erceere + ep mamma be res eae Stas + Ssigvens eeyeeerwestoces eran ie rs tp Oe pres peoure so Re ee Sond yey et saga as we . as rere estge er : sent oe pers Recetas be tiacmee yy ibe seateenspis trees iss: eee lbapaes Ts te ana favor Soe ©. pert rt Feeds, te ito. =" . o Sore x sys yee: aeae Seine WFC e f Sere t oe peipeatetars pee AAPTEE MEST ORSON? Ew) ies cr Soci yolesahe aioe 3s BTV n= ta oy 5 oy TP oe ns Pa and fetiretats eet r 4 Ts rret paprestey sHneston pisees S855 tegeebepte tt 2 1aev tee ie Heseroses : * : put 7 bes bare oti Shep meee: erin ahs? pa oe st a Composia olympia, . / i JANUARY, 1895, EDITOR: HENRY SKINNER, M.D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Associate Editor, ADVISORY COMMITTEE: Gro. H. Horn, M.D. CHARLEs A. BLAKE, Ezra T. CRESSON. CHARLES LIEBECK, Rev, Henry C. McCook, D.D. ea, ee ae PHILADELPHIA : ENTOMOLOGICAL Rooms oF THE ACADEMY oF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. 1895. Entered at the Philadelphia Post Office as Second Class Matter. Entomological News published monthly, excepting July and August, in charge of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphfa, and the American Entomological Society. Annual subscription $1.00, in advance. (Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20) Advertising Rates: 30 cents per square inch, single insertion;-a liberal discount on longer insertions. No advertisement taken for less than 60 cents. Cash in advance, es A\l remittances should be addressed to E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. BACK VOLUMES. Those who have net a complete set of Entomological News should obtain the wanting volumes ngw, especially of volumes 1 and 2. The pricesare: | Volume I (1890), $1.50; II (1891), $2.00; ill (1892), IV (1893) and V (1894), each $1.00 per copy. Address: E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. Entomological Publications. Classification of Coleoptera of North America, by Drs. LeConte and Horn, 567 pp. 1883. . $2.50 List of Coleoptera of America N. of iMasien: by = Hetishawe 1885 . 1.25 Synopsis of Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico, by E. T. Cresson. Part I, Families and Genera; Part II, Catalogue of Spe- cies and Bibliography, 1887 _. 3.00 Check List of Lepidoptera of Boreal Am; by Prof, I. B. Smith; 1891 1.00 Horn (Dr. G. H.)—Revision of the Ténebricalds of America North of Mexico, 152 pp. 2 pl. 4to . i 4 . 6.00 LeConte & Horn.—Rhynchophora of N. pT ON en a 1876 ~. 3,00 Scudder (S. H.)—The Life of a Butterfly, 182 pp., 4 pls... 1,00 * Guide to Commoner Butterflies of North. U. S. and Canada, 206 sib 1.25 Banks (N.)—Synopsis, Catalogue and Bibliography of the Neuropteroid é Insects of temperate N. Am.; 1892, 47 pp., cuts. -50 Calvert (P. P.)—Catalogue of Odonata of Philadelphia, with inteodinc: ; tion to the study of the group; 1893, 124 pp., 2 pls. : 1.00 Smith (J. B.)—Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Superfamily wecendas found in Bore. America (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893) 424 pp., 8v6. 2.50 —— Descriptions of new genera and species of 3 American) Noctu- idz; 1894, 50pp., 6pl. . P 75 Neumoegen and Dyar.—A prelinsnscy revision ot chs Lepper: terous family Notodontidz, 1894, 30 pp. : : : : ; .50 Price-Lists of other entomological papers may be had on application. The above sent on receipt of price by E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. News VOLUME VI, 1895. : ‘EDITOR : HENRY SKINNER, M.D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Associate Editor. ‘ ADVISORY. COMMITTEE: Gero. H. Horn, M.D. Ezra T. CRESSON. CHARLES A. BLAKE, Rev. Hznry C. McCook, D.D. CHARLES LIEBECK. 1s % YW b y 3 PHILADELPHIA: ts [! ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF A THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. 1895. INDEX TO VOLUME VI. THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Aberration, Variety, Race and Form, . - 7) 34, 77, 107 Association of Economic Ento- mologists, Meeting of, . . 255 Biography, See Obituary. | Brooklyn Entomological So- ciety, Meeting of, . . . . 165 Do lnsects Play, . ... . 48 Economic Entomology, 46, 83, 118, 153, 188, 255, 292, 323. Editorials, 17, 45, 82, 116, 151, 187, 224, 254, 291, 322. Entomological Literature, . 21, 49, 89, £25, 159, I9I, 228, 265, 208, 326. Entomological Section, A. N.S. Phila., Meetings of, 27, 94, 131, 166, 197, 235, 302, 331. Entomological Section, Chi- cego Academy of Sciences, 235 Entomology, Ignorance of the Knowledge of, in 1853. . 67 Eye, Compound, . . 97 Feldman Collecting Soria: Meetings of, 26, 58, 93, 130, 165, 195, 271, 301, 330. Illinois Entomology, . . . . 118 Insecticides, Vapors and Gases ie Png oe eS 5 189 MRE EMO ft we ye. 88 Insect Lime, . . Ame AG Insects as Pallenioers, a ate Gas Lake Worth, Florida, Collect- ing at, . . re a Mt. Washington, Anaisons os the List of Insects taken in the Alpine Region of, . . 4, 316 Mt. Washington, The Season CMa. same = 6, 3 8g Names,—Scientific vs. PONT a eS ee Notes and News, 157, 190, 225, 261, 296. Obituary: Com- ae BP - . 18, 47, 87, 123, Arribalzaga, F. L., dae Bradford, G. D., 64 Duda, L., - 340 Fallow, J. F., . 340° Gerstaecker, A., i, 292 Honrath, E. G., 32 Marx, G., ; 64 Morris, J. G., Me i Neumoegen, B., . 64, 65 Provancher, L’ Abbe, . 209 Riley, C. V., Sg aD Say, 15 . I, 33, 80, 102 Seeber, C. E., aN of Shimer, H.., . 240, 305 Staley.O- J.) 25 HOS bo 2 Stromberg, C. W., . 172 Steaming, Sawdust for, . . 182 Tortugas, Note on the Insects of the e210 ARACHNIDA, Attus concolor, n. sp., . 206 Chelifer . AD ay Chernetid attached % F iy are i Lycosa missouriensis, n. sp., . 206 Marx Collection, . 264 Missouri Spiders, . 204 Mite larva, Parasitic, . . 180 Mycaria agilis n. sp., oc 20d. New N. A. species, 204, 206 COLEOPTERA. After Coleoptera, . 185 ‘ Aphodius rugifrons, . 108 Bembidium lucidum, . . 178 Bostrichus typographius, 44 ii - INDEX. Bostrichus pies . 326 HEMIPTERA. Bryaxis, . . 184 | Aleyrodes, Bryaxis siesta oks n.sp., . 183 | Alypioides, Note on, . a Cicindela formosa and venusta, 176 | Alypioides dugesti n. var. . Cicindela limbata, . 284 | Bcrgrothia, Collecting Coleoptera, . 311 | Chinch-bug, . Colorado Coleoptera, Bio- Chionaspis minor, graphical Notes on some, 27 | Cicada hieroglyphica, Contontis sanfordiin. sp., —. 235 | Coccidological Items, Cryptocephalus auratus, 178 | Cotton Scale, a Dinoderus brevis, . 326 | Clenochiton perforatus, . Drasterius simiolus, . 326 | Dactylopius iceryoides, Eliodes armata impotens, n. Dactylopius aurilanatus, sp., : 3 ; . 236 | Dactylopius nipe, Eleodes ton fave n. Sp; Bos . 237 | Diaspisamygdale, . Elm Leaf Beetle, . 292 | Diaspis /anatus, FHlelops stenotrichotdes n. sp., 238 | Gossyparia ulmi, Hydrocharus obtusatus and St- Harmostes, : pha surinamensis, Larva of, 168 | Margarodes ivilobituin n. cane i Illinois C., ta - 309 | Margarodes vitas, New California C., . 235 | New N. A. species, . 2 New N. A. species, ae a 236, | San José Scale, 237, 238. Thelia, New species of, Orange Mts., C. of, . 226°| Thelia godingi n. sp., Orepus striatus, . 185 | Vine-destroying Insect, A new,’ Potato Stalk Borer, . 120 HYMENOPTERA. Pselaphide, - 183 | Acanthochalcis nigricans, Rhexidius asperulus, . 185 Agricultural Ant, .. Sagola, : + 7851 ant Stings, Scolytus oapaeaiss 255, 294 Anis “Arizona: Trichobaris trinotata, - 120 | jy nts? Nest S, : AYERS LESTALERS, ©». - 184 | ‘ants’ Nests, Fungous Gardens _ Vesperoctenus Flohri, . 114 DIPTERA, . Colorado Diptera, gH: Notes on, Dichocera n. gen., Dichocera lirata n. sp., . Heteropterina Macq., Oocur- rence in N. A., Heteropterina wasoni n. Sp., New N. A. Genera and Spe- cies, . Tachinid, A new,. . Volucella, A new, . Volucella kincaidii n. sp., . - 31, 132, . 132 in, Anthidium emarginatum, Apanteles, New, Apanteles ephestia n. ee ane Atta malefaciens, . Bees and Lizard, — Bees and Wasps, Habits of Bombus, Parasites of, Brachycistis idiotes n. sp., Bracon hebetor, Clistopyga, New species of Cliistopyga alborhombarta n, SP-5 Clistopyga sonalas nD. sp. ip ee ——————eee OT ee ae ee Pan pe Rae TS INDEX. , . iil Formicide of Lawrence, Mass., 220 | Habrobracon gelechia, . . ~- 324 _ Lydaochreata,... . . ~ . 200 - Monophadnus rubi, . . . . 200 Nematus salicum,. © .*. . 18 New Hymenoptera, . . . 60 New N. A. species, 60, 61, 6%: 198, 201, 202. SAMve ANT CES soos IO Saw-fly Larve,. . . Te ML IOO Spherophthaima Hiitta w. var. 63 Spherophthaima myrmicoides 1 Spo. 61 Sphavophthalma prabiacts SR 2 Ree eee. OO Spherularia bi SPA eee bie 2 Fa Trichiosoma triangulum, . . 199 LEPIDOPTERA. Amblyscirtes ceian. sp., . . 113 Ainthocharis genutlia, . . . 145 Cacecia magnoliana, . . . 175 Calliomma denticulata n. sp., 141 Carneades acornisn.sp., . . 335 Carneades recticinctan. sp., . 334 Carneades servitusn. sp., . . 336 Carneades vulpina n. sp., . . 335 “ecropia Moth, .. .... ..... 136 Chicago, Collecting around, . 314 Chionobas californica, . . . 321 Chrysophanus helloides,. . . 297 Cocoon Mimicry, 147, 311 Coddling Moth, ... ... 8 Colorado, Moths of, . . . . 73 Composia, . . EEF enS 7 Coriscium cuculipenellum, . . Tog Epheitia kurhuirela,. . . . 324 Eudamus rauterbergi n. var.,. 113 Eudryas Ste pecs Pata tESD Pair Moth. 8 ee os: 324 Food- Plants So gre EAPO pa b> 8 Geometrina, N. A., 11, 40, 70, 103 TLE EAS FE, TPL GEL Sepsy Moth, 29. .-. Sn 26 Hammock, A Curious, . . . 109 flarrisimemna, Larva of, . . 340 Liypatus bachmani, . . . . 190 Imagines, Tardiness of, . . 48 Larve, Collecting, .... . . 227 Larve, Parasitized, . . . . 18 Leucarctia rickseckeri, . . . 186 Lepidoptera, California,. . . 144 Lyceenids, New African, . . 166 Maine, Grapfafrom,. . .- . 261 Mamestra gussaian.sp., . ~ 337 Mamestra ingravis Nn. sp., . + 337 Mamestra larissan.sp., . ~. 338 Melit@a neumoegeni n. sp., . ¥13 Mimacrea neurata n. sp., . ~ 166 Mimicry, .-. Repnetareh Ss &,¢< ga 9 Et Moths, Column of ie erga oO Moths; High Mountain,. . . 73 Neumoegen. Collection, Types, 216 287. New N. A. species, 29, 112, 113, I41> 332-339. © Noctua atricintan.sp., . - . 333 Noctua patefactan. sp.,. - + 333 Noctua substrigatan. sp., . . 332 Oregon, Butterflies, . . . . 251 Orneodes, Larva, . . . . . 100 Papilio ajax, . . 2+. 296 Papilio pelaus, Female of . 303 LUDUIO LUIYRS oy DER, COLO Phegoptera, Anew,. . . . 29 Phegoptera masonin.sp., . 29 Phiegethontius cingulata, . . 95 Popular Entomology, . . 145 Pyralide. and Pierophoride: Relationship,. ...-. . . 38 Pyrameis cardui, . . . . . 150 Rhode Island, L. of, . ... . 47 Rhopalocera, Notes on,. . . 112 Saturniidze, Cocoons, . . . 274 Sphingide, American, . . . I4I Tennessee Rhopalocera, 245, 281 Teriomima galenides n. sp., . 167 Thecla saritan.sp.,. . ep Ye Tortricid, Magnolia-blossom, - 175 Virginia, Notes from, . . . 243 NEUROPTERA. Aeschna pentacantha, . . . 124 Enallagma geminata n. sp., . 239 iv INDEX. Meleoma signoretti, . . . . 225 Odonata... . . ee Odonata, Larval stage of, . . I8r ORTHOPTERA. Katydid’s orchestra, . . . . 323 THYSANURA. Cecilius mobilis, . . . . . 18 Hlemerobius humuli,. . . . 18 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. VI. Albright; M., ©... 2.338 eee Anonymous, . . .. . . 145 Ashton, ‘T..B:5 soo eee Gy Baker, C. F., Saye POE LFS Banks, N., 19, II5, 124, 204, 225 Rarber,“He Gis tee). tae EOL Bischoff, Te. An, ois: ees eee Bland, J... Bos rae es Blaisdell By Ee. s i S cae eee Brendel Bis 4 Os OFIS3 mace, 1D, ge GE aes Raven Portis oA ee a Cockerell, T. D. A., 18, 60, 123, 157, 180, 200, 262, 325. Coquillett, D. W., 131, 207 Cunningham, B. L., . 251, 321 DURE seat ae CES eS G POBvidsOn, Pepe ss iis 252 Tats Ge til ke BOS OS Dearden, W., -.. .. sw.» 296 Dyar, H. G., . 38, 95, 100, 199, 340 Ehrmann, G.A., . . . . . 303 ‘Susi Pie 9 Sag Oa 108, 176 Parnham, GD a i eS 0 Penner: Wig oe. wets Ponlks,:O. Diy <6. a8 PEACOCK FT Licey 6 ia FSS se BOS A Re Ben Giese See eas ay Holland; W, Jayne 2 166 Horn, G. H., Hornig, H., . Hulst, G. D., Johnson, W. G., Keith, E. D., Kellicott, D. S., King, G. B., Knab, F., Knaus, W., Kunze, R. E., Laurent, P., Lembert, J. B., Longley; W. E., Lugger, O., Meeske; H., . Monell, J. T., Ormonde, F., Osburn, W., . Ottolengui, R., 287. Schaus, W., Skinner, H., Slingerland, M. V., Slosson, Mrs. A. T., 276, 316. Smith, H. H., Smith, J. B., 46, 83, 116, 53. 292, 114, 179, 326 % Set II, 40, 70, 103 a ead. 48 - 239 . 220 Me 3 en oy Se 18, 48, 147 - 274 137, 182 . 314 . 138 . Bae 17 > 212 245, 281 ~ 7) 34, 77, 107, 216, 29, 87, 141 132, 261, 297 109, 175, 4, 133, 263, 48 332, and economic department. Smyth, E. A., Stiles, C. W., Valentine, H. E., Van Duzee, E. P., Webster, F. M., Weith, P. J., Westcott, O. S., White, H. G., Wickhan, H. F., Williston, S. W., Wolcott, A. B., . 56, 168, 210 - 243 . 248 16 . 203. x er as, TOI, 124 . 158 . 136 21 . . 309 —_-- PLE Ent. News, Vol. VI. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VOL. VI. JANUARY, 1895. No. CONTENTS: Webster—Thomas Say ................ ¥ |: Notes and. News. i: .s.c,se0 tice nes tame Slosson—Additional list ofinsects taken Entomological Literature ............. in alpine region of Mt. Washington 4 | Doings of Societies.................2.. Ottolengui—Aberration, variety, race Entomological Section. .........22-.00. BeNOR ade rebaac tes cca cehcee ce 7 | Baker—Biological notes on some Colo- Hulst—North American Geometrina in FAGS COleopter acs’: « Sein c's issacsov ce European collections.............. 1r | Schaus—A new Phegoptera from Mex. 29 Knab—Ant nests ..........:seceeeerecs 15 | Williston—A new Tachinid with re- RRONIM orien oot 0. 6'on oh ciedus wares 17 markable antenne..............+ - THOMAS SAY.—I By Prof. F. M. Wesster, Wooster, Ohio. During late Autumn of the year 1888, the writer had the pleas- ure of spending a few days in New Harmony, Ind., a guest of the late Col. and Mrs. Richard Owen, both of whom were resi- dents of that somewhat famous little city during the nine years that “‘ The Father of American Entomology’’ made it his home, and with whom they were both personally acquainted. Though at that time upwards of ninety years old, Col. Owen and his good wife pointed out many, to me, historic places, made sacred by their associations with Thomas Say, and feeling that not only such places would sooner or later disappear, but those who were able to give their history from personal recollections would within a few years cross the Dark River, I engaged to have a series of photographic views taken under the supervision of my host and hostess. The three views that are to follow in forthcoming num- bers of the News, were thus obtained, and will be explained as they are consecutively used. The portrait included in this number is from a photograph of a steel engraving in the posses- sion of Mr. Frategot, of New Harmony, to whose father it was z 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, presented by Say, who considered it a very faithful picture of himself. Dr. Skinner informs me that there is another of these engravings in the library of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and beyond this I know nothing of the history of the original, nor could I learn anything of it at New Harmony. In this portion of my sketch, the aim will be to follow Say only to his removal from Philadelphia to Indiana, in 1825, the re- mainder will accompany the engravings which illustrate his life in his Western home. _ As the author has not been able to himself secure any impor- tant data from the people of New Harmony relative to the life of Say prior to his coming West, he is for this information obliged to draw very largely upon the memoir read by Say’s friend, Mr. George Ord, before the American Philosophical Society, Dec. 19, 1834, and published in the LeConte edition of Say, pp. vii- xxi, vol. i. Thomas Say was born in Philadelphia, July 27, 1787, of Quaker parentage, at least on his father’s side, the latter being a physician and apothecary. Thomas was educated under Quaker patronage, which probably compared favorably with the educational ideas of the times, but the embryo entomologist appears to have had a too warm love for nature to take kindly to such unnatural methods of acquiring knowledge, and as a result his distaste for letters frequently appeared in his publications during after life. With the thrift and industry so frequently a marked characteristic among the Friends, it is not surprising that his father should seek to place his son in a respectable avocation, and, hence, after he left school, Say was first taken into partnership in business by his father, and later established, with others, a separate firm, to continue in the same useful calling. Here, again he gave token of his future, and at this early day appears to have thoroughly abhorred a life of buying and selling as he did in later years. He appears to have inherited the mild, lovable disposition of the sect from whence he sprung, but not their thrifty financial ability. He was, during his whole career, generous to a fault, but his honesty and integrity has never been questioned. In the minds of those of his acquaintances who yet survive him, he lives as a man who loved his neighbor‘even better than himself and who never had an enemy. With such a character it is not in the least surprising that he did not succeed in business, but became 72s. eS = ee Ce ea eae i 1895.) ~ _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3 pecuniarily responsible for the engagements of others, a course ending in failure and bankruptcy. His financial reverses, how- ever, do not seem to have weighed heavily upon his mind, but, on the contrary, as the grieved child turns to its mother’s arms for solace and soothing words, so Thomas Say, in his financial . troubles, appears to have sought consolation in his studies of nature, quietly living what Bryant wrote in the opening stanza of Thanatopsis, and, disregarding his losses, found that healing sympathy, that stole away their sharpness ere he was aware. Mr. Say became a member of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in April, 1812, soon after it had been reorgan- ized, and when the crisis in his financial affairs leff Hin’ stranded, took up his abode in the building in which the Academy held its meetings, and turning his back on the financial world as it were, began his entomological labors in earnest. It was here that he was brought in close contact with his afterwards friend and bene- factor, William Maclure, Esq., but of their relations later we shall have more to say further on in our series of sketches. It was in the Journal of the Academy of Sciences, began in 1817, that Say first appears as an author, which seemed to strengthen the bonds binding him more closely to his chosen field of scien- tific investigation. In 1818, with Messrs. Maclure and Titian R. Peale, he visited the sea islands-and adjacent coast of Georgia and eastern Florida, from which latter region they were driven by the hostility of the Spanish, who yet had control of the terri- tory. It was doubtless this journey that paved the way for his connection with the two scientific expeditions fitted out by the United States Government, and placed under the command of Major Long, with Thomas Say as chief zoologist. The years intervening between 1818 and 1825, when he left Philadelphia, were certainly busy ones for Say, who, aside from his connection with these expeditions which necessarily required considerable time in accompanying them to the then unexplored regions of the West, he was for a time Professor of Natural History in the University of Pennsylvania, and of Zoology to the Philadelphia Museum. Two of the three volumes of his ‘‘ American Ento- mology’’ were published, and besides this all of the ornitholog- ical papers appearing in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, to which the name of Charles Bonaparte is attached, were edited by him at the request of the author. More than this, 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ~{ January, he prepared for the press the first volume of Bonaparte’s ‘* Nat- ural History of Birds Inhabiting the United States,’’ though it was afterwards revised by another. So fully was he occupied with his own labors, and so freely did he devote his time to assist others, that he prolonged his studies far into the night, even during Summer until the breaking of day, thus sapping his life for the benefit of science and his fellow-man. Even before he left his native city he was much broken down in health, though giving freely both of his time and means, when he had any, and willing to do even more. Such was Thomas Say at the age of thirty-eight, when he was induced by Messrs. Maclure and Owen to accompany them to their confraternity of New Harmony. Of his life and labors in Indiana during the remaining nine years of his life I shall speak farther in a second paper. oO ADDITIONAL LIST OF INSECTS TAKEN IN ALPINE REGION OF MT. WASHINGTON. By ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. A year ago I published (Ent. News, vol. v, p. 1) a catalogue of the insects I had up to that time taken on the summit of Mt. Washington. That list comprised 300 species. I have this season taken in same region, at or above 5500 feet altitude, more than 200 species not included in former list. I herewith append the names of these, and I take this opportunity to acknowledge gratefully the invaluable assistance of Messrs. Coquillett, Liebeck, Fox; Davis, Banks, Van Duzee and others, who have identified for me insects in the different orders. HYMENOPTERA. Lyda semidea Cr. Tenthredinide. - Uroceride. Hylotoma pectoralis Leach. Urocerus abdominalis Harr. Harpiphorus maculatus WVorz. Monophadnus tilize Wort. Ichneumonide. Macrophya slossonia MacG. mss. Ichneumon brevicinctor Say. rs tibiator Vorz. ‘‘. funestus C” Taxonus borealis M/acG. mss. * letus Brulle. Tenthredo grandis Nor7z. os milvus Cy. . ruficolor Nort. - pravus Cy. promptus C. sp.? yf tricolor Nort. S variata Nort. —_— a 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5 Cryptus atricollaris var. ** —montivagus Prov. ee Sp..? ; oe Sp. 2 a EP Limneria flaviricta C. + hostilis Cr. ? Banchus sp. ? Euceros n. sp. Lampronota rubrica var. ? ™. é sp.? Meniscus elegans C. i superbus Prov. Braconide. Ascogaster rufipes Prov. Macrodus sp. ? Opius n. sp. Chalcididz. Chalcis flavipes Faé. Myrmicide. Leptothorax canadensis Prov. Pompilide. Pompilus apicatus Prov. Andrenidz. Prosopis varifrons var. ? Andrena sp. ? Apide. Nomada bisignata Say. Bombus terricola Kirby. HEMIPTERA. Heteroptera. Ischnorliynchus didymus Ze/¢. Rhinocapsus van duzei UA/. Plagiognathus obscurus UA/. Pagasa nitida S/a/. Diplodus luridus Stal. Hanoptera. slossonz Davis mss. Helicoptera septentrionalis Prov. Idiocerus lachrymalis Fitch. % suturalis Fitch. te pallidus Fitch? Thamnotettix kennicotti Ud. Aphid gen. ? sp. ? COLEOPTERA. Cicindelide. Cicindela 6-guttata Fad. Carabide. Bembidium quadrimaculatum Linz Platynus quadripunctatus DeG. Harpalus viridizeneus Beauv. Tachycellus nigrinus De7. Gyrinide. Dineutes sp. ? Staphylinide. Tachyporus chrysomelinus Linz. Peederus littorarius Grav. Mycetoporus lepidus Horn. Coccinellide. Hippodamia parenthesis Say. Hyperaspis lugubris Rand. Scymnus tenebrosus J/z/s. Cryptophagide. Atomaria ephippiata Zimm. ? Histeride. Hister interruptus Beauv. Nitidulide. . Epurza ovata Horn. Ips sanguinolentus O/iv. Elateridz. Adelocera aurorata Zec. Elater fusculus Zec. *« pullus Germ. Buprestide. Delphacinus vittipennis VanD. mss__ Dicerca divaricata Say. 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Cerambycide. Criocephalus asperatus Lec. Bellamira scalaris Say. Xylotrechus quadrimaculatus Hald Acanthocinus obliquus Zec. Chrysomelide. Diachus auratus Fad. Typophorus 4-notatus Say. aS thoracicus Melsh. Prasocuris varipes Lec. Disonycha pennsylvanica JZ/. ae Crepidodera helxines Zinn. Melandryide. . Emmesa connectens Mewm. Pythide. Salpingus virescens Lec. Meloide. Epicauta cinerea Forst. var. ? Curculionide. Pissodes affinis Raud. Anthonomus scutellatus Gy//. Hylobius pales Hédsz. Cryptorhynchus bisignatus Say. Scolytide. Xyloterus bivittatus Azrby. Polygraphus nigripennis. Dryoccetes autographus. DIPTERA. Bolitophila fusca* JZeig. Simulium pisicidium /7/ey. Bibio femoratus Wied. Gnophomyia tristissima O. .S. Bittacomorpha clavipes Fad. Arthroceras leptis O. .S. Stratiomyia picipes Zw. Pangonia tranquilla O. |S. Chrysops indus O. 5S. Laphria canis Widist. xanthomelzena Dalm. Hybos triplex Wad&. Empis ravida Cog. mss. Dolichopus longimanus Zw. Psilopus sipho Say. Lonchoptera lutea Panz. Didea laxa O. .S. Volucella evicta Walk. Mallota posticata Fad. Temnostoma venustum Wid/sé. Platypeza obscura Zw. — Jurinia algens Wied. Echinomyia florum Wadk. Nemorea n. sp. Exorista platysamie Town. oS 3 a Masicera n. sp. ‘ luctuosa v. d. W. Frontina n. sp. Eulasiona comstocki 7owz. Ennyomma clistoides Towz. Chzetona tenebrosa Cog. mss. Cynomyia groenlandica Ze/#t. = flavipalpis Macq. Calliphora vomitoria Zinn. * Hzmatobia serrata Desv. Musca domestica Lizz. Aricia marmorata* Ze?éZ. ‘« -vagans* Fadl. nigrifrons Walk, sp.? sp.? sp.? Spilogaster carbonella* ZeéZ. Hydrotza occulta* Meig. Hylemyia lipsia Wadk. Phorbia floccosa Maeg. ‘* fusciceps ZeZz. perrima Walk. Homalomyia caniculatus Linn. Caricea albicornis* Meig. ‘* substituta Wadk. «lata Walk. nivea Linn. eS solita Walk. sii intacta Walk. “ec * ‘‘ Not before recognized from America,’’ D. W. Coquillett. erythrocephala Meig. (January, . - 8 s - ~ 1895. | -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7 Cordylura slossoni1 Cog. mss. _ Crambus vulgivagellus Ze//. Scatophaga merdaria* Fad. Ptycholoma persicana Fitch. Blepharoptera discolor Zw. Gelechia sp. ? Sciomyza albocostata Fadl. Pterophorid gen. ? sp.? Tetanocera arcuata Lw. 43 rotundicornis Zw. ARACHNIDE. ; 8 valida Zw. Aranez. > plebja Zw. Steatoda marmorata Henéz. Loxocera pleuritica Lw. Bathyphantes alpina Em. Psila bicolor Mezg. Crustulina sticta Camo. Trypeta fausta O. 5. Linyphia mandibulata Em. Palloptera arcuata* Fad/. Ceratinella emertoni Camd. Sapromyza compedita Zw. Tmeticus montanus 2m. = philadelphica Macq. Dismodicus alpinus Bés. mss. Chlorops grata Zw. Epeira nordmanni 2m. Borborus equinus Fad. “ silvatica Em. Trineura aterrima Fad. Lycosa pictilis Zym. Phora femorata* Meig. Pirata insularis Em. ‘““nigriceps Lw. “ minuta Em. “ giraudii* Egger. Pardosa albomaculata Em. «pallida 2m. LEPIDOPTERA. ‘* minima Keys. Heterocera. Dendryphantes sp. (‘probably Attus cruciatus 2m. [new’’ Bés.) Albuna montana Hy. Edw. Platagrotis imperita Gz. Acarina. Semiophora elimata Gu. Trombidium sp. ? (immature). Carneades dissona Moesch. Actineda agilis Bés. Semiothisa granitata Gz. Bdella cardinalis Bks. Epirrita sp. ? Gamasus sp. ? ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM. By Dr. RoprRIGUES OTTOLENGUI. Some months ago I received a pair of insects which, while closely resembling a well-known species of Bombycid, yet were markedly different in coloring. I showed them to a prominent specialist in this group and he expressed the opinion that they had been artificially produced. Another gentleman thought they represented a good variety; a third thought them aberrations, and finally another prominent entomologist advised me to name and describe them as a new species. * “ Not before recognized from America,” D, W. Coquillett. 8 _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, I have also had similar experience with other specimens which I have thought worthy of at least a varietal name, but in every instance I have been advised*not to describe my specimens, or name them. Meanwhile I have read of new varieties, and even aberrations described by some of my advisors, and I found it very hard to comprehend the differing positions taken in these instances. In undertaking to write upon the subject, I have adopted a method which has produced good results in another field, my own profession, dentistry. I sent out a query as to the meaning of the terms Variety, Form and Aberration, and the circum- stances under which they should receive special names. I will read the replies. Rev. George D. Hulst says: A variation is the differing of an individual or a few individuals (in a degree not very strongly marked), from the normal or typical form. An aberration is a variation where the differing is very decided, and intergrades are wanting, otherwise known as ‘‘sports.”’ A variety is a comparatively broad term as it is ordinarily used —covering race, form, subspecies, and indeed all distinctions below species. Under this a form is one or more of the variations an insect may take in view of seasonal influences, for example Grapta fabricii is a form of G. interrogationis ; or a sexual difference as Papilio turnus from P. glaucus. e A race is one or more of the variations an insect takes in the same brood, or in all broods in view of climatic conditions, as for example, 77iptogon occidentalis | consider a race of 7. modesta. There remain the variations which occur in the same insect under the same conditions and the name variety more especially belongs, as for example Papilio walshit is a variety of P. ajax. A species is a distinct variation, permanent, supposed to breed true to itself,—without known intergrades with other species. A subspecies is very nearly like what I call race above, and is where intergrades are known, but are infrequent. Perhaps most would call 77iptogon occidentalis a sub-species of 7: modesta. A sub-variety would be nearly equal to the word form, as ex- plained above. Of course it must always be recognized no line can be sharply drawn; there is no break in Nature. The breaks ee me 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9 which we make are artificial and for convenience only, and none hold in all ¢ases. My list would be: - Genus.—Species distinguished by a type difference in structure. Sub-genus.—Differing in structure, but less. Species.—Breeding true to self, and not intergrading. Sub-species.—Breeding true to self, and rarely intergrading. Race.—Breeding true, except in intermediate localities. Variety.—Forms distinct, but intergrading, more or less in any locality. Sub-variety.—Forms distinct, or not distinct, but the name ap- plying to a variety comparatively infrequent or not marked. Form.—A seasonal or sexual variation somewhat permanent. Variation. —An individual variation, infrequent and not generally distinct, and not permanent. Aberration.—An individual, sport, or variation, very distinct, -_ without intergrades. Prof. John B. Smith replies: Under the term variety I under- stand a departure from what may be considered the usual form of an insect, which, while it does not breed true to itself yet at the same time occurs frequently enough to bear a reasonable pro- portion to the ordinary form, occurring, independently of season or of locality. It is to be understood, also, that there is no reg- ular succession of intermediate forms between this variety and the usual form. Where a range of intermediate forms exists I would not consider the extreme entitled to a name, but I would simply rank them as variations; for instance, we have in Carne- ades infelix a form in which we have the full Moctuzd markings present, the colors well marked and contrasting, and this species varies to a form which is entirely black without any trace of markings whatever. Every intermediate stage between the im- maculate and fully marked form is represented, and I do not, therefore, give a name to anything except a species. - Under the term form I understand what may be called a sea- sonal variety, as where Summer and Autumn, or Spring and Summer broods offer a different appearance in size, color, pat- tern, etc. This is what is also called a seasonal or a dimorphic form, and these may be named provided it is specified that a seasonal or dimorphic name is intended. ~ An aberration is a sport, and indicates a monstrosity in some Te) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, directions; either in markings, in color, in suffusion, or in the direction of an Albino. This occurs only at rare intervals with- out any rule either as to season, locality or other permanent cause, and may be due to accident or the result of unusual cir- cumstance occurring at any time during the early life of an insect. An aberration may, under circumstances, become a variety in the course of time if circumstances induce a similar kind of aberra- tion sufficiently often. I have never yet named an aberration, and I do not think I ever will. I have another term about which you do not ask, and that I include under the name Race. Under this term I understand what is practically a geographical variety; that is to say, a form of an insect which breeds true to itself, occurring constantly in one locality and differing in some particulars which are not spe- cific from the same species as it occurs in another locality. We have a good example of Races, as I understand them, in the genus Satyrus. An aberration I do not name at all, but simply call attention to the fact that such a one exists. A form, where it is sufficiently marked, is always entitled to a name, if a man chooses to apply one. Personally, I cannot remember that I have ever named a form. Varieties are always entitled to a name, although I apply varietal names very sparingly. It is only where a marked difference exists, such as would be apt to prevent rec- ognition of its relation to the entire species, that I think a varietal name worth giving, in order to call the attention of the student to the fact that a range of variation exists which will put him on his guard against assuming a departure from the type to mean a new species. As I already indicated any departure from the type which is connected with the type by an unbroken series of inter- grades is not a variety in my opinion, and I refer you again to the example above cited of the Curneades. Your third question it is almost impossible to answer. A specimen being sent me by itself, differing from anything heretofore known to me, would be placed nearest to the species which it most resembled in struc- tural and other characters. If I were to determine it, I would give it that name with a query as to its being a variation or va- riety, and I would allow the matter to rest that way until further material came to hand. An aberration may be impossible of recognition until an examination of a very large number of speci- mens indicated its relationship, or unless some distinctive struc- ati ti ae ialitral = ad ike! in eal Ts lial 1895. | -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II tural character should refer it to a known species with certainty. Now I wish to call attention to just one thing: in all the discus- sions on this matter so far as the Lepidoptera are concerned, everything seems to have gone on the question of color and markings; factors which within a limited range are quite constant and wortliy of high rank, but which above all other matters are subject to variation and to aberrations. I always examine an insect for structural characters before I determine its rank in any work that Ido. I have never yet found, anywhere, two species that are entirely alike in structural characters, and where I find an absolute agreement between two species in all the structural characters I incline to consider them as belonging to the same species, whatever the difference may be in marking or color, until I prove to my own satisfaction that the range of variation in marking departs from what is usual or possible in the genus. I am very much more conservative in the matter of naming va- rieties than many of our Lepidopterists of the present day, and I may be wrong and they right. I cannot see the use of bur- dening our lists with a lot of really unmeaning names, like, for - instance, all those names applied by Prof. French to the species of Leptarctia, and | may cite others that are as poorly based. I think, however, you have my views on the subject at sufficient length. : (To be continued.) C). Vv NOTES ON TYPES GF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRINA IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS.—II. By Geo. D. Hutst. (Continued from page 306, vol. v, ENT. News) A specimen in the Museum has a label in Dr. Packard’s hand- writing, Zephrina modestaria Pack. It is the same as 7: argil- facearia Pack. I do not know that it was ever described. Mr. J. Alston Moffat, Curator of the Entomological Society of Ontario, who has examined for me the material of the D’ Urban collection, writes me that Mumeria inceptaria Wik. 1667, is this same species, and in that case Walker’s name has priority. lam much indebted to Mr. Moffat for his determinations, and take this occasion to express my thanks to him. Thamnonoma tripunctaria Pack. is put by Mr. Warren as a 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, synonym of Zephrina lorquinaria Gn. ii, 101. The remarks under 7. monicaria Gn. above apply here, as Guenée’s type is probably lost. I think Mr. Warren’s reference is correct. The type of Zhamonoma curvata Grt. is in the Museum, and is put as a synonym of Phastane excurvata Pack., which is a syn- onym of Anaitis orillata Wik. 1740, which is a synonym of As- pilates strigularia Wik. 1675, and Anaitis continuata W\k. 1445, the latter being the oldest name; curvata does not have the basal and middle lines coalescent posteriorly, though they are nearly so, and I have specimens where they do become one. Grote’s name can stand for this varietal form. Psamatodes eremiata Gn., of which the type is in the Museum, has as synonyms— Tephrina retectata W\k. 959, Tephrina gra- data Wik. 968, Tephrina retentata W\k. 968, and Macaria sub- cinctaria Wl\k. 1655. Ellopia plagifasciata Wik. 1508, is Numeria occiduaria W\k. 1016. This is not, in my opinion, the same as Vumeria pulver- aria Hbn. The type of Fidonia truncataria Wik. 1034, is much darker than the form usually met with in our collections. It is, however, an arctic form, and among the Geometrina, under arctic condi-_ tions, there is a tendency to melanism, as well as to hairiness, and a squamose condition of vestiture. Tephrina notataria Wik. 407, Fidonia discospilata W\k. 1034, and Larentia fidoniata W\k., 1183, are the same species, and are also one with Fidonia bicolorata Minot. Azelina aretaria W\k. 258, is the same as Caripeta subochreata Grt. Caripeta latiorata Wik. 1525, and Caripeta angustiorata WIk. 1524, are variations of one species. Mr. Warren does not think C. aretaria to specifically distinct, but I am not yet ready to unite it with the others. The amount of material is yet very small for comparison. * Caripeta divisata Wik. £525, has as a synonym Cidaria albo= punctata Morr. The type of the latter is in the Museum, In the Museum collection Mr. Warren has ranged Drepanodes olyzonaria Wik. 69, D. bicesaria Wik. 73, D. emearia Wk. 73, D. puber Grt. D. varus G. & R., D. equosus G. & R., D. ses- quilinea G. & R. and D. juniperata Pack., as one species. The type of D. puder is in the collection. D. olyzonaria is like D. equosus, D. bicesaria and D. emearia are nearly as D. puber 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13 Grt. I agree with Mr. Warren’s reference. D. infensata Gn. i, 68, and D. ephyrata Gn. i, 69, I found are the same species, so the oldest name yet known is D. imfensata Gn. The synonymy of Procherodes transversata Dru. I found to be the same as stated by Dr. Packard, namely, zmcurvata Gn., goniata Gn., transmutens W\k., contingens W\k., transposita Wik. Zransmutens and incurvata are dark forms, contingens is yellowish, ¢vansfindens is striated and dark spotted. Oxydia vesulia Cram. has distichata Gn. i, 59, and feosinata Gn. i, 59, assynonyms. Mr. Warren joins several other names to vesulia, but having seen the types of Guenée I do not believe them to be conspecific, as Mr. Warren puts them. Tetracis aspilata Gn. i, 141, and 7. allediusaria Wik. 253, are the same species with 7: crocallata Gn. i, 141. T. aspilata has the cross-line of the hind wings obsolete. © Mr. Warren has established the genus Cfenofetracis for paral- lelia Pack. and trianguli iferata Pack. Eutrapela egrotata Gn. i, 141, is not a synonym of Sadan s dositheata, as Dr. Butler seemed to think, and on whose authority I united them; @grvotata is our Californian species, and Ennomos arsesaria Wik. is asynonym; @gvotata is, however, of Sabulodes caberata Gn. i, 45. Apicia ? deductaria Wik. 237, Lozogramma atropunctata Pack. and Drepanodes fernaldi Grt. are the same. The type of D. Jernaldi is in the Museum. Tetracis pandaria Wik. 173, is a synonym of Cadberodes major- aria Gn. I agree with Dr. Packard that the following are synonyms of Caberodes confusaria Hbn. : metrocamparia Gn. i, 137, remts- saria Gn. i, 137, tmbraria Gn. i, 137, superaria Gn. i, 138, in- effusaria Gn. i, 138, floridaria Gn. i, 139, and phasianaria Gn. i, 140. I add as other synonyms: Cadberodes interlinearia Gn.., C. eldanaria Wik. 170, and C. varadaria Wik. 251. Apicia cayennaria Gn. i, 82, is not the insect known in our catalogues as Caberodes cayennaria. It is Caberodes distycharia Gn. i, 83. A. cayennaria Gn. has not, in my knowledge, ever been taken in the United States. Napuca orciferata Wik. 1693, is considerably darker than any specimens I had seen before. It follows the arctic tendency to melanism, but is conspecific with Phasiane aberrata Hy. Edw. 14. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, and Asfpilates gilvaria, var. labrodorata Moesch.; of P. aberrata - I have seen the type, and of daérodorata I have a typical specimen sent me by Mr. Moeschler. Azelina honestaria Wik. 258, and A. stygiaria Wlk. sup. 1548, are conspecific with Azelina hubnerata Gn.; stygiaria is var. atrocolorata Hulst. I may as well mention that Gonodontis pe- plaria Hbn., Zutr. 709, 710, is the same insect. The synonymy will thus be expressed: Azelina peplaria Hbn. stygiaria W\k. atrocolorata Hulst var. hubnerata Gn. honestaria W\k. Caberodes antidiscaria Wik. 1513, is the same as C. lentaria Hulst. Metanema determinata Wik. sup. 1551, is the same as J. carnaria Pack. Metanema eliaria Wik. 260, is a synonym of AZ qguercivo- varia A. & S. Ellopia fiscellaria Gn. i, 133, E. flagitaria Gn. i, 133, are one species, fiscellaria having the priority. I think Ellopia ? panis- aria Wilk. 163, is synonymous, and Mr. Moffat informs me &. equaliaria Wik. 164, is also a synonym. Ellopia pultaria Gn. i, 131, £. scitata Wik. 1 510, and £. in- vexata Wik. 1512, are synonyms of £. fervidaria Hbn. Ellopia athasaria Wik. 163, E. siccaria Wik. sup. 1547, and E. seminudata Wik. 1508, are the same species. Mr. Warren places dzbularia G. & R. and pellucidaria G. & R. as synonyms of £. seminudata Wik. 1508. I have not seen the Grote and Robinson types, but taking the figures given Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. viii, 1867, pl. 15a, figs. 8, 9 and 10, E. bibularia G. & R. is the same as &. seminudata Wlk., but Z. pellucidaria G. & R. is, as I think, a distinct species. As stated above £. athasaria W1k. is an earlier name than £. seminudata for the species. Ellopia subprivata Wik. 1509, is a synonym of Plagodis seri- naria H.-Sch. Sicya macularia Harr. has as synonyms: Sicya sublimaria Gn. i, 105, S. ¢runcataria Gn. i, 104, S. solfataria Gn. i, 104, Epione calipusaria Wik. 120, and Epione argyllaria Wik. 121. ." I 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5 Aspilates olenusaria Wik. 1675, is a variety of A. coloraria Fab. Apicia liberaria Wik. 239, has Macaria integrara. Wik. 889, ‘and A. Jintneraria Pack. as synonyms. Tephrina unicalcararia Gn. ii, 100, another of the Lorquin in- sects, is, as a specimen is named in the British Museum, the same as behrensaria Hulst. I am as well satisfied with this determina- tion as any, and so it may stand. The insect, however, appears in two quite distinct forms—one rusty ochreous, the other cervi- nous; the latter may be called var. dehrensaria Hulst. Numaria duaria Gn. ii, 135, has as synonyms: WV. hamaria Gn. ii, 136, Ellopia amyrisaria Wik. 164, Caberodes agreasaria WIk. 252, Endropia adustaria Wik. sup. 1545. _ I agree with Dr. Packard as to the synonyms of Endropia Ayperchraria H.-Sch., viz.: E. refractaria Gn. i, 125, &. laterz- tHiaria Gn. i, 125, and £. mestusata Wik. 154. To these I add Azelina fedaria Wik., sup. 1548, and Macaria? indeclinata Wik. 888. ’ (To be continued. ) oO ANT NESTS. . By FREDERICK KNAB. I have noticed the picture and article, ‘‘ A Home among the Tree Tops’’ with interest, and the following observations made about nine years ago on the Amazon may perhaps not be familiar to every one. Nests, in appearance and size, as described in the above article are very common on the Lower Amazon, only those I examined appeared to be made of mud, and were inhabited by a species of large black ant. Sometimes they are high up in the crotch of a tree; sometimes quite near the ground. Few probably know that the common paroquets rear their young within these ant nests—a most interesting case of intimate relations between widely different animals. The bird drills a hole into the side of the ant- hive, like a woodpecker’s in a tree. Inside quite a cavity is scooped out, in which the eggs are laid and hatched out without annoyance from the ants, which continue in possession of their home. It can readily be seen that the ants, who rush forth at 16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, the least disturbance, would bea protection to the helpless young paroquets, but why do the ants suffer these intruders? Once I obtained a set of paroquet’s eggs from one of these nests. An Indian climbed up a neighboring tree, and, reaching over with his tercado, broke open the nest—the hole being much too small to introduce the hand—immediately the tree and the ground below was black with ants. The eggs were taken out and caught successfully in my insect net, but not until many of the little demons had buried their jaws in our flesh. On other occasions I saw the young birds, crowded snugly to- gether in their strange home, with beaks wide open for food when they heard one approach.. The Zervmites, on the contrary, live in large, irregular, conical mounds, hard as rock, and often ten feet and more high. In the day-time there is no sign of life, but if one enters the forest at night the sight is a beautiful and start- ling one—the darkness is intense. Here and there in the black- ness may be seen clusters of glittering phosphorescent light; these are the Zermite hills. No doubt the light proceeds from the insects as the particles of the light mass move and change. The light is greenish and soft, and the effect is indescribable. In marked contrast is the glowing red light of the A/aters as they dash rapidly through the foliage. BLAPS SULCATA, a common species in Egypt, is made into a preparation which the Egyptian women eat with the view of acquiring what they es- teem a proper degree of plumpness! The beetle they broil and mash up in clarified butter; then add honey, oil of sesame, and a variety of aromatics and spices pounded together. Fabricius reports that the Turk- ish women also eat this insect, cooked with butter, to make them fat. He also tells us that they use it in Egypt and the Levant, as a remedy for pains and maladies in the ears, and against the bite of scorpions. Carsten Niebuhr also mentions this curious practice of the women of Turkey, and adds, the women of Arabia likewise make use of these insects for the same purpose, taking three of them, every morning and evening, fried in butter.—Cowan’s Curious Facts. ON my way to church, Sunday evening, September 9th, I noticed as I approached an electric light which hung over the middle of the street a column of moths projected outward and downward from the lamp for a distance of three feet or more. It was brilliantly illuminated, those farthest away being somewhat in the shadow of those nearer the lamp, Though many were fluttering about outside of the main column, the edges were plainly marked, and it attracted some attention.—H. E. VALENTINE. ~~ Rae iy, 1895. ] 17 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint ‘publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a “necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States\and Canada $1.20. All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1895. : THE SIXTH VOLUME. Wiru the present number the News begins its sixth volume. It is not very old, but its newness is wearing off, and it feels that it has a career, and that it has come to stay. Our efforts have been crowned with suc- -cess, and there is every reason why the News should still grow and prosper. In the beginning we had our doubts about its life, as it would not have been the first entomological journal to die. We feel that our subscribers and friends have aided us greatly, and it has- been this that has encouraged us to do our best for them. We frequently receive kind -words in relation to the News, and these words are very gratifying. The journal is to be continued and enlarged if necessary, and we hope to -receive efficient support so that this may be done. Why not have a forty page illustrated monthly devoted to entomology? It can be done with your help, and it would be a grand thing. Think of it, four hundred pages a year! Aid us in getting the necessary subscribers and we will do the rest. Tell your entomological friends what we would like to do and we may do it. We wish you all a happy New Year, and feel sure that your interest in natural history will be of benefit to you in many ways; it means relaxation from the cares of life and recreation. Our local physician showed me yesterday a lizard about six inches long apparently dried and coated over with wax entirely. He said that it was found in a Bee Tree near here. The bees had coated it over and then ‘built their cells against it and onit. Possibly the lizard intruded on the new colony in the log and they stung it to death and then coated it over ‘to prevent decomposition.—J. T. MonELL. | Nadiad 18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source, The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfet- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five “extras” without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb. PARASITIZED LARV&.—Of Nadata gibbosa, which generally yield a fair average of normal pupa, I had negative results this year, 1894. Nineteen larve collected late in July produced only one pupa. They reminded me of those promising much and returning little. With Hyparpax aurora had better success. Twenty-nine larve of first brood yielded ten pupz, but only one imago emerged in August—the others in all probability going to hibernate. Another collector related to me a similar experience wit H. aurora.—Dr. R. E. Kunze. NOTE ON NEMATUS SALICUM (CkIl.)—A short note appears necessary to clear up the synonymy of this insect. As is explained in Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, pp. 345-346, I described the larva as Messa salicum, and Mr. Ashmead later described the imago as Wessa salicis. Those who main- tain the genus J/essa will probably prefer to call the species J/. salicis Ashm., but Dalla Torre, in his Cat. Hymenop. vol. i (1894), p. 257, sink- ing Messa under Nematus, alters the name of our species to Wematus salicicola, because there is a Nematus salicis Linné. In view of the pre- viously published named sa/icum, this was unnecessary, and the proper synonymy is apparently Nematus salicum Ckll. (= salicis Ashm., not L., = salicicola D. T.)—T. D. A. COCKERELL. Mr. Wo. H. ASHMEAD, in “‘ Insect Life,’’ vol. vii, No. 1, p. 27, identifies a Hemerobius from Mississippi as H. humuli Walk.; then, accepting Hagen’s doubt as to its identity with the European species of that name, he calls the American specimens AH. gossypii Ash. But McLachlan, who completely reviewed Walker’s Hemerobidz from the types, says of H. humuli (Brit. Neurop. Plan., p. 181), “ North American specimens do not differ from the described European form.” So, if Mr. Ashmead’s species agrees with Walker’s form, 17. gossyfii is another addition to the already long list of synonyms of the common Hemerobius humuli. Cacilius mobilis Hagen, which was described from a damaged specimen from Cuba, is also recorded by Mr. Ashmead from Mississippi. I doubt if any- 1895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . 19 body without a complete collection of Cuban Psocidz could definitely identify this species from the imperfect description; and to record it from Mississippi I should say was pure guess-work.—NATHAN BANKs. TRANSLATION FROM PLINY, IN ANTIQUE ENGLISH. The silk-worm.— “They build their nests of earth or clay, close sticking to some stone or rock, in manner of salt; and withall so hard, that scarcely a man may - enter them with the point of a spear. In which they make also wax, but in more plenty than bees; and after that bring forth a greater worme than all the rest before rehearsed. These flies engender also after another sort namely, of a greater worme or grub, putting forth two hornes after that kind; and these be certain canker wormes. Then these grow afterwards to be Bombilii, and so forward to Necydali; of which in six months after come the silk-wormes Bombyces. It is commonly said, that in the Isle of Cos there will be certain silk-wormes engendered of flowers, which by means of river showers are beaten downe and fall from the cyprus tree, terebinth, oke and ash; and they soon after doe quicken and take life by the vapor arising out of the earth. And men say, that in the beginning they are like unto little butterflies, naked, but after awhile, being impa- tient of the cold, are overgrowne with hairs: and against the winter, arme themselves with good thick clothes; for being rough-footed, as they are, they gather all the cotton downe of the leaves which they can come by, for to make their fleece. After this they fal to beat, to felt and thicken it close with their feet, then to card it with their nailes; which done they draw it out at length, and hang it between branches of trees, and so kembe it in the end to make it thin and subtill. When al is brought to this passe, they enwrap and enfold themselves in a round bal and clew of the thread, and so nestle within it. They are then taken up by men, put in earthen pots, kept there warme, and nourished with bran, untill such time as they have wings according to their kind; and being thus well clad and appointed, they be let go to do other businesse.”’ THE SAvuva AntT.—Dr. Elliot Coues sends us the following extract from a letter which he recently receivéd from Dr. Alfred Alexander, of Minas- Geraes, Brazil, which is well worth publishing: At Capocabano on the sea-shore just outside of the city of Rio, we had a stable made of planks roughly put together. The Sauva, which were very numerous in the neighborhood, were accustomed to climb up the outside of this structure and to pass between the planks into the manger, whence they came out laden with grains of Indian corn. One day I watched them descending with their loads, and I observed that at a certain entering angle a solitary ant was stationed who had undertaken the duty of helping each separate comer to pass the difficult corner with his load. The Sauva are very destructive to the coffee trees and strip them of their leaves. This is an acquired habit, for in the wilder parts of the State of Minas (the Sertae) they touch neither coffee tgees nor Indian corn, probably preferring other plants. It is remarkable, however, that 20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, in the coffee plantations of the cultivated districts they spare the trees that grow in or near their nests. In this they are like foxes that abstain from molesting neighboring hen-roosts. A friend of mine, Commendador Pereira, of Rio, tells me that he once witnessed the formation of a living bridge of Sauva ants. The insects arrived at the edge of some running water with their load of leaves, which they deposited on the ground. They then formed a chain, ant holding on to ant, and while the individual at the lower end seized tightly a blade of grass, or some other object at the water’s edge, the rest allowed them- selves to be floated out by the stream. They were not at first long enough to reach the opposite side and were thus swept round again to the same bank lower down. Other ants now joined to lengthen the pontoon, and the same manceuvre was repeated some two or three times until the outer ant was enabled to obtain a hold on the opposite bank. The bridge con- structed, the workers passed over with their loads and then the pontoon- makers cast loose from the first bank and were carried by the current to the second, where, in their turn, they took up their loads and followed their companions. The ants that formed the bridge assumed oblique po- sitions and swam against the stream. I made a careful note of Pereira’s statement, but I have met with no other observer of the same fact. Asa general rule, the Sauva does not like water, and trees are sometimes pre- served from their attacks by surrounding them with a ditch. Nevertheless, Sr. Pereira is a trustworthy man. HAvING been connected with the Gipsy Moth Commission for the past season of 1894, perhaps some of the readers of the News, would like to know the routine of this gigantic work. Prof. Howard, the United States Entomologist, paid a visit in the Summer to Malden, the headquarters of the Agricultural Department Massachusetts Gipsy Moth Commission, and spent a day or so, looking over the work with some of the officials, and I see in ‘‘ Insect Life,’’ vol. vii, No. 2, he speaks of this work as “‘ one of the most remarkable pieces of work in economic entomology.” A terri- tory covering a space of about one hundred square miles is infested with the Gipsy (Ocneria dispar). Three hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars have already been appropriated, and nearly all spent. The confi- dence of the Massachusetts people seems to be doubtful, but any one knowing the fearful ravages that have been created by such a voracious caterpillar as the Gipsy, and seeing the work carried on as I have, cannot help but be most favorably impressed with the admirable manner in which the attack has been made upon this insect, and the grand results accom- plished. Sorry, indeed, will the people of the State be should they stop it, and it will be almo$t criminal upon the part of those having the legis- lative power, should they discontinue it, for the money already spent will be deliberately thrown away, and the Gipsy caterpillar will, in a few years, be beyond the control of the nation. It would soon be out of the State, and into all the, surrounding States, creating a havoc from which the peo- ple would not soon get over, for just as soon as the State drops this work ot Se ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 21 then provisions of all and every kind will be so high that the people will come upon the legislators for such a foolish thing as stopping a work which is in such a condition that it is under control, and if not extermi- nated, can be brought down to a condition where it can be handled by a small force of men. The infested territory is divided into three divisions or sections, each division has a superintendent, and he in turn has a force of men under him to cope with the work in his particular territory. He divides his men into gangs, with an inspector or foreman at its head. Over and above the whole is a manager or field director with an assistant, and in the busy caterpillar season they employ other men to oversee and report any neg- ligence of work by the inspector or men. There are some very funny and amusing features connected with it, and some of those contemptable anonymous letter writers. For my part, I have never known any one to write an anonymous letter to be other than a liar anda sneak. In the Winter and early Spring the men destroy the clusters of eggs with creasote and fire, when the larve appears they spray with poisoned solutions, Also place bands of burlap around and about the trees, and the men ex- “amine these every day and kill by hand the caterpillars which will con- gregate under them. This is done by means of very course bagging - cutting into strips and wound about the trunk of the tree like a bandage, about four or five feet from the ground, so you can readily see what a gigantic undertaking it is, but for all that, it has been and is being done most thoroughly. So how foolish for one day to stop this work because some people who do not know what insects are other than BUGS, and object to the public purse being drawn upon, and yet they, as a rule, _are the very ones who do not contribute one cent towards its support, and some of them draw very heavily upon it (the public purse) as so- called legislators.—H. G. Wuite, Malden, Mass. Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species _to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- ' portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III, Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. - Hntomological Literature. I. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA- _ DELPHIA, 1894.—A proposed classification of the fossorial Hymenoptera _of North America, W. J. Fox. 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, 2. Le NATuRALISTE. Paris, Nov. 1, 1894.—Habits and metamorphoses of Scolia hirta Schrank, Capt. Xambeu.—November 15th. Diagnoses of American Coleoptera, M. Allard. 3. ENTWICKELUNG DER RAUPENZEICHNUNG und Abhangigkeit der letzteren von der Farbe der Umgebung. Inauguraldissertation zur Er- langerung der philosophischen Doktorwiirde, etc. Universitat zu Kiel. Von Christoph Schréder. Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn, Marz, 1894. 7. pp., 1 pl. ; 4. BERICHTE DES NaTURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEREINES ZU REGENS- BURG, iv, 1894.—Architecture of the Phryganidz, Dr. O. Hofmann, 1 pl. 5. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SociETy OF LONDON, 1894, pt. iii, Oct. 1, 1894.—On the spiders of the island of St. Vincent ii, E. Simon. 6. REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NorD DELA FRANCE, vii, 1. Lille, October, 1894.—Remarks on the organization and comparative anatomy of the last segments of the bodies of the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera, A. Peytoureau, 7 pls., figs. 7. Compre RENDuv. L’ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. Paris, Nov. 5, 1894. —On the formation of new colonies in the lucifugous Termite ( Zermes lucifugus), J. Perez. Defense of the organism against parasites in insects, ; L. Cuenot.—November 12. Biological observations made on the wander- ing cricket (Schistocerca peregrina Oliv.) during the invasions of 1891, 1892 and 1893 in Algeria, repeated copulation, oviposition, J. K. d’Her- culais. On the swarms of Zermes lucifugus, J. Perez. 8. ACTES DE LA SOCIETE SCIENTIFIQUE DU CHILI, iv, 2. Santiago, Aug. 22, 1894.—The twentieth neotropical Aspidiotus, T. D. A. Cockerell. g. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipsic, Nov. 5, 1894. Some words to Dr. C. Hilger [on the abdomen of Coleoptera], C. Verhoeff. Anatomy of the venomous apparatus of the Ichneumonide, L. Bordas.—November 19. E. Schmidt’s labial palpi, Dr. N. Leon. A new developmental stage of Polydesmus, Dr. C. Verhoeff. 10, BOLETIN DE LA ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS EN CORDOBA, - xiii, 2. Buenos Aires, July, 1893.—Argentine tie Chironomide, F. L. Arribalzaga. II. JAHRBUCHER DES NASSAUISCHEN VEREINS FUR NATURKUNDE, XIvii. Wiesbaden, 1894.—Contributions to the biology of the Noctuz, W. Cas- pari 2nd. Biological notes on Acronycta ailni id. 12. THE CECROPIAN. (Monthly report of the Henry Edwards Ento- mological Chapter of the Agassiz Association.) Edited by the secretary [William L. W. Field]. Milton, Mass. Published by the Chapter, No- vember, 1894.—A list of butterflies captured at Hartford, Conn., S. N. Dunning. A list of butterflies of Guilford, New Haven County, Conn,, W. L. W. Fieid and D. G. Field. A list of the Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera hl ae ited |e ie oa Las _ Pt e- a 7 3 ¥- 3 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 23 of east, west and south Bridgewater, Mass., W. L. Tower. A partial list of Lepidoptera observed at Salem, Columbiana County, Ohio, M. L. Barker. Printed by a duplicating process. 13. A Text-Book oF INVERTEBRATE MORPHOLOGY by J. Playfair MeMurrich, M.A., Ph.D. Professor in the University of Michigan. New York, Henry Holt & Co., 1894, pp. viii, 661; 291 figs. Arachnida pp, 435-468. Tracheata pp. 469-530. 14. JENAISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURWISSENCHAFT, Xxix, I, Sept. 20, 1894.—Contributions to the phylogeny of the Arachnida: on the posi- tion of the Acarina; the so-called Malpighian vessels and the respiratory organs of the Arachnida, J. Wagner. 15. THE JOURNAL OF THE CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY, xvii, 3, October, 1894.—Studies of the development of Fidia viticida Walsh, with descriptions of one new genus and two new species of Hy- menoptera by W. H. Ashmead, F. M. Webster, 1 pl. The preparation and care of insect collections, C. Dury. 16. ARCHIVES DES SCIENCES PHYSIQUES ET NATURELLES (3), XXXii, Io. Geneva, Oct. 15, 1894.—Polymorphism and ergatomorphism of ants, Dr. A. Forel. 17. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s RECORD. London, Nov. 15, 1894.—Random notes on Zyg@na exulans and its varieties, J. W. Tutt. Portrait of the members of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society. 18. THE Kansas UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY, iii, 2._ Lawrence, Kans., October, 1894.--The prothorax-of butterflies, May H. Wellman, figs. American Platypezidz, W. A. Snow, 1 pl. 19. JOURNAL DE L’ANATOMIE ET DE LA PHYSIOLOGIE, xxx, 5. Paris, September-October, 1894.—Contribution to the study of the sub-intestinal nervous system of insects, A- Binet, 4 pls. _ 20. THE BRITISH NATURALIST. London, Nov. 15, 1894.—Some curious aquatic larve, G. Swainson, 1 pl. The sexual distinctions of insects, C. W. Dale. Synonymic list of the genera and species [of British Aran- eidea], with synonyms of the latter (cont.), Rev. F. O. Pickard-Cambridge. 21. THE AMERICAN MONTHLY MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL, xv, II. Washington, November, 1894.—Keys to the genera of Pediculidz and Mallophagidz, H. Osborn. 22. ARCHIVES DE ZOOLOGIE EXPERIMENTALE ET GENERALE (3). ii, 3. Paris, 1894.—Studies on the heart of some Orthoptera (preliminary com- munication), A. Kowalevsky. Preliminary note on the distribution of the sexes in the cells of the wasp, P. Marchal. 23. NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE WOCHENSCHRIFT. — Berlin, Nov. 25, ° 1894.—The protection of animals in nature, Dr. F. Kienitz-Gerloff, figs. 24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, 24. KNOWLEDGE. London, Dec. 1, 1894.—The glow-worm, E. Av Butler, figs. The industry of insects in relation to flowers, Rev. A. S. Wilson. The web of the garden spider, E. A. Butler, fig. 25. PsycHEe. Cambridge, Mass., December, 1894.—Convergence and poecilogony among insects, A. Giard (transl. from Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, by H. Osborn). A cone-like Cecidomyiid gall on Bigelovia, C. H. T. Townsend. Preparatory stages of Sphina- vashti Strecker, H. G. Dyar. A check-list of African Coccidz, T. D. A. Cockerell. Notes upon 7oxoneuron, W. H. Patton. Notes on the Orthoptera of Penikese and Cuttyhunk, A. P. Morse. 26. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, ii Brussels, 1894. The Melolonthide of the palzearctic and oriental regions in the Royal Museum of Natural History in Brussels, E. Brenske. 27. ANNALES of the same, Nov. 3, 1894.—Revision of the species of the genus Rhaphidorrhynchus Schoenherr, A. Senna. 28. THE ENtTomoLocist. London, December, 1894.—The North American species of /ugura, J. B. Smith. Ona Lecanium from Rochester, N. Y. (U. S. A.), considered identical with Z. juglandis Bonché, T. D. A. Cockerell. Notes on ‘‘assembling,” with some general remarks on the senses in Lepidoptera, J. Arkle. On Parnassius phebus (kab.) = delius (Esp.) and P. smintheus (Doubleday), J. Watson. Additions to the list of British Lepidoptera during the past ten years, Anon. 29. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAZINE. London, December, 1893.—The British species of the genus Psyche and its allies (cont.), C. G. Barrett. The new “nickel pin,’ H. G. Knaggs. 30. REPORTS OF OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS in the practical work of the Division, etc., U. S. Dep’t Agric. Div. Ent. Bull. No. 32. Washington, 1894.—Report on injurious insect in Nebraska andeadjoining districts, L. Bruner. Report on some injurious insects of California, D. W. Coquillett. Report of entomological work in Oregon and California; notes on Australian importations, A. Koebele. Report on the insects of Missouri for 1893, M. E. Murtfeldt. Insects of the season in Iowa in 1893, H. Osborn. Report on insects injurious to forest trees, A. S. Packard. 31. Insect Lire, vii, 2. Washington, October, 1894.—[Received at Philadelphia, Nov. 20, 1894]. Sixth annual meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists: A brief account of the rise and present condition of official economic entomology, L. O. Howard. Bisulphide of carbon as an insecticide, J. B. Smith. Report of committee on codpe- ration among station entomologists. Spraying without a pump—prelimi- nary notice, J. M. Aldrich. Notes on insecticides, C. L. Marlatt. Some observations on. new and old insecticides and their combination with fungicides, B. T. Galloway. Spraying with arsenites vs. bees, F. M. Webster. Economic entomological work in the parks of New York city, 2 =f 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25 E. B. Southwick. The wood leopard moth in the parks of New York city» id. Work in economic entomology at the University of Kansas for the _ season of 1894, F. H. Snow. Notes on some discoveries and observa- tions of the year in West Virginia, A. D. Hopkins. The eastern occur- rences of the San José scale, L. O. Howard. The San José scale in New _ Jersey, J. B. Smith. Mealy bugs and their allies, G. C. Davis. The pear- - tree Psylla in Maryland, C. L. Marlatt. Notes of the year in New Jersey, _ J. B. Smith. Special economic insects of the season, G. C. Davis. Ad- ditional notes on the strawberry weevil, its habits and remedies, F. H. Chittenden. Notes on the insects of north Idaho, J. M. Aldrich. Insects of the year, F. M. Webster. Notes from N. Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell. Some experience with mosquitoes, H. E. Weed. INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE. The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper was published ; * denotes new North American forms. THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Cuenot 4, MeMurrich 13, Dury 15, Binet 19, Dale 20, Kienitz-Gerloff 237 Wilson 24, Giard 25, Knaggs 29, Bruner 30, Coquillett 30, Koebele 30, Murtfeldt 30, Osborn 30, Packard 30, Howard 31, Smith 31 (two), Al- drich 31 (two), Marlatt 31, Galloway 31, Webster 31 (two), Southwick 31 Hopkins 31, Davis 31, Cockerell 31. : ARACHNIDA. _ Simon 5*, Wagner 14, Pickard-Cambridge 20, Butler 24. MYRIAPODA. . Verhoeff 9. ; ORTHOPTERA. - @Herculais 7, Kowalevsky 22, Morse 25. NEUROPTERA. Hofmann 4, Perez 7 (two), Osborn 21, Marlatt 31 (in paper on Psylla). HEMIPTERA. ai Peytoureau 6, Cockerell 8, 25, 28, Leon 9, Osborn 21, Snow 31, Howard __—s 31, Smith 31, Davis'31, Marlatt 31. COLEOPTERA. Allard 2*, Peytoureau 6, Verhoeff 9, Webster 15, Butler 24, Brenske 26, Senna 27*, Chittenden 31. DIPTERA. piiscialzagn 10, Snow 18*, Swainson 20, Townsend 25, Weed, 31. 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, LEPIDOPTERA. Schréder 3, Peytoureau 6, Caspari 11 (two), Dunning 12, Field & Field 12, Tower 12, Barker 12, Tutt 17, Wellman 18, Dyar 25, Smith 28, Arkle 28, Watson 28, Anon 28, Barrett 29, Southwick 31. HYMENOPTERA. Fox 1, Xambeu 2, Bordas 9, Webster 15, 31, Ashmead 15*, Forel 16, Marchal 22, Patton 25. Doings of Societies. PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 11, 1894. A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held this even- ing at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1509 S. Thirteenth Street. Members present: Messrs. Seeber, Dr. Castle, Johnson, E. Wenzel, ” Boerner, H. W. Wenzel, Fox and Schmitz. Honorary members: Prof. John B. Smith and Dr. Henry Skinner; visitor, Mr. C. H. Roberts. Meeting called to order at 9.30 P.M., vice-president Seeber presiding. Mr. Roberts read the introduction to his paper on the genus Dineufes, also exhibiting his collection of the same, together with a number of sketches illustrating some of their characteristics, stating that his collec- tion represented all the known species, also containing two new species, nigrior and hornit. In concluding this interesting communication he said the paper would be completed for publication very shortly. By request he also explained his method of collecting H/mis. He used for the purpose a piece of cheese cloth about 2 x 2 feet long, which is spread across the stream, two ends of the cloth being weighted down, then disturbing the bed of the stream a few feet above; this causes the Z/mis to cling to the cloth as they are washed down stream. To demonstrate the usefulness of this plan he stated where he had, on one occasion, in agitating a space © of about three feet, noticed that they accumulated so rapidly that they began to immediately wash off; he at one gathered up the cloth and began counting them; when his count reached about 700 specimens he tired and quit; this find occupied one and a half hours. Upon being questioned regarding the number of species in a find, he stated they generally repre- * sented from three to five. This was followed by a discussion as to the best method for freeing specimens from grease and retaining the color. It was generally conceded that first immersing them 1n hot water and then in gasoline had been generally found the most satisfactory. Mr. Fox made some remarks, accompanied : by black-board sketches, on the genus Crabro, on which he has been working, preparatory to monographing the species. Firstly, Crabro may be divided into two sec- tions or divisions, by the sculpture of the mesopleurz and the presence or absence of a crest or ridge on the epimerum mesopleuralis. In the first section the mesopleure are simply punctured and their epimerum cl tl —=7s* TL. 'NEws, vol. v, p. 18. . 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 27 never crested; while in the second section the mesopleurze are always more or less striated, and their epimerum distinctly crested. Ten groups constitute the first section, and are separated on the form of the first ab- dominal segment, position of ocelli, and shape of pygidium. The old genus Rhopalum \eads off with the first segment of abdomen petiolate and nodose at apex, followed by several groups, the form of their first segment grading into those groups in which the first segment is sessile with the second. The old genera, Blepharipus and Thyreopus, end the first section and show their relation to the second section by the presence of a small pointed prominence on the epimerum mesopleuralis at the same point where the crest is situated in the species of the second section. The ¢ antennz in this section offer excellent characters for separating the various groups, either being simply clavate, non-dentate, or the first four joints of flagellum are strongly dentate beneath; again the sixth joint of flagellum is deeply emarginate at base, and in one or two groups is in addition strongly produced at apex beneath. The fore tarsi of the male is frequently flattened and dilated, while in-other groups they are of the usual form. A number of the old species will be reduced to the synonymy, inasmuch as the sexes of one species have in several cases been described under different names, but this reduction will be more than equaled by the addition of the new species. No further business being presented the meeting adjourned to the annex for refresh- ments. THEO. H. Scumitz, Secretary. The Entornological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL-SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS. At a business meeting held Dec. 10, 1894, the following officers were elected to serve for the year 1895 : Director, G. H. Horn, M.D. Vice-Director, CHAS. S. WELLES. Recorder, HENRY SKINNER, M.D. Treasurer, EZRA T..CRESSON. Conservator, HENRY SKINNER, M.D. Publication Committee, Jas. H. Rrpines, C. W. JoHNSON. The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws: Biological Notes on Some Colorado Coleoptera.* By Cart F. Baker. In the following notes, unless otherwise stated, the locality is to be understood as Fort Collins. * From the fifth circulating report of the Say Memorial Chapter of the A. A. See Ent: - 28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, Fiippodamia convergens Guer. and H. sinuata Muls.—Parasitized indi- viduals of these species were found adhering to leaves of cabbage during the early part of September. A specimen of Zuphorus sculptus Cr. emerged from H. sinvata on September 20,"and from a H. convergens on September 28. ‘: Scymnus collaris Mels, (Det. through Riley)—Larve found among plant lice on Ocnothera biennis August 15, produced beetles September 10. Epilachna corrupta Muls.—The life-history, etc., of the ‘‘ Bean Beetle’’ has been quite fully discussed in Bull. 19 of the Colo. Exp. Station. Lima beans are scarcely touched, and some kinds of string beans are not in- jured nearly as much as others. On August 18, eggs, larve in all stages, pupz, and beetles, were found in great abundance. Hydnocera longicollis Zieg\. (Det. through Riley)—A specimen ap- peared during July in a breeding-cage containing galls of Auura s-nedus which had been collected early in the Spring. Lema trilineata Oliv.—Larve nearly mature were found in abundance on Physalis virginiana June 24. These pupated June 3e, the beetles emerging July 25. Saxinis omogera Lac. (Det. through Riley)—A number of cocoons of this species were found under a stone in the foot-hills west of Fort Collins May 20. They were attached to a little stick and looked like buds ona twig. The beetles emerged from June 8 to June 20. pox Chrysomela exclamationis Fab.—Larvze common in the involucres of flowers of Helianthus annuus July 24. Began pupating July 27. Beetles emerged September 7. Chrysomela flavomarginata Say.—Eggs were found on the dead stems of Artemisia dracunculoides early in the Spring. May 20the eggs hatched, the young larve feeding freely on the Artemisia. Attained imago state in July. Gastroidea dissimilis Say.— Eggs, and larve in all stages very common on Rumex crispus May 24. First pupzee appeared May 30, these giving imagos ten days later. Lina scripta Fab.—Larve abundant on young cottonwood sprouts June 29. Beetles began emerging July 11. Trirhabda convergens Lec.—Larve were taken on Bigelovia, June 18, at Dolores, by Prof. Gillette. These produced beetles by July 5. Galeruca marginella Kirby. (Det. through Riley)—-Larve mining in leaves of Chenopodium June 20. Pupated, giving beetles on July 5 Microrhopala vittata Fab.—A very common beetle in this locality. Larvz mine leave of Solidago. May 10 were copulating and depositing eggs. By July 2 patches of the So/idago looked white and dead. Beetles began emerging July rg. Cassida nigripes Oliv. (Det. through Riley)—Larve on Convolvulus sepium July 2. Pupated July 9, the beetles emerging July 19. From a pupa a Zachina larva emerged and pupated July 12, the fly appearing July 19. © « 1895. ] -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 29 Bruchus fraterculus Horn, (Det. through Riley)—In 1892 a large pro- portion of the seeds of Glycyrrhiza lepidota in many localities were in- fested by these beetles. On June 6 many beetles made their appearance, _ There also appeared numerous specimens of three parasites: Bracon aanthostigma Cr., Eurytoma sp., and a Pleromalid. Mordellistena morula Lec. (Det. through Riley)—Laave very common _ during Winter in stems of /va xanthifolia. Sterns gathered April 14 con- _ tained pupz. Beetles emerged May 9g to June g, and with them numerous specimens of Cremastus mordellistene Ashm. mss., and Tetrastichus sp. Anthonomus elongatus Lec. (Det. through Riley)—Bred from a very curious polythalamous twig gall on Bige/ovia, collected at Dolores, June 19 by Prof. Gillette. Beetles appeared July 19. Probably inquilinous in the galls. A large number of parasites of four species were also obtained. Anthonomus scutellaris Lec.—Reared in considerable numbers from wild plums, the beetles emerging September 3. Anthonomus sguamosus Lec.—Larve common in heads of Grindelia sqguarrosa during last of September, beetles emerging during first of Oct. The parasitica mentioned in the above notes were determined ; by Mr. Ashmead. oO A NEW PHAGOPTERA FROM MEXICO. 3 By W. ScHAus. Phzgoptera masoni sp. nov.