colored shades. Sub-marginal line
dark brown, with white scales intermixed, and at internal angle, a rather clear white
spot. Fringes alternately brown and white. Secondaries pale drab at the base,
clouded rather broadly on the margin, more so in the QO than in the d'. Underside
dull sordid white clouded on the margins, with darker discal spot, a common median

line, and some triangular marks along the costa of primaries. Thorax and abdomen
concolorous.

Exp. wings ¢', 21, mm. Q, 26, mm.
Several examples. Colorado desert. (R. H. Stretch. )
Deva morigera, n. sp.

General color fawn drab, mottled with darker shades. The primaries have a
slight golden sheen. From the base runs a double white, rather broad line touching
the median nerve at the forward end of the cell, and here surmounted by a triangu—
lar double white line, the apex of which does not quite reach the costa, but rests on
the subcostal nerve. From this triangular mark which encloses a brown space, the
broad line runs a little obliquely inwardly until it reaches the somewhat waved white |
posterior line, This latter has a double tooth near the internal margin, and is then
nearly straight to the apical region, where it is lost in a clear whitecloud. The pos-
terior space is richly shaded with brown, and the same color is apparent in the mid—

—t70—

dle of the wing broken only by the double whitish line, The margin is brown, pass—
ing into whitish at theinternal angle. Fringedull whitish, mottled with brown, Sec-
ondaries dull fawn-color, with faint median band. Beneath, the wings are fawn drab
with darker shadings, and with the bands very apparent. ‘Thorax fawn drab, edges
of the collar and tegulez marked with white. Abdomen and legs fawn drab above
and below.

Exp. wings, 32 mm, tQ. Colorado. (D Bruce.)

I place this beautiful insect, (a fineexample of which I owe to the kindness
of my friend Mr. Bruce) in the sub-genus, Deva, Walker, as in shape and
general appearance it bears great resemblance to the well-known D, pur-
purigera. In the present species however, the palpi are very long, the ter-
minal article being broad and flattened, with long hairs, In the other
two N. American species of Deva the palpi are somewhat shorter than in
this, though considerably longer than those of P/usia proper and it was
mainly upon this character that Walker founded his genus, the validity
of which has been accepted by Mr. Grote. The thoracic tufts also are
flatter and more spreading. If Deva be allowed to standas a genus distinct
from Plusia, the European P/usia monefa must be removed to it.

Plusia vaccinii, n. sp.

Size of P. u-aureum, with the same style of clouded markings on the primaries.
The lines are however, straighter, and not so deeply dentate as in that species and
there is a marked difference in the shape of the metallic spot. In the present form
it is obtusely triangular, and seperated by a rather wide interval from a small round

dot. The ground color of the wing is also paler towards the internal angle. ‘The ~

secondaries are paler, more inclining to fawn-color on the disk, with a faint median
band, and the margins broadly dusky.

We owe the discovery of this species to Mr. Roland Thaxter, who
took it on Mt, Washington. N. H., in July, and also raised it from the
larva found by him feeding upon a species of Vaccinium. Mr. Thaxter
states that it is diurnal in its habits, and that it flies among the rocks
near the summit of the mountain. It is at Mr. Thaxter’s suggestion that
I name the species after its food-plant.

Plusia california. Geyer.

Some exquisite specimens ofa variation of this species, in which
the median space is largely suffused with bright reddish brown, giving a
different appearance from the typical form, have been taken by Mr. D.
Bruce and myself in Colorado and California. To distinguish it, I pro-
pose for it the varietal name of P. russea, n. var.

I may here mention that, with reference th the wide distribution of
species of P/usia, I have in my collection examples of P. /7/oba, Steph.
from Mexico, California, and Bogota, and of P. verruca, Fab. from
Venezuela and Brazil.

Phoberia indiscreta, n. sp.
Whole upper surface, light fawn-drab. Basal half line of primaries reduced to

a»

L71—
two round blackish dots. T. a. line nearly straight, very slightly waved on the
costa. T. p. line nearly obsolete. Reniform pale in front, with blackish longitudinal
dash posteriorly and connected with a dark shade reaching to internal margin. Mar-
gins of wing rather deeply notched, with black dots at the extremity of the nervules.

Secondaries a trifle paler towards the base. Underside wholly pale fawn color,
with black irrorations, and rather large discal spots on primaries. Fringes as _ well
as the thorax and abdomen concolorous with the wings,

Exp. wings, 42 mm,

pOe) Havilah, Kern Co., Cal,, (iets Stretch).

I think this form is rightly placed, though I had formerly regarded
itas near Synedoida. Indeed, I think S. va/ens, Hy. Edwards, should
also find its position here. It is probable that the examination of these
two species led Mr. Grote to place the latter genus near to Zoxocampa.

Pleonectyptera obliqualis, n. sp.

Very pale fawn drab, with a pinkish tinge. The anterior line is discontinued a
little beyond the middle, while the posterior is perfectly straight, and goes obliquely
to the costa at about 3 mm. from the apex. Both these lines are bright chestnut
brown, thouzh slightly indistinct, the space between them being paler than the rest
of the wing. The submarginal line is composed of a broken series of dark brown
dots, and there are also brown dots at the ends of the nervules. The secondaries
have a faint indication of a median band. Beneath, both wings are stained with red—
dish, particularly towards the margins, and the lower side of the abdomen, tibiae and
tarsi are marked with the same color,

Exp. wings, 21 mm,, Ij‘, Texas. (Belfrage. )
Fam. PYRALIDA.

Prorasea brunneogrisea. n. sp.

Primaries shaded with white and brown, The whole of the base and the costal
region very widely whitish, the white becoming clearer as it approaches the apex.
There are two oblique dashes of brown on costa at the apical third, and some streaks
of brown are intermingled with the white ground color. The posterior margin is
broadly brownish, and this color extends along the internal margin, but stops short
within 2 mm. of the base. In the brown cloud at the internal angle is a faint den-
tate white line. This may represent the t. p. line. The submarginal line, is incom-
plete, whitish, lost before the middle, while the t. a. line is very oblique from a_ point
2 mm. from the base, straight until it reaches the median nervure, thence in an
opposite direction towards the costa, forming an acute angle at the cell, and again
acutely angular to the costa. The lower wings are silver drab, with a darker mar—
gin, the fringe with a dark line, and an oblong dark patch between veins 3 and 4,
which is edged above and below with white. Beneath the color is pale fawn drab,
with the margins and fringes darker, and with a darker oblique blotch on the costa
near the apex. Thorax mixed with brown and white. Abdomen and legs fawn
color. Set

Exp. wings, 26 mm., 1 <j‘, Prescot, Arizona.
More decided in its markings than any other species of the genus,
the shades of color being more strongly contrasted, and the lines less ap-

parent. The wings are also narrower than those of P. smalis.

—172——

Proceedings of the Entomological Club of the A. A.A.S.

(Continued from page 160.)

—9>—__

Dr. D. S. Kellicott on behalf of the Buffalo Society of Natural His-
tory placed the rooms of the Society at the disposal of the club and ten-
dered the members a cordial welcome to the City.

On motion the Secretary was requested to furnish Mr. J. B. Smith
with a copy of the minutes of the meeting for publication in Entomolo-
gica Americana.

Prof. Wm. Saunders stated that he had recently met Prof. Riley in
England and was glad to be able to say that his health was much im-
proved.

Prof, J. H. Comstock of Ithaca explained a new method of arran-
ging Entomological collections so as to avoid loss of time in making
necessary changes in their arrangements.

A communication of this plan had been sent to Science and ap-
peared in Number 108, Vol. V, Feb. 27th, 1885.

This plan, based on the same principle as the Slip System of keep-
ing notes, consists of a series of movable blocks of various sizes, but so
adapted to a standard size that the case can always be filled with these
blocks on which the insects are pinned, the idea being to fasten in each
case all the specimens illustrating a single species upon a single block:
where addition or change is desirable a fresh block can be inserted with-
out disturbing the specimens and the end block transferred to the next
case.

Prof. Comstock also exhibited some square flat. glass phials he had
imported for preserving larvae: the mouth of which is on the upper side
so as to prevent the escape of alcohol. Slips of white card of the
same width but somewhat longer than the phial are glued to the under
side, and the protruding ends are pinned to the bottom of the case in
which they are kept and thus their proper position is maintained.

Arrangements were made for the future meeting of the Club at the
High School, in which the meetings of the A. A. A. S. are held.

Mr. O. Reinecke of Buffalo gave the members a cordial invitation to
visit him on the following afternoon and examine his collection of Coleop-
tera.

The meeting then adjourned subject to the call of the President.

Thursday Aug, 19, 1886.—The Club met at 9 A. M. in room No.
6 of the High School; The President in the chair; 10 persons present,

—173—

The following were then nominated and elected officers of the Club
for the ensuing vear.

President, Prof. J. H. Comstock, Ithaca, N. Y.
Vice President, Prof. S. A. Forbes, Champaign, ‘Ill,
Secretary, Mr. E. Bavnes Reed, London, Canada.

Prof Forbes submitted a few notes on the life history of insects in
jurious to agriculture, which he had been cultivating. Among these are
the Hessian fly, the wheat-bulb worm, the common wire worms, the cur-
rant worm, the corn-root worm, and the corn-plant louse. | Concerning
the latter insect, one of the worst infesting corn, he announced an espec-
ially important observation, showing that Indian corn may be protected
against it by a regular and frequent rotation of crops.

An account was first given of an irregular and unequally retarded
metamorphosis of Nematus ventricosus,—a homogeneous ‘lot of half-
grown larve collected early in May emerging partly in June and July of
the same year, and partly in April and May of the year following.

A detailed description was given of the earth-nest of Craméus zeelle..,
and of the method and character of the injury done to corn by this spec-
ies. This Crambus hibernates as a larva, pupates within its tubular nest
in June, and emerges in June and July. It is commonly a grass insect,
+-corn infested being almost invariably on sod. The larva is attacked
by a ALicrogaster and by a Zachina fly. It is easily killed by kerosene
emulsion poured on the earth containing it, and would probably be poi-
soned by Paris green dusted upon the lower corn blades.

The larva of Cramébus exsrccaius was this year also found injurious
to corn planted on old grass land.

The Hessian fly (Cecedomyza destructor) has lately been found to hi
bernate sometimes, in Southern Il|linois, as a naked white larva, not
forming the puparium until the following May, and then emerging be-
fore harvest, as faras known. ‘These naked winter larva are believed to
be the offspring of a midsummer brood which develops in volunteer
wheat, and yields the imago early in autumn.

The clover seed midge (Cecedomvia legumini-ola) was observed in III.
as early as 1879, a fact which makes its eastern origin doubtful. A new
chalcid parasite (7e/rastchus) of the larva was reported; but its worst en-
emy so far observed in Zrphleps insidiosus. ‘The young of this species
are often so abundant on the clover heads as to be mistaken for the au-
thors of the injury to clover; but experiments showed that they attack
the midge larvee promptly and soon destroy it by piercing the body and
sucking the blood.

Some observations of the summer indicate that Meromyza americana

Entumologica Americana. 24 December 1886.

—174—

is three-brooded, instead of merely two-brooded as has been heretofore
supposed. Eggs and half grown larve were found in abundance on
young wheat August 4.

Two species of Me/anotus (JZ. communis, and cribulosus) were bred
to the imago, with a third elaterid as yet undetermined, and figures and
precise descriptions of the immature stages of these species have been
prepared. Larvae of all these species, of Agrio/es mancus, and of a Car-
diophorus, were reported as injurious to Indian corn;—the latter very pe-
culiar larva boring the roots in all directions, in sandy soil in Southern
Illinois. ‘hese larvae were apparently full grown June 24, but no pupx
were found. J/elanotus cribulosus pupates in July, and forms the imago
hy September, but in the Laboratory experiments did not emerge from
the ground until the following spring.

he extention southward of observed injuries by the corn root worm
(Diabrotica longicornis) was next reported, fields having been seriously
injured in extreme Southern Illinois, where water had stood for three
weeks in the spring. ‘lvhat this, now possibly the worst of the corn in-
sects in Illinois, was rare in that region twenty years ago, seems implied
by a remark of Walsh in the Practical Entomologist (Vol. IL., p. 10,) to
the effect that he had taken three specimens on flowers in Illinois many
years before, :

The common pale flea beetle (Sys/ena blanda) usually feeding as an
imago on leaves of Xanthium sfrumarium, was bred this year from slender
white larvae feeding on kernels of sprouting corn in the earth—specimens
collected May 17 pupating May 26—June 10 and emerging June 17.

Epicerus imbricatus feeds on leaves of pear in May (imagos appar—
ently emerging from the ground,) and lays its eggs in a single layer on
the leaves, afterwards concealing them by gumming the leaves together
by their opposed surfaces.

The larva of Sphenophorus parvulus was discovered to infest the roots
of meadow grasses (Timothy) hollowing out the bulbs from beneath.
These larvae (not heretofore identified) pupated after July 21, and had
formed the imago by September 24. A serious injury to hay, in South.
ern Illinois, was attributable to this insect—a large percentage of the
stalks, and even whole stools, being killed by the destruction of the
roots. ‘The imago sucks the sap from stems of wheat and corn.

Empoa albopicta, Forbes, was described in September. 1853, by Dr.
Wm. LeBaron in the *‘Prairie Farmer” of Chicago, under the name of
Tetigonia mal, but as the name, published in an agricultural newspaper,
was never afterwards used by entomologists, it should probably be ignor-
ed. ‘The species hibernates as an adult, lays its eggs in early summer
upon the apple, and is apparently confined to that plant when young.

—175—

Later it is found on vegetation in great variety.

It is now apparent that the corn plant louse (4/pArs mardis) takes
its earliest start in spring only in fields in corn the vear before; but it
may very rapidly mature a winged brood of root lice (in one case in sev-
en days from the planting of the field,) by means of which adjacent fields
mav be stocked. Laboratory experiments and field observations indicate
that the root lice are strictly dependent on the ant, Laszés alunus, which
mines along the principal roots of the corn. collects the plant lice, and
conveys them into these burrows, and there watches and protects them.
‘These ants have nothing to do with the hibernation of the lice, their winter
nests never containing them in any form, either in cornfields or in other
situations. The facts indicate that the lice hibernate as wingless females
in the earth of fields previously infested.

Specimens of the various Jarve were exhibited preserved in spirit.

Several remarks were made on the retarded development of insects.

Rev. C. J. S. Bethune of Port Hope, Ont. instanced the same
habit which had recently come under his notice in breeding, A. Prom-
ethea.

Prof. Forbes in speaking of the attacks of insects remarked that there
seemed to be a relation between the presence of the insect and the sup-
ply of fruit.

The President asked if Prof. Forbes had found the terminal segments
vf wire worms of any value in determining generic distinctions,

Prof Forbes thought that they could not be relied on as_ of specific
value, but might be of generic importance.

Prof. L. M. Underwood of Syracuse exhibited a new species of
Phrynus sent him from Key West: according to Packard; ‘‘Phrynus is
at once known by the excessively long whip multiarticulate forelegs
which apparently perform the office of antennz; the body is short and
broad and has no appendage to the abdomen,”

Various specimens of interest were exhibited by Mr. J. A Moffatt
of Hamilton, Ont., and Rev. C. J. S. Bethune of Port Hope, Ont.

On motion the club adjourned to meet at g a.m. the following
morning in the same place.

Friday, August 2oth, 1886. The club met pursuant to adjourn-
ment at g a. m. Prof. Lintner in the chair, 11 members present, Prof.
Forbes read the following paper:

A Contributon to the Life History of Aphis maidis, Fitch.
By H. Garman.

In studying the life history of the corn plant louse at the beginning

of the summer of 1885, a large frame was erected out of doors and so

—176—

enclosed as to exclude insects from without and to prevent those within
from escaping. In this inclosed frame three hills of field corn were
planted, and on their appearance above ground one of them was stocked
with a colony of Zascus alienus Forst., the small ant which habitually at-
tends the root form of this plant-louse, The ants made themselves quar-
ters about the roots of the corn, and on the rgth of July a number of
wingless viviparous female lice with their voung and one pupa were
placed within reach of the ants and were at once carried to the roots of
the corn by the latter. On the 22d of July other root lice, wingless and
winged, were placed near the stocked plants and were also carried to the
roots. With a view to learning whether or not root lice would of them-
selves make their wav to the roots of corn, on July 22d, and subsequent-
lv. many specimens were placed at the base of one of the hills not col-
onized with ants. hey always disappeared, but could not be found
afterwards on the roots. The plants with which they were placed con-
tinued to grow as well as the third hill under the cover which from the
first had not been disturbed, and at the close of the summer careful
search did not disclose lice on the roots. The injurious effect of the
lice on the infested plants was soon noticeable in their smaller size and
less vigorous growth. At various times during the summer the burrows
of the ants along the roots were uncovered, revealing each time the
presence of lice. From July 23rd until the first of August winged lice
came from these burrows and were sometimes found on the blades of
corm but more frequently on the inside of the enclosing cloth of the
frame. ‘These winged individuals showed no disposition to establish col-
onies on the blades of corn, but on the contrary seemed desirous of
leaving the plants as soon as possible. All were viviparous females and
in several cases confined upon the plants, although sometimes inserting
the beak and feeding, they died with the ovaries filled with young. The
migration of winged lice from the ground was observed at the same time
in neighboring fields where on the 27th of July many of, these winged
lice, chiefly dead, were found on the blades. A careful search of the
roots made at the same time showed that the root form was now rare in
situations in which it had done most injury in the spring. Root lice
were observed on the enclosed corn until the latter part of August, but
were not again uncovered until October 7, the ants in the meantime
being constantly observed running in and out. On the morning of
October 7th, the infested plants were dug up carefully and carned in
doors for careful examination and upon one of the roots which had
several times during the season been found to support plant lice was
found a small colony of oviparous females, tne only egg-laying example

of the species which up to the time had been seen. They bear a close
resemblance to the more common viviparous female of the root form as
the following description will show:—

The oviparous Female Aphis maidis (root_form),—General color dull
green; body covered with a glaucous bloom. Above, head dusky,
prothorax chiefly dusky, the three succeeding segments each with a
median transverse dusky blotch, all the segments behind the prothorax
with a marginal and submarginal series of dusky specks on each
side, Below, head and prothorax dusky, two dark spots outside the
coxa of the middle leg, a dusky line before the coxa of the hind leg, ab-
dominal segments with two series of dusky specks on each side and a
pair of dark spots before the cauda. Antenne, two basal articles, third
and fourth at tips and fifth and sixth chiefly dusky. Eye brownish red.
Rostrum dusky. Anterior and middle legs with the coxe, femora ex-
cept at bases, tibize at tips and tarsi except bases dusky. Posterior leg,
excepting the extreme base of the femur, black. Cornicles black. Cauda
with black border. Body stout, its greatest width at about the middle.
Outline of front seen from above incurved medially. Antenna with
first and second articles equal in length, the first stoutest; third article
about equal in length to the fourth and fifth together, the latter nearly
equal in length and similar in form; basal part of sixth article shorter
than the distal part, about equal to the fifth in length. Cornicles short,
not at all swollen at the middle. The limbs and the cauda have the
usual slight pubescence of members of the genus Aphis. Length of
body 2.27 mm.; Width of body 1.20 mm.; Antenna .80 mm.; Cornicle
.20mm. Perfectly developed eggs taken from the ovaries are oval in
shape, pale yellow in color and measure about .73 mm. In addition to
the discovery of the oviparous female of the root form another interesting
fact in the life history was observed during the season. _A careful look-
out was kept for any tendency of the plant lice both within and outside
the enclosed frame to breed on plants other than corn, and on the 30th
of August indubitable Aphzs mazdis of the aerial form were found not un-
common in places on voung grasses which later proved to be Panicum,
After this date they were repeatedly found on the grass. All those ex-
amined from the grasses were apterous viviporous females and young.

Prof. Forbes in reply to a question stated that ants were in the
habit o! collecting aphides and stowing them in their nests for winter use.

The following paper was then read:

A Dangerless, Vegetable Insecticide for Collecting Bottles.
W. L. Devereaux, Clyde, N. Y.

Instructions on collecting insects even in recent important works
like Appleton’s series, advise the use of chloroform for killing insects.

—178—

Others suggest benzine, camphor or ether, which serve, while worrying
to death the insect, to worry away the interest of the beginner. Cyanide
of Potassium has long since been relied on by entomologists as the only
satisfactory collectors insecticide, and, used intelligently and with care,
itis a very gratifying agent. Yet there is lurking danger in its action
as a cumulative poison with persons who use it in extensive collecting.
Setting insects fresh from it, brings a modicum to the inhaled breath.
A taxidermist who poisoned an owl with a grain of cyanide was prostrated
seriously for several days, by the fumes which arose from the flesh when
skinning the bird. I believe some <ntomologists have suffered impair-
ment of health from this compound. Photographers were injured by its
use and that profession is very much relieved to day by the supercedence
of this by other chemicals,

It has been deplored that we have not the laurel; the young leaves
of which are so much in use by European Entomologists. The ‘‘laurel
bottle” seems to bea reliable and of course a much more safe one,
especially for young collectors than the Cyanide bottle.

We have no species of the genus Laurus like the camphor tree,
sweet bay and others. Our American laurel is the Kalmia latifoha.
Both this and the mock orange are said to be poisonous to the live stock.
I have experimented with both these without success. The peach and
almond pit abound with the order of cyanogen, also our wild cherry
species, (foliage) and I agree with Mr. Fletcher of Ottawa, Ont. who
stated at the Ontario Society, in 1884 that their young leaves killed in-
sects but soon became mouldy and inoperative. It is the inner bark
of the wild cherry Prunus seroina which I find to be a superior substi-
tute for the laurel, and the European laurel is indeed a cherry, Prunus
dauro cerasus, and nota laurel at all. The bark (serotina) derives its
power like the cherry laurel, from its content of Hydrocyanic or prussic
acid, and it is the same old cyanic insecticide, but it is in a natural and
also dilute form, Hence I assert the importance of the wild cherry bark
for use where children are taught Entomology and are expected to col-
lect examples and pursue the science practically. For the expert col-
lector it is useful for all insects but the most tenacious of life. Insects
immersed in the Serofma odor are exempt that ‘‘greasing” happening in
cyanide especially that submerged in plaster of paris, Mr. A. S. Fuller's
plan of holding the Cyanide down with a piece of tightly fitting paste-
board is cleanlier. The Wild Cherry or Serofima bark is abundant
everywhere in almost all collecting grounds. Its content of Prussic acid
has long been known, but I am not aware that entomologists have used
it. I venture it contains a larger percentage than is found in any other
vegetable form, (Either the cherry laurel leaf or the mock orange (P. |

——179—

carolina) leaf.) On good chemical authority it is placed as high as
-1436 per cent or 7 grains of hydrocyanic acid in 100 gr. of bark, or 8
drops of acid. The bark fluctuates some in strength, in the Seasons.
I think Rev. J. C. Wood, (in Insects at Home), overrates the laurel bot-
tle, in stating the largest and fiercest beetle laid, quivering in one second.
In treating of Blaps sulcata he shows the ineffectiveness of it, and advises
hot water, A beetle does not “take off” in a second, in the strongest
cyanide. A large P/erostichus of the Peryphus section requires 24%
minutes! Chaulognathus americanus % m., Pterostichus stygicus 6
minutes! Megilla maculata 1 minute; Chrysochus auratus 4 minutes;
Anomoglossus emarginatus 14 minutes; Pieris rapae } minure; House
fly 25 seconds; Svrachio histrionica } minute. ‘These are given as few
examples of comparison, Very often the bark seems to overcome to the
last quiver of trophi and tarsi as quick as cyanide; but usually it takes
double the time: thus with a larger locust Calopienus femur-rubrum,
Cyanide took 23 minutes, and bark 5 minutes. This bark may merit
trial as a practical insecticide for garden and farm. It is useless to kill flies
caught in traps. It is here presented as preferable to Cyanide, for special!
uses. Cyanide potassa, or its acid, is the swiftest of all poisons, operative
against vegetable, as well’as all animated life, except the equine quadri
peds perhaps.

The Secretary called attention to the number of ‘‘Gordius” he had
observed yesterday at the waters edge at the Falconwood Club grounds,

Prof. Forbes stated that e similar hairworm, J/ermis, had undoubt-
edly lessened the numbers of grasshoppers in I]linois.

Mr. Ph. Fischer of Buffalo, exhibited a fresh specimen of Ca/ocala
obscura he had just taken, and observed it was the first record of its cap-

ture at Buffalo.

The President called attention to the unusual number of aphides in
the State of New York, the present season, which had been more abun-
dant than ever before observed by him; he had observed them on the
Apple, black currant, tomato and potato, the latter more especially in
the Eastern States; he had not hitherto noticed them on the tomato or
potato. ‘The Hop crop was almost a complete failure in New York
State from the attacks of these peste.

Rev. C, J. S. Bethune, reported their prevalence in great numbers
on the North Shore of Lake Ontario.

Prof. Forbes stated that his section of country was rather free from
these pests.

Mr. Bethune asked if there was any affinity between the ApAzs. of
the wild cherry and that of the hop.

The President stated that the European Batomolovists had come to

oo

the conclusion of the two forms were identical.

None of the members present had observed the aphides on the
tomato or potato as reported by the president.

