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Be, JANUARY, 1904.

Vol. XV. No. 1.
Ignotus znigmaticus Slosson.
EDITOR:
HENRY SKINNER, M. D.
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor.
ADvisoRY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRESSON. HENRY L. VIERECK. j. A. G. REHN,
PHILIP LAURENT. WILLIAM J, FOX. CHARLES W. JOHNSON.

PHILADELPHIA:
ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF
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Catalogue No. 12 for 1903 free. The only Dealer’s list giving Author's names throughout,

As the various species are arranged under their generic names, this list affords an excellent
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different species in papers, including P. dootes, evan, gyas, ete., mailed free on receipt of
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4 specimens, illustrating protective resemblance é eee -

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Entomological | News

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PROCEEDINGS

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

OF THE

Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia.

VOLUME XV, 1903.

EDITOR :
HENRY SKINNER, M.D.
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRESSON = + & ~ _ «HENRY L. VIERECK if EH
WILLIAM jJ. Fox CH WF
PHILADELPHIA : ee qs
' ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF QB \'
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, ®

LOGAN SQUARE.

1904.

INDEX TO VOLUME XV.

(* Indicates new genera, species or varieties)

THE GENERAL SUBJECT.
Alaska Expedition, Harriman . 219
Alstead School of Natural His-

tory 17!
American Entom. Society, 79, 139,
347-
Arizona, Collecting in... . . 308
Brooklyn Entom. Society, 44, 109,
140, 175, 286, 313, 318, 349.
California, An early collector in
202.

0 Se a ae ae ee ee er |

Gase for galls. 2. 3 L319
Case for Schmitt boxes. . . . 177
eee ae eee 179
Copulation between different
PO a teres. cle 47

Cork, Substitutes for. . . 255, 305
Cotton Belt, Meeting of Official
Entomologists of. ..... 310
Cotton insects. .... 42, 78, 310
~Cyanide bottles, Micro. . 219, 228
Destructive insects, 19, 42, 78, 140,
306, 307, 310, 313, 350, 351.
Doings of Societies, 43, 78, 107,
138, 172, 223, 256, 285, 313, 346.
Doubleday, Letter of Edw. . . 46
Duck, Internal parasites of . . 136
Duplication of specific names . 138
Economic Entomologist, Rela-
tion of the Systematist to . . 193
Editorials, 36, 75, 103, 137, 170, 218,
254, 283, 305, 343-
Eggs laid by insects, Number
of . . 2, 109, 188, 3r9, 336.
Elm twig borers
Entomological Literature, 37,
104, 219, 255, 285, 312.
Entomological Section, Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 48, 78, 108,
174, 287, 316.

‘ Entomological Section, Chica-
go Acad. Sciences, 43, 108,
138, 173, 224, 256.
Feldman Collecting Social, 48,
80, 108, 139, 172, 223, 256, 285,
317, 346.
Field and forest burning, Ef-
PORE OE. coe ete ee 44
Fig-insects in the Philippines . 342
Fire, Insects destroyed by . 44, 77
PrCRT Wee SS hice yes 306
Forests, Insects injurious to . . Ig
Fossil insects . . . . 224, 287, 314
Fungi and insects. ...... 80
Gasoline for killing insects. . . 74
Grape stems gnawed by insects 313
Great Lakes in 1766, Insects of
286.

Gum for insects, Best... . . Tog
Harris, Letter of T. W. . . . . 46
High prices for insects . . . . 110
Homonyms, How to correct . . 76

Horse-hair for mounting insects
172.

Klages Collection. ...... 74
Landscape gardening and de-
sreetive beetles 2. oe. 19
Lead-eating wasp....... 307
Lorq@tmy Tf. tM ess. ees 202
Lower California, Collecting in
III, 140.
Mail, Sending insects through . 25
Mammoth Cave, Insects of .. . 45
Maple leaf petioles bored by
MM te Ss oh. ee 313
MOt CatCnels (0 SE See 77
mrisenm. pests oo 6. Jas 350, 351
Myrmecophiles...... 250, 339

Newark Ent. Society, .79, 172,
_ 288, 315.

ii INDEX.

Obituary :
{ot gags Cl.) 6 ie aaa 6 142
BYOWD ye Le a8 te 56
GTS Ty ys RNs ced 352
SSOGNS et! <5. 5. oss Gee see
BE asaAChI an: HRs ee. Gees 226
Schaupp, F. G. eee
Schmitt, J...:....° +. 224235

Pacific Coast Entom. Society,

43, 107, 223, 348.
Pennsylvania, Catalogue of In-

sects of, 48. :

Personals :
Baker; CoB. .<3 tha 255
Banks, Nj) =). siiveneeaee 222
Beyer, G, sos tee II!
Cockerell, T. D. A. . 255
Daecke, E. 137, 256
Davis, \CAgi. oe ae 254
Geddes, J, Mss casa 138
Kearfott, W. D. . . 137, 256
Kellort) Vikas aia fie oe 254
Lawrent, ees eee x 137
Patch; i seas ece eatin fs 256
Schaeten tee tees. cel 222
Skinners os 3.037, 256
SHOWS rms lisa. 308
Snyaer, Ao cs... 138
Wickham, H.F.. . . . 284

Pins, White vs. black ..... 67

Pitcher-plant insects .. . . 14, 318

Poison-tubes for killing insects 219
Protective coloring, 139, 239,
307, 313.
Schools, Insect collections for
38, 349.
Smith Collection, H. H.. . . . 78
Southwestern geographical
names
Sparrows feeding on cicadas. . 141
Systematic to the Economic
Entomologist, Relation of the
193.

Tarsus, Reduplication of . . . 237
Telephone cables, Insects in-
suring i. ck Ve 306

Temperature, Effect of on ma-

culation). co s5) aeegeme es 110
Texas, Collectingén. 0... 349
Theory of oviposition and con-

structionofnidus. .... . 189
Transformation delayed. . . . 47
Walsh’s first report on noxious

IB OCS on ns eietie Sins. Sota 37
Wants of the systematist. . . 102

ARACHNIDA.
Araneus sing@formis*. . . . 259

Egg-cocoon of triangle spider . 278

Hytiotes cavatus ....... 278
Kansas,:A. of 25.5. Suincousnee 257
Long-lived tick |. 2 5%. wee 186
Lycosa wacondana* ..... 260
Phidippus ferrugineus * 258
Xysticus modestus* ..... 257
COLEOPTERA.
Adrane cietus. 5... aa 317
Agabus teniolatus. ..... 109
Amphicoma spp... ..... 349
Anophthalmus ........ 46
Anthaxia viridicornis . .. .140

Ants, C. associated with. . 250, 339
Aphodius cribricollis. . ... 348

Arizona, C. of . . . . 217, 239, 307
Attelabus bipustulatus.. . . . 189
Balaninus spp. os). 5 oy gee
Bembidium concinnum. . » . 349

Bembidium perconcinnum* . . 349
Bombarding by Ga/lerifa . . 42, 138

Brachynus alternans ..... 138
British Columbia, C. of . . . . 315
Brontées SPP ids ea . Cie 80

California, C. of, 44, 107, 140, 188,

223, 337, 348, 349.
Calospasta wenzeli *
C. destructive to trees. . . . . 19

Cephennium corporosum . . . 223
Chariessa elegams ..... 4% 349
Chlenius erythropus ..... 138

Cicindela lepida..... 286, 318
Cicindela purpurea limbalis . . 346

INDEX. ili

Cicindela rugifrons ..... 318
Cicindelidz . 26, 112, 286, 318, 346
Celambus farctus ...... 109
I SES a ae tea’ 5 349
Conotrachelus leucophaus . . . 80
Corymbites nec virens. .... 48
Cychrus elevatus unicolor. . . 285
Cychrus tuberculatus. . . . . 315
Cyenres viduus = 3 RO. 347
Oychrus violaceus... .... 48
Ne DEM se 173
Diabrotica dorsata ...... 53
Delaware C..0f . 20 22: 310
Dichromatism inC. ..... 348
Donacia floridee. .. .. 48, 318
Drome@olus californicus . 188, 223
Dromeolus hospitalis* . 187, 223
Dromaolus humeralis . . . . 223
Dysphagatenuipes. .... . 299
Ecitopora nitidiventris* . . . 250
emer Saye 6 ES 287
Elm twig borers ....... 140
Fpicauta abadona*...... 217
Epicautaalastor* ...... 217
De OF PI Ss 138
Fuchsina occulta... .... 348
RING GS Soo fa a OP 80
Sttetes ls yee 42, 138
Galeruca dorsata....... 53
Galerucella nymphaea 286
Wihodania ... 2-2 205": 286
Hydrobius tessellatus . . . 316, 318
Hydrocanthus puncticollis . . 318
Hydrocharis obtusatus . . . . 237
Hydroporus cimicoides. . . . 109
Hydroporus spurius ..... 318
Ignotus enigmaticus ..... 36
ees, GEO Et Meee ee 19
Lepturges reguiaris ..... 285
Seep SA ER Sr 349
Lower California, C. of . . . . 111
Megasoma thersites ..... III
fT RS ey Se ok a 52
Muscles of C. during metamor-
Bhiisie <2. S- ee ee 255
Neoclytus erythrocephalus . .140

Neoclytusjoutei* ....... 34

New Jersey, C. of, 34, 48, 80, 109,
223, 285, 286, 287, 310, 316, 318,
346.

New Mexico, C.of. ..... 152

New York, C. of .. . . . 142, 310

North Carolina, C. of . . 26, 48, 112

RIO GOR snk Se 52
Omus sequoiarum ...... 348
OvipositionofC ..... Tog, 189
Purteara si. ar. 175
Parnidz wanted ....... 217

Pennsylvania, C. of, 42, 80, 175, 285,
287, 310, 317, 318, 347.
Philonthus spp.
Prionus laticollis....... 109
Protective resemblance . . 239, 307
Psephenus lecontei ...... 318
Pterostichus mestus ..... 318
Quedins fulgidus erythrogas/er 348

Rats’ nests, C. in . » 223, 348
Reduplication of tarsus. . . . 237
Rhabdoscelis tenuis... ... 223
Saperda calcarata adspersa . . 142
Saperda tridentata. ..... 140
Spheridium scarabeoides, 287, 310
Tachygonus spinipes..... . 80
eds OF eee 250
PICCMES IE EE 46
Tylophorus sellaitus...... 286
Virginia, C. of . . . . 175, 299, 346
mrecusisit C.F 55. SS 339
Wewodssa cava’. ee 339
DIPTERA.
Paes SmneER ngs Fe 318
Anopheles crucians ...... 150
Anopheles franciscanus* . . .12
Saltormias P08 oS eae
Callopistria annulipes 172
Catalogue of N. Amer. D. II5
Chlorops annulata* ..:.. 304
Chlorops certima*..... . 304
Chlorops lasciva*® ...... 303
Chlorops pulla* ....... 303
Chlorops rubrivitiata® . . . . 304

iv INDEX.

Colorado, Dyof wii) Saas 303
Cede BUONO A: es 148
Rb tPA CAHAIOF po a5 oe 256
CUVEM AISCOPOT Sd oe a ae 147
Cuhd x ACES es 55. 5 te 49, 80
Culex inconspicuus*..... 333
Cele MARTINUS 6 od nigh te 73
Cale BV ONIRS PE igs en 332
Culex squamiger .... 4... 80
Culex trivitiatus . . 6.40 5 145
Diachlorus ferrugatus .- . 290, 346
Dismal Swamp, Yellow fly of . 290
Grabhamia jamaicensis . . . .81
Habits of Ortalids. .... ..... 17!
Habits of -Zrypela .ios5 sh \ncd 309
Lousiana: D. 08 gst ees 303, 304
LULA COSGT, iii tek Reo 136
Massachusetts, D. of . ... . 304

Mosquitoes, 9, 49, 73, 80, 81, Ifo,
145, 170, 176, 256, 313, 318, 319,
332. ,

157,

New Jersey, D. of, 80, 145,

318, 332, 333, 346.
New York. 2X: 06 i i. odecian Wes 256
North Carolina, D. of . 270, 302
ONC OBES: CON BIUB EG 0.2.0 cals les se 285
Parasites of Duck, D. as inter-

nal; 3) eae easel OP ae x 136
Pennsylvania, D.of...... 285
EROTUNAGELITNG A ie cu Hein ah 136
Pseudotephritis vau..... - 172
Tabanide .. . . 270, 290, 302, 346
Trypeta solidaginis...... 309
Virginia, DisGt tits on * 290
Yellow fly. .... aes ee 290

_ HEMIPTERA.

BMASALIAMAS ioc, Shia eh pe 335
Aradide wanted. ...... 222
‘“‘Bug,’’ Old meanings of . 308
Chionaspis furfurus ...... 3
Coccidz, Number of eggs of. . 188
SOE UICO song as rss Metals akan Lali 307
Gerris (Limnoporus) rufoscu-

GAUGEUS (86.50 a te LR eS 220
Hematosiphon inodora. . . . 3°7

Kermes BE CHOE 0g 188
Notonecta lutea. .. 2. sss 220
“Oaring’’ in water bugs. . . . 344
Ormenis pruinosa ...... 344
Oviposition of H. . . . . 188, 335
Seventeen year cicada .. . . 141
Texas, Hole eit. eee 344
Trionymus hordéi....... 4o
Water-bugs, Method of swim-
ming Of», 05 seers Gare 344
HYMENOPTERA.
Audreta spp... ie E89 ie Wats
Jragariana*..... 64
persimls ©. See 66
wWheelEege™® x. asus 65
Andreninz=.; 1 > ae 74
Anthidium tllustre. ..... 284
Anthophora stanfordiana* . . . 32
Apis mellifica. ..... 176, 285.
Arizona, H.:of (3 2. eee 87
Aspilota ceylonica*® ..... 113
Bee-visitors of Pontederia . 244
California, H. ob: 24.4 eee 33
Ceratina dupla...... 333, 346
Ceylon, H, 0f::.-..a2ghgse eae 113
ChlOrton .-. 3 ae 117
Cladocerapis * 5, a ae 292
Colletes oe en 276
robustus* . . 251
Colorado, H. of: > .4ua eee 33
Conohalictoides*.. . . . 245, 26%
lovelli* . . . 245
Construction of cells. . . 176, 284
Cryptohalictoides*...... 261
Spiniferus* , 261
Curriea fasciatipennis* . . . .18
Dianthidium jugatorum.. . . 84
Emphytes gilletléi ...... 284

Formica sanguinea rubicunda 339

Habrocryptus grenicheri*® . . 333
Hadronetus carinatifrons .. . 337
Halictus marinus*® ... . i. ie 99

vierecht*® .°) ea 97
Heranthidium*® . 2... as 292
Haney bee... 4. aes 176, 285

INDEX. Vv

Hypanthidium* ....... 292
Enciana, fr. OF Oe 21
SSRI g FRC ia 252
Kradibia brownii*...... 342
Raperia, Fe ok... Se . 18
Maine: Ei Or. eee 244
Margueee, Fi. of ...2 Sie 244

Megachile latimanus grindelia-
ee, er ee 33
Megachile sexdentata.. . . . 171
Monedula carolina. ..... 142
Myrmecophiles...... 250, 339
Wébraska, H.of .. 6. 2°). 252
Neohalictoides* ....... 261
Nevada, H.of ..... ne
New Jersey, H. of . . . 21, 97, 126
New Mexico, H. of .. . . 171, 252
New York, H.of....... 142
eee SOR es ak i ee I7I
Pennsylvania, H. of 214, 244
Perdita gerhardi* ...... 21
TS ae SE ae | ae 22
Philippine Is..H. of ..... 342
PRNGNET ONG « 62 126
Ptinobius dysphage*..... 300
Ropronia garmani. . . . 212, 316
Sphecius speciosus ...... 142
ems. aia s.r ea 142
Sycoryctes philippinensis* . . 342
Tachysphex propinquus* . . . 87
See Tt, O8 6 oso nee 250
Torymus wickhami*..... 302
PR eT ERS OS ee 292
GM RE. Ges CS tae 2. 302
Peered, Fi, Oe S6T A 2s 300
Wasp, Lead-eating. ..... 306
Wisconsin, H. of . . . 64, 335, 339

LEPIDOPTERA.
Acherontiaatropos. ..... 346
Acronycta americana. . . 47, 140
FUMETANE eS. 288
Agrias sardanapalus, P\. 1.

Aletia argillacea....... 346
Amblyscirtes elissa.. . 1... 344
Anartia fatima ...... » . 350

I OPP A . Be OPP ST 110
Arizona, L. of . . . _ 141, 239, 344
OR TRMILE © 228 Se alae MP ears 4
Weer NEE PSS 347
ON hs el OO 346
Bembecia marginata albicoma
68, 79.

MANHeO,: bab cP he ISS 215
British Columbia, }.. of . . 72, 298

California, L. of, 44, 97, 107, 108,

114, 224, 348.

Catocala . . . 139, 142, 313, 314

RENOMIE SF EI 286
Catopsilia eubule. . 41, 78, 110, 138
Givlon, 15.66 2 re 215
EMOMBOES: fF BPE 224
Chrysophanus gorgon..... 97
CITES STEEL Te, 76
Cirrhophanus triangulifer. . . 317
Classification: °° 9S, Be 179
Clisiocampa americana. .... 2
Cocytius cluentius ...... 345
Coleophora limosipennella . . . 54
Colias cesouia.. 2°.) i ws IIo
Colossal silk-worm moths... .4
Connecticat: L. of 3. Ses ae 4I
Copidryascosyra. ...... 350
Darapsa myron 313

Delayed transformation, 47, 140,

I4I.
Delias descombesi, Pl. 1.

Eacles imperialis . . . 175
Ecpantheria muzina..... 350

Scribonia. .... 79
Epipyrops barberiana . . 344
RIO, Lg ON hi soe ee 40, 47
Gontacidalia furciferata . . . 253
Hepialide, Flight of ..... 348

Holland’s Moth Book, 37, 104, ros,
221, 222.

Hloomogle@acarnosa...... 286
Hyparpax venus ....... 79
Kricogonia lyside....... 350
PPCENA PODATEE OID as 224
Maculation affected by temper-
BEUES FSR eae Betatae a els IIo

vi INDEX.

Massachusetts, L. of .. . . 78, 138
Melanochroia monticola.. . . 344
Melipotis nigrescens ..... Kore)
Meliteaparlula....... 350
Michigan, L. of . ... . . 204, 345

Microlepidoptera, Suggestions,

89, 127, 165, 207, 219, 229.
Missoni B08 a eae 346
Neonynipha areolatus. . . . .317
New Jersey, L. of, 41, 79, 109, III,

142, 286, 288, 301, 317. ~
New Mexico, L.of ...... 72
New York, L. of, 41, 45, 47, 54,

I10, 142, 175, 320.

Nisoniades potrillo. ..... 351

North Carolina, L. of . . . 40, 120

Oia: OF ..askiel Suyeens 48, 253

Ornithoptera ritseme tantalus* 214

cambyses* . . . 215

Pamphila leonardus ..... 142

Papilio klagest® -o.6.s i ae 215
cedippus P\. I.

philenor wasmuthi. . . 47

trotlus ob eee III

Pennsylvania, L. of, 41, 68, 72, 79,
317, 347-

Pholisora libya........ 348
Platarctia hyperborea ... . .175
Polychrysia formosa... . .301
Polygrammodes hirtalis . . . 253
Protective coloring. . 139, 239, 313
Pseudanophoramora ..... 79
Pupal stage, Duration of . 140, 141
Pupation of Vanessa.antiopa . .6
Fyrgcus pastor... =. ae 351
Rothschildia. .. «+ ae 4
Rubbed specimens... .... 74
Sabulodes sulphurata...... 79

Samia (Philosamia) cynthia, 45, 47;
III, 320.

Scarcity of L. in 1903... . . 204
Sciagraphia punctolineata .. . 253
Scoparia cinereomedia*. . . .72
Sernaldalts * 5. Gren 72
ROP MAS ® AR 71

SOSta GCerHt 2. kk es Sa
Shoemaker’s paintings of L. . 140
SRG ea 8? ok Tee hs ER 141
SUARCKEL Peis ck ilps 175
PEVELEZL ANS... sis Mice
Symphysaadelalis ...... 109
Texas, L. of. . . . . 79, 344, 350
Thanaos callidus* ...... II4
NEOUS og eas 40
Thecla dumetorum...... 224
Jabs On FT iss 9.0 bao pee
Fined, PEMIONEUE |. Egret 350
Tortricide wanted ...... 222
Trichotaphe nonstrigella. . 48, 253
Tutt’s BritieieL..'.-< 55. Ae 312
Uniformity in use of check lists 218
Vanessaantiopa...... 6, I10
Venezuela, L. of }4..9. ara 215
Washington, L.-Of 5) sities 298
Kevociris*® .. 46. tiie
LZEUZETA PYTING ie ae 110
NEUROPTERA.
Maar lOngiPes .. ac eeen 317
tschna sitchensis ...... 288
Allotricha maculata* .. . . 116
Atropos divinatoria ..... 351
Betis propinguus....... 289
California, Odonata of . . . . 109
Central American Odonata
Wanted | .) . 42s: aes 345

Columbia, N. of District of . . 116

Cordulegaster spp. .. . . 288, 316
Costa Rica, Odonata of . . 216, 288

Courtship of may-flies.. . . . 289
Duration of larval stage of
Seemata se SS eee, elke 136
PEGS. 08. OR rs, ay 171
Formosa, Odonata of. ... . 288
Georgia, Odonataof..... 288
Habits of Odonata ...... 316
Hagenius brevistylus. . .. . 317
Hetarina americana. .... 317
Ischnura barberi. ...... 109
Libellula quadrimaculata . . . 316

Maine, Odonata of ...... 106

INDEX. Vii
Mantispa viridis... .... 171 | Pristoceuthophilus marmoratus*280
Mayes ee 289, 318, 319 | Protective resemblance . . 239, 307
Mexican Odonata wanted. . . 345 | Snowytreecricket....... 57
Michigan, Odonata of... . . 288 | South Carolina, O. of . . . 139, 164
Micrathyria berenice. .... PS Bs 0 | Sa a mitt or,
New Jersey, N. of .. . 80, 317, 347 | Virginia, O.of. ....... 139
New York, Odonata of . 38
Teoeragoa, N. of 60 cs-s: 171 THYSANOPTERA.
North Carolina, N. of. . . 100,171 | California, T.of ....... 293
Orthotricha americana* . . .116 | Caliothrifs*. 2... 2... 296
CE 5 eras eae re 17I woodworthi* 297
Pennsylvania, Odonata of, 277, 316, | Criptothrips californicus* , . . 293
347. | LGAKTIDS py Pt EO ee 294
Psolodesmus dorothea* . . . .249 | Sericothrips apteris*... . . 295
Ptinx appendiculatus ..... 8o |
Setys Collection .. <2; <2). 284 | AUTHORS.
Somatochlora provocans . . .317 | Adams, C. F......... 303
tenebrosa . . . . 347 | Ashmead, W. H. . 18, 113, 302, 342
marmes flavipes -2 5 nda... 48 | Banks, N.. . . . 116, 171, 172, 290
Thaumatoneura pellucida* . .216 | Barrett, O. W......... 74
007 ES BG ea am ae Se 116 | Blaisdell, F. E.. . 44, 108, 224, 349
: Bianchard, Bo . So ee. 187
ORTHOPTERA. Bradtey, Jo Gs. reese Cat 212
Anabrus simplex... .... Se, bi Ss dh. eet: V7.8 r de eee 253
Wereeona. Go Of 22s 244, 309 | Brimley,C.S., roo, 120, 136, 270, 302
British Columbia, O. of Ey ap Ba a, Gaal WEE ee) peat rei 250, 255
SS ES a 280 | Buchholz, O. . 79, 80, 172, 288, 316
CHOPIN Ew aS 139 | Bueno, J. R.delaT.,..... 221
; plocea*. . . . 164 | Calvert, P. P., 106, 216, 228, 345
“olormdo: Oot: 3. 2 3.28 agar and Index.
Conocephalus spp. ...... meet eee 2). MoS eo ss: 108, 138
are ae ge at aan Canden, A, Ni fo 3 ee 62
Ischnopterajohnsoni ..... 139 | Cockerell, T. D. A., 24, 32, 40, 76,
Melanoplus canontcus ..... 40 84, 126, 171, 276, 292.
impennis..... ioe eeetock, Jo ees 43
SIOMEE OS Soimceh ee-ecuraa, A. Bocce. 22 eos 306
Michigan, O. of ..... 229, 263 | Coquillett, D.W.. 2... . 2 2. 73
eC). OF. 2 Se ana Crawiord, f..C.; Jrec ae oF
New Jersey, O. of . ... 85, 108, 325 | Daniel, S. M.. ........ 93
Cicanthus miveus ....... et ea Se WE Pete, a es eee 34
nies O} OF ne See ee ets | 1 Pa, Oe pS A a 52, 67
(SE ae Sa <a See eeeeer Fh. Gs. oS. a See 71
Paroxyia scudderi, ..... fog-iaeerimann, GA.) i 55s eee 214
Pennsylvania, O.of ..... Rieoeemmeei H.-S eaees 68
Phasmomantis carolina vane} -mermald, H: To 2: 255 pea 117
Phrixocnemis inhabilis* . . . 282 Me, A. 5 eee ee 309

viii
Field Wee. ke Wel oa hoe oe onli es 6 | Muckermann,H........ 339
Fox, W. J., 48, 80, 139, 173, 223, 256, | Newcomb, W. W.. . 204, 220, 346
286, 318. Oops Ges ee, 222
OCH oss SSeS te Ae ees a9 |; OMNI Seo te. oon 136
Gillette; C- Port os mE 401 |: Packaia, A; Soe, oS oa 4
Girault, A. A.,:. 2) 189, 299,335 |: Reading, J. H.2°c.. <0 Se 305
Greenichér: Boi ie ec ss 64 | Rehn, J. A. G, . 85, 164, 229, 263,
Grinnell, Fo Ire ssa. II4, 202 280, 325.
Grewebeck: Ti Ai AZ ee 432 | Richardson, WADE oss. 217
CHONG cd ee Rn 97" |~andetson fs Oe 6 ar 43
PRODATG INE. 8 az Fe ee 40 4 Setieliers Ti Fis 2c! sos 257, 278
PROICK Ga i bet Sa e 81) Sele ee as oe oe ee 42
Himebaugh, L.C. . . . . . . 188 | Sherman, F. Jr., 26, 40, 100, 112,
Holland 'W.:J. ne. es, 41, 345 270.
Pieowen. We Wa ee ae 54 | Skinner, H., 36, 37, 38, 48, 75, 79,
FIOLAIS, “FE at oar teen 255 109, 137, 140, 170, 175, 186, 217,
Houghton, C.O,..... 57, 310 219, 254, 283, 288, 298, 317, 343,
Howard, Li Goss as 25, 103 347.-
Jobnson, ' CW. es ecae se 157 | Slingerland, M. V....«. . .222
Jones, F Ot. 35-35 vie see v4 | Smith,-2. J. Ske 77, 221
Kearfott, W. D. . 89, 105, 127, 165, | Smith, J. B... . . 49, 104, 145, 179
207, 222, 301, 312. Smyth, EB. Age oe > ee
Kirkaldy,G.W...... 308, ‘344 | Soule, C..dG cee. ee ee 138
IRAE OW 03 oar tiara eae 15:4 Stevenson, (C7 eae 228
Rinse, RoE oo Se eee Sots 249 | Sweok, MM... 00 251
Kwiat, A... . . 139, 174, 224, 256 | Viereck, H. L., 21, 74, $7, 138, 177,
Lovell} ieee 4s caer cr 35 244, 261, 305, 333.
MacGillivray, A.D. ..... 285 | Webster, F. Mo... 47S
MeCrackemecb 65.) Maer ea hes, i, 9 | Weeks, A. C., 47, 142, 176, 320, 252.
Melandeto-Avcts. comes te 19 | Weeks, AG. Ir, > ee 78
Merrict, .F2:Ao 3 ete 218 | Wickham, H.F....... 237, 307
MODEG MRA Sr ee ue 289 | Williamson, E. B... . 40, 247, 277

INDEX.

-ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VoL. XV. JANUARY, 1904. No. 1.
CONTENTS:
OE Pe Pee ope Se eer as T It Genus Perdita from Indiana and
Girauly—Standards of the Number of New: JetSey.s: o. ise65ttsss s. ceceere's 21
Eggs Laid by Insects—II .......... 2 | Cockerelli—Southwestern Geographical
-Packard—Colossal Silk-worm Moths of NaS 6255.55 5 cd) caeses cag ewes Fe 24
the genera Attacusand Rothschildia 4 | Howard—S nding Insects Through the
Field—Notes on Pupation of Vanessa MallS:s. ap .ceccss- ce cateenen hist ees. 25
ee Oe aR ee Ee See -.--- 6 | Sherman—List of the Cicindelide of
McCracken—Anopheles in California, North Carolina, with notes on the
with Description of a new species 9 SPECIOS 5-2 2c owen s oP end oRew cece 26
Jones—Pitcher-Plant Insects............ 14 | Cockerelli—Two New Bees.............. 32
Ashmead—Description of the typeof the Davis—A New Beetle from New Jersey.. 34
genus Curriea Ashmead............ 4 1. SOTA aan 2 o cap ukesdpadn =v. Seenruneae 36
Melander—Destructive Beetles: a note Entomological Literature.............2% 37
on Landscape Gardening............ 19 | Notes and News..............--seeeeees 40
_ Viereck—Two new Species of the Bee Doings of Societies .................... 43

Our frontispiece shows the beauties and possibilities of the
three-color process for insects like butterflies and moths which
have a plane surface. These brilliant butterflies have been
photographed direct, and the three-color plates were made by
the well-known house of illustrators and engravers, Gatchel
& Manning of Philadelphia. The plates were made to test
the possibilities of the colored inks made for this kind of
work by the Charles Eneu Johnson Co. of Philadelphia. We
are firmly convinced that the possibilities of photography for
the illustration of insects is by no means fully realized, but it
is necessary to have more than a commercial interest in it.
The entomologist, the plate maker and an expert photographer
should work together to achieve the best results, more espe-
cially when the smaller species are figured.

I

2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’o4.

Standards of the Number of Eggs Laid by Insects. IL.

Being average obtained by actual count from the combined eggs of twenty
(20) depositions or masses.

By A. ARSENE GIRAULT.

Standards, of course, are absurd; there are none in such
cases as this. The following are offered to serve as general
averages of the number of eggs laid normally, and to fix a more
or less definite range. Time is saved.

_ The idea of compiling these was suggested by the fact that
the estimates and ratings of authors—founded on one or two
counts, and too frequently being but estimates in the true sense
of the word—differed so widely as to cause a little confusion.

A few examples given below will illustrate. Only two
insects are included in this installment; more are to féllow
whenever the conditions are such as to make it practicable:
(1.) eggs in definite masses; (2) eggs in sufficient quantities.

The first of this series was published in the ENTOMOLOGICAL
NEWS, I901, p. 305.

2.* CLISIOCAMPA AMERICANA.

| ; |

No. Bee ares pas coutited, Suc Para agi Font Liat Max. Min. Hanes,
| ® j

I Feb. 1 324 324 324 466 |

2 STO. Yo gam 656 328 ;

3 oe ae 313 969 323 313

4 peel & | 400 1369 342

5 ee 354 1723 345

6 | March 6 335 2058 343

7 oa 376 2434 347-7

8 ew 370 2804 350.5

9 aie 376 =| 3180 353-3

Io go & aap 3512 351.2

II ee, 417 3929 357-1

12 eee 443 4372 364.3

13 rey 401 4773 367.1

14 Aes 5 Wie 5136 | = 366.8

15 ee 331 5467 * 371.1

16 MB 433 5900 368.7

17 TS 366 6266 368.6

18 Sao 368 6634 368.5

19 t 16 406 7040 370.5

20 17 466 7506 375-3 | 466 313

20 7506 375-5 | 466 313 | 153 |Finals

* For the first of these series, see Ent. News, ubi supra.

i

04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3

The lowest recorded count—not included here, being 8 abnor-
mal—was 99. .

‘*’The females Fa their eggs, about ¢hvee hundred in num-
ber, in a belt.’’—C. H. Fernald, Bull. Mass. Hatch. Exp. Sta.,
No. 12, p. 23.

«. . . . about 250 eggs, . . .’’—Bull. Neb. Exp. Sta., No.
14, June, 1890, pp. 25, 29, quatis.

““The eggs are deposited during that month upon the
smaller twigs of our fruit trees in ring-like clusters, each com-
posed of 15-20 rows, containing in all from ¢wo to three hun-
dred.’’—Saunders. ‘‘ Insects Inj. to Fruit,’’ p. 48.

$ . (about 3700 in number) . .’—Lugger. Bull.
Wiss aor Exp. Sta,, No. 61, Dec., ‘98, p. 192.

3. CHIONASPIS FURFURUS.

No. | Date—1903 oer pare? pl Rake | Max: Min, | Range
1 |Nov. 1902 79 79 79. 84
2 % 63 _ 142 71
3 4 83 225 75
4 |Nov. 42 267 66.7
5 us 62 329 658 84
6 ‘& 84 413 68.8
a ee 63 476 68
8 |Mch.27 3 6r 537 67.1 5
9 x 79 616 68.3
10 ss 70 686 68.6
II iS, 75 761 69.1
12 28 82 843 70.2
13 28 33 876 67.3. 33
14 31 59 935 66.7
15 31 82 1017 67.8
16 31 59 1076 67.3
17 \|Apl.1 ’03 59 1135 66.7
18 4 76 1211 67.2
19 4 58 1269 66.7
20 7 62 - 1331 66.5
20 1331 66 5 84 33 | 51 |Finals

The lowest count recorded is that given in foregoing; the
highest, not mentioned in foregoing because suspected to be
the combined eggs from two scales, is 722. The estimates on
the number of eggs of this species are about correct.

Howard, from many counts, gives as the average number of
eggs in healthy masses of a closely related species, Wytilaspis
pomorum, from 65-75, and the range from 50-100.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. an., 'O
4 4

The Colossal Silk-worm Moths of the Genera
Attacus and Rothschildia.

By ALPHEUS S. PACKARD.

The word colossal is used advisedly in speaking of these
moths, for they are mammoths compared with the most primi-
tive Lepidoptera, such as Zryocephala and Micropteryx, which
are no larger than small-sized caddis-flies.

The species of Aftacus comprise the largest in size and ex-
panse of wings of all the Lepidoptera, although the bulk of
the body is exceeded by some Sphingide. The lamented Mr.
Grote had justly separated the American species, before that
referred to Afttacus, under the name Aothschildia from A.
atlas. Our own studies both as to the larval and adult
characters had also led us to regard the American Attaci as
belonging to a distinct genus, and we had given a ms. name
to the group. In'their venation and the antennz as well as
other characters the species of Rothschi/dia, which among
Lepidoptera are typically neogzean, not occurring in Africa or
Asia, present constant differences from A/facus. ‘There are
also noticeable differences in the markings, Attacus atlas and
its congeners presenting constant differences.

The presence of a lanceolate oval clear spot in the last sub-
costal cell shows that Atfacus is more specialized than Roths-
childia. ‘The ocellus present near the apex of the forewings of
Rothschildia is wanting in the species of Afacus, its place
being taken by a deep indian red slash, ending in a fine line
passing to the outer edge of the wing. .

As regards the larval characters of the two genera in all
their stages we now have very fair material. Weare indebted
to M. G. Poujade for excellent figures of the larva of Attacus
atlas, (Annales. Soc. Ent. France, 1880, Pl. 8). I have, with
the aid of Mr. L. H. Joutel, reared the larva of, and have
colored drawings of Rothschildia orizaba, R. jorulla (cinctus),
and in the American Museum of Natural History is a series
showing the three stages of FX. jacobee from Buenos Aires.
Burmeister has also given good colored drawings of the cater-
pillar of FR. hesperus, ethra, aurota, betis, and speculifer.

Jan., ’o4] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5

In their early stages (1 and 2) the two genera are much
alike, especially FR. orizaba and A. atlas, but the freshly
hatched larva of Adfacus differs in having much longer tuber-
cles. In the second stages the differences are still more pro-
nounced. Now in the third stage, or with the second molt, as
- is well known, there is a great acceleration of characters, and
the larva suddenly assumes the markings and armature of the
last stages, with of course some important differences. From
this time on the two genera, Asiatic and American, follow
widely divergent paths. In the neogzic genus ( Rothschildia)
the tubercles tend to become reduced, becoming in the fully
fed larva small and button-like, until in FR. detis they have,
judging from Burmeister’s figure, become wholly atrophied.

In Attacus, however, after the second molt the tubercles be-
come long and finger-shaped, while the spines have disap-
peared. This specialization is maintained through all the suc-
ceeding stages with the result that we have a very different
larva from that of Rothschildia, the tubercles of the dorsum
more especially being long, digitiform and somewhat pointed ; .
it has also retained the long tubercle in front of each protho-
racic spiracle, of which only the merest vestiges are present
in Rothschildta.

The genus Affacus is evidently the end or terminal twig of
a series of Attacine forms, as shown both in its larval and
adult characters. The great size of the species is a feature of
its specialization, just as the big mammals, such as the ele-
phant, hippopotamus, and whales, are the result of extreme
specialization due to their habits and surroundings.

Of the genus 4/tacus there are four species, inhabiting
southeastern Asia, or the oriental region of arctogzea. Of these
A. atlas appears to be probably the stem form, and occurs in
Southern China (Macao and India). A. crameri, apparently
the most extreme and recent form, inhabits Amboina, 4.
cesar Mindanao, 4. atlas var. lorguiniz also the Philippines,
and A. imperator, Bohot, one of the Philippine Islands ; all these
forms being local varieties resulting from local variation and
isolation. ‘The magnificent and very rare form, Coscinocera,
Queensland (Tring Museum), Northern New Guinea, New

6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [Jan., 04

Ireland, which is a brown, tailed form, and seems to have
diverged from Affacus crameri, or an earlier form, is an
instance of the origin of a local genus, originating from some
sport perhaps, becoming an island form of generic value.

The American genus Rothschildia is represented by fifteen
species, most of which appear to be valid. They are confined
to Central America and the forest regions of South America ;
none occurring on the Pacific coast of South America, in Chili,
or in Patagonia. Two species (2. jorulla (cinctus), R. orizaba)
cross into Arizona, and #. erycina (Attacus splendidus Beauv.) —
occurs in Texas. |

It is worthy of notice that species of neither - these: two
genera occur in Africa, where, however, four species of Philo-
samia are found, while P. cynthia and its offshoots or local
forms inhabit the Oriental Realm. With little doubt, however,
Callosamia and Philosamia are on the whole more primitive
forms, and the latter genus may have given rise to A/tacus.

Notes on the Pupation of Vanessa Antiopa.
By W. L. W. FIELD, Milton, Mass.

I.. INTRODUCTORY.— Unusual climatic conditions during the
spring and early summer of 1903 delayed the maturing of the

- first brood of Vanessa antiopa, and the larve of the second

brood were consequently very late in appearing. In some
‘localities the pupze of the second brood were not formed until
the middle of October. This belated transformation gave
opportunity for some interesting observations upon the re-
sponse of the insects to conditions of light and temperature
encountered upon the bare walls of a building in the short
days of mid-autumn. ‘The main school building of Milton
Academy is built of red brick with white stone trimmings, and
faces nearly south. - There are tall white columns at the
entrance, and all the window casings are painted white. A
row of elm trees and a dark green fence pate the school
grounds from the street at this point. as
II. MOVEMENTS OF THE LARV#.—Larve of antiopa began
to leave the elm trees about October 1st. For two or three

dh Ts ins al

Jan., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. eee,

days they appeared only in small numbers ; but, by the end of
the first week, the migration had begun in earnest. The larvze
were to be seen crawling along the paths, but always toward
the front of the building. Reaching the vertical wall, they
would climb upward until turned from this direction by a
projecting course of brick or a window ledge. Anything of
this sort, having a horizontal under surface exposed, seemed
inviting to the larvee, and many secured themselves for pupa-

‘tion in such situations.

_ It soon appeared, however, that the front of the building
was not equally favored by the larvee at all times. In the early
forenoon the eastern end attracted them, and in the afternoon
the slanting rays of the sun led a few late wanderers around
the corner to the western wall. Most of these wanderers, how-
ever, ultimately returned to the front of the building. The
few which pupated on the end wall chose brightly lighted
situations, either on white-painted woodwork or directly against
the vertical surface of a brick.

On the front of the building, at noon of a clear day, the
heat and light were intense, and the larvz observed there at

_ such times were seen to seek the deep shade of the water-

conductors in the angles of the basement wall. At other times,
when the conditions were not so extreme, they suspended
themselves in the broad daylight. Finding available situa-
tions on both bricks and woodwork, each larva appeared to
make its choice with reference to the temperature of the air
near the wall and the amount of sunshine.

No larvee or pupze were found upon the north wall at any
time during the whole period. This may be largely due, of
course, to the fact that this was the aspect of the building
most distant from the elm trees.

Two or three larvz sought the green fence, and pupated in
the partly-shaded angles of that structure. I did not see these
until pupation had been accomplished.

III. Coors oF THE Pup#.—The experiments reported by ©
Wood (1867), Poulton, (1890) and others, showing that the
colors of certain pupz are determined by the colors of neigh-
boring objects, are well known, Poulton has further shown

BA ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’04

that the period of susceptibility is brief, and immediately pre-
ccedes the act of pupation.

The pupze which I had under observation nearly all showed
this phenomenon to a marked degree. The whole number of
larvee which pupated successfully on the building and fence
was 71. Of these, 29 were on white surfaces, and all formed
pupz of a pale ashen color; 34 were on red surfaces, and 32
formed pupz conspicuously marked with brick red ; 8 were on
dark surfaces, all formed black or dark gray pupe.

The exceptional cases were two in the second group, which
were black. It is possible that with these individuals the
period of susceptibility was reached during the night.

Of four larvee taken from the building and kept in the labo-
ratory, three, which were placed in light-tight wooden boxes,
gave black pupze; and one, which was kept in a white paste-
board box covered with glass, gave a pale ashen pupa.

The three groups of pupze were kept under observation until
the butterflies emerged, to see if any significant difference in
- the duration of the pupal state appeared; but none was dis-
covered,

Conclusion. —The larvee of Vanessa antiopa, when about to
pupate, react to light, heat, gravity and contact, as summar-
ized : | ‘

LicuT.—The larve give clear evidence of their preference
for ordinary daylight over deep shade on the one hand, or the
glare of reflected sunlight on the other. The reaction to light
is secondary to the heat-reaction until the larva has suspended
itself, when the period of greatest susceptibility to light begins.

HEAT.—A certain optimum temperature, apparently not
far from 60° F., encouraged pupation in the most diverse situ-
ations. A much lower temperature drove the larvee to shel-
tered nooks with southern exposure; a much higher one sent
them into shaded spots.

GrAviITy AND Conract.—The, responses to gravity are
- complex and at first somewhat obscure. The larvee crawls
down the trunk of the tree and up the front of the building.
Favorable conditions of heat and light being found, contact
stimuli probably lead it to spin its cushion of silk. Response

Jan., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9

to gravity is seen in the hanging position which the larva then
assumes.

Valuable assistance in these observations was given by sev-
eral of my pupils in Milton Academy.

REFERENCES.

Wood, T. W., 1867. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., pp. 99-101.
Poulton, E. B., 1890. The Colours of Animals.

Anopheles in California, with Description of a
New Species.
By ISABEL MCCRACKEN, Stanford University, Cal.
(With Plate II.)

In September, rgo1, I began to look for individuals of the
mosquito genus Anopheles in the vicinity of Stanford Univer-
sity. The University is situated near the base of the San
Francisco peninsula, which is thirty-five miles long and
about twenty-five miles broad at its base, and extends north
and south between the Pacific Ocean and a long southern arm
of the Bay of San Francisco. Running its full length about
midway between ocean and bay is the Santa Cruz (or Sierra
Morena) Range of mountains, the altitude of the crest being
about 2,500 feet in the south, and only slowly decreasing in
altitude toward the north. My collecting ground, in the vicin-
ity of the villages of Menlo Park, Palo Alto, Mayfield and of
the University, has been on the bay side of these mountains in
the southern or basal portion of the peninsula.

The locality is not a malarial region. Several cases of
malaria have been reported by resident physicians, but it
appears, upon inquiry, that each patient so reported had either
recently been away from the town or had recently come from
a distance. : .

The various lakes, pools, streams and troughs in the neigh-
borhood were visited continuously from September 5 to Decem-
ber 1, 1901, and again from March 1 to May 10, 1902, at inter-
vals of a week or two.

Anopheles punctipennis and Anopheles maculipennis were
found at various times and in various places, 4. maculipennis

10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’04

having the wider range and being more abundant in this lim-

ited area. :
The following table gives the distribution, association and
date of finding :

Date Species. Locality
1) Sept. 5 or | A. pune. L. Francisquito Cr. | With Culex (species
not identified.
B45 Saas fuss. L.&P} Flume Abundance of Algz.
312 ake tik ‘« | Francisquito Cr. | Without Culex (oppo-
site side of stream
from I.
=e eh eee oo SF nace, s A mile or so below
where 1 and 3 were
found.
PER A. mac. L & P | Pasturage Trough | With Culex incidens.
GB) > “ir ag pate zr is a A mile or so west of
trough where 5 were
found. ;
| a wep seer © Flood Lake With Culex tarsalis.
8| Oct. 5 A. punc. &/| Pasturage Trough | Same as 6.
tnac. L
Ope Pig A. mac. L 2: sf A mile or so east of
trough where 5 were
found.
TRH ee 5 esti: ai Sere e 34 In a field on opposite
side of road from g.
5 OE 6 ‘ “L,P & E! Tank overflow With Culex tarsalis.
I2) * 6 A. punc.L & P | Francisquito Cr. | 100 yds. or so above
where 4 were found,
in foul water.
13} “ 32 |A.punc.L & P| Los FrancosCr. | About a mile above
where it enters Fran-
cisquito, with Dixa.
14| Nov. 1 “ “LL, P&E! Francisquito Cr. | About a mile above
where it is joined by
Los Trancos, with
Dixa.
eg ee 5 A. mac. L & P ; Tank overflow With Culex tarsalis
| and Dixa.
16 |. 2 eae 9 Felt Lake With Dixa.
Lp sos pee “ 4 a8 <s and Culex
tarsalis.
18) Mar. 14 02 “ Tank overflow Same as II, with dra-
gon-fly and_ beetle
larve and tadpoles.
TQS 28 A. mac. L Felt Lake With dragon-fly larvze
20| April 8 “ “ _L & P| Roadside pool Near where 9 were
found last year--not
so abundant—tad-
poles.
5 tc 8 st teew Re Frenchman’s Lake
22!May 3 “ L&P' Felt Lake - |

Jan., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 11

~The collecting points were all within four miles north or
south of the University, and within six and a half miles of
each other. Felt Lake, the farthest point in one direction, is
between 200 and 325 feet above sea level. It is a reservoir
that lowers during the summer months below its outlet, but
does not dry out entirely. Flood Lake, the farthest point in
the opposite direction, is within a half-mile or so of tidewater
and usually dries out during the summer months. 4. maculi-
pennis was found in both. The troughs visited contain water
all the year round. The creeks frequently dry out during the
summer months. The tank overflow has been permanent.
Frenchman’s Lake is a small reservoir that dries out.

At no time or place were the larve of either species very
abundant. No adults were seen flying except on the evening
of April 23, 1902, in the neighborhood of Francisquito Creek,
in the willows and alders, when they were quite abundant.

The larve were, with one exception, found in comparatively
clear water. On October 6, 1901, A. punctipennis was found -
in the creek, in very foul water.

On September 29th, 1gor1, a few full-sized larve and several
pupze were brought to the laboratory from Felt Lake. A few
_ days later the adults issued, and proved to be an unidentified
species.

This species was found continuously in small numbers at
Felt Lake from October 5th to November 8th, 1901, invaria-
bly in company with Dézxa, occasionally in company with 4.
maculipennis, and, on November 8th, with Cu/ex eggs that
later development proved to be those of a new species, Caudex
kellogit 'Th., recently described by Theobald (Canadian Ento-
mologist, vol. xxxv, p. 211, August, ’03).

In general appearance and habits, the larva of this new Ano-
pheles is not unlike that of maculipennis, as described by How-
ard (‘‘ Mosquitoes,’’ p. 103 ef seg.), and in greater detail by -—
Nuttall (‘‘ Studies in Relation to Malaria,’’ Jour. of Hygiene,
vol. I, 1900, p. 51 ef seg.)

In detail we find, in a fully-grown larva of this species, on
the ventral surface of the thorax, three sets of lobes, bearing
characteristic hairs: (a) a pair on the prothoracic part of the

12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’o4

thorax, bearing four stout, bristle-like, unbranched hairs, three
of equal length and one half the length of these; (0) a pair
on the meso-thoracic part of the thorax, bearing two stout,
bristle-like, unbranched hairs, unequal in length ; (¢) a pair on
the meta-thoracic part of the thorax, similar to, but shorter
than those of 6. These parts differ somewhat from correspond-
ing parts in other species examined.

The pupa agrees in a general way with the pupa of 4. macu-
lipennis described by Dr. Nuttall, and with my own observa-
tions upon A punctipennis. ‘There is to be observed, however,
a difference in the character of certain hairs on the posterior
lateral margins of the abdominal segments. In the species —
under observation, these are stout and simple on each segment
from the second to the eighth, becoming branched on the
eighth, agreeing in this particular with 4. maculipennis, but
not with A. punctipennis. .

There is also a characteristic difference in the marginal teeth
on the posterior fins. In the new species these are short and
sharp, and appear in three longitudinal rows, the teeth decreas-
ing in size postero-anteriorly.

It is in the adults, male and female, that the most character-
istic difference between species is found, noticeably in the
markings of the palpi, the seteze on the genital lobes of males,
scales, and the markings of wings on both males and females.

The following is a description of the adult of the new spe-
cies: _

Anopheles Franciscanus n. sp.

Male.—Head dark brown, with short, dark, erect scales
toward the nape, emarginate and slightly forked, vertex and
anterior part of occiput with short, light brown scales not
forked, a tuft of light brown hairs projecting forward between
the eyes, a row of similar hairs projecting forward, encircling
the eyes posteriorly; eyes deep purplish brown; antennz
about two-thirds length of palpi, yellowish-brown hairs, basal
joint dark brown; palpi equalling proboscis in length with
emarginate scales from base to tip on under and outer surfaces,
those upon outer surface dark, upon under surface light, long
light hairs covering distal third, becoming short and stout at

., 04} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13

the apex ; a light area at base of three distal segments, giving
a slightly banded appearance ; two distal joints spatulate, pro-
‘boscis scaled except labella, labella covered with medium stout
setee, a few light hairs at apex.

Thorax: prothorax lobes dark; mesothorax dark brown at
the sides, with scattered light hairs, a broad light brown
patch in the middle; within this light area a median line and
obscure lateral lines; scutellum light with single horizontal
row of hairs; metanotum dark without hairs ; halteres dark,
covered with thick pubescene and emarginate scales; stalks
light without scales.

Abdomen, basal area of each segment light, covered spar-
ingly with long, light hairs ; two stiff hairs on posterior mar-
. gin of distal segment, stout hairs on margin of genital lobes.

Legs, coxa and trochanter light ; trochanters, femora, tibiz
and tarsi covered with short, dark, emarginate scales and
setze; ungues of front legs very unequal, the larger one
with a large median tooth and a smaller basal lobe; middle
ungues curved, with blunt basal lobes ; posterior ungues equal,
simple ; posterior metatarsus slightly longer than tibia.

Wings with dark costa, with two distinct, nearly equal, yel-
low spots—one at distal end of sub-costal vein, one at and
involving distal end of first long vein ; fringe dark, with a yel-
low spot at the end of each vein except at the end of the sixth ;
the first spot carried on to the first long vein, the apical spot
carried past over long vein on to the upper branch of the sec-
ond long vein; the second long vein dark except for a few
basal light scales; third long vein yellow in the middle, dark
at the base and apex; light area at base of third long vein
carried over the fourth on to the upper branch of the fifth, with
a few light scales at base ; main branch of fifth long vein light,
except at base and apex; distal half of sixth long vein dark,
except at apex, basal half light; sub-costal with a light spot
carried to the the first long vein ; (in one specimen the light
spot on sub-costal missing) ; third long vein prolonged slightly
into the basal cell; first sub-marginal cell longer and slightly
narrower than second posterior cell, stem twice the length of
the cell; stem of second posterior cell prolonged to base of

14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’o4

wing; supernumerary cross vein adjacent to or but very

shortly removed from mid cross-vein and equal to it in length
when removed nearer to apex of wing; posterior cross-vein a °
little longer than mid cross-vein and varying in distance from

it from one-half to almost twice its own length; third long

vein prolonged slightly into the basal cell, darkest scales on

costal, sub-costal and first long veins.

Palpi of the female equalling proboscis in length, light area
at base of three distal segments, giving a banded appearance,
clothed with scales, short hairs and sete as in male, distal
joints not spatulate; legs with the ungues equal; otherwise
agreeing with the male.

This paper was prepared in the Entomological Laboratory
of Stanford. University, under the direction of Prof. V. L.
Kellogg. a Me

Pitcher-Plant Insects.

By: FRANK MorTON JONES, Wilmington, Del.
(Plates III, IV.)

In the rolling sandy country characteristic of the south-
central portion of North Carolina, Sarracenia flava, the pitcher
plant known locally as ‘‘ fly-catcher’’ or ‘‘ trumpets,’’ grows
to perfection. Great clumps of its greenish-yellow foliage
fringe the ponds or occupy springy places on the slopes and in
the hollows. Sometimes single leaves reach a height of more
than three feet, but even in favorable situations the average
height of the mature and well-developed leaves is not more
than twenty-six inches. In August, most of the leaves are
tough and mature, their secretion of nectar as a bait for insects.
seems to have ceased, and evidently the most active period for
the capture of insects is over for the year; so that by gather-
ing an armload of the larger leaves and carrying them to some:
drier, shadier spot for examination at leisure, we may get a
very fair idea of the season’s catch. The wide upper portion.
of the tube is usually empty, but on cutting down to where it:
natrows we soon come to the more recent victims, and some

interesting moths in fairly good condition were secured in this:
way. Agrotis ypsilon was thedlargest living moth; observed.
Not infrequently two or three large beetles would be found,

+

04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 1s

tumbling over one another in fruitless efforts to climb the
smooth walls, which sometimes bore evidence that a strong-
jawed victim had vainly endeavored to eat his way out through
the leaf.

Below the dead and dying captives of recent date are usually
several inches of insect remains, the upper portion of the mass
dry and showing little trace of the action of the liquid secre-
tion of the plant. Only one butterfly, Pyrameis cardui, was
recognized ; but moths in great numbers and variety make up
a large portion of the mass. Catocala paleogama, a small
sphinx-moth and many Noctuide of smaller size were noted.
Of other orders Coleoptera probably predominated, the upper
portion of the mass containing many entire beetles and the
lower portion being well studded with the horny legs and
elytra of others more completely digested. Hymenoptera,
Diptera and Orthoptera were all well represented, the latter
order by a large green katydid and several specimens of D7s-
sostetra carolina, with other smaller species.

Further down in the tube the remains become more and
more fragmentary, the lower portion consisting of a gray,
vile-smelling, semi-liquid mass of decaying material, with only
here and there a trace of the hardest part of some insect ; and
here almost invariably are to be found one or more larve of
the fly, Savcophaga sarracenia, which Riley described in 1874
from specimens bred from Sarracenia variolaris.

If we walk through a clump of S. flava and bend up the
hoods or covers as we pass, here and there we will find, sitting
with folded wings in the pitchers, one, sometimes a pair of
little moths. Attempting to frighten them out, they respond
by backing further into the tube, which may be carried about
almost indefinitely and handied very roughly before the little
moth can be persuaded to leave its shelter. Once dislodged it
flies quickly to another pitcher, alights outside near the rim,

and runs in over the edge. A collection of these little moths
from .S. flava shows them to be of at least three species. The
largest and most abundant of these, “vyra ridingsii (Plate
IV), was described by Riley in 1874 from specimens cap-
tured-in Alabama: ‘It varies much in the proportion of black

16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’o4

and dull straw-yellow markings; of a series of twenty, the
uppermost figure on Plate III shows the lightest, and directly
below this the darkest specimen. Below these is shown the
second and much less abundant species, Hxyra semicrocea Gn.,
side by side with Xanthoptera semiflava Gn., with which it has
been confused in some collections, the colors and pattern being
almost identical ; but semdzcrocea is readily distinguishable by
its brownish-black head, collar and front of thorax, and by the
direction of the line separating the yellow and black areas on
the primaries. The third species, the lower pair illustrated
on Plate III, has been identified for me by Dr. Dyar as
Exyra rolandiana Grt. ‘The smaller examples with blackish
wings relieved by only a few red scales, approach £. fax;
and the larger paler specimens exhibit varying proportions of
yellow, purplish-red, and smoky-black.

To what extent the larvee of these three species of Exyra
have S. flava as their foodplant, the few hours spent among
the plants was not sufficient to determine. The small pitcher-
plant, S. purpurea (Plate III, middle figure) grew abundantly
close at hand ; some of its leaves showed evidence of feeding,
and itis known to be the foodplant of volandiana. All the
larvee observed in flava seemed to be of one species, and a
small number of moths bred from this plant all proved to be
Exyra vidingsit. ‘The general appearance of the larva is
shown on Plate III. When full grown it is brownish-maroon
in color ; head pale brown with darker band and spots; feet
black ; the larger tubercles spine-like, bearing fine hairs. ©

The young larva spins a fine silken net like a cobweb,
closing the mouth of the pitcher. This web is often absent,
sometimes ruptured and not repaired. Below this web the
larva feeds on the inner surface of the leaf, moving about on a
carpet of silk, and leaving the outer wall of the leaf intact.
Soon its sawdust-like droppings effectually plug the small end
of the pitcher, and this rapidly accumulating mass of cork-
like fragments precludes the possibility of any danger to the
caterpillar from the secretions or trap-like structure of the
plant. Before spinning its cocoon the larva sometimes cuts a
straight narrow groove around the pitcher, causing the upper

4

:

Jan., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 17

third to collapse and topple over, thus effectually closing the
mouth of the tube. This habit was not noticed in time to
ascertain how general it is, but the straightness of the groove
and the evident care exercised to make this girdling operation
complete, is not exaggerated in the drawing on Plate III.
The cocoon is flimsily constructed, either in or just above the
-corky frass which fills the tube for several inches. The pupa
is pale amber-brown, the colors and markings of the moth
showing through before emergence. It is worthy of note that
‘both Prof. Riley and Dr. Mellichamp describe the larva of
E. semicrocea as closing the mouth of S. variolaris (Plate
III, right hand figure) by fastening down the hood of the
pitcher with silk, no trace of which habit was observed in
S. flava. :

Of S. sarracenig and E. semicrocea in relation to Sarracenia
variolaris, Riley says: ‘‘ These two insects are the only spe-
cies of any size that can invade the death-dealing trap with
impunity, while the leaf is in full vigor.’’ At least one other
insect makes its home in-S. flava, however ; for of some hun-
dreds of leaves cut open, four or five contained the nest of a
solitary wasp. In each case the wasp had plugged the bottom

_ __ of the tube, usually with fine dry grass,—in one instance with

sphagnum moss ; the three to five cells were divided by loosely
packed masses of the same material, and the top closed with a
tightly packed wad. The cells of one nest were packed with
freshly gathered tree-crickets (Gcanthus), and in the one in-
stance where the builder could be identified this proved to be
Isodontia philadelphicus Lep. (Plate III, nest and wasp).
The above observations are the result of a few hours spent
“among the pitcher-plants of Richmond County, North Caro-
lina, in the month of August. Anyone who has opportunity
to observe them throughout the season, and especially in the
early spring, would doubtless make many interesting discove-
ries in regard to these most curious plants and their insect
visitors and victims. There is a problem for someone to work
out in regard to the relation between the plants and certain

_ ants whose colonies adjoin them, and there is a great deal

more to be added to these necessarily fragmentary notes.

18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’o4

Description of the type of the genus Curriea Ashm.
By WiLLt1AM H. AsHMEAD, M. A., D. Sc.

The genus Curriea was characterized in my generic table of
the tribe Braconini in my Classification of the Ichneumon-
Flies, in the Proceedings of the United States Museum, vol.
Xxiii, 1900, p. 137, upon a unique specimen collected by Mr.
Rolla P. Currie, in 1897, in Liberia, Africa.

The genus is easily recognized by the very large eyes, which
occupy the whole sides of the head, extend to the base of the
mandibles, and are emarginate within opposite the insertion
of the antennez. It is the only genus, falling in the sub-
family Braconine with emarginated eyes. Below I give a
figure and description-of the type.

Curriea fasciatipennis new species.

?.—Length 7 mm. ; expanse
of wings 18 mm. ; ovipositor
longer than half the length of
=") the abdomen. Uniformly brown-
ish. yellow, polished, impunc-
tate, the eyes and the sheaths
of the ovipositor, black ; wings
yellowish-hyaline, with three
transverse fuscous bands, the
first across from the parastigma,
the second across from the ex-
treme apex of the stigma, the
third at the apical margin and
connected with the second by
a fuscous streak along the front and hind margins of the wing ; the hind
wings have their apices fuscous: the costal vein, the parastigma, the post
marginal vein except at apex, and the median vein, are fuscous, while
the stigma and internal veins are yellow. The abdomen is shaped as in.
Melanobracon ; the first segment has a deep furrow at each side, leaving
a lanceolate elevation on the disk ; the second segment has a triangular
elevation at basal middle, with a depression on either side, the depres-
sions with elevated lines; the third and the following segments are
smooth, with the extreme apical margins rimmed, the third being sep-
arated from the second by a crenulate furrow.

Type.—-Cat. No. 7320, U. S. N. M.

Mount Coffee, Liberia. Described from a single specimen
taken by Mr. Rolla P. Currie, in honor of whom the genus
was named.

ee

Jan.; 04] | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 19

Destructive Beetles: A Note on Landscape
Gardening.
By A. L. MELANDER, Chicago.
(Plate V.)

The group of inland lakes feeding the Fox River in northern
Illinois has lately sprung into popularity. Pistakee Bay is one
of these pleasure resorts where the busy people of Chicago
find a summer's recreation. During the times of its inhabi-
tation by the Indians the region about this picturesque spot
had become thickly studded with a forest of oaks and hickory
extending far inward. The advent of the pioneer farmer in
1825 necessitated the clearance of the oak forest, but for prac-
tical, if not for aesthetic reasons a narrow fringe of timber
was left outlining the rolling gravel banks along the shore.
Twenty years ago sportsmen from Chicago discovered this re-
treat and advertised its popularity.

The wooded shore line, which had been regarded as useless
farm land was surveyed and the lots found ready purchasers.
One of the first who chanced upon this delightful place was
especially assiduous in introducing ‘‘improvements,’’ which
consisted chiefly in keeping the grass cropped and free from

fallen autumn leaves.

All went well until about five yearsago. Then the twigs
clipped by Llaphidion villosum became especially numerous.
Orthosoma, Clytus and Saperdas flew nightly to the lighted
windows. The shelf-fungus, Polyporus, started growing on
some of the grander old oaks, and suddenly the fact was noticed
that the prided trees were better in a wood-pile. The accom-
panying photograph clearly shows their condition at the time.

Why should not the dying trees have included the neigh-
bors? A line of dead trunks practically marked the limits of
the property under notice, while on either side the trees were
still flourishing. The contour of the land will help to answer
this question. The lots mentioned were selected on account of
their wooded hills. On either side the land lies low, mucky
from the drainage of the higher ground. This conformation
manifests itself also in the character of the trees: in the low-
lands the oaks are magnificient, higher the hickories appear.
This difference in elevation, although less than twenty-five

20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’o4

feet, causes corresponding differences in vegetation striking
enough to be classed almost as mesophytic and xerophytic.

Nature had long ago distributed her trees so that the leaves
of the past year helped to grow those of the present, read-
justing any unbalance caused by a deficit in the food-material
of the soil. Mans’ improvements, grass-cutting and leaf-rak-
ing, naturally impoverished the soil rendering the incipient
xerophytic hill a poor producer. The trees were slowly starved,
and in their weakened condition succumbed to the attacks of
their insect foes. -On the other hand the healthy trees of the
lowland were able to withstand the depredations of fungi and
boring insects, which probably would have had no incentive
for attacking them.

A word of suggestion to similar land owners may be given.
If these trees had been kept in health by artificial fertilization
possibly they could have withstood the leaf-raking. To re-
place the abstracted nourishment trenches could have been dug
around the trees to be filled with manure or other suitable
food at the close of each season. Had this been done the trees
would probably have been preserved more effectually: than by
waging war on the insect foes.

LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL BEETLES INFESTING THE TREES,

Bark-beetles and fungus feeders. Lucanus dama Thunb.
Fiister Lecontei Mars. Orthosoma brunneum Forst.
lps quadriguttatus Fabr. Elaphidion villosum Fabr.

enebrioides mauritanica Linn. Elaphidion mucronatum Fabr.
Pyrochroa flabellata Fab. Eburia quadrigeminata Say.
Boletophagus bifurca. Xylotrechus colonus Fabr.

Wood-borers. Urographis fasciatus Deg.
Melanotus communis Gyll. Alobates pennsylvanica Deg.
Melanotus decumanus Er. Merinus laevis Oliv.
Melanotus fissilis Say. Xylopinus saperdioides Oliv.
Dicerca divaricata Say. Tenebrio tenebrioides Beauv.
Dicerca asperata Lap & Gory. Diaporus hydni Linn.
Melanophila drummondi Kirby. Meracantha contracta Beauv.
Chrysobothris femorata Fab. Scotobates calcaratus Fabr.
Chrysobothris azurea Lec. Platydema subcostatum Lab.

Tenebrio and Alobates outnumbered the others, and at the
time of emergence could be found by dozens under the loosened
bark. The presence of so many wood-borers attracted num-
bers of parasitic insects, especially ichneumons and Braconids.
The wasp Cerceris was also noticed, possibly searching like its
European relatives for the Buprestidee,

Jan., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 21

“Two New Species of the Bee Genus Perdita from

Indiana and New Jersey.
By Henry L. VIERECK.

Perdita gerhardi n. Sp.

My friend Mr. Wm. J. Gerhard recently sent me specimens
(four 2 and two $ ) ofa little bee with the observation ‘‘ They
were taken on or hovering over Monarda punctata.”’ .Their
color is much like the hue of the bracts and corolla of the flower
they visit. My finding this little bee undescribed prompted
me to determine a species I had taken in New Jersey on the
same flower—this likewise proved to be an undescribed species.

I sent a specimen of P. gerhardi to Prof. Cockerell who

kindly sent a table of allied forms.
P. gerhardi has characters of Phzloxanthus Ashmead and

Perditella Ckll. Length of female 5.5 mm.

