peesce rhe oe witha ef ==: > seNereee es Me =r Fas . é P . . F SS & ‘ if nee .: 4 a ‘ wr sn ta esnrgtaeg tet te 7 : vera 7 . Peers eT Omens - POE me cent ‘ —_ ies —— ee Fy he katy Ct PRTG ee ee Rag a ee . : ” ES Se ae oe ae Pe ¥ be, 3 > Entomological News AND ~PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. VOLUME XI, 1900. EDITOR: HENRY SKINNER, M. D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: EZRA T. CRESSON. CHARLES A. BLAKE, CHARLES LIEBECK. PHILIP LAURENT. WILLIAM J, FOX. CHARLES W. JOHNSON, | cau an pe PHILADELPHIA: q \ ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF y 4 THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. 1gOO. P. C. STOCKHAUSEN PRINTER 58-55 N. 7TH St, PHILADELPHIA. QL +6 at || Var INDEX TO VOLUME XI. * Denotes new variety, species or genus. THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Academy of Natural Sciences, Ent. Section Alaskan Insects . 381, 416, 459 Alpine insects » 319 American Entom. Society, 380, 483, 514, 610. Bolivia, Collecting in . . 346 Bolter Collection . . 503 Buffalo Ent. Club . . 435 Chicago Entom. Society . 447 Color photography ii wits A Doings of Societies 346, 380, 411, 446, 482, 512, 548, 578, 608, 642. Economic Entomologists, As- sociation of oa QO Economic Entomology 336, 370, 390, 404, 436, 471, 546, 638. Editorials 335, 369, 402, 434, 473, 504, 536, 571, 602, 633 Entomological Literature 342, 376, 407, 440, 475, 505, 537, 572, 603, 634. Entomologists’ Directory . 427 Feldman Collecting Social 347, 380, 411, 448, 483, 515, 548, 578, 611, 642. Genera . . 602 Harris Club a 4ol, “a6 pe 3, 579, 609, 643, 644. Kissing bug . - 547 Malaria and mosquitos . . 516 Massachusetts Agric. College, Entomology at . . 359 Mt. Washington, Alpine insects of . nice | Newatk Ratoii' Solety 348, 411, 447, 512, 608, 644. Notes and News 340, 481, 509, 547, 577, 64. 346, 380, 482, 608 | Obituary : Bolter, A. . 450 (503) Chatfield, A. F. . 451 Dakin, J. A. 2... ; . 451 Gilbert, Mrs. L. F. R. 484 Harvey, F. L. 451 Hulst, G. D. . 613 Meade, R. H . 412 Ruscheweyh, G. . . 580 Soltau, H. 450 Peach mite . 471 Pin labels. . > . 341 Recollections of old follecting grounds ; 597 Rose-bug, Fish oil soap o 546 Russian Economic Entom. 404 Silver Lake, Utah . . 363 Strange habits, Some . 600 Students’ Entom. Aicotlaton. 447 Sugar- beet pest. . 390 Trap lantern . 579 Watkins, W. 577 ARACHNIDA. Amblyomma hebreum . 336 Bont tick, Life history of 336 COLEOPTERA. Abnormalities 619 Alaska, C. of . . 459 Allorhina nitida 437, 609 Amphionycha flammata. . . 621 Anthicide Samer Apion puritana . : . 411 Arizona, C. of Phoenix . . 561 Bryaxus abdominalis . 548 Callida viridipennis 621 Calosoma willcoxi . 548 Cedius ziegleri . 579 Colapsis brunnea . ii INDEX. Calne Co... rege Copturodes cockerelli . . . 503 Crioceris asparagi. . . . . 639 C. 12-punctata . .. -- + 436 Cryptorhynchus iit «31 380 Cychrus viduus. . ... . 611 Cyclocephala immaculata . . 620 Dichelonycha fuscula . (548) 608 Dorytomus brevisetosus. . . 601 Elater militaris . ... .-. . 348 Eumicrus motschulskii . . . 348 Geopinus incrassatus . . . . 610 Halticus uhleri . . . . . . 436 Hoplosia nubila. . . . . . 620 Ichalia costata .... . . 380 ee OF. ga a. 6 468 Length of lifeofC. .. 633 Megalonycha fuscula . 548 (608) Metrius sericeus* . . - 389 Microchara explanata. . . . 610 Monstrosities. . . .. . . 619 Mycetina perpulchra . . . . 380 Neladiustenuis . . . . 643 New Jersey, C. of 380, 411, 484, 515, 548, 611, 642. Northfield, Mass., Collecting at 392 Oberea bimaculata .. . . 437 Panagzeus crucigerus . . . . 515 Pennsylvania, C. of . 348, 380, 449, 499, 548, 579, 610, 612, 619, 643. Phyllobrotica decurrata . . . 642 Platynusspp.. - .. . . . 499 Saperda vestita . ... . . 621 Sitodrepa‘panicea . . . . . 375 Soronia ulkei. . ... . . 401 Stenomimus pallidus . . . . 509 Tiger buntin far west. . . . 581 Utah, C. of . . 482, 581 COLLEMBOLA. Achorutes tigrina® . . . . « 552 C.,New Maine .... . . §49 Entomobrya aglis®. . . . . 549 Smynthurus brunneus* . . . 550 DIPTERA, Anopheles «oe ee ee eg Bee fly four yearsalarva . . S510 Blepharocera capitata . Cecidomyia destructor C. oxycoccana Cheetopsis apicalis* Chrysomyza demandata . Daulopogon terricola* Diplosis pini-radiatz* . Eutanypus borealis . Goniops . Hesperodes* . H. johnsoni* . Hypocharassus . Mosquitos and malaria Neaspilota achilleze* Pangonia chrysocoma Pseudatrichia griseola* P. unicolor* Rivellia brevifasciata* Sargus ceruleifrons* . Sepsisoma* S. flavescens* . Synonyms . ; Teucholabis pata phen Therioplectes astutus . T. politus* . Traginops* . T. irrorata* HEMIPTERA. Aphis mali . Aspidiotus diffinis Cicada septendecim Clastoptera C. bimaculata* Diaspis piricola . Eriococcus spp. . E. quercus toumeyi* . European pear scale . Eutettix magnus* Pemphigus betz* Platymetopius hyalinus* . HYMENOPTERA. + 392, Anthophora montana, its para- sites Asobara antipoda”’ ; Bathymetis antipoda* . ee ee —— INDEX. iii Brachista pallida* . . 616 Centrobia odonatz* - 616 Coelioxys 8-dentata and host . 553 Crabro angelicus* . . 358 C. foxii* . . 356 sof VWaibinabon . 353 Doryctomorpha* . 629 D. antipoda* . . 630 Eulophus albitarsis* . 623 Formica exsectoides . . 579 Hyperteles polynemze* . 615 Macrotera , pring - 510 Megacilissa . ont . 510 Mellinus bimaculatus . . 346 Monedula carolina . . 347 Mutilla, Extra-American , . 400 Parasitic H. - 615, 623 Polynema needhami* . . 617 Schauinslandia* . . 627 S. alfkenii* . . 628 S. femorata* , . 627 Su peiidipes® 0.05. 6's . 628 Tetrastichus polynemz* . 616 Washington, H. of . Pak LEPIDOPTERA. Achalaurus cellus . 439 Acontia delecta . 513 Actias luna . . 609 Egiale streckeri . 495 POPOMRA Lod sie co, 0, 382, 436 Anartia melanopa . 380 Anthocaris genutia . 465 Arachnis dilecta . 600 Archonias lyceas 533 Argynnis nitocris coerulescens* 332, 449, 483. A. n, nigroccerulea* . 622 Azelina peplaria . 583 Brenthis pales alaskensis* . . 383 B. youngi* 383 Brephos infans . - 514 Bungalotis midas . . 600 Callidryas agarithe 618 Catocala badia . 368 C. innubens scintillans 445 C. titania* 5 a i: Catocale of tions 433, 472 Cecropia ; . 579, 631 Ceratomia Eatalane ; 608, 611 Citheronia regalis . . 642 C. sepulcralis . 446 Cocytius cluentius . i - 334 Ccoenonympha kodiak sahconidin sis* . 386 Colias phitoaies: 347, 449, 642 C. eurytheme 347, 449 Diurnals, Notes on N. A. . 328 Double cocoons 4o1, 446 Eacles imperialis . 641 Enodia portlandia . . 609 Erebia sofia alaskensis* . . 387 E. youngi* ieee Erebus odora 608, 610 Eucordylea* . . 349 E. atripictella* . . 350 Feralia jocosa a . 368 Gastropacha americana . . 514 Geometrina, N. Am. . 527, 554 Hemaris brucei . y a Sgie H. spp. 498, 547, 584 Hepialus argenteomaculatus . 610 Hesperide, N. Am. 413, 578, 579 House-moth eed specimens 445 Hymenitis spp. a . 600 Inflated cocoons dab 513, nas: 580, 631. Lyczena sonorensis . 481 L. yukona* . . 416 Melipodes jucunda . 641 Melitzea phzton superba . 401 Metzneria lappella . 644 Mimicry in L. . 644 Mississippi, L. of . 512 Missouri, L. of . ae 472 Nealyda* . . 350 N. bifidella* . - 351 Neophasia-terlootii ~~ aah New Jersey, L. of . 348, 513, 548, 608-9, 642, 643. Noctuidz, North Am. species wrongly listed as . 509 iv INDEX. CEdomasia badia . 348, 368 (Eneis jutta alaskensis* . . . 389 Pamphilaattalus . . . . . 642 Papilio ajax . .. Pu eyo P. asterias on Costies nite easy. Syerectryon. . -. wine Beg 8 P. philenor 580, 642 P. turnus aber. fletcheri* igS2 Pericopis salvini . . . . . 600 Phzgoptera ochraceator . . 600 Protoparce rustica. . . . . 485 Pseudochelaria walsinghami* . 352 Pyralidina, N. Am. 527, 554 Pyrameis carye . . . . +. 412 Rearing larve, Hintsfor . . 461 Sibinefusca . . . ie is! EF Skinner’s catalogue, Additions and correctionsto . . . . 328 Slug-caterpillar, Life history of SecA a Pin ay Smith’slistofL. . . . . . 396 Sphinx drupiferarum. . . . 581 Simusetiosa . 3) «6. sain 1880 Synchle lacinia . . - 503 Synonymy, coneeed plunge | oo UE Ds eae +.) Thecla mellinus. . Kh ro gys Tinea fuscipunctella . . . . 503 Tineid larva feeding on dead Cecropia 502, 516 Tineina, New N. Am. 2 ae Tortricidea fiskeana* . . . 333 Tropza truncatipennis . . . 403 han ii ea s-0ig 63 Vanessa antiopa . . . . . 514 NEUROPTERA. Alaskan Odonata. . . . , 382 Arkansas Odonata .. . . 621 Atropide ... . Ages Calopteryx angustipennis oo ee Dragonflies caught 7 tendrils ofvines . . 0 "eee D , Kingbirds eating’. ee aye 7 Dragonfly: eggs, Parasites from 615 Enallagmaanna* . . . . . 455 Gomphus crassus . . . . . 545 Gsexternas 3, eed es Indiana Odonata . . . . «+ 640 Mecistogaster 0. )s:o.0,.@iacd Ged Megaloprepus . ... . . . 601 Myrmeleon texanum* . . . 596 Psocids at light. . . . . . 601 Peecinella® (05.0 0 0 sea P. slossone* ©. sci vito ullgge Tachopteryx thoreyi. . . . 398 Troctes bicoler®:.::. © 4a ag §§6 T-niger® 67.8); e560 Wyoming dragonflies atti oss THRS ORTHOPTERA. Alaskan OF 5 ee; is gee Earwigs on gallinule . . . . . 516 Gryllotalpa borealis ... . . 642 Podisma variegata ...... 630 AUTHORS. Adams, C. C. gd RenhA netats 621 Aldfich, J.-Ro occur tees 531 Ashmead, W. H. 615, 623 Baker, C. Fai svaiaeae es acs 463 Banks, N.. . . . 431,559, 596, 601 Barnes, Wo) seers cas 328 Barrett, O. W. 403, 428, 600 Bowditch, F. C. 393, 512 Bradley, J.C...) -. fee Broadwell, W. H. . 411, 447, 513, 608, 644. Brown, C.\ Bi os yo acne ee Browning,G.W. . . . . . 58t Calvert, P. P. . 340, 342, 376, 407, 44°, 452, 475, 5°5, 537, 546, 572, 603, 634, 641. Camden, A. Ne 6) we te ee Cockerell, T. D. A. 439, 503, 510, 578, 594, 601, 622. Cockerell, W.P. . . . . . 622 Coquillett, D, W. . . . 429, 500 OVI ih ir og 5 ec es MOE, Wielka) 4) a 4, a poene; RoW... Dodge, G, M. 433, 472 ——— ee ed a ee Pyar HG... Ehrmann, G. A. Fall, H. C. : Fernald, C. H. . ‘ 333; $17, 580) 618 INDEX. Sie - 499, 619 . 459 . 359 Field, W. L. W. 401, 446, 447, 513, 514, 580, 610, eater Forket,C. . Foster, F: H. Fox, W. J. . 512 . 461 348, 380, 400, 412, 449, 484, 548, 553, 579, 612, 643. Girault, A. A. Goodhue, C. F. Griffith, H. G. . Harvey, F. L. Herr, C. W. . ae a Holland, W. J. . Hulst, G. D. Johnson, C. W. Johnson, W. G. Kellogg, V. L. . Kemp, S. T. Kincaid, T. Kwiat, A. Lounsbury, C. P. . Mally, C. W. Marlatt, C. L. Mills, H. nes abe. 416 - 439 . 368 . 561 - 549 . 481 - 392 527, 554 298 . 471 305, 490 368, 482 - 353 . 447 - 340 2 . 546 . 425, 590 . 489 Moore, J. P. . Newcomb, H.H. . Osborn, H. . Oslar, E. J. Read, H. Y. Rehn, J. A. G. Rivers, J. J. Satterth waite A. F. Vv . 340 - 396 395, 501 » + 495 . 412 . 630 . 389 . 502 Skinner, H. 334, 335, 347, 369, 380, 402, 413, 434. 445, 473, 482, 483, 502, 504, 515, 533, 536, 545, 571, 602, 608, 609, 611, 632. Slosson, A. T. Smith, J. B. ‘ Snyth, E A., Jr. (547), 584. Snow, W. A. Snyder, A. J. Soule, C. G. Troschel, A. . Webster, B. F. . Webster, F. M. Weidt, A. J. . Weith, R. J... Wheeler, W. M. Wickham, H. F. Willcox, E. V. . Williamson, E. B. Wolcott, A. B. . + 319 375, 509, 615 465, 485, 498 - 489 - 363 - 631 + 334 . 436 375, 577, 640 - 348 . 641 - 423 450, 597 . 404 398, 453, 464 - 468 a J oe 5: eta ta? ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VoL. XI. JANUARY, 1900. | No. 1 CONTENTS: Kellogg—Noteson the Life-History Ho /land—A Description ofa Variety and Structure of Blepharocera of Argynnis Nitocris from Chi- Capitata Loew .. 305 huahua, Mexico leh, $s Sol BE 382 Slosson—Additional List of Insects byar - A New Cochildian of the Pa- Taken in Alpine Region of Mt learctic Group... « . 388 Washington ......... ..... : SSP MOMMIGL: -. . in eS iacwaedenioneakiese .. B85 Johnson—Some Notes and Descrip- Economic Entomology 836 tions of Seven New Species and Not aN 340 One New Genus of Diptera.... 328 otes and News.........e0 J a : Barnes—Notes on North America Entomological Literature............ 342 Diurnals, with Some Additions Doings of Societies ............... -.. B46 and Corrections to Dr. Skinner’s Catalogue... BP a aU 328 NEI IR ROM. «5 69551 esece! scRaeeeeene res i, ii NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY AND STRUCTURE OF BLEPHAROCERA CAPITATA LOEW. By VERNON L. KELLOGG, Stanford University, California. i, In the swift, tumbling little stream of Coy Glen, which has cut its way from the summit of West Hill into the valley at the head of Cayuga Lake, near Ithaca, N. Y., an interesting fly makes itself abundantly at home. This fly is Blepharocera eapitata Loew, one of the few North American species of its family. In Comstock’s Manual there is a picture of the larva and of the pupa of this fly. The midge itself looks like a Small crane-fly. Prof. Comstock gives in the Manual some account of the Blepharocera’s interesting habits and transforma- tions. The larva and pupa are strangely modified to adapt themselves to their aquatic life, for both larva and pupa live submerged, clinging to the roekbed of the stream. They gather in groups, forming black patches on the bed, in the swift shallow parts of the brook. The larve hold firmly to 306 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan the smooth rock by means of six ‘‘ suckers ’’ lying in a single segmented series in the median line on the ventral aspect of the body. So fast-holding are these suckers that in attempt- ing to remove a larva one often tears it in halves. Yet the suckers can be readily voluntarily loosened by the insect. + These strange larve of Blepharocera have not gone unnoticed in other lands. Fritz Muller found them in Brazil (and this was the discovery of the young stages of the Blepharoceride); Dewitz, another German naturalist, found them in the Hartz Mountains, and Prof. Zschokke, of the University of Basel, has sent me some specimens from Switzerland. Here in Cali- fornia I have found the midges of a new species of the genus Liponeura, belonging to this family, and shall some day find the larve. Of course, these various Blepharocerid larvee rep- resent several species, but all of the members of the family so far known have very similar immature stages. For a year or more I have devoted some time to the study of the post-embryonal development of Blepharocera capitata, hoping to find in the development of a Nematocerous fly some new light on those remarkable phenomena of histolysis and histogenesis which accompany the development of the Diptera, but which have been chiefly studied in the case of Calliphora, one of the highly specialized members of the order. The results of this study will be published elsewhere, but a brief account of some of the interesting structural peculiarities of Blepharocera, in its various stages, together with the little that is known of its life-history, may be of interest to the readers of THE NEws. Life History. The eggs of Blepharocera capitata have notas yet been found, The larve and pups have long been-known to Prof, Comstock and his students, being abundant in two streams near Ithaca and not uncommon in others, On May 9, 1898, I visited Coy Glen and found many young larvwe; no eggs, no pupe, no adults. The smallest of these larvw were 2.5 mm. long, and the larve were much scattered over the smooth rock bed of the stream, where the water was swift, but shallow. The larve can only live in swiftly flowing water; they die soon after being removed into vials of water or into still-water Sy Pinger: 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 307 aquaria. On May-14th I found larve of all sizes, from 3 mm. to 10 mm. long, and also a few just formed pupe.. The larger larve, 9 to 10 mm, long, which were full grown and ready to pupate, had gathered together, forming conspicuous ‘‘ patches ’’ on the rock bed. Each of these patches contained from one to several hundred individuals. Most of these full-grown larvz were curiously covered dor- sally with a close growth of diatoms. The most abundant diatom in this growth was one of the stalked Gomphonema. The basis of this covering of the larva’s back was the gelatin- ous mass at the base of the stalked diatoms. Scattered upon and through this mass were individuals of Nitzschia and sev- eral other diatomaceous genera. The covering had a soft, felt- like appearance, grayish or brownish, and did not seem to trouble the larva. In fact inthe light of this condition it was very interesting to me to discover that the principal part of the contents of the alimentary canal of the larva was composed of diatoms. Is there any connection between the food habits of the larva and this convenient flourishing of diatoms on the insect’s back ? On May 17th there were many new pup, but also still many larva and these of all sizes, from the 2} mm. fellows to the full-grown ones. The pupz all lie with head down stream. On May 20th the pup far outnumbered the larve, and on May 26th the larvee were scarce. There were no patches re- maining; the larve were of various sizes. No adults had issued ; this is certain from the fact that there were no empty pupal cases to be seen in the patches of pups. (The pupal Skin always remains attached to the rock after the imago issues.) On June 1st I found the midges issuing. A few were seen flying, with slow, weak flight, over the stream, and. I col- lected a number as they issued from the pupal skins. Prof. Comstock first observed, and described in the Manual, this in- teresting escape of the delicate fly from the submerged pupal skin. The swift water makes this matter a difficult one, and a majority of the flies whose issuance I watched were carried off before they could get above the water. By June 9th most of the imagines had issued, although there were still pups and even some larve there, mostly old. Farther up the stream 308 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {Jan some larva of about middle size, i. e. about 5-6 mm., were found. I could find but few of the midges. These were cling- ing to the under sides of leaves of bushes bordering the stream, or were slowly flying about. I saw a female catch a small fly and eat it. Saw none in copulo or ovipositing. Between June 9th and July ist I visited the stream often, searching for the eggs, but in vain. The imagines were very scarce. I could find but one or two during an hour’s searching. There were no larve nor pupe left. Some reference to the food habits of the imagines will be made in connection with the account of the mouth parts. But I have little else to tell about the life-history. The rest of the story is yet to be learned. Anatomical Notes. The larva. The curious shape of the larva is well shown by the illustration (fig. 508) in Comstock’s Manual. But Prof. — Comstock is in error in explaining the character of the seg- mentation of the body. The body (see Fig. 1, A) consists of six parts, separated by distinct constrictions. By making sagittal longitudinal sections through the body it can be seen that the anterior, apparently single, segment is composed of the fused head and three thoracic segments, F iG. 1. Blypharocera capitata Loew; A, larva, ventral aspect; B, dorso-ventral section of body of larva through a sucker; /, /., lateral projection; s., sucker; a tracheal gi lan; A. heart; al ¢, alimentary canal; mus., muscle; 7, tendon; st., “stopper” or sucker; r., rim of sucker. ' 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 309 while the most posterior part is composed of the last two abdominal segments, the intervening parts repre- senting each a single abdominal segment. That the anterior - body parts comprises the head and thoracic segments is also proved by the fact that all the imaginal discs of the legs and wings are to be found here. The larva is footless, but each body part (not body ségment) bears a pair of small, unseg- mented, pointed projections (Fig. 1, 1. p.), situated on the ventral aspect of the lateral margins. This projection may be of slight use to the larva in locomotion, but, at best, only of slight use. The real organs of locomotion and of attachment to the rock bed of the stream are the six ‘‘suckers,’’ one of which lies on the median ventral aspect of each body part (Fig. 1, s). There is but one sucker for the combined head and thorax, and but one for the last two abdominal segments. By means of these suckers the larva clings to the rock bed of the stream, despite the impact of the swiftly flowing water. The larva can loosen its hold with the suckers yoluntarily ; and, by loosening those at one end of the body, swinging this end lat- erally and refastening it, and then loosening the other end of the body and swinging and refastening it, a slow but safe locomotion, chiefly lateral, is possible. The larvae move about not a little, especially from the necessity of continually moving” from the edge out farther into the stream as the water of the little stream gradually lessens in quantity. The structure of these suckers and the manner of their ‘ working are of interest. The ventral (external) aspect of a sucker (Fig. 1, s.) shows a central opening, surrounded by a strong, flexible, concave rim, marked with alternating concen- tric bands of thicker and darker and thinner and lighter bands of chitin. The rim projects considerably ventrad, so that a considerable free or air space is enclosed by the rim when its outer edgeis applied toany surface. In dorso-ventrad sections transversal to the body of the larva (see Fig. 1, b.) the whole structure of the sucker is apparent. The cup-shaped sucker is seen, after all, not to consist of a rim around a circular open- ing, but to be simply a part of the outer body wall (true skin and chitin cuticula) peculiarly folded and modified to act as a sucker. The projecting cup-like part (Fig. 1, 7.) of the sucker 310 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (Jan is coated with chitin, so as to be thick and strong, although still flexible. At its base the skin is almost free from chitin, thrown into fine folds, and bent in toward the interior of the body and then out again. Here it is greatly thickened by a circular, lens-shaped deposit of chitin (Fig. 1, st.), which is slightly larger than the inner neck of the sucker, which it closes internally. The neck of the sucker is the apparent een- tral opening and the lens-shaped thickening is the bell-shaped structure, which closes this opening internally, as seen in looking at the sucker from the under or external side. The structure of the sucker is all plainly shown in Fig. 1, B, and can be much more readily understood from an inspection of the figure than from reading this description. Attached to the inner face of the lens-shaped ‘‘ stopper ’’ of the sucker are two great muscles (Fig. 1, mus.), which run dorsally and somewhat diagonally clear through the body cavity to the dorsal walls, to which they are attached. The muscles do not rise directly from the ‘‘stopper,’’ but are fastened to it by strong, short tendons (Fig. 1, ¢.). The manner of the sucker’s functioning can now be understood. With the rim resting ona smooth surface, the rock bed of the stream, and the ‘‘stopper’’ well down in the neck of the air cavity of the sucker, the lift- ing muscles may be contracted, the ‘‘stopper’’ raised (the folds at the neck give chance for a considerable movement of the ‘‘stopper’’) and a partial vacuum formed with the sucker. “What museles are used when the insect desires to loosen the hold of a sucker is not so evident. Probably the contraction of certain dorso-ventral muscles which lie lateral of the muscles which lift the ‘‘stopper’’ serves to force the ‘“‘stopper’’ down by flattening the body dorso-ventrally. So firmly can the larve hold to the rock-bed by means of these suckers that one often tears a larva in two in attempting to remove it, The larvee breathe by means of small tufts of short, thick, cylindrical, tracheal gills (Fig.1,¢.). There is a pair of these gill tufts on the ventral aspect of each of the first to fifth abdominal segments. Fach tuft consists of five or six short branches springing from a common short basal stem, On the sixth (last) abdominal segment there is no tuft of slender, ‘branching gills, as in the other segments; but there are two 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 311 pairs of much larger, thicker, finger-like processes, which may be tracheal gills of another kind. II. The Pupa. The peculiar shape of the pupa, with its flat ventral aspect and strongly convex, heavily chitinized dorsal wall is well shown in Prof. Comstock’s illustration (Fig. 508, Manual of Insects). The pupa has a pair of dorsal, pro- thoracic tracheal gills, each one of these organs consisting of four small elliptical, erect plates (Fig 2, g.). The whole of the flat ventral aspect of the pupa is applied to the rock, and the pupal cuticula is thin and mem- braneous. The wings and legs are folded on this flat ventral aspect. In the interior of the pupal body occur the interesting phenomena asso- ciated with the histolysis of many of the larval tissues and organs and the histogenesis of the imaginal tissues, Fra.2 Blepharocera capitata Which are as yet imperfectly under- poncho gui *8Pects «stood. More than thirty years ago Weissman published his account of the post embryonal development of Musca (COalliphora) vomi- toria, in which he told of the great breaking down or disinte- gration undergone by certain larval organs and of the devel- opment of the imaginal wings and legs from small groups of cells called imaginal discs, which could be found in the larva at an early age. Since then a few men have restudied the de- velopment of Calliphora, and, in addition, more or less com- pletely the development of a few other insects of complete metamorphosis, including a butterfly, a beetle, an Encyrtus, the little brown ant, and a few others. What has been found out is chiefly this, that in insects with complete metamorpho- sis many of the larval organs and tissues disintegrate during the pupal stage, while the corresponding imaginal organs de- velop from small scattered groups of primitive cells, which are not derived from the cells of the larval organs, but are distinct from them ; some of them are, indeed, derived directly from 312 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan the embryo. These groups of indifferentiated cells are called imaginal dises or histoblasts. The legs and wings of the imago develop each from a single histoblast, which is simply orig- inally an invaginated’ part of the embryonic skin. Among those tissues and organs of the larva which break down are most of the muscles, most of the alimentary canal, the salivary glands, much of the tracheary tissue, the fat body, ete. The reproductive organs, the nervous system and probably the. heart of the larva do not break down, but pass over with sim- ple modifications into the imaginal body. One of the most interesting things about these remarkable phenomena is the fact that in many insects—in Calliphora, for example—the breaking down of the larval tissues is accomplished by phago- cytosis. That is, the tissues are attacked by certain cells of the blood tissue, which destroy the tissues by eating them ; hence the name of the cells, phagocytes. But the disintegra- tion can occur, and does in the case of certain insects, without the intervention of the phagocytes. Now because the study among the Diptera of these phenom- ena of post embryonic development have been confined almost wholly to the specialized flies, the study of the post embryonic development of some Nematocerous form ought to be of special interest. But Blepharocera, although belonging to the gen- eralized Nematocerous flies, and with an imago in really very generalized condition (see the account later of the mouth parts of the female), has such a highly modified larva that it shows a very specialized condition of post embryonic development. It is believed by some morphologists that phagocytes aid in the disintegration of the larval tissues only where the post embryonal development takes place in a very short time, as in the Muscide. But my preparations show that phagocytosis occurs conspicuously and on a large scale in the development of Blepharocera, and this development is not specially hurried, the pupal stage lasting probably about two weeks. I am in- clined to believe, therefore, that a high specialization of the larva, with the more radical differences between the larval and imaginal organs necessitating a greater destruction of larval tissues and organs, is quite a sufficient cause for phago- cytosis, as rapid development. 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 313 The course of this histolysis and histogenesis, whose finding out has been the chief object of my study of Blepharocera, is, however, too complex a subject for consideration{in these brief notes. The Imago. The imagines have the general seeming of small Tipulids (Fig. 3, A). The legs are very long {and the bodies slender. The females are larger than the males, and have more robust abdomens. ‘To two specially interesting points in the structure of the imagines I wish to call attention. Fia. 8. Blepharocera capitata Loew; A, female; B, head of female, ceph- alic aspect. In attempting to understand the specialized mouth parts of the sucking and piercing insects it is necessary for us to find the most generalized condition of the mouth parts existing in any of the groups of sucking insects whose mouth parts are to be studied. Among the Lepidoptera, for example, there exist in two or three small moths (Hriocephala, Micropteryx) mouth parts of such generalized condition that their parts can be readily and certainly homologized with the familiar, simple orthopterous biting type. Between these simplest, easily understood mouth parts of Hriocephala and the highly special- ized mouth of the sphinx moth there exist all the gradations necessary to allow us to understand the course of specializa- tion and the homologies of the extraordinary sphinx proboscis. Among the Hymenoptera a similar condition prevails, and the complex ‘‘tongue’’ of a honey bee is understood, and the 314 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {Jan manner of its derivation is understood, because the general- ized Hymenoptera, the saw-flies, have mouth parts sufficiently like the orthopterous type to make the homologies apparent, and because there are among the various Hymenopterous in- sects conditions of mouth parts gradatory from saw- fly to honey bee. Now among the Diptera we search for the manariized signa among the presumably generalized flies, the Nematocera.* And among all the Nematocera perhaps none has a mouth which is more generalized, i. e., more nearly in the condition of the typical biting mouth, than Blepharocera. The femal es of Blepharocera, like the females of Simulium, Ceratopogon, Dixa, Culex and some other Nematocera, are blood-sucking,.and, bd 4, Blepharocera capitata Loew, mouth parts; /d, ¢., labrum. epi- Sy od, MX 4 maxilla ; mx. p., Maxillary palpus; md, mandible; wp, hypopharyoax; 7, lablum, while the mouth parts of these forms are not strictly biting, the mandibles are present, as cutting or sawing or piercing organs. The males of these forms are nectar-feeding and have lost the mandibles. In the mouth parts of the female Bleph- arocera all of the parts of the typical biting mouth are pres- ent, the mandibles, maxille and labium., The mandibles *For an account of the mouth parts of all the Nematocerous families see Kellogg, “The Mouth parts of Nematocerous Diptera,” Psyche, Vol. viii, Nos, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278. 