Mr, Ph. Fischer made some remarks on the probable identity of
Archa rubricosa Harris, with A. fudiginosa of Europe.

Mr. Reed asked for information on the best way of getting rid of
Karth worms in lawn. Salt was suggested as the only remedy.

Prof. Forbes called attention to the fact of the Earth worm being the
host of a Parasite that caused the “gapes” in chickens and_ being there-
fore injurious to fowls and poultry.

The meeting adjourned subject to the call of the President.

At 1.30 the same day the Club was driven out to Ebenezer under
the guidance of the Buffalo Entomological Society; a most enjoyable
time was spent; the locality is known as one of the best collecting
grounds in the neighborhood: the club returned through the parks and
appreciated most highly the hospitality of the Buffalo members.

Monday, August 23rd, 1886. The club met, pursuant to a call of
the President atg A. M. The President in the chair. In the absence
of the Secretary Mr. Reed, Rev, Raphael Benjamin, of Cincinnati, was
chosen Secretary pro. tem. The following paper was read.

Vernal Habit of Apatura.
By Mary E. Murtfeldt, Kirkwood, Mc

Prof. Riley’s comprehensive papers on our two most prominent rep-
resentatives of this genus of butterflies, as published in his oth report on
the Insects of Missouri, not to speak of the observations ot other Lepid-
opterologists, leave few points in their history to be eluciaated.

Almost the only blank remaining to be filled is that which exists
from the time that the leaf, bearing the clusters of hibernaung larvae, is
wafted to the ground in the autumn, to the date in the ensuing spring
when these larvae are found, generally more than half grown, feeding on
the young leaves quite high up in the tree. This obscure part of their
life history I have made several, only partially succesful, attempts to in-
vestigate.

Last autumn the larvae of A. clyfon Bois. (A. herse, Fabr.) were un-
usually numerous on a young Ceé#s on our lawn. In many cases the
entire under surfaces of certain leaves would be covered with the tiny
larvae, stretched side by side in rank after rank from tip to base exciting
astonishment and interest in all observers.

Wishing to keep track of them, and knowing that they seldom sur-
vived the winter in the rearing cage, I enclosed several of these colonies
under muslin bags to twigs, a few only being placed in a cage indoors.

—1Si—=

These immediately deserted the leaf, with the exception ofabouta dozen,
and scattered over the cage attaching themselves in threes and fours to the
wire-cloth covering and various parts of the framework,

The ensuing winter was exceptionally severe and an examination
in March revealed the fact that all the larvae under muslin covers on the
tree had perished and a large proportion of those in the cage had shared
their fate, in spite of my utmost care.

In April when the leaves began to put forth [ placed the leaf con-
taining the few survivors on the ground near the base of the tree and se-
cured it there. A few days later | was much gratified to observe that the
little caterpillars had awakened from their winter nap and were slowly
ascending the tree. Apparently they had not moulted immediately on
arousing from dormancy, as no exuviae were found on the leaf. Expect-
ing to be absent from home for a few weeks, I did not re-take any ol
these larvee and of course soon lost track of them as they made their way
up into the tree. Limited as this observation was it proved, what had
heretofore been merely inferred, that some unerring and inscrutable in-
stinct guides this small and feeble larva back to its fostering food plant
in the spring, from whatever direction the leaf on which it hibernated
had been blown. Undoubtedly many that survive the perils of the
winter, perish on the vernal journey, although it is probable that the
leaves bearing these dormant colonies being more heavily freighted than
the others, are not born to so great a distance by the wind.

On my return home, about the first of June, I immediately made
search for these Afatura larve, but was able to collect but three or four,
nearly full grown, of c/vfon and two of ce/fs. Considering the vast
numbers that were on the tree the previous autumn one is almost appalled
at the waste of life permitted by Nature. The unusual severity of the
winter may have been the cause of the remarkable scarcity of these but-
terflies in this locality the present summer, But in any case the lack of
correspondence in numbers between the production and development of
these butterflies suggests an ill adjustment to conditions of environment.

The President, remarking upon the interesting observations con-
tained in the paper. stated that the butterfly had not to his knowledge
been discovered in the State of New Yerk, although two localities for its
food plant, Celtis occidentalis were known—the on¢é upon the Hudson
river, near Hudson, and the other, a solitary tree of large size on the line
of the N. Y. Central & H. R. Rail-road, near Niles Hill in Montgomery
County, which for many years had been an object of interest to travelers
through the valley as ‘‘the unknown tree”.

Some general discussion upon insects and their habits followed,
when the club adjourned seve de.

bo
nr

Entomologica Americana. December 1886.

92

Three new varieties, and one new species of Lepidoptera.
By Gro. D. Hutsr.

Danais archippus var. fumosus var. nov.

I give this varietal name to the form of D. archippus which was in
a number of specimens taken last year. It differs from the type form in
having the whole of the surface of the wings which ordinarily is bright
fulvous, of a deep sooty brown color. “

Chrysophanus americanus var. fulliolus, var. nov.

_A variety of this common species in which the coppery red is re
placed by an equally glowing somewhat sooty yellow.

Artica phyllira var. lugubris var. nov.

Like A, phyla on fore wings, but with hind wings unbroken
black.

Platythyris floridana sp. nov.

Expands 25 mm. Head palpi and antennae brown. ‘Thorax brown in front,
reddish orange behind. Abdomen reddish orange with second segment brown.
Fore wings dark reddish brown on inner two thirds except two reddish orange patches ©
along inner margin, one basal, the other median, Outer third reddish orange, with
a flexuous line of reddish brown running from costa across to outer margin at middle.
Ilind wings reddish brown, median band reaching from costa half way across wing.
All reddish orange portions of ali wings, reticulated with reddish brown. No hyaline
spot on fore wings, but two small contiguous oval spots near middle of hind wings.
Beneath as above with the colors somewhat darker and with a violet shading.

rig’, Flas Coll, Doll:
Near P. oculatana, Clem. but differently marked on fore wings, and
sufficiently distinct in having no hyaline spots on fore wings, and two

on each of the hind wings.

i) —

NOTES AND NEWS.

_ Near the end of June 1886, when at Rockaway, L. I., I saw a fresh
specimen of Papilio ajax on the wing. Insects boxes, and a lot of bo-
tanical specimens were dropped to the great amazement of passers by, a
net whipped out from beneath my coat and thrust upon a cane, and a
bot pursuit began. But the Butterfly rose over the ‘‘big hotel’, and
was seen no more !

I spoke of this occurence afterwards to some friends. Mr, Graef
who was among them, said that some years ago he had taken a specimen
on Long Island. Mr. Bruce, who was also present, said it is compara-
tively common in some parts of Western New York, where the Pawpaw,
its food plant, is found.

The insect can as a consequence be credited to our State, as well as
local fauna, Gro, D, Hurst,

—183—

In the Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 6 ser. t. 5me, p. 61, 1885. M.
Leon Fairmaire describes the new genus Hornius for a cerambycid al-
lied to the Dorcasomides. We have now Hornia among the, Meloides,
and Hornius among the Cerambycids: will somebody describe a Hornium
among the Caradids/

Argynnis Diana, Cram.

This rare butterfly, the queen of its genus, is perhaps more common
than is supposed, if only one knew where to find it, and collectors were
willing to go after it, Mr. Evans, of Evansville, Ind, has at intervals
found it comparatively common in that vicinity. The Rev. Dr. Chas.
H. Hall of Brooklyn reports to me that he saw last year a considerable
number flying at the base of Balsam Cave, Western North Carolina. and
says that years ago he found it not uncommon at Asheville, N,C. A
friend sending me some specimens, reported that in the year 1882 it was
very common at Warren Springs along the French Broad. I found but
3 males at Waynesville, N. C. during August 1882. Mr.Aaron if I re-
member rightly, reported seeing it on the Tennessee side of the Mount-
ains, and it is taken throughout Kentucky, and must be common in places,
Those who know of local collectors, if there are any in those regions,
ought to get a rich harvest of this insect. _ Gro, D, Hutst.
EA RAT PEE ER TTS PTL EA IT A EIR ET EAT CT PE MELT RL EE TEA TTL,

Edgar, Freiherr von Harold died August rst 1886, at Possenhofen,
Bavaria. ‘This removes from the ranks of the Entomologists one ofthe
best known Coleopterists of our day. He is best known on this side of
the Atlantic as the editor of the ‘‘Coleopterologische Hefte”’, as the au-
thor of monographs of Coprophagus Scarabidz; but principally as one
of the authors of the “Catalogus Coleopterorum hujusque descriptorum. ”

EE ERA EY YT EAE OE EIA SORE ELE LT CI CES REE PEAT IN
$$$ <>
SOCIETY NEWS.

Brooklyn Entomological Society, Oct. 4, 1886. Mr. Weeks gave some of
the results of his collecting notes and hints for collecting at this time of the year.

Noy. 2, 1886. Mr. Hulst referred to a request received from Mr. Scudder
regarding the first appearance of Pieris rape. His recollection was that a Mr.
Sa-hs had allowed imagines from some imported pupz to escape from his attic
window in Hoboken. Mr. Graef recalled having seen in print a statement that
the insect was imported into Canada with a head of cabbage in 1863. Mr. Weeks
stated that he had collected in the center of Long Island from 1861 to 1863 but
never saw this insect, nor were there any in Tompkins Co. in 1869-70. In 1882,
they were very common in Suffolk Co. L. I. The discussion turned upon the
distribution of various insects through the transportation of the material upon
which the larva feed. Mr. Linell had found in a Drug factory in Brooklyn spec-
imens of a Piatydema described by Dr. Leconte from a single Californian speci-
men. On motion it was resolved that hereafter some special orders or groups

=e

be discussed at meetings, and for the next meeting members are invited to bring
Aretiide and Buprestida for determination. Other families will also be named
if presented.

Mr. Hulst stated that during the past summer he had made some observa-
tions upon the fertilization of yucca, in connection with Pronuba yuccasella,
Riley. Prof. Riley, after many and extended observations, gave the history of
tie fertilization of this plant, concluding that the moth is a necessity to the con-
tinuation of the plant, that fertilization was effected by it alone, and that every
developed seed vessel bore evidence of the work of the Moth hy the presence of
the larve within the capsule. The method of depositing the ege in the cap-
sule, and of placing the pollen in contact with the stigma by the moth was,
following Prof. Riley, given by Mr. Hulst. He stated that his observations did
not bring him to the same conclusion as that arrived at by Mr. Riley.

Ist. Honey bees were very plentiful about the flowers, very much more
than the moth, and there was no doubtin his mind, that without any other
agency than bees, there must be very extensive fertilization. There was no ev-
idetice of design on the part of the bees; simply a lighting at random upon any
part of the flower, when this was open, and then a diving into the inner
portion of the flower, to the base of the petals, passing over the anthers. Thus
pollen would easily if not neccessarily be gathered on their legs, and the next
flower visited would be fertilized. 2nd. The majority of seed capsules exam-
ined afterwards, showed no indication of larvz of any sort present. Mr. Hulst
spoke also of the fact that yucca was more or less fertile in foreign counties where
it has been introduced, and where there was no evidence whatever of the pres-
ence of the moth. :

Entomological Society of Washington. Meeting held November 12, 1886.
Mr. Dodge gaye some very interesting details regarding the life and work of the
late Mr. Townsend Glover; how he had acquired a taste for entomology; his first
attemps to picture and write about insects, his methods of work and taking notes and
his many peculiarities. It appears that Glover had collected a vast amount of orig-
inal observations on the life-histories of insects, especially in Lepidoptera and Coleop-
tera but that strangely enough he made in his publications hardly any use of his
notes but preferred, meeeres it was possible, to quote the ‘‘authorities’’. His notes
to the extent of some twenty MSS. volumes are in the possession of the Smitha
[ustitution and will probably never be published.

Mr. Mann reminded the members that after the death of Dr. F. E, Melshemer it.
1873 he had acquired the entomological manuscripts and library of Melsheimer inclu-
ding some MSS, of the elder Melsheimer, and the correspondence between Melsheimer
and other entomologists of his day such as Say, Harris and Leconte. He exhibited
a number of volumes f fr om his collection, Some of these contain original descriptions,
with colored figures, of Jarvee (Coleoptera Lepidoptera) raised by Melsheimer, with
notes on the habits of, the laryce etc. , Another quarto volume contains a faunal list
of Coleoptera (undouptedly of Pennsy lvanial with notes on food—plants, habits, time
of appearance etc. of many species., Another literary curiosity exhibited was a copy
of the rare Catalogue | of the Coleoptera of Pennsylvania by the elder Melsheimer,
published in 1806, with Manuscript corrections and additions by the author, and his
SOnn es

Mr. Lugger presented a a list of insects observed by him this year unusually late
in the season. Of special interest among these is a female of Mantis carolina found
in the Smithsonian grounds on November 11th, and a fresh specimen of Cicada pruin-
osa taken in the same locality on November 12th.

70 K
MERIGANA

VOL, II. BROOKLYN, JANUARY, 1887. ‘NO. 10.

New species of Geometridae, No. 3.
By Rev. Geo. D. Huusr.

Ephyra plantagenaria, sp. nov. Expands 21 mm. __‘Palpi very short, black
with scattered white scales becoming thus gray beneath; front black; thorax and ab-
domen light gray, the abdomen with indistinct annul tions of lighter color, often
white. Fore wings light gray, more or less overlaid with dark gray, forming indef
inite lines and bands. The basal space is often dark gray, and the lines are three,
each well determined on costa, indefinite, dissolving into the ground color as they
cross the wings; the first is finest, the outer broadest, the latter band like with heavy
cloud at middle and near inner margin, all very much angulate wavy across the
wings. An indeterminate submarginal line or shading and a marginal line of black
points; annulate spots faintly discerned on middle line. Hind wings like fore wings
but wanting the first line; annulate spot faintly evident. Beneath, light cinereous
with outer line evident, as also annulate spots.

70, 8Q, Tex. Ariz. Coll. Lintner, Neum, Hulst.

Acidalia obluridata sp. nov. Expands 19 mm., Palpi and head reddish brown;
Wings whitish washed with light ochreous, which is somewhat darkened into cross-
lines; over the wings is also a peppering of black scales, very much scattered but
more numerous on the crosslines, and forming on fore wings a cloud at middle of
outer third, and at inner margin, and on hind wings a somewhat distinct intra medi-
an line. On fore wings, the first line is basal, bent, the next extradiscal, oblique, and
on the outer third, closely together and parallel, are three others, in part coalescing ,
dentate or wavy, showing white dentate space between; apart from the basal line the
hind wings correspond; hind wings somewhat angled; discal spots small black; a
row of black points on each wing just within margin, and an alternating row on
fringe, faint; fringe light ochreous. Beneath whitish, without the ochreous tinge,
and with the black run into the cross lines, which thus become quite marked espe
cially outwardly.

1Q Rockledge, Fla.. Coll. Hill.

Acidalia volucrata, sp.nov. Expands 19 mm. Palpi, head and thorax

light ochreous, rather dull and blurred; abdomen same color, with a brownish cast

= Teo.

Fore wings, dull olive ochreous at base and for one-third the space of wings, then a
purple brown band, slightly curved outward on inner side, with two deep sinuses on
outer side; beyond rusty ochreous with a purple brown wavy dentate cross line at
middle of space; a purple brown submarginal band, and a line of almost coalescing
spots of same color, somewhat darker, rounded outwardly, just within margin. Hind
wings olive ochreous washed with purple on inner third and rusty red outwardly,
the purplish being most distinct on outer part of first and third, and forming an indis-
tinct continuation of band on fore wings. Margin narrowly purplish brown, Be-
neath purplish ochreous, fringe purple, outer lines faintly evident, as also band on
fore wings and discal spot on hind wings.

1g, Mo. Goll. Mrs. C. H, Fernald.

Acidalia dataria, sp. nov. Expands 18mm. _ Palpi and front snuff ochreous;
thorax and wings light ochreous washed with snuff color; abdomen somewhat
lighter; wings somewhat speckled with black scales, and with one broad even dark
brown line in middle. A basal line of black points and also an outer one, the basal
sometimes joined by a fine line, these lines present and continuous on the hind wings;
a line of marginal black points also present on all wings; discal spots small, light
ochreous, annulate with dark brown, Beneath light ochreous, the outer line of
points showing, and joined in a fine dentate line.

2’, 19, Cal, Coll. Neumoegen, Hulst.

Acidalia ancellata sp. nov. [xpands 24 mm. Palpi ochreous, black at tip;
front black; vertex, thorax, abdomen and wings light cinereous, abdomen somewhat
annulate with dark gray. The wings are finely speckled with black points, giving a
smoky cast to the wings; fore wings marked with three distinct lines, basal, extra
discal and outer; the basal bent, the others oblique, straight, wavy, a little nearer to—
gether at costa than at inner margin; all lines are fuscous black, inclining to an
ochreous tint sometimes; the outer one 1s very distinct and is heaviest. There are
also submarginal clouded lines, wavy, and a line of marginal black spots, generally
very sharp and distinct; discal spots black, distinct. Hind wings as fore wings ex-
cept that the basal line is wanting. Beneath white, lines distinct; the surface, espe—
cially on the basal half, washed with smoky fuscous almost or quite covering the sur-
fice on the front wings. Legs cinereous blackish in front on fore and middle, all be
coming sooty ochreous on tarsi.

29’, 3Q, Sierra Nevada Mts., Cal. Ariz.

Close to 4. guinquelineata to which in direction the lines very much
correspond, But the wings are very much more pointed at apex, much
more extended, much less rounded on outer margin.

Acidalia elimaria, sp. nov. Expands 31 mm. ‘Tongue ochreous, palpi, head,
body, and wings, pure white, wings rather silken and glistening; antennae dark fus—
cous very strongly pectinated; the fore wings are crossed by three fuscous lines, the
two inner oblique, straight, the outer parallel with outer margin, none reaching costa;
a faint submarginal line; margin narrowly fuscous. Hind wings without the basal
line, middle line straight, outer slightly rounded, submarginal line distinct, margin
fuscous. Beneath white, with lines faintly showing; margin fuscous, costa speckled
with black. Fore and middle tibiae and tarsi fuscous or fuscous cinereous, hind legs
with tibiae very long not very much swollen,

4d\, Col. Coll. Hulst. Near to A. ordinata Walk., differing in the

rr 87——

direction of the lines, and in various details of coloration and structure,
but having much the same general appearance.

Acidalia quinquelineata,var. fuscata, var. nov. Differs from the type form in
the more pointed fore wings, the more squammose vestiture, and the coloration
which is smoky fuscous gray. It stands in some respects intermediate between A.
quinquelineata and A. ancellata.

Io’, 1Q, Ariz. Col. Neumoegen, Hulst.

Eois hilliata, sp. nov. Expands 14 mm, Palpi and antennae brownish, thorax,
abdomen and wings light brownish ochreous, fore wings narrow, extended though
rounded at apex, each wing crossed by a distinct narrow unevenly scalloped plum-
beous brown line; on the fore wings this line is very oblique with two considerable
dentations inwardly. Beneath as above but with colors softened and lines indistinct.

‘tl, Fla., Coll. Hill.

Eois bonifata, sp. nov. Expands 16mm, _ Palpi and front dark brown; ver-—
tex,antennae, thorax, abdomen and wings light ochreous; abdomen becoming darker
posteriorly; fore wings narrow, extended, with two black cross lines, one basal;
rounded, somewhat angulated at middle, the other outer, pronounced at costa, roun-
ded and rather faint across wings; on middle field, below discal spot isa cloud reach—
ing to inner margin, on outer field, two faint clouded lines also a row of marginal
cloudy spots; on hind wings the three outer lines, and marginal line are continued,
rounded, parallel, wavy, with an inner shade within anal angle; discal spots distinct,
black. Beneath lighter with a plumbeous shade, lines very faint, the outer black
line most prominent on all wings.

1g), Ariz, Coll. Neumoegen.

- Eois labeculata, sp.nov. Expands 14mm. Head, thorax, body and wings
reddish purple. Discal spot on fore wings small,oval,ochreous yellow;a marginal band
of same color on all wings, narrowed, almost divided by the purple color at middle
of outer margin of fore wings, and on hind wings narrowing posteriorly, and becom-
ing obsolete near anal angle. Below as above with band less yellow; fore and mid—
dle tibiae pinkish; hind legs and abdomen ochreous.

Io, Ariz., Coll. Hulst,

« Eois ferrugata, var. russata, var. nov. Differs from the type form in being of
a rusty ochreous color; fore wings somewhat purplish at median crossline, and sub-
marginally: middle field almost ochreous; outer line distinct, purple; margin purple;
beneath, ochreous, lines faint.

1, N. Y., Coll. Hy. Edwards.

Eois eremiata, sp. nov. Expands 20 mm, Palpi and head rusty brown;
thorax, abdomen and wings rusty ochreous; lines obsolete or very faint; when evi-
dent two in number, the one basal, strongly angulated, the outer bent, but nearly
straight. Costa and margin pinkish; beneath ochreous, washed with pinkish, uni-
form in color.

2 di, Ariz., Coll. Graef, Neumoegen.

Eois subochreata, sp. nov. Expands 24mm. Palpi ochreous brown; head
ochreous; thorax and abdomen light ochreous; fore wings light ochreous, darker
along costa; hind wings very light. almost white; all wings thinly clothed; fore wings
with two lines, fine, indistinct, the basal wavy, some rounded; the outer wavy, nearly
straight,nearer the inner angle than the apex; on hind wings a single faint line, wavy ,

ao

slightly rounded, extra discal; discal spots distinct on all wings. Beneath, uniform
very light ochreous; lines and dois very faint.
1, Coll Graef.

Pigia multilineata, sp. nov. Expands 24 mm, Palpi,’ antennae and head
light fuscous; thorax, abdomen and wings, smooth glistening white; costa, tinged
with fuscous brown, fore wings with two groups of fuscous brown lines, all starting
from apex; the first group consists of three lines, of which the inner is the darker
parallel oblique, reaching inner margin at middle, the inner one extending across,
hind wings near base; the second group consis's also of three lines running slightly
out from outer margin, the inner the heaviest, and the outer shading broadly towards
margin; these continue as four across the middie »f hind wing, the inner being re-
placed by two equally distinct; on the hind wings is an outer group of three corres-
ponding lines, nearly straight, the outer shading gradually towards outer margin; on
all wings a narrow fuscous margin; fringe white, fuscous stained outwardly; discal
spots minute black; beneath as above lines more diffuse and indefinite with some
black speckles basally and along costa.

3.0.1 ¥, Ariz., Coll. Graef, Holland, Neumoegen. Hulst.

Phrygionis auriferaria, sp. nov. Expands 32 mm, Palpi, head, antennae
brownish ycliow; thorax and abdomen dull yellow; wings golden yellow; on the
fore wing on inner two thirds are five lines of small purple spots, the first close to the
base, the second and third extra basal, parallel near each other, waved, the outer
two, extra discal, near together, parallel, bent outward twice; the spots are between
the veins and each surrounds a small golden metallic spot, tumid in the larger ones,
the outer third of the wing is much striated with purple, forming on its inner edge a
purple band; hind wings with some purple striations on median space; on outer two
thirds a purple line, shaded broadly inwardly with purple; this line includes three or
four small golden dots; outer space purple yellow, with submarginal line of metallic
gold, not tumid; ocellus just anterior to middle, along margin, purple red with met-
allic gold speckles, edged anteriorly with black: marginal line purplish red; fringes
purple. Beneath uniform light ochreous; fringe purple.

1 3, Fla., Coll. Holland.
‘This is an exquisitely beautiful insect, and is one more form reveal-
ing the tropical character of the insect fauna of South Florida.

Semiothisa simulata, sp. nov. Expands 34mm. Palpi fuscous, dark brown
at tip; front ochreous brown; collar ochreous brown; front of thorax fuscous; posteri-
orly, and abdomen light ochreous fawn; wings very even light ochreous fawn, formed
by a light ochreous base heavily but finely powdered with fuscous fawn; outer third
fuscous fawn, straight margined on inner side, very even in color; discal points on
fore wings, lengthened on hind wings, small; hind wings strongly angled. Beneath
as above with the colors less even and the light ochre color less finely and completely
powdered.

2 9, Coll. Graef, Hulst.

Very near S. praeatomaéa Harv. of which it is a possible variety.

Semiothisa metanemaria, sp. nov. Expands 29 mm. Head, antennae,
thorax and abdomen light ochreous, the abdomen shaded with dark ochreous at mid-
dle of segments. All wings light ochreous, powdered with brown, the fore wings
more finely and heavily than the hind wings. On the fore wings are two brown
lines, the basal curved at costa, then straight, the outer slightly sinuate, the inner

ail S89-——

outwardly, and the outer inwardly edged with white, the outer shading with brown
gradually into subterminal space; outer edge faleate below apex, and marked there
with a lengthened marginal spot of dark brown. Hind wings with a sinuate extra
median line; all discal spots apparent, brown; hind wings strongly angulate. Be-
neath as above, with colorations generally more diffuse.

4 do, 4Q, Ariz., Coll. Graef, Holland, Hulst,

Resembles somewhat Macuria ‘ripliciaria H. Sch.