Color —Bright yellow with brownish tinge ; scape, head, dorsulum,
pleura and legs with a ferruginous tinge; greater part of flagellum, spot
mesad of each fovea, foveze, spot on lower third of mesopleura, tarsi of
posterior legs and posterior margin of femora of last pair of legs blatk or
blackish. Margins (posterior) of first three dorsal segments of abdomen
blackish. Wings pale yellowish, stigma pale yellow, nervures brownish.

Head very finely granulose. Clypeus and sides of face adjoining with

~ sparse indistinct punctures. Fovea on front extending from a little
below the supraorbital line, nearly to the level of the insertion of antenne,
close to the gye margins and shallow. Face distinctly quadrate. Clypeus
truncate. Labrum nearly twice as wide as high, V on anterior margin.
Clypeus semicircular at base. Space between anterior and lateral ocelli
about one-half the distance between posterior ocelli; distance between
posterior ocelli a little greater than that between them and nearest eye
margin. No malar space. Cheeks narrow and rounded. Scape cylin-
drical as long as or a little longer than first four joints of flagellum ;
pedicellum broader than and longer or about equal to the first joint of
the flagellum ; joints of flagellum subequal. Maxillary palpi six jointed,
joints subequal, labial palpi four jointed, first joint nearly twice the
length of the other joints fused. Tach side of face with a shallow
pit near the insertion of antenne.

‘Thorax.—Dorsulum dullish, finely granular, with sparse indistinct
punctures and a median impressed line extending from the anterior
margin to near the middle. Tegule more shining than dorsulum, rest
of the thorax (except metathorax posteriorly which is more shining)
sculptured nearly like dorsulum. /osferior face of metathorax with

22 _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’04

a slight median line on the upper half and a narrow median line -

or rather impression on lower half. Metatarsus as long as the other
joints fused. Claws cleft, the tooth distinctly shorter than the claw.
Transverse median nervure received by the median cell about one-fourth
mm. basad of the basal nervure ; first and second recurrent nervures in-
terstitial or nearly t. e. a little basad of interstitial with (but with no
space whatever between) the transverse cubiti. Area of marginal cell
about equal to. second cubital; stigma atleast four times as long as high
and a little longer than the marginal cell, distance between stigma and
insertion of first transverse cubitus in the marginal nervure about equal

to the width of the truncation in the latter; second division of radius

longer than the first, third longer than second, about as long as first plus
second.

Abdomen, —Sculpture much like that of dorsulum ; segments depressed
along posterior margin, more in the middle than on the side. Pygidial
plate flat, shining, triangular, narrowly but deeply emarginate at apex
Sorming aw.

3 Length 5mm. Much like the other sex except in color. Frontal
foveze a dot. With exception of some blackish sutures, spot on meso-
pleurze, spot on face mesad of fovea and dark tubercles, yellow. Wings
as in the female, but the recurrent nervures instead of being inserted
slightly basad of transverse cubiti are slightly beyond interstitial. ©

Type locality of gerhardi East Chicago, Indiana.
Prof. Cockerell’s table of the Yellow species of Perdita is as
follows :

‘* About 4 mm. long, cheeks of § armed with a stout spine... . . I

Larger, about 6 mm. or over, cheeks of §' not armed... ..... 2

1. Feead very date 2S. NS ao ee larree CkIl.

Head hot nearly so large... 5 es larree var. modesta Ckll.

2 8mm. long, mesothorax pubescent, pleura with a black patch

beata CkIl.

Smaller-about 6 mm; long... ss oe a 3

3 Very pale yellows sss ek Se ot ee ee 4

Brigh€ VOnOwy cee a (ce. yen ente hs eer van) abe ak as ea 5

4 Pleuta with.adlack patch 0 ee Sa ees wootone CkIl.
Pleura without a black patch... .......... perpallida Ckll. |

5 Pleura with a black patch, mesothorax hairy ; abdomen without ds-

Hac Diack Dans 305.52 eos ee gerhardi Vier.

Pleura without a black patch... ....... 3, Sean : 6

6 Abdomen with four narrow black bands . howardi CkIl. (flies in spring.)
Abdomen without such bands .....-. luteola Ckll. (flies in fall. )”’

Perdita monarde n. sp.

Type locality, Riverton, New Jersey,

eT

Jan., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 23

@ Length 6 mm. The characters in italics in the preceding species
occur in this one too.

Head as broad or a little broader than thorax, very finely granulose,
dull ; clypeus a little pointed medially on the anterior margin, at base.
Distance between posterior ocelli distinctly less than that between
them and nearest eye margin. Scape cylindrical, equal to or a little
longer than first five joints of flagellum fused ; face rather flat, no shal-
low pits. Rest of the insect sculptured like head, metathorax and abdo-
men inclining to shiny. Posterior face of metathorax at base with
a shallow pit. Claws simple. Area of marginal cell greater than the
area of the second cubital. Distance between stigma and insertion of
first transverse cubitus on the radial nervure greater than the width of
the truncation, second division of the radius shorter than the first, third
division nearly equal to the first plus the second.

Color.—Dark metallic green, face with white and bronzy black marks,
the bronzy black marks on the clypeus and supraclypeal mark ; scape and
flagellum yellow below, blackish above. A short line at base of poste-
rior orbits, spot at base of mandibles, line from corner of pronotum to
tubercles, tubercles, tegula and a spot on lower half of mesopleura
whitish. Labrum and mandibles yellowish to ferruginous. Legs yellow
except femora, four anterior tibiz on posterior surface and posterior pair
of tibiz and legs which are dark brown to black. Abdomen colored
like the legs 7. ¢. yellow and black or dark brown, venter yellowish
marked with brown.

oS Length 4mm. Claws cleft, otherwise like the other sex in structure

_and sculpture. Color pattern like that of the female, less black on the

face, no broad suture of black between the dog ear marks and adjoining
parts ; supraclypeal mark and upper edge of lateral face marks yellow,
below allis whitish, two small black spots on clypeus, tip of mandible
brownish ; about one-half of the cheek yellow. Scape in front and fla-
gellum beneath yellow, scape on posterior surface and flagellum above
dark brown to black. An interrupted~band on pronotum, tubercles,
greater part of propleura, large mark on mesopleura, tegulz, base of
wings, greater part of metapleura and legs (excepting stripe on femora
and tibiz, and tarsi of posterior pair of legs which are dark brown)
bright yellow. Pale color pattern corresponds to that in the female,
apex of fifth segment, all of sixth and entire venter brownish yellow.
Apex of abdomen an acute angle, brownish testaceous. Wings pale,
nervures pale brown, stigma nearly as pale as the membrane of the
wing. Recurrent nervures interstitial.

Judging from the series of both species (gerhardi 4 2 9 2
$ 3, monarde 7 2 Q 28 $ 8) one is lead to believe them very
constant in every way. J/onarde has the dog ear marks ab-
sent more often than present, the pleural marks vary in size

24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’o4

but do not disappear; the abdominal marks are contiguous
with the base of the segments, thus leaving a dark space be-
tween themselves and the apical margin. :
Monarde differs from Cockerellia Ashmead in having all
claws of the male cleft. Both species are thinly pubescent
with whitish hair. Monarde was captured August Ir, 1901,
by the writer, the species being abundant at the flowers of J/o-
narda punctata. Gerhardi was taken August 28, 1903 fe7-
dita octomaculata, Say, was taken on Aster, Big Timber Creek,
New Jersey, Septeniber 22, 1901, and on Solidago, Lawndale,
Pennsylvania, September 15, 1901, by the writer,

mais:
=>

Southwestern Geographical Names.
By T. D, A. CocKERELL

I have lately received two very excellent papers—one by
Mr. O. A. Johannsen, on Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera, and
the other, by Mr. A. L. Melander, on Mutillidee—both con-
taining erroneous interpretations of Spanish-American geo-
graphical names. I would not offer any criticism at this time,
were it not that the errors are by no means new, the literature
of American entomology being scattered with them, so it be--
comes necessary to present some sort of a protest.

(1) Arroyo. This isthe name universally used in the south-
west for a dry watercourse; that is, one which is occupied by
water only after heavy storms. Professor Townsend collected
a large number of insects in an arroyo near La Luz and Tula-
rosa, New Mexico; and the records of these are getting into
the literature. Ina paper of mine in the Annals and Maga-
zine of Natural History, the word arroyo is followed by a
comma, which was not in my MS., the printer evidently think-
ing it the name of atown. But in Mr. Melander’s Mutillidze
paper I am horrified to see numerous species reported from a
place designated ‘‘Arrogo, New Mexico’’! ‘This paper has
several other names of localities spelled wrongly ; but this is
the characteristically persistent error.

(2) Baja California. ‘‘ Baja, a place in California,’ has

Jan., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25

long been celebrated in our literature. One might as well write
of ‘‘ New, a place in England.’’ Baja California is Lower
California, and is in Mexico. Because of this misunderstand-
ing, Mr. Johannsen introduces Simulium cinerium erroneously
as a species of the United States. Both this and S. famazlz-
pense (alleged to be from Texas) are exclusively Mexican so
far as records exist.

Both Messrs. Melander and Johannsen write C. H. Town-
send for C. H. T. Townsend. The error is a serious one, as
C. H. Townsend is also a distinguished naturalist, and an en-
tirely different person.

=e —- ee -——— -

Sending Insects Through the Mails.
By L. O. Howarp.

While there has been a very general exchange of cabinet
specimens of’ insects by means of the United States mails, and
while people have sent to the State Entomologists and to the
government Entomologists living specimens with supplies of
food, Section 494 of the Postal Laws and Regulations (page
226) specifically excludes insects from the mails, ‘The enforce-
ment of this regulation by a southern postmaster recently
caused Mr. Wilmon Newell, State Entomologist of Georgia,
to urge me to inform him accurately as to the attitude of the
Post Office Department on this subject. I therefore prepared
for the signature of the Honorable Secretary of Agriculture,
a letter addressed to the Postmaster General asking for a modi-
fication of this section on: the ground that its enforcement
would hamper the work of the Department of Agriculture,
and would cause serious inconvenience to entomologists all
through the country. The Postmaster General replied
promptly and wisely, and courteously agreed to the sugges-
tion of Secretary Wilson, and urged that a representative of

* the Department of Agriculture be appointed to discuss any
proposed amendment with the Superintendent of the Railway
Mail Service. I was designated to act for the Secretary of
Agriculture, and after consultation with Mr. Alexander Grant,
Assistant General Superintendent of the Railway Mail Ser-

26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’04

vice, the following order was prepared and was issued by the
Postmaster General.

‘‘Office of the Postmaster General,
Washington D. C., Dec. 16, 1903.

Order No. 1269a.

Modify the Postal Laws and Regulations, edition of 1902,
as follows :

Section 494, paragraph 1, line 3; omit the word “‘ insects.’’

Section 496: Omit paragraph 7 and insert in lieu thereof
the following :

7. Queen bees and their attendant bees, the ‘‘ Australian
lady bird,’’ insects (live or dried), and dried reptiles may be
sent in the mails when so put up as to render it practically
impossible that the package shall be broken in transit, the per-
sons of those handling the mails injured, or the mail bags or
their contents soiled. (See paragraph 1 of this Section. )

H. C. Payne, Postmaster General.’’

Knowing that this order will be of wide interest to ento-
mologists, I trust that this communication will be published
in HNTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

~<e>

List of the Cicindelidae of North Carolina, with
Notes on the Species.

By FRANKLIN SHERMAN, JR., Entomologist N. C. Dept.
Agriculture, Raleigh.

In the Canadian Entomologist for August, 1902 (vol. xxxiv,
p. 217), Mr. Edward D. Harris hasa paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on
Cicindelidge in North Carolina,’’ in which he mentions six
species and varieties ; and this has stood alone, so far as I am
able to learn, as a contribution to our knowledge of this family
in North Carolina. The present paper is intended to be com-
plete so far as it has been in the power of the writer to make it
so, and is based largely on collections made in various parts of
the State in the last two years. All actual captures of unques-
tionable authenticity of which I can find positive record, are

a> 5

Jan., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 27

included, but no place has been given to doubtful or ‘‘ prob-
able’’ species. We have specimens of most of the species and
varieties enumerated, as mentioned in the text.

The determinations have been made by Mr. E. A. Schwarz
of the National Museum and Mr. Charles W. Leng of New
York City, to both of whom thanks are due. The nomen-
clature adopted is that of Mr. Leng in his ‘‘ Revision of the
Cicindelidze of North America.’’

In this list ‘‘ Hen. No. —’’ refers to the numbers given to
the corresponding species in Mr. Samuel Henshaw’s “‘ List of

_ the Coleoptera of North America.’’ The /e¢fers in parenthesis

(E, NE, etc. ), immediately after the name of a locality, denote
its general position in the State, as east, northeast, etc.

1. Tetracha carolina Linn. Hen. No. 12.

Only records are from east central part of the State. Speci-
mens in N. C. Dept. Agr. Collection.

Raleigh (E.C.) July 1900, C. S. Brimley. July 26, 1901,
F. Sherman. July—Aug., 1902, frequent on pavements under
electric lights; F. Sherman. July—Aug., 1902, common under
stones in garden; C. S. Brimley.

__ Princeton (E. C.) July 28, 1902, F. Sherman.

2. Tetracha virginica Linn. Hen. No. 13.

Only records are from east central part of State. Specimens
in N. Car. Dept. Agr. Collection.

Raleigh (E. C.). July 8, 1902, under board in sod orchard ;
F. Sherman. July 8—Aug. 16, 1902, eleven specimens under
stones in garden; C. S. Brimley.

Smithfield (E. C.) July 30, 1902, under board near river
bank ; F. Sherman.

3. Cicindela unipunctata Fab. Hen. No. 17.

Only records are from western part of State. One specimen
from collection of Morrison in N. C. Dept. Agr. Collection ;
others in U. S. Nat. Mus. Collection.

Retreat (W.), June 8 (yr.?), Hubbard and Schwarz.

Mountain roads (W.), Morrison, Blanchard.

28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’04

4. Cicindela scutellaris var unicolor Dej. Hen. No. tga.
Only records are from southeastern part of State. Speci-
mens in N. C. Dept. Agr. Collection.
Southern Pines (S. E.), Mch, 1901 ; common on sandy soil
near pine woods; F. Sherman.
_ Montague (S.E.), early May, 1902, E. D. Harris.
Wilmington (S.E.), Wenzel.

4a. Var. modesta Dej. Hen. No. rgc.
Only record is from eastern part of State.
Goldsboro (E.), early May, 1902, in road; E. D. Harris.

4b. Var. rugifrons Dej. Hen. No. rod.

Only record is from east central part of State. Specimens
in N. C. Dept. Agr. Collection.

Raleigh (EK. C.) Sept. 11, 1902, C. S. Brimley.
5. Cicindela sexguttata Fab. Hen. No. 24.

All records from central and eastern parts of State. Speci-
mens in N. C. Dept. Collection. .

fligh Point (C.), early May, 1902, E. D. Harris.

Jamestown (C.), early May, 1902; along paths in woods
near river; E. D. Harris.

Chapel Hill (C.) Apr. 4, 1888, G. F. Atkinson.

Maxton (S.E.) May 5, 1901; common on banks of ditch in
pine woods; F. Sherman.

Garysburg (N.E.), Apr. 7, 1902; under loose bark of fallen
tree; F. Sherman.

Goldsboro (E.) early May, 1902, in woods; E. D. Harris.

5a. var. harrissii eng. Hen. not listed.

Only record is from western part of State. .
Mountain Roads. (W ) Beutenmiuller.

6. Cicindela patruela Dej.—Hen. No. 24 b.

Only records are from western part of state. Specimens in
N. C. Dept. Agr. Collection. ao

Blowing Rock, (W.) June 27, 1901. Not rare along paths
at 4,000 ft. elevation. F. Sherman.

Spruce pine, (W.) Sept. 24, 1902, about 2,000 ft. elevation.
F, Sherman.

‘* Mountain roads’’ (W.) Beutenmuller. Morrison.

‘

04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 209

7. Cicindela purpurea Oliv.—Hen. No. 25.
Only record is from high mountain elevation in western part
of state. Specimens in N. C. Dept. Agr. Collection.
Blowing Rock, (W.) Aug. 15, 1902. Common along path
through pasture at 4,000 ft. elevation. F. Sherman. —

8. Cincindela splendida Hentz.—Hen. No. 25, i.

Only definite record from mountains in western part of state.
Specimens in N. C. Dept. Agr. Collection.

Flomestead, (W.) Sept 11, 1902. Roadside, very active and
shy. F. Sherman. ‘‘ V. C.’’ Morrison.

9. Cicindela vulgaris Say.—Hen. No. 32.

Evidently throughout the state. Specimens in N. C. Dept.
Agr. Collection.

Raleigh, (E. C.) Sept. 26, 1900, Oct. 1900, May 17, 1901,
Mar. 29, 1902, Apr. 7. F. Sherman.

Montague, (S. E.) Early May, 1902 (specimens of typical
size.) E. D. Harris.

Goldsboro, (E.) Early May, 1902 (Dwarf form.) E. D.
Harris.

Hamlet, (S. E.) Early May, 1902 (Typical.) E. D. Harris.

- Southern Pines, (S. E.) Oct. 15, 1900, Mch. t1gor. F.

Sherman.

Jamestown, (C.) Early May, 1902, (Typical) on banks of
Deep River. E. D. Harris.

High Point, (C.) Early May, 1902 (Dwarf.) E. D. Harris.

Charlotte, (C.) Early May, 1902, abundant (dwarf) along
creek. FE. D. Harris. Apr. 25, 1902. F. Sherman.

Burnsville, (W.) Oct. 3, 1902. F. Sherman.

Blowing Rock, (W.) Aug. 29, 1902. F. Sherman.

10. Cicindela repanda Dej —Hen. No. 33.

Abundant near water. Probably throughout the state,
though all records but one are from central and western parts
of state. Specimens in N. C. Dept. Agr. Collection.

Hamlet, (S. E.) Early May, 1902. E. D. Harris.

Raleigh, (E. C.) Oct. 1900. Abundant on sand near stream.
F. Sherman. July, 1902, common. F. Sherman, Oct. 26,

30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’04

1902. Numbers found under about % in. of sand on bank of
stream, perhaps hibernating. F. Sherman.

Jamestown, (C.) Early May, 1902, abundant on banks of
Deep River. E. D. Harris.

High Point, (C.) Early May, 1902. E. D. Harris.

Charlotte, (C.) Early May, 1902, on banks of stream—“‘‘in
unusual range of size.’’ E. D. Harris.

Old Fort, (W.) Sept. 9, 1902, common near stream. F.
Sherman.

Whittier, (W.) Sept. 1902, common near stream. F. Sher-
man.

Linville, (W.) Aug. 1902, common near stream at about
3,000 ft. elevation. F. Sherman.

ll. Cicindela 12-guttata Dej.— Hen. No. 33 c.

Probably throughout the state, though all records are from
Raleigh to westward. Specimens in N. C. Dept. Agr. Collec-
tion.

Raleigh, (E.C.) Sept 1900, Oct. 1, 1900, Apr. 5, tgor. F.
Sherman. Oct. 26, 1902, found under about % in. of sand on
bank of small stream, perhaps hibernating. F. Sherman.

Snow Camp, (C.) Aug. 22, 1902. F. Sherman.

Oakdale, (C.) Aug. 22, 1902. F. Sherman.

Jamestown, (C.) Early May, 1902. Banks of Deep River.
E. D. Harris.

Charlotte, (C.) Early May, 1902. Banks of stream. E. D.
Harris.

Flomestead, (W.) Sept. 11, 1902. In road near stream. F.
Sherman.

12. Cicindela hirticollis Say.— Hen. No. 35.

Only record is from seashore. Specimens in N. C. Dept.
Agr. Collection.

Beaufort, (Shakleford Banks) (Extreme E.) Ate 9, 1902.
Along inlet shores in company with C. dorsalis var. media and
C. marginata, F. Sherman.

13. Cicindela punctulata Fab.—Hen. No. 4o.

Common apparently throughout the state along paths. Spe-
cimens in N. C. Dept. Agr. Collection.

——

_-

Jan., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 31

Beaufort, (Extreme E.) Aug. 11, 1902, common. F. Sher-
man.

Raleigh, (E. C.) July 15, 1902. F. Sherman.

Chapel Hill, (C.) Sept. 17, 1885. G. F. Atkinson.

Oakdale, (C.) Aug. 1902. F. Sherman.

Greensboro, (C.) Aug. 25, 1902, common. F. Sherman.

Newton, (C.) Aug. 1902. F. Sherman.

Burnsville, (W.) Sept. 1902, Oct. 1. 1902. F. Sherman.

Blowing Rock, (W.) Aug. 1902, common along path. F
Sherman.

Waynesville, (W.) July 1901, common along path. F. Sher-
man.

Retreat, (W.) May 15. Hubbard and Schwarz.

14. Cicindela dorsalis var. media Lec.—Hen. No. 42 a.

Only record is from seashore. Specimens in N. C. Dept.
Agr. Collections.

Beaufort, (Shakleford Banks) (Extreme E.) Aug. 9, 1902,
common on inlet shores in company with C. marginata and
C. hirticollis. -F. Sherman.

15. Cicindela marginata Fab.—Hen. No. 44.

Only record is from seashore. Specimens in N. C. Dept.
Agr. Collection.

Beaufort, (Shakleford Banks) (Extreme E.) Aug. 9, 1902,
on inlet-shores in company with C. dorsalis var. media and
C. hirticollis, F. Sherman.

16, Cicindela blanda Dej.—Hen. No. 49.

There is but one indefinite record for this species. ‘‘ J.
C. River banks.’’ Leconte record.

17. Cicindela gratiosa Guer.—Hen. No. 54.

Only record for this species is from Wilmington, seven miles
from seashore. Specimens were probably taken on shore.
Specimens in N. C. Dept. Agr. Collection.

Wilmington, (S. E.) Wenzel.

18. Cicindela rufiventris Dej.—Hen: No. 64.

All records are from middle part of state. Specimens in N.

-C. Dept. Agr. Collection.

32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, {Jan. ’o4

Raleigh, (E. C.) July 15, 1902. Along road in open mixed
woods. F,. Sherman.

Durham, (C.) Aug. 1902. In field near mixed woods. F.
Sherman.

Oakdale, (C.) Aug. 22, 1902. F. Sherman.

Greensboro, (C.) Aug. 1902. F. Sherman.

19. Cicindela abdominalis Fab.—Hen. No. 67. _

Only records from southeastern part of state. Specimens in
N. C. Dept. Agr. Collection.

Southern Pines, (S. E.) Aug. 15, 1902. At edge of pine
woods. F. Sherman.

Wilmington, (S. E.) Wenzel.

ed

Two New Bees.
By T. D. A. CocKERELL.

Anthophora stanfordiana n. sp.— 2. Length about 15 mm. ; black, with
erect black hair, except that the mesothorax as far back as the hind edge
of the tegulz, and the dorsum of the second abdominal segment except
basally, are thickly covered with ochraceous hair, and there is a little
pale hair in other places, namely on the face, labrum, hind margin of
third dorsal abdominal segment, and especially on the fourth and fifth
ventral segments of the abdomen, where the light hairs are both numer-
ous and long. The femora are dark red, but the tibize are reddish-black,
while the tarsi are dark with the small joints reddish; the hair on the
legs is black, but the middle tibiz are tipped with pale, and there is at
the apex of the basal joints of the hind tarsi a very conspicuous golden
brush ; the spurs of the middle legs are dark with strongly curved Ted
tips. Tegulze black and shining, with close minute punctures; wings
fuliginous, basal nervure meeting transverse-medial.

3’. Length about 15 mm.; black, the clypeus, supraclypeal stripe,
labrum, spot on mandibles, lateral face-marks and front of scape, light
yellow ; the upper edge of the lateral face-marks is deeply concave, the
orbital side ending in a sharp point at the lower level of the antenne
sockets ; flagellum entirely black ; hair at face, front and cheeks long and
white, of occiput black; hair of thorax long and creamy-white, except
on hind part of mesothorax, scutellum, and between the wings and the
middle and hind coxz, where it is black ; mesothorax and scutellum with
smooth and shining areas ; wings considerably lighter than in the female ;
legs with mixed black and light hair, long and white on outside of tibize

Jan., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 33

and tarsi, purpureo-fuscous on inner side of basal joint of anterior tarsi,
bright orange-ferruginous in the same position on the middle and hind
tarsi; middle legs simple; basal joint of hind tarsi flattened and con-
torted, with a large tooth on the anterior margin; abdomen with erect
hair, entirely yellowish-white on the first two segments, sparser and black
on the others, with some long white hairs at the sides ; apical segment
strongly convex, bidentate, tomentose basally, with a slight longitudinal
keel ; venter with a band of light hair.

FTab.—One of each sex, collected May 17, 1892, by W. G.
Johnson on the campus of Stanford University, California.
The species is allied to A. bomboides, and would even better
merit the name than that insect. It is one of the finest and
most interesting bees in our fauna, and it seems remarkable
that it has so long remained undescribed. Prof. V. L. Kellogg,
to whom I am indebted for the specimens, kindly gives me the
following information ; ‘‘I have, among other specimens, per-
haps two dozen taken from a single colony, the individual
nests of which were all put in close together. This colony
was situated in the side of a deep bank in somewhat sandy but
nevertheless very hard and compact soil. Each entrance was
capped by a long tube, two or three inches in length, made of
bits of soil stuck together, and bent down so as to make the
_entrance obscure when looked at from above; also so as to
protect the opening from falling water. The nest-tubes were
about one-half inch in diameter.’’ (Litt., Nov. 20, 1903.)

Megachile latimanus grindeliarum subsp. n.
Q.Length 14 millim. ; the light pubescence yellowish throughout;
vertex and disc of mesothorax with much black hair (as in mendica),
but scutellum with yellowish hair; abdominal bands weaker and nar-
rower (with shorter hair), yellowish-tinged, with the overlapping pale
orange hairs on the last two bands conspicuous ; the erect black hair
does not overlap the bands, nor does it project laterally (as it does in
monardarum) so as to be conspicuous at the sides when the abdomen is
viewed from above; ventral scape orange throughout ; second recurrent
nervure ending very near to the second (morphologically third) trans-
verse-cubital; hair on inner side of basal joint of all the tarsi bright
orange ; apical dorsal segment of abdomen with erect yellowish bristles ;
abdomen perceptibly narrower than in Zatimanus.

Hab.—Colorado Springs Colorado, Sept. 10, (Cockerell).
One at flowers of Grindelia squarrosa. Another, with denuded
mesothorax, from the same locality. :

34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. - [Jan., ’o4.

The discovery of the male will probably show whether
grindeliarum is really a race of /atémanus, or a valid species.
It seems just possible though not at all probable that it is the
female of 47. avara, of which the male only is known. It
will be known from 47. nevadensis by the ventral scopa being
without black at the tip; the dorsal apical segment in meva-
densis is said to be pale sericeous, that is, resembling that of
AM. mendica, and not that of the restricted group of /atimanus,
Robertson’s genus Xanthosarus. ‘The very much denser punc-
tuation of the mesothorax, as well as the absence of projec-
tive black hairs at the sides of the abdomen, readily distin-
guish gvindeliarum from monardarum. ‘The description of
M. vidua, Smith, so nearly accords with grindeliarum that I
at first thought it possible that it might be applicable ; but our
insect is so unlike JZ. maritima (the European representative
of vidua) that I do not think it can be vidua.

A New Beetle from New Jersey.
By Wm. T. Davis.
(See Plate VI.)

Lakehurst, New Jersey, once called Manchester, has been to
some of the New York City entomologists what Anglesea is
to those from Philadelphia, or what ‘‘ Butterfly Station ’’ was
to the insect collectors of Albany in the days of Mr. Bailey
and Dr. Lintner. This is synonymous with saying that many
interesting insects have been collected at Lakehurst, and it
gives me pleasure to add to the number a Longicorn beetle pro-
nounced by both Mr. Leng and Mr. Scheeffer to be a new spe-
cies. It is true that but one specimen has been taken, but its
characters are such that it has been considered worth while to
bring it to notice. It was collected last July while beating
into an umbrella, and was pointed out as a valuable acquisi-
tion by Mr. Louis H. Joutel, for whom I am pleases to name it.

Neoclytus jouteli n. sp.

Black, head, thorax and elytra, except apical third, finely rugose. An-

tennz dark brown clothed with light hairs ; second joint short, as usual ;

outer joints slightly thickened. Head black; not carinated, eyes entire,
oblique ; front clothed with lighter hairs. Thorax black, clothed beneath

Fp ae

ee ee Te ee eee ee

04] -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35

with lighter hairs ; longer than broad, sides slightly arcuate, little wider
than the elytra, and with fine strongly elevated transverse rugz at middle
and others on each side. Elytra, black with two oblique bands of white
hairs, the anterior band narrow and the most definite. Beyond the pos-
terior band much smoother; shining; slightly tuberculate and with
minute pubescence. Abdomen black beneath ; the meta-sternum dark
brown with two transverse stripes of white pubescence. Legs dark
brown, the femora black, or nearly so. .

The length of the type is 6 mm., but the size will no doubt
vary considerably as in other species of the genus. The in-
sect is about the size and general aspect of a black Fuderces
picipes, but the structural characters are entirely different, and
the resemblance does not extend beyond the first glance.

News Don’ts.—Don't fail to pay your subscription at once.

Don’t forget to fill out the subscription blank.

Don’t make money orders or checks payable to the Academy of Nat-
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News. It does not mean that you have not paid your subscription ; but,
if you have not paid it, please fill it out at once and remit your subscrip-
tion for this year.

WaLposoro, Marne, December 4, 1903.

ENTOMOLOGICAL News.—Enclosed please find $1 in renewal of my
subscription for the ensuing year. Iam much pleased by the position
taken by the News on the question of species and genera. If it were
not for such protests there would be great danger that our system of
classification would be reduced to a meaningless mass of names. The
wholesale formation of monotypic genera and the description of species
based on trivial characters should be stopped. Authors should, more-
over, be compelled to deposit their types in some large museum, where
they would be accessible to all students, before their descriptions are
published. There is no influence to-day in American entomology so
strong as that of the News.—JoHn H. LovELvt.

,

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

{The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]

To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘copy ”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb.

considered well worthy of being adopted by the News. In-
stead of placing on the cover of the News what he was
pleased to term a monstrosity, he proposed a figure of the most
interesting insect described during the previous year, and said
that in his opinion /enotus enigmaticus,
Slosson,* was pre-eminently the one to
use for this year, and we coincided in
this opinion. This curious beetle was de-
scribed by Mrs. Slosson in the Canadian
Entomologist, vol. 35, page 183, and the
account of its discovery is interesting
reading. That most eminent savant, Mr.
E. A. Schwarz, had the figure made for
the News. We have always found him
more than willing to do anything to un-
selfishly advance the interests of entomo-
logy. Inthe future we propose to adopt
the same plan of using a figure of the most interesting insect de-
scribed during the previous year, for the cover of the January
News, and will be glad to receive any and all suggestions as
to which species shall be selected. The selection will be made
by the Editors in conjunction with the Advisory Committee.

* Described as being the size of a tiny brown ant.

36

Oe
‘ a

Jan., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37

E ntomological Literature.

THE Motu Book. A Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Moths of
North America. By W. J. Holland. With Forty-eight plates.
Doubleday, Page & Co. New York. Price $4.00 net. Postage
34 cents extra.

There are 1500 figures in the colored plates and 3cotext cuts. This work
is uniform in size and typography with the well known Butterfly Book by the
same author. Probably no book on any branch of American entomology
has been anticipated with such keen interest as this one. The literature
of the subject is greatly scattered through many publications and papers,
and figures of our moths are by no means numerous. There existed no
one book which the beginner could consult, and this work will be invalu-
able and will undoubtedly stimulate a much greater interest in these most
interesting insects. The author has figured many species in a beautiful
manner, as the three color process gives mechanical accuracy in macu-
lation even though in some cases the color values are not quite perfect.
We believe that the process, even with this imperfection, gives the best
results attainable for any but the very small species. The author has
wisely omitted descriptions and has been content to give notes in relation
to food plants and distribution. The. classification follows the recent

_ literature of the best authorities on the subject. As a whole the work

is well done, and the author has made a good selection from the abund-
ance of material. When we take into consideration the fact that there
are over 6000 species of moths in America north of Mexico it is a splendid
contribution to the subject to have 1500 or more of them figured in one
work. The book will be an absolute necessity in the library of every
lepidopterist, and a valuable one to all persons interested in entomology
or natural history in general.—H. S..-

First ANNUAL REPORT ON THE Noxious INSECTS OF THE STATE OF |
ILLinoIs. By Benjamin D. Walsh, M.A., Acting State Entomol-
ogist. From the Appendix to the Transactions of the Illinois State
Horticultural Society for 1867. Second Edition.

The original report has long been out of print. Prof. Forbes says of .
it: ‘‘Iam pleased to have the opportunity to issue a second edition of
this useful and interesting document, to the number of one thousand
copies, and I do not doubt that its republication at State expense is
amply warranted by the intrinsic value of its contents, and by its import-
ance as the first of a long series of reports of the official entomologists
of this State.”’ We are glad to see this reprint and fully endorse all
Prof. Forbes has said about it. We quote from the preface as follows :
‘In a memoir intended for publication in the proceedings of some grave
scientific society, it would, of course, be highly indecorous to break the

38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 04

dreary monotony of scientific hair-splitting by a single remark, which had
the slightest tendency towards extending that convulsive movement of
the midriff, which the vulgar herd of mankind call ‘laughter.’ But as
this Report is intended chiefly for the use of common folks, who do not
think it beneath their dignity to indulge occasionally in a hearty laugh, I
shall be pardoned, if I inadvertently here and there drop a word which
may cause the cheek of the reader to mantle with a smile. Four hundred
years ago Martin Luther said, that ‘he could see no reason why the devil
should run away with all the good tunes.’

‘I can see no reason, in the year 1867, why the pestilent yellow-covered
literature of the day should monopolize all the wit and humor. If there —
is one thing which I have at heart more than another, it is to popularize
science, to bring her down from the awkward high stilts in which she is
ordinarily paraded before the world—to show how sweet and attractive
she is when the frozen crust in which she is usually enveloped is thawed
away by the warm breath of Nature—and more especially to demonstrate
how delightful that particular branch of science, to which I have devoted
half a life-time, may be made to any one, who will keep his eyes wide
open as he walks through his garden or his orchard. If I merely succeed
in enticing away a single young woman from her mawkish novelettes and
romances into the flowery paths of Entomology, or if I can only induce a
single young man, instead of haunting saloons and lounging away his time _
at street corners, to devote his leisure to studying the wonderful works of
the Creator, as exemplified in these tiny miracles of perfection which the
people of the oe States call ‘ bugs,’ I shall think that I have not written
altogether in vain.’

SyNopsIs OF INSECT COLLECTIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION TO ILLINOIS HIGH
ScHoots. Lepidoptera. By Charles A. Hart, Illinois State Labo-
ratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois.

This work lists and briefly describes the commoner insects and those of
economic importance. References are given after each species to figures
and fuller descriptions in the literature of the subject. This method of
issuing collections to schools is a most valuable method of instructing
young people and will undoubtedly create a great interest in this branch
of natural history among young people. We wish this method would be
adopted in every State and Territory in the Union.—H. S.

Aquatic INsects IN New York State. JN. Y. State Museum Bulletin
68, August, 1903, Part 3, Life Histories of Odonata, Suborder Zy-
goptera, Damsel Flies, by James G. Needham, pp. 218-263 ; Ap-
pendix on Odonata, pp. 263-276. James G. Needham ; Distribution —
of New York Dragonflies, Additional Data, pp. 276-279, Dr. P.
P. Calvert. Mailed about October 1, 1903.

Jan., ’04]} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 39

In his remarks introductory to this bulletin, on p. 203, Prof. Needham
states: ‘‘ My chief contribution to this bulletin is the description of the
life histories and habits of the damsel flies (order Odonata, suborder
Zygoptera). I have been able to describe the nymphs of all our 1o
genera and 23 of our 42 known species all these descriptions being new.’
And on p. 218 he continues, “‘ Of these 23, three are Calopterygide, five
are Lestinz and the remaining 15 are Agrioninze ; and fortunately the
nymphs of all our genera are now known.”’

Directions and suggestions for collecting life history material in this sub-
order are given on p. 219. Keys to families, subfamilies, genera and spe-
cies of imagos and known nymphs follow. Detailed notes on the scope,
range and general ecology of the larger groups are interspersed ; and for
each species the more important bibliography, special habits, and a de-
scription of the nymph, if known, are given. On page 222, in the key to
species of Calopteryx, amata is stated to have the wings uniformly colored.
As originally described by Hagen and as verified by the examination of a
considerable number of specimens, adult males have the hind wings api-
cally brown. On p. 245, a new genus, Chromagrion, is described for
Agrion conditum Hagen, which, since 1876, has generally been written
? Erythromma conditum. The genus is defined both for the imago and
nymph, and finds its nearest affinities with Ery‘hromma and Pyrrhosoma.
On p. 251 it is stated, ** they (Enallagmas) do not, so far as I have observed,
descend beneath the surface of the water in ovipositing.’? At Round Lake,
Whitley County, Indiana, Ena//agma signatum in couple has often been
seen submerged ; and see McLachlan, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) Vol. to, p.
207. On p. 253 the name annexum is retained for the species which, as
determined by Calvert and Williamson, is identical with cyathigerum.
Agrion positum Hagen, usually known heretofore as Nehalennia posita,
is, with reason, taken from Nehalennia, (not Nehadlennia, as in the bul-
letin under review) and placed in /schnura, though it also shows affinities
with Zxallagma.

Appendix on Odonata, page 263: “‘ During the past season there has
been opportunity for making some further observations on the Odonata-
Anisoptera. * * * * It is now possible to add descriptions of the nymphs
of eleven additional species with new data on some of the others’’ dis-
cussed in Bulletin 47, New York State Museum, September, gor, pp.
429-540. On page 264, the past confusion between Gomphus fraternus
and G. externus may have resulted from a mistake made by Professor
Needham in comparing his specimens with the Illincis State Laboratory
specimens, rather than through an error by Hagen,—an error hardly pos-
sible in the light of the figures drawn by Hagen for the Monographie des
Gomphines, P\. 7, fig. 4, 1855, and PI. 21, fig. 2, 1858. Gomphus borealis
is now regarded by Professor Needham as specifically distinct from G.
descriptus. Gomphus dilatatus is designated as the type of Gomphurus,
and the remarkable nymph of this species is described. On p. 275, the
habitats of the nymphs of 62 species of Odonates are given in tabular

40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan.,

form. It is of interest to note “that, while the majority of the species live
in ponds or still water, the more generalized members of both suborders
live in rapids of streams.’’ Pages 276-279 by Dr. Calvert are notes sup-
plemental to the two lists of N. Y. Odonata published by himself. At the
present time about 125 species of dragonflies are known to occur in New
York.

In Part 2 of this bulletin, on pp. 212 and 213, is a discussion of the ecology
of 4schna constricta, especially with reference to its economic importance
in relation to brook trout.—E. B. W.

~<0>
<0r

Notes and News.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL SUA
OF THE GLOBE.

Melanoplus canonicus.—Scudder describes this species from the
- “Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona, (L. Bruner).”’ It ought to
be recorded that the specimens, though from Prof. Bruner’s collection,
were collected by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend, who obtained them (accord-
ing toa MS. note of his in my possession) down in the canyon, about
3000 to 4000 feet above sea level.—T. D. A. COCKERELL.

A Tuirp TrionyMus.—In Mrs. Fernald’s Catalogue of the Coccidz
there are two species of this genus recorded, one American, the other
European. I find from an article by Sajo in Zeits. fiir Pflanzenkrank- ~
heiten, 1894, p. 151, that there is a third species, 7rionymus hordei
(Westwoodia hordei, Lindemann), found in Russia and Hungary. As
this insect has apparently been overlooked by coccidologists, it is just as
well to call attention to it.—T. D. A. COCKERELL.

In the Nov. News, page 297, Mr. Philip Laurent doubts the capture of
Danais berenice strigosa by myself at Miami, Florida. It would have
been more logical for Mr. Laurent to have seen my specimens before ex-
pressing his convictions, as there is no doubt about var. s¢vigosa being
found there. I took about ten specimens of 7imetes petreus at Miami
which were identified for me as eleuchea. I did not discover until the
present time that they had been erroneously determined for me as e/eu-
chea and’so published in my list.—MorGAN HEBARD, Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia.

I can Go Mr. Morgan Hebard and Mr. Ellison A. Smyth one better on
the northern distribution of 7hanaos naevius. Ihave in the collection
of the Dept. Agriculture, a specimen determined as this species on
authority of Dr. Dyar, which was taken by Mr. C. S. Brimley, at Raleigh,
N. C., on May 18th, 1902.—FRANKLIN SHERMAN, Jr., Ent. Dept. Agr.,
Raleigh, N. C.

Jan., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 41

Tue DistrisuTION OF CATOPSILIA EuBuLE.—The range of this spe-
cies seems to be attracting the attention of some of the readers of the
News, and, observing the note of Mr. Witmer Stone in the October
number, I am tempted to say that having for a number of summers made
my home at Spring Lake, New Jersey, and other points on the New
Jersey coast, I never failed to find the insect quite abundant in August
and September. In the summer of 1896 and 1897, it was particularly
common, so that we ceased to pay any more attention to it than to the
common Colias philodice. My friend, Dr. A. E. Ortmann, informs me
that the species is very abundant at Princeton, New Jersey, in the fall,
and that he has found the larve on its food-plant, Cassia marylandica,
all through the Stony Brook valley, near Princeton. In western Penn-
sylvania it is scarce, but it has been taken a number of times in the
~ vicinity of Pittsburgh, and I have a specimen taken as far north as Mead-
ville, Pa. It occurs occasionally in Ontario and Wisconsin, and in the
lower valley of the Ohio it is not at all rare.

By the by, the generic name of the insect is the one above given. The
name Ca/lidryas, according to the best usage, is confined to the species
occurring in the old world and the name Ca/opsi/ia to the species of the
new world. There is a clear line of structural difference between the
Indo Malaysian and Ethiopian species on the one hand, and the Neotro-
pical species on the other.—W. J. HoLLanp, Director Carnegie Museum.

CaTopsiLia EuBuLE NorTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.—-I have read with
interest the remarks published from time to time in the News regarding
the northern range of Cafopsilia eubule. Mr. Stone, in the November
issue, remarks that he has not until this year observed it north of Cape
May County, New Jersey.

More than twenty years ago I used to take this species near East
Hampton, Long Island, where it occurred in September. It was not es-
~ pecially rare. though usually very difficult to capture, seldom alighting,
but flying steadily across country or along the ocean beach. I never
observed it more than a mile inland, where vegetation begins to grow
more thickly. Pefunias, Gladioli, and other flowers around the seaside
cottages would occasionally tempt one of them and make its capture
possible.

Summer before last (1902), for the first time, I observed eudbule at
Greenwich, Conn., near the shore of the Sound, and last summer several
were seen, in October.

The remark of Scudder (Guide to the Butterflies, 1899), that the ap-
pearance of C. eudu/e in the northern States ‘‘ may be entirely due to
migration’’ seems to me at least very possible. Its habit of flight as
observed on the Long Island coast would suggest this, and in this con-
nection is another observation that has always impressed me; C. eudbule
is an extremely wary and strong flying butterfly when seen in this region,
but in Florida it is not especially so. In fact, 1 have usually found it
there among the easiest species to capture.—W. C. Woop.

42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan.,’

THE communication of Dr. Castle in the September number of the

Ent. News, page 244, to the effect that, while collecting in Florida, he

there encountered a species of Galerita, which bombarded like the spe-
cies of Brachynus, recalls the only experience of the same kind that I
have had, and which now seems not unworthy of publication. Among a
colony of about a dozen specimens of our common Ga/erila janus, con-
gregated under a stone and found on the Chestnut Ridge in the spring of
1899, there was one that, much to my surprise, distinctly bombarded
like a Brachynus. This it did but a single time, and no effort on my part
could force it to repeat the performance. Ever since this occurrence I
have been paying close attention to the various colonies of Ga/erita that
I have met, but in no case did another evidence of their power of bom-
barding come under my observation, and hence I considered it anoma-
lous and exceptional and not generally possessed by all the individuals
of Galerita janus, or but extremely seldom employed by them when
disturbed. :

It would be interesting to ascertain whether, as implied, Dr. Castle has
observed many, or at least several of the Florida Ga/eri¢a in the act of
bombarding, or. as in the instance here recorded, but a single specimen.
P. JEROME SCHMITT, O. S. B., St. Vincent’s, Beatty, Pa.

PROBABLY no State in the Union is more agitated over insect pests
than is Texas; and in very few States is as much entomological work
being done. On November 5th and 6th a Cotton Convention was called
at Dallas, Texas, the principal subject of the discussion being the Boll
Weevil and Boll Worm. This was the second session of this Conven-
tion, the first being held in December, 1901. At the close of the session,
Prof. F. W. Mally, formerly State Entomologist: of Texas, very hospit-
ably entertained the other Entomologists in attendance. The following
note given in the Texas Farm and Ranch is sufficiently accurate with ins
exception of some of the details of the menu:

ENTOMOLOGISTS’ BANQUET.—‘‘ After the late Cotton Convention in
Dallas, Prof. F. W. Mally, of Garrison, Texas, entertained a number of
distinguished entomologists at a banquet at the Oriental. Among the
guests were: Prof. W. D. Hunter, Victoria, Texas; Prof. Sherman,
Raleigh, N. C., Prof. H. A. Morgan, Baton Rouge, La., Prof. E. Dwight
Sanderson, College Station, Texas, and Prof. A. L. Quintance, a
Texas.

Farm and Ranch was not furnished with a copy of the menu, but it as-
sumes that it ran something like this :

Weevil au naturel.

Buillon d’insecte. Boll Worm Cocktail.
Weevil on the Square.
Bolls a la puncture. Boll Worm Roti.

Cotton Stalk Tips. Alkali Cotton a la Shear.
Big Bugs a la Wilson. Cotton Blanche au Jester. Exterminators.”

Jan., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 43

All of those present with the exception of Prof. Sherman of North
Carolina and Prof. Mally, who is now engaged in the nursery and fruit
business at Garrison, are actively engaged in entomological work in
Texas. In addition to these gentlemen there are now working in Texas
the following: As assistants to Mr. Hunter, Mr. W. E. Hinds, Mr. G. H.
Harris and Dr. Morrill, Mr. A. F. Conradi, Assistant State Entomolo-
gist, and L. H. Scholl, in charge of the Experimental Station Apiary
at College Station.

The work of the Division of Entomology of the Department of Agri-
culture and of the State Entomologist has resulted in demonstrating prac-
ticable methods of fighting the Boll Weevil and Boll Worm, and it is
now largely a question of getting the cotton planters to adopt the im-
proved methods of culture outlined.—E. Dwicut SANDERSON, State

- Entomologist. .

Doings of Societies.

A regular meeting of the Entomological Section, Chicago
Academy of Sciences was held in the John Crerar Library,
Thursday evening, November 19, 1903. Seven members pres-
ent. Mr. Longley in the chair.

The election of an Honorary Curator of the Section being
in order. Mr. Comstock nominated Mr. A. B: Wolcott.

No other nominations being made, the Recorder, on motion
of Mr. Kurst, cast the ballot. Mr. Wolcott was unanimously
elected.

No further business being before the meeting, Mr. W. L.
Tower took the floor for a talk of entomological interest on
Mexico. Joun Comstock, Recorder.

The Ninth Regular Quarterly Meeting of the Pacific Coast
Entomological Society was held at the Cafe Odeon, 8 and 10
O'Farrell St., San Francisco, on the evening of August 15th.

President Fuchs in the chair.

Twelve members and eight visitors were present. Two new
members were elected.

President Fuchs delivered his annual address, which was
followed by the election of officers. Result: For President,
Charles Fuchs; Secretary and Treasurer, F. E. Blaisdell ; for
Assistant Secretary, Leon Munier.

44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’o4

Mr. James Cottle reported his ‘‘Second Trip to Shasta,”
giving a list of the species captured—the following not having
been included in his report given at the sixth meeting of the
Society (see ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, vol. xiv, No. 2, p. 60):
Argynnis leto and rupestris, Satyrus sylvestris, Thecla melinus,
Philampelus achemon, Deilephila lineata, Protoparce celeus and
Sphinx perelegans.

Prof. H. F. Wickham, being present, responded to a call by
giving some observations made during his collecting trip, not
then completed, Mr. Alex. Craw gave an account of his work
in the introduction of parasitic insects.

Mr. Géorge Coleman gave a talk on the ravages of Dendro-
tonus. Mr. L.. E. Ricksecker exhibited a scolytid beetle that
he has observed attacking fruit trees, on the shaded sides of
the trunks and branches. Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher exhibited
specimens of blown larvee that showed great skill in the art.

Mr. James Cottle, specimens of Sphinx lineata with a very
marked variation in color markings; Coleoptera: Piétyobius
murrayt & and 9, Hylotrupes amethystinus, Pachyta spurca
and Cychrus convergens (= opacicollis Casey)—all four near
Mount Shasta. Mr. J. C. Huguenin, specimens of Arvgynnzs
adiante (Q), liliana and a Satyrus near sylvestris—all from
the Santa Cruz Mountains.

Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, a box of Eleodes (sub genus Lileodes),

showing the new arrangement according to his recent studies.
F. E. BLAIspELL, M. D., Secretary.

Minutes of meetings of Brooklyn Entomological Society,
Brooklyn, N. Y. (Continued from p. 31, Vol. xiii.)

April 14, 1901.—Twenty-two persons present. Prof. John
B. Smith presiding. Messrs. Eugene A. Bremser and Lawr-
ence Ericson were elected members.

Announcement was made that the Trustees of the Brooklyn
Institute of Arts and Sciences had conferred the title of Patron
upon Mr. Edward L. Graef, by reason of the gift of his library -
and collection to that institution. Archibald C. Weeks read a
paper upon the ‘‘Injurious Effects of Field and Forest Burn-
jing in Greater New York and Vicinity,’’ showing that the

ee

co Be

., 704] - BNTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 45

miscellaneous annual burning of meadow and woodland de-
stroyed much organic matter, rendered the landscape unsightly,
exposed the soil so that it became parched, caused the drying
of small ponds and streams, killed young trees and plants, and
destroyed more beneficial and harmless insects than injurious
ones; while the destruction of plant and insect life caused
many birds to be driven away.

Discussion by Messrs. Graef, Smith, Roberts, Watson, Wa-
smuth and Weeks.

May 2, 1901.—Twenty-four persons present. Prof. John

- B. Smith presiding. Messrs. Carl Schaeffer and G. N. Barber

were elected members.

Lecture by Dr. R. Ellsworth Call, on ‘‘ The Mammoth Cave
and its Entomological Fauna,’’ illustrated by lantern views,
showing almost all the known species taken therein. Collect-
ing was a matter of great difficulty, as the interior of the cave
was absolutely dark, and the only illumination was by means
of oil lantern. By this light the collector often laid face
downward and captured whatever appeared to move. Cave
crickets (Ceutophilus) were abundant more than a mile from
the entrance. The organs of vision were lacking in most of
the species of cave inhabitants; in many forms their position

was indicated by pigment. With one or two exceptions, the

cave insects differed completely from the out-of-door forms
occurring in the vicinity.

June 12, 1901.—Twenty-six persons present. Prof. John
B. Smith presiding. Messrs. Roy S. Richardson and Howard
Bennett were elected members.

Prof. Smith presented a series of lantern views illustrative
of ‘‘Some Notes on Economic Entomology in Europe,’’ which
he had obtained while on a visit abroad during the previous
summer, and. gave descriptions of the scenery and inhabitants,
and of the methods of dealing with destructive insects.

October 3, 1901.—Twenty-four persons present. Drs. John
L. Zabriskie and Otto Seifert were elected members. Discus-
sion as to the introduction of Samza cynthia in the vicinity of

-New York, and the extent to which it was subject to parasit-
ism. Mr. Johnson stated that the introduction of S. cynthia

46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’o4

in this locality was due to the fact that at one time the strain
of Bombyx mori became depreciated, and in the course of ex-
periments to provide a substitute, the United States Agricul-
tural Department sent him one hundred cocoons. After three
years’ confinement, some of the larvee were placed upon an
Ailanthus in his yard; from whence the moths escaped and
spread. For a numberof years they were free from parasites,
but were now subject to the same attacks as our allied native
species. Sparrows destroyed the larvee after the first moult,
though but rarely after the second. Dr. Meeske and Messrs.
Roberts and Weeks instanced the parasitization of cynthia by
Ophion macrurum and a species of Smicra.. Prof. Smith noted
that this moth preferred to frequent the vicinity of large cities.
This, however, might be due to to the greater supply of food
plant to be found in such localities. Mr. Akhurst related his
experiments in breeding sama-maz for its silk. The insect so
far, however, had refused to become acclimated.

Dr. Call read copies of two interesting letters: one by Ed-
ward Doubleday to S. Calverley, formerly of Brooklyn, dated
at Epping, England, December 17, 1840; in which, among
other things, Mr. Doubleday states that he is preparing a work
on United States Lepidoptera, and had 967 species enumerated.
The other was by Dr. Thaddeus William Harris to Mr. Cal-—
verley, dated at the Library of the University, Cambridge,
Mass., November 16, 1848, written in response to Mr. Calver- .
ley’s request for a copy of ‘‘ Insects Injurious to Vegetation,’’
and in which Mr. Harris inquires who had identified Mr.
Calverley’s specimens, as he did not ‘‘ suppose there were five
persons in the United States who could do it.’’

Dr. Call also read a paper upon the species of Anophthalmus
occurring in the United States. Although there were a num-
ber of names, some were probably synonyms; which would
reduce the actual number of species to eight. In fact, the
generic name could be eliminated, and the several. species
merged with 7vechus, since there were no structural differences
upon which to base distinctions; the aborted eyes not being
recognized as a generic character. Prof. Smith preferred re-
taining the generic name, because it was desirable to havea .

i:
a
4
_
.
bs
“3

oa
4

Jan., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47

distinctive nomenclature in cases in which peculiar features
were present, even if little value had been assigned to them
elsewhere.

November 7, 1901.—Twenty-nine persons present. Prof.
John B. Smith presiding. Mr. John Kalbert was elected a
member. Sos

Prof. Smith spoke upon the structure, life history and de-
struction of certain species of mosquitoes. He made detailed
explanation of their methods, the result of their attack and
their position as purveyors of various febrile and malarial
diseases. His remarks were illustrated by lantern views and

embodied many of his original investigations and observations.

December 5, r901.—Twenty-five persons present. Prof. John
B. Smith presiding. The death of Dr. Herman Strecker was

- announced, and Messrs. Graef, Love and Weeks were appointed

a committee to prepare suitable resolutions.

Dr. Love exhibited a box of Ichneumonide, and suggested
the propriety of noting and preserving carefully all parasites
emerging from pupze, for the purpose of increasing our knowl-
edge of this family.

Dr. Seifert exhibited some 750 bred specimens of Arctia nais
supposed to be var. vffata, and related his experience in breed-
ing from a gravid female which he took in Florida in March,
and his inability to mate its progeny with zz¢ta/a in this local-

ity. He had also made experiments in rearing the larve of .

nais upon various food plants, and had subjected the pupz of
different broods to extremes of heat and cold.

Discussion as to effects of heat and cold and zstivation, by
Prof. Smith, Messrs. Franck, Graef, Meeske and Weeks. Mr.
Weeks instanced an Acronycta chrysalid found in March, rgor,
the larva of which undoubtedly pupated in the fall of 1900,
and which had so far failed to emerge, though still alive. (The
moth proved to be A. americana, and appeared in May, 1902).

Mr. Franck exhibited a second specimen of ?. phz/enor, var.
wasmutht, which had been taken in Flatbush the previous
summer, and stated that a S. cynthia 3 had been found in
copulo with a P. cecropia.

. ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS, Secretary.

48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan. ’o4

At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social held No- -
vember 18th, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 South
Thirteenth Street, Philadelphia, seven persons were present.

Mr. Beutenmueller stated that the American species of
Corymbites hitherto referred to C. viveus of Europe, is not that
species and must receive another name.

Mr. Haimbach exhibited a box of microlepidoptera including
two specimens of 7vichotaphe nonstrigella taken at Cincinnati,
Ohio. This is a rare species hitherto only represented in col-
lections by the type specimens.

Mr. H. Wenzel referred to Mr. Beutenmuller’s paper on
North Carolina Coleoptera, and stated that the typical Cychrus
violaceus and the variety of that species figured therein are no
doubt the two extreme forms of the species.

Mr. Deecke recorded the capture of Donacia floride in large
numbers on Hammonton Lake, N. J., August 23.

WILLIAM J. Fox, Secretary.

A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held November toth.
Mr. H. W. Wenzel, Vice Director, presided. Fourteen mem-
bers and two visitors were present. Twenty-one species of
Dytiscidee were presented by Mr. H. W. Wenzel.

Mr. C. B. Hardenburg stated that a circular would be sent
_ to all collectors of insects in Pennsylvania requesting informa-
tion in regard to all orders of insects with a view of publishing
a catalogue of the species of the State with exact data. Mr.
Rehn strongly advised the movement, and said a beginning
should be made along the lines indicated. Dr. Calvert said he
favored such a list and would gladly aid with the Odonata.
Dr. Calvert also gave an account of the course on entomology
he was giving at the University of Pennsylvania. While en-
gaged in the preparation of the course he had become spe-
cially interested in the Termites. _ 7. flavipes were found to
swarm in about equal numbers as regards sex. None of the
winged individuals ever produce young so far as had been ob-
served in this species. Mr. R. Godfrey was elected an Asso-
ciate. ‘ HENRY SKINNER, Jecorder.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

D

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VoL. XV. FEBRUARY, 1904. No. 2.
CONTENTS:
: Smith—Notes on the Life History of Graenicher—Wisconsin Bees: Genus
; Culex dupreei Coq................ 49 PRO SOR oni icuiec cc's ound beacon evneed 64
: Dury—Notes on Coleoptera—on Mela- Engel—Observations on Bembecia mar-
BIE MOU 5 eels are b aw'ccbaped wees os 52 ginata var. albicoma and Sesia
Hoover—Notes on an Elm Leaf Case- ROAR oasis nsteonag ie Se suw uke dante 68
bearer, Coleophora limosipennella Dyar—New North American Species
FPpaanchel)'<b.55.<ecsbes<-icieaes 54 of Scoparia Haworth............... 71
Houghton—An Unusual Injury by the Coquillett—Notes on Culex nigritulus 73
- Snowy Tree-Cricket and Notes on HAPUITIA. « ical edeavacavhes du iwcucdees 75
x its Feeding Habits................. 57 | Notes and NewS.........-<ccccsceceses 76
: Caudell—Notes on Some Orthoptera Doings of Societies...............-..2. 78
from British Columbia............. 62

Notes on the Life History of Culex Dupreei Cog.

By Joun B. SMITH.
(With Plate VII.)

This is a small mosquito originally described from Louisiana,
and it ranges in color from grayish brown to nearly black.
The dorsum of the thorax is taken up by a silvery white
stripe with diffuse edges, and this white is continued on the
head ; filling up most of the space between the eyes. It re-
sembles serratus on a smaller scale; but the stripe is not so
well defined and the maculation of the abdomen differs.

The species was first found in the larval stage July 29, 1903,
by Mr. Clarence Van Deursen, an office assistant, in a woodland
pool near New Brunswick, New Jersey. Several other species
were associated with it, but this larva was at once recognized
as distinct by its unusually long anal gills, the apparent ab-
sence of a breathing tube, and by its habit of remaining close

49

50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’o4

to the bottom. This is a singular character, and in confine-
ment they have never been observed to rise voluntarily to the
top, for air. When disturbed they sail rather than wriggle
toward the surface ; but immediately descend as soon as quiet
is restored. So inconspicuous and transparent are they, that
a jar containing them would be set aside as empty, unless
critically examined, and this, together with their habit of
hiding amongst the leaves at the bottom of the pools, renders
them difficult to secure.

A number of pupze were brought in with the larve July
29th, and from thesecamer ¢, July 30th, and 2 ¢, July gist.
Some specimens of the larva were preserved, others pupated
and yielded adults August 2,3 9; August 3,1 9: August
4,1 9; August 5,1 $; August 6,1 9. The period of the
pupal stage averaged about 3 days and offers nothing abnormal.

Another collection was made in the same locality August
13th, and a mixed lot of nearly full grown larvee and pupze
were secured. From the pupe 1 % adult emerged August
15th, and 8 $, August 18th; a very long period. Larvee
began to pupate August 15th, and adults were secured as fol-
lows: August 19,5 $; August 20,7 ¢ 1 9; August 21,
2619. The average duration of the pupal stage in this lot
was 4 days.

September 3rd, another collection was made and larvee were
secured in an earlier stage ; but these did not do well in con-
finement and only 1 $ adult was obtained, September 15th.

Full grown larve were again met with by Mr. John A.
Grossbeck, one of my field assistants, September 9th and roth,
in woodland pools in the Great Piece Meadow, an extensive
* swamp area along the Passaic River in the northern part of
Essex County. Pupation began at once and adults were ob-
tained as follows: September 13, 8 ¢; September 14, 6 ¢,
3 9; September 15,2 ¢,2 9; September 16,1 ¢,6 9. This
also gives an average duration of four days in the pupal stage.

Half grown larve were secured in the same place September
24th ; but none were brought to maturity.

This record indicates continuous breeding from the latter
part of July to the end of September, and of course it is prob-

Pie ASI On ae ae sete SL) DUM ULL Ee

oT

ee ee eee

Feb., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51

able that the breeding began much earlier in the season and
continued at least a little later. No adults were taken on the
wing and no observations were made of any attempts at bit-
ing. Practically the species is of no importance : technically
it is of the greatest interest.

The larva, figure 1 of plate vii, is whitish, almost transparent,
and 5-6% mm. inlength. The head is almost twice as broad
as long. Antenne half as long as the head, almost uniform
in thickness two-thirds from base, then tapering slightly to the
tip where there are four articulated spines and a stout little
joint. The hair tuft, figure 5, issues from a point slightly
above the middle, and is sparse, not extending beyond the tip.
At figure 2, isa drawing of the head beneath, made from a
cast skin. The rotary fan tufts, figure 3, have the hairs pec-
tinated at the tip; most obviously so toward the centre of the
structures. The mandible, figure 4, and the mentum, figure
6, offer nothing of special importance.

The thorax is one and one-half times the width of the head,
with the sides a little angulated : tufts as shown in the figure.

The anal siphon is 4% times as long as its width at base and
tapers rather evenly toward the tip. It is really a very incon-

- spicuous affair in the larva and readily overlooked in the living

specimen. At figure 1, its relation to the entire larva is
brought out, and at figure 7, its relation to the immediate sur-
soundings is shown. ‘This drawing was made from a mounted

cast skin, and the tube seems in consequence stouter than is

really the case. There are 12 spines in each of the lateral
rows, and their average form is shown at 9.

The lateral combs of the 8th abdominal segment consist of
from 8 to 10 scales each, arranged as shown at 7, and indi-
vidually like figure 8 on plate.

The anal gills are more than double the length of the anal
siphon, slender, drawn to a point, with the tracheal tubes
readily visible through the transparent walls under low powers
of the microscope.

Altogether this is a very distinct little species in all the
known stages. Of the egg, or of its method of hibernation,
I have no information.

82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'o4

Notes on Coleoptera.
By CHARLES Dury, Cincinnati, Ohio.
On Melasini.

I have taken here from time to time specimens of a Vema-
todes that was locally associated with JV.-atropos and NV. pene-
trans. Its elytra and body beneath are black. . Head and
thorax reddish brown covered with golden hairs. Body shorter
and stouter than atvopos, with the thoracic foveze round and
much deeper. Antennal joints 4 and 5 short, not longer than
wide. Joints 6, 7, 8,9, 10 and 11 longer than wide. It has
quite a different facies from either atvopos or penetrans, and
will come between them in Dr. Horn’s table, given in his ex-
cellent monograph of the North American species of Eucnemini
(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 5.) In this paper Dr. Horn
makes mention of such a species. Mr. Fleutiaux of Paris has
suggested that it might be Bonvouloir’s Mematodes collaris.
After a comparison of the specimens with his (Bonv.’s) deserip-
tion of collaris, I am satisfied that it is that species. Bonyouloir
gives Brazil and ‘‘'La.’’ as the localities, though mentions La. as
doubtful. The three species of Nematodes we find here, have
the same habits. They run rapidly on the trunks of dead
Beech, Elm and Maple trees, hiding under the bark and in
crevices. When disturbed they drop to the ground. They
emerge from round holes which they cut through the wood.
In his classification of this sub-family (Société Entomologique
de France, LXX, 1901), Mr. Fleutiaux uses J/elasine in--
stead of Eucneming. In revised list of Coleoptera observed
near Cincinnati, Ohio (Journal Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. XX No.
3), I have enumerated twenty-five species of this sub-family,
the result of over twenty-five years’ collecting. I thought I
had taken all the local species, but was surprised June 10,
1903, to find a large well-marked species that had hitherto
escaped observation. It proved to be Hylochares nigricornis
Say. They were cutting their way out of the trunk of a
huge dead White Elm, ( U//mus americana) making round holes.
The area of emergence was about 6 x 24 inches, and from this
spot I secured 107 fine specimens. ‘The species is well de-
scribed in Horn’s paper referred to, but the extreme of size in

Feb., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53

my series is 5 to 10 mm. Stethon pectorosus occurred from
June 28 until July 7 on dead elm. I took two specimens of
Adelothyreus dejeanit Bony. running on the trunk of dead
Beech. Nematodes atropos and penetrans both occurred, June
and July, on dead trees and logs, the former rare and the
latter common. Mr. Blanchard of Tyngsboro, Mass., reminds
me that in Revised List Cin. Coleop. I had overlooked the
fact that Fornax hornii Bonv. was the other sex of calceatus
Say, as mentioned in my former list, and the genus 7harops
has been superseded by /sorhipis (See Biologia Vol. 3, pt. 1.)
This makes twenty-eight species of the sub-family occurring

here.
Rediscovery of a Lost Species.

While collecting insects in a Beech woods near this city
June 24 to July 8, 1903, I observed a bright green chryso-
melid running rapidly over the leaves of ‘‘ Boneset’’ (Eupato-
rium ageratoides.) ‘The beetle was very shy, taking flight
quickly if approached. By rapid strokes of a butterfly net I
captured 31 specimens, both males and females. An examina-
tion reveals some characters of considerable interest. I feel
satisfied that the species is Say’s long lost and doubted ‘‘ Ga-
~leruca dorsata’’ (See Horn’s Galerucini, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc. xx, p. 132.) Say gives the ‘‘ Arkansa above the Virdi-
gris,’’ as the locality of his type. The female is 4 inch long,
as given in Say’s description, but the male is a little less. The
color is bright green, shining. By oblique light it changes to
deep blue. There is a pale border around the elytra. Say’s
description fits the female well. He evidently did not see the
male, as he does not mention the remarkable male characters,
which are, a large deep fovea with a short groove leading into
it, situated near the suture, a short distance from the apex on
each elytron, and a curious modification of the antennal joints
5-6 and 7 best shown in the drawing.