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 315 (Fig-4, md.) are long and serrate on their inner edges, so as to be effective lacerating instruments. The maxille (Fig. 4, mx.) are elongate and blade-like and have four-segmented palpi. The labium (Fig. 4, li.) is, though somewhat elongated, truly tip-like and has its terminal lobes not coalesced and with- out pseudo-tracheze. The hypopharynx is not shortand tongue- like, as in the orthopterous mouth, but is long and slender, and stylet-like. Altogether the difference between the mouth parts of Blepharocera and the racial biting type is one of modifica- tion, and of modification not sufficient to obscure the homolo- gies, although a modification more profound than that shown by the most generalized Lepidoptera or Hymenoptera. On the other hand, there is not much dfficulty in tracing the de- velopment of the Dipterous mouth from the generalized condi- tionof Blepharocera (or Simulium, or Diva et al.) to that extraor- dinary specialized condition shown by Musca, where the man- dibles and maxille are lost and the labium is so modified that it has no longer any likeness to the ‘‘ lower lips’”’ of the or- thopterous mouth. The other specially interesting point in the imaginal anat- omy of Blepharocera is the structural condition of the com- pound eyes. It has long been observed that several flies (Simulium, Tabanaset al.)and certain other insects (Libellulide, Ascalaphus, Ephemeride, et al.) have two sizes of facets in each compound eye; that some have the field containing these differently sized facets well delimited, the fields being in some cases actually separated from each other by a non-facetted line or by a constriction. When this constriction is so com- plete that the eye is truly divided we may fairly say that there are two pairs of compound eyes, the two eyes of each lateral pair differing in the size of the facets. This last extreme con- dition exists in the case of the males of certain Ephemeride and in both males and females of Blepharocera capitata. The eyes of our Blepharocera are plainly divided, or are two on each side (Fig. 3, A and B). One of these eyes is dark colored, has small facets, and faces anteriorly and laterally. It is fairly convex. The other is reddish-brown, is composed of much larger facets, faces dorsally and has a nearly flat sur- face. This red, large faceted dorsal eye has the appearance of 316 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan flattened mushroom head, or thick plate, resting above the other eye. In the males the dorsal, large faceted eye is much smaller and less conspicuous than in the female, but both parts of the eye (or botheyes) are plainl y present. This dif- ference in the two parts of the eye is more radical, however, than can be discovered Lf: . bya mereexamination from without. The ommatidia or eye ele- % regions differ,asshown #3 alby sections (see Fig. 5), in many particu- | - S lars. Corresponding Sg oe f with the difference in “rath § size of the facets (the nator sy reac crite pti pag lobe ;/. /,, large faceted eye; s./,, small faceted eye ; Z, ommatidia) there is a unfaceted region between the two eyes of each side. marked difference in the diameter of the ommatidia from the two regions. The ommatidia of the dorsal large faceted eye are nearly twice as wide and they are tully twice as long as the ommatidia of the small faceted eye. Another striking and im- portant difference is this, the larger ommatidia are very much less strongly pigmented than the smaller ommatidia. There are, also, some differences in the character of the inner optic ‘‘layers’’ lying between the hypodermal portion of the eye and the brain; characters too technical for discussion here. In sum, however, it is evident that there is so marked a difference in structure between the two eye regions that there must be a difference in function. The seeing by one of the eye regions differs from the seeing by the other eye region. In a brief discussion elsewhere of the ‘‘ divided eyes of. arthropods ’’ * I have referred to the observations of Chun,t * Kellogg. “The Divided Eyes of Arthropods,” Zoologisches An- zeiger, 1898, No. 557, pp, 280-281. + Chun, Carl, “ Atlantis, Biologische Studien uber pelagische Organismen,” in Bibliotheca Zoologica, 1896, Bd. 7, Heft 19. 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 317 ‘ who has described the structure of the divided eyes of certain pelagic crustaceans, and to the observation of Zimmer,{ who has studied thedivided eyes of certain male May flies. Inboth of these cases the eyes show two sizesof facets, and accompany- ing this are both those other structural differences which are apparent in Blepharocera, viz.: the large ommatidia and small amount of pigment of the large faceted eyes as compared with the small ommatidia and heavy pigmenting of the small faceted eyes. Here are three groups of arthropods, certain crusta- ceans, May flies and flies, widely separated genetically and of widely varying habits, showing a common structural modifica- tion of the eyes. We have evidently to do with independent - adaptations determined by some common functional need. The large size of the ommatidia and the small amount of pigment are characters which adapt the large facted eyes for seeing in poor light (in the dark) and for readily perceiving moving objects (delieate perception of shadows).* The normal small faceted eyes see more accurately the actual shape of vis- ible objects ; they have better definition, but require much light. Chun explains that the large faceted eyesof the pelagic crustacea enable them to perceive their prey (for the crustacea possessing these eyes are all predaceous) in the poorly lighted levels of the water. The large faceted eyes of the male May flies enable them, according to Zimmer’s explanation, to per- ceive the advancing female during the twilight marriage flights peculiar to these forms. What is the special use of the large faceted eyes in the case of Blepharocera? The females are predaceous; they capture other smaller live insects, and, lacerating them with the saw-edged mandi- bles and blade-like maxille, lap their blood. The males, on the other hand, presumably, do not capture insects ; they have no mandibles and are probably nectar-feeding. The females might advantageously be possessed of a number of those large, weakly pigmented eye elements which are specially adapted t Zimmer, Carl, “ Die Facettenaguen der Ephemeriden,” Zeitsch. f. wiss. Zoologie, 1898, Bd. 63, pp. 236-262, pl. xii-xiii. * To present the proof of this statement, which is well based on the researches of Exner and others, would require a technical dis- cussion which space and the character of this paper forbids. 318 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [J an to the quick perception of moving objects. But what makes this explanation less convincing is the fact that the males also possess these large faceted ommatidia, although, to be sure, in fewer number. Perhaps both males and females are active at twilight. Search as carefully as I might I could never find but very few of the adult Blepharocera along the stream, from which they were certainly issuing by thousands. Until the habits of our fly is better known, then, it is hardly profitable to speculate on the special use of its large faceted eyes. In closing I wish to call attention to three other accounts of the life- -history and structure of Blepharoceridx, one being . paper (in Russian, which I have not seen) by Wierzeijskii ; * another a description of the larva and pupa of Liponeura brev- irostris, the specimen being found near Goslar, in the Hartz Mountains, Germany ; the other a detailed account (in Portu- guese) of the structure of the larva, pupa and imago of Palto- stoma torrentium, found in the proyince of Santa Catharina, Brazil.+ In this last account Dr. Muller claims that the females are dimorphic, one kind of female having divided eyes, man- dibles and long tarsal claws; and, being blood-sucking in habit, while the other kind lacks the dorsal large faceted eyes and mandibles, has short tarsal claws and is nectar-sucking in habit. Baron Osten Sacken has not been able to satisfy himself that Muller is correct in his claim of dimorphism, despite the fact that Muller’s reiterations are very emphatic. With this question of dimorphism in mind I have examined all of the females of Blepharocera capitata which I have collected, twenty- three innumber. All these females agree in possessing dorsal large faceted eyes and mandibles, and agree in all other struc- tural characters. There is no dimorphism among these speci- mens. Now almost all of the specimens were taken just at the moment of issuance from the pupal case in different parts of the stream at different times. The criticism that one kind of female may have habits rendering it more easily dis- covered and captured than the other kind, and, hence, that my few specimens include only the easily taken ones, is not valid in thiscase. I have, beside, dissected or sectioned many pupe, and, in the case of all females thus examined, the mandibles were present. It seems probable to me that there is no dimorphism among the females of Blepharocera capitata Liw, * Dewitz, H. ‘ Beschreibung der Larve u. Puppe von Liponeura, brevirostris Low,’ Berliner Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xxv, 1880, pp. 61-66, pl. lv. + Muller, Fritz, “A Metamorphose de um Insecto Diptero,” Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio Janeiro, 1881, vol. iv, pp. 47-85 pl. lv-vil- 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 319: ADDITIONAL LIST OF INSECTS TAKEN IN ALPINE RE- GION OF MOUNT WASHINGTON. By ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. I give herewith the names of some 170 species of insects taken in the summer of 1899, and not included in my former lists. I visited Mount Washington the last of June and remained thirteen jdays. Again in August I spent eleven days there. For identifications I am indebted to Messrs. Ashmead, Coquillett, Liebeck, Fox, Van Duzee, Fernald; Banks, Blanchard and Uhler. PROCTOTRYPIDZ, Chelogynus slossonz# Ashm. MS. Helorus paradoxus Prov. Pantoclis washingtonensis Ashm. MS. Pantoclis crassicornis Ashm. Zelotypa fuscicornis Ashm. Prosacantha tarsata Ashm. MS. Prosawantha argentispilis Ashm. MS. Galesus quebecensis Prov. CYNIPIDZ, Allotria brassicse Ashm. Ceroptres ficus Fitch. CHALCIDID. Perilampus platygaster Say. Chalcis tarsalis Ashm. Chiloneurus albicornis How. Chiropachys color Lenn. Miscogaster alticola n. sp., Ashm. Omphale livida Ashm. Dibrachys boucheanus Ratz. Euderus elongatus Ashm. Tetrastichus basinotatus Ashm. Eulophus alticola Ashm. MS. : EVANIIDZ. Aulacus rufitarsis Cr. ICHNEUMONID&. Ichneumon seminiger Cr. Ichneumon versabilis Cr. Amblyteles ormenus Cr. Phexogenes vincibilis Cr. Bathymetis tegularis n. sp. Ashm. Medophron monticola Ashm. MS. Phedroctonus coxalis Ashm. MS. 320 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ——_| [Jan Diachasma mellea Ashm. MS. Mesostenus candidus Cr. Pimpla indigatrix Walsh, Ecthrus luctuosus Prov. Ecthrus abdominalis C7. Polysphincta tricolor Ashm. n. sp. Ctenochira leucozonata Ashm. Polyblastus pedalis Cr. Ctenacme monticola Ashm. MS, Cosmocomus americanus Ashm. MS. Syrphoctonus bilineatus Ashm. n. sp. Pyracmon sp. Chorinzus costalis Davis. Exolytus grandis Ashm. Anomalon relictum Fab. Temelucha scutellata Ashm. Thersilochus provancheri Ashm. BRACONID2. Aphidius montivagus Ashm. MS. Hormiogaster slosssons Ashm. MS. Chelonus carinatus Prov. Rhogas aciculatus Cr. | Microdus annulipes Cr. PoMPILIDz. Ceropales fraterna Sin, CRABRONID&, Crabro 6-maculatus Say. Crabro nigrifrous Cr. Vespa diabolica Sauss, ANDRENID2. Halictus similis Sm. Agapostemon #ruginosus Sm. DIPTERA Mycetophila obscura Walk, Mycetophila punctata Me/g. Culex pungens Wied. Dicranomyia globithorax O, 4. Erioptera chrysocoma O. 4, Trichocera sp- Pachyrrhina eucera Lw. Tipula trivittata Say. Rhyphus punctatus. Odontomyia cineta Olzv, Tabanus cinctus /ab. Holeocepbala abdominalis Say. ; VESPID&, sets! < LE sD eee 1900] Rhamphomyia muta bilis Dw. Platy palpus apicalis Dw, Platypalpus lateralis Zw. Ardoptera irrorata Fall, Neoplasta scapularis Lw. Chilosia lasiophthalma Wil. Pyropheena ocy mi Jab. Temnostoma zquale Dw, Corops sylvosus W7//. Oncomyia loraria Lw, Actia palloris Cog. Zelia vertebrata Say. Pegomyia n. sp. ? Lispa hispida Walk. Ceenosia nudiseta Stein. Cordylura n. sp. ? Allophyla levis Lv. Calobata antennipes Say. Trypeta bella Dw. Palloptera jucunda? Lw: Sapromyza 0. sp. Prochyliza chrysostoma. Hydrina opposita Lw. Drosophila funebris Fad. Drosophila inversa Wadk. Drosophila quinarie Lw. Hippelates flavipes Zw. Hippelates pusio Lw. Chlerops proxima Say. Agromyza jucunda v. d. w. Agromyza melanopyga Lw. *Gymnophora arcuata Mer. Phora picta Lehm. COLEOPTERA. CARABIDZ. Calosoma scrutator Fad. Elaphrus clairville Kirby. Patrobus septentrionis De). Amara erratica Sturm. Platynus reflexus Lec. Harpalus pennsylvanicus De G. DyTIscIDz&, Celambus impressopunctatus Sch. — Agabus punctulatus Aude. STAPHYLINID&. Philonthus lomatus Zr. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 321 * Not before recorded from this country.”—CoQuUILLETT. 322 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. eat [Jan Philonthus brunneus? Grav. Conosoma knoxii Lec. — Homalium lapponicum Zeit. ENDOMYCHID&. Endomychus biguttatus Say. Cucusip2. Laemophleus adustus Lee. NITIDULID#&. Epurea sp. DASYLLID&. Cyphon ruficollis Say. ELATERID&. Dolopius lateralis Esch. Limonius aurifer ZLec.: (Estodes tenuicollis Rand. Sericosomus honestus Rand. LAMPYRID&. Plateros canaliculatus Say. Podabrus levicollis Kirby. Telephorus rectus Welsh. PTINID&. Anobium notatum Say. Xyletinus lugubris Lec. CERAMBYCID&. Leptura proxima Say. CHRYSOMELID&, Longitarsus turbatus Horn. CURCULIONIDA. Thysanocnemis fraxini Lec, Rhinoncus pyrrhopus Lec. ScoLyTmp 2. Hy pothenemus sp. Hylurgops pinifex Fitch. . ANTHRIBID%, Cratoparis lunatus Fab. LEPIDOPTERA, HETEROCERA. Actias lana Linn, Edema albifrons S. and A. Benta asperatella Clem, Crambus agitatellus Clem. Platyptilia marginidactyla Mitch. Tortrix conflictana Walk. Steganoptycha crispana Clem. 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Ree 323 . Argyresthia goedertella Linn. Buccalatrix canadensisella Cham. HEMIPTERA. HETEROPTERA. Podisus cynicus Say. Podisus serieventris Uhl. Banasa calva Say. Acanthosoma cruciata Say, Corizus noveboracensis Sign. Nysius thymi Wolf. Cymus sp. Lygus pn. sp. Lygus var. flavomaculatus Prov. Lygus monachus Uhl. Lygus hirticelus Uhl. Inacora malina Uhl. Largidena opaca Uhl, MS. Neoborus saxeus Dést. var. Agalliastes associatus Uhl. Agalliastes n. sp. Plagiognathus fraternus Uhl. Phytocoris n, sp. Cyrtorrhinus n. sp. Psallus n. sp. NEUROPTERA. Chloroperla montana Bks. Centroptilum luteolum Mueil, Chrysopa ypsilon F7/tch- Hemerobius stigmaterus F7tch. Hemerobius venusta Bks. ARANEID 2. ARACHNID &, Epgzira carbonaria Koch. Cornicularia communis Hentz, ray SOME NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW GENUS OF DIPTERA. By CHARLES W, JOHNSON. The new species here described are some that have been discovered in preparing the list of Diptera for Prof. John B. Smith’s list of the insects of New Jersey, now in press. 324 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [Jan : ‘ Cecidomyia oxyccocana Johnson, Cecidomyia vaccinii J. B. Smith. Special Bull. K., N. J. Agri. Exp. Sta., pp. 31-37, figs. 16, 17, 18, 1890. Catl. Ins. N. J., 360, 1890. aS Osten Sacken, ‘Maaaae! Vol. I, p. 196, 1862). Cecidomyia oxycoccana Johns. Ent. News, X., 80, 1899. This species was well described and figured = Prof. Smith in his special bulletin on ‘‘The Insects Injuriously Affecting Cranberries.’”’ As the name is preoccupied, I herewith take the liberty of redescribing it from Prof. Smith’s work under the above name. “In color the female is recognizable at once by the deep red abdo- men, the grayish upper side of thorax, sides more yellow and black head and eyes. The male is smaller than the female, of a more uniform yellowish gray and also with black eyes. The legs are very long and yellowish, covered with fine hairs. The antennxe of the male are long and very handsome, appearing like a string of beads, each bead set with long hairs in a circle around it. The an- tenn of the female are much shorter, the joints oval and closely joined. The female is furnished with a long extensile ovipositor, by means of which she thrusts her eggs into the very heart of the young shoot, probably depositing them at the base of one of the minute leaves just forming. The imago is about one sixteenth of aninch in length, the wings expanding about one-eighth of an inch, covered with fine hair, “The larva is a minute orange red or yellow grub, about .06 inch or a trifle more in length. When fully grown the larva spins a very thin and delicate pure white cocoon, in which it changes into a pupa, with all the members of the future fly distinctly traceable. The pupa wriggles out of the cocoon before the fly emerges and makes its way to the edge of the leaf by means of the little rough points with which the abdomen is set. “ There are at least four, and probably five, broods of this insect, ranging in time from the beginning of May to the middle or end of September, and requiring from larva to imago about thirteen days.” Infests the terminal buds of. the cranberry and ‘‘ Loose Strife ’’ (Lysimachia terrestris) in the vieinity of re and other sections of the State. Teucholabis complexa Osten Sacken. The larve of this species was found in considerable number under the bark of a decayed oak in the woods below Peer- mont (Avalon), on June 8th. They commenced pupating 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 325 about the 13th, the imagos continuing to emerge from the 22d to the 27th. Sargus ceruleifrons, n. sp. B&Q. Upper half of the front and the vertex bluish green, shin- ing, about one-third narrower in the ¢ than in the 2 ; lower half of the front yellow, with a prominent transverse ridge, the upper edge of which is pure white; this ridge occupies about the middle of the front; face and occiput black, facial orbits yellow, palpi whitish, antenne yellow with black hairs, ariste black, the first joint of the antenne slightly longer than in most species. Dorsum of the thorax, the scutellum and metanotum green, in the male, blue, witha slight green shade; humeral callus and pleura yellow, sternum black. Abdomen bright blue in the 9, blue black in the o', sparsely covered with whitish pile, that is, thicker on the sides and at the margin of the segments; ventor black, the anterior margins of the segments yellowish. Legs light yellow, terminal half of the posterior femora (on the upper side) and tibise and the three last joints of the ‘tarsi dark brown Wings, brownish hya- line, stigma and veins dark brown. Length, ¢' 7mm., 9 8mm, Two specimens were taken in coition along Dunnfield creek, Delaware Water Gap, N. J., J uly 12, 1898. Therioplectes politus, n. sp. 3 Face black, pile whitish, oral margins brownish, with white pile that is longer than that on the face, mouth parts brownish ; ‘front black, densely covered with a grayish pubescence. Antenne reddish, with black hairs, upper edge of the third joint brown, tip- black, Thorax and scutellum black, shining, with sparse. black ‘pile ; two subdorsal stripes, formed by grayish bloom, extends from the anterior margin to the suture, antealar tubercle yellow, humeri and postalar tubercle brownish, pleure black, with long yellow pile, especially below the base of the wing and tegule. Abdo- men; first three segments yellow, shining, translucent, with a broad dorsal stripe and lateral margins brown, the remainder of the segments shining black, narrowly margined posteriorly with yellow, anterior margin of the four segments on each side and an obsolete spot connected with the posterior margin also yellowish, pile sparse blackish, second and third ventral segments yellow, translucent, first and fourth brown, the others black, all except the first with a posterior band of whitish bloom, Wings hyaline> veins and the greater portion of the marginal and submarginal cells brown. Legs black, base of the anterior tibis and the tibie and tarsi of the middle and posterior legs brown. Length, 10mm. One 3, collected at Merchantville, June 28, 1899. Anxiously looking for more material, I have refrained until now in de- scribing this interesting species. 326 _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan Daulopogon terricola, n. sp. 3 2. Head with adense, grayish pubescence, in certain lights the middle of the front and a line across the vertex is dark brown mystax, and the hair on the lower part of the occiput white, the antenne and mouth parts black. Thorax and scutellum covered with a thick, grey pubescence, with two dorsal and a dorso-pleural line of brown, pleurs. also with a dense grayish pubescence. Ab- domen black, with a thin, whitish pubescence, segments minutely punctate, with a narrow, shining posterior border, which in some specimens show a more or less brownish color,a lateral margin expanding toward the posterior angle of each segment, is of a light gray ona yellowish ground, ventor with grayish pubescence, hy- popygium brownish. Wings, hyaline veins dark brown, halters yellow. Legs reddish brown, cox, front and usually the middle femora, except the tip black, pubescence and hair white, terminal joints of the tarsi more or less blackish, hairs and bristles on the tibe and tarsi black. Length, 7mm. Ocean County (Prof. J. B. Smith), Clementon, May 9th, 30th ; Wenonah, May 14th ; Riverton, May 29th. This spe— cies is quite common during the spring on the low, damp ground of southern New Jersey. I have seen it from no other locality. _Rivellia brevifasciata, n. sp. 3 @. Lower half of the face shining black, upper half opaque, front brown. opaque, vertex with three shining black spots, the central one surrounding the ocelli, frontal and facial orbits silvery; occiputs black, antenne reddish, tip of third joint dark brown, Thorax and abdomena uniform dark green. Legs entirely light yellow. The four bands on the wings are obsolete or greatly ab- breviated, the first and second costal cells are hyaline; the first band consists only of a spot in the marginal cell; the second and third bands do not extend beyond the fourth longitudinal vein ; the fourth, or apical band, about the same as in 2. favimana, but not connected with the third along the costal margin. Length,4mm. This species is nearest related to 2. flavimana Loew, from which it is at once separated by the obsolete bands and _hya- line costal cells. Atco, June 18, 1893, I have also two specimens from Dr, Garry deN. Hough, collected by Mr. G. R. Pilate at Tifton, Ga., June 6th. Chastopsis apicalis, nu. sp. Fig 1. e Resembles C. anea Wied., except in the color of the wings, which in this species are yellowish, witha large brownish-black apical 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 327 spot, bordered by a subarcuate whitish band; in some specimens there is a slight brownish tinge along the inner edge of the white band toward the costa; in others the apical spot is | broken into three parts, forming wide margins to the veins, with hyaline stripes in the middle of the cells. - Length, 4 to 6mm. & &- Cape May, June 14th; Anglesea, July 16th ; Sea Isle City, July 22d ; alsoat Ormond, Fla. (Mrs. Slosson), and St. Augus- tine. This may possibly be only a variation of OC. @nea, but in the large series before me I fail to find satisfactory inter- mediates. It seems to be confined to the sea coast and is quite common in and along the salt water marshes. Sepsisoma, n. gen. Body slender, resembling Sepsis in form. Front very broad, face but slightly projecting, occiput fully one-third the total length of the head. Ocelli not approximate, the two upper ones being on the posterior edge of the vertex, the other nearthe front, ariste dis- tinctly pubescent. Two prominent lateral prothoracic and two mesothoracic bristles, scutellum small with two bristles. Meta- thorax abruptly sloping. Abdomen subpedunculate. Legs slen- der, femora not thickened, front and hind femora only, with four or, five small spines on the under side toward the tip. Wings sim- ilar to those of the genus Stenomacra Loew. It belongs to the sec- tion Richardina, family Ortalide. Sepsisoma flavescens, n. sp. Fig. 2. Head, thorax, abdomen, legs and autenue reddish yellow, ocelli brownish black, third joint of the antenne slightly more than double the length of the second and third together, oblong and ta- “—————~ =~ pering slightly toward the tip; vertex shining with four bristles, one on each side of the anterior ocelli, the others on the orbits, occiput also with four bris- tles, two on each side near the vertex. Thorax subopaque, halters light yel- low. Abdomen somewhat darker toward the base, the whole covered with a short yellowish pile. Legs covered with short yellowish hairs, middle and posterior tibiz and tarsi with a more or less brownish tinge. Wings hyaline, with a small brown spot at top, extending equally along the margin on each side of the end of the third longitudinal vein. Length, 6mm. Three specimens, one of which was taken along Big Timber Creek, a short distance above Westville, August 19, 1897. 328 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan Neaspilota achillex, n.sp. Fig. 3. Head light yellow, first and second joints of the antenne Kin light yellow, third joint of a slightly darker shade. Thorax and scutellum light yellow, dorsal portion and the metathorax blackish with a whitish bloom and pubescence. Abdomen dark yellow, with blackish pile. Ov- as ipositor shiny, legs yellow, wings as shown in figure, except that in some specimens there is only a wide costal margin, the short transverse stripe becoming obsolete or wanting Length, 4mm. Common on the Yarrow or Milfoil (Achillea millefolium) at Avalon, June 30, 1895; one specimen, Edge Hill, Montgom- ery County, Pa., July 4th ; also one specimen from Dr. Garry deN. Hough, collected by Mr. G. R. Pilate at Tifton, Ga., June 6, 1896. It resembles in general appearance a small JN. vernonia Lv. NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN DIURNALS WITH SOME ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO DR. SKINNER'S CATALOGUE. Wit11aM Barnes, M.D, Decatur, Illinois. Heliconius charitonius Linn This species, socommon in Florida, is only rarely found in Texas and Arizona I have occasionally re- ceived specimens from near Kerrville, Texas, and from Cochise Co., Arizona. Agraulis vanilla Linn. Occasionally found as far north as Col- orado. Argynnis cybele Vay. carpenterii Edw. The original types of this variety were taken on Taos Peak, northern New Mexico,and notin Arizonaas is stated in both Edwards’ and Skinner’s catalogues. I have this year received specimens from near Durango, South- west Colorado, Cybele, as it occurs with us in the East, [ have never seen in the mourtainous regions of Colorado, nor west of the con- tinentaldivide, Typical /ef/o occurs as far east as Utah, and pos- sibly in the extreme western part of Colorado along the line. In the intermediate territory between where leto and cybele fly we find the forms of carpenterii and charlots, the former more to the eastward, the latter west and north. Charlottiformsa very close connecting link between /efo and cybele, and its occurrence in the Intermediate territory is of interest as showing the path along which at some former time the species probably spread across the continent. 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 329 Argynnis owent Edw. t transparent, with a broad dark rim; there is a yellow shade, almost a spot, where the wings start near the body. The body is dark brown with orange yellow spots on each side, similar to caro- lina. A. TRroscHen Norre—The description applies fairly well to Coevi/us (Sphinx) cluentius Cram, or C. duponchelit Poey, Our largest specimen of the former measures about four and one-halfinches, and of the latter five and one-half inches, HENRY SKINNER, 1900] 335 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEwWS solicit and will thankfullyreceive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliograph- ers. | To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it necessary to put “copy” into the hands of the printer for each number three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five “extras,” without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the num- ber desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—EbD. PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1900. Another volume has rolled into the past, and we are pre- pared to go on with THE News and make it better than ever. It is our purpose to increase the number of pages and thus give more matter of interest and be able to more rapidly put into print the many papers that we receive. We also hope to be able to give colored illustrations, in addition to the usual half-tones and line engravings. We will welcome more arti- cles of a popular but instructive nature, as many of our read- ers are non-professional and care little for the dry details of systematic work, although articles of this latter class will not be ignored. While we will give our readers still more for their money, the price will be the same as it was when we only pub: lished sixteen pages a month. In 1890, when THE NEWS was commenced, we hardly thought it would grow to a forty-page journal, and we feel grateful to those who in the past ten years have given us their aid and encouragement. 336 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J. Papers for this department are solicited. They should be sent to the editor, Prof. John B. Smith, Se. D., New Brunswick, N. J. LIFE HISTORY OF A TICK. The scantiness of the present knowledge of the life history and habits of the tick kind may render the following observations on the South African Bont Tick Amblyomma hebreum Koch of some in- terest to American students. Other species found at the Cape pre- sent a similar life history. and the same is doubtless true of some of the American species, as, for instance, the Lone Star Tick and the Dog Tick of the South, which Professor Morgan, of the Louisiana Experiment Station, states are to be found as nvmphs and adults in pastures. The mother Bont Tick deposits her eggs on or in the soi! or in rubbish, by preference just beneath the surface in soft ground. The young tick ascends the nearest support, whether grass, bush, fence post or anything else, and there, in-company with its kind, awaits the passing of an animal. It generally remains motionless, but a movement in its vicinity usually causes it to extend its fore legs and to vigorously claw the air; this admits of its securing a hold — onan animal with little waste of energy. Once on ‘and attached, little enlargement takes place until after the thirdday. Then rapid distention occurs, and ina day or two the tick lets go its hold and drops. The duration of this period on the host varied from tive to eight days in the thousands of larve reared in the course of recent studies; the greatest number always fell on the sixth day. The reason for the variation is unknown, but is suspected to be con- connected with the difference in the flow of blood from different tissues. The distended larva is very active until a place for concealment is found, Then it becomes sluggish and gradually dormant. After a period of variable length the skin ruptures across the front and the nymph stage begins. If the tick is kept continually in a tempera- ture of ninety degrees or above, the change to the ny mph is com- plete in sixteen days from the voluntary dropping. Under ordinary conditions of temperature, however, the period must be a long one; in the case of some of the ticks reared it exceeded eleven weeks, The nymph behaves much as did the larva, but, naturally, as it is separated from its brothers, it generally waits alone. ln time it usually secures a host. Then, as before, there is little change in size —_ 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 337 for a few days; rapid distention follows and it soon falls off volun- tarily for the second time. The duration limits of this host period, as shown by the thousand or more individuals reared under .obser- vation, are four and one-quarter and eight days; as in the case of the larva, most of the “drops” occurred on the sixth day. The distended nymph roams about until a suitable hiding place is found, which, where possible, is in the cover of the soil or plant stems, and then it settlesdown to moult. Incubation at 100 to 103 degrees has, in the case of two large batches, indicated the minimum period from the drop to this moult to be twenty-four days. The maximum limit has not yet been determined, but exceeds eleven weeks ata tem perature averaging 65 degrees. The sex, which in the larval and nymphal stages appears indis- tinguishable, is clearly indicated by the colors, markings and other characters in the adult. So distinct are the markings and so thin the old skin, that the sexes may be separated two or three days be- fore the moult actually takes place. In general appearance the adult is as different as can be from the earlier stages, and therefore, until these studies were made, it is not strange that the different stages of the species failed to be associated with one another. After its second and final moult the tick again seeks its host, and in its quest it now does relatively much more traveling and less resting than asa larvaornymph. The male fastens toa beast with- out much hesitancy, but the female is very reluctant to attach her- self except in front of or close by one of the opposite sex. Almost or quite invariably the female does the courting. She will not, however, take notice of a male prior to the latter’s attaching himself, and neither will the male give her encouragement. Fora number of days, the minimum of which appears to be four, the male continues unattractive, and although a female may come up and touch him with her fore legs she passes him by. Then an entire change takes place in his behavior, ana on the approach of a fe- male he is thrown into wild excitement. He brings his body at right angles with the skin of the animal and waves his eight legs frantically. His would-be-mate rushes up, is caught by the waving legs, and in a few seconds the pair is in close embrace, the limbs of each entwining the other. The female then proceeds to penetrate the skin of the host just‘in front of where her mate is attached. Sometimes several females dispute over one male; and in such a case the unlucky ones may settle down, even to half a dozen in num* ber, around the pair. ; A few days after mating in this manner the female begins to swell, at first slowly and then morerapidly; by about the fifth day she may be half distended. Full distention is generally attained on the seventh or eighth day and. the tick then falls, Development may, however, be complete in six and one-half days, or may not be 338 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan until the ninth. A female which takes up her position alone de- velops little, and is almost sure to let go within a week and renew her search for an eligible male. An unmated male may also relax his hold and search fora mate, but this does not appear to bea common habit, and in such cases as it has been noticed the male settled down near a lone female and left her to change her position to effect the match he evidently desired. The duration of a male’s life on the host has still to be determined, but many specimens now on cattle under observation have been attached already over five weeks. During its stay it may have several successive mates. Sometimes it turns or is pulled about so as to embrace a second before the first has fallen, and a third has been observed to closely follow a second. The period which elavses between the dropping of the distended female and the beginning at oviposition has varied in instances ob- Served from two to ten weeks. Oviposition has extended from three to nine weeks and incubation from eleven weeks to six months, Under ordinary conditions it is estimated that the entire round of life normally occupies at least a twelvemonth. Larval ticks hatched six months ago are still alive. The hungry nymphs have less vitality and few have survived thirteen weeks, although the majority not utilized in tracing the life history survived full three months. The waiting adult ticks seem to become exhausted in a shorter time, but those kept did not begin to die off until the tenth week. The different stages have been kept the periods men- tioned, principally at the office or in living rooms. The vitality of all has no doubt been severely tested by frequent disturbances and by being carried on long train and cart journeys. The larve have been kept in a cork-stoppered bottle, the nymphs in a glass-topped jar, and the adults in glass-topped pisteboard boxes. No moisture or anything from which nourishment could be derived has been given them. The larve when on the host naturally gorge themselves with blood, but many specimens reared evidenced by their cream or pink body color that they had drawn colorless fluids wholly or in part. When distended the larve measure 2mm.in length The nymphs reared were very uniform in their color; when distended fully they measure 5mm. to 6mm. in length, but exceptional individuals drop when even less than 4mm. A critical examination may show sexual differences in this stage but a superticial one; all that has thus far been made shows none at all. The adults measure from 4mm. to 6mm. in length when they emerge from the nymphal skin. The male does not increase perceptibly in length or breadth during its stay on the host. The female generally increases to at least 2mm in length. and individuals measuring 25mm. long, 19mm, wideand 13mm. thick are not uncommon, These details are in- 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . 339 cluded here merely to give on2 an idea of the size of this gigantic species. Owing to the size of the tick there is no difficulty in observing the interesting process of oviposition. For this act a broad furrow forms under the depressed rostrum and the genital orifice, which normally is beneath the body, is thus brought to the front margin. The lips of the orifice extrude, act as an ovipositor, and carry the egg upward almost half way over the depressed rostrum. Mean- while a pale colored, glandular organ, cleft for much of its length» protrudes from a cavity situated immediately beneath the fore margin of the shield. Gradually unfolding its glistening arms» this gland extends itself downward over the rostrum, grasps th® egg and apparently envelopes it in slime, which it secretes. It then retracts, dragging the egg with it for a distance, but eventually leaving its charge resting on the rostrum. The latter organ with the palpi then comes into play, and rising together they push the ege forward and out of the way. The whole operation usually oc- cupies from fifty-five to s'xty-five seconds. The slightest touch causes a suspension of the work, and several hours generally elapse before it sgain begins. If repeatedly disturbed, as for instance by the daily removal of the eggs, the tick may cease laying altogether, By careful computation the egg complements of three ticks taken at random have been found to be, respectively, about 10,000, 13,400 and 17,600. It is presumed that the largest individuals lay as many as 20,000, The eggs adhere to one another and form an irregular mass in front of the body. The adult male does not appear to draw blood but to live on serous matter. There is always some inflammation about the “bites” of all stages,and at least a slight suppuration occurs where the aduits settle. Great sores sometimes form, and it is this result of tick attack more than the actual loss of blood that makes the tick problem so important in South Africa. Heifers on badly infested farms sometimes lose from one to all four teats before they calve, and there are stock farms on which a cow with a sound udder is exceptional. The transmission of several blood diseases is at- tributed to the agency of the species by the farmers, and in the course of studying the life history it was incidentally discovered that the farmers were perfectly correct as far as Red Water (‘Texas or Southern fever) was concerned. This malady was transmitted to astabled cow located a thousand miles from where the origina! female ticks were obtained. The Bont Tick in all stages attacks all kinds of stock farmed in South Africa, and that without apparent discrimination. Different classes of stock may be infested by the same tick in the different stages of its development. The tick does not do well where the hair is thick and long, or it would be nearer the truth to say that it is not 340 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan adapted to climbing threugh hair. Therefore few, particularly in the adult stage, are found away from the relatively bare places, and hence some classes of stock become far more infested than others. Animals in high condition are less subject to attack than those in poor condition, but an animal in the very pink of condition may become much infested. Some individual animalsare far less suscepti- ble than others, but ‘‘ tick-proof” animals have not been observed. The less susceptible animais are probably found by as many ticks as the others, but for an unexplained reason or reasons the ticks do not take hold. In this connection it may be mentioned that most ticks get on and tumble off a number of times before securing a hold- Horses are made lame by infestation beneath the fetlock; sheep and . goats by:attack between the toes. Ostriches are able to reach almost all parts of their bodies to remove the tick, and so keep themselves relatively free, the whole surface considered. Larve, nymphs and adults have all fastened on to the writer, but not so freely as on to cattle. Oddly, the pubic regions appear to be most attractive to them. Thisapparent preference was at first thought to be due to the arrangement of the clothing, but latterly it has been learned that native children, clad in a single garment hanging from the shoulders, suffer the sarne experience. CHARLES P. LOUNSBURY. Cape Town, South Africa. 4“) Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. KINGBIRDS EATING DRAGONFLIES.— During July and August, 1899, . at Cottage City, Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., kingbirds were fre- quently observed to catch and eat a large species of dragonfly which occurred abundantly about the house and downs The captured insects were invariably carried toa convenient perch, usually a fence, on which they were held with the bird’s feet, while the wings were stripped off and discarded, when the body was pulled to pieces and eaten, J. Percy Moore. (The dragonfly referred to was Lpiaschna heros Fabr.; the king- bird is, of course, the common Tyrannus, tyrannus L. This is the most definite observation yet recorded, to my knowledge, on this subject, J. L. Hersey, Can. Ent., April, 1873, p. 160, having merely recorded that dragonflies are a favorite food for kingbirds See also M. J. Elrod in Tue News for January, 1898, p. 9, at bottom — E.G PA ENromo.LoGicaAL Honors.—Dr, L. O, Howard, Professors John B. Smith, Ff. M. Webster and H,. F. Wickham were unanimously elected honorary members of the Entomological Society of Ontario at its meeting of October 11 and 12, 1899. a ll 1900] _-s ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. a4 one In response to an invitation sent out by Mr. H. H. Newcomb, a number of gentlemen met at his office in the Puritan Building, 35 Court street, Boston, on the evening of Friday, November 24, 1899, to take steps toward the formation of an Entomological Club. Mr. Newcomb presided, and Mr. W. L. W. Field was appointed to fill the office of secretary-treasurer pending the regular election of of- ficers. The selection of a name for theclub was deferred to the next meeting. It was agreed that the organization should be as informal as possible, and that itschief purpose should be to furnish oppor- tunities for social intercourse among local entomologists. It was voted to meet again in the same place on Friday, December 15th, at 7:00 p. m. Beside those already mentioned there were present Messrs. P. G. Bolster, E. B. Clapp, J. A. Field, A. P. Hall, W. F. Low, G. A. Smalley, L. W. Swett, C. O. Zerrahn. WE learn from Mr. Philip Nell, 1836 North Seventh street, Phil- adelphia, that he is printing pin labels for entomologists all over the United States and Canada. Thisgreatly pleases us, as it marks a great advance in the study of entomology. The carelessness of the past in regard to lack of data is greatly to be deplored, and many specimens collected by our predecessors are worthless on this ac- count. Weadvise all our readers, subscribers and friends who do not use these labels to immediately get a supply and properly label the pins of all their specimens and send a supply of labels along with any specimens they send in exchange to correspondents. ‘THe BritisH-Bo—ER WAR—MOUTILATED IN A Horet.—November 19th.—The latest eccentricity of the enemy was the firing of three rounds from a howitzer at half past seven o'clock last evening. The second missile pierced the roof of the Royal Hotel. Mr. Stark, a naturalist, who was preparing a book on “ The Entomology of Natal,” was standing in the doorway. He was hurled into the street, both his legs being torn off. He said, ‘* Look after my cat,” and then died.— Philadelphia Ledger, November 30th. (Mr. Stark was preparing a work on “‘ The Ornithology of South Africa ;” thefirst volume of which he had completed. The work is to form part of Slater's ‘‘ Fauna of South Africa.”—Eps. ] ON PERENNIAL YoutH.—F ads and fancies, or other pleasures and occupations, may become out-of-date,grow old or lose their charms, but nature study never. It is to be enjoyed by the really young at eight, to the young at heart at eighty and upwards. Pleasant memories are stored in youth for a beautiful harvest in old age, in- creased steadily by yearly accumulations. The naturalist may number his years by many, but he is never old.” — Popular Science. September, 1899. THe drawing for the cover was made by our good friend Mr. Browning, of Salt Lake City, Utah. 342 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan Entomological Literature, COMPILED BY P. P. CALVERT, Under the above head it is intended to mention papers received at the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South). Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. Contributions to the anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be re- corded. The numbers in HEAVY-FACED TYPE refer to the journals, as num- bered in the following list, in which the papers are published ; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms. Titles of all articles in foreign languages are translated into English; usually such articles are written in the same language as the title of the journal contain- ing them, but when such articles are in other languages than English, French, German or Italian, this fact is indicated in brackets. 4. The Canadian Entomologist, London, Ont. Nov., ’99.—5. Psyche, Cambridge, Mass., Dec., ’99.—7. Bulletin No. 20, new series, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Wash- ington, ’99.—Il. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Lon- don, Nov.,’99.—15. Biologia Centrali- Americana, pt. cl, London, Sept., ’99.—35. Annales, Société Entomologique de Belgique, xliii, Brussels, ’99.—55, Le Naturaliste, Paris, ’99.—60ce. Comunicaciones, Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires,\i, 4, Sept. 20,°99.—74. Naturwissen- -schaftliche,Wochenschrift, Berlin, ’99.—81. Biologisches Central- pblatt, Erlangen, ‘99.—82. Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie, Jena, ’99. —84. Insekten Borse,Leipsic, ’99.—89. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Ab- theilung fiir Systematik, xii, Jena, Sept. 28,’ 99.—1I9. Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, lxv, i, 3, Berlin, Oct , ’99. The General Subject.—-Bachmetjew, P. Onthe temperature of insects according to observations in Bulgaria, figs., Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie, lxvi, 4, Leipsic, Oct. 20, °99.—Boas, J. E. V. Some remarks on the metamorphosis of insects, figs., 1 pl., 89.—Comstock, J. H., and Needham, J. G. The wings of insects, v., American Naturalist, Boston, Noy., ’99.— Felt, E. P. Memorial of life and entomologic work of Joseph Albert Lintner, Ph. D. [New York] State Entomologist, 1874-98. Bulletins, New York State Museum, v, 24, Albany, Oct., ’99.—1 d. Voluntary entomologic service in New York State, 7.—F rtih- storfer, H. Diary leaves [with remarks on American entom- ological collections], 84, Nov. 9, 16, 23.—Henslow, G. The fertilization of flowers by insects and other agencies, Journal, Royal Horticultural Society, xxiii, 2, London, Nov. ’99.—Korschelt, E., and Heider, K. Text-bookof the Embryology of Inver- tebrates. Translated from the German by Matilda Bernard. Re- vised and edited with additional notes by Martin IF. Woodward. Vol. IU Arachnida, Pentastomide, Pantapoda, Tardigrada,Ony- chophora, Myriopoda, Insecta, London: Swan, Sonnenschein & Co, Ltd. New York: The Macmillan Co, 1899. Pp. xii, 441, 194 figs~Kriiger, G. The London insect market, 84, Nov. 9.— Oudemans, J. T. De Nederlandsche Insecten, Aflevering 12, 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 343 13. s’Gravenhage, Martinus Nijhoff, 1899. Pp. 529-588, figs.. Dip- tera; pp- 589-596, Siphonaptera; pp 597-640, figs., pls. xxviii-xxxii, Coleoptera Rec’d. Dec ,’99—Rousseau, E. On the histol- ogy of insects, ii. Spermatozoids and spermatogenesis, figs., 35, No. 11, Nov. 27. - Economic Entomology.—A non. Phylloxera in Spain, 55, Nov. 1. —Burgess, A. F. A destructive tan-bark beetle, 7.—Cao, G. On the passage of micro-organisms through the intestine of some insects, 82, Oct. 28.—Celli, A., and Del Pino, G. Contribution to knowledge of malaria-epidemiology from the latest etiological standpoint, 82, Nov.7.—Felt, E. P. Notes of the year for New York,7.—Fletcher,J. Insect pests, remedial treatment. Evidence before the Select Standing Committee [of the Canadian Parliament) on Agriculture and Colonization. Printed by order of Parliament. Ottawa, S. E. Dawson, 1899.—F or- bush, E. H. The destruction of hairy caterpillars by birds, 7. —Id. Recent work against the gipsy moth,7.—-Francis, M., andConnaway,J.W. Texas fever[and tick infestation), figs. Bulletin No. 538, Texas Agric. Exper. Stations, College Station, Brazos Co., Tex., Oct ,’99.—G rassi, B. Observations on the report of the Second Malarial Expedition in Italy presided over by Prof. Koch, ete. Rendiconti, Accademia dei Lincei, Rome, Oct. 15, Nov.5,’°99—H oward, L. O. A remedy for gadflies: Port- schinki’s recent discovery in Russia, with some American observa- tions, 7.—Id. The present status of the caprifig experiments in California, 7—Howard, L. O., and Marlatt, C. L. The original home of the San}José scale,7--Johnson, W. G. The Emory fumigator: a new method for handling hydrocyanic acid gas in orchards, 7.—Id. Miscellaneous entomological notes, 7. —Id. The destructive pea louse,a new and important economic species of the genus Nectarophora, 7.—Ild. Thestalk worm: a new enemy to young tobacco,7.—K irkland, A. H. A prob- able remedy for the cranberry fireworm, 7.—l1d. An improvement in the manufacture of arsenate of lead, 7—-I[d. Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Association of Economic Entomol- ogists, Columbus, O., Aug. 18 and 19,’99,7.-Lebois. D. A roach-trap, La Nature, Paris, Nov. 25,’99.—Lounsbury, C- P.etal. Ants, spraying locusts with paraffine, aphids on peach trees, vine beetle, Agricultural Journal, Cape Town, Oct. 26, ’99.— Marlatt, C. L. The laissez faire philosophy applied to the insect problem, 7.—id. Temperature control of scale insects, 7. —Id. An account of Aspidiotus ostreeformis, figs., 7.—P it- caithley, A. Notesonthe larch disease, Transactions and Pro- ceedings, Perthshire Society of Natural Science, iii, pt.1, Perth, ’99. Plimmer, H. G., and Bradford, J. R. Preliminary notice on the morphology and distribution of the parasite found In tsetse fly disease, 82, Oct, 28.—Quaintance, A. L. Some 344 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan important insect enemies of cucurbits, figs. Bulletin No. 45, State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Georgia Exper. Station» Experiment, Ga., Oct., ’99.—Id. Some insects and fungi destruc- © tive to truck and garden crops, figs. Proceedings, Twenty-third Annual Meeting, Georgia State Horticultural Society, Augusta, Ga., °99.—Id. Some insects of the year in Georgia,7.—Sch wein- furth. On the causeof malaria, 74, Oct.15.—Scott, W. M. Fatal temperature for some Coccids in Georgia, 7, Smith, J. B. Three common orchard scales, figs., Bulletin 140, New Jersey Agric. Experiment Station, New Brunswick, N,J., Oct. 31,799-—-W ebster, F. M. Insectary and office methods 7.—Id. An interesting outbreak of chinch bugs in northern Ohio, 7.—Webster, F. M., and Mally, C. W. Insects of the year in Ohio, 7-—Wilcox, E. V. Abstracts of recent papers, Experiment Station Record, xi, 3, U. S. Dep't. of Agricul- ture, Washington, ’99. Arachnida.—Cambridge, F. O. P. Arachnida Arane- idea, vol. ii, pp- 57-64." 15.—M olliard, M. On the histological modifications produced in stems by the actionof Phytoptus, Comptes Rendus, Academie des Sciences, Paris, Nov. 20,’°99.—Simon, E. Results of a voyage to the Pacific (Schauinsland, 1896-’97), Arach- noids, 89.—Smith, F. P. An introduction to British spiders , figs., Science Gossip, London, Dec. ’99. Myriopoda.—Verhoeff, C. Contributions to knowledge of palaearctic Myriopods, iv: On the classification, phylogeny and comparative morphology of the Julidse and on some other Diplo- pods, 4 pls, I9. Orthoptera.—Scudder,S. H. Pseudopomala and its allies,* 5. Neuroptera.—Needham, J. G- Directions forcollecting and rearing dragonflies, stone fliesand May flies, figs., Part O of Bulletin No. 39, U. 8. National Museum, Washington, ’99. Hemiptera-—Ball, E. D. Some new Deltocephalinew (Jassi. de),*4—Bergroth, E. rida. The secretary called attention to the disproportionate number of females against males in a collection of Eumenide from Brazil. Dr. Skinner spoke on the present tendency of scientific workers to specialization, which he defended. Prof. Smith commended the entomological portion of the Cam- bridge Natural History by Dr. David Sharp and referred to the high quality of the illustrations. An American elementary work on insects published during the past year forms quite a contrast to the former, not only in ideas but in illustrations. The meeting then adjourned to a collation prepared by our host. Mr. Haimbach, at which the social side of the gathering was much in evidence. WitiiaM J. Fox, Secretary. A regular meeting of the Newark (N. J.) Entomological Society was held at Turn Hall Sunday, November 12th, Vice-President Kemp presiding and ten members present. Mr. Erb remarked that Catocale were rare during the past season, but added that he was very successful in rearing Sphinw larva, taken mostly on Long Island. Other members reported that collecting was poor last sea- son. Mr, Weidt exhibited several specimens of the genus Crocata, which were bred from eggs laid August 17th (second brvod). The first imago emerged November lst and the last November 11th. Pup# were kept in cellar since September. The specimens were two J’, with a heavy black band on lower wing, One showing a ten- dency to break into spots. There was one 2, with the same black band. This makesthethird brood. The balance of pup will prob- ably lay over until spring. Mr. Kemp reported taking a nearly full- grown larva of Gdemasia badia on bay (nameof plant) in the mid- dle of June, Imago emerged July 5th. A.J. Werpt, Secretary. Ent. News, Vol. XI. Pld NEW MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA (Dietz). Se pe a ee eee & Vol JAL No. 2. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Stenopelmatus fasciatus. FEBRUARY, 1900. EDITOR: HENRY SKINNER, M. D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: EZRA T. CRESSON. CHARLES A. BLAKE, CHARLES LIEBECK. PHILIP LAURENT. WILLIAM J. FOX, CHARLES W. JOHNSON. PHILADELPHIA: ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCEs, LOGAN SQUARE. 1900, Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Published monthly, excepting July and August, in charge of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00 IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20. Advertising Rates: 30 cents per square inch, single insertion ; a liberal discount on longer insertions. No advertisement taken for less than 60 cents—Cash in advance. je All remittances should be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences, 19th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Over six hundred species of American diurnals in duplicate for exchange. Butterflies named gratis. Dr. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. A. SMITH & SONS, 269 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. Other articles are being added, Sandor List. JOINTED FOLDING NET American Entomological Co. 1040 DE KALB AVE., BROOKLYN, N. Y. Lepidoptera Price List, No. 1, ef North American and Exotic Lepidoptera. ; Price 5 Cents—refunded to buyers. Postage of any Country Accepted. No Attention Paid to Postals. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES Manufacturers of the Original and Celebrated SCHMITT INSECT BOXES. BUILDERS OF CABINETS AND CASES FOR COLLECTIONS. Plans and Drawings on Application. When Writing Please Mention “ Entomological News,” Se ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS D ~ PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL. SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. Vou. XI. FEBRUARY, 1900. No. 2. CONTENTS: Dietz—Some New Genera and Species Snyder—Silver Lake, Utah............ 363 OUN, A. TIMGIN. eekines reves ACMIRPPRCEIUORIG!,..... 0 cGupereitan eg dauensads sce 369 Kincaid—Notes on the Species of Cra- Economic Entomology........+..-++++ 370 bro found inthe State of Wash.... 353 Entomological Literature............. 376 Fernald—Zoology as Taught at the Doings of Societies.......c.senscecsees 380 Mass. Agricultural College........ 395 Some New Genera and Species of N. A. Tineina. By W. G. Dietz, M.D. Believing that the genera and species here described are new to science, I offer the following as a small contribution to our knowledge of N. A. 7ineina : Eucordylea gen. n. fam. Gelechidze.—Labial palpi strongly developed, robust ; first joint porrect ; second erect, with a dense brush of stiff hair the entire length of its upper surface, cdpable of being extended in a line with the first joint, and a lateral, fanlike spreading out of the brush ; third joint shorter than the second, sharply pointed. Head about as wide as long, face perpendicular, smooth-scaled ; occiput somewhat rough scaled. Eyes prominent, round; tongue wanting; no maxillary palpi; antenne rather stout, simple, joints close set, scarcely more than two- thirds the length of the anterior wings. Thorax and abdomen moder- ately slender. Posterior tibize with long, appressed stiff hair along their upper margin; middle pair of spurs at two-fifths from the apex, inner spur more than twice the length of outer one. Anterior wings elongate, dull pointed, nearly five times as long as wide, margins nearly straight from near the base to the apical fifth, then equally narrower from both ‘Margins to the apex. Neuration : costal to margin before the middle, cell closed, pointed posteriorly, vein 7 and 8 stemmed, 7 tocosta. Hind wings rhomboidal, anterior and inner margins straight parallel, apex slightly 2 350 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ February, produced, posterior margin oblique, feebly bisinuate. A pencil of stiff hair arises between the insertion of the wing and the anal angle. Cilia twice the width of the wing. Neuration ; cell closed; vein 2 arises re- motely from hind angle of cell, veins 3-5 closely together from the latter. While alive and at rest, the extended palpi, with-its dense brush of stiff, bristly hair spread out laterally, give the in- sect a very peculiar, bearded appearance. ‘The statements as to the neuration given above are such as are discernable with- out denudation ; the single specimen in my possession does not warrant such proceedure. Careful examinations with high power fails to reveal the presence of a tongue. E. atrupictella n. sp. (Plate I, fig. 1, 1@).—Pale creamy yellow. Palpi; outer surface of first joint, a transverse line about the middle and a broader band at the apex of the second joint and both of which extend across the brush of bristly hair; an annulus at the middle and another at the apex, not including the extreme tip of the third joint, blackish. Antennz annulate with fuscous. Anterior wings with black- ish markings as follows: extreme costa, from base to one-fifth its length, an oblique fascia beginning at one-fifth from the costa and reaching the dorsal margin at one-third, less distinct at the latter, bisinuate externally and shading off gradually to the ground color at the base; a broad and less oblique fascia before the middle, narrowed toward and not attaining the dorsal margin; bisinuate toward the base; a third fascia, narrower than the last, at a little less than two-thirds the length, slightly oblique, becoming narrower toward the dorsal margin without attaining it ; this fascia is further removed from the base at its costal than at the dorsal extremity ; a long stripe in the middle of the wing extends from the second fascia through the third and a trifle beyond; five larger and several very small and indistinct spots around the apex. Underside of wing, corresponding to the dark markings of the upper surface, but more diffused, dark fuscous. Cilia at apex dusted with dark fuscous scales. Hind wings pale cinereous, cilia concolorous, pale stramineous toward their base. Anterior legs annulate and spotted with dark fus- cous; middle and posterior femora, with broad, irregular fuscous band before the apex, latter tipped with fuscous ; middle tibize fuscous exter- nally, posterior with a few scattered spots of fuscous scales, tarsi annul- ate with dark fuscous. Length of anterior wing 5.0 mm.,; exp. 12.0 mm.; 0.48 inches. Hab.—Hazjeton, Pa. A single 8 specimen taken August 4th, 1899. Nealyda gen. ». fam, Elachistida.—Head transverse, moderately con- vex ; face somewhat receding beneath ; ocelli present; tongue strong es ee ee ; ; Ps . y- 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 351 scaly at its base. Labial palpi of moderate length, curved, ascending rather remotely from the face, cylindrical, close scaled, apex not attain- ing the level of the antennal insertion, second joint somewhat thick- ened toward the apex, longer than the pointed, third joint. Maxillary palpi rudimentary. Eyes round, moderately convex, visible from the front. Antenne slender, scarcely three-fourths the length of anterior wings, basal point very little wider than the stalk, less than twice as long as wide, the latter finely denticulate beneath. Thorax robust, convex. Abdomen rather short, in the male with small anal tuft and lateral claspers. Posterior tibiz smooth, inner spur of middle pair twice the length of the outer and slightly thickened toward the apex. Anterior wings oblong lanceolate, costa evenly curved from the base. All veins present, cell narrow, nearly pointed posteriorly, closed, trans- verse vein very faint between veins 6 and the common stem of 7 and 8; costal attains costa at about two-fifths from the base, vein 2 arises closely to the short stem of 3 and 4, 5 approximates to 4; 7 and 8 long stemmed, 7 to costa; 7-11 attain the costal margin at approximately equal dis- tance. 16 distinctly furcate at base. Cilia less than width of wing, scale-dusted. Hind wings. three-fourths as wide as fore wings, outer margin deeply emarginate, causing the wing to become bifid; costal margin straight for two-fifths its length, thence feebly emarginate to the apex; dorsal margin straight from the distinct anal angle to the apex of lower apical cusp. Cilia nearly twice the width of the wing. Neura- tion: costal running close to the costa and nearly reaching the extreme apex, cell open between veins 4 and 5, closed between 5 and 7, by the margin of the emargination, 2 arises before the middle, 3 and 4 remote, 5 independently from near the base and forms the costal margin of the lower cusp ; the anterior median reaches the deepest part of the emargi- nation and forms the dorsal margin of the upper branch of the fork. 16 furcate at base. The characters thus represented are so anamalous as to find no counterpart anywhere among the 77mezd genera, as far as my knowledge goes, nor elsewhere among the Lepidoptera ex- cept the Pterophoridz, to which the genus under consideration, however, bears no relationship. Its rather robust body, gen- eral habitus and palpi would perhaps place it near Scythris Hb. ( Butalis 'Tr.). N. bifidella n. sp: (Plate I, fig. 2, 2a, 2b).—Palpi fuscous, annulus at end of second joint and extreme apex of third, white. Antenne pale brown. Head and thorax greyish, tinged with brown. Fore wings pale brown, tinged with golden ; a dark brown fascia at two-fifths, equidistant from the base at its costal and dorsal extremity, sharply defined exter- nally and edged by a line of silvery white ; toward the base it passes 352 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, gradually into the ground color of the wing ; extreme costa from base to fascia dark brown; a large costal patch of dark brown scales, beyond the middle, apical part and cilia densely dusted with nigro-fuscous scales, a subterminal line and extreme edge of latter, paler ; before the darkly- dusted apical part of the wing is an indistinct, curved line of silvery scales, concave toward the base. Hind wings pale cinerous, cilia con- colorous, pale stramineous toward the base. Abdomen pale fuscous. Anterior and middle legs dark fuscous, indistinctly spotted Avith pale, points of tarsi with a pale annulus; posterior legs paler. Length of fore wing 4.5 mm., 0.18 inch. Exp. 9.5 mm., 0.38 inch. FTab.—Glenwood, Colo., August and September. Varies somewhat in coloration of fore wings, ground color from a silvery grey to golden brown. In some specimens there is also a dorsal, less pronounced patch of brown scales, opposite the costal one. The pale line in apical part of wing is not evi- dent in some specimens. Pseudochelaria walsinghami n. sp. (Plate I, fig. 3a, 30).—Palpi ashen grey, long, recurved, brush of second joint grooved, third joint longer than the second, pointed; outer side of first joint and base of second dark fuscous, brush dusted with fuscous, third joint with broad annulus above the base, rest dusted with fuscous scales. Antennae slender, dark brown above, faintly annulate with pale grey, paler on the underside, finely denticulate toward the apex. Head grey ; thorax, ab- domen and anterior wings ashen grey, with feeble purplish reflections ; a dark brown triangular spot on the posterior end of the thorax. Anterior wings marked with a dark, rich brown, as follows: basal space limited externally by a sharply-defined oblique line, twice as far removed from the base at the dorsal than at the costal margin, but not including the latter and a narrow space of the adjacent surface ; a longitudinal stripe, beginning at two-fifths and extending through the middle of wing to the apex, rather sharply defined along its dorsal margin, but becoming more or less diffused with the dark shading in the costal half ; a whitish fascia at the beginning of the apical cilia, interrupted by the longitudinal stripe and passing gradually into the dark shading of the apical part of the wing ; the costal part of the fascia is concave toward the apex, the dorsal part straight, and passes obliquely backward to the dorsal margin ; apical part with dark lines radiating into thecilia, The median space is washed with brownish, having a slight golden reflection, becoming darker in the costal portion, and more so toward the apical fascia; in the dorsal half are two brown spots at two-fifths and three-fifths of wing respectively, the former surrounded by raised white scales, Cilia pale with two darker lines, basal line more distinct, Underside fuscous, Posterior wings pale fuscous, paler toward the base ; cilia pale fuscous around the apex, a faint darker line at two-thirds, and another, still less distinct, subterminal one. eee ae eee a eT ea eT ee Se a ee a 1900 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 353 Underside fuscous toward the apex. Underside of body and legs pale ochreous, last ventral segment more or less fuscous ; femora and tibize banded with fuscous, tarsi annulate with the same. Posterior tibize with stiff appressed hair on the upper side. Length of anterior wing 7.5 mm.; exp. 17.0 mm., 0.68 inch. f1ab.