Semiothisa mendicata, sp. nov. Expands 22mm. Head ochreous; collar
the same; thorax in front narrowly reddish ochreous, otherwise thorax, abdomen and
wings soiled white; fore wings heavily powdered, outwardly some striated with dark
brown, a basal line faintly indicated, also an outer line, rounded, sinuate, generally
consisting of dark brown points on the veins; hind wings lightly powdered; the outer
line faintly suggested; a narrow brown marginal line; all discal spots evident. be—
neath as above, but with little powdering or striations; generally the base color is
stained with reddish especially along costa.

2 4. 9 Y, Ariz., Coll. Graef, Neumoegen, Hulst.

Semiothisa sublacteolata, sp. nov. Expands 24 mm. _ Palpi ochreous; head
very light ochreous; thorax, abdomen and wings dull white; wings dusted with dark
fuscous; two lines on fore wings, the basal faint, the outer bent below costa, then
straight, both consisting of black points sometimes joined, outer space on all wings
with a dark fuscous clouding; all margins with row of black points; extra discal line
of hind wings evident but faint; all discal points distinct, black. Beneath whitish,
heavily powdered and clouded with fuscous with a reddish tint; discal spots distinct,
black.

2 g', 4 Q, Ohio, Coll. Franck, Graef, Hulst.

Semiothisa tenebrosata, sp. nov. Expands 27mm. Palpi, head and collar
yellow ochreous. ‘Vhorax, abdomen and wings even close cinereous, with a dusting
of light fuscous giving a smoky shade; the fore wings have three cross lines, the hind
wings two, the outer two of the fore wings being continued on the hind wings; these
lines are fuscous, fine, equidistant from each other; the first and third being as far
distant from the base and outer margin as from each other; all fade away towards
the costa. beneath more coarsely striated, except that there are no striations on
inner part of iore wings, while the hind wings have an ochreous:tint. Discal spots
wanting above, and on fore wings below; distinct, small, black on hind’wings below;
hind wings well rounded.

5d. 5 Q. Ariz,, Coll. Holland, Graef, Neumvegen, Halst.

Semiothisa umbriferata, sp. nov. Expands 28mm. _ Palpi, head and anten-
nae fuscous ochreous; palpi dark fuscous at tip; thorax and abdomen cinereous fus-
cous, wings cinereous, more or less washed with fuscous; fore wings with four lines,
the first basal, straight; the next, the ordinary basal line, rounded; the next, more
diffuse than the rest, just within discal spot, straight; the outer sinuate, strongly
rounded outward from costa to vein 3; outer space washed and clouded with fuscous
brown; a marginal line of black spots. Hind wings with the outer line of fore
wings, an inner one faintly indicated. Margin fuscous brown with marginal, some-
what confluent, row of black spots; discal spots present on all wings, black; all lines
somewhat diffuse; inner lines hardly evident; discal spots present.

1, Soda Springs, Cal. From Mr, Behrens. Coll. Hulst.

Semiothisa inquinaria, sp. nov. Expands 30mm. _ Palpi fuscous brown;

head, thorax and fore wings bluish cinereous; abdomen fuscous cinereous, somewhat
annulated with light cinereous; fore wings with a geminate band close to base, faint;
three other bands, the middle broad black at costa, otherwise fuscous, even oblique;
just within discal spot, straight till close to inner margin, then turning at a sharp
angle outward; inner line strongly angulated from costa outwardly, till close to mid-
dle line then parallel with it, straight to inner margin; outer line geminate angulated
outwardly below costa, then sinuate to inner margin; outer space clouded with fus—
cous; a row of marginal black points; hind wings yellowish cinereous except along
inner margin where they are cinereous and powdered and striated with black; mar—
gin wavy black. Beneath fore wings cinereous, dashed with fuscous; costa and hind
wings with an ochreous tint and striated with fuscous; discal spots above prominent,
oval black, slightly pointed with cinereous within; beneath black points; fore wings
in form strongly arched on costa, somewhat falcate, hind wings rounded with waved
margin.

Ive), Cal. Col. Einlst.

Semiothisa octolineata, sp. nov. Expands 24 mm. Palpi and front dull
ochraceous cinereous; fore wings with four ochreous lines; the first extra basal some
bent; the second discal straighed; the third outer obtusely angled beyond discal, then
straight; the fourth submarginal straight; fringe dark brown below apex to mid-
dle; hind wings with three outer lines; beneath ground color more ochreous than
above and the lines much more pronounced and darker ochreous.

1 oi, Ariz., Coll. Neumoegen.

The insect has on it Mr. Grote’s label with the above name, but I
am unable to find the description. and Mr. Grote is of the opinion he
never described it. If Mr. Grote’s description turns up the name will not
have to be changed. :

Semiothisa delectata, sp. nov. Expands 26mm. Palpi, head and antennae
ochreous brown; thorax, abdomen and wings even light ochreous cinereous; a single
black lengthened spot at costa near apex; otherwise unicolorous with an ochreous
tinge at base of fore wings; hind wings slightly wavy, with tendency to angulation
at middle. Beneath as above, without the costal apical spots.

1 3’, Col. Coll. Hulst; allied to S. ocellinata, Guen.

Semiothisa graphidaria, sp. nov. Expands 22 mm. Palpi ochreous fuscous:
head fuscous in front cinereous at vertex; abdomen fuscous ochreous; wings white
with dark fuscous shadings and black lines; lines are two, fine, black, the basal bent
below costa, waved; the outer extra discal much bent from costa outward to beyond dis.
cal point then turning inward running nearly parallel with outer margin, wavy all the
distance ;the basal and middle fields are somewhat fuscous clouded and there is a fuscous
band beyond outer line; discal spot black, and line of black marginal points; hind
wings fuscous lighter basally and submarginally; lines of fore wing continued, but
faint; beneath light cinereous, basal line heavy an both wings, black; a broad black
band beyond outer line on all wings; discal points black.

2 3, 2 Q, Ariz. Tex. Probably nota Semzofhisa but placed here
provisionally,

Marmopteryx morrisata, sp. nov. Expands 30 mm. Palpi very dark
brown; head dark fuscous intermixed with black; thorax dark fuscous with collar

and patagiae edged with black; abdomen ochreous brown; wings above and below
fuscous, thinly scaled; above with color a little pronounced on sub-median vein, and

—LoI—

with two or three spots a little lightened along costa; fringes checkered with light
ochreous. Beneath, fore wings with narrow black marginal line, hind wings with
obscure black lining to anterior veins, but with a pronounced somewhat wavy black
line running from middle of inner margin towards middle of outer margin. The
appearance beneath is very like Tornos,

2 Q. Ariz. Coll. Neum, Hulst. Named in honor of Dr, John G.
Morris, one of the fathers in American Lepidopterology, who has been
my kind friend, and whom, for his personal character and many sided
erudition, I greatly venerate.

Marmopteryx annellata. sp. roy. Expands 37mm. Palpi reddish brown;
front fuscous black with some cinereous scales; antennae nearly white at base, soon
by intermingling black scales becoming black outwardly; thorax dark brown: abdo-
men ochreous brown above near base, fuscous towards tip, and annulate with ochre-
ous brown, cinereous below. Wings smooth fuscous with a chestnut violet tinge,
which becomes decided on outer subcostal space and in apical region; on costa of:
fore wings are three brown spots, with ochreous between; from the second there
goes to the center of the wing a brown rather diffuse band whith there rounds out—
wardly and returns to costa at third spot, taking thus a horse-shoe shape; fringes
cinereous, black at end of veins on fore wings, interlined on hind wings with fuscous;
beneath smoky fuscous on fore wings, along costa, and about apex, and on hind
wings overlaid with a dusting of fine black and cinereous scales; horseshoe of fore
wings evident, but faint on inner side; a rounded angulated dark extra median line
on hind wings; discal spots present on hind wings, white; fore legs cinereous, middle
and hind legs fuscous, with some light scales.

3 6, 5Q, Pacific coast. Col. Neumoegen, Graef, Hy. Edwards,
Hulst.

Thamnonoma fascioferaria, sp. nov. Expands 32 mm. Palpi, front, anten—
nae, base of wings beneath, and legs bright yellow ochreous; thorax, abdomen and
wings very light ochreous, the hind wings being almost white; fore wings slightly
sprinkled with brown to cross band, somewhat more heavily sprinkled on submar-
ginal space; on outer third is a broad dark brown band narrowest at costa, broadest
on inner margin. Beneath yellow ochreous; band shown only by a costal and medi-—
an spot; hind wings with indistinct extra median band; discal spots faint.

Bey et. ©, Cal: Coll. Lintner, Hulse

Thamnonoma coortaria, sp. nov. Expands 28 mm. _ Palpi brown; head
very light cinereous, antennae, thorax and fore wings light cinereous, the latter with
a purplish tint; abdomen fuscous cinereous; the fore wings are somewhat powdered
with black atoms; along the costa are four black spots, the second and_ third some-
what larger, and all more or less triangular; discal spots lengthened, black, just be—
low second costal spot; ontwardly on submarginal space, the wings are broadly fer—
ruginous, fading into the cinereous ground color; hind wings ochreous, except
along inner border, were they are cinereous, striated with dark brown, discal spot
black; the fore wings broad, rounded. Beneath, fore wings light fuscous ochreous;
ochreous and striated with brown along costa; spots faint; hind wings light ochre-
ous; ochreous along veins, strongly striated with ferruginous.

ae o', 2 Q, Tex. Coll. Hulst. Nearest to 7. suwbcessaria, Walk.

Lozogramma famulata, sp. nov. Expands 30 mm. Above dark fuscous;
the abdomen narrowly annulate with light fuscous; the hind wings lighter towards
base; discal spots black, diffuse, not very apparent; fore wings with a submarginal
line of small white spots most feeble at middle, confluent near inner angle; hind

—192—

wings with a corresponding line, faint or obsolete anteriorly; beneath cinereous,
heavily washed and clouded with fuscous; an extra discal sinuate darker line on
both wings, outer line as above; marginal line very dark, discal spots a little more
prominent than above.

1 oj, Hamilton, Can. (J. Alston Moffat), Coll. Hulst.

This insect seems to be nearst Z. disconventata, Walk.

Lozogramma graefiaria, sp. nov. Expands 36 mm. Antennae and head
fuscous ochreous; thorax and abdomen same color, a shade lighter; fore wings light
ochreous fawn with an olive tint; ves light ochreous; four brown marks along
costa, the first basal, the second discal, the third further out, the three dividing
costa into four nearly equal parts: the fourth is nearly apical, and is much the lar-
gest; a crossline starts from the first spot, faintly brown without, ochreous within,
runs obliquely outward towards the middle of inner margin; there it bends, the ochre-
ous portion touching margin, and returns, (as outer line), obliquely outward, reach—
ing costa just within apex; on turning the brown comes on the inner side; wings
quite faleate; hind wings lighter than fore wings, without lines; discal spots on all
wings black, those on the fore wings especially prominent; beneath light even ochre-
ous, discal points as above; the extreme apex of the fore wings black.

17, Ariz. Coll. E. L.-Graef, for whom it is named. It is a curious
insect in appearance, and I am uncertain under what genus to place it.
I put it in Lozogramma provisionally, though it probably does not be-

long there.

Tornos candidarius, sp. nov. Expands 26 mm. Head ochreous; antennae
white; body and abdomen white; wings silky white, unicolorous; beneath white, the
hind wings slightly, the fore wings considerably washed with fuscous.

Io, Ariz. Coll. Hulst.

Tornos rubiginosarius, var. cinctarius, var. nov.

Palpi and antennz black; head, thorax, body, and wings reddish brown; fore
wings with three black lines, the basal rounded, wavy, distinct; the middle intradis—
cal, faint except at costa, rounded; the outer extradiscal, distinct, sharp, rounded a-
bove the large black discal tuft, then bent to inner margin; outer space with a sub—
marginal line of small rather indefinite white spots; adark cloud at imner angle;
hind wings with oval black discal spot and rounded sinuate extradiscal black line;
beneath as above, but with color lighter, and lines much fainter,

Tornos rubiginosarius, var. abjectarius, var. nov. Thisisin colora dark
smoky brown, almost uniform on thorax fore and hind wings to the submargina]
space, and there some darker, but even; discal dots on fore wings black, a submar-
ginal row of faint light colored spots, and the marginal line black, broken; abdomen
with a dorsal row of black spots.

Tornos dissociarius. sp. nov... Expands38mm._ Palpiblack; head cinereous;
collar black; thorax smoky cinereous; abdomen light cinereous on first segment, this
followed by a jet black line, the rest fuscous; fore wings fuscous cinereous, washed
somewhat with dark fuscous and blackish; two narrow black lines start very oblique-
ly from the inner margin near the base, and run with an uneven waviness towards a
point on the outer margin just above the middle, then turn back before reaching the
margin, and forming a deep rounded sinus reach the costa not far from apex; the
lines are very near each other, and closely parallel; hind wings light cinereous ex-
cept submarginally, where it is concolorous with the fore wings;from the middle of the
inner margin, two parallel black lines run, the outer heavier, which fade away near
the middle: beneath light even cinereous; costa of fore wings darker, and lines on
hind wings faintly seen.

Synopses of Cerambycidae.
By Cuas. W. Lene, B. S.

(Continued from p, 103.)

ISCHNOCNEMIS, Thom.

Contains also one species.

I. bivittatus Dup. Mag. Zool. 1838 Cl. IX. p. 58, t. 220. f. 1.; Klug. De),
Cat. 3 ed. p. 346. Guer, Ic. t. 45. f. 9; argentatus Chev. Dej. Cat. 3. ed. p. 346:
dilineatus Gory. Guer Ic, Regn.Anim. III. p. 250, Gray. Griff.Anim. King. t. 95. f.
g; CastIn, Hist, Nat. IT. 490. t. 34, f. 9.

Length .36-.52 in.=9-13 mm, Hab. Texas to Arizona.

Resembles the preceding in coloring but the golden hair on the
thorax is arranged in a broad line on each side; the median space is
punctured and the external vitta is not abbreviated. The antennae in
both genera are as in Sphaenothecus.

STENOSPHENUS, Hald.
A very complete paper by Dr. Horn will be found in Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc, XII. p. 177--180. We give merely the Synopsis and_ Biblio-

graphy,
Thorax wider than long, not narrowed at apex;

Mhoraxsreddish witha discal black spot....:. epee oc cscs ee ee notatus-
Thorax as long or longer than wide, narrower in front.

Punctures of elytra separated by three longitudinal smooth intervals;.....lugens.

Punctures of elytra dispersed ;
Thorax red, elytra black;
Femora red;
Thorax oval, not longer than wide, punctures numerous; elytra very ob-

liquely truncate, the outer angle spiniform,.................... novatus.
Thorax oblong, longer than wide, punctures few and inconspicuous; elytra
sinuously truncate, angles not spiniform,....... .............. lepidus.

Femora black;
Thorax oval, very nearly smooth; elytra less obliquely truncate, the angles
SOME MINES SPANLOLIN, sra:2,- 6 cio sol eee IS ool oars. eters ole dolosus,
Body and legs pale brownish testaceous;
Thorax coarsely punctured, a median smooth space only; elytra obliquely
itincate; bothvaneles'subspinous. . ...:eeeeeemes ees... ve ae debilis.
S, notatus Oliv Ent. IV. 1795, 70, p. 61., t. 7. f. 89; Hald Trans. Am. Phil.
X. p. 39; Lec. J. A. P. ser 2. IT. p. 12. deflendus Newn Ent. p. 6; discicollis De}.
Cat. 3. ed. p. 355; discoideus Sturm Cat. 1826 p. 199.
Length .35--48 in. 9=12 mm. Hab, Atlantic States.
S. lugens Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1862 p. 41;
Length .48 in.=12 mm. Hab. Texas.

This species is colored like the following.
S. novatus Horn Trans. Am, Ent. Soc, XI. 1855 p. 179.
Length .38 in.=9.5 mm. Hab. Lower Cal.

Entomologica Americana. 27 January 1887.

—194—

This is the species which eccurs in our lists as cririfennis Thom,

S. lepidus Horn. L. c.

Length .38 in.=9.5 mm. Hab. Arizona.

S. dolosus Horn. L. c,

Length .27--.42 in.=7-.10.5 mm. Hab. Southwestern Texas.

S. debilis Horn. L. c.

Length .30--.36 in.=7.5-9 mm. Hab. Utah.

S. sobrius Newn (Elaph.) described erroneously from U. 5. is a Mexican spe-
C1es.

CLYTINI,

he characters separating this tribe are discussed in the ‘Classifica-
ion.” It is sufficient to say here that they are all easily recognized by
their resemblance to a few abundant species represented in every cabinet.

For the assistance of the student the various structures whose differ-
ences serve to separate the groups and genera are figured * Also the
frontal carinze of all the species of Xylofrechus. This feature is best seen
by holding the insect with the front uppermost. Then under a glass of
very moderate power it will be seen as an elevated ridge, quite smooth,
starting below the eyes and running to a little past them, and dividing
at about the middle of its length into two lines diverging towards the
sides of the head. ‘The species to which this description does not apply
are milidus, g-macu/alus, and convergens. In these there are no diverging
lines and the division is only represented by an impressed space more
or less extensive. In //ani/rons there is no carinaat alland | have there-
fore placed it in C/y/us, With this explanation I think the synopses will
be easy to follow.

Whatever completeness this paper may have is largely due to the
kindness of my friends in allowing me to use their material and I take
great pleasure in returning my thanks to Dr. Horn, the National Muse-
um at Washington, and Messrs. Smith, Julich, Roberts, Ricksecker and
Welles and to Mr. Samuel Henshaw I am again indebted for a careful
revision of the list of habitats.

The genera are divided as follows.

Kpimera of metathorax produced over the angles of the 1st ventral segment, so as to
enclose the hind coxe externally;
Front short, intercoxal process of Ist ventral segment rounded.. Group Cyllenes.

Bromt) lance; process (a CULE». tare ere tetietereittel ae) sie’) <a) tesserae t Group Clyti.
Epimera of metathorax not produced, episterna linear; front large, intercoxal pro

GESS ACUTE A ioy is, croisra-' 2 ols sic se item tava otos - SC COREE Group Anaglypti.
Cyllenes.
Mesosternum usually convex in front, prosternum perpendicular at tip.
Pronotum transversely excavated at sides near the base,................ Cyllene.
Pronotum not excavated,......... ORE be tei oie is ke a, ond i ee Eero Trichoxys.

* The plate will accompany a future number.

Mesosternum oblique or nearly flat, prosternum declivous at tip, not perpendicular.
, ; perp
pronotum not excavated, but only rounded and constricted at base.

Amtennes couipressed wSUDSENDALE, .. .... .:. «14 seeePeGIe nies v's oye 0 Be Plagionotus.
Antenne filiform,
IMESOSECHIUIUN CECIVOUSH ii woken .< iss). '+ «5 6 aeMMeninteel iele, ols o's 'e ates Calloides
Mesosternum nearly flat, Mecieria NALlO WELAatsiels se cre 2 tee Arhopalus

These genera contain but few species easily known by the markings.

Clyti.
Episterna of methathorax wider;
Head not carinated; pronotum without transverse ridges............... Clytus.
RAGAUNCAPINALCE Scrat < crys ewieisials sia, sis RRP eos sea cise se Xylotrechus.

Head not carinated; pronetum with transverse ridges;

AT MENTAG) DUjOMtE << sai, joes - 1.0s-s« +15 oS ciao ie ie aeons Neoclytus.
Matennae I2-jomted 2... tes ve vs fc 5 Rete lore on .....Huryscelis.
dpisterma, Gi metathorax Marrower, 7s... |-.0 . + -cmeeemieieaet sc <2 «oer Clytanthus.

The thighs are spinose only in Luryscefs and part of Neocly/us. The
thorax of Xy/otrechus is usually without ridges, in one species however
the ridges are indicated and sometimes quite well developed. The two
species of Cly/anthus are easily known by the markings, They have
neither the thoracic ridge nor the frontal carina.

Anaglypti.

Elytra without ivory bands;

Eyes oblique, emarginate;
2nd joint of antennae Q as long as the 4th; antennae not spinose, Microclytus,

2d joint of antennze QO ¥ short as usual.

Qa joint obantennes Spinose,........ . Sumerians ae 2: - Cyrtophorus.
AVEC eGUNC CHS EMULE, = 0. c-o/s\c/s occ +,< 0's «0:0 See ECE ool, ol suslel Tillomorpha.
Elytra with ivory bands,.............. . | ee eee oso, Ne faiere Seis Euderces.

The form of the eve is figured for each of these genera. 7Z7//omor-
pha has it smaller as ifthe upper emarginate part had been cut away,
and it is nearly round and without any break in its contour.

The discovery that Jfroclytus S$ lacked the peculiar form of an-
tenne described in the “Classification” p, 305 (the 2d joint in that sex
being as short as usual) required the slight change in the characters used
in separating the above genera,

CYLLENE, Newn

We copy the synopsis by Dr. Horn in Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. VIII.
p. 134.
Antennz with joints 3-5 spinous at tip;
Thorax and abdomen uniformly pubescent;prosternum wide between the coxae but
not prolonged; tip of elytra acutely spinous,.................. antennatus.
Antennz not spinous; thorax black with yellow bands, abdomen more densely pu-
bescent at sides, feebly at middle;

—196——

Prosternum wide between the coxe, dilated at tip and more or less emarginate,
prolonged and meeting the mesosternum and slightly overlapping it;
Elytra acutely prolonged at tip,............eeeeee- seecee eee crinicornis.
Prosternum moderate, not prolonged; elytral tip truncate;
2d joint of hind tarsus glabraus at middle, antennz of ,¥' longer than body;
prosternum between the coxae longer than wide,..... .. Blodids dc pictus.
2d joint of hind tarsus densely pubescent; antennz not longer than body;
Prosternum rather widely separating the coxze, being as broad as long and

as wide.-as:the.coxall .Gawitwepoen sac - = -hlclere iorewieraet= lots oletet robiniz.
Prosternum longer than wide, not as wide at its middle as the coxal
CAVILY So icisioisicics= + eee ie To"or oye PEEP at ate 5 a Shy tis cnc decorus.

C. antennatus White. Longic. VII, 2, 1855, p. 252; eurysiethus Lec. Proc.
Ac. Phil. 1858, p. 82; Arcan. Nat. 1859, p. 127, t. 13, f. 9.

Length 15-20 mm,=60-80 ins. Hab, Arizona, Sonora. California.

Color light reddish brown or nearly black with pubescent bands of
lighter color more or less obliterated. Lives in Mesquit wood.

C. crinicornis Chev. Mon. 1860 p. 460: sanguinipes Dup. De}. Cat. 3 ed. p.

356; similiguttatus Chev. Mon. 1861 p. 380.
Length 10-20 mm.=.40-.84 in. Hab. Cal., Mexico, Arizona, Texas and Lou-

jsiana.

‘This is the species which formerly appeared in our lists under the
name erylhropus Chevy. The species to which that name right-
fully belongs has not yet occurred north of Mexico. It resembles ereni-
cornis in the sudden constriction of the thorax but differs in the
prosternum which in ery/hropus is similar to pictus.

C. pictus Drury Ins II. 1773 Ind.; I. p. 91. t. 41 f. 2; Lec. J, A. P. sec. 2 Il,
p. 177; Harris Ins. of Mass. p. 85; Osten-Sacken Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. I. 1862 p.

P2ewtenteats ic

Length 12-20 mm.=42-89 in. Lives in Hickory wood and appears early
in Spring and is abundant wherever that tree occurs.

C. robiniz Forst. Nov. Spec. Ins. 1771 p, 43; Lec. J. A. P. sec. 2 II. p. 17;
Walsh Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 1866 p. 204; fleruosus. Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 191; Lap.
and Gory Mon. p. 13 t. 4. f. 14 t. rf. a.

Length 12-20 in.=48-80 mm, Hab. Infests Locust wood and appears in

Autumn.

The much greater Jength of the antennae and posterior thighs will
assist in separating pictus <j‘ but the characters of the table are all that
apply to the Q and I have seen a specimen taken by Mr. Welles near
Chicago in which the tarsal character appeared to be lacking. The two
species are very closely related.

C. decorus Oliv. Ent. IV, 70 p. 63, t. 8. f. g2; Lap, and Gory Mon. p. 14, t.
, f 15; Hald, Trans. Am. Phil. X, p. 39; charus Say. Bost. Journ, I, 1835, p. 193:
Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, IT, p. 17; Col. of Kans, 1859, p. 20, t. 1, f. 16. var.; infaustus

Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, II, 1850, p. 17; brevipennis Lec. S. M. C. 1873, XI, p. 1973 lu-
fosus Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1861, p. 356.
Length 12-20 mm.=48-80 ins, Hab. Southern States to Kansas and Colorado

Mont. Ill. Ind. Iowa Mo.
Dr. Horn says in reference to this *‘An extremely variable species

which, with the mass of material before me, is not capable of division.”

Of the synonyms named above érevipennis was applied to a very
fresh specimen with soft abdomen, /u/osus to one with elytra entirely yel-
low and the others to the different forms which commonly occur and we
figure the arrangement of bands in each.

The colors are yellow and black.

TRICHOXYS Chev.
T. Hartwegi White. Longic. VII, 2, p. 252, t. 6, f.8; Luc. Ann. Fr. 1857,

Bull. p. 48, Q.
Length 22 mm.=.88 ins. Hab. Arizona.