The species seems to be a Diabrotica and not Galeruca, and
should stand as Diabrotica dorsata (Say.)

54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ?04

Notes on an Elm Leaf Case-bearer, Coleophora
limosipennella (Duponchel.)

By WALTER W. Hoover, Brooklyn, New York.

I met this little insect for the first time in the latter part of
June, 1902, and have observed it pretty closely from time to
time since then. My attention was first attracted to it by the
numerous little brown patches on the leaves of the English
Elms (U/mus campestris) in Prospect Park, Brooklyn. An ex-
amination of the leaves revealed the fact that the patches
were made by a case-bearing insect, the larva of a small moth
belonging to the genus Coleophora. 'The exact species I
could not determine at the time but I now believe it to be
limostpennella.

The case-bearers were first noticed in Prospect Park about
1894 or 1895, but it is not improbable that they existed here
long before that, but had not become numerous enough to at-
tract attention. ‘They are now found in nearly all parts of
Prospect Park, and in several places in Brooklyn outside of
the Park, but they occur in greatest numbers on the English
Elms on what is called South Lake-Drive. While showing a
decided preference for the English Elm I have found them on
the American Elm, and on the Camperdown Elm. ‘This de-
cided preference for the English Elm leads me to believe that
like the Elm-leaf Beetle, which also prefers the European
Elms but has become a formidable foe to the American Elm,
this case-bearer is also an importation from Europe.

The case-bearer is only about % of an inch long and the
case is about % inch in length. ‘The case is made from a por-
tion of the leaf and resembles both in color and shape a
diminutive cigar. :

The manner of feeding is rather interesting and is somewhat
as follows: The caterpillar selects a place almost invariably on
the underside of the leaf usually near a vein branching
from the midvein; here it fastens the case and proceeds to
make a small round hole in the skin of the leaf. As soon as
the epidermis is eaten through and the hole thus made is large
enough to admit its head, the caterpillar begins feeding upon

Feb., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55

the soft green tissue which fills all the space between the
upper and lower skins and the large veins. Usually they eat
out all the mesophyl between two parallel veins and as far as
they can reach in the other two directions without entirely
leaving the case. It will be remembered that the case is at-
tached to the leaf and its door is exactly over the hole in the
epidermis. Once or twice I have seen a caterpillar voluntarily
leave the case altogether, but usually they keep a tight grip
upon the case, and when disturbed duck back into it with sur-
prising rapidity.

Adult moths emerged from the cases on July roth
and continued coming out for about two weeks.
They are light grey in color with beautifully fringed
wings. They spread a little over half an inch. I
kept a number of them in my breeding cage hoping

to get some eggs, but in this I was disappointed.
On July 31st I found a minute yellow speck on
an elm leaf which under the microscope proved to
be a mass of deeply pitted lemon yellow eggs. Since none
of the eggs hatched I am not sure what they were, but as they
closely resembled the eggs of another species of Coleophora, as
described by Professor Slingerland, I am inclined to believe
that they were the eggs of this species.

Although none of the eggs hatched in my cages, young
case-bearers were abundant on the English Elms during the
first week in August. They evidently construct their cases
almost as soon as they are hatched, for I have never been able
to find one without a home. The young brood do not differ
materially in habits from the old. They construct their cases
as neatly, and in the same manner as the spring brood did.

With the approach of Autumn I was anxious to know
whether the case-bearers would fall with the leaves, as in that
event they could easily be destroyed by gathering the leaves
and burning them. I was lead to hope that such would be the
case, since in my breeding cages they adhered tenaciously to
the leaves even after they had withered and become quite dry.

In fact I often had to detach them from the dry leaves and
place them upon the fresh food in order to keep them alive.

56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’04

I found, however, that by the middle of September, several
weeks before the leaves dropped, the case-bearers were already
firmly attached to the stem. Clustered around the bud at the
base of the petiole of the leaf upon which they had lived, they
passed the winter, ready to begin work upon the unfolding leaf
which the first warm days of Spring should bring out. Thus
they passed the Winter not as pupze but as hibernating larvee.

With the advent of Spring the caterpillars begin to feed
upon the unfolding leaves. Soon they feel the need of larger
quarters, but instead of building an addition to the old case,
each caterpillar makes a new case. ‘The case-bearer selects a
place near the edge of the leaf and usually near the base, at-
taches its case and begins to make a burrow in the soft green
tissue just as it normally would in feeding except that it does
not eat out so large an area as it ordinarily would, but simply
makes a burrow large enough to accommodate itself comfort-
ably and enough more to allow for growth. It then weaves a
silken web all around the interior of the burrow except at the
hole where it entered, which is left as the mouth of the case,
and a narrow slit at the opposite end which serves as a back
door for the exit of excrement. ‘The new case is still attached
to the leaf, but in a day or two it becomes dry and brittle, and
the wriggling of the caterpillar causes it to break away from
the rest of the leaf, and soon the caterpillar walks off carrying
his case with him.

The life of the case-bearer during the next few weeks may
be briefly described as spent in eating, resting quietly sus-
pended on the under surface of a leaf, and in seeking a new
place to feed. It isa curious sight to see one of these little
insects moving along a leaf with its case held out at a right
angle with the surface of the leaf upon which it is moving ;
it reminds one of a very small Bag-worm, 7hyridopteryx ephe-
mereformis.

By the first week in July the larve pupate, remaining in the
pupa condition about two weeks, and the adult moths emerge
about the middle of July.

<0

Mr. JAY ELMER Brown died in February, 1903. He was an ardent
collector of Lepidoptera and resided at Pasadena, California.

Feb., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57

An Unusual Injury by the Snowy Tree-cricket and
Notes on its Feeding Habits.
By C. O. Houcuton, Newark, Del.

On May 28th, 1903, there was brought to the Station for
examination the trunk of a young plum tree, something over
an inch in diameter, which contained a great many small,
round punctures scattered irregularly over nearly the entire
surface. Surrounding some of these punctures were irregular
depressed areas in the bark of considerable size and in some
cases a considerable amount of a gummy substance had exuded

- from the wounds, entirely covering the apertures.

I had seen nothing of the kind before, and an examination
of the literature at hand on the subject of insects affecting the
plum and other fruit trees threw no light upon the matter.
Examination of the punctures revealed in each the presence
of a small elongate egg; or egg-case, set in obliquely with one
end near the opening and wholly contained within the bark or
very nearly so. I was not familiar with the eggs and the
trunk was left upon a table in the laboratory to await further
examination. While working in the laboratory that evening
I chanced to see, running quite rapidly about on the surface
of the bark, three orthopterous nymphs, slender-bodied, light
in color and about a half an inch in length, including the an-
tenuze, which were considerably longer than the body. A
fourth one had not wholly freed itself from the egg-case, being
still held by the antennz and one of its legs. This left no

‘doubt in my mind as to whether or not the others had emerged

from some of the other punctures in the bark. I at once came
to the conclusion that these active little fellows were the young
of a species of tree-cricket and began to look up the literature
on the subject. I found plenty of references to these insects
and their injuries, but nothing that was at all comparable with
the case in hand until I came to a bulletin by Dr. Hopkins,*
while connected with the West Virginia Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, in which he gives some notes on Oecanthus sp.
injuring branches of apple trees in old orchards. His experi-
ences, up to the point of finding the eggs, were very similar to

* Bull. 50 W. Va. Agri. Expt. Station, p. 39 et seq.

58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. — [Feb., ’04

my own, but as he had not seen the young, or been able to
more than guess at the identity of the species, I was naturally
anxious to bring the young crickets to maturity and thus
establish the identity of the author of this peculiar injury.
Accordingly I captured the four specimens, placed them in
shell vials and carefully examined the trunk for more, but
without success. Thinking that more might emerge during
the night and not having anything at hand large enough to
enclose the whole trunk of the tree, I tried the experiment of
suspending it at some distance from the floor by means of a
piece of fine wire fastened to it near the middle. I thought
the young crickets would probably be too timid to jump from
the trunk, but in this I was mistaken, if any emerged, (as
was quite probable) for I found none upon it on the following
morning. I soon found that the young crickets jumped readily
and considerable distances shortly after emerging from the
egg-cases.

Having a supply of aphides, principally from cherry trees,
in the laboratory, I placed from two to six of them in the
vials with the young crickets, and out of six which I put in
one vial with a cricket but one was alive the following morn-
ing. On the 29th, I sawed the trunk into pieces about a foot
in length and put them inside a glass cylinder, covered with
cheese cloth, in order to secure any other crickets that might
emerge. On the following morning I found five more young
crickets, one of which was held by the hind legs in much the
same manner as the one previously described. This one never
succeeded in freeing itself and soon died. Doubtless this
would have been the fate of the first one had I not helped to
free it from its egg-case, and as it was it died later, within 24
hours and never was able to move about much. ‘The other
four were bright and active, and when resting usually sought
light colored places, as a point where a limb had been cut off
or the sawed end of one of the pieces, evidently realizing the
protection afforded by such places.

When but a day old one of the crickets killed two good
sized aphides and apparently sucked the juices from them, in
a period of five or six minutes.

a ——

Feb., ’04] _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59

May 31st being Sunday I did not visit the laboratory, but
on the morning of June 1st I found twelve or fifteen more
crickets in the cylinder. Most of these were resting on the
cheese cloth over the top of the cylinder.

Between June rst and 8th about a half dozen more crickets
emerged, but none were found in the cylinder after the latter
date. Apparently the last specimen emerged on the night of
the 7th. Thus the time of hatching had extended over a
period of eleven or twelve days with me, but I estimated that
probably one-half the young had emerged before the tree

-trunk had been brought into the laboratory.

A few of the young crickets died, probably more from lack
of food than from any other cause, but on June gth I had
about twenty-three in good condition, most of them in shell
vials, usualiy but one in a vial. On that day I noted the first
case of cannibalism. An empty shell vial had been placed in
a glass cylinder in which a few of the crickets were inclosed,
and two of them had fallen into it. They had not been there
long, but one—the larger—had killed and partly devoured the
other. One or two other cases of cannibalism were noticed
later, but only when there was a scarcity of food.

- As was to be expected, feeding was done principally at night

or in the evening, and they kept comparatively quiet during
the day, but if very hungry and they were given fresh food
they would usually feed at any time. Aftera night’s feasting
the slender-bodied active insects would be transformed into
sluggish creatures with greatly distended abdomens.

As they grew older they apparently became accustomed to
being handled, and exhibited but little signs of fear when
being changed from vial to vial or when having their food
supply replenished. Occasionally one would jump, and the
distance to which it would leap and the suddenness of the
movement would cause me to wonder that they did not all
escape from captivity at some time or other.

They were always very cleanly in their habits, and it was
quite amusing to see them cleaning their long antennze by
slowly drawing them through their mouth parts or to see them
reach their heads back under their bedies in their efforts to

60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’04

remove, by means of their mouth, any particles of dirt that
might have become attached thereto.

On June 12th I left Newark for a month’s vacation at my
home in northern New York, and took my entire colony of
twenty odd crickets along with me. ‘They were placed singly
in shell vials holding about six drams, tightly corked, and a
number of aphides, with a little vegetation, were enclosed
with each.

Up to this time they had been fed principally on aphides
from cherry and peach trees, but with a change in section of
country a change in food was necessary, and during their
month’s stay in northern New York their food consisted almost
entirely of the currant aphis.

I soon found that the shell vials were too small for my cap-
tives, as some lost their lives by becoming fastened by their
long antennze to the sides of the vials, apparently rendered
sticky by the moisture from the vegetation enclosed, and the
honey-dew from the aphides. Accordingly the survivors were
transferred to jelly tumblers turned bottom upwards over
pieces of paper; usually but one was placed in a jar, as I
feared more cases of cannibalism. .I was not able to watch
them very closely, so could hot get any very definite molts, but
the first sign of wings appeared on an individual in which one
of the moults occurred on July 4th. The wings appeared at
that time as little pads in which state they remained for a con-
siderable length of time. The skin cast by this individual at
this time was only partially eaten, I think.

On July 8th I left home for Newark, and at that time had
but seven living crickets. The plant-lice on the currant bushes
having at this time practically disappeared, I found it necessary
to look for other food for them on their trip back to their
native State, and found this in the shape of some large plant-
lice on rose bushes.

These seemed to ‘‘ fill the bill,’ and all of the crickets
reached Newark safely. There the food question was a greater
problem than at Potsdam, for it was next to impossible to find
plant lice of any kind. I succeeded in finding a few colonies
on young pear trees, but these were soon gone, and I was

Feb., '04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 61

forced to look elsewhere. A garden weed yielded a very few
large lice of a species not previously fed to them, and these
were eaten like the others. It was not long however, before I
found it impossible to find even these, and I began to despair
of ever bringing any of the crickets to maturity. On July
20th I had but three left, and one of these was rather small
and unpromising. With their natural food supply exhausted
I thought the case nearly hopeless. It then occurred to me
that perhaps they might eat insects other than plant-lice, so I
captured some specimens of Pieris rape, snipped off their
“wings, cut the bodies partly open and placed them in the jars
with the crickets. On the following morning I found to my
great satisfaction that they had been feasting upon them.
Later, house flies were added to their menu, and were fed upon,
and this, in one case at least, in the afternoon. On the night
of July 24th, the largest one of the three specimens moulted
again, and on the morning of the 25th, I found a full-grown
female specimen of Oecanthus niveus DeGeer in the jar.

In looking over the literature on the species I had found in
one of Prof. C. M. Weed’s reports* while Entomologist for
Ohio, the statement that Oecanthus niveus is carniverous when
young, but ‘‘ when full-grown, however, the insect becomes a
vegetarian.’’+ I had been feeding my adult specimens princi-
pally upon a diet of flies, but thinking that possibly a vege-
table diet might be preferred, I placed in the jar one night
‘several kinds of young and tender leaves and a single house
fly. The leaves were small and were carefully examined, so
that had any part of them been eaten I could have easily de-
tected it. On the following morning only the wings of the
fly remained ; the leaves were untouched. ‘This specimen lived
until August 4th, and so far as I could ascertain no vegetable
matter was ever eaten though various kinds of leaves were
placed in the jar with her.

*7th Ann. Rept. Ohio Agric. Expt. Station p. 155.

¢ It is but fair to Prof. Weed, however, to add that in his ‘‘ Insects and
Insecticides,’’ published soon after this Report, he states that these in-
sects ‘‘feed upon plant-lice and other insects during their entire exist-
ence.”’

62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 04

Notes on some Orthoptera from British Columbia.
By A. N. CAUDELL, Washington, D. C.

The collecting trip to British Columbia made this Summer
by Dr. Dyar, Mr. Currie and myseif, while generally success-
ful, was a dismal failure orthopterologically so far as actual
number of species taken are concerned. Less than one hun-
dred specimens were collected and over a third of these were
Melanoplus atlanis. 'This widely distributed species occurred
rather commonly in the valleys visited ; but its congener, 7.
femur-rubrum, was not often met with in the vicinity of
Kaslo, where most of our collecting was done. J/. dawson
var. ¢ellustris and M. fasciatus were also taken, but in limited
numbers. ‘The former was raised from nymphs collected above
the snow banks back of, Bear Lake at an altitude of about
6500 feet on July 29th, the adults issuing on August 12th.
M. fasciatus was taken at Mirror Lake, a small lake a couple
of miles below Kaslo, on July 17th.

Besides Welanoplus atlanis but one grasshopper occurred in
any considerable number, Circotettix suffusus. The first mature
specimen of this was taken at Kaslo on July 13th. One spe-
cimen belonging to this genus was referable to Kirby's species
verruculatus. "These two species are very nearly related and
will very probably prove to be forms of the same species.

Camnula pellucida, often so injuriously common in some
localities, was seen but twice, a mature female being taken at
Kaslo on August 5th, and a nymph on June 24th.

Of grouse-locusts three species were taken, Zettix granula-
tus, T. crassus and 7. brunneri. Brunneri occurred in both
the macropterous and the brachypterous form. I owe its de-
termination to Dr. J. L. Hancock who will later describe the
long winged form, which he writes me is new. Cvassus has
previously been reported only from Michigan, Nebraska, Colo-
rado and New Mexico. The single specimen taken by us
agrees with authentic specimens of this species identified by
Hancock.

I take this opportunity of expressing my perfect inability
to use Dr. Hancock’s synoptic tables. They seem carefully
‘ prepared, yet the dichotomous method is not consistently pur-

Feb., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63

sued. It is to be greatly hoped that Dr. Hancock will, in a
promised supplement to his otherwise valuable monograph,
revise his tables and present them in the ordinary form.

Among the rarer species of Orthoptera taken by us in
British Columbia may be mentioned Podisma polita and Ceutho-
philus henshawi. The former was taken on the Kitchener
Glacier on Mt. Kokanee on August 1oth. C. henshawit was
taken in numbers at sugar at Kaslo during the months of
June, July and August. They came out after dark, and after
eating of the mixture of beer, rum, molasses and sugar until
they were stupid, fell an easy prey. These ‘‘ drunken ceu-
thops,’’ as Mr. Curris and I facetiously nicknamed them, were
sO numerous at sugar that several dozens might have been
taken in one evening. ‘Though so much in evidence at night
I saw few during the day time, in fact Isaw no more than
half a dozen specimens during the many days of diligent
search spent in that region. This remarkable species seems
worthy of generic distinction.

Cyphoderris monstrosa was also a much prized capture. An
immature, but almost full grown, female specimen of this
rather interesting species was found by Dr. Dyar at Ains-
worth. It was found floundering about in a wagon track on a
damp mountain trail. This specimen agrees with the adult,
a specimen of which was kindly presented by Dr. Fletcher,
except that the wing pads are still smaller and the pronotum
does not extend back so far over the basal segment of the
abdomen. This immature specimen was taken on July i1oth,
and the adult given me by Dr. Fletcher, was taken at Banff,
Alberta, on August 8th.

Cockroaches thrive in British Columbia as they do almost
everywhere. The common species there seems to be the Ger-
man roach or croton bug, Alattella germanica. ‘They are in
every thing, even the food. On this trip I had them served
to me in three different styles, alive in strawberries. a la carte
with fried fish and baked in biscuit. In justice to our amiable
host of the Kaslo Hotel, where we stayed‘most of the time,
be it said that these little appreciated delicacies were not served
at his table.

64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’04

Wisconsin Bees: Genus Andrena.
By S. GRAENICHER, Milwaukee, Wis.

The three species described below bring the number of new
species of Andrena from Milwaukee County, Wis., up to sev-
enteen. My sincere thanks are due to Prof. T. D. A. Cock-
erell for the interest taken in the study of these bees, as also
for the very liberal aid given me in various ways.

Andrena fragariana n. sp.

Q.—Length about 6 mm. Black. Pubescence whitish, thin, and of
moderate length. Head broad, distinctly striate below the ocelli. Fa-
cial fovez narrow, extending below the base of the antenne, and con-
taining light-brown pubescence. Cheeks narrow. Clypeus slightly
convex, shining, with sparse, shallow punctures. No median impunctate
line. The pubescence is short and sparse on the clypeus, longer on the
cheeks and sides of the face. Process of labrum short, semicircular.
Flagellum somewhat testaceous beneath. Joints 4 and 5 subequal, both
together about as Jong as 3. Mandibles reddish at the tips. Mesonotum
dull, finely roughened, with shallow, hardly visible punctures. Pleura
and sides of metathorax clothed with long white hairs, while those of the
mesonotum are rather short and thin. Enclosure of metathorax mod-
erately broad, defined by impressed lines, coarsely roughened through-
out. The sculpture of the surrounding area is much finer. Wings
yellowish hyaline, stigma and nervures testaceous. Second submarginal
cell more than one-half as long as third, receiving the first recurrent
nervure at or slightly before the middle. Tegulz testaceous exteriorly,
of a darker shade than the stigma. Legs black, with short white hairs.
Tibial scopa also white. The small joints of the tarsi are somewhat fer-
ruginous. On the inner side the basal joints are covered with light yel-
lowish pubescence. Abdomen shining, broad and flattened, with poorly
developed apical hair-bands, and narrowly testaceous apical margins.
Upper surface of segments minutely tessellate, without punctures. .Anal
fimbria inclined to fulvous.

d'.—About 5 mm. long. Very closely resembling the female. Pubes-
cence more cinereous than in the other sex, also longer and more dense
on clypeus, cheeks, pleura, and sides of metathorax. Cheeks regularly
rounded. Joint 3 of antennz about as long as 4+ 5. Second submar-
ginal cell narrower than in the female, and apical margins of abdominal
segments more distinctly testaceous.

Milwaukee, Wis., 10 ¢ and 16 9 specimens, collected from
May 15 to June 15, 1903, on the flowers of our commonest
wild strawberry, /vagaria virginiana ‘This bee is an oligo-
tropic visitor of these flowers, and has not been observed on
the flowers of any other plant.

ae ee

Feb., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 65

The female might be mistaken for that of Opandrena zizia,
but the facial fovea is much narrower, the metathoracic en-
closure narrower, but more coarsely sculptured, and the anal
fimbria considerably lighter than in O. zizie. Besides, the
latter has a greenish reflection, which is especially noticeable
on the scutellum and postscutellum of local specimens, and it
is a somewhat larger insect. A. fragariana is the smallest
species of Andrena sens. lat. occurring in our locality, The
male of this species, with its black clypeus, is at once separated
from the white-faced male of O. zzzze.

Andrena wheeleri n. sp.

¢.—Length 8 mm. Body. black, covered with thin, whitish-yellow
pubescence, except on mesonotum, scutellum and postscutellum, where
it becomes distinctly ochraceous. Head as broad as thorax, with ex-
tremely broad facial fovez. The pubescence of the latter light ochra-
ceous, when viewed from the side or from above. Front below the ocelli
minutely striato-punctate. Vertex and cheeks finely roughened, impunc-
tate. The pubescence is moderately long on sides of face, vertex, and
cheeks, short and scanty on the clypeus. The latter is somewhat shin-
ing, with an impunctate area in the middle. Punctures on the sides of
the clypeus small and crowded, becoming large and sparse towards the
middle. Process of labrum rounded. Joint 3 of antennze equal to 4+5.
Flagellum clavate, reddish beneath towards the tip. Mesonotum and
Scutellum faintly shining, with sparse, small, shallow punctures. On
the mesonotum the hairs are erect, short and scattered, while those of
the scutellum and postscutellum are rather long and brightly colored.
Metathoracic enclosure broad, roughened, rugose at the base, with
impressed smooth lines at lateral borders. Surrounding surface more
finely roughened. Wings hyaline, with a yellowish tint. Nervures,
stigma and tegule testaceous, the latter dark brown anteriorly. First
recurrent nervure entering the second submarginal cell at the middle.
the latter nearly quadrate, about half as long asthird. Legs dark brown,
inclining to testaceous on the posterior tibize and tarsi. Yellowish
pubescence of the legs nowhere abundant. Abdomen broad oval, shin-
ing, bare, without a trace of hair-bands. Segments 2, 3 and 4 depressed
more than one-third. Depressions impunctate, the remaining parts with
very small, not close punctures. Anal fimbria fulvous.

d'.—Length 7 mm. Pubescence more uniformly whitish-yellow through-
out than in the female, and longer on clypeus, cheeks, and mesonotum.

_ Cheeks regularly rounded. Joint 3 of antennz considerably shorter than

4+5, hardly longer than 5. Nervures and stigma darker, and apical
depressions of abdominal segments narrower than in female, less than
one-third the length of the segment.

66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’o4

Milwaukee, Wis., 3 8 and 13 9 specimens, taken on the
flowers of Tenidia (Zizia) tntegerrima and Thaspium trifolt-
atum aureum, from June 8 to June 18, 1903. This is undoubt-
edly an oligotropic bee of the U/mbellifere. It is named in
honor of Prof. Wm. M. Wheeler, who, within the last few
years, has contributed so largely to our knowledge of North
American ants.

Andrena persimilis n. sp.

Q.—Length about 9 mm. Black, with dirty white pubescence on head
and thorax, and grayish-white hair-bands on the abdomen. Facial fovez
moderately broad, covered with light pubescence. Clypeus shining, with
small and close punctures, and a narrow impunctate median line. Process
of labrum truncate. Cheeks considerably swollen, shining, thinly pu-
bescent. Flagellum rufo-testaceous beneath near the apex. Pubescence
of thorax long and thin, partly concealing the surface. Disc of meso-
notum and scutellum highly polished, with very minute punctures; meta-
thoracic enclosure defined by impressed lines. Its surface, as also that
of the surrounding parts, dull and rather smooth. Legs dark brown,
with white hairs, those on the inner surface of the basal joints of hind
tarsi yellowish. Tibial scopa dense, plumose. Wings clear white, with
dark nervures. Tegulz and stigma testaceous, the latter less than half
as wide as the marginal cell. Third submarginal cell shorter than the
first, but nearly three times as broad as the second, which is hardly nar-
rowed above, and receives the first recurrent nervure behind the middle.
Abdomen shining, flattened, broad and oval, without punctures. Con-
tinuous broad hair-bands of white appressed pubescence on segments 2
to 4. Anal fimbria dirty-white, with a reddish tint.

Milwaukee, Wis., one female, taken August 24, 1903, col-
lecting pollen on the flowers of Solidago canadensis. ‘The
structure of the tibial scopa places this species in the genus
Pterandrena Rob. In many respects it answers the description
of A. distans Prov., but differs as follows: wings distinctly
clear, stigma pale testaceous, not ferruginous, second -submar-
ginal cell hardly narrowed above, and abdominal hair-bands ~
composed of short, appressed pubescence (long in distans).

Andrena parnassie Ckll.
Andrena parnassiz, Cockerell, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7, IX, to5. 2,
2 .—The females are mostly larger than the type, some of them reach-
ing a length of nearly io mm.
3.—Length 8 mm. Head enormously developed, much wider and
higher than the thorax. Cheeks broad and shining, moderately convex,

Feb., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 67

with a rounded angle above the middle of the eye. Margin of the angle
reflexed. Upper part of cheeks bare, joint 3 of antenne longer than
4+ 5. Mandibles long, slender and distinctly curved. A distinct notch
remote from the tip. Pubescence longer and more whitish than in the
female, black on vertex and mesonotum only. Hair-bands of abdominal
segments very poorly developed.

Milwaukee, Wis., 5 $, 20 2 specimens. This bee flies from
August 25th to September 26th. The size of the head of the
male is very remarkable. In this respect the male surpasses
the male of any other species of Andrena sens. lat. known from
this locality.

Andrena viburnella Graen.
Andrena viburnella, Graenicher, Can. Ent., XXV, 165. @.

2. The second submarginal cell is very large, in most cases fully as
long as third.

3 .—Length 8-10 mm. Pubescence lighter than in the female, dirty-
white. Punctuation finer and closer. Cheeks broad, evenly rounded.
Antenne rather short, and stout for a male, joint 3 not quite as long as
4+ 5. Wings with a ferruginous tint. Nervures and stigma distinctly
light ferruginous. Second submarginal cell shorter than in female,
about two-thirds as long as the third on cubital nervure. In the smaller
specimens the legs show hardly any ferruginous coloration at all, while
in the larger ones this color is present on all the tarsi, the tips of all of
the tibiz, and the bases of the posterior tibize. Slightly developed hair-
bands on the margins of abdominal segments 2 to 5, widely interrupted
on 2 and 3.

Milwaukee, Wis., 6 ¢, 8 2 specimens, taken from May 29th
to June 20th, on the flowers of Viburnum lentago, Rubus vil-
losus, and Thaspium trifoliatum aureum.

cli
>

WE HAVE received a blank renewal blank from Montreal, Canada, and
wish we were mind readers. Send us your name so we can give you
credit for $1.00.

WHITE vs. BLACK P1INs.—My insect room is very hot and dry, during
the summer months. The high temperature has so hastened greasing of
the specimens, and the formation of ‘‘ green oxide’’ on the white pins,
that I have been obliged to discard them, and use the black japanned
steel pins. These have the advantage of being sharp and stiff, though
they are not very smooth ; however they work well in this very dry room.
But while at Brownsville, Texas, during last April and May, the black
pins rusted badly. 1am sure a long stay in such a damp locality would
ruin them.—CHaARLES Dury.

68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | [Feb., ’04

Observations on Bembecia Marginata var. Albicoma
and Sesia Acerni.
By HENRY ENGEL, Pittsburgh, Pa.

For several seasons I have been on the lookout for Bembecia .

marginata in this vicinity, but had no success until I found
part of an empty pupal shell protruding from a dead cane
of red raspberry on June 28, 1903. On further examina-
tion of the cane and roots, the feeding habits were noticed,
and a search for larvee resulted in finding three in a small
patch of red raspberry. From that date to July 22, nearly
every day, one to two hours were devoted to hunting larve
and pupze of this species, resulting in the discovery of two
hundred and forty specimens. ‘These were found in a com-
paratively small area in a ravine having clusters of blackberry
bushes here and there. Only five were found in raspberry
bushes. Both sexes of the typical form and also of the var.

albicoma occurred among the imagos resulting from the pupze ~

collected. Apparently the female of the variety a/bicoma was
unknown when Mr. Beutenmuller concluded his Monograph
of the Sesiidze. A brief mention of its points of difference from
the typical form is appended.

Bembecia marginata var. albicoma Hulst, 9.

Head, thorax and abdomen sooty-black, all lines and markings on col-
lar and thorax reduced and straw-yellow. The line which crosses and
ends in a triangular patch on each side of thorax in the typical form is
interrupted in a/bicoma, extending only to lateral lines above the inter-
section of the primaries. The rings on the first three segments are only
faintly indicated on top and are narrower on the under side than in mar-
ginata, The tuft of hair on the dorsal part of the third segment is all
black. The rings on the abdomen and last two segments are straw-
yellow, with black hairs intermingled on the last two segments. The
legs are clothed with brown hairs. The margins of the wings are some-
what darker brown than in marginata.

Ova of marginata were obtained. ‘The following description
has been prepared by Dr. W. J. Holland :

“Eggs of B. marginata: .80 mm. in length; .60 mm. in width; ob-
long oval viewed from above; greatly flattened on base, and flattened
ovate viewed laterally ; profusely covered with minute, irregular, reticu-
lated ridges enclosing deeper pitted depressions. Deep chestnut-brown
in color.”

Oe ee

> a,

)

Feb., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 69

Interesting points in the habits of this species were observed.
The time of day when they emerge differs from all Sesiids
known tome. The males emerge from noon till 4 p.m., the
females from 3 to5 P.M. No notice was taken of this unusual
behavior when two males emerged on August 8th and 14th,
respectively, but when eight males and one female appeared
during the afternoon of August 15th, my interest was aroused
and I determined to learn their mating time. The males were
bottled and the female placed in a cage and exposed all day
August 16th. She remained inactive until 3 p.m., when, in a
clumsy manner, she commenced flying about the cage. At
nearly 5 P.M. the first male appeared, and more at short inter-
vals until 6 p.m., when I had taken fourteen. A male was
placed in the cage, and copulation took place, which lasted till
8.45 P.M. Subsequently I mated a number of pairs, but copu-
lation never lasted more than forty-five minutes to one and
one-half hours. From August 22d onward females were ex-
posed every day, but males never appeared as early as the first
day the experiment was tried.

Mr. Beutenmuller, in his Monograph, p. 226, under the
heading ‘‘ Habits of /magos,’’ expresses the view that mar-
ginata is probably nocturnal in its habits. He came close to
it. In all the experiments, excepting the first day, males were
attracted from 6 P.M., sometimes 6.15 P.M., till 7.20 P.M., when
it was quite dusk. This, however, is as far as its habits ap-
proach the nocturnal stage. After copulation they remain
inactive until the following day, when about 10 Am. several
females became active and deposited a few ova on the screen
of the cage. In the field I have seen only two females. These
were found about 2 P.M. on September 6th, resting on leaves
of hawthorn and blackberry, respectively. Mr. Zahrobsky, of
Wilmerding, Pa., observed the female flying about noon de-
positing ova on the base of blackberry canes. About one
hour after emergence the males take to the wing and must be -
removed from the cage, otherwise they quickly reduce their
wings to fragments. The pupe and imagos show a remarka-
ble variation in size. "The male imagos range from 17 mm. to
26 mm., the females from 26 mm. to 32 mm., with a corre-

70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’04

sponding variation in the bulk of the abdomen. This, no
doubt, is caused by abundance or lack of food. ‘Taking the
difference in size of the male and the female into consideration,
all the larvee found in vigorous and strong plants were of uni-
form size. In the district where I collected these larve and
pupze is a miniature mountain of coal-slack on which stunted
and dwarfed bushes exist. Although the canes were scarcely
thick enough for the larvee to form their pupal cells, nearly
every bush harbored a larva. All these were smaller in size.
Right after the change to the pupal stage the pupe are cream-
colored, but change gradually to reddish brown in the course
of two days. The larve and pupe were left in sections of
roots or in a part of the cane, and these were placed on damp
soil in the cage, but nearly one-half of the number collected
succumbed to the unnatural conditions. Some of the larve
perhaps were not mature when carried in. From 240 in all,
129 examples emerged, as follows: 71 males and 39 females of
marginata and g males and 1o females of the var. albicoma.
There. were 168 males attracted to females, of which number
29 were albicoma. ‘The two forms readily interbreed. I have
mated female marginata and male al/bicoma and vice versa.
Larvee and pupz were collected from June 28th to July 25th.
The first pupze were found on July 2d. By July 20th the
majority were in the pupal stage. The first imago emerged
August 8th, with males strongly in the majority until August
25th; after that females were more numerous. The last few
days of August are the height of their period of flight. Fe-
males exposed on August 29th to September 3d attracted only
eleven males. Stragglers appeared in the cage up to Septem-
ber 12th, mostly all females. The pupal stage lasts from
twenty-five to thirty days. Males attracted by females could
be seen from some distance; they have a slow and hesitating
flight and carry the antennz erect when on the wing. Males
of albicoma are readily distinguishable from marginafa even
when flying. The rings on the abdomen in newly emerged
males of a/bicoma are nearly white, and contrast strongly from .
the deep-black abdomen; but, as in all Sesiids, the lustre of

re re eee ee) ee eee

— ee ss ee ee oe ea

3
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Feb., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 71

their markings soon fades after death and leaves the colors
duller.
x a 2 x

Concerning Sesia acernt, Mr. Beutenmiiller, in his Mono-
graph of the Sesiidz, on page 296, writes: ‘‘According to
Mr. Hulst, the eggs are probably laid at night. The moths
emerge soon after sunrise and are on the wing a few minutes
after emerging from the pupe.”’

My observations on this species totally disagree with this
statement, and I recount what I have observed. Occasionally
we find a lonely example of this species in a woods where dif-
ferent species of maple grow. To find them in abundance we
must seek the silver maple, Acer dasycarpum Ehrhart, which
is extensively used as a shade tree in suburban sections of cit-
ies. In Knoxville Borough, near Pittsburgh, nearly all of the
streets are lined with this maple. Here I have observed and
collected acernt for many years. Often from 50 to 100 empty
pupal shells may be seen protruding from the trunk and main
branches of a single tree at the end of its period of flight.
Females were collected at all hours from noon to 5 P.M. de-
positing ova. A female will often distribute from 10 to 15
ova on the same tree. There is nothing unusual in its time
of emergence. On bright, warm days acerni may be found
emerging from 8 to11 A.M. The males, after their wings are
developed, which, however, takes more than a few minutes,
as stated above, soon fly in search of mates. The females
mostly remain on the trunks of the trees till after copulation.
On cloudy days very few emerge, and these may be found
resting on the trees ; none were seen flying on such days.

New North American Species of Scoparia Haworth.
By Harrison G. Dyar, Washington, D. C.

Scoparia normalis n. sp.

Q Expanse 26mm: Pale grey; a black shade at base of fore wings ;
t. a. line dark, slightly bent at middle, thickened on costal two-thirds by
a broad black bar which absorbs orbicular and claviform ; reniform fused
to costa by a black shade, formed of two superposed confluent ellipses,
partly filled with black ; t. p. line pale, narrowly black shaded within,
bent outward slightly beyond reniform ; terminal space irregularly black

Wg ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’o4

shaded, the shades succeeding the t. p. line on costa and inner margin
and on center of outer margin; a row of black terminal points ; fringe
dark gray with white dashes at the ends of the veins. Hind wings soiled
whitish, darkest along outer margin,

It resembles the <J' of centuriella Schiff., but is very different from the
© of that species.

One @ Beulah, New Mexico, 8000 feet (‘T. D. A. Cockerell).
U. S. National Museum, type No. 7654.

Scoparia fernaldalis n. sp.

dQ expanse 14-18 mm. Very similar to dJasalis Walk. (Zibel/a Gtt.),
but rather larger, seemingly somewhat narrower winged and generally
darker in color. The markings are the same, varying considerably as in
basalis, It is perhaps a western form of dasadis, which I take pleasure
‘in dedicating to Professor C. H. Fernald, who examined a specimen and
thought it worthy of separation from the eastern species.

188 specimens, Kaslo, B. C., Canada, 1700 feet. (Currie,
Caudell, Cockle and Dyar. )
U.S. National Museum, type No. 7655.

Scoparia tricoloralis n. sp.

32 expanse 19-21 mm. Light gray, shaded with black ; a black patch
at base of fore wing on costa; t. a. line pale, slightly oblique, bent a
little at the middle, followed on costal two-thirds by a heavy black band
that absorbs the orbicular and claviform ; reniform small, of two super-
posed black spots, followed by a large, contrasted, brown cloud; t. p.
line narrow, white, narrowly dark edged within, roundedly, evenly and
strongly bent outward beyond the reniform ; terminal space heavily black
shaded, cut outwardly centrally by a diffuse pale arc, representing the
subterminal line. Fringe pale, black checkered at base. Hind wings
blackish shaded, subpellucid along internal margin.

Four specimens, Wellington, B.C. (Theo. Bryant), Kaslo,
B. C. (Caudell, Currie and Cockle. )
U. S. National Museum, type No. 7656.

Scoparia cinereomedia n. sp,

3 expanse 14.5 mm. Pale gray ; basal space heavily, but not con-
tinuously shaded in black as far as the t. a. line; center of wing clear
gray, the outwardly placed reniform composed of two superposed ellip-
ses, clouded and fused to costa by black; t. p. line narrow, pale, crenu-
late, bent opposite reniform but not forming an arc, black edged within.
Terminal space shaded in black, leaving a pale space below apex and
above anal angle ; terminal black spots diffuse ; fringe white with a dark
basal line. Hind wings grayish, subpellucid.

Two specimens, New Brighton, Pa. (H. D. Merrick.)
U. S. National Museum, type No. 7657.

” FJ
la z

Feb., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 73

Notes on Culex nigritulus.
By D. W. CoguriLLeTr.

In the autumn of 1902 specimens of a small Culex were
received from Prof. J. B. Smith, with the statement that they
were bred from larve living in the salt marshes of New Jersey ;
they agreed so well with the published descriptions of Cilex
nigritulus Zetterstedt that they were referred to that species.
The recent appearance of the third volume of Theobald’s
Monograph of the Culicidz, however, has thrown a grave
doubt upon the correctness of this reference, since the figure
which he gives of the male clasper on page 201 is very differ-
ent from the same organ in our species. In the second volume
of the Monograph, upon which the identification of our species
was chiefly based, no mention was made of the male claspers,
but in the remarks on this species near the bottom of page 141
occurs this statement: ‘‘I can detect no difference in the ¢
ungues or any important structural detail from C. pipiens,”
thus implying that the claspers are like those of the latter
species, figured on page 134.

Prof. Smith assures me that repeated searching by himself
and his assistants has failed to discover larvze of our species in
fresh water, it being essentially a salt-water species. Mr.
Theobald tells us that the specimens of wigritulus treated of
in the second volume of his Monograph were collected by him-
self ‘‘in great numbers in and over half-filled water-butts ’’—
presumably of fresh water. The specimens upon which Zet-
terstedt founded his original description were from Quickjock,
in the northwestern part of Sweden, within the Arctic Circle
and over one hundred miles from salt water.

Thus all the facts indicate that mig7vztulus is a fresh-water
species distinct from our salt-water form; the latter will,
therefore, require a new name, for which Culex salinarius is

proposed. The male is so similar to pzpzens that, as yet, I am

unable to point out any distinguishing character; the first
joint of the claspers bears beyond the middle of the inner side
an irregular row of about five chiefly flattened spines, while
near the outer end of this row is an elongate-oval lamella.

74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’04

The female is also remarkably like pzpiens, but the cross-bands
of yellowish scales on the abdomen are narrower, being scarcely
apparent on the anterior segments.

The larva has been well figured by Dr. H. G. Dyar (Jour.
N. Y. Ent. Soc., XI, Plate II, Figure 3); strangely enough,
it has not a rounded head and robust subanal tube, as in
pipiens, but a subquadrate head and long, slender subanal
tube, as in ¢erritans, from which it can scarcely be distinguished
except that the spinous processes on the subanal tube have
three or four branches, while in ¢exv7fans they usually have a
single branch.

H. G. KLaGEs has disposed of his foreign collection to the Carnegie.
Museum, and is about to sell his North American material and give up
entomology.

ANDRENIN® (Andrena s.\. etc.) and Parnopes of North America ;
Philanthidz of New Mexico and bees of the Northwest (Oregon, Wash-
ington and Vancouver); all these are being arranged systematically.
Persons having specimens in these groups from the territory mentioned
will add to the completeness of the work by sending their material to
the writer for examination.—HENRy L. ViERECK, Connecticut Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, New Haven, Conn.

IN THE December issue of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws we note with in-
terest that ‘‘the immediate immersion of insects in gasoline in collect-
ing’’ was suggested, ‘‘as they frequently injure themselves in fluttering
about the collecting bottle.’’

How delightfully ridiculous it is that the amateur collector will go on
year in and year out stuffing his sphingids and large ‘“‘ flies’’ into some
sort of a death-trap poison-chamber, and cheerfully acknowledging that
the specimens are ‘only slightly rubbed!’’ He knows that he must
never touch these wing surfaces with his fingers, yet he persists in thrust-
ing violently active specimens into the death chamber, knowing full well
that the ‘“‘dust’”’ will fly from said wings till the last struggle is over. He
knows, too, that it is no easy task to paper the remains of said specimens
when extricated from said slaughterhouse ; and the fact that the speci-
men may come to life if removed too soon is frequently too obvious.

Gasoline injection,—the only simple, safe, and sure method of killing
large insects—has been described once or twice in the News; but the
amateur, plodding collector would not mend his ways even if extra edi-
tions of warning notices were placarded all around him.

Verily, we shall have the needlessly ‘‘ slightly rubbed ’”’ specimens with
us forever.—O. W. BARRETT, Mayaguez, P. R.

tt ale ae ee.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]

To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put “copy ”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers wiil be acknowledged.—Eb.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1904.

It is a trite saying that there are always two sides to a story.

' Prof. Cockerell has called attention to errors in regard to South-

western Geographical names, and his article is timely, but it
also calls attention to an unfortunate condition of affairs.
Everyone has not been in the Southwest, and everyone does
not have a Spanish dictionary at his elbow. If we were to see
the words Arroga near San lgnacio, at light, we might suspect
what was meant, but would not blame the person who did not.

It would be much better when one means to refer to Lower
California to use that name and not Baja California.

We are constantly having trouble in deciphering and trans-
lating names of places from which collections have been re-
ceived. The celebrated collector Mr. Jones has been in New
Mexico or Old Mexico. He has collected at some celebrated
town, not mentioned on any map, and consisting of one street
of mud-houses. Mr. Jones of course knows where Mr. Jones
has been, and if the world does not know this also, it is the
fault of the world. He writes ? his labels but of course no one
can readthem. Another collector has visited Tuxpan and ad-
mits it, for which we feel very grateful, and look in the geog-
raphy for the place and find four of them—there is nothing
like being liberal. We only know things by comparison, and
probably would not appreciate an honest man if there were no
thieves, so when a collector goes West (or any other direc-
tion) and on his return sends you printed labels for the speci-

75

76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’04

mens collected, you should be profoundly grateful, and as our
school-boy reports say, ‘‘ may he continue to deserve commen-
dation.’’

Printed labels are very inexpensive and save endless bother,
but if you can’t get them printed, write the names of all small
and doubtful places legibly.

We have analogous trouble with the names and addresses of
people. Mr. Blank was born in Blankville, so his mother told
him, and has resided on Blank street ever since that momen-
tous event. Mr. Blank may be a man of parts, or he may
not, we never met him; we have never been in Blankville, —
therefore never saw Blank street, but we are sure that Mr.
Blank thinks we have by the way he signs his name and writes
his address.

Moral—start the New Year by having printed pin labels for
all your specimens and send them to your friends when you
make exchanges.

e
°

Notes and News.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

‘“AREN’T you glad the Christmas holidays are over?’’ asked the
bachelor. ‘‘Glad!’’ snorted the father of eight, as he thought of all the
stockings he had filled. ‘‘I guess Iam.. I’m glad I’m not the head ofa
family of centipedes.”’

THE NAME Ciris.—I find that the name Cirvis, Grote, Pr. Ent. Soc.
Phil., 1863, applied to a genus of Noctuida, will have to fall because of
Ciris, Koch, 1850, in Arachnida. The noctuid genus may be called
Xerociris, n. n., type Xerociris wilsoni (Grote). In a recent part of
Proc. Ent. Soc., Washington, there is a discussion concerning the circum-
stances under which it is proper to change a preoccupied name. I think
that when the author of the original name is living he should be asked to
propose the new term, unless he has shown himself regardless of such
matters. At the same time I am not sure it would not be better to form
committees to look after these matters in different groups, because I have
found that many authors either refuse to do anything or postpone action
indefinitely, when their attention is called to homonyms they have pub-
lished. Would it not be possible to form a committee to examine all the
generic names given to American insects with respect to homonymy, and
remove from our lists all names found untenable on this account ?—T. D.
A. COCKERELL.

Feb., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77

I ENCLOSE some clippings from an adv. of a ‘‘ Moth Catcher’’ which I
think are worth copying for the edification of the readers of the News.
How humiliated the average collector must feel when he reads that a lot
of obscure and unknown persons have succeeded, without any effort on
their part, in getting information about insect life, which he, notwith-
standing all his study has never suspected ! to think that the ichneumons
sting fruit instead of caterpillars! It will doubtless be hard for the man
who has raised about a million ichneumons from pupz from which he ex-
pected some choice moths, to swallow the new idea, but he must come to
it if the great moth catcher man says so. And to think of the great dis-
covery that a moth makes the lice on cabbages! Surely some of our
“‘louse specialists’? must look into the matter. Now if they can tell us
what kind of timber produces wood ticks, and what breed of colts can
be got from horse chestnuts, and where to find mare’s nests, they will
oblige E. J. Smiru, Natick, Mass.

** ARROYO GRAND, CAL., Dec. 30, rgor.
This is to certify that I have used the Haseltine Moth Catchers the
past summer and found it to be a perfect success. I caught CODLING
MOTHS, the POTATO MOTH or FLY, and the MOTH THAT
MAKES THE CABBAGE LOUSE. I had no wormy apples to speak
of, although bad in 1900 —THomas H. KEown.”’

**RICHLAND, Mo., Dec. 9, Igor.
I used one of S. A. Haseltine’s Moth Catchers in my cabbage patch.
I caught the white moth and kept the green worms out of my cabbage.—
MaGGIE A. ELDRIDGE.”’

‘The Ichneumon fly, which is called by the book-learned professors a
friendly insect, has been seen by practical orchardists to be the guilty
fellow that stings the fruit and gives it the appearance of a pepper box.
It destroyed the fruit of Austria and Hungary in Europe, and stung and
injured the trees. Some of them were found dead with the stings in the
twigs of the trees. Col. A. Harrington of Springfield, Mo., saw this
(friendly) insect stinging his fruit, and he got the Moth Catcher and
cleared them out and made fine fruit. So this so-called (friend) was
seen by an orchardist, A. T. Warner, of Lawrenceville, Ill., stinging his
fruit and ruined its commercial value this year, 1902.’’

SINCE the recent fire in Wicken Sedge, when the growth of about
twenty acres of the Fen, the property of Mr. G. H. Verrall, entomolo-
gist, of Newmarket, with the rare insects, etc., which find sanctuary
there, was destroyed by fire, the Cambridgeshire County Police have
been making diligent inquiries as to the cause of the fire, with the result
that on Monday four University men from Cambridge called on Mr. Ver-
rall and acknowledged that one of their number caused the fire by acci-
dentally throwing down an unspent match, The sedge adjacent to the
spot where it fell quickly caught fire, and, seeing what had been done,

“8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’

all four of the collegians ran away. They readily acknowled they acted
very foolishly in not staying and attempting to put out the fire, but said
they lost their heads. All four undertook to reimburse Mr. Verrall for
any loss and expense their action had entailed, and with this understand-
ing Mr. Verrall expressed himself satisfied.—STANDARD, (London), June

17, 1903.

HERBERT H. Situ has given up entomology and collecting and has
sold his collection to the Carnegie Museum, at Pittsburgh, for three
thousand dollars.

THE MINER is in receipt from an agricultural bureau, of a neat little
portrait, life size, of the cotton boll weevil whose depredations in southern
cotton fields bid fair to make the product of the silk-worm cheap in com-
parison with the ‘fruit of the loom.’”’ The picture represents this enemy
of ‘King Cotton” as a rather ungraceful oblong creature, much out of
proportion, with six very crooked legs and a long sword-like beak. A
fierce mustache, consisting of one hair, curls sarcastically on either side
its mouth, above which the eyes, somewhat resembling shoe buttons,
glare defiance at the world at large. The picture has been hung in the
Miner’s art gallery and the cotton growers of Montana are welcome to
inspect it at any time free of charge. The people of Montana cannot
fail to be as appreciative of the gift as were the natives of a tropical isle
for a consignment of warmingpans once bestowed upon them.—&xéfe
(Montana) Miner.

ON PAGE 41 of your January number I notice a note on the distribu-
tion of Catopsilia eubule. Two Sundays ago I had three young boys at
my house to see my collection, and they had with them two females and
one male of this species which they had captured in Bridgewater, Mass.
Mr. S. F. Denton, of Wellesley, has seen these, and I think he was as
much surprised as I that they should have been captured in this State.—
ANDREW G. WEEKS, JR.

Doings of Societies.

At a meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, held December 17, 1903,
Dr. D. M. Castle, presided, and twelve persons were present.
The following gentlemen were elected to serve as officers for
the present year: Director, Philip Laurent; Vice Director, ©
H. W. Wenzel; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson; Conservator-
Recorder, Henry Skinner; Secretary, Frank Haimbach. Pub-
lication Committee, J. H. Ridings, C. W. Johnson.

Feb., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79

A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held
Deceinber 17, 1903, Dr. P. P. Calvert, President, in the chair.
Twelve persons were present. The report of the treasurer was
read and referred for audit. Reports were read from the Cu-
rator, Secretary and Librarian. A letter was read from Mr.
J. C. Bradley in regard to the loan of books on certain condi-
tions. The matter was referred to the Executive Committee
for examination and report. Mr. Ilg exhibited specimens
of Bembecia marginata reared from blackberry by Mr. Engle.
of Pittsburgh. Mr. Matthews exhibited Ecpantheria scribonia
denudata, 2 , with a single bar on the hind wing. The follow-
ing were elected officers for the year 1904:

President, Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D. ; Vice-President, H. W.
Wenzel; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson; Recording Secretary,
Henry Skinner ; Corresponding Secretary, Frank Haimbach ;
Librarian, J. C. Bradley.

Publication Committee, E. T. Cresson, C. Few Seiss, B. H.
Smith; Executive Committee, P. Laurent, H. W. Wenzel,
Frank Haimbach; Finance Committee, J. W. McAllister,
C. S. Welles, D. M. Castle, M.D.

HENRY SKINNER, Secretary.

The January meeting of the Newark [N. J.] Entomological
Society was held on January roth, with President Keller in
the chair and seventeen members present.

The resignation of Mr. W. Rienecker was read and accepted.

Mr. Bronson was elected to honorary membership.

Mr. Brehme showed a series (about twenty specimens) of
Pseudohazis eglanterima, var. shastensis, and Mr. Keller a AHy-
parpax venus, caught in Burnett County, Texas, in May.

Mr. Broadwell reported the capture of Pseudanophora mora,
October 8th, and Sadbulodes sulphurata, July 29th, both in
Newark. Otto BucHHOLZ, Secretary.

The December meeting of the Newark Entomological Society
was held on the 13th with Vice President Stortz in the chair
and 11 members present.

Mr. Brehme reported as curator of lepidoptera ; he com-

80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’04

ménted upon the small number of specimens in the Society’s
collection, and made the proposition that if each member
would from now till March donate. 10 specimens to the collec-
tion, he would present the Society with 1oo specimens repre-
senting 50 species new to the collection ; his report and offer
were accepted.

Mr. Henry Wormsbacher, of Jersey City, was proposed for
membership and ee sly, elected.

Orro BucHHoLz, Seeretary.

At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social, held
December 6, 1903, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel,
1523 South 13th Street, Philadelphia, eight members were
present. .

Mr. Bland exhibited some Coleoptera collected in Septem-
ber around English Creek, N. J. He also showed Arontes
dubius and B&B. debilis, the former from around Philadelphia,
the other from English Creek, N. J., September 11th, thus
proving that both are northern species. Other interesting
forms were spoken of, including Cozotrachelus leucopheus, new
to the New Jersey district, and 7achygonus spinipes, taken on
September 23d.

Mr. Hardenberg asked regarding the relationship of insects
to Fungi.

Messrs. Wenzel, Hardenberg and Bland believed that the
same beetles do not live on more than one species of fungus.

Mr. Daecke exhibited the imago and supposed larva of
Ptinx appendiculatus, from Da Costa, N. J. The larva was
beaten from a tree and had been kept alive for fourteen months,
being fed with caterpillars. He also exhibited the remains of
a mass of unmounted mosquitoes which had been destroyed by
a moth larva.

Prof. Smith stated that he had bred Culex dupreet from
larva taken in two different localities in New Jersey. The
larva remains at the bottom of water, its gills being supplied
with trachea. Also Culex squamiger, a Californian species, had
been captured at Westville, and near New Brunswick, N. J.

WILLIAM J. Fox, Secretary.

P

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VoL. XV. MARCH, 1904. No. 3.
CONTENTS:

Herrick—Notes on the Life History of Chrysophanus Gorgon............. 97
Crabhamia Jamaicensis............ 81 | Crawford—Two new Halictus from N.
Rehn—A new Meianoplus from New POEM. 5 ven asnes dnitle toabmoseee we 97
i) go gee eaabe agp aM ely Ge eeeapin «SNe 85 | Brimley and Sherman—North Carolina
Viereck—A Handsome Species of Ta- Records of Odonata in 1903........ 100

chysphex from Arizona (Hymen.) 87 | Editorial .............2.cceeeeceeecceces 103
Kearfott—Micro-Lepidoptera Sugges- Entomological Literature.............. 104
POLES org wi pee a Sa 89 | Doings of Societies.............eeee00. 107
Grundel—Notes on the Life History of Obituary: B. F. Koons................ jI2

Notes on the Life History of Crabhamia Jamaicensis.
By GLENN W. HERRICK.
: (See Plate VIII.)

In a monograph of the Culicidz, Vol. i, page 345, Mr. F. V.
Theobald describes the female of a new species of Culex, which
he names C. jamaicensis. In Vol. iii, page 244, of the same
monograph, he describes the male of the same species but
under the new generic name of Grabhamia. He says that
‘this beautiful species has so far only occurred in Jamaica.”’
Furthermore, he expresses the opinion that it is rather un-
common in that island. During the summers of 1902 and
1903, I found this mosquito abundant in the vicinity of Agri-
cultural College, Miss. The habits of the larve proved of
considerable interest and seemed worth recording.

I first noted the larve in an open sewage drain on the College
campus in 1901. They attracted my attention by their large
size as compared with the larvee of C. fatigans which were so
numerous in the same drain. At this time several adults were
taken from the weeds and grasses overhanging the ditch. They
were submitted to Mr. D. W. Coquillet who immediately recog-
nized them as Culex jamaicensis, now G. jamaicensis. In the

81

82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {Mar., ’04

summer of 1903, I noted scores of large larve in a roadside
pool near Starkville, Miss. At first sight they appeared to be
the larvee of Anopheles, for, apparently, they were in horizontal
positions. Never having seen Anopheles larvee so abundant, it
seemed worth while to stop and examine them in some detail.
Much to my astonishment these larvee were found to be members
of the genus Culex, or at least, of some genus closely related to
Culex. Moreover, the great majority of them were lying ap-
parently horizontal just below the surface film of water. Of
these, many adults, both males and females, were reared and
they proved to be G. jamaicensis. From this time forth many
larvee of this species were found in other rain water pools and
abundant opportunity was afforded to observe them. With
the one exception of those found in the sewage ditch, I have
always found these larve in transient rain water pools.

The larve are interesting from the position they assume in
the water. When the larva rises to the surface it assumes, at
first, about the same position as the larva of Cu/ex. But after
a moment, if left undisturbed, the body, with a slight jerk,
floats quickly to an approximately horizontal position with the —
head on a level with the surface of the water, in which position
the mouth brushes are able to skim the surface, as it were.
The larva can change quickly and easily from the horizontal to
the suspended position. ‘The body instead of lying so nearly
horizontal as does that of Anopheles, hangs suspended,—like a
piece of slack rope,—between the head and respiratory tube,
and considerably below the surface of the water. The respi-
ratory tube projects out of the water, at least a third of its
length, and points forward when the larva assumes the hori-
zontal position. ‘The thorax is inclined sharply upward so as
to bring the head to a horizontal position. Figure I, 2, is
purely diagramatic but serves to show the position of the
larva. At the distance of a few feet, when looking directly
down upon the larvee, they seem to lie in the same position as
those of Anopheles. The larvee are splendid swimmers and are
constantly swimming along the surface but nearly always in a
backward direction.

The anal filaments are much longer and slenderer than those

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83

of C. fatigans, reminding one strongly of the anal filaments of
Psorophora ciliata. Dr. Howard remarks that the anal fila-
ments ‘‘ may possibly function as gills while the larve are very
young.’’ In the anal filaments of a young larva of G. jamaz-
censis, the tracheze are very large and as well developed as in
other parts of the body. ‘The two main body trachez extend
on beyond the respiratory tube throughout the length of the
last abdominal segment. Each of these bifurcates and sends
a branch to each of two anal filaments. The filaments seem
to be set in pairs corresponding to the bifurcated trachez.
The last abdominal segment with its two main tracheze and
with one anal filament is shown at 4, Figure I.

The respiratory tube of the larva is much longer than that
of C. fatigans or C. pungens.

The pupa also is much larger than the pupa of C. pungens.
By observing a large number of pupz, I found that in mid-
summer, the pupal stage lasts almost exactly forty-eight hours.

Mr. Theobald states that the eggs, as noted by Dr. Grabham,
are laid singly. Although careful search for the eggs was re-
peatedly made they could not be found. The larve would
invariably appear in a pool within twelve hours after the for-
mation of the pool bya rain storm. The conviction was grad-
dually forced upon me that the eggs were deposited in or upon
the mud to await the coming of the rain. Such a habit of
egg deposition for this species is a matter of circumstantial
evidence only, for absolute proofs of it are wanting. Since
making the observations on this species, Dr. J. B. Smith has
published the results of his experiments with Culex sollicitans.
In these experiments, Dr. Smith proved, conclusively, that
C. sollicitans deposits its ‘eggs singly, in dry mud or moist
soil, and that for months they lie thus, ready to hatch when
covered by water of a proper temperature.’’ Since the publi-
cation of the third volume of Theobald’s ‘‘ Monograph,’’ we
find that he has removed C. sollicttans to the genus Grabhamia,
thus showing the close relation of the two species under dis-
cussion. Therefore it will not be surprising if the habit of egg
deposition of G. jamaicensis is similar to that of C. sollicttans.

The adult female is a striking mosquito, with heavily scaled

84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’04

wings. ‘The scales of the wings are black and white and give
to the wings a distinctively grayish appearance. ‘The base of
the third longitudinal vein, where it meets the cross-veins, has
a small but distinct black patch of scales (Fig. I, @).

The legs are banded and speckled with yellowish white scales,
giving the mosquito a distinctive appearance. The femora of
all the legs have a pale band near the apex of each (Fig. I, /),
and the knees are white. The tibiz are strikingly speckled
with patches of white scales on a background of black scales.
The metatarsi have a pale ring at the base of each and a pale
band in the middle (Fig. I,¢). The first two tarsi of the front
legs are banded at the bases with white (Fig. 1). The others
are black. All the tarsi of the hind legs are banded with
white.

The abdomen (Fig. I, 7), also has very characteristic mark-
ings. A few yellow scales and long hairs are found on the first
segment. Each of the next three segments has a triangular
patch of creamy scales on the apical border, those of the third
and fourth segments being broken in the middle. The patches
on the fifth and sixth segments are divided in the middle thus
forming distinct lateral spots.

As Mr. Theobald says, ‘‘it is a very distinct species, easily
recognized by the black speck on the wing, the curious banding
and mottling of the legs and the adornment of the abdomen.”’

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

larva.
last abdominal segment with one anal filament showing the trachez.
tuft of hairs from thorax of larva.
black patch of scales on wing.
median band on metatarsus of fore leg
band on femur.
pupa.
. abdomen of imago showing markings.
diagram showing position of larva.

PP SPMOARHN SA

ANTHIDIUM JUGATORIUM Say.—A study of the description of this bee
shows that it is a Dianthidium, very close to D. perpictum (Ckil.). It
will therefore stand as Dianthidium jugatorium.—T. D. A. COCKERELL.

Cae
m= ¢

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85

A New Melanoplus from New Jersey.
By JAmMEs A. G. REHN.

Several times during the past few years while collecting in
the pine barren region of New Jersey, the author has taken
specimens of a large form of the genus Welanoplus which dif-
fered considerably from any species known to him. Through
the kindness of Prof. A. P. Morse, specimens of this have been
compared with the series of the genus in the Scudder collection
and nothing of similar character found.

From the localities in which the new species has been taken
it would appear that dry scrubby pine land is preferred. It is,
apparently, a rather abundant species, as in a few minutes work
at the type locality a series of about a dozen was taken.

I take pleasure in dedicating this striking species to my friend
Mr. Witmer Stone of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Mr.
Stone has made a study of the fauna and flora of the pine
barren region, and assisted in collecting all the specimens of
this species taken.

Melanoplus stonei n. sp.

Types: ¢ and 9. Between Harris and White Horse, Bur-
lington Co., New Jersey. August 13, 1902. Collected by
Witmer Stone and J. A. G. Rehn. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.)

A member of the Jackardii group and related to 7. packardit
and fedus, but distinguished by the smaller size, more com-
pressed and excavated vertex and fastigium, the narrower
frontal costa (which also has a distinct stricture below the
junction with the fastigium), the smaller furcula, the greater
interval between the mesosternal lobes in both sexes, and in
the rich and striking coloration.

3 Size medium ; form rather slender. Head with the occiput gently
rounded ; vertex rather strongly constricted, and with the blunt de-
pressed fastigium very distinctly sulcate ; frontal costa sub-equal, slightly
and very gradually expanding inferiorly, distinctly compressed at its
junction with the fastigium, moderately sulcate at and below the ocellus;
eyes reniform, slightly longer than the infra-ocular portion of the gene;
antennz equal to the head and pronotum in length. Pronotum slightly

slightly expanded on the metazona; anterior margin truncate ; posterior
margin obtuse-angulate with the angle broadly rounded ; prozona slightly

86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’04

longer than the metazona, the latter strongly punctate on the lateral
lobes ; median carina obsolete on the prozona, distinct but low on the
metazona ; lateral lobes with the lower margin very obtusely angulate ;
transverse sulci very distinct ; dorsal aspect passing into the lateral lobes
without carine, but with a distinct shoulder. Tegmina rather narrow,
subequal, slightly surpassing the apex of the abdomen, apex rounded.
Prosternal spine erect, conical, the apex slightly antrorse. Interval
between the mesosternal lobes sub-quadrate, expanding; interval be-
tween the metasternal lobes longitudinal, about four times as long as
broad. Supra-anal plate with distinct median and lateral sulci; furcula
extremely short and strongly divergent; cerci short, with a distinct me-
dian constriction, apical portion with the lateral face excavated and
deflected internally, apical margin sub-rotundate with a slight inferior
shoulder ; subgenital plate moderately compressed, the lateral margins
very slightly arcuate, the apex posterior to the margin of the plate and
developed as a distinct tubercle. Anterior and median femora tumid, the
anterior distinctly curved ; posterior femora rather slender, but with the
genicular regions rather broad.

? Size rather large; form rather heavy and robust. Head with the
occiput distinctly elevated above the pronotum, rounded ; vertex and fas-
tigium rather broad, very shallowly sulcate ; frontal costa rather broad,
subequal in width, reaching to the clypeus, slightly sulcate at and below
the ocellus ; eyes sub-reniform, the anterior margin almost straight, but
little shorter than the infra-ocular portion of the genz; antennze about
equal to the head and pronotum in length. Pronotum much as in the
male, but the whole structure is more inflated, and the metazona is very
slightly shorter than the prozona. Tegmina reaching to, but not ex-
ceeding, the valves of the ovipositor. Prosternal spine erect, short, blunt,
slightly compressed transversely. Interval between the mesosternal
lobes quadrate, slightly longitudinal ; interval between the metasternal
lobes longitudinal, expanded anteriorly and laterally confined by the
curved metasternal lobes. Anterior and median femora not inflated as
in the male, rather slender, slightly arcuate; posterior femora a little
more robust than the same parts in the male.

General color above bistre, below gamboge yellow. Head mottled
bistre and wood brown, the distinct, rather narrow, post-ocular streak
shining black ; occiput with a dark median area margined laterally by
obscure bars of a lighter tint; antennz dull gamboge yellow. Pronotum
above with a broad median longitudinal bar of vandyke brown, some-
what mixed with blackish laterally ; lateral margins of the disk of the
pronotum with a rather distinct bar of wood brown, which becomes ob-
solete posteriorly ; lateral lobes with the post-ocular streak broad’ and
shining black, occupying slightly more than the superior half of the lobe,
the inferior margin of the streak supplied with two ovate white blotches,
which are strongly contrasted against the shining black bar; remainder of
the lateral lobes broccoli brown, slightly mixed inferiorly with wood

yin

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87

brown. Tegmina bistre, with a few sub-obsolete spots of ecru drab.
Pleurz blackish brown except the metathoracic episternum, which bears
a prominent diagonal bar of yellowish-white. Abdomen above tessellate
with blackish-brown on a dull ochraceous ground. Anterior and me-
dian limbs drab, more or less irregularly infuscate with a darker brown ;
posterior femora drab above and on the lateral face, the lower and inter-
nal aspect gamboge yellow, external face with diagonal blackish bars,
which cross the superior face and are distinct and regular on the inter-
nal surface,* genicular arch blackish, with a patch of ecru drab below ;
posterior tibiz pale claret brown, the spines black except at the immedi-

ate base.
MEASUREMENTS.
of 2
Length of body ........ 22.5 mm. 29. mm.
Length of pronotum...... 5-50 Quire
Length of tegmina ...... 5 Pees a0; 7 #8
Length of anterior femora . . . se Aas
Length of posterior femora . . 12:2. 258 14,2>'5
Length of posterior tibie .. . 105.2505 st ee

Specimens have been examined from only the type locality
and Atsion, Burlington Co., New Jersey. But one specimen
was taken at the latter locality, that on September 2, 1902.