—Antennz black. Head, collar and thorax orange; a black spot anteriorly on the patagie. Abdomen orange; un- derneath with a lateral and some transverse black bands. Primaries above orange; at the base a large, light gray space, crossed by black veins and containing on the costal margin an orange spot edged with black; a broad, median gray band bordered on either side with black and crossed by black veins; at the end of the cell a broad gray spot extending to the costal margin, and also edged and streaked with black; the outer ‘margin very broadly yellowish, with the veins black. Underneath yellow, with all the markings black instead of gray, and a submarginal black shade. Secondaries above and below orange-yellow. Exp. 70 mm. Hlab.—Jalapa, Mexico. In the collection of Mr. J. T. Mason, after tenn I name this fine species. Dp. vv A NEW TACHINID WITH REMARKABLE ANTENNA. By S. W. WILuisTon, M.D. Some years ago* I described, under the name TZa/arocera (which Brauer and Bergenstamm persist in calling Za/acrocera), * Entom. Amer. vol. iii, p. 151. 30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, a genus of South American Tachinidee with remarkably developed antenne in the male. Very recently I have received from Prof. Aldrich, who is so favorably known for his excellent work in Diptera, a number of speci- mens belonging to another genus of the same family, the males of which have antennz quite as remarkable as those Dichocera lyrata Will. _ Male antennz from in front. uy o Dichocera lyrata—Head of male. of Zalarocera. c = x 1895. | pact cere acti NEW 3 I can find no reference to such a structure as is described and figured herewith, and am constrained to regard the specimens as representatives of a new and peculiar genus. Its nearest ally among the described forms seems to be Nemorea, from which, however, the female will be at once distinguished by the much elongated row of frontal bristles and the peculiarly light colored antennz. It is difficult to describe the structure of the male an- tenn in brief language, and I will therefore refer the reader to the figures here given; which have been carefully made. The first two joints are very short, while the third is extraordinarily elongated and split near the base into two nearly equal divisions, the inner one of which is straight and dilated at its tip into a boot-like extremity. The outer branch arises from in front of the base, and is curved outward and then inward, the slightly everted extremity resting upon the toe of the boot. Altogether, the figure shown in front view is not unlike that of alyre. The arista is attached to the inner branch near its origin, and is very distinctly jointed. The light yellow color of the antenne adds to their peculiar appearance. What the function of such a remarkably developed sexual peculiarity is I cannot conjecture. It is in this family, as a whole, that we find the most highly specialized antenne, and frequently the male antenne are different from those of the female. Ina few instances I have observed the males when at rest alternately raising and depressing the antennz with a see-sawing motion. Aside from the antennze, the structural characters of this fly are as follows: Dichocera gen. nov. <¢’.—Front broad, gently and evenly convex; on either side a row of frontal bristles, which extend down on the sides of the face to opposite the lower margin of the eyes. Two orbital, proclinate bristles present. Eyes oval, their length equal to only a little more than one-half the height of the head; clothed with moderately long, not abun- dant pile. Face much receding; median excavation broad; sides of the face narrow, bare, except for the row of descending frontal bristles. Cheeks very broad, hairy; near the front part with a vertical row of bristles a little removed from the facial margin. Vibrissal bristles situated almost immediately upon the oral margin. Occipital orbits narrow, with a row of rather small bristles upon the upper half. Palpi slender, slightly thick- ened at the extremity. Abdomen oval and convex; second segment with a pair of marginal bristles, the third with both marginal and discal bristles. Claws and pulvilli small; first posterior cell narrow and narrowly open, the apical cross-vein oblique, terminating a little distance before the tip 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, of the wing; the distance from the posterior cross-vein to the angle is not more than a fourth or a fifth of the length of the vein between the cross= veins; angle with a stump of a vein. Q.—In the female the face is less retreating, the sides are broader, the fovea narrower, the vibrissz are situated a little distance above the oral margin, the eyes are more sparsely pilose, and the front tarsi are flattened. The two orbital bristles are present, as in the male. The antennz reach a little below the middle of the face; the third joint is four or five times the length of the second joint, of nearly equal width throughout, and obtusely pointed at the tip. In some specimens the third antennal joint — shows a slight projection near the proximal end in front, as though corre- sponding to a rudiment of the elongated process of the male. The first two joints of the arista are shorter than in the’male, and of nearly equal length. Dichocera lyrata n. sp. ¢' 2 —Black; the sides of the front and face, and the narrow inferior orbits gray Santlieesoe: but variable in different reflec- tions, the shining black ground color showing through. Frontal stripe broad, reddish or brownish; cheeks black, not shining, in some reflections showing a brownish pruinosity; clothed with black hairs; near the front part with a vertical row of bristles not far from the facial margin. An- tennz wholly light reddish yellow. Palpi reddish yellow; occiput gray pollinose, clothed with abundant light gray hair. Mesonotum gray polli- nose, but variable in different reflections, leaving four distinct, shining black stripes. Scutellum gray pollinose, variable, the apex slightly red- dish; its margins with four long bristles. Abdomen shining black, the anterior part of each segment broadly gray pollinose, but very variable in different reflections; distal part of the fourth segment, sometimes nearly all of itand the hypopygium, yellowish red. Tegulz nearly white. Wings grayish hyaline. Legs wholly black, the middle and hind tibize igi stout, irregular bristles on the outer side. Length 9-10 mm. Nineteen specimens (4%, 159), Idaho, Prof. J. M. Aldrich, June and November. ETO Ty CSA RED OBITUARY. FEeLix LYNCH ARRIBALZAGA, the Argentine dipterologist, died on April Io, 1894. Ep. G. HonrATH, on April 19, 1894, in Gross-Lichterfelde near Berlin. Born in Coblenz, Aug. 11, 1837, and was a well-known Lepidopterist. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws for December, 1894, was mailed December 1, 1894. “ANOWYVH MAN LV S3WOH S:AVS vy ¥ meagre crs gone 1 ITY ae iy poate pans ” Sn . - ee ~ - —— a Speer ane ey oe ae ee os : > eid s Aa we tas - oe — i - i cai. fb = ? ; re uJ EEA ~ ie ‘i oe a i ~- AA: x : = 3B : vas ~ on Ne ei 7 : od s a : . oF og r i oe ~-4 _ ae ’ ¥ ee ——S ; 4 4 : Gee x / ee ; % a eee j 7 ° . . oe im Kase | ~~ ¢ - a a ‘TA ‘TOA ‘SAIN “LNG Pa re WL. No. 2. Pompilus maric Cress. (Enlarged). FEBRUARY, 1895. EDITOR: ___. HENRY SKINNER, M.D. . PHU IP P.. CALVERT, Associate Editor. CHARLEs A. BLAKE. CHARLES LIEBECK. Ezra T. Constant. Rev. Henry C. McCook, D.D. ee PHILADELPHIA: . ENTOMOLOGICAL Rooms OF THE. ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. 1895. Entered at the Philadelphia Post Office as Second Class Matter Entomological News published monthly, excepting July and August, in charge of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. . Annual subscription $1.00, in advance, (Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20) Advertising Rates: 30 cents per square inch, single insertion; a liberal discount on longer insertions. No advertisement taken for less than 60 cents. Cash in advance. ge All remittances should be addressed to E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. BACK VOLUMES. . Those who have not a complete set of Entomological News should obtain the wanting volumes now, especially of volumes 1 and 2. The prices are: Volume I (1890), $1.50; II (1891), $2.00; III (1892), IV (1893) and V (1894), each $1.00 per copy. Address: E. Ts CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. Entomological Publications. Classification of Coleoptera of North America, by Drs. LeConte and Horn, 567 pp. 1883. . $2.50 List of Coleoptera of America N. of Wesion by S: Helishiee 1885 . 1.25 Synopsis of Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico, by E. T. Cresson. Part I, Families and Genera; Part II, Catalogue of Spe- cies and Bibliography, 1887. 3.00 Check List of Lepidoptera of Boreal ‘Am. ‘by Prof, I. B. Smith, rapa 1.00 Horn (Dr. G. H.)—Revision of the Téiebribuldie of America North of Mexico, 152 pp. 2 pl. 4to . > . 6.00 LeConte & Horn.—Rhynchophora of N. Auworied, den oan 1876 +9" 8.00 Seudder (S. H.)—The Life of a Butterfly, 182 pp., 4 pls... 1.00 * Guide to Commoner Butterflies of North. U. S. and Canada, ae ons 1.25 Banks (N.)—Synopsis, Catalogue and Bibliography of the Neuropteroid Insects of temperate N. Am.; 1892, 47 pp., cuts . -50 Calvert (P. P.)—Catalogue of Odonata of Philadelphia, vith sardine tion to the study of the group; 1893, 124 pp., 2 pls. % 1.00 Smith (J. B.)—Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Superfamily Noctuidee found in Boreal America (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893) 424 pp., 8vo. 2.50 —— Descriptions of new genera and eee of sik American) Noctu- ide; 1894, 50pp.,6pl. . ; 75 Neumoegen and Dyar.—A Lrelinninidened revision of the Pepidop- terous family Notodontide, 1894, 30 pp. ‘ : : : .50 Price-Lists of other entomological papers may be had on application. The above sent on receipt of price by E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS “PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VI. FEBRUARY, 1895. No. 2. CONTENTS: Webster—Thomas Say .......-.eeeeees 33 | Economic Entomology........:.2+6+) 46 Ottolengui—Aberration, variety, race Notes and News... .....s.sscsceeeoss 47 DPEMG TS oe sv bikes a ineatewekals.eb . 34 | Entomological Literature ............. 49 Dyar—Relationship of Pyralidze and Doings.of Societies iin iti eis. Oe 58 Pterophoride from the larva...... 38 | Entomological Section. ...........-.065 60 Hulst—North American Geometrina in Cockerell—Descriptions of new Hy- | . European collections.............. 40 menoptera........ Er US ES Peer 60. ME ata wind ain Hedin's nn doiaq ome 45 THOMAS SAY.—II. By Prof. F. M. WrEBsTER, Wooster, Ohio. In 1824, Mr. Robert Owen purchased the lands belonging to the Harmonists, a communistic religious association that had migrated from Butler County, Pennsylvania, in 1815, and under the leadership of George Rapp, founded the village of New Harmony, and were known as Harmonists or Rappites. The _ village was already established when Messrs. Owen and Maclure, accompanied by Thomas Say, moved there too in 1825. The resident buildings that had been erected by Rapp and his fol- lowers have many of them ceased to exist, in 1889, only two being recognizable by their quaint, German architecture, one of them, very fortunately, being the one occupied by Say and his wife Lucy, before they moved into the Maclure house, in which Say died. The building is shown as it appeared a few years ago, —— but since that time it too has been remodeled and rebuilt, and is _ not now recognizable. The engraving, however, shows it as __when occupied by Say, except that it had once been reshingled. Our knowledge of the daily life of Mr. and Mrs. Say is exceed- ingly fragmentary, the oldest inhabitants now only remembering 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, them as middle-aged people, when they were themselves very young. How long they occupied this house I have been unable to learn; quite likely until the health of the naturalist made a removal either more convenient or necessary, and it is probable that within its walls much of the work in preparing his third volume of American Entomology was accemplished, as well as much of his work on American Conchology, six numbers of which were printed at New Harmony prior to his death. In habits he appeared to have here carried his abstinence to excess, and allowed himself only so much and no better food than nature absolutely demanded to sustain life, while taxing himself with labors entirely out of proportion to his state of health and the nature and quantity of his food. Besides his work in the two branches of Natural History, Entomology and Conchology, he was the resident agent of the whole property of the settlement, and as before always ready to give his time and energy to aid such as chose to ask him for his services. Entomologists will here find the causes for his overlooking several species of insects, or at least not mentioning them, though they must have occurred abundantly at the time of his residence in New Harmony, and within a few miles thereof. People now living, who knew him in those days remember him as a mild, unassuming, lovable man, whom to meet was to respect, for his name was synonymous with honor, and his word always the expression of truth. His wife is remembered as a very amiable lady, scrupulously neat in all that pertained to herself or her household, though somewhat given to complaining. oO ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM. By Dr. RODRIGUES OTTOLENGUI. (Continued from page 11, vol. vi, Ent. News.) Prof. A. R. Grote writes: The exact limits between ‘‘ Varie- ties,’ ‘‘ Forms,’’ ‘‘ Aberrations,’’ have not been absolutely de- fined. These terms, together with ‘‘ Dimorphic forms,”’ “‘ Spe- cies Darwiniane,’’ have been employed to designate more or less constant or extensive variation from the type. ‘‘Race’’ and ‘Form’? seem used in the same sense, and are terms applied to variations dependent on locality, the whole species as there oc- curring, showing some departure from the type. Variation in color or marking when occurring among the typical examples is 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35 variety, and varieties should receive a Latin name. For instance, Agrotis wilsoni occurs in a typical olive-gray variety, and in a red variety (var. specialis). It does not matter that intermediary examples exist. The terms must be employed in order to desig- nate properly the variety. It is the property of varieties that they intergrade, ‘of species that they do not pass into one another. So with Agrotis tessellata. Prof. Lintner once showed me a box full of ¢essed/ata. A certain proportion were my variety afropur- purea. These could be at once picked out and the varietal name is vindicated by the fact. The detection of varieties worthy of the name, is a matter of the tact and experience of the lepidop- terist. Cases of small and individual variation should not receive a name. If one is given it should be relegated into the synonymy. An aberration is an occasional strong divergence, and to re- ceive a name must at least be a remarkable one. The limit be- tween aberration and variety is not clear. Some entomologists only recognize as valid varieties such as they have themselves. named. The varieties of other authors they consider synonyms. Staudinger’s catalogue attempts a classification of variation. The whole subject of variation is now engaging the attention of lepidopterists in England, and the works there being pub- lished by Mr. J. W. Tutt should be attentively studied by Amer- ican lepidopterists. The subject is one not finally or fully under- stood, hence what you have to say will possess a great interest. I may say, in conclusion, that only by breeding from the egg wil] the true forms appear, and thus the matter may be decided whether a debatable form is a species or a variety. Mr. Dyar says: I understood by a variety an example of a species differing from the normal form. In the special sense it is a group of individuals like each other, but of less than specified rank. The variety may (a) intergrade with the normal form, or (6) it may not. In the latter case it is either an aberration, di- morphic form, or a local race. An aberration is a variety that occurs in a single instance or very rarely. I understood ‘‘form’’ to be a general term covering “‘ variety,’’ but not necessarily less _than specified rank. I would always name a dimorphic form or alocal race. The practice of naming intergrading varieties can So easily be carried to extremes that I do not like to advise it. As to aberration when distinct and of quite different appearance 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, from the normal form a name may be desirable, but on the whole I do not like the practice. I would never name a ‘‘form’’ as such. If possible decide whether it is a (1) species, (2) dimor- phic form, (3) race, (4) intergrading variety, or (5) aberration; (named in the order of importance). From a simple specimen it would be impossible to tell to what rank to assign it, except by analogy with other species in the genus. If it comes from a lo- cality where the normal form was known it could not be a race; the exact location could only be determined by breeding. Mr. B. Neumoegen replies as follows: This is in reply to queries about variety, form, and aberration. The true sequence should be—1st, what you call form; 2d, aberration; 3d, variety or va- riation. There is no such thing to my knowledge as “ form;”’ you probably mean “‘ race’’ by it. In our (Neumoegen and Dyar) preliminary revision of the Bombyces of N. A. (Journal of N. Y. Entomological Society) we say ‘‘ Local forms breeding true to type, but differing in no great _extent from the ground form are classed as races, whether con- nected by intergrading forms in the intermediate territory or not. Since the difference between the local race, or local species may be a matter of degree only.’’ The forms are placed according to our present judgment, and may be differently classed by other authors. We recognize seasonal, dimorphic forms, in a few in- stances. All the varieties referred to by us, are supposed to inhabit the same territory as the typical form, and not to breed true to type. We have not considered aberrations as distinct from varieties. This will give you the key to the question, and I therefore answer, — First comes the ground form, or the typical insect. Second the race, being a local form, differing in no great ex- tent from the ground form. Third the aberration, totally varying in appearance from the ground form, but not denying the main typical characters, and to be found only in single or very few specimens at any time or place. eae Fourth, the variety, which is not breeding true to type and varies in appearance, but which remains true in this appearance in any number or quantity of insects, and shows conclusively that varieties are the precursors of coming species. They are 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37 the faithful agentsof evolution and the future student who may take up the difficult task, by aid of fossils, of trying to explore the original species may be able to find out how many varieties have formed into good species, in the course of centuries. Dr. Henry Skinner writes thus: Your questions are great puz- zles, and have been agitating the scientific mind for years, and volumes have been written on the subject, and yet nothing defi- nite or fixed has been accomplished. I doubt whether absolute definitions can be given for the terms you mention as the whole thing is one of individual opinion. Of course you do not expect me to write a treatise on the subject, and I will give you my ideas in a very brief way. The three terms are gradational, and represent individuals, more or less removed from the specific form. The greatest de- viation in structure is a monstrosity. The next farthest removed is an aberration, the next a form and the least removed a variety, I would define an aberration as a well-marked deviation, occurring at rare intervals such as Vanessa antiopa lintner7. 1 think the word form should be limited to well-marked deviations which are either sexual, seasonal or geographical; as illustrations of the sexual class I would cite Papilio glaucus, and the white forms of Colias. Of the seasonal the forms of Papilio ajax; of the geographical, the female insular forms of Pafzlios found in the East India islands, etc. ‘Under the head of varieties I would put the least deviations or those not comprised in the first two classes. : In regard to the other question I think it would be best not to name varieties when there is no question as to what the species is. Prof. Packard replies: A variety is usually regarded as an in- cipient species not yet fixed, but varieties are of different value in different groups and species. The word form, is a general one, to denote a species or variety, or even a genus. An aber- ration is an abnormal specimen not generally subject to heredity; it is a sport. I should not give a name to either of these if I could possibly help it, but a name may be given to a variety if it is a local or climatic one, such as appear year after year in one place. Under such circumstances it is well to give a name, a local one. But one should try to keep synonyms down, not multiply scientific names, as they are a grievous burden to science. 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, Many are repelled from the study on account of the burdensome nomenclature. | One would have to use his judgment in deciding what is a new variety, form or aberration. A beginner or an amateur should not publish new names without using great care, or feeling sure he is correct. Skill in detecting varieties, etc., comes with expe- rience, and the best of all make mistakes. I think careful, con- servative views should prevail, and I hope you will inculcate these virtues in young students; and I think it much better for them to give their time to studying the habits, structure and transfor- mation of insects than to collecting and describing supposed new species. * e * * * * * Thus we find that quite a diversity of opinion exists among well known students, and I can scarcely hope that my own views will be convincing, though it would be very good if some definite meaning could be assigned to what, after all, would strike the beginner as being elementary terms. In looking over the above letters the point that seems most worthy of discussion is that relating to intergrades. Dr. Hulst describes Variety thus: ‘‘ Forms distinct, but inter- grading more or less in any locality.’’ Prof. Smith says that a variety does not breed true, but occurs in reasonable proportion independently of season or locality. Then he continues: ‘‘It is to be understood also that there is no regular succession of intermediate forms between this variety and the usual form. ‘Where a range of intermediate forms exists I would not consider the extreme entitled to a name.”’ é (To be continued.) fa’ Vv Relationship of Pyralide and Pterophoride from the Larva. By Harrison G. Dyar. In connection with the controversy on these groups, started by Mr. Tutt, I would like to present to the readers of the NEws an outline of a system of classification based on the larve. This will be presented more fully elsewhere, but in this place its bear- ing on the relationships of the Pyralide and Pterophoride may be of interest. Accepting Prof. J. H. Comstock’s division of the Lepidoptera 1895.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 39 into the suborders Jugate and Frenatz, I would divide the latter into six superfamilies on the arrangement of the tubercles of the larve In response to a tendency for these tubercles to be ar- ranged in a single transverse row, tubercles iv and v have become consolidated into one in the first three superfamilies, and later tubercles i and ii have been likewise united, or else tubercle ii disappears. . In the three highest families the tubercles have tended to form two alternating rows. According to these char- acters the superfamilies separate as follows : Tubercles iv and v approximate or consolidated. Tuberclesiandiiremote .. . . . . . . MICROLEPIDOPTERA. Tubercles iandiiconsolidated . . . . . . . . ANTHROCERINA. Tubercles i and ii remote, ii disappearing at the first moult. BomBYCINA. Tubercles iv and v remote. Tubercle iv behind the spiracle, v belowit . . . . . . NOCTUINA. Tubercle iv below, vin front of spiracle . .. . . . . SPHINGINA. Tubercles iv and v in line, except in some Nymphalidz, where secon- dary armor is developed .... . . . . . RHOPALOCERA. The MricROLEPIDOPTERA include the Psychide, Cosside, Py- ralidz, Tortricidz, Sesiide, Tineide and Lacosomide; the ANn- THROCERINA the Pterophoride, Anthroceride, Pyromorphide, Megalopygide and Eucleridz; the Bompycina the Citheroniide, Hemileucide,* Saturniidz* and Bombycide; the Nocturna the Notodontide, Thyatiridze, Geometridae, Drepanidz, Agaristide, Noctuidz, Cymbidz, Lithosiidz, Pericopide, Arctiidae, Euchro- miidze and Lymantriide, and perhaps also the Thyridz, Diop- tide, Brephidze and Lasiocampidze} ; the SPHINGINA the Sphin- gidz, and the RHOPALOCERA the families usually associated under that term. Thus, from the larval characters which I use, the Pyralidz and Pterophoridz are placed in two separate, but closely allied super- families. I see no reason for giving the families the superfamily ending as has been done recently. I regret that I have not seen the larva of Orneodes, so I cannot throw any light on the posi- tion of the family it represents. However, if Dr. Hulst had read carefully Dr. Chapman’s really good articles (to which Mr. Tutt refers) I think he would appreciate better the force of the argu- * Not in the sense used by Prof. Smith. My classification corresponds more nearly with that of Grote’s Check List 1882. } These I have not examined sufficiently. The Lasiocampide will probably form another superfamily. 40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, ment from the hooks on the prolegs. The character referred to is supposed by Dr. Chapman to offer a positive diagnosis between micro- and macro-heterocera (7 e. the complete ring of hooks is characteristic of the Microlepidoptera as here set forth). As a matter of fact, there are certain exceptions* which vitiate Dr. Chapman’s generalization, though it is certainly true in the great majority of instances. Science is cosmopolitan, and it must appear that Dr. Hulst has allowed himself to be carried too far by his enthusiastic Ameri- canism. on Vv NOTES ON TYPES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRINA IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS.—III. By Gro. D. Hutsrt. (Continued from page 15, vol. vi, ENT. News) The type of Endropia warneri Grt. is in the Museum. It is not an exact counterpart of &. apiciaria Pack., though the same species. The outer line is more bent than in £. apiciaria, and it thus makes an approach towards £. hypochraria H.-Sch. Endropia astylusaria Wik. 152, &. madusaria Wik. 153, £&. oponearia Wik. 153, £. tiviaria Wik. 250, are the same. In this case, as in the most of others to which I make reference in these notes, there may be much variation of appearance. The synonymy, as I express it, is intended to be my view of specific relation only. Mr. Warren puts £. vinulentaria G. & R. as a synonym, but with this opinion I do not agree. Endropia tigrinaria Gn. i, 149, &. propriaria Wik. 249, are the same as &. obtusaria Hbn. I believe Clysia decisaria Wik. 47, is the same also. Endropia deductaria W\k. 151, is asynonym of £. pectinaria Den. & Schif. Endropia effectaria W\k. 1504, is a good species. _ * Probole amicaria H.-Sch. will have the following standing under it: P. alienaria H.-Sch., Hyperetis nyssaria Gn. i, 118, exsinuaria Gn. i, 118, H. persinuaria Gn. i, 119, 1. tmsinuaria Gn. i, 119, Macaria laticincta W\k. 885, Azelina neonaria Wik. 186, Selenia esionaria Wik. 183, and Hyperitis nepiasaria W\k. * Some ‘Py ralidze have the circle le of hooks incomplete, The Drepanidz have a complete circle, but the outer half is different from the inner (secondary ?). 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 4I 146. The latter is a very distinct variety, but not entitled to specific rank. Mr. Warren, without knowledge of the types, places Eudyja quernaria A. & S., Synopsia phigaliaria Gn. i, 225, Eubyja cupidaria Grt.,-E. mexicanaria Grt. and 2. penulataria Gtt., as one species, which is rather wild, to say the least. Phigadz- aria Gn. and penulataria Grt. are the same, but are very dis- tinct from guernaria. Cupidaria and mexicanaria are also dis- tinct from jthat species, and from each other. Indeed, in my opinion, these species are not all congeneric. The type of Biston virginarius Grt. is in the Museum. It is unspread, but is a fresh specimen. I could not well examine it under the circumstances. It is much like B. ursarius Wik. 304, but the outer whitish band on the fore wings is broken, and the outer line is strongly dentate. Amphidasys ereieh WIk. 307, is a synonym of Audbyja cog- nataria Gn. Phigalia revocata Wik. 1527, is the same as Phigalia striga- Zaria Minot. I have no doubt but they are the same as Phalena Geometra titea Cram. I agree with Dr. Packard in his reference of the Boarminz of Guenée and Walker. Soarmia humaria Gn. has as synonyms B. defectaria Gn. i, 247, B. intraria Gn., B. moniaria Wik. 345, B. ephyraria Wik. 349, Phibalapteryx erosiata Wik. 1718, B. albigenaria Wik. 348, B. illaudata Wik. 397, B. transfixaria Wik. 347, and 7ephrina expressaria Wik. 1657. I have in my notes also Anisodes ? intractaria, but I have a suspicion I may have made an error. Tephrosia occiduaria Gn. i, 266, Boarmia signaria Wik. 346, Tephrosia spatiosaria Wik. 403, B. intrataria Wik. 403, and Tephrosia abraxaria Wik. 403, are the same as B. crepuscularia,; abraxaria is quite a distinct variety, and has been described by me as fernaldaria. Boarmia cineraria Wik., 488 is another synonym. Boarmia sublunaria Gn. i, 248, frugaliaria Gn. i, 246, B. col- tecta Wik. 397, and B. fraudulentaria Zell., are B. pampinaria Gn. i, 245. Boarmia indicataria Wik. 346, B. filaria Wik. 347, and ZB: polygrammaria Pack. are the same. 42 - ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ February, Boarmia gnopharia Gn. i, 251, is the same as B. umbrosaria Hbn., 2. porcellaria Ab. & Gn. is almost surely the same. Acidalia sparsar.a W\k. 1596, is one with Boarmia psilogram- maria Zell. Here is one instance where Walker is right, and Zeller wrong, as the insect is an Ac?dalia, and has no affinity with Boarmia. A type of Boarmia plumosaria Pack. is in the Museum. It is beyond doubt a synonym of /arvaria Gn. The antenne are somewhat deceptive in appearance. The ends are broken off, the pectinations are spread out, so they appear lengthily plumose to the end. But it is not the same species figured and described by. Packard under this name, nor is it the same as the type in the Cambridge Museum. Boamria signataria Wlk. 350, Zé ophrosia imperfectaria Wik. 407, and a specimen marked 7. contribuaria are one with Teph- rosia canadaria Gn. i, 263. Boarmia imitata Wik. 395, is Tephrosia californiaria Pack. Aspilates acidaliaria W\k. 1684, and Aspilates infixaria Wik. 1685, are the same as 7ephrosia cognataria Hbn. Tephrosia submuraria W\k. 406, is a synonym of 7. anticaria Wilk. 404. Boarmia intextata Wik. 398 is, I think, the same, and has priority. _ Cidaria albifusata Wik. 1728 is a synonym of Larentia ? ex- ornata Wik. 1187. Aspilates canosaria Wik. 1674, with pulchraria Minot, is a synonym of Exdropia semiclusaria W\k. 1501. Anisopteryx restituens Wik. 1697, is the same as A. pometaria Harr. Anisopteryx sericeiferata W\k. is the same as Paleacrita ver- nata Peck. Melanippe reciprocata W\k. 1294, is a synonym of Odezia al- bovittata Gn. ii, 520. Aspilates ? ordinaria W\k. 1068, is the same as Lozogrammea , extremaria Wik. 984. Cidaria? gibbocostata Wik. 1388, and Larentia costinotata WIk. 1701, are the sarne as Marmopteryx strigularia Minot. Aspilates intermicata Wik. 1076, is the same as A. pervaria Pack. The type of var. zzterminaria Grt. is in the Museum. Corycia hexaspilata Wik. sup. 1653, is a synonym of Hefero- phleps triguttata H.-Sch. 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 43 Macaria? refusata Wik. 891, is the same as Heterophleps harveyata Pack. and antedates it. Scotosia hesitata Gn. ii, 444, S. tmpanperata Wik. 1363, and Philereme albosignata Pack. are one species. 5 A MSS. species, type in the Museum, Scotosia differens Warr. is Triphosa indubitata Grt. If it be applied to the melanic and suffused form it is then a synonym of 7: pustularia Hy. Edw. This is the insect identified by Walker as Scofosta affirmaria Gn. Can. Nat. v, 264. It is very like that species, but different. _ A specimen of Oferophtera bruceata Hulst, has on it a label, Antsopteryx remota Pack. Iam not aware that Dr. Packard ever described a species by that name. _ Lobophora fuscifasciata Wik. 1258, Larentia longipennis Wik. sup. 1671, Scotosia lobophorata Wik. 1347, are the same as Lodo- phora anguilineata Grt. Mr. Warren joins as the same species, L. vernata Pack. and I incline to the belief that he is right. Lobophora atroliturata W\k. 1710, is the same as L. geminata Wik. Lobophora ? nivigerata W\k. 1259, is a dark form of ZL. ime- guatiata Pack. Phibalapteryx impleta Wik. sup. 1683, and P. indoctrinata WIk. 1722 are synonyms of P. intestinata Gn. ii, 432. Cidaria luscinata Zell. is the same as Phibalapteryx latirupta WIk. 1684. Cidaria ? frigidata Wik. 1729, Larentia? renunciata Wik. 1187, and Ypsipetes pluviata Gn. ii, 378, are synonyms of ¢rifas- ciata. Mr. Moffat tells me Cleora divisaria Wlk. 489, is the same species. Melanippe gratulata Wik. 1273, is M. brunneiciliata Pack. and has priority. Petrophora truncata var. thingvallata, described, I think, by Stephens, is the insect afterwards described by me as Cleora atrifasciata. The Museum specimens are very much smaller than mine, expanding scarcely one-half as much. Larentia flamifera Wik. 1184, is Larentia hersiliata Gn. Larenta cerivinifascia Wik. 1184, is a variety of populata. It is very close in appearance to the variety comma-notata Haw. Cidaria remotata Wik. 1388, C. molliculata Wik. 1390, C. pro- pulsata Wik. 1389, and Pelurga similis Wik. 1425, are all forms of the same species, the American fopulata, called by Prof. 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, Lintner packardata. The variations are very wide, but are all shown in the set of Aopulata in the British Museum. Cidaria explanata Wik. 1422, and C. cunigerata Wik. 1726, are, I think, the same species. In C. exp/anata the central band is nearly unbroken. (To be continued. ) THE typographer-beetle, Bostrichus typographus, is so called on ac- count of a fancied resemblance between the paths it erodes and letters. . This insect bores into the fir and feeds upon the soft inner bark; and in such vast numbers that 80,000 are sometimes found in a single tree. The ravages of this insect have long been known in Germany under the name of Wurm troekniss—decay caused by worms; and in the old liturgies of that country the animal itself is formally mentioned under its common appellation, Zhe Turk. About the year 1465, this pest was particularly prevalent and caused incalculable mischief. In the beginning of the last century it again showed itself in the Hartz forests; it reappeared in 1757, redoubled its injuries in 1769, and arrived at its height in 1783, when the- number of trees destroyed by it in the above-mentioned forests alone was- calculated at a million and a half, and the whole number of insects at work at once 120,000,000,000. The inhabitants were threatened with a total suspension of the working of their mines for want of fuel. At this period these Bostrichi, when arrived at their perfect state, migrated in swarms like bees into Suabia and Franconia. At length, a succession of cold and moist seasons, between 1784 and 1789, very sensibly diminished the numbers of this scourge. In 1790 it again appeared, however, and so late as 1796 there was great reason to fear for the few fir trees that were left.— Cowan’s Curious Facts. Many species of Buprestidze are decorated with highly brilliant metallic tints, like polished gold upon an emerald ground, or azure upon a ground of gold; and their elytra, or wing coverings, are employed by the ladies of China, and also of England, for the purpose of embroidering their dresses. The Chinese have also attempted imitations of these insects in bronze, in which they succeed so well that the copy may be sometimes mistaken for the reality. In Ceylon and throughout India, the golden wing-cases of two of this tribe, the Sternocera chrysis and S. sternicornis, are used to enrich the embroidery of the Indian zenana, while the lustrous joints of the legs are strung on silken threads, and form neck-laces and bracelets of singular brilliancy. The Buprestis alternata, ocellata and vittata are also wrought into various devices and trinkets by the Indians. The &. vittata is much admired among them. This insect is found in great abundance in China and thence exported into India, where it is dis- tributed at a low price. Cowan's Curious Facts. 1895. | 45 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological iety. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada $1.20. ges~ All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1895. A MONUMENT TO THOMAS SAY. THE interesting articles on Thomas Say now appearing in the News recall the fact that the ‘‘ Father of American Entomology” has been dead sixty-one years. Much progress has been made in the study during that time, and doubtless Say would be much astonished if he could return to this sphere and see the advancement of the study. Some time ago Mr. Philip Laurent suggested that it wouid be a very grateful act for the en- tomologists of America to erect a monument in memory of Thomas Say. We have mentioned this subject before in the News and recalled the fact that the ornithologists of America have erected a monument to Audubon in Central Park, New York. Philadelphia, the birth-place of Say, would ‘be the proper place for such a monument, and it is to be hoped that some day this may be accomplished. It would not be a difficult matter to start a Say monument fund in each of the entomological societies of the coun- try and thus collect the necessary amount. If such a thing were done it would show hew much love and pride entomologists have in the study, and it would also show the world at large that there is an important study known as entomology, and that it has many enthusiastic devotees. Two PracticaL HInts.—We notice two notes of interest in the ‘“‘ En- tomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation” for Aug. 15, 1894. Mr. F. J. Buckell writes that flies always pester him ‘‘to infuriation,” and that he has found that a liberal sprinkling of Eucalyptus oil on his coat collar and face keeps them away. Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, of Rainham, finds that the use of methylated spirit instead of rum for mixing with sugar when sugaring for insects, greatly increases the attractiveness of the mixture. 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [February, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. “Insect Lime.”