Color black, elytra with reddish gray and white bands; easily known
by the peculiar arrangement of elytral bands.
PLAGIONOTUS Muls. ;
P. speciosus Say. Am. Ent. III, 1828, t. 53; Lap and Gory Mon. p. 39, t. 8.

f. 48; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, II, p. 17; Harris. Ins. of Mass, p. 84.
Length 23 mm.=.g2 ins. Hab, Can. Vt. Mass. N. H. Pa. L. Sup. Me.

Black with yellow bands.
CALLOIDES Lec.

Contains two species very closely allied.

Elytra with a vague depressed transverse band,................... Lorquinii.

EiiyaraNWihthOUei bam. oe... cic. st... SERRE als fete a: ave.ciayy aie eis nobilis.

C. nobilis Say. Harris Hartf. Trans. 1836, p. 84, t. 1, £ 7; Lec. J. A. P. ser.
2, II. 1850 p. 18; Lacord. Gen.Col. IX. 1869, p. 64 not 3.

Length 20-23 mm.=.80-.92 ins. Hab. U.S. Brown or black, elytra gener-
ally marked yellow as in figure but sometimes immaculate.

C. Lorquinii Bug. Ann. Fr. 1859, p. 629.
Length 22 mm.=88 ins. Hab. California.
Black without markings. It scarcely differs from the preceding ex-
cept in the elytral depressed band. There is a difference in thoracic
sculpture, difficult and misleading to describe.

ARHOPALUS Sew.
A. fulminans Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 192; Lap and Gory, Mon. p. 35, t. 8, f. 44.
Length 12-18 mm.=48-72 ms. Hab. U.S.
Black with white pubescence.

CLYTUS Taich.

This genus as here restricted contains only those species without
either narrow episterna, frontal carina or thoracic rugae. I have inclu-
ded planifrons because that species presents none of the characters used

eee

in the classification to separate Xylofrechus from Clyfus. Dr, Leconte in
ascribing it tothe first was guided by the flat front which is like that genus,

SYNOPSIS OF CLYTUS.

Front more elongate flat;

Plytra black wathyvellownbands:s,.....\,.chietteneime les te cs een etree eer planifrons

Front less elongate, depressed at middle;

Elytra pale at base, otherwise black with yellow transverse bands. ...
marginicollis.
Elytra black with sutural and partial transverse bands...............-. lanifer.
C. planifrons Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. V. 1875, p. 67.
Length 73 to 13 mm.==30-52 ins. Hab, Cal., Nev.

This species shows no variation in coloring except in the enclosed
line which usually transverse is sometimes oblique and the specimen
then very closely resembles X. ¢szgmis from which it may be distinguish-
ed by the absence of the frontal carina, the greater length of the poster-
ior femora, and by the absence of yellow hair on the elytra each side the
scutellum,

C. marginicollis Lap and Gory. Mon. p. 41, t. 9. f. 50; Lec. Jf. A. P. ser. 2,

Il, p. 26; vespoides Hald. Trans. Am, Phil. X, p. 40; Dej. Cat. 3 Ed. p. 356.
Length 8 to 10 mm.=.32 to .go ins. Hab. Mass. Ga. Pa. Nev.

C: lanifer Lec: S. M. C. No. 264, 18735%p. 108.
Length 9 to 14 mm.=.36 to .56 ins. Hab. Cal. Ariz,

The abundance of yellow hair gives this species a distinctive woolly
appearance from which it derives its name. ‘The three transverse yellow
bands are variable in length being usually mere spurs from the sutural
band.

XYLOTRECHUS Chev.

By the omission of plani/rons this becomes a perfectly defined ge—
nus, including all the Clytini with the front of the head carinate. The
species may be separated as follows:

SYNOPSIS OF XYLOTRECHUS.

Frontal carina reduced to an elongate space, scarcely divided; surface shining......
nitidus.

Frontal carina a narrower elongate space, divided or impressed longitudinally;
Thorax with four pubescent spots, elytral pubescence white, inconspicuous. .....
: 4-maculatus.
Thorax marked with lines, elytral pubescence yellow ;the lines connected at suture,

convergens.
frontal carina V or Y shaped; _
Elytra at apex obliquely truncate, the outer angle spiniform;
SIdeSiol thorax mest) anhy» ar CUAtLes urate meeyeererars eulele siete iene sagittatus.
Sides of thorax suddenly obliquely narrowed at basal third........ nauticus.

Elytra at apex obliquely truncate rarely (colonus) subacute externally;

Thorax without apical and basal margin of paler pubescence;
Sidesofthoraxrecularly arcuatewaes oc clc- ste cree we caus colonus.
Sides of thorax suddenly obliquely narrowed at basal third,....annosus.

Thorax margined at base and apex with yellow or white pubescence:
Median elytral band more or less angulate or undulatory; the humeral band

When present short and tramSyeusemsia mer jis clic.) wets wa ccs undulatus.

Median band regularly arcwate;the humeral band always present and very

OWING US peretets hele cs |o, << « 5\ +, oPARPRMMEMMMenenere ts ayers 'ehsfer coi oie\a) = yah obliteratus.
ElyimaliapicesySepanately GOUNGe, . arvitetnemelaials cosh. yea 6 cia/e 01 mormornia.

Most of the species are easily recognized; the frontal carina of m/idus
is distinctive, ~ maculatus, convergens and ob/iteratus have distinctive
markings, sag//a/us is the only species with well developed spines on
elytral tips, columus alone possesses bands as broad as the intervals be-
tween them. ‘The others are described in detail below,

X. nitidus Horn Ac. Phil. 1860, p. 572, t. 8, f. 2.
Length 12 mm.==48 ins. Hab. N. J., Pennsylvania, ‘Texas.

Black, shining, with narrow yellow margins. Legs testaceous, hind
thighs darker at tip. Beneath spotted and banded with yellow. The
enclosed mark is an oblique line, directed towards suture,

X. 4-maculatus Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X 1857, p. 41; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2 IJ,
p- 29.
Length 8-12 mm.=.32-48 ins. Hab. Eastern and Middle States.

Black or light brown, elytra in black specimens mostly brownish,
Thoracic spots usually very distinct, elytra] markings white, a few scat-
tered hairs and lines, scarcely visible, Mr Wenzel tells me this species
is taken by beating the Black Alder,

X. convergens Lec. S. M..C, 1873, p. 198.
Length 8-11 mm.=,32-.44 ins. Hab, Ohio, Iowa.

Black or fuscous, thighs pale at base pubescent beneath and bands
above narrow yellowish white, The thoracic spots resemble 4-macula/us
somewhat but are nearly connected, Five specimens show no variation
except in size,

X. obliteratus Lec. S. M. C. 1873, p. 199; insignis Lec. (Q) |. c.
Length 11--20 mm.=. 44--80 ins.. Hab. Colorado; California.

Black or brown with broad yellow bands on the elytra, following
the usual pattern, and margining the thorax, In the ¢ the middle band
is usually entirely obliterated. In two specimens before me also males
the bands are partly obscured by a sprinkling of cinereous pubescence
indicating that the species may vary quite as much as undulafus. All
the females I have seen are constant in marking, For the synonomy my
above I am indebted to Messrs Ricksecker and Rivers. Mr, Ricksecker

ON

sent me Q Q originally as such and Mr. Rivers has succeeded in ob-
taining and mating freshly hatched specimens. ‘This species is rare in
collections partly from its being frequently confused with C. plantfrons
from which it may be easily known by the frontal carina and by the
pubescence at the scutellum. In f/:mifrons the scutellum only is cov-
ered with yellow pubescence, while in odd/era/us the base of the elytra also
is densely clothed for some distance on each side.

X. sagittatus Germ. Mag. Ent, IV, 1821, p. 171; Lap and Gory Mon. p. 82,
t. 15,-f. 95; Lec. J. A. P- ser. 2, Il, p. 077.5 pubescens ald- Trans.) Am Phil
D4! hecwc:ap2o7e De}. Cal. 3 ed. p. 356.

Length 15-18 mm. =.60-.72 ins. Hab, Florida, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Mich-
igan, Mass, Ariz.

Brownish. above and beneath with more or less white pubescence
and indistinct bands. The spines of elytral tip though short are dis-
tinct and more marked than in any other species.

X. mormonus Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1861, p. 357.
Length 15-17mm.==.60-.68 ins. Hab. Utah, Wis.

I have seen but one specimen in Dr, Horn’s collection correspond—

ing exactly with Dr, Leconte’s description as under.

‘‘Black, sparsely cinereo-pubescent, head rough marked with two
‘frontal carinze thorax oval, wider than long, convex, rough, elytra feebly
‘punctured and rugose, separately rounded at apex, with several small
‘‘pubescent spots in middle fascia and another at two-thirds the length
‘‘denuded, posterior femora a little shorter than the abdomen.”

X. colonus Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 91; Oliv. Ent. IV, 70, p. 31, t. 6, f. 67; Sch-
énh. Dej. Cat. 3, ed. p. a Lec. J. A. Besser. 2,) 01, sp. 23; campestris’ Oliv-s ie:
p. 65, t. 8. f. 95; Lec. 1. c. p. 27; coloreus Fabr. Syst. El. Il, p. 345,(err. typ.); sea-
bricollis Mergerle, i. litt.; terminans Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 151; Lap and Gory
Mon. p. 83, t. 15 f. 96; ee Oliv. lc p. 64, t. 8. f. 94.

Length, 8-16 mm,=.32--.64 ins. Hab. U. S. east of Rocky Mountains.

Black or brown pubescent above and beneath with lighter hair. The
markings are very variable but the yellow wavy line running from suture
and forming the included mark seems to be constant and peculiar to the
species.

X. undulatus Say. Long’s Exped. II. 1820, p. 291, Am. Ent. III. 1828, t. 53:
Lap and Gory Mon. p. 57, t. 11, f. 66; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2. II. p. 27; undatus Kirby
Fn, Bor, Am. IV. p. 175, t. 7, f. 5, integer Hald. ‘Trans. Am. Phil. X, p. 41; lwnu-
latus Kirby 1. c. p. 175, Hald. 1. c. Sayi Lap and Gory Mon. p. 55, t. 11, f. 64,
Hald. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. IV, p. 372, var. fuscus Kirby 1. c. p. 176. Lec. l. ec.
var. interruptus Lap and Gory l. c. f. 67.

Length 11--21 mm.=.44--.84 ins. Hab. U. 5S.

(‘To be Continued.

—— 2 Oe

Pleocoma Fimbriata, Lec.

That the species of Scarabaeidae are not numerous in California may
partly be due to the long continued drouths, occuring annually, from the
end of May to about the toth of October, during which time the surface
is baked into more or less hardened crust through which the larger Sca+
tabaeidae would find it very difficult to emerge. Polvphylla decemline ua
Say, frequenting the vicinity of large oak and other forest trees, and Am-
phicoma ursina Lec., breeding in the shifting sea-sands, avoid this diffi-
culty, but it is in Pleocoma that we get the happy illustration of the old
proverb, that ‘all things come to him that waits”. ‘They wait until the
first autumnal showers soak the earth to the depth of four or six inches,
when they quickly emerge. Their flight is diurnal and of very short
duration, lasting a day or at most two’ days. Probably no single -indivi-
dual remains on the surface more than a few hours and many disappear
again in the earth after a few minutes flight, In this lies their safety,
otherwise their size and awkwardness would render them an easy prey to
those omnivorous devils, the Stellars and California Jays, which are every-
where abundant and always ready to gobble up a helpless insect, rob the
nests of other birds, or depredate the vineyard or cornfield.

The locality where a brood of Pleocoma fimbriata was observed by
me in 1885, when I took three males, and again this autumn, when
about a dozen were secured, is a series of barren hills that are excessive-
ly rocky and overgrown by low, scrubby bushes; chiefamong them being
the common Manzanita, upon the roots of which I suspect the larvae
will be found to feed, The flight of the males is low and heavy, seldom
attaining a height of more than six or eight feet and their progress is
slow. Alighting clumsily on a low bush and tumbling to the ground,
they at once hunt for a soft spot, commence to burrow and quickly get
out of sight. All this applies to the males only, which are totally black
and shining. I have succeeded in capturing but one female, which js
brown and much more convex than the males and is without wings,
She was found about four inches below the surface, with three males in
the same burrow, following her and fighting each other vigorously,

The union of the sexes being, seemingly the only object of their ap-
pearance above ground, it is a question wether the apterous females ever
entirely emerge, or perhaps only approach the ‘surface, from ‘below.
where the flying males discover them by some acute sense and dig down
to find their mates. . However that may be, this much is certain that the
whole brood makes its appearance on the next day after the first soaking
showers in October. On the following day a few stragglers only will be
seen, and after that a single individual,—late and disappointed, —may
be found, once in a long while, but the probabilities are greatly agains

Entomologica Americana. 28 January 1887,

—Z02—

seeing any, whatever, after the second day of their appearance. I watched
very carefully, nearly al] of the third day, in the best locality known to
me, without seeing one, although the weather was favorable,

Some young men living near by were quite familiar with the “bugs”
and had noticed them for some years. These I hired to watch this
years’ brood for me, and on the first day after the rain of October 16th
they saw numbers of them, but being in hot pursuit of a deer and having
no convenience for ‘‘bottling bugs”, they failed to augment my collec-
tion. However their observations are good, in that they corroborate my
own about the sudden appearance and disappearance of the whole brood,
and they also informed me they had never seen a Pleocoma fly in the
open pastures or cultivated lands, contiguous to the hills where the brood
occurred,

Further observations, upon next years’ brood will, I hope, enable
me to throw more hight upon the habits of this interesting beetle,

z L. E. Ricksecker.
a ooo

Fall Collecting of Hymenoptera from Solidago sp

and its Results.

By Cc. L. Martatr, Manhattan, Kan.

The following results were obtained by sweeping the bloom of two
or three species of Solidago, notably S. rigida and S. speciosa, var. an-
gustata, one hour or so a day during the last week of September and the
first of October.

The plants in question grew along the sides ofa grassy ravine left
uncut by the hay makers, and of them, S. rigida was the most abun-
dantly represented and yielded the best returns, Solidago speciosa, vat..
bloomed somewhat later and seemed to be an especial favorite of various
species of Bombus and Apathus.

The prevailing south-west wind of this season was blowing, and, by
beating against it proved to be an efficient aid in collecting, both by
driving the insects the mure readily into the net, and also in preventing
the flight of many of the shyer forms that in a calmer season would have
been with difficulty approached.

The insects on plant after plant were driven into the net by quickly
beating the flowers; the wind and the quick movements of the net pre-
venting their escape till a sufficient quantity was secured, when a few
quick motions of the net drove them to the bottom.

Seizing the net just above the seething mass of insects and with the
aid of forceps thrusting the end of the net and its contents bodily into a
wide-mouthed collecting bottle ensured the retention of all taken. A
few seconds in the bottle stupefied the ‘‘catch”, and it could be removed

and examined at leisure, transferring what was of value to another collec-
ting bottle.

Following up this method, I was enabled to fill two large collecting
bottles in less than one hour with selected specimens.

Each examination of the net’s contents showed some rare and _fre-
quently new form of Hymenoptera or Diptera; and in place of the simi-
larity looked for, each succeeding day introduced new forms frequently in
abundance where none had been seen on the day previous. ‘The order
Hymenoptera was chiefly represented, the flowers of a single plant fre-
quently containing 5 or 8 Ammopailas 15 or 20 bees of the genus Augo-
chlora, Agapostemon and others, together with representatives of half-a-
dozen other families.

The lateness of the season, several heavy frosts occurring before and
after the period, may make a statement of the number of forms repre-
sented in the Families of aculeate Hymenoptera of interest.

The numbers do not indicate distinct species in every case, a few
will doubtless prove to be male and female of the same species on further
examination, 4

Formicidie, 3. Chrysidae, 2. Mutilidae, 2 3. Scoliadae, 2,
Pompilidie, 10. Sub. fam. Larrinae, 6, Sub. fam, Spheginae, 15,
(12 species of the genus Ammophilu). Sub, fam. Bembecinae, 2 Sub!
fam, PAilanthinae, and Crabroninae. 20. Vespidae 27. of which 23 are of
the sub. fam. Lumeninue. Apidae, 50-.60.

The smaller forms of Hymenoptera were well represented; many
large and handsome Dipters were taken; and the orders Hemiptera and
Coleuptera, yielded numerous species. In all, several thousand _speci-
mens were thus secured,

The writer has not before found a spot yielding such rich returns
at this season, doubtless accounted for in the fact that this was the only
patch of fresh blooming plants of the species given, or indeed of any
species, in this locality. ;

Collect.ng Notes: Many handsome Ichneumons and several species
of Cynipidae were secured in this and previous years by beating the after-
math in grassy ravines with a collecting net.

-

—_——_ —————a > + - =a

SOCIETY NEWS.

Entomological Society of Washington. December 2. Prof. Riley read a
paper on the luminous larvae which are now recognized as the larvae and larvi-
form females of Phengodes and Zurhipes. After reviewing the literature on the
subject he stated that he first found one of these larva in 1869 in a. cellar at St.
Louis, Mo., and the figure he made of this larvae is published in LeBarons’ 4th
Illinois Report. Subsequently he received quite a number of similar larvae

from various parts of the country, and upon examining this material he finds
that the larvae essentially agree in structure but that they are divisable into three
groups according to the different coloration of the dorsal surface. An hitherto
overlooked peculiarity of these larvae is the presence of two pairs of dorsal spir-
acular orifices situated in the sutures between the 4th and 5th, and between the
5th and 6th segments. A much smaller larva from Nevada lacks these spiracu-
lar apertures and differs moreover by having a large ocellus on each side of the
head. The only observable difference between those specimens which fron
their size were supposed to be female beetles and those which are undoubtedly
larvae is in the darker, more chitinized mouth-parts and legs of the supposed
females, but none of these showed upon dissection traces of unquestional eggs, —
A long discussion in which most of the members present participated followed
on various topics connected with this Phengodes question, Mr, Smith related
his observations on one of these larya which he had received from Connecticut:
Mr. Mann spoke on the habits of the numerous specimens he found in Massa-
chusetts and on the character of their luminosity; Mr. Schwarz related his ex-
perience in finding a number of male Phengodes in Florida in day time and gave
a review of the geographical distribution of the Phengodini of North America.

Mr, Schwarz exhibited samples of small square rods of naphtaline
which, under this form, is known in commerce as ‘“‘carbon’’ and used for inten-
sifying the light of gas flames. Itis extremely cheap and very pure. When
broken up in smaller pieces and wrapped in thin paper it can be most conyeni-
ently used in insects boxes. ‘

Dr. Marx presented a short analysis of his work on the North American Scor-
pionidal which is nearly ready for publication and which is based upon the ma-
terial belonging to the U. 8S. National Museum and that of his own collection.
He gave a review of the history of the classification of the Scorpionids dwelling
upon the more important characters upon which the various systems were foun-
dled. Of the 14 species hitherto known from North America eleven are described
by Wood but of the latter’s types four species have been lost, among them unfor-
tunately the Scorpio Allenii. Dr. Marx finds among Wood’s types from the Na-
tional Museum representatives of the genera Centrurus, Scorpiops, Hadrurus,
Ischnurus and Jurus, but not a single species can referred to Buthus and for
three the establishment of new genera was necessary.

Prof. Riley read a short note (to be published in the Can. Ent.) correcting
some statements of Mr. W. H. Edwards in his recent article on Fenesica tarquinius,
Mr. Edwards having been led into error by an incorrect report, in Entomol. Amey
of the meeting of the Ent. Soc. of Washington.

Notice to Members.

The Brooklyn Entomological Society has now secured a room in the new
Sengerbund Building, corner of Smith and Schermerhorn Streets in the City of
Brooklyn, to which the Collection and Library of the Society have been trans-
ferred. ‘The room is open to members with duplicate keys at all times, and the
Entomological periodicals and current Exchanges are always on the table. The
Librarian and Curator will make arrangements for the use of the Collection and
Library at stated times and notice of this will be posted in the room. Duplicate
keys can be oblained from Mr. G, W. J. Angell, 44 Hudson St., N. Y., or on
meeting nights at the room. It is hoped that members will make free use of the
room for informal meetings and discussions. . ae et
; The Executive Committee.

i

VOL. II. BROOKLYN, FEBRUARY, 1887, NO, 11.

Abstract of Address of Rev. Geo. D. Hulst, retiring Presi-
dent, at Annual Meeting of the Brooklyn Ento. Soc.

MemBERS OF THE BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY:

There is no need that I should, as I close my term of ser-
vice as your President, give a summary of the work that has been done
in our Science during the last year. In the Address of Prof Lintner be—
fore the Entomological Section of the A. A. A. S., and published in our
own. Journal, you have a summary of Entomological work that I could
not hope to better. f

I will leave the beaten ground therefore, and speak upon matters
which affect only our own local interests. And what I shall say shall be
in the line of congratulations and advice.

I. I give you my congratulations. st, I call your attention with
pride to our exceptional position among American Societies. Strictly
Entomological Societies are few in the United States, but among these
our Society stands second to none in the position it holds before the
World and which it holds by the best of reasons. It has, it is true no
inherited wealth, it has no mantle of past great ones; but it has an ear-
nest membership, who do conscientious collecting, and some of these
are giving faithful study to their various specialties in, the Science, and
are taking, or have already taken their place among the best for the work
they do. This work has been, in the main, in the line of solid conserv-
ative Science. Following this line we stand as we do to-day, A_ few
years ago there were a few, who, arrogating to themselves parts of our
field of Science, asked ‘‘can any good come out of Brooklyn?” Our ef-
forts, which like all beginnings, were far from perfect, were sneered at

—206—

and misrepresented, But patient work and faithful study has won the
respect of the Entomological World, and these continued will I hope
not only hold that respect, but greatly increase it.

2. I congratulate you upon the stand which our Journal “Ento-
mologica Americana”, has among the Entomological Journals of the
world. It would not be in good taste to make comparisons; this how-
ever I can say, it stands without any superior, past or present, among the
Journals of our Country. Its views, its opinions, are respected at home
and abroad, and it has assisted by its conservative tendency and substantial
work in giving the world at large the idea thatAmericans can do some-
thing besides describe species, and make Entomology an annex to Agri—
culture. In its Synoptic Tables of the Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleop-
tera and Lepidoptera more especially of the genera of the latter, it has
done work of permanent value.

3. I congratulate you upon the exceptional advantages our mem-
bers have for study in their access to large and valuable collections espec-
ially in the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. In the Lepidoptera, our local
collections are exceptionally rich, and taking my experience as an index,
their owners are very willing to have them studied. ‘Taking the collec-
uuons of Hy Edwards, Graef, Meyer, Neumoegen, Tepper, and in the
Geometride and Pyralidae my own, we have an almost complete repre-
sentation of the fauna of our Country, except in the Zorfricide and Tin-
vide, As an example, in the Geome/ridae which I am now studying, of
the first about 350 species, not more than 5 of identified species are
wanting; and of all the species, at least a third of the types are possessed
among us. In the Coleoptera we have collections of the Curaéidae held
by Messrs. Smith and Liitgens, not surpassed by any in the Country
perhaps except those of Dr. Horn and the late Dr. Leconte. We have
also rich collections in the Cerambycidae of Mr. Leng a world wide known
authority, in the Buprestidae of Mr. Roberts, in the Chrysomelidae of Mr
Angell, who are studying these families, and who will I hope, soon do
in their fields, the excellent work now being done in his by Mr, Leng.
Above all, Dr, Horn has always been ready with material, counsel, and
personal help to assist any faithful honest worker, For Dr. Horn, re-
cognised at home and abroad as the greatest Entomologist of America,
takes a great interest in our Society, its workers, and its works, especial-
lv in our Journal to whose good standing he has very largely contributed.
In having him as an Honorary Member, our Society is honored indeed!

4. While not the best, our Society has now good facilities for liter-
ature, though it is not in its own possession. ‘The Library in the Cen-
tral Park Museum of Natural History has the most of the European Sci-

—-207—

entific Journals complete. The Astor Library has many works special
and general on Entomology, and is making constant additions on the
recommendations of our Society and Members. Our own Library is not
large, but we are now receiving in exchange almostif not quite all the
Entomological Journals of the World; and thus we have all current liter-
ature at our hands,

II. I give you well intended advice; in this I will be brief, as I
have already taken enough of your time.

1, Asa necessity we must all be collectors; but while collecting, I
urge upon you all to be something more. Be s/uden/s. Seek to know
the history of what vou collect, and be not satisfied to be told an insect
is to be labelled thusandso. Find out always whyit is placed where it is.

2. Be not only collectors and students, but specialists. Have
some part of the family in which you collect, a “hobby”, Let it not cover
too much ground, but in that genus or subfamily aim to have every spe-
cie$ and variety as well as the stages of the life history. Take up new
fields not already “hobbies” among our members, and work them. A
most excellent field just now for a neat conscientious student is the Tin-
eidae in Lepidoptera.

3. Take notes as you go on with your work, and send them in to
the Journal, ‘Tell your friends in other parts to do the same. Some
may think its solid Entomology makesEnto.Am.too heavy,and too much
a Journal for specialists. Let Ento. Am, have the record of rare cap-
tures, interesting observations, and new experiences, and so assist it giv-
ing it popularity without weakness.

Finally, set yourselves out to do good work for the Society. Add
to its collection of your best. Bring in new members. Seek to increase
the interest of its meetings; and the year just begun will be the best year
of its history!

$$$ a

Some critical Notes.