But little variation is exhibited by the series examined, the
differences which do exist being wholly. in the intensity of the
coloration and the separate or confluent character of the bars
on the outer face of the posterior femora (vide supra).

A Handsome Species of Tachysphex from Arizona.
(Hymenoptera. )
By HENRY L. VIERECK.
Tachysphex propinguus n. sp.
This beautiful wasp is related to 7. ashmeadii Fox, from

which it is easily separated by the very acute pygidial area,
the more elaborate silvery ornamentation, color, etc.

*In some specimens these bars are confluent and inseparable on the
external face, but in all the specimens examined the superior and inter-
nal faces are distinctly barred. The female type belongs to the form with
the form with the external bars confluent.

88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ‘04

?.—Length about romm. Aead:—Clypeus shining, with small and
large punctures separated by irregular spaces, the anterior margin prom-
inent, slightly subemarginate in the middle; front with small confluent,
imperfect punctures, giving a rugose appearance to the integument, ver-
tex with some small imperfect punctures, largely tessellate ; space between
the eyes across the summit of the vertex equal to about three-fourths
mm.; first joint of flagellum a little more than two-thirds the length of the
second ; impressed space back of the posterior ocelli heart shaped or
nearly, shining and with a central longitudinal depression.

Thorax :—Sculpture much like that of the front, with a shallow impres-
sion medially extending from the interior margin to somewhat beyond the
middle ; scutellum convex, slightly impressed medially, more distinctly
and sparsely punctured than the dorsulum, shining ; post scutellum dull;
metathorax finely, uniformly coriaceous ; posterior face with fine trans-
verse striz and a longitudinal, nearly almond-shaped impression with
point down ; mesopleura more finely sculptured than disc of metathorax ;
anterior tarsi with about fifteen bristles to the comb ; middle tarsi with
eight spines or more on the first joint between base and apex ; posterior

tarsi with only one or two spines on the first joint between base and apex

(by first joint is meant the metatarsus) ; length of radial nervure between
the stigma and first transverse cubitus about equal to the distance be-
tween the first and second transverse cubiti on the radius, length of radius
between the second and third transverse cubiti about two-thirds the
length of the preceding segment.

Abdomen :—Five mm. long; dullish, very finely sculptured; pygidial
area shining, slightly convex, a few punctures on the sides, bounded lat-
erally by a sharp raised margin.

Predominating color dark ferruginous ; the head is black except clyp-
eus, basal half of mandibles, scape and first three joints of flagellum,
which are rather smoky ferruginous, the pedicellum and joints of the
flagellum beyond the third are blackish, face with a more brilliant and
dense silvery appressed pubescence than rest of head, dorsulum largely
black, the reddish color almost obscured, clothed with silver pubescence
like the head, but not so dense except on the sides ; a spot on scutellum,
a spot on metanotum and asmall patch on mesopleura blackish, appressed
pubescence on these parts not so heavy as on the face, more abundant
on the sides than on the dorsum; a broad satiny border of appressed
pubescence on segments one to four, notched on each side basally ; wings
hyaline, nervures dark brown or black ; legs sericeous of the same hue
as the abdomen, pulvilli and large spur of four posterior tibize black.

Type, property of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel-
phia.

Type locality, Florence, Arizona. One specimen taken 23
July, 1903, by Mr. C. R. Biederman,

Mar., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ 89

Micro-Lepidoptera—Suggestions. :
By W. D. KEARFOTT.
Part I1.—Pinning and Setting.

Micro-Lepidoptera in North America are in for a boom, if one
dozen letters from new correspondents within the past thirty
days, asking for directions of all sorts regarding setting, col-
lecting and breeding can be placed in evidence; and as it
would be impossible to do justice to each separately, the
Editors of our popular NEws have offered their pages.

These suggestions make no attempt to illustrate all the ways
that each thing can be done, but only an effort to describe in
a simple manner that can readily be followed by any boy or
girl, at little expense, the methods and apparatus that I have
used for the past five years, during which time I have col-
lected, bred or received and mounted over twenty thousand
specimens.

One of the most important things to get over is the fear
most of us have that because an insect is very small we will
certainly spoil it. This will surely be the result if we do not
bear in mind that a small body contains but little moisture and
will dry out and become stiff in a few hours on a summer day,
unless a tight metal (zine is best) collecting box is used, in
which the cork can be moistened once in a while; and also
that a setting board with a half-inch slot is not suited for
spreading an insect that expands but little more.

Also remember that practice makes perfect, and do not be
discouraged if the first or second or third attempt results in
fairly good studies of venation but more or less poor cabinet
specimens ; persevere, and in the fourth or fifth or tenth at-
tempt we will want to call in all the family to see how skillful
we are becoming.

Pins.—I use only two sizes, the larger, English, made by
Kirby, and known as No. 1 Steel, needle-pointed, black
japanned. ‘These are very thin and remarkably stiff, made of
spring steel ; the head and point can almost be bent together
and when released will spring back perfectly straight. The
head of this pin is pressed out of the same wire of which the

90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’04

pin is made, just like a common household white pin, and
never comes off.

The smaller ones are German made, and known as Minutien
Nadeln; they are very fine, also steel, black-japanned and
needle-pointed, length about half an inch; their use involves
a double mount, which will be referred to later.

Avoid as a pestilence any pin, white, black or gold, that is
part or all brass. Verdigris will surely result sooner or later.
Also avoid steel pins with heads made of a different metal
squeezed on. ‘These heads will come off at most inopportune
times, and the resultant spring of the pin will send the wings
and abdomen in every direction.

Don’t permit the dealer to sell what he has in stock, but
insist on the right sort and he will be forced to get a supply
of them.

PINNING.—Half the work of good setting is the way the
pin is put through the thorax. It should rake well
forward and the point should enter as nearly as
possible the exact center of the thorax, and if the
proper angle is observed it will come out on the’
under side through the posterior edge of the last
thoracic segment, and thus be clear of and prevent
damage to the legs; as shown in Fig, 1.

Never lift a specimen with your fingers, at any stage of its
‘progress from the net to your cabinet. Always have at hand
a small pair of fine-pointed forceps; the kind jewelers use are

Fig. 2.

the best, about 4 inches long, cost about 15 cents; and when-
ever a specimen has to be moved (before the pin is in it) use
these fine forceps, catching hold by a leg, never by the wing.
It requires a little practice and patience to pin properly. I
usually lift the insect carefully by one leg and lay it in the
crevice formed by holding the forefinger of my left hand
against the thumb, always with the head of the insect pointing
toward me. ‘Then, with the same forceps in right hand, pick |
up a Minutien Nadeln, being sure to have the point in the right

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. QI

direction, and push through thorax until you can feel the
point, then holding top of pin by forceps, push the insect to
desired height, by sticking pin in a piece of soft pith, that of
common elder, Sambucus canadensis L,., being the most satisfac-
tory. The same procedure if Kirby No. 1
pin is used, except the forceps for handling
pin are unnecessary. Fig. 3.

In connection with this operation, two
small points will be useful to observe. Ist:
if the ends of the forefinger and thumb
are very dry, the insect is liable to slip about and dodge
the pin. To overcome this, dampen end of finger, rubbing it
against thumb until you can feel the least bit of a sticky feel-
ing. The second point: when pinning the insect, steady both
hands by letting the tips of the two little fingers press against
each other.

SETTING NEEDLES. — Nothing better than common fine
cambric needles, a package costing only a few cents, stuck eye
end into extra long match sticks. This is easily done by hold-
ing needle in left hand, vertically, with point on piece of hard
wood,—desk-top, for instance,—in the right hand hold the
‘match stick and firmly and gently force it down, so that the
eye of the needle goes up into the stick for three-quarters of
its length. The match wood being so much softer than the

f9.3.

top of desk, the point goes into the latter only a very little
and comes out easily. A few needles will be broken, but with
care the majority will be all right. Afterwards with a sharp
knife whittle off needle end of stick to a neat taper. Fig. 4.

SETTING BoARDs.—Use exactly the same kind as you do
for macros, but make the slot just a trifle larger than the bod-
ies of the insects. The widths of slots of my boards range
from one-sixteenth to five-sixteenths of an inch ; the two sizes
most commonly used have one-eighth and one-quarter inch
slots.

As the pins I use will not go through thick cork without
dangerous forcing, I glue a strip of elder pith on the under

92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’04

side of the slot; if pith cannot readily be procured, very thin
sheet cork (1-32 inch) can be used. This must be of the very

best quality AAA, free from knots and holes. My boards are

thirteen inches long and are made from one-quarter inch thick
well seasoned white pine, of the quality known as pattern lum-
ber. A dozen boards of this length can be made by any boy
in half a day. He should first go to a carpenter shop and
have this list of sticks cut out by the carpenter and smoothly
planed all over.

8 strips, 4% in. thick, % in. wide, 13 in. long (tops).

Weta,” Gates fs 1367408 13 ‘* ° (bottoms).
Ba ke tg eee cae 1HOKT (tops).
Se NARI es Sa eae tage Fe Babe: (bottoms).
Mia come” Spite: Li I us ae (tops).
ee mats 2 23%. ** Daa (bottoms).

In addition get about six feet in length of the same boards,
Y inch thick, % inch wide, but sawed cross-grain. ‘The above
is sufficient for twelve boards of three different sizes. Enough
for a beginning. |

To put these together, clear the desk or table of all other
objects, separate the different size sticks into piles, have the
cork cut into half inch wide strips—or if you can get pith have
it ready, one side cut flat, take a razor or extra sharp knife to
cut this, and have your glue pot in working order.

Start first and glue the cork to the bottom side of the top
strips by laying two of equal width together and carefully sep-
arating them exactly equally their whole length one-sixteenth,
one-eighth, or whatever width the slot is to be. ‘Then hold
the strip of cork in one hand, and with the brush touch both
edges of one side lightly with thin glue (this must be done
quickly) ; then lay glued side down on strips, carefully press-
ing, but avoid getting any glue into slot or on the center of
cork that goes under slot.

Very carefully push this pair of tops to far side of table, out
of the way, placing a book on them to insure drying firmly
and evenly. Continue this operation until all twelve pairs of
tops have cork glued under them, and then prepare the bottom
boards by attaching the end and side pieces or uprights. These

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93

latter are made from the cross-grain strips, and can easily be
split with a pen-knife into proper lengths, which for the end
pieces must be the same as the width of the bottom boards.
I use two uprights on each side of my thirteen-inch boards,
about an inch wide, to give stiffness and prevent springing of
the completed board.

Now with the glue brush put a liberal quantity of glue on
one end only of each end and side piece, placing them in their
respective positions on the bottom board. As soon as this is
done, repeat the dose of glue on the top ends of these pieces,
and carefully lift the first corked pair of top boards, which will
be rigid enough by this time to handle gently, on top of the
uprights ; then move to a permanent drying place, with books
or weights on top. Finish up the other eleven in the same
way, and leave two days to thoroughly dry.

The boards are complete now, but perfectly flat on top, which
is objectionable, and must be remedied by running a small
plane a few times over the surfaces, taking the deepest cuts
on the inside. The wood is so soft and easily worked that
this is much simpler than it seems. I use a little steel and
iron plane one and a half inches wide that cost about 40 cents.

Be very careful to see that the inside edges, which are now
the upper edges of the slot, are perfectly even and level to
each other. If slightly irregular, the final finish with very fine
grade sandpaper will make them even.

Fig. 5 shows an outline of a finished board and position of
the several parts, except the cork, which is hidden by the
top boards.

e Fig. S. fl 2 2 ¢
8

A, top boards. B, bottom boards. C, end uprights. D, side uprights.

There are several ways of expanding specimens practiced
by our well-known collectors, and attention and practice with

04 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {Mar., ’o4

any system will insure good results. The advantage I find in
the following is simplicity and rapidity ; I can usually average
from forty to fifty specimens per hour.

Have a goodly number of strips of paper ready ; these should
vary in width from one-sixteenth to three-eighths or half an
inch, and an inch longer than the boards. ‘The best paper is
heavy book linen; a visit to any bookbinder or printer will
find a mine of suitable strips around his trimming machine,
and if he is not too busy he will put a thick layer of these
scraps in the machine and shear them off in different widths.
All of which will save the trouble of cutting them out with
scissors and insure their edges being parallel to each other. A
supply of setting pins is also required, and the best I know of
are the cheap black glass-headed steel mourning pins, ‘‘ Made
in Germany.’’ ‘Thirty or thirty-five cents will buy a dozen
small boxes or about five hundred.

SETTING. — With setting board in front, several setting
needles handy, setting pins alongside, relaxing box on left
side, and fine-pointed forceps within reach, we are ready to
begin.

First select two of the narrowest strips of paper, pinning
one end of each firmly into upper end of board, close to but
not overlapping the slot ; then with forceps take a specimen
from box, quickly pin it in the slot at the top of board, with
pin nearly vertical, just a little inclined forward; with needle
raise the wings until they rest flat on each side, then bring the
two paper strips down over the wings; in this position hold
left thumb or forefinger on the strips, an inch or two below
the moth, and with the setting needle in right hand, first draw
one pait and then the other pair of wings into a position so
that the hind margin of forewings makes a straight line ; after
getting each pair of wings in position, stick a pin through the
strip just below and close to the moth. Continue repeating
this until your board is full, and then pin on each side a wider
strip of paper, to cover entirely the projecting ends of the
wings. Sometimes this last process cannot wait until entire
board is finished, as some specimens are more inclined to curl
than others, and if the wings show the slightest tendency to

«

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95

rise up, then use short outside strips for each half dozen, more
or less, as may be necessary.

Fig. 6 shows upper end of board, with the inside narrow
strips in position and pinned down over six moths, and a short
outside strip covering the first three moths. The large black
dots are the pins.

Moths die usually in one of the following three positions,
and the manipulation is different for each, but all are easily
handled if treated tenderly.

First, with wings down against their sides, hiding feet. It
requires a little care to pin specimens in this position, but if
the moth is soft or properly relaxed, it is the easiest
to spread. Supposing that the pin has been inserted
so that it angles forward (Fig. 1), it must be put in
the board so that it is nearly vertical to the surface
of the board (Fig. 7) ; this makes moth with head
slightly higher than abdomen; run the setting nee-
dle under one pair of wings and, with a quick jerk, raise it,
and the wings will be found to be in almost the correct posi-
tion on the board.

Second, with wings elevated on both sides, entirely hiding
the upper surfaces (Fig. 8). To set one in this
position, pin as before and, holding the inner strip
between second and third fingers of left hand just
high enough to clear wings, with the setting needles
gently press on the bases of the wings, and as they
go down toward the board bring the paper strip
down, and very quickly they are in position.

Third, with wings drawn close to body, sometimes almost
rolled dround it. This is the hardest position, but should be
treated the same as the first ; in fact, it is well in both of these
positions to attempt to draw out the wings before the pin is all
the way down, being careful to use the setting needle on the

06 ' ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’04

under side, as a lifter, as much as possible, avoiding using the
needle on the upper surfaces except to lightly bring into the
final position.

DousLE Mounts.—Fig. 9 shows a double mount complete.
To prepare the little strips, take a sheet of %-inch AAA
cork, and with parlor paste stick a sheet of good quality white
paper on one side only, and place between two books or ina
letter-press for a few hours to dry smoothly and evenly. Then,
with a very sharp knife, cut the sheet into strips
about an eighth of an inch wide; then cut these
strips into short lengths, three-eighths to three-
quarters of an inch long. Stick a No. 6 pin through
one end of each, with the white paper side up.
Have plenty of these mounts on hand, and as you
remove your specimens from the setting boards,
those that are pinned with Minutien Nadeln can be
immediately pinned on the double mount, and as soon as
locality label is placed on the big pin, as shown on figure, are
ready for the cabinet.

The locality labels are nearly of as much inne as the
insect, and a collection with every specimen bearing label
showing place and date of capture is worth about ten times
as much cash value as the same collection with the labels absent.

My labels are printed with locality on top line, my name on
second line, and a blank space left below the name for the
date. I strongly urge all collectors to have their names on the
label. It adds much to the interest in the specimens, and, as
is often the case, if the species is new, whoever describes it
can give credit to its actual discoverer. In dating labels don’t
use figures for indicating the month. Either write it in full if
short-name month, or abbreviate if too long to write in full, or
use the Roman letters, z. ¢., vi, 26 equals June 26th or, if your
preference is to put the day first, 26, vi. It will always be
understood.

(To be continued. )

~<8>—
=<0r-

MotHER Potato BuGc—‘ Run, children! get under this toadstool!
We are going to have a shower of paris green !”

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 97

Notes on the Life History of Chrysophanus Gorgon.
By J. G. GrunDEL, Alma, Santa Clara Co., Cal.

The female Chrysophanus gorgon deposits eggs in the forks
of a long-stemmed species of Eriogonum, a plant which only
grows on the very dry hillsides.

Only one egg is laid in a given fork, but others repeat the
act until as many as five or six are found in one place.

The eggs are deposited in June, and the young larve emerge
_ in or about the latter part of August, and make their way to
* the lower part of the plant and hide among the old leaves feed-
ing but very little and only on the upper or green side of the
leaf, which the larva resembles in color, being of a dark green.

The larve feed only during the night and early morning up
to about 9 o’clock, A. M., growing but very slowly, being only
one-eighth of an inch long by the latter part of October.

After several moultings the appearance of the larvze changes
to a furry light green, nearly white and exactly resembling the
under side of the leaves upon which only it feeds and on which
it also fastens its cocoons, becoming full fed about May Ist, a
year from the time the eggs were laid, and when full grown
one-half inch long, with body thick at middle and tapering to
both ends ; head very small and hardly to be seen, even when
feeding, and appears to be lifeless when removed from the plant
and remains so for several hours.

Two New Halictus from New Jersey.

By J. C. CRAWFORD, JR.

Halictus vierecki n. sp. 9.—Head and thorax brassy-green, closely
covered with appressed golden-yellowish pubescence, the metathorax
contrasting because bare on disk, at times more greenish ; pubescence
below antennz lighter colored ; facial quadrangle slightly longer than
wide ; face closely and rather coarsely punctate, the basal half of clypeus
more coarsely so, the apical half smooth, shiny, rufous ; labrum and
mandibles rufous; flagellum beneath dull ferruginous; mesothorax
closely, finely punctate; legs dark, honey-colored, femora medially
brown ; inner hind spur with about four long teeth; tegule testaceous,
pubescent, wings yellowish, splendidly iridescent, nervures and stigma
testaceous ; base of metathorax enclosed, finely tessellated and finely,
irregularly rugose to apex; truncation and sides covered with pubes-

98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’o4

cence, sides closely, coarsely punctate; abdomen dark honey-color,

where covered with pubescence appearing lighter ; broad apical margins

of segments pale testaceous ; abdomen closely and very minutely punc-
tate, covered, except disks of segments 1 and 2, with appressed yellow-
ish pubescence ; very rarely the medial segments stained with blackish ;
venter slightly darker than above. Length about 4 mm.

3 unknown.

Type locality : Clementon, N. J.

Fifty specimens from New Jersey, as follows (H. L. Vier-
eck, coll.): Clementon: on trailing blackberry, June 6, 30 9;
June 2, 2 9; on Rubus villosus, June 2; also (without flower
label) Apr. 17; May 9, 30. Riverton: Apr. 17, 2 9; Apr.
23; May 9; on Solidago, Aug. 11; on Monarda punctata, Aug.
11, 3 9. North Woodbury: June 13; on Helianthemum cana-
dense, June 13. Shark River: July 7. Farmingdale: July 14.
Westville: April 19; July 21. Also, one specimen received
from Mr. E. S. G. Titus: East Marsh, D. C., Aug. 18, ’03,
W. V. Warner.

Dedicated to Mr. H. L. Viereck, from whom I received the
excellent New Jersey series.

Differs from the descriptions of any H/alictus with reddish
abdomen and the clypeus anteriorly testaceous in the dense
covering of yellowish pubescence, as well as in the following
details :

From creberrimus in the clypeus greatly produced, antennze
darker beneath; rugze reaching the apex of metathorax;
abdomen without zeneous reflection. .

From zzconspicuus in the metathorax not granulose, abdo-
men not smooth and shiny ; size larger.

From ¢estaceus in the metathorax closely punctate ; abdomen
punctate.

From zmpurus in the mesonotum not smooth and polished
_medially ; legs not polished ; smaller.

From zymphalis in smaller size, finer punctuation of meso- |

notum, color of abdomen ; lighter legs.

Mesillensis is said to differ from xymphalis only in the: bluer
color and punctate first abdominal segment; so the differences
given for zymphalis can be applied to meséllensis also.

7a

less crowded punctures on dorsulum.

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 99

Of the species given above, only zymphalis is known to me.
In creberrimus and inconspicuus the color of the anterior mar-
gin of the clypeus is not given, as they are included above.

Halictus marinus n. sp. @2.—Green, inclining to olive, with a very
slight brassy reflection, clothed with abundant white pubescence, long
and conspicuously plumose on the sides of face, pleura, scutellum, post-
scutellum, metathorax, base of first abdominal segment and lateral mar-
gins of other segments ; head closely and moderately coarsely punctate,
facial quadrangle distinctly longer than wide ; clypeus with large sparse
punctures, apex smooth, purplish-black ; antennz black, the flagellum
dull ferruginous ‘beneath; mesothorax finely roughened, finely and
closely punctate, scutellum with two smooth spots on disc; mesopleura
rather coarsely punctate, metapleura finely roughened ; medial and par-
apsidal grooves apparent but not very distinct; base of metathorax
finely, strongly longitudinally rugose to apex, not enclosed, truncation
finely roughened, rounded at top; legs dark brown, femora with zneous
reflection, pubescence white ; inner hind spur with four long teeth, the
last rather short; wings hyaline, splendidly iridescent, nervures and
stigma very light honey color; tegulz dark, pubescent, very large and
pointed behind as in ¢egu/aris, punctate all over ; abdomen finely trans-
versely lineolate, finely, sparsely punctate, the first segment with finer,
very sparse subobsolete punctures; apical margins of segments 1-2

-rather narrowly testaceous, of 3-4 broadly testaceo-hyaline ; all abdo-

men, except disks of segments 1 and 2, rather thinly covered with whitish
plumose, sub-appressed pubescence, more abundant toward apex ; ven-
ter dark, apical margins of segments lighter. Length 6-7 mm.

% unknown.

Four specimens from Ocean City, N. J., June 19, ’o1 (Vier-
eck, coll.)

‘‘Swept from grass Scirpus, Ammophila, etc., growing along
the strand just within the beach, and constituting the first
zone of plant life from the ocean—maybe they they were fly-
ing up from their nests in the sand.’’ (Viereck in litt.)

Received from Mr. H. L. Viereck, who remarked: ‘‘ Allied
to pzlosus Sm., but distinct by whitish pubescence and larger,
? It isalso distinguished
by the tegule, which place it in the tegudaris group, but the
large size easily separates it from those species. Mymphecarum
also has the tegule punctate, but they are rounded behind ;
the metathorax is very coarsely rugose, and the abdomen
black, easily separating it from marinus.

100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’04

North Carolina Records of Odonata in 1903.
By C. S. BrimiEy and F. SHERMAN, JR.

During 1903 we have collected nineteen species of Odonata
not previously recorded from North Carolina, besides which
we have received records of two others from other parties.
Additional localities for species already recorded * have also
been secured.

The collecting was done by the two authors and by Mr. S.W.
Foster, who was Mr. Sherman’s assistant during the summer.
Thanks are due to Mr. R. P. Currie,_U. S. National Museum,
and Dr. P. P. Calvert, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel-
phia, for the identification of specimens.

In the following list an * before the name of a species de-
notes that the species has not been previously recorded from
North Carolina; a B, S, or F after a record means that the
species was taken by Brimley, Sherman, or Foster, as the case
may be.

Gomphus exilis Selys ; Lurnberton, April 7, nine specimens (S & B).

Gomphus parvulus Selys ; Lumberton, April 7, three specimens (S & B).

Gompheschna furcillata Say ; Raleigh, March 24, one female (S) ; April
3, two males (B); April 9, four males (B) ; July 8, one male (S) ;-
the last specimen was caught in a house.

*Basieschna janata Say; Southern Pines, March 28, one male (S);
Lumberton, April 7, two males (B).

Nasieschna pentacantha Rambur; Washington, N. C., July 16, one
male (S). ;

Epieschna heros Fabr.; Cape Hatteras, April 6, one female, H. H.
Brimley.

Anax junius Drury; Beaufort, N. C., June 15, 18 (S).

Eschna (sp.); Raleigh, N. C., one specimen with broken appendages,
October 16 (F). A number of good-sized A<schnas were seen on
the wing during October and November (B), apparently not
A. junius or E. heros.

Cordulegaster maculatus Selys ; Raleigh, April 13, male and female (B).

Didymops transversa Say ; Raleigh, March 31, one male (B) ; Lumber-
ton, April 7, common (S & B).

Tetragoneuria cynosura Say ; Lumberton, April 7 (S & B).

Tetragoneuria semiaquea Burm. ; Lumberton, April 7 (S & B).

Tetragoneuria complanata Rambur; Lumberton, April 7, six speci-
mens (S & B),

* See Ent. News, vol. xiv, pp. 150-157, May, 1903.

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IOI

*Helocordulia selysi Hagen ; Southern Pines, March 28, one male (S) ;
Lumberton, April 7, one male and two females (S & B). The
spotting on the antenodals is much heavier in the two males than
in the two females.

Perithemis domitia Drury ; Fayetteville, July 10 (F).

Pachydiplax longipennis Burm. ; Lumberton, July 3 (S); Washington,
N. C. July 16 (S) ; Beaufort, N. C., June 11, 13 (S).

Mesothemis simplicicollis Say ; Washington, N. C., July 16 (S).

Libellula cyanea Fabr. ; Fayetteville, July 10 (F) ; Weldon, July 15 (F).

Libellula axillena Westw. ; Beaufort, N. C., June 9, 11, 18 (S).

Libellula incesta Hagen; Washington, N. C., common (S) ; Raleigh,
fairly common in May, June, July and August (B).

Libellula flavida Ramb. (plumbea Uhler); Raleigh, July 7, one male;
August 25, two males (B).

*Libellula auripennis Burm. ; Beaufort, N. C., June 9, 11, 18, five speci-
mens (S) ; Washington, N. C., one male (S).

*Libellula exusta Say; there is a specimen in the entomological collec-
tions of Cornell University from North Carolina, but without date
or locality (S).

* Micrathyria berenice Drury ; Beaufort, N. C., June 4, 20, 24, thirteen

. specimens (S).
*Pantala flavescens Fabr. ; Raleigh, July 22, one seen; August 10, one
- male taken in Green’s rock quarry (B).

*Tramea carolina L.: Lumberton, April 7, two males (S & B).

~* Calopteryx amata Hagen; two specimens in the entomological collec-
tions of Ohio State University, collected at Magnetic City, N. C.,
by Prof. W. C. Wetherby. (Prof. J. S. Hine in letter.) (B).

*Calopteryx dimidiata Burm. ; Lumberton, April 7, three specimens (S).

*Lestes inequalis Walsh; Raleigh, May 28, June 4, 10, 13, seven speci-
mens (B).

*Lestes disjunctus Selys ; Raleigh, July 15, one male (B).

*Lestes forcipatus Rambur; Lumberton, April 7 (S & B); Raleigh,
March 31 to August to; all taken later than April were in Green’s
rock quarry (S & B) ; Lumberton, July 3 (S).

Lestes rectangularis Say ; Weldon, July 15 (F).

Argia putrida Hagen ; Fayetteville, July 10 (F).

Argia tibialis Rambur; Fayetteville, July 10 (F). Several females from
Raleigh and one from Fayetteville have the thorax with blue mark-
ings (B).

*Argia fumipennis Burm. ; Lumberton, July 3, three specimens (S).

Argia bipnnctulata Hagen; Raleigh, May 28, 30, July 8, 9, 15, 16; taken
only along very small, somewhat marshy streams (S & B).

Erythromma conditum Hagen; Raleigh, common March, April, May ;
frequently seen resting with half-spread wings like a Zesées (B).

Anomalagrion hastatum Say; Raleigh, April to September, commoner
late in the season (B).

102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’04

Nehalennia posita Hagen ; Raleigh, April to September, common through-
out the season (B).

Ischnura ramburi Selys; Raleigh, May 27, June 8, in Green’s rock
quarry, July 18, one male on Walnut Creek (B) ; Washington,
N. C., July 16 (S).

*Ischnura verticalis Say; Raleigh, April 3. three females (B).

*Enallagma doubledayi Selys ; Raleigh, common from May to August in
Green’s rock quarry (B).

*Enallagma civile Hagen ; Raleigh, May 21, July 16, two males in Green’s
rock quarry (B).

*Enallagma aspersum Hagen; Raleigh, common from May to August in
Green’s rock quarry (B).

*Enallagma traviatum Selys: Raleigh, June 8, July 16, two males in
Green’s rock quarry (B).

*Enallagma divagans Selys: Raleigh, May 16 to 28, around pools near
Walnut Creek (B) ; Lumberton, April 7, one (S & B).

*Enallagma exsulans Hagen; Raleigh, July 23, three males, on Neuse
River, at Poole’s (B).

*Enallagma signatum Hagen; Raleigh, May 19, 21, August 5, five speci-
mens in Green’s rock quarry (B).

*felagrion decki Calvert ; Raleigh, June 10, 13, 20, about 130 specimens
in all taken ; all were along the edges of the same large marsh ;
the females stayed mainly in the thickets a little distance from the
marsh (B).

se
dl

SPECIAL NOTICE.

A department for the advertisement of the wants of specialists, particularly those
working on the classification of groups of insects.

Announcement: Under this heading and as part of ‘‘ Notes ~
and News,’’ we wish to place announcements of the doings and
wants of the systematist.

Persons wishing to obtain material for the sake of making
more perfect classification, or for other work of a compre-
hensive character, are invited to send a notice of their inten-
tions to this department. It is hoped that through the promi-
nence given the news mentioned, all material in collections will
be made available and the chances of duplicating work become
remote. It is becoming more and more desirable that syste-
matists should confine their efforts to the treatment of groups
of species rather than to miscellaneous single descriptions, espe-
cially of species belonging to a group which has not yet been

~ treated in some comprehensive work asa monograph or synopsis,

|
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ae

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]

To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy ” into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five “‘ extras,” without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with,the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb.

PHILADELPHIA, Pa., MARCH, 1904.

-We not infrequently have inquiries in regard to the tariff

laws in relation to insects. It would appear that there is a
duty of ten per cent ad valorem, as they would probably be
classed under ‘‘raw’”’ articles. Dr. L. O. Howard has very
kindly sent us the following tariff regulations, with his
comments :
_ Paragraph 20 of the Tariff of 1897 reads, ‘‘ Drugs, such as
barks, beans, berries, * * * dried insects, grains, gums, * * *
etc., one-fourth of one cent per pound and in addition thereto
ten per centum ad valorem.’’ I imagine that this paragraph
refers to Spanish flies and such things.

Paragraph 666 reads, ‘‘Specimens of natural history, bot-
any and mineralogy, when imported for scientific public col-
lections, and not for sale;’’ this is one of the paragraphs
under the free list.

I find no other reference to collections of insects except that
Paragraph 548 under the free list includes ‘‘ drugs, such as
barks, beans, berries, * * * dried insects, grains, gums, * * *
any of the foregoing which are drugs and are not edible and
are in a crude state and not advanced in value or condition by
refining and grinding or by other process, and not specially
provided for in this Act.”’

Of course collections not intended for public institutions
come under the provisions of Section 6, which reads ‘‘ That
there shall be levied, collected and pald on the importation of
all raw or unmanufactured articles, not enumerated or pro-
vided for in this act, a duty of ten per centum ad valorem, and
on all articles manufactured, in whole or part, not provided for
in this Act, a duty of twenty per centum ad valorem.’’

103

1C4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’04

Entomological Literature.

Dr. HoLtanp’s Motu Boox.—Criticism is disarmed at the outset,
when the author saddles upon the would-be critic the responsibility for
the determinations in his specialty. So the only point | have to call at-
tention to in the Noctuide is a failure of my own to recognize an errone-
ous determination on Plate XXV. Figure 9 should be ferreadis instead
of petulca. The original determination is not mine; the failure to rec-
ognize the error in proof is chargeable to me. Having thus acknowledged
my sins, I am free to congratulate Dr. Holland on the excellent book
that he has produced upon our favorite study and the impulse which it
is sure to receive from it. There are some things that I don’t like about
it; but that is no proof that they are bad. I wish there had been no
attempt to print half-tone figures on rough paper ; it does not do justice
to the block and does not much help the man who tries to identify the
picture.

But the main feature to which I object is the complete surrender, in the
Sphingide, to the doctrine that, where an author proposes a genus and
lists a number of species under it without specifying a type, the first spe-
cific name on the list must be considered as such, irrespective of what
others have done. This is contrary to the code of the American Orni-
thologists’ Union, which has been generally followed by American ento-
mologists, and it results in a complete reversal of the conceptions applied
to some of our best-known generic names. I confess that Ido not see
my way clear to follow Dr. Holland in his acceptance of the Rothschild
book ; it is upsetting the practice of a century ona technicality that bene-
fits no one, and kills the spirit that abstract justice may be done to the
letter. Why should American entomologists discard the canons of a
code prepared for the American ornithologists by some of the best sys-
tematists of our country? And why should we follow Rothschild rather
than Kirby, Staudinger or Latreille? The interests of a stable nomen-
clature have not been advanced by the adoption of a new dispensation in
a popular work.—J. B. SMITH.

THE Micro-LEPIDOPTERA IN Dr. HOLLAND’s MotH Book.—The
fifty-four pages of text, in which are forty-eight figures, usually illustrat-
ing life histories, and eighty-odd colored figures, will prove of much help
to collectors in determining a few of their smaller captures ; and is an
earnest of what we may look for when Dr. Holland publishes his ‘‘ Micro
Moth Book ’’—the need of which is very apparent when we consider that
more than one-third of all our Lepidoptera are embraced under this
heading.

It is to be regretted that the text figures are so very poor, due to too
rough paper or worn-out cuts of Riley’s—or a combination of both; and
that the colors of the figures of the plates are not as clear and natural as
_ could be desired.

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 105

The percentage of errors of identification is gratifyingly small. I note
the following:

Plate xlviii, Fig. 24, is Olethreutes nimbatana Clem., and not Platynota
flavedana Clem. Fig. 40, same plate, is not Epagoge tunicana W\sm.
Itis probably Sparganothis senecionana W\sm.; but Dr. Holland is not
responsible for this error, as there at least three different species in the
Washington, Philadelphia and New York museums, all labelled ¢uicana.
I hope to straighten this mix-up very soon.

Same plate, Fig. 22, Tortria albicomana Clem. is very unlike the type
which is in Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and is a pale yel-
low insect. The form figured is rather unusual.

Pyrausta ochosalis, Fig. 57, plate xlvii, should be credited to Dyar and
not Fitch MSS., as the former described this from Fitch’s manuscript in a
recent issue of the proceedings of the Washington Entomological Society.

Several of the generic names used by Dr. Holland differ from Prof.
Fernald’s latest published list of Pyralids, for what reason I do not know:
Zinckenia Zell. for Hymenia Hbn.; Glyphodes Gn. for Diaphania Hbn.;
Phlyctenodes Gn. for Loxostege Hbn ; and he has repeated the error
which occurs in both Dyar’s Catalog and Smith’s 1903 List : A/ceris in
place of Acderis.

Loxostege triumphalis Grt. possesses a melancholy interest, as itis the
last or nearly the last North American species described by Grote. The
type is in my collection.

One thing I feel very sorry about in a book that is bound to become so
popular with the young collector, and that is the stone wall he has built
around the method of expanding and handling these small specimens.
Chapter two is principally given up to this subject, and among other im-
possible things calls for beveled glass slides—How many collectors,
young or old, will go to this trouble and expense ?—and also advocates
the very questionable method of holding the wings down with one or
more threads. I do not think one specimen out of fifty will dry flat and
retain the larger proportion of its scales if set in the manner advised.—
W. D. KEARFOoT.

THE general acclamation and praise with which Dr. Holland’s long
expected Moth book has been received are certainly well deserved, and
it seems almost hypercritical in the face of the many excellent features
which render the book almost indispensable even to the advanced
student, to call attention to any defects. Unfortunately there are a few
improperly identified figures which, while of no moment to the specialist,
would certainly mislead beginners—the very class for whom the book is
intended.

Dr. Dyar has already called attention, in the December issue of the
Canadian Entomologist, to several misnamed figures, and I feel it is my
duty to point out another, with profound apologies to Dr. Holland.

Figure 1, on Plate VI. is presented as Cocytius anteus Dr. 2. It is

106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’04

not that species at all, but is an excellent, tho’ light colored, figure of C.
cluen’ius Cr. 3. havea full series of C. anteus (medor) of both sexes
as well as specimens of vivudaris, duponchelli, beelzebuth and cluentius.
For two years I received nearly all of Mr. Barrett’s catch of anteus from
Mexico, handling upwards of 100 specimens. Azf@us is larger in both
sexes and differently shaped in the wings than c/uwentius ; is of a gray-
green rather than chocolate brown, has a relatively and actually larger
clear area in inferior wings ; lacks the light brown dash near apex of fore
wings, so characteristic of c/uentius ; and as far as my observation goes,
antzus never has more than three pairs of distinct yellow spots on sides
of abdomen, the basal pair being obsolete. C/uwentius usually has six
pairs of abdominal yellow spots, the basal pair being strongly marked.
In ant@us the yellow spots at base of inferior wings are confluent ; in
cluentius a dark dash separates them. The two species are abund-
antly distinct and contrast strongly when placed side by side, not inter-
grading like C. anteus and C. anteus medor. Duponchelli, rivularis
and deelzebuth might, by an inexperienced eye, be confused with small
specimens of ante@us, but cluentius never. I trust Dr. Holland will
pardon my calling attention to this, for I heartily admire the book.—
ELLISON A. SMYTH, JR., Blacksburg, Va.

OpONATA OF Maine.—Thanks to the kindness of Prof. Gilman C.
Drew, successor of the late Prof. F. L. Harvey at the University of
Maine, I have lately received a copy of 7he University of Maine Studies
No.4. A Catalogue and Bibliography of the Odonata ( Dragonflies) of
Maine, with an Annotated List of the Collectors. By Francis Le Roy
Flarvey, Professor of Natural History. Orono, Maine, August, 1902.
-16pp. This has been printed from one of those manuscripts which Prof.
Harvey placed in my hands,* but which seemed to me to be more fit-
tingly published by an institution of the State to which its subject-matter
specially related. Since this paper may be overlooked by those inter-
ested in these insects, it seems worth while to call attention to its exist-
ence. The catalogue occupies nine pages, listing 34 genera and 94 spe-
cies, of which latter 3 are Calopterygine, 27 Agrionine, 15 Gomphine,
4 Cordulegasterinez, 8 A®schnine, 18 Corduline, 19 Libellulinz, and is
based on all the known records. The two pages of bibliography cite 22
papers by seven authors, while notes on thirteen ‘‘Collectors of Maine
Odonates,’’ with the names only of some others, are given on pages
14-16.—PHILIP P. CALVERT.

First KATypID—Why didn’t you come before?
Second Katydid—Were you calling?
Was I calling? Don’t you see how hoarse my legs are ?—Exchange.

* See the News, vol. xi, p. 452; vol. xii, p. 178.

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 107

Doings of Societies.

The Tenth Regular Quarterly Meeting of the Pacific Coast
Entomological Society was held at the residence of Leon
Munier, 1148 Guerrero Street, San Francisco, on the evening
of November 14th, President Fuchs in the chair. Seventeen
members responded to roll-call. Five visitors were present,
and two new members were elected.

Miss Julia Wright read a paper reporting the results of a
collecting trip to Towles, Placer Co., exhibiting some sixty
specimens of Coleoptera taken. Among the number were:
Omus rugipennis Van Dyke MS., Pterostichus inanis, Corymbt-
tes edwardsii, Trachykele lecontei, Buprestis gibbsit, Chrysoboth-
ris nixa, Ellochetes leoninus, Leptura grossa, Dyslobus segnis.

Dr. E C. Van Dyke read an account of a short collecting
trip to the Lake Tahoe region, giving an interesting account
of the habits as far as known of the species of Coleoptera
taken, exhibiting his catch, and also many species taken in
North Carolina.

Mr. J. G. Grundel reported the life-history of Chrysophanus
gorgon, exhibiting the pupa and food-plant (/riogonum) of the
same. He also stated that the larva of 7hecla augustus very
much resembles the larva of C. gorgon in shape, but that the
color is pink. He found it feeding upon the flowers and buds
of the Yerba Santa (F7riod)'ction) in the latter part of March
and early part of April. .

Mr. Edw. Ehrhorn reported a collecting trip to the Klamath
Hot Springs in August, and also one to Pokagamu in Septem-
ber. Mr. Fuchs identified the following Coleoptera collected
by him: Cychrus obliquus var. convergens, Deretaphrus oregon-
ensis, Cucujus puniceus, and Dyslobus segnis. Mr. Ehrhorn
stated that three new species of Coccide were taken.

Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher exhibited some rare Coccinellide,
such as Hyferaspis hornii and Scymnus myrmidon.

Mr. Fordyce Grinnell showed a box of Lepidoptera from
about Los Angeles, the following being especially noted:
Lasiocampa medusa, Anatolmts regulus, Nisoniades sp., Meli-
t@a wrightii, and Colias cesonia var.

Mr. J. C. Huguenin drew attention to the following, in a

108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., ’o4

box that he exhibited : Limenitis lorquinii var., Kodiosoma sp.,
Alypia lunata, Pieris sisymbri, Pyrameis carye var. mulleri.

Sphinx chersis was presented by Mr. James Cottle.

Mr. Leon Munier showed a very nicely arranged box of
miscellaneous Coleoptera. F. E. BLAIspELL, M.D., Sec.

At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social, held
January 20th, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 S.
13th St., Philadelphia, twelve persons were present.

This being the annual meeting, the President, Mr. C. R.
Baerner, made his address, dealing with matters chiefly of
interest to local entomologists.

Prof. Smith spoke on the dissemination of malaria by the
mosquito, illustrating his talk with lantern-slides.

Mr. Haimbach exhibited Chrysophanus hyphophleus and
Sabulodes transversata.

The following officers were elected for 1904: Presidents
C. R. Boerner: Vice-President, E. Daecke; Secretary, W. J.
Fox ; Treasurer, H. W. Wenzel.

D. M. CastTLe, Secretary pro tem.

The Entomological Section of the Chicago Academy of Sci-
ences met in the John Crearar Library, at the usual hour,
January 21, 1904.

Present—W. K. Higley, A. B. Wolcott, Wm. J. Gerhard,
Emil Liljeblad, Alex Kwiat and W. E. Longley.

Mr. Wolcott read his paper on the characteristics and distri-
bution of the Coleopterous genus Charissa, of which he had
numerous specimens on exhibition.

It was an able paper, and unfortunate that so few were
present to hear it.

Election of officers postponed until next meeting.

Secretary pro tempore.

A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held January 28th, Mr.
Philip Laurent, Director, presiding. Ten persons were present.

Mr. Rehn exhibited some New Jersey Orthoptera, among

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Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. tog

them an apparently new species of A/elanoplus. Melanoplus im-
pudicus Scudder was taken. This species has been previously
recorded from Georgia and Mississippi. FParoxyia scudderi
Blatchley, previously recorded from Indiana only, was captured.

Dr. Calvert exhibited a 8 and 9 dragonfly taken at Salton,
in the Colorado desert, southern California, by Prof. Wickham,
265 feet below the sea-level. ‘The species was described by
Currie as /schnura barbert.

Mr. Laurent exhibited Grvapholitha caryana reared from the
husks of the hickory-nut. He also exhibited the cocoons of
Symphysa adelalis Kft. on oak, taken at Anglesea. He found
that a specimen of Prionus laticollis 9 disclosed 440 eggs. Mr.
W. R. Reinick was elected an Associate of the Section.

HENRY SKINNER, Recorder.

Minutes of meetings of Brooklyn Entomological Society,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

January 9, 1902.—Eighteen persons present. Prof. John B.
Smith, president, in the chair. The annual reports of the
treasurer, librarian and secretary were presented. The officers
of the preceding year were re-elected. Mr. Roberts reported
the capture at Lakehurst of Celambus farctus, Agabus tenio-
latus and Hydroporus cimicoides, and stated that the occurrence
of the latter north of South Carolina had not been previously
noted.

Mr. Franck reported that MWelipotis nigrescens had been taken
near Jersey City, although supposed to be confined to the
southern states. Prof. Smith added that these examples
afforded proofs of an extension of the southern fauna into the
Pine Barrens of New Jersey, and suggested that all specimens
should be accurately labeled, that records of such migration
might be preserved. Discussion as to the best gum to be
employed. ‘Tragacanth was unanimously approved, shellac

was also useful, but fish-glue had been known to melt in cases
and became stringy in hot weather.

Prof. Smith exhibited a number of lantern slides character-
istic of European rustic and urban life and illustrating meth-
ods employed in preserving forests from the ravages of insects.

110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Mar., ’04}

February 6, 1902.—Eighteen persons present. Mr. Edward
L. Graef, vice-president, in the chair.

Mr. Weeks read an English translation of a clipping from a
German newspaper entitled ‘‘$8,o00 for a Butterfly’ ( Ornzthop-
tera paradisea), with other instances of the extraordinary sums
paid and hardships undergone to obtain various rare species,
some of which were afterward taken in large numbers. Dis-
cussion by Messrs. Doll, Franck and Graef, giving instances
of the capture of insects either rare or only locally so. Catop-
stlia eubule had been seen by thousands on the south shore of
Long Island (Rockaway Beach), while Colias cesonta had been
taken in Prospect Park, Brooklyn. Mr. Doll stated that the
first recorded capture of Zeuzera pyrinz in this country was at
Hoboken, in 1879, by Fred. Smith. The specimen was a female,
found still living in a spider’s web, and was for many years in
the Neumoegen collection.

Discussion as to the best methods of destroying mosquitoes

and to what extent they acted as purveyors of disease. Mr.
Weeks preferred draining or filling, wherever practicable, as
affording permanent relief, to kerosene applications, which
were only temporary.

March 6, 1902.—Twenty persons present. Prof. John B.
Smith, president, in the chair.

Discussion as to the effect of heat and cold upon maculation
of wings of Lepidoptera. Mr. Englehardt exhibited variations
of Vanessa antiopa in which the blue submarginal spots were
more or less obsolete, and which had resulted from the expo-
sure of the pupe, directly after the transformations from larve,
to extremes of heat and cold. Mr. Wasmuth mentioned his
capture of specimens of Avclia arge the secondaries of which
were highly suffused while the moths caught elsewhere in the
vicinity were of the ordinary type. Mr. Weeks offered as an
explanation that this arctian pupated in the spring, when the
weather was variable, and inasmuch as the fresh pupez were
insufficiently protected, it was more likely to be exposed to
and affected by extreme climatic changes, and that the loca-
tion of the place of pupation as to whether the exposure were
northern or southern might be a factor in causing variation,

ey ee

Mar., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Itt

Mr. Doll exhibited a fine series of /unonia cenia showing
extremes of light and dark forms either bred or captured by
himself duriug a number of years.

Mr. Wasmuth exhibited a unique aberration of Samia cyn-
thia, the submarginal band being nearly three-fourths of an
inch in width, with increased lightness of color.

Mr. Weeks read a memorial upon the life of Mr. John Ak-
hurst, a recently deceased member of the Society, with a
description of his entomological collection, and presented reso-
lutions of regret and condolence, which were unanimously
adopted.

April 3, 1902.—Twenty-four persons present. Mr. Ludwig
B. Goldhorn was elected a member.

Mr. Gustav Beyer related his experiences upon a collecting
trip to San Lucia, Lower California. He remained there from
February to October, and brought back many fine specimens
of Coleoptera, embracing some new species. During the first
six months no rain fell, and the excessive aridity rendered
sifting and sweeping unavailable. He therefore had recourse
to breeding, and transported thither five packing-boxes, the
tops of which were covered with muslin. These were filled
with larvze-infested cactus logs. The larval borings could not
be detected from the exterior, but by stripping off the outer
bark the presence of the larve was easily ascertained. A few
beetles, including some Cerambycidz and Buprestidz, were
taken on leaves and flowers during the dry season. One large
species of Scarabzeid, Megasoma thersites, frequented the tree-
tops, and could only be dislodged by climbing as high as pos-
sible and then violently jarring the branches. Mr. Beyer made
a number of collecting trips to the mountains, with varying
success. He exhibited many of the specimens taken.

Mr. Franck exhibited some interesting variations of P. ¢roz-
lus 3, P. turnus 9, M. phaeton and C. philodice, the primaries
of the ¢voz/us being deeply indented with white, caused by the
coalescing of the marginal lunules with the submarginal rows
of white dots. The greenish tinge in the interior of the sec-
ondaries was also much lighter, and many of the submarginal
spots were obsolete. Captured in New Jersey.

112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.. [Mar., ’04

Benjamin Franklin Koons.

Benjamin Franklin Koons died at his home in Storrs, Con-
necticut, December 17, 1903. He was born September 8,
1844, at Sulphur Springs, Ohio. At the age of seventeen he
enlisted in the 123d Ohio regiment, and served till the close
of the Civil War; after which he worked his way through
Oberlin, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in
1874. Mr. Koons received the degree of Ph. D. from Yale
University in 1881. - He spent several summers working with
the United States Fish Commission. In the fall of 1881 he
was appointed Professor of Natural History in the Connecticut
Agricultural College (then Storrs Agricultural School), and
from 1883 until 1898 was at the head of the institution. From
then until his death he was Professor of Natural History and
Curator of the Museum, which contains valuable material
largely collected by Professor Koons from many parts of the
United States, including the National Park and Alaska, Al-
though Professor Koons has published little of entomological
interest, he was a careful student of the subject, keeping well

informed. His popular lectures were interesting and instruct-—

ive, and the students received much of practical value from his
course in Economic Entomology. For many years he was
Entomologist of the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture.

Professor Koons was a man of a quiet nature, but firm in
his convictions. He was respected by all the students, and
his death is mourned by many friends.

CORRECTIONS IN THE List OF NORTH CAROLINA CICINDELIDZ.—
There are two matters which need attention in my ‘‘ List of the Cicin-
delidz of North Carolina’’ (ENT. News, vol. xv, p 26-32).

Cicindela 6-guttata has been taken at Raleigh, thus adding a new
locality. This would scarcely be worthy of record were it not for the
fact that it does not seem to be at all common here, the one specimen
taken on April 29, 1903, by myself, being the only record.

The other matter is one of credit. Under Cicindela purpurea it should
have been stated that the species was taken at Blowing Rock by Mr.
C. O. Houghton and myself. We were together upon that occasion.
Under Cicindela abdominalis Mr. Houghton should also have been given
credit for taking the species with me at Southern Pines. Indeed, of the
five specimens taken, Mr. Houghton captured three. —FRANKLIN SHER-
MAN, JR, Entomologist N. C. Dept Agr., Raleigh, N. C.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VoL. XV. APRIL, 1904. No. 4.
CONTENTS:

Ashmead—A new Alysiid from Ceylon 113 ae Raleigh Na Ciccs ie these stl 120

Grinnell—A new Thanaos from Cali- Kearfott—Micro-Lepidoptera Sugges-
MAGMA «vas a caused anche Sets tnateace ks 114 Mane, Patt Tir sc ecsedivce dca csaa’s oo 127

Banks—Two Species of Hydroptilidz 116 | Editorial ..............2-.eecececeecees 137

Fernald—The North American Species Notes and News) oi... 00. cess seccesaece 137
PEN IMOLMOM LD ecko eeu edi oben eesss 117 _| Doings of Societies.......5.......0s068 138

Brimley—List of Sphingide, Saturni- Obituary: Dr. Hans Herman Behr.... 142
idz and Ceratocampide observed

A New Alysiid from Ceylon.
By Wm. H. Asumeap, M.A., D.Sc.

Mr. E. Ernest Green, the eminent Coccidologist of Ceylon,
has recently sent to Dr. L. O. Howard a small collection of
parasitic Hymenoptera for names, among which was a new
Alysiid, in a genus not yet reported from oriental regions,
which is described below.

Genus ASPILOTA Forster.

Aspilota ceylonica n. sp.

d'.—Length 1.5 mm.; ovipositor subexserted. Black and shining, im-
punctate ; first segment of abdomen testaceous ; palpi yellowish-white ;
two basal joints of antennz and the legs honey-yellow, the trochanters,
tips of tibiz and the tarsi yellowish white ; flagellum black, pubescent,
the first joint a little longer than the second ; wings hyaline, the nervures
brown.

Type.—Cat. No. 7725, U. S. N. M.

Peradeniya, Ceylon. Described from two specimens bred
by Mr. E. E. Green from a Dipterous larva living in decayed :

fungus.

113

114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. April, ’04]

A New Thanaos from Southern California.
By ForpycE GRINNELL, JR., Palo Alto, Cal.

Thanaos callidus, n. sp.

Q.—Antennz blackish throughout, with inconspicuous annulations ©
extending to the club; club entirely black. Palpi clothed with long,
black hair, intermixed with grayish hairs, the ventral part more gray
than the dorsal. Eyes very dark brown or black. Primaries blackish,
thickly overlaid by grayish hairs; dark brown towards inner edge.
Fringes with long hairs, same color as adjacent parts of wing, 1 mm,
wide ; a black line extending parallel to the fringe. The discal area is
marked by four black crescents, the concave sides facing ; the crescents
forminga‘), Midway’between these discal markings and the outer edge
are two rows of black dashes, crescent-like and forming almost two par-
allel lines, 1.5 mm. apart. The inner row extends from the costa three-
quarters of the way to the inner margin, while the outer extends about
half-way. Secondaries dark brown, sprinkled with long, black hairs;
a tortuous row of round, lighter spots extends from costa to inner mar-
gin, parallel to outer margin. Fringes continuous with those of the pri-
maries. Underside brownish, lighter towards outer margin. Fringes
blackish. A row of round whitish spots on secondaries parallel to outer —
margin.

d\.—Differs from the female in having the upper side of primaries black-
ish, with fewer gray hairs, and these confined to the region of the anal
angle, but spreading to the apex. A small white discal spot, and midway
between this and outer margin a group of three whitish spots, arranged
in a diagonal line and close together; a somewhat large, white spot in
the same plane, half-way between costal and inner margin. Secondaries
black or very dark brown, a slighter darker shade along the outer mar-
gin, otherwise without markings. Underside of primaries brownish, with
the same markings as the upper side. The secondaries brownish with a
faint indication of three whitish spots in the anal angle. Thorax and
abdomen with black hairs, interspersed with grayish ones. Expanse of
male and female 30 mm.

Appendages of the male :—The side or clasping organ is large and
quadrangular in outline; the cephalic portion tapers more or less ab-
ruptly downward and ends in a knob-shaped structure. The thickest
portion is in the middle which is marked by a suture. The caudal por- .
tion consists of three projections ; the lower is longest and tapers to a
point, but enlarges in the middle and toward the cephalic part and is
clothed with quite long hairs. The upper is about half the length of the
lower, is slightly curved and blunt at the extremity, with a few long hairs.
The middle projection is short and distinctly knobbed and leans forward
into the arch formed by the upper organ. The structure which holds the
anal opening is very peculiar in shape; it projects up between the two-

April, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 115

side or clasping pieces. It is curved; at the lower end it is tapered and
has a long, slender, downwardly projecting piece, notched at the lower
end, which probably serves as a prop. The upper part is modified into a
clasp, with three peculiar hook or grasping pieces for holding the anus ;
the lower two are longest and are curved downward and upward forming
a cup; the upper piece extends upward and has on its dorsal-cephalic
part a small hook, curving cephalad. The structure which holds the
penis is also peculiar aud consists of two pieces ; one long, slender and
funnel-shaped and large at the lower end ; and the other broad and leaf-
like, joining to the middle of the other piece ; a funnel-shaped depression
is thus formed for the reception of the penis.

Habitat :—Mt. Wilson, Sierra Madre Mountains, Los Angeles
County, Califortia. Altitude, 5886 feet. Discovered June 6,
1903, flying very rapidly around the Ceonothus and scrub-oak
shrubs on the summit, in the hot sunshine.

Types, four males and one female, to be deposited in the
collection of the California Academy of Sciences. ‘The mark-
ings of the female are peculiar
and characteristic and will serve
to distinguish the species at a
glance ; while the abdominal ap-
pendages of the male are pecu-
liar and characteristic in struc-

ture.
The figures have been drawn :

by the author from the appen-

dages of a male mounted in glycerine jelly on a slide, and
preserved with the type. Fig 1 represents the side or clasp-
ing organ; Fig. 2, the structure which holds the anal open-
ing; Fig. 3, the structure which holds the penis.

THE manuscript of a Catalogue of North American Diptera by Prof.
J. M. Aldrich has been accepted for publication by the Smithsonian.
The contract has been let for the printing, and he expects proofs almost any
time. It will appear in the series called “‘Smithsonian Miscellaneous
Collections,” the same which includes both first and second editions of
Osten Sacken’s catalogue.

There will be about 7o0o species of Diptera recorded from North
America in the new catalogue, and about 32,000 bibliographical referen-
ces. It wlll make at least 750 pages printed. There are about goo titles
in the bibliography, which includes economic and morphological papers,

116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’o4

Two Species of Hydroptilidae.
By NarHan BANKs.

The following two species of Hydroptilidze occur commonly
around Washington, D. C., and will be included in list of local
forms. ‘The form described by Chambers as a Tineid moth
under the name of Clymene egerifasciella has been referred to
this family ; it is, however, I think, a Hydropsychid, and has
four spurs on the middle tibize, and the hair of wings is not erect.

Orthotrichia americana n. sp.

Head with a dense tuft of snow-white hair between eyes, a broad
white median stripe on the thorax, and the anal region of forewings gray-
white ; so that when the wings are closed
there is a median white dorsal stripe the
entire length. Antennz wholly pale
whitish ; legs pale, unmarked, spurs 0, 3,
4; hind tibize with long white fringe be-
hind. Wings acute, anterior pair brown,
with some white hairs, mostly forming
several white spots near costal margin
toward tip. Hind wings narrow, with long pale-gray fringe; hair of
abdomen long and appressed. The male shows the long, two-jointed
penis, as in the common European species, and a black ventral plate,
hid in dense hair. Expanse, 4.8 mm.

Many specimens from Washington, D. C., in July and Aug.

ORTHOTRICHIA AMERICANA, genitalia.

Allotrichia maculata n. sp.

Head with tufts of white hair over bases of antennz and on thé vertex ;
also on the lateral lobes of thorax. Ocelli present. Antenne pale on
. basal half, then wide black band, then a
narrow white band, then a broad black

anterior tibiz and tarsi marked with

brown on the outer side ; hind tibiz with

long white fringe behind; spurs o, 3, 4.

Wings dark brown, a white spot on costal

third, one at pterostigma, a smaller one
ALLOTRICHIA MACULATA, genitalia, Near the tip, three on posterior margin,
one near middle, and one on_ apical

fourth ; there are black spots adjoining most of the white ones ; and two

other black patches, one at tip, and one on posterior margin near tip.
Hind wings with gray fringe, black around the tip. Expanse,5mm. ,

Specimens from Falls Church, Va., in August and September.

one, with a narrow white tip. Legs pale, -

nm

April, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 117

The North American Species of Chlorion.
By H. T. FERNALD, PH.D., Amherst, Mass.

A careful study of a large number of specimens of the large
blue or greenish sphecid wasp received from all parts of North
America, where it occurs, has led to some conclusions which
may be of interest.

This insect is labeled under various names in different col-
lections, those most frequently met with being Chlorion ceru-
~leum Drury, C, ceruleum Linn. and C. cyaneum Dahl., which
calls for an examination of the synonomy of the species.

Linnaeus in the tenth edition of the Systema Nature, I, p.
571 (1758), describes his twenty-second species of Sphex as
follows: ‘‘ 28. S. cerulea, alis ferrugineis basi nigris. Mus.
De. Geer. Habitat in America meridionali. Magnitudo Crad-
ronis. Alze ferruginee, basi nigre, apice albicantes. Antenne
basi nigra, apice ferruginee.”’

This is the first use of the specific name cerulea for a Sphex.
In the twelfth edition of the Systema Nature, I, p. 947 (1766),
this description is copied word for word for the thirty-eighth
(and last) species of Spex given in that work. But on page
941 of this same book, the second species under the genus
Sphex is also given the name cerulea (!), and it is described
as follows: ‘‘2. S. cerulea, alis fuscis. Amen. acad. 6 p. 412.
nm. 90. Catesb. car.3.p.5.t.5 ? sed punctum nullum in alarum
apice. Habitat in America septentrionali.’’

Comparison of these descriptions with the insect under con-
sideration shows that the one found in the tenth edition cannot
apply ; indeed, it would seem probable, as Dr. F. Fr. Kohl has
stated, that it is the description of some southern /epsis.
Hence this description in both ‘editions must be thrown out of
consideration. But its presence in the tenth edition of the
Systema Nature makes the cerulea described on page 941 of
the twelfth edition a preoccupied name, and we therefore have
for this last insect a description but no tenable name. The
description in itself might, perhaps, apply to the wasp here
treated, but it is too brief and vague to give any certainty,
though the reference in it to Catesby suggests a possible way

118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. April, ’04]

of learning to what insect Linnzeus intended this description
should apply. Catesby’s figure, however, gives but little
assistance. ‘The drawing is smaller than the insect here con-
sidered, but I can find no evidence that Catesby’s figures have
any definite relation to the size of the objects they represent.
Still the figure is evidently of a Sphecid, and of one with a
petiole longer than the abdomen—a character not true for the
present case. So far as any conclusion can be drawn from the
figure, it is more suggestive of a Podium or Pelopeus than of a
Chlorion. We must therefore conclude that while it is possible
that the description on page 941 of the twelfth edition of the
Systema Nature may be of this insect, the evidence from
Catesby’s figure does not sustain this, and that in any case the
description is without a tenable name.

De Geer (Mem. hist. nat. Ins., III, pp. 585-589, pl. 30, figs.
1 and 6, 1773) recognizes both of the Linnzean ceruleas, but
remarks of the one given only in the twelfth edition that it is
of mediocre size, and as he provides no name to take the place
of the preoccupied one his writings afford no assistance.

Drury (Ill. Nat. Hist. Ex. Ins., II, p. 75, pl. 39, fig. 8,
1773) figures what is evidently the insect for which we are
seeking a name, and gives a fair description of it. But he calls
it Sphex cerulea of Linneeus, and refers to page 947 of the
twelfth edition—the wrong cerulea—plainly an erroneous iden-
tification.

Dahlbom (Hym. Eur., I, pp. 22 and 24, 1843) gives two
descriptions which need consideration. To one (p. 22) he
assigns the name Chalybion cyaneum, and to the other (p. 24)
the name Ch/orion cyanzeum. Of these, the first can be thrown
out as not applicable in the present case, leaving Chlorion
cyaneum as the first available name to apply to our North
American Chlorion.

Kohl (Ann. naturh. Hofmus. Wien., V, pp. 186-187, 1890)
distinguishes two species among the specimens of this in-
sect accessible to him, naming them Sphex (Chlorion) nearec-
ticus and S. occultus. ‘The chief differences between these spe-
cies are that in C. zearcticus there are no punctures on the col-
lar, those on the frons are finer than in C. occultus, and the

April, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 119

clypeus in the female is slightly longer than the third segment
of the antennal filament. In C. occultus the collar, anterior
part of the mesonotum and the mesopleura are coarsely punc-
tured, the frons is more coarsely punctured than in the other
species, the mesopleura are in part coarsely rugose, as is also
the dorsum of the median segment, and the clypeus in the
female is shorter than the third segment of the antennal fila-
ment.

Examination of a large series of specimens convinces me
that these distinctions cannot hold. Nearly all the examples
agree in some of the characters named with C. zearticus, but in
others with C. occultus, and in many cases the division between
the two is about equal. Apparently C. xearcticus and C.
occultus represent extreme degrees of the variation of a rather
variable species, C. zearcticus applying to those forms in which
the punctures and rugosity are least developed, and C. occultus
to those in which they are most strongly marked.

Chlorion erarium Patton (Can. Ent., XI, p. 133, 1879) is,
as Patton himself says (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., III, p. 46,
1894), a variety of this insect, having a bronze color. The
shade of color seems to be connected with the locality from

-which the insect comes, specimens from New England and the

Middle Atlantic States being bronze-blue, those from the
_ States next south and including Kansas being deep blue, but
often with a bronze tinge, those from Missouri, Tennessee
and farther south deep blue, while examples from Mexico,
Arizona and California show transition shades from deep blue
through greenish blue to a bright green.

It is interesting to note that this insect has been captured in
Massachusetts as far north as the southern side of the Holyoke
range of mountains which crosses the Connecticut valley in a
northeast-southwest direction, though in Amherst, which ex-
tends to the top of this range on its northern side, it has never
been taken, nor do I find any record of its capture toward the
eastern end of the State.

Arranged in regular form the more important synonomy of
this species will stand as follows :

120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. April, 04

CHLORION CYANEUM Dahl.

? || Sphea cerulea Linn., Sys. Nat., 12th ed., I, p. 941, 1766.

? || Sphea cerulea De Geer, Mem. Hist. Nat. Ins., III, p. 589, pl. 30, fig.
6, 1773-

|| Sphex cerulea Drury, Ill. Nat. Hist. Ex. Ins., II, p. 75, pl. 39, fig. 8,
1773.

? Sphex cyanea Fab. Ent. Syst., II, p. 201. 1793.

? Pepsis cyanea Fab. Syst. Piez., p. 211, 1822.

Chlorion cyaneum Dahl., Hym. Eur., I, p. 24, 1843.

Chlorion cyaneum Dahl: Hym. Eur., I, p. 435, 1845.

? Sphex caerulea Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., III, p. 336, 1845.

Chlorion erarium Patton, Can. Ent., XI, p. 133, 1879.

Sphex ( Chlorion) nearcticus Kohl, Ann. natur. Hofmus. Wien, V, p. 186,
1890.

Sphex (Chlorion) occultus Kohl, Ann. natur. Hofmus. Wien, V, p. 187,
1890.

Chlorion ceruleum Ashmead, Psyche, VII, p. 65, 1894.

List of Sphingidae, Saturniidae, and Ceratocampidae
observed at Raleigh, N. C.

By C. S. BRIMLEY.

I.—SPHINGIDZ.
Hemaris thysbe Fab.

Common in gardens in summer on flowers of larkspur, pe-
tunia and verbena. Dates, 1900, July 13 to August 15, Sep-
tember 12. 1901, June 13 to August 20. 1902, June 25 to
August 15.

Hemaris thysbe ruficandis Kirby.