—Hazleton, Pa. Larva pale green, with isolated hairs, lives under a white web on the under side of the leaflets, and also along the petioles of Sumach ( Rhus typhosa), where it may be found from the latter part of August and during September. Pupa brown. The imago appears the latter part of May and early og of June the following year. It gives me pleasure to dedicate this species to Lord Walsing- ham, who established the above genus and the type of which (£. pennsylvanica W1sm. ) is in my coltection. ‘The latter species differs from the above-described one in the wing markings, as may readily be seen by a comparison of the figures. It was taken at electric light. Larva not known. Plate I, fig. 4. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Fig. 1.—Anterior and posterior wing of Lucordylea atripictella. 1a, lateral view of head and labial palpus of same. Fig. 2.—Anterior and posterior wing of Nealyda bifide/la. 2a, neura- tion of anterior wing ; 26, neuration of posterior wing of same. Fig. 3.—Pseudochelaria walsinghami. 3a, neuration of anterior wing ; 36, neuration of posterior wing of same. Fig. 4.—Anterior wing of Pseudochelaria pennsylvanica W\sm. Notes on the Species of Crabro Found in the State of Washington. By TREVOR KINCAID, University of Washington. Thanks to the excellent monograph of the Crabroninz, pub- lished by Mr. William J. Fox, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, it is possible for the American stu- dent of this group to readily determine such forms as he may discover. During the last few years the writer has procured a consider- able number of representatives of the genus Cvaéro from vari- ous parts of the State of Washington, and desires to place on 354 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [February, record such notes and data as may seem of interest to hymenop- terists. Mr. Fox, in his monograph, indicates twenty species of Crabro as occurring within the limits of this State. The fol- lowing list includes twenty-eight species, the additional number being due to the extension of the range of six Species to this region, and two species are described as new. _ In their flower-visiting habits the members of the genus Crabro seem to have a preference for the blossoms of the Umbelliferee. Most of the specimens recorded from Olympia: were taken upon the flowers of an umbelliferous plant growing in an open meadow along the Deschutes River. At Seattle a number of specimens were taken during the Summer upon the flowers of cultivated parsnips, and in the Fall upon those of Carum gairdneri and Angelica genuflexa. A few specimens occurred at plants of other families, such as Anxaphalis mar- garitacea, Achillea millefolium, etc. A series taken at Corval- lis, Oregon, were, with few exceptions, found upon the flowers of Heracleum lanatum. | The localities mentioned in the following notes are all within the Puget Sound basin, except Pasco, Wawawai, Almota and the Blue Mountains, which are in Eastern Washington. Hence the former are in the Transition zone, while the latter are in the Upper Austral zone, as indicated by Dr. Merriam in his paper on the faunal areas of the United States. In the preparation of this paper the writer wishes to ac- knowledge the assistance of Mr. Fox in determining some of the more difficult species. Crabro producticollis Pack. Ranges to New York and Texas. Olympia, Wash., 3 9 9 June 23-26, 1897. Seattle, Wash., 1g at flowers of parsnip, June 10, 1897; 1 @ collection of Professor O. B. Johnson. Whidby Island, Wash., 3 ¢ ¢ and 3 2 2, collected by Mr. N. L, Gardner. Crabro bellus Cress. Ranges to Colorado, Nevada and Oregon, Olympia, Wash., 1 29 June 3, 1895, 1 ¢ June 25, 1897. Cor- vallis, Oregon, 1 & on Heracleum lanatum, June 5, 1808. 1900] " _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 355 Crabro montanus Cress. Ranges to New York. Olympia, Wash., 25 2? 2? and 24 ¢¢ June 5 to July 4, 1895-97, on Umbelliferee. Seattle, Wash., 17 ¢¢, May 15 to June 15, 1897-98; 2°92 @ July 8, 1898, on Achillea; 1 Q June 10, 1897, on parsnip; 5 2 2 August 20, 1898, on Carum gatrdneri; 3 92 August 25, 1898, on Angelica genuflexa. Whidby Island, Wash., 3 ¢ ¢ collected by Mr. N. L. Gard- ner. Chehalis, Wash., 1 9 June, 1897, collected by Mr. W. R. Coffman. Crabro parvulus Pack. Ranges to New Hampshire and Oregon. Olympia, Wash., 1 9 September 3, 1894; 3 ¢ ¢ June 28 to July 3, 1897. Seattle, Wash., 6 9 9 May 21 to July 9, 1897-98 ; 1 % July 8, 1898, on Achillea, 1 9 andi ¢ August 20, 1898, on Carum gatirdnert. Crabro gracilissimus Pack. Recorded from Dakota and California. Olympia, Wash., 46 ¢ $ May 13 to July 2, 1894-97; 10 2 9 June 12 to October 3, 1894-96. Seattle, Wash., 3 ¢ ¢ June 10, 1897, on parsnip, 1 ¢ May 18, 1897; 3 9 9 and 3 ¢ ¢ Aug. 20 to 22, 1898, on Carum gairdnert. Whidby Island, ‘Wash., $ collected by Mr. N. L. Gardner; 2 ¢ ¢ andi @ August 6, 1898. Blue Mountains, Wash., 1 ¢ July 15, 1896, collected by Prof. C. V. Piper. Cornvallis, Oregon, 1 9 June 12, 1898, on Fleracleum lanatum. Crabro nigrifrons Cress. Ranges to New York, Nevada, California. Olympia, Wash., 5 ¢ ¢ June 13 to June 24, 1894-96; I 9 June 29, 1896. Seattle, Wash., 29 2, June 9g, 1897. Whidby Island, Wash., 1 ¢ collected by Mr. N. L. Gardner, July 30, 1898. Crabro sexmaculatus Say. Ranges to Delaware and California. Olympia, Wash., 102 9, June 5 to Jiine 26, 1895-96 ; 23 S ¢, June 4 to June 26, 1895-6. Seattle, Wash, 3 $ ¢, June 10 to July 1, 1898, on parsnip; 12 August 24, ’99, on Anaphalis. 356 . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ February, Whidby Island, Wash., 1? and 1 é, collected by Mr. N. L. Gardner. Chehalis, Wash.,.3 2 9 and3¢ ¢ collected by Mr. W. R. Coffman. Portland, Oregon, 1 9 collected by Miss Emily Cauthorn. Corvallis, Oregon, 27 9 ° and 44 % $ June4toJune 22, 1898, on Heracleum lanatum. Crabro foxii n. sp. ep 3’—Antenne with the fourth joint emarginate beneath, first joint but little longer than the second; head with distinct punctures, closest an- teriorly ; space between hind ocelli slightly less than that between them and the nearest eye margin; pronotum crested, lateral tooth small but distinct ; dorsulum rather coarsely striato-punctate ; mesopleurz coarsely striato-punctate ; middle segment above striato-rugose, separated from the posterior face by a series of large fovez ; posterior face transversely and less strongly rugose than the upper face, bounded outwardly by a foveolated furrow ; longitudinal furrow broad and deep, divided into foveze above; sides coarsely striated ; abdomen finely punctured ; first joint of medial tarsi scarcely as long as the two following joints com- bined, first and second joints moderately produced within. Black; two spots on pronotum, spots on metanotum, spot at tips of fore and medial . femora, all tibize outwardly, basal joints of tarsi to a variable extent, an elongated spot on each side of dorsal abdominal segment 2-6, yellow ; the spots on segment 2 largest, those on 6 small and almost forming a band ; wings subhyaline, nervures and stigma black. Length 7.0 mm. Olympia, Wash., 2% 8, June 17, 1897; 13 June 26, 1896. This species belongs to Mr. Fox’s group sexmaculatus, and is closely allied to C. trifasciatus Say, from which it differs prin- cipally in the length of the first joint of medial tarsus. In C. trifasciatus this joint is as long as the three following joints | combined, whereas in C. /ox7/ it is scarcely as long as the two - succeeding joints, and is dilated somewhat, beyond middle. Named in honor of Mr. William J. Fox, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Crabro spiniferus lox. Ranges to California, Nevada and Arizona. Pasco, Wash., 13 May 25, 1896. Corvallis, Oregon, 16% % June 2 to June 23, 1898; 22 2 June 22 and 23, 1898. Crabro packardi Cress. Ranges to Nevada and Oregon. Seattle, Wash., 12, collection of Prof. O. B. Johnson, me See Ss oe le SURE PR ae Se ee eT . . 1900 } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 357 Crabro chrysarginus St. F. & B. Ranges to Canada and Florida. Olympia, Wash., 1 June 4, 1896. Seattle, Wash., 1% at Angelica genuflexa, August 20, 1898; 1% at Carum gairdneri, August 23, 1898. Crabro dilectus Cress. Ranges to Montana and California. Almota, Wash., 1% Prof. C. V. Piper; Pasco, Wash., 1 ¢ ; Wawai, Wash., 19, collection of Prof. O. B. Johnson. Crabro singularis Sm. Ranges to Maine and Louisiana. Olympia, Wash., 2? 9 October 3, 1894. Whidby Island, Wash., 2% 8, collected by Mr. H. L. Gardner. Crabro pleuralis Fox. Vancouver, Wash.; Seattle, Wash., collection of Prof. O. B. Johnson. Crabro argus Pack. Ranges to New York. Olympia, Wash., 53% 8 June 10 to July 3, 1896-97-98. Seattle, Wash., 11% 8 July 26, 1898. ‘This species always “occurs hovering about the branches of the alder A/nus rubra. Crabro medius Fox. Ranges to Nevada. Whidby Island, Wash., 18 , collected by Mr. N. L. Gardner. Crabro latipes Sm. Ranges to Nova Scotia, Montana, California and Arizona. Olympia, Wash., 2% & June 2, 1894. Chehalis, Wash., 1% May 25, 1898, collected by Mr. W. R. Coffman. Pasco, Wash., 1$ May 25, 1896. Whidby Island, Wash., 1 June 30, 1898, collected by Mr. Eldred Jenne. Crabro vicinus Cress. Ranges to Colorado, Arizona and California. Olympia, Wash., 19 June 13, 1893. Seattle, Wash., 12, collection of Prof. O. B. Johnson. “Corvallis, Oregon, 39 9 June 3 to June 16, 1898, on Heracleum lanatum. Newport, Oregon, 1Q June 10, 1898. / 358 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ February, Crabro cingulatus Pack. Ranges to Texas and Illinois. Olympia, Wash., 52 2 June 14 to July 1, 1896, flying about clumps of Lysichiton kamtschatense. 'These represent a variety, lacking the scutellar spots. Crabro advenus Sm. Recorded from Washington by Mr. Fox. Crabro confertus Fox. Ranges to Colorado. , Olympia, Wash., 19 June 14, 1895. Corvallis, Oregon, 106 & June 10 to June 23, 1898. Crabro pinguis Fox. Recorded from Washington by Mr. Fox. Grabro maculiclypeus Fox var. Ranges to Colorado, Utah, New Jersey. Olympia, Wash., 1% June 23, 1897. Seattle, Wash., 1? June 10, 1897. Crabro scutellatus Say, var. (?) Ranges to Pennsylvania and Colorado. Seattle, Wash., 19 July 5, 1898. Crabro angelicus n. sp. @—Anterior margin of clypeus dentate laterally and with a median truncated projection; head finely and distinctly punctured ; impressed lines from frontal depression to fore ocellus and from lateral ocelli to eyes, distinct ; first joint of flagellum one-fourth longer than the second ; ocelli in an equilaterial triangle ; space between hind ocelli much less than between them and nearest eye margin; pronotum with a rounded crest, subangular laterally ; dorsulum finely punctured, mesopleurz less distinctiy so, the episternal suture curved ; middle segment with the en- closed area of the upper face bounded posteriorly by a semi-circular line of fovez divided by the longitudinal finely foveolated furrow into two shining prominences, between which at the base there is a triangular striated area; posterior face finely roughened, lateral ridges distinct below, becoming obsolete above; sides shining; abdomen as long as head and thorax combined, shining, microscopically punctured, the last dorsal segment more strongly so ; pygidium broad, flat, distinctly punc- tured. Black; large spots on each side of clypeus, line outwardly on scape, small spots on pronotum, tubercles, line on metanotum, fore and 1900 ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 359 medial tibize outwardly, base of hind tibia, fore and medial tarsi, white ; spot at tip of fore femora, lateral spots on fore tibize, reddish ; wings sub- hyaline ; nervures and stigma brown. Length 6.5. mm. Seattle, Wash., July 16, 1898, 29 9 taken at flowers of Angelica genuflexa.. ‘This species belongs in Mr. Fox’s group minimus, and is closely allied to C. scetellatus. Crabro tarsalis Fox. Recorded from New York by Mr. Fox. Seattle, Wash., 13 July 26, 1898. Crabro ater Cress. Olympia, Wash., 3 ¢ ¢ June 20, 1897, June 27, 1898; 1? June 27, 1897. Crabro pedicellatus Pack. Ranges to New York and Michigan. Olympia, Wash., 2% 8 June 23, 1897. Zoology as Taught at the Massachusetts Agricultural College, with Reference to Entomology. By Prof. C. H. FERNALD, Ph. D. Phystology.—This course is offered to the sophomore class during the Winter term, and extends throughout the entire eleven weeks, four hours a week. It is taught by means of a » text-book, Martin’s ‘‘ The Human Body ’’ (advanced course), supplemented by lectures and demonstrations on the skeleton and models. ‘The aim is to give, as thoroughly as may be, a knowledge of the anatomy of the human system, the physi- ology of its various parts, a general idea of hygiene, and to urge upon the student the practice of its teaching. The course presupposes an elementary knowledge of the subject, so that the result, aside from its own worth, forms a valuable aid to the study of zoology which follows. Zoolog y.—Zoology is a required subject, junior year, and may be divided into three parts—a laboratory course in comparative anatomy, a lecture course in general zoology, and a course in elementary entomology. During the fall term eight hours a week, for sixteen weeks, are spent mainly in the laboratory, where a series of typical forms, ranging from the amoeba and 360 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {February, other microscopic animals, through the earthworm, clam, squid, lobster, star-fish, sea-urchin, shark, frog and pigeon to the cat, are dissected, studied and drawn. Previous to the dissection of any form a short lecture is given, which, supplemented by a full list of laboratory guides and text-books, gives the student a sufficient knowledge to enable him intelligently to study the creature before him. Each man provides himself with a set of dissecting instruments and note books, but all other apparatus and books are owned by the laboratory. During the Winter term a series of thirty lectures is given, covering the entire subject of zoology, except that portion having reference to the insects, which, because of their importance, are treated as a separate science.- The aim here is to supplement and render orderly the knowledge already gained through the medium of the microscope and scalpel, and the lectures are abundantly illustrated by the very complete museum belonging to the de- partment and containing over twelve thousand specimens. Collateral reading is encouraged, and occasional quizzes are given as a test of the student’s knowledge from all sources. Entomology.—A course of six hours a week is offered in entomology, during the Summer term, its aim being to give a general knowledge of insect anatomy and physiology and a systematic review of the entire group, taking as types, as far as possible, those forms of economic interest to man, and at the same time giving an idea of the life history of each species so taken, and the means of combating it. A knowledge of in- _ secticides and insecticide machinery and their use is given. An interesting feature of the course is the collection which each student makes and arranges of the more common species which may be fotind on the college grounds and the nearby region. A very full museum collection serves as an aid to identification and arrangement. Senior Entomology.—During the senior year such members of this class as elect advanced entomology take a course of lec- tures on the external and internal anatomy of insects and on the various methods by which injurious forms are destroyed or held in check. The laboratory work consists of a critical study AONE CF ee eae, Fees 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 361 of the external and internal anatomy of members of the differ- ent groups, followed by the determination of insects of each group. In connection with this work a careful study of the literature is made, and familiarity with the analytical keys and the more important articles on injurious species is obtained. During the Spring term much of the time is spent in the field, where the student is taught how to look for and find injuries caused by insects, to recognize the species by the nature of these injuries, and how best to deal with each case, either by the use of insecticides or other methods. Finally each student is required to prepare a thesis on some insect or group of insects pertaining to the business in which he intends to engage. He is asked at the beginning of the year what occupation he intends-to follow after graduation, and is then advised to prepare his thesis on those insects with which he will have most to deal in the business he has selected. In the prepa- ration of this thesis the work is carried on in the most approved methods, so that he may obtain the most scientific and at the same time practical knowledge of the subject. In fact he is taught such methods of investigation that, if new insect pests appear on his crops, he will know how to proroperly investigate them and discover the best and cheapest methods for their de- struction. If this thesis, when completed, contains information of public interest, whether of an economic character or other- wise, it is published, with whatever illustrations are necessary. This course is primarily for the student of agriculture or horticulture, but, when taken in connection with botany and chemistry, is especially adapted to one wishing to fit himself as a teacher of science in our pubile schools, or to one intending to study medicine, but in this case his laboratory work would be devoted mainly to histology. Graduate Entomology.—This department is now prepared for and is receiving graduates, from this and other colleges, who wish to continue the study of entomology beyond what they were able in their undergraduate course. ‘These advanced studies will fit them for positions in the experiment stations or as State entomologists, and also give them most excellent training as teachers in our high schools and colleges. 362 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ February, A three years’ course leading to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is in active operation, three subjects—Botany, Chemistry and Entomology, arranged as a major and two minors—being required. In those cases where entomology is chosen as the major subject the course consists of lectures and laboratory work, some of the topics treated being the fol- lowing : Be Morphology and Development of Insects—Embryology. 'Trans- formations. Histology. Phylogeny. Hermaphroditism. Hy- brids. Parthenogenesis. Pzedogenesis. Colors; chemistry of insect colors. Mimicry. Warning coloration. Luminosity. Deformities of insects. Insect variation. Duration of life. Geology of Insects.—Vjfe histories of insects. Instincts of insects. Insect architecture. Dimorphisms. Polymorphisms. Fertilization of plants through the agency of insects. Insect products of value to man. Insects as disseminators of disease. — Enemies of insects; vegetable and animal, including parasit- ism. Geographical distribution in the different faunal regions. Methods of distribution. Insect migrations. Geological history of insects. Economic Entomology.—Principles. Insecticides. Apparatus. Special cases (borers, etc.). Photography of insects and their work. Methods of drawing for illustrations. Field work on insects. Insect legislation. | Systematic Entomology.—History of entomology, including the classification of various authors and the principles of classi- fication. Laws governing nomenclature. Literature ; how to find and use it. Indexing literature. Number of insects in collections and in existence (estimated). Lives of prominent entomologists. Methods of collecting, preparing, preserving and shipping insects. Important collection of insects of the world. In connection with these topics corresponding laboratory work is given so far as possible, and in addition investigations on subjects not previously studied are made, and the results published in the form of graduate theses. Ma. =. 2. gene * 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 363 SILVER LAKE, UTAH. By A. J. SNYDER. And after the Fourth was over, especially that part of it de- scribed by the Doctor in December NEws; when we had emerged from the mouth of the canon, removed the dust col- lected during a day’s journey of not less than eighteen miles, during which even the Doctor had shown marvelous ability to ‘get over sage brush,’’ and our friend Laurent had absolutely refused to travel farther for either flies or beetles ; when Mrs. Browning had again provided refreshment for the hungry ‘‘bug-hunters,’’ and the captures of the day had been dis- cussed and recorded, we walked twelve of those long Salt Lake City blocks to call upon the owners of a cottage at Silver Lake and gain permission to camp on their premises and use the cot- tage during our stay in the mountains. One other incident, however, inasmuch as it affords another illustration of the depravity of man, and is connected with City Creek Canon, must be related by the subject of the plot, who considers himself better able to relate the facts than the per- petrator of thedeed. Papilios were abundant, and about every moist spot in the road they were collected in great numbers. Papilios, as everyone knows, may be decoyed by placing some of their kind in conspicuous places, where their brilliantly- colored wings will attract all passers. One of the party, let ~ his name be-.anon, saw numerous fine butterflies about a small moist spot in the road, and, stealthily creeping upon them, slowly lowered his net for a stroke, but pausing to select only the perfect ones for capture, perceived that all were second- class specimens. At the same instant he decided not to make a stroke, for, beneath a convenient bush, he heard a suppressed chuckle, and at a glance saw the Doctor, in imminent danger of bursting his sides with laughter because his friend had at- tempted a still hunt and had almost made a ‘‘ pot-shot’’ at his decoys. : Silver Lake, Utah, is a small Summer resort back in the mountains, thirty-three miles from Salt Lake City, and at the head of Big Cottonwood Canon. In the Winter this little 354 ' ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, valley is literally filled with snow, and during the early part of July some of the lakes above Brighton’s, as the only hotel. is called, have ice upon their surfaces. All through the Sum- mer, suow may be seen upon the high mountains surrounding Silver Lake, and up to the middle of July the snow banks cling tothe margin of Twin Lakes and Mary’s Lake, while the ice water from the surrounding snow constaritly cools the waters of several lakes which are well stocked with speckled beauties. These are large enough to allure even the most ardent chaser of butterflies and cause him to drop a fly or worm into the clear depths, where the artful dodgers are plainly visible, and where they are likely to remain, spurning, at that season of the year, the most tempting bait. Eight or more miles from the city the stage road enters the foot-hills, and the rest of the journey to Silver Lake is up hill. Most of the distance the road is close beside the foaming cur- rent known as the Big Cottonwood. About half way up a pause is made for lunch and to change horses at the Half Way House. ‘The driver turns into a small yard and stops before a house. We alight and find that we are in asmall glen enclosed on all sides by rocks which rise almost perpendicularly hun- dreds of feet. On the right still rushes our mountain stream and ahead there seems no opening wide enough for a wagon road, but it is there, and winds upward, now on this side, then on that, of the stream, but ever onward, with eae api: and constantly more beautiful scenery. Parnassius clodius flits through the glen white: we rest and lights upon a dwarf flower ; Pieris pallida hovers about the small irrigation ditch ; Pamphila comma lights upon a leaf in the sunshine ; 7hecla californica is found in its usual resting place, upon the leaves of the choke cherry, and on the same plant are found the larvee and eggs of Papilio rutulus ; Papilio daunus sails haughtily by and Pyrame?s carve haunts the bunch of nettles by the water. AZelit@a acastus flits about the door yard and the omnipresent Vanessa antiopa darts at the intruder from his resting place on aconvenient tree. A fresh Argynnis /eto hesitates beside a thistle blossom, but seems to realize that a bounty is placed upon its scalp (the Doctor is constantly re- Se Se eee 1900 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 365 minding us of the scalp-locks and insists that nature always places such locks upon the thoraxes of butterflies, especially of the Pamphilas) and A. leto disappears down the canon. As we rest and notice the butterfly visitors to the glen we also see the mountain tops in the distance and think of the treasures we have found in similar localities, until our Jehu cracks his whip, and once more we journey upward. ‘The first time we cross the stream we see many Papilios, and among them several Papilio indra. ‘To our great sorrow we cannot take time to pursue, for we are going into a strange camp, and hope to arrive before dark. A fourth member had joined the party that morning, Mr. J. B. Short, of Salt Lake City, a gentleman whose locks had been silvered by the icy fingers of time, and who carries the scars and a bullet received in fighting for his country ; a gentleman who, no matter how many years may have passed over his head, will always love life in the open air, and will always be the same » generous, hospitable, open-hearted host, whom we learned to know and appreciate during the days spent at Silver Lake. It was largely due to his courtesy and to the hospitality of Mrs. Short and their family that our stay here was so pleasant and profitable. mae A tent, with comfortable cots for the night ; a cottage, with food, stove and the necessary cooking utensils; what more could anyone want than sunshine and time to study the nu- merous insects, plants and animals? Everywhere on the moun- tain sides and tops butterflies were abundant when the sun shone. ‘The stream before our cottage and the lakes about us were well stocked with trout ; the rocks on the mountains shel- tered numerous marmots, gophers and conies ; a pair of eagles dwelt on the peak back of camp, and when waiting for meals, or when the sun failed to shine, innumerable beetles beneath the rocks and pieces of bark longed for our attention. ‘The white-crowned sparrow picked up the crumbs about our door and a woodpecker fed its noisy young within a stone’s throw of our tents. Mt. Millicent rose before us, Mt. Majestic at our backs, Mt. Scott towered.on the right, and from our little val- ley numerous paths led to ideal places of collecting. 2* 366 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, A somewhat lengthy introduction, dear readers, I know; but the writer believes that in the hearts of many others is the same love of the beautiful, appreciation of natural and grand scenery, and sympathy with all children of nature, which make these outings so delightful to him, and he would share the in- spiration which he receives from his brief visits to and studies in the Rockies. Sof Come, join the party of three, as, on Monday morning, with all the essentials for collecting and preserving insects, they begin the day’s work. It is useless to begin collecting butterflies be- fore nine o’clock in the morning, for you will find none moving. From ten to two is the best time, and every moment included in those hours should be improved. If a cloud covers the sun. the collector may as well seek a sheltered place and rest, for every butterfly will have disappeared. This morning the sun shines, and as our path up the mountain leads into more open territory we see butterflies flitting here and — there. There goes a beautiful Anthocharis julia. Its captor must be both quick and sure. Here and there an Ludamus nevada rests in an open spot on the bare ground. A careful stroke, and a quick one, if you would catch /. xevada. A few Lycenas are resting on the white flowers, and as the brow of the first mountain is approached we find a large patch of AZertensta ; and noiselessly traveling from flower to flower is a ‘‘ buzzless bee,’’ as we early nicknamed f/Hemaris brucei. ‘This species is usually rare in the parts of Utah I have visited, but a few days later we found it abundant about the blue and yellow flowers on this mountain side, and learned that the way to capture it was to wait, as it came up the mountain, and then be sure to capture the specimen at the first stroke, Among the rocks near the top we found the wily Chionobas chryxus abundant, and after capturing enough to learn how it is done, and to gain some skill in detecting these wonderfu] insect mimics, as they rested with closely-folded wings upon the rocks, we turned our attention to other species. Thecla sheridani was abundant on this mountain side, and associated with it was 7hecla affinis. Not a single sheridani was found during either of my previous trips, but here their 1900 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 367 green undersides were beautifully blended with the vegetation upon which they usually rested, and they were at home. Even when resting on the small white flowers of which they were very fond they were not easily seen. On the wing no eye could follow them, but fortunately for the collectors they had a habit of al- ways returning to some spot near the one from which they were frightened, and then were easily captured. Argynnids were scarce and hard to capture, but a few meadiz, snyvdert, platina and chitone were taken near the peaks or at the tops of mountain ridges. On the highest point of each moun- tain, resting on the rocks, were always found a few specimens whose sole duty seemed to be to chase others away. Here one usually found Pyr amets cardui, Pieris occidentalis, a Pamphila or two, several Chionobas chryxus, an Eudamus, and perhaps an Argynnis or a Melitea. Most of these specimens were not worth capture, but their actions were interesting. Each new- comer was sure to be attacked, regardless of size or color, It was enough that he should move while others rested. There would be a flash and a buzz, and the two specimens, darting back and forth at each other, would gradually rise in the air until they disappeared in the distance. Ina moment one would return and light in its former place as though nothing had hap- pened, but be just as ready to attack the next arrival. At the edges of the snowbanks we usually found We/apor- phyria ononis and belladonna. These are but a few of the species taken any day on the mountains. One is always being surprised in the Rockies. Perhaps he takes a friend to a place where he found a rare species abundant a previous year, all the conditions are favor- able, but not a specimen is to be found. Why? I don’t know. Some species are in their homes abundant, but only found in small areas. One year a species fairly swarms and then is not seen for years. Then, again, when one has found a species at a certain place and time he may be able to find it at the same place and time every year. All these peculiarities of insect life are like the physicians swre remedy for disease. ‘*Sometimes it cured and sometimes it didn’t.’’ After col- lecting to the top of the first mountain one usually finds a 368 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, ridge or ‘‘ hog-back’’ leading to the next peak, and so it is easy to goon and on until the day is spent, and then there is the long journey home. The comparing of specimens at the end of the day’s trip is one of the many pleasures, and identifying species in the field is another. A certain savant, once upon a time, offered fifty cents for each specimen that he could not identify in the field. When he arrived home after the trip he wrote to a friend: ‘Field identification is worth almost nothing.’’ In’ the last statement he was certainly correct. After a few days amid such scenes as here described two of | the party found it necessary to turn their steps homeward. As the stage started down the thirty-three mile trail one morning two of the party were aboard, and the writer bade them a sor- rowful adieu as he turned his lonesome footsteps toward Scott’s Peak, of which and other scenes, both old and new, more anon. s * THE paragraph relating to my report of captures, published on page 348 of the January number of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, just received, should read Cafoca/a badia instead of Oedemasia badia. I reported also, at the same meeting, the capture of a number of larvze of Oedemasia con- cinna,on the same food plant, viz., bayberry, in October; hence, possi- bly, the slight confusion of names. ‘These larvz, at the end of October, spun cocoons very similar in texture and appearance to that of Ayyper- chiria io, but almost transparent. I have twenty-one of these cocoons, and the larve can still be distinguished, lying dormant, and apparently awaiting the arrival of spring before pupating.