By Gro. H, Horn, M. D.

In 1882 there appeared the first part of Species des Cicindelides by
W. Dokhtouroff of St. Petersburg comprising the Manticorides and Me-
gacephalides. The work has not yet been seen by me but I have recent-
ly received through the kindness of M. M. Fleutiaux a copy of his ‘‘Re-
marques et Observations” on the work of M. Dokhtouroff, published
*‘Le Naturaliste” in 1886. Assuming that M. Fleutiaux has correctly
quoted the author reviewed, the two publications require a little further
comment.

—208—

AMBLYCHILA, Say.

Dokhtouroff correctly places Prcolomini as a synonym of cylindri-
/ormis but our French confreres seem unwilling toadmit this and indulge ~
themselves in the belief that they possess the unique tvpe of a distinct
species. The type has been examined by Dr. LeConte, and on two oc-
casions at an interval of eight years I have done the same and find no
reason for changing the views already published by us. It is quite cer-
tain that Dr. LeConte and myself have seen more specimens and from
more widely separated localities than Mr. Fleutiaux will probably ever
see, so that the question being one of opinion, the entomological public
may judge which has the greater weight.

The Amblychila in question was collected by Picolomini quite fifty
vears ago with other species many of which came into possession of Du-
pont who disposed of them to friends who described them. The species
were all credited to California and for a long time gave us great trouble
in their identification. Among those who purchased from Dupont were
Chaudoir, Spincla, La Ferte and Motschulsky and the species described
have in every instance been recognized as Texan or from the adjacent
States of Mexico. In other words Picolomini was not in what is now
known as California.

As for the characters separating the Picolomini specimen very little
can be said except that it is smoother and blacker than the specimens
from Kansas. Unfortunately the French authors know specimens of
Amblychila from the two most remote regions of its habitat and_ speci-
mens from Arizona and New Mexico in the cabinets of Dr. LeConte and
Mr. Ulke are exactly intermediate.

While we can not prevent our friends in France from cataloguing
two species we can at least enter our protest against the acceptance of
their opinion by others,

Here is the proper place to call attention to the spelling of Picolo-
mini’s name by Reiche with one ‘‘c’,

DROMOCHORUS, (Guer.

This genus seems to be recognized as valid by Dokhtouroff and
Fleutiaux and is placed between Omus and Tetracha, A genus to be
valid should have characters of its own, but there is nothing that has been
seen by Dr. LeConte or myself to separate Dromochorus from Cicindela,

M. Fleutiaux makes the following remark:

‘“Cependant M, Horn dit quelque part que les differences sexuelles
ne sont pas les memes que dans le genre Cimcimde/a, en dehors des tarsus

—209—

dilates chez les males’. 1 must decline to admit the truth of the above
as a quotation of my opinion. In the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1876, p.
236, the following occurs, ‘‘In every other sexual character Dromochorus
does not differ from Crcindela.” The only point in which Dromochorus
differs from the myority of Cicinde/ is —the middle tibiz are very finely
pubescent in both sexes, the males not having the tuft of erect hairsalong
the outer edge ‘This is however, a character of no value, except specif-
ically, as several other Cicindelz (s 77ga celeripes and c.rcumfpicta) are in
various ways aberrant from the accepted typical form,

The reversal of the names adopted by Dr. LeConte by M. Salle (Ann,
Fr. Bull. 1877, p. 7), seems to require confirmation by an examination of
Guerin’s type which is now in the possession of Mr, Edw. Janson of Loudon.

No comments requiring notice have been made on Omus or TZe-
fracha and the genus Cicindela has not been reached, but it is to be
hoped that the work will get nearer its completion than did the Mon-
ozraph of Thompson so beautifully begun in 1859,

rr 0 2

Description of a new Cochliipod.
By R. F, PEARSALL.

Euclea Elliotii, n. sp.

Head and thorax dark brown, Fore winzs dark brown along the costal mar.
gin clothed with coarse appressed hairs. A large pea green patch occupies the cen-
tre beginning at a point near the base and spreading out to the subterminal portion,
forming a triangle, the lower outer corner of which is removed by a sharp rectangu—
lar notch. ‘The outer margin and notch bordered with a fine silvery white line, out-
side which the dark brown of the border becomes reddish brown for a’ short space.
A black costal spot is placed on the upper central portion of the green patch and in
one specimen has two brown hair lines running from it toward the apex, A silvery
white dot placed on the brown margin near the apex completes the markings. Hind
wings yellowish brown tipped on the inner angle with dark brown, Body yellow
brown tipped with dark brown. Antenne in males pectinate for » their length.
Type. Collection of R. F. Pearsali.

Three specimens were reared from larve taken in October 1875, on
the Sweet Bay.

Larva, (fall grown). Length .go width .30, Color a uniform pale terra-cotta
shading into pink on the points of the spinous processes. Dorsal region flat,bordered
on each side by a slight ridge on which are place 1 nine spiny processes the three at
each end being longer and stouter. Sides sloping outward and having a series of
nine rough pit like depressions in which are the spiracles, below these another row of
nine spines project laterally a little stouter than the upper row. Under parts
whitish.

I have named this species in honor of my friend S. Lowell Elliot
Esq. to whose kind instruction and advice I owe my first impulse toward
the study of lepidoptera in their larval stages,

.

4) (Ol

New Species of Geometridae No. 3.
(Continued from from p. 192.)
By Geo. D. Hust.

Tornos incopriarius, sp. nov. Expands 34mm. Palpi, head, thorax, and
abdomen fuscous; fore wings brownish cinereous, even; three small black discal}
spots in a triangle; a narrow black dash beyond on veins 5,6 and 7, the first not reach-
ing margin, the last only on margin; hind wings white with a fuscous shade; discal
spot faint; marginal line fuscous; beneath uniform white with a fuscous shade,

1 o\, Ariz, Coll, Neumoegen, I have all Grote’s types before me
and believe these to be distinct.

Aspilates opuscularia, sp. nov, Expands 30mm. Palpi and antenne fus-
cous; head and thorax ochreous; abdomen ochreous anteriorly, light ochreous pos—
teriorly; fore wings ochreous with a reddish shade, and with dark brown irrorations
especially on submarginal space; three brownish black lines rather broad, very dis-
tinct, cross the wings, the first slightly bent outwardly, the second discal straight.
the third with a slight sinus at vein 5, all as nearly parallel as possible; a line of
marginal black points; hind wings light ochreous, irrorated with brown, with two
lines starting from inner margin, one discal, the other outer, both obsolete before
reaching middle; a marginal line of nearly confluent black spots; beneath light
ochreous, except costally and apically on fore wings, where the wings are reddish
ochreous and powdered with black; lines faint towards costa, except the outer which
is quite distinct, posteriorly obsolete; marginal lines as above.

1 ogi, Cal, Coll. Holland,

Aspilates behrensaria, sp. nov. Expands 40 mm. Palpi ochreous brown;
antennze fuscous; thorax and fore wing ochreous brown, the brown caused by fine
thickly powdered brown scales; abdomen and hind wings light ochreous; the fore
wings are crossed by three lines one basal, the second including the black discal
point, both straight and parallel, the third strongly sinuate, being much bent in-
wardly near middle space, and edged outwardly with light ochreous and next toe
this a row of black dots; the edging light ochreous line often is reddish at inner part
of the sinus, and the row of spots sometimes there becomes a dark clouding; the spots
are always more distinct towards apex; the hind wings are considerably powdered
with brown outwardly, and along inner margin; beneath light ochreous, with fore
wings and costal portion of hind wings often reddish.

The © differs from the above, the form of the 3d’, in having the brown color
replaced with reddish ochreous, the color being often quite bright.

10 gi, 11 Q, Cal. Nev. Ariz. Named for Jas. Behrens, Coll.
Hulst.

Aspilates desperaria, sp. noy. Expands 34 mm. Palpi light fusceus, front
ochreous; vertex and thorax fuscous cinereous; abdomen fuscous ochreous; wings
generally fuscous cinereous with diffuse fuscous faint cross lines four in number, the
first basal, the second intradiscal, these with a dentation inwardly at middle, scallop-
ed outwardly, parallel; the third extra discal waved; the fourth quite submarginal
dentate inwardly edged outwardly with whitish which runs on veins to margin; the
second and fourth lines are the heaviest; between these two a slight ochreous tinge -
continued on hind wings; the outer line only on hind wings agreeing with same line

—21I—

on fore wings; discal spot on fore wings black, on hind wings white; beneath even
smoky cinereous, diseal points faint black.

3 d, Ariz. Coll. Neum. Hulst,

Aspilates carata, sp. nov. Expands 34mm. _ Palpi ochreous brown, black
at tip; front purple brown antennae brown; collar and thorax in front purple brown;
thorax otherwise yellow; fore wings pointed, falcate, angulaied at middle, the
basal half to middle line ochreous, beyond that bright yellow; basal half
punctate with purple points; there are three purple bands, the first rounded, broken
the second extra discal; the third on outer space, the second and third coalesce be—
hind middle; each of the lines ends at costa in a deep purple spot; there is also a
purple costal spot just within apex; a partial line of purple dots submarginally; a
purple marginal line especially heavy below apex and middle angle; fringe purple.
Hind wings rounded, somewhat wavy, ochreous with purple powdering, except at
anal angle which is bright yellow ;one purple band at middle, marginal line and fringe
purple. Beneath as above with bands more emphasized, and the yellow with an
orange tint. Legs purple ochreous.

ie, Fla “Coll. Franck; superficialiy in appearance much lke Z;
sulphuraria,

Aspilates crocearia, sp. nov. Expands 23 mm. _ Palpi, lead, antennae at
base, and collar purple ochreous; thorax and abdomen dusky yellow;, wings bright
yellow, somewhat dusky with purple fuscous washing; wings with an outer purple
or purple brown broad diffuse line, beginning just within apex on fore wings, ob-
lique, straight, continued on hind wings, where it is slightly rounded; beneath color
as above, but strongly irrorated with purple, the broad lines especially distinct and
bright; discal spots on fore wings distinct, purple, annulate.

1 Q, Tex. Coll. Meyer. Resembles in coluration some of the yel—
low forms of A. coloraria Fav.

Aspilates litaria, sp. nov. Expauds 34 mm. Pualpi, antennae, head, and fove
wings fuscous brown; hind wings fuscous; fore wings lightest on middle ficlu; a
geminate basal line, rounded, scalloped; middle line close to basal, sulbparallel;
outer line beyond discal spot, sinuate, and with a tendency to become geminate;
outer field with a submarginal row of black spots, edged outwardly with a lunule
lighter than general color of wing; hind wings wavy on outer margin; with outer
line of fore wings, geminate, sinuate; also a submarginal row of black spots; all
wings with distinct black discal spots, and black marginal line; beneath light fuscous,
strongly washed and irrorated with fuscous; outer lines very faint, inner wanting;
a marginal row of black points.

2 3, Col, Coll. Hulst.
I add to the above the following:

Tetracis pallulata, sp. nov. Expands 44mm. Palpi ochreous, dark brown
at tip; head, antennae, and thorax ochredus; abdomen light ochreous; fore wing‘
ochreous at base and on outer space, the latter strongly irrorate and striated with
purple and brown; two heavy black lines, the inner edged within, the outer without
with light ochreous, and both fading gradually into the color of the middle field,
which is dark ochreous heavily washed and irrorated with purplish black; hind wings
light ochreous, ochreous outwardly, with extra discal purple brown band, strong at
inner margin, and fading away beyond discal spots; discal spots on all wings, black;

—212—

fore wings considerably angled, the hind wings less; apex sharp, falcate; beneath
light ochreous, the lines faintly showing through.

I 6, Crater Lake, Or. From Capt. J. C. Merrill, U. S. A. Coll.
Hulst. Nearest Z: mellitularia, Hulst.

Metanema incongruaria, sp. nov. Expands37 mm. An insect much like
M. quercivoraria, and which may be a variety, but differs in the following particulars;
the wings are all much narrower. and much more produced; the angles at the mid—
dle of the wings are more prominent, the outer line in the submarginal space bends
in, and meets the median line near vein 3; the median line is very near the middle
of the wing, and is so broad that it is rather an ochreous band, and coalesces with
the basal band, which also is distinct and broad, at the inner margin; on the hind
- wings the regular band is broad, ‘basal, not extra discal; the outer angulate line is
just beyond of the middle of the wing. The wings are rather narrower than in
Tetracis, and the insect superficially has little of the appearance of Metanema.

t 9, Hamilton, Can. (Mr, J. A. Moffatt), Coll, Hulst.

Plagodis keutzingaria, Pack. var. nigrescaria, var. nov.

I give this name to the black variety of the above species. It is
spoken of by Packard Mon. Geom. p, 468, and is figured pl. 13, f. 51.
It differs from the normal form in having the outer line further inward,
and in having the outer space purplish black.

NOTES AND NEWS.

The following letter from Mr, A, G. Butler will explain itself:
DEAR Sir !

In H. B. Moeschler’s recent paper ‘‘On the American species of
Utetheisa, Huebner,” he appears to have entirely overlooked the fact
that in 1887 I described as vars, ‘hybrida’ and ‘intermedia’ certain forms
of Deiopeia (Utetheisa) tending to link the three types—JD. ornaérix,
bella, and speciosa. (See my paper in Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 361).

% *
*

Geotrupes chalybaeus Lec. 1 received this rare species from a cor-
respondent in Orange Co., Florida, who informs that it was found
December 24th, 1885, late in the afternoon about a quantity of horse
and mule manure on a sandy road running through high pine lands;
males and females were about equally distributed in the sending, The
same locality this year failed to yield a specimen.

Morilenia annulatum Say. J received this from Custer Co., Montana.
This is the most northerly locality known for morilenia and though my
friend searched diligently he found only four specimens. C.S, Leng.

FIRST SUPPLEMENT

TO THE
«LIST @ OF @ COLEOPTERA
OF

AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO.

By SAMUEL HENSHAW.

On the following pages I give such corrections and additions to the
List of Coleoptera, published by the American Entomological Society
in October 1885, as have come to my notice, So faras I know it in-
cludes all additions published up to January 1st 1887.

The authority is given for new genera, the number in brackets indi-
cating their position in the List.

The new species are numbered continuously with the List,

CARABIDAE,
Notiophilus. Dicaelus.
9239. aquaticus Linn. Flohri Bates. = 713.
Nebria. Anchonoderus.

9240. frigida Sahlb.
9241. parvula Sahlb.

Bembidium.
360. = scintillans Bates.

392. || = flavopictum Mots.

Pterostichus.

562. || = cyanicolor Chd.
9242. splendida Sahlb.
9243. epipleuralis Sahlb.
9244. plana Sahlb.

Amara.

9245. angustata || Sahlb.

$44, = myops Reiche.
Galerita.

850. = mexicana Chd.
Blechrus.

gil. =? glabratus Dufts.
Chlaenius.

1036. = caeruleicollis Chd. = *

1033. t = chrysopleuralis Chd.
Anisodactylus.

1192. = mexicanus De).
9246. brevicollis Chd.

—214—

DYTISCIDAE.

Agabus.
1432. = mutus Sharp.

GY RINIDAE.

Gyrinus.
1526.05.20.

HY DROPHILIDAE.
Hydrophilus. Limnebius.
9247. ater Fub. 9249. polita Casey.

9250. angustula Casey.
9251. alutacea Casey.
9252. congener Causey.
9348. apicipalpis Chev. 9253. coniciventris Casey.

1588 — 1595 belong to
Tropisternus Sol. (1587).

= SILPHIDAE.
Silpha.
1711. ramosa Say.
aenescens Casey.

SCYDMAENIDAE.

Scydmaenus. Cholerus.

1840. || = Lecontei Schanff. 1853 = 1854.
PSELAPHIDAE.

Batrisus. 9264. gracilicornis Casey.
9254. mendocino Casey. 9265. nevadensis Casey.
9255. zephyrinus Casey. 9266. fundata Casey.
9256. speculum Casey. 9267. franciscana Casey.

9257: monticola Casey.

1947—1948 belong t
g258. occiduus Casey. CPT sea eae en

Nisaxis Casey. (1946).
1953—1955 belong to
Sonoma Casey. (1952).

Bryaxis. Faronus { Lee.
9259. texana Cusey.
9260, infinita Casey.

1914—1916 belong to
Rybaxis Saulcy. (1913).

1956 belongs to
Oropus, Casey. (1955).

1926—1927 belong to
Nisa Casey. (1925).

Trichonyx ¢ Lee.

9268. Convexus Cusey.

Reichenbachia Leach. (1946). 9269, interruptus Cisey.
9261. tumorosa Casey. 9270. abbreviatus Casey.
9262. tumidicornis Casey. penta

9263. informis Casey. Actium Casey.

Falagria.
9271. occidua Casey.
9272. laticollis Casey.

Colusa Casey. (2004).
9273. gracilis Casey.
9274. eximia Casey.
9275. valida Casey.
9276. exilis Casey.

9277. grandicollis Casey.

2007 belongs to
Pontomalota Casey. (2006).

9278. californica Casey.

9279. nigriceps Casey.

Lomechusa.
9280. montana Casey.

Tachyusa.
9281. experta Casey.
9282. linearis Casey.
9283. laticeps Casey.
9284. faceta Casey.
9285. Harfordi Casey.

9286. crebrepunctata Casey.

Platyusa.
9287. sonomae Casey.

Calodera.
9288. attenuata Causey.

Maseochara,
9289. californica Casey.

Dasyglossa.
9290. prospera Er.

Oxypoda.
9291. insignis Casey.

Autalia.
9292. elegans Casey.

Phytosus.
9293. bicolor Casey.
9294. maritimus Casey.

Bolitochara.
9295. californica Casey.
9296. nigrina Casey.

STAPHYLINIDAF.

Heterothops.
9297. occidentis Casey.
exilis || Casey,
Staphylinus.
2141.=viridanus Horn.

Belonuchus.
9298. pallens Sharp.

Philonthus.
9299- quisquiliarius Gyjl/,

Cafius Steph.
Bryonomus Casey.

Stenus.
2342.==scabiosus Casey.
2366.=pumilio Hr.
2377.=humilis EH.
2406-—=morio Grav.
2449.=tarsalis Ljungh.
9300. jejunus Casey.
9301. sibiricus Sahlb.

Cryptobium.
Hesperobium Casey.

Ababactus.
9302. pallidiceps Casey.

2560 belongs to
Trachysectus Casey. (2543).

Caloderma Casey. (2543).
9303. rugosum Casey.
9304. continens Casey.
9305. angulatum Casey.
9306. mobile Casey.
9307. contractum Casey).
9308. luculentum Casey.
9309. reductum Casey.
9310, tantillum Casey.

Oligopterus Casey. (2543).
9311. cuneicollis Casey.

Melon Steph. (2543).
9312. sinuatocollis Casey,
9313. convergens Casey.
9314. lepida Casey,
9315. puberula Causey.

—216—
9316. malaca Casey. Habrocerus.
9317. latiuscula Casey. Eumitocerus Casey.
9318. sublesta Casey. 9339. tarsalis Casey.
9319. consanguinea Casey.
9320. contigua Casey. Platystethus.
9321. luctuosa, Casey. 9340. spiculus Hr.
9322. retrusa Casey. Apocellus.
9323. gregalis Casey. ;
9324. mimula Casey. 0341, ieee
9325. languida Casey. Phloeopterus Mots. (2802).
Lithocharis. 9342. filicornis Casey.
Metaxyodonta Casey. 9343. longipalpus Casey.
9326. alutacea Casey. Vellica Casey. (2802).
9327- quadricollis Casey. 9344. longipennis Casey.
Lena Casey. (2564)
9328. testacea Cisey. Lesteva.
2559 and 2673 belong to 9345. truncata Casey.
Aderocharis Sharp. (2566). Ainipheonrourn
Ramona Casey. 2566). ;
2 a 9346. flavicorne Casey.
9329. capitulum Casey.
Leptogenius Casey. (2583). 9347. alutaceum Casey.
9330. brevicornis Casey. 9348. pilosellum Casey.
Scopaeus. 9349. veterator Casey.
9331. rotundiceps Casey. 9350. crassicorne Casey.
9332. truncaticeps Cusey. Pelecomalium Casey. (2819).
2545 belongs to 9351. binotatum Casey.
Scopaeodera Casey. (2549). 9352. modestum Casey.
2546-47 belong to Lathrimaeum.
Leptorus Casey. (2549). 9353- humerale Casey.
9333. texanus Casey. Homalium.
9334- bicolor Casey. 9354. algarum Casey.
9335: versicolor Casey. fucicola || Casey.
9336. longiceps Casey. 9355. rugipenne Casey.
2550 belongs to Orobanus.
Orus Casey, (2549). 9356. densus Casey.
9337. parallelus Casey. 9357. rufipes Casey.
Tachinus. Protinus.
9338. arcticus Mots. 9358. salebrosus Casey.
TRICHOPTERYGIDAE,

Actidium.
9359: rotundicolle Casey.
9360. robustulum Cis’.
9361. granulosum (use.
9362. attenuatum (ese.
Ptilium.
9363. sulca'un Casey.

Trichopteryx.
9364. Crotchii Matth.

Smicrus.
9365. americanus Cause .

Ptinella.
9366. ? nigrovittis Lec.

Cartodera Thoms. (3796)
9369. intermedia Belon.

Corticaria:

3797==pubescens Taummele

Byrrhus.
9371. fasciatus Fab.

—217—

SCAPHIDIIDAE.

2979 belongs to
Baeocera.

CORYLOPHIDAE.

3023-3024 belong to
Corylophodes Matth.

COCCINELLIDAE.

Exochomus.

septentrionis Weise=3083-

CRY PTOPHAGIDAE.

Cryptophagus.

9367. beringensis Sahlb.

DERMESTIDAE.
Attagenus.

9368. varicolor Juyne.

NITIDULIDAE.
Pallodes.

3747. = pallidus Beauv.

LATRIDIIDAE.

3804. = fenestralis Linn.
3823. = distinguenda Com.
9370. fulva Com.

BY RRHIDAE.
Ditaphrus Casey. (3910).
9372. scymnoides Causey.

DASCYLLIDAE.

Euscaphurus Casey. (3987).

Melasis.
9374. rufipennis //orn.
Stethon.

9375. errans Horn.
Eucnemis Ahrens. (4029)-
9370. americanus Horn.

4046 belongs to
Deltometopus.
Dromaeolus.

9377- nitens Horn.

9378. Harringtoni Horn,

9379 pusillus Hori.
Fornax.

9380. infelix Hori.

9373. saltator Casey.
ELATERIDAE.

Microrrhagus.
9381. audax Horn.
9382. Bonvouloiri Horn.

Nematodes.

9383. pavidus Horn.

9384. teres Horn,
Phlegon.

9385. Ulkei Horn,
Cryptohypnus.

9386. barbatus Suhib.

Elater.

? fuscatus Melsh.—=4235.
——— ? semivittatus Say.=4483

BUPRESTIDAE.
Buprestis. 9395-
4610. = aurulenta Linn. 9396.
9387 villosa Lec.
F 9397-
Chrysobothris. 9308-
4639 f. = 4642. 9399.
4649 = 4648. eee
4653 a = 4653. o40r.
4655 = 9405.

; Z 9402.
cribraria Mann.=4639- ee
dissimilis Gory=4639. a

—— posticalis L. & G.=4647. 2 p :
— subcylindrica Mots.=4654- ao
~—— errans Gory.=S. Amer. a ;
—— frontalis Oliv.—S. Amer- gtk

9408.

thoracica Fab.=W. I.

——218—

caurina Horn.
Blanchardi Horn.

mali Horn.

nixa Horn.
deserta Horn.
lixa Horn.
cyanella Horn.
humilis Horn.
aerea Chev.
Merkelii Horn.
acutipennis Chev.
libonoti Horn.
impressa Fub.
chalcophoroides Lorn.

Edwardsii Horn.
axillaris Horn.

9388.
9389.
9399.
9391-
9392-
9393-
9394:

speculifer Horn.

dolata Horn.
ludificata Horn

Caenocara.
9412. occidens Casey.

Bradycirietus.
9415. Hornii Rivers-

Malacopterus.

6016 = lineatus Guer.
Toxotus,

9417. nubifer Lec.
Leptura.

6319. =nitens Forst.

6325. = var. of 6323.

purpureovittata Horn.

viridicyanea Hori.

scitula Gory.
prasina Horn.

- 9409-
9410.
Belionota.

californica Mots. —=4666-.

Polycesta.
9411. angulosa Duval-

MALACHIDAE.

5091 belongs to
Listrus.

PTINIDAE.

Dinapate Horn. (5353)-
9413- Wrightii Horn.

LUCANIDAE.

Platycerus, —
9414. californicus Casey.

SCARABAEIDAE.

Thyce.
9416. marginata Casey.

CERAMBYCIDAE.
6365. = 6265.
9418. vexatrix Mann.
6432 belongs to
Nossodrys Bater. (6448).
contempta Bates=6432.

Tetraopes.
6509. = rubrocinereus Thoms.

CHRYSOMELIDAE.

Saxinis.

941g. propinqua Jac.
Fidia.

9420. lurida Lefr.
Adoxus.

6726 = obscurus Linn.

Myochrous.