—More properly this should be ‘‘ insect glue,’’ because the German word is ‘‘leim;’’ but the term ‘‘lime’’ has somehow or other come into quite general use, and will probably be continued. ‘‘ Raupen- leim’’ is a product of Germany, of a jelly-like consistency, very dark brown in color, with a flavor of carbolic acid in the smell, and is supposed to retain its sticky qualities when exposed to the air, rain, etc., for a period of from two to three months or more. It is used principally to trap in- sects that crawl up and down the trunks of trees, and its usefulness for that purpose has been demonstrated. It replaces effectually all those devices like tin collars or troughs used for trapping canker worms, and all bands of cotton, paper, or other material wherever they have been recommended. In our own country this material has not been used to any extent except in Massachusetts by the Gipsy Moth Commission, who have found it useful within limits in their work against the Gipsy moth. It is probable that after a time this substance, or some substitute for it, will come into more general use in this country, and if some little modifi- cation can be made in it which renders it somewhat more fluid, so that it can be put on with a brush hke thick paint, its field will probably be a large one. One of the most difficult classes of insects to deal with are borers, whatever the order to which they may belong. It is rarely that we are able to reach the insects themselves in their burrows, and usually ‘we can only protect our trees by covering them with some substance that is either repellant or forms a mechanical coating. In repellants I have no faith whatever, unless the odor is absolutely poisonous, and then the effect is not due to the odor, but to the poisonous action. Mechanical coatings have been used with more or less success; but they have rarely ‘been complete enough to answer every purpose, and have in most cases labored under the disadvantage of not being persistent in character and requiring renewal at,short intervals. Lime in some form has been very largely used, and where the coating was properly kept up with very good success. At the base of trees, like peach trees for instance, newspapers and other similar coverings have been used, and in some orchards I have seen wire mosquito netting used to protect the trunks of the trees from ° the insects. In this case the object was to keep the adults from getting at the trunk, so that they could not lay their eggs. In the other case there was nothing to prevent the laying of eggs; but the lime, which is often poisoned, would form a sufficient barrier against the very young larve; yet all these substances have not been quite satisfactory. The thing that is required or needed, is a substance that is easy of application, that can be put on so as to form an absolutely impenetrable coating, that will re- tain its properties for at least a month, and that will not be injurious to_ 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47 the tree. An additional advantage that it should possess, is cheapness. Now, “‘insect lime’”’ possess some of those advantages, and may perhaps be modified, so that it may possess all of them. It has been proved by use in Germany to be absolutely harmless to plants, and I am informed that the trunk of a moderately large growing tree may be entirely coated with this substance without in any way endangering the tree itself. The outer bark in large trees possesses no functions necessary for the con- tinued growth or development of the tree, and covering with any viscid substance which is not poisonous would not injuriously influence its growth. The line of insects against which such an application could be used is large; for instance, all peach trees could be protected against the attacks of the borer. It would not only prevent the moth from laying its eggs, but if she alighted on the trunk covered by this “lime’”’ the chances. are that she would be caught and remain sticking to it. Apple trees could be protected against the Saferda in much the same way. Pear trees could be protected against the attacks of Scolytus, and of course other trees as well where they are subject to the attacks of these insects. A coating put on early ir the Spring before the leaves start would absolutely prevent the emergence of any insects in the bark on the trunk, would prevent the hatching of any eggs, and would prevent all insects lying dormant in the crevices from making their way out. This would be an especially useful thing in the case of the Pear Psylla for instance, that hibernates in the crevices of the bark on the trunks of pear trees, and if the application was made early enough to inclose the insects and prevent them from coming out injury for the balance of the season need not be feared. In fact, the number of uses to which a substance of this kind could be put is very great, and the suggestion is made here in order to induce entomologists, as well as farmers and horticulturists, to test this substance during the ensuing season. The American agents for the ‘‘in- sect lime’’ are Wm. Menzel & Son, 64 Broad St., New York City, N. Y. Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL eee FERS OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENroMOLoGICAL NEws solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfet- ence, as to makeit necessary to put “‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five “extras” without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Enp. _ DurING my weekly vacation this year I went to Cumberland, the northern part of the State, and got about one hundred specimens, mostly 48 -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, Lepidoptera. In luring I did not catch much, except Catocalz, the smallest Noctuide did not seem to be represented at all. I think the electric lights have diminished insects to a great extent; before we had — them round us I could find Cecrofia cocoons in my yard, and for the past year or two I have not found them nearer than a mile and a half of the city limits. The Azisota senatoria used to be very destructive to shrub oaks round here, but this year I could not find but one or two trees that had been eaten by them. In walking to my place of business | always look under the electric lights, but very seldom find anything worth picking up.—Epwarp D. Kertu, Providence, R. I. TARDINESS OF IMAGINES from first brood reared north and emergence of second brood of pupz in Autumn. Of a lot of Smerinthus geminatus bred from ova, Aug. 3, 1894, which transformed within four weeks, a large number imagines appeared, fully eighty per cent., between September 18th and 29th. Of a number of collected larvze of Paonias myops, second brood also, which pupated last week of August, several of the perfect insects emerged during latter half of September. Usually, these are ex- ceptions to the general rule. Stranger behavior occurred among Cerafo- mia catalpe. Larve collected south, raised here, which pupated between June 12 and 19, 1894, with the exception of tWo or three imagines, refused to come out. An equal number of larve bred from the very same lot of first brood down south, which pupated same time, and were shipped north, almost the entire number emerged before July 20th. Perhaps a four-days’ travel in the mail-bag, during a heated term, hastened matters. Dr. R. E. KUNZE. Do Insects PLay ?—Under the title ‘‘ The habit of amusement in the lower animals,’’ Mr. James Weir, Jr., in ‘‘The American Naturalist’’ for October last, brings together a number of observations which he con- siders as bearing upon the thesis that certain of the lower animals play. The insect instances advanced are: first, the dancing in swarms of certain midgets. He does not consider these swarms as mating swarms, since on numerous occasions and at different seasons of the year, he has exam- ined dozens and found them all to be uniinpregnated females; he never discovered a male among them. Further, he refers to the observations of certain naturalists upon ants, showing that when these insects assemble upon the surface of their nests, they sometimes behave in a way which can only be explained as a simulation of festival sports or other games. He has also observed a flea play what he considered to be a practical” joke upon an individual of the same species, and he has also seen certain female Coccinellids indulge in ‘‘true psychical amusement.” There is room for additional observations in this interesting field, but it is one in which the observer is very apt to jump to unjustified conclusions. On Ant Stincs.—Mr. Herbert H. Smith, in an interesting letter re- cently received, writes as follows concerning the stings of S. American ants: 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 49 ** Among the worst of stinging insects are ants; the large Poneras (or Monopera ?) sting worse than a hornet. My wife was once stung by a dozen orso. She had fever in consequence and was kept awake for a whole night. The Mundurucu Indians of the river Tapajos have a unique test which, as is well attested, young men endure before they take a wife. They fill basket-work bags with the Ponera ants and thrust their arms in them to the shoulder. Sometimes with the bags tied on their arms they dance through the village. After the test the man throws himself in a stream, remaining there for hours, but this does not prevent fever. The foraging ants (#cifom) sting painfully and attack everything in their way. The little ‘‘ fire-ants’”’ (Zyrmica), to my knowledge, have sometimes de- populated villages; for instance, the village of Aveyros on the Tapajos, now re-peopled. This village, which I saw, was one vast nest of the ants. A single sting is insignificant, but when a thousand ants attack you at once, the matter becomes formidable. The /azxi tree of the Amazon takes its name from a little ant always found on it, which, for its size (about one-fourth inch long), is the most terrible insect I know of; the sting is like a red hot needle. I do not know the genus.” Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III, Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. Entomological Literature. 1. La NATURALEZA, ii, 5. Mexico, 1893. [Received Dec. 17, 1894. ] —A new species of Lecanium from Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell. 2. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History. London, December, 1894.—The dates of Moore’s ‘Lepidoptera Indica,” C. D. Sherborn. 3. THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN Soctety or New SoutH WALES (2), viii, 4. Sydney, June 5, 1894.—A second note on the Caren- ides, with descriptions of new species, T. G. Sloane. Note on the oc- currence of cerya egyptiacum Dougl. in New South Wales, W. W. Froggatt—ix, 1, Sept. 4, 1894. On the nests and habits of Australian Vespidz and Prrides: W. W. Froggatt. On the life-histories of Australian Coleoptera—ii, id. Note on the discovery of a destructive Floridian Coccid (Icerya rose Riley and Howard) near Sydney, W. W. F roggatt. 4. SITZUNGSBERICHTE DER KAls. AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN. Math.—Naturwiss. Classe. cii, 10, Abt. i, Vienna, December, 1893. [Re- 2* 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, ceived Dec. 17, 1894 ]—Monograph of the digging wasps allied to Mysson and Bembex, A. Handlirsch, 7 pls.—ciii, 1-3, Abt. i, January-March, 1894. The copulatory feet of the Polydesmide, C. Attems, 4 pls.; ciii, 1-4, Abt. iii, January-April, 1894. Researches on the physiology of facetted eyes, A. Kiesel, figs., 1 pl. 5. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEBRASKA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, iv, pp. 16-22. [Lincoln], 1894.--A list of Nebraska butterflies, H. G. Barber. 6. ATTI DEL R. INSTITUTO VENETO DI SCIENZE, LETTERE ED ARTI, li, 7. Venice, June 18, 1893. [Received Dec. 17, 1894.]—Description of and proposals for combatting Diaspis pentagona Targ. Tozz., G. Cane- strini, P. A. Saccardo and A. Keller. 7. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1894, pt. iv, December, 1894.—A monograph of British Braconide, pt. v, Rev. T. A. Marshall, 2 pls. Catalogue of the Pterophoridz, Tortricidz and Tineidz of the Madeira Islands, with notes and descriptions of new species, Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham. Palzarctic Nemoure, K. J. Morton, 2 pls. Supplementary notes on the Scolytide of Japan, with a list of species, W. F. H. Blandford. Some remarks on the antenne of insects, C. O. Waterhouse. 8. Le NATURALISTE. Paris, Dec. 1, 1894.—The nymph of Batocera rubus, L. Planet. g. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, Ixii, I. Paris, July 31, 1893. [This and other parts received Dec. 18, 1894. ]—Re- vision of the species of the genus Phlewophthorus Woll. and description of a new genus of Scolytidz, F. Guillebeau. Note on some ants of the Galapagos Islands, C. Emery, fig. Remarks on Bembex, P. Marchal. Note on the production of sounds by ants and on the organs which pro-. duce them, C. Janet. Note on larve of Dermatobia from Brazil, Dr. R. Blanchard.—2. Oct. 25, 1893. European and circum-Mediterranean Scyd- menide, J. Croissandeau, 2 pls. (cont. in 4e Tri.) Descriptions of new species and genera of the order Aranez, E. Simon (cont. in 3e Tri.). Biological observation on Zimarcha generosa, P. Lesne. Note on the organ called spatula sternalis‘and on the Malpighian tubes of Cecidomyia, A. Giard, figs., [and farther in the volume], Dr. A. Laboulbene, Com- ' parative study of the development of the egg in the viviparous and ovi- parous fleas, Dr. V. Lemoine. A method of destroying hornets, Dr. F. — Heim. Attempts at the destruction of Cossus ligniperda, id. Habits and metamorphoses of Molytes coronatus, J. Fallou. Contributions to the natural history of the larve of Buprestida—the first larva of /ulodis onopordi F., J. K. d’ Herculais, figs. Contributions to the study of para- sitic Diptera, Dr. R. Blanchard, figs. Note on some types of Diptera of . the family Bibionidz, C. Brongniart. On a Coleopterous larva vomited ” by an infant in Senegal, Dr. R. Blanchard, figs.—3. Dec. 30, 1893 (see E. Simon above). Biological observations on the Crabronidz, P. Marchal, 1 p!. Observations on the galls produced on Salix babylonica by Ne- 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 matus salicis, followed by some reflections on the importance of phe- nomena of cecidiogenesis for biology in general, Dr. F. Heim. On the . pigmented organ (embryonic testicle) of the caterpillar of Ephestia kueh- niella, |. Danysz. Some remarkable Hemiptera, A. Giard. A Dipter parasitic on Myriapods of the genus Zithobius, A. Giard. Copulation of Clytus tropicus, F. Decaux. Habits and metamorphoses of Zyda sted/ata, Cryptohypnus riparius, Capt. Xambeu. Fossil Syrphidz of the Tertiary amber, F. Meunier.—4. April 30, 1894 (see Croissandeau above). Note on the fossil Thysanura of the genus Machilis and description of a new species, H. Gadeau de Kerrville, fig. Apparatus for rearing and observing ants and other small animals which live concealed and require a humid atmosphere, C. Janet. Change of instinct in Megachile centuncularis, A. Giard. 10. REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE, vii, 2. Lille, No- vember, 1894.—Remarks on the organization and comparative anatomy of the last segments of the body of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hem- iptera, A. Peytoureau, figs., 7 pls. 11. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE DES SCIENCES HISTORIQUES ET NATU- RELLES DE SEMUR (2), 7, 1894.—The ‘‘nonne’”’ (Psit/ura monacha), de- scription, habits and metamorphoses, invasions, etc., M. de Gail. 12. JAHRESBERICHT DER NATURFORSCHENDEN GESELLSCHAFT GRAU- BUNDENS (N. F.), xxxvii. Chur, 1894.—On the actual origin of formic acid in honey, Dr. A. von Planta. 13. BIBLIOTHECA ZooLoaica, heft.18. Stuttgart, E. Nagele.—Com- parative physiological and anatomical researches on the senses of smell and taste and their organs, with introductory considerations from general comparative physiology of sense, Dr. W. A. Nagel, 7 pis. 14. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE D’AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES ET INDUS- TRIE DE Lyon (7), i, 1894.—Relations between the peculiarities of the cocoons of Bombyx mori, J. Raulin. 15. LEPIDOPTERA INDICA by F. Moore. Pt. xix. London: L. Reeve & Co., 1894 [Received Dec. 24, 1894.]—Contains pp. 161-176 of vol. ii, pls. 139-146 (Elymniinz, Amathusiinz). 16. NaTuRE. London, Nov. 29, 1894.—Indo-Malayan spiders, R. I. Pocock. [Review of T. and M. E. Workman’s “ Malaysian spiders,” Bel- fast, 1894, pts. 1-3. ]—December 6. Origin of classes among the “‘ parasol’”’ __ ants, H, Spencer.—lecember 13. Indo-Malayan spiders, B. A. Muirhead. The warble fly, W. F. Kirby, figs. [Review of Miss E. A. Ormerod’s “ Observations on Warble Fly or Ox Bot Fly,’’ London, 1894]. 17. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. Pt. cxviii. London, October, 1894.—Coleoptera: vol. ii, pt. 1, pp. 441-464, pl. xiv, D. Sharp [Adi- meridz, Colydiidz] ; vol. iii, pt. 1, pp. 257-264, G. C. Champion [Ela- teridze] ; vol. vii, pl. xi, H. S. Gorham [Coccinellide]. Lepidoptera- Rhopalocera; vol. ii, pp. 361-376, pl. Ixxxii, F. D. Godman & O. Salvin 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, [Hesperidze]. Rhynchota-Homoptera, vol. ii, pp. 25-56, pl. ii, W. W. Fowler. 18. COMPTE-RENDU. SOCIETE PHILOMATHIQUE DE Paris. Dec. 8, 1894.—Salivary glands of the Apinz ( Apis mellifica J and 3), M. Bordas. 19. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipsic, Dec. 17, 1894.—On the life- history of Chermes abietis L. and C. strobilobius Kalt., N. Cholodkowsky. 20. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HisrTory, vi, art. xviii. New York, December, 1894.—On North American moths, with the description of a new species of 7ripfocris, W. Beutenmiiller. 21. ATTI DELLA SOCIETA VENETO TRENTINA DI SCIENZE NATURALS (2), ii, 1. Padua. Dated 1895, received Jan. 1, 1895.—Embryology of the Acari, F. Supino, 3 pls. 22. KONGLIGA SVENSKA VETENSKAPS-AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR (n. s.), xxv, 2. Stockholm, 1893-94.—On the classification and distribution of the palzarctic Collembola, H. Schott, 7 pls.—xxiv, 1891. Scandinavian Neuroptera-Trichoptera, H. D. J. Wallengren. BrHaNnG of the same, xviii, iv, 8, 1893. On the cortical innervation and capillaries of Lepidop- terous larve, E. Holmgren, 1 pl. [all received Dec. 26, 1894. ] 23. CATALOGUS HYMENOPTERORUM hucusque descriptorum systemat- icus et synonymicus Auctore, Dr. C. G. de Dalla Torre. Vol. ix: Vespidze (Diploptera), Lipsiz. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, MDCCCXCIV, 181 pp. 24. SOCIETAS ENTOMOLOGICA. Zurich-Hottingen, Dec. 1, 15, 1894.— Lepidopterological notes from America, H. Ficke. Otiorhynchus ovatus L. in North America, H. J. Wickham (= H. F. Wickham!). Carpocapsa saltitans from Mexico, M. R[uhl]. 25. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATURAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION OF STATEN ISLAND, iv, 12. New Brighton, Dec. 8, 1894.—Two additions to the local list of dragonflies, W. T. Davis. 26. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. London, Ont., December, 1894. —Some Psychodide from Long Island, N. Y., N. Banks. A new Peri- copid and some new Zygzenidz from Cuba, B. Neumoegen. Some little- known species of Oeneis, H. J. Elwes. The Coleoptera of Canada—vi, H. F. Wickham, figs. A new Attid from Jamaica, T. D. A. Cockerell. Entomological notes, C. H. Fernald. List of the dragonflies of Corunna, Mich., D. S. Kellicott. Notes on Alypia mariposa, J. B. Lembert. , Notes on Quebec Coleoptera, A. W. Hanham. On the geographical dis- tribution of some common scale insects, L. O. Howard. Staphylinus c@sareus Cederh. and 5S. erythropterus L. in Canada, W. H. Harrington. —January, 1895. The genera in the Noctuide, A. R. Grote. The Amer- ican species of Perineura, A. D. Macgillivray. Coleoptera of Lake Worth, Florida, Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Genitalic classification, Rev. G. D. Hulst. Notes on Cavama and other Megalopygide, H. G. Dyar. Ona new scale insect found on plum, T. D. A. Cockerell. Preliminary studies in Siphonaptera, C. P. Baker. 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 27. Psycue. Cambridge, Mass., January, 1895.—On the Rhopalo- meride, S. W. Williston. A Psyllid leaf-gall on Ce/tis, probably Pa- chypsylla ceitidis-pubescens Riley, C. H. T. Townsend. Phthiria sul- phurea Loew, T. D. A. Cockerell. Life-history of Clisiocampa fragilis Stretch., H. G. Dyar. Uncertainty of the duration of any stage in the lif@history of moths, C. G. Soule. 28. THE Entromotocist’s REcoRD. London, Dec. 15, 1894.—The life-history of a Lepidopterous insect, etc., chap. iii: Parthenogenesis or Agamogenesis, J. W. Tutt. 29. THE CEcROPIAN. Milton, Mass., December, 1894. Entomological contrivances, S. N. Dunning, W. L. W. Field, M. L. Barner.—January, 1895. A list of the Lepidoptera-Heterocera of Bridgewater and Brock- ton, Mass., W. L. Tower. 30. AMERICAN SPIDERS AND THEIR SPINNINGWORK.—A Natural His- tory of the Orbweaving Spiders of the United States with speci@} regard to their industry and habits. By Henry C. McCook, D.D. Vol. iii. With descriptions of orbweaving species and plates (dated Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, A. D. 1893, on the title page, but the preface bears date of july 3, 1894, while the volume was received by the Academy Dec. 17, 1894). With this third volume Dr. McCook completes this book on the American spiders, of which the first volume appeared in 1889, the second in 1890. The work, the autlior tells us, has engaged his thoughts for more than twenty years, and he naturally expresses his pro- found satisfaction on having completed it. The News takes great pleas- ure in congratulating him on this happy termination of his labors. The third volume comprises 406 pages and thirty plates. Of the text, 131 pages and 98 figures therein treat of general habits, biological miscellany and anatomical nomenclature, while the remainder is occupied by de- scriptions of genera and species. The plates contain both plain and col- ored illustrations of this latter part of the text. 31. GARDEN AND Forest. New York, Jan. 2, 995: The chestnut weevil, R. A. S., Ed. [C. S. Sargent]. 32. TRAVAUX DELA SOCIETE DES NATURALISTES DE ST.-PETERSBOURG. Section de Zoologie et de Physiologie, xxiv, 2, 1894.—The embryonic development of Zxrodes calcaratus Bir., J. Wagner, 4 pls. _ 33. BULLETIN DE L’ACADEMIE IMPERIALE DES SCIENCES DE St.-PE- TERSBOURG. (N. S. iv), xxxvi, 1-11, December, 1893.—Synoptic revision of the Meloide of the genus Aidbas Fisch., A. Semenoff.—12-22. March, 1894. Experimental studies on the iyuiphatic glands of inverte- brates, A. Kowalevsky. [Both received Jan. 7, 1895]. 34. SCIENCE. New series, vol. i, No. 1. New York, Jan. 4, 1895.— The need of a change of base in the study of North American Orthoptera, S. H. Scudder. 35. MITTHEILUNGEN AUS DEM NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEREIN FUR NEU-VORPOMMERN UND RUGEN IN GREIFSWALD, xxv. Berlin, 1894. 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, —On new and little-known Neuroptera of the family Megaloptera Burm., Dr. A. Gerstaecker. 36. THE BritisH NATURALIST. London, Dec. 15, 1894.—Some curious aquatic larve, G. Swainson, 1 pl. A catalogue of Irish Coleoptera, Rev. W. F. Johnson. Synonymic list of the genera of the British Araneida, Rev. F. O. Pickard-Cambridge. © 37. FEUILLE DES JEUNES NATURALISTES. Paris, Jan. 1, 1895.—Re- sistance of Zygzenids to cyanide of potassium. A dipterous parasite of Orthoptera, C. Marchal. Libellulz and ants, P. Zurcher. 38. ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER. Jena, Dec. 19, 1894-—Spermatogene- sis of Caloptenus femur-rubrum, E. V. Wilcox. 39. ZOOLOGISCHE JAHRBUCHER, Viii, 2. Jena, Dec. 10, 1894.—On the structure and development of the endosternite of the Arachnida, W. Schimkewitsch, 2 pls. = 40. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA- DELPHIA, 1894, pp. 419-420.—A supplementary note to Mr. Johnson’s list of Jamaican Diptera, T. D. A. Cockerell. 41. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, 1894, pp. 375- 392.—Observations and experiments on the means of protection of Abraxas grossulariata L., F. Plateau, figs. 42. LEITFADEN FUR DAS STUDIUM DER INSEKTEN und Entomologische Unterrichtstafeln. Von Dr. G. Rérig. Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 1894, 43 pp., 8 pls. 43. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REporT of the Entomological Society of Ontario. Toronto, 1894.—Insects collected in Bermuda during the Winter of 1894, G. Geddes. Common names for butterflies—shall we have them?, H. H. Lyman. The butterflies of the eastern provinces of Canada, Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, figs. The pitcher plant moth (Z2yra Rolandiana Grt.), J. Fletcher. Catastega aceriella Clemens, Semasia signatana Clemens, Rev. T. W. Fyles. Notes on a few Canadian Coleoptera, W. H. Har- rington, fig. Food, feeders and fed, Rev. T.W. Fyles, figs. An attack of Ephestia interpunctella, H. A. Stevenson. The economic value of parasitism, F. M. Webster, figs. A re-appearance of Pieris protodice Boisd., J. A. Moffat. Remarks on the structure of the undeveloped wings of the ‘Saturniidz, id. Bordeaux mixture as a deterrent against flea bee- tles, L. R. Jones. The gypsy moth (Ocneria dispar L.), J. Fletcher, figs. The San José (Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock), id., figs. Injurious fruit insects of the year 1894, id., figs. (Some of the papers read at the sixth annual meeting of the Association of Economic Eales already recorded in the News, are here reprinted). 44. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, iii, 2, Jan. 8, 1895.—Additions to the lists of North American termitophi- lous and myrmecophilous Coleoptera, E. A. Schwarz. Neuration of the wings of the Tenthredinidz, C. L. Marlatt, figs. Notes upon Be/ostoma _. ao Fae a al 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55 and Benacus, C. V. Riley, figs. The eggs of Ceresa bubalus Fab. and those of C. ¢aurina Fitch, id., figs. On the habits of some Longicorns, F. H. Chittenden. Note on the mouth parts of Stexopelmatus, L. O. Howard. Note on the discovery of a new Scolytid, with brief description of the species, A. D. Hopkins. Notes on food habits of Corthylus punc- tatissimus, id. Annual address of the President—Longevity in insects, with some unpublished facts concerning Cicada septendecim, C. V. Riley. 45. BERLINER ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, XXxvili, 3-4, January, 1894.—Monographic contributions to the beetle-fauna of Central America, A. F. Nonfried. Contributions to the classification of the Muscide, E, Girschner, figs. (n some palzarctic Chilopoda, C. Verhoeff, figs. The history of the so-called breast-bone of the Cecidomyias with a recollec- tion of Carl Ernst von Baer, C. R. Osten Sacken. Two critical remarks about the recently published third part of the Muscarta schizometopa of MM. Brauer and Bergenstamm; also a notice on Robineau-Desvoidy, id. —xxxix, 1. May, 1894. The extra-European Sciaras of the Konigl. Museum fiir Naturkunde in Berlin, E. H. Rtibsaamen, figs., 3 pls. On the atavic index-characters with some remarks about the classification of the Diptera, C. R. Osten Sacken. Dipterological studies—i. Scatomyzide, T. Becker, 6 pls.—xxxix, 2. July, 1894. On Australian Zoocecidze and their producers, E. H. Riibsaamen, 7 pls. Synonymica about Tipulide, C. R. Osten Sacken.—xxxix, 3. October, 1894. The ants of Rio Grande do Sul, Dr. H. von Jhering, figs., 1 pl. [All the above numbers of this Zeitschrift received Jan. 10, 1895 !]. 46. THE NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL. London, January, 1895.—Pupa_ hunting, H. G. Knaggs. we PHILADELPHIA : ) ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF | THE ACADEMY oF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. | 1895. Entered at the Philadelphia Post Office as Second Class Matter. Entomological News published monthly, excepting July and August, in charge of the Entomological _ Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. Annual subscription $1.00, in advance. (Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20) Advertising Rates: 30 cents per square inch, single insertion; a liberal discount on longer insertions. No advertisement taken for less than Jo cents. Cash in advance. Ze All remittances should be addressed to E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. BACK VOLUMES. Those who have not a complete set of Entomological News should obtain the wanting volumes now, especially of volumes 1 and 2. The prices are: Volume I (1890), $1.50; IT (1891), $2.00; III (1892), IV (1893) and V_(1894), each $1.00 per copy. Address: E, T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. Entomological Publications. Classification of Coleoptera of North America, by Drs. LeConte and Horn, 567 pp. 1883 ; $2.50 List of Coleoptera of America N. of Mario: ne i Haw. 1885. 1.25 Synopsis of Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico, by E. T. Cresson. Part I, Families and Genera; Part II, Catalogue of Spe- cies and Bibliography, 1887. 3.00 Check List of Lepidoptera of Boreal ‘Ain, ty Prof, J. B. Smith, 1891 1.00 Horn (Dr. G. H.)—Revision of the Ténebrionida of America North of . Mexico, 152 pp. 2 pl. 4to . . - 6.00 LeConte & Horn.—Rhynchophora of N. PENT ag ag 1876 - 3,00 Scudder (S. H.)—The Life of a Butterfly, 182 pp., 4pls. . 1.00 Guide to Commoner Butterflies of North. U. S. and Canada, 206 ppl 1.25 Banks (N.)—Synopsis, Catalogue and Bibliography of the Neuropteroid Insects of temperate N. Am.; 1892, 47 pp., cuts . +50 Calvert (P. P.)—Catalogue of Odbnata of Philadelphia, with introduc: tion to the study of the group; 1893, 124 pp., 2 pls. 3 T.00 Smith (J. B.)—Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Superfamily Noctitidee found in Boreal America (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893) 424 pp., 8vo. 2.50 — Descriptions of new genera and earns of si American) Noctu- idz; 1894, 50pp.,6pl. . . 75 Neumoegen and Dyar.—A pteliminsty t revision of the Lectin terous family Notodontidz, 1894, 30 pp. ; ; 3 * H -50 Price-Lists of other entomological papers may be had on application. The above sent on receipt of price by E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. — VOL. VI. MARCH, 1895. No. 3. CONTENTS: Neumoegen, Berthold. ..........---++- 65 | Economic Entomology...........-+-++ 83 Ashton—Ignorance of the knowledge of Notes atid News. sic. cose tesscnensse 87 Entomology in the year of 1853.... -67 | Entomological Literature ............. 89 Hulst—North American Geometrina in Doings of Societies. .........0scceseec' 93 European collections...........:.. 70 | Entomological Section. .......-.+-+++.. 94 Bruce—High mountain moths. ........ 73 | Dyar—Preparatory stages of Phlege- Ottolengui—Aberration, variety, race thontius cingulata...............5- 95 OS ee ee 77 | Brendel—The compound eye.......... 97 Webster—Thomas Say .......---2++00+ 80 | Dyar—Larva of Orneodes ............ 100 TEGUORIAL ooo. occ d) ec dece ccc cesses 82 | BERTHOLD NEUMOEGEN. Mr. Neumoegen died at his home, in New York, on January 21st of consumption, hastened-by-an attack of grip. His suffer- ing during the last two weeks of his life was very great, and he looked upon death as a relief. He was born at Frankfort, on the Main, Germany, Nov. 19, 1845. He received a very good edu- cation, and his friends and schoolmates always spoke of him as one of the brightest of boys. He was a great linguist, speaking five or six languages fluently, and never tired of discoursing on his favorite subject—Lepidoptera. When a small child his greatest pleasure was to run in the fields with his butterfly net and catch his beloved insects. He began his collection about twenty-one years ago little dreaming of the extent to which it was destined to grow, but his love and enthusiasm increased every day, and he really added to his collection until the very last day of his life. His love for the butterflies was so great that, when working in his room with his assistant Mr. Doll, he would forget all about his illness and every other trouble and was really happy. One of Mr. Neumoegen’s characteristics was his extreme liberality in allowing students to study the rich material in his magnificent collection, and as a consequence it contains many valuable types 3 bn 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March described by our most prominent lepidopterists. In this con- nection Dr. Herman Strecker wrote of him: ‘‘ When my friend Neumoegen, some years ago, commenced to study and collect Lepidoptera, to which he applied himself with an energy seldom equaled, I impressed on him the importance of obtaining exam- ples from Arizona, giving him drawings of Avg. nokomis and other rare species. By indefatigable industry he secured collec- tors who, from inner Arizona, in a remarkably short time sent a large quantity of the most interesting material, among which were Smerinthus imperator and the coveted zokomis in both sexes, as well as numbers of others new to science. I cannot omit men- tioning another still more astonishing thing in connection with the reception of these Arizona novelties which, incredible as it may appear, is nevertheless a fact, to the truth of which I am willing to at any time to be qualified with proper jurat appended; it is when Mr. Neumoegen -passed them to me he did not even hint, let alone make it a condition, that any of the new species should be named after himself, his wife, his aunts,.or his cousins- german, his grandparents, the stranger within his gates, or even after his rich neighbor.’’ He was an indefatigable collector, and, as a result, was the possessor of one of the finest collections of Lepidoptera in the world. Mr. Neumoegen was also a well- known writer on his specialty, and described many new genera and species from this country and the West Indies, and of late years has published a number of valuable papers on the Bom- bycidz in conjunction with Mr. H. G. Dyar. He was engaged in business as a banker and broker at No. 40 Exchange Place, and was a member of the New York Stock Exchange. Mr. Neumoegen will be greatly missed among his lepidopterological brethren and co-workers, and his wife and children will have the sympathy of his scientific friends in their irreparable loss. In 1835, a plague of locusts made their appearance in China, in the neighborhood of Quangse, and in the western departments of Quangtung. The military and people were ordered out to exterminate them, as they had done two years before. A more rational mode, however, was adopted by the authorities, of offering a bounty of twelve or fifteen cash per catty of the insects. They were gathered so fast for this price, that it was im- mediately lowered to five or six cash per catty. A strike followed, and the locusts were left in quiet to do as much damage as they could.—Cow an’s Curious Facts. at he ete eee ie 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 67 IGNORANCE OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF ENTOMOLOGY IN THE YEAR OF 1853. By T. B. AsHton, Tonganoxie, Kan. It may be of interest to the readers of ENT. NEws to know the opinion of so well informed and truthful an entomologist as the late Dr. Fitch, who had ample facilities to make correct ob- servations as to the existing ignorance on the subject of insects and their habits, that was generally prevalent in this country six years prior to the organizing of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia. I make the following extract of a letter written by Dr. Fitch to Mr. Johnson, and first published in the ‘‘ Journal’’ of the New York State Agricultural Society, July, 1853. Since the date of this letter, his seventeen years’ of Jabor as New York State Entomologist, did very much to educate and enlighten an igno- rant public on the subject of Entomology, and great credit is due to his industry in spreading through the land a correct knowledge _of insects during his useful life. Forty-one years have passed since this letter was written, and what a wonderful contrast—-the ignorance of Entomology at that time and the general knowledge of it to-day ! ‘“SaLeM, N. Y., June 3oth, 1853. “Hon. B. P. JoHNSoON— See ear oir: * * * * * *% **But a still more remarkable instance of the excessive multipli- cation and consequent havoc caused by an insect not previously noticed has occurred in this vicinity since I received your letter. indeed, it sur- passes everything of the kind that has hitherto been experienced in this county since the date of its settlement. On the roth inst. a man from Cambridge inquired of me whether I had observed the worms upon the apple trees, saying that all the orchards in that town were being stripped of their leaves. Next day, on going to my apple trees, I found the worm alluded to, upon all of them, committing great havoc; and a gentleman from the Argyle informed me that within two or three days past they had been observed overrunning all the apple trees there. Upon the 234d inst. the Circuit Court being in session in the village of Salem, I saw persons from most parts of the country, and learned that this worm was ravaging every orchard within our borders without exception. Some idea of the value of our orchards and the amount of damage which this pest threatens to do us may be formed from the fact that, two years ago, to supply the vacancies produced by trees that had perished, and to plant new orchards upon some farms, an agent from one single nursery disposed of young trees in their county to the amount of $10,000. As it well may, therefore, 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. - {March, this worm forms the leading topic of conversation in every circle, and our newspapers are giving notices of it in their columns. And the crude and erroneous notions that are being formed and circulated respecting it show, in a must humiliating manner, the gross ignorance which pervades our country upon topics of this kind. One gentleman tells me that in a con- versation with the most noted and experienced nurseryman in our county they had mutually come to the conclusion that this worm had been bred by what in his neighborhood is termed ‘the little green insect.’ On enquiring I ascertained that this little green insect, so named because they knew no other name for it, was nothing more or less than Aphis mali, or Apple- leaf Louse. And the idea that this louse breeds these worms is rather more wild than it would be to conjecture that fleas breed bed-bugs. One of the most intelligent and successful farmers, who sometimes wields his pen as well as his scythe and hoe, favored me with the recherche infor- mation that this is the ‘canker worm,’—at least, said he, it is the very same worm that was called the canker worm in Connecticut when I was a boy. Had my good -friend asseverated that the moon was made of green cheese he would scarcely have surprised me more. I overheard another gentleman who is a graduate or one of our best colleges recom- mending to another similarly educated citizen to bore his apple trees, fill the hole with sulphur and close it by inserting a plug ‘made from the wood of the same tree.’ Methought he ought to have added that the hole should be made with ‘a silver bullet,’—or at least that this operation should be done ‘in the old o’ the moon.’ Friend Johnson, posterity will only need what I have above stated to show them that mauger all our vaunted light and intelligence in this, one of the most important branches of natural science to the farmer, and one of the most interesting depart- ments of Nature’s works to every studious and enquiring mind, our country at the present day is sunk in Egyptian darkness. In diffusive information, as far as it respects Entomology, we are lagging far behind the subjects _of several of the monarchical and-despotic governments of the old world. In Germany and Prussia, countries which are regarded as much less en- lightened than our own, not merely is a professor of this science deemed indispensable in every university and every agricultural seminary, but its rudiments are taught in all their primary schools. In this country, on the other hand, such a thing as a course of lectures upon this science has never yet been delivered, except, perhaps, in one or two of our universi- ties. Indeed, much of the very foundation of this science, upon this side of the Atlantic, is yet to be laid. Whole groups and families of insects have never been examined. We have not names even by which to desig- nate a considerable portion of our species. . Take this apple tree worm, for instance. It belongs to a family of insects of which, in Great Britain, there are upwards of 300 species. Our own country, we may safely as- sume, contains at least double that number. And of our 600 American insects of this family how many, think you, have been examined and de- scribed? So far as I am able to ascertain there are /hree species only/ tert aie hy Tees SP. Patan: .