Common in woods in spring on flowers of bush honeysuckle
(Azalea), wild pinks (Phlox), and on wild plum (Prunus
chicasa) blossoms. On March 27, 28, and April 1, 1903, was
common on a lilac bush in my garden. Other dates were
April 11, 18, 27, 1903.

Amphion nessus Cram.

One caught on flowers of yellow jessamine (Gelsemium),
April 27, 1899.

~~

ove

April, ’04] . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 121

Deidamia inscriptum Harris.

In June, 1903, I found seven Sphingid larve on Virginia
creeper, which I took to be A. myron; these pupated from
June 12 to 18; I left them for a little over three weeks, and
then concluding they were all dead, put them up in alcohol.
All this time I still looked on them as myron ; a little while
later, on examining them, I was struck by their utter lack of
any of the characteristic markings of myron pupz, the head
also had several projections not present in myvon pupze, and
on carefully going over all the descriptions in my possession
of Chzrocampine larve and pupze, I concluded they were
this species.

Deilephila lineata Fab.

This was common in summer of 1899, but dates were not
recorded. In 1900 one was taken July 30 and another August
4, both on flowers of jimsonweed (Datura). In 1gor, one,
August 29, on Datura; one, September 2, on petunia ; others,
September 23, 24, 28, 30; October 1, on pink moonvine flow-
ers ; one, October 7, on honeysuckle flowers, at 11 A.M. In
1902 one caught in field in morning. Two larvz brought to
us September 10 and 12, 1902, said to have been found on
collards.

Theretra tersa L.

1900, September 24; 1901, July 22, 27, August 7, 30, Sep-
tember 9, 11, 13, 28, all but two caught in house,—these July
22, on Datura, and August 7, on Zinnia. A full-grown larva
was brought me September 22, 1902, said to have been found
on persimmon.

Pholus vitis L.
September 2, 1901, two larve were brought to me, but I
could not get them to eat anything, and both died.

Pholus pandorus Hiibn.

1900, September 1, in house; June 18, July 10, August 9,
in house; September 4, picked up on sidewalk ; 1902, July 26,
in house ; October 2, resting on fence. Larvze found on grape
July 14, August 12, 1901 ; September 11, 1902. The larve

122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 04

seem very subject to the attacks of Braconid and Tachinid
parasites.

Pholus achemon Drury.

A number of larvee of this specie, P. pandorus, and A. my-
ron brought us September 11, 1902. From those belonging
to this species I bred a number of pupz, from two of which
moths emerged on June 17 and 18, 1903. A specimen was
caught in house August 12, 1903.

Ampelophaga myron Cram.

1900, July 22, in house; rg01, August 2, 4, 8, 27, 29, bred
from this year’s larvee on Virginia Creeper; 1902, May 15,
one bred from 1gor larva; June 24, one resting on geranium
flower in daytime; July 10, 23, 26, August 1, 3, bred from
same year’s larve ; 1903, June 2 3, bred from 1902 larve. Of
five larvee which pupated from August 8 to 17, 1901, the last
four on consecutive days, two emerged as moths on August
26 and 29, a third on May 15, 1902, and the other two died.
Larvee may be found here from June to October. :

Phlegethontius quinquemaculatus Haworth.

Our commonest Sphingid, though curiously we have found
only two larve; these found on tomato July 27, 28, rgor,
pupated August 1, 3; moths emerged August 23, 26. The
moths are very common on jimsonweed flowers at dusk. Dates
for 1900, June 15 to 19, July 9 to August 26; 1901, June 11
to 28, July 23 to September 26. Both this species and the
next were exceedingly abundant in 1901, and have been much
scarcer since. »

Phlegethontius sexta Johan.

Nearly as common as the preceding; larvae very common
on tomato, jimsonweed and allied plants. In 1900 eleven
larvee pupated from August 19 to September 2; from seven of
these moths emerged on the following dates, June 15, 18, 20,
21, July 11, 28, August 8, 1901. Dates for the moths: 1900,
June 14 to 19, July 17 to August 22; 1901, June 11 to 25,
July 17 to September 24. The moths are nearly as common
on jimsonweed flowers as the preceding, but do not come out

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;
April, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123

as early in the dusk of the evening. The larve are much
subject to the attacks of Braconid parasites.

Phiegethontius rustica Fab.

1900, August 15, one on jimsonweed flower; 1901, Septem-
ber 5, one on rose, a larva found in October, 1901, on ash,
and another in October, 1902, also on ash ; in summer of 1903,
three larvee found on Chionanthus, and one on privet ; all four
succumbed to the attacks of Braconid parasites.

- Phlegethontius cingulata Fab.

The larvee were very common on Japanese morning-glories
on my porch during the summer of 1899, but owing to the
attacks of Braconid parasites, I succeeded in rearing only one
moth. In 1900 moths were taken on jimsonweed flowers July
17, August 14, 16; in 1901, June 14, July 23, 24, 29, 30,
August 5, all on jimsonweed ; September 6, 23, on pink moon-
vine; 1902, August 26. The pupz are often ploughed up in
the sweet-potato fields. Two moths emerged in 1903 as late
as the first week of October, though I have not the exact date
by me, the specimens having passed out of my possession.

Sphinx plebeia Fab.

1900, July 31, Aug. 21; 1901, July 23, all on jimsonweed
flowers. Two larvee found on crossvine (Bignonia capreolata)
in September, 1901, and another on trumpet vine ( Zecoma).
A moth emerged from one of the first two May 27, 1902.

Dolba hylezus Drury.
1901, August 1, one on jimson weed flower.

Ceratomia amyitor Geyer.

1902, May 26, one bred from larve on elm. Have seen the
larvee frequently in the fall on elm, and once on birch in sum-
mer (August, 18, 1902).

Ceratomia undulosa Walk.

1899, April 16, 25, bred from pupz found in winter; rgoo,
April 28, bred from pupa; July 28, bred from larva found
July 7, on Chionanthus, pupated next day and emerged twenty
days later. In 1901 the larve were very common on ash and

124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’04

Chionanthus during the months of August, September and ~
October. The larve pupated from August 30 to the middle
of October; next spring the moths emerged from May 7 to
July 15.

Ceratomia catalpe Boisd.

1901, September 11, one picked up dead; two caught in
house in previous years. 1903, thirty-one larvee brought me,
said to have been found on a Ca/alpa tree; these were nearly
full-grown, and pupated three or four days later.

Smerinthus jamaicensis Drury.
1899, April 21, one bred from pupa; 1903, June 16, 30, two,
both bred.

Paonias excecatus S. and A.

1899, one found, just emerged and resting on a weed, in
July; 1901, July 17, one bred from pupa: 1903, June 29.
July 11, two, both bred. In the fall of 1902 I had three
‘* Smerinthus’’ larvee, two with the caudal horn greenish and
the lateral stripes nearly meeting on the back, and one with
caudal horn bluish and stripes distant dorsally ; during the
winter I had a pupa brought me, and from these four bred
two specimens of this species and two of the preceding. Larvee
of this or the preceding are not infrequently found on willow
and also on apple and plum.

Cressonia juglandis S. and A.

I found the larvze of this on young hickories, mostly under
four feet in height, in large numbers in the fall of 1901, and
in lesser numbers in 1899 and 1902. June 27, 1900, one bred
from larva which had pupated September 30, 1899. May 12,
IgoI, one caught flying in my garden at dusk. August 14,
1902, one caught in house.

II.—SATURNIIDA.
_ Samia cecropia L.

Not common. I bred one from cocoon found on buttonbush
(Cephalanthus), the moth emerged June 3, 1900.
Callosamia promethea Drury.

The cocoons of this species were quite common in the fall of

April, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125

1898, and somewhat less so in 1899; since then I have not
seen any. Dates: 1899, May 2, 4, 7, 10, 16, 19, 25, 27, 28,
June 4; 1900, May 12, 14, 22, 26, 28, and one in June; all
bred from cocoons found during the previous winter, The
cocoons were commonest on sassafras, but were also frequently
found on tulip poplar, and an occasional one on a number of
other species of trees. Newly emerged females attracted the
males, sometimes in some numbers, twelve being the largest
number in one afternoon, no males came to the females earlier
than 4 p.M., nor later than 6 p.m. I bred an Ofphion froma
“cocoon May 26, 1900.

Callosamia angulifera Walk.

May 27, 1903, a male picked up in my garden.

Tropza luna L.

Larve very common on sweetgum (Liguidambar) in the
fall of 1901, much less common in 1902 and 1903. In 1900 I
found a larva on sweetgum, on September 29; it spun Octo-
ber 1, and the moth emerged May 4, gor.

Telea polyphemus Cram.

_ Very common, the larvee and cocoons being found most fre-
quently on elm and maple, also occasionally on oak and birch.
In 1903 moths emerged from cocoons found in winter, on the
following dates: May Io, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23, 26,
July 14, 26, 27, 29, 31, August 2, 5, 6, 8; the cocoons were
all kept out-of-doors in a rather cool place.

Automeris io Fab.

The larve of this species seem most commonly to be found
on cotton in this locality and are usually known as the Cotton
Stinging Worm. From larve taken in the fall of 1902 a num-
ber of moths were bred which emerged on the following dates

in 1903: June 23, 30, July 3, 7, 10, 11, 15. 22.
III.—CERATOCAMPID.
Anisota stigma Fab.
A number of larve found on oak in the fall of 1902. Moths

were bred from these on the following dates in 1903: July 17,
23, 28, August 2, 3, 4, 11.

126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’04

Anisota senatoria S. and A.

Larve often very common on oak. I had about two dozen
to bury in the fall of 1902, and did not breed a single moth
from the whole lot. I bred a male in August, 1900, from
larva taken the previous fall.

Anisota virginiensis Drury.
A female taken at night in the pavilion at Pullen Park, just
outside the city limits, in July, 1899.

Anisota rubicunda Fab.
Larvee often very common on maple. From larvee taken in
fall of 1902 I bred moths on the following dates: June 2, 5,

9, 21, 1903.
Adelocephala bicolor Harris.
Three larve brought me October 9, 1901, said to have been

found on Honey Locust. ‘Three more in fall of 1902; from
the latter one moth, a male, was bred on May 26, 1903.

Citheronia regalis Fab.

The larvee are quite common on cotton, persimmon, and
sweetgum, and are occasionally found on hickory, walnut,
and sourwood. From three larve which buried on Septem-
ber 26, 27 and 29, two moths were bred, the moths emerging
on July 17 and August 3, Igor.

Basilona imperialis Drury.

Larvee are common on elm, pine, sweetgum, cotton and oak,
but not as common as the preceding. From larvee which pu-
pated in the fall of 1902, moths emerged on the following
dates: August 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, all being males.

PROTANDRENZ IN New JERSEY.—Some years ago I examined in the
National Museum two males of Profandrena from Camden Co., N. J., a
surprising locality. They were not reported in Dr. Smith’s New Jersey
list (2d edition), and seem to have been overlooked. They were like

P. asclepiadis, but more robust, and I presume that they should be —

referred to P. cockerelli Dunning, described in the female only from
Kansas. This is the more likely because the National Museum contains
a male from Kansas agreeing with them.—T. D. A. CoCKERELL.

——— a ae, 7

April, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127

Micro-Lepidoptera—Suggestions.
By W. D. KEARFOTT.
(Continued from p. 96, Vol. xv, No. 3.)

Part [1,.—Collecting.

The favorite European practice is to bring home the speci-
mens alive, each in a small willow-chip pill box, killing them
in the evening or the next morning just before expanding.
The chief. merit of this system is in the naturally relaxed con-
dition of the moths, but its disadvantages seem to me to far

- outweigh the advantages, principally in the large bulk and

great number of boxes that have to be carried, the danger of
the moths flying around in the confined space and losing their
scales, and the always possible catastrophe of a stumble or fall
by which a goodly number of the fragile boxes will be reduced
to splinters.

Of course, the ideal way of obtaining flawless specimens of
Micro-Lepidoptera is by breeding, which will be the subject of
the next paper; but as many specimens can be taken with a
net, that may never be secured in any other way, it is desirable
to have the apparatus to fit the smallness of the specimens and
to be as simple as possible.

THE NeEt.— The net is the most important part of the
outfit ; and I have gradually reduced the size of the one I use
to only about half the diameter of the common butterfly kind.
It is six inches in diameter at the top, and in length twice its"
diameter or twelve inches (the same ratio should be used for
any diameter). I have tried all sorts of patent and folding
nets, but they all seem to be weak in some part, and give out
when most needed. A frame and stick I have used constantly
for over three years was made as follows:

The frame is a piece of three-sixteenths diameter spring
brass wire, total length about twenty-four inches, bent in a

circle, with two four-inch straight ends, like Fig. ro.

Fry. 10. The stick is a slender bamboo cane, cut to a length

of two feet; both ends should terminate at a joint.
In the smaller end, just below the joint, cut a small
hole on each side, and below the holes for two or
three inches wrap the bamboo with fishing cord to

128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’04

stiffen it and prevent the holes from becoming cracks. The
stick can also be divided in the middle, with a pair of ferrules
from an old fishing rod securely fitted to the cut ends; which
will make it possible to stow all apparatus away in bag or
pockets and avoid the scornful looks and remarks of those who
do not entirely appreciate the scientific value of our pursuit.
Fig. 11 shows the jointed stick, with the straight ends of the
frame tucked into the holes provided for them, which latter

explains the reason for selecting bamboo, namely, that it is hol-
low between the joints, and in addition is very light and strong.

The best and most durable material I have been able to find
for net-making is white »ousseline-de-soie, which can be bought
at any drygoods store ; it is a very fine mesh silk veiling, and
so woven that the threads do not draw apart, as is the case

with any material woven gridiron fashion, like com-
SS mon mosquito netting. The net is cut leg-of-mutton
shape, and the seams should be sewed down on both
sides ; at the top should be sewed a piece of two inch
wide white silk ribbon, turned over, to make a chan-
nel for passing the wire through (Fig. 12). Be
sure the small end at the bottom is well rounded,
leaving no corners.

KILLING.—Ether and chloroform are objectionable from the »
fact that insects killed by their use usually die with muscles
so rigid that it is often difficult to properly set them, and even
after taken from the setting board, with wings flat, there is a
strong tendency to revert to the position in which they died.

Insects killed with cyanide of potassium, on the contrary,
die in a perfectly relaxed condition. I have never used spirits
of ammonia, but imagine it would tend to affect the colors,
especially greens and pinks.

My cyanide bottles for micros are made of the common
++st-tubes which can be purchased in any drug store for a few

April, ’o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 129
Pp *

cents each. The most satisfactory size is about six inches
long by three-quarters of an inch in diameter. It is well to
have more than one for fear of accident, and also that too
many moths may not be in the same tube at the same time.
Three or four can easily be carried in top coat pocket, and
when I expect a big day’s work I load both top coat and vest
pockets.

The cyanide should be crushed into small lumps, about size
of buckshot, and put in bottom of tube from one-half to three-
quarters of an inch deep; on top of this put a layer of saw-
dust one-quarter to one-half inch thick, and on top of the
sawdust pour a teaspoonful of liquid plaster-of-paris. The chem-
ical action caused by the contact of the sawdust and cyanide very
much increases the strength of the latter. Leave
open for a couple of hours and then push a small
piece of absorbent cotton in the tube, shoving it
down as flat as possible against the plaster. This
will prevent the moths from sliding around over
the smooth surface of the plaster and rubbing off
their scales. Fig. 13 shows a test-tube properly
charged, and it is surprising, considering the very
small amount of cyanide, how long its strength
continues at full power. I have some that are
still as good as new that were made two and three
years ago. Their length and slightly flared mouth
make it particularly easy to manipulate them in-
side the net. But they are much more fragile
_ than the ordinary bottle or jar, and the greatest
care should be used, in case of an accidental
break, to dig a little hole and bury all the frag-
ments in the earth. If a finger is cut by the
sharp edge of the broken glass, get it immediately
into water, rubbing vigorously to get all the
poison out of the wound.

COLLECTING Box.—The best boxes are made ae
of thin sheet zinc, which does not rust like common tin, nor
verdigris like brass. My boxes are oval in shape, and are
cork-lined inside on both bottom and top.

Two sizes are convenient to have, the smaller about 5 by 3

"Sr tbry

30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’o4

inches and the larger about 7 by 4 inches. Either can be car-
ried in a side coat-pocket. I also use these same boxes all.
winter for relaxing dried specimens ; a teaspoonful of water is
sufficient, and for very small Tineids and Tortricids four to
six hours will make them just as soft as they were when first
killed ; much longer than this will make them wet, and once
wet it is impossible to do anything with them. A longer time,
say twelve hours, for the large, robust-bodied Tortricids and
medium-sized Pyralids, and the large specimens of the latter
family can remain twenty-four hours in the relaxing box with-
out coming to harm. While on the subject of relaxing, it
might be well to observe that it is very advantageous to use
two boxes at the same time. ‘The largest we can call the
storage box, which must be kept tightly closed all the time
except when opened quickly to transfer half a dozen to a
dozen insect specimens into a smaller box; from the latter
they are to be taken one by one for setting. If only one box
is used, and fifty or more specimens are under way, the con-
stant opening and releasing the moist air will cause a good
many of the last specimens to become too dry to work with.
For this same reason, pick out and spread those with the
smallest bodies first. I do very little setting in the summer
time, simply pinning the specimens when fresh and storing
them away until winter, and find no difficulty at all in getting 7
the moths as perfectly spread as if this work had been done
when they were freshly killed. But if the time is available,
and it is preferred to set the specimens as soon as possible
after they are caught, it will then be well to sprinkle a little
water on the cork of the box while out in the field or woods,
so the moths will not dry too much before getting home.

The brown canvas or khaki cartridge bags, sold in gun and
sporting-goods stores, with a leather shoulder-strap, are very
convenient and of light weight for carrying such of the appa-
ratus as the pockets will not hold; they are made in several
sizes, and range in price from sixty cents to one dollar and
a half. f

The above apparatus, with a supply of pins, forceps (Fig. 2)
and a short stick or two of elder pith are all that are needed

April, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 131

for collecting the perfect insects. Skill with the net is easily
acquired, and slipping the cyanide tube into the net and se-
curing the moth requires no particular explanation, a half-
day’s work will result in both operations becoming very easy.
But bear in mind that more than two or three specimens in
each tube will probably cause all to lose much of their fresh-
ness. When this number is in each tube, sit down on a log,
rock or fence-rail, with back to the wind, open collecting box
and place on knees, then gently tilt one tube so that the moths
drop into the upturned top of box; with forceps lift up and
pin as described on pages go and 91, sticking the pinned speci-
mens in the bottom of the box. If any of the moths stick to
the cotton in tube, either shake it gently or use the fine-pointed
forceps. It is not well to empty the moths from all of the tubes
into top of box before beginning to pin, for fear of the moths
coming in contact, wind blowing them around, or the fence-
rail breaking ; expose just as few at a time as possible, and
remember that a day’s work which consists of only a dozen
perfect and flawless specimens is of far more real value than
one in which two hundred are brought home in any old
condition.

While Micro-Lepidoptera can be taken every hour of the
twenty-four and almost every day of the year, there are, of
course, times and places more favorable than others, and a
reference to some of these and the general habits may be
of interest.

Pyralids are easily disturbed in the daytime, when walking
through the undergrowth of thickets and light woods, and
while the flight of some species is swift, the majority do not
fly more than twenty feet before seeking a new place of rest,
which is almost invariably on the under side of a leaf; to catch
them, the eye must be kept on the leaf, and after approaching
it quietly drop the net almost to the ground, and with a quick
upward sweep and a turn of the wrist, the game will usually
be found inside.

Tortricids are as a rule even slower flyers than the pyralids,
and unless a wind is blowing to assist them, will rarely fly
more than five or six feet ; they are as easily disturbed as the

132. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. April, ’o4

Pyralids in the daytime; but, while smaller, they are easier to
see, as they usually alight on the upper side of a leaf.

The majority of Tineids keep themselves well hidden during
the daylight hours, and only come out for their natural flight
about the time the sun goes down ; and a good day’s work can
be done during this twilight hour, for a half hour before
sunset until too dark to see. Back of my home, in the Orange

Mountains, in a favorable spot in the open woods, surrounded -

by low shrubbery and weeds, I have often caught one hundred
and more Tineids during this hour, without moving half a
dozen steps from one spot. This time of day also seems to be
the time of natural flight of a good many species of Tortricids,
especially the earliest warm spring days in March and April,
and the Indian Summer days late in the fall, November and
December. Many species of Tortricids can be taken in abund-
ance at these seasons that were before rare and almost un-
known. On March 14th last year I spent an afternoon in the
woods, and only caught three or four specimens up to five
o’clock, but from then until dark I secured several dozen.
November 3d I started collecting at ten in the morning and at
four-thirty in the afternoon had perhaps two dozen well-earned
specimens ; but then the flight began, and until it was too dark
to see I caught them just as fast as I could bottle them, more
than one hundred specimens, and all very good ones.

The trunks of trees should be carefully examined in the
daytime ; many a good ineid or Tortricid will be found in
the crevices of the bark, and the bottle can be employed di-
rectly on the moth, without the use of the net.

Light in an open window or the electric lights in front of
stores are also very attractive to nearly all moths. Sugaring
does not produce satisfactory results with the micros. I can-
not urge too strongly the more general use of a Moth Trap by
all collectors who are located in the country or suburbs, where
it can be placed so that the light shines over a patch of weeds
or an overgrown thicket, and where it will be safe from boys
who think it a joke to break the glass; as it works while we
sleep. The trap I have had the most success with is an adap-
tation of one described in vol. vi of the Bulletin of the Brook-

maa

ee
ae, 4
Cs i li

Re ioe bw

hes Gre ~

SO Te te ee te, FR
ring OA I ee

$
.
a

April, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 133

lyn Entomological Society (1883), and a cross-section is shown
at Fig. 14, and an outside view at Fig. 15. "The dimensions
are about forty inches long, of which ten inches are the lamp
compartment : the wide
flaring meuth or open
end is about eighteen
inches square; the width
at the other end tapers

to nine inches; and on
. the back of the lamp

3 ¢ aaa oe .
“Fors compartment is a hinged

door. The whole frame
of the trap is made of
one inch thick poplar,
except the top of the lamp space, which is better of tin to
avoid danger of fire. A hole on top, with a bottomless tomato
can for a chimney, will prevent the wind from blowing out the
lamp. The oblique lines in the sectional view are sheets of
glass, the outer and in-
ner beginning at the bot-
tom and reaching to
within one inch of the
top, the middle sheet

starting at the top but
not reaching the bottom ; Y/

by one inch. Of course, je | e
a fourth pane of glass
separates the lamp from eh sls its

the trap proper. On the

floor of the inner compartment, just in front of the lamp space,
is a circular hole for the insertion of the cyanide jar.

This should be a one- or two-quart Mason fruit jar with
screw-top. ‘The most convenient way to use the jar is to have
two screw-caps, one of which has the entire top cut out, leav-
ing only the screw-ring ; this ring should be permanently fast-
ened in the hole made for it in the bottom of the trap; a good
joint can be made by tacking a lid of a cigar-box on one side
of the hole; then lay the ring (with big end down) on the

rey ames ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’04

cigar-box lid, and carefully pour plaster of paris around it
until all the space is filled; after the plaster hardens, the
cigar-box lid can be pulled off and thrown away.

Then, just before dark, remove the solid cap from the jar—
which should be tightly stoppered all day to regain its
strength—and screw it up into place and, after lighting the
lamp and watching it awhile to see that it does not smoke, it

is ready to work all night.
eee With this trap, im my
home locality, I usually

caught from fifty to three
hundred specimens each

vember, of which sev-
enty-five per cent. were
Tortricids and Tineids.

Beetles do not seem to
be particularly attracted,
which is very fortunate,
as an able-bodied speci-
men would work havoc
before he succumbed.

I neglected to say that
all of the inside of the
trap should be painted
with several coats of good
white paint, and a sil-
vered-glass reflector put
‘on the door pack of the lamp; both add to the glare and

attractiveness, For protection the outside should be painted
dark green.

A very much smaller and simpler trap is shown in section at
Fig. 16. But it will require the services of a tinsmith, as it is
nearly entirely made of that material. This is the design per-
fected by my good friends in West Brighton, Pa., F. A. and
Harry D. Merrick, and to them I am indebted for the sketch
and the following description. ‘The total length is fifteen
inches, by eight inches wide and eight inches from top to

night, from April to No-

7

April, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135

bottom. The lamp compartment is four inches long. ‘The
chimney and top of lamp compartment are made to slide into
place, and the same arrangement is provided for the funnel-
shaped piece at the bottom, into the small end of which a
Mason fruit-jar screw-top, with the centre cut out, is soldered.

These slots or slides are shown in the sectional drawing by
what look like detached pieces, but of course they are soldered
or rivetted to the body of the trap.

The entire back of the trap is a door working in grooves, and
can be entirely removed at the top. The hole in the top for
the lamp chimney is placed over the front end of the lamp
space, so that the lamp can be easily removed by tilting.
There are only three sheets of glass, all of them 734 inches
square. The two front ones are arranged as shown, and come
to within half an inch of each other in the middle. They, as
well as the sheet of glass in front of the lamp, are held by
grooves made by turning up the edge of a strip of tin. The
The great advantage of this form of trap is that it is easily
portable, as the projecting pieces, top and bottom, the glasses
and the lamp can all be removed, and the whole apparatus
packed in a telescope travelling bag sixteen inches long by
eight inches square. One-pint jars are amply large for this
trap. It should also be painted white inside and green out-
side. Last year the Merricks started one trap about the mid-
dle of June and a second one early in August; this season
they have four ready awaiting the first mild night. The great
advantage that must not be lost sight of is that they ‘‘ work
while we sleep.’’ .

The large jars for traps should be made with a layer of
cyanide lumps as large as a chestnut, about one inch deep on
the bottom, over this another inch of damp sawdust, with
sufficient plaster-of-paris to hold all in place.

This will make a very powerful jar, killing almost instantly,
but it is also liable to become very wet after having been in
use a short time, therefore piecés of blotting paper, cut exactly
the diameter of the inside of jar, should be put in from time to
time to absorb the excess moisture, and the layer of raw cot-
ton on top of the plaster may have to be renewed every two or
three days, to prevent soiling the insects.

136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’04

After sending the copy of the first part of these Suggestions
to the Editors, I received from the American Entomological Com-
pany asample card of American-made steel, black japanned, nee-
dle-pointed pins, which are far superior in finish, stiffness and
springiness to any European-made pin I have ever seen. No. oo
is a trifle less in diameter than the No. 1 Kirby, which latter is
about the thickness of No. o. I can heartily endorse these new
pins; the best grade are to be known as ‘‘ No. 210 Special
double japanned.’’ The only criticism to be made is that the
heads are a separate piece ; but this may be remedied if we all
bring pressure to bear on the makers and insist on a head that

cannot come off.
(To be continued).

<e>

NOTE ON DURATION OF LARVAL STAGE OF ODONATA.—During the late
summer of 1902 the water in Green’s rock quarry dried completely up,
and remained so for at least two months. Unfortunately, I did not notice
the dates when the pool dried and when it filled up again. On July 22
and August 10, 1903, I found in the quarry exuviz of recently transformed
Anax junius; on September 5, 1903, of 7ramea carolina; on August
10, of Lestes forcipatus ; on August to and 18, of Pachydiplax longipen-
nis ; thus apparently showing that these four species had in this case com-
pleted their transformations in less than six months. The quarry had not
any water in it in the previous fall before late November at the earliest ;
thus the eggs of these species must have apparently been deposited in
the spring of 1903.—C. S. BRIMLEY, Raleigh, N. C.

INTERNAL PARASITES OF THE Duck.—The writer spent the summer
of 1903 upon a farm in the northwestern part of Connecticut. In the
latter part of July it was noticed that a large Pekin drake began to look
emaciated and sickly. All efforts to bring it back to health failed, and a
week orso laterit died. Postmortem examination revealed a large num-
ber of maggots feeding upon the flesh in the posterior part of the abdo-
men. Apparently the adult flies had deposited their eggs in or near the
anus of the drake, and upon emerging the young larvz had worked their
way into the surrounding flesh. A number of the maggots were allowed
to complete their life-history in confinement. This was accomplished in
about two weeks. Some of the adult flies were identified by Mr. D. W.
Coquillett, of the United States National Museum at Washington, who
found that there were two species belonging to different genera, Phormia
regina Meigen and Lucilia cesar Linne. By far the greater number
were of the former species. No differences were noticed in the larve;
but this is not strange, as little attention was given to them until the
imagos had emerged.

I can find no record of similar parasitism of birds,—A. VINCENT
Osmun, Amherst, Mass.

i ee

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]

To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put “copy ”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers wiil be acknowledged.—Ep.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1904.

Convocation week of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science will be held in Philadelphia during
December, 1904, and January, 1905, and at that time the
Association of Economic Entomologists and the Entomologi-
cal Club of the A. A. A. S. will meet in the same city. We
hope that the Entomological meetings will be a great success
and largely attended. Philadelphia may be called the cradle
~of Entomology in America, and there is much here that should
interest visiting entomologists. There is no doubt but that
the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
the American Entomological Society and the Feldman Collect-
ing Social will do all in their power to entertain visiting ento-
mologists. It may be early to mention these facts, but we do
so that all desiring to come can arrange their plans in advance.

er

Notes and News.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

Mr. PuiILip LAuRENT is at Gulf Hammock, Levy Co., Florida.

Mr. W. D. Kearrott, Mr. Erich Daecke and Dr. Henry Skinner con-
template an expedition into the wilds of the Great Notch, northern New
Jersey.

THe American Entomological Company has placed on the market a
new make of pins, both bright and Japanned. They appear to be an ex-
cellent article.

137

138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April ’04

Mr. Joun M. Geppes, of Williamsport, Pa., is at Stuart, Dade Co.,
Florida.

Pror. A. J. SNYDER, of Belvidere, Illinois, contemplates a collecting
trip to Utah, Idaho and Oregon this summer. He may decide to reside
in Oregon permanently.

ON PAGE 78 of the February number of Ent. News the item about
C. eubule strikes me.

This butterfly has been seen and collected in Nonquitt, Mass , for sev-
eral years. I noted it first in 1898 and took several specimens, as did
Miss Eliot. My record of its presence was published in Psyche, Decem-
ber, 1898. We have seen the butterflies there in succeeding years, but I
believe Miss Eliot did not see them last year—an exceptionally poor year
for moths and butterflies. It is evidently established there, for the butter-
flies have been too fresh to have flown far or long.—CAROLINE G. SOULE.

DUPLICATION OF SPECIFIC NAMES.—A glance at any catalogue will
reveal the fact that many specific names have become €xceedingly com-
mon. Isn’t it desirable to avoid this? Dr. P. P. Calvert makes it a point to
propose no new specific name twice in his specialty—the Odonata. This
is believed to be a good plan. In large orders such a course would make
the selection of names a difficult task indeed ; but in the case of the large
Orders one could modify the rule to cover only superfamilies.

Let us not duplicate a specific name in an Order if the Order is small,
and let us not duplicate a specific name in a Superfamily of the large
Orders.—HEnrRyY L. VIERECK.

IN REPLY to Prof. P. Jerome Schmitt’s inquiry regarding my experience
with Ga/erita taken on Stone Island, Fla., I would state that I took colo-
nies of Galerita bicolor mingling with Brachynus alternans and Chlenius -
erythropus, in and under decayed pine logs. So far as I can remember,
they all bombarded. Many of them, when first disturbed, and again
when picked up, would repeat the same performance, the report being
quite loud, and the discharge very acrid, leaving a painful burn and a
deep-brown stain on the fingers, which would take several days to wear
off.—D. M. CASTLE, 2007 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Doings of Societies.

A regular meeting of the Entomological Section of the Chi-
cago Academy of Sciences was held Thursday evening, Febru-
ary 18th, at the John Crerar Library. Eight members and
one visitor present. Election resulted as follows: Chairman,
W. E. Longley; Recorder, A. Kwiat; Executive Committee,
John L. Healy, Wm. J. Gerhard, A. Kwiat; Honorary Cura-
tor, A. B. Wolcott.

Mr. Longley reported on the work of the Section during

April, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 139

1903, adding a summary of the more important entomological
work done by others.

A discussion of the species of Rhopalocera occurring in the
Chicago area followed. This will probably be resumed when |
time and occasion permits.

Two boxes of butterflies from South America, which our
visitor, Mr. Block, exhibited, were also discussed and partly
identified by the aid of the Biologia-Centrali Americana.

Adjourned 9.45 P.M. A. Kwiat, Recorder.

The meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held on
February 17th, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel. 1523
So. 13th Street, Philadelphia. Eight members were present.

Dr. Skinner referred to a recent article on protective colora-
tion in moths, in which it was suggested that the hind wings
of Catocala were a protection against birds in consequence of
their bright color, a theory which the speaker could not sup-
port. He pointed out that Catocala seldom fly, except at night,
their hind wings being therefore concealed at a time when birds
are on the search for prey.

The members discussed the capture of Coleoptera by traps.

Wo. J. Fox, Secretary’.

A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held
February 25th. Dr. Calvert, President, in the chair. Seven-
teen persons were present.

Mr. Rehn exhibited Chorisonura, a genus of roaches repre-
_ sented by a new species from the coast of South Carolina. He
had also received /schnoptera johnsoni from Virginia.

Dr. Calvert exhibited in Riker mounts the Coleoptera he
used in class work in the University of Pennsylvania. They
were arranged to show several families and their characteris-
tics in each box. He then made remarks on the more recent
classification of the Order and quoted from various authors on
the subject. The same speaker also exhibited under the mi-
croscope specimens showing the development of the wing in
the larval stages of the potato beetle.

Mr. Wenzel said the proposed classification as given by Dr.

140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 04

Calvert differed radically from that of LeConte and Horn, and
would require much study before an intelligent opinion could
be passed on it. HENRY SKINNER, Secretary.

Minutes of meetings of Brooklyn Entomological Society,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

May 8, 1902.—Twenty-four persons present. Prof. John
B. Smith in the chair.

Mr. Gustav Beyer exhibited a fine series of Coleoptera taken
by.him in Southern California, embracing Acanthoderes, Mal-
lodon, Trichodesma, Acmaodera, Hololepta and Brenthus, the
majority of which he had bred from larvee as described in the
minutes of the last meeting.

Prof. Smith exhibited small elm twigs showing borings
made by the larvee of Anthaxia viridicornis and Neoclytus ery-
throcephalus, collected after the severe sleet storm in the latter
part of the winter, and stated that many specimens of these
beetles had thus been obtained, with some half dozen others,
including Saperda tridentata. He recommended this method
as productive of excellent results.

Mr. Ernest Shoemaker exhibited his large water-color paint-
ing of Lepidoptera, containing drawings of sixty-five specially
selected and rare native and exotic species. The labor con-
nected therewith had occupied him about 1600 hours during
the past five years, and he gave some data as to the special

work upon certain specimens. Mr. Shoemaker’s production

was greatly admired, not only for the beauty and arrangement
of the insects, but also for its accuracy.

June 5, 1902.—Twenty-one persons present. Professor John
B. Smith, president, in the chair. A committee of three was
appointed to consider the question of reprinting or revising
‘* Explanation of Terms used in Entomology.’’

Mr. Weeks spoke on the subject of ‘‘ Duration in Pupal
Stage by Hibernation and A¥stivation,’’ and among other
examples cited that of a pupa of Acronycta americana, which
he had found under a decayed board on Long Island in the
spring of 1901 (pupation had undoubtedly occurred in the fall
of 1900), and which at the date of the meeting was still in
a pupal condition and alive. (The moth emerged on June 8,

April, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 141

1902.) ‘This pupa had been kept in an extension with south-
ern exposure, which during the summer became excessively
warm, while the pupa itself, though not entirely deprived of
moisture, had many times been neglected for considerable
periods. Mr. Weeks added that after ‘‘ sugaring’’ assiduously
for several consecutive years, he had observed that many noc-
tuids were very irregular as to numbers from one year to
another. In certain years a species would almost disappear,
while in others it would occur in abundance. Although these
irregularities might in many cases be ascribed to stress of
weather, parasitism, etc., there was much to be explained as
to the factors which control emergence, that it may be not
only as simultaneous as possible, but should also occur when
a suitable temperature prevails.

Mr. Wasmuth gave instances of a 7. polyphemus which
passed over a year, and of a C. vegalis two years, in a pupal
condition. In the latter case the yellow maculation was
transformed to a brilliant orange. His Cevatomia amyntor did
not emerge from the pupze this year.

Mr. Franck added that many of his Sphingide often greatly
tetarded their appearance.

Prof. Smith mentioned that nut weevils frequently passed
two or three years as pupe.

Dr. Call reported that although there were hundreds of the
exuvice of the seventeen-year locust in Prospect Park this year,
he had only obtained three imagos, and attributed their scarcity
to the English sparrow, which eagerly devoured them.

It having been stated that Dr. W. S. Barnes had been unable
to find any traces of Sphinx elsa in Arizona, Mr. Doll replied
that cattle cropped the herbage so closely as to practically
destroy the food-plant, and thus cause the disappearance of
the insect over wide areas. It could still be found locally.

Mr. W. Grosbeck, of Patterson, exhibited a large series of
crayon drawings of caterpillars, moths, etc.

October 2, r902.—-Fourteen persons present. ‘The librarian
presided in the absence of the president and vice-president. Mr.
Louis H. Joutel, of Manhattan, New York City, was elected a
member.

Reports of collecting experiences during the past season

142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {April, ’o4

were given by various members. Mr. Martin had collected in
Germany and taken many Lepidoptera and Coleoptera; Mr.
' Engelhardt, at Hudson, N. Y., Hymenoptera; Mr. Franck,
at Beaver Brook, Sullivan Co., N. Y., where he had tested a
new lamp and taken many specimens; Mr. Richardson, on
Staten Island and at Cape Cod. In both localities he had
found Sphecius speciosus very numerous, had observed its hab-
its and taken many specimens. He also observed a species
of Sphex alight upon a spider’s web and feign to be crippled
and exhausted. When the spider approached to inspect her
supposed prey the wasp pounced upon her. Mr. Weeks related
a similar incident which he had seen. Mr. Schaeffer reported
the capture of M/onedula carolina on Staten Island. ‘This in-
sect occurs frequently in the South but rarely here. Mr.
Barber visited Cold Spring Harbor, L. I., and spent three
months at Mount Katahdin, where he took some Elateridze
and Buprestidz, but few Lepidoptera on account of the wet
and cold. Mr. Doll, in the Catskill and Adirondack Moun-
tains. Among the Coleoptera taken in the Catskiil Mountains
were Saperda calcarata, var. adspersa. Of Lepidoptera, three
specimens of P. leonardus. Mr. Watson, at Jamesburg, in
August, reported the occurrence of this butterfly there in
numbers. Mr. Goeben, at Callicoon, Sullivan Co., N. Y.,
and Mr. Pearsall, in Ulster Co., N. Y., found collecting rather
meagre. Mr. Weeks, at Brooklyn, reported that he had
sugared continuously throughout the season and made short
trips to the suburbs. He had taken many specimens of all
orders. Catocala were comparatively rare, due probably to
the severe sleet storm in the latter part of the winter, which
had dislodged and destroyed the ova.
ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS, Secretary.

aed

Dr. Hane Herman Behr.

Dr. Hans Herman Behr, physician, scientist, author, poet,
humorist and savant, is no more, and the world of science and -
letters must mourn the departure of one of its brightest lights.
_ He died Monday, March 6, at 11 o’clock, at his residence,

April, ’o4] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ~ 143

1215 Bush Street, in the presence of friends of nearly half a
century’s standing. His life work was finished and at the
ripe age of 86 he has passed away, leaving to posterity all the
results of the scientific research into which his master mind
had delved.

In San Francisco Dr. Behr has been most generally known
as the Vice-President and Curator of the Academy of Sciences,
that excellent institution which owes so much to his efforts.
In the scientific world, however, he was reckoned among men-
tal giants, for in many branches of science, particularly that
of entomology, he was an authority of world-wide prominence.

He was born August 18, 1818, in Coethen, the capital and
residence of the Duke of Anhalt-Coethen. He received a
classical education at the Prince’s College, in Zerbst, and at
the gymnasium of his native city, passing thence to the uni-
versities of Halle and Wuerzburg, where he studied medicine
and natural science. He was graduated as a doctor of medi-
cine from Berlin University on March 23, 1843.

As long ago as the time of his graduation he displayed a
passion for research in the field of entomology, and at the
urging of Alexander von Humboldt and other distinguished
scientists, who were his intimate friends, he began the won-
derful travels which led him eventually all over the known
globe and over a good part of that portion which is even yet
practically unknown. He visited Australia, Java and Brazil,
and lived two years in the Philippines. His work was ever
at the front. The miasmas of swamps, the bites of the dead-
liest reptiles, the attacks of the fiercest of wild beasts, were all
braved by the intrepid naturalist, who deemed life itself but a
small matter compared with the securing of some specimen of
insect existence hitherto unknown to science. He returned to
Berlin, and-there practiced medicine, but the fever of research
was too strong, and he again went out into the wilds. He
penetrated the most remote spots in the East Indies, still col-
lecting, and then, in 1853, he came to San Francisco. Here
he decided to settle, and here he wrote the books which have
brought him fame and will remain as a monument to his
energy for all time.

144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’04

Since 1864 he has been a Vice-President of the Academy of
Sciences, to which institution he presented his wonderful col-
lection of insects.

While Dr. Behr was the recipient of many honors from dif-
ferent institutes of learning all over the world, the most nota-
ble tribute to his attainments was given by his alma mater, the
Frederick William University of Berlin, upon the occasion of
his eightieth birthday. ‘The honorary degree of doctor ‘‘ Ho-
noris Causa,’’ was then bestowed upon him, a distinction never
before given to a German-American. ‘The presentation of the
diploma was made the occasion of a magnificent function in
Beethoven Hall, on August 18, 1898, prominent citizens of all
walks of life uniting to do him honor and telegraphic congrat-
ulations being recived from all parts of the world.

Apart from his numerous works on scientific matters, Dr.
Behr was the author of several volumes of prose and poetry.
A story of adventure in the Philippines had a large sale in
Germany, and some of his poems were published in the leading
magazines of his native land. Another book by him is now in
the press.

Nor was the late savant a philosopher of the ‘‘ dry-as-dust’’
variety. He was a valued member of the Bohemian Club and
he could hold his own with the best of the raconteurs. He
had a keen, incisive, but always kindly, wit. His knowledge
of men and affairs, together with the vast knowledge he had
gained in far countries and strange places, made him the most
companionable of men, and his loss will be felt with particular
keenness by the more intimate of his associates.

Arrangements for the funeral have not yet been completed,
but as the deceased was a Catholic, the funeral ceremonies will
be conducted under the rites of that church.

—San Francisco Chronicle.

Strecker’s Cat., 1878, III, gives sixteen titles of articles on
American insects by Dr. Behr. In later years he has published
in ‘‘Zoe’’ and other magazines. A number of our butterflies
were made known to science by Dr. Behr, particularly Veopha-
sta terlooti.-——Eds.

s . .
eer.

ENTOMOLOGICAL N EWS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VoL. XV. MAY, 1904. No. 5.
CONTENTS:

Smith—Notes on some mosquito larve risoneura from South Carolina ... 164
found in New Jersey............-.. 145 | Kearfott—Micro—Lepidoptera Sugges-
Knaus—The Coleoptera of the Sacra- tats Port Wes oo iis. Saas Ba dices 165

mento Mountains of N. Mex.—II.. 152 | Editorial ..............------ sees eeeees 170
Johnson—A supplementary list of the IIOUEW ONE, INGQWE. cc cns cess cc teeees enn 171

Diptera of New Jersey...........- 157 | Doings of Societies .............2-+20-- 172
Rehn—A new roach of the genus Cho-

Notes on Some Mosquito Larvae Found in
New Jersey.
By JoHN B. SMITH
(With Plates IX, X, XI, XII.)
7 Culex trivittatus Coq.

This is a grayish-black mosquito, with two white longitudi-
nal stripes on the dorsum of the thorax. ‘The legs and the
beak are not banded, while the segments of the abdomen are
white marked laterally and often across the dorsum.

Larve were first taken by the Messrs. H. H. and E. Brehme,
who were exploring the woodland pools on the hills back of
South Orange. Each turned in a bottle of larve and pupz
that were determined to be a mixture of Conchy'liastus musicus
and Culex sylvestris. From the E. Brehme bottle, C. musicus
and C. sylvestris adults emerged July 2d, and in addition sev-
eral examples of what was recognized as a species new to us.
The remaining larvze were closely examined, but could not be
differentiated from sylvestris. Meanwhile a large number of
pupze had developed and from these and from the collected
stock C. trivittalus, C. sylvestris, C. canadensis, C. territans and
C. musicus emerged. No larve of ¢rivittatus were obtained
from this series.

145

146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (May, ’o4

From the H. H. Brehme bottle there emerged, on July 2d,
C. musicus, C. sylvestris and C. trivittatus. July 3d, musicus
and sylvestris hatched. ‘The larve were carefully examined
in alcohol, and three full-grown individuals were separated
out as probable ¢rivittatus.

A second collection made by Mr. E. Brehme, July rst,
yielded more adults and larve. Collections made in the
Hatfield Swamp, August 11th and 12th, also by Mr. Brehme,
yielded yet further specimens, always in company with C.
sylvestris.

Outdoor captures of C. érivittatus adults were made July 2d,
at Trenton, by Mr. Grossbeck ; July 4th and 5th, at Chester,
by Mr. Dickerson; July 13th at Summit, July 17th and 18th
at Deckertown, July 21st and 22d at Lake Hopatcong, all by
Mr. Grossbeck, and September 3d, in the Great Piece Meadow,
by Mr. E. Brehme.

The larva (Plate ix, fig. 1) is a stout, rather chunky wrig-
gler, grayish in color, 7 to 7% mm. in length, and in general
build like sylvestris, with which it occurs. The head is com-
paratively small, one-third wider than long, evenly rounded in
front, brownish in color, darker at the base and blotched on
the vertex. The antenna (fig. 2) is less than half the length
of the head, sparsely set with rather large spines, tapering a
little toward the tip which is blunt, set with one long and one
short spine, a bristle and a stout little articulated peg. The
mandible (fig. 3) is set with small spines on the dorsal surface
of the base, and this is one of the few species so distinguished.
The mentum is triangular, the height at centre is equal to
two-thirds the base, the lateral margins are a little curved,
the teeth are small. The maxillary palpus is shown at figure
5; the mouth brushes are of the usual form, its hairs pectinated.

Thorax somewhat angulated at the sides, marking the seg-
ments, and with a tuft of long hair at each angle. It is some-
what wider than long, with two transverse depressions on the
dorsal surface.

Abdomen with the segments well marked, each with a lat-
eral tuft of long hair, decreasing in length posteriorly. The
comb on the eighth segment is arranged in an irregular patch

ee ee P

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147

of from 14 to 22 scales, as shown at figure 6. The individual
scales are shown at figure 7, and are ovate, the sides fringed
with spines which lengthen toward the tip, so that at this
point there is a long straight barb.

The anal siphon (fig. 6) is short and chunky; very dark
brown, almost black, in color. It has the usual double series
of spines, and these are of moderate length, taper rapidly toa
long acute tip, and tend to have short teeth near the base on
the inner side.

The anal gills are short, without obvious tracheze, and the
species has the normal Cadex habit of getting air through the
siphon only.

Culex discolor.

This is a yellowish-brown mosquito, of moderate size, the
body mottled and variegated with brown, legs and beak banded,
wings spotted. This combination occurs in no other New
Jersey species, and makes it an easily recognizable form.

Larvee were collected by Mr. W. P. Seal, at Delair, June
18, 1903, and received at the laboratory June 20th. They
were recognized as new to us, attracting attention, first, by
their unusually prominent, white antennz; second, by the
very long anal gills; third, by the habit of resting on the bot-
tom, back down, antennz pointing upward, and mouth-
brushes kept in constant motion, Pupze were formed June
23d and 2;th, and on the 27th and 28th adults emerged,—a
pupal period of four days. A second lot was received July
24th, but they were small, did not do well, and only one
female adult was secured August 8th. Mr. Seal states that
these larve are rare, and he noted their habit of remaining
below the surface and feeding at or near the bottom. A sin-
gle larva was also received from Mr. J. T. Brakeley, taken at
Lahaway, Ocean County.

The larva (Plate x, fig. 1) is from 7 to 8 mm. in length,
including the anal siphon, and is yellowish brown in color
throughout. The head is almost as large as the thorax, widest
at the eyes, a little excavated before the antenn , front
square. The antenne (Plate x, fig. 4) are white, almost
as long as the head, thickest centrally, with an out- and an

148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’o4

in-curve, terminating almost in a point. The tuft is well
below the middle, and consists of about a dozen hairs that do
not reach to the tip. The two long, spine-like hairs on the
inner side, half way between the tuft and the tip, represent
two of the four articulated spines usually found terminating
the antenne. The mandibles (Plate x, fig. 6) are peculiar
in that they have only a single dorsal spine; all the other
New Jersey species have two or more. The mouth-brushes
(Plate x, fig. 2) are entirely composed of simple hair. Men-
tum triangular, almost as long as wide, with nine teeth to

each outer edge. ‘The thorax has rounded outer margins and .

is somewhat wider than long. Abdominal segments subequal,
narrowing a little backward, curiously shaped in connection
with the oblique base of the siphon. The comb or pecten
(Plate x, fig. 8) consists of a series of from 5 to 8 scales
attached to a narrow band like a fringe, and not directly set
into the skin. The individual scales (Plate viii, fig. 9) are
oblong, the sides fringed with spines, two longer spines at
each lower angle, and a very long pointed process extending
centrally. The anal siphon (Plate x, fig. 7) is small for the
insect, about three times as long as wide, with two curved
spines at apex, an unusually large hair tuft below the spines,
and a series of from five to eight slenderly toothed spines on
each row. The individual spines (fig. 10) vary somewhat,
but always have the long, slender processes. The anal gills
are twice as long as the siphon, taper to almost a point, and

are well provided with trachez, indicating the bottom habits

of the larva.
Culex aurifer Coq.

This is a medium-sized, rather long-legged mosquito, with
unbanded beak, legs and abdomen. ‘The thorax is golden
brown, with the disc black, forming an indefined central band.
It bites viciously, but seems to be very local even in the terri-
tory where it has been found.

Larve were taken by Mr. J. Turner Brakely, at Lahaway,
late in April and in May, 1902. They occurred at a few points
only in larger bodies of water, mixed with canadensis ,; but very
rare, comparatively. One of the places where they were found

ere

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149

was in the water covering a cranberry bog. This bog was dry
all during the summer of 1902 and until late in fall, when all
adult mosquito life had disappeared into hibernation or else-
where. The larvze were found so early that there could not
have been any eggs laid by hybernating individuals. It is
probable, therefore, that the eggs were laid on the bog itself
during the summer of 1902, like those of canadensis, and that
they hatched as soon as the temperature of the water began to
rise well above the freezing line. The habits of the larve are
normal for the genus, and the duration of the pupal stage
varies from two to five days.

The larva (Plate xi, fig. 1) is from 7 to 9 mm. in length,
brownish black, tapering a little posteriorly. The head is
transversely elliptical, almost as broad as the thorax, broadest
just behind the eyes. The antenna (fig. 3) is white, tipped
with black, almost half as long as the head is broad, thickest
near base, tapering slightly to about the middle, then curved
inwardly toa blunt tip. The surface is set with small spines,
there are three long and one short spines at the apex, as well
as a little articulated peg. The tuft consists of from 6 to Io
hairs, and is situated above the middle at the obtuse angle
formed by the curve. In life the antennz are very conspicu-
ous, the black tip contrasting strongly with the white base.
The mentum (fig. 6) is broadly triangular, the height at mid-
dle equalling about half the width. Figure 2 shows the head
drawn from a cast skin, while the mandible and maxillary
palpus are respectively shown at 4 and 5. The hair on the
mouth-brushes is simple.

The thorax is transverse, edges of the segments marked so
as to form three angles, each angle marked by a tuft of long
hair arising from a distinct tubercle. There are two smaller
tufts at the cephalic margin.

Abdominal segments 1 to 6, inclusive, have lateral tufts of
long hair ; segment 2 has an additional tuft of short hair nearer
the hind angle, while segments 7 and 8 have short tufts only.
On the eighth segment the lateral combs consist of patches of
from 25 to 30 scales each, arranged as shown at figure 7; an
individual scale being shown from above and from the side at

150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’04

figure 9. Figure 7, by the bye, was drawn from a cast skin,
and the tube, from pressure, is made to appear broader in pro-
portion than is natural. The anal siphon is three and one-half
times as long as the width at base, and does not taper much
toward the apex. The two rows of spines contain each from
14 to 20 small, slender, pointed processes, the inner edge of
which is shortly toothed, as shown at figure 8.

The anal gills are only a little longer than the ninth seg-
ment, and are not prominent nor supplied with obvious tra-
cheze. Evidently this is a species that depends entirely upon
getting its air supply through the surface film of the water
in which it lives.

Anopheles crucians Wied.

This is a little the smallest of the three species that occur
in New Jersey and, in a way, is intermediate between them.
The wings are more spotted than in maculipennis, less so than

in punctipennis ; the last vein is white, marked with three

black spots. The palpi are white marked at the base of
the joints.

A specimen was bred by Dr. H. P. Johnson in 1902, from a
mixed lot of pupze, probably received from Delair, N. J. Two
specimens were taken in the same year, at Lahaway, by Mr.
J. Turner Brakeley. Several specimens came in material
received from Mr. W. P. Seal, at Delair.

In 1903 a very fresh-looking specimen was taken by Mr.
Grossbeck, July 30th, at Port Reading, and this is the north-
ernmost point in New Jersey where the species has occurred.

Among the mosquitoes that came to the porches at Cape.

May, soon after sunrise in midsummer, I detected this species,
and instructed Mr. Henry L. Viereck to locate the breeding-
places and work out the life-history. He finally located the
breeding-areas in the Cape Marsh, and examples of the larvee
were sent in, August 3d, September 5th and September 28th.
The records show their occurrence almost continuously between
these dates, and the adults also were recorded almost daily.
The females began their attack before sundown, and were
again active for some little time after sunrise. During the
latter part of the season the period of activity lengthened,

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 151

beginning while the sun was yet well above the horizon and
continuing until the middle of the morning. Should this spe-
cies prove to be a malaria-carrier, there would be no chance of
avoiding it without confinement in a mosquito-proof shelter
from 3 P.M. of one day to 11 A.M. of the next. Indeed, on
cloudy days specimens are on.the wing almost all day.

In general appearance the larva does not differ from those
of maculipennis and punctipennis, but range only from 5% to
6 mm. in length. The color in general is a dirty grayish
brown, the chitinized parts a clear light brown ; but this differs
and, in life, the specimens vary as much as in the case of the
other species. “The head (Plate xii, fig. 2) is broadest just
behind the eyes, narrowing to a rounded front, the line inter-
rupted by an offset bearing the antenna. This offset is really
a distinct sclerite, immovably attached to the head, upon which
the antenna is articulated. The maculation of the head is
variable ; but, as a rule, the larger blotches are central, with
smaller spots arranged about it. There is a transverse row of
six branched hairs before the middle. The antenna (fig. 3)
is set with little spines, and is shorter, stouter and much
darker than in the allied species. At the tip are two long
spines or blades, partly serrated, on the inner edge two short
articulated processes, and six long hairs. A four-branched
hair arises from the shaft about one-third from base. The
mouth-brushes are very dense, the hairs simple. The mentum
(fig. 6) is elongate, obtusely triangular, with only a few blunt
teeth, similar to that in the allied species. The mandible (fig.
5) differs from that of maculipennis and punctipennis by having
four instead of three curved spines on the dorsal surface. The
maxillary palpus (fig. 4) has four spines and two spatulate
processes at its tip, and at a distance of about one-third from
tip a thick spine which divides into a number of branched
hairs.

Thorax subquadrate, the angles rounded, with six lateral
tufts of branched hairs, and similar smaller tufts on the
dorsum.

The first three segments of the abdomen have long, branched
hair laterally, the next four have small tufts of simple hair,

152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 04

the eighth segment is provided with lateral combs of from 6 to
8 long teeth and from 1 to 4 short teeth, like figure 9, between
them. On all these segments there is a small chitinized plate
near the anterior margin and around spot behind,—all most
obvious on the hinder segments. Joints 3 to 7 have also a pal-
mate hair on each side near the posterior margin. Figures 7
and 8 show a lateral and dorsal view, respectively, of the res-
piratory structures. The ninth segment bears a chitinized
saddle ; on the dorsal surface are two plumose hairs and a tuft
of long, sparsely branched hairs. On the ventral surface is a
fan-like tuft of branched hair. The tracheal gills are less than
half as long as those in A. maculipennis or A. punctipennis.

Altogether, this larva is separable from those of its allies by
satisfactory, readily recognizable characters.

es
>

The Coleoptera of the Sacramento Mountains of
New Mexico.—Il.
By W. Knaus, McPherson, Kansas.

I include under the above head several species of Cicindelide
and a few other species taken at Santa Rosa and Alamogordo,
New Mexico.

My second trip to the Sacramento Mountains was made the
first week in August, 1903. and a week was spent at Cloud-
croft and immediate vicinity. Collecting covered the dates
August 3rd to roth. Many species taken in June, 1902, were
also found here in August, but a majority of the species had
disappeared and had been succeeded by others at the latter
date. Insect life in general, however, was not so prolific as
in the earlier months of the year previous.

The elevation of Cloudcroft, gooo feet, made the nights
cool, and on only one evening, August 9th, was the tempera-
ture high enough to tempt any considerable numbers of Cole-
optera to come to the electric lights.

The total number of species in this list, about 130, includes
none that were given in my first list, published in the News
for June, 1903. Of those listed in this paper, Mr. T. D. A.
Cockerell informs me that eight genera and twenty-five species

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 153

are new to the New Mexican fauna. The collecting the past
two seasons in these mountains has added more than seventy-
five species and cee genera to the New Mexican list of
Coleoptera.

Thanks are due to Mr. H.C. Fall, of Pasadena, California,
for identifications, and to Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, of Colorado
Springs, Col., for notes.

Collections July 31st were at Santa Rosa, and August roth
at Alamogordo.

N.=new to New Mexico. G.N.=genus new to New
Mexico. R.—recorded (in N. M.) only from.

I, 12 Tetracha carolina Linn. At electric light, Alamogordo.

2, 25¢ Cicindela cimarrona Lec. In canyon near summit, over 8500
ft. high, Cloudcroft ; only one specimen taken but others seen.

3, 28 Cicindela fulgida Say. On alkali flats near Santa Rosa ; com-
mon. R. Albuquerque.

4, 40 Cicindela punctulata Fab. Santa Rosa, on alkali flats.

5, 40a ES micans Fab. Common at Santa Rosa, on alkali flats.
Brilliant blue and green colored specimens.

6, 51 Cicindela sperata Lec. Found on wet mud along margin of
Pecos River, Santa Rosa.

7, 57 Cicindela lemniscata Lec. Taken in numbers at electric light

. at Alamogordo.

8, 58 Cicindela circumpicta Laf. Common on alkali flats a at Santa Rosa.
9, 59var. *S apicalis W. Horn. On alkali flats near Santa Rosa. N.
Io, 646 Y 16 punctata Klug. One specimen at the edge of Pecos

River Santa Rosa.

11, 86 Cychrus elevatus Fab. One specimen, much more slender than
typical form, was taken in canyon near Crystal Springs
canyon, near Cloudcroft, at an elevation of 8500 feet, August
gth. One of the most southern records of this species.
R. Beulah, Gallinas Canyon and Santa Fé Canyon, all in
northern New Mexico.

12, 1196 & c Carabus agassizi oregonensis Lec. Rather common in the
canyons near Cloudcroft, under logs, chips, etc. Listed asa
variety of ¢edatus in New Mexican lists.

13, 133 Calosoma peregrinator Guer. One specimen under electric
light at Alamogordo.

14, 134 Calosoma lugubre Lec. One ast at Cloudcroft. R. Ros-
well.

15, 388 Bembidium intermedium Kirby. Santa Rosa; common.

16, 678 Amara remotestriata Dej. Several specimens at Cloudcroft.
R. Santa Fé Canyon (Snow), top of Las Vegas Range

154

39)

4l,

43,
44,
45,

756
940

1054
1168

1158
1495
1586
1626
9318

1700
1706

2098
2100
2148

2167?

4683

2782
2841
2900

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’04

(Cockerell), Las Vegas (Martin Cockerell), Las Vegas Hot .

Springs (Cockerell), Havery’s Ranch (Miss Ruth Reynolds),
all in northern New Mexico.

Small Carabid near Bembidium, one specimen at electric light
at Alamogordo.

Platynus dissectus Lec. Number of specimens taken, but
always singly ; specimens not quite typical ; Cloudcroft.

Cymindis cribricollis Dej. Two specimens, Cloudcroft.
New to southern New Mexico.

Nothopus zabrodes Lec. One or two specimens, Cloudcroft.

Discoderus impotens Lec. Two specimens, electric light.
Alamogordo.

Bradycellus rupestvis Say. One specimen at electric light,
Alamogordo. New to southern New Mexico. Var. congener
occurs in Mesilla Valley.

Thermonectes ornaticollis Aube. One specimen, Santa Rosa. N.

Tropisternus triangularis Say. Electric light. Alamogordo.

Phithydrus nebulosus Say. One specimen, Santa Rosa.

Cymbiodyta morata Horn. Two specimens, James Canyon,
near Cloudcroft. R. near the Moqui villages.

Necrophorus guttula Mots. Twospecimens, Cloudcroft.

Silpha lapponica Hbst. One specimen, Cloudcroft.

Agathidium sp. Onespecimen, Cloudcroft. ;

Aleochara. Four species under decaying bark and at sap.

Quedius explanatus Lec. Several specimens under stones
and logs. R. Santa Fé Canyon.

Quedius fulgidus Fab. One specimen, Cloudcroft. R. Albu-
querque.

Tympanophorus puncticollis Er. One specimen, Cloudcroft.
N. genus and species.

Philonthus hepaticus Er. One specimen, Cloudcroft. R. Las
Vegas.

Staphylinid specimen near Lithocarus, under bark, near
Cloudcroft.

Tachyphorus, sp. dubious. One specimen, Cloudcroft.

Medon, species probably not described. One specimen,
Cloudcroft. :

Pseudopsis sulcata Newm, One specimen, Cloudcroft. N. (ge-
nus and species).

Apocellus sphericollis Say. One specimen, Santa Rosa.

Homalium pucillum Grav. Three specimens, Cloudcroft. N.

Siagonum punctatum Lec. One specimen, under bark, Cloud-
croft. N. (genus and species).

May, 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 155

29962

3000
3037
3056
3069

3078a
3101

9914

3525
3586

3673
3719
3769
3810

Beocera n. sp. near speculifer Casey. Cloudcroft. G.N.
Olibrus, sp. dubious. One specimen, Wootens near Cloudcroft.
‘‘ nigricollis Lec. Common at Wootens near Cloud-

croft. N.

Olibrus semistriatus Lec. Same as 2996a. R. Beulah.

Megilla vittigera Mann. Santa Rosa and Cloudcroft.

Coccinella trifasciata Linn. Four specimens at Wootens.

Harmonia picta Rand. One specimen, Wootens.

Anatis lecontei Casey. One specimen near Cloudcroft.

Psyllobora tedata Lec. Two specimens at Wootens.

Hyperaspis fimbriolata Melsh. Two specimens near Cloudcroft.’

Scymnus sp. One specimen, Wootens.

Lasconotus concavus Cas. One specimen, Cloudcroft. N. (genus
and species).

Narthecius sp. One specimen, Cloudcroft. G.N.

Hister punctiger Lec Two specimens, Cloudcroft. R. Beulah.

Saprinus oregonensis Lec. Several specimens, Santa Rosa.

2: New sp. near fecforalis group. Santa Ro.
Carpophilus pallipennis Say. One specimen, Cloudcroft.
Nitidula bipinctata Linn. Two specimens near Cloudcroft. N.
Rhizophagus procerus Cas. One specimen, Cloudcroft. N.
Melanophthalmus americana Mann. Two specimens, Cloudcroft.

_Europsn. sp. One specimen, Cloudcroft. G. N.

4065
4253

4322

Epiphanis cornutus Esch. One specimen, Cloudcroft. N. G. &S.
Drasterius elegans Fab. Two specimens at light, Alamogordo.
Elater sp. One specimen, Cloudcroft.

Melanotus fissilis Say. Two specimens, Cloudcroft.

4400 var. Athous cribratus Lec, Two specimens, Cloudcroft.

5878

5887

Buprestis rusticorum Kirby. One specimen, Cloudcroft.
Ellychnia californica Mots Two specimens, Cloudcroft.
Collops bipunctatus Say. Several specimens, Cloudcroft.
Listrus senilis Lec. Wootens ; common.

? Trox sonore \.ec. One specimen, Cloudcroft.

Diplotaxis brevicollis Lec. One specimen, Cloudcroft.

Listrochelus disparalis Horn. Two specimens, male and
female, at light, Cloudcroft.

Cyclocephala immaculata Oliv. One specimen, electric light.
Alamagordo.

Cyclocephala dimidiata Burm. One specimen at light Alamo-
gordo.

Ligyrus gibbosis De G. Several specimens at electric light,
Alamogordo.

Orizabus snowi Horn. Several specimens, very small, under
stones and logs, Cloudcroft.

Dynastes grantti Horn. One specimen taken at Cloudcroft in
July. Unusually high elevation. (Silver City highest pre-
vious record known to Cockerell.)

156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’04

84,

99,

5893 Allorhina mutabilis Gory. One specimen at Wootens. Higher
up than usual.
5911 Euphoria inda Linn. Several specimens at Santa Rosa.
5950 LErgates spiculatus Lec. One specimen at electric light, Cloud-
croft. New to southern New Mexico.
5965 Homesthesis integer Lec. One specimen, Cloudcroft. N.
Tragosoma sodalis Casey. One specimen, Cloudcroft. N.
oy parvicollis Cas. Two specimens, Cloudcroft. N.
5976 Criocephalus asperatus Lec. One specimen, Cloudcroft. Not
before recorded south of Albuquerque.
6513 var. Tetraopes femoratus Lec. One specimen at Wootens.
6628 Cryptocephalus venustus Fab. Two specimens, Santa Rosa. N.
6707. Diachus auratus Fab. Two specimens, Cloudcroft.
6879 Diabrotica tricincta Say. Several specimens, Santa Rosa.
6880a rs tenella Lec. One specimen, Alamogordo.
6893a Trirhabda luteocincta Lec. Several specimens, Wootens.
6898 Galeruca externa Say. Common at Cloudcroft.
6909 vi notulata Fab. Several specimens, Cloudcroft. Very
high altitude.
6957 Disonycha triangularis Say. Two or three specimens, Cloud-
croft. New to southern New Mexico.
6971 Haltica foliacea Lec. Several specimens, Cloudcroft.
10421? ‘* wicaria Horn. One specimen, Cloudcroft. N.
6987 Epitrix cucumeris Harr. Common at Wootens; feeding
on corn, beans and potatoes.
7027 Phyllotreta albionica Lec. Common at Cloudcroft.
7059 Psylliodes convexior Lec. One specimen at Cloudcroft. N.
7254 Asida opaca Say. Three specimens at Cloudcroft.
7319 var. Eleodes pedinoides Lec., var. neomexicanus Blaisd. Com-
mon at Cloudcroft. N.
7323 var. Eleodes obsoletum Say., var. knausii Blaisd. Common at
Cloudcroft. N.
7339 leodes nigrina Lec. A large, robust race, not very com-
mon at Cloudcroft and Wootens. New to southern N. Mex.
7464 Tribolium madens Charp. A few specimens at Cloudcroft. N.
7532 Hypophieus parallelus Melsh. Two specimens at Cloudcroft.
Hymenorus sp. near occidentalis Casey: Two specimens at
electric light Alamogordo. aah:
7740? Oxactis pallida Lec. Two specimens, electric light, Alamo-
gordo.
7762 Pentaria fuscula Lec. A few specimens at Cloudcroft. New
to southern New Mexico.
7820 Mordellistena inornata Smith. One specimen, Wootens. N.
7033 a nigricans Melsh. Several specimens at Cloud-
croft.