—— ? plagiata Melsh.=6721.

Tymunes.
picipes Oliv.=9427.
9421. chrysis Oliv.

Paria.
6747. = canella Hub.

__— thoracica Melsh.=6748.
—_— melanura Melsh.=6748.

Metachroma.
6757. interrupta Say.
? histrio Lefr.
6760. = lurida Oliv.
cuprea Prov.=6771.

Graphops.
9422. beryllinus Lec.
9423. obscurus Lec.
9424. varians Lec.
9425. bicolor Lefr.

Colaspis.
6774. = suilla Fab.
6774b. = Crotchii Lefr.
6775- = 943°.

chrysis Oliv.=9424.

9426. flavicans Lefr.

6778 belongs to
Nodonota Lefr. (6777).

Rhabdopterus Lefr. (6778),

9427, picipes Oliv.
Prasocuris.

6783. = vittata Oliv.
Doryphora,

6786. = 6783.

9428. Behrensi Har.
Phyllodecta.

9429. scutellaris Sahib.

Phyllobrotica.

6851. = livida Lec.
Luperus.

9430. maculicollis Lec.

9431. torquatus Lee.
Adimonia.

6902. ==femoralis Melsh.
Hypolampsis.

rugosa Oliv.=6020.
Oedionychis.

9432. Horni Har.
Disonycha.

6949. = careliniana ub.
Haltica.

6964. = var. of 6963-
kalmiae Melsh.=06963.
9433. polita Oliv.

9434. janthina Lee.

Lactica.
6975. = tibialis Oliv.
6976. = iris Oliv.
Crepidodera.
iris Oliv.=6976.

Chaetocnema.

strigicollis Lefr.=6778b. Lecontei Duv.=7039-

BRUCHIDAE.
Bruchus. Zabrotes.

longiventris Sharp.=7139. 9435. subnitens Horn.

TENEBRiONIDAE.

Eleates Casey. (7542).

9436. occidentalis Casey.
CISTELIDAE.

Cistela.
—— pulla Melsh.=7607.

—220—

OTHNIIDAE.
Othnius.
9437- guttulatus Lec.

MELANDRYIDAE.
Dircaea,=
Phloeotrya Steph.
7671.=Vaudoueri Muls.

PYTHIDAE.
Pytho.
7740. = planus Oliv.
MORDELLIDAE.
Mordella. 9443- carinata Smith.
—— atrata Melsh.=7780. Mordellistena.
—— dimidiata Melsh.=European. 9441. erratica Smith.
—— modesta Melsh.=7851. 9442. tarsalis Smith.
pubescens Fub.=7851. 9443. pratensis Smith-
9438. immaculata Smith. 9444. conformis Smith.
9439. flaviventris Smith. 9445. hirticula Smith-
MELOIDAE.
Macrobasis.
8060. = torsa Lec-
OTIORHYNCHIDAE
Otiorhynchus.
944¢. picipes Fab.
CURCULIONDAE.
Barinus Casey. (8949).
9447. squamolineatus Casey.
CALANDRIDAE.
Sphenophorus. 9047. belongs to
— fasciatus Fub. Not N. Amer, Allomimus.
SCOLYTIDAE.
9059—9o61 belong to Hylesinus.
Gnathotrichus. 9449. trifolii Muell.
Pityophthorus. Bothrosternus.

9448. querciperda Sz.

9102 belongs to
Cryphalus.
Dryocoetes.

9116. = autographus Ratz.
Tomicus.

9131 — 9LOL-

9450. Hubbardi Sz.
Renocis Casey. (9175).

9451. heterodoxus Casey.
Crypturgus.

9186. = pusillus Gy/il.
Hylurgops.

9199, = glabratus Zett.

——22(—

Notes on some Species of Geometridae, No, 3.
% By Rev. Gro, D, Hutst.
In following our Geome/ridae through the Acrdalinae and Caberinae,
I have found not a few problems which it has been impossible for me to
solve satisfactorily to myself. Among these has been the determination
of the reach of species variation. In the genera Acrdalia, Semiothisa.
and Phastane more particularly, species seem to have no limitations.
There is great variability, and so called species seem in many cases to
overlap each other, so that widely diverse forms, apparently subgeneric
in difference, exist with an almost if not quite unbroken intergradation.

But while this is true, and determination is involved in difficulty,
and becomes largely a matter of individual opinion, some determinations
and conclusions have been reached from a study of the literature, and a
comparison of large numbers’ of specimens which can it seems to me be
relied upon. Some of these I give in the following notes.

Euphanessa mendicta, Walk. ( udarta mendica, C, B. M. Bombyc.
p. 576, 1854.) My reasons for believing this to be a Geometer are
given Ento. Am. Vol. I, p. 167. I would give ita place in the list next
te Ephyra, on account of shape of pupa, and the habit common to both
of suspending the pupa by the tail, and with a girth of silk about the
thorax, after the fashion of the Pafpzliones.

Ephyra culicaria, Guen. (Guen, Phal. 1, 407, 1857.) Mr. Hy.
Edwards has a specimen from Ga. which exactly meets the description
of Guenee. But it is without doubt the same, with variety difference on-
ly, as what is known as £. myrfaria, &. cudicaria was described Phal. I,
407, while £. myrtarta was described Phal. I. 408. The name will
therefore be Z. cudicarza with myrdaria as the name of a variety.

Acidaha ossularta, (Hikbn. Geyer, Zutr. f. gog, gto, 1837.) This
is a small, very widely spread, and quite variable species. It is found
all over the country, and seems to be very common in Texas and Arizo-
na. It varies much in the width and distinctness of the cross ‘lines.
While unable to satisfy myself by the descriptions alone, I would not be
surprised if A. magniferaria, Walk. A. refractaria, Walk., as well as
some others of his unidentified species, might be synonyms of this one,

Acidalia longipennata,, Pack. (5th Rept. Peab. Acad. Sci. p. 71.
1873.) Iam unable to separate this species, and A. peralbata, Pack. |
do not think they can be separated, even. as varietal forms of
the same species. Certainly the very frail distinctions upon which by
comparison Dr. Packard endeavors to show their difference are variable,
and are not shown in his figures‘Mon. Geom. pl. 10, f. 47, 48.

n

\
Entomologica Americana. 31 February 1887.
hk

v Se a0)

Actdalia hepaticaria, Guen.(Phal. I, 471, 1857.) Guenee’s descrip-
\ion easily reveals that this is the insect afterwards described and now
eenerally known as A. rubromarginata, Pack.

Acidalia luteolata. Hulst. This insect described Brook. Bull. III,
4°, 1880, as Cidaria luteolata, is an Acidaha and is intermediate between
A. inductuta, Guen, and A. sideraria, Guen..

Acidalia sideraria, Guen. (Phal. I, 450, 1857). This insect was al!-
terwards describea as A. ca/iforniata, and A. pacifi-aria, by Dr. Packard,

Acidalia frigidaria, Moeschler, (Wiener Ento. Monats, p. 44, 1860).
Dr. Packard puts this as a varietal form of A. tmductata, Guen., which
indeed it may be. But if we thus place it, and are consistent, there will
have to be considerable ‘‘lumping” of other species. A. /rigidaria,
bears no closer relation to A. ¢mductafa, than do A. sideraria, and A. sen-
fnaria, In my judgement it is nearer A. svderaria, than any other form.
As species are now determined in this genus it seems to me to have ex-
cellent right to specific distinction.

Acidalia magnetaria, Guen. (Phal. 1, 450, 1857). This is the in—
sect afterwards described as A, rubrolineata, by Dr. Packard.

Actdalia purata, Guen. (Phal. I, 488, pl. 7, f.6, 1857). Of this
species we have not only a description, but a figure given us by Guenee,
I can not see how any one can doubt its identity with 4. caeuminaza,
Morrison, Zeller gives a more detailed description of the insect than
does Guenee, but Guenee’s figure is all sufficient for determination,

Phrygionts argentistriata, Streck. This was afterwards described as
Byssodes obrussata, by Mr. Grote. Mr. Grote makes use of the generic
name of Guenee, Mr. Strecker of the Verzeichniss name of Hiibner. It
is pleasant to see, as the smoke of the Hiibnerian conflict in passing
away, how Entomologists have come almost to a unanimity concerning
the value of the Hiibnerian names. Almost no one allows the possibil—
ity of the use of the ‘“lentamen” names. But the names of the Verzeich-
inss and Zutraege have come into very general recognition, for what-
ever can be alleged as a valid reason for discarding them, would throw
out the most of all generic names prior to Hiibner’s time, and a very
large number of all that have since obtained currency. It is true the
determination of the reach of Hiibner’s genera is involved in difficulty,
but in the Geomeiridae that difficulty would hardly be lessened by ignor-
ing them, On the contrary, in the Geome/ridae the adoption of the Ver-
zeichniss and Zutraege names, with the genus based on what is of gen-
eric importance in the type specics, would be wonderfully helpful. — I
confess myself to be one of the converted ones in regard to the Hibner-
ian genera, and since] have looked into the maze of the genera of the
Geometi idue, 1 am glad I am converted.

—223—

Deilinia quadrinotataria, VA. Sch, (Aus. Schm. f. 347, 1855). This
was afterwards described by Mr. Grote as D. sepiemfluaria. In his ‘‘New
Check List”, Mr. Grote has the name D. septemlinearta, ‘There is a va-
rietal form, quite different in appearance, but Mr. Grote’s description
and type are exactly the form pictured by Herrich Schaeffer under the
name 7rigrammaria quadrinolataria.

Semiothisa grassata, Hulst, (Brook. Bull. 1V, 33, 1881). This is
a synonym of S praea/omata. Haw. Lep, Brit. 645, 1810. ‘The differ-
ence between the two is hardly worthy a varietal name.

Semiothisa patriiata, Grote, (Can. Ent. XV, 129, 1883), is a syno-
nym of S. mudiiineata, Pack., as | learn from an examination of Mr.
Grote’s type.

Semiothisa vellvolata, Hulst, (Brook. Bull. IV, 34, 1880). This
species belongs to Paraphia.

Semiothisa sexpunctata, Bates, (Can. Ent, XVIII, 75, 1886). Mr.
Bates has very kindly loaned me the types of the three species of Geome-
tridae described by him in Vol. XVIII, of the Can. Ent., and my deter-
minations are based upon a study of these types. ‘The above species is
a synonym of S, denticalatu, Grt- (Can. Ent XV, 133, 1883.) It dif
fers only in being a very little more clouded cinereous, S. denticulata,
is in my opinion a variety of S. grandafa, Guen, and was probably one
of Mr. Walker's many descriptions.

Phasiane aberrata, Hy. Edw, (Pap. IV. 48, 1884). This is a syn-
onym of Napuca orcifirata, Walk. (C. B. M. Geom. p. 1693, © 1862),
which is at best a variety only of Aspilates gilvaria, Linn, I have the
type of Mr, Edwards species, a colored drawing of Mr. Walker’s type,
as well as specimens of A. gz/varia from Europe. The American insect
is generally considerably darker than the European, but many ‘of the
specimens exactly correspond. I have no doubt the reception of speci-
mens from Labrador was what led Mr. Moeschler to state, (Wiener Ento.
Monats, VIII, 1866), that he had received A. gifvarea, from that country.
The species seems Arctic and widely spread. Walker reports it from
Arctic America; Moeschler from Labrador; Mr. Edwards’ type came
from the catch of Capt, Geddes in N. W. Brit. Columbia. Staudinger
in his Catalogue states it is found generally through Central Europe, es-
pecially in the mountainous districts, as well as far eastin Amur. So
while in Europe a Northern Temperate species, it does not seem to be
Arctic. Mr, Walker's name can stand for a good variety.

Phastane cinerea/a, Bates, (Can. Ent. XVIII, 75, 1886), isa syno-
nym of P. zepta/fa, Guen. ‘The type is in poor condition, being much
denuded, so that the lines are nearly obsolete.

Phastane mellistrigata G. and R. (Buff. Bull. I, 12, pl. 1, ff 41,
1873) Iam unable save as a varietal form to separate from this species
P. trifasciata, Pack. (6th Rept. Peab. Acad. Sci. p. 46, 1874.) The
presence of three dusky lines on hind wings in the latter is a very varia-
ble quantity as is also the slight obliquity and sinuousness of the outer
line of the fore wings

Phasiane colata, Grt. (Pap. II; 167, 1881 .). This is a redescription
of P. nubeculata, Pack. (Mon, Geom. p. 267, pl..23, 45, 518769), 6 in
some specimens the outer lines are sinuous but, the form described by
Mr. Grote seems, to be the same as that which Dr. Packard named.

\

Pe
SOCIETY NEWS.

Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Dec. 7th, 1886. Nine members ‘present. Discus—
sion was had in reference to a vhange of locality for meeting, which resulted in
the appointment of a committee to lease a room in the Ssaengerbund Building
for one year. Mr. Weeks read a short.note on the habit of X yloryctes satyrus.
He noticed one evening early in July a lond humming or whirring sound ina
small thicket,and sueceeded in taking a specimen of X satyrus. After vain endeavors
to catch them in flight, his attention was drawn to a young ash, and there he
found 14 specimens all marching for the roots and one more than half burried
in the ground; the sexes being about equally divided. Buprestidae and Aretiidae
were compared and named by the members present.

January 4th, 1887. Nineteen persons present. The reports of officers were
read and accepted and that of the president was ordered printed. The following
officers were elected: Prest. G. W. J. Angell; Vice Pres., Dr. S. W. Williston;
Treasurer, Chris. H. Roberts; Rec. Sec’y, A. C. Weeks; Corr. Sec’y, Wm. Beut-
tenmueller; Librarian, R. F. Pearsall; Curators, M. L. Linell and Wm. Beutten-
mueller; Pub. Com., the Editors and Messrs Hy. Edwards, B. Neumoegen, E.
L. Graef, O. Dietz. Exec, Comm., E. L. Graef, A. W. P. Cramer, Chas. Palm,
Géo. D. Hulst. ‘Vhe evening was taken up in routine business and no papers
were read. ct, i }

Entomological Society of Washington. 3rd Annual Meeting January 6,
1887. The Treasurer and Recording Secretary presented their reports for the
. past year'and the Society proceeded then to the election of officers for the year
1887 which resulted as follows: President, Mr. L. O. Howard; First Vice-presi-
dent, Dr. J. G. Morris; Second Vice-president, Dr. Geo. Marx; Corresponding
Secretary, Mr. J. B. Smith; Recording Seeratary, Mr. E. A. Schwarz; Tréasurer
‘Mr. B. P. Mann; Members of the Executive Committee: Dr. C. V. Riley, Mr.
Theo, Pergande, Mr. O. Lugger. The annual address of the. president, Mr.
Howard was then read. After a review of the progress of the Society and cer-
tain recommendations as to future policy, he announced as his subject—‘‘A con-
sideration of so much of the morphology of the Sommer as is necessary to the
comparative description of genera and species.’’ The address consisted of
a brief historical review of the study of this group, dwelling mainly on the char-
acters used by different authors, followed by a somewhat extended discussion of
external anatomy of the family as awhole. Each portion of the body was
taken up in turn and described, its variations mentioned, and its possibilities in
descriptive work discussed.

VOL. II. BROOKLYN, MARCH, 1887. NO, 12.

Description of new genera and species of North

American Myriopoda (/uiiae)
By C. H. BoLLMan.

In examining the material of this family in the Museum of the In-
diana University and my own collection, I have found that the following
species do not appear to be described.

Fam. A. JULIDAE. Leach.
Genus I. NANNOLENE, gen. nov.

Antennae short, subclavate, joints longer than wide, second and sixth subequal,
the laiter enlarged as in Cambala. Mandibulary combs 6 (5), Guathochilarium
somewhat spatulate, stipes separated attenuated at the base,mentum entire,exposed,
promentum divided almost as in Cambala or Iulomorpha; lingual lobes denticulated.
Segments constricted in the middle, the anterior ten segments striate from the feet to
the pore, striae diminishing on the others: at the junction of the anterior and poste.
rior parts of almost every segment are round impressions, larger than the repugna-
torial pore, which extend around all the segments except the anterior 6-8. Repu
gnatorial pore commencing on the sixth segment, placed in the posterior part.
Fourth segment footless. Feet long and slender. Male: First pair of legs short.
usual number of joints, somewhat thickened, unarmed; penultimate joint of the sixth
and seventh pairs of legs produced on the inner side.

This genus is related more to Caméa/a, than any other. although it
approaches Zu/omorpha in the form of the promentum, The following
species is the type.

Nanolene burkei, sp. nov. Light brown, a lateral row of large brown spots,
a brown band between eyes. Slender, not smooth or pilose. Vertex smooth, a faint
median sulcus, setigerous foveolae absent. Antennae equalling the width of body.
pilose. Eyes distinct, triangular; ocelli 2 to 5. Segments 50 or 51. Sides of first
segment striate, others moderately striate beneath, posterior margin of each segment
with fine parallel striae. Last segment rounded; anal valves not marginate, pilose:

==230——

anal scale obtusely rounded, pilose. Kepugnatorial pore small, not touching the

transverse suture. Pairs of feet about 87, extending beyond the sides of body.

Male: Mandibulary stipes a little produced in the middle; genitalia concealed.
Length of body 18 mm., width — mm.

Habitat. Utah, California.

I have examined two adults and two young of this species collected
by Mr. James K,. Burke after whom the species is named.

Genus II, PARAJULUS, Humbt. & Sauss.

‘To this genus belong our larger species of so-called ulus, From
the latter genus it is easily seperated by the number of mandibulary
combs (10), the dwarfed second pair of feet and the form of the first seg-
ment of the male with its appendages.

Under the genus ¥u/us. Wood says ‘‘In all species in which I have
had the opportunity of examining sexes, the form of the first scutum
distinguishes them with certainty. In the male its antero-posterior dia-
meter is large, and there are well marked Jateral margins running nearly
at right angles to the others. In the female the anterior posterior dia-
meter is much less, but laterally the scutum is so produced that the an-
terior and posterior margins may in most cases be said to meet one an-
other atan angle. ‘lhe males are further distinguished by a peculiar
alter ition of the first pair of leet, which are transformed into a pair of
very large, thick organs.”

By applying this remark to those species of which he had both sexes,
we have most ol the species known to be in this genus at present, The

following is a kev to the subgenera,
a. First sexment enlarged in the male. First pair of feet of male large, cras-
sate, 1 umerou: short tuberci les on the inner side. Paraju:us,
aa First segment alike in both sexes. First pair of feet of male short thick,
tuberc e; absent. Pseudojulus,

Sub-genus Parajulus.

2. Parajulus castaneus, sp. noy. Color nearly the same as in P. impressus,
(Say.) Moderately slender, rough, not pilose. Vertex finely wrinkled, a faint me-
dian sulcus, setigerous foveole present. Antennz equalling the width of body.
Kyes distinct, triangular, ocelli 54—8. Segments 42—51. Sides of first segment
striated, others deeply striate beneath, above with numerous short lines, which are
branched. JL.ast segment produced into a moderate spine, projecting beyond the
anal valves, not pilose; anal valves not marginate, pilose; anal scale obtusely round-
ed, small. Repugnatorial pore moderate, touching the transverse suture, which is
sharply sinuate. Pairs of feet 66, equalling the width of body. Male. Mandibu—
lary stipes strongly produced; coxae of the second pair of feet as in impressus;
genitalia about half concealed, composed of three plates; anterior plate round, clavate,
p lose; midd!e plate curving up in front of anterior, and expanding between them
into an elongate plate, which has three lobes or spines on the inner side, the first large,
the second small and right behind it, the last small, placed near the end; posterior

plate curving upwards and inward till they meet and then outwards, end not bifid.
Flagellum not detected. Length of body 23 mm.; width 2 mm. ‘

Habitat. Ft, Snelling, Minnesoia,

I have a male and female collected by Mr. George Howe, On ac-
count of the bad condition of the female, the ocelli and pairs of feet
could not be counted.

Sub-genus Pse tdoj lis, sub. gen. nov.

3. Parjulus obtectus, sp. nov. Color as in impressus, but more bright.
Robust, attenuated anteriorly, not smooth or pilose. Vertex with a median sulcus,
setigerous foveolae present. Antenne exceeding the width of body. Eyes distinct,
triangular; ocelli 40-55, arranged in 7-9 series. Segments 50-55. Sides of first
segment striate; other segments deeply stria'e, unper surface almost as in impressus.
Last segment produced into a rather large and robust spine, projecting beyond the
anal valves; anal valves smooth, barely ma*ginate; anal scale moderate, obtusely
triangular. Repugnatorial pore large, not toiching the transverse suture, which is
deeply marginate. Pairs of feet 80-95, e .tendirg beyond the sides of body.

Male: Mundibulary stipes not p-oduced much beneath; coxz of the second
pair not drawn out; genitalia concealed.

Length of body 18-30 mm; width 1.8-2.2 mm;

Hatitat. B'oomington, Indiana and Florida.

I have examined a large number of females, but only a few males,
and | have not attempted to give a description of the genitalia,

4. Parajulus varius, sp. nov. Color as in impressus, but of a different shade.
Slender, not smooth or pilose. Vertex finely wrinkled, a median sulcus, setigerous
foveolz absent. Antenn exceeding tie width of body. Eyes distinct, triangular;
ocelli 40-75, arranged in 7-9 series. Segments 50-55. Sidesof first striate; otheis
not deeply striate beneath, finely wrinkled and striate above. [ast segment produc—
ed into a moderate spine, barely passing the anal valves, anal valves not marginate;
anal scale large, triangular, sparsely pilose. Repugnational pore moderate, not
touching the transverse suture, which is nearly straight. Pairs of feet 75-90, scarce-
ly extending beyond the sides of body.

Male: Mandibulary stipes not much produced beneath; venitalia concealed,

Length of body 18-24 mm; width 1.5-1.8 mm.

Habitat, San Diego, California, (Miss Rosa Smith); Ukiah, Cal.,
(Mr. James K. Burke); Rossario Mission, Lower California, (Mr.
Charles Arcutt. )

I have examined two specimens from San Diego, three from Ukiah,
and numerous specimens mostly broken from the la:ter locality. Those
from the last place are very dark in color, but otherwise they do not differ,

Genus SPIROBOLUS, Brandt.
Sub-genus Rhinonerinus, Karsch.

5. Spirobolus pensacole, sp. nov. Above dark green, segments margined
with reddish brown, face, anterior and posterior segments bright green, feet lighter

—— 224

than in merginalus. Moderately robust, attenuated before, about twelve anterior
scyments crassate beneath, not smooth, Vertex smooth, sparsely punctate, median
sulcus interrupted; elytral foveole 8, Antennz short. Eyes trapezoidal; ocelli 45 7
Segments 49. First segment sulcate, anterior border sinuate; second segment with
the lobe not so broad and more nearly triangular, than in maryinatus. Other sey-
ments rough, punctation mosi numerous on the posterior half; striae decurved; strony
on the posterior half. Last segment pointed, densely punctate; anal valves margin-
ate; anal scale rounded, Repuynatorial pore large. Pairs of feet 92, extending be-
yond sides of body.
Length of body 86 mm; width 9 mm.

Habitat. Pensacola, Florida.

This species is described from one female, collected by the author
in the spring of 1886. It is in all related to murgimatus rather than any
other of our species.

Spirobolus hebes, sp. nov. Ochraceous brown, a lateral row of spots, feet
light. Rebust, not attenuate, somewhat crassaie, not smooth. Vertex smooth,
sparsely punctate, median sulcus interrupted; clypeal foveolae 8. | Antennae short.
yes subtriangular; ocelli 29-38, arranged in 6 series. Segments 39-41. First seg-
ment acute, more so in the male than in the female; second sesment strongly pro
duced beneath; almost subquadrate, rounded. Other segments sparsely punctate,
numerous short lines above, striae decurved. Repugnatorial pore small.

Pairs of feet 76-79, short. Male: Coxae of the 3-6 pairs of feet most produced:
ventral plate smooth, triangular. Genitalia inner part of anterior plate rough,
twice as high as ventral] plate, external part with the end rounded and not pro-
duced; posterior plate thick, a little bent, the end small and rounded, beneath are
two serrated lobes and below these a hard and a blunt lobe.

Length of body 45.48 mm, width 7-8 mm.

Habitat, San Diego, California.

1 have examined a male and female of this species collected by, Miss

Rosa Smith,

JULUS Linnaeus.

Julus owenii sp. nov. Pale brown, a lateral row of spots, a pale oyal spot ai
the base of antennae. Slender, not smooth, not pilose. Vertex rough, a famt
median sulcus; setigerous foveolae absent. Antenne subclavate, equalling the width
of body. Eyes indistinct, subrotund; ocelli not all filled out, about 28-6 or 7.

Segments 38-40. First segment thin, striate. Other segments striate above and
beneath. Last segment rounded; anal valves not marginate; anal scale triangular.
Repugnatorial pore large, touching transverse suture, which is excised. Pairs of
feet §4-66, equal to the width of body. Male: Mandibulary stipes not much pro-
duced; first pair of legs small, uncmate; genitalia concealed,

Length of body 9,2-16.6 mm.; width .6-.7 mm.

Habitat. New Harmony, Indiana.
This species is described from two males collected by Dr. Richard
Owen. It is related to Fules hortensis Wooa.

Family POLYDESMIDAE, Leaci:.
Genus PARADESMUS Saussure.