—S. T. Kemp, Elizabeth, N. J. In the News for June, 1899, page 189, among the Doings of Societies, is a short account of Fera/ia jocosa, setting forth some of its habits, which do not agree with what we have observed here. We take this species every year by beating from willow flowers, and during the evenings of May 8th and gth, 1898, we took eight or ten specimens by shaking from small plum and cherry trees which were in full bloom, it being an unusu- ally early spring. We also take them quite often flying in the evening. We do a good deal of collecting by taking a lantern and net, and walking slowly along the numerous wood roads near here, and netting everything, as far as possible, that comes within reach. In this way we get many good things, and jocosa as often as any other equally rare species, It eems to have a short season—only about fifteen days between our ear- liest and latest dates. —Cuartes F. Goopunur, Webster, N. H. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘copy ’’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb. PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1900. Our former printer made a blunder in regard to the January News, in placing on the title-page Vol. X, No. 11, instead of Vol. XI, No. 1. The copies had all been mailed to sub- scribers, and we feared double references if we reprinted the number and started the pagination with page 1. We have decided to put a reprint of the first leaf of the January num- ber in this number, and continue the same paging through this volume (Vol. XI). WE have already spoken of what might be termed peripa- tetic entomology, or walking — nowadays riding—over the country in search of types, with a view of getting correct names by comparison of specimens. ‘There have been so many per- sons afflicted with the mzhz itch who have described slight geographical variations as species that it becomes necessary to see the identical specimens from which their descriptions were made. If entomologists would only wait until proper series of specimens were at hand, or until they become sufficiently versed to know the meaning of variations-—-whether specific or the contrary—much of this trouble could be avoided. Lately we have had a number of gentlemen visit us on the errand of type-seeing, and we have wondered whether the time would come when entomologists would only describe species that are specific enough in character to enable an identification to be made without a railroad ticket in one’s pocket. Probably. there will always be persons who will describe these geographi- cal forms ; and so long as this is done, peripatetic entomology will be necessary, as every hundred miles changes the facies of a species, and evolution makes any description or identification _ impossible unless one’s specimens came from the very fence- corner where the types were found. It is true that individuals in the human species are given names, and also cats and dogs ; but, unfortunately, the individuals in insects are so numerous that their identification—to us, at least—seems impossible. 369 370 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, DEPARTMENT OF EGONOMIG ENTOMOLOGY. Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc.D., New Brunswick, N. J. Papers for this department are solicited. They should be sent to the editor, Prof. John B. Smith, Sc.D., New Brunswick, N. J. 4 The Association of Econcmic Entemologists.— Bulletin No. 20, new se- ries, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, contains the proceedings of the 11th annual meeting of this body, at Columbus, Ohio, August 18 and 19, 1899. It is a pamphlet of 112 pages, most of them well worth reading, and some of them worthy of careful study. By all odds the most comprehensive and valuable paper is the presi- dential address by C. L. Marlatt, entitled ‘‘ The Laisser-Faire Philosophy Applied to the Insect Problem.’’ I do not often quarrel with a title, but I consider this a somewhat unfortunate one, since, from the start, it tends to lead to a misunderstanding of the address. Mr. Marlatt considers the subject from much broader, more philosophic grounds than has been done before, and shows conclusively that against certain za/ural movements we are powerless, whether we enact State or national laws. His example is the San José or pernicious scale, and, after rehearsing something of the efforts made to stem the tide of this insect’s spread, he asks: ‘‘ Does anyone think for a moment, and at all seriously, that the San José Scale is to be exterminated, and that its dissemination is to be prevented, whatever may be the legislation, and whatever quar- antine steps may be adopted or exterminative measures put in operation ?”’ No one who has had any real experience in field work, and has ever lifted himself above the narrow little horizon bounded by spraying ma- chines, dusters, poisons or fumigating outfits, and has viewed the pro- cesses before him with any real understauding, can fail to agree with Mr. Marlatt’s conclusions. The processes of nature are slow, but they are as inevitable and irresistible as our ‘‘ /aws’’ are futile in opposition. Mr. Marlatt explains why insects introduced into a new environment are often so much more injurious than natives, or than the strangers them- selves were in their native home, and he points out that all these are mere local conditions that have little effect upon the balance of nature in the long run. ; Now here is a chance for a misunderstanding and for the suggestion that the economic entomologist is a useless incumbrance, for if matters even themselves up in the long run they might as well be left to them- selves altogether. But Mr. Marlatt’s essay does not authorize this view. While we cannot stop the natural spread of the pernicious scale, now that it has secured a foothold, there is no reason why we should not prevent 1900} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 371 its artificial spread by means of nursery stock as much as possible, or why we should not kill it off on our fruit trees, at intervals, to prevent any serious damage to the crops. We can palliate, or we can often avoid injury by dodging, and the entomologist has an overly-great field to cover in this direction. ; Personally, Iam glad Mr. Marlatt has spoken, and as definitely as he did. It is an indication that the San José scale scare is about over, and that we can now estimate it at a little nearer its true value. We have had conventions, have had lurid speeches and papers, have had State laws galore and attempts at national legislation as well. The result is that we have our nursery stock shut out of all foreign countries, and have annoying and expensive restrictions upon our fruit trade in some others. The scale has, meanwhile, marched on unconcernedly ; more fruit is raised now than ever before ; the farmers, where it has been established longest, have lost their dread of it; and how much of all the good is to be credited to the laws and to the great outcry ? Mr. Marlatt’s point of view is, it seems to me, the completely correct one. Dr. Howard presented the results of experiments made by the Rus- sian, Prof. I. Porchinski, who finds that the Tabanids may be greatly reduced in number by covering pools which they frequent with a film of kerosene. An interesting and perhaps generally unknown fact is that -‘Tabanids are so much addicted to drink ! One of the new fields into which applied entomology has recently en- tered is brought to our attention by Dr. Howard’s intensely interesting account of the present status of the Caprifig experiments in California. It marks another step forward in the really scientific consideration of the relation of insects and plants to each other, and that two such papers as those by Marlatt and Howard should have been presented at one meeting shows that the Division of Entomology at least, in Washington, has risen above the dull routine of ascertaining the actual percentage of scales killed by any particular application, and its influence for good will increase in proportion to the encouragement which is given to the broad study of the problem, Mr. Marlatt has pointed out, not origin- ally, indeed, but pertinently, that there is such a thing as a balance of nature, and, as all our interference, by introducing plants and insects into new localities, tends to unsettle this balance to our disadvantage, our studies should be directed toward restoring, so far as in us lies, this condition of equilibrium. And, by the by, referring to the matter of judging an insecticide by the percentage of the specimens killed, this has always had an absurd side to it, from my point of view. If I apply a material, like tobacco for instance, and, after a day or two, find that it has killed ninety per cent. of the plant lice, this does not prove that it is the fault of the tobacco that the others were not killed, but simply that the insecticide did not reach 372 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ February, those that escaped. I know that crude petroleum will kill pernicious scales whenever it is brought into direct contact with them, and if, a month after a tree has_been sprayed, I find ten per cent. of living examples, it does not occur to me to blame the oil, but the man who ‘put it on. Lest it be not sufficiently considered, Messrs. Howard and Marlatt present another communication on the pernicious scale, this time re- viewing the evidence as to its original home. The conclusion is that really we do not know anything at all about it, and this expresses my own opinion exactly. Dr. E. P. Felt gave an account of his endeavor to establish a voluntary entomological service in New York, and, under some circumstances and in some directions, such a service will undoubtedly prove useful. Mr. W. G. Johnson described the Emory fumigator, devised for apply- ing the hydrocyanic acid gas to orchard trees, and it seems clear that on the smaller trees an apparatus such as that described can be very suc- cessfully used. ; The value of such work is undoubted, but I sometimes wonder if it is really entomological. Has not the entomologist done all that pertains to his office when he has studied the life history of a species, has discovered and pointed out the weak point where it is most subject to attack, and has indicated the killing agents that should be used? The practical application of his suggestions really does not belong to his office at all. I am aware that this limitation of our work is not practical, but personally I never go into that branch more than is absolutely necessary. Mr. F. M. Webster spoke on ‘‘ Insectary and Office Methods,’’ and the seeming necessity for such machinery as he describes reconciles me to my lack of both insectary and assistants. There is, incidentally, the other advantage, that no one can ever charge that your assistants really did all your work. Mr. A. H. Kirkland presented arsenate of lead as ‘‘ A Probable Remedy for the Cranberry Fire-worm,”’ and I have little doubt it will prove effective, as will any other of the arsenites if applied properly and at the right time. The chinchbug received attention from Mr. F. M. Webster, who de- scribed an interesting outbreak in northern Ohio. It indicates very forcibly the effect of the prevailing industry of a region upon the abund- ance of a parlicular species. Dairying is a leading feature of the region mentioned, and the consequent number of timothy meadows offers ideal conditions for the development of the brachypterous forms of the Blissus. Mr. A. L. Quaintance presented notes on ‘‘ Some Insects of the Year in Georgia,’’ which cannot well be condensed, A rather interesting note, however, charges Monocrepidius vespertinus with being a scavenger in habits, feeding upon the excrement of cotton ball-worms. In New ‘ 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 373 Jersey it has been at times and locally troublesome on beans, of which it has undoubtedly eaten the foilage, but none of the elaterids known to me feed very much at the worst. The attempted use of poisoned bran against Ad/orhina nitida failed as, theoretically, it ought to, for the small mouth parts of these beetles, with the weak, compound mandibles, are not well adapted to mastication. Dr. E. P. Felt presented ‘‘ Notes of the Year for New York.’’ The forest tent caterpillar seems to have found the season much to its liking in that and indeed some of the New England States, and widespread injury has been caused to sugar bush as well as to orchard and shade trees in the infested region. The elm leaf beetle is spreading and very injurious in its new localities. In this connection it is interesting to note that this is now the third successive season during which very little in- jury has been done in New Jersey, more, however, this year (1899) than during the two last preceding it. It is decidedly interesting to note that the Diabrotica 12-punctata has spread far into northern New York and has reached Buffalo in its progress, which seems to become more rapid each year. Brood XIX of the periodi- cal Cicada occurred in several counties in western New York. Mr. W. G. Johnson presented ‘‘ Miscellaneous Entomological Notes ’”’ on a variety of species of local economic importance. Messsrs. Webster and Mally presented notes on the “Insects of the Year in Ohio,” mentioning a great number of species. An interesting statement is: ‘‘ At last we have found out how to kill,the rose-chafer, Macrodactylus subspinosus. * * * One half pound of fish oil soap, dissolved in a gallon of water and sprayed upon them, will kill ninety- five per cent. of the adults, the females being especially susceptible, if the suds is sprayed directly upon them.’’ This sounds suspicious, and will certainly not apply in New Jersey, where suds of double that strength have proved ineffective. The fact that females were the more susceptible récalls the results of one experiment with sludge-oil soap, where females were so generally killed that I examined closely and found that all were wornout specimens that had oviposited and were ready to die naturally. Mr. Marlatt discussed ‘‘ Temperature Control of Scale Insects,”’ a point which was incidentally referred to by others, and formed the subject of another paper by W. M. Scott, of Georgia. It seems that, to the South especially, the low temperatures of the early part of 1899: were fatal to a variety of species, while others were unharmed. Further to the north the effect was less marked, and it is notable that the lowest recorded temperatures failed to affect the pernicious scale. Species that wintered in the egg stage suffered as much as those that were partly grown. ‘“‘It will be seen that the cold of the winter in question was as efficient as an _ ordinary treatment with the best of our insecticides.’’ Mr. Marlatt also gave an account of Aspidiotus ostree@formis, a Euro- pean species which has been introduced into the United States, and has 374 ENTOMOLOGICAL. NEWS. [ February, become established in some localities. I remember that when, in the early spring of 1898, I showed Dr. Ritsema Bos, the Dutch entomologist, some of our scaliest trees in New Jersey, he was not at all impressed, and said that he had seen trees in German orchards quite as badly covered by this newly-introduced pest. Now, let us pass laws excluding all European and Canadian fruit stocks. Incidentally, Mr. Webster expressed himself on the effect of cold on the pernicious scales: ‘‘Doubtless the cold of winter kills’ the young, but the mature scales survive and continue breeding.’”’ My own experi- ence is exactly opposite. Specimens that begin breeding in fall zever survive the winter, and the young produced late in the season are also apt to succumb. The specimens that set in October and become dor- mant in the form of little round black scales are the forms that survive and resume breeding the June following. Mr. E. H. Forbush spoke on the destruction of hairy caterpillars by birds, and gave a list of those that had been found feeding upon them in Massachusetts. Our good friend the English sparrow is very close to the end of the list, and I cannot but think the habit exceptional in this bird. At all events my experience with this species has been that it keeps off more effective birds than itself, and thus far counterbalances what little good it may,actually do. Nevertheless, Mr. Forbush is right in urging more systematic field observation to help us to.a real knowledge of bird habits. Mr. Johnson spoke on ‘‘ The destructive pea louse, a new and import- ant economicjspecies of the genus Nec/arophora.’’ This was an account — of a most remarkable invasion by a species not even described, which extended along the Atlantic Coast region from Connecticut to North Carolina, but was, perhaps, more severe in the southern range of the species. At all events, the percentage of injury was not as great in New Jersey as Mr. Johnson made it in Maryland. Toward the end of the season Mr. Johnson found predatory forms in such quantities that the aphids were disappearing and a fungus developed in many specimens. Similar conditions developed in New Jersey a little later and the fungus was determined for me by Dr. Thaxter as the common /:x/omophthora aphidis. I can scarcely agree with Mr. Johnson, however, when he says: ‘ As to the future, candidly, I am of the opinion that it will be many a day be- fore we will see a repetition of such destruction to the pea crop by Nectarophora destructor,” Mr, Johnson spoke in August, and at that time I would have been inclined to agree with him, But since that time the field peas on the college farm have been ruined, precisely as they were in the fall of 1898, though the character of the season was exactly opposite. I have advised our growers for canneries to place no depend- ence On crops to mature after June 15, the date when, in New Jersey, this insect became destructive. a p- Ce eee a 1900 ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 375 Mr. Johnson also described ‘“‘ The Stalk Worm, a new enemy to young tobacco,”’ though new only on this food plant. The species itself, Cram- bus caligniosellus, is old enough and common enough on corn, as Mr. Johnson pointed out. Mr. A. H. Kirkland spoke of ‘‘ An improvement in the manufacture of Arsenate of Lead,’’? whereby nitrate of lead is used in place of the acetate. The resulting product contains about five per cent. more arsenic than that made with the acetate, and the cost is somewhat less. Unfortunately no exact formula is given, except that which is to be inferred from the fact that it requires 880 pounds arsenate of soda, 2398 pounds nitrate of lead to make one ton arsenate of lead, as com- pared with 758 pounds arsenate of soda and 2593.8 pounds acetate of lead to produce the same quautity. Mr. E.-H. Forbush reported on the progress of ‘‘ Recent Work Against the Gypsy Moth,” from which it appears that, while much had been ac- complished in reducing the numbers of the insect in the known infested districts, three new colonies in outside districts have been discovered. Mr. A. T. Burgess reported on ‘‘A Destructive Tanbark Beetle,’ Dinoderus substriatus, which he found developing in great numbers in the stock of a tannery at Malden, Mass. - Finally, before adjournment, the association adopted a set of resolu- tions which, as a whole, are admirable, but from one part of which I wish to dissent emphatically. It states: ‘* The association is also in full sympathy with judicious national and State legislation for the purpose of enacting and enforcing laws to prevent the importation of foreign insect pests, and controlling or exterminating such as have become already established in this country.’’ That this was the sentiment of the majority in attendance is probably true, and it is in the nature of a direct contradiction to the conclusions of the presidential address. The association consists of a// the members, and Mr. Marlatt’s dissent at least is clearly enough expressed, It is one of those perfunctory resolutions which will be used wherever legislation is attempted and to support whatever the party using it happens to con- sider ‘‘judicious.’’ !s any legislation that imposes a burden upon com- merce ‘judicious ’’? JoHN B. SMITH. SITODREPA PANICEA LINN, LIVING IN AND FEEDING UPON ARGOL.— Recently Prof. F. L. Odenbach, S. J., Ignatius College, Cleveland, Ohio, has sent me specimens of this well nigh omnivorous beetle, which he finds burrowing in Argol. During fermentation the juices of the grape deposits tartaric acid (C, H, Og) in the form of hydropotassic tartrate or bitartrate of potash, which, in commerce, is known as tartar or argol. As, in this case, the deposit was from red wine, the beetles were working in red tartar, many of the pieces of hard dry argol being almost honey- combed with burrows.—F. M. WEBSTER. 376 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, Entomological . Literature. COMPILED BY P. P. CALVERT. Under the above head it is intended to mention papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South). Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. Contribu- tions to the anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, relating to Ameri- can or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in HEAVY-FACED TYPE refer tothe . journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of North American forms. Titles of all articles in foreign languages are translated into English; usually such articles are written in thesame language as the title of thejournal containing them, but when such articles arein other languages than English, French, German or Italian, this fact is indicated in brackets. 3. The American Naturalist, Boston, Dec., 1899.—4. The Canadian Entomologist, London, Ont., Dec., ’99.—&. Psyche, Cambridge, Mass., Jan., 1900.—6. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, Dec., ’°99.—8. The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, London, Jan., 1900.— 10. Nature. London, ’99.—11. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London, Dec., ’99.—12. Comptes Rendus. L’ Academie des Sciences, Paris, ’99.—21. The Entomologist’s Record, London, Dec., 15, ’99.—37. Le Naturaliste Canadien, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Dec., ’99.— 41. Entomologische Nachrichten, ’99, No. 23, Berlin, Dec.—46. Tijds- chrift voor Entomologie, xlii, 3, The Hague, Dec. 6, ’99.—74. Naturwis- senschaftliche Wochenschrift, Berlin, ’99.—79. La Nature, Paris, ’99.— $2. Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie, Jena, ’99.—84. Inseckten Bérse, Leipsic, ’99.—108. The Agricultural Journal, Cape Town, ’99.—120. Consular Reports, U. S. Dept. of State, Ixi, No. 231, Washington, Dec., ’99.—121. Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, civ, No. 11, Geneva, Nov. 15, ’99. The Insect World: a Monthly Magazine, Edited Y. Nawa, Gifu, Japan, and printed entirely in Japanese, completed the twelfth number of the third volume Dec. 15, ’99; we wish our contemporary long life! THE GENERAL SUBJECT.—Anon. Obituary of Rev. Vin- cent Clementi, 4.—Carret, A. M. F. Guillebeau and his entomologi- cal works (concl.), L’Echange Revue Linnéenne, Lyon, Dec., ’99—Cou- pin, H. Propriety in insects, 79, Dec. 23 —Distant, W.L. Biologi- cal suggestions, mimicry (cont.), Zoologist, London, Dec., ’99.—Dury, ©. Random notes on natural history [Odonata, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera], Journal, Cincinnati Society of Natural History, xix, 5, Jan. 4, 1900.—Felt, E. P. Collection, preservation and distribution of New York insects, Bulletin, New York State Museum, vi, 26, Albany, Apr., ’99. Received Dec. 13.—Hepden, A. 8S. Entomological science in schools, 21.—Jinichen, R. A new aberration to the third generation of Lasiocampa populifolia Esp. var aulumnalis Jaen, 84, Dec., 28.— Keilhack, K. On soil-forming activity of insects, 74, Dec. 24.—v. ee. . 1900] — ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 377 Linden, M. Edgar Kriigers ‘‘On the development of tho wings of in- sects with especial reference to the wing-covers of beetles’’, Biologisches Centralblatt, Erlangen, Dec. 1, ’99.—de Meijere, J. C. H. Ona case of dimorphism in the two sexes of a new Cecidomyid (Monardia van der Wulp), 2 pls., 46.—Roy, S. Entomological notes, 37.—Sharp, D. Insecta, and Brown, A. W. Arachnida, Myriopoda and Prototra- cheata in: The Zoological Record, Volume the Thirty-fifth. Being Rec- ords of Zoological Literature relating chiefly to the year 1898. Edited (for the Zoological Society of London) by David Sharp, London, ’99 — Tutt, J. W. Entomology as a subject of instruction in schools, 21.— Weed, C. M., and Murtfeldt, M. E. Stories of Insect Life, Second Series, Summer and Autumn. Boston, U. S. A. Ginn & Co. 1899. Pp. x, 72. 34 figs. ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY.—Anon. The malarial expedi- tion to West Africa, Science, New York, Jan. 5, ’99.—Barchet. Silk- worms in China, 120.—Beutelspacher, G. Suppressing the San José scale in Canada, 120.--Clement, A. L. Tobacco insects, 79, Dec. 2.—Daubler. The Malaria Expedition to Sierra Leone, 82, Dec. 23.--Hanitsch, R. Mosquitoes and malaria, 10, Dec. 21.—Hop- kins, A. D. Preliminary report on the insect enemies of the forests in the northwest: an account of the results gained from a reconnoissance trip made in the Spring and early Summer of 1899. Bulletin No. 21, new series, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Washington, ’99.—Lawrie, E. The ‘‘ Laveran body’’ in birds and the mosquito theory of malaria, New York Medical Journal, Dec. 30, ’99 —Louns- bury, C. P. Grain bug, Codling moth, Bagrada bug, 108, Nov. 9.—Id. The bont tick, Amblyomma hebreum Kock., its life history and habits, figs., 108, Nov. 23.—Id. Report of the Government Entomologist for the year 1898, 9 pls. Cape of Good Hope Dept. of Agriculture, Cape- town, ’99.—Lowe, V. H. The forest tent-caterpillar, figs., Bulletin No. 159, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y., Oct., ’99.—Reh. Indigenous orchid scale-insects, 74, Dec. 17.—C. B. S. _ Insects as carriers of disease, 10, Dec. 14.—Zimmermann, A. The combatting of animals injurious to cultivated plants by means of their natural enemies, 82, Dec. 1, 5. PROTOTRACHEATA,.—Bouvier, E. L. Biological observa- tions on Peripatus capensis Grube, 12, Dec. 4.—Id. Now observations on the American Peripati, 12, Dec. 11. MYRLOPODA AND ARACHNIDA,.—Fritsch, A. Myrio- poda pars ii [and] Arachnoidea. Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalk- steine der Permformation B6hmens, Bd. iv, heft 2. Prag.,’99. Pls. 145- 154.—Silvestri, F. Contribution to the study of Chilian Chilopods, Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, Valparaiso, Oct. and Nov., ’99. ORTHOPTERA.—Edes, R. T. Relation of the chirping of the tree cricket (Gcanthus niveus) to temperature, 3.—Hancock, J. L. 378 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ February, Synopsis of subfamilies and genera of North American Tettigide, 5.— Petrunkewitsch, A. The digestive organs of Periplaneta orientalis and Blatta germanica, histological and physiological studies, 1 pl., Zoo- logische Jahrbiicher, Abtheilung fiir Anatomie u. Ontogenie, xiii, 1, Jena Dec. 5,’99.—Tiimpel, R. Die Geradfliigler Mitteleuropas, Lieferung 6, Eisenach, Verlag.von M. Wilckens. Pp. 137-157, Perlidz, Psocide, pls. xviii-xx [Acrididz, Locustide}. NEUROPTERA.—Calvert, P. P. A contribution to knowledge of the Odonata of Paraguay, Anales, Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, vii, Nov. 17, ’99.—Currie, R. P. New species of North American Myrmeleonide, v*, 4.—McLachlan, R. Concerning TJeratopsocus maculipennis Reuter, with notes on the brachypterous condition in fe- males of Psocide, 8. HEMIPTERA.--Cholodkovsky, N. Aphidological communi- cations, 1 pl., Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic, Nov. 27, ’99.—Cocker- ell, T. D. A. A coccid from the far north*, 4.—Id. New records of Coccide, 6.—Distant, W. L. Rhynchotal notes, iii: Heteroptera, Discocephaline and Pentatominz (part.), 118.—Kirkaldy, W. A new Hawaiian Fulgorid genus and species, 41.—Slater, F W. The egg-carrying habit of Zaitha, 3.—Webster, F. M. Distribution of broods xxii, v and viii of Cicada septendecim in Indiana, map. Proceed- ings Indiana Academy of Science for 1898. Extract, no paging or date! COLEOPTERA.—Blackburn, T, Revision of the genus Parop- sis, part v, Proceedings, Linnean Society of New South Wales, ’99, pt. iii, Sidney, Dec. 9,,’99.—Bordas, L. General considerations on the male reproductive organs of Coleoptera with compound and racemose testes, 12, Dec. 26.—Chagnon, G. Gyvehrus viduus Dej. captured at Saint-Hilaire, P. Q., 37.—Fiseher. [Oviposition and cocoons of] Hydrophilus piceus, 121.—Horn, W.—Description of a new species of Cicindela [from S. America], Annali, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, (2) xix, ’99.—Jacobson, G. The genus 4/urno (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidz) [in Latin], Annuaire, Musée Zoologique de |’ Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, ’99, No. 3.—Mead, C. E. Collops bipunctatus as an enemy of the Colorado potato beetle, 3.— Wickham, H. F. On Coleoptera found with ants, fifth paper, 5. DIPTERA.—Coquillett, D. W. Notes and descriptions of Try- petide*, 6.—Heeht, E. Biological and histological notes on the larva of a Dipter (Microdon mutabilis L.), 1 pl., Archives de Zoologie Experi- mentale et Generale, (3) vii, No. 3, Paris, ’99.—de Meijere, J. C. H. See the General Subject.—Webster, F. M. Species of Diptera reared in Indiana during the years 1584 to 1890, Proceedings, Indiana Academy of Science for 1898. Extract, no paging or date ! LEPIDOPTERA,.—Beutenmiiller, W. Descriptions of and notes on some North American Lepidoptera*, 6.—Cappel, H. A. de V.T. N. On the spine on the fore tibia in the genus Agrodis, 3 pls. [in —, ee 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 379 Dutch], 46.—v. Caradja, A. On some .Spilosoma hybrids [transl. from “‘TIris’’, 98], Entomologist, London, Dec. ’99.—Crampton, H. E, An experimental study upon Lepidoptera, figs., 3 pls., Archiv fiir Ent- wicklungsmechanik, ix, 2 Leipsic, Dec. 12, ’99—Dyar, H. G. Life histories of North American Geometride, viii, ix, 6.—Id. The life his- tories of the New York slug caterpillars (concl.), 3 pls., 6.—Id. De- scription of the mature larva of Acronycta connecta, fig.. 6.—Fyles, T. W. Observations upon Bombyx cunea, Drury, etc., 4.—Gibson, A* Lepisesia ulalume Strecker in British Columbia, 4.—Moffat, J. A. Butterfly wing structure, 1 pl., 4.—Moore, F. Lepidoptera Indica, pts. xl, xli. London, Lovell Reeve & Co.,’99. Recd. Jan. 15, t900_ = [Pp. 65-112 of vol. iv, pls. 309-324. Nymphaline, group Nymphalina.]— Ottolengui, R. A contribution to the discussion of Spi/osoma_ con- grua, 4.—Rippon, R. H. F. Icones Ornithopterorum, a monograph of the Rhopalocerus genus Ornithoptera or bird-wing butterflies. Pt. 14. Published by the author, London. Reed. Jan. 15, ’99 —Smith, J. B. New Noctuids and notes*, 6.—Soule, C.G. The ‘‘cocoons’’ or ‘‘cases”’ of some burrowing caterpillars, 5.—Standfuss, M. The dampening of the surface of the body which takes place in certain larvee before pupa- tion, $4, Dec. 21 —Stichel, H. Parnassius apollo bartholomeus n. subsp. and monographic treatment of the named palzarctic forms of . apollo, 84, Dec. 7, 14.—Tutt, J. W.—Migration and dispersal of in- sects: Lepidoptera, 21.—Wilson-Barker, D._ Butterfly-shadows, 10, Dec. 7. HYMENOPTERA.—André, E. The mushroom-raising ants {12 pp.]. Extrait de la Société Grayloise d’Emulation (année 1899).— Anglas, J. On the histogenesis of the imaginal muscles of Hymenop- tera, Comptes Rendus, Société de Biologie, Paris, Dec. 2, ’99.--Ash- mead, W. H. Classification of the entomophilous wasps, or the super- family Sphegoidea, No. 7, conclusion, 4.—Cockerell, T. D. A., and Porter, W. Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station, vii: Observations on bees with descriptions of new genera and species, 11.—Dunning, S. N. Notes on Phril/anthus, 4.—Emery, C.—Vege- tarianism among ants, 121.—Hunter, S. J. The honey-bee and its food-plants with special reference to alfalfa, figs. Bulletin of the Dept. of Entomology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, ’99. Recd. Dec. 26, ’99.— Konow, F. W. New Tenthredinide, 41.—Id. New South Ameri- can S/romboceros species (fam. Tenthredinidz)*, Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, xviii, to, Dec. 24, ’99.—Marshall, T. A. Braconide, pp. 289-334, pls. xiii-xv, in 67e Fascicule (July 1, 1899) and Andra, Ern- est. Mutillida, pp. 1-64. pls. i-iii in 68e Fascicule (Oct. 1, 1899) of Spe- cies des Hyménopteres d’Europe et d’ Algerie fondé par Edmond André _ et continué sous Ernest André. Paris, Vve Dubosclard, éditeur.— Robertson, C. On the classification of bees, 4.—Smith, W. W. Large colonies of ants in New Zealand, 8. 380 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, Doings of Societies. At a business meeting of the American Entomological Soci- ety held December 28th, 1899, the following officers were — elected to serve during the coming year: Presédent, Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D. ; Vce-President, H. W. Wenzel; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson ; Recording Secretary, Henry Skinner, M.D. ; Corresponding Secretary, W. J. Fox ; Curator, Henry Skinner ; Librarian, W. J. Fox; Publication Committee, E. 