- = 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 69 In no other department of science is an exploration so urgently required, so loudly called for, as in this. Scarcely a week passes but that one and another within the circle of my acquaintance is coming to me with some insect which he has detected preying upon some article of property—of which insect he is anxious to know the name, habits and remedies. Within the last forty-eight hours one has brought me a worm which is infesting the roots of his squashes, melons and cucumbers, and has killed a large number of these plants in his and his neighbors’ gardens; another has shown me some pea-pods containing a worm which is devouring the young peas; a third has brought in some tomato plants wilted and de- stroyed by a grub that has perforated the stalk; and a young lady has submitted to my notice some caterpillars which she finds devouring her roses. Such facts forcibly show how much, how very much, we need a thorough investigation of the Entomology of our country. It is indeed surprising that this branch of natural science, in an economical aspect second to no other in its importance, should have remained to this day so lamentably neglected. In that valuable series of volumes.of Natural History of the State of New York we are presented with a full descrip- tion of every object in the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdom, that exist without (= within (?) ) our borders, save only our insects. This most important hiatus remains to be filled to complete that great work and render it full and entire as it was designed to be. Each succeeding year is showing how urgently we need the information which this part of that work would furnish. Why should its completion be longer delayed? . The pecuniary loss which we shall sustain the present year from this one insect which is now devastating our-orchards is probably greater than will be the whole cost of a survey of the insects of the State. “* * * * * This moth pertains to the genus Argyro-lepia and the sub- ‘genus Lozopera of the distinguished British entomologist, Mr. Stephens. And as this species does not appear to have been hitherto described I propose to call it the Argyrolepia pomariana, the specific name being derived from the Latin: pomarium, which, translated, will give us for the common name of this insect, the Orchard Moth, or if we wish to be more definite, the Orchard Argyrolepia.” EXE XH Yours Truly, Asa FITcuH. WE are the army of the great God, and we lay ninety-and-nine eggs; were the hundredth put forth, the world would be ours—such is the speech the Arabs put into the mouth of the locust. And such is the feeling the Arabs entertain of this insect, that they give it a remarkable pedigree, and the following description of its person: It has the head of the horse, the horns of the stag, the eye of the elephant, the neck of the ox, the breast of the lion, the body of the scorpion, the hip of the camel, the legs of the stork, the wings of the eagle, and the tail of the dragon.— Cowan's Curious Facts. 70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, NOTES ON TYPES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRINA IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS.—IV. By Geo. D. Hutsr. (Continued from page 44, vol. vi, ENT. News) Melanippe concordata Wik. 1295, is the same as obductata Moesch. Camptogramma fluviata Hbn. has as synonyms, C. lapillata Gn. ii, 430, from Abyssinia; C. daccata Gn. 11, 430, from Ceylon; as well as the following from North America: Cidaria peracuata WIk. 1421, Coremia abruptata W\k. 1713, C. alternata W\k. sup. 1681, C. pigrata Wlk. sup. 1681, Camptogramma exagitata Wik. 1331, and Camptogramma ? signataria Wik. 1718. There is also a specimen of the same called plemyraia Feld., but I do not know whether it is correct. Cidaria inclinata W\k. 1727, is a synonym of C. ferrugata L. The type of Psychophora sabini Curtis is in the Museum. The middle band of the fore wings is quite distinct, and it differs very much from the ‘‘seal brown’’ immaculate form which Dr. Pack- ard had from Polaris Bay. Var. /rigtdaria Gn. ii, 269, is, I think, not different from the blackish form described by Dr. Skinner as Glaucopleryx immaculata. There are some specimens in the Museum among a number taken in Grinnell’s Land which closely approach the form which Dr. Packard had. Larentia ziczacata Wik. 1185, L. placidata Wik. 1186, and Lobophora incommodata Wik. 1259, are the same as Spargania magnoliata Gn. ii, 455. Thera congregata W\k. 1264, is a much rubbed specimen of lacustrata, or unangulata, probably the latter. Tephrosia comptaria Wik. 406, is Epirrita perlineata Pack. Melanthia condensata W\k. 1273 is the same species, but the type is faded and rubbed. Tephrosia scitularia Wik. 406, is Epirrita cambrica Curtis. Eupithecia implicata W\k. 1241, is not the same as &, mise- vulata Grt. I so determined it from a picture made from the type, but I was wrong. The species are very like each other, but distinct. Eupithecia anticaria Wik. 1241 and £. explanata Wik. 1242, are the same. * Seta 4 Bd : a eR 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 71 ' Thalera superata W\k. sup. 1612, is a synonym of Memoria pistacearia Gn. i, 348. Nemoria incertata W\k. 1557, is the same as JV. gratata Pack. and WN. oporaria Zell. Geometra mimicata Wik. sup. 1600, is the same as Synchlora rubivora Riley, and is a synonym of Aphodes glaucaria Gn. i, 377: Synchlora liguoraria Gn. i, 375, is S. tricoloraria Pack. lodis tractaria W\k. 540, is the same as Aplodes mimosaria Gn. i, 377, which is probably the same as Geometra grata Fabr. Nemoria denticularia Wik. 536, is the: same species as Sy2- chlora excurvaria Pack. Racheospila lixaria Gn. covers R. ? extremaria Wik. 584, Geometra inclusaria W\k. 508, G. congruata Wik. 511, Aplodes rubromarginaria Pack. and Racheospila cupedinaria Grt. The _ type of PR. cupedinaria is in the Museum. Anisodes bifilata Wik. 1585, is Aplodes brunnearia Pack. and is itself a synonym of Nemoria bistriaria Hbn. Nemoria indiscriminata Wik. 1556, NM. densaria Wik. 1557, and Thalassodes deprivata W\k. 1559, are synonyms of Memoria chloroleucaria Gn. 1, 351. Nemoria phyllinaria Zell. is the same as XV. zellerarta Pack. Geometra tridaria Gn. 1, 344, is G. rectaria Grt. Mr. Grote’s type is in the Museum. Geometra remotaria Wk. 530, is the name for the insect which is called G. zr¢davza Gn. in our collec- tions. Some specimens have been sent me by Prof. Riley which seem to be Eucrostis dominicaria Gn. i, 367, from St. Domingo. Prof. Riley’s specimens were from-Key West, Fla. Acidalia ordinata Wik. 722, A. puraria Wik. 796, and A. candidaria Pack. are the same. Acidalia obfusaria Wik. 786, is A. punctofimbriata Pack. Under Acidalia insularia Gn. i, 469, may be placed the fol- lowing: A. invariata Wik. 1596, A. asthenaria Wik. 737, A. imparata Wik. 1598, and A. persimilata Grt. Acidalia impauperata Wik. 721 and A. defixaria Wik. 796, are A. frigidaria Moesch. These and A. consecutaria W|k. sup. 1623, with A. sobria Wik. sup. 1624 are, I think, forms of zz- ductata Gn. i, 494. Lozogramma subequaria Wik. 1€60, is L. defluaria Wik. 984. “972 ENTCMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, Acidalia similaria Wik. 1592, of the D’Urban collection is, on the authority of Mr. Moffat, probably A. guadrilineata Pack. The type specimen is in poor condition, and is in the collection of the entomological society of Ontario. Acidalia anticaria Wik. 1593, of the same collection, and on the same authority, is probably the same as A. subalbaria Pack. I also have received from Mr. Moffat a sketch of Boarmia divisarta W\k. 489, of the D’ Urban collection, and it is the same as B. crepuscularia var. abraxaria W\k. 403. The name could not at any rate hold, as Walker had described 2. divisaria pre- viously, page 366, from Port Natal, Africa. Of the other Boarmize of the D’ Urban collection only two re- main undetermined from the types, and the types are lost. Mr. Moffat writes me that in the drawer of the collection containing the Walker types of Boarmia is a paper, written probably by Mr. Reed, who was curator at the time of Mr. Grote’s examina- tion, as follows: ‘‘Grote says Boarmia divisaria is a good spe- cies; all the others, six in number, are synonyms.’’ We have thus Mr. Grote’s decision that none of the other species were valid. The two not determined are B. convergaria and B. eject- aria. B. convergaria may be B. larvaria Gn. and B. ejectaria may be B. humaria Gn. though only the wildest guess can be made from Walker’s descriptions. Ephyra ignotaria Wik. 1576, and £. trisertata are synonyms of £. myrtaria Gn. i, 408. ‘Acidalia rufilineata Wik. 783, is A. fimandrata Wik. 724. Acidalia myrmidonata Gn. i, 487, is Hots minutularia Hulst, and Craspedia lautaria Hbn. An insect from Key West, sent me by Prof. Riley, is Acidalia umbilicata Gn. 1, 504, with A. indoctaria Wik. as a synonym. Acidalia restrictata W\k. 722, A. mensurata Wik. sup. 1621, and A. continuaria Wik. sup. 1622, are the same as A. ennu- cleata Gn. i, 505. They are none the form ordinarily known as A. ennucleata, but the light colored insect without blackish spots and markings. The blackish insect Guenée figured as a variety of ennucleata, which I do not think it is. A. reconditaria Wlk., which I was not able to find in the Museum, is probably it, and it is probable that Eu/epidotis alabastaria Hbn. may be the same thing. I see after my return that Mr. Grote has determined 4. veconditaria as A. ennucleata frorn the type which he saw. 1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 73 From Key West I have specimens sent from Prof. Riley which may be Acidalia nataria Wik. sup. 1625; and also from southern Florida other specimens which are probably Acédalia subquadrata Gn. i, 459. Acidalia ossularia Hbn. has the following as synonyms: A.’ temnaria Gn. i, 476, A. sublataria Gn. i, 474, A. magniferaria WIk. 784, A. flavillifera Wik. sup. 1624, and A. repletaria Wik. - sup. 1624. I fancy A. violacearia Wik. may be the same insect. Acidalia tacturata W\k. 721 is the same as A. eburneata Gn. i, 474. Almodes rivularia Grt. is the same as A. ¢erraria Gn. i, 380: In ‘* Novitates Zoologice,’’ vol. i, p. 376, Mr. Warren gives a list of five other synonyms. Conchylis cretiferana W\k., said by Prof. Fernald to be a Geometer, is not a Geometer, but a Deltoid. The type has only the front wings left, and these are very much faded. It appears to be one of our common species. Acidalia tremularia Wik. 1614, is a A. pannaria Gn. i, 470. Acidalia guadrannulata Wik. 1595, is Ephyra pendulinaria Gn. i, 414. Macaria impropriata W\k. 888, is a synonym of Paraphia subatomaria Haw. as are also Wacaria fidoniaria Wik. sup. 1654, M. exsuperata Wik. 1655, Paraphia mammuraria Gn. i, 273, P. deplanaria Gn. i, 272, and P. nubecularia Gn. i, 272. Ennomos lutaria Wik. sup. 1552, is E. magnaria Gn. i, 174. Melanippe furcifascia Wik. 1294, is a synonym of Cidaria hastata, var. gothicata Gn., as is also hecate Butler from Japan. It is the form with unicolorous black hind wings. (To be continued.) oO HIGH MOUNTAIN MOTHS. By Davin Bruce, Brockport, N. Y. I had stayed at a ranch in Park County, Colorado, for a few days every time I visited the State. The house was pleasantly situated on the south side of a long picturesque cafion, which ended at about 13,000 feet elevation in a broad gulch, over- looked by some of the highest peaks of the front range. The dwelling itself was exactly 10,000 feet above sea-level; the sloping hill-sides were well covered with pines, poplars, willows 74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, and various shrubs. Several rapid creeks, fed by the melting snows, tossed and tumbled noisily over their rocky beds, their banks being bright with wild flowers and grasses; occasionally the cafion would expand into wide boggy meadows (called ‘‘ Broads,’’ by the ranchmen, as the contracted spaces, hardly wide enough for a wagon-road, were also locally termed ‘‘ Nar- rows’); a few hundred head of cattle roamed around, but were not in sufficient numbers to destroy the herbage, as is too often the case in the western mountains. Butterflies were abundant everywhere, and whether I rambled lower down the valley or climbed above timber to the higher levels I seldom. returned without being well pleased with my captures, if the weather was fine, as the mornings always were; a few day-flying moths would occasionally present themselves—//atarctia hyperborea one day clumsily tumbled round a low willow close to the house and was quickly transferred to my cyanide bottle, a few examples of Arctia cervinata Strecker and Antarctia brucei Hy. Edw. occurred among the rocks; in the open spaces in the forests a small He- maris was not uncommon at the blue flowers of Mertensia, on which plant the gray larvae of Guophela vermiculata was feeding, Nemeophila plantaginis and Alypia lorquiniz were frequent, the latter to be always found where Zfz/obium grew. In August the larvee were very abundant on this plant; very rarely, indeed, Lepisesia flavofasciata was seen at blossom of Azbes; this larvee I also found in July on Zpzlobium. Above timber, at the very edge of the melting snow-banks, the flowers were alive with four or five species of P/usta and a few Oncocnemis and Melicleptrias, the last apparently sleeping in the blossoms by night, as I fre- quently found them in a half torpid state in the early mornings inside the petals. On the mountain sides and highest peaks a few species of Anarta and Agrotiphi/a were lively in the sunshine, and occasionally a Geometrid would start from the rocks or be dislodged from the bushes, but as a rule the Heterocera were sparingly represented, not more than two or three dozen species being found in three Summers. I tried sugaring without the slightest success. - On two or three occasions I saw a moth buz- zing round the lamps in the house, but it was always sabgothica or auxiliaris. As the motto and practice of every person at the ranch was ‘‘ early to bed and early to rise,’’ and I was generally well tired out when I got home, and after supper I had my cap- | 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. a5 tures and correspondence to attend to, I tumbled into bed nightly quite satisfied that I had thoroughly ransacked and exhausted the lepidopterological store of the vicinity. An accident, however, opened my eyes, and I came to a quite different conclusion. One fine day at the end of July I met with a serious mishap that kept me indoors for two weeks with a couple of fractured ribs and sundry painful cuts and bruises. For the first three days the pain entirely kept me from thinking about insects; but I noticed a few moths at my bed-room window attracted by the lamplight. When I was able to move about, my kind landlord furnished me with a couple of large lamps, one of which I set at the window and fixed the other on a box at the open front door, I sitting on a chair just inside the house with net, bottle and box in readiness. As soon as it was dusk, Mames- tra olivacea and several other small species new to me, came in plenty; as it grew darker larger species came. At last, with a bump against the lamp, Agrotis ingeniculata introduced itself to science for the first time. This large and handsome species was quite common for a few nights. I give below a list of my cap- tureS in ten nights. I always quit at eleven o’clock, as by that time at this high elevation the air began to get very cold and sometimes quite frosty. Those marked with an asterisk were common. I give the Bombycids and Noctuide only. Lithosia bicolor Arsilonche albovenosa cephalica* Merolonche spinea ELuprepia caja var. utahensis Acronycta three sp. (undetermined) Arctia parthenice Rhynchagrotis rufipectus Parorgyia leucophea* variata* Ichthyura bifiria Pachnobia littoralis* Cerura albicoma Agrotis ypsilon* var. cineroides* ing eniculata* Gluphisia sp. ?* Datana perspicua Peridroma saucia* ' Noctua baja* Flalisdota inaculata haruspica* Oedemasia salicis* havile Fleterocampa grisea lubricans* Tolype velleda Chorizagrotis auxiliaris* Gastropacha wildei agrestis*® Hypopta henrici Feltia subgothica* Flepialus Mc Glashani venerabilis Panthea gigantea vancouverensis* Raphia frater var. coloradense* volubilis 7 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. { March, Porosagrotis satiens Dryobota stigmata rileyana* Flydrecia juvenilis orthogonia* cataphracta dedalus* serrata Carneades recula* Leucania bicolorata* guadridentata* pallens oblongastigma* patricia riding siana* phragmatidicola Slavidens* adonea* — flavicollis* Ufeus plicatus brocha Caradrina miranda* velleripennis Amphipyra glabella gagates Orthodes cynica* messoria* Fiimelia contrahens* brumeigera Teniocampa trifascia munis®™ carminata basiflava* Pyrrhia umbra tessellata* Orthosia euroa* albipennis helva obeliscoides Scoliopteryx libatrix Mamestra juncimacula* Litholomia napea crotchit* Xylina georgu liguida _ carbonaria* rosea Xylomiges dolosa invalida perlubens* trifolit* Calocampa brucet cristifera Cleophana antipoda noverca Ingura declinata olivacea* Deva purpurigera rectilinea* Plusia eroides SJuscolutea* putnami Scotogramma inconcinna biloba Ulolonche fasciata brassic@ea* orbiculata angulidens Xylophasia suffusca epigea morna SNOWL alticola Caloplusia hochenworthi lignicolor devergens semilunata* Stibadium spumosum* Hladena leucoscelis Plagiomimicus expatlidus Sractilinea Schinia albifascia Hiillia senescens Acontia angustipennis* algens candefacta* Pseudanarta flavidens* aprica Perigea albolabes* elegantula Homohadena badistriga* Oncocnemis dayi Homoptera sp.? Eubolina mima 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77 ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM. By Dr. RoDRIGUES OTTOLENGUI. (Continued from page 38, vol. vi, ENT. NEws.) Prof. Grote writes: ‘‘ Variation in color or marking when oc- curring among typical examples is variety, and varieties should receive a Latin name. For example, Agvotis wi/sonii occurs in a typical olive-gray variety, and in a red variety (sfectalis). It does not matter that intermediary examples exist. The terms must be employed to designate properly the variety. It is the property of varieties that they intergrade, of species that they do not pass into one another.’’ Mr. Dyar says: ‘‘ The variety may intergrade with the normal form, or it may not. In the latter case it is either an aberration, dimorphic form, or local race. * * * * I would always name a dimorphic form or a local race.’’ (I would interrupt myself here to query, under which of these heads Mr. Dyar places the occa- sional yellow form of Arctia virgo, to which he recently gave thename..... ) He continues: ‘‘ The practice of naming intergrading varieties can so easily be carried to an extreme that I do not like to advise ei Mr. Neumoegen quotes fromm Neumoegen and Dyar’s Revision of the Bombyces, and recognizes local races, ‘‘ whether connected by intergrading in the intermediate territory or not.”’ Let us consider the meaning of intergrading. I believe that all of us accept the theory of evolution. Then let us imagine as a starting point a ‘‘ fixed form’’ as representing a species. It is hardly conceivable that even in the earliest stages Nature ever fashioned two individuals in an identical mould. Even the slightest diversity would have produced what I shall call Individuality.- In time these ‘‘ individualities’’ would neces- sarily grow more marked and definite, and the breeding of the more similar individuals with each other, would in: time evolve from a fixed form, a variable one. This variableness in like man- ner would increase in the course of years, until at last the species would be represented by individuals of quite diversified appear- ance, instead of as originally by creatures superficially similar. When the species was fixed it would be easy to choose one or more specimens to serve as a type. But when the variable pe- 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March, riod had arrived, only a long series of specimens could be truly typical of the species. The next step in this evolution would be the arrival of a form which began to occur in relatively large numbers, and when the time arrived when this new form was represented in reasonable proportion, to the greater number of individuals which still resembled the original type, we would have what I would consider a good variety. This variety would be connected with the ground type by intergrades, but the differ- ence between it and the intergrading forms would be, that it would be more constant than any other selected individual, and reason- ably constant as compared with the original type. Evolution might go further, or it might not. If it went on we would get other varieties, with intergrading forms between each. The spe- cies would be represented, let us say, by a ground form, the type, and suppose we stop at three varieties with intergrades between. Normally, the varieties would be more fixed and more numerous as they more closely resembled the type. But any variety would be less rare than the intergrades. On the other hand if evolution stopped with one variety, the next step would be the gradual disappearance of the intergrading forms, which of course would also occur in time regardless of the number of varieties thrown off. The first individual appearance of one of these extreme forms being at the moment the most distant from the type, but the forerunner of others similar to it, and thus the precursor of a variety, is what I understand by Aberration. With this idea of the meaning of ges ida we find that Intergrades are of three classes. First, the fixed species has become variable, and all the indi- viduals differ essentially from all others. Possibly there may be- a rare and extreme form, the ‘‘ aberration.’’ Second, there may exist one or more distinct forms called va- rieties, with intergrading forms between the varieties, and be- tween the type and the variety most similar to it. But given a thousand insects it should be possible to separate the varieties into groups; when it would be seen that in a given lot, under a given name, the individuals would resemble one another as much as the typical specimens would in similar numbers. The inter- grades; however, would not do this. Third, there may exist one or more varieties, each as fixed as the type, but with no intergrades, except where the varieties may 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79 - be considered as intergrades between the type and the variety which is farthest removed from the type. Now, to continue this story of evolution, the time may arrive _ when the variety begins to breed true to itself. It increases in numbers to-such an extent that the individuals mate among themselves, and in time produce others of their kind. It is pos- sible that this occurs gradationally. At first the offspring of the variety would throw back to the type in the majority of cases, but by continued selection of mates of their own kind the variety would increase in numbers until at last it produced only of its own kind. This brings us a new race, and is commonly sup- posed to inhabit a locality different from the home of the type. That there should be intergrades in intermediate territory is but an argument in favor of the theory of evolution; for environment must play as great a part in the departure from the original type, as does the accentuation of individuality. But it has been truly said that species breed true to themselves and varieties do not. Then why is this a local race, and not a new species, for we allow of course that Nature by evolution is aiming at new species? The local race is distinguishable from a new species only by breeding. The imago being the perfect insect, evolutionary changes show there first, and by breeding true in a local race, we mean merely the reproduction of similar imagos, the eggs and larvee would remain typical. When the eggs and larve also -were different a new species would have been evolved. My idea of classification then would be thus: Species.—Individuals markedly similar, though great variable- ness might exist. Breeding true in all periods of transformation. Race.—Local variety, markedly different from the specific type, breeding true in the imaginal period. - Variety.—A departure from type of species, occurring in suffi- cient numbers to indicate a permanency of the form; not breed- ing true. Intergrades may or may not exist. When they do, ‘the evolution of the variety is not yet complete. Their absence marks the permanency of the varietal form, and the disappear- ance of the connecting link. Aberration is the extremest departure from specific type, with or without intergrades, or with or without intermediate varieties. In the first instance it announces a new variety, and in the second that the evolution of varieties is not yet complete. 80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, Form is a word which might be made to apply to such occa- sional, but constant departures from type as are well recognized under the terms—dimorphic or seasonal forms, and sexual forms. A monstrosity is not to be confounded with an aberration. The aberration is a normal creature, while the monstrosity is ab- normal in some structural feature. It may be in the form of the body, in a commingling of sexual appearances (without neces- sarily being hermaphroditic), or any alteration which would pro- duce a symmetry. I have seen two monstrosities worthy of mention. Onea male, Papilio turnus, with one primary marked like Glaucus. Another was a Cecropia, on the primaries of which was a departure from nee marking, the two, die being unlike. Hermaphrodites aa hybrids need no ‘em beyond mention. On the question of the propriety of giving names I woul ad- vocate the naming of all well-defined species, alee races and perhaps aberrations and forms. a U THOMAS SAY.—III. | By Prof. F. M. WEBSTER, Wooster, Ohio. In the Winter of 1825-26 there descended the Ohio River from Pittsburg a craft somewhat resembling a western flat boat. The passengers on this primitive vessel were, many of them, noted in the scientific and literary world, among them being Thomas Say, who, with Messrs. Owen, Maclure and others, were making their way to the new home of the recently organized confrater- nity. This craft landed its passengers at Mt. Vernon, ‘Ind., from whence they were conveyed overland to their destination. From _ that day to the present the cargo of that primitive craft has been known-as ‘‘the Boat Load of Knowledge,’’ and one of the per- sons composing it, Mr. Victor C. Duclos, is still living in New Harmony. A year or more later Say was married to Miss Lucy May Sistare, an accomplished and talented young lady, sister of Mrs. Frances Ball, wife of the well-known jeweler. Dr. Ed- ward Murphy, now living in New Harmony, and an annual at- tendant at meetings of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, was a guest at the wedding of Mr. and Mrs. Say. The subject of this sketch is described as being fully six A Ke INT, NEws, Vol. VI. Pl. IV. = = r is ( THE HOUSE IN WHICH SAY DIED. 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 81 feet in height, slender, with a slight lisp to his articulation, which gave to his naturally gentle voice a musical softness. Whether the newly-wedded pair at once took-up their abode in the house shown in the February number of the NEws, or in the one illustrated in the present number, I am unable to learn. As it was in the last-mentioned that Say’s death took place, it seems quite probable that the other was their first home, and that he afterwards moved into the one here represented. The present illustration shows the house as it appeared in the Winter of 1888- 89. A portion of the original structure was burned in 1843, and afterwards rebuilt somewhat differently in point of architecture from the original, but the lower portion fronting the street to the left, as in the engraving, long used as kitchen, dining-room, etc , is as originally built by George Rapp soon after the Rappite community was established in 1815, and afterwards occupied by Thomas Say. With the purchase of the lands and buildings of this community by Robert Owen, in 1824, it passed into the hands of Messrs. Owen and Maclure, and seems to have been transferred to Mr. and Mrs. Say, probably by either Alexander or William Maclure, and later sold by the Says to David Dale Owen. So, we only know that for a time at least it was owned by Say, that it was within its walls that he breathed his last, and that his ashes peacefully rest ina tomb located within. the grounds to the rear of the house here shown. Besides his connection with the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, he was a foreign member of both the Linnean and Zoological Societies of London. He was also a member of the Masonic Fraternity. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Say remained for several years in New Harmony, but later moved to New York, and made her home with her sister. A few years before her death, which occurred several years ago, and at the age of eighty-three, she wrote an excellent letter to a friend in New Harmony. (To be continued.) Capt. BEECHEY tells us he saw many asses, heavily laden with Locusts for food, driven into the town of Mesurata, in Tripoli.—‘‘ Hxped. to Africa,” p. 107. 3" 82 . [ March, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- ‘tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual ‘subscription may be considered well spent. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. -Outside of the United States and Canada $1.20. 3@= All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1895. ~ PHOTOGRAPHS. SEVERAL times we have made appeals for photographs for the albums of the American Entomological Society, and are pleased to say that many of our entomological friends kindly responded. Some of our subscribers were under the impression that we only wished those of people who have done much entomological work, either as collectors or writers, but such is not the case, as we would like a photo. of every one interested in en- tomology. These pictures are of great interest, especially those collected early in the history of the society. Some day some one tnay wish to pub- lish a history of entomology in the United States, or a series of biograph- ical sketches of entomologists, and such a collection of photos would be indispensible. There is also an inevitable law of Nature that all must obey, and we all know that it is very gratifying to be able to look on the facial lineaments of those friends and correspondents, perhaps never seen, but to whom we have become attached by a community of interests, g@F The Publication Committee of the American Entomological Society have now in press a complete Supplement to Henshaw’s List of Coleoptera of America north of Mexico, published in 1885, including all additions, corrections, etc., since that date; this will take the place of the first and second supplements published in 1887 and 1889 respectively, both of which are now out of print, and at the same time be complete to the end of 1894. Those desiring copies should apply to the Treasurer. The price will be 50 cents per copy. See advertisement on third page of cover. . eae - » i aot e 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83 DEPARTMENT OF EGONOMIG ENTOMOLOGY. _ Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J, The Chinch-Bug.— Bulletin No. 55, from the office of the State Ento- mologist of Illinois, Prof. S. A. Forbes, is an interesting little pamphlet. It contains a very brief record of the chinch-bug invasion of 1894, the prospects for 1895, a brief statement concerning contagious disease and other experiments, and a series of recommendations for 1895. There are only seven pages of print, but they contain a great deal of history and suggestive information. ‘‘The history of chinch-bug injury in Illinois is substantially that of a succession of waves of increase which rise to a highest point and then suddenly fall away to insignificance, the rise of the wave usually occupying from three to five years or more, and its re- cession requiring only one or two.”’ Prof. Forbes thinks it probable that the culminating point of such a wave has been reached and would feel no surprise if the season of 1895 witnessed its recession. As an important factor in causing the decrease of the insects he recognizes the ‘‘ white muscardine’”’ disease, due to Sporotrichum globuliferum, but he is not enthusiastic as to the possibility of controlling chinch-bug injury by the artificial propagation of the disease. Among a series of conclusions the - following are especially interesting: “1. The white muscardine will not spread among vigorous chinch-bugs in the field in very dry weather to an extent to give this disease any prac- tical value as a means of promptly arresting chinch-bug injury under such conditions. It may be added that chinch-bugs are usually vigorous in dry weather. “9g. The resistant power of healthy chinch-bugs exposed to infection is well shown by the fact that thousands of bugs, young and old, have commonly lived for many days, and even for several weeks, moulting, maturing, copulating and laying their eggs, when shut up in infection boxes which had been heavily stocked with fungus spores from dead in- sects and had been made in every way as favorable as possible to the development of the disease. The percentage of those that would suc- cumb from day to day was often ridiculously small. “From all our experimental work thus far completed, I draw the gen- eral conclusion that infection with the fungus of the white muscardine of the chinch-bug is an uncertain measure, largely dependent for its practical value upon conditions beyond the influence of the experimenter, and whose occurrence or prevalence it is impossible for him to foresee. It appears, on the other hand, to be so powerful an agency for the destruc- tion of chinch-bugs ez masse when the weather favors its development and spread, and can be made by proper organization so inexpensive to the individual and to the State, that it is well worthy of the most thor- oughgoing scientific study and practical field experimentation.” 84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, This expresses the opinion of the conservative students and those who have most carefully studied the nature of fungus diseases in insects, ani- mals or plants. The diseases may be fatally effective under certain cir- cumstances—but we cannot produce the circumstances to order, and while we are waiting for the necessary meteorological conditions the chinch-bugs may destroy the crop. It is well to have the disease in hand, ready for use in favorable seasons, but we must also be prepared with other means as effective alternatives, some of which Prof. Forbes points out. It is a fact, of course, that some insect diseases seem to be to a large extent independent of heat or cold, wet or dry, and seem to be able to spread rapidly in all weathers. Of this type is the disease which attacks the larva of the clover-leaf beetle—/Phytonomus punctatus. 1 have watched it for five years in succession, and each year, no matter what the character of the season, the fungus has attacked the half grown larve and has swept them away just when they threatened injury to the crop. The factors that facilitate the remarkable spread of this disease are not yet well understood; but they are evidently quite different from those controlling the ‘‘ white muscardine”’ of the chinch-bug. Cabbage Root Maggot, Etc.—On this subject Mr. M. V. Slingerland gives us, in Bulletin 78, of the Cornell Experiment Station, nearly one hundred pages of information. While the cabbage maggots are more especially treated, there are incidental notes on other species and much information is contained on the subject of maggots in general. The Bulletin is really an exhaustive treatise which can only be commended, and the subject of remedies is very fully treated. Pactically, the recommendations narrow down to tarred paper cards, put on when the plants are set out to prevent” oviposition on the surface at the base of the stem, and to the use of bi- sulphide of carbon to destroy the insects when they have attacked the plants. For the application of the bisulphide an injector is described which seems practical. I have elsewhere expressed the conviction that bisulphide of carbon would come into much more general use when its range was fully understood, and when its cost was reduced to a point justifying its use in the field. The question of cost has been recently made satisfactory, and now it is in order to ascertain what can be done with the material. Mr. Slingerland has proved its usefulness in one direction; my experiments tend to show that it-may be used against plant- lice in the field, under certain circumstances; in the green-house its use- fulness can scarcely be over-estimated, while in forcing beds, which can be covered, it may be used as against all, except scale insects. Its use in destroying insects infesting stored grain and seeds is well established. Oviposition in Cicada hieroglyphica Say.—During the latter part of June, 1894, a small party of entomologists spent three or four days collecting at Anglesea, N. J., where many rarities have been found in times past, and more yet remain to be found in times to come. Among the party were Dr. Skinner and Mr. Hoyer, who were greatly exercised over a more or less persistent “singing,” which they claimed must be due to a Cicada. 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85 They finally resolved to run down these ‘‘ singing machines”’ as they were christened, and by care and patience located them on some old and bat- tered cedar trees, capturing several males of Cicada hieroglyphica Say. Later in the day the axe and chisel were brought into use on these same trees, and a number of coleopterous larve and pupz were secured, the trunks presenting a badly wrecked appearance when they were finally abandoned. Next morning I heard a specimen of the Cicada ‘‘ singing,”’ and by careful moving located him. But not him alone; his mate was close by on the bare trunk, busily engaged in ovipositing. I watched the specimen for some time and made sure of what she was doing before capturing her. In the character of the egg punctures there was nothing distinctive, but the selection of the raw surface of the wood where we had been chopping was interesting. The trunk was dead and was soft rotting, and into this soft wood the eggs were laid. The Codling Moth.—‘‘ Insect Life,’’ vol. vii, No. 3, p. 248, contains an in- stalment of proof, by Mr. Marlatt, that the Codling Moth is double- brooded in many places. This is in response to my suggestion that per- haps it had been too generally assumed that there were two broods, and that we might find the second brood exceptional in some localities. Mr. Marlatt is undoubtedly correct in all his observations, and we may assume two broods as the rule throughout the central and southern United States, and even in southern New Jersey, but where the insect becomes single brooded is yet a question. My own observations were positive, and are not doubted by Mr. Marlatt, but it does seem as if New Brunswick was very abnormally situated and not favorably for the development of insect life. Incidentally, it may be said that-it is a miserably poor collecting region for most orders of insects. A New Chilean Vine-destroying Insect.— About the year 1880 my atten- tion was called to a small vineyard at Quillota half destroyed by some unknown disease. On examining the roots of some of the dead and dying vines [ found a curious gall-like body on all of*them. These galls or cysts, were sub-spherical in shape, the shell was rough, of stout tex- ture, reddish brown in color, from 5 to 7 millimetres in diameter and full of a liquid of a creamy color and consistency, with a very peculiar and abominable odor. An examination of this fluid under the microscope showed corpuscles floating in it, also what I took to be rudiments of tracheze. One of the best microscopists that I ever met, my friend Dr. Bruner, also studied these bodies very attentively, but failed to arrive at _ any definite conclusion. I fancied we were examining the larva of an insect in the act of changing into the pupa state, yet the change was so complete that no rudiment of any organ could be found, except the sup- _ posed tracheze. Various remedies were tried on the vineyard, but in _ Vain, and the vines were uprooted and replaced by lucerne (Medicago _ Sativa). I paid no more attention to the matter for some years, but in Nos, some one hundred miles to the south of Quillota, serious damage 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {March, was reported as being done in vineyards by the same insect. In 1884 an article appeared on the subject, written by Mr. F. Philippi, who stated that the cysts were produced by mematod worms, and he then described the species as Heterodera vitis, giving a drawing of a European species of worm. It would appear that Mr. Philippi does not need to see a spe- cies in order to describe it, as he had only the galls or cysts, to build upon, the worms were evolved from his inner consciousness. About November, 1893, my sons were collecting insects near the Can- quenes Baths, and, to my surprise, brought me a lot of the cysts, though there is no vineyard for many miles. I then determined to investigate the matter seriously, and found that some fossorial wasps, of the genera Trachypus and Sphex, were carrying the cysts to their nests. I next got my boys to find out where the wasps got them from, and so found large numbers in a dry, sandy spot, destitute of vegetation. These were care- fully kept in the hopes of breeding the perfect form, but I got no results. In October and November, 1894, I again collected a lot of cysts, and kept on getting them at intervals of a few days. Early in December two females emerged, and I got several more where I found the cysts, but as yet I know nothing of the male. The galls or cysts, live on a great variety of Chilean plants, especially on annuals, which explains their presence in places where, during the Summer drought vegetation disappears. The insect bred from the cysts appears to belong to the genus Marga- rodes Guilding, allied to Porphyrophora Brandt, and as Philippi desctibed a worm that never existed I see no reason why we should apply his spe- cific name to an insect whose existence he never suspected: Margarodes trilobitum spec. nov. °.