Paradesmus evides sp. noy. Coloration as in P. erythropygus. Form more
slender, Vertex smooth, median sulcus continuous, not much excavated between the
antennae. First segment more rounded, Inner angle of the lateral carinae not
serrated. Genitalia entirely different, short, robust, pilose, scarcely bent, grooved
ibove at the end, and divided into two blunt lobes.

Length of body 26 mm.; width 4 mm.

Habitat. Winona, Minnesota,

[ have examined one whole specimen and a number of broken
ones, collected by Prof. J. M. Holzinger. ‘Vhis species can be eusily
seperated from erythropygus by the markings of the vertex, the smoot
lateral carinae and especially by the male genitalia.

Family GEOPHILIDAE, Leach.
Genus GEOPHILUS Leach.

Geophilus glaber sp. nov. Olivaceous, head, antennae and mouth parts
brown, an indistinct black, median dorsal line. Robust aticuuated posteriorly, not
pilose, punctate; sternum wider than long; coxae longer than wide (7:5), armed:
claw moderately curved, teeth weak.

Cephalic plate large, narrowed behind, longer than wide (10: 8); frontal plate
present; basal plate more than twice as wide as long (10: 4°, partly covered by the
cephalic plate. First joints of antennae long. Anterior spiracle very large, oval;
posterior smal, nearly circular. Dorsal plates bisulcate; anterior predorsal plate
small, posterior large; ventral plates with a median sulcus. Posterior coxae not
much swollen, pores above and below, large and small. Last veural plate large,
sides rounded, not converging much. Anal pore large. Last pair of feet of female
slender, Pairs of feet of the female 53-55.

Length of body 50-53 mm., width 2.5 mm.

Habitat. Heh, California. Ukiah
I have examined three females collected by Mr. James K. Burke.
a+ +
Observations on some North American Capsidae.
By P. R. Uu er.

Through the kindness of Mr. Andrew Bolter, [ have recently re-
ceived many important forms of this interesting group, some of wiichi
were the results of his careful collecting in distant parts of the United
States, including localities as widely separated as Fiorida and California.
Dr. Hagen has also sent me for study the extensive collections of these
insects belonging tu the Agassiz Museum at Cambridge, Mass. Also,
other friends too numerous to mention, have placed their speciicus a
my disposal, so that | have at length been able to: study long sei so
nearly all the described Ca/st@ze of Nor ty America.

While studying the material alluded to, I have met with ccr.ain
synonyms; and some new species, which | desire to record at this time.

Nabidea, Uhler, Proceedings. Boston Soc. N.H. 1878, proves to be
the same as Collaria Provancher: and the species coracima Uhler, is his
C. Meilleurit, It is a form closely allied toGlodiceps of which one species
inhabits Canada and the more Northern States; a second, C. im/fuscata
Uhl., is common throughout the Middle and Southern States; and a
third inhabits Cuba and San Domingo.

COLLARIA, Prov

C. explicata, new sp. Form nearly of @. infuscata, but rather more slender.
Color fulvo-testaceous deeper anteriorly and on the basal joint of antennz and tips
of femora. Head smooth before the eyes, the base transversely wrinkled; front
prominent, rufous; the superior lobe of cheeks, tip of rostrum, and eyes blackish-
piceus. Underside of head prosternum, vertex, and base of all the legs pale yei ow.
Rostrum reaching the posterior coxz. Antenne about one and a half times the
length of the body, slender, fuscous beyond the basal joint. Pronotum coarsely,
unevenly punctate, the central raised line, and the collar pale, the callosities distinct
and more or less rufous; each side of base is a round velvety black spot. Scutellum
slightly duskey, the middle ridge and base paler. Legs long, delicately hirsute, the
femora distinctly dotted with black near the base, the nails, tips of femora, and
apical portion of tarsi piceous. Wing covers pale testaceous, the clavus, except at
base, and the inner half, or more, of the corium dark fuscous; the cuneus and outer
margin of the membrane very pale testaceous, remainder of the membrane fuligi-
nous, with the nervures dark fuscous; wings very faintly tinged with fuliginous, iri-
descent, the veins pale piceous.

Specimens were kindly sent to me from Cuba by Dr. Gundlach,

and others were collected by myself in San Domingo,
CAMPTOBROCHIS, Fieb.

C. grandis, new sp. Pale fuscous, or dull chestnut brown, polished. — Ellipti-
cal, rather more acute at both ends than C. punctulatus Illiger. Head generally
ivory white at base, dull testaceous on the vertex, with a curved band of black dots
between the base of the eyes, sometimes with a central oval pale spot bounded be—
neath by black dots, and with a black stripe each side of tylus, the tylus, labrum
and basal joint of rostrum more or less piceous. Antenne slender, testaceous, in-
fuscated at base and tip, the second joint feebly thickened at tip, and with a_ black
band at each end. Underside of head piceo-flavous, or testaceous. Rostrum slen-
der, testaceous, piceous at tip, reaching behind the posterior cox. Pronotum
short, but rapidly narrowing towards the head, polished, convex, very coarsely, un-
evenly, remotely punctate, callosities black, polished, very distinct, separated by a
pale spot; and behind this is sometimes a larger testaceous spot; lateral mar-
gin sinuated, the immediate edge ivory white, or pale; humeral angles a little con—
vexly elevated. Scutellum feebly punctate, with the margin, a spot each side at
base, and a line at tip pale testaceous, the disk more or less piceous. Pectus and
abdomen dark piceous. Coxze and legs testaceous, with two piceous bands at tip
of posterior femora; intermediate and posterior tibize generally with two, less dis—
tinct, brown bands, and the tips of all the tibiz and tarsi piceous. Hemelytra pale
testaceous, clouded with brown, or nearly uniform brown, polished, punctate. In

—23I1—

pale specimens the corium has a piceous spot near the base, a zigzag band across the
middle, and a distinct spot on the outer angle and hind margin, while the pale cun-
eus has a picous base and tip, The membrane is clouded with fuscous, and has the

veins of a darker hue.
Length to tip of hemelytra Q’ 6, Q 7} millims, width of base of prothorax 23

millims.
The measurements given are taken from the largest specimens,

Smaller ones are a full millimetre shorter than the length given above.
Specimens of the smaller size have been taken by myself from
Grape-vines during July, in Maryland. Others have been sent to me
from Ontario, Canada, by Mr. Petit; from Missouri, by Prof. Riley;
from Ohio, by Mr. Wm. Holden; from the northern part of British
America, by Robert Kennicott, and from. Vancouver’s Island, by Jame
Behrens.
This is an unusually large species in the genus to which it belongs,
and adds another to the useful forms which roam about over vegetatién
to destroy the caterpillars of some kinds of small Phalaenidae.
In Canada it reaches its largest size, and in Maryland and Virginia
it appears to be generally of smaller proportions. j
It hibernates, like its congener, C. mebulosus, in hollow or decaying
twigs, or beneath loose bark of various trees and vines. In such situa-
tions it may sometimes be taken in winter; several specimens being
crowded together in the same cavity.

Di sch rius filiformis Lec. I found in July at Coney Island. They
were under bits of shingle and paper lying close to the muddy sand a
little back from the shore which is only washed by the sea at unusually
high tides. They were not buried in the sand, but had made slender
tracks as they travelled about and sought shelter by burying themselves
when their covering was removed.,

Cicindela marginata was at the same place abundant.
C. W. Leng.

& a. *

Chrysobothris azurea Lec. was found by Mr. Beutenmiiller and my-
self on Staten Island early in June, and the season ended by July 4th.
About 30 specimens were taken by beating a species of Dogwood. The
brightly colored insect looked very tempting clinging to the branches in
the sunlight. They always rested with the tip of the abdomen depressed
and the anterior legs extended. C. W. Leng.

The larva of Ptinus Latro /ux/.
By Dr. H. A. Hace.

Rev, J. E. Werren, of Abington, Mass., brought home last year
among other plants the “Edelweiss” Gnaphalium (Leontopodium) alpi-
num Cass. from Switzerland. The Edelweiss was collected about July
on the Seeberg Alps near Greisimmen about 26 miles from Thun. “On
account of travelling the plants received very poor attention, butas they
were perfect, when putting thém in the press, it seems to be not probable
that the larva were developed then. The plants were not touched since
early in August.

The work of the larva was discovered in December, but the beetles
were not found until the first week of January, The larvae have apparent
lv not touched the leaves df the Edelweiss, but had been very voracious
on the thick blotting paper; nevertheless (as stated in a former letter)
several specimens were eaten through and spoiled by the insects. All
other plants were unhurt, though some thicknesses of the blotting paper
were also eaten through.

I received one imago and one full grown larva: both had been alive
when sent, but during the short trip the imago was killed and all legs
to near the base of the femur and the antennz were eaten, apparently by
the still living larva. Ina second pair sent to me the imago was alive,
but two legs and one antenna eaten by the larva.

The larva is 4 mm. long, corncolored yellow, the head of a pale
brownish hue; the whole body thinly covered with pale short villosity;
the extreme part of the mouth and the mouth-parts are blackish.

The larva is similar to those of Péimus dudbius described by Perris,
Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1862, p. 204. The 2 imagos are females of Primus
latro Fab.

As this species is not yet known in N. America, I may draw atten-
tion to this fact, as the bettle is not rare everywhere in Germany, and can
be, as shown, imported into the U.S. with botanical specimens,

Very few, (only six,) of the larvae of Ptinus are known. The biologi-
cal collection has one of them, Ps fur and besides the earlier stages of
Pt. rufipes and Pt. la/ro both of them not yet described.

——_____— > +>

Dianous caerulescens Gyll. 1 found in great numbers from April to
November at a little waterfall on Staten Island. They cling to boards
and stones directly under the falls where the force of the water is con
siderable. C. WoLeng:

* *K

' Mr. HULST’S OBSERVATIONS ON PRONUBA

YUCCASELLA.
By Pror. C. V. RILEY.

Gnip page ae current volume of “EnToMOLoGIca Ascecines, Mr.

Geo. D. Hulst is reported as making the following statements in refer-

ence to Pronuba yuccasella, and 1 assume correctly since, being one of

_the editors, he has SUR oR aniy to read and probably write his own state-
ments:

‘Prof, Riley, after many and extended observations, gave the-his—
tory of the fertilization of this plant, concluding that the moth is a neces-
sity to the continuation of the plant, that fertilization was effected by it
alone and that every developed seed vessel bore evidence of the work of
the Moth by the presence of the larvae within the capsule.”

He then refers to the method of oviposition and pollination by this
moth as described by me, and states that his observations have not
brought him to the same conclusion arrived at by me. He further states
his belief that there must be very extensive fertilization of this plant by
honey bees. because he found these ‘‘plentiful about the flowers”; that
the majority of the seed capsules examined by him showed no indication
of larvae of any sort; and finally refers to the faet that Yucca is sometimes
fertile in foreign countries.

There ~ much error and unwarranted conclusion in the two short
paragraphs in which the above information is vouchsafed.

For over 16 years now I have very carefully studied the habits of
Pronuba in connection with Yucca, not in one locality alone but in
nearly every State east of the Rocky Mountains where that genus occurs
either indigenously or by introduction. ‘I have also had occasion to
“study itin many places in Europe in which it is cultivated, and the. re-
‘sults, have been published in several papers, '

In reference to honey bees frequenting Yuccas it is rather strange
that Mr. Hulst’s experience differs so from mine: for, so far .as my ex-
perience goes, neither honey bee nor any other honey-loving Hymenop-
tera frequent the Yucca flowers and this is what we should expect. from
the very nature of these flowers. They dre half closed during ,the day
and do not open until toward evening whet bees are hiveward bound:
the anthers, do not open till then and the pollen is glutinous,adhering in
lumps, either on the curled anthers or to the inside of the perianth. It
would not adhere to hirsute Hymenoptera, and in point of fact these are
not found in the flowers. I have given a list of the insects most frequvent-

—234—

lv found in Yucca flowers ' and this list is the result of my own exami-
nations nightly and daily for many years as well as the result of the ob-
servations of others. It includes nor Honey-bee nor other Hymenop-
tera. Neither Mr. T. Pergande nor Mr, E. A. Schwarz, who have often
assisted me in my observations (which cannot well be made alone), have
seen the honey-bee in these flowers. I would call upon Mr, Hulst to
state positively and plainly whether he has ever seen the honey bee within
the flowers of Yucca, or in any way carrying pollen which he recognized
to be that of Yucca.

Against his statement I will place my own that honey—bees are very
rarely seen even about the flowers, and this is in accord with the ob-
servations of Herman Mueller,and others, that it is not attracted to white
flowers. It might be ever so abundantly flying adout the flowers with-
out having any possible connection with their pollination unless it gets
with.n. -

Instead of stating that fertilization was effected by Pronuba alone
and ‘‘that every developed seed vessel bcre evidence of the Moth by the
presence of the larvae within the capsule” [ took particular pains to show,
in my very first article on the subject in 187z *, that the fleshy-fruited
Yuccas exceptionally fructify without Pronuéa, Subsequently, in 1880 |
explained how this might exceptionally occur, In proof I quote;

‘It is so very plain from the above quotations that, while I have
held and still maintain that it is the rule for our Yuccas to be pollinized
by Pronuéa, I have nevertheless admitted that the rule is not without
exceptions. The rarity of Yucca-fructification in those parts of America
or in other countries where the plants are not indigenous and Pronud
may be presumed not to occur; the uniform failure to fructify whenever
the moth has been excluded from the flowers both in my own experi-
ments and those of Mr. J. M. Milligan and of Mr. Meehan; and the
non-fructification, even where the moth exists, of those species which
bloom either before or after she appears all serve to emphasize the rule. *

I have also drawn attention to the occurrence of capsules non-in-
fested with the Pronuéa larvae and explained why such are found.‘

My statements in reference to the methods of oviposition and polli-
nation and their consequences, resulted from the most careful study,

1° Proc. Am, Ass. Adv. Sci,, Vol. XXIX., p. 626.
2 Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Wol. III.

3 Proc, Am. Ass Adv. Sci., Vol. XXIX., p. 627.
4 Ibid, p. 623.

—235—

which can only be made satisfactorily at night with the assistance of a
confederate. If Mr. Hulst has any valid reasuns for not coming to the
same conclusions, he will better advance our knowledge by giving his
reasons than by the mere expression of an opinion without evidence that
he is in any way justified in it. Until he does the presumption is that
he has carelessly observed or has even confounded Pronudba and Prodoxus
as others have done before him,

Finally, I commend to Mr, Hulst a more careful study of my writ-
ings upon this subject and especially those in the Proceedings of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science for r880and 1882,
and when he has more critically observed the insect in the plant he will cor-
roborate all that I have written in the way of facts and observations and
agree with me that they jully justify the opinions expressed, which may
be summed up thus:

I, Yucca by the very nature of its flowers is normally incapable of
self-fructification. This is essentially true of the dehiscent species which
occur in the Northern States.

Il. Pronuba yuccasella is modified in the female so as to enable her
to gather the pollen and to fructify the fruit. Careful observation of the
insect itself proves that function is here, as elsewhere, rightly correlated
with structure and that not a solitary case of Yucca fructification by an-
other insect has ever vet been witnessed by any one.

III. The only exception to the fruiting of Yucca without the help
of Pronuéa is in A. alotfolia, and while I have admitted the possibility of
exceptional pollination by other insects. the fact remains that none have
been observed to have the power. I have shown that. self-fertilization
may take place with this species and that its exceptional fruiting where
Pronuta is out of the question is more likely due to such fertilization
than to the agency of other insects; because, from personal observations,
both published and partly unpublished, over the whole region in which
the plant indigenously grows, I know the fruit to be abundant where
Pronuba occurs and that it then always bears evidence of her presence;
whereas where she does not occur the fruit is scant and very excep-
tional.

IV, That a certain variable proportion of Yucca capsules develop
without trace of the Pronuda larvae is explained by the fact that pollina-
tion, as | have shown, often takes place without successful oviposition:
or that successful hatching of the eggs or development of the larvae may
be prevented from various causes. ‘That pollination is rare without
oviposition is proved by my direct observations of the acts and by the
fact that comparatively few perfect capsules (or those which do not shea
the evidence of oviposition) are to be found even where no larve have

—236—

resulted. The fruit without larvae, bears, with scarcely any exception to
those familiar with such tokens, the traces of the ovipositor, or of the par-
tial feeding of a perished larva.

Until the fruit is full grown it is very difficult to detect the larva;
and its presence in the softer, partially developed pods is easily over-
looked, in ordinary dissection. Such I know to be the fact from exten-
ded work in my studies of the hatching and development of the larva.
The proportion of infected capsules is best seen in the season when the
fruit is matured and the larvae have left it through their characteristic
perforations, In short, my experience, corroborated by that of others,
is, that the proportion is very small indeed in which the larva does not
occur, and that such almost always bear evidence of oviposition having
taking place.

Washington, D. C., January 18th., 1887.

— > oe or

Remarks upon Prof. Riley’s Strictures.
By Geo. D. HULST.

Prof. Riley is right. when he says the Society report referred to by
him, misrepresents him. Had he called my attention to it, I should
gladly have inserted a correction. So far as it touches Prof. Riley, I
amend the report, and state as follows: Prof. Riley, after many observa-
tions, concludes that the dehiscent species of Yucca are fertilized only by
the agency of Pronuba yuccasella, A very large majority of the seed cap-
sules of these species shows this by the presence of the Jarva within; and
where the larva is not present, Prof. Riley believes the fertilization has
been effected by the moth.

As, at the Society meeting I was speaking of observations upon the
dehiscent species only, it it quite likely that the report misrepresents me: _
as well as Prof, Riley.

Putting in this amended statement, the accuracy of which is wit-
nessed by what Prof. Riley says above, I repeat the substance of the re-
port, following after; my observations have not brought me to the same
conclusion arrived at by Prof. Riley. There is no doubt in my mind
that there must be very extensive fertilization of the dehiscent species of
Yucca by the agency of bees and other insects,

The report gives my reasons. I will here repeat them more in
detail.

ist. Dr. Engelmann, to whom we are indebted for the discovery of
the fact that Pronuéa is an agent in the fertilization of Yucca (though be
did not work out the history which Prof. Riley has done so well) says
in his Monograph of Yucca, (Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci, Vol. III,) “the

"Be

—237—

anthers were observed to open a little before the flowers did, and to expel
a large grained glutinous pollen.” In another place in the same Volume,
perhaps in the same connection, (I have mislaid the reference), he says
the pollen is expelled with such force that it often falls on the petals, re-
maining upon them when the flower opens. He thought that the tube
and not the summit of the pistil was the stigma thus having the idea
that the pollen must be introduced into the tube, that the seeds might

be fertilized. But Dr. Thos. Meehan, State Botanist of Penn., than |
whom there is no more reliable or accurate Botanist, says, (Proc. Am.
Ass'n Vol. XXX, p. 205, 1881), that he has in many experiments, made
for the purpose during a number of years, easily, and fully fertilized one
of the dehiscent species of Yucca ‘‘by lightly touching a polleniferous
anther to the exposed papillose apex of the stigma.” He concludes; ‘the
fact is established beyond dispute through these varied observations, ex-
tending now over many years that the mere application of pollen to the
papillose apex is sufficient for fertilization”. Dr. Meehan has since re-
peated his observations with the same results and the same conclusion,

Dr. Engelmann shows that the pollen is glutinous and lies exposed
upon the anther and petals after expulsion. It is certainly more than
probable that the glutinous pollen which will adhere to the petal, will
adhere to the claws and legs of insects, and if these be found to any
extent in the flowers, extensive accidental fertilization must take place.

znd. While it is true, as Prof. Riley says, the flowers of Yucca do
not open till towards evening, I can say positively from personal ob-
servation that they very generally remain open till 10 A. M. when not ex-
posed to the direct rays of the sun,

3rd. I can say positively from personal observation, that business
hours for honey bees begin long before that time.

4th, I am thankful that I am able to say I have good eyesight, and
that I have never yet felt the need of glasses of any sort. Also I am cer-
tain I know a honey bee when I see it.

5th. I positively did see honey bees wrfhin the open as well the
partly open flowers, though quite rarely in the latter, One morning.
certainly from five tou ten honey bees could be seen at any one time,
upon and within the flowers of each cluster of three or more panicles.
The bees were of both the Native and Italian races.

6th. Other insects were plentiful. Aphides were very numerous
on some of the stems, and many could be seen on the flowers. Cocci-
nelidae, certainly from three to twenty, could be seen upon each cluster
of panicles.

—238—

7th. The capsules examined afterwards, were all of the dehiscent
species and were full grown. Some in being examined were thinly sliced
horizontally, others were broken open and the seeds examined singly.
Not one in ten showed the larva,

8th. Notwithstanding the appeal te the observations of Herman
Mueller, (correctly, I presume), and nothwithstanding the endorsement
by Prof. Riley of the conclusion ‘‘that it, (the honey bee), is not attrac-
ted to white flowers’, some of us will continue to believe that honey
bees are sometimes attracted to the flowers of Oxydendrum, White Me-
lilot, White Clover, and Buckwheat. I would suppose the Professor
meant his statement with a modification, were he not engaged in_ scold-
ing me because of the loose staements I was reported to have made;
There surely can not be a “beam” in his eye, while he is seeking to cast
out what is reported to be a-“‘mote” in mine !

gth. The dehiscent species of Yucca do ripen seeds in Europe, so I
‘am informed. No Pronudba has ever, to my knowledge, been taken
there. The seeds were not artificially fertilized. According to Prof.
Riley the flowers are incapable of self fertilization. We are driven then
to the conclusion, it must have been done accidentally by other insects
and if bees visited the flowers, as likely by them as by any other insects.
What has happened in Europe, may and does happen here, though an-
other and perhaps more fruitful agency is at work.

1oth. Whether the insects I took were or were not Pronuba has
nothing to do with my reasons for doubting Prof. Riley’s conclusion. I
question not his observations or statements, but his conclusion, Very
much he has written above is irrelevant to my reported statement as
well as personal beliefs.

In view of the above I still believe as the report says, I take no ex-
ceptions to Prof, Riley’s observations upon Pronuba; 1 lay no claim to
his ability or experience; I compare myself with him in no way. But,
with beconiing humility, I do claim that my observations when positive
have some right to stand against his, when only negative.

SOCIETY NEWS.

Brooklyn Entomological Society. February Ist, 1887. — 14 persons
present. Mr. G. Beyer was elected a member of the society. The regular meet-
ing was taken up entirely with the consideration of recommendations of the
various committees and officers in regard to the furnishing of the new rooms
and the use of the Library and collections. After adjournment specimens were
exhibited and exchanged.

«

Entomological Society of Washington. Meeting held February 10th,
1887.—Mr. Mann gave a review of his work on the Bibliography of Economic En-
tomology partly done by him privately in former years and partly Curing his
connection with the U. S. Entomological Commission and the U. 8S. Department
of Agriculture. After several interruptions and changes ip the plan the work is
now partly completed and ready for publication.

Mr. Schwarz exhibited an undescribed species of Phytobius from Michigan.
and described the peculiar characters of this genus which are indicative of an
aquatic mode of life. He read in translation Perris’s account of the life history
of Phytobius velatus which lives in all stages under water on the leaves of Myri-
ophyllum spicatum.

Mr. Schwarz read a paper on the sexual characters in the N. A. species of
Anaspis. There is great discrepancy in the descriptions of these characters
given by Dr. LeConte and Mr. J. B. Smith, while his own observations led him
to disagree with both authors. He had examined males of 4 species and finds
that the abdomen is never excavated but provided with two long filiform appen-
dages arising from the apex of the 4th ventral segment. In most specimens,

however, the appendages are closely applied to the ventral surface so that their

real nature is readily overlooked, and the abdomen presents then in a most de-
ciptive manner the appearance of being excavated. The appendages appear to
be movable in an up and downward direction but are not capable of lateral
movement. This structure is modified in the different species and affords a
much better criterion for the distinction of the species than those now used in
the tables.

Mr. Schwarz related a conversation he recently had with Dr. Horn regarding
the stridulation of Harpalus caliginosus. It appears that Dr. Horn distinctly
heard the sound in a specimen when this was at liberty and undisturbed, and
this fact explains the failure of other observers who always tried to make the
Harpalus stridulate when the specimens were handled. In all other stridulating
Coleoptera the sound is more frequently heard when the specimens are fright-
ened or handled or otherwise in a state of excitement.

~~

ERRATA.

Page 55, line 4, from bottom, for horbaccous, read herbaceous.
« 70, ‘* 12 of first column, for Saerda read Saperda.
~ ‘* 79, for Pyrrhaitia in explan. of figure, read Pyrrharctia
‘* 106, line 21, for Agnotemyia, read Agnotomyia.
“© 179, ‘* 17, for useless, read useful.
sc «35, for peste, read pests.
‘* 190, ‘ 18, for straighed, read straight.
“199, ‘* 9, for mormornia, read mormonus.
** 204, ‘* 25, for Scorpionidal, read Scorpionidae.
«© 209, “ 5, for mjority of Cicindel, read majority of Cicindela.
-* 921, <‘* 16, for mendicta, read mendicata.
s* 293, ** 19, for denticwlatu, read denticulata.
For notes as to errata see pages 137 & 164 a.

Index to Authors and Subjects.