'T. Cresson, C. Few Seiss, B. H. Smith; Axvecutive Committee, P. Laurent, C. Liebeck, H. W. Wenzel ; /ixance Committee, J. W. McAliis- ter, C. S. Welles, C. C. Cresson. . HENRY SKINNER, Sec. At a meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, held December 28th, 1899, the following were elected officers for the year 1go0: Director, Philip Laurent; Vice-Director, H. W. Wenzel; Treasurer, E.'T. Cresson ; Conservator, Henry Skinner, M.D. ; Recorder, Henry Skinner, M.D. ; Secretary, W. J. Fox; Pub- lication Committee, C. W. Johnson, J. H. Ridings. Mr. J. C. Bradley was duly elected an Associate of the Section. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Recorder. At the December meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social, held, on the evening of the 2oth, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 S. 13th St. Ten persons were present. Prof. J. B. Smith called attention to larvee of a species of | Tineid which had burrowed in a mass of casein, which is not a natural food for insects of that kind. The habits of the bee-moth larvze were dwelt on by Messrs. | H. Wenzel and Smith. Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited specimens of /chalia costata, a very rare insect in this locality ; two specimens were taken on December 3d and toth respectively. The capture of Cryptorhynchus fuscatus from Clementon, N. J., on December 17th, and two specimens of J/ycetina perpulchia trom Newtown Square, Pa., were recorded, as was also the collecting of Cychrus on December 1oth and 17th in New Jersey. “Dr. H. Skinner remarked on the occurrence of Hemaris Brucei in Wasatch Mountains, Utah ; it was quite plentiful at high altitudes. Also specimens of Anarta melanopa from the same locality were shown, Prof. Smith stated that he had found that in collecting in various canons in the southwest, each canon would have a peculiar fauna of its own. He therefore pointed out the advisability of labelling specimens with the exact locality in which they were found. A vote of thanks was extended to Mr. Frank Haimbach for the elegant collation tendered the members at the November meeting. WILLIAM J. Fox, Secretary. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS D PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. VoL. XI. MARCH, 1900. NO. 3. CONTENTS: Holland—Alaska Insects.........+.++- 381 | Williamson—Tachopteryx Thoreyi.... 398 Rivers—A New Metrius............... 389 | Fox—Extra-American Species of Mu- Doane—A New Sugar-Beet Pest....... 390 SRR as Vaid Pror. JoHN B. SmituH’s Check-List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America is out of print and cannot be supplied. In the issue for December (p. 293) reference was made to the occur- rence of ‘‘ Actias duna’’ in Mexico. Since writing the note I have re- ceived the bulletin of the ‘‘ Laboratoire d’Etudes des Soies’’ of Lyon, in which M. Sonthonnax describes as a new species the Mexican moth which much resembles A. /uma. The differences are slight, but in the six or eight specimens which I have examined of 7vopea truncatipennis, as the moth is now called, there is no variation whatever toward the typical A. luna. The 33% have the primaries distinctly produced at the apex and truncated ; the tails are longer and broader in proportion than in A. luna; the maroon border is much more distinct, and the moth itself considerably larger.—O. W. BARRETT, Museo, Tacubaya, Mex. * Cobs are horses with the tails sawn off pretty close. This is not nearly as painful as pulling the legs off of beetles and other bugs. DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J, . / Papers for this department are solicited. They should be sent to the editor” Prof. John B. Smith, Sc.D., New Brunswick, N. J. SOME RUSSIAN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. By E. V. WILCOX, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. As is well known to all scientific workers, the Russians are very active along most lines of natural science, and the published results of their investigations are of great value and importance. Unfortunately these results are for the most part published in the Russian language, and are, therefore, less accessible to the average worker than they would be if pub- lished in French or German. Frequently abstracts are published by the authors in French or German periodicals, but the complete articles and illustrations are for the most part found only in the original Russian publications. It is the purpose of this note to call attention to a few articles in econo- mic entomology which may be of interest to American workers. The articles referred to are found in two publications. The one is cailed ‘“*Selskoe Khozyaistvo i Lyesovodstvo,” and is published in St. Peters- burg by the Ministry of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. It is a very valuable agricultural journal, and contains articles on all agricultural and forestry subjects. The other publication mentioned is the ‘*‘ Year Book’’ of the St. Petersburg Forestry Institute, the first number of which was. published in 1886. The following is a list of the more important articles from these two publications which the writer has had occasion to read during entomological work : Concerning the grasshoppers which are injurious to grains and grasses. in the governments of Perm, Orenburg and Tobolsk, I. A. Porchinski ‘(Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1895, No. 1, pp. 79-108, figs. 16).—A discussion of the parasities of grasshoppers and of the steppe or Russian species. The nun and its associates in the forests of middle and eastern Russia during the summer of 1894, I. Shevuirev (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1895, No. 8, pp. 471-489).—Notes on Ocneria monacha, O. dispar, Tomicus lypographus, Trachea piniperda and other forest insects. Diseases of tobacco in Tashkent, their causes, and measures for com- bating them, V. Polovtzov (Selsk. Khoz, i Lyesov., 1895, No. 2, pp. 109-136).—-A detailed account of the life history, habits, host plants and emedies for Siphonophora scabiosa. 404 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 405, Combating injurious forest insects in Bavaria, V. Ogievski (Selsk. Khoz., i Lyesov., 1895, No. 9, pp. 31-44.)—An account of species of Tomicus, Flylesinus, Flylobius and Pissodes. Combating phylloxera, P. Stroev (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1895, No. 10. pp. 183-208, figs. 22).—A general discussion of the forms and life history of the insect, with recommendation of remedies. Sericulture in the province of Turkestan, A. Shakhnazarov (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1896, No. 5, pp. 137-153).-—A study of the actual condi- tion of sericulture in Turkestan, with an account of the extent and future of the industry. Combating phylloxera in Russia, B. Witmer (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1896, No. 6, pg. 375-407 ; pp. 609-625).—A discussion of methods adopted in different parts of Russia in fighting this insect. Observations on bark beetles in 1895, G. Jacobson (Selsk. Khos. i Lyesov., 1896, No. 6, pp. 419-442, figs. 11).—Notes on the 20 species of bark beetles. Destructive increase of bark beetles in central Russia from 1882-94 and experiments in combating them, I. Shevuirev (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1896, No. 10, pp. 523-545).—Notes on Polygraphus, Xyleborus and other species. Apiculture, N. Sharov (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1896, No. 11, pp. 751- 770). —A general discussion of the subject. Injurious insects of Semiretchinsk, I. Ingenitzki (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov. 1897, No. I, pp. 177-197, figs. 3).—An account of Pachytylus migratorius, Caloptenus italicus, and species of Psyche, Agrotis, etc. Insects injurious to the sunflower, A. Krulikovski (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1897, No. 6, pp. 585-598, figs. 10).—Notes on Agapanthia dahlit species of Clytus, Strangalia, Leptura, Heliothis, etc. Combating locusts in the Danube delta, 1884-85 and 1893-95, E. Rekalo (Selsk. Khos. i Lyesov., 1897, No. 10, pp. 99-125).—An elaborate study of the methods of fighting locusts. _ Injurious field insects in the government of Ufa, S. Torski (Selsk. Khos. i Lyesov., 1897, No. 1, pp. 395-411).—Notes on species of 7rachea, Ma- mestra, Entomocetis, etc. The enemies of agriculture in the Trans-Ural region, Y. Polferov (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1897, No. 12, pp. 583-593).—Notes on grass- hoppers, the corn weevil, field mice, etc. Injurious insects in the government of Kiev, S. Torski (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1898, No. 2, pp. 413-427).—Notes on Gastropacha neustria, Ocneria dispar, O. monacha, etc. Simple apiculture as a result of the work of the Agricultural Society in the central zone of European Russia, A. Popov (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., * 1898, No. 5, pp. 347-383 ;.6, pp. 577-616).—An elaborate account of bee culture in this region. _ Tabanidee and a simple method of destroying them, I. Porchinski (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1899, No. 3, pp. 557+573).—The author’s obser- 406 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March, vations were made upon species of Zabanus, Chlorops and Hematopota. Species of the first two named genera have the habit of darting down upon the surface of pools to take water, and advantage was taken of this fact in devising a remedy for their destruction. Pools were covered with films of oil and the insects were destroyed by coming in contact with this substance. Injury caused to hazel trees in Crimea by a scale insect (Lecanium cornt, Bouché, or L. vobiniarum, Doug), S. Mokrzhetzki (Selsk« Khoz. i Lyesov., 1899, No. 2, pp. 413-420, figs. 4). General survey of the life history of injurious insects and means of combating them, I. Shevuirev (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1899, No. 6, pp. 587-628).—Economic notes on a large number of noxious insects. Combating the enemies of agriculture, V. Morachevski (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1899, No. 8, pp. 193-225).—Notes on Orthoptera, especially Pachytylus migratorius, and a detailed discussion of the means adopted in different governments of Russia for fighting them. Combating the enemies of agriculture, V. Morachevski (Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov., 1899, No. 9, pp. 445-454).—Notes on species of Ag tats, Anisoplia and the Hessian fly. Materials for the study of the geographical distribution of bark beetles in Russia, I. Shevuirev (Ezhegod.-Lyesn. Inst., St. Petersburg, 2 (1888), PP. 173-183. Pissodes strobili, N. Zhilyakov (Ezhegod. — Inst., ane Petersburg, 3 (1888), pp. 113, 114, figs. 2). The restraing influence of the weather of 1888 upon plants and insects, A. A. Silantev (Ezhegod. Lyesn. Inst., St. Petersburg, 3 (1888), pp. 115- 118).—Notes on species of Melolontha, Tomicus, Lophyrus, etc. Entomological notes, A. A. Silantev (Ezhegod. Lyesn. Inst., St. Peters- burg, 3 (1888), pp. 119-121).—Notes on Cryphalus tilie, Chermes pini, Lymexylon dermestoides, etc. The galleries of bark beetles, N. A. Kholodkovski (Ezhegod. Lyesn. {nst., St. Petersburg, 3 (1888), pp. 181-197, figs. 13).—Notes on the habits and burrows of a large number of spceies of Scolytide. The biology of bark beetles, A. A. Silantev (Ezhegod. Lyesn. Inst., St. Petersburg, 4 (1891), pp. 223-231, figs. 2).—Notes on species of Toni cus, Myelophilus, Hylastes, etc. Biology and classification of the genus hetenes: N. A. Kholodkovski (Ezhegod. Lyesn. Inst. St. Petersburg, 4 (1891), pp. 255-290, figs. 17).— A detailed account of a large number of species of this genus. This brief list of articles may be of service to economic entomologists in America if in no other way than by calling attention to the existence of articles of considerable size upon definite entomological subjects which affect us in this country. Many of these articles are abstracted by the © writer at some length for the Lxperiment Station Record, It is hoped, however, that the brief notes added to most of the titles will serve to indicate the general trend of each article. 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 407 Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY P. P. CALVERT. Under the above head it is intended to mention papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South). Artieles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. Contribu- tions to the anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, relating to Ameri- can or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in HEAVY-FACED TYPE refer to the journals, as numbered in the following jist, in which the papers are published ; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of North American forms. Titles of all articles in foreign languages are translated into English; usuaily such articles are written in thesame language as thetitle of thejournal containing them, but when such articles are in other languages than English, French, German or Italian, this fact is indicated in brackets. 4. The Canadian, Entomologist, London, Ont., 1900,—&. Psyche, Cambridge, Mass., Feb., 1900.—8. ‘The Entomologist’s Monthly Maga- zine, London, Feb., 1900.—9.. The Entomologist, London, Feb., 1900.— 11. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London, Jan., 1900.— 13. Comptes Rendus. Société de Biologie, Paris, 1900.—15. Biologia Centrali-Americana, London, pt. cli, Nov., ’99. Recd. Feb. 5, 1900.— 21. The Entomologist’s Record, London, Jan. 15, 1900.—36. Tran- sactions, Entomological Society of London, 1899, pt. iv., Dec. 30.—74. Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Berlin, 1900.--78. The Garden- er’s Chronicle, London, 1900.—86a,_ Annales, Société Entomologique de France, Paris, 1898, Trimestres 1 et 2, Oct. ’98; 3, Dec., ’98; 4, May.’99; all rec’d. Jan., 1900.—86b. Bulletin of the same, 1898, rec’d Jan., 1900 — 122. Transactions, City of London Entomological and Natural History Society, 1898. Recd. Jan., 1900. THE GENERAL SUBJECT.—Anon, Henry Herbert Lyman [Biographical notice], portrait, 4, Jan.—Anon. The role of leucocytes in histolysis of the muscles of the bee during metamorphosis, Revue Gen- erale des Sciences, Paris, Dec. 30, ’99.—Boas, J. E. V. New remarks on the metamorphoses of insects [in Danish], 1 pl., Oversigt kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger, 1899, No. 4, Copenhagen. —Bordage, E.-—On regeneration in the Phasmids,- 86a, 1 and 2.— Brunner von Wattenwyl. Note on the coloration of insects [trans- lation], 21.—Burr, M, Brunner von Wattenwyl, portrait, 21 —Caus- ard, M. On the role of air in the last moult of aquatic nymphs, S6b. —Clement, A. L. Observations on different anomalies in insects, figs, $6b.—Dominique, J. Parthenogenesis and thelytokie in the Phasmidz, Bulletins, Société des Sciences Naturelles de l’Ouest de la France, ix, 2, Nantes, June 30, ’99._ Recd. Jan. 26, 1900.—Gadeau de Kerrville, H. On tetratological forking of the feet, the antennz and palps of insects, figs., 86b.—Lucas, R. -Insects in general, and Seid- litz, G. Coleoptera in Review of scientific results in the field of Ento- mology during the year 1896, Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte Ixiii, ii, 2, 1 HAlfte, Berlin, Nov., ’99.—V. L. On the development of insects, with 408 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, especial reference to the elytra of beetles, 74, Jan. 7,—Perez, C. On muscular histolysis in insects, 13, Jan. 6.—Pic, M. List of his own zoological publications (1889-1897), 86a, 1 and 2.—Prout, L. B. On some heredity experiments with Coremia ferrugata, 122.—Vignon, P. Criticism of the. vesicular theory of secretion, figs. [special refer- ence to Diptera], Notes et Revue, Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (3), vii, 2, Paris, Dec. 20, ’99.—Witchell, C. A. Stray notes on mimicry, Zoologist, London, Jan. 15, 1900. ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY.—Anon. Phylloxera +9 Italy, Revue Scientifique, Paris, Jan. 20, 1900.—Fuller, C. Notes and de- scriptions of some species of Western Australian Coccide, 1 pl., 36.— Galli- Valerio, B. Do the fleas of rats and mice play an important rdle in the transmission of bubonic plague to man? Figs. Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie, Jena, Jan. 6, 1900.—Gennadius, P. Treatment of psoriasis of Hesperidz in the Levant, 86b.—Giard, A. The army worm in France, 86b.—Laveran. On the subject of the destruction of the larvze of mosquitoes by oil and petroleum, 13, Jan. 20.—Lesne, P., and Martin, J. Notes on some attempts at destruction of the kola-nut weevil (Balanogastris kole Desbr.), 86b.—Lounsbury, C. P. Insect bites and the effects thereof, 4, Jan.—Pergande, T. A new species of plant-louse injurious to violets,* 4, Feb —Prowazek, S. On the nat- ural history of the ‘‘ Rapserdfloh”’ ( Psy/liodes chrysocephala), figs., 74, Jan. 14.~Simon, E. Ona fabric made from spiders’ silk in Madagas- car, 86b.—W.S. The “ Hatfield’’ cure for red-spider, 78, Feb. 3— Tangye, E. Trapping the codlin moth, 78, Jan. 27.—Webster, F. M., and Mally, C. W. The purslane sawtly, Schizocerus Zabrisket Ashm. M6S., figs., 4, Feb.—Wilcox, E. V. Abstracts of recent litera- ture, Experiment Station Record, xi, 4, Washington, ’99. ARACHNIDA.—Banks, N, On two genera of mites, 4, Feb.— Cambridge, F. O. P. Arachnida Araneidea, vol. ii, pp. 65-80, pl. v,* 15.—Lomann, J.C. C. The Opilionidz of the Plate Collection, 1 pl. Fauna Chilensis, Bd. ii, Heft 1. Jena, Gustav Fischer, Dec. 20, 1899.— Simon, E. Description of a new senoculous genus (.Symposia) of the family Agelenide, 86b.—-Ld. Description of a new genus of Arachnida, family Lycoside, 86b.—Trouessart, E. Preliminary diagnoses of new species of plumicolous Acarina, additions and corrections to the sub- family of the Analgesine, pls.,* Bulletin, Société d’Etudes Scientifiques d’Angers (n. s.), xxviii, ’99.—Id. Preliminary diagnoses of new species of plumicolous Sarcoptide (three papers),* SGb. PROTOTKACHEATA.—Bouvier, E, L. On the structure of Peripatus Tholloni Bouv., 86D. MYRIAVODA,—Brélemann, H. W. Voyage of M. E Simon to Venezuela (Dec., 1897-Aug., 1888), 27th memoir: Myriapods, 8 pls.,. figs , $G6a, 3.-—I1d. Myriapods from High and Low Sarare, Venezuela, given by M. F. Geay to the Museum of Natural History of Paris, 2 pls., 86a, 3.—de Zograf, VU. On the lateral cephalic organs of Glomeris, 11¢ _—s $ Jes gah oo Saris et em WE a 7s Ss = —— | SSS AEA Ta 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 409 ORTHOPTERA.—Bordage, E. See the General Subject.—Do- minique, J. See the General Subject —Hancock, J. L. Notes on species of the Tettigian group of Orthoptera,* 4, Jan.—Rehn, J. A. G. Melanoplus differentialis in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, 4, Jan.— Sayee, O. A. On the structure of the alimentary system of Gryllotalpa’ australis (Erichs.), with some physiological notes, 2 pls , Proceedings, Royal Society of Victoria, xi (n. s_), pt. ii, Melbourne, ’99. NEUROPTERA.—-McLachlan, R. Psocids on the wing: a query, $.—Needham, J.G. How to rear nymphs of dragonflies [ex- tract], 8. HEMIPTERA.—Baker, C. F. Four new species of Platymeto- pius,* 4, Feb.—Bergroth, E, Description of two new Reduviide,* 86b.—Champion, G. C. Rhynchota Heteroptera, vol. ii, pp. 265- 288, pl. xvi,* 15.—Enock, F. [Oviposition of Nepal], 36, Proceed- ings.—Fowler, W. W. Rhynchota Homoptera, vol. ii, pp. 249-256, pl. xvi [ Te¢tigonia),* 15.—Giard, A. On the scale insects of the genus Orthezia Bosc., 86b.—Hempel, A. Descriptions of three new species of Coccide from Brazil, 4, Jan.—Johnson, W. G. The de- structive green-pea louse, figs.,* 4, Feb.—King, G. B. Bibliography of Massachusetts Coccidz: supplementary to the knowledge of Massachu- setts Coccide, 4, Jan—Id. The fifth species of Kermes [andrei], 5.— Kirkaldy, G. W. On the nomenclature of the genera of the Rhyn- chota, Heteroptera and Auchenorrhynchous Homoptera, 9.—Martin, ~J. Descriptions of new species of Nepide, figs.,* 86b.—Pergande, T. See Economic Entomology.* COLEOPTERA.--Arrow, G. J. On sexual dimorphism in the Rutelid genus Parastasia with descriptions of new species, 1 pl., 36— Bennett. Notes on the habits of Godiathus druryi, 36, Proceedings. — Boileau, H. Note on the ‘‘Catalogue of the Lucanidz,”’ by M. Carl Felsche, 86a, 3.--Bordas, L. Contribution to the study of the repro- ductive organs of the Coleoptera: male genital glands of the Cleridz, 1 pl., 86a, 4.—Clouét des Pesruches, L. Notes on various Aphodii- dz, 86a, 1 and 2.—Croissandeau, J. Monograph of the Scydmzni- dee (cont.), 14 pls., 86a, 1 and 2.—Dierckx, F. The pygidial glands of Pheropsophus Bohemani Chaud., figs., Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic, Jan. 8, 1900.—Gahan, ©. J. Et al. [Stings of beetles], 36, Proceed- ings.—Giard, A. See Hymenoptera. -Grouvelle, A. New Clavi- corns from America, 2nd memoir,* 86a, 3.—Guillebeau,jJF. Revi- sion of the genus Scydmenus Latr. (Zumicrus Lap.), 86a, 1 and 2 — Heasler, H. Beetle coloration, 122.--Lesne, P. Revision of the Coleoptera of the family Bostrychidz, 3rd memoir, figs., * 86a, 4.—Id. Description of the adult larva of /w/odis albopilosa Chevr., and remarks on various characters of the larve of Buprestide, figs. , 86b.—Leveille, A. Description of five new Temnochilide, 86b.—V. L. See the Gen- eral Subject.—Raffray, A. Diagnoses of three new Pselaphide, 86b. —Seidlitz, G. See the General Subject. 410 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March, DIPTERA.—Coquillett, D, W. New genera and species of Ephydride, * 4, Feb.—Ricardo, G. Notes on the Pangonine of the family Tabanidz in the British Museum Collection, 1 pl., 11.—Vignon, P. See the General Subject.—Wahl, B- On the tracheal system and ‘the imaginal disks of the larve of Aristalis tenax, figs., 5 pls., Arbeiten des Zoologischen Instituten, Universitat Wien, xii, 1, ’99. LEPIDOPTERA.—Barnes, W. New species and varieties of North American Lepidoptera,* 4, Feb:—Dyar, H. G.. Bombyx cunea, 4, Jan.—Id. Critical notes [on J. W. Tutt’s British Lepidoptera, vol. i], 21.—Id. Notes on some North American Yponomeutide,* 4, Feb.— Id. Life histories of North American Geometride, 6.—Fyles, T. W. Metzneria lappella \.:.a curious life-history, 4, Jan.—Grote, A. R. The neuration of Argynnis, 4, Jan.—Howard, L. O. A popular name for C/istocampa disstria, 4, Feb.—Hulst, G. D. A new genus and species of Phycitinz,* 4, Jan.—Mayer. A. G. On the mating in- stinct in moths, 6 —MecLachlan, RB. [Deilephila lineata in Colorado at gooo ft.], 36, Proceedings.—Merrifield, F., and Poulton, E. B. The color-relation between the pupz of Papilio machaon, Pieris napt and many other species, and the surroundings of the larve preparing to pupate, 36.—Motelay. Note ona butterfly which is attracted by sight and not by odor of flowers, Actes, Société Linneenne de Bordeaux, ‘ii, 98. Recd. Jan. 26, ’1900.—Prout, L. B. See the General Subject.— Slingeriand, M. V. A new popular name for C/isiocampa disstria [‘‘forest tentless caterpillar’’], 4, Jan.—Tutt, J. W. Migration and dispersal of insects: Lepidoptera, 21. . HYMENOPTERA.—André, E. Study on the Mutillidz of the _ Museum of Paris,* 86a, 1 and 2.—Id. Description of two new ants from Mexico,* 86b.—Anon. See the General Subject.—Bethe, A. Still more on the psychical qualities of ants, Archiv fiir die gesammte Physiologie (Pfliiger’s), Ixxix, 1 and 2, Bonn, Jan. 18, 1900.—du Buys- son, R. Chrysis shanghaiensis [anatomy], 1 pl., 86a, 1 and 2.—Id. The nest and the larva of 7ripoxy/lon albitarse F., 2 pls., 86a, 1 and 2. —Cockerell, T. D. A. Tables for the determination cf New Mexico bees, Bulletins, Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, xi, 3, Gran- ville, Ohio, Nov. ’98.. Kecd. Jan. 1900.—Id. What is the proper name of Lophyrus Latr.? 9.—Dawson, C., and Woodhead, 's. A. The hexagonal structure naturally formed in cooling beeswax, and its influence on the formation of the cells of bees, 11.—Enock, F. [Life history of Prestwichia aquatica Lubb.], 36, Proceedings.—Ferton, C. On the habits of Sphecodes Latr. and //a/ictus Latr., 86b.—Forel, A. Hymen- optera, vol. iii, pp. 105-136 [Formicide],* 15.—Giard, A. On Cepha- /onomia (Hymen, Proctotryp.), parasites of the larve of Ptinide, 86b.— Id. On the development of Li/omastis truncatellus Dalman (Chalcid), $6b.—Kieffer, J.J. Remarks on the eggs of Cynipide, fig., 86b.— Marchal, P. The evolutionary cycle of Lucyrtus fuscicollis, 860.-- Robertson, C. Homologies of the wing veins of Hymenoptera, Science, New York, Jan. 19, 1900.— Webster, F, M., and Mally, ©. W. See Economic Entomology.” Fok: ASS Fe, 1gco] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 4II Doings of Societies. At the regular monthly meeting of the Newark Entomologi- cal Society, held in the Turn Hall January 14th, the following officers were elected: President, Mr. S. T. Kemp; Vice-Presi- dent, Mr. O. Buchholz; Secretary, Mr. Wm. H. Broadwell ; Treasurer, Mr. S. Seib; Librarian, Mr. J. Engelman, and Curators, Mr. H. Brehme and Mr. Bischoff. Wo. H. BROADWELL, Sec. pro tome. At the January meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social, held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 So. 13th St., eleven persons were present. This being the annual meeting of the society, the President delivered his address, reviewing the progress of the society and dwelling on the good fellowship existing among the members. Mr. P. Laurent exhibited specimens of a dipteron which he had found at Silver Lake, Wasatch Mts., Utah. Mr. Johnson identified these as belonging to the genus Chzronomus, and spoke on habits of certain species of that genus. In one instance, at Palatka, Florida, a species was so abundant as to completely cover the fence-posts. Mr. Laurent also exhibited two specimens of Soronda ulket, taken under fresh chips of wood at Westville, N. J., on May 4th. It isa rare coleopteron in this locality. Some lumber bored by the larva of AYylotrupes bajulus was also shown. : Mr. Bland recorded the capture of Apion puritana Fall, in large numbers in May at Westville, N. J. Mr. H. Wenzel described collecting in swamps along the New Jersey coast. In such places sifting gives good results for many beetles. On Dec. 14th last he had visited a swamp surrounded by high trees and screened from the sun. Here he had found numbers of species not before met with by him, the coleopter- ous fauna seemng to differ almost entirely from the more open - swamps only a short distance beyond. ‘This difference in the faunze seemed to hold true of all open and closed swamps visited. 4I2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, Mr. Bland spoke of the abundance of coleoptera in newly- mown hay which had lain on the ground over night, especially Atomaria and small Staphylinide. Mr. Laurent referred to Prof. Smith’s remarks, at the last meeting, on the peculiar faunze of the various canons in the Southwest, and stated that he had found similar conditions existing in the canons of Wasatch Mts., Utah. rhesus . ** upperside. Fig. 20. 4! tf ig ‘* underside. Fig. 21. y nemorum Boisduval —<2er- Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. I HAVE taken today (February 28th) a specimen of Lycena sonorensis, which I think is worthy of mention. On the right side the wings are of a first-class <', a brighter blue, smaller orange spot, less black markings, and no sign of orange on hind wings. The left side is of an extra fine 9, each side representing a different sex so perfectly that I cannot tell which is the better half. Under the glass the body looks more like aj. I watched the specimen some time before taking it, thinking it was de- positing eggs, but think now I was mistaken in that. Expanse one inch,-—-C, W. Herr, Pasadena, Cal. I wouLp like to record the capture, by Mr. A. Ronke, in this city, last July, of a beautiful aberration of Papilio turnus 3. This specimen agrees in the main with the one recorded by Dr. James Fletcher, an illustration and description of upper side being given in Can. Ent., Vol. xxi, p. 204, 1889. The specimen is in fresh condition, but the right fore wing is damaged by not having fully expanded along inner margin. In compara- son with Dr. Fletcher’s record, some minor differences are apparent, as. follows : On upper side of fore wings the yellow oblong patch inside end of cell is only about one-half as wide. Five faint, small patches of yellow scales along outer margin, from apex to space between second and third median neruvles, is all that represents the distinct marginal rows of spots. shown in Dr. Fletcher’s illustration. Hind wings, above, lack the black patch inside end of cell, and the only indication of a red cloud or patch, is that of the eye-spot at anal angle, which is distinct and normal. Beneath, the black suffusion covers the same space as on upperside of both fore and hind wings. At outer margin of fore wings an indistiuct yellowish suffused band, broadest at apex, replaces the usual spots of P. turnus SY, but on hind wings the normal spots are present, except that the usual patches of reddish orange scales inward from the broad mar- . ginal band are placed by the black suffusion. The colors of this insect are bright and contrast strongly, and the markings are symmetrical. I have never seen the same bright velvety black in P. g/aucus 2, even in 482 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, freshly emerged specimens that I have bred. I think this extreme form of P. turnus 3 should have a distinctive name, and Dr. Fletcher having, so far as I am able to ascertain, first brought it to the notice of the ento- mological world, I propose that it be known as /apilio turnus ab. fletcheri. In view of the different opinions of authorities recorded at various times, as to the advisability, or otherwise, of naming varieties and aberrations, it is more than probable that some will not be in accord with me. With due respect for the opinions of all others, I think that all will agree that it will be something new to science when all authorities, pro- fessors and others interested in Entomology become of one mind on this subject.—S. T. Kemp, Elizabeth, N. J., March 16, 1900. =0r Doings of Societies. A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held March 22nd, Mr. Philip Laurent, Director, in the chair, twelve persons being present. The Secretary announced the death of Mr. Andrew Bolter, a correspondent of the American Entomological Society, who was elected August 14, 1865, and died March 18. Dr. Calvert said the collection of Odonata gathered in Bolivia by Mr. W. G. Gerhard and purchased from Mr. A. S. Weeks, was particularly welcome and interesting. ‘The genus Thore was well represented in species, many of them being new to the col- lection. Dr. Skinner exhibited examples of the three-color process of illustrating insects and explained the method of producing them. The same speaker exhibited the coleoptera he had collected in Colorado and Utah. Mr. Liebeck spoke of the species of interest in the collection, specially mentioning Gaurotes cressoni, Corymbites morulus and brewert, Cincindela longilabris var. laurentii, Saxinis (represented by Saucia) was said to be subtropical in distribution. ‘Three species of Acmaodera were taken, ornata, variegata and pulchella, Lep- /ura aspera is a Northwestern species. A tenebrionid, Caoc- nemis dilaticollis, was considerably out of its ordinary range, being a California species. A specimen of Tomoptera edusa var. lunata was exhibited by Mr. Laurent which had been accidentally denuded of most of its scales in a symmetrical manner. Mr. W. R. Reinick was_ elected a member. Dr. HenRY SKINNER, Xecorder. lr,” 1 Taal Oe ae 1900] _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 483 “A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held Feb. 22d. Dr. P. P. Calvert, president, in the chair, ten per- sons present. Dr. Calvert called attention to a publication, by Kruger, on ‘‘ Insect Wanderings Into Germany and America.” ‘The preface was read and also extracts from the body of the work. Dr. Skinner exhibited specimens of A7gynnis nitocris cwrulescers, recently described by Dr. Holland. This is a variety of the female, the males being identical. Dr. Smith made an examination of the gentalia of zz¢ocr7s from Arizona, and one of the specimens he had received from Dr. Holland, which came from Mexico, and pronounced them different. Dr. Skinner also stated that he had found considerable variation in the same species of Visontades. Mr. Laurent said he had found much variation in these characters in Pamphila peckius. Mr. Reinick stated that he had found much variation in Lachno- sterna, and many specimens could not be placed at all. Dr. Calvert stated that organs that are much used are likely to vary, and that in the Odonata these characters were not con- sidered as valuable for specific separations:as formerly. Dr.. HENRY SKINNER, Secretary. At the March meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social, held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 South Thirteenth street, thirteen members were present. A letter from E. Lewis Reene, regarding collecting in Central America, was read. Prof. J. B. Smith gave a resume of the genera and species in the former and coming editions of the /nsects of New Jersey. In the Hymenoptera the greatest increase was shown, 645 species having been added to the number in the earlier list. The value of structural differences in the definition of genera was discussed by Messrs. Smith and H. Wenzel. Dr. H. Skinner stated that he is opposed to the wholesale making of genera which had been carried on of late. He re- ferred to the careless way in which genera have been described ‘and said a comparison with the fanua of the world should be made before launching forth so-called new genera. Prof. Smith referred to the difficulties in the way of system- 484 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, atists in attempting to make a comparison with exotic forms. Collections of foreign insects are scarce and not very complete in America, which makes comparisons almost impossible. He did not agree with Dr. Skinner that a genus should have a certain number of species, as many valid genera are founded on single species. Dr. Skinner believed that too many genera lessened the utility of classification, and the nearer we approach to specific names, which is done by division of species into genera, the nearer we come to doing away with the binomial system, as in the future specific names alone would be sufficient. Mr. Johnson staied that as the work of classification in the various orders is carried on in different lines he did not believe the work done in the Diptera would have any bearing on that in other orders. : Dr. Skinner referred to the use of the costal fold as a generic distinction in the Hesperidze, and stated that if this character- istic is used he believed all with it should go in one genus and © those without it in another, instead of erecting many genera with and without this fold. Prof. Smith said this characteristic is a sexual one, and that no genus should be founded without knowing the characters of both sexes. The subject was further discussed by Messrs. Johnson and Smith. | Mr. H. W. Wenzel gave the results of collecting from a dead tree trunk at Merchantville, N. J. Specimens of Batrisus glo- bosus and /schalia costata, had been found. WILLIAM J. Fox, Secretary. OBITUARY. It is with sorrow and regret that we announce the death of Mrs. Louise Fitz Randolph Gilbert, of Plainfield, N. J. Mrs. Gilbert was interested in the Lepidoptera, and had an excel- lent collection. Having congenial tastes, Mrs, Gilbert and Mrs. F. O. Herring worked together in natural history. The deceased was an intellectual and charming woman, and her loss is keenly felt by a large circle of friends, Nd ‘ODVWI ‘VOILSNY 3ouWdOLOUd ‘IX ‘OA ‘SSMAN “ING Ent. News, Vol. XI. PROTOPARCE RUSTICA, LARVA AND PUPA. PUSEL ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS D PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. Os, Ds JUNE, 1900. No. 6. CONTENTS: Smyth—Larval Stage of Protoparce Coquillet—New Scenopinide......... 