—Body elliptic, of a dull whitish yellow color, thinly covered with soft hairs, most abundant on the dorsal region. On the underside there are short, stiff hairs, that assist in loco- motion. There is no distinct head, but at the anterior extremity of the body, beneath, are antennz, seemingly 8-jointed; the basal joint, how- ever, is pale, soft, and appears to represent the antenniferous tubercle; the other seven joints are of a clear brown color, with verticillate hairs, moniliform and tapering from base to apex. No eyes or ocelli are visible, even under the microscope with an inch lens, nor can any trophi be seen, though there is a depression, near and behind the anterior legs, that probably represents the mouth cavity. The anterior legs are well de- veloped, though small, and armed with strong fossorial claws, probably of use to the insect in escaping from the pupal cyst, and in locomotion, as anchors. The posterior pairs of legs are slender and short, almost rudimental; the tarsi are 3-jointed, the two basal joints anchylosed, the apical freely articulated; each tarsus has one claw, very large relatively to the size of the leg —Epwyn C. REED. 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87 Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. _ [The Conductors of ENroMoLocicaL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] Toc Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached 4 circulation, both in uumbers and circumfet- ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five “extras” without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of ali papers will be acknowledged.—Eb. In an English paper, the Odserver, of July 25, 1813, there is an account of a “swarm of Bees resting themselves on the inside of a lady’s parasol.” They were hived without any serious injury to the lady. On the cover cf Ent. News for January, 1895, I notice the figure of a. moth named Composia olympia. Would it not be better to give the spe- cies its older name, C. fidedlissima H. S.? I have already called Mr. Butler’s attention to the fact that he had redescribed Herrich-Schaffer’s species, and the types of C. olympia are now placed in the British Mu- seum collection as C. fidellissima H.-S.—W. SCHAUS. THe First Numser of the new volume (xxii) of the ‘‘ Transactions” of the American Entomological Society, now in press, will contain the _ following papers: On the Oribatoidea of the United States, by Nathan Banks; A Monograph of the tribe Bassini, by G. C. Davis; Descriptions of a few new Pimplinz, by G. C. Davis; Contributions to the Dipter- ology of North America, by C. H. Tyler Townsend. Tue wild Locusts upon which St. John fed have given rise to great discussion—some authors asserting them to be the fruit of the carob tree, ‘while others maintain they were the true Locusts, and refer to the prac- tice of the Arabs in Syria at the present day. ‘‘ They who deny insects to have been the food of this holy man,’’ says Hasselquist, ‘‘urge that this insect is an unaccustomary and unnatural food; but they would soon be convinced of the contrary, if they would travel hither te Egypt, Arabia, or Syria, and take a meal with the Arabs. Roasted Locusts are at this time eaten by the Arabs, at the proper season, when they can procure them; so that in all probability this dish has been used in the time of St. John. Ancient customs are not here subject to many changes, and the victuals of St. John are not believed unnatural here; and I was as- sured by a judicious Greek priest that their church had never taken the word in any other sense, and he even laughed at the idea cf its being a bird or a plant.’’"— Cowan’s Curious Facts. 88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, THE entire library of Mr. C. H. T. Townsend, was destroyed by fire in “Las Cruces, New Mex., while he was East in January. He will be grateful to correspondents and others who will send him sets of their papers to enable him to replace those destroyed. He has removed to Brownsville, Texas, as Temporary Field Agent of the Division of Entomology U. S. Department of Agriculture. In 1811, at Smyrna, at right angles to a flight of Locusts, a man rode forty miles before he got rid of the moving column. This immense flight continued for three days and nights, apparently without intermission. It was computed that the lowest number of Locusts in this swarm must have exceeded 168,608,563,000,000! Captain Beaufort determined that the Locusts of this flight, which he himself saw, if framed into a heap, would have exceeded in magnitude more than a thousand and thirty times the largest pyramid of Egypt; or, if put on the ground close together, in a band of a mile and an eighth in width, would have encircled the globe! This immense swarm caused such a famine in the district of Marwar, that the natives fled for subsistence in a living torrent into Guzerat and Bombay; and out of every hundred of these Marwarees, Captain Carnac estimates, ninety-nine died that year! Near the town of Baroda, these poor people perished at the rate of five hundred a day; and at Ahme- dabad, a large city of 200,000 inhabitants, 100,000 died from this awful visitation !—‘‘ Penny Magazine,’ 1843, p. 231. THE Arabs believe the Locusts have a government among themselves similar to that of the bees and ants; and when “Sultan Jeraad,” king of the Locusts, rises, the whole mass follow him, and not a solitary straggler is left behind to witness the devastation. aE hoe himself, evidently © believed this from the manner he has narrated it (Morocco, p. 103). An Arab once asserted to this gentleman that he himself had seen the great ‘**Sultan Jeraad,’’ and described his lordship as being larger and more beautifully colored than the ordinary Locust (ibid. p. 106). Capt. Riley also mentions that each flight of Locusts is said to have a king which directs its movements with great regularity (Narrative, p. 235). The Chinese believe the same, and affirm that this leader is the largest indi- vidual of the whole swarm. Benjamin Bullifant, in his observations on the Natural History of New England, says: ‘‘The Locusts have a kind of regimental discipline, and, as it were, commanders, which show greater and more splendid wings than the common ones, and arise first when pursued by fowls, or the feet of a traveler, as I have often seriously re- marked.”’ ‘The truth, however, is found in the Bible: They have no king (Prov. xxx, 27).—Cowan’s Curious Facts. Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. : : poh SBS. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 89 Entomological Literature. 1. THE AMERICAN Naturatist. Philadelphia, January, 1895.—The - use of parasitic and predaceous insects, C. M. Weed. 2. Nature. London, Jan. 10, 1895.—The bird-winged butterflies of the East, W. F. Kirby, figs. 3. THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History. London, January, 1895.—Descriptions of some new species of Heterocera from the Eastern Islands and Tropical America, H. Druce.—February, 1895. On the luminosity of midges (Chironomide), P. Schmidt (transl. from Zool. Jahrb.). On some insects collected in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell. 4. Compte RENbDv. L’ACADEMIE DEs SCIENCES. Paris, Dec. 31, 1894. —On the nests of Vespa crabro L.—order of appearance of the first al- veoli, C. Janet. 5. PROCEEDINGS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MuseEuM, xviii, No. 1041. Washington, Jan. 16, 1895.—Two new species of beetles of the Tene- brionid genus Echocerus, F. H. Chittenden. de tie) 6. ENTOMOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT, xv, I-4. Stockholm, 1894.—On the ' structure and habits of Hemimerus talpoides Walk., Dr. H. J. Hansen, 2 pls. Lipuridz from Florida, H. Schétt. Contribution to the knowledge of the Aradidz, E. Bergroth. Revision of the genus Corisa Latr. with respect to the Scandinavian species, H. D. J. Wallengren. Variability of Argynnis aphirape Hiibn. var. ossianus Herbst, J. Meves, figs. [Eco- nomic entomology], S. Lampa, 1 pl., figs. Practical entomology in Ryss- land, C. Grill. Jsaria densa (Link.) Fries, parasitic on Melolontha vul- _—-garis L., id. Parasiticida, S. Lampa. Revision of the Pseudoneuroptera he ; of Scandinavia, H. D. J. Wallengren. _ 7. BULLETIN FROM THE LABORATORIES OF NATURAL HISTORY OF THE 5 State University or Iowa iv, 1.—Supplement to the “ List of the Co- leoptera of Iowa City and vicinity,” H. F. Wickham. ae, 8. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xx, 24. Berlin, December, 1894. _ Karl Lindeman’s “‘ Ueber den Bau-des Skelettes der Coleopteren; tiber den Bau des Thorax derselben,”’ a forgotten work, C. Verhoeff. 9. MITTHEILUNGEN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GE- __+‘-SELLSCHAFT, ix, 4. Schaffhausen, October, 1894.—On the classification _ of the Cetonidz, Dr. G. Schoch. Coleoptera Helvetica (cont.), Dr. G. _ Stierlin. _ to. THE ZOOLOGICAL RECORD, Volume the Thirtieth. Being records _ of zoological literature relating chiefly to the year 1893. Edited by D. _ Sharp, M. A., etc. London: Gurney & Jackson, 1894.—Arachnida, 33 a pp. Myriopoda and Prototracheata, 11 pp. by R. I. Pocock. Insecta, 371 pp. by D. Sharp. ; 90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 11. ARCHIV FUR NATURGESCHICHTE, Ix, I, 2. Berlin, July, 1894.— Comparative morphology of the abdomen of the male and female Lam- pyridz, Cantharidz and Malachide, Dr. C. Verhoeff, 4 pls.—Ix, II, 2, November, 1894. Summary of the scientific results in the domain of Entomology during the year 1893, Dr. P. Bertkau, 276 pp. 12. ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER. Leipsic, Jan. 14, 1895.—On ampulla- like blood-circulatory organs in the head of different Orthoptera, M. Pawlowa.—January 21. Contributions to classification and development of fresh water mites, R. Piersig. 13. SCIENCE. New York, Jan. 25, 1895.—On certain habits and in- stincts of social insects, M. Hartog. 14. LA FAUNE DES CADAvRES.—Application de l’Entomologie a la Médecine Légale par P. Megnin. Paris, G. Masson, Gauthier-Villars et fils. Not dated. Received Jan. 29, 1895.—Forming a volume of the En- cyclopédie scientifiique des Aide-Mémoire; 214 pp., figs. 15. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. Pt. cxix. London, November, 1894.—Arachnida Araneidea: pl. xvi, O. P. Cambridge. Coleoptera: vol. ii, pt. 1, pp. 465-488, D. Sharp [Colydiidz]; vol. iii, pt. 1, pp. 265-296, G. C. Champion [Serricornia]. Hymenoptera: vol. ii, pp. 313-328, P. Cam- eron [Mutillide]. Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera: vol. ii, pp. 377-384, pl. Ixxxiii, F. D. Godman & O. Salvin [Hesperidz]. Rhynchota Homop- tera: vol. ii, pl. iii, W. W. Fowler [Membracidz]. 16. THE NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL. London, December, 1894.—Pupa hunting (cont.), H. G. Knaggs.—February, 1895. Pupa hunting (cont.), H. G. Knaggs. Adraxas grossulariata and its varieties, S. L. Mosley, figs. 17. SPECIES DES HYMENOPTERES D’EUROPE ET D’ALGERIE. Fondé par Edmond André et continué sous la direction scientifique de Ernest André; 49e fasc. Paris, M. Dubosclard, Jan. 1, 1895.—Contains pp. 401- 480, pls. xii-xiv, of vol. v, Braconidz. 18. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s RECORD. London, Jan. 15, 1895.—About larve, G. M. A. Hewett. The life-history of a lepidopterous insect—chap. iii. Parthenogenesis or Agamogenesis (cont.), J. W. Tutt.—Feb. 1, 1895. Generic names in the Noctuidze, A. R. Grote. Discussion on the nature of certain colors, W. S. Riding, R. Freer, J, W. Tutt. 19. JOURNAL OF THE NEw YorRK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, ii, 4, De- cember, 1894.—Notes on Phalangidz, N. Banks. Note on the develop- ment of Deltocephalus inimicus Say, F. M. Webster. Preliminary re- vision of the Bombyces of America north of Mexico, B. Neumoegen and H. G. Dyar. Preliminary hand-book of the Coleoptera of northeastern America, C. W. Leng and W. Beutenmiiller, 1 pl. On the use of bisul- phide, A. P. Morse. An exodus of water beetles, W. T. Davis. Note on Xiphidium nemorale, W. Beutenmiiller. 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. gI 20. KNOWLEDGE. London, Feb. 1, 1895.—The Hessian fly, E. A. Butler, figs. * 21. BULLETIN 78. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Entom. Div.—The cabbage-root maggot, with notes on the onion maggot and allied insects, M. V. Slingerland, pp. 481-577, 18 figs. _ 22, INSEKTEN-BorsE, Leipsic, Nov. 15, 1894.—On the bases of varia- tion and aberration of the imago among Lepidoptera (cont.), Dr. M. Standfuss. 23. THE Entomo.ocist. London, February, 1895.—Dr. F. B. White (with portrait). The sense organs of insects: a speculation, J. Watson. Jumping beans and jumping eggs, C. C. Hopley. The cold Autumn of 1894, and its effects on certain species of the genus Vanessa, J. Arkle. Wood naphtha as a relaxing medium, R. South. 24. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW MEXICO COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC Arts, 1894. Las Cruces, N. M.—Entomology, T, D. A. Cockerell.—Bulletin No. 15, January, 1895. Entomological observations in 1894, Life zones in New Mexico, Entomological diary at Santa Fé, T. D. A. Cockerell. ; 25. PsycHe. Cambridge, Mass., February, 1895.—Rehabilitation of Podisma Latreille, S. H. Scudder. Two new species of Extomobrya, F. L. Harvey, figs. The Tipulid genera Bittacomorpha and Pedicia, J. M. Aldrich, fig. Gall of Zurytoma sp. on the cat’s-clawthorn, C. H. Tyler Townsend. 26. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, Xxxviii, 13. Brussels, 1894,—Retiring President’s address—the Ichneumonidae, M. Tosquinet.—xxxix, 1, Jan. 31, 1895. New ants from various localities, especially from Australia, A. Forel. 27. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, xxi, 4 3. Philadelphia, June-September, 1894.—New species of Noctuidz from , tropical America, W. Schaus. A catalogue of :he described Jassoidea of North America, E. P. Van Duzee. Descriptions of new parasitic Hy- menoptera, W. H. Ashmead. ; Ee ae. a Ps q 28. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. London, Ont., February, 1895. —The Coleoptera of Canada—vii. The Cucujidz of Ontario and Quebec, H. F. Wickham, figs. Summary of the U. S. Phasmidz, S. H. Scudder. Alypia mariposa larva, H. G. Dyar. Actias luna, H. H. Lyman. Cana- __ dian Coccide, T. D. A. Cockerell. Protective mimicry in spiders, F. M. _ Webster. Prepios, Tamphana and Arotros--a review, H.G. Dyar. On _ the Coleoptera of New Mexico and Arizona, including biologic and cther notes, C. H. T. Townsend. Acridium americanum, J. A. Moffat. E29. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAzINE. London, February, _ 1895.—Pre-occupied names and genera in the micro-lepidoptera, Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham. Relaxing and setting insects, W. Farren. 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, © 30. Insect LIF, vii, 3. Washington. Issued December, 1894. Re- ceived Feb. 11, 1895.—Damage by the American locust, L. O. Howard, figs. Chinch-bhg observations in Iowa in 1894, H. Osborn. The hiber- nation of the chinch-bug, C. L. Marlatt. The maple Pseudococcus (P. aceris Geoff.), L. O. Howard, figs. Notes on cotton insects found in Mississippi (cont.), W. H. Ashmead. The codling moth double-brooded, - C. L. Marlatt. A new saw-fly which is injurious to hollyhocks, T. D. A. Cockerell. Note on Alylesinus sericeus, E. A. Schwarz, fig. A new parasite of Mytilaspis pomorum, L. O. Howard. The patent on the hy- drocyanic acid gas process declared invalid, D. W. Coquillett. A new pear insect, fig. Scorpions, centipedes and tarantulas. General notes. 31. CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE by Charles J. Maynard, vol. ii, 1. Newtonville, Mass., July, 1893.—Notes on a singular specimen of the Polyphemus moth, Atfacus polyphemus, pp. 36-38, figs.—No. 4, Decem- ber, 1894. Defensive glands in a Bahama species of Phasma (pp. 191-193). . INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE. The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper was published ; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms. THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Weed 1, Lampa 6 (two), Grill 6 (two), Sharp to, Bertkau 11, Hartog 13, Megnin 14, Morse 19, Watson 23, South 23, Cockerell 24, 3, Farren 29, Coquillett 30. MYRIAPODA. Pocock ro. ARACHNIDA. Pocock 10, Cambridge 15, Banks 19*, Piersig 12, Webster 28, Anon. 30. THYSANURA. Schott 6, Harvey 25*. ORTHOPTERA. Hansen 6, Pawlowa 12, Beutenmiiller 19, Scudder 25, 28*, Moffat 28, Howard 30, Maynard 31. NEUROPTERA. Wallengren 6. HEMIPTERA. Bergroth 6*, Wallengren 6, Fowler 15, Van Duzee 27, Cockerell 28, Osborn 30, Marlatt 30, Howard 30. 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93 COLEOPTERA. Chittenden 5*, Wickham 7, 28, Verhoeff 8, 11, Schoch 9, Stierlin 9, Sharp 15*, Champion 15*, Leng and Beutenmiiller 19, Davis 19, Hopley 23, Townsend 28, Ashmead 30, Schwarz 30, Anon. 30. DIPTERA. Schmidt 3, Butler 20, Slingerland 21, Aldrich 25*. LEPIDOPTERA. Kirby 2, Druce 3*, Meves 6, Godman & Salvin 15*, Knaggs 16, Mosley 16, Hewett 18, Tutt 18, Neumoegen and Dyar 19*, Standfuss 22, Arkle 23, Schaus 27* Dyar 28 (two), Lyman 28, Walsingham 29, Grote 18, Riding 18, Freer 18, Marlatt 30, Maynard 31. HYMENOPTERA. Janet 4, Cameron 15*, André 17, Townsend 25, Tosquinet 26, Ashmead 27*, 30*, Cock-erell 30*, Howard 30*, Forel 26*. Doings of Societies. PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 12, 1895. A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Dr. Henry Skinner, 716 N. Twentieth Street. Members present: Messrs. Bland, Fox, Johnson, Dr. Griffith, Hoyer, Boerner, Trescher, E. Wenzel, Dr. Castle, Haimbach, Seeber, H. W. Wenzel, Laurent and Schmitz. Honorary members: Drs. Geo. H. Horn, John B. Smith and Henry Skinner. Meeting called to order at 8.30 p.M., Presi- dent Bland presiding. Dr. Horn mentioned that the cocoons exhibited at the last meeting by Mr. Seeber as being found in palm wood are prob- ably formed by a species of Sphenophorus, as some of the species are known to transform in such places and make cocoons as described. He then exhibited a fine and complete series of Pleocoma and Plusiotis, giv- ing the life-history of Pleocoma, stating that nearly all the species came from California, south of San Francisco. Plusiotis woodii, of which he exhibited a fine pair, were captured along the Rio Grande, Texas, by Dr. Wood, of the University of Pennsylvania. Prof. Smith stated that he had discovered an entirely new sexual char- acter in a species of Noctuidze, Remigia latipes, which consisted of a tuft of hair, resembling a brush, situated on the prothorax, which does not exist in any of the other species; he further stated that there would never be a true classification of Lepidoptera until a collection large enough should be formed, from which specimens could be taken and denuded ofetheir scales to allow of a thorough examination, instead of depending entirely on their superficial characters, as is mosfly the case at present. 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, Mr. Bland gave an interesting and graphic account of a trip he had made during last July along the banks of the Poho Poko Creek, which empties into the Lehigh River at Parryville, Pa., finding a few specimens of Ca- rabide, several of Berosus, Dineutes, Haliplus, Dryops and a number of Elmtis. Mr. Fox exhibited a bee, Eulema dimidiata, which he had recently received from Mexico, calling attention to the remarkable development of its tongue, which equaled the length of the body; he also exhibited a drawing of the tongue, showing the peculiar brush-like tip, which is present in the typical bees. Mr. Johnson exhibited specimens of Diptera and Hymenoptera, calling attention to the mimicry of these species; this brought forth a general discussion on the powers of mimicry in the insect world; various cases being cited where it had been observed. Dr. Horn, however, questioned the correctness of the use of the term, stating that in his opinion it was nothing more than a resemblance, which is very likely the true definition, as it seems very improbable that any insect is itself responsible for the imitative qualities it may possess, as it is no doubt simply thus endowed by nature for its self-protection, in the absence of the sense of reasoning, There being no further business the meeting adjourned to partake of an excellent banquet provided by Dr. Skinner. This meeting will no doubt prove a memorable one to its members, notably every member being present, and the spirit of the meeting being of a characteristically scientific nature, the discussions continuing even after the members had done ample justice to the viands set before them. Dr. Horn occupied the chair of honor, Dr. Skinner acting as toast-master and calling on Drs. Horn and Smith, and Messrs. Bland and H. W. Wenzel; the responses bringing forth many interesting historical facts pertaining to entomology probably never recorded. THEO. H. Scuitz, Secretary. The Entormological Section ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS. JANUARY 24, 1895. A regular stated meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences was held in the Hall, S. W. cor. Nineteenth and Race Streets, this evening, Dr. Geo. H. Horn, director, presiding. Members present: Horn, E, T. Cresson, Skinner, Welles, Seiss, Calvert, Laurent, Johnson, Fox, Ridings. Associates: Dr. Castle and Mr. Reinick. Mr. Fox exhibited specimens of Z/is tricincta and Pompilus juzta, taken at Lake Worth, Florida, by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. These have not been found in the United States prior to this time, being West Indian species. Mr. * F ae tw as, — hs. CO ee 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95 Johnson spoke of his studies of some Diptera as follows: The results of my recent study of the genus Sfratiomyia may be summarized as follows: the number of species in Osten Sacken’s catalogue recorded north of Mexico is twenty-nine; to this number Bigot has since added six, a total of thirty-five. Of these fourteen have been reduced to synonymy, six remain unidentified, one has been referred to a new genus, and two new species have been described. This leaves for our consideration sixteen species; these are divided into three groups, the first Stratiomyia, s. s¢r., contains five species; the second, Thereodonta, two; and the third, Nor- mula, nine.- The color pattern is still largely used in distinguishing spe- cies, but in almost every case the male and female have both been studied. Dr. Horn stated that his paper on Scymnus was nearly completed, and that he hoped to present it at the next meeting. Mr, Calvert quoted from Dr. Riley’s presidential address to the Ent. Society of Washington of February, 1894, that no species of Odonata habitually hibernated, and stated that Sympycna fusca has been found to regularly pass the Winter in the imago state, in numbers, in France. Dr. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder. The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws: Preparatory stages of Phlegethontius cingulata. By Harrison G. Dyar. I find that the life-history of this Sphinx has not been written. The larve occurred commonly on morning-glory vines near Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. £gg.—Flliptical, nearly spherical, not flattened ; smooth, shining, nearly colorless and translucent, with a greenish tinge; size 1.3.x 1.1 x 1.1 mm. Under a half inch objective the surface is smooth, shining, covered with circular shallow pits of varying size and irregularly distributed. Found on a leaf of bomaa tuberculata Roem. and Sch. First stage.—On hatching, entirely white, with a black horn. Head rounded, not shining, pale greenish yellow, mouth a little darker, ocelli brown; width .55 mm. Body cylindrical, smooth, shining, distinctly an- nulated, uniform whitish, the food giving a dark green shade by trans- parency. A faint, narrow, white subdorsal line ending at the horn. Horn Straight, thick, blunt at the end, black and minutely setose, its length a 1.5mm. al Second stage.—Head rounded, pale green, with many white setiferous _ granulations; ocelli black; width 1 mm. Body granular, the granules 4 -setiferous, white; color pale green; caudal horn black spinose, tapering, _ 2.5 mm. long. 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, Third stage (dimorphic).—Head rounded, green, with conical white granulations; a faint yellowish line runs up before the ocelli, in the brown form followed by a black shade posteriorly; width 1.8mm. Body cylin- drical, annulated, covered with white granulations; a very faint subdorsal line and indications of the seven oblique lateral lines, in the brown form preceded by black shades; spiracles surrounded by black and similarly colored marks on all the feet; spiracles ocherous. Fourth stage.—Head uniform light green, thickly covered with small, round, white tubercles; a vertical whitish line before the black ocelli, width 3.2 mm. Body roughened with many white granulations like those on the head, more elongated on the caudal horn and bearing there minute sete; color green, with a whitish shading and seven oblique lateral lines on joints 5-11, the last produced over joint 12 to the base of the horn, the others reaching from before the spiracle to subdorsal region, but con- tinued back on the succeeding segment by a faint white shade. Lines pale yellow, preceded by a bright green shade and marked centrally by a small dash of light purple. Horn green, yellow at tip; thoracic feet red- brown; spiracles rusty brown, bordered narrowly with ocher. Fifth stage (green form).—Head higher than wide, rounded, flat in front, smooth, shagreened; leaf green, with a broad, black, vertical band on each side covering the ocelli, which it just encloses by its well-defined anterior border; before it the ground color assumes a yellowish tint and preceding this yellowish shade is a faint, blackish clouded band; width 6mm. Body plump and robust, the segments annulated; head slightly retracted below joint 2, and joint 2 below joint 3; but body elsewhere of uniform size. Horn large, tapering, curved backward, covered with short ‘tubercles which bear very minute setze. Body smooth, colored leaf green, a little mottled with whitish, with the following purplish brown mottled marks: a patch covering the thoracic feet and their bases; an oblique, subventral patch on joint 6 analogous to the marks covering the abdomi- nal feet, each of which extends upward and forward obliquely in a broad band, ending at the anterior border of the segment; the one covering the anal foot extends along subventrally to the anterior edge of joint 11; sub- anal plate green, contrasting with the nearly black bases of the feet, bor- dered above by a faint brown subdorsal shade; a broad, subdorsal band, enlarged centrally on each segment, begins behind the cervical shield, widens and sends out an arm obliquely forward and downward on joints 5-11, each of which ends at the anterior edge of the segment before the spiracle. The band narrows on joint 11 posteriorly and ends at the horn, which is colored blackish brown with small greenish tip. The lateral branches of the subdorsal band are edged posteriorly with white, repre- senting the usual oblique stripes; spiracles black, with a linear ocherous border and central dividing line, those on joints 5-12 surrounded bya circular black patch, contiguous (except on joint 12) to the oblique lateral lines. Length about 115 mm.; of horn 7 mm. (Brown form) Head flesh-brown; a vertical black stripe over ocelli and 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 97 another near clypeus; sutures and jaws black. Body flesh-brown, densely covered with small, rounded, purplish black, confluent spots, almost cov- ering thesurface. Feet, cervical shield and venter entirely purplish black; on joints 3 and 4 a broad dorsal and narrow subdorsal bright brown band. Lateral oblique lines indicated by heavier mottlings above and predomi- nence of the ground color below; spiracles black, with orange-red and central line, surrounded by black. Pupa.—Tongue case large, distant from the body, extending to near the middle of the cases then recurved along the body to near its origin, rounded and a little enlarged at the end; cremaster broad, flat, narrowing laterally and ending in four short spines; color bright mahogany-red, darker on tongue case, cremaster nearly black. Length 64 mm.; width of thorax 15 mm.; length of tongue case about 47 mm.; distance from origin to joint of recurvature 21 mm.; diameter of tongue case 2.5 mm. , Vv THE COMPOUND EYE. _ By E. BRENDEL. The anatomical and physiological comparison of the organ of vision is certainly a most difficult undertaking. Though the study of the eye of the vertebrate animals has progressed during the last century in an ad- mirable way, notwithstanding there are left many obscure points which will perhaps never he elucidated. We do not know anything concerning the reversion of the image, nor the physiology of the cones, or bacillz. The art of photography has helped us considerably in proving the law of vision. The momentary retension of an image by the exposure to the eye of a living vertebrate animal for the reception of the projection of an object on the retina has been proved in a chemical way by developing and fixing the image on the retina, demonstrating a physiological analogy of the photographic camera and the eye. The image in the camera appears to us not convex, but as a geometrical projection, if the object is in all its parts equally illuminated, that is, shade- less. The presence of light and shade with its delicate gradation alone produce the imagination of rotundity in a rather defective way. In the human eye the image is also plain when we use only one eye, but there are other additional factors than the shades of the object pro- ducing the perception of rotundity. There is our experience by touch assisting our eye—then the very defect of our vision, seeing sharply only such parts of the object which lie nearest to the optical axis is partly cor- rected by the combined use of our two eyes as each one receives an image from a different standpoint. The axes of vision of our eyes are conver- gent and adjustable. One eye sees parts of the object which the other cannot see; but the congruity of the images makes us in reality see more than the geometrical projection of the object on the singlé retina and cor- fects the flatness of the image. The photographer imitates nature by E saicd 98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, combining two such images into one, the stereoscopic pictures which bring out the convexity of object provided we use each eye for the pictures on its own side only. The mobility of the eyeball and the changes of the form of the lens by the ciliary muscles are other factors assisting the perception of rotundity. Now, in the eyes of the insects all these accommodations to vision are wanting. The eyes are immobile, either single isolated eyelets (ocelli) or arranged in semi-globular clusters (compound eyes). The axes of vision of the eyelets in one cluster are divergent, nearing parallelism only with its next neighbor—eyelet. The form of the eyelet is not a globe, but a cylindrical cone, or, a better idea would be furnished by expunging from the globular eye a conical piece of the diameter of the cornea through the centre to the retina. The sensitive retinal portion is for that reason not so extensive as the corneal portion. The length of the cone is re- versely proportional to the convexity of the cornea; the more convex the cornea the shorter the focus, the shorter the cone, the more divergent the axes of vision of two neighbor-eyelets, the more convex the cluster of the eyelet and the smaller the number of eyelets in one cluster. The re- verse holds good in the same manner; the less convex the cornea the more numerous the eyelets and the less divergent are the axes of vision, The isolated ocelli seem to be more resembling the form of the verte- brate eye. In the spiders they are arranged by fours in two transverse curves on the front and on the vertex of the head, which is much more movable than in the hexapodal insects and the visual axes by twos are supposed to be almost parallel, consequently have a greater range of vision, As we do not know the physiological action of the parts of the retina in our own eye, much less we should speculate on the anatomy of the insect eye. We do not know even the situation of the sensitive parts, but we certainly know that the vision is very good, and the optical law are as applicant as with our own eye, and that the sensitive part must be- situated at the end of the transparent part. The brainal mass is transverse, connecting the ocelli and eye-clusters, One may suspect that there is a compensation of at least two neighboring ocelli for the formation of a perspective connected image of an object. The spherical arrangement of the eyelets of a cluster as they are rep- resented by the eyes of hexapod orders of insects, and in the fossil trilo- bites necessitate the more conical form of the single eyelet with a very limited range of vision and a divergence of the optical axes. If there is no compensation of neighboring eyelets, or of eyelets of the two clusters with parallel or convergent axes of vision as they really exist in large, prominent clusters, or where the cluster occupy aimost the whole head the single eyelet would see only a small part of the object, and the several partial images could not form a truly connected image of the whole object. The idea of unconnected vision was held by Johannes Miiller, and is known as the theory of the mosaic vision, which is, I think, generally re- 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 99 jected. The clusters of each side is connected by a rather massive trans- verse cylinder of nerve- or brain-matter, an apparently unnecessary ar- rangement—if the cluster or some of their respective eyelet would not co-operate. Such a co-operation would certainly only exist between eye- lets with parallel or convergent axes of vision and the clusters would be - very large and prominent, exhibiting parallel or convergent eyelets all € along the circumference of both the clusters. This is the condition of the eyes in all fast moving insects as in Cicindela, Cistela, dipterous, neurop- terous and lepidopterous insects in their imago state, and these insects avoid collisions by deviating in a distance of several meters, while others, as some Tenebrionidze and all those living in dark places or moving slowly possess flat lateral clusters, often situated on the inferior surface of the head. e Probably the peripheral eyelets of the large clusters of fast moving insects would be useful for perceiving distant objects and the eyelets nearer the centre of the cluster, single or combined with its neighbor- eyelet, but unable to receive the same rays as the opposite cluster for near lateral objects only. The movements of the Cicinde/a indicate the use of the peripheral eyelets for a clearer perception of objects. When approached sideways they do not move as quickly away, but turn their front or back towards the approaching object evidently for a clearer inspection. But there is another habit to be considered: one can observe the Cicinde/a for quite a length of time without alarming the insect, but as soon as you move its motions signalize that you are seen. When they are in motion, or the object is in motion, they evidently see quicker. When we look at the sun or other brightly illuminated object and turn our eyes toward a dark surface or close our eyes, we see a number of those bright objects which appear even after we annihilate the images by opening our eyes and closing them again; or, in other words, the retina retains for a certain time the images received. If we admit the existence of the law of the retinal retention of images in the arthropod as well as in the vertebrate eye, the photographer may demonstrate the production of a continued image in the eye clusters by the successive momentary exposure of a fast moving animal to the photographic plates and the effect of the moving series of pictures on our eyes when viewed through a small hole in a piece of pasteboard. We see then only one image of the animal in lively motion. When the image of a moving object falls successively on the retinula of a row of eyelets, or when the insect is in motion exposing the “retina of a row of eyelets to the image of an object at rest the eflect must be the same. These are certainly all merely presumptions based on the physiological _ actions of the vertebrate eye, but I do not see any reason to doubt that the laws and facts of vision in the insect eye be based on different princi- _ ples. The structure of the compound eye is so different, that one might _ doubt whether insects see at all or see multiple images or only small parts 100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {March, of an object, but by applying the retinal compensation and the retention of images a great many otherwise incomprehensible points may become reasonably clear, notwithstanding that we do not know for certain the locality of the projected image as we do on the retina of the vertebrate eye. We surely must be convinced by even the most superficial obser- vation that insects see, and see very sharply. It may be even pardonable to presume that insects are not color blind, and that not merely shades direct their motions. Accessory assistance by touch or other senses, even mental co-opera- tion ought not, in my opinion, be excluded or flatly denied. Moreover, to call, as some pretentious pastors do, the non-meaning term ‘‘instinct’’ to the assistance of science, is simply covering ignorance and indolence, ‘“denn wo Begriffe fehlén da stellt zur recten Zeit ein Wort sich ein.’’— Goethe’s Faust. Remark.—Those who have had opportunity to observe blind cave in- sects and the effect of light on them could furnish valuable suggestions on that subject. 2D Vv LARVA OF ORNEODES, ; By H. G. Dyar. I am able to add a reference to the Orneodidz to my article in the February number of the News, pages 38-40. The larve were received just too late to make the correction. From the larval characters, Orneodes hexadactyla belongs to the most typical section of the microlepidoptera. I have received also a number of larve of Pterophorida. Some of them possess the characters of the micros, so that my super-families Micro- lepidoptera and Anthrocerina are not sharply separated. This indicates that the Orneodidz and Pterophoridz are not so very distantly related. I have also before me the larva of Heterogynis paradoxa. As it is an exposed feeder, it has lost the circle of hooks on the pro- legs and possesses the structure of the ‘‘ Macrolepidoptera.”’ Nevertheless, the larval setze show it to belong to the micros, as do also the characters of venation. This number contains thirty-six pages. ENTOMOLOGICAL News for February, was mailed January 31, 1895. nt. News, Vol. . I J} MONUMENT ERECTED IN MEMORY OF THOMAS SAY, = VOL. Wwe. No. 4. 2 APRIL, 1895. EDITOR : HENRY SKINNER, M.D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Associate Editor. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: Gero. H. Horn, M.D. Ezra T. CRESSON. CHARLEs A. BLAKE. Rev. Henry C. McCoox,D.D. CHARLES LIEBECK. -—_———_)—___———__ PHILADELPHIA: ENTOMOLOGICAL Rooms or THE ACADEMY oF NaTURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. 