——”

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157

116, 7846 Mordellistena unicolor Lec. A few specimens at Cloudcroft
and Wootens.

hes, Notosus montanus Casey. One specimen, Wootens. N.
118, Anthicus sp. One specimen at Wootens.
II9, 7959 " cervinus Laf. Several specimens at Wootens.
120, 8056 Macrobasis lauta Horn. One specimen at light, Alamo-
gordo. N.
121, 8138 Cantharis puberula Lec. One specimen, Wootens. N.
122, Otiorhynchid@ sp. One specimen, Cloudcroft.
123, 8546 Desmoris constrictus Say. Several specimens, Wootens.
124, Smicronyx sp. One specimen, Cloudcroft.
125, Epimechus n. sp. One specimen, Wootens.

126, 9928? Cossonus crenatus Horn. Two specimens under bark,
Cloudcroft. N.
127, 9074 Pityophorus nitudulus Mann. Several specimens, Cloudcroft.
New to southern New Mexico.
128, 9200 Aylurgops rugipennis Mann. Common at Cloudcroft.
Five or six other undetermined species of Scolytids

ome

A Supplementary List of the Diptera of New Jersey.
By CHARLES W. JOHNSON, Boston, Mass.

Since the publication of Prof. J. B. Smith’s list of the insects
of New Jersey, in 1900, I have been able to add 166 species,
making the total number of Diptera recorded from the State
1359. Prof. Smith, in his investigations of the Culicide, has
added 23 to the list, and worked out the early stages of 31 of
the species. The dates of capture are recorded the same as in
the main list, viz..—the month in roman and the day in
arabic numerals. In preparing this list, I am indebted to
Prof. Smith for the list of Culicidee, and to Messrs. E. Daecke,
H. L. Viereck, Charles T. Greene and George M. Greene, for
important data.

MYCETOPHILIDA.
Platyura subterminalis Say. Lucaston, ix, 2 (Daecke) ; Riverton, viii, 11.
fasciata Latr.? Lucaston, ix, 2 (Daecke).

clausa Coq., page 263, should read Ceroplatus clausus Coq.
Mycetophilus vitrea Coq. Dunnfield, Delaware Water Gap, viii, 12.

CULICIDA.
Culex sollicitans Walk. The common mosquito of the coast.
teniorhynchus Wied. Anglesea, vi, 21 ; ix, 6 (Smith),

158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’o4

Culex confinis Arrib. Delair, vii, 10; New Brunswick, viii, 3 (Smith).
perturbans Walk. S. Orange, vi, 20; Lahaway, viii, 26 ; Chester,
viii, I-9.
canadensis Theob. Elizabeth, iv, 29; Lahaway, iv, 25; viii, 1-
ix, 14; South Orange, vi, 22.
melanurus. Lahaway (Brakeley).
sylvestris Theob. Anglesea, vi, 24; New Brunswick, vii, viii;
Chester, viii; Delair, viii, to-x, 20; Elizabethport, x.
reptans Meig. Chester, x, 10-16.
cantans Meig. Anglesea, Lahaway, New Brunswick, Newark,
South Orange, iv, 18-viii.
trivittatus Coq. Chester, ix, Io.
salinarius Cox. (C. nigritulus Coq., not Zett.). Newark and
Elizabethport, viii, 30-x, 27.
restuans Theob. Anglesea, Lahaway, Delair, Newark, Chester,
New Brunswick, vi, 14-xi, 20.
territans Walk. Delair, New Brunswick, Newark, Lahaway, Mor-
ristown, Mt. Olive, vi, 1-ix, 21.
cantator Coq. Summit, bred, v, 6 (Holmes) ; salt-marshes (Prof.
Smith).
aurifer Coq. Lahaway (Prof: Smith).
dupreei Coq. New Brunswick (Van Deursen), Great Piece Mea-
dows, Essex Co. (Grossbeck).
discolor Coq. Delair (Prof. Smith).
serratus Theob. New Brunswick, vii, 30, x, 5 (Van Duersen);
Great Piece Meadow, ix, 17 (Grossbeck ); Cape May Point
( Viereck)
Anopheles crucians Wied. Lahaway, x, 8; Cape May, ix, 22 ( Viereck);
Manumuskin, x, 21 (Daecke).
Aedes fuscus O. S. Delair, iv, 21 ; Lahaway, v, 1.
smithit Coq. Lahaway, vi, 6-ix, 9. Bred from the pitcher plant.
Stegomyia signifera Coq. Riverton, ix, 8; Delair, ix, 20.
Conchyliastes musicus Say. New Brunswick, viii, 29 ; S. Orange, viii, 26.
Uranotenia sapphirina 0. S. Lahaway, vii,, 20-26 ( Harrison).
Corethrella brakeleyi Coq. Lahaway, viii, 3-15.

CHIRONOMIDA:

Orthocladius politus Coq. Riverton, viii, 17.

platypus Coq. Dunnfield, Delaware Water Gap, vi, 8,
Tanypus bifasciatus Coq. Riverton, iv, 30.

pallens Cog. Riverton.

occidentalis Coq. Riverton, ix, 14.

turpis Zett. Boonton, iii, 8, 12 (Greene).
Chasmatonotus bimaculatus O. S. Westville, v, 15 (Viereck).
Ceratopogon cinctus Coq. Riverton, x, 9.

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 189

Ceratopogon exilis Coq. Riverton, x, 9.
expolitus Coq. Riverton, vi, 3,
Johnsoni, Coq. Riverton, vi, 3.
Specularis Coq. Riverton, x, 9.
medius Coq. (MS.). Riverton, viii, 7.
mundus Coq., not Loew, = C. smithii Coq.
albiventris Loew, page 628, should read Chironomus albiventris Lw.

PSYCHODIDZ.

Psychoda alternata Say. Cape May, viii, 20 (Viereck). Bred from water.
marginalis Banks. Riverton, v, 14.
minuta Banks. Riverton, ix, 14. Common on trunk of the
buttonwood.

TIPULIDZ.

Geranomyia canadensis Westw. Cape May, ix, 21 (Viereck).
Limnophila contempta O. S. Westville, vii, 21.
Trichocera bimacula Walk. Riverton, xi, 3.
brumailis Fitch. Riverton, xi, 3.
Amalopis vernalis O.S. Lucaston, iv, 14; ix, 28 (Daecke).
Tipula flavicans Fabr. Manumuskin, x, 21 (Daecke).
latipennis Loew. Ocean County.

BIBIONID.

Bibio longipes Loew. Common at Riverton, x, 20.
Dilophus thoracicus Say. Blackwoods, vi, 8 ( Bradley).

LEPTIDZ.
Symphoromyia cinerea Johnson. Long Branch, vi, 9-12.

STRATIOMYIDZ.

Beris viridis Say. This is now placed in the genus Acéina.
Ptecticus testaceus Fabr. should read P. sackenii Will.
similis Will., and what were referred to P. sackenii on page 638,
should be united under P. ¢rivittatus Say.
Euparyphus tetraspilus Loew. Boonton, vi, 14 (Greene).
Ciitellaria subulata Loew. Riverton, vii, 8.

TABANID.
Chrysops ‘nigrobimbo Whitney. Jamesburg, vii, 4; Da Costa, vii, 4
(Skinner).
Srigidus O.S. Dover, vi, 23.
Tabanus ( Therioplectes) astutus O. S. Dunnfield, Delaware Water
Gap, vii.

160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’o4

Tabanus ( Therioplectes) hinet Johns. = T. politus Johnson, 1890, not
Walker, 1871.
gracilis Wied. Da Costa, vii, 20 (Daecke).
sodalis Will., page 642, should read 7. superjumentarius Whitney.

ASILIDAL.
Leptogaster flavillaceus Loew. Newark, vi, 14.
varipes Loew. Da Costa, vii, 4 (Daecke).
Daulopogon tetragrammus Loew. Clementon, v, 9; Albion, v, 16
(Daecke).
Atomosia sayii Johnson. Laurel Springs, vii, 12 (Daecke).
Dasyllis affinis Macq. Manumuskin, x, 21 (Daecke) ; Riverton, x, 20.

BOMBYLIID.
Anthrax lepidotaO. S. ona, vi, 16 (Daecke).
Bombylius mexicanus Wied. Iona, vi, 8 (Daecke) ; Riverton, vi, 16;
Clementon, v, 30.
Phthiria coquilletti Jobriaan Riverton, vii, 4-6, = P. n. sp., Jamesbaad
vii, 4, page 949.

EMPIDIDZ.
Hybos seversus Walk. Jamesburg, vii, 4; Delaware Water Gap, vii, 12.
slossone Coq. Buena Vista, vi, 11; Atco, vii, 12.
Syndyas polita Loew. Buena Vista, vi, Ir.
Empis humilis Coq. Great Notch, v, 4 (Daecke).
Rhamphomyia irregularis Loew. Riverton, iv, 20.
mutabilis Loew. Clementon, v, 10; Wenonah, vy, 14.
sordida Loew. Clementon, v, Io.
umbrosa Loew. Boonton, vi, 6 (Greene).
Pachymeria pudica Loew. Great Notch, v, 4 (Daecke).
Litanomyia elongata Melander. Avalon, vi, 9.
Tachydromia brachialis Melander. Boonton, ix, 9 (Greene).
Hlemerodromia captus Coq. Boonton, ix, 5-9 (Greene).
Gdalea ohiensis Melander, in place of O. stigmatella Zett. ? page 654.

DOLICHOPODID.

Dolichopus ramifer Loew. Avalon, vii, 22.

henshawi Wheeler. Cape May, vi, 13 (Viereck).
Gymnopternus humilis Loew. Boonton, vi, 2 (Greene).
Tachytrechus protervus Melander = T. n. sp., page 655.

binodatus Loew. Durham Pond, Morris Co., viii, 18 (Geo. M.

Greene).

Argyra aldrichi Johnson. Long Branch, vi, 11.
Lastargyra albicans Loew. Riverton, vi, 15 (Daecke).
Hercostomus vetitus Melander, —= H. n. sp., on page 655.
Nematoprotus venustus Melander, Westville, vi, 6,=—ZV. n. sp , on page 656.
HHydrophorus viridiflos Walk. Atlantic City, v, 6.

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 161

SYRPHIDZ.

Callicera johnsoni Hunter. Manumuskin, iv, 28, 1902 (Daecke).

Psilota buccata Macq, Manumuskin iv, 28 (Daecke).

Melanostoma kelloggi Snow, —= Pyrophena sp., Delaware Water Gap,

vii, 15, on page 659.

Pelecocera pergandei Will. Lucaston, ix, 28 (Daecke).

Baccha lugens Loew. Manumuskin, x, 8 (Daecke). The Atcospecimen
referred to this species is an immature Ocyptamus fascipennts.

Myiolepita varipes Loew. Clementon, vi, 2 (C. T. Greene).

Temnostoma bombylans Fabr. Riverton, iv, 4; Clementon, vi, 2 (C. T.
Greene) ; Long Branch, vi, 9.

CONOPID.

Zodion obliquefasciata Macq. Riverton, vii, 29, viii, 11.

PIPUNCULID.

Pipunculus nitidiventris Loew. Riverton, ix, 14.
subopacus Loew. Riverton, vi, 1, vii, 19.
houghi Johnson, should be expunged from the list; see ENT.
News, April ’03, p. 107.
_ pallipes Johnson. Wildwood, viii, 27.

CGESTRIDA.
Cuterebra horripilum Clark. Riverton, vii, 6.

TACHINIDZ.

Phorantha nigrensv.d.w. Riverton, x, 12, 20.
Alophora pulverea Coq. Riverton, x, 20.

diversa Coq. Riverton, x, 12.
Admontia polita Coq. Lucaston, vi, 27 (Daecke).
Clausicella johnsoni Coq. Riverton, ix, 14.
Hyalomyodes triangulifera Loew. Riverton, ix, 14.
Xanthomelana atripennis Say. Hammonton, vii, 6, 1903 (Daecke).
Distichona auriceps Coq. MS. Belleplain, ix, 8 (Daecke).
Siphosturmia rostrata Coq. Ilona, v, 26 (Daecke).
Panzeria penitalis Coq. Riverton, x, 9.
Exorista spinipennis Coq. Anglesea, ix, 1.

dorsalis Coq. Riverton, viii, 25.
Euphorocera cinerea v. d. w. Clementon, iv, 21 (Daecke).
Phorocera leucanie Coq. Lucaston, iv, 14 (Daecke).
Frontina rubentis Coq. Clementon, viii, 6.
Metopia leucocephala Rossi. Riverton, viii, 13.

DEXIID.

Thelairodes cinereicollis v. d. w. Riverton, v, 30,

162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’04

ANTHOMYIDE.

Eustalomyia vittipes Wahlberg. Riverton, iv, 30.

Homalomyia manicata Meig.? Lucaston, ix, 2 (Daecke).

Mydea pruinosa Macq. Manumuskin, x, 8 (Daecke) : Woodbury, vi, 7.

Limnophora arcuata Stein. Riverton, ix, 29 ; Manumuskin, x, 8 (Daecke).

Phaonia pallidula Coq. MS. Delaware Water Gap, vii, 12.

Anthomyia latitarsis Zett. Delaware Water Gap, vii, 15; Manumuskin,
x, 20 (Daecke).

Pegomyia cepetorum Mead. Atlantic Highlands (Dr. Love).

Lispa hispida Walk. Iona, vi, 8; Lucaston, ix, 28 (Daecke).

Chirosia capito Coq. Manumuskin, x, 21 (Daecke).

Lispocephala lacteipennis Zett. Dunnfield, Delaware Water Gap, vii, 15.

Eremomyia cylindrica Stein. Riverton, x, 12.

Caenosia substituta Walk. Iona, vi, 8 (Daecke).

SCATOMYZIDA (SCATOPHAGIDA).
Orthocheta gilvipes Loew. Manumuskin, iv, 20 (Daecke).
Hydromyza confluens Loew. Boonton, viii (Greene).
Cordylura confusa Loew? Seaside Park, v, 16 ( Viereck).

HELOMYZID.
Anorostoma marginata Loew. Lucaston, v, 30 (Daecke).
SCIOMYZID.
Sciomyza pubera Loew. Riverton, ix, 29.
ORTALIDAS.

Rivellia brevifasciata Johns. Atco, vi, 18.

Tephronota humilis Loew, = T. narytia Walk. ;

Stictocephala vau (Say), = Pseudotephritis vau (Say).

Callopistria annulipes Macq. Merchantville, viii, 1 (Daecke) ; Boonton,
viil, 12 (Greene). ;

Chrysomyza demandata Fabr. Riverton, ix, 9 ; x, 20.

Chetopsis apicalisJohns. Avalon,vi, 9 ; Sea Isle, vii, 22 ; Anglesea, vii, 16.

TRYPETIDA.
Tephritis clathrata Loew. Riverton, vii, 19.
Jucata Fabr. Wildwood, viii, 12; Cape May, viii, 1 (Viereck).

SAPROMYZID.
Sapromyza magna Coq. Avalon, vi, 8 (Viereck).

HETERONEURID.

Fleteroneura spectabilis Loew. Palisades (Daecke).

SEPSIDAE.
Ophthalmomyia bisignata Coq. Riverton, vii, 4.

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 163

EPHYDRID.

Notiphila bella Loew. Westville, vi, 15.

Psilopa fulvipennis Hine. Cape May, vii, 1 (Viereck).

Discocerina magna Coq. Riverton, viii, 17.

Brachydeutera argentata Walk. Riverton, viii, 3; Cape May, viii, 20
(Viereck).

Ephydra subopaca Loew. Arlantic City, v, 6; Seaside Park, v, 16
(Viereck).

Canace snodgrassii Coq. Atlantic City, v, 6.

Hydrellia valida Loew. Cape May, vi, 4 (Viereck).

Parydra quadrituberculata Loew. Cape May, vi, 4 (Viereck).

imitans Loew. Near Anglesea Junction, vi, 25 (Viereck).
Cenia fumosa Sten. Cape May, ix, 17, at light (Viereck).

DIOPSID.
Sphyracephala brevicornis Say. Riverton, iv, 14-20

DROSOPHILID#.
Drosophila maculosa Coq. Riverton, ix, 23.
inversa Walk. Avalon, vi, 8.
ordinaria Coq. MS. Riverton, viii, 4.
multipuncta Loew. Cape May, ix, 23 (Viereck).

OSINID 2.
Elachiptera formosa Loew. Riverton, ix, 8.
longula Loew. Clementon, vi, 3.
Siphonella inguilina Coq. Manumuskin, x, 8 (Daecke).

AGROMYZID2.
Lobioptera lacteipennis Loew. Avalon, vi, 9.
arcua‘a Loew. Riverton, viii, 25; Anglesea, ix, 21; I.ucaston,
viii, to (Daecke).
Rhicnoessa albula Loew. Wildwood, viii, 27.

BORBORIDA.
Borborus geniculatus Meig. Merchantville, xi, 16 (Daecke) ; Boonton,
i iii, 3 (Greene).

PHORID.
Hypocera johnsoni Brues. Riverton, viii; 31.
Aphiocheta epeire Brues. Dunnfield, Delaware Water Gap.
flava Fallen. ‘‘N. J.”
atlantica Brues. Atco.
minuta Aldr. Boonton, i, 15 (G. M. Green).
All the species referred to the genus Phora (Catl., page 698)
should now be placed in this genus.
Conicera atra Meig. Dunnfield, Delaware Water Gap, vii, 8; New-
ark, vi, 14.

164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’o4

A New Roach of the Genus Chorisoneura from
South Carolina.
By JAmMEs A. G. REHN.
Chorisoneura plocea* n. sp.

Type: 9; Coast of South Carolina. [Collection of Mr.
Morgan Hebard, of Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. ]

Apparently closely allied to C. texensts Saussure and Zehnt-
ner, but differing in the greater number of costal veins of the
wings and the rami of the median vein of the tegmina. No
close relationship appears to exist with Central American or
Mexican types, /exenszs being no doubt the closest ally.

Size small ; form elliptical, depressed, surface glabrous. Head exserted,
the whole anterior portion projecting beyond the pronotum, rounded ;
eyes elongate reniform ; interocular space great, equal to the length of
the eye; antennz setiferous. Pronotum transverse, elliptical, the an-
terior portion much more arcuate than the posterior ; lateral portions
regularly rounded ; entire border sub-cingulate. Tegmina sublanceolate,
the margins parallel for a considerable distance, apex rather acute-
angulate ; basal field rather narrow, elongate, not reaching to the middle
of the tegmen ; costal veins numerous and regularly disposed ; rami of
the median vein about twelve in number; anal field elongate pyriform,
with four distinct veins. Wings elongate ; costal margin concave basally,
convex toward the apex ; appendicular field with the base obtuse-angulate,
apex broadly rounded ; costal veins about twelve in number, elongate-
clavate ; medio-discoidal area broad, with ten cross-veins, broader than
the medio-ulnar area ; ulnar vein without true rami; anal vein biramose.
Supra-anal plate transverse, obtuse-angulate, the angle with a narrow
triangular incision ; cerci elongate-fusiform, depressed, equal to the sub-
genital plate in length ; subgenital plate broad, transverse, apical margin
truncate. Femora without distinct spines on the inferior margins, genicu-
lar spines present.

General color pale ochre yellow; wings pellucid, with the veins yel-
lowish ; disk of the pronotum orange-ochraceous ; eyes blackish-brown ;
abdomen raw sienna, the segments ventrally margined with buff.

MEASUREMENTS.
Length of head and body, . ; . 8mm,
Length of pronotum, . wes i a ee
Greatest width of pronotum, ; ‘ Be Fea
Length of tegmina, ; ‘ fs 5 i
Greatest width of ecieke : : . Bot
Length of wings, . ; : : Nl
Greatest width of wing, : Oe Nae
Greatest length of appendicular field, ; ae Ss
Greatest width of appendicular field, 2:9)..°*

“* From 7Aox.a, in allusion to the folding of the wing.

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 165

Micro-Lepidoptera—Suggestions.

By W. D. KEARFOTT.
(Continued from p. 136, Vol. xv, No. 4.)

Part Ill.—Breeding.

I am quite sure the only reason that every American collector
does not increase his collection by breeding from the larve is
the immense bugaboo he has raised up in his mind of the diffi-
culties, extra work and elaborate cages and apparatus required.

In England and throughout Europe the acquisition of speci-
mens by this method is, if anything, more common than catch-
ing the perfect insects witha net. The great majority of species
offered through the ‘‘ Exchange columns’’ of European maga-
zines state that the specimens are ‘‘ bred.’’

The apparatus actually required for the work is absurdly
simple,—a few tight tin or zinc boxes and wide-mouth vials
for the field and a few common jelly-glasses with tight tin cov-
ers or small wide-mouth screw-top jars for the house, are all
the apparatus required for a beginning.

It is a mistaken notion of the average collector that larvz
must. be raised in cages, with gauze wire on one or more sides
to give an abundant supply of air. The amount of air actually
required is so infinitesimal that no provision at all need be
made for it. A very great advantage of the tightly closed vial
or jar is that the leaves or food of the larvze will retain their
freshness and palatability for a week or ten days; whereas,
with the wire cage, the leaves are often wilted and stale a few
hours after they are placed in it.

-The great secret of success is cleanliness, which will be elab-
orated on later.

For Micro-Lepidoptera larve I prefer for actual collecting
in the field the screw-top glass vials shown at Fig. 17. Their
advantages are that they are light in weight and occupy but
little room ; several dozen can be carried in the khaki cartridge-
bag; they are transparent, and it is easy to select an empty
vial or pick out one that contains some particular kind of larva
to which we wish to add more specimens, and finally if no
further study of the larvee is required, they can be placed in ~

166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. May, ’04]

racks at home without further attention and used as breeding
bottles. I usually carry along a few tin boxes, quarter-pound
tobacco or cocoa tins are of a convenient size, to provide for
such larvee as may be found in large numbers, or that feed in
such a way that larger receptacles are necessary.

These vials come in several lengths. I use two sizes, one
three and a half inches and the other five and a half inches
long, both about seven-eights of an inch diameter.

It is very convenient, and often avoids
the danger of mixing different species, to
carry a small pad of paper and pencil, and
slip in each bottle as it is put in use a nar-
row slip with name of food-plant written on
it or, if name is not known, some word or
‘two of identification.

The time for collecting larvee begins when
the buds are first swelling and bursting in
the very early spring, and can be continued
as long as the leaves remain in the fall,—
in fact, during the entire winter in the
stems of weeds and other plants, in nuts
and seeds and many other places,—which
latter subject—winter collecting—is another
story—for the fall.

But we now have to do with the first
spring crop of caterpillars, and will start
out together this warm May morning, and
see how soon we can get all of our vials and
boxes filled, and resolved not to be diverted
by a single flying specimen, no matter how

attractive it may look. By the quickest
route we arrive at the outskirts of the town
and avoiding the dense woods, enter a field overgrown with
weeds and occasional clumps of higher shrubbery. The first
thing to attract attention is the unusual appearance of the
young leaves of the wild cherry bushes; instead of being
smooth and perfect they are crumpled and twisted into a knot,
as if nipped by a late frost ; but by carefully pulling apart the

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 167

entangled leaflets, a small green larva with a black head will
be found in a central cavity, and if we are not very careful he
will wriggle away so quickly that he will escape to the ground
and be forever lost. We can soon fill a vial with these, break-
ing off the crumpled leaves only, and carefully avoiding open-
ing them or disturbing the tenants, as it is reasonably sure
that if the first one examined is occupied, all others on the
same kind of plant and of same general appearance will contain
each its larva. A few weeks later the moths that emerge will
likely prove to be Archips rosaceana Har.

Happening to glance downward, our attention is attracted
by the peculiar appearance of some of the leaves of the late
purple aster (Aster patens Ait.), which at this early season of
the vear is but a slender stalk twelve to fifteen inches tall,
with delicate leaves shaped like a spear or arrow-head ; several _
leaves on each plant have one edge, for the entire length of
the leaf, evenly turned up and fastened down, forming a little
tunnel open at each end, about an eighth of an inch in diam-
eter, looking almost like the retreat of a small spider.

In some of these tunnels will be found a very pretty larva
with head and thoracic segments a deep mahogany brown and
the abdominal segments pale green, with a number of narrow
dark red stripes on the back and sides running from the thorax
to the anal end. We will collect as many of these as possible,
as the moth that will come from them is a very beautiful Gele-
chid, 7richotaphe flavocostella Clem.

Close by is a small pitch-pine sapling. Some of the needles
look dead and brown for about half of their length. Let us
see what is the reason. A close look, and at the beginning of
the discolored part is a small hole, and if we break one off and
hold it up to the light, about the center of the brown space
will be seen a long dark object that careful dissection of the
needle will prove to be a very small larva, that exactly fits
the inside of the excavated needle; fifty or more can be com-
fortably stowed away in one of our vials and, without any atten-
tion whatever, will shortly produce a nice crop of Paralechia
pinifoltella Cham.

Next are some bushes of Viburnum, or locally known as

/

168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . [May, 04

Black-Haw or nanny-goat-berry. A pair of leaves are as
evenly fastened together at their edges with silk as if they
had been sewed with a needle. Within the comfortable little
envelope is a rather fat pale-green larva, ornamented with
many shiny dark-brown spots, in due time it will produce a
beautiful ash-gray moth, Axacampsis rhoifructella Clem.

On Bayberry bushes nearby, the tips of the twigs and young
leaves are gathered together in a small bunch, and if the larva —
is pale lusterless green with light-brown head, it will probably
develop into Archips persicana Fitch.

Here is another Vzburnum bush, but instead of two leaves
sewed together, one leaf has its outside edges brought together
and then doubled over, just like we would make two folds in
anapkin. The larva is bright green with a pale-yellow head.
In good season it will develop into a handsome Tortricid—
Exartema permundanum Clem. Another Tortricid of the
same genus, Hxartema zellerianum Fern., crumples and dis-
torts the young leaves of White Birch in the same manner as
the Wild Cherry species first mentioned.

Under an oak tree at the edge of the woods are a goodly
number of last season’s acorns that seem to have been neglected
by the squirrels ; we will cut a few open to investigate. In-
stead of finding them firm and full of meat, we are at first
disappointed to see that each contains nothing but dark-brown
powdery dust, but stir up this dust a little with blade of pen-
knife and a larva is discovered ; turn out the contents on the
palm of the hand and we shall likely find two, both dull gray,
one nearly half an inch long and rather stout, and the other
slender and only about a quarter of an inch long. The large
one is a beautifal Tortricid, MWe/lisopus latiferreanus W\sm.,
bright coppery-red with shining metallic-gold stripes across
the wings; the small one is a beautiful little Gelechid, Holco-
cera glandulella Riley.

Just outside of the woods are some dry stalks of last year’s
Evening Primrose. Mother Nature is never wasteful ; so we
will see what good purpose these useless-looking sticks are
performing in her system of economy. With a sharp knife
carefully split one in half, from the flower-head to the root,

~

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 169

and at intervals of a few inches apart, we are not now sur-
prised to find cleanly excavated cells, in each of which is a
slender pale-yellow larva. When ready to pupate he will spin
a soft white cocoon in his cell and emerge about the last of
June: but before spinning the cocoon his instinct tells him
that the delicate moth cannot penetrate the thick woody wall
of the stalk, so he carefully gnaws a small hole through and
then, to keep out evil-minded enemies, he covers the hole with
a thin curtain of silk. In his perfect state he is known as
Mompha eloisella Clem., and a very beautiful object he is,
shining pearly white, with red and gold markings.

Nearby is a small Hop-tree (Pte/ea sp.) with many of its
leaves drooping, and in a short time they will shrivel up and
drop off. With our now experienced eye, we very quickly
discover that a small slender caterpillar has made its home in
the stem of each leaf. We will fill up a tin box with a good
number of these, cutting the stems off close to the branch and
leaving a good supply of both live and wilted food. Within a
few weeks we will have a nice crop of Yponomeuta atomocella
Dyar, a very handsome little moth, with salmon hind wings
and the pure white fore wings thickly peppered with black
dots.

If this is not sufficient material for one morning’s work, we
can keep up the hunt, and will soon learn that every species
of plant-life supports one or many species of insect-life ; we
shall also quickly learn that each species of insect has its own
peculiar and individual way of twisting or crumpling the
leaves, sometimes at the tip of the twig and elsewhere. Some ©
curl the leaves into small cylinders ; some cut halfway through
the stem and hide in and feed on the rapidly withering leaf,
preferring this to green and tender young leaves. Others live
in the stems and sapwood, in nuts, flower-heads, seeds and
seed-pods, in mushrooms and fungoid growths, on the lichens
of trees and rocks ; many species are leaf-miners, and as most
of us have had an opportunity of finding to our sorrow, one
very disagreeable little Tineid will even eat the other speci-
mens in our cabinets.

(To be continued).

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]

To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy ’”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘ extras,” without change in form,
will be given free,. when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep.

PHILADELPHIA, Pa., MAy, 1904.

Proceedings of the First General Convention to Consider the
Questions Involved in Mosquito Extermination, Brooklyn,
1904. ‘This booklet has just been received and it shows the
rapid growth of knowledge in relation to this important subject.

In 1889 Dr. Robert H. Lamborn became greatly interested
in the subject of mosquito extermination, and stimulated an
interest in the subject by offering prizes for essays along these
lines. ‘The essays appeared in book form under the title
‘‘ Dragonfles vs. Mosquitoes. Can the Mosquito Pest be Miti-
gated?’’ During the fourteen years since the Lamborn essays
there has been an immense gain in knowledge which has ac-
crued mostly from the work of the medical officers in the
United States Army during the Spanish-American war. Great
good has also come from the efforts of Dr. John B. Smith in
New Jersey, who has demonstrated ways and means and care-
fully explored the possibilities and probabilities for the future,
and his survey of the State of New Jersey will be found very
valuable to workers in other places. The value of such studies
is almost incalculable. A single illustration will suffice. The
annual mortality from yellow fever in Havana has been nearly
2000 cases for forty years, or as far back as the record has been
kept. At the present time the disease is under control in
Havana and the mortality nil or trifling, Malaria and yellow
fever have lost their terrors, as we know how to control them,
and it is now only a question for municipal or State effort to
see that the appropriate measures are carried out or enforced.

170

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 171

Notes and News.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

THE session of the Alstead School of Natural History for this year will
open on Wednesday, July 6th. The school is at Alstead Centre, N. H.,
and the Secretary is Mr. W. S. W. Field, Milton, Mass.

Two RARE NEUROPTEROID INSECTS.—/anorpa rufa, described from
Georgia, by G. R. Gray in Griffith’s Edition of Curvier’s Animal Kingdom
(1833), has not been recorded since. Mr. Hine in his revision of the
Panorpidz of the United States, did not have it, and it has been the one
species lacking in my collection of this genus. Ina collection of neurop-
teroid insects from North Carolina sent me by Mr. F. Sherman, I find one
specimen of this species agreeing exactly with the description even to the
four hyaline dots in the apical band. The wings are not as yellow as in
P. americana and P. nuptialis, and I think that the species is more nearly
related to P. subfurcata. The specimen was taken in Wilmington on
Christmas day.

Mantispa viridis was described from Florida by Walker in his catalogue.
Its green color was so abnormal to the genus that some authors doubted
its position. Last year Mrs. Slosson sent me a specimen from Biscayne
Bay, Fla., and later Prof. C. F. Baker sent a specimen from Grenada,
Nicaragua. It has the green color of a Chrysopa, but does not differ in
other ways from ordinary Mantispa.—N. BANKS.

MEGACHILE SEXDENTATA Robertson.—Miss Anna Gohrman recently
sent me a female Megachile collected July 31, 1903, by Karl Schivack-
hein at Raton, N. M._ I was surprised to find that it was IZ. sexdentata
Rob., hitherto only known from Illinois. This is an ordinary looking
bee, but upon close examination it is seen to have very good specific
characters ; from its occurrence in Illinois and New Mexico, it may be
expected to occur in many States, and collectors should look out for it.
Miss Gohrman also sent a couple of species of Osmia which she collected
on July 4, 1903. at loco flowers at Johnson Park, N. M. They prove to be
O. nigrifrons Cress. and O. novomexicana Ckl., the latter only the second
specimen known. The list of New Mexico bees now numbers 511,* not
counting a dozen or more undecided species obtained by Mr. Viereck,
and a number of unrecorded and probably new Co//etes, Halictus and
Andrena, now being studied by Messrs. Swenk, Crawford and Viereck
respectively.—T. D. COCKERELL.

CURIOUS HABIT OF TWO ORTALID FLIES.—It has long been known to
all collectors that many Ortalid flies have the habit of moving their wings
back and forth, sometimes in unison, sometimes alternately, as though

* The whole of North America (including Central America and West
Indies) has about 1882 recorded species. Probably a hundred more have
been distinguished as new by Mr. Viereck and others.

172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’04

taking calisthenic exercises. I have observed two species, however,
which have a different habit. These are Cal/lopistria annulipes and Pseu-
dotephritis vau ; the latter has been observed but twice, the former many
times. These flies, when at rest, sometimes, turn their wings and raise
them directly over the back so that the costal edges touch and the under
surface is directed forward. The wings are held vertical, and together
make an oval figure In this position the fly struts around as if to show
off. I have seen no reference to this habit, save that Harris in his
‘Treatise’ says ‘‘Some of them are in the habit of suddenly raising —
their wings perpendicularly above their backs, and running along a few
steps with them spread like the tail of a peacock,” but he does not
mention the species. The dipterous genus Cad/opistria is preoccupied
several times.—N. BANKs.

Doings of Societies.

The February meeting of the Newark [N. J.] Entomological
Society was held on the 14th with President Keller in the chair
and nineteen members present. Prof. Smith gave a very in-
teresting lecture on classification and synonomy in general
and in Lepidoptera in particular. Mr. Edward Kraemer was
proposed for membership. Orro BucHo1z, Secretary.

The March meeting of the Newark Entomological Society
was held on the 13th with President Keller in the chair and
sixteen members present. ‘The members decided to purchase
the following publications: A collection of 76 papers on Cole-
optera published between 1860 and 1880, by Dr. G. H. Horn.
A collection of 109 pages on Coleoptera published between
1845 and 1880, by Dr. J. L. Le Conte, and Holland’s Moth
Book. Mr. Dickerson read a very interesting paper on the sen-
sitive organs of insects and showed microscopic plates for illus-
tration. Mr. Edward Kraemer was unanimously elected to
membership. The gentleman elected to honorary membership
in January was not a Mr. Bronson, as published, but Mr. Julius
Bunsow. Orro BucHowz, Secretary.

At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social held at the
residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 South 13th Street, Phila-
delphia, March 16th. ‘Ten members were present.

Mr. Harbeck spoke on the use of horse hair for pre
small insects, being used in place of paper slips, ete. The

May, ’o4] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 173

hair is attached to the pin by shellac into which one end is
inserted at a proper heigth.

Discussed by Messrs. Wenzel .and Skinner.

Mr. Daecke exhibited a cell in hickory wood of Cyllene picta
in which a full grown specimen had been found.

Mr. H. W. Wenzel spoke on the habits and differences of
Cyllene picta and robineg. He also showed his collection of
Buprestis, which lacks only one American species, the cov-
nexus of Horn.

Dr. Skinner reported the death of Dr. Hans Herman Behr
on March 7, 1904.

Mr. Reinick reported the occurrence of large numbers of
winged ants which appeared on March 15th in the building of
the Free Library of Philadelphia.

Messrs. Skinner, Wenzel and Harbeck spoke on Anthrenus
varius and other museum pests.

WiiiAM J. Fox, Secretary.

The March meeting of the Entomological Section of the
Chicago Academy of Sciences was held Thursday, March 17th,
at the John Crerar Library. Eight members present. ‘The
report of the Honorary Curator, Mr. A. B. Wolcott, on the
condition of the Academy collection was presented. It recited
the acquisition by purchase of 600 specimens, 300 species of
Diptera all new to the Academy collection. Mr. C. W. John-
son has examined and determined all the Diptera in the col-
lection and these are now in excellent shape. Mr. W. L.
Melander did likewise with the Mutillide and the type of
one of his recently described species is now a part of the
collection. The insects which formed the collection of the
Chicago Entomological Society, consisting principally of Lepi-
doptera, Coleoptera and Neuroptera have made quite an ad-
dition. Mr. Wolcott has further employed his leisure time
in removing from the exhibition cases such species as were
required for the study collection and in revising things
generally.

Mr. Tower exhibited a list of Rhopalocera taken in the
Chicago area which showed a total of 112 species and 7 varie-
ties. There was some discussion on the various systems of

174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’04

nomenclature in the Rhopalocera, and it was finally agreed
that Dr. Skinner’s names as given in the new Smith’s list
would be best to use.

Mr. Tower thereupon proceeded with his talk on color vari-
ations in insects as affected by climatic changes. He gave a
very interesting resumé of the results achieved by various
prominent entomologists in subjecting fresh pupze of butter-
flies to freezing temperature, etc., and went more into detail
on the experiments he is now conducting with the common
potato beetle as a subject. After a little informal talk the
meeting adjourned at 9.50 P.M. A. Kwiat, Recorder.

A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held March 24th, Mr.
H. W. Wenzel, Vice-Director, presiding. Thirteen persons
were present. Dr. Calvert exhibited a collection of nymphs
of Odonata from New Jersey which he had identified for Prof.
John B. Smith. The determinations were made from Prof.
Needham’s keys and descriptions which he had found very
satisfactory. Among these specimens were some which agreed
with the skin of the nymph from which Mr. H. L. Viereck had
reared Micrathyria berenice Drury, as mentioned in the NEws,
Vol. xiv, p. 276.

The nymph of this species, hitherto undescribed may be re-
cognized by the following characters. Abdomen somewhat
similar in outline, when viewed from above, to that of Zzdel-
lula basalis; without dorsal hooks, their place being taken by
a carinate tubercle on each of segments 3-9, this tubercle quite
hairy, especially on 6-9 ; only 8 and 9 with lateral hooks, those
on 8 being about one-fifth as long as the mid-dorsal length of
9, those on 9 subequal to the mid-dorsal length of 10, both
hooks incurved, those of 9 more strongly, Inferior appendages
subequal to the mid-dorsal length of 9, laterals half shorter,
superior one-fourth shorter. Eyes quite prominent, reaching
back to almost half the length of the head, which last is much
narrower behind them. Mental sete 1o-11, the fourth to
seventh from outer side longest. Lateral labial sete 9-10,
movable hook almost straight, 11-12 crenulations on the oppo-
sing (distal) edges of the lateral labial lobes. Length of the

May, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 175

shed skin 14 mm. Dr. Skinner exhibited what he took to be
the larvee of Parandra brunnea. ‘They were infesting a but-
tonwood tree in Logan Square, Philadelphia, and were present
in large numbers. ‘The speaker remarked that he had never
seen an imago in the Square. Mr. Wenzel said the imago
seldom leaves the tree. He mentioned the fact Mr. Beyer had
had taken Parandra polita at Norfolk, Va., previously recorded
from Texas and Mexico. Mr. Huntington said the Aristotle
Society had been fairly successful in getting reports on the Lepi-
doptera and Coleoptera for the proposed Pennsylvania list. Dr.
Calvert said that wings were present in larve of both sexes in
the Tussock moth, and asked if any one present had noted the
fact or had seen any reference thereto.
HENRY SKINNER, Recorder.

Minutes of meetings of Brooklyn Entomological Society,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

November 6, 1902.—Twenty-two persons present. Prof.
John B. Smith, president, in the chair.

Dr. Call reported, for the committee on ‘‘ Revision of Glos-
sary of Entomological Terms,’’ as to the cost of compiling and
publishing 500 copies of a volume containing 125 pages, and
after discussion, subscriptions to the extent of $200 were
assured by those present.

Mr. Charles Myers, of Bronx, and Messrs. William Schwenke
and Otto Dederer, of Brooklyn, were elected members.

Mr. Martin exhibited specimens collected by himself during
the past season at Worms and Bierstadt, Germany. Lepidop-
tera were numerous. Electric lights were very productive.

Mr. Doll reported his taking of many specimens of a varia-
tion of acles imperialis larvee in the Catskills which differed
structurally from the ordinary type, particularly in the short-
ening of the spines.

Mr. Pearsall reported his capture of a specimen of Platarctia
hyperborea on the summit of one of the Catskills.

Mr. Shoemaker stated that he had taken the third known
specimen of Sphinx franckii, at Washington, this summer,
the second having been taken by him several years since.

176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’o4

Mr. Franck remarked that he took the first specimen of this
insect in Kansas City many years ago, and that he regarded it
as a hybrid between cherszs and kalmie.

Prof. Smith stated that of the seventeen species of mosquitoes
indigenous to New Jersey he had bred all but two, and gave
portions of the life-history of those which he had studied.
The popular description of the ‘‘egg-boats’’ applied only to
one species. Other species oviposited in moist peat, etc.,
where they awaited water for development. Marsh mosquitoes
rarely entered dwellings.

General discussion on question as to the period of fertiliza-
tion, whether fall or spring, of certain hybernating species. It
appeared that where both % $ and 9? 9 survive the winter,
this occurred in the spring.

December 4, 1902.—Twenty-four persons present. Prof.
John B. Smith, president, in the chair.

Prof. Smith, of the Glossary Committee, reported progress.
_ Mr. Weeks read an article written by his father, the late
William J. Weeks, of Suffolk Co., L. I., and published in the
Scientific American of 1857, offering a solution of the method
whereby the honey-bee (Apis mellifica) was enabled to con-
struct its cells with more or less regularity,—viz., by the em-
ployment of its antennze as a standard of measure, the identity
in length and angle of these organs with the dimensions of the
cells having been established by the examination of numerous
workers.

Discussion by Dr. Call and Messrs. Roberts, Joutel and
Weeks. i

Mr. Charles Dury of Cincinnati, made a brief statement of
the interest taken in entomological studies in his city,

Prof. Smith exhibited some lantern slides showing a series
of notodontian larve resting upon their respective food-plants,
and also slides illustrating the methods of breeding certain
Coccinellids imported from Australia and China and employed
in the destruction of scale insects infesting the orange, fig, etc.,
and lastly slides illustrating scenes in California, obtained
during his last visit to that State.

ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS, Secretary.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VoL. XV. JUNE, 1904. No. 6.
CONTENTS:
Viereck—A Case for Schmitt Boxes... 177._} Kearfott—Micro-Lepidoptera Sugges-
Smith—Remarks on Classification .... 179 tidug) Partihl cick vecciddasdacviecke 207
Blanchard—A new Californian species Bradley—Ropronia garmani Ashmead. 212
of Dromzolus Kies................ 187 | Ehrmann—New forms of Papilionide. 214
Girault—Attelabus bipustulatus Fab.. . 189 | Calvert—Thaumatoneura (Odonata).. 216
Webster—Relation of the Systematic te Skinner—New Meloide from Arizona. 217
the Economic Entomologist....... SOF sir POLORARE CEOS eos isewegieceeseae 218
Grinnell—An early California collector 202 | Entomological Literature ............. 219
Newcomb—Some notes chiefly on the INGLES BN INCWS: op oo. vie cciesnects ss sons 219
scarcity of Michigan Rhopalocera Doings of Societies ............ceeceees 223
PRICE EU aeicted side hdc AGC Yop ie weno 204 | Obituary—Rev. Fr. Jerome Schmitt... 224

A Case for Schmitt Boxes.

By Henry L. VIERECK.
(With Plate XIII.)

The first case specially designed te hold Schmitt boxes is
shown in the accompanying illustration. This case measures,
inside, 414 ins. high, rg ins. wide, and 13% ins. deep. It is
made of sheet tin folded and soldered together, reinforced by
outside ribs, two on the lid and one on each side. Around the
outside of the case 54 in. from the edges is soldered a strip of
tin which, with the case, makes a groove %x% in. ‘The
groove is lined with sublimated felt or rubber (the former is
best because the rubber hardens and becomes useless) and
receives the corresponding 54 x 5% in. rim of solid zinc on the
edge of the lid.. Four wire clamps permanently attached to
the lid, when clamped over the projecting groove of the case,
hold the lid firmly in place so that the case becomes airtight.

Inside the case is placed a wooden frame made of three up-
right boards, top, bottom and a shelf in the middle, the sides
are furnished with cleats that make separate places for the
Schmitt boxes.

Each case holds 28 boxes and makes a unit of an elastic

177

178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’04

system interchangeable in every way. ‘The case being air-
tight keeps dust off the boxes and makes them doubly pest
proof. What stands in favor of this kind of a case more than
anything else is the ease with which it would permit 28 insect
boxes to be removed from a building at one time in case of
fire—even if not rescued the wooden boxes would be pro-
tected to some extent against the fire, on the other hand they
could not become water soaked.

We are indebted to Dr. Henry Skinner for this new arrival
in the Entomological Museum. Zoologists use, quite exten-
sively, a case that suggested this one, but Dr. Skinner devised
the frame for Schmitt boxes and the solid rimmed lid or cover
which requires only four clamps, two on each side, while in the
old case of the Zoologists there are three clamps on each side
and one top and bottom. ‘The cases can be arranged and sepa-
rated as shown in the illustration, z.e., enough space between
the sides to permit the handling of the clamps; the bottom
cases need only be separated from the floor by a two-inch
plank which will keep the projecting edge clear of the floor ;
between the upper and lower row of cases another pair of
planks is placed to keep the upper case perfectly horizontal
and clear of the lower one. ‘The case is now being adopted
by two institutions, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila-
delphia, and The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion, New Haven, Conn. Mr. E. Daecke uses it in his private
collection.

A collection kept in this kind of a case will certainly be
pest proof if care is taken that no pest enters boxes that are
opened for examination. One case should be fitted with
shelves so that an insecticide can reach every part of it, this
should then be the quarantine station into which all new

material should first be placed for a sufficient length of time,’

before it is incorporated in the pest free collection.
In this connection we wish to introduce a new device for
dividing the insect boxes into columns. We are indebted to

Dr. W. E. Britton for this idea. The device is a wire pointed.

and bent at both ends, and should be of the same material,
thickness and color of a Kleger’s black pin, No. 6. The wire

Sea

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 179

should span the box. It is preferable to strips of black paper
or ruled lines because it can be shifted at will, and if properly
made is always strong and straight. -The Schmitt box is
usually divided into four columns running from bact to front.

<0>

Some Remarks on Classification.*
By Joun B. Smitu, Sc.D.

Whenever there is a new list in any order, whether the time
between lists be long or short, there is an outcry against
changes; a feeling of irritation and disgust because of the
necessity of learning new names and rearranging cabinets.
And that is not the least of it: old species meet us under
unfamiliar names, not only generic but specific; while well-
known generic names are used in a way that brings despair to
the older men with the habits of a lifetime to unlearn.

Lepidopterists have had of recent date no less than four dis-
tinct shocks. For ten years there had been peace, and every-
body had gotten used to the list edited by mein 1891. That
list, prepared with the co-operation of special students in the
leading families, fairly represented the then generally accepted

classification, save that more family divisions were recognized.
It was realized that the order of families was not a natural one,
and that there was no uniformity in the value of the divisions.
It was a check-list and little more.

In 1902 Dr. Harrison G. Dyar published in Bulletin No. 52
of the U. S. National Museum ‘‘A List of North American
Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects.’’
This was revolutionary in character, and expressed the views
of the author on classification and on synonymy. While much
of this scheme of classification was original with Dr. Dyar, it
was not all presented for the first time and, within family lim-
its, the arrangement and synonymy expressed the views of his
collaborateurs. But it was the first time the scheme was pre-
sented as a whole to the lepidopterists of the country and they

* Read at the annual meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society
as a Presidential address.

180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’o4

were lost in its mazes. ‘The list as it stands is a useful piece of

work, wonderfully accurate for its extent, and as a whole based

upon what I believe to be a natural system. To one familiar

with the literature, the specific index is enough to locate the
species, but the absence of generic synonymy, of all reference
to the description of synonyms, and the perhaps unavoidable
brevity of the references generally, left the average collector
helpless before a sea of unfamiliar names arranged in unfamiliar
order without any point of attachment to his previous guides.
In certain series, notably the butterflies, the generic divisions
were at variance with those generally accepted by American
students, and were adopted from Scudder without renewed or
original study by Dr. Dyar. Some of the arrangements and
synonymy in the Noctuide did not agree with my own views
in the matter and, after some consultations, a new edition of
the check-list of 1891 was determined upon.

In this, Dr. Dyar’s general scheme of classification was
accepted with some modifications; but not the synonymy,
generic or specific, which was more closely approximated to
the old list. While many changes were necessary they were,
so far as possible, indexed to the previous list, that with some
little labor the possessor of the old list could find nearly all its
species in the new edition.

Hardly had the new list been generally distributed before
Sir George F. Hampson’s volume of the first series of the
Noctuidze appeared, and this complicated matters further. It
was inevitable that, when the described species of all faunal
regions were collated, many generic and some specific syno-
nyms should be found. It was also inevitable that, viewing
generic bases from a somewhat different standpoint, there
should be some divisions of described genera and some combi-
nations, resulting again in an aggregation differing radically
from the two lists previously mentioned. Some genera get
new types,—z. ¢., other species than such as have been hereto-
fore accepted,—and the order of genera is completely changed.
Noctua is now used for what we have called Avedus, and other
well-known names disappear completely.

Most recent of all is Dr. W. J. Holland’s Moth Book, in

i ee eee

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 181

which the nomenclature of the Sphingide is based upon the
work of Rothschild and Hartley. We are here asked to forget
all our previous associations of names and structure and to
learn a totally newcombination. SfAzzx is no longer typified
by species resembling cherszs ; it is now applied in the sense in
which we have previously used Smerinthus. Sesta is no longer
a clear-wing ; but its representatives are our species of 4//o-
pos,—and so on.

We have heard of discussions concerning the ‘‘ whichness
of the what,’’ or the ‘‘ thusness of the that,’’ and have consid-
ered them as jokes; but the state of uncertainty at present exist-
ing as to our lepidopterological nomenclature is no joke at all.

The question naturally arises,—what causes all these differ-
ences of opinion, and why are such changes necessary ? Before
pointing out some of the difficulties, I want to record a little
conversation had with one of the authorities in another order,
wonderfully familiar with the literature in his own as well as
other specialties. He cited a recent work in which the author
proves to demonstration that a particular species must be the
type of a given genus. ‘There seemed no escape from the con-
clusions of the publication until, a little later, another was

issued by another author who was equally convincing in his
proof that a totally different species was the type of the generic
name.

Of course this aroused interest, and my friend concluded
that, as he had all the publications referred to, he would look
the matter up himself. He did so, and concluded that neither
of the previous writers was correct; but that an altogether
different species must be considered as the type! Now here
we have three authorities, with exactly the same evidence before
them, coming to three distinct conclusions ; and each is firmly
convinced that he is right.

How does it happen, then, that so much difference of opinion
is possible when the evidence is all before us?

When Linnzus first used his binomial system definitely, in
the tenth edition of the Systema Natura, which is accepted as
a starting point for our nomenclature, he used the terms Pafilio
for all butterflies ; Sphinx for all hawk-moths and some other

182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, 04

things; Bombyx for spinners and the like; JVoctua for owlet
moths, etc., all his generic names being now used with family
terminations.

Linné did not, of course, express any generic type, and his
descriptions were as general as the species under them were
various.

Following Linné, came Fabricius and, while he was yet wri-
ting, Scopoli, Laspeyres, Latreille and others.

Each of these authors used the Linnzean names and added
new ones: and they differed a little in their application of the
terms. Now here comes the first chance for a disagreement.
Some authors hold that the first specific name under a genus
must be held to be its type and, because Linné placed ocellata
at the head of his list of SAhzzx, that species must be the rep-
resentative of that generic name forever. Other authors claim
that when a generic term is used, all the species under it are
equally representative and, unless the author has in some way
indicated a particular species, a subsequent student has the
right to divide the genus as he wishes, and may confine or
restrict the original term in any way that he chooses. In
1805, Latreille described Smerinthus and used it for Linné’s
first group of Sphinx, including in it ocellata. If Latreille had
the right to do that, ocellata was no longer a Sphinx and could
not serve as the type of the genus. Here, then, we have two
schools at once,—in one of which ocellata is a Sphinx, in the
other of which it is a Smerinthus. ‘

In 1775, Fabricius proposed the term Sesza for our fantalus
for the clear-winged Hemaris, etc., and included in the term
also the little species now called Sesiide in our list. For those
of the first-named school ‘aztalus is and ever must be the type
of Sesia.

But in 1777, Scopoli separated off stedlatarum and allies as
Macroglossa and, in 1801, Laspeyres in a general work restricted
the term Sesia to tipuliformis and its allies. ‘These changes
and restrictions have heretofore met with general acceptance,
and I must confess that personally I cannot follow Messrs.
Rothschild and Hartley in making the changes they adopt in
our nomenclature. ;

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 183

Hubner began to write in 1793, or thereabouts, and in 1806
published the celebrated ‘‘ Tentamen,’’ a very suggestive clas-
sification of the Lepidoptera in which a number of new names
were proposed, with each of which a known specific name was
associated. There were no descriptions, no explanations, only
names ; suggestive enough to one who knew, absolutely un-
meaning to all others.

Here we come to another opportunity for disagreement. One
school holds that each new name being associated with a known
‘ species, that species thereby became the type, and this was all

that was needed. The other maintains that such a term isa
nomen nudum, a naked name to which no definite meaning is
attachable. As a number of authors, including Ochsenheimer,
were then writing, it becomes a question of some importance
to fix the status of the ‘‘ Tentamen.’’ Hampson ignores it.
Dyar accepts it. So we have an added opportunity for differ-
ences in generic terms, and there is nobody that has authority
to settle the differences. Some authors, including myself,
recognize secondary sexual characters as sufficient for generic
separation,—7. ¢., a series of species with pectinated antennze
-in the male may be generically separated from a series in which
these appendages are simple in both sexes. Hampson and
others hold that such characters should not be used, but that
a genus should be equally recognizable in both sexes. I
rather sympathize with that view of the case; but the result
of its adoption gives us horribly unwieldy genera, and as gen-
era are for convenience of classification only, I have deemed it
best to admit the use of characters peculiar to one sex only.
I remember I told Dr. G. H. Horn, many years ago, that in
my opinion there should not be genera which could be deter-
mined from one sex only. His reply was, ‘‘ Until you know
both sexes you do not know the species, and when once you
know the species there is no difficulty in recognizing the ge-
nus.’’ Ihave kept this point in mind ever since, and it really
decided me in favor of the practice that I have adopted.

The important feature here is that by this difference of opin-
ion Hampson’s work differs from mine in certain generic divi-
sions and, so long as we continue to differ, the same specific
name may appear under different generic terms.

184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’04

It happened occasionally that a peculiarly fitting term was
applied in different orders of the insects, in a different class of
the Animal Kingdom and even in the Plant Kingdom. When
that was the case the term stood for its earliest use, and the
later or preoccupied name fell; anybody could propose a sub-
stitute. As descriptions multiplied, this became a troublesome
matter, and it was finally agreed that a term might be used in
both Animal and Plant Kingdoms; but only once in each.

As specialization increased, men confined their studies to
one class and, in the insects, to single orders; the literature
increasing in proportion to the number of students. Further-
"more, as new territories were settled and explored, investigators
limited their work—often of necessity—to one faunal region,
and the entomologist in central North America had little chance
of knowing what was done by the conchologist in central India.
So further duplications took place, and the same name was —
used in different classes and in different orders. It is techni-
cally allowable for anyone who discovers that a generic name
is preoccupied anywhere in the Animal Kingdom to propose a
new one, and it is a cheap way of satisfying a mhz itch at the
expense of one who has done real work, but has not had access
to literature. Personally I never change a name unless it is
preoccupied in another order, and I have been slow in recog-
nizing changes made because a name was preoccupied in another
class. Practice varies, too, as to what names may be changed :
whether they must merely sound alike, have only the same
derivation, or must be literally alike. Lord Walsingham, for
instance, would consider Sesia and Setia alike, because he pro-
nounces them so; but to one who gives the #¢ its value this
seems absurd. Some claim that the hard C and X are the
same, and that Cobalos and Kobalos are duplicates, wee with
a differing initial,

All these points are factors which afford opportunities for
disagreement, resulting in differences of generic or specific
names used. To some the letter is of more importance than
the spirit, and that a change made on a technicality upsets a
century of general acceptance and use matters not in the least ;
in fact it seems rather a delight to them to replace a name in

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 185

general use by some term long since abandoned or lost sight
of, if a possible excuse can be found for it. Sometimes a
question arises whether a wrongly written or printed name
may be changed if it thereby becomes a synonym.

It is literally a case of many men many minds, and to the
collector, without the basis for an opinion or a knowledge of
why things are done, all seems chaos, and he simply follows
whatever list he has or whatever authority has his confidence.
I quote from a recent number of the Ent. Record and Journal
‘on ‘‘ Variation.’’

‘The average collector * * * * does not care a dead mite
for priority fancies. He asks for uniformity at any price, and
in the existing welter of opinions, will not bother his head
about who misspelled a name first and stuck to it, and who
dared to correct the printer’s blunder, or started a system of
his own, necessitating a host of new divisions and subdivi-
sions,—all intensely interesting to the scientist, but actually
repugnant to the field naturalist and the ‘ mere collector,’ for
whom the rose smells as sweet whether it be called a rose or
redescribed as var. William-Allen-Richardsonii.’’

~ While what I have said has been in comment on recent work
in Lepidoptera, it applies in principle to other orders also, and
there are some in which there are differences of opinion quite
as great.

Now I admit to a little conservatism in some directions; I
don’t mind smashing things where I think they deserve it and,
of course, I admit everybody else to the same privilege; but
it seems to me that there is a difference between an attempt to
correct a supposed error of observation or interpretation of
structure and an attempt to change names only.

Classification is, after all, only a scaffolding upon which we
hang our knowledge, and names and divisions are mere pegs
to indicate the combination for which they stand. Every time
we change the combination indicated by the peg we disturb the
system. What injustice is done to Linneé by using chersis rather
than ocellata as the type of Sphinx, and why should not La-
treille receive recognition for his limitation of the broad term,
and credit for the new term proposed by him ?

186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (June, ’o4

The ornithologists have tried to regulate cases of this kind,

and Canon XXI of their code reads, ‘‘ When no type is clearly
indicated, the author who first subivides a genus may restrict
the original name to such part of it as he may judge advisable,
and such assignment shall not be subject to subsequent modi-
fication.’’ _

This seems in accord with justice and common sense, and
this rule has been generally observed by American authors.

I am sorry that Dr. Holland has accepted a nomenclature in —

conflict with it, because personally I shall not feel able to accept
the changes.

There is only one real entity in nature, and that is the indi-
vidual. No two specimens are exactly alike, however much
they resemble each other. Each has a combination of charac-
ters peculiar to itself and which it may transmit to its pro-
geny, in whole or in part, or with some modifications. An
aggregation of individuals which mate freely and produce fer-
tile young is a species, and most species may also be considered
as natural divisions. Individual variation does not go beyond
a limited range, and it nowhere touches or encroaches upon the
range of another species. But, while this is true in general,
there are exceptions, indicating that the process of species-
making is yet a part of Nature’s evolution. This, however,
forms a topic too large for an address of this kind.

When we leave the species, Nature places no restriction
upon the systematist. He can make genera, families, super-
families, and orders as he pleases, and may base them upon
any characters that seem good to him.

It may be possible some day for entomologists to reach some
common ground upon which all may and will stand; but the
present is a stiff-necked generation, of which every individual
believes that he is pretty nearly right, and I am not counting
upon the arrival of the happy day in my lifetime.

THE tick mentioned in Ent. News, Vol. XIV, p. 212, has been kept
in the small turned wooden box with a tight-fitting lid, and has not had
any food or water. The box has been kept in a roll-top desk, closed at
nights. At this date, May rst, the tick is alive and hearty, and is now
nearly two years old.—H. SKINNER.

4 weer int-9
a eel
= eu:

— ~ »

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 187

A new Californian species of Dromaeolus Kies.
By FREDERICK BLANCHARD, Tyngsboro, Mass.

Dromzolus hospitalis n. sp.—Form elongate, nearly parallel, narrowed
at apical third, black rather shining, prothorax dull, with short brown
pubescence inclining to yellowish at sides of elytra near the base. An-
tennz dark piceous or black, somewhat brownish apically, slender, fili-
form, slightly longer than the hind angles of the prothorax, first joint more
or less evidently carinate its whole length on the lower side, second a little
longer than the fourth, third about equal to the next two which are short,
subequal, joints six to ten longer, subequal, the eleventh nearly as long
as the two preceding ; head convex, densely punctured, with a fine median
smooth line more or less evident especially in front ; prothorax as broad
as long in the female, or slightly longer than broad in the male, and as
wide as the base of the elytra, sides straight, parallel, arcuately narrowed
at apical third, disc moderately convex, median line strongly impressed
at base and reaching the middle, or even feebly continued to apex, sur-
face densely rugosely punctate, less densely on the disc from middle to
apex, more densely at the sides; elytra substriate, finely, not closely
punctate, the punctures a little coarser at base ; beneath, the prosternum
and sides of metatarsum rather strongly not closely punctate, propleura
more coarsely and closely punctate, the punctures extending quite to the
lateral margin posteriorly, obscuring the antennal groove; hind coxz
and abdomen more finely and closely punctate, anal segment more
coarsely and very densely and roughly punctate at apex ; metasternum
with a fine smooth line at middle ; triangle of the propleura not twice as
long as wide at base, the antennal groove strongly impressed anteriorly,
not distinctly limited externally and obsolete behind ; legs black, tarsi
brown, the fourth joint of the latter as wide as the third and distinctly
emarginate above receiving the base of the fifth joint. Length 7-10 mm.

The foregoing description follows very closely that given by
Dr. Horn, in his Monograph, of D. dasalis Lec. In his synop-
tic table Dr. Horn defines zzfens and basalis by the ‘‘ marginal
grooves of thorax shallow, not sharply limited internally.’’ In
all three species the antennal grooves are deep anteriorly, rap-
idly shallowing behind. They are best defined in zzfens. In
basalts the internal limit is evident, though feeble. In hosfi-
talis it quite disappears, the coarse punctures encroaching upon
the very shallow continuation of the groove behind. The gen-
eral appearance of zifens is more shining, the pubescence being
distinctly fine and the prothoracic punctures less close upon
the disc, although dense and rugose at the sides, much as in
the other two species. The anal segment is similarly densely

188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’04

punctate at apex in zfens, and the fourth joint of the tarsi is”

as wide as the third. ‘The prothorax in dasalis is apt to be a
little wider than the elytra, with the sides feebly arcuate and,
by comparison, a little less densely punctate and rugose than

in the new species. The punctuation beneath is finer, espe-

cially upon the abdomen; the anal segment scarcely different
from the others. The fourth joint of the tarsi is very small,
feebly impressed and distinctly narrower than the third. The
distinct cinereous pubescence at base of the elytra in dasalis
is slightly tinted in the present species by a few paler hairs
at the sides of base. ‘The character noted by Dr. Horn,—tri-
angle of prosternal parapleura twice longer than wide in zzfens
and less than twice as long as wide in dasalis,—is rather diffi-
cult to appreciate. The present species, while partaking some-
what of the characters of both zzfexs and basalis, does not
appear to be intermediate. It might be placed after dasalis
because of the still more feebly defined antennal grooves,
although by its general form and its tarsi it more resembles
nitens.

Mr. L. E. Ricksecker, of Santa Rosa, Cal., July 7, 1897,
obtained many specimens of hospitalis and nitens at the same
time from a decayed Alder stump, ‘‘ that had presumably been

floated down Russian river during some freshet, and deposited ~

a few miles below the mouth of the river on Wright’s beach.’’

Mr. Chas. Fuchs, of San Francisco, has submitted one speci- .

men from ‘‘ Boulder Creek, Santa Cruz Co., July 5, 1895.”

Dromzolus californicus Bonv.—This species has a short, deep impres-
sion or groove on the median line of the metasternum.

Mr. Ricksecker has taken the species from decaying stumps
of the Douglas spruce at Sylvania, ‘‘ May 17, 1900.”’

>

THE EGGS OF KERMES GILLETTE! Cockerell (family Coccidz).—New-
stead cites as the maximum number of larve from one female Coccid
6258, from Walkeriana pertinax Newst., found in Africa.

Upon examination, [ found a female of Kermes gillettei, collected by

Mr. Cockerell at Manitou, Colo., to contain 6676 eggs. The eggs are an
opaque white color, and in form long oval, measuring 120 to 135 # in
width and 220 to 244m in length.—L. C. HimgesauGu, Biology Dep’t,
Colorado College.

inti Sunes Ga

June, ’04]} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 189

Attelabus bipustulatus Fab.
(COLEOPTERA.)
Theory of Oviposition and Construction of Nidus; Miscellaneous Notes.
By A. ARSENE GrRAULT, Blacksburg, Va.

May 18.—Many egg-cases found on different species of Oak (Q. rubra,
nigrum, alba). Most of them have been hanging for some time, being
browned and brittle ; a few under construction. Eggs present.

I.— General method of construction of nidus, with observations
showing method followed for different oak types.

simply makes a crescentic, smooth-edged
incision along margin of the leaf; this inci-
sion extends from a point on the margin on
each side of one of the principal veins from
the midrib, to this vein, the latter thus con-
tinuing through the section cut out, forming
a petiole for the nidus after construction
(vide figure). It is now obvious that the
nidus is formed from the portion of the leaf
separated out by this crescentic incision ;
the separated section is simply rolled up.

1. First method of construction and oviposi-
tion. QO. rubra.

May 22—rubra.

(a) Construction of nidus.

After cutting out section of leaf, as shown in foregoing, the female
crawls slowly up and down the midrib of the section on the under side
and creases the leaf, using its legs as levers, biting afterwards with its
jaws to keep the crease in place. It repeatedly folds the section face to
face in this manner,—z. e., by sprawling the legs on each side, apart and
over the midrib, and then bringing them together, generally using the
legs on one side of the body as a force, the corresponding opposite ones
as a base against which the force is applied. (Analogous to the thumb and
fingers. Imagine a leaf held, face out, petiole down, between the thumb
and fingers, so that the midrib is equidistant between the base (thumb)
and the force (fingers) ; now if the leaf is folded so that the two upper
faces are approximate, the midrib forming the line of creasage, or the
hinge, it exactly illustrates the relative position of the dextral and sinistral
series of legs.)