500 SUP CRE AWE oi ss oid ns v0 odsg S80 cereale 485 | Osborn—A Neglected Platymetopius.. 501 Snow and Mills—Destructive Diplosis Skinner & Satterthwait—Tineid Larva 502 of the Monterey Pine.............. 489. | Editorial’... 5. ccccce tens ccssccsesese se 504 Oslar—Habits and Capture of Agiale 495 | Entomological Literature............. 505 Ehrman—Capture of Platynus cauda- Notes and NewS........sccccescccceees 509 tus Lec., and Platynus larvalis Lec 499 | Doings of Societies..........+-..+-e00- 512 The Larval Stage of Protoparce rustica Fabr. By Exuison A. Smyvru, Jr., Blacksburg, Va. Although Protoparce rustica is well known in the moth state, - there has been, so far as I can ascertain, no figure or descrip- tion of the larva, since the fairly good figure and meagre description given by Abbott in Vol. I, pl. 34 of ‘‘Abbott & Smith’s Lep., Georgia.’’ Prof. John B. Smith, in his mono- graph of the Sphingidz, makes a similar statement, adding _that Burmeister gives a brief original description from Brazilian specimens. Duncan’s description and plate in Naturalists’ Library, Vol. III, Clemen’s description, and all others that I know of are copied from Abbott & Smith’s plate. This is my apology for presenting, through the kind medium of the ‘‘ News, ’’ the figures of three stages of the larva, with descriptions of the larva and egg. Several times in the farther South I have found the mature larva of rustica, but last Sum- mer a number were obtained here, in Montgomery Co., Va., and from these the water-color sketches were made by the author, from which sketches the plate here given has been prepared, showing the larva in three stages, andthe pupa. Fig. 6 486 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, A, larva half grown before last moult; fig. B, full grown after last moult ; fig. C, full grown, two days before pupation ; and fig. D, pupa. The larva found last Summer, several of which were full grown and a number about half grown, were taken feeding on common sunflower (//elianthus annuus). ‘The older speci- mens ate the coarse leaves down to the leaf stalk, leaving only short portions of the coarser veins. ‘They seemed’to feed at all hours of the day, when well grown their weight causes them to hang back downward from the leaves; the approxi- mation of the ends of the oblique lateral stripes on the central dorsal line was very protective in pattern, and the first were found only by their excreta, tho’ I must have passed daily so close under them as to almost brush them with my head, the sunflower on which they were feeding being just at the en- trance of my garden gate. After careful search I found one egg, which failed to hatch. It was laid on the upper side of a sunflower leaf, was four millemetres in lateral diameter, ver- tical diameter a little less, being a flattened hemisphere in shape, somewhat rounded underneath, depressed slightly above in centre, and was of a clear transparent yellow-green. The full grown larva, in the height of its developement after last moult, is five and a half inches long when fully extended, depth, dorso-ventrally, five-eights of an inch. Head rounded; dark clear green; two clear blue stripes from summit of centre of head in front diagonally down to basal outer corners of head. First three segments yellowish green, lighter above, with two dorso-lateral lines composed of whitish yellow tubercles tipped with brown; these extend to beginning of fourth segment. A dorsal greenish blue-white line along centre of first four seg- ments. Remaining segment shade from light pea-green (after quite yellow) down to dark clear blue-green below. From the - line marking the beginning of the fourth segment and from a point opposite the stigma of that segment, an oblique yellow- white band, sharply cut, runs to near the top and rear of fourth segment, continued on over fifth segment, and ending in center of top of sixth, where it becomes nearly parallel with its fellow from the other side; after entering fifth segment this . 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 487 band changes to pinkish white, fainter on top of sixth; on its whole length it is sharply faced above with dark blue-purple (varying in some specimens to blue-brown) which fades into the light white-green of dorsum. ‘The remaining six lateral oblique lines, are, mutatis mutandis, similarly arranged, only that the yellow band is brighter and wider and the dark facing above is more distinctly red-purple, than in the first line. The last of these lateral oblique bands, the seventh, ends at the base of the caudal horn, into the under portion of which the yellow band fades. Between and under each of these seven lateral bands, starting at beginning and near top of the last segment which each band covers, is a greenish parallel line converging with its fellow from the other side on the dorsum. Caudal horn clear yellow-green covered with yellow dark- tipped granulations. Anal lap edged with clear yellow-green. The oval stigmata whitish buff, thinly edged with black, with black central line. Rim of prolegs yellow, hooks black. True legs buff, black jointed. A central greenish blue interrupted dorsal line for whole length of body. The half-grown larve are of a clearer yellow above the rose-colored oblique lateral bands and abruptly blue-green below the whitish yellow underfacing of same. ‘These lines appear distinctly elevated, like ridges, up to the last moult. Several days before pupation, the blue-green of the body becomes a yellow-green and all the colors and markings less distinct, the purple of the lateral stripes becoming a dirty green- blue, and fading into colors above it, not sharply cut as in earlier stage, and the larva becomes much stouter and some- what shorter. My larvee descended to the bottom of an 8 inch layer of sifted earth in the cage, each making a compact broadly elliptical cell, about four by two and one-half inches; the earth in the cell-wall being so firmly pressed together that the cell retained nearly its whole shape when the earth was turned out of the jars. The pupze that I obtained varied from two and 7-10 inches to three inches in length, and from 7-10 to 34 inches in greatest diameter (at far end of wing). ‘The ‘‘ tongue case’’ is very 488 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, stout, with a pear-shaped swelling at the free end, which presses against the median ventral line about 54 of an inch from anterior extremity of pupze, being much shorter and stouter actually and in proportion to that of either carolina or celeus. Along its sides, the ‘‘tongue case’’ is coarsely and deeply marked with alternate, sharp file-like elevations and depressions. The color is shining black-brown. — Abbott gives the food plants as chionanthus, privet, and lilac, all of the olive family. I have twice found the full- grown larva on heliotrope, one of the Borraginaceze, and have good evidence that they feed also on the crape myrtle (Lager- stremia, one of the Lythraceze), and, as above stated, have taken in numbers, from the egg up to full-grown larva, on Flelianthus annuus, thus giving it a wide range of food plants. The moth is not uncommon here, and is often taken at dusk on honeysuckle; though it is by no means abundant. It comes also to light, and I have taken fine specimens in my hall-way, attracted by the electric light. In South Carolina I have taken it abundantly on blossoms of ‘‘ jimson weed’’ ( Datura stram- onium). On the wing, it is readily distinguishable from P?. celeus by its larger size and more stately movements, lacking the quick, restless, darting flight of ce/euws; while the readily discernable white spaces aud maculations as well as its larger size, distinguished it easily from the more uniformly colored and smaller P. carolina, which resembles it more in manner of flight. or A $40-DOLLAR BuTTERFLY.—Entomologists went to Convent Garden from all parts of the country, says the London G/obe, when the celebrated collection of butterflies and moths made by the late Samuel Stevens, F.L.S., F. E. S., was sold by his nephew, the well-known auctioneer. Mr. Stevens had continued his work of collecting, breeding and buying for sixty years, and many specimens are already historic, having come from other noted collections. The prices established a record, The “large copper”’ butterfly, long since become extinct, always attracts bidders, but 48, given for an exceptionally fine male, creates a record, and even for one of the females £6 5s. was bid. A specimen of the common “ painted lady’’ also fetched £8; while another of the same species cost its buyer £6 10s. A handsome ‘red admiral,’’ which is perhaps nearly as often seen as the ‘‘small tortoiseshell,’’ was sold for 45 10s., while a “ pea- cock’’ with twenty eyes on its wings went for £5. 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 489 The Destructive Diplosis of the Monterey Pine. By W. A. Snow and HELEN Mitts, Stanford University, California. PREFATORY NoteE—While the late W. A. Snow was en- gaged as assistant and instructor in entomology at Stanford Uni- versity, he discovered and began the careful study of a new species of Dzplosis which was vigorously attacking the Mon- terey Pines growing on the campus and in the neighborhood of the University. The Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata Don. and the Monterey Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw.) are the conifers most abundantly used as ornamental trees in the grounds and parks of the residents of the San Francisco peninsula. The new JD7flosis is the most formidable pest which the Monterey Pine has to struggle against, and it is still a question, despite the beneficial activity of certain para- sites of the midge, whether the pest may not succeed in killing many of the splendid trees of the region. The pest is ex- tremely abundant, thousands of trees being attacked, and most of the infested trees harboring myriads of the insects. Mr. Snow began his observations in November, 1897, and continued them until March, 1899. Since that time Miss Helen Mills, student in the department, has continued the. study of the pest. Mr. Snow’s long-continued careful obser- vation and study of the insect, resulted in the nearly complete working out of its extremely interesting life history. With characteristic thoroughness Mr. Snow extended his work to include a valuable compilation of facts regarding the already known pine midges of this country and Europe. He also interested a botanist, Mr. Cannon, assistant in the University, in the character of the deformation of the plant tissue, and a careful study was made by Mr. Cannon of the pathologic phenomena in the growing buds and needles due to the pres- ence of the irritating and food taking pest (an account published elsewhere). Mr. Snow’s sad death (by drowning in San Francisco Bay, Oct. 10, 1899) leaves unpublished any reference at all to this last undertaking in his career as a student of entomology. In fairness to his memory and in fair- 490 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ness to entomologists there should be published some adequate account of this last investigation. But the editing of the mass of notes at hand is a task Iam, at present, unable to under- take. The best I can do is to offer this briefest abstract of the life history of the new pest together with a description of it, re- vised by Dr. S. W. Williston. In making this abstract Miss Mill’s notes have been also referred to, and the drawings were made by her.—VERNON L. KELLOGG. In the fall of 1896 certain of the Montery Pines (Pinus rad- zata Don.) on the campus at Stanford were noticed to have their needles shortened and swollen at the base. The injury appeared to be such as might have come about through a sudden retarding of the growth of the needles. In the Autumn of 1897 the injury to the pines was widespread and very noticeable. Examination of the stunted and swollen needles revealed Cecidomid larvee lying at the bases of these needles, and the injury was definitely traced to them. The first adults were obtained in the laboratory Jan. 12, 1898, from affected branches _ brought to the laboratory a month before. The adults were found to be an undescribed species of Dzp/osts related to the already known half dozen species of Dzflosts known to attack the pine trees of Europe and America. The eggs (fig. 1, e) are smooth and elliptical, and light yellow in color changing to orange-yellow as the embryo de- velopes within. ‘The female moves about over a terminal bud attempting at intervals to thrust her long flexible ovipositor in between the scales. When successful she deposits from 2 to 24 eggs in mass, ‘The ovipositor is sometimes bent like a bow by the efforts of the insect to force apart the scales of the buds. Not infrequently females would be found caught and held by the pressure of the scales on the ovipositor. The egg stage is about two weeks, ‘The female dies soon after oviposition. The larve (fig. 1, 1) immediately after issuing from the eggs make their way into the basal part of the bud and remain in there. ‘The body is broadly elliptical and reddish yellow in color and when full grown is from 1 mm, to 1.5 mm, long. The breastbone (fig. 1, b, b), well chitinized in the older 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 491 stages, is not visible in newly-hatched specimens. None of the abdominal segments bear nipple-like spiracles. ‘The skin is covered with fine spinules. When ready to pupate the larva usually spins a thin oval cocoon. Sometimes it does not. The larvee pupate within the deformed buds. The duration of the larval stage is ten or eleven months. The pupe (fig. 1, p) are of the same general color as the larvee, the thoracic region of the body being darker. The body is covered with cuticular spinules as in the larva. The breathing-tubes are non-segmented and are slightly folded over atthe top. The duration of the pupal stage is three or four weeks. Adult. Diplosis pini-radiate n. sp. Male (fig. 2). —Antennz slender, a little shorter than the body, yellow or brownish yellow, the basal and terminal joint darker ; basal joint large ; second joint smaller, more globular, sessile ; remainder of antennz with twenty-four spheroidal dilatations, the terminal one more conical, and with a suture separating the minute terminal joint ; petioles slender, about as long as the dilatations proximally, proportionally a little longer distally ; the swellings decrease in size uniformly and gently, each with a verticil of black hair and a circle of shorter, yellowish looped filiments more dis- tally. Head deep brown or black. Mesonotum dark reddish brown or blackish, somewhat whitish pruinose, and with three rows of dusky hairs. Pleurze above, and the scutellum reddish. Abdomen obscurely reddish brown or black, with rather long, blackish hairs. Legs yellow or yel- lowish, with close-lying, for the most part, black hairs, and longer, chiefly white hairs, especially upon the tibiz and tarsi ; tip of tibize and tarsi usually brownish. Wings greyish hyaline, with blackish hairs along the costa, and a fringe of longer dark hairs along the posterior margin. The first vein terminates near the middle, the third at the extreme tip of the wing, the latter strongly convex ; origin of third vein indistinct ; wings rather slender. Female (fig. 3.).—Basal joints of antennz as in the male, the twelve dila- tations are more elongate cylindrical, the petioles much shorter; the dilatations are more slender distally and show here slight constrictions. Mesonotum usually less deeply colored, the upper part of the pleurze and the scutellum yellow or yellowish. Abdomen red, the basal segments above obscurely marked with brown or black hair, loose, abundant and long ; Ovipositor usually protruding about .as far as the length of the body. Five males and five females, No. 232, Leland Standford University, June, 1899. 492 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, There seems to be but one generation a year. Adults begin to issue about the middle of January and continue to appear until the first of March. Egg-laying proceeds all through this time, and old larvae and pupz may also be found all through this period (no larvee towards the end of the period). The eggs hatch in about two weeks and these larve lie in the bases of the fascicles of needles all through the Summer and Autumn and early Winter not pupating until December. The adults issue in a few weeks and the life cycle is rebegun. The character and extent of the injury caused by the insect make of it a serious pest. The number of larve lying in the bases of the fascicles is sufficient to completely stunt and de- form all the needles of the fascicle. On a single tree three- fourths of the fascicles may be thus injured. This practical denudation of the tree may be repeated several times. It is simply a matter of how many such denudations the tree can withstand. Plate XII, made from a photograph of an unat- tacked branch and a seriously attacked branch, shows better than words can explain the effective character of the pest’s injuries. Fortunately several natural enemies of the pest are at work, and in many places have done much to dissipate the threatened danger. /olygonotus diplosidis, previously found as a parasite of Diplosis pini-inopis O. S. (scrub-pine in New Jersey), anda mite very like Pediculoides ventricosus (referred to by Marlatt as an efficient agent in the destruction of the eggs of Cicada), are both doing good work. ‘The mite feeds on eggs, larvee and pupze indiscriminately. It attaches itself by its mouth-parts and forelegs to a larva and clings to it until the death of the larva. The usual predaceous insects, such as the larvee of Hemerobius and Chrysopa, the larvee and adults of sev- eral Coccinellids and the nymphs of certain Reduviidee are all to be found on the pines and probably help in fighting the pest. The Ruby-crowned Kinglet has been observed to eat many of the midges. The birds pick off the females while they are on the buds ovipositing. The pest is not confined to the Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata), but has been taken from the following species of Pinus : tudber- Ent. News, Vol. XI. RY PT, ¢ : D, FLoris PIN! RADIATA. €&, EGGs. 1, LARVA. 8B, BREST-BONE. M, LARVAL MOUTH-PARTS. P, PuPA. A, MONTEREY PINE, NORMAL. B, MONTEREY PINE, INJURED. 1900 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 493 culata, muricata, sabiniana, coulteri and sylvestris. Pinus sylves- tris is an European species and is attacked in Europe by three species of Diplosis, viz., D. Pint, brachyntera and signata. But all of these pines are attacked but slightly compared with radi- ata. As regards the geographical distribution of the pest, it has been found abundantly at Stanford University, at Menlo Park (a village only two miles away), and in small numbers at a number of other places on the San Francisco peninsula and in the Santa Clara valley. But its center of distribution is evi- dently the extensive groves of Monterey Pine on the Stanford ranch (University campus) and neighboring extensive grounds of the residents of Menlo Park. In the Golden Gate Park at San Francisco apparently the same species of Dzp/osis was found in February and March, 1897. Many specimens of eggs, larvee, pupze and adults were obtained and examined but, strangely, there was no shorten- ing or swelling of the needles’of the attacked fascicles, although the needles turned yellow. ‘The larvee were situated always near the base of the needles. ‘The characteristic deformation of the needles on the affected trees at Stanford was always present whatever the species of pine. But here in Golden Gate Park, 35 miles distant from Stanford, the Monterey Pines, although attacked by apparently the same pest, do not show the deformation. [One of Mr. Snow’s notes touching the identity of the flies from the two places is: ‘*March 2; Golden Gate Park flies issuing in laboratory ; they look for all the world like our Déf/oszs here. Don’t understand this. ] There are several species of Dzplosis which attack the needles of various species of pine in this country and Europe. These are Diplosis brachyntera, D. signata and D. pint on the European Pinus sylvestris; D. pini-inopis on the Jersey or scrub pine, Pinus inopis,;, D. brachynteroides, also on P. inopis, and D. pini-rigide on the American pitch pine, P. rigida. Diplosis pint differs from our Monterey Pine species in that the larva bears upon its back two rows of setiferous fleshy proc- esses orcaruncles. They do not cause gall-like swellings at the ‘bases of the needles. The joints of the male antennz are double and the ovipositor of the female is short. ‘This Euro- 494 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, pean species and another, Diplosis pini-maritime, and the American Diplosis pini-inopis Osten Sacken (which that author says may be the same as D. pinz), pupate out upon the needles in a resinous cocoon. ‘The Montery Pine fly never pupates out upon the needles and its cocoon is made of the fibres and is spun by the insect. Diplosis brachyntera of Europe has upon the,back of its larva ‘‘ Dornwarzchen”’ or thorn papilla. The larva live be- tween the needles which are stunted but not swollen at their base, and pupation takes place in the ground. In these points it differs from the present insect. Diplosis brachynteroides O. S. is described only from the deformations produced by the larvee which, though on the east- ern scrub pine, are similar to those on the Monterey Pine, except that the needles strongly diverge, which they are not caused to do in the present case. To his rather inadequate description Osten Sacken adds the supposition that the larvze pupate in the ground, since he saw some individuals caught in. a spiders’ web apparently as they journeyed toward the ground. The European Dizflosis signata is distinctly different from our species, and it will be sufficient to say that the antennze of the male are composed of alternate single and double joints. Dr. Packard’s description of his Dzplosi pini-rigide from the pitch pine of the Northeastern States is drawn very vaguely, but it undoubtedly strongly resembles the present species. The | chief differences are apparently as follows: In Packard’s species the larve lie between the two inner needles of the whirl while the third or outer needle is frequently not swollen. The larvz ascend to the terminal buds before pupation and there construct a cocoon of the pitch which exudes from these buds. ‘‘ His statement that there are two broods may be disputed, I believe. In his description he has mistaken the origin of the third vein for the cross vein.’’—(SNow. ) ——, Mr. H. K. Burrison will go to the Yellowstone Park this Summer to collect. He states that he was compelled to pay duty recently on some butterflies and the New York Custom House classified them as ‘‘a non- enumerated manufactured article’’ and asked twenty per cent duty but finally accepted ten per cent, baa RLY 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 495 Some Notes on the Habits and Capture of Aegiale - streckeri Skinner.* By Ernest J. OsLAR, Denver, Colorado. Owing to very little being known of the habits of this inter- esting and beautiful species of -7gza/e and of its rarity in col- lections, I thought it would be of interest to readers of ENTo- MOLOGICAL NEws to give a few facts in regard to its character- istics and environments, which the writer had the pleasure of observing in the past season during a three months collecting tour in the southwest corner of Colorado. I found it extremely difficult of approach and capture, in fact, it was without exception the most difficult of all diurnals that it has ever been my lot to tackle. I found it an utter impossibility to capture it in the hot mid-day sunshine, owing to its continuous very swift flight, circling around a large area, which it seemed to delight in keeping up for hours, pausing for a few seconds once in a great while to rest on a rock, and before one could get within striking distance it would shoot up again like a sky-rocket, emitting a peculiar snapping-like sound similar to a large species of black underwing grasshopper that is found throughout the the Rocky Mountain region. Another difficulty attending its capture was the rough nature of the locality in which it made its haunts, being on the slope of a steep foothill, covered with small rocks and boulders, cacti, yuccee and sage brush, that led up to the top of what is called the Florida Mesa, situated twenty miles east of Durango, Colo- rado. By exercising a little patience and keeping myself out of sight in the shade of a large sage brush, from which I could observe their movements, I was rewarded by the discovery of two important facts, which materially aided me in making their capture. The first thing that attracted my attention was, that only the males were on the wing during the hot sunshine, and the females remained concealed in the shade, settled with closed wings on the main stem of the sage brush during the day, and only flew when disturbed, and then only to a short distance to alight on another sage brush. * See Ent. News, Vol. xi, oi: 2, Fig. 27. 496 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, To capture them in that position was an impossibility, for not only did you run the risk of ripping your net all to pieces, but loosing your quarry in the bargain. ; I had been told by a celebrated collector, who has made annual trips to this State for a number of years, that he had once taken A. yucce, var. coloradensis, without any trouble, by getting up in the early morning before sunrise, when he found them clinging to the stem of the yucce asleep; all he had to do was to pick them off with his finger and thumb and put them in his killing bottle. Profiting by such information, I undertook to try it myself, so taking blankets and supplies along I camped on the spot for three days and nights, where I had previously located strecker7. I may add, right here, the scheme did not work at all in this instance, but I was rewarded for my trouble in another unex- pected way. What I did discover, however, proved conclusively that 4. streckeri in habits is as much a moth as a butterfly. While sitting quietly by my camp-fire waiting for water to boil to make coffee, the sun having not long gone over the La Plata range in the dim distance, my attention was drawn by a loud humming sound that seemed to come from all around me. Upon investigation, to my great astonishment, I saw numbers of 9° strekeri flitting in and out and among the sage brush and yuccze, each bent upon seeking a suitable yuccze plant to deposit her eggs on. Even at this late hour of the day I found them very alert and wary, and they seemed readily able to detect my presence and avoid me whenever I attempted a move to make a capture. I found the most successful modus operandi to adopt to effect their capture was to follow one cautiously as it flitted from one yuccze plant to another and get up to it as near as possible so as to be within striking distance the moment it paused on the spine of a yuccze to deposit its egg. During the process of egg laying its wings still continued to be in motion similar to a hawk moth, and it took but a few seconds to deposit its single egg. It would then detach itself suddenly from the yuccee with a snapping sound and continue its search for another suitable sab rc ela - A ie fond ee eT eee, RN Oe, CRN ~ POs, eae oe aia aie aan wens Ro al a a ad at ath 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 497 yuccze and which it seemed to be very particular and fastidious in choosing. I noticed it always selected a small and young plant that grew apart by itself from the larger groups or clumps of yucce. I may add, I continued to hunt and capture specimens until it became too dark to see them, but long after I had returned to camp I could hear them humming around me, proving, beyond doubt, they are as much nocturnal as diurnal in their habits. I first discovered strekeri on May 27, 1899, but it was evident they had been out some time prior to that date, the first lot taken being all more or less battered and worn, but the second time I visited the spot, which was a week later, a fresh crop of perfect specimens was then just out. I continued the visits weekly till first week in July ; by that time all had disappeared. I found it difficult to secure perfect specimens after netting them, as once in the net they made a tremendous fight for liberty. In bottling them in the ordinary way while in the net, the method applied to all the Hesperidz, I found useless, as by the time the cyanide had taken effect the specimen was worthless. After experimenting with a number of things for quick killing, I found the most effectual and the method giving the hest results, was to have in readiness a small glass syringe charged with sul- phuric ether. By cornering the specimen as quickly as pos- sible the syringe could be used, which instantly gave the speci- men its quietus ; a strongly charged cyanide bottle did the rest. It was by accident I came across A. streckeri, the first speci- men I secured had been run over by a buggy and was a 9, it had evidently strayed away from its haunts, for it was five miles away from where I afterwards found them in quantities, and only at the one spot. After sending it on to Dr. Skinner for identification, he wrote me, ‘‘I had struck a mighty good thing, and that very few collectors had strecker7 in their col- lections, and only one ? was in any collection.’’ Such a statement practically proves that A. streckeri is noc- turnal, at least the females are. I never took or sawa male in the evening, and no one I presume ever thought of looking for the species in the evening, hence this accounts for the fact that 498 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, only one female had been taken. In my case, the greater number of specimens I took and saw were females. ‘This is another illustration and proof that clinches the saying, ‘‘ that nothing is rare when you know when and where to find it.’’ The species of the genus giale are, without doubt, ex- tremely local, which certainly cannot be accounted for by lack of food plant, as the soap weed or yucce is to be seen in quan- tities throughout this State, yet it is only in widely separated spots that the genus gzale occurs. WE have recently had a pleasant visit from Mr. August Busch of The U.S. Dept. Agric. who was studying specimens in the Coll. of the Amer- ican Entomological Society. Pror. W. G. JouHnson, of College Park, Md., states that his article in the May NEws on certain mites did not appear in print coincidentally with the mites. The mites are expected to reappear about June g, 1900. Those wishing specimens of the mites will please take notice. Bucs CALLED OuT FIREMEN.—A cloud of bugs was responsible for the calling out of the Trenton, N. J., Fire Department last night (May 1st). The bugs were gathered around the steeple of the Fourth Presby- terian Church in such numbers and at such a distance from the ground that a passer-by mistook them for smoke and sent in an alarm. When the Fire Departmént arrived on the scene, Chief Allen, with the aid of a field glass, discovered the mistake, and the fire companies returned to their houses.—Philadelphia Record, May 3, 1900. IpentTITy OF Hlemaris tenuis and Hemaris diffinis. As soon as my Hemaris tenuis emerge, I shall be ready with my notes on the identity of tenuis and diffinis. Lam sure that fenuts, diffinis, uniformis, thysbe, are the same, in other words, that the Winter pupz, from mid-Summer larve give the even-margined, whitish yellow /enu7s and eggs of /enuts, give the late Spring and early Summer larve, which produce in July, difinzs in all gradations from whitish, even-margined /enuis to reddish yellow serrate diffinis, and also Strecker’s forms, ethra, These are my observations for three years, which I confidently expect to see verified finally by my concluding test of last Summer’s brood from eggs of typical difinis in numbers (seventy odd), which should produce ¢/enuis this Spring. This last test is simply to verify and check the same observations of two former seasons, only it has been made with scrupulous care. The Spring and late Summer larva show no differences in any particular, and the food plant is, of course, the same. TZyriosleum perfoliatum, one of. the Caprifoliaceaz.—E vison A. SmMytH, JR., Blacksburg, Va. 1900 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. , 499 The Capture of Platynus caudatus Lec., and Platy- nus larvalis Lec., in Western Pennsylvania. By GrorGE A. EHRMAN, Pittsburg, Pa. Dr. LeConte, in his Descriptions of New Species of North American Coleoptera, Pt. 1, published by the Smithsonian Institute, 1866, on page 7, describes Platynus caudatus, and he gives Western States as the habitat of this odd and rare beetle. Now what I would understand by this record would be that large expanse west of the Mississippi River. Or, if the student of geography wishes to restrict the area, those States west of the Rocky Mountains or great divide; but, be it what it will, I will leave it for the reader to decide, and if Dr. Leconte is correct in the habitat of this species it certainly has a wide area of distribution. In referring to the late Dr. John Hamilton’s catalogue of the Coleoptera of Southwestern Pennsylvania, page 350, the Doctor says: ‘‘One example, Jeannette, Pa.;’’ and again on. page 379 of the same work he gives it in these words: ‘‘One fine example of this rare species, etc., taken by Mr. H. Klages near Pittsburg.’’ In these two passages the Doctor is mistaken, as I captured this specimen in one of my favorite collecting grounds—Bird’s Hollow, near Pittsburg. In refer- ing to my note book of 1891 I find the following entry : ‘* Platynus sp? Taken ina moist stony depression on the east side of Bird’s Hollow. The specimen seems to be imma- ture, as it is very pale in color ‘and the least touch dents the elytra. The species is very active, more so than any other species that I have met with in life.’’ Furthermore, I brought the specimen home alive and kept it in captivity for four days, thinking that by age it would become darker and harder. In this supposition I was mistaken. I then put it in my cyanide jar, after which it was properly mounted with locality and date affixed. Not long after, I had an occasion to go to Allegheny and called to see Dr. Hamilton. I brought my doubtful Platynus with me and asked the Doc- tor for an explanation about the peculiarity of my odd Platynus. In looking it up the Doctor found that the species was lack- 500 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ing in his collection. 1 then donated this rare insect to the Doctor’s collection, as I knew he was working on a catalogue of the Coleoptera of Southwestern Pennsylvania. Before I left the Doctor’s home that evening I knew the name of the odd as well as rare Platynus and promised the gentleman that I would keep a look out for more. So far I have found no other, nor do I know of any other person taking it here, and it still remains the only specimen in the Hamilton collection, which is now in the Carnegie Museum. Platynus larvalis Leconte. During my collecting in Brown’s wood on July 31, 1899, I captured a fine specimen of this strange as well as rare beetle, and as far as the writer’s knowl- edge is concerned it is the first specimen taken in this part of Pennsylvania. This species in life is far less active than P. caudatus, and though bearing a superficial resemblance to it, is entirely distinct. The specimen was found in a dryer situation where the soil was composed of dry leaves and leaf mould. <0> or New Scenopinidae from the United States. By D. W. CoguiLLet, Washington, D. C. Our three genera separate as follows : 1. First posterior cell closed and petiolate, second submarginal cell at . least three times as long as distance between apices of third vein and of its anterior branch ; , . 2 First posterior cell open, second submarginal cell vee tian twice as long as distance, etc. . * : ; . Scenopinus Latr. 2. Body short and robust, bearing numerous scales (type Scenopinus bulbosus O. S.) ’ ‘ : : Metatrichia n. gen. Body elongate and slender, destituie of scales Pseudatrichia O. S. Psendatrichia unicolorn.sp. Black ; apices of knobs of halteres white, legs yellow ; apices of tarsi, of hind femora and both ends of hind tibize brownish ; front polished ; mesonotum opaque, with rather coarse reticula- tions ; abdomen opaque, the first, fifth and following segments polished ; wings hyaline ; veins brown, last two sections of third vein subequal in length ; costal and subcostal cells brown, an elongate yellowish spot between apices of auxiliary and of first veins ; length 6 mm. Las Vegas, N. Mex. (T. D. A. Cockerell, July 19), and Colorado, Two male specimens. Type No. 4711, U. S. National Museum. — * 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 501 Pseudatrichia griseola n. sp. Head yellow, opaque, gray, pruinose ; upper part of occiput and the antennz black ; proboscis and palpi yellow:; thorax black, opaque, densely gray pruinose ; the humeri and spots on the pleura yellow ; scutellum yellow, marked with a median brown vitta ; abdomen yellowish, subopaque ; knobs of halteres and the legs yellow- ish ; wings hyaline ; veins yéllow ; last section of third vein less than one- half as long as the preceding section ; length 3 to 4 mm. Mesilla, N. Mex. (T. D. A. Cockerell, May 25, 1897), and Los Angeles Co., Cal. A pair from the latter locality, cap- tured by the writer, were resting on the bare ground like a Thereva. 'Two males and one female. Type No. 4712, U.S. National Museum. A Neglected Platymetopius. By HERBERT OSBORN, Ohio State Univer., Columbus, O. Platymetopius hyalinus n. sp. Elytra hyaline with dark points and fuscous bands arranged, one sub- basal, one median and one sub-apical. Face bright sulphur yellow, vertex, pronotum, and scutellum yellow with some infuscation or greenish washes. Length 2 5.5 mm.; o' 4.25 mm. Vertex acute, nearly twice as long as width at base, slightly less acute and produced in male, anteriorly depressed and with a conspicuous median impressed line running from base to tip. Front narrow, clypeus widening to apex, lorz almost a half-circle, genze evenly rounded. Pro- thorax of usual form, sides short, posterior edge very slightly emarginate at center. Elytra hyaline, without veinlets or narrow lines, the nerves conspicuous, but one transverse vein between second and third sector. Color: vertex yellow, more or less infuscated, the females showing a yellow wedge anteriorly, the males with deeper infuscation but having a marginal and anterior median stripe lighter. Face clear yellow with a marginal fuscous line just beneath margin of vertex, the margin of cheeks becoming somewhat greenish. Prothorax greenish yellow with slight trace of fuscous anteriorly in Q and faint milky irrorations in <. Elytral nervures fulvous in 9, palerin(’. Three fairly distinct transverse bands of fuscous spots, one, midway on clavus and including first trans- verse vein consists of transverse fuscous spots behind which to tip, of cell is asmoky patch. The middle band includes a distinct black point at tip of clavus and on the nodal vein. The subapical band includes the ante- apical transverse veins, the inner and outer of which are black, the fuscous points appearing in outer and middle anteapical cells in proximal part of three apical cells, those in the outer and middle apical cells forming a broken circle. Pectus black with yellow borders on coxal and pleural pieces. Abdomen above black on disk in female, with yellow border and 6* as . a : ‘ 502 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, apex, in male black with marginal yellow spots. Beneath light yellow in female, black in male. Legs yellow with black points at base of spines. Genitalia: Female, last ventral segment very much produced, reaching nearly half the length of the pygofer, tapering to a rounded point. Pygofer broad with a black spot near apex and a few short yellow bristles. Ovipositor equalling pygofer, black, with pale tip. Male, valve triangular with an acute median tooth. Plates narrow elongate with the tips curving dorsad in two large hooks, which in normal position would be included between the edges of the pygofer. In all specimens in hand, however, the plates are bent backward on venter, exposing their inner face, and one specimen still in the position of com- plete coitus shows the plates caught upon the point of the greatly elong- ated female ventral segment and pushed over against the abdomen, In all specimens in hand it would appear that the position given the plates during copulation had been retained when the specimens were killed. Described from five females and four males collected in Washington, D. C., June, 1897, by Mr. J. S. Hine, who states that they were very abundant upon an introduced species of maple. It seems strange that the species should have been so long overlooked if a native form ; and, as suggested by Mr. Hine, it may be an introduced species brought with some of the-exotic plants. If soit would still seem to have escaped the vigilance of the descriptive entomologist, as it can not be referred to any described species. How a little Tineid Larva lives on what is left of a big Cecropia Caterpillar. By HENRY SKINNER and ALFRED F. SATTERTHWAIT. Mr. H. W. Wenzel, while looking for Pselaphidee and Scyd- menidz, can’t go by other natural history objects, as his is a case of atavism. His father and grandfather were naturalists, and he has two sons enthusiastically following in their father’s footsteps. While collecting these minute Coleoptera, he also collected for us a goodly number of cecropia cocoons, ‘These cocoons were sorted over and divided into the heavy ones and light weight ones. The heavy ones contained living cecropia chrysalids and Ophion macrurum cocoons, and the light ones larva killed by fungi, dipterous and hymenopterous parasites or by other causes. We were surprised to find in the inner 1900 ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 503 cocoon of one of these light weight ones about tem cocoons of a Tineid. The cecropia cocoon was a fresh one and evidently spun last fall along with the other cocoons, which have since disclosed imagos of cecropia. It contained a dead cecropia larva on which the Tineid caterpillars had fed. It was covered with silk and frass from the little micros. The little female Tineid was evidently able to tell that the _ big cocoon contained a dead giant on which her progeny could live and flourish, so she deposited her eggs at the small end of the cecropia cocoon and the little caterpillars on hatching either worked their way through the loose strands of silk at this place or else actually ate their way to the dead cecropza larva. After becoming full grown some of the Tineid larvee ate their way through the inner cocoon and spun up between the inner and outer cocoons of the cecropia. Several also perforated the outer cocoon evidently for the purpose of making an exit for the imagos of the Tineid. We reared a number of the little moth and sent one to Dr. W. G. Dietz who pronounced it to be Tinea fuscipunctela Haw. We also found another cecropia cocoon that had several of the micro cocoons in the dead pupa. a > SYNCHLOE LACINIA.—The larve of this species are very common in the Mesilla Valley, New Mexico, on Helianthus annuus, For a long time I thought they would live on no other plant, but on Aug. 15, 1897, I found them on Helianthus cilialis, and also a few on Xanthium canadense. On Aug. 23 of the same year, at Mesilla, I found a few larve on Polypteris hookeriana. The species, therefore, has four known food-plants, all composite. The image is preyed upon by the bug Phymata fasciata. Another sunflower insect, the beetle Copturodes cockerelli Casey, was found to occur also on Xanthium canadense at Mesilla.—T. D. A. COCKERELL. THE UNIVERsITy oF ILLINoIs has fallen heir to the Bolter collection of insects, numbering approximately fifteen thousand species, represented by about seventy thousand specimens, besides thirty thousand duplicates not in the systematic collection. This collection, accumulated during the last fifty years by the late Andreas Bolter, a business man of Chicago, is remarkable for the excellence of the material and for the excellent care with which it has been prepared and arranged. It represents all orders of insects and North America in general, and contains also a considerable amount of exotic material. The gift was made by the executors of Mr. Bolter, in accordance with the terms of his will, conditional upon its maintenance as a unit, under the name of the ‘‘ Bolter Collection of In- sects,” in a fire-proof building. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] ; To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy ”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1900. The collecting season is now well inaugurated and a few words on the proper methods of work may not be amiss. In- stead of collecting for the pleasure of seeing your captures neatly arranged in rows in the cabinet, take up some problem in entomology and study it toa conclusion. ‘There are many of our common species about which we know nothing of their earlier stages, and those persons living in the country could do excellent scientific work by studying.and describing them. If each person would take up a season’s work of this kind the aggregate at the end of the Summer months would be surprising. The study of seasonal variation is also most interesting, and to do this intelligently all specimens should have accurate data on the pins. Another field of work is the study of geographical variation ; therefore collect large series and exchange with your friends and correspondents. Even common species may be forced to tell interesting stories in this respect. For in- stance, is not the Colias philodice of the East the same as the sulphur butterfly of the West, which goes under another name ? Let each entomologist this Summer take up a season’s work and publish the result in the News. CorRECTION.—In the News for May, 1900, page 455, under Z. Calverti, third long primer line, read ‘‘ bright blue /ema/es,’’ instead of ‘‘ males.’” Page 458, under 5S. madidum add ‘‘a single teneral male.”’ 594 : 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 505 Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY P. P. CALVERT. Under the above head it is intended to mention papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South). Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. Contribu- tions to the anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, relating to Ameri- can or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in HEAVY-FACED TYPE refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published ; * denotes that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms. Titles ofall articles in foreign languages are translated into English; usually such articles are written in thesame language asthetitle of thejournal containing them, but when such articles arein other languages than English, French, German or Italian, this fact is indicated in brackets. 3. The American Naturalist, Boston, May, 1900.--4. The Canadian Entomologist, London, Ont., May, 1900.—&. Psyche, Cambridge, Mass., May, 1900.—-11. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London, April, 1900.—15,. Biologia Centrali-Americana, London, pt. cliv, Mar., 1goo, rec’d. May 8.—22. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic, Apr. 9, 1900. —365. Annales, Société Entomologique de Belgique, xliv, 3, Brussels, Mar. 29, 1900.—36. Transactions, Entomological Society of London, Igoo, pt. 1, April 26.—40. Societas Entomologica, Ziirich-Hottingen, April 15, 1900.—44. Verhandlungen, zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, |, 2-3, April 6, 1900.—78. The Gardeners’ Chronicle, London, 1900.—81. Biologisches Centralblatt, Erlangen, 1900.—128. Proceed- ings, Linnean Society of New South Wales, 1899, pt. iv, Sydney, April 7, 1900. THE GENERAL SUBJECT.—Absolon, K. Some remarks on the Moravian cave-fauna, 22.—B. The odor of flowers and insects, Wiener Illustrirte Garten Zeitung, April, 1900.—Cholodkovsky, N. On the life cycle of the species of Chermes and the general questions connected therewith, 81, April 15.—Cockerell, T, D. A. The lower and middle Sonoran zones in Arizona and New Mexico, 3.—Duncker, G. Methods of Variation-statistics, $1, April 1—Handlirsch, A. The use of superfluous spermatozoa in the female insect, a notice of the latest work of A. Berlese, figs., 44.—Plateau, F. New researches on the relations between insects and flowers: 2. The choice of colors by insects. Memoires, Société Zoologique de France, xii, Paris, 1899.— Schiller-Tietz. The supposed parthenogenesis in the honey bee, Natur- wissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Berlin, April 8, 1900.—Smith, J. B. See review, fost.—Walton, L. B. The basal segments of the hexapod leg, figs, 3.—Wood, J. H. On the larve, habits, and structure of Lithocolletes concomitella Bankes, and its nearest allies (cont.) : Biologi- cal aspects, Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine, London, May, 1900. ECONOMIC EN'TOMOLOGY.— Alwood, W. B. Spraying the orchard, figs., Bulletin No. 100, Virginia Agric. Exper. Station, Blacksburg, Va., May, 1899, rec’d. May, 1900.—Anon. Report of the Malaria Expedition to Sierra Leone, Nature, London, April 26, 1900.— 506 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.. [June, Anon. The study of ticks and the diseases caused by them, New York Medical Journal, May 12, 1900.—Beach, S. A. Lowe, V. H., and Stewart, F. C. Common diseases and insects injurious to fruits, figs. Bulletin 170, New York Agric. Exper. Station, Geneva, N. Y., Dec., ’99. —Chittenden, F. H. Some insects injurious to garden crops, figs. Bulletin 23, new series, U. S. Depart. Agric. Division of Entomology, Washington, 1900.—Cockerell, T. D. A. Some insect pests of Salt. River valley [Arizona] and the remedies for them, Bulletin 32, Arizona Agric. Exper. Station, Tucson, Arizona, Dec., 1899.—Felt,; E. P. Insects injurious to forest trees. Extract from Fourth Annual Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries, Game and Forests of the State of New York. 1898. 4to., 23 pp., figs., 3 col. pls. Rec’d. April 30, 1900.— Fernald, C. H. Report of the Entomotogist, Twelfth Annual Report ‘of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural Col- lege, Boston, Jan., 1900.—Forbes, A. C. The elm-bark beetle [ Scolytus destructor), 78, March 17.—Laurent, E. The employment of nicotine as an insecticide in agriculture, Bulletins, Société Nationale d’ Agriculture de France, Ix, 3, Paris, Mar., 1900.—Ménégaux, A. On the “ grasserie’” for ‘‘ yellowing ’’] of the silk worm, 2 figs.; On a curious parasite of the silk worm (Ugimyia sericari@ Rondani), 1 pl. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, xxxii, Paris, 1899. Rec’d. April 28, 1900.— Ronsisvalle, M. On the morbid effects of Ixodidz on man, Atti della Accademia Gicenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, Ixxvi, 1899.—Smith, Rt. G. The tick fever parasite, 128.—Webster, F. M. The clover root borer, Aylastes obscurus Marsham, fig., 1 pl.; Bulletin No. 112, Ohio Agric. Exper. Station, Wooster, Ohio, Dec., 1899— Wesché, W. The earwig, 78, April 28. ‘ ARACHNIDA.—Cambridge, F. O. P. Arachnida Araneidea, vol, ii, pp. 105-120* [Ctenidze Selenopide, Heteropodidz], 15. MYRIOPODA.—Brdélemann, H. W. Myriopodological notes, figs., 22. é ORTHOPTERA.—Blatchley, W. 8S. On the species of Nemo- dius known to occur in Indiana*, 5.—Brunner von Wattenwyl. Orthoptera collected by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 35. NEUROPTERA.—Calvert, P. P. Odonata of New Jersey, see Smith, J. B., review, post. HEMIPTERA.—Baker, C. F. American species of Macropsis ( Jasside)*, 56.—Champion, G. C, Rhynchota Heteroptera, vol. ii, pp. 305-312* [Anthocoride], 15.—Chittenden, F. H. [Gargaphia angulata, Nectarophora destructor|, See Economic Entomology. —Cho- lodkovsky, N. See the General Subject.—Cockerell, T. D. A. Note on the pigments of the Coccid Chionaspis furfura Fitch, Science, New York, April 27, t900.—Id. Four new Coccide from Arizona, 4.— Distant, W. L. Rhynchotal notes, iv. Heteroptera: Pentatominze (part.), 11.—Id. Undescribed genera and species belonging to the Rhynchotal family Pentatomide, r pl., 36.—Fowler, W. W. Rhyn- Ticas, 1900] _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 507 chota Homoptera, vol. ii, pl. xvii, 15.—Morse, E. 8. A_bubble- blowing insect [ Aphrophora], figs., Appletons’ Popular Science Monthly, New York, May, 1900.—Osborn, H. Homoptera of New Jersey, see Smith, J. B., review, fost_—Pergande, T. Thysanoptera of New Jersey, see Smith, J. B., review, Aos?. COLEOPTERA.—Arrow, G. J. On pleurostict Lamellicorns from Grenada and St. Vincent (West Indies), 36.—Bourgeois, J. Dascillidze collected by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 35.— Brenske, E. Scarabzidz collected by the Belgian Antarctic Expe- dition, 35.—Carpentier, L. Hibernation of Coleoptera, Bulletin, Société Linnéenne du Nord de la France, 317, Amiens, May, 1899.— Chittenden, F. H. [Systena blanda, Cerotoma trifurcata, Epicerus imbricatus, Spermophagus pectoralis, Ceutorhynchus spp., Lixus con- cavus, FHaltica ignita, Xylocrius Agassizti], see Economic Entomology. —Cobelli, R. Contributions to the biology of Lophyrus pint L., 44.— Fairmaire, L. Heteromera collected by the Belgian Antarctic Expe- dition, 35.—Lameere, A. Cerambycidz collected by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 35.—Lea, A. M. Revision of the Australian Curculionidz belonging to the subfamily Cryptorhynchides, pt. iv, 128. —Manger, K. Coleoptera in paraffin [for transportation, not recom- *mended], 40.—Pic, M. New Pedilidz and Anthicide, 44.—Rous- seau, E. Carabidz collected by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 35. —Sharp, D. Coleoptera, vol. ii, pt. 1, pp. 585-608,. pl. xviii* [Crypto- phagide], 15.--Wasmann, E. New Pausside, with a biological sup- plement, 2 pls. Notes from the Leyden Museum, xxi, 1-3, Dec., 1899.— Wenzel, H. W. Scydmenide and Pselaphidze of New Jersey, see Smith, J. B., review, posé. DIPTERA.—Cockerell, T. D. A. Scripfotricha or Paracantha ? 1t.—Coquillett, D. W. Report on a collection of dipterous insects from Puerto Rico*; Proceedings, U. S. National Museum, No. 1198, Washington, 1900.— Jacobs. Diptera collected by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 35.—Johnson, C. W. Diptera of New Jersey, see Smith, J. B., review, fost:—Melander, A. L. A decade of Dolichopodide*, figs., 4.—Pantel, J. Zhrixion halidayanum Rond. Monographic essay on the external characters, the biology and the anatomy ofa para- ~ sitic larva of the group of the Tachinairia, 6 pls. La Cellule, xv, r. Lierre et Louvain, 1898. A great monograph of 290 quarto pages, dealing with the external morphology of egg, larva, pupa and adult (42 pp.). biology and etiology (34 pp.), and anatomy (240 pp.). LEPIDOPTERA.—Caspari, W. On Acronycta (eggs, larve], 40.—Chittenden, F. H. [MMonoftilota nubilella, Elasmopalpus lig- nosellus, Hellula undalis, Laphygma frugiperda, Sesia rutilans.] See Economic Entomology.—Dietz, W. G. Tineoidea of New Jersey, see Smith, J. B., review, gost—Druce, H. Lepidoptera Heterocera, vol. i, pp. i-xxxii, vols. ii and iii title-pages and contents, 6.—Dyar, H. G. The larva of Eustixia pupula Hiibn., 4; Larve from Hawaii, a correc- 508 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, tion, 4; Life histories of North American Geometride, xi, 5.—Fauvel, A. A. Walking cocoons, figs., La Nature, Paris, April 21, 1900.—Gib- son, A. Some interesting moths taken at Ottawa, Ottawa Naturalist, April-May, 1900.—Grete, A. R. The descent of the Pierids, 4 pls., Proceedings, American Philosophical Society, No. 161, Philadelphia, Jan- uary-March, 1900.—Lyman, H. H. An entomological muddle: a re- view [ Hyphantria cunea, congrua, antigone, textor], 4.—Moffat, J. A. Hydroecia stramentosa, 4.—Montgomery, T. H., Jr. On nucleolar structures of the hypodermal cells of the larva of Carpocapsa, 1 pl., Zoolo- gische Jahrbiicher, Abth. fiir Anatomie u. Ontogenie der Thiere, xiii, 3, Jena, April 10, 1900. HYMENOPTERA.—André, E. Thynnidz collected by the Bel- gian Antarctic Expedition, 35.—Ashmead, W. H. Classification of the fossorial, predaceous and parasitic wasps, or the super-family Ves- poidea, 4.—Id. Hymenoptera (in part) of New Jersey, see Smith, J. B., review, fost.—Branner, J. C. Ants as geologic agents in the tropics, figs., Journal of Geology, viii, 2, Chicago, Feb.-March, 1900.—Konow, F.W. New contribution to synonymy of the Tenthredinide, Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, xix, 4-5, May 1, 1900.—Schiller-Tietz. See the General Subject.—Tosquinet, J. ne collected by the Belgran Antarctic Expedition, 35. Smith, J. B. Insects of New Jersey, a list of the species occurring in New Jersey, with notes on those of economic importance, 328 figs., 2 maps, 755 pp. 27th Ann. Rep. State Board of Agric., 1899 (Supplement). Trenton, N. J., 1900. A valuable list of this part of the fauna, preceded by 34 pp. on ‘‘Insects and their control,” including a brief interesting chapter on development and a genealogical tree of the twenty-two orders recognized. Alphabetical indexes of the localities and individuals quoted, and of the families and genera represented, add to the accuracy and usefulness of the volume. No figures are new; they chiefly illus- trate species of economic importance. Much aid in the preparation of the book was furnished by various specialists, as indicated under the various orders (anfe). Statistics of the species listed are given on p. 7o1, according to which the total number is 8537, of which 1193 are Diptera, 1718 Hymenoptera, 1570 Lepidoptera, 2845 Coleoptera, 399 Homoptera, 340 Hemiptera, 144 Orthoptera, the other orders less than 100 each. The total exceeds, by 2439 species, Prof. Smith's similar list of 1890, and he predicts an equally great percentage of increase in the next decade. ’ Dr. H. F, Wickuam will take a collecting trip this Summer to the Pacific States, Dr. F. E. BLatspext, of Mokelume Hill, Cala., started for Alaska on May toth and will not return until October. He expects to find some fine insects in the North, 1900] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 509 Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. Pror. A. J. SNYDER expects to pass the Summer in Colorado collecting. Mr. LANCASTER THOMAS will go to Cranberry, N. C., and keep his eyes open for species new to the locality. Dr. A. Fenves, of Pasadena, California, will start on a collecting trip to the Atlantic coast on the first of June and will return to Pasadena in October. Nores ON A Few NortH AMERICAN SPECIES LISTED AS NOCTUID&. — In two letters, dated respectively, August 12, 1899, and April 7, 1900, Sir George F. Hampson sends the following notes on some species which stand in our present lists as Noctuide. Hexeris Enhydris Grote=Ottolenguia reticulata Beutenm., belongs to the Thyrididz. Gyros Muirii, H. Edw., which I see you include in the Noctuidz is (teste specimens in Grote collection which agree with description) a 'Pyrale=Monocona rubralis Warr.; v. my revision of Pyraustinz in Proc. Zool. Soc., 1899, p. 232. Lepidomys Irrenosa Guen., Noct. ii, p. 201 (1852) ; Smith, Cat. Noct., Pp. 315, is a Pyrade of the subfamily Chrysaugine and is the male of Chalinitis olealis Rag., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1890, p. 529; Hmpsn., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1897, p. 684. The forewing of the male has no costal tympanic vesicle as in the other species of the genus, but has an antemedial tuft of scales on median nervure, with a smaller tuft below it in the submedian fold. It differs from the female described by Ragonot in the forewing having the portions of the ante and postmedian lines, which are bent inwards to the costa, white; the outer part of the tuft of scales on median nervure and the tuft in submedian fold white. Type New York in Mus. Brit. Pseudcraspedia melanosticta Hmpsn., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1898, p. 256, pl. xvii, f. 6, from St. Vincent—Acidalia basipunctaria W\k., from Florida, is a Noctuid. It is a matter for congratulation that the British Museum material is undergoing critical study by so competent a worker as Sir George F. Hampson and we may now hope to eliminate the few remaining doubtful names that remain in our lists.—]J. B. SMITH. Stenomimus Pallidus Bou.—On a flat-topped hill overlooking the beautiful Miami Valley in full view of the Little Miami River, winding its serpentine course through fertile bottom lands, is situated one of the prehistoric burial places from which so many relics of a vanished race have been exhumed. On this spot nature has lavished her choicest treasures. Hugh oak and other trees, with a rank growth of smaller 510 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, vegetation, covers the spot so completely that few persons know of its existence. Here the ‘‘Kentucky Warbler’? (0. formosa) and the ““White-browed Warbler” (D. dominica albilora) find an unmolested nesting place. I have-taken many rare insects of all orders here, partic- ularly Coleoptera. May 11, 1900, while searching for minute beetles I lifted the loose bark from a freshly fallen oak log and found a colony of Stenomimus pallidus that contained hundreds of this beetle. I picked out 120 in a few minutes. I have never before taken this curious little weevil, which is one of the smallest North American species. It is very slender in form and of pale brown color and might easily be mistaken for Bactridium, which was associated with it. Its larvae had eaten galleries through the decaying fibres of the inner bark—CHarLEs Dury, Cincin- nati, Ohio. NEw LIGHT ON THE BEE-GENERA MEGACILISSA AND MACROTERA.-— I have just received the following important information from Mr. W. F. Kirby of the British Museum: ‘‘ Megacilissa superba Smith is a Chilian species, and = Caxupolicana fulvicollis Spin. Mr. Waterhouse and I have carefully examined Perdita halictoides and Macrotera bicolor Smith, and find that Smith’s drawings of the dissections are quite accurate ; and that although Smith says the palpi of Perdifa are wanting, and there is no trace of them in the specimen, yet they are included in his own figures, which is very odd. I find that A/acrotera was obtained from Mr. E. P. Coffin in 1843, but I do not know from what part of Mexico. Perhaps this might be discovered by hunting through Westwood’s publications.” This shows that Megaci/issa is a pure synonym of Caupolicana, as was suggested in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Dec., 1899, p. 412.* It also confines the distinctness of Macrotera from Macroteropsis and Hypomacrotera. As for Perdita, Smith’s figures of the palpi are drawn with dotted lines, and are undoubtedly hypothetical. Under the circumstances set forth in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Dec., 1899, p. 315, it is evident that we shall for the present have to remain wholly uncertain as to what is genuine FPerdita.--T. D. A. COCKERELL, Mesilla Park, N. M., Feb. 2, 1900. A Bee-FLy Four YEARS IN THE LARVAL STATE. JS THIS A RECORD? —In Volume I, Part 3, of the Proceedings of the Southern California Academy of Sciences may be found a short descriptive article on the habits and parasites of one of the most interesting bees of California, Anthophora montana Cress. Its interesting habit of tower building is there illustrated and need not be further commented upon,