1895. } Entered at the Philadelphia Post Office as Second Class Matter. Entomological News published monthly, excepting July and August, in charge of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. Annual subscription $1.00, in advance. (Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20) Advertising Rates: 30 cents per square inch, single insertion; a liberal discount on longer insertions. No advertisement bakes, for less than 60 cents. Cash in advance. je All remittances should be addressed to E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. BACK VOLUMES. Those who have not a complete set of Entomological News should obtain the wanting volumes now, especially of volumes 1 and 2. The prices are: Volume I (1890), $1.50; II (1891), $2.00; III (1892), IV (1893) and V (1894), each $1.00 per copy. Address: E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P, 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. Entomological Publications. Classification of Coleoptera of North America, by Drs. LeConte and Horn, 567 pp. 1883. é . $2.50 List of Coleoptera of America N., of Masies: By. S:; Henshaw, 1885 . 1.25 Synopsis of Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico, by E. T. Cresson. Part I, Families and Genera; Part II, Catalogue of Spe- cies and Bibliography, 1887. 3.00 Check List of Lepidoptera of Boreal Aim: ey Prof. Il. B. Smith, r6gr I.00 Horn (Dr. G. H.)—Revision of the ‘Tenebrisnice of America North of Mexico, 152 pp. 2 pl. 4to . 4 - 6,00 LeConte & Horn.—Rhynchophora of N. America: 4g8 as 1876 +? Se Seudder (S. H.)—The Life of a Butterfly, 182 pp., 4pls. 1.00 Guide to Commoner Butterflies of North. U. S. and Canada, 206 ni 1.25 Banks (N.)—Synopsis, Catalogue and Bibliography of the Neuropteroid Insects of temperate N. Am.; 1892, 47 pp., cuts . +50 Calvert (P. P.)—Catalogue of Ododiats of Philadelphia, with fatroddct tion to the study of the group; 1893, 124 pp., 2 pls. ; 4 1.00 Smith (J. B.)—Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Superfamily Noctuides found in Boreal America (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893) 424 pp., 8vo. — 2.50 —— Descriptions of new genera and ee of ie American) Noctu- ~ ide; 1894, 50pp., 6pl._ . ; 75 Neumoegen and Dyar.—A sraliniaary & revision ot the Lepidon. ; terous family Notodontidz, 1894, 30 pp. KN : ; ; «50 Price-Lists of other entomological papers may be had on application. The above sent on receipt of price by E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. ENT OMOLOGICAL NEWS ~ PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. vou. vi. APRIL, 1895. No. 4. CONTENTS: Webster—Thomas Say ......s.eeeeeeee 101 Horn—Vesperoctenus flohri Bates..... 114 Hulst—North American Geometrina in MROTIAU aes dacese ds asso ened ss 6 tee tt 116 European collections...........+.- 103-| Economic Entomology...............+ 118 Ottolengui—Aberration, variety, race IIGtES As NONS os ac sé acct ewe Caeasase 123 MOPMOOUN ciWer'a as cnd ccussesesse ys 107 | Entomological Literature ............. 125 Fall—Aphodius rugifrons.............. 108 | Doings of Societies..............2-.5-- 130 Slingerland—A curious hammock and Entomological Section. ..........-..+.- 131 ie IMMER ie piceweckesncvtss apse. > tog | Coquillett—A new Volucella from Wash- Skinner—Notes on Rhopalocera, with SS Se pee tee Pee cis ane descriptions of new species........ 112 : THOMAS SAY.—IV. ot By Prof. F. M. WEBsTER, Ohio. The vault in which are deposited all that remains of the ‘‘ Father of American Entomology,”’ in the March number of the News. The view of the vault and monument here presented is taken from Main Street and looking slightly south of west. The monument is of white marble, about six feet in height, the sculpture being sufficiently indicated by the engraving. It was erected in 1846, twelve years after the _ death of Say, by Alexander Maclure, at the request of his brother William, and bears the following inscriptions : EAST. FACE. Thomas Say. The Naturalist. Born in Philadelphia, July 27, 1787. Died at a tad Harmony, October 10, 1834. SOUTH FACE. of the founders of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ; January 25, 1812. 4 with the monument erected to his ‘memory by Alexander Maclure, brother of William Maclure, is located in the rear of the house in which Thomas Say breathed his last on Oct. 10, 1834, and which was shown in the illustration. pot 102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, WEST FACE. The friend and companion of William Maclure, whose surviving brother erected this monument. 1846--A.M. NORTH FACE. Votary of Nature even from a child, He sought her presence in the trackless wild ; To him the shell, the insect, and the flower Were bright and cherished emblems of her power. In her he saw a spirit all divine, And worshipped like a pilgrim at her shrine. The vault is of brick, arched, and entirely covered over with earth and grassy sward, its dimensions being about twelve by fourteen feet, the length extending from north to south, and the monument standing at the north end. The elevation of the mound is about three feet, while the excavation below ground is about six feet. Along the two sides and north end of this crypt, on the inside, there extend two platforms or terraces of solid brickwork, and on those on the east and west sides are deposited the remains of Alexander Maclure, Anna Maclure, and Margaret Maclure, brother and sisters of William Maclure, while on one of those on the north end, and nearest to the monument, are slowly mouldering away the mortal remains of Thomas Say, they having been disinterred and brought from their original resting-place in the cemetery by Mr. Maclure, at present represented by the bones only, all else being in a state of complete decay. Until within a year the vault contained also the remains of Mr. David Dale Owen, but these have recently been removed and interred in a cemetery near New Harmony. Very few persons have ever had an opportunity of viewing the inside of this crypt, and for a description, as well as a number of other points of information in this series of sketches, I am indebted to my esteemed friend, Mr. John B. Elliott, of New Harmony. The writer will never forget a most impressive and beautiful view of the.tomb and monument witnessed by him on a bright frosty morning in late November several years ago. As the guest of Colonel and Mrs Owen, he was assigned a room looking out upon the grounds included in the accompanying engraving. The night had been clear and frosty, the crystals forming thickly over every exposed object and increasing the dimensions of the ; eta . ’ ilk eS. a 1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. P - 103 slender twigs and kindered objects until they appeared several times magnified. On throwing back the shutters in the early morning the whole area—the tomb and monument especially, as appeared to me, were shrouded in purest white, thickly bespan- gled over with the most brilliant jewels of silver and gold—a fitting mantle, I thought, for the pure and unselfish man who slept so calmly and peacefully beneath its folds. ray NOTES ON TYPES OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOMETRINA IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS.—V. By Geo. D. Hutst. (Continued from page 73, vol. vi, ENT. NEws) Patridava tensaria Wik. 1689, is Tornos approximaria Pack. _ and isthe same as Exelis pyrolaria Gn. i, 324. Tornos infuma- taria Grt., the type in the Museum is the same species. Lepiodes scolopacinaria Gn. i, 360, is Tornos rubiginosus Morr. Scotosia inexplicata W\k. 1722, is a Noctuid upon the author- ity of Mr. Hampson, and I agree with him. The type lacks one front wing, and is otherwise in poor condition. Mr. Butler writes me: ‘‘I have placed it tentatively in the genus Azarta, which it much resembles in pattern.”’ Apicia denticulata Wik. Sup. 1544, is also.a Noctuid. ‘‘It is the rusty form of Pleonectypiera-pyralis Hbn., previously de- seribed by Walker as zrrecta, and by Grote as geometralis.”’ Mr. Hampton called my attention to the species, and Dr. Butler independently wrote me concerning it, and gave the synonym which I quote. i Cidaria rigidata Wik. 1727, is a synonym of Anficlea vasaliata Gn. ii, 407. Cidaria explagiata Wik. 1728, Larentia arctica Zell., Geometra albimacularia Frey, and Cidaria fulvida Butler are put by Mr. Warren as synonymous of Perizoma teniata Steph. There is probably some mistake here. Walker, in his description, says his type is from Nova Scotia. If I am not mistaken in my notes, the Museum type is from St. Petersburgh, Russia. Drepanodes siculata Gn. i, 67, is the same as D. perizonata Hulst. _ Apicia juncturaria Gn. i, 88, is Drepanodes effascinaria Hulst. Apicia incopularia Gn. i, 89, is the same species. 104° ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, Apicia spinitaria Gn. i, 85, is aSouth American insect, which 1 do not believe was ever taken in North America. It is, I think, an undoubted error in locality. oe Metrocampa pregrandaria Gn. i, 128, is the same as IZ, per- data Gn., and has priority on the page. Ellopia placearia Gn. i, 132, is very near to Tetracis mellitu- daria Hulst. The latter is at best a variety. . Eurymene emargitaria Gn. i, 145, is the same as E. arrogaria Hulst, and is not &. fervidaria H.-Sch. The type of Metanema forficaria Gn. i, 112, is lost. I have little doubt it is the same as 7etracis egrotata Gn. The type of Timandra viridipennaria may also be lost. It ought, by color, to be easily identified, but I cannot locate it. It may possibly be Nemoria pistacearia Gn., or NV. tepperaria Hulst. The type of Bronchelia dendraria Gn. is lost, but there is no doubt that it is a variety of B. hortaria. Tephrosia amplaria WIk. 405, is the same species, as is also Bronchelia disserptaria WIk. 451. Tephrina muscariata Gn. ii, 98, is Semiothisa delectata Hulst. ' Selidosema feminaria ii, 149, is not a synonym or variety of S. juturnaria Gn. ii, 147, but a dark form of 7ephrosia celataria Hulst. Aspilates sigmaria Gn. ii, 184, and Ellopia aniusaria Wk. 1507, are the same as Aujitchia ribearia Fitch. Eupithecia subapicata Gn. ii, 331, is the same as £&. occidentalis Pack. Melanippe tduata Gn. ii, 403, is Rheumaptera fluctuata L. The type of Coremia convallaria Gn. ii, 410, is lost. It seems to me it must be Ochyria lignicolorata Pack. from the description. The existence of the three rows of black points seems conclusive. - The type of Coremia plebeculata Gn. ii. 417, is lost. I feel certain, however, it is the same as Ochyria carneata Pack. Spargania magnoliata Gn. ii, 455, is one with Glaucopteryx — cumulatilis Grt. Cidarta mancipata Gn. ii, 468, is oe Petrophita leoninata Pack. The type is lost. The type of Eubolia custodiata Ga. ii, 491, is lost. The following species, accidently overlooked by me while at the Museum, were determined for me by Dr. Butler, and they have been given their places in the body of this article : 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 105 Tephrina retectata Wik. 959 = Psamatodes eremiata Gn. Cid- aria albopunctata Morr. = Caripeta divisata Wik. I had already determined this from the description. Aspé/ates intermicata W\k. 1076 = A. pervaria Pack. LEnnomos concisaria Wik. 1551 = Endropia serrata Dru. This also I had located from the de- scription. Camplogramma abruptata Wik. = Semiothisa gran- ttata Gn. Dr. Butler also infornis me there may be types of the Canada species of the D’ Urban collection in the Albert Memorial Museum at Exeter, where Mr. D’ Urban was curator. The following species of Walker I was not able to find in the Museum, nor do their names appear in the very complete manu- script catalogue of the collection : Acidalia arcticaria, 1594; A. suppressaria, 1594; A. inclusaria, 1596; A. albifera, List Sup., 1625; Aspilates abbreviata, List 1673; A. donotaria, 1674; Stegania guadrinotata, 1759; Zeph- vina pervelata, 1760. The following species of Walker, described from D’ Urban col- lection, are probably lost. They were given to the Entomo- logical Society of Ontario, and were in its possession in 1876. Somehow since, they have disappeared and are almost surely destroyed by Dermestes. These were described in the ‘‘ Cana- dian Naturalist,’’ vols. v and vi, and about the same time in the British Museum List. The references are to the list : Cleora tinctaria, 486 ; Boarmia convergaria, 488 ; B. ejectaria, 489; Macaria spilosaria, 1641. As said above, B. convergaria and B. ejectaria were declared by Mr. Grote to be synonyms, though he did not state of what species. As he made reference in this remark to six species, Cleora tinctarta and MV. spilosaria may have been included. Through an accidental overlooking of the types which may not exist, in the case of those of Guenée, I did not see the fol- lowing : Boarmia clivinaria Gn. Phal. i, 245; Tephrina sabularia Gn. ii, 205 : Phibalapteryx floridata W\k. 1719; Pseudosiona taylorata Butler. The following were described from colored pictures of Abbott, and may yet be identified : Boarmia porcellaria Gn. Phal. i, 252; Ceratonyx satanaria Gn. i, 194. 106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, The following I have not been able to positively identify, and cannot locate the types, if indeed they exist : Phatena bicolorata Fabr. Sup. 149-150; Oporabia punctipes Curtis, Appen. Ross’ 2nd voy. p. 73; Phastane cruciata Grt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1883, p. 55 ; Aydriomena transversata Kelli- cott, Buff. Bull., vol. v, 45, 1886; Pryocycla johnsondria Fitch, N. Y. Reports, xili, 530. Of these O. punctipes is almost certainly Glaricopteryx polata ; of P. cruciata I have lately seen the type and is one with 2. curvata Grt. H. transversatais probably 77. truncata. The type is lost. . johnsonaria is almost certainly Endropia.bilinearia Pack. and antedates it. / The following are shown in colored figures, but I feel uncer- tain about them : : Phalena virginiaria Cram., vol. iii, p. 275, f. G; Arrhostia lumenaria Hiib., Zutr. f. 757-758 ; Hypargytts pustularia Hib., f. 103-104; Dysstroma morosata Hiib., 879-880; Petrophora divisata Hiib., Ex. Schm., Lep. v, Pet. B, Flavea; Eulepidotis alabastaria Hiib., f. 311-312; Larentia profugaria H.-Sch. Auseu. Schm., f. 410-411. P. virginiaria looks like Bronchelia hortaria; A. lumenaria is very probably Ephyra pendulinaria Gn.; H. pustularia is likely Eumacaria brunnearia Pack. D. morosata may not be from the United States, as the locality is given as ‘‘ Nord Amerika.’’ £. alabastaria may be Acidalia enucleata Guen. Mr. Warren has quite a number of new species from North America in the British Museum collection. They have type labels and manuscript names upon them, but have not yet been described. I have made no mention of them in these notes, as they have as yet no scientific standing. The most of them are synonyms of already described species, and with one or two exceptions none have, I think, anything more than varietal standing. THE youth of Germany, Jaeger says, are extremely fond of Field- crickets, so much so, that there is scarcely a boy to be seen who has-not several small boxes made expressly for keeping these insects in. So much delighted are they, too, with their music, that they carry these boxes of crickets into their bed-rooms at night, and are soothed to sleep with their chirping lullaby.—Zi/e of Amer. Jns., p. 114. MON ae 1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 107 ABERRATION, VARIETY, RACE and FORM. By Dr. RODRIGUES OTTOLENGUI. (Continued from page 80, vol. vi, ENT. NEws.) Professor Packard argues against increasing the burden of nomenclature ; but there is good reason why names should be given, if they could only be attributed intelligently. Let us suppose that a man breeds an insect and produces from the larvee two distinct forms—-one typical and the other sufficiently numer- ous in proportion to the whole brood that it is assured to be a variety rather than an aberration. According to Prof. Smith and Dr. Skinner, it would be best not to name this new variety, because it is known positively, despite its extreme difference in appearance, to what species it belongs. He therefore merely reports his work without assigning a name. Fifty years after him a student discovers a form, new to him, and not in the col- lections of his acquaintances. He cannot be held responsible for not knowing what the first man wrote, for he might be unable to obtain the work in which the record was made. He would, therefore, be tempted to consider it a new species. If, however, the first man named his variety the name would always appear in our check lists, and the student would instantly know that his supposed new form might be but a variety, and with the name in the check list to suggest such a search he would look for the record and find it. I think that names should be given to all distinct and permanently occurring forms for this reason. In the matter of varieties, if there is only the typical and one extreme form, the latter being more abundant than any of the intergrades, then I would name the extremes, because they, the typical and the extreme, could always be dissociated from the intergrades, and thus represent something distinctive. Where there are several distinct forms, which can be dissociated from the inter- grades, then each distinct form should receive a varietal name regardless of the existence of intergrades. The local race should also receive a name, for it is very close to a new species in the order of evolution. Dimorphic and sexual forms should receive names to indicate to the student that they belong to a known species. Aberrations should rarely receive a name until found in suff- cient numbers to indicate that the prophecy of a forthcoming variety might be fulfilled. I think examples of opposite sexes, though only one of each were found, would suffice for this. 108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [April, APHODIUS RUGIFRONS. By H. C. FAL.t. Among the species of Aphodius occurring in So. California, A. rugifrons is, in several respects, peculiar. Unlike every other species of the genus with which I am acquainted, the approach of Winter rather than of Spring is the signal for its appearance. Like Pleocoma, it should be sought immediately after the first considerable rainfall in November or December. For several years I have at this season taken examples of this species, but as it is called for by every eastern collector with whom I have exchanged, the supply has never equaled the demand. The past season I determined to make special effort to renew my stock, and began to look for it as early as the latter - part of October. As I anticipated, however, not an individual appeared until the first rain of consequence, which occurred December 5-8. Asearch through the garden on the gth revealed dozens of specimens ; almost every small object lying on the surface sheltered one or more, while the numerous little openings in the damp soil showed the manner of their advent. In colora- tion the elytra are normally yellow with black markings, but about one example in ten is entirely piceous. The size also varies, unusually .10 to .15 inch, the smallest specimens being in this respect inferior to every other species in our fauna. In addition to the above it may be remarked that never in my experience have the beetles been seen on the wing, nor have they ever been found in situations usual to the species of the genus. The limited geographical range, time of appearance, small size, retiring habits and brief stay, are factors which have com- bined to make rugifrons up to this time a rarity in collections. Besides rugifrons, | have taken in So. California gvanarius, lividus, alternatus, rubidus, militaris, pardalis and /uxatus. With the exception of granarius and rudidus, none are at all common, while Zividus and pardalis, so far as I know, have not been re- corded from this section. A very pretty species of Cetoniide, the Agestrata luconica, is of a fine brilliant metallic-green, and found in the Philippine Islands. These the ladies of Manilla keep as pets in small bamboo cages, and carry them wheresoever they may go.—Baird’s Cyclop. Nat. Sci., London, 1858. aT & % armas 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 109 A CURIOUS HAMMOCK AND ITS MAKER. Coriscium cuculipennellum Hiibner. By M. V. SLINGERLAND, Ithaca, N. Y. In 1890 I noticed that several of the leaves on a young ash tree near my office window had been rolled into peculiar cones by some insect. The same year, while reading that quaint and charming little volume on ‘‘ Insect Transformations,’’ written by Rennie three-score years before, I found, on page 324, an inter- esting account (from Bonnet) of this or a similar ingenious cone- maker. This account led me to study the insect more closely, with the results given below. I succeeded in rearing some of the adult insects in July, 1891. In the figure A is shown one of the grayish fuscous moths, - about three times natural size ; the markings on the wings are of a dark-brown color. A specimen was sent to Dr. Fernald, who finally decided (in January, 1893) that it was a new species ; and he gave it the manuscript name of Coriscitum slingerlandella. Anyone whose name has thus been applied to some insect can understand the peculiar interest with which I then looked upon the little creature. But Dr. Fernald had sent one of my moths to Lord Walsingham in February, 1892. Nearly a year later, and about a month after Dr. Fernald had named the moth, word came from Lord Walsingham that the insect was identical with one of Hiibner’s species, cuculipennellum. Dr. Fernald has called attention to the fact that the insect had never been ob- served in this country before (‘‘ Canadian Entomologist,’’ xxv, 196). It was with a slight twinge of regret that I relabeled my specimens with the equally long name, and proceeded to search the literature for some account of its habits;which might sup- plement my observations. -I found that Ragonot had given a detailed account of its life-history in 1873 (Bull. de Soc. Ent. de France, pp. 166-168). The following account of the life-history of this curious ham- mock-maker is drawn from my observations and from the accounts of Rennie and Ragonot: The pretty little moths emerge in the latter part of Summer or early Fall and doubtless hibernate. They come forth in the Spring and ‘‘ deposit a single egg upon the upper surface of the leaf by the side of the mid-rib near the tip. A week or ten days later the larva leaves the egg and 1@ fe) introduces itself under the epidermis. the petiole, it mines a long and straight gallery the length of the The cast skin which it de- tauken't is extremely fine, shining and silvery, resembling the trace of a The pale redish-brown ex- crement is scattered in the mine. Arriving at the petiole, the larva ascends near the edge and suddenly . enlarges its mine in the form of a plate, and the edge of the aft is curved up and rolled. Soon it is no longer contented with ruminating in the leaf, and attacks it Poe Fic. A. directly, devouring tion of its habita the leaf. This comes too narrow upon another leaf.’’ it begins at the tip obliquely into a the whole leaf is in the figure C; portion of it, as in’ “served the mining but the curious ous objects among in June (in August in France). ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Directing itself towards [April, a considerable por- tion at the edge of lodging soon _be- for it, and it goes (Ragonot). Here and rolls the leaf cone. Sometimes involved, as shown but usually only a B. I have never ob- habits of the insect, cones are conspicu- the normal foliage The larva continues to feed upon the edges of the leaf that are rolled into the interior of its conical home. About June 15 the larva reaches ma- turity, and is then from 8-10 mm. long, and of a light yellgwish flesh color, greenish dorsally, the head a little darker than the body, and the mouth-parts brownish. pro-legs borne by the third, fourth, fifth and tenth abdominal segments. considerably wrinkled, and the whole body is sparsely clothed with quite long whitish hairs. In its preparation to transform one must ad- mire the larva’s foresight and intelligence. It has four pairs of The segments are It Fic. C, first eats almost through the leaf over a small round area, taking care to leave only the outer epidermis of the leaf, and thus forms he gtr rol VRE 2 z es Wipe, IS Ae ek Pee ani 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Ill a little window, scarcely larger thana pin’s head. This epidermal window-pane serves to keep out all foes, and, as we shall see later, facilitates the emergence of the moth. Within its capacious one-windowed chamber it now proceeds to build its hammock, within which it changes to a pupa. The walls of the cone-like home have been cut away in C to show this pupal hammock. No one has seen the larva swing this hammock. But it is proba- bly accomplished by first spinning a single-cable bridge of several silken threads from a point near the window to another point, sufficiently distant, on the opposite wall of the chamber. When satisfied that this silken cable is well anchored at each end, the larva doubtless stretches itself along the cable near the centre, with its head toward the window, and then proceeds to spin about itself a silken hammock—its cocoon. The cocoon is white in color, and has several ribs running its whole length. The pupa rests in its silken hammock for nearly a month; then, with the aid of a beak-shaped projection on its head, it tears open the end of the cocoon, and the window is soon reached. One cannot but marvel at the foresight of the little larva in making this window, then fastening one hammock rope at its edge, and, finally, always getting into the hammock with its head toward the window. The beaked head of the pupa soon bursts through the window-pane and projects itself half-way out of the opening, and soon the pretty moth emerges and flits away to find some secure hiding place for the Winter. Some of the conical homes containing the pupal hammocks became dry and hard in my cages, and the pupz were then unable to break through the window. When I broke some of the windows the moths emerged freely. Thus the little windows are made pri- marily for the purpose of facilitating the emergence of the adult insect. And, as Rennie says, ‘‘In order to render this little door easy to be found, the caterpillar, as if foreseeing that the blind pupa could not otherwise discover it, fixes one of the suspensory threads near its margin, guided by which the insect makes its exit with the utmost ease, for the head is uniformly swung up by the door thread.”’ Hiibner found the cones on Privet ; I have thus far seen them only on Ash. There is apparently but one brood of the insect ina year. Each year, as I look from my office window and see a few of these peculiar cones on the Ash tree, I am more and more impressed with the almost human intelligence displayed by this little hammock-maker. 112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, Notes on Rhopalocera, with Descriptions of New Species. By Dr. HENRY SKINNER, Philadelphia, Pa. We have in our lists a number of species which are stragglers from other faunz, and among them some that are supposed to be improperly credited to our fauna. Mr. Edwards, in his cata- logue published in 1884, gives a list of these. I have in my collection a specimen of Papilio cresphontinus Martyn, ‘‘ Psyche,”’ t. 3, fig. 8, t. 4, fig. 10 (1797). This was taken at Key West, Fla. The species is well figured in the ‘‘ History of Cuba,’”’ by Sagra. I have also recently had sent to me for identification a species of Kvicogomia described in the ‘‘ Biologia Centrali- Americana,’’ under the name of wnicolor. It is described by Godman and Salvin as follows: Alis Sulphureo-flavis unicoloribus, subtus (praeter dimidio anticarum basali aurantio) pallidioribus et sericeis ; linea longitudinali mediana albida. The specimen came from Comal County, Texas. I -have also had direct from its collector a specimen of Victorina steneles taken in Blanco County, Texas, in November, 1894. Lycena xerces Boisd., which was supposed to be extinct, has been recently taken in California. I have received a pair in exchange, but was not informed of the exact locality where they were caught. Thecla sarita n. sp.—Upperside of all wings immaculate ; fringes white. The hind wings each have a delicate tail about one-eighth inch in length, black, with a distinct white tip which is about one-fourth the entire length of the tail. The costa at the base is reddish brown. All wings area dark purple color like some of our species of Chrysophanus ; this color is brighter in the centre of the wings, the remainder being blackish. There is a projection of the wing at the anal angle which might also be called a tail. Underside of all wings bright green; the superiors have a narrow, bright, silver stripe extending from the costa to about third median nervule; this stripe runs parallel to and about one-eighth inch from the exterior margin. The lower half of the superior wing is light gray. There is a similar silver stripe on the inferiors, extending from the costa to the anal angle; this stripe is swollen in the middle and becomes very narrow, and on reaching the border of the wings bends at an acute angle and runs to the abdominal margin, thus forming a V. There isa distinct border to the inferior wing about an eighth of an inch wide, the inner line of the border. being covered with bluish-silver and red scales, the border itself being composed of red scales and spots on a gray back- ground. The projection at the anal angle has on it a round red spot, partly surrounded by white. The purple upperside and the bright green below with the silver bands make this a very distinct and beautiful species. It expands about one and one-eighth inches. \ so 1895. } _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 113 Tieactibed from one specimen, a 3, received from Mr. F. Rauterberg, who has kindly permitted me to retain the type, which came from Comal County, Texas. Meliteza neumoegeni n. sp. or var.—The specimens were received some time ago from Mr. Neumoegen and have been in my cellection and his under the manuscript name above given. Male. Expands one and a half inches. Upperside + all wings bright brick-red, fringes white, alter- nating with black at the nerve endings. The wings are edged by a very narrow black line, and just inside of this and very close to it is another line of like character. The superiors have comparatively few markings, and these are faint. In the cell are two rings, and at the end of cella black irregular line running from the costa; beyond this is another line of similar character, and there are a number of yellowish lunule-like markings at the tip. The inferiors are marked in a similar way, but there is considerable black at the base of the wing. Underside : the superiors practically as above, but all markings less distinct, except at the apices, where there are four or five distinct white spots, and below these, on the margin, twomore. The inferiors, asin JZ. gab6i2, with silvery-white spots. but the intervening spots are brick-red and with no black of any moment, The females are larger and present the usual differences found in the genus. Itis difficult to accurately describe species of Melitza, but this one differs from other species in its peculiar color and the paucity of markings, especially on the superiors below. Described from three specimens in my own collection and from several in the late Mr. Neumoegen’s. In the list it would prob- ably stand next to 7. gadéiz7.. From Utah. Eudamus protillus rauterbergi n. var. ¢’.—Expands one and three-fourths inches. OUpperside: dark smoky-brown in color; the superiors have nine hyaline spots, a faint one on middle of costa, and three extending in a line between this and the inner angle; one in middle of disc and a faint one in the interspace above ; three are close together below the costa on the outer third of wing. Inferiors imnimaculate, with tails a half inch in length. Fringes alternating black and cinereous. ‘Underside - superiors as above. Inferiors grayish with blackish longitudinal bands. This form is smaller and very much darker than Profi/lus ; the fringes are far less marked, and the tails lack the admixture of light hairs; the maculation is about the same, but in all other ways there is much dif- ference. One specimen from Mr. F. Rauterberg, who received it from Comal County, Texas. I have also seen a specimen belonging to Dr. Wm. Barnes, taken in Arizona. Amblyscirtes celia n. sp. ¢.—Expands one and one- eighth inches. Upperside: dark smoky-brown, almost black ; fringes alternating black 114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (April, | and cinereous. Superiors have the usual three small spots on outer third of wing extending in a row from costa; there is a row of small yellowish white spots running across the centre of the wing ina line with the apex and middle of the interior margin ; they vary in number in different specimens from none to four or five. Inferiors immaculate. Underside: superiors practically as above. Inferiors very finely mottled with light gray scales and showing in centre of the wings a number of small, indistinct whitish spots. The sexes are alike, except in the usual difference in size and the female having less of the central spots on superiors above. This species is dark as in vialis, nysa, samoset and ¢extor, and in markings nearest to e@nus, but is entirely different in color. Described from specimens from Blanco, Comal and Nueces Counties, Texas. ny U VESPEROCTENUS FLOHRI Bates. By Gro. H. Horn, M.D. The insect indicated by this name will probably remain unseen to the vast majority of the readers of NEws, and would have remained unmentioned here but for an article in a recent number of ‘‘Ent. Mo. Mag.’’ Vesperoctenus, at first glance, resembles a longicorn of the Leptura series apart from its flabellate antennz, and was de- scribed by Mr. Bates as allied to that series, especially to Ves- perus, from which it partly derives its name. My knowledge of the insect came through a pair of males collected in the Peninsula of California, and were referred to me for study with the other Coleoptera collected there by the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences. I would certainly have described the species as entirely new had not a timely visit from Mr. Flohr prevented. ; In my paper on the Coleoptera of Baja California I could not agree with Mr. Bates, but placed the insect in the Rhipiceride, giving my reasons and citing Callirhipis as a convenient point of comparison. ’ In the article in ‘‘Ent. Mo. Mag.’’ Mr. Gahan defends the opinion of Mr. Bates, and, of course, criticizes mine. At present I do not propose to continue any argument, having said all that I deem necessary on my own part, and will leave to others the adoption of either view. _My comparison with Calli- rhipis was, as stated, a mere matter of convenience from its flabel- 1895.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 15 ate antennze, but my argument is intended to apply to the entire family as characterized in the books, the genera composing it being but few in number and differing widely. My principal object in writing. these lines is to object to a method of argument on Mr. Gahan’s part, and it is not the first time that the method has been used by my English friends in argument against myself and Dr. LeConte. It is the assumption that we have no collections for reference beyond our own species. **In fact, I believe that Dr. Horn himself, were he really ac- quainted with Vesperus * * *’’ such is the insinuation, and it is untrue. Again, I certainly did not intend ‘‘to impute carelessness or worse’ to Mr. Bates, but I must be allowed the privilege to differ in opinion when I think there is reason. No one can have higher regard for Mr. Bates than I, but no matter how learned a man may be it is possible to be in error at times and there is not a master in Entomology in whose writings there are not errors of judgment or through carelessness, or even both. . ‘Had I been compelled to admit that I had not seen Vesperus the criticism of Mr. Gahan is equally a criticism of the published descriptions and figures of that insect. At Cumana (a city of Venezuala), the use of the Cucujus (F/ater noc- tilucus) is forbidden, as the young Spanish ladies used to carry on a cor- respondence at night with their lovers by means of the light derived from them. —Baird’s Cyclop. Nat. Sci., London, 1858. THE Mantis religiosa of America is said to make a most interesting pet when tamed, which can be done in a very short time and with but very little pains. Professor Glover, of the Maryland Agricultural Col- lege, tells me he once knew a lady in Washington who kept a Mantis on her window, which soon grew so tame as to take readily a fly or other small insect out of her hand.—Cowan’s Curious Facts. CHERNETID ATTACHED TO A FLy.—In Europe a number of Chernetids have been found attached to various insects. In this country, I believe, but one species has been recorded,—Chelifer alius on Alaus oculatus by Leidy. This appears to be the same as Ch. oblonmgus Say. I have re- cently received, through Mr. C. F. Baker, a specimen of Chelanops pallipes Bks., collected by Mr. J. C. Cowan at Hotchkiss, Colo., which Was attached to a fly—a species of Dexide. (Ch. pallipes was previously known from California. —NaTHAN BANKs. 116 [April, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Published monthly (except July and August), in charge of the joint publication committees of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. It will contain not less than 300 pages per annum. It will main- tain no free list whatever, but will leave no measure untried to make it a necessity to every student of insect life, so that its very moderate annual subscription may be considered well spent. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $1.00, IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada $1.20. ga@> All remittances should be addressed to E. T. Cresson, Treasurer, P. O. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa.; all other communications to the Editors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1895. A LETTER TO THE “NEWS.” tam, I suppose, a tryoin entomology, yet I am earnestly and constantly seeking help and advice from books and periodicals on entomology. I spend twelve weeks each year teaching ‘some hundred and fifty pupils about insects, their structure and habits. This is done not from books, but from insects themselves. I collect each Summer about twenty-four species of insects, in quantities of from 200 to a 1000 of each species. You can easily understand that Iam likely to get many insects of other species. I know at sight about 150 species of beetles and quite a number, say fifty to a hundred species of Hymenoptera and Diptera. I have a collection of about rooo species of insects. Yet, notwithstanding all this, I find the reading of the News uninteresting. It tells me about so many species of insects of which I have no knowledge, nor the slightest conception what they are, nor means of finding out; while it tells me so little of those with which I do have a speaking acquaintance, or how to increase my knowledge of insects in general. I am not.even suggesting that the News should change its plan of work to benefit me, or those like me. I know it is vastly more creditable, even if less profitable, to publish a paper the back numbers of which, filed away unread in entomological libraries, will be overhauled and quoted as authority twenty or fifty years from now. But that does not help me, nor those like me. I want help, suggestions, inspiration NOW. I have as yet ound no periodical of that kind. The entomological journals for ama- teurs that I have already seen so far, are enough to make a man weep. But I know that there is a field for an entomological journal less technical than the News, but still scientific and respectable. RRB 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 117 ~ It seems to me that entomologists are of two kinds: First, amateurs, who have learned what little they do know by the hardest means, and who aré yet timid about asserting what they do know ; Second, fullfledged entomologists, born fullgrown with a net in their hands. I do not think the latter class have a contempt for the former, but through a lack of — knowledge of the experiences of the first they act as they would act if . they did have a contempt for the first class. You will certainly understand that in my remarks I do not intend to make any strictures upon the News ; but I am merely trying to state facts, as nearly as I can see them, that renders it undesirable to subscribe for the News.