It continues the creasing, going up and down the midrib of the section
until the two upper faces are approximate. Then it makes diagonal
creases from the midrib, crawling slowly with the beak applied to the

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.—Leaf of Q. rubrum, showing at ab incision made by
beetle; the shriveled section isolated, and the natural outlines (the dotted lines) of the
section from which the nidus is made; the vein d forms the petiole of the nidus.—OriIGc.

190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’o4

surface of the leaf as if actually creasing with the beak. (This could not —
be determined because of the movements of the leaf in the wind. It does,
however, bite the crease after formed. Analogue: pinching a piece of
paper after folding.) Two diagonal creases are made, one on each side ;
another short, transverse, deeper one is made at the edge of the leaf on
one side near the base.

After the leaf is creased, and the faces are approximate, the slender tip
is folded over against the faces, and the fold or joint twisted. Then, by
turning in one end of the section obliquely, tucking in the while, the sec-
tion is nicely and neatly rolled into the nidus, the base perfect, and the
slender tip peeking from the apical end. The tip is afterward tucked in
carefully, some time being given to the process.

(b) Oviposition,
Oviposition then takes place :
(1) in the rolled tip before tucked in, the more probable, or
(2) in the rolled tip after tucked in.

Finally, the beetle comes to the small petiole, or portion of the vein
connecting the section with the main leaf, slight enough already as a sup-
port for the nidus. This is cut in such a manner that the case will fall in
a short time from natural causes. In one case the beetle returned after
a short while, and wrapping one of its cephalic and one of its intermediate
legs around the petiole, snapped the connection, the nidus rolling to the
ground. An egg was found concealed within the twisted tip.

2. Second method of construction and oviposition. Q. nigrum. ~

QO. alba.

June 1—zigrum.,

(a) Construction of nidus.

2 simply folded the section of leaf face to face. the midrib forming the
hinge. Differs from the first method in that the two (2) faces were not
approximate, but flat together, the case being made by rolling up the
leaf section after it has been folded /faz/y in halves.

This species of oak has no tapering apexes, and thus no projecting end
‘in which to lay the egg.

_(b) Oviposition.

After it has rolled up a small portion of the section, in a crevice formed
by the folds the egg is laid. The section is then rolled completely up,
enveloping the egg within its folds. Analogue: rolling up a strip of car-
pet and placing a tack on it after a portion has been rolled, and then con-
tinuing the process. )

June 23—a/ba.

(a) Construction of nidus.

The method given in foregoing (June 1, zigrum) seems to have been
c carried out in at least a majority of cases coming under observation.

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IgI

(b) Oviposition.
Similar to that given under zigrum.

Il.—Classificatory outline, showing theory of nidus construction
and oviposition ; summary.

It seems probable and possible, from the foregoing, that the method of

constructing the nidus varies according to the species of oak and the two

main leaf types represented by these species. Those made from Q.

rubra, and species of the same group, are probably constructed as under

the first method ; indicated both by observation and by old cases. While

those on zigrum and species of the zigrum group including adéa, with

: broad tipped leaves, are constructed as given under the second method

= of construction, flatly ; evidence by the cases found on the ground under

{ these oaks, and also by observation. These points need further investi-
gation.

1. Type: rubra, group of Quercus, including all species with acute
or slenderly tipped leaves, as in ruéra, etc.
(a) Construction of nidus.
Section cut as usual; leaf faces approximate, rolled ob-
liquely with slender tip projecting.
(b) Oviposition.
In the projecting slender tip after rolling :
(1) before tucked in, more probable ;
b (2) after tucked in.

2. Type: sigrum, group of Quercus, including all species with
obtuse leaves, as in zigrum, alba, etc.
(a) Construction of nidus.
Section cut as usual; leaf faces /fa/, rolled in the same
straight line.
(b) Oviposition.
In crevice of partly rolled nidus.

~

‘ Hence, construction of nidus depends on shape of leaf, which depends
on group of Quercus; and oviposition varies directly with the method
of construction.
LlI— Miscellaneous Notes.
(a) On time of construction and oviposition; from a single

observaiion.

Incision . , : 30 minutes. (?)
Creasing . 4 : 15 <s
Rolling . : E 9 4
Oviposition . : 6 “

. (b) On habits.

192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’o4

The adults eat small, round holes from both surfaces of the leaf. They
are not easily disturbed, and do not readily ‘‘ play ’possum,”’ as do the
Curculios, but apparently have to be forced to do so. When they do, it
is not done half so well, nor is it so real nor as lengthy, as with the Cur-
culionide. \tis much more of a sham and requires no loss of patience
to the observer, for it is no sooner done than over with.

The females apparently live for quite a period of time, and do all of the
work on the nidus excepting perhaps during the early part of their lives
as adults, when the males may occasionally condescend to helpthem. On
May 18th the two sexes were observed together, the male on the female’s
back taking no part in the work. After that date the males began to dis-
appear ; none were observed taking actual part in the work.

At times the females have much trouble in making the nidi, and many
abandoned ones have been found; several cases have been found side-
by-side, probably deserted by the same individual. Most of the trouble
lies in the cutting out of the leaf section, in the selection of a wrong por-
tion of the leaf, and making the crescentic incision in the wrong place
before the mistake is discovered; or, in other words, faulty instinct
comes into play. As many as three (3) nidi have been found on a single
leaf.

(c) On period of oviposition; May 18th-—/June 23d.

The period of oviposition is quite long, covering perhaps six (6) weeks,
three in May and three in June; the dates given are those recorded from
observation, the last one (June 23d) based on the fact that a female was
observed constructing a nidus, and hence more or less doubtful. I noted
on June 2d that they were still ovipositing, on June 4th that but a single
incividual was seen, and that the period of oviposition was probably at
an end; the next date (June 23d) records the fact just stated in regard to
female making egg-case, and on June 24th the last beetle was observed,
then thought to be the forerunner of an overlapping second brood, but
evidently a straggler. Hence, the period of oviposition extended prac-
tically to pune 4th, theoretically to June 23d. é

(d) On development ; larve, nidi.

June 2d—Eggs found in all cases examined ; no larve.

June 4th—Most of the nidi have fallen to the earth, and have begun to
decay. They are easily found lying amongst the grass, and were numer-
ous. Nota single larva found in ten (10) examined. Many of the nidi
were partly unrolled, due to moisture ; others fresh and newly fallen ;
majority old and brown. They hang to the tree for several days, per-
haps a guard against too much moisture.

June 12th—Two larve found in many cases examined ; eggs about to
hatch, abundant. The cases containing larvz were full of frass and other
evidences that they were feeding from interior portions.

June 23d—Several cases examined this morning, finding indications of
the presence of larve. At last a nearly full-grown larva was found in

tS ne ie

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 193

one, the case being reduced to a mere shell, the larve filling the whole
of it; lost. After this, several younger and much smaller larve were
found.

June 24th—Larve, a single egg, and adults found to-day ; pupz per-
haps also present. The last adult observed. Attempts to obtain pupze
a failure.

Annapolis, Md., 1907.

May 7th—Cases and eggs abundant, also adults; cases measure
about 5 mm.

May 20th—Larva obtained from cases in stage.
- May 30th—Oviposition continues; fresh eggs present. Find great
difficulty in attempts to rear. Very young larve present; no pupze
obtained.

The egg is probably laid before the case is rolled up, although one
examined when partially rolled and under construction yielded no egg.
(QO. rubra ?)

Credit is due Mr. John F. Strauss, Washington, D. C., for the rough
draft of the figure, and to Mr. J. Francis Linthicum, Annapolis, Md.,
for recopying.

aS
—

Relation of the Systematic to the Economic
Entomologist.
By F. M. WressTerR, Urbana, IIl.

I go to my farm in spring, and my tenant points out to me
a young colt frisking about beside its mother. Five or six
years after I observe him working a horse in harness at the
plow, and I ask him where he obtained his horse; and he tells
me that it is the colt that I saw besides its mother some years
before, except that it has now developed to a horse. I ask
him when the colt ceased to be a colt and became a horse, and
he cannot tell me, though he has probably cared for it and
watched over it nearly every day since its birth; yet, despite
all of this, he cannot give me the exact date when the colt
became the horse. He has given me an honest answer, and I
do not think less of him for having done so.

My children grow up to manhood and womanhood, and I ask
the mother when they ceased to be boys and girls and became
men and women, but she can not tell me. We know that,
legally, they reached maturity at 21 and 18 years of age, but
we also know that some children are more mature at the age

~

194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’o4

of 16 or 18 than others are at 25, and no law in christendom
can change these conditions.

I go to the entomologist who describes species and ie him
what constitutes a species or a genus, and he honestly informs
me that he does not know and cannot therefore tell me. Why
should I wonder? We are dealing with ready-made problems,
involving organisms over which we have not the least control,
and of which we really know but very little. Animal life in
general, and insects in particular, possess an almost unlimited
capacity for adaptation to changed conditions, but they did not
obtain these advantages by any skillfully planned effort of their
own. ‘They have varied in the past, are varying at present,
and will continue to vary in future, according as their environ-
ment is unsuitable; not because they set out to do so, but
because they cannot help it. If we wish proof of the fact that
insects, of all animal life, are the most susceptible to variations
of environment, we have but to consider their countless num-
ber of different forms, intergrading into each other on the one
hand and away from each other on the opposite. Where, in
its evolution from the stem, does it cease to be the one species
and become another and independent species? Until we learn
this we cannot establish a fixed law that shall regulate the
extent to which a species may vary, but must leave this im-
portant duty to the individual describing it; and as humans
vary as much mentally as they do physically, and labor under
different environments, the way out of our dilemma does not
appear at all easy. I have in other papers compared the
describer of species to a pioneer, because his work must come
first. It is he that must bridge the chasm confronting the
morphologist. Until a form is described, we cannot well indi-
cate it and refer to it clearly and distinctly, and, unless it is
given a name, we cannot do this without each time repeating
the description. This is all there is in a description or a name,
and when the systematist has done this, his work is ended.
Beyond this, he lays aside the systematist and becomes the
morphologist. He has built the bridge ; whether it is perfect
or faulty, whether it is safe or dangerous, is a matter that
those who are to use it must settle. If a description does not
describe a species, or if a name does not designate a species

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 195

from some other one, of what use is either to those who must
use them in the advancement of knowledge? The man who
crosses the bridge is not to blame if it proves inadequate for
the purpose for which it was constructed. He is simply striv-
ing to advance ; the structure does not meet the reqirement.

The morphologist does not care who describes and names a
form ; whether he is old or young, rich or poor, a catholic, a
protestant or a jew; what he wants is truth, and he is com-
pelled to have this before he can go on with his investigations.
The systematist who helps him is a benefactor, for he is reach-
ing out in every direction for assistance.

Let me return to my illustration of the bridge. An army,
which you may term morphologists, if you choose, is encamped
on the bank of a river which it must cross before it can accom-
plish the end for which it was brought into existence. There
are no bridges and the flood is deep and the current swift. The
pioneer corps sets to work to construct the bridges, but the
engineers disagree as to the proper location, some claiming that
an old structure was reared a century or so before and the old
abutments are safe and should be utilized, while another fac-
tion disputes this and says the abutments have become unsafe,
and another location is preferable, while a third faction favors
a different structure, in a different place, each insisting that
they and they only are right. Construction begins, but the
builders disagree as to the method of doing the work and in
the material to be used ; one faction puts in place and another
pulls down ; sometimes one faction has one end of a girder or
timber and another faction has equally strong hold of the other
end and both pull in opposite directions. They sometimes
accuse each other of defects, both mental and moral, until the
morphologist becomes discouraged. You say that a good
commander would remove half of the corps and let the remain-
der proceed : but which half, please? The army wishes to
get across ; if the construction corps is weakened it will be long
delayed. Half the work being done is useless and half the
workers are simply in the way of the other half, while the
army is idle and, to an extent, helpless.

Now, I have drawn you a picture. It is not a pleasant
one to look upon, but it is lifelike and up to date. Entomology

196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’04

is advancing in this country by leaps and bounds, but it is not
the advance of a well-drilled army but more like that of un-
trained recruits, whose object may be the very best, but in
their enthusiasm and zeal they get in each other’s way. Itis
said that in the far west, if a bunch of mules are beset by
wolves, they collect together in a circle, heads inward, and
kick outward toward their enemies; but sometimes systemat-
ists reverse the position and kick each other. ‘The fact is, no
one willingly obstructs the progress of his fellow; but ento-
mological nomenclature has driven more than one good student
to other sciences, where these difficulties are reduced to the
minimum.

The one who describes a new species, that zs new and not a
mere trivial variation of an old and well-known one, has done
the world of science a direct favor that will live and grow after
he has himself passed away ; but if he has only happened upon
an individual with one more or one less puncture than one
already described, or of a shade different color, or with a few
more or a few less hairs, though the habits be the same, and
describes this with a long name and publishes his work with a
flourish of trumpets, he has simply gotten in somebody’s way,
and his work will continue an obstruction long after he has
been otherwise forgotten. It seems to me, in this day and in
the present stage of progress, the systematist might, without
serious injury to the cause, vary that well-remembered adage
to ‘‘ be sure he is right, and then’’—look again! .When the
undescribed material began to dwindle away, as it has in some
groups, it was to be hoped that those who must continue to
write descriptions would turn to a more careful examination of
the things themselves, and study nature by the comparison of
different species, using the insects themselves for comparison.
But the current has seemingly turned in another direction, and
in this advanced age insects themselves are no longer essential,
as with a supply of old musty descriptions, written when it
was impossible to work as accurately as at present, species and
genera galore can be made and unmade without the trials and
tribulations of the collector being experienced at all. And the
fine points of literary distinctions that are brought into active

June, ’04]} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 197

service remind me of the young lady who insisted that it was
not at all appropriate to go out duggy-riding with anybody
except an entomologist. The descriptive work of the older
entomologists was crude and primitive, it is true, but they did
the best they could at that time, and the only wonder is that
they did so well; and though there was less hunting for ob-
scure punctures and hair-splitting differences, their work will
line up, so to speak, with that done today ; but to graft the
one onto the other is at times almost like attempting to weld
platinum onto cast iron. Some of the older work must of
necessity give way to that of a more concise character ; but we
are in danger of forgetting that all of this is preliminary to the
main object, that of enabling us to go on in getting a better
and broader knowledge of animal-life and the inter-relation-
ships existing between the different subdivisions that we arbi-
trarily erect. Nomenclature is a means and not anend. How
often does the systematic entomologist for a moment consider
whether or not the description of a new species from a single
individual, not always too perfect at that, which differs but
slightly from some other species of precisely similar habits,
will enable his fellow worker in the applied science, or in mor-
phological investigations, to solve some obscure problem of
insect attack or diffusion! Does he ever stop to think that a
valid species is a veritable guide-post to prevent the investi-
gator from losing his way, while a synonym is a rock in his
pathway, that at best only obstructs his progress?

Synonyms are not so bad if, after they have died and are
buried, they would only stay dead and out of the way; but
such is not the case; on the contrary, they are liable to be
suddenly resuscitated and again torment the morphologist.
Names that have been in use for a half or three-fourths of a
century, and are current the world over, are suddenly dis-
placed by one that has never come into common use, is even
less applicable to the insect, and for no other reason than that
someone a few years earlier described a form thought to be the
same. MJytilaspis pomorum is a good illustration, as it has
lately been displaced by Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn., when, as a
matter of fact, Linnzeus seems to have never described the

198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’04

species, never figured it and, strictly speaking, never named
it, as he only named Reaumur’s figures of a Coccid on elm.
Surely, such work as this does not advance the science of
entomology, and one can hardly believe that the ashes of
Linnzus are additionally honored by this revolution in nomen-
clature. The generic name was applied to the species by
Shimer many years ago, but nobody else has used it until
lately. But this is not the worst case by any means. In
1824 Thomas Say published a good description of Smerinthus
geminatus, accompanied by a most beautiful and accurate
illustration of the moth, drawn by Mrs. Say. In breeding a
number of these moths, there sometimes appears an occasional
individual with a single ocellus, and there is every gradation
between this and the typical form. It so happened that Drury,
in 1773, described this form as jamaicensis, with the statement
that it came from Jamaica. Now, it has never since been
found in Jamaica—it is only an extreme variation, and as
stated by Dr. Smith, though this name has priority, it is not
only a misnomer, but is inexpressive and absolutely mislead-
ing. The description does not describe the species at all, yet
because of priority of publication, Say’s name has recently been
reduced to a synonym, after having been in use for over 75
years and filling all the requirements of aname. But let us
imagine a parallel case. A naturalist, from Mars, for inst-
ance, lands on earth and begins to describe species beginning
with man. He happens to alight in Patagonia and forthwith
describes one of the most degraded forms of the human race.

Another investigator, a few years after, happens to alight in

the north temperate zone, and describes, we will say, the An-
glo-Saxon. Now, following this same law of priority, and
with no less regard for the truth that science is supposed to
portray, the Patagonian must forever be the type of the human
species, while the Anglo-Saxon must content himself with be-
ing a bleached-out synonym. ‘This is a good illustration of
what I have in mind when I say that some men are getting in
the way of.others. Again, we have been lately surprised to
see the name of the codling moth Carpocapsa pomonella, a name
by which it has been known so long that there is no difficulty

or
2) ae

June, ’04]} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 199

in making any entomologist in any country understand to what
species you refer in applying that name to it, suddenly trans-
formed to Cydia pomonella. But, before entomologists have
had time to get their labels changed to conform to the new
regulation, there comes a bulletin from the Department of
Agriculture, with the old name reinstated, with an explana-
tion that it is the proper one to apply to this insect. These
two publications emanating from institutions almost within a
stone’s throw of each other, within the space of a few months,
the one contradicting the other, offer a good illustration of my
bridge building. Probably every fact that was available for
the use of one writer was equally available to the other,
and there was absolutely no excuse for this double change in
the nomenclature of this, one of the most common and import-
ant species with which the economic entomologist has to deal.
Of course no wrong was intended by anyone, but is it any
wonder that the mass of people get disgusted with these things
and young students discouraged? If this keeps up, notices of
changes in nomenclature will have to be sent out by wire or
phone ; the usual method of publishing these is certainly too
slow. Of course there will be the danger of head-on collisions,
between priorities while in transit, and two may reach an en-
tomologist at the same time and leave the poor recipient utterly
befogged as to which to follow. I have noticed that, even now,
when entomologists greet each other, instead of the genial
hello, which I have heard ring out so full and jolly, for so
many years, there is an air of abstraction ; a seriousness as of
long and careful meditation, as they meet and ask each other
which nomenclature they intend to follow, that of Smith or
that of Dyar? The fact is, modern entomological nomencla-
ture has become more literary than scientific, but if it could
only be placed where it properly belongs and kept there until
the really scientific results could be separated from the envelo-
ping obscurity, it would be a decided advantage. The trou-
ble at present is not that all systematic entomologists are fail-
ing to do good substantial work, because this is not true, but
the difficulty lies in what seems to have come to be an unwrit-
ten law, that we must accept and immediately adopt, the latest

200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’04

revision, regardless of its merits or whether or not it is as good,
better or worse than the one we are already following. It is
doubtful if names that have been in general use for 20 years or
over, and still continue to enable us by their use to indicate
clearly and explicitly certain insects, ought to be changed, so
long as this condition obtains and science is not injuriously
affected thereby. We cannot, for illustration, have two spe-
cies of the same name in the same genus, neither can we have
two genera of the same name, but it seems to me that common
sense ought to figure in science as well as in other things, and
as between two names the one retained that will best fulfill its
mission. In fact, after all has been said, our troubles are
largely of our own making and due to our own stupidity. We
cling tenaciously to our laws of priority, and yet accept,
instantly, the statement of anyone who choses to revise a
genus, group or family. Can there be two courses of action
more diametrically opposite to each other? The trouble is not
that there is too much activity, but in over-publication, based
on under-investigation, and the premature acceptance of re-
sults so obtained. You may call it a case of chronic entomo-
logical indigestion, if you please, and any sort of indigestion
makes cranky men. No one wishes to banish the systema-
tists, or curtail their labors, but there are many of us who
want to see the results tried, or at least tested, before being
compelled to accept them. We want the acceptance to be based
on actual merit and not on the fact that they are the freshest
from the printer. The economic entomologist and the mor-
phologist are fully justified in refusing to accept, at once, |
changes in nomenclature that are not based on actual rearings,
except in cases where the change is so plainly demanded as to
leave no reasonable doubt of its validity. If there was more
conservatism in the acceptance of changes in nomenclature,
there would be less hasty work done and less premature state-
ments published. As it is, an instructor in entomology may
take his class to the woods in the forenoon and show his pupils
a species, which he calls by name, and inform them that he
will expect them to render an account of their observations,
giving the name thereof in class the following morning ; but,

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 201

when morning comes and he receives his mail, he is astounded
to learn that he has just time to revise his nomenclature, and
is obliged to inform his pupils that what was one species yes-
terday is another to-day, and escape explanations the best he
can. He may finish his lecture for the next day very late at
night and find that he must revise it before going to his class
in the morning. In fact, if this thing keeps on and he is a very
deliberate speaker, and the name of the species a very long one,
he may be caught in the midst of it, in mid-air so to speak, in
order to meet the very latest literary revision in a most unnat-
ural nomenclature.

With the morphologist, genera and species imply relation-
ships, to him of the greatest importance, but if these are to be
continually shifted about, retired and again regenerated to suit
the mind of the individual systematists, how is he to make any
progress in his investigations? Again, if the worker in applied
entomology, or the morphologist, puts forth a new fact, it is
accepted on probation and must wait until it has been further
tested before final acceptation, while the opinion of the syste-
matist jumps at once into rank as an authority. Whyso much
precipitation in the one case and not in the other? Why pre-
cipitation at all? The lexicographer will admit new words
only after they have been shown to be necessary, in order to
express certain thoughts or ideas, or to indicate certain objects.
Why not apply this plan to innovations in entomological no-
menclature? In other words, apply the same rules in regard
to discoveries in nomenclature that we do to similar discoveries
in other lines of research ; adopt after proof of correctness and
not before.

Old laws and regulations have inevitably to be amended or
modified, in order to meet changed conditions and require-
ments, and it is one of the most infallible indications of human
progress in jurisprudence when those upon whom the duty de-
volves, rule more and more within the spirit and less and less
in accordance with the mere letter of the law. No law of pri-
ority can be framed to meet every possible exegesis that will
arise, but it would certainly seem that the laws of priority in
entomology might be advantageously modified, and then

202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . [June, ’o4

broadly applied, in a manner to remove at least some of the
present unsatisfactory features. At present there is altogether
too much in systematic work left to the opinion of the individ-
ual, a condition that has never proven for the best in any of
the affairs of human life. An individual may be sincerity and
honesty itself, yet be in the wrong, and with far more fre-
quency than would a comparatively small body, with a wider
range of experience and opinions.

er

An Early Collector in California.
By ForpycE GRINNELL, Palo Alto, Cal.

Pierre Joseph Michel Lorquin was born in Valenciennes,
Northern France, about the year 1800. He entered the Uni-
versity of Douay, graduating with honors, when he entered a
notary’s office as first clerk and rose steadily until he obtained
papers which entitled him to practice his profession. In 1840
he removed to Paris where he was referee in the High Trib-
unal : this was a high office at that time, and the occupant was
of considerable importance. In 1848 the Revolution broke
out and Lorquin applied for a position in Algiers : he obtained
this and took up his residence at that place; this was his first
most important voyage, and here he collected a great amount
of valuable and interesting lepidopterological material.

Hearing of the discovery of gold in California in 1850, he
relinquished his position and set out for the new El Dorado;
but gold was not first in his mind, it was the thought of the
virgin field he would be the first to explore scientifically, and
the number of new things he would be sure to get. He arrived
in 1850 and started for the mines in Tuolumne County, prob-
ably no doubt to practice his profession as a lawyer, as there
was plenty for lawyers to do in those days of ’49. Here he
began his collections. Hesent for his family, and they arriving
in 1852, he set out fora tour of the northern part of Cali-
fornia; from Sacramento he went to Downieville, Plumas
County, Eldorado County, Stockton and Carson City, Nevada.
His excursions were continued in the South where he visited

Los Angeles and San Diego. At the latter place he obtained

—. hg

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 203

Lycena regia or sonorensis. On account of his son’s health,
he returned to San Francisco. The next year, 1854, he
started on another excursion northward and visited Monte
Cristo in Sierra County, Yuba River, Amador County, Cala-
veras County, Mariposa County, south to Fresno County, and
north to Marin County and Sonoma County till 1856. In the
latter year, he started out for Manilla, Philippine Islands, but
came back again in 1861, when he remained one year. In
1862, he left for Cochin China and visited the following places
in turn, always collecting Lepidoptera :—Hong Kong, China,
several islands of the Philippine group, Celebes, Aru Islands,
Ceram, Amboyna, Ternate, Gilolo and Java. In the latter place
he had an attack of fever which compelled him to remain in a
hospital for some time. When he recovered, he returned in
-1870 to Paris. He travelled a little in Southern France and
Spain collecting butterflies and moths. He had prepared to
return to the Philippines again but died hoaly a few days before
he was to start in 1877.

Mr. Lorquin was a medium sized man, and had a very strong
constitution which enabled him to travel everywhere in search
of specimens, always on foot. He was a great pedestrian,
being able to walk long distances without being fatigued. In
his travels in the East Indies, he lived with the natives by
whom he was much helped in his travels and collecting.

Mr. Lorquin is an important character in California Entom-
ology, as almost all the Lepidoptera described from the Pacific
Coast by Boisduval were collected by this man. Dr. Boisdu-
val was Lorquin’s family physician.

In 1852, Dr. Herman Behr and Mr. Lorquin met in San
Francisco and from that time were close friends. Dr. Boisduval
always sent a specimen of each species when he described it
back to Lorquin and these co-types were turned over to Dr.
Behr and are now preserved in the museum of the California
Academy of Sciences. Lorquin also collected other insects, espe-
cially beetles, and one, a cerambycid, is called Calloides lorquinit.

Mr. Lorquin never learned English well enough to converse
very intelligently in it; just before he set out for the Philippines
he told Dr. Behr that it was a shame that he was just on the
point of learning English and now he had to drop the project.

204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’o4

Pierre Joseph Michel Lorquin holds a unique position in
California Entomology as the discoverer of so many of our
species, and will always be thought of in connection with that
noted group of California students of the Lepidoptera —Behr, |
Behrens, Stretch, Henry Edwards and Rivers.

I am indepted to Mr. E. F. Lorquin of San Francisco for
these particulars in regard to his father’s life.

Some Notes Chiefly on the Scarcity of Michigan
Rhopalocera in 1903.
By W. W. NEwcoms, M.D.

Considering the editorial in the last October NEws, and my
own experience during the collecting season of 1903, I have
expected to find some interesting comments in the entomologi-
cal journals on the scarcity of butterflies and other insects.
Up to the present time (April, 1904) little has appeared, but I
am informed that the unusual weather conditions of 1903 have
not been confined to this region alone. Undoubtedly also the
preceding wet cold summer (1902) affected the butterflies last
season.

The essential. weather features in 1903 were as follows:
spring began early with unusual warmth, and both March and
April were advanced for the season. Almost a summer tem-
perature (70°) occured on March 18th. ‘Towards the middle
of May it was abnormally hot and dry, but at the end of that
month it became very wet. June and July for the most part
were wet and cold, and cut down the number of days when —
outdoor observations could be made. August and September
were more nearly normal for those months, except that they
were too cold. |

The scarcity of Rhopalocera was not alone in numbers, but
also in varieties. On July 6th twenty-three species were seen,
the greatest number on any one day throughout the season.
On the other hand, I have walked miles to bring home hardly
a half dozen desirable specimens and to see not twice as many
kinds. In fact, one could consider himself lucky if he saw
seventeen or eighteen varieties in one day.

Such species as D. plexippus, A. bellona, P. tharos, G. inter-

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 205

rogationis, G. comma, G. progne, V. antiopa, P. atalanta, P.
huntera, L. archippus, N. canthus, N. eurytris, S. alope, C.
thoe, L. pseudargiolus, L. comyntas, P. rape and C. philodice,
were, perhaps, little, if any, affected. On the contrary many
others certainly were. In the beginning of its appearance at
the end of June, 4. cybele, while not rare, was considerably
‘less abundant; a few specimens were seen up to as late as
September 6th. 4. aphrodite was decidedly scarcer, while not
one specimen was seen of 4. myrina, a species ordinarily ap-
pearing in moderate numbers. A few examples of P. cardut,
which is not common, were found, and two or three specimens
of ZL. ursula, also uncommon here, were reported. 7: ed-
wardsit, T. calanus, T. titus and C. hypophleas were scarce in
comparison with other years. The Papilios: polyxenes, trotilus,
turnus and cresphontes were also in fewer numbers. The larvee
of the last named species were fairly common on prickly ash in
September and October, but were not so abundant as in some
years. The Hesperidz especially were scarce, and whereas in
other seasons many appeared, few were to be seen of such com-
mon kinds as P. cernes, P. peckius, P. hobomok, etc., and even
the numbers of the little 4. zumztor were somewhat restricted.
The only members of this family at all common were some of
the JVisoniades early in the season—Z. py'lades and £. tityrus.
None of the rarities here, A. zdalia, M. harrisit, P. nycteis, G.
j-album, V. milberti or P. philenor, appeared at all. The ob-
servations made above are for Detroit. In Oakland County,
25 or 30 miles northwest of Detroit, two or three specimens
each of A. myrina and P. nycteis were reported. JL. ursula is
also more common there, and I saw six—four in July and two
on September 14th.

If, however, the usual numbers failed to appear there was
some compensation in finding five species whose presence was
previously unknown to me, although I have been more or less
familiar with the butterflies in this vicinity for fifteen years.
The first surprise was on May 12th, when three specimens of
Thecla trus var. arsace were taken. They were flying at the
edge of an oak woods bordering a road and alighted on some low
vegetation where they were easily caught. A return to the

206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’o4.

same spot three and again nine days later failed to show any
others, except possibly one uncaught suspect. On July 3rd, a
male of Pamphila dion was taken, and on the 6th two others,
a male anda female. These large handsome Pamphilas were
found adjacent toa marsh. On July 12th, at Clarkston (Oak-
land County), I found one somewhat worn Zudamus bathyllus,
the third addition to the list. The form invariably found at
Detroit has been py/ades. On July 13th, also at Clarkston, I
saw fluttering above some grass and clover a small yellow but-
terfly which I supposed was a dwarfed C. philodice until it was
caught. It proved to be Zevias lisa. On September rst, a
second specimen was taken in Detroit, and on September 21st,
a third one at Clarkston. Two others were also taken in De-
troit, but not by myself. The fifth addition was /uzonia cenia,
which personally I have never been fortunate enough to ob-
serve here. One was reported to me as caught on August
1oth, others were seen about the same day and still another
was observed on October 4th, but, although I searched dili-
gently for them in August, I could discover none.

Of further interest was the discovery of a locality where, in
a favorable summer, Melitea pheton promises to be abundant.
Heretofore, I have seen only three specimens which were taken
in separate years. ‘This season I caught nine and saw several
others. I would mention also finding one larva of P. ajax, the
first one known to me to be taken here. Pawpaw is found in
small patches in only a few localities near Detroit, but, never-
theless I usually see a limited number of ajax butterflies every
summer; this year about ten. When in Ann Arbor a few
years ago, the month of May usually showed a few of the but-
terflies. Doubtless this region (Detroit, Ann Arbor) is close
to the northern range of ajax, probably only because the paw-
paw does not extend farther northward. ;

It must not be presumed that I consider the cold, wet weather
as accounting for the finding of the additional species. Rather
it is due to seeking new localities and to more frequent and
persistent hunting when there seemed to be little to reward’
one’s efforts, perhaps one advantage of an unfavorable season.
It seems strange, however, that the presence of 7: /ésa should:
not have been brought to my notice before, but I have speci-
mens of C. philodice, for which as far as size is concerned could
easily be mistaken for it. Again, it is interesting that the only
J. cenia caught was by a beginner. Doubtless another summer
will show still other species not previously observed, and I am
looking for additions, especially among the Hesperidze and the
Theclas and possibly some southern strays.

~ June, ’04) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 207

Micro-Lepidoptera—Suggestions.

By W. D. KEARFOTT.
(Continued from p. 169, Vol. xv, No. 5.)

Part I1l.—Breeding (continued ).

Common jelly-glasses, with tight tin covers, make very good
breeding-jars for the house. I also use several sizes of screw-
top jars of the style as shown by
Fig. 18. They are made in a num-
ber of sizes ranging from small ones
of an ounce capacity up to large
ones about six inches tall by three
inches inches in diameter. The par-
ticular advantage of both the com-
mon jelly-glasses and the screw-top
jars is that they have no inside ribs
or ledges to gather dirt or for the
larvee to spin their food-plant to and
prevent its easy removal for clean-
ing, etc.

For convenience of handling, a
few shallow trays should be made,
just wide enough to hold a glass or
jar, and about twelve or fifteen
inches long. For the longer vials
(Fig. 17), racks such as are used
for holding rows of test-tubes are

very convenient.

It is well to go over the material collected as soon as possi-
ble after returning from a trip, taking one vial or box at a
time and carefully drawing out with forceps the small clusters
of leaves that may have been packed in too tightly for comfort,
and placing them in a jar of suitable size, so that the contents
will not more than half fill it. Then write on a slip of paper
date, place and food-plant; use pencil always, the dampness
will make an undecipherable blot of ink. Leaves of firm text-
ure, such as those of the hardwood trees, can be closed up
tight without danger of sweating or mold, but some of the

208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’04

softer leaves, especially of succulent annual weeds, are apt to
get too wet; and if drops of water are observed on the inside
of the glass, remove the tin cover and close the top with a
piece of cheese-cloth held on by a rubber band. A day or two
of drying out is sufficient-

Each jar should be examined every day, both for the pur-
pose of seeing if any moths have emerged and to see that the
condition of the larve is healthy,—in other words clean.
After a very little experience, it will be easy to observe when
the food is becoming stale or soggy or that too much damp-
ness is accumulating on the leaves or bottom of jar, all of
which will lead to mold and sickness. ‘Then the larvee must
be changed to entirely fresh food and a clean jar. Selecta
duplicate of the one they were in and place in it a moderate
quantity of the food-plant ; then dump out the contents of the
old jar on a large sheet of clean paper, and with fine forceps
carefully examine every fragment, picking up each larva deli-
cately with the forceps,—which will not hurt him if not
squeezed too tightly,—and drop him on the leaves in the fresh
jar. Should any pupz be found, it will be better to place
them in a separate jar or vial, where they need not be disturbed
again; but be sure and write a duplicate label, so that the
identity will not be lost.

The great majority of the larve taken in the early part of
the summer, up to the middle of July, will emerge as moths
within one to three weeks after transforming to pupe. Some
of those taken later than this will live as larvee or pupe all
winter; and species hibernating in this state must be kept
out-of-doors under as nearly natural conditions as possible.

I have left to the end the subject of making notes and record-
ing observations of all larve that are bred, as it is really the
most useful and important part of the whole work. ‘The life-
histories and habits of our North American species of Micro-
Lepidoptera are so little known that up to this time less than
twenty per cent. have been described. So this field is one of
the easiest in nature in which a collector just starting can find
lots of room for original work.

My method is as follows :—On the slip of paper in encla jar
~ I write a number, and in a note-book (card index cards are bet-

a

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 209

ter) record the same number at the top of the page or card, with
date and place and name or description of food-plant ; if the
latter is unknown, press a piece and send to your nearest bo-
tanical friend for determination ; with your breeding number
on the label.

Then on the card make a description as full as possible of the
larva, noting shape, color, stripes and spots on the body, color
and spots (if any) on head, thoracic shield and legs. State its
habits, whether it crumples, folds or curls leaf, or lives in
stems or fruit, and anything that seems interesting about it.

If you can observe date of pupation, make record of it and,
of course, when moth emerges do the same.

Put this same number on everything that issues from this
particular jar. There will be Dipterous and Hymenopterous
parasites; it is just as likely that they are unknown, or at
least have never been bred, so your record of their ‘‘ hosts’’ will
be of value. The pupa and cocoon should also be preserved,
and if a sample of the twisted leaf, etc., can be saved, both
should bear the same breeding number. It is well to put the
initial of your name in front of this series of numbers, as K.
- 427, to distinguish your bred material from other specimens
in your collection that may happen to have miscellaneous num-
bers on them.

It may not be well to undertake too much at once ; but after

SSS
NY —Scwtren

=

10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’o4.

this work is well started, you will want to preserve a specimen
of each different kind of larva. Any method of preserving in
liquids is objectionable, owing to difficulty of taking care of
numberless bottles and the great trouble of studying the speci-
men so enclosed. I use an ordinary larva-inflating oven and
apparatus, the same as is used for large caterpillars, and as
shown by Fig. 19. The only difference in blowing large or
small ones is that, for the little ones, the glass tubes must be
pulled out to a very fine point. When ready to inflate, I
take the alcohol lamp from under the oven and place it before
me on the desk and, holding a glass tube by both ends, heat
the middle of it in the lamp-flame ; when, and not until, it is
a dull red, I give both ends a quick pull, which leaves two very
fine hair-like points; repeat this until you have enough.
Place the lamp back under the oven, so that it will be warmed
up for the next operation.

Then pick up a larva and drop him for a moment in a tiny
glass of alcohol, and as soon as he is motionless, lift him up
and lay on end of forefinger of left hand, with anal end up;
then very gently, with thumb or pencil, squeeze the contents
through the anal opening ; a sharp knife to scrape this away
as fast as it appears will prevent discoloring the skin.

Still holding the deflated skin between thumb and forefinger
of left hand, pick up a glass tube, wet the point to prevent stick-
ing, and carefully insert in anal opening. Then for a second or
two hold in the oven, which will cause the skin to stick fast to
the tube. Then stick the big end of the glass tube in the rub-
ber tube connecting to the double bulb, and give the latter the
least bit of a squeeze, and if everything has been properly
done, the skin of the larva will spring out rounded and full
size. Then, still keeping up light pressure on bulb, place in
oven for a minute or two, until the skin is hard.

With a pair of sharp scissors, snip off the glass tube about
a sixteenth to an eighth of an inch behind the larva.

To mount, draw a number six pin through a small block of
cork about a quarter of an inch square, then at right angles
to the big pin stick a Minutien-Nadin through until the point
_ comes out the other side a quarter of an inch or more. Touch
the point of the Minutien-Nadln with thin shellac and care-

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 211

fully raise the larva and stick the point in broken-off’ end
of glass tube. Label with usual locality label and breeding
number. Of course, the same tube can be used many times,
by holding the broken tips of two over the flame together,
which will fuse them ; let them cool a moment, and then heat
a little back from the junction and draw out a new point.

As soon as the name of the bred specimen can be obtained,
it should be written on the card, containing its life-history,
and from time to time the facts should be published. The
* Editor of the NEws is hungry for just such original notes.
My services are freely offered here as elsewhere, and if any
collectors care to send me, in the fall after the breeding sea-
son is over, their notes and specimens, it will be a pleasure to
identify the latter and put the former into shape for the printer,
of course, giving full credit to the collector.

The space limitations prohibit a very elaborate explanation
of every detail of the work which has been outlined in a gen-
eral way in this series of articles, and naturally some essential
points have been overlooked ; for instance, the proper height
at which the insects should be placed on the pins, which, in the
case of Kirby No. 1 pins, should be at such a height that three-
quarters to seven-eighths of an inch of the pin is below the
thorax. This will make the plane or flat surfaces of the wings,
when spread, about one inch above the point of the pin.
Minutien-Nadln should be stuck clear through the thorax,
leaving only about an eighth of an inch of the head or blunt
end above it,—just enough to grasp with the forceps; this
will leave the greater part below the insect, where all the
length possible is required for pinning on setting-boards and
through the double mount. Mr. Merrick calls my attention
to this omission, and also adds that the tin portable moth
trays, made from his plans, should be rivetted together and
not soldered. Experience with solder on several occasions
was disastrous.

As the majority of the readers of this are well aware, Mr.
Merrick has a large heart and kindly disposition ; hence, any-
one wanting to know more about the traps of his invention will
receive full advice and direction by addressing him.

My collection of all of the families of Micro-Lepidoptera is

212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (June, ’o4

very complete and well worked up; in fact, some groups con-
tain a larger proportion of named species than any other col-
lection in North America ; hence I am always willing and glad
to name small or large lots of specimens for new or old
correspondents, and invite correspondence from any and every
one who may be or who may become interested in this very
fascinating study, and advice or assistance can always be had
for the asking, both in regard to the collecting and rearing,
as briefly discussed in these papers, and as well the identifying
of specimens.

The electrotypes of Figs. 17 and 18 were loaned by Messrs.
Whitall, Tatum & Co., and of Fig. 19 by the Kny-Scheerer
Co. All of the special apparatus referred to in these Sug-
gestions can be purchased at reasonable prices from the dealers
who advertise in the NEws.

On Ropronia garmani Ashm.
By J. CHESTER BRADLEY, Ithaca, N. Y.
(With Plate XIV.)

As no species of this anomalous and highly interesting genus
has been figured, I thought that a figure of the undescribed
female of R. garmani might prove of considerable interest to
those who have not been fortunate enough to see actual speci-
mens. The genus was originally described by Provancher
from FR. pediculata, 9. It has been variously placed in the
Evaniidze, Braconidze, etc., and now Dr. Ashmead places it in
the subfamily Monomachinze of the family Heloridze, thus
allying it with the equally anomalous European genus J/ono-
machus, ‘This is probably the nearly correct position, although
the ovipositor in my specimen does not seem at all that of a
Proctotrypoid insect. Provancher originally placed the genus
among the Braconide, but later transferred it to the Helorine,
The general appearance is like that of an Avanda, for which a
person could readily mistake it, as I did, in the field. The
insertion of the abdomen between and slightly above the coxze
quickly undeceives one, however. As the female is undescribed,
I append a description in full. There are three species which
have been treated in a paper on the genus in the Proc. Entom.
Soc. of Washington, iv, p. 132. Dr. Ashmead, in his ‘‘ Clas-

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 213

sification of the Proctotrypoidea,’’ Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., x,
P- 243, Dec. 1902, states that the claws of JMJonomachine are
simple, using this character with others to separate them from
the Helorine. My specimen, however, has the claws pectinate.
Dr. Ashmead, at my request, kindly re-examined his specimen
and found that the posterior claws had two small teeth beneath,
the others being apparently simple. As the claws are very
small and the teeth quite difficult to detect, it is probable, how-
ever, that they are all really pectinate, as in my specimen.
Dr. Ashmead also informs me that the spelling Roptronia used
in his paper is an error.

The photograph of the insect was very kindly made for me
by Prof. M. V. Slingerland.

Ropronia garmani Ashmead.
Q.—Entirely black except front and middle tibie and tarsi. Head,

seen from above, transversely quadrate; cheeks broad; mandibles
bidentate, the inner lobe much the longer; clypeus broadly transverse,
the anterior margin rounded, slightly and very broadly marginate ; anten-
nz inserted in the centre of the frons, in a depression between the promi-
nent eyes, the distance between the bases of the antennz approximately
equal to the distance between the base of each antennz and its corres-
‘ponding eye; thirteen joints are present in the specimen, but the apical
one or two are broken off, so that there should be fourteen or fifteen, the
scape is considerably shorter than the third joint ; the antennz are thick-
ened toward the apex of the third joint and taper to their apex ; the three
ocelli are placed close together in the centre of the vertex, two on a line
and the third in the centre and front ; head entirely covered with a grise-
ous pubescence, longer on the cheeks and front, close-cropped and
scarcely noticeable on the vertex ; antennz clothed rather thickly with
brown hairs ; mandibles clothed with white hairs, punctate ; clypeus and
frons coarsely punctate; vertex evenly and finely punctate in front,
transversely wrinkled behind the ocelli. Neck short, so that head is
borne in juxtaposition to the thorax. Thorax narrower than the head ;
pronotum restricted to a narrow bar in front and extending laterally to
the tegulz, a prominent ridge separating it in front from the pleura which
extend around and meet each other in front of and at right angles with
the pronotum; mesonotum well developed, the parapsidal grooves
deeply impressed ; scutellum and post-scutellum well developed, the
the latter but slightly shorter than the former ; each axilla produced into
a lateral projecting tooth, prominent as seen from in front; propodium
tapering convexly to the insertion of the petiole ; sides of thorax irregu-
larly subreticulated with a smooth patch on the mesopleura ; pro- and
meso-notum evenly punctured, posterior dorsal sclerites more roughly

214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’04

reticulated ; entire thorax more or less sparingly griseo-pubescent. Wings
hyaline, nervures brown; arrangement of nerves as shown in the figure
in fore wing; the hind wing acute at apex and without a separate anal
lobe, anal furrow well marked; costal and subcostal nervures distinct
but closely parallel, forming, especially toward the point where they
finally coalesce, just before the hooks of the wing, a distinct though very
narrow costal cell, which may be turned over so as to be indistinguish-
able from a side view ; the only other nervure, arising beyond the base
of the subcosta, bifurcating shortly beyond its origin and extending each
- fork to the margin, is shown in the figure. The tarsi and more or less of
the tibiz of the front and middle legs are yellow, the rest black ; pos-
terior and middle tibiz with two apical spurs ; tarsi five-jointed ; claws
with three distinct pectinations beneath. Petiole two-thirds the length
ef the thorax ; abdomen highly compressed laterally ; the second joint
very large, longer than the petiole, remaining joints short, all of them
together less than the second joint ; abdomen smooth and highly polished,
the apical margin of each joint finely punctured; ovipositor short,
straight, or curved slightly dorsad, and exserted from a distinctly ventral
position, pointing dorsad, The ventral and dorsal segments of the abdo-
men appear of approximately equal size from a lateral view. Length 9mm.

The writer took one female, July 1, 1903, at Cobb’s Creek,
‘Delaware Co., Pa. It is now in his own collection.

New Forms of Exotic Papilionidae.
By Greorcr A. Eurman, Pittsburg, Pa.

While rearranging my collection of Papilionidze, which con-
sists of nearly three thousand specimens from all parts of the
world, I find a few representatives that are new to science,
and which will be, I am glad to say, of much interest to the
student who finds as much beauty in the exotics as some of
our entomologists do in our native species.

Ornithoptera ritseme# Snell., n. var. tantalus.

Male.—An extreme form of O. ritseme ; the upper side of the apical
parts of the forewings is much more suffused with yellowish rays than is
found in the typical form of this sex of this species. The hind wings have
in the submedian space in each cell (the cell between the costal and sub-
costal nervures being excepted) a large, elongated, black-suffused spot,
and the crimson collar is absent ; these three points of difference make
this form very conspicuous.

This interesting form was collected by Herr John Watersttadt
in the German possessions of North Borneo, and through whose

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 215

untiring energy the writer is indebted for much material from
that part of the world.
Habitat, Kala Bula Hills, N. Borneo. Type, Ehrmann Coll.

Ornithoptera cambyses n. sp.

Male.—Allied to O. darius Gray ; but the forewings are more falcate
at the apex than in that species, and the hindwings have a more delicate
yellow color (similar to O. andromache Staud.), and in each cell there is
a small, black, oval spot 4 mm. in diameter ; this row of spots is on the
submarginal inner space, and gives to this species a very odd appearance.

I received this species some time ago from a Mr. Knechtel,
who had received it in a small sending from a friend who
resided at Columbo, Ceylon.

Habitat, Columbo, Ceylon. Type, Ehrmann Collection.

Papilio klagesi n. sp.

Female.—Upper side of head, thorax, body and antenne are smoky
black. Forewings, the outer half is semi-transparent, becoming more
opaque toward the outer margin; the inner or basal half is deep velvety
black ; on the fascia between veins one and three is a white quadrate-
shaped spot, one-eighth inch wide and three-sixteenths of an inch long.
Hind wings are of a uniform deep velvety black ; there is a row of five
bright pinkish spots in the middle area extending from the abdominal
margin to the apex, the first beginning at the abdominal margin is tri-
angulate, the second and third are oblong, the second being the longest,
one-eighth by one-sixteenth of an inch in size. Spots four and five are
almost round, spot four is one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, while
number five is but one-thirty-second of an inch in diameter, dentations
obscure.

Underside—There is a small red spot on the prothorax and three very
faint spots of the same color near the base of the wings, the two segments
nearest the thorax have also slight indications of a red spot on each side
of them ; the legs are black, all wings the same as above but of a lighter
shade. Expansion, one and four-fifths inches.

This very interesting species of Papilio I consider of great
importance, as it shows a transition between the echelus Hubn.
and chabrias Hew. groups, and up to the present time it is the
smallest species known. This little creature was discovered
by Mr. Edw. A. Klages at Suapure, Venezuela, South America,
and seemed of the greatest rarity, as the writer has been in-
formed by that gentleman that he saw but two examples dur-
ing his whole sojourn in the tropics. Type in Ehrmann Coll.

216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’04

Thaumatoneura Again (Odonata).
By PuHirip P. CALVERT.

Mr. F. D. Godman has recently acquired for the Biologia
Centrali-Americana six males of this genus, taken at Carrillo,
Costa Rica, by Mr. C. F. Underwood. Four are 7. znopinata
McLachlan, two are new as follows:

Wings with a black or dark brown band for their entire width, from the
nodus or (even a little proximal thereto) to more than half-
way to the pterostigma; no transverse pale citron band on

frons OF nNaSUS) 6s ja5¢ 46s ede inopinata.
Wings uncolored ; a transverse pale citron band on nasus and on frons
connecting the yellow genal spots ...... pellucida n. sp.

FPellucida does not differ in the appendages, nor do the un-
colored wings indicate a mere age-difference, for not only is no
trace of a dark band visible, but both individuals are pruinose
on head, thorax, base and apex of abdomen. Mid-dorsal tho-
racic carina yellow, abdominal segments 3-5 largely brown.
Abdomen 56.5-58, has wing 47 mm.

Lnopinata also has the mid-dorsal thoracic carina yellow
(this part of the thorax was damaged in the type). ‘Three
males, with pruinose on pectus and apex of abdomen, have 3-5
brown in basal four-fifths, black in apical fifth and narrowly
at base; remaining male with 3-5 all black. Width and con-
tours of black bands on wings variable. Abdomen 58-59, hind
wing 47-49 mm.

In all six males.—Antenodals on front wings 3, except 4 on
left side of one pellucida ; on hind wings 3, except 2 on right side
of one zzopinata, 4 on left side of one zzopinata and on right side
of one pellucida. Quadrilateral free, except for a single cross-
vein on right hind wing of one zzopinata. Two submedian cross-
veins, except 3 (2 of them under quadrilateral) on right hind
wing of one zzopinata. Subnodal sector begins (a) proximal to
nodus on left hind wing of one zzopinaza and left front wing
of one pellucida ; (6) at nodus in four hind wings (two asym-
metrical) of zzopinata, and right front and right hind wings
of one fellucida ; (c) distal to nodus on all front wings (eight)
and three hind wings (asymmetrical) of zzopinaia, on all four -
wings of one e//ucida and on left hind wing of the other pellucida.

Bibliography.—McLachlan, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) viii, pp. 130-131, 1897.
Calvert, /. ¢., xiii, pp. 29-32, 1902; Biol. Cent. Am. Neur., p. 58, pl. iii,
figs. 16, 21, 27, Igor.

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 217

New Meloidae from Arizona.
By HENRY SKINNER.

Calospasta wenzeli n. sp.—-Head red, oval, smooth, median line feebly
impressed, antenne black; thorax longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly;
elytra rich metallic shining blue or green, as individuals differ in color,
clothed with rather long white hairs ; legs red ; abdomen red, with ven-
tral surface green or blue. Length 7-10 mm.

This handsome species is very different from any of the
known forms and is the only species having the head and
thorax concolorous, except mzradilis Horn. It is named after
that unsurpassed collector and master of technic, Mr. H. W.
Wenzel. Numerous specimens were taken at Florence, Ariz.,
August 10, 1903, by C. R. Biederman.

Type in collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

Epicauta abadona n. sp.—Head immaculate, ferruginous; abdomen,
legs and elytra rufo-testaceous ; thorax with an olive green spot, rather
obscure, and two parallel lines which are produced by the absence of pu-
bescence ; three narrow, dark brown vittz, the one nearest the margin
almost obsolete. Length 11-15 mm.

This species comes nearest to lemniscata Fabr., but differs
_ from it in color, the narrower vittee with one nearly obsolete
and the immaculate shining reddish head.

Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona. :

Type in collection Am. Ent. Soc.

Epicauta alastor n. sp.—Head, thorax, elytra, abdomen, femora and
tibiz mouse-color ; antenne and tarsi reddish brown ; there is a very nar-
row dove-colored line running the length of the elytra midway between
the suture and the margin ; the margin and suture are narrowly edged by
the same color. Length 12-16 mm.

This species also resembles /emmnzscata and vittata. _Numer-
ous specimens were received from C. R. Biederman, taken at
Florence, Arizona, August 10, 1903.

We also have specimens from Yuma and Phoenix.

Type in collection Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

Dr. HENRY SKINNER.—If I may be granted preemption in the Parni-
dz, and you will so signify under “‘ Notes and News,’’ I shall be grateful.
Material from the southern and western sections of the U. S. is especially
desired.—W. D. RicHarpDson, P. O. Box 185, Fredericksburg, Va.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]

To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy ”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1904.

The following has been received from Mr. Merrick, and the matter is
of considerable importance to those active in exchanging. We trust that
those interested will promptly reply, so that the result may be published
in the News.

“‘T do not know how my suggestion will be received by the fraternity of
bugdom, but as it appears to me to be a matter of some importance, will
risk a statement of it, in hopes it may result in some good to all of us.
In view of the fact that we have two new check-lists, differing very materi-
ally and published almost simultaneously, and also the fact that some
have arranged their collection in accord with one, and some with the
other, and further in view of the fact that ‘exchanges’ are almost exclu-
sively made by the use of check-list numbers, can not some plan be
devised by which we can all use the same list for our exchange numbers?

‘‘! have been the recipient of list-numbers during the past winter as per
Smith 1891, Smith 1903, and Dyar 1903. In two of the three cases I found
it quite a complicated and tedious matter to translate them into my list of
numbers. As each one has preferred to use the numbers he has adopted,
and this would accomplish no reform, could we not all agree to adopt the
list for exchanging that is now used by the greatest number?

‘‘The collecting season is about to open (let us hope and pray), and
next fall, when we are arranging our duplicates, would be an excellent
time to make the change to uniformity.

‘‘Let us all vote by postal card as to his or her choice of lists, and the
minority change their exchange numbers to accord with the majority.
The votes may be sent to our worthy Editor or, if leisure does not serve
in his case, the writer * will gladly receive and tabulate them and pub-
lish the result through the News. This does not require any resetting of
our collections, which would meet with most decided opposition, but
simply uniformity of exchange numbers. Respectfully submitted ‘for
the good of the order.’ What say ‘you all?’ Let us have an expression
of opinion.””—F RANK A. MERRICK.

* Please send replies to Mr. F. A. Merrick, 1453 Third Ave., New
Brighton, Pa.

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 219

Entomological Literature.

HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION. Vols viii andix. Insects, Parts one
and two. New York, Doubleday, Page & Company, 1904.

These two sumptuous volumes are parts of a series describing the
‘Harriman Expedition to Alaska. The work is edited by C. Hart Merriam.
The insects were collected by Prof. Trevor Kincaid of the University of
Washington at Seattle, who.was entomologist to the expedition. The
material collected was sent to various specialists to be studied and reported
on, as follows: Arachnida, Nathan Banks ; Myriapoda, O. F. Cook ; Ap-
terygota, J. W. Folsom; Orthoptera, A. N. Caudell; Aphididz, Theo.
Pergande ; Homoptera, W. H. Ashmead ; Heteroptera, O. Heidemann ;
Odonata, R. P. Currie; Neuropteroid Insects, Nathan Banks ; Coleop-
tera, E. A. Schwarz; Metamorphoses of Alaska Coleoptera, Trevor
Kincaid ; Lepidoptera, H. G. Dyar; Diptera, D. W. Coquillett; Ten-
thredinoidea, Trevor Kincaid ; Sphegoidea, Trevor Kincaid ; Formicidz.
Theo. Pergande; Hymenoptera, W. H. Ashmead. These volumes rep-
resent a fine piece of bookmaking and a splendid piece of faunal work.
‘They lay the foundation for the future in regard to Alaska insects. One
of the first things that attract attention is the phenomenal work done by
Prof. Kincaid in a comparatively short time. His studies in the meta-
morphoses of Coleoptera also makes a most valuable contribution to an
important but little investigated subject. Dr. Ashmead’s paper on the
Hymenoptera is also an important one, two hundred and thirty-seven new
species being made known. Sixty-three new species of Diptera were
described by Mr. Coquillett. Mr. Harriman has done a noble work for
science in fitting out the expedition and making known so much of inter-
est about a comparatively little explored country. This fine work will
undoubtedly stimulate a great interest in the entomology of Alaska.—H. S.

Notes and News.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

THE NEws is not published for July or August.

Mr. KEARFOTT’s method of using a test-tube for killing Micro-Lepi-
doptera (described in April News) suggests to me that a description of
my poison-tubes may be valuable. I use what is known as a tube-vial,
made of clear white glass, with flat bottom, without neck and for a cork
“stopper. The latter is perfectly tight and handier than ascrew-top. A
convenient size is 60 mm. in height and 23 mm. in diameter. I also
employ a few larger tubes, 75 mm. in height and 25 mm. in diameter, and
for the Tineidz a smaller tube than 23 mm. in diameter can be used. I
usually carry eight of these tubes into the field with me, and for conveni-
ence in carrying I have made what might be termed atube-case. I make

220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’04

this as follows: I take an old handkerchief and cut two strips, in width
the length of a tube. Between these strips I sew a thin layer of cotton
and then cover each tube with the strips so as to form a cylinder, in and ~
out of which the tube can be easily drawn. I close the bottom of the cyl-
inder by turning in a little of the strips and securing with a few stitches.
I sew four (a convenient number) of the cylinders together side by side
in a row. I then cover the whole, except the top where the tubes are
removed, by a piece of brown denim. The top of the tube-case comes
to within about three-eighths of an inch of the tops of the tubes, thus with
the addition of the part of the corks above the tubes, there is given ample
room to grasp the tubes in removing or replacing the same. The advant-
ages of this arrangement are that four tubes instead of one can be kept
in the same side coat or hip pocket as desired ; the waste space of a long
test-tube is avoided, and any one of the four tubes is at hand when needed.
One can have as many tube-cases as he desires and they may be of dif-
ferent sizes for different sized tubes; I use at least three. In Detroit the
physicians’ supply houses do not keep them, but they can be obtained of
Bausch and Lomb for about fifty cents a dozen, depending on the size.
These tubes are charged with cyanide, and I have found them very con-
venient for taking Lycaenidae, many of the Hesperidz and Geometridae,
Pyralidz, etc. The same principle can be employed with larger tubes
for Lepidoptera the size of Colias, Satyrus and a large number of Noc-
tuide.—W. W. Newcomps, M.D.

A PaLaarctic Notonrecta.—No/onecta lutea Miller has been here-
tofore known in the Old World only. It was described by this author in
‘*Zoologia Dan. Prodromus,”’ in 1776. This work is not known to me,
so cannot give the type locality. F. X. Fieber, in his ‘‘ Rhyncotograph- -
ieen’”’ (1851), states that it occurs in Sweden, Austria, and Bohemia, in

. Europe; and in Asia, gives Barnaul and Irtish in Siberia as localities.
According to Kirkaldy, it occurs in Tammati, Finland, as well as in
Bohemia and Siberia. In his ‘‘Synopsis Amphibicorisarum et Hydro-
corisarum Fenniz,” 1875, p. 275, Prof. John Sahlberg comments on this
waterbug as follows :

‘‘Rather rare, but scattered all over Finland. I have found it farther
north, near Sonostroff, in the southern part of Russian Finland (66°).
Near Helsingfors it is rather common in clayey soils. It is distributed
through Northern and Central Europe and Siberia.”

However, what is most interesting in regard to Nofonecta lutea is its
distribution, and I now record it for the first time from America. It came
to me with a number of other Notonectas from the Upper Columbia Val-
ley, British Columbia. It is evident that we have here a true Palzearctic
Hemipteron of wide distribution. The only other aquatic bug known to
me to have a similar range is our common Gerris (Limnoporus) rufoscu-
tellatus, which extends across Northern Europe and Siberia, and through
British Columbia, down to Pennsylvania on the Atlantic coast.

June, ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 221

Notonecta lutea Mil\. is about the size and shape of Wofonecta irrorata
Uhler, but somewhat more convex in appearance, the dorsum being
strongly arched. It approaches the latter bug also in the shape of the
head and notocephalic outline. However, the entirely luteous color
except in the costal margin of the corium, which has a dark strip, will at
once distinguish it. In a paper in preparation will be given tables for
separation of this insect and the other members of the genus.—J. R. DE
LA TORRE BUENO, New York, N. Y.

I HAVE: read with interest the comments and criticisms of Holland’s
Moth Book, and would like to add a few more of my own.

Plate xxiv, fig. 34, is diffusa, not albilinea. Pl. xxvi, figs. 8 and 9g,
should be reversed both in the reference to plate and also in the text.
Fig. 5 of same plate is not imgucesita. It is tmpecuniosa.

Plate xxx, fig. 15, is most probably erechtea instead of crassiuscula,
Plate xxii, figs. 23 and 26, represent 2 and °§ Feltia volubilis. This is
all correct, only that, as the gray form is represented in one figure and
the red-brown form in the other, it would give the novice the idea that
the difference in color indicated the sex, which it does not, for I have
both sexes in both colors. By the way, why has no varietal name been
used to separate these very distinct forms? Hundreds of species much
less worthy of such distinction have been named. Morrison, I believe,
considered them to be distinct species, and named the dark form sfig-
mosa. Why can’t this be used to-day? They are as well marked and

~ separate as any two forms that I know of.

On page 337 Holland perpetuates Dyar’s singular mistake in making
Epelis faxonti a synonym of £. ¢truncataria. There seems no good rea-
son for such a mistake, for the two species are not at all alike.

On page 132, I cannot accept without protest his lumping Apantesis
nats, vittata, phalerata and radians as forms of one thing, and dropping
the name zazs entirely. 1 have never seen one of which I had any doubt
as to its identity. He says he has bred all forms from the same larve.
I don’t believe he ever got moths with black costa from parents with
yellow costa. The black costa separates mais at a glance when other
marks fail.

I also do not believe that Apantesis rectilinea and phyllira are any-
thing more than forms of one thing, and yet Holland, following Dyar’s
list, has placed such totally unlike things as avge, achaia, virguncu/a,-
etc., between them. They differ in nothing except in the presence or
or absence of white veins in fore wings, and this is a very variable quan-
tity, and with specimens enough I feel sure a complete gradation from
one to the other could be shown.

There are many other minor errors of locality and orthography that I
might mention, but this is already too long, so I will refrain from further
comments.—E. J. Situ, Natick, Mass. -

222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '04.

Tortricips or NortH AMERICA.—Will purchase large or small col-
lections from all localities. Or will name and return promptly all known
species, for privilege of retaining for study unknown species. Special
object, publication of monographic work illustrating every species in
color.—W. D. Kearrott, Montclair, N. J.

I NoTICE your plan regarding the announcements of work of special
groups, and it strikes me as a very good one indeed. I may state that I
have a synopsis of the Aradidz for America north of Mexico in prepara-
tion and have in hand nearly all of the described species for this region.
I would be glad to see specimens from different localities or receive
locality records, and would be especially glad to see specimens of Aradus
ampliatus Uhler, abbas Berg., dbreviatus Berg., Aneurus politus Say,
inconstans Uhler, and simplex Uhler.—HERBERT OsBorn, Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio.

THE infant son, two years old, of the famous entomologist, Prof. Nomen-
clature, had importuned his paternal relative for an additional piece of
mince pie. Unfortunately his digestion was not equal to the task and the
peripheral nerve endings in his ileum were irritated and reflexly caused
nightmare. The infant’s father was awakened by his mutterings and was
amazed to hear him describe a curious insect with nine legs, two heads,
four bodies and three and a half antenne. He even detected a name
which sounded like Piea mincea. The father described the insect in the
next issue of the ‘‘ Weekly Entomologist,’’ and the generic and specific
name appeared as Piea mincea Willie. This has all been predicted, but
we must confess Prof. Nomenclature did not use much discrimination in
adopting such methods of description, and especially such an inappro-

priate name. A name more accurately describing the insect would have.

been an improvement. See Can. Ent., xxxvi, 82, 1904.

ANOTHER WRONG DETERMINATION IN HoOLLAND’s Motu. Boox.—
This time itis one of Prof. Smith’s Noctuids and one of our most common
species. Fig. 15 on plate xxx is labelled Drasteria crassiuscula %, but
itis the male of D. erechtea, the former species not being illustrated in
either sex. This wrong determination has caused at least one collector
trouble in trying to arrange his captures. When all have contributed
their ‘‘ mites’’ in the way of corrective determinations for the beautiful
and valuable plates in Holland’s Moth Book, I hope.some one will arrange
a list of such corrections.—M. V. SLINGERLAND.

Tue Post Orrice here has been changed from East End to East Falls
Church, Virginia ; express at Falls Church. Please note this change in
my address as it is causing heaps of trouble. —NATHAN BANKS.

Mr. CHARLES SCHAFFER of the Brooklyn Institute will revisit the
Brownsville, Texas, region at a different season this year, thus hoping to
get species not taken on a previous journey.

June, ’04] _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 223

Doings of Societies.

At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social, held April
20th, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 South 13th
Street, Philadelphia, twelve persons were present.

Mr. H. W. Wenzel-exhibited oak twigs gathered on April
3rd, at Anglesea, N. J., infested by a small Hymenopterous
insect, which seemed to confine itself to the young shoots of
the trees. It belongs to the Cynipide. In reply to Mr. Har-
beck, Mr. Wenzel stated that the color of Cephennium corporo-
sum is quite variable in immature specimens.

Mr. Wenzel gave an account of an examination of muskrat
nests at Anglesea, N. J. Sifting of the débris from several
nests revealed only a small species of Phzlonthus. ‘These nests
were newly built, and he thought that later in the season they
might contain more species of insects.

Mr. Boerner showed his collection of weevils.

Mr. Laurent spoke briefly on his recent Florida trip.

Mr. Boerner reported the capture of Rhebdoscelis tenuts at
Gloucester, N. J., on July rst.

3 WILLIAM J. Fox, Secretary.

The eleventh regular quarterly meeting of the Pacific
Coast Entomological Society was held on the evening of
February 20, 1904, at the residence of Miss Julia Wright,
2329 Pacific Avenue, Alameda, California. President Charles
Fuchs in the Chair. Eleven members responded to roll call.
Twelve visitors were present. One new member was elected.