A. A. A. S. Notice of meeting of
Tes Proceedings of Ent. Club of 143,
172: .

Atkinson, Geo. T.

A family of young trap door spiders
(Pachylomerus carolinensis, Hentz)
Descriptions of some new Trap-
door spiders, their nests and food
habits 109, 128,

: ‘ roan |
Beutenmueller, Wm.

Food plants of Lepidoptera No. 3,

(Eacles imperialis) 53.

Food plants of ‘Lepidoptera No. 4,
., (Datana ministra) 78.

' Bollman, C. H.
Description of new genera and _spe-
cies of North American My-+iopoda
(Julidae) 225.
- Book Notices 17, 19, 43, 64, 72, 117,
» | 127:
Butler, A. G.
Note on Utetheisa Hitibn. 212.
Collection Notes 46, 63, 71, 80, 177,
202.

Cramer, A. W. P.
Two new varieties of Noctuids 142.

Devereaux, W. S.
A dangerless vegetable Insecticide
for collecting bottles 177.

Edwards, Henry.
Notes on North American Zygaeni-
dae and Bombycidae with descrip-
tion of new forms.
Apparently new forms of N. Ameri-
can Heterocera 165.

Fernald, C. H.
On some of the genera of our Sphin-
gidae 2.

Forbes. S. A.
Notes on the Life History of several
species 173.

Garman, H.
A contribution to the Life History of
Aphis maidis, Fitch 175.

Hagen, Dr. H. A.
On Hemerobius (Pseétra) dipterus
vii and H. delicatulus A. Fitch-—

The larva of Ptinus latro Fab, 232.

‘

Henshaw, Samuel.
‘Record of some contributions. to the
. Literature of American b:etles, pub-
‘lished i in 1885—Part I, 65, Part II,

93.

First supplement to the List of
- Coleoptera of America, North ot
Mexico --213.

) Horn, Geo. H., M. D.

Some critical Notes. 207.

Howard, LO:

A generic synopsis of the Hymen
opterous family Chalcididae. 33.
Of ae

‘Hulst, Rev. Geo. D.

Larval History of Spilosoma congrua
WIS Ug: ‘
Notes upon various species of the

Ennominae. 47.
New species of Geometridae, No, 2.
139.
wlgmlaiecGs notes—162, 182.
163.
Three new varieties and one new
species of Lepidoptera 182.
New species of Geometridae, No. 3
185 —210.
Abstract of address of Rev. Geo. D.
Hulst, retiring President, at Annual
Meeting of the Brooklyn Ent. Soc.
205.
Notes on some species of Geometri-
dae, No, 3. 221.
Kemarks on Prof. Riley’s strictures.

236.
Indroductory. 1.

Jones, Alfred W.
Note on Geotrypes opacus Hald. 8o.

Kellicott, D. S.
Notes on two larvae of the genus Ca.
tocala. 45. :

Knaus, Warren.
Notes on Hylesinus aculeatus and
Phloeosinus dentatus. 76.

Leng, Chas. W.

_ Synopsis of Cerambycidae 27, 60
81, 102, 118, 193.’
Notes on Coleoptera, 212.

Lintner, j. v8

‘ Address as Pres. Ent. Club, A. A\
A. S: 143.
te

INDEX TO AUTHORS AND SUBJECTS.

Marlatt, C. L.
Fall collecting of Hymenoptera from
Solidago sp. and its results. 202.

Marx, Dr. Geo.
Description of Gasteracantha rufo-
spinosa, 25
Notes on Thelyphonus Latr. 38.
Moeschler, H. B. -
On the American species of the
genus Utetheisa Huebner. 73.

Murtfeldt, Mary E.
Vernal habit of Apatura. 180.

Notes and News 42, 72, 103, 182.

Obituary Notes.
Gustav Haller 1o1.
Fred’k W. Klages 56.
Capt. D. H. Murdock tor.

Osborn, H.
Flight of Water beetles 63.

Pearsall, R. F.

* Description of a new Cochliipod.
209.

Ricksecker, L. E.
Pleocoma fimbriata 2o1.

Riley. C. V.
Mr. Hulst’s observations on Pronuba
Yuccasella.

Roberts, C. H.
On some species of Anthaxia. 16.

Schwarz, E. A.
Remarks on North American Scoly-
tids 40, 54.

|

{

Noteson the secondary sexual cha-
racters of some North American Co-
leoptera. 137.

On the reported occurence of Lep-
tura variicornis in North America.
161.

Smith, John B.
Note on ‘‘On some of our Sphingi-
dae” by C. A. Fernald. 6.
Note on Chalcophora campestris. 71.
Scent organs in some Bombycid
moths 79.
Larva of Aphorista vittata Fab. 85.
Note on Quadrina diazoma Grote.
124.
Notes on Scolytus unispinosus Lec.
125.

Society News.
Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 19, 64, 84, 183,
224.
Ent. Soc. Washington, 20, 84, 104,
163, 184, 203, 224.

Townsend, C. H. T.
On the variations and constancy of
the elytral markings in Chrysomela,
Doryphora, and allied genera 57.

Uhler; Ph. R:
Observations on some North Ameri—
can Capsidae, 229.

Welles; G. P.
Local occurrences of Coleoptera. 46.

Williston, S. W.
On two interesting new genera of
Leptidae 105.

Index to SyfMopses.

COLEOPTERA.
Wethecerus: As cesses «core el $2 Mannophoniswos<, «senior eneioe 83
Imma ise eee nite ate esas cs 83 Meégaderusi. (es acces Merete 6!
Rnewlocera a) wieeteue ans .% 4 ee, 31 Megobrittin 22. ye lacie cca eee ieiee eee 29
Wc yioGerial eee nL Kees ei 5, 6 5» 3 31 Metalepus.; 2\..:.0.. ou ms sea eee 82
jMidaYojer Vis Se cle, Ho op Seo Eeaee 197 Molorchas si. soi 2.0 obs 5h ee eee aD
Bali lene eerie eis +) (els(oe is 102 Obtiinl, 5; 0. Ges ee eee eee Eee 27
C@allichrominiypeeey eee: os ste tse 60 Obriuimti sh. 2'. Actea oes eee eee 28
Galliotinonaeemmerice cn acs sale) <efel 61 Oxoplus..555 sine kthieaee eee eee 102
GAUIIE oo 5 2d6 acto bie ‘ -29 Paristemiininc ©. seciee coe sa eee 3!
(Opiltnateng 32 4): JS ik AOR ie 29 Pecarthnuse oes cetera ...120
(GS) hauhal, oo boc bp. conta RDI OT 194 Phy tom.t etecree mere a aw lelniore ee yore 28
CUVEE ie aie Sela Sieie es ¥ « 108 Placionotus: ses. a0 lee eee 197
CHG PNOSOPUSmeMimete sis, + +2) = aie 62 Poecilobriumy cae seston reer Bikey)
GrOsSiGhUSe Meter ete oe bus sae 118 Purpuricenus.222 4 .. 5 OEE .8T
Gy lerion tary nemieliad <!oi2'5) 0316 » a7 he 195 Rhopalophoras sca. ses eerie 39
IDYEAVERKOINAN Go caoo aaO OS TOO dD. c 61 Rosaliate ey at eee aie) evalave a tateenteae 32
Bly trole pts. se00e «(ve ncis sce cielo 31 Schizaxa ope ee res oer 118
BY TOMOSTERMA WE MPIaY cre <.c.210 0 s-cuoveies 83 Sphaenothecus......... SB ic 119
JA NINE nb doe) eo eOaIo osc 27 Stenaspis isn reste epee See ree 62
IBN AMG 5) SHS. ols's Case Bae RRR ME 32 Stenosphenus ss ic. pee ee .193
Eloloeuireueys eters) eyt= (0c 2/~\ ct sie hice 32 ‘Erachyderini, 25). .56 diechsobaase 60
Ely aetna aay Wels «s/o \0°0 » v's sian 28 Tragidion: save ieee pense eee 81
[SEhMOGHEMISBe 655. + ss nvicce 193 Mrichoxysi..50.2.05 ss Gee eee 197
DissonoLusee ecient c/s -c. Mie e 2 62 ‘Dylosis. |... SSa0 oe he eee ee 197
Kylotrechus) ener anor eee 198
HYMENOPTERA.
CERES SCR Ite a Cinie's) v's = =o denlaimie 36 TSOCYRUNS rants reek (= cicte ec elreere sate: 37
GaTATODIIC ESR eteie ies obs ico o)s. sce sie ate 34 Mrentsusite. 5 2 sic cee De oateieieve rene 36
(tir pp Giese pr wee i= cc asl «ole le 34 elon Onme ptt. ds Seen Beas cts)
Gleqnomydeyees |<. s\s< 0m» se clan 34 Mischovastrides,..:.'. sii. .s\¢ eeereneee 33
Colotrechnides. 0.2.5. ..--es.05- 2034, Pealampinae ... .\. './c\- celine 97
JOAN Loqdsosnmese oe saobe 36 Pteromalides, . +. << 51s see eee 36
lOyAp Raley 4s Soka Bo aaaeeIoeBO ac 35 mteromalinae. :.\..c1 veveeceeeeeeet 33
Pile ChaStiiiier eyetelsreiislsci-te/s see vs « wiels 99 Pteromalus. ......\. 1. sem ests 37
DERM y o5 B56 bo 4 ceed OOHOIS a 96 INOptrOcerUS/ iy svielee |e cietr terete 36
inte domme pactereiecisees hess aclene 100 Spalanginaese se. sen ectene eee 98
Bucharinaewrwene cic esl ss OY Sphepigastndess 2... secusseeeeente 35
Binlophinaeanereriiecct cic! siecle 97 Tetracampinae ss... scence .98
[Deals Pte METEr, 5 5 cod DOP OEORIOIOR crcc 97 ‘Tetrastichinaes. 2% «celta eeeeee- e100
Eutelusse oe +6, SIS OOO sic fein 36 Trichogramminae® (ic... 100

ridyminde. reer oe. 2s Apo voc 98

Genhetal Imdex.,

Acidalia ancellata sp. nov. 186

ss californiata 222

a ditaria sp. nov, 186
oS elimaria sp. nov. 186
es frigidaria 222

Ss fuscata var. nov, 187
ee hepaticaria 222

os induciata 222

cy longipennata 221

“ luteolata 222

se magnetaria 222

gs magniferaria 221

© obluridata sp. nov. 185
Bs ossularia 221

es pavificaria 222

“¢ purata 222

ug retractaria 221

ne rubrolineata 222

se rubromarginata 222

ue sideraria 222

s¢ _-volucraia sp. nov. 185

Acronycta obscura var. nov. 169
-\delocephala bicolor 44

Aegeria 2
Aepycephalus-characters 131
Aguotomyia gen. nov. 106

cs elongata 106
Amblychila cylindriformis 208
ee picolomini 208

Ampelophaga 5
Anaplodes estaria sp. nov. 128
Antepione imitata 51
ee sulphurata 51
Anthaxia cyanella 17, 20
: «« quercata 17, 20
Apaiela ouscu a vai. 10v 169
Apatelodes tloridana var. nov. 13
a indistincta sp. nov. 13
Apatura, vernal habit of 180
‘< _celtis larva of 180
** —_ elyton larva of 180
Aphides, injury from 179
Aphis maidis 175
Aphodius erraticus 84
Aphorista vitiata, larva of 85
Aplodes albaria 140
‘¢ approximaria 140
‘« —_ junciolinearia 140
“¢ Jatiaria 139
‘© rubrolinearia 141
‘¢ —undinaria 140
«© viridicaria 140
“* —- zygotaria sp. nov. 121
Arctia fuliginosa 180
*« lugubris var. nov. 182
“* rubricosa 180
Argynnis diana 183
Arthroceras gen. nov. 107
ce pollinosum, sp. nov. 108

Aspilates bel rensaria sp. nov. 210
“« carata sp. nov. 211

“* crocearia sp. nov. 211
«¢ desperaria sp. nov. 211
* gilvaria 223

ce INtaria sp. nov. 211

se

opuscularia sp. nov. 210
Atherix, characters 107
At acinae, characters 20, 44
Atypinae, synopsis of 129
Aximocerus americanus 138
Azelina ab macularia 49

** arizonaria 49, 142

** behrensuata 49

‘« honestaria 49
hubnerata 49
morri-onaria 49
stygiaria 49

‘- zalissaria 49
Bostrichus dactyliperda 42
Bothrosternus hubbardi sp. nov. 52
Brathinus ocuiatus 127
Byssodes obru-sata 222
Caberodes antidiscaria 49

‘ contu-aria 48
Calocampa cineritia 142

e thoracica n. var. 142
Calasymbolus 4, 6
Camptobrochis grandis sp. nov. 230
Capsidae, notes on 229
Catocala flebilis (larva) 46

yu habilis 40

c obscura “¢ J
Ceratocampinae, structure of 20, 44
Cecidomyia destructor 173

a leguminicola 173

Chalcophora campestris, food of 71
Cheimatobia bruceala sp. nov. 123

UG boreata 123
Chlorosea fasciolaria 141
or graefiaria sp. nov. 123
be perviridaria 141

Choetocoelus setosus 164
Chramesus chapuisii 54
UY icoria 54
Chrysobothris azurea, food plant 231
Chrysomela philadelphica 59
te scalaris 57
Chrysophanus fulliolus var. nov. 182
Chrysophila 107
Cidaria luteoluta 222
Cnesinus strigicollis 54
Collaria explica a sp. nov. 230
‘© meiileuri: 230
Conotrachelus anaglypticus 164
Crambus exsiccatus 173
“) zeellus 173
Crioceris asparagi 164
Cryphalus jalappa 42

Cryphalus rigidus 42
rypturgus atomus 56
ss pusillus 56

(teniza, ¢iaracters 131
Cyrtauchenius 131
Cyrtocarenum, 131
Danais archippus 104

‘* fumosus var. nov. 182
Darapsa 4, 5, 6
Darius howardi var. nov. 165

“« thetis 165
Datana ministra, food plants of 78
Deilephila 3, 5, 6
Heilinia quadrinotataria 223

SY septemfluaria 223

* septemlinearia 223
Deiopeia—see Utetheisa 212
Den. octonus, species of 56
Deva morigera sp. nov. 169
Iiabrotica longicornis 174

Dianous coerulescens, habits of 232

Doryphora clivicollis 58

ee 10 lineata 57 i
re defecta 58
ve juncta 58

Ir lineata 58
Drepanodes aequosa 48
juniperaria 48
olyzonaria 48
< sesquilinearia 48
syzygiarla sp. nov.
varus 48
Dromochorus, characters of 208
Dryocoetes aulographus 42
a septentrionis 42

Dynastes grantii 163

tityus 163

Desciirius filiformis,

48

ae

habit of 231
ie ies imperialis, (food plants 53
oi quala na. sp. 9

io na bibularia 51
* endropiaria 51
e fervid aria 50
‘* fiscellaria 50
*« flagitaria 50
pellucidaria 51
‘* pultaria 51
‘« seminudaria 51
‘© somniaria sp. nov. 5
Empoa albopicta 174
Endropia amoenaria 50
‘« apicaria 40
‘« arefactaria 50
«¢ duaria 50
‘* helveolaria 50
‘* homuraria 50
‘¢ hypochraria 50
‘* madusaria 50
‘* pilosaria 49
‘« . textrinaria 49
‘« _ warneraria 49

\

Jali as

GENERAL.

INDEX.

Eois hilliata sp. n. 187
‘ bonifata sp. nov. 1874
** labeculata sp. nov. 187
“* russata n. var. 187
* eremiata sp. nov. 187
** subochireata sp. nov. 187
Epeira diademata 84
Ephyra culicaria 221
‘+ myrtaria 221
‘¢ plantagenaria sp. nov. 185
Iipicaerus imbricatus 174
Eriodontinae, characters 129
Euclea elliotii Sp. nov. 209
Kucrostis hollandaria sp, nov. 122
a jaspidiaria sp. nov. 122.
Ke phyllinaria 141
ite saltusaria sp. nov. 122
as zelleraria 141
Eugonia alniaria 49
‘* autumnaria 49
‘« magnaria 49
“¢ -vidularia 49
Kuphanessa mendicata 221
Euprepia caja 166
‘*utahensis n, var. 166
Euproserpinus 4
Eurymene floscularia 52

oS rosaria 52

ug serimaria 52
Eutrapela clemataria 47

A goniata 47

ou incurvata 47

eS tetragonala 47

es transducensata 47

es transpositata 47
af transversata 47
Kveryx 5, 6
Fertilization by Insects 84
Gasteracantha rufospinosa sp. nov.
Geometra illustaria sp. nov. 121
ne inclusaria 140
He reclaria 130
Geophilus glaber sp. nov.
Geotrypes chalybeus 212
a opacus $0
Gluphisia albotascia sp. nr. 12
formosa sp. ”. 12
oe ridendar spn isan
y SDUptaspr ye
re severa sp. 10v,
fc Wearlitsp nom
‘© Wrightii sp. nm. 11
Gnathotrichus asperulus 40
se materarius 20-40
Halisidota laqgueata sp, n. 166
Hemaris 3, 6

Hemerobius delicatulus 24

we dipterus 21
Hemileuca lucina var. n. 14
Hepialus McGlashani sp. 7. 14
Hessian fly 173

229

107

25

GENERAL

Heterolocha ephelidaria sp. nov. 120
Hydria undulata, larva of 162
Hydrophilus ovatus 137
Hydropsyche 164
Hylesinus aculeatus 76
<s fraximi 55
LC trifolii 55
ILylastes glabratus 56
Hylurgops pinifex 56
Hyperchiria 44
Hyperetis amicaria 52
oF nyssarla 52
Hypoprepia plumbea sp. n. g
Ichthyura astoriae sp. n. II
ee bifiria sp. nov. 167
st jocosa sp. n. 10
a luculenta sp. n. 10
Julidae new species of 225
Julus owenii sp. nov. 228
Lepisesia 4, 6
Leptidae, new genera of 105
Leptis 107
Leptura canadensis 161
‘* —erythroptera 161
‘< variicornis 161
Leucarctia acraea 79
Leucula lacteolaria sp. nov. 51, 120
Limacodes parallela sp. nov. 10
Lina scripta 58
«© Japponica 59
Lithacodes fasciola 9
LE laticlavia 9
Local occurrence of Coleoptera 46
Lophodonta plumosa sp. n. 14
Lozogramma famulata sp. nov. Ig1
se graeharia sp. nov. 192
Lucanus elaphus, pupa 163
Lychnosea aulularia 50
Lycomorpha coccinea sp. n. 9
Lygranthoecia marginata,
BY sexual character of 164
Macroglossum 3, 6
Malthodes captiosus 138

oc parvulus 139
Marmopteryx ancellata sp, nov. 190
a6 morissata sp. nov. Ig]
Melanchroia cephise 9
es geometrides g
Melanotus eommunis 174
se cribulosus 174

Meromyza americana 173
Merope tuber 164
Metanema incongruaria sp. nov. 212
M2trocampa perla'a 51
Monarthrum mali 44
Mouilema annulatain lec, of 212
Mon leuca obliqua sp. n. 10
Mycetoporus americanus 137

“s flavicollis 137
Mygale solstitialis 135
Myrmekiaphila gen. nov. 131

se foliata sp. nov. 113,131

Nabidea coracina 230
Nannolena gen. nov. 225

$6 burkei sp. nov. 225

INDEX,

Napuca orciferata 223
Nelphe carolina sp. nov. 166
Nematocampa expunctaria 52
ss filimentaria 52
. limbaria 52
Nematus ventricosus 173
Nemoria tepperaria sp. nov. 122
Nidivalvata gen. nov. 129
ve angustata sp. nov. 129
Ue marxii sp. nov.I11, 116,130
Numeria occiduaria 51
‘¢ pulveraria 51
Oedionychus creticus 127
Orgyia leucographa 13 -
*¢ leucostigma 13
** obliviosa var. n. 13
Otus 4
Oxydia vesuliata 47
Pachylomerus 133
‘** carabivouos sp. nov 109,
115, 133
es emarginatus var. nov. 134
oh turris sp, nov. 109, 136
Paonias 4
Paradesmus evides sp. nov. 229
Parajulus 226
** _castaneus sp. nov. 226
Paraphia vellivolata 223
Papilio ajax 182
Perigea fasciata sp. nov. 169
Phasianae aberrata 223
e cinereata 223
ob colata 224
a mellistrigata 224
My neptata 223
oC nubiculata 224
Phengodes, larva of 203
Pheosia portlandia sp. nov. 168
Phloeosinus dentatus 56, 76, 77
© punctatus 55
és serratus 56
Phoberia indiscreta sp. nov. 170
Phragmatobia see arctia 180
Phrygionis argentistriata 222

ae auriferaria sp. nov, 188
Pieris rapae a new food plant of 84
ie distribution of 183

Pigia multilineata sp. nov: 188
Pityophthorus querciperda, habits of
163
Plagiodera, (see Lina)
Plagodis keutzingaria var, of 212
“ -nigrescaria var. nov. 212
Platythyris floridana sp. nov. 182
Pleocoma fimbriata 201
Pleonectypiera obiiqualis sp. nov. 171
Plusia vaccinii sp nov, 170
** californica 170

Pogocolon 4, 6
Polymechus brevipes 163
Pronubi yuccasella, 184, 233
Prorasea brunneogrisea sp. nov. 171
Pseudojulus sub. gen. nov. 226

ss obtectus sp. nov. 227

Ke varius sp. nov, 227

GENERAL

Ptinus latro, larva 232
Pyrharctia isabella 79
Quadrina diazoma 124
Racheospila xysteraria sp. nov. 121
Raphia n. var. frater 142
‘« — coloradensis 142
*« pallula sp. nov. 168
Record of literature of Coleoptera for
1885, Part I. 65
Khinoncrinus 227
Rhopalopleurus pumilus 54
Rhyncolus corticalis 20
Ripula virginaria 47
Rumia baltearia 51
«¢ ochrearia 51
Sabulodes dositheata 48
Saturniidae, structure of 20, 44
Scaphidium 4 guttatum 138
Scent organs in Bombycids 79
Scepsis gravis sp. nov. 8
« pallens var. nov. 8
Scolytus amagdali 127
‘¢ californicus 127 2
‘¢ carpini 127
oc) fag 127
** Geotfroyi 127
** intricatus 126, 127
« Kirschil 127
«* multistriatus 127
<¢ mulicus 127
«« pruni 127
‘f pygmaeus 127
** quadrispinosus 127
«¢ Ratzeburgi 127
« rugulosus 127
¢* unispinosus 125-127
Scorpionidae types of 204
Selenia kentaria, larvr of 162
Semiothisa delectata sp. nov. 190
G2 denticulata 223
ee granitata 223
if graphidaria sp. nov. 190

ss grassata 223
es inquinaria sp. nov. 189
se mendicata sp. nov. 188
oc multilineata 223
ot octolineata sp. nov. 190
oy patriciata 223
re praeatomata 223
aH sexpunctata 223
ue simulata sp. nov. 188
ue sublacteolata sp, nov. 189
es tenebrosata sp. nov. 189
s umbriferata sp. nov. 189
of vellivolata 223

Sesia 2

Smerinthus 2, 6
Sphenophorus parvulus 174
Sphinzidae, Notes on 2
Sphinx 2

Spilosoma antigone 163

a congrua, larva of 15, 163
Spirobolus 227
ce hebes sp. nov, 228
e pensacolae sp. nov. 227
ub

oth.

INDEX.

Stenaspilates meskearia 142
Symphoromyia 107
Synchlora glaucaria 141

: liquoraria 141
oe rubivoraria 141
ce tricoloraria 141

Systena blanda 174
Telmatophilus americanus 138
Thelyphonus excubitor 39
foe giganteus 38, 20
Tettigonia mali 174
Tetracis aegrotaia 48
** aurantiacaria 47
“¢ -cervinaria 47
grotearia 49
«< gubararia sp. noy. 120
«© pailulata sp. nov. 211
*« paralleliaria 48
** simpliciaria 48
Terrilelariae 129
Thamnonoma coortaria sp, nov. 191
gn fascioferaria sp. n0v.191
Theraphosoidae 129
Tomicus confusus 41
“* — montanus 42
“¢ mucronatus 42
‘* sexdentatus 42
Tornos abjectarius n. var. 192
‘© candidarius sp. nov. 192
“ cinclarius n. var. 192
*¢ dissociarius var. n. 192
Tornos incopriarius 210
Trap-door Spiders 109, 128
OG ‘* nests of 87
Triptotricha 107
Urapteryx floridata 47
OG pol tiaria 47
Utetheisa, on the American species of
73.1218
ee bella 73, 75
4 ornatrix 73, 75
ec speciosa 73, 75
Xyleborus caelatus 41
Od dispar 41

ce fuscaius 40

& obesus 41

Gt pubescens 44, 41
es punctipennis 42
ne pyri 41

66 retusicollis 41

es x ylographus 41
Xylocleptes bispinus 42

Se concinnus 42
Ks cucurbitae 42
ss decipiens 42

Xylophilus fasciatus 139
ne piceus 139

Xyloryctes satvrus habit of 224
Xyloterus bivittatus 41

A lineatus 41

ot vi'tiger 41
Yucca fructification of 233
Za'hipes, larva af 203
Zopherus mexicanus 44

O71

4

Se eee

~~