—N. A. H. WE have published this letter, as it is one of a kind that we receive not infrequently. The News, as one of our former subscribers termed it, “shoots over the heads of some people.’’ Now, the question is, how can this be remedied? The author of this letter claims to bea teacher of entomology, not from books, but from the insects themselves. He is the very man to give us an occasional popular article. The editors can’t afford to write popular articles to make up each issue of the News, as they have not the time so to do, and they are entirely dependent on sub- scribers for such articles. We try to have something in each number of interest to every one, and if we fail we can’t help it. Some time ago we sent out circulars to all subscribers asking for popular articles, but they came not. If any subscriber fails to find.one dollar’s worth in the three hundred and twenty or more pages of NEws we give for that amount, he had better invest his money in some other channel and become a millionaire. It will be found that the articles in the News are written pretty much by the same people each year, and, while we are more than pleased with them, we would also like to hear from the people who are always talking about a more popular journal. We think many subscribers must be under the impression that the News is a money-making scheme, and that those conducting it are making a fortune. The editors and all those connected with it subscribe their dollar, and they think they get an ample return : moreover, the American Entomological Society aids the News financially, and every subscriber is indebted to said society, as it pays part of each subscription. Now, ye lovers of popular articles turn in and do your share and stop growling. THE striped turnip-beetle, Hadtica nemorum, commonly called the Turnip-fly, Turnip-flec, Earth-flea-beetle, Black-jack, etc., is a well- known species from the ravages the perfect insect commits upon the turnip. In Devonshire, England, in the year 1786, the loss caused by these insects alone was valued at £100,000 sterling. And in the Spring of 1837 the vines in the neighborhood of Montpellier were attacked to su great an extent by another species, Hadtica oleracea, in the perfect state, _ that fears were entertained for the plants, and religious processions were instituted for the purpose of exorcising the insects.— Curtis Farm Insects, p. 22. 4* 118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, DEPARTMENT OF EGONOMIG ENTOMOLOGY. Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. — Illinois Entomology.—The 18th Report of the State Entomologist on noxious and beneficial insects of the State of Illinois for the years 1891 and 1892 is at hand. This is the 7th Report by Forbes, and it is certainly no worse than any that have preceded it. Practically, the Report is taken up by a treatise on insects that are injurious to corn; and this subject is handled more fully and more practically than ever before. A decidedly marked feature in the Report is the frequent recommendation of farm practice to prevent injury by the insects, and this is fully in line with the conclusions that [ have been forced to more and more during the past years. Insecticides unquestionably have a very great range of usefulness, and for some purposes it will be impossible to do without them ; but, on the other hand, I think there is as little doubt that in a great variety of cases we can reach the desired end, not so much by poisoning the insects, but by simply preventing their propagation by reasonable methods of farm culture. It is rather interesting, and it marks a somewhat new phase in handling the subject, that as against the corn aphis the destruction of the nests of certain ants is recommended. Of course, there is nothing . very new at the present time in the relation of ants to plant lice; but I believe that this is the first time the practical possibilities involved in this relation have been taken advantage of for the benefit of the farmer. A somewhat interesting feature of the Report is the fact that the sensory pittings of antennz and legs of the plant lice are figured. I believe I was the first of recent date to draw attention to the usefulness of these pit- tings, and the, pictures published by me in Bulletin No. 75 of the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station were the first ever pub- lished in any economic work where plant lice were treated. “A Benighted Country: That is what Mr. Edwin C. Reed calls Chile, and the following experience, which he details, goes far to support him. He writes : ‘‘In 1891-92 I was commissioned to stop an invasion of locusts that passed the Andes and laid some forty tons of eggs in Southern Chile. There was great alarm and a vote of $200,000. I found that the climate would kill them off, except in a few snug corners, where I did what was needful. The locusts were exterminated, and less than $5000 spent ; but I got no thanks.”’ Now, with all due regard to Mr. Reed, he should have taken some lessons in the United States in order to have managed this matter properly, to the advantage of economic entomology, and to make a great man of himself. After he discovered that the climate would kill off all the locusts, except in a few snug corners, he should have kept this 1895. | . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 119 knowledge carefully to himself; he should have used all sorts of materials for experimental purposes in those places where the climate would have killed them off anyway, and he should have spent every cent of the money, carefully avoiding those snug corners. Then, next year he should have pointed with pride to the fact that wherever he had been and had tried his experiments that there no locusts appeared, and that only where he had not made applications the insects again appeared the following year. The facts would have been incontrovertible and Mr. Reed would have made a reputation that would have lasted the balance of his life, and would have had, besides, the pleasure of expending a snug little fortune. Mr. Reed is undoubtedly a good entomologist in more ways than one, but in our own country I am afraid that he would be considered as sadly behind the times. Chinch-bugs Again.—Bulletin No. 37 of the Minnesota Experiment Sta- tion furnishes another chapter in the history of experiments against this insec:. Dr. Lugger makes substantially the same recommendations for fighting the insects that are made by Prof. Forbes, and he also has had some experience with the ‘‘ white muscardine.’’ In giving the experience on the Experiment Station Farm, Dr. Lugger shows that the disease appeared there and spread with exceedingly great rapidity during a spell of suitable—that is, wet weather, and that the recurrence of dry, warm weather checked the disease and prevented its further spread. This is, of course, in accordance with the observations made elsewhere. He finds further, however, that after distributing a great lot of insects covered with the fungus to many different points in Minnesota that there were out- breaks of the disease, in some cases sufficient to check further injury. It is admitted that these outbreaks were so extensive that it seemed almost unreasonable to ascribe them to the infestation introduced by the dead bugs; but, on the other hand, is seems that only where these insects were introduced was there any appearance of the disease. All this evi- dence is interesting, and all runs towards a single direction. It will prove without question a good thing to distribute the disease and to introduce it into all parts of the country where the chinch-bug occurs in injurious numbers ; but, having done this, we have done nearly all that it is pos- sible to do. Nature must do the rest—that is to say, it depends then upon the character of the season and upon the meteorological conditions as to whether or not there will be a development of the disease sufficient to do practical good. Again we note a tendency to recommend farm practice and methods of cultivation as remedial—or rather preventive measures—and I feel very certain that the more the insects are studied in the field, and the more we know of their feeding and hibernating habits, the more these methods will come into use for preventing injury from insects. I am convinced that in the course of another decade measures against insects will be quite different in their character from those prac- ticed at the present time. 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.. [ April, The Potato Stalk Borer.—This species, 7vichobaris trinotata Say, has been unusually abundant in some parts of New Jersey during the season of 1894. Some parts of Pennsylvania also have been troubled, and among them the vicinity of Germantown—-the locality from which the very first reports of injury from this insect were ever received as far back as the days of Harris and Fitch. The insect has been much more troublesome in the Western States than it has been in the East heretofore, and, curi- 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 121 ously enough, none of the collections accessible to me three or four years ago had a single New Jersey specimen of this species, so that I could not list it among those found in New Jersey. The figures herewith given show a series of vines eaten out by the larva—a series of vines cut at the base 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, to show the location of the pupa-cell and drawings of the larva, pupa, and imago. Practically, the insect can be dealt with rather easily. It remains in the vines throughout the Winter, as a rule, or at least remains in them until they are dead and dried. Burning the vines as soon as the potatoes are harvested results in destroying all the beetles. Where vines become infested moderately only—that is, not more than three or four larve to a vine—the liberal application of readily soluble fertilizers will stimulate the plants, so that it will make and mature a crop in spite of the - injury done by the insects. Legislation Against Injurious Insects.— Bulletin No. 33 of the Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, treats of this subject at some length, giving the full text of all the laws heretofore passed on the subject, and in addition some of the decisions of the courts upon the laws. It appears from this Bulletin that eleven States have passed laws more or less completely covering the subject, British Columbia being included in this enumeration. In Missouri, Kansas, Minnesota, and Nebraska grasshoppers alone form the subject of legislation. In Cali- fornia legislation is most thorough and covers the entire subject. Oregon, Washington and Idaho, as well as British Columbia, have tolerably com- plete provisions. The New Jersey Act is intended to be comprehensive ; but at present writing has not yet succeeded in passing the gauntlet of * House, Senate, and Governor and becoming actually effective. Foul Brood has become the subject of legislative action in New York and in Utah, and, if the present agitation continues, something will prob- ably be done in New Jersey. Most of the opposition in New Jersey comes from the farmers themselves. and practically from one section of the country, where the insect question has not forced itself upon them very strongly from the nature of their agriculture. Peculiarly enough, how- ever, that very section which opposes general legislation suffers from ‘‘Foul Brood,” and is very anxious to obtain legislative action on this particular subject. It affords a very pretty illustration of human nature, and it shows that it always depends upon whose ox is gored as to whether or not it becomes necessary to take active measures. It will become interesting if, in the future, we can obtain reports from the various States in which laws exist as to their workings. I have fol- lowed with some interest developments in New York State on the Black Knot question, and was a great deal amused on one occasion in talking with a farmer to have him declare that if it was anywhere within his power the law would be enforced and he would see to it that no black knots existed in his vicinity. A little later, strolling through his place, I ran across a clump of old cherry trees on a hillside that were simply | covered with black knot, and I was further interested later on when I asked him whether he knew of the existence of any such fungus on his place that he asserted in the most positive way that nothing of that kind could be found anywhere within his domains. : | ‘ : : 7 4 5 eo NEY 1895. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123 Notes and News. ~ ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given _ in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-: tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or im- portant matter for certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras” without change in form will be given free when they are wanted, and this should be so stated on the MS. along with the number desired. The receipt of ali papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. THE CHILIAN MARGARODES.—I expect we shall have to call this insect (see p. 86) Margarodes vitas after all, notwithstanding Philippi’s strange mistake regarding its nature ; but if we agree to reject the name vzi¢is, we still cannot accept that now proposed by Mr. E. C. Reed, since Giard described the species last year as MW. vitium.—T. D. A. CoCKERELL. Wasps IN ENGLAND.—On pages 284 and 334 of the last volume of “Insect Life,’’ reference was made to the extraordinary abundance of wasps in Great Britain during the Summer of 1893, the result probably of the long-continued dry weather of the Spring of that year. Mr. Henry Cullum, of Utah, has recentiy sent a clipping from the Western Daily Press, of Bristol, England, dated June 27, 1894, in which the statement is made that the Chew Magna Horticultural Society en- deavored to reduce the plague by offering the present season a reward of 6d. per dozen for queen wasps delivered dead to the Society. Over two thousand had been sent in up to the date of the publication, and the editor of the Press advocated the adoption of this plan by other horticul- tural and agricultural societies throughout the kingdom. DiasPIs LANATUS—AMYGDALI.—Mr. Maskell writes that he has examined Diaspis amygdali Tryon, 1889, on peach from Queensland, and finds it to be the same species as D. /anatus Morg. and CkIil., 1891. He says: “The only differences which I can detect are the very, very slightly less “incised terminal lobes of amygdali, and a very small increase in the num- ber of spinnerets in some specimens.” I have never seen authentic amyg- dali ; but in the Rept. Dept. Agriculture for 1893, amygdali is stated to be distinct from /amatus, differing in size, color of 2 scale, and method of work. Nevertheless, I am strongly inclined to agree with Mr. Maskell that the species called amygdali and lanatus are all one, the apparent differences being only varietal. The species which must be called D. amygdali is now known from the following countries ; United States, West Indies, Australia, Ceylon and Japan. ‘The positive evidence of its occurrence in Japan is derived from an examination of specitnens collected by Mr. Takahashi, and sent to me by Mr. Howard. More detail will be given on this point hereafter.—T. D. A. CocKERELL. 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, AESCHNA PENTACANTHA IN NEW YorK.—Mr. R. H. Pettit has taken two males of 2. pentacantha Ramb. at Baldwinsville, Onondaga County, N. Y., inJune. The species was previously known, I believe, only from Texas, Louisiana and southern IIlinois.-—-N. BANnKs. AN EARLY SUGGESTION OF A MODERN PLAN.—-The appointment of Mr, Albert Koebele by the Hawaiian government for the purpose of collect- ing and bringing to Hawaii beneficial insects which will prey upon injuri- . ous species, referred to in a recent number of ‘‘Insect Life,’’ was the direct outcome of the success of certain recent experiments in this direc- tion. The idea of the employment of predatory and predacous species in this way is an old one, but just how old we hardly realized until we saw in the ‘‘ Entomologist’s Record”’ for August, 1894, a little review by F. J. Buckell, of Linnaeus’ ‘‘ Amcenitates Academice,’’ which, though bearing the name of Linnaeus, was written by one of his pupils, Andrew John Bladh. In this ‘‘entomological antique,’’ as Mr. Buckell calls it, the following suggestion is made: “If we understood how to apply insects properly, we might use them as we do cats against mice, and by attending to the design of Nature, prevent much damage.” , THE timely suggestion in the February News with reference to the erection of a monument to Thomas Say in Philadelphia is a most ex- cellent one, and to some extent anticipates another which I had intended to make on closing the Say sketches. It would, it seems to me, bea very proper thing to do if the entomologists of America were to donate a trifle each and erect a neat iron fence about the resting-place of Say at New Harmony. The present owner of the premises, Mrs. Richard Owen and her sons, I am very sure, would be more than pleased to grant per- mission for its erection. A very small amount contributed by each ento- mologist would suffice to erect a substantial and appropriate iron fence, enclosing an area of 20x 24 feet. I can, if desired, secure permission for erection, and get estimates of cost of same and erection, I would sug- gest that the editor and associate editor of the News, the editors of ““Psyche”’ and the “ Canadian Entomologist’ be considered a committee to receive (and solicit if necessary) funds for this purpose. F. M. WEBSTER. Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of species to be limited to twenty-five for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of trans- portation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- nounced accordingly. Exotic species named only by special arrangement with the Editor, who should be consulted before specimens are sent. Send a 2 cent stamp with all insects for return of names. Before sending insects for identification, read page 41, Vol. III, Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. te di a : 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125 Entomological Literature. 1. THE AMERICAN NaTuRALIsT. Philadelphia, February, 1895.—The philosophy of flower seasons and the phenological relations of the ento- mophilous flora and the anthophilous insect fauna, C. Robertson, figs. Two new species of Lecanium from Brazil, T. D. A. Cockerell.—March, 1895. The classification of the Lepidoptera, V. L. Kellogg. '2. REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE. Lille, December, 1894.—Remarks on the organization and comparative anatomy of the latter segments of the body of the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemip- tera (cont.), J. Peytoureau, figs., pls. 3. ARCHIVES DE ZOOLOGIE EXPERIMENTALE ET GENERALE (3), ii, 1894, 4. Paris.—The venomous gland of Scolopendra, O. Duboscq, figs. On a marine Dipter of the genus C/unio Haliday, R. Chevrel. 4. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, vii. Paris, 1894 (extracts).—Studies on ants, fourth note : Pe/odera in the pharyngeal glands of Formica rufa L., C. Janet, figs; Seventh note: On the anatomy of the petiole of Myrmica rubra L., id., figs. 5. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ACADEMIQUE DE L’OISE, xv. Beauvais, 1894 (extract).~Studies on ants, fifth note: On the morphology of the skeleton of the post-thoracic segments in the Myrmicidee (Zyrmica rubra L. female), C. Janet, figs. 6. CHRISTIANIA VIDENSKABS-SELSKABS FORHANDLINGER, 1893, No. 13 (received Feb. 19, 1895).—Catalogue of Norwegian Lepidoptera, W. M. Schoyen. _7. BULLETIN DE L’ ACADEMIE IMPERIALE DES SCIENCES DE ST. PETERS- BOURG (v), ii, 1, January, 1895.—Studies on the lymphatic system of in- sects and myriapods , A. O. Kowalevsky. 8. NovitatEs ZooLocic4, ii, 1, Tring (England), Feb. 1, 1895.—De- scriptions of new species of Lampyride in the Museum at Tring, E. Olivier. Notes on Saturnidz, W. Rothschild. 9. ALTERNATING GENERATIONS, A Biological Study of Oak Galls and Gall Flies. By Hermann Adler, M.D. Translated and edited by Charles R. Straton, Oxford. At the Clarendon Press, 1894, pp. xliii, 198, 3 pls. _ 10. TRANSMUTATION DER SCHMETTERLINGE infolge Temperaturander- ungen. Experimentelle Untersuchungen tiber die Phylogenese der Van- essen. Von E. Fisher, cand. med. Zurich: Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn, 1895, 36 pp. 11. BULLETIN 83. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. —A plum scale in western New York, M. V. Slingerland, figs. Ithaca, N. Y., 1894. 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 12. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’sS RECORD, London, Feb. 15, 1895.—Address by the vice-president to the city of London Entomological and Natural History Society [the study of entomology, entomologists], J. W. Tutt. Catalogue of the Lepidopterous super-family Noctuidz found in Boreal America by J. B. Smith [a review], J. W. Tutt.—March 1st. Notes on Aphomia sociella, W. P. Blackburne-Maze, 1 pl. Generic names in the Noctuide (cont.), A. R. Grote. The life-history of a Lepidopterous insect ; chap. v, the larva or caterpillar, J. W. Tutt. Discussion on the nature of certain colors (cont.), R. Freer, W. S. Riding. Apterous females and winter emergence, E. F. Studd. 13. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1894, pt. v, Feb. 5, 1895.—President’s address: The geographical distri- bution of butterflies, H. J. Elwes. 14. BULLETIN, No. 32. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Aus- tin, Texas, September, 1894.—[On some insects injurious to plums], R. H. Price, figs. 15. ANNALES DES SCIENCES NATURELLES, ZOOLOGIE (7), xix, I. Paris, 1895.—The glandular apparatus of the Hymenoptera (salivary glands, digestive tube, Malpighian tubes, venomous glands), L. Bordas, 4 pls. [That which is here published includes only the salivary glands]. 16. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, iii, 2, 3.—Notes on the discovery of a new Scolytid, with brief description of the species, A. D. Hopkins. [Jan. 7, 1895; author's extra.] Notes on the habits of certain Mycetophilids, with descriptions of Zpidapus scabiei, sp. nov:, A. D. Hopkins, figs. [Feb. 13, 1895 ; author’s extra. ] 17. THE Kansas UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY, iii, 3. Lawrence, Kans., January, 1895.—Cnephalia and its allies, W. A. Snow. A new species of Pelecocera, id. Exotic Tabanidz, S. W. Williston. American Platy- pezide, ii, W. A. Snow. . 18. GLi INSETTI E GLI UCCELLI considerati per se stessi e per i loro rapporti con I’Agricoltura. Apelle Dei autore. Memoria presentata nell’ Adunanza del.Comizio Agrario del 29 Aprile, 1894. Siena, 1894. 19. Psycue. Cambridge, Mass., March, 1895 (received Feb. 28, 1895). —New North American Odonata, A. P. Morse. Description of some of the larval stages of Amphion nessus, C.G. Soule. Rhopalomera xanthops sp. nov., S. W. Williston. 20. ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xxi, 1-4. Berlin, January, Feb- ruary, 1895.—On grass galls, E. H. Riibsaamen, figs. Synonymic cata- logue of the European Sphecodinz, Anthrenine, Dr. V, Dalla-Torre and H. Friese. Supplementary note on Sphinx larve, Dr. L. Glaser. 21. COMPTES RENDUS, L’ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. Paris, Feb. 18, 1895.—On Vespa crabro L., oviposition ; preservation of heat in the nest, C. Janet, figs. 1895. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127 22. MEMORIE DELLA R. ACCADEMIA DELLE SCIENZE DELL’ ISTITUTO DI BOLOGNA (v), iii, 1893.—Monographic study of the genus Azfeca Forel, C. Emery, 2 pls. 23. KNOWLEDGE. London, March 1, 1895.—The. intelligence of insects in relation to flowers, Rev. A. S. Wilson, figs. 24. BOLLETINO DEI Muse! di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata d. R. Universita di Torino, No. 184, Sept. 30, 1894.—Voyage of Dr. Alfredo Borelli to the Argentine Republic and Paraguay: Orthoptera, Dr. E. Giglio-Tos.—186, Oct. 25, 1894. Id.: Formicide, C. Emery. 25. MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, i. Brus- sels, 1892.—Synonymic catalogue of the Buprestide described from 1758 to 1890, C. Kerremans. [Received March 12, 1895]. 26. PROCEEDINGS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE CROYDON MICROSCO- PICAL AND NATURAL History Cius. Croydon, 1894.—The silk-worm disease ; its cause and prevention, A. B. Farn. 27. BULLETIN FROM THE LABORATORIES OF NATURAL History of the State University of Iowa, iii, 1, 2. Iowa City, January, 1895.—Narrative and preliminary report of Bahama expedition, C. C. Nutting. 28. THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRI- CULTURAL COLLEGE for 1894. Boston, January, 1895.—A new greenhouse pest [ Orthezia insignis Doug.], C. P. Lounsbury, 4 pls.—Report of Ento- mological division (received March 8, 1895). 29. SPECIAL BULLETIN, No. 2, oF THE WEST VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.—Forms of the so-called potato-scab caused by insects, A. D. Hopkins, figs. 30. BULLETIN, No. 37. University of Minnesota Agricultural Experi- ment Station. St. Anthony Park, Minn., December, 1894 (received March 12, 1895).—The Chinch-bug, O. Lugger, figs. 31. EIGHTEENTH Report of the State Entomologist on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of the State of Illinois. Seventh report of S. A. Forbes. For the years 1891 and 1892. Springfield, Ill., 1894 (received March 8, 1895). Insects injurious to Indian corn ; 165 pp., 15 pls. 32. THE JOURNAL OF THE CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF NATURAL History, xvii, 4, January, 1895 (received March 8, 1895). —Catalogue of the Odo- nata of Ohio, part i, D. S. Kellogg. 33. THE CANADIAN ENToMoLociIst. London, Ont., March, 1895 (re- ceived March 11).—Descriptions of some new species of Epipaschiinz and Phycitide, G. D. Hulst. Canadian Coccidz,—iii, T. D. A. Cockerell. Some new species of Robinsonia, W. Schaus. Preliminary studies in Siphonaptera,—ii, C. F. Baker. Notes on some reared Hymenoptera, — largely parasitic and chiefly from Ohio, F. M. Webster. The Coleoptera of Canada,—vii, H. F. Wickham, figs. New Hampshire Tenthredinide, AS-D: Macgillivray. In reply to Mr. Hulst, A. R. Grote. 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 34. THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE. London, March, 1895.—-Further notes on the habits of Psyche villosella Ochs., C. G. Bar- rett. Occurrence of 7inea vinculella H.-S., at Portland, with notes on its life-history, N. M Richardson. Successful introduction of humble bees into New South Wales, A. S. Olliff. Aleurodes proletelia L. and A. érassice Walk., a comparison, J. W. Douglas. Recent experiments on the means of protection possessed by Adraxas grossulariata, W. F. H. Biandford. Note on a mass of cocoons of Aphomia sociella L., C. G. Barrett. Method of sugaring meadows, moors, mountain sides, etc., H. G. Knaggs. 35. THE Enromo.ocist. London, March, 1895.—On the causes of variation and aberration in the imago state of butterflies, with suggestions on the establishment of new species, Dr. M.;Standfuss, transl. by F. A. Dixey, introductory note by F. Merrifield. Moth-adipocere, H, G. Knaggs: Jumping beans and jumping eggs, C. G., ‘Bignell. 36. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CONNECTICUT ACADEMY, ix, pp. 400-429 July, 1894 (received March 8, 1895).—-Canadian Nigfest J. H. Emerton, 4 pls. 37. Le NATURALISTE CANADIEN. Chicoutimi, Quebec, February, 1895 (received March 8).—-L’Abbe Provancher (cont.), Abbe V. A. Huard, Coloration in Lepidoptera, Abbé P. A. Begin. 38. DEUTSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, 1894, Erstes Lepidop- terologisches Heft. Berlin, July 14, 1894..-High Andine Lepidoptera, Dr. O. Staudinger, 2 pls. Palaearctic genera of Lasiocampide, Striphnop- terygidz and Megalopygide, Dr. C. Aurivillius, 2 pls.—Zweites Lepidop- terologisches Heft, Jan. 5, 1895. On the capture and habits of the chief butterflies of the Amazon Valley, O. Michael. [Both parts received March 11, 1895. ] 39. THE NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL. London, March, 1895.—-Pupa hunt- ing (cont.), H. G. Knaggs, figs. Insects that feed on shrubs, S. L. Mosley. Beetles in a timber yard, R. J. Thomson. 40. ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, XXXiX, 2. Brussels, Feb. 28, 1895 (received March 14, 1895). —New contribution to the study of the Lathridinz, M. J. Belon. 41. The appearance of the seventh part of ‘‘Monographie der mit Nysson und Bembex werwandten Grabwespen,”’* by Anton Handlirsh, completes one of the most important and useful works relating to the Hymenoptera published in recent years. This last part relates entirely to the genus Bembex, which, as the author states, is the most difficult and the richest in species in the entire group, his paper containing descriptions of 118 species which he has personally * Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, Math.-naturw. Classe, cii, Bd, Abth., i, pp. 657 et. seq. ; 1895. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 129 examined, more than half of which are brought to light for the first time, and 35 species unidentified. The biology of a number of the species is dwelt on at length, comparisons being made with the habits of many other fossorial wasps; and a chapter is devoted to the phylogeny and systematic remarks, and another to the geographical distribution. Coming to the systematic part of the work, we find the species divided into two grand divisions,—the Bembeces genuine, consisting of the greater num- ber of the species, and the Bembeces aberrantes; and the species are further divided into 39 minor groups. The author finds that Cresson confused two species in describing Be//ragez, and in separating the two has named both, thus erecting a new name for Bel/ragez, which it appears he was unable to identify from Cresson’s description. Another change is the substitution of the name spino/@ Lepelitier for fasciata, under which head American students had known our common species, because the author believes it impossible to identify the /asc7a¢a of Fabricius from the description, as it is applicable to several other species. The advisibility of this modification is to be daubted, inasmuch as the form which we regarded as fasciata has probably more right to the name than any of the allied ones ; and as Fabricius’ name cannot be dropped, unless proven a synonym, it is more advantageous by far to assign some form to it, fitting the description, than to increase the already too large list of unidentified species of the old authors, which will no doubt never be determined. The author is to be congratulated on the completion of _ such a valuable contribution to hymenopterology.—W. J. F. 42. We have just received from the authors a copy of an important con- tribution to the literature of West Indian Hymenoptera, the “‘ Report upon the Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Island of St. Vincent,’ by C. V. Riley, William H. Ashmead and L. O. Howard, printed in the Linnean Society’s Journal, vol. xxv. The work is based on the material collected for the West India Committee by Mr. Herbert H. Smith, whose energy as a collector has been well attested by his previous labors in Brazil. Prof. Riley contributes the introduction and a list of the previously described Parasitica of the island, which is followed by Part 1 of Mr. Ashmead’s paper, this being succeeded by Mr. Howard’s report on part of the Chalcididz. Part 2 of Mr. Ashmead’s report concludes the work, which includes no less than 254 pages, in which 6 new genera and 299 new species are described. Prof. Riley hopes soon to publish a supplementary paper containing the Microgasterinz and the Eupelmine.—W. J. F. INDEX TO THE PRECEDING LITERATURE. The number after each author’s name in this index refers to the journal, as numbered in the preceding literature, in which that author’s paper was published ; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms. THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Robertson 1, Peytoureau 2, Kowalevsky 7, Tutt 12, Freer 12, Riding 12, Dei 18, Riibsaamen 20, Wilson 23, Nutting 27, Forbes 31, Knaggs 34, Huard 37, Mosley 39. 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. , [April, — MYRIOPODA. Duboscq 3. ARACHNIDA. Emerton 36*. ORTHOPTERA. Giglio-Tos 24. NEUROPTERA. Morse 19*, Kellogg 32*. ; HEMIPTERA. Cockerell 1, 33, Peytoureau 2, Slingerland 11, Price 14, Lounsbury 28, Lugger 30, Douglas 34. COLEOPTERA. Peytoureau 2, Olivier 8*, Price 14, Hopkins 16 (two),* 29, Kerremans 25, Wickham 33, Thomson 39, Belon 4o0.* DIPTERA. Chevrel 3, Hopkins 16*, Snow 17* (three), Williston 17, 19,* Baker 33*. LEPIDOPTERA. Kellogg 1, Peytoureau 2, Schoyen 6, Rothschild 8*, Fisher 1o, Tutt 12 (two), Elwes 13, Blackburne-Maze 12, Grote 12, Studd 12, Soule 1g, Glaser 20, Farn 26, Hulst 33*, Schaus 33*, Barrett 34 (two), Richardson 34, Blandford 34, Standfuss, etc., 35, Knaggs 35, 39, Bignell 35, Begin 37, Staudinger 38, Aurivillius 38, Michael 38. " HYMENOPTERA. Janet 4 (two), 5, 21, Adler 9, Bordas 15, Dalla-Torre and Friese 20, Handlirsch 41*, Emery 22*, 24, Webster 33, Macgillivray 33*, Olliff 34, Riley, etc., 42*. Doings of Societies. MARCH 12, 1895. A stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, No. 1509 South Thirteenth Street. Members present: Messrs. Bland, Dr. Griffith, Dr. Castle, E. Wenzel, Trescher, Fox, Hoyer, Seeber, Boerner, Johnson, H. W. Wenzel, and Smitz. Honorary. member: Prof. John B. Smith. Visitor: Levi W. Mengel, of Reading, Pa. Meeting called to order at 8.50 P.M., president Bland presiding. Prof. Smith exhibited a number of interesting photo- graphic prints, the result of some of his recent experiments in that line, his object being to obtain fac-similes from originals for the purpose of photo-engraving, correct reproductions being impossible through the art x 1895. | -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 131 of sketching. Among these were a number of prints showing the bur- rows made by Scolytus rugulosus in apple wood, being so arranged as to show the different stages of the life of these insects. These were the best reproductions the members had ever seen, and the professor attributes his success partly to the use of aristo-platinotype paper and the double toning process. These beetles, he said, first burrow one central gallery and then make small lateral chambers at intervals, laying three or four eggs in each, feeding after every deposit, and repeating this work until a beetle has oviposited five or six times its bulk in eggs during a lifetime. Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited some interesting Coleoptera from Utah, also stating that Axthonomus sycophantus and A. scutellatus had been cap- tured very commonly on willowin the Orange Mountains, N. J., last Summer. It was unanimously resolved that a vote of thanks be extended to Dr. Skinner for the royal manner in which he entertained the social at its last meeting. No further business being presented, the meeting adjourned to the annex at Io.3o. TuHeo. H. Scumitz, Secretary. « The Entornological Section “ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS. The following papers were read and accepted by the Committee for publication in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws: A NEW VOLUCELLA FROM WASHINGTON. By D. W. Coguittert, Washington, D. C. Among an interesting lot of Diptera received from Prof. O. B. Johnson for naming, was a pair of specimens belonging to the Syrphid genus Volucella ; a careful comparison with the existing descriptions indicates that the species is a new one, and it is therefore duly characterized below. Each of these specimens has the marginal cells of the wings open, and the species would therefore belong to the genus Pha/acromyia Rondani, but in the recent paper by E. Giglion-Tos (Ditteri del Messico, Part I) this is merged into Volucella, since he found that the character of the opened or closed marginal cell varies in the different specimens belonging to the same species. 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, Volucella kincaidiin. sp. ¢‘.-—-Black, the scutellum dark fulvous, halteres brownish. Eyes black pilose, that on the lower part reddish; front, cheeks and occiput reddish pilose, that on the face black ; face on upper two-thirds straight, the lower third much retreating and concave ; upper two-thirds of face in the middle gray pollinose, the remaining surface sub- shining; proboscis much shorter than either front femur. Thorax sub- opaque, reddish pilose, its posterior half and a broad stripe on upper edge of pleura black pilose; scutellum convex, rounded behind, destitute of a transverse impression and of bristles, its pile mixed yellowish and black. Abdomen opague velvety, with the exception of the base of the third segment and the whole of the two following, which are shining excepting an indistinct subopaque fascia beyond the middle of the fourth; pile of abdomen reddish yellow; hind femora more slender than the others, hind tibiz arcuate; pile of hind femora and on bases of the others reddish yellow, that toward the apices of the latter largely black; hind tibize quite densely ciliate on the inner and outer sides with rather short hairs, those on the inner side the longest, being slightly longer than the transverse diameter of the tibia. Wings hyaline, apex of subcostal cell brown, a brown fascia extends from base cf submarginal cell to posterior end of cross-vein at apex of second basal cell; a brown cloud on the small cross- vein; marginal cell open; calypteres yellowish. 2.—Same is the <¢' with these exceptions: Face not pollinose, except- ing on the sides, its pile yellowish: front subshining, at its middle is a transverse impression extending from eye to eye and more derisely punc, tured than the remaining surface; pile of thorax, pleura, scutellum- abdomen and legs yellow. Length 12-14 mm. Olympia, Washington. A single male and female collected by Mr. Trevor Kincaid, after whom it gives me pleasure to name this interesting species. OBITUARY. Hans DanigL JOHAN WALLENGREN, the well-known entomologist, died Oct. 24, 1894, at Farhult, Sweden, aged 72 years. ENTOMOLOGICAL News for March, was mailed March 1, 1895. / 2 = mw OL;. VUE. No. 5. ) Entomological News’ Dorcas brevis ’S wv MAY, 1895. | | EDITOR : HENRY SKINNER, M.D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Associate Editor. ’ ADVISORY COMMITTEE: Gro. H. Horn, M.D. Ezra T. CRESSON. CHARLES A. BLAKE. Rev. Hanry C. McCook, D.D. CHARLES LIEBECK. | —>- ) PHILADELPHIA: __ EntTomotocicat Rooms or - THE ACADEMY oF NATURAL SCIENCES, 7 LOGAN SQUARE. 1895. a ip. 7 Entered at the Philadelphia Post Office as Second Class Matter. Entomological News published monthly, excepting July and August, in charge of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. Annualksubscription $1.00, in advance. (Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20) Advertising Rates: 30 cents’ per square inch, single insertion; a liberal discount on longer insertions. No advertisement taken for less than 60 cents. Cash in advance. ga All remittances should be addressed to E. T. -CRESSON, Treasurer, P. 0. Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. BACK VOLUMES. 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MAY, 1895. No. 5. CONTENTS: Slosson—Collecting at) Lake Worth.... 133 | Editorial .........0.0. cccccescee seeece I51 Maywood—The assembling of the Ce- Economic Entomology..........ssss0+ 153 UMPIR NOUN <5 cba s cies ins sevees ae 16: Notes and -NCWSE 6 nace discdencsecdecs 157 Lembert—Food Plants..........0.c0000 137 | Entomological Literature ............. 159 Lugger—A case of mimicry.........-.. $48 sb | DOINGS OL SOCIMTIOR<. 5 datiesweccnicece css 165 Schaus—Some Notes on American Entomological Section. ...........s.... 166 SRURIGU ca viovias cins'o bp es seonsccecs 141 | Holland—Two new African Lyczenids.. 166 Albright—California Lepidoptera....... 144 | Wickham—On the Larve of Hydro- Popular Entomology........+s.e+eeeeeen 145 charis obtusatus and Silpha surina- Kunze—Cocoon mimicry...........0es0 147 MES cri he cts Fee as tere