Mr. Charles Fuchs read a paper on the ‘‘ Habits and Value
of the Coccinellide.’’ Mr. Fordyce Grinnell followed with a
short biographical sketch of Pierre Joseph Michel Lorquin,
‘*An Early California Collector.’’ Mr. L. E. Ricksecker
stated that Dromeolus californicus (Elateride, subfamily
Eucneminz) is found on Spruce, while the food plant of
Dromeolus hospitalis is the Alder.

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke stated that he found both D. humeralis
and californicus on pine and spruce, and that Douglass’ spruce
is probably the food plant.

224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’o4

Mr. Francis X. Williams stated that he found the weather
very cold in June at Echo Lake, Shasta County, California.
Took a number of Carabidz and Buprestidee. A few Lepidop-
tera— Thecla dumetorum, Lycena podarce, and Sphinx per-
elegans. ‘The country is rocky above the Coniferous belt, the
Manzanitas predominating. Chionobas were taken there.

Miss Julia Wright exhibited a box of Tasmanian Coleoptera
and F. W. Nunenmacher //ylotrupes ligneus and Polycaon sp.

F. E. BLAISDELL, M. D., Secretary.

A regular meeting of the Entomological Section of the Chi-
cago Academy of Sciences was held April 21, 1904. Eleven
members present. Mr. Kwiat donated a small box of miscel-
laneous insects including some of his captures at Osborn, Ind.,
on April 17th.

The subject of the evening—a talk on Fossil Insects, bs Prof.
S. W. Williston followed. He gave a resumé of the introduc-
tion and distribution of fossil insects, the conditions of fossili-
zation, and the relationships of the early forms. His remarks
were illustrated by specimens from the Carboniferous of Mazon
Creek, from the Solenhofen beds of Bavaria, and from the
Eocene of the Rocky Mountains. -He expressed regret that
so few students of entomology have become interested in fossil
insects, a most fertile and largely unworked field, especially in
America. Fossil insects he has found to be much more widely
distributed than is generally believed, and although the field
is one of peculiar difficulties, is sure to be rich in results.

ALEXANDER Kwiat, Recorder.

Rev. Fr. Jerome Schmitt.

It is with great regret that we announce the death of the
Rev. Father Jerome Schmitt of Beatty, Penna. The deceased
was a Professor in St. Vincent College. He was born in Neu-
hausen, Wuertemberg, Germany, May 30, 1857. A more ex-
. tended notice with portrait will appear in September NEws.

Ent. News, Vou. XV. |i a. Ch

REV. FR. P. JEROME SCHMITT.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

Vou. XV. SEPTEMBER, 1904. No.7:
CONTENTS:
Obituary—Rev. Fr. Jerome Schmitt... 225 | Viereck—A Bee Visitor of Pontederia 244
Obituary—Robert M’Lachlan.......... 226 | Williamson—A new species of Psolo-
Stevenson—Micro Cyanide Bottles.... 228 desmus from Formosa............ 247
Rehn—Notes on the Orthoptera of the Brues—A new species of Ecitopora.... 250
Keweenaw Region, Michigan...... 229 | Swenk—A new Coiletes................ 251
Wickham—Reduplication of the Tar- MGMT cw Wacexccawsueceadereb sicher se 254
sus in Hydrocharis................ 237 | Entomological Literature ............. 255
Kunze—Protective Resemblance...... 239 ' Doings of Societies:..............2..... 256
The Rev. Jerome Schmitt, O. S. B.
(Plate XV.)

Father Schmitt died at the Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh,
April 27th. He was born at Neuhausen, Wuertemberg, on
May 20, 1857.

He entered the Scholasticate at St. Vincent’s College,
Beatty, Pa., July 5, 1869. Having successfully completed
his clerical studies, Father Jerome, in July 1875, entered the
novitiate of the Order. In 1881 he was ordained priest, and
assigned to teaching Latin and Greek in the college course.
In 1899 he was appointed Subprior. Official duties were not
to his liking, he claiming his temperament ill fitted him to be
asuperior. He therefore importuned the Rt. Rev. Archabbot
to relieve him, and when this was done, at the end of his first
year’s service, he announced the fact with childlike glee to his
brethren, introducing himself as the very Reverend Ex-
Subprior. He had eminent musical talent and was an old-
time and reliable member of the college orchestra, which now
feels his loss keenly. Almost thirty years ago he began the
study of entomology and succeeded in reaching the foremost
rank among men devoted to this branch of natural science.
His specialties were the Formicoidea and among Coleoptera
the families Scydmzenide and Pselaphidse. In regard to the
latter particularly his studies and observations were well known

225

226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’o4

to his fellow workers, and they spoke of him as a keen student
and able collector. His work was well known to men like
Prof. H. F. Wickham, H. W. Wenzel, Prof. W. M. Wheeler,
the Rev. E. Wasmann, the renowned Jesuit scholar and sci-
entist, and Prof. Emery of Bologna, who all regarded him with
respect and who were frequently indebted to him for valuable
material. His biographer in the St. Vincent's Journal says:
‘“May the memory. of our dear Father Jerome and his well-
spent life ever live in the hearts of his pupils, confreres and
friends, and incite them to a generous emulation of his many
noble qualities of heart and mind.’’

Robert M’Lachlan.

(Plate XVI.)

Robert M’ Lachlan, chief of the British Neuropterists, mon-
ographer of the European Trichoptera, died at Lewisham,
London, May 23, 1904. He was the son of Hugh M’Lachlan,
of Greenock, and was born April 10, 1837, near Ongar in
Essex, and educated chiefly at Ilford. He early acquired an
interest in botany, subsequently in entomology, and the in-
heritance of sufficient means from his father enabled him to
devote his life to scientific pursuits. Asa lad of eighteen he
made a voyage to Australia and China, and brought back a
large collection of Australian plants. In 1896 he wrote of
himself, ‘‘ I have travelled much in Europe, but more as a
collector than a tourist.”’

His interest in the Neuroptera (in the Linnzean sense) dates
from the later fifties. In the sixties he successively mono-
graphed the British Trichoptera, Planipennia and Psocide,
followed by a catalogue of the British Neuroptera in 1870.

All agree that his chief work was the MWonographic Revision
and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna, a
volume of 630 pages and 59 plates containing about 2000
figures, many of which illustrate structural details from his
own camera drawings. Published in parts from 1874 to 1880,
it cost him almost eight years of constant work, he told the
writer. A First Additional Supplement of 80 pages and 7 plates
appeared in 1884.

Ent. News, Vou. XV. Pl. XVI.

ROBERT M’LACHLAN.

Sept., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 227

In 1864, with T. Blackburn, H. G. Knaggs, E. C. Rye and
H. T. Stainton, he became one of the first editorial board of the
Entomologist’ s Monthly Magazine, surviving all of these asso-
ciates and continuing in that capacity to the time of his death.

Since 1884 many papers on British and exotic Neuroptera
have appeared from his pen. The Perlidz and Ephemeride,
alone of the group, appear to have been untouched by him.

For many years he lived at 23 Clarendon Road, Lewisham,
in the southeastern part of London, where was to be found the
largest collection of native and foreign Neuroptera in the
British Isles, far exceeding that of the British Museum. Here
were to be seen, in the summer of 1895, when the writer first
made his personal acquaintance, great stores of Odonata,
European Planipennia, Ephemerina from all parts of the world,
including the types of the Rev. A. E. Eaton, the Trichoptera
on which the great European Monograph was based, and many
extra-European Planipennia and Trichoptera. Many acknowl-
edgements for the loan of dragonflies from this mine are con-
tained in the works of Baron de Selys-Longchamps, and the
latter, by his will, left a considerable sum of money to M’ Lach-
lan, who in return was to work out the Selysian collections.
The devisee, however, declared this ‘‘ utterly and totally
impossible,’’ and at once renounced all right to the money.

M’ Lachlan was equally liberal in affording use of his material
to others and, as readers of the NEws have had opportunity
to observe, he voluntarily sent a number of his unique types
through the dangers of a trans-Atlantic voyage to contribute
to the greater completeness of the Odonate part of the Azo-
logia Centrali-Americana, while previously not a few of his
duplicates had made their way to find a home (permanently,
it isto be hoped) in Philadelphia.

M’Lachlan took a considerable interest in general scientific
questions, as one may learn from Darwin’s citations from his
papers and correspondence in the Descent of Man.

He took an active part in various scientific associations,
being a fellow of the Entomological, Linnzean, Royal, Zoologi-
cal and Royal Horticultural Societies in London; of the
Entomological Society he was Secretary 1868-72, Treasurer

228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’64

1873-75, 1891-1904, and President 1885 and 1886. As Cor-
responding or Honorary Member, his name appeared on the
lists of the Entomological Societies of Philadelphia (elected
1866), Belgium, Holland, Sweden, Switzerland, and others.
Twenty-four years younger than the great Belgian master,
he has followed him within four years. The captains and the
kings depart. P, ‘Pe

Micro Cyanide Bottles.
By CHARLES STEVENSON, Montreal, Que.

Mr W. D. Kearfott, in his suggestions on collecting Micro- |
Lepidoptera recommends ‘‘ the common test-tubes, which can
be purchased in any drug store,’’ for use as cyanide bottles
(Ent. NEws, xv, 4, p. 128). These, as he states, are very
fragile, and necessitate great care in handling ; for in breaking
(which they will often do with the pressure of inserting the
cork), they are liable to badly cut the hand or maim the fin-
gers, and probably produce serious results if the wound could
not be treated immediately, as mentioned. This drawback
can be overcome by using a test-tube not generally heard of
outside a chemical laboratory, usually called ‘‘ ignition tubes,’’
made of Bohemian infusible glass, These can be obtained in
the size recommended. ‘They have a thick wall and are very
strong.

They also have the advantage of having the mouth much
more flared. They cost more, about ten cents each, but are
worth it when one runs the risk of having his hand in a
bandage for many days by using the common tube—not a
very desirable circumstance in the midst of the collecting
season, especially to a student of micros. Druggists do not
usually stock them, but they should be obtainable from any
dealer in chemical apparatus.*

Another suggestion,—corks have a faculty of disappearing
at inopportune moments. By attaching the cork with a piece
of string to the tube, this cause of much worry, perhaps loss of
valuable specimens, and inelegant language would be avoided.

_ _*The writer will gladly supply fellow entomologists unable to get
them, with an address where they can be obtained.

Sept., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 229

Notes on the Orthoptera of the Keweenaw Bay
Region of Baraga County, Michigan.

By JAMES A. G. REHN.

During the summer of 1903 Mr. Morgan Hebard, of Chest-
nut Hill, Philadelphia, spent considerable time collecting Or-
thoptera in the vicinity of Pequaming, Baraga County, Mich-
igan. On his return, Mr. Hebard very kindly turned his
entire season’s work over to me for determination, and also
presented the Academy of Natural Sciences with a very rep-
resentative series.

As the northern peninsula of Michigan has figured little in
entomological literature, Mr. Hebard has, at my suggestion,
prepared a preliminary account of the region from which the
collections were made, thus forming a basis for future remarks
on the region. Groups of insects other than the Orthoptera
were by no means neglected by Mr. Hebard, and it is to be
hoped that reports on the other orders may soon appear. Mr.
Hebard’s notes are all given in quotation marks, and all state-
ments thus designated should be credited to him.

‘‘Pequaming, Baraga County, Michigan, is a small lumber
town situated on a point of land which juts out into Kewee-
naw Bay, nine miles from its head. It is about twenty miles
distant from the famous Upper Peninsula copper country,
most of which lies to the north on Keweenaw Point. The
town is on the southern shore of Pequaquawaming Point, and
is therefore protected from the tremendous northeasterly gales
which, at this point, have a clear sweep across Lake Superior
of over one hundred and forty miles.

‘‘ Pequaquawaming Point is almost oval in shape (the In-
dian name signifying ‘wooded oval’) and is parallel to the
mainland, from which it is separated by an open marsh three-
quarters of a mile wide by one and one-half miles long. This
marsh is in most places an open meadow of tall marsh grass
dotted with tamaracks ; but along the edges these tamaracks
form a dense growth intermingled with white cedars. Wherever
there are tamaracks it is safe to venture; for, although one
sinks a foot or so at every step into the sphagnum, cranberry,

230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’04

pitcher-plants and others which grow in these places, the roots
of the trees seem to form a solid network underneath, but in
the open places the grasses grow on a thin mat of decayed
vegetable matter, under which there is nothing but ooze for
many feet.

‘‘On the other side of this marsh a series of heavily wooded
hills, in most places more than one hundred feet high, stretch
toward the northeast more than sixteen miles, forming Point
Abbaye, which is very wild and almost entirely covered with
a virgin forest of hemlock, pine and hardwood trees and in
some places by dense cedar swamps. ‘The gloom of the forest
under the far-reaching boughs of great trees is not inducive
to Orthoptera, but game is abundant. Bears, wolves, lynx
and wildcats are known to inhabit these forests, and deer are
abundant. A lynx once followed me for quite a distance
when I was out bound for the hemlocks in search of Podisma.
Across the marsh, along the foot of the hills, a brule (a tract
of woods which has been killed by fire) extends for over a
a mile, now covered in many places by a vigorous young
growth of aspen; but, where the charred trunks are still
standing, the underbrush is chiefly composed of hazel bushes
and raspberry vines. In this place, where the sun has easy

access to the ground and the grass is consequently abundant, —

I found the collecting to be very good. The country back of
the nearby towns of L’Anse and Baraga is heavily wooded
except in the vast tracts where forest fires have swept through,
leaving nothing but charred remains; there are also many
farms, as the soil, although in most places stony, is very fer-
tile. The L’ Anse et Vieux Desert Chippewa Indian Reserva-
tion extends along the shore of Keweenaw Bay between Pequa-
ming and L’Anse, and in the pastures of the Reservation I
found the collecting to be of the best. On the north the
Pequaming marsh is separated from the lake by a narrow strip
of sandy soil, covered with Norway and white pines and car-
peted with huckleberry bushes, arbutus and other sand-loving
plants; but the only insects to be found there were a host of
dragonflies, a few beetles and the scarce butterfly, Colzas
interior, On the south this marsh extends almost up to

ey

a

Sept., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. a

Pequaming Bay, leaving just room for the wagon road from
Pequaming to L’Anse. Along this road, among the drift-
wood, the Orthoptera fairly swarmed. The geological forma-
tion of Pequaming Point is of three distinct varieties ; the end
on which Pequaming is situated was formed by the action
of water, which piled agreat mass of boulders and stones ; a
very small amount of earth now covers these, and consequently
the surrounding pastures are rocky ; the ground rises a short
distance from the town, and it is there that the cliffs of soft
red sandstone commence; a little over half a mile further out
the stone changes abruptly to a much harder gray sandstone ;
the vegetation is, however, not affected, the top soil being all
the same. The point is covered with a dense forest, in the
higher and drier portions composed of maple, birch, oak, bal-
sam, spruce, hemlock and pine,—the maple greatly predomi-
nating and the conifers much scattered. In the swampy por-
tions the woods are denser and there is considerable white
cedar. Over all the undergrowth is so dense that in hardly
any place can one see more than fifty yards through the forest.
The undergrowth is chiefly soft maple, balsam and hazel, and
the ground is carpeted with ferns, lichens, mosses and grasses.
The most beautiful tree in the fall is the mountain ash, when
its clusters of bright red berries contrast splendidly with the
green woods.

‘*T found the Coleoptera collecting splendid in the clearings
here and there in the woods, but Orthoptera were scarce except-
ing in the fields and along the roads.”’

The specimens simply credited to ‘‘ Baraga Co.’’ are from
points within a few miles of Pequaming, such localities being
without geographic names and but slightly different from the
other localities mentioned.

The general character of the Orthopterous fauna of this
region is distinctly Boreal, practically no trace of Carolinian
or Sonoran types being found. This is, of course, fully in
accord with the evidence of the mammals and birds of the
section.

BLATTID.
Periplaneta americana (Linn.).
‘*One immature specimen, taken in store, June 30, 1903.’’

232 sue ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’04

ACRIDID&.
Acrydium granulatum Kirby.

Twenty-four specimens ; fourteen males, ten females. Pe-
quaming, July 2, 5, 8 and ro (marshy woods and swamps),
L’ Anse et Vieux Desert Reservation, September 4 (meadow).
Baraga Co., August 21, 29 (woods, swamp).

‘Moderately common in early July, about marshy spots
on logging trails. They diminished rapidly in numbers, and
by the middle of July had almost completely disappeared. I
found them to be again somewhat plentiful about the end of
August. They were very active, springing several feet, and,
owing to the many shadows cast by overhanging branches of
trees, they were very hard to follow and locate. I took but
three specimens on high ground ; these were taken in stony
pasture on the Indian Reservation, on September 4th. The
ground color of the majority was dark brownish or grayish ;
sometimes, however, the whole pronotum was a rich cream
color. ‘The pronotum was in many cases ornamented with
two or four irregular, intense brown or black spots, and a
white or cream saddle-like marking occasionally occurred in
front of these, giving the insect a strange appearance.’’

These remarks also apply to the following species.

Acrydium acadicum (Scudder).

Three specimens ; two males one female. Pequaming, July
5 and August 1 (marsh and cedar swamp). IL’ Anse et Vieux
Desert Reservation, September 1 (meadow).

These specimens exhibit three color phases ; one sooty black,
another vinaceous cinnamon, with the lower surface, face and
sides suffused with blackish, and the last with a median ochra-
ceous bar on a blackish ground, relieved laterally by a pair of
median, crescentic, velvety-black maculations. The latter
type of coloration is very similar to that found in some speci-
mens of 4. granulatum.

Chloealtis conspersa Harris.

Twenty-two specimens ; fifteen males, six females. Pequa-
ming, July 2, 4, 7, 9, 18, 20, 22, 235926, 0405 .aueueneees
~ 17 (latter, on pine in meadow). Baraga Co., Aug. 30.

i
_— —i

eo . . «4.

|

Sept., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 233

‘At the beginning of July, when I arrived in Pequaming,
the males of this species were rather common about brush
heaps and stumps in open fields and pastures; I also took a
few specimens in the woods, but they are sun-loving creatures
and could never be found except in sunny spots. They soon
diminished in numbers, and after August 1st hardly any were
to be found. ‘The first female was taken on July 7th. Only
six females were seen during the entire season; four were
taken on beds of dead leaves in the woods, one among the
loose bark at the foot of the dead Norway pine which I visited
so frequently and successfully in search of Coleoptera, and one
in the road where it passes through meadows of tall grass.
The females were very easy to capture when found ; they are,
of course, unable to fly, and their jump lacks entirely the elas-
ticity so characteristic of the males, and is similar to but
weaker than that of a female Dichromorpha viridis, which at a
distance they somewhat resemble. The males, on the other
hand, are, I think, about the best jumpers of any of the Or-
thoptera found in the eastern United States. They have a
powerful spring, but it is their quickness which renders them
so difficult to capture. When alarmed, they are not content
with one spring to a place of apparent safety, but jump about

_ with such speed that they can hardly be followed with the

eyes, and never cease their rapid succession of jumps until
deep under the nearby vines, twigs, or dead grasses, where
they cannot be induced to stir, and owing to their color are
perfectly safe. I have never seen a specimen where there was
not a thick tangle somewhere near in which to hide. I was
only able to catch them by listening until one of the musicians
gave his ‘‘ tsikk-tssikk-tssikk-tssikk-tsikk-tsikk,’’ which was
always lustily delivered; then, approaching within a few
yards, I would wait, knowing that, if not as yet alarmed, the
sound would be repeated in a few seconds; then, locating the
sound, I would approach to within a few feet; even then it
would be usually impossible to see the musician, and it would
be necessary to wait motionless. If my approach had been
sufficiently stealthy, the musician would at length disclose his
position by giving a cautious ‘‘tsik.’’ Pouncing upon him

234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’04

while busy stridulating, I could usually take him before he
could get in position to spring. So keen and shy are they,
however, that often, after a careful advance, occupying sev-
eral minutes, the singer would notice me when still several
feet distant, and would not again make a sound, no matter
how long I remained motionless.

‘Their mode of stridulating closely resembles that of Chor-
thippus curtipennis,; the sound produced is, however, far
stronger.

‘‘The males are brilliantly colored, the black lateral lobes
of the pronotum and the coloration of the hind femora being

very striking. The females, when resting motionless, greatly —

resemble a grayish twig, which resemblance is considerably
augmented by the decidedly truncate abdomen.”’

These specimens are of the same general size as individuals
examined from De Grassi Point, Ontario; Vermont; Norway,
Maine and ‘‘ Penna.,’’ but considerably smaller than a pair
from the cedar bogs of northern New Jersey. These latter
are enormous, considerably exceeding specimens of C. abdomz-
nalis in size. One female specimen, taken on pine, August
17th, belongs to the long-winged form called prima by Morse,
the tegmina and wings reaching slightly beyond the tips of
the posterior femora.

Chloealtis abdominalis Thomas.

Seven males. Pequaming, August 12 and 21 (meadow).
L’Anse et Vieux Desert Reservation, August 20 (road along
lake shore), September 5 and 6 (meadow).

‘‘T took but seven specimens of this species; all males.
They were taken in August and early September along the
lake shore. On September 5th two were captured while strid-
ulating on the top of some decked hemlock logs. ‘They were
very spry, somewhat resembling in their movements and the
sounds which they produce the males of comspersa. More
specimens could easily have been taken.’’

Mr. A. N. Caudell of the U. S. National Museum has very
kindly compared one of these specimens with males of this
~ species from the northwestern States, and finds them identical.

ei

oS 2

Sept., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 235

The collection of the Academy contains no representative of
the male sex.

The occurrence of this rather western type was not unex-
pected, as E. M. Walker recently found the species on the
Severn River, Ontario.

Chorhippus curtipennis (Harris).

Seventy specimens, about equally divided between the sexes.
Pequaming, July 9, to, 14, 16, 27, 31, August 1, 5, 6, 8, 9,
17, 21, 28, 31, September 2, 3, 5, 6 (meadow, swamp). Silver
Creek, August 27. Brulé on mainland opposite Pequaqua-
waming Point, July 20and 22. Baraga Co., August 20, 21, 24
and 30 (meadow, barrens near marsh).

‘«’This species first appeared in early July, and by the mid-
dle of the month was very common in all meadows of tall grass.
It was also to be found in brulés and along roads where the
grasses grew high, but never in the woods. It was still very
plentiful when I left Pequaming (September 8th), but proba-
bly disappeared before the end of the month on account of the
cold and frosts. The males are fairly good jumpers and also
fly, but the females are unable to fly owing to their short
wings, and appear very awkward in jumping.

‘‘ This species was never to be found in numbers except in
meadows of tall grass, but there it fairly swarmed, and I was
able at any time to take a dozen or more with a few sweeps of
the beating net. The males always attempted to escape by
jumping and flying, the females by hiding under the grass.
This species was by far the most plentiful around Pequaming
during almost the entire season.’”’

About one-third of the series belongs to the extremely short-
winged type, but quite a few intermediate between the two
extremes are present. The coloration shows very great varia-
tion, as is usual in the species.

Mecostethus gracilis (Scudder).

Fifty-six specimens ; fifty males, six females. Pequaming,
August 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, r2:and 21.

‘‘T found this species in but one locality, where, however,
it was abundant for a month. It was a clearing of several

236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., 04

- acres in the woods, less than a mile distant from Pequaming.
The grass growing over the lower portion of this clearing is
very thick and high, and it was in this that I found Mecoste-
thus for the first time, on the first day of August. On going
to this clearing on the morning of that day a new sound met
my ears,—a loud, harsh, connected stridulation, repeated at
intervals of a few seconds. Following these sounds up, I was
at length able to procure several specimens of this beautiful
locust. They had all very recently emerged, as indeed all the
many specimens I caught a few days later. They were easy
to capture with the net as they flew up, but when they hid in
the. grass, as they often did on alighting, they were almost
impossible to find, as they blended exactly with their sur-
roundings. The females did not appear till-a week later,
and, at the best time of the season, a morning’s search would
never reveal more than two or three of them; they were very
lubberly and could hardly jump. By September rst almost all
had disappeared, and only a few specimens remained of the
August host. Life colors :

‘*&. General color :—Rich grass green, beautifully shaded
and contrasting strongly with the rich carmine of the inner
surfaces of the hind femora.

‘* Oo. General color :—VYellowish brown, red inner surfaces
of hind femora much paler than in the male.”’

Considerable variability in the length of the tegmina is ex-
hibited in this series, some males having the tegmina consid-
erably exceeding the posterior femora in length, while others
have the femora but little surpassed by the tegmina. ‘The
females, of course, have this variability very marked.

¢

Camnula pellucida (Scudder).

Fifty-two specimens ; twenty-nine males, twenty-six feinales.
Pequaquawaming Point, August 13 (meadow). Pequaming,
July 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 18, 23, 26, August 1, 8, 12, 18, 20, 21
and 31 (meadow, tamarack swamp). L’Anse, July 23 (mea-
dow). Baraga Co., September 5 (meadow).

‘‘’'This species first appeared on July 9th. They were com-
mon enough at the outset and increased in numbers till, by
the middle of the month, they were swarming in almost every

— —- es

Sept., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 237

dry pasture of short grass. In these localities they rose in
swarms, flying low and swiftly for usually from twenty to
thirty feet. They flew up so vigorously that single specimens
were difficult to take, even with a net; and, had they not
beeen so very common, it would-have taken a considerable
time to collect a large number. As it was, I could get a dozen
or more in my net by sweeping the ground in front of me as I
crossed a pasture. I have seen a specimen, when pursued,
keep up a sustained flight of more than two hundred feet,
* never rising more than four feet from the ground, but flying
more swiftly than one could run. The general color of these
specimens was almost always light brown; two specimens,
however, which I took, were so dark that the markings were
hardly noticeable.’’

_A considerable range in intensity of coloration is presented
by this series, some specimens being extremely light-colored.

Hippiscus tuberculatus (Palisot).

Two males. Pequaming, July 6 and 18.

** During the season I saw but two specimens, both of which
I took. They were males, and were easily captured with the
net. ‘The first was taken in a garden on July 6, the other on
driftwood along the lakeshore on July 18th, more than a mile
distant from the place where the first specimen was taken.’’

These two individuals are much darker and more uniformly
colored than eastern specimens. a fact which has also been
noticed by Scudder regarding specimens from Nepigon, Onta-
rio, across Lake Superior. The intensity of the lemon-yellow
humeral vitta of the tegmina is very striking.

(To be continued.)

Reduplication of the Tarsus in Hydrocharis.
By H. F. WickHAm, Iowa City, Iowa.

Not long since, I received from Mr. Norman Criddle a speci-
men of Hydrocharis obtusatus Say, which he had taken near
Aweme, Manitoba. The insect presents a remarkable struc-

238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {Sept., ’04

ture, which should be placed on record, the literature of this
subject being none too voluminous.

The abnormality manifests itself in the right hind leg; the
coxa and trochanter are normal but the femur is more flat-
tened beneath than its mate. ‘The tibia is a trifle longer than
it should be, the outer edge almost straight, the inner edge
curved, tip dilated, the upper apical margin produced into a
sharp point. From this dilated apex, which of course repre-
sents the consolidation of a pair of tibiz, springs, first, a tar-
sus which is nearly normal except that it is slightly undersized,
and, second, a paired organ (external to the first), which
is composed of two tarsi uiiitcd’ at base. The basal joint
of this paired organ is broader than
that of a normal tarsus, the second
joint is twice as broad.at apex as at
base and is furnished at tip, in the
middle line, with a bunch of small
spines. From each side of this broad
apex arises a well-formed ramus of
three joints, the terminal ones bearing
each a pair of normal claws.

Instead of the usual number of tibial
spurs (two) we find that this leg bears
three. ‘The two internal ones, which
may be assumed to represent the nor-
mal pair, do not differ essentially from those of the other leg,
but the third, which is located on the middle of the inferior
apical margin, is trifurcate at tip.

The accompanying figure is rather diagrammatic, but will

show the general arrangement of the parts described. It will
be noticed that the opposed surfaces are correlative or nearly
so. ‘They appear to occupy the position DAA of Bateson’s
scheme, illustrated on page 481 of his work, ‘‘ Materials for
the Study of Variation.’’ ‘The composite structure of the
second joint of the supernumerary tarsus is well shown by the
disposition of the hairs on the upper surface and of the small
spines on the lower. Only the former appear in the figure,
which shows a view from above.

7

Sept., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 239

Protective Resemblance.
By R. E. Kunzz, Phoenix, Arizona.

Having during the past nine years extensively collected of
the insect fauna of Arizona, some striking observations of the
means resorted to by insects for purposes of self-protection
have presented themselves. Insects suddenly started up from
a place of rest or after pursuit of an enemy, will instinctively
drop into a place of concealment, which it is difficult to detect.
Many Rhopalocera rifle the flowers which most nearly agree
with the colors of the upper surface of their wings, while others,
with folded wigs, admirat'~ succeed in escaping detection.

Near Tucson I observed Terias mexicana feeding on flowers
of Acacia filicina, a perennial plant two feet high, bearing
white flowers and growing on the banks of ditches. This
Acacia much resembles a sensitive plant, and affords ample
protection to mexicana. Flowers the size of a thimble cover
the axillary space of the leaf, and the greenish yellow of the
insect is well protected by many bipinnate leaves and blossoms.
Anthocharis pima, the earliest of our diurnals which flies in
Maricopa County, alights on the yellow blossom of Anzsinckia
‘spectabilis, a hirsute annual found on sides of mountain and
tableland. The small flowers crowded at the point of short
racemes furnish a secure place for our golden Jima. Helenium
hoopesti, hardly distinguishable from the eastern elecampane,
affords a safe retreat for Gnophela discreta. This day-flying
moth rests on the brownish-black disk of the larger yellow
flowers, and when disturbed takes refuge on another flower of
Helenium. ‘Toward evening I have observed as many as
three and four discrefa resting on a single flower, so that one
could push several into a cyanide bottle with perfect ease.
This plant is found in moist canyons or near springs, at an
altitude of 9,000 to 10,000 feet on the San Francisco Mountains,
near Flagstaff. Another day-flying moth, Melanchroia incon-
stans, feeds on this same plant, and its bluish-black color quite
harmonizes with the disk of Helentum. Tnconstans is a little
wary geometer, very hard to approach in the hottest sunshine,
and I had to secure all with a net secured to an extension pole.
Higher up on the mountain I have noticed zuzconstans resting

240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’04

on the dark disk of Rudbeckia laciniata, another large yellow-
flowered composite plant.

The orange-colored flowers of Asclepias tuberosa, well named
the butterfly-weed, furnish nectar for Avgynnis nausicaa and
Lemonias nais, in the early part of the season, and are quite pro-
tective to these insects. At the headwaters of the Hassayampa
these insects are found, and of zausicaa I have only seen two
other examples near Flagstaff. So far I have not met with
any other species of Avgynnis in this territory. Pieris proto-
dice is usually found on Nasturtium officinale or watercress,
and when this plant is out of bloom may be looked for on the
white flowers of Dithrea wislizent, a crucifer found in the
bottoms on the sandy banks of streams. This plant has very
glaucous leaves and stems, flowers several times during the
year, from early February until December, and is a favorite
food plant of Avotodice. Rarely have I observed this white
insect alight on any other colored flower.

Thecla apama feeds on the white flowers of Ceanothus jend-

Jeri, and when disturbed seeks refuge among the foliage of
the same shrub. - The bright green of the reverse side of the
wings agrees perfectly with the color of the leaves. When
frightened, I have seen it alight on the needles of Pinus pon-
derosa, if a bush of Ceanothus stood not conveniently near.
Apama, with its wings folded, defies detection, illustrating
mimicry in the fullest sense.
' Pamphila bellus. ‘This bluish-black skipper, with yellow
fringe on its wings, is usually feeding on the prominent yel-
lowish cones of Rudbeckia laciniata. It is not often observed.
on any other but this cone-flower. Audamus cellus is its com-
panion in the Huachuca Mountains, rifling the yellow flowers
of Rudbeckia. On this flower del/us seems to be less protected
than cellus. ‘

Libythea bachmani, when frightened off the white flowers
of Baccharis emoryi, an evergreen shrub, on which it feeds in
September, selects for refuge the dry stems of the same plant,
and with closed wings it is not easily discovered. The gray
color of the dead twig and that of its wings on reverse side
makes it wonderful to behold.

Sept., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 241

Cyphus placidus, a light green Curculionid of an almost
glaucous color, a rare insect of Arizona, is one of the beetles ,
defying detection. In September, 1898, I was entomologizing
one day with the late Dr. H. G. Griffith, who came here to
recuperate. We had collected species of NMemognatha from
sunflowers, and Cvossidius intermedius from Ludvigia hard-
wickit, when of a sudden, on our return to town, with an
exclamation of joy and surprise, the doctor picked a placidus
from the lappel of his coat, which in brushing through the
net had dropped thereon. We made repeated search among
the plants examined but could find no more. Subsequently I
found the second p/acidus resting on flowers of Ludvigia hard-
wickiz, the flower or leaf of which was not protective. Next
to it grewa bush of Afriplex torreyi, the color of which in
foliage and stem fully agreed with this beetle. I beat the
bush vigorously and secured another such Curculionid, and
from this time onward have succeeded in taking a few every
year or two. I have often tried to discover this beetle on
bushes from which it was obtained by beating, but very seldom
succeeded. This Curculionid clings to the glaucous stem,
- which is of the same tint as the entire insect, and also agrees
with the color of the leaf.

Ludvigia hardwickit is an evergreen shrub in this valley,
producing yellow flowers at the point of each branch. This
flower, appearing in dense masses is the host of Cvrossidius
intermedius, a longicorn of a buff color with a black stripe
between the elytra. This beetle is hidden between the closely
appressed flowers, so that only its head and antennz appear
above the level of the flowerhead. The long antennz serve
to recognize this insect, which, on account of color and method
of concealment, is rarely observed by anyone except an entomol-
ogist. The red cup-shaped flower of Spheralcea ambigua, grow-
ing in desert arroyos, is the host of 77ichodes ornata, a beautiful
red and black beetle. The environment is quite protective in
every sense to this finely colored insect, a variety of which is
black and yellow in ornamentation.

The disk of the ubiquitous sunflower is a favorite place
for species of Nemognatha, especially /uridus, and Guathium

242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’o4

minimum. ‘These flower beetles prefer Helianthus to any
: other yellow composite, inasmuch as the yellowish or buff
color harmonizes with the host. The most of our Malachidze
are found on the pale yellow flowers of Prosopis juliflora, or
mesquite, especially in a season when there is a good honey
flow. ‘The color of flowers and insects is very similar.

That brilliant little Curculionid, Wagdalis leconte?, if rightly
informed, I always found on the needles of young Pinus pon-
derosa, high up in the Pinal Mountains. ‘The iridescence of
this beetle, predominating in a greenish violet, affords much
security in the clustered needles of the pine. It flies in July.
On the young shoots of the same pine I found Polyphylla vario-
Josa in hiding. Before the expansion of the leafbud it is of a
reddish-brown color, protective to this chestnut-colored June-
bug. On the same young shoots I found a good-sized red
Longicorn, the name of which I have forgotten, and which is
quite uncommon. A lobate-leaved Quercus, as well as the
leaves of the mountain walnut, just as dusk sets in, attracts
the ‘emerald Plustotis lecontez, which this ‘‘ gold-bug”’ as it is
called in Arizona, alights on. /lusiotis gloriosa, popularly
known as “‘silver-bug’’ in Yavapai County, because of the
silvery stripes on its green elytra, prefers the glaucous leaves
of Juniperus occidentalis, var. monosperma, which more nearly
harmonizes with this beautiful beetle. The leaves of this
juniper are silver-tipped and the young foliage is tinted bluish-
green. Plusiotis worthit, another great rarity, I took a few of in
the Huachuca Mountains, found resting in bright sunshine on
the leaves of an evergreen oak, Quercus emoryi. ‘The color of
worthiz is a glossy pea-green with lavender legs ; it is as large
as Polyphylla variolosa. ‘The green glossy leaves of this oak
are in perfect touch with this fine insect.

Psiloptera drummondi, a black Buprestid with an orange
stripe across the thorax, affects the brown stems of old mes-
quite bushes during September, and is not readily observed
until it moves around the branch trying to elude the pursuer.
Chrysobothris 8-punctata often is found in company on the
same host, its dark-brown color agreeing with the mesquite
bark. A much larger Buprestid, black with a purplish sheen,

Sept., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 243

and when fresh yellow-dusted, is resting on the green branches
of Parkinsonia microphylla, otherwise known as the ‘“‘ Palo
Verde’’ of our desert. The latter is a small tree from ten to
fifteen feet high, and this beetle has a fondness of resting on the
higher branches of this thorny Parkinsonia, so that we have
to use a net fastened to an extension pole. The much smaller
Sphenotica saturnalis rests on dead branches of the same wood,
the darker color of which is quite protective. Another fine
Buprestid, Gyascutus obliteratus, heavily dusted with yellow
powder, and the ground or body color being of a greenish-
gray, is found on young ‘‘ Palo Verde,’’ the stems of which
are bright green. Undera glaring hot sun in May or June
this beetle is very alert, and a silken net is soon torn to pieces
by the long thorns of this shrubby tree. The bark and thorns
of very young ‘‘ Palo Verde’’ much resemble od/éteratus. ;

The highly polished black Acma@odera gibbula Horn, which
has a row of scarlet spots on the outer border of the elytra, I
take early in April on the leafless branches of Acacia greggit,
known as the ‘‘ Cat’s-claw bush’’ in Arizona. The bark of
this Acacia is brown, covered here and there with dead epi-

“dermis, especially in the fork of branchlets. This Acmeodera
clusters around these blackish spots and is not easily detected.
Frequently it rests on the tip end of a branch. I gave some
of these beetles to Dr. H. G. Griffith when he collected here,
who sent them for determination to Mr. Fall, and the latter
returned them as nov. spec., labeled A. griffithtt. My insects
had been previously compared with gzbbuda of Dr. Horn’s
collection, and so named.

The green branches of Salix occidentalis furnish the feeding
place of that handsome Chalcolepidius smaragdinus, the most
brilliant elaterid of Arizona. Smaragdinus isa gem of great
rarity, and very uneasy when detected. C. weddiz and C. far-
taricus, both of bluish-green with a border of white hair around
elytra, affect any kind of a willow branch, and even suck the
sap from a wounded limb.

Probably for safety, smaragdinus ascends to the topmost
branches, always the greenest of willow. When frightened it
alights on the broad leaves of Sa/éx, and quickly runs up the

244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (Sept., ’o4

stem, where the color is most protective. The shaking of a
limb in ascending a tall willow quite often causes this vara avis
to take flight, to the dismay of a collector.

A large green grasshopper, Schzstocera shoshone, in the early
part of summer, is found hiding among the green foliage and
resting on a green stem of mesquite. Laterin autumn it affects
the leaves of cottonwood,—-Populus fremontii,—as well as of .
Salix fluviatilis, the only trees and shrubs retaining green
leaves until the latter part of December, in the Salt River Val-
ley. There shoshone, as well as a Xiphidium, find a secure
resting place.

Numbers of Mantids of many hues,—carneous, green, gray
and brown,—select the leaves or stems of plants in unison
with their own colors, and usually fully illustrate color pro-
tection. Mantis religiosa, quietly and patiently, with uplifted
forelegs, may be noticed awaiting the approach of some other
insect, and pounces upon it like a tiger upon his prey. This
peculiar attitude has been likened by Mexicans to a child with
uplifted hands engaged in prayer, and the popular mame,
‘‘ Nina de la terra,’’ child of the earth, has been bestowed
upon this insect.

A Bee Visitor of Pontederia (Pickerel-weed).
By H. lL. VIERECK.

Within the last five years I have received specimens of an
_interesting bee which seems to represent a new genus and spe-
cies belonging to the Dufoureide and closely allied to Halictoi-
des as represented by 7. marginatus Cress. ‘The first specimen
that came to me was a male, taken at Darby, Delaware Co.,
Pa., August 10, 1899, by Mr. C. W. Johnson; the next speci-
men was a female, collected at Chestertown, Md., August 12,
1901, by Mr. E. G. Vanatta. Last year I received the first
specimen with flower record from Mr. J. H. Lovell, who later
sent me, in all, one female and ten males, taken on Pontederia
cardata 1,., July 20, at Waldoboro, Me. I quote Mr. Lovell’s
interesting notes on the capture of these specimens. ‘‘ On the
afternoon of the 20th of July I was on the river in a boat. A
thunder-shower was coming up in the northwest. The air

Sept., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 245

was very still and in that peculiar condition which precedes an
electric storm. At such times insects are very sluggish and
seek shelter against the approaching tempest. The silence
was broken only by the rumbling peals of the distant thunder,
following the bright flashes of lightning, which illumined the
dark thunder-heads of the clouds. It became necessary for
me to hasten homeward. ‘To my surprise I noticed on almost
every one of the violet-blue spikes of Pontederia cordata, or the
pickerel-weed, which in countless numbers fringed the stream
on both sides, one to several of these bees. They were so
inactive that I could easily knock them off into the cyanide
jar. I collected about forty specimens, and might have col-
lected hundreds. This phenomenon has never been repeated
to my knowledge.”’
The technical description is as follows:

CONOHALICTOIDES n. g.
The narrow head, the tuberculate posterior coxz, and the
structure of the palpi clearly separate this genus from
Flalictoides.

Conohalictoides lovelli n. sp..

2. 67mm. HeEap:—Distance between the anterior ocellus and
anterior margin of clypeus at least one-half again as great as the distance
between the eyes on a line with the antennal sockets ; width of temple
nearly equal to the width of the eye; front closely, finely punctured,
sparsely on the eye margins ; frontal impression very slight, a mere indi-
cation of a median line, which, just above the insertion of antennae, is a
short, shallow, narrow impression ; ocelli arranged in a low triangle, dis-
tance between posterior ocelli about twice the distance between the lat-
eral and anterior ocelli and about equal to distance between them and
nearest eye margin ; vertex with the punctures larger and sparser than
on the front; cheeks rounded, punctured much like the front ; clypeus
with the anterior margin rounded, convex, polished, with large, distinct,
separated, irregularly placed punctures; labrum with indistinct curved
striz,irregular near apex ; mandibles with a distinct internal tooth about
one-fourth the length of the mandible from the apex ; antennz short, not
reaching back to the tegulz, scape shining, second joint longer than
third, the rest subequal, all joints of the antennz, except the first, dull
with very short pubescence ; pubescence of head thin, loose and pale,
whitish except on vertex and frons where it is black, abundant on the
sides of the lower half of the face, margin of the clypeus with a fringe of
long, straw-colored hairs ; black.

246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’04

THORAX :—Prothorax rounded, dull, finely sculptured, more shining
and distinctly punctured on the narrow median portion; mesonotum
finely sculptured, dullish, with a long depression on each side of the
middle of anterior margin, punctures of two kinds present with and with-
out hairs, the setigerous ones the larger ; scutellum polished, with large,
sparse punctures ; postscutellum dull, indistinctly punctured on the sides ;
tegulz polished, rounded behind, indistinctly punctured; metathorax
with a flat semicircular disc longitudinally rugulose, sides dull, with
sparse setigerous punctures, posterior face bearing sparse setigerous
punctures and a median, dull, impressed space; scopa with plumose
hairs on the superior margin—in between the hairs are simple, metatarsus
of posterior leg one-half the width of the tibia, posterior coxze produced,
tuberculate, claws cleft, the inner toota nearly as long as the apical tooth ;
wings—distance from the stigma to the first transverse cubitus on the
radius equal to about three-fourths the distance from the first to the sec-
ond transverse cubitus on the radius, distance between the first transverse
cubitus and first recurrent nervure on the cubitus a little greater than the
distance between the second recurrent nervure and the second transverse
cubitus, transverse median nervure slightly basad of basal nervure ; pu-
bescence present on the thorax, except on the disc of the metathorax,
thin and whitish, most abundant and thickest on the sides of the thorax ;
entirely black, including stigma and nervures, membrane blackish, pos-
terior tibiz inclining to brown.

ABDOMEN :—Black, with testaceous margins to the segments, second
segment depressed nearly one-half, shining, finely sculptured, covered
with long and short hairs.

Maxillary palpi six-jointed, the first joint a little shorter than the sec-
ond, the second joint about three-fourths the length of the combined
length of the four terminal short joints, which are subequal ; labial palpi
four-jointed, joint one nearly as long as 2+3-+ 4, 24 little longer than
3-4, which are subequal, a very distinct fringe of hairs on basal joint of
labial palpi.

3. 6.5-7mm. Similar to the female, with the following exceptions:
Frontal impression hidden by pubescence on the lower half; antennz
moniliform, reaching beyond the tegule, all joints dull sericeous, joint 3
especially hairy, the hairs very short, jomt 2=3 in length, 2-3 shorter
than 4, 4 and beyond subequal; metatarsus of posterior legs about two-
thirds as wide as the tibia; distance between second recurrent nervure
and second transverse cubitus a little greater than the distance between
the first transverse cubitus and the first recurrent nervure; abdomen
rather polished, second segment depressed one-third, margins pruinose.

Cotypes in Coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Paratypes in Coll.
U. S. N. M. and Boston Society of Nat. Hist.
Type locality, Waldoboro, Me.

Sept., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 247

A new Species of Psolodesmus (order Odonata)
from Formosa.
By E. B. WILLIAMSON.

Among some QOdonates recently received from Rev. H.
Loomis are specimens from Formosa of a large and beautiful
species of Psolodesmus, of the subfamily Calopteryginze, which
seems to be new.

The genus Psolodesmus may be recognized as belonging to
de Selys’ Legion Calopteryx (exclusive of Vestalis) by the
following characters : antenodals of the first and second series
present, numerous, largely coinciding excepting possibly a few
near the nodus; M,4+4, rising abruptly upward from M ,;
wings scarcely or not at all petioled ; subquadrangle straight,
not bent at the level of the arculus ; basal space about equal
to or shorter than the quadrangle; and a posterior branch
of Cu, present. Psolodesmus is related to Wnazs by the pres-
ence of a true stigma in both sexes; basal space free; arculus
bent ; M , + 2 fused with the radius for a short distance ; sect-
ors not branched; posterior branch of Cu, not directed
basally. From JMJnais, Psolodesmus is distinguished by the
more retracted nodus (in M/nais the distance to the nodus
from the wing base is more than two-fifths the wing length,
in Psolodesmus \ess than two-fifths the wing length, and in
Psolodesmus in the front wings M , arises several cells beyond
the subnodus, and not at the subnodus as in A/zazs) ; by the
more complex venation (secondary sectors and cross-veins
more numerous in Psolodesmus than in A/nazs) ; by the long
and narrow quadrangle (in J/nazs the quadrangle is scarcely
as long as the basal space, in Psolodesmus it is about 1% times
as long, and with about twice as many cross-veins as in J/nais) ;
by the medio-anal link (2. ¢., the vein closing the distal end of
the quadrangle and subquadrangle) of the hind wings at right
angles to the long axis of the wing or with the anterior end
slightly more basal than the posterior end (in A/nazs the pos-
terior end of the medio-anal link is decidedly more basal than
the anterior end); and by the hind margin of the wings,
especially the hind wings, behind the subquadrangle, decidedly
more concave.

[Sept., 04

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

248

<7

t)

Psolodesmus dorothea n. sp.
Figs. 1 and 2.—Abdominal appendages of <', dorsal and profile views.

Fig. 3.—Dorsal view of the appendages of 9°.

$ mm. in length,

size

Fig. 4.—Egg

Fig. 5.—Wings of ¢.

Sept., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 249

Psolodesmus dorothea n. sp.

Total length ¢ 70-71, 2 60-61; abdomen <' 58-59, 2 48-50; hind
wing 6’ 45-46, 2 43-45; width of front wing ¢ and Q 12; stigma front
wing of 2.5, 2 2; last femur °¢f' and Q 8;; tibia and tarsus to end of tarsal
claws ¢' and Q 10; length of longest cilia on legs ¢' and 9 2+ mm.

Head black, postclypeus metallic green, second joint of the antennz
pale greenish on the anterior side, longer than the inconspicuous first
Joint, eyes brown. Thorax and abdomen slender ; thorax metallic green,
middorsal carina and lateral sutures very narrowly, sides below and pro-
thorax, black ; legs black, pale basally especially on the inferior surface,
where the pale area extends about half the length of the femora; cilia
numerous and long.

od. . Pectus black, a sharply defined pale spot near the posterior border.
Wings hyaline with violet and green reflections, apices for a distance of
of 5 mm. and stigma dark brown, the colored wing membrane with more
brilliant reflections than the hyaline portions of the wings, coppery being
most conspicuous ; inner edge of brown area more or less concave; the
dark brown or black of the wing apices extends basally more or less defi-
nitely along the anterior portion of the wings in the costal, subcostal and
radial spaces, more heavily marked in the front wings where the color
may extend quite to the wing base, doubtless variable with age. Ante-
nodals front wings 33-37, hind wings 32; postnodals front wings 79-81,
hind wings 71-75.

Q. Pectus pale, abdomen dark brown basally, shading posteriorly
into black. Wings similar to the male, but with the brown on apices
more extensive, 7 to 8 mm. in length, and the brown of the anterior margin
less sharply defined ; inner edge of brown apices nearly straight ; stigma
chalky white. Abdominal appendages slender, acute, as seen from the
side about as long as segment 10; the extreme apex bi- or trifurcate.

Habitat—Formosa ; 3 males and 2 females in my collection,
all mature. Dr. Calvert has examined a % and a 9? and con-
firms my opinion as to the distinctness of the species. Named
for my mother, Dorothea Kellerman Williamson.

The single hitherto known species of Psolodesmus, manda-
rinus McLachlan, originally described .from a single imperfect
& from Amoy (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 166, 1870) and
later recorded and described from two males from Formosa by
Hagen (C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxiii, p. Ixii, 1880), is at
once distinguished from dorothea by the more extensive black
on the wings (mandarinus has the apical fourth blackish
brown) and the presence of a broad semi-opaque white band
across the wings, no trace of which exists in dovothea. In col-
oration of wings mandarinus is described as somewhat suggest-

250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’04.

ing Echo margarita. Dorothea rather suggests the males of
the species of Calopteryx of the eqguabilis group, especially
dimidiata, which species also were suggested to de Selys by
Vestalis apicalis.

<0>

A New Species of Ecitopora.
By CHARLES T. BRUES.

This is the third species of Ecitopora to be discovered in the
United States living, like the other species of the genus, in the
nests of the blind legionary ants, Acton. ‘The species can be
readily distinguished by the accompanying figures.

Ecitopora nitidiventris sp, nov.

Length 2.25 mm. Pale fuscous. Head fuscous, with rather distinct
sparse punctures. Thorax testaceous. Elytra testaceous, but appearing
almost piceous in certain lights. Ab-

domen fuscous, lighter at apex and

2 also at base, especially below. Legs

pale testaceous. Antenne thickened
toward the tips ; fuscous, paler at base ;
joints after the first, of about equal
length, except the last, which is coni-
cal and a little longer than the two
preceding joints; each of the latter
one and three-fourths times as wide as
long. Thorax slightly wider than long,
narrowed slightly and broadly rounded

Fig. 1.—Zecitopora nitidiventris sp. nov.

' Outline of prothorax. behind ; its lateral depressions deep
Fig: sli 3 paciectoabae Peace and extending for its entire length ;

posteriorly there is a shallower median
depression. Thorax and elytra sparsely golden pubescent. Abdomen
bare, shining ; each segment with a marginal row of about eight long
hairs. Abdomen of equal width, rather suddenly obtusely acuminate
at tip.
Described from two specimens collected in a nest of Actton
coecum Vatr., at Austin, Texas, during March, 1902.
£. nitidiventris is readily distinguished from £. /aticolles
Brues by the ferm of the thorax, and from &. fenella Wasm.
by the bare, nonpubescent, shining abdomen, which has fewer
marginal hairs upon the dorsal segments. .

Sept., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 251

A New Colletes.
By Myron H. SweEnk, Lincoln, Neb.

Colletes robustus n. sp.

2. Length r2-14mm. Generalform stout. Dull black, almost bare.
Head slightly narrower than thorax, extremities of orbits rounded. Cly-
peus somewhat shiny, almost bare, flat, coarsely striately punctured,
transversely depressed before apex, a small median impunctate spot at
extreme base and one in middle of supraclypeal area. Face on either
side of clypeus finely and closely punctured, but changing abruptly to
coarse close punctures above insertion of antennz, its pubescence short
and white, becoming dense in a ruff about base of antenne. Antenne
“unusually short and heavy,. wholly dark, with under surface of flagellum
lighter than upper, and its first joint longer than second. Vertex slightly
depressed along sides, bare and shiny, with large, coarse, separated punc-
tures and small ones between. Occiput with short, rather dense white
pubescence and no obvious dark hairs. Cheeks finely punctured and
sparsely provided with pale pubescence. Malar space scarcely defined,
extremely short. Labrum with five deep depressions separated by four
prominent sharp ridges, the median depression largest. Mandibles heavy,
a small notch well removed from the rounded tip, medially and apically
rufescent or wholly black.

Prothorax with short but conspicuous, stout, sharp spines. Mesothorax
punctured much like clypeus, the coarse crowded punctures running into
irregular striz at places, only a very small subimpunctate spot on disk,
the anterior half with a deep median depression. Disk practically devoid
of pubescence, the few scattered hairs on it very short, pale and black
intermixed ; a dense tuft of short pure white hair on tubercles, and longer
and sparser gray hairs surrounding tegulz and passing as a narrow fringe
around posterior border of scutellum. Scutellum shining, its coarse
round punctures well separated anteriorly but crowded posteriorly, post-
scutellum roughened by fine, close punctures and fringed posteriorly with
long pale hairs. Metathorax without a superior face and no series of
pits, the enclosure funnel-shaped, its bow] a little shiny, with the whole
surface coarsely and irregularly plicate, the neck short and constricted at
the base, which is not wider than the tip. Lateral faces of posterior
truncation coarsely and weakly punctured on a dull very minutely punc-
tured surface, exteriorly with a fringe of pale hairs. Mesopleura with
coarse, crowded punctures forming striz, on a small space immediately
under tegulz with finer separated punctures, very thinly clothed with
pale hairs. Tegule piceous edged with testaceous, punctured. Wings
slightly darkened hyaline, iridescent, very pubescent, nervures very dark
brown to blackish, stigma brown.

Legs large, stout, black, more or less shining, especially on femora,
the apical tarsal joints sometimes inclining to dull ferruginous, clothed

252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’04

with short whitish pubescence, longer, dense and bristly on posterior
femora and tibiz, the inner apices of tarsal joints with rufous fringes.
Claws ferruginous, tibial spurs’ paler ferruginous, the inner one with
numerous minute but distinct pectinations. Abdomen dullish, the whole
surface coarsely and closely punctured with punctures a little finer than
those on mesothorax, the first segment somewhat striate punctate espe-
cially laterally, medially with a well defined ridge on posterior half, its
apical margin depressed, with a very dense, white pubescent fascia con-
cealing a smooth subtestaceous surface ; second and following segments
similarly punctured, apical margins of 2-4 similarly depressed, with simi-
lar fascize, 5 depressed but its fascia narrower and less dense, apex with
pale pubescence. Other than the fasciz the abdomen is but inconspicu-
ously pubescent, all hairs pale. Venter similarly but much more finely
punctured, with dense pale pubescence forming a scopa, pollen-bearing
on three basal segments, no decided fasciz.

3. Length 9%-13 mm. Similar to 2 except as follows :—Thorax
above with rather long and erect pubescence, densest on margins and
tegulz, longer on scutellum and sides of metathorax, all grayish white ;
occiput and cheeks with long white pubescence; clypeus covered with
pale pubescence, punctured similarly to, but, except at apex, much finer
thanin 9; antennz long, flagellum varying from black to bright testaceous
beneath, basal joint less than one-half as long as second ; vertex crowded
with coarse punctures; malar space better defined, but still very short ;
labrum with the deep median groove, but lateral ones subobsolete ; man-
dibles often largely rufous, especially terminally ; prothoracic spine less
conspicuous; punctures on mesothorax more separated, a rather large,
shining, impunctate space on disk; metathorax with a poorly defined
superior face and an imperfect, irregular series of subrectangular pits,
longer than broad and slightly shiny ; legs more or less ferruginous, all
the tarsi brightly so, that on tibiz and femora of variable amount, gener-
ally dull; anterior femora with a long, dense, white beard ; punctures on
abdomen generally separate, not striate, median ridge on first segment
obsolete, fasciz on segments 1-6; venter often testaceous, no scopa.

Specimens examined.—Types: 9, Neligh, Neb., August,
1899, at Petalostemon (M. Cary); ¢, Dundy Co., Neb., June
(E. H. Jones). Cotypes: 9, Las Vegas, N. M., at Petaloste-
mon candidus, July 21 (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; do., at Solidago
canadensis, August 11 (W. P. Cockerell); 15 $8 %, Dundy
Co., Neb., June (E. H. Jones); 9, 6, Morton Co., Kan.,
3200 feet, June, 1902 (F. H. Snow); 9, Hamilton Co., Kan.,
3350 feet (F. H. Snow); %, Clark Co., Kan., 1962 feet. June
(F. H. Snow). A bee of the semi-arid interior.

The @ of vobustus may be distinguished from the other

Sept., ’04 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25
p 3

described North American Colletes by its large size, lack of
ochraceous or fulvous tinge on the dorsal pubescence, and dull
closely and coarsely punctured abdomen. Its nearest ally
seems to be C. gé/ensis Ckll., from which it differs in numerous
respects, among them, Mr. Cockerell informs me, in its palpi.
The 8 of vobustus is evidently quite close to C. robertsonit
D. T. (= punctata Robt. ), which is also a Petalostemon visitor,
but the abdomen is not shining, nor the whole of the legs
ferruginous.

“On June 14th - wrote me an apology for not having
returned me some insects as per promise, being very busy at the
office and head over heels in work in the ‘bug room,’ and said, ‘I am
also breeding a few things, and they are hatching on me all the time.’ I
replied, expressing my sympathy, and told him I had experienced the
same discomfort during the ’60s down in ‘ Old Virginny,’ and that I had
found the best thing to do was to rub the seams of my clothes with blue
ointment until I could get a chance to boil them.”

A ¥eEw miles below the city of Cincinnati, on the Ohio side, the hills
rise abruptly to about 450 feet above the Ohio River and enclose the
narrow valley of Elkhorn Creek. The slope of these hills is toward the
south, and the valley is never exposed to the north winds. Its wild
flowers surprise us with their blossoms in February and March, and all
of its spring vegetation is nearly three weeks in advance of our season.
There is not a sunny day in winter that does not warm up the slopes
enough to call forth the grasshoppers and flies.

This place is of very great interest to the entomologist, for it produces
species reported thus far only from the far south. The praying Mantis,
Phasmomantis carolina, is found here in abundance. On June 7th of this
year I took a fine pair of Polygrammodes hirtalis Gn., heretofore reportd
from Texas and Mexico. I have also taken here Sciagraphia punctolin-
eata Pack., Goniacidalia furciferata Pack., and Tricotaphe nonstrigella
Cham., and a number of species of Tortricids and Tineans not in the col-
lections of eastern specialists and unknowntothem. Many of thespecies
collected here are found nowhere else around the city, and it appears
from each collecting trip that there will be no end of surprises. I know
a number of these species breed here, and it is difficult to suppose that
any of the others fly from farther south across a river that is more than
tooo feet wide at this point. The spot, like an oasis in a desert, has a
fauna all its own, probably an enduring one, for its inaccessible nature
renders it of no interest except to the enthusiastic botanist and entomolo-
gist.—ANNETTE F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio.

~ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]

To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy ” into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should.be remembered in sending special or —
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘“‘ extras,” without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS,, along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., SEPTEMBER, 1904.

The entomological world appears to be having an acute
spasm over the nomenclature question. This is a chronic
complaint with occasional exacerbations. Human beings are
agreed as to mighty few things, and the only way we see to
settle this vexed question is by an authoritative congress or
court of last resort. At the present time it is difficult to find
two persons who have exactly the same ideas on this import-
ant subject. As we said in the beginning, there are conflicting
opinions about almost everything, religion, politics and lesser
things, and we do not see why the question of nomenclature
should be much of an exception. It is annoying, to be sure, but
there is much to be done in entomology irrespective of this.
If the collector is restive under the battle of the synonyms,
let him take up some problem, such as a life history, and work
it out to a conclusion for the benefit of knowledge. It will be
good work, and which ‘‘ mihi itch’’ genus the thing is placed
in is of lesser moment.

CURATOR APPOINTED.—C. Abbott Davis, the well-known entomologist
and former instructor in the Technical High School, has been appointed
curator at the Park Museum, Providence, Rhode Island, to fill the vacancy
caused by the death of James M. Southwick.

ProF. V. L. KELLoGG, of Stanford University, will spend the coming
academic year on leave of absence in Europe. Personal letters will be
forwarded. Requests for reprints of papers or for specimens, etc.,
should be addressed, to avoid delay, to the Department of Entomology,
Stanford University, California.

; 254

Sept., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 255

-

Entomological Literature.

Recent LiITeERATURE.—Our knowledge of the muscle development of
the Coleoptera has received a valuable addition in a recent paper (*‘ The
Changes which occur in the Muscles of a Beetle, 7Aymalus marginicollis
Chevr., during Metamorphosis,’”’ Bull: Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, xl,
Ppp. 317-380, Pls. 7) by R. S. Breed of Harvard University, in which he
gives a very minute account of the anatomical and histological changes
which occur in the individual muscles of a beetle during metamorphosis.
As the metathorax proved to be the most suitable segment for study, its
muscles received the most carefz] examination. Some twenty-five mus-
_ cles in this region are enumerated and the changes of each considered
* separately, as it was found that all do not undergo a similar metamor-
phosis. Of this number not a single one persists unaltered from the
larva ; the greater proportion undergo a metamorphosis, while a number
of the larval muscles degenerate. Only two of the imaginal metathoracic
muscles are of entirely new formation in the pupa. The only region of
the body in which any of the muscles were found to persist unaltered
from larva to adult is in the abdomen. This is to be expected, as the
abdomen shows the least amount of externa] change during metamor-
phosis and contrasts with the thorax where a great amount of external
remodeling is correlated with a radical change in the musculature. In
the legs all of the imaginal muscles appear to be formed by a metamor-
. phosis of the larval ones. The trend of recent opinion with regard to
phagocytosis in the Coleoptera is upheld, as no evidences of this phe-
nomenon were observed in any of the muscles of 7hymalus, all degen-
eration changes being apparently of a chemical nature. The author
believes that in Coleoptera the cells that have been described as phago-
cytes are in reality tracheal cells developed from the tracheoles of larval
muscles. Gar. Be

Pror. AND Mrs. T. D. A. CocKERELL spent the summer in Europe.
This month they go to the University of Coloiado, at Boulder, to teach
biology. Prof. Cockerell will have a research laboratory in the University.

PLEASE take notice that after June 15th my address for packages as
well as usual mail will be: C. F. Baker, Estacion Agronomica, Santiago
de las Vegas, near Habana, Cuba.

A VERY good substitute for cork for micro double mounts is to take a
piece of soft felt, dampen it, and put a good quantity of photopaste on
both sides, cover with white paper, press well, and dry. Then cut long,
narrow strips with paper-cutter (any printer will do this for you if you
haven’t a cutter), and straighten the strips. When you are convinced
the felt is thoroughly dry, cut your strips in desired lengths for pins. The
strips can be cut very slender, are neat and also economical, as any old
soft felt hat can be used for the purpose. In pushing your label pin
through, give support to the felt, and with minutien pins use your plyers.
Mrs. F. Weigand of Philadelphia suggested the idea, and it is practi-
cal.—H. Hornice.

.

256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Sept., ’04

Doings of Societies.

A regular meeting of the Entomological Section of the Chi-
cago Academy of Sciences was held May roth, at the John
Crerar Library, Eight members and three visitors present.
Mr.-Frank E. Lutz, of the University of Chicago, gave a talk
on the Economic Importance of Mosquitoes and a brief sketch
of a four years’ attempt at their extermination on Long Island,
New York. Mr. Weed, formerly of the Mississippi Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, added some experiences of his own,
and the subject was further discussed by the members. The
field day on May 30th was held at Millers, Indiana.

A. Kwiat, Recorder.

At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social held May
18th, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 S. 13th St.,
Phila., ten persons were present.

Mr. H. W. Wenzel announced the death of Father Jerome
Schmitt of St. Vincent’s Abbey.

Dr. Skinner exhibited two new species of Apzcauta, which
will be described in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws.

Mr. Wenzel showed a number of blind Carabids from caves
in Austria.

Dr. Skinner spoke of a recent trip with Messrs. Kearfott
and Daecke to the Orange Mountains, in the vicinity of Mont-
clair, N. J., after Pyrgus centauree. He said that the species
is very local, occurring only in hilly regions, and spoke of the
value of a study of these extremely local distributions.

Discussed by Messrs. Franck, Daecke, Wenzel and Skinner,
Mr. Franck referring especially to Lycena scuddert.

Mr. Daecke showed Cnorimoschema gallesolidaginis raised
from galls; also Culex cantator, which was very abundant
recently at Richmond Hill, Long Island.

WILLIAM J. Fox, Secretary.

EpiITtH M. Patcu, entomologist to the Maine Agricultural Experiment
Station, at Orono, Me., is the first woman to occupy such a position in
the United States. All women are not afraid of bugs and mice. We
wish the lady great success.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VoL. XV.

OCTOBER, 1904. No. 8.

CONTENTS:

- Scheffer—New Spiders from Kansas... 257
» Viereck—The American Genera of the

Bee Family Dufoureide............ 261
Rehn—Notes on the Orthoptera of the
Keweenaw Region, Michigan...... 263

Brimley and Sherman—List of the Ta-
banidz (Horse-flies) of N. Carolina 270

Cockerell—Bees of Genus Colletes .... 276

Williamson—Additional Dragonfly

(Odonata) Records for W. Penna... 277
Scheffer—The Egg Cocoon of Triangle

SOieiasi ss Panda cat aes oad ee 84 <8 278
Rehn—Two New Species of North

American Stenopelmatine (Orth.). 280

BAGHIGS conanecactet <aWikenkensse eh oan 283
INOURE BUG NGWE iss oie as foc edcssctees- 284
Entomological Literature ............- 285
Woiegs OL SGCUeES 5 ois kccr ede sev eenene 285

Four New Spiders from Kansas.
By THro. H. SCHEFFER, A. M.
(Plate XVII.)

The four new species of spiders herein considered were first
described in ‘‘A Preliminary List of Kansas Spiders,’’ pub-
lished by a local journal of the Kansas State Agricultural
College, April 2, 1904. It has seemed desirable to give the
descriptions more general publication, especially since a few
errors crept into the original article. Types of the species
form part of the collection of the Kansas State Agricultural
College, and duplicates have been sent to the National Mu-
seum at Washington.

Family THOMISIDA.
Xysticus modestus sp. nov. (Fig. 1.)
This is a modest little crab spider, smaller than any of the
species ordinarily considered as common.
Female.—Length 4.5 mm. ; width of cephalothorax 2 mm. ; width of
abdomen 3 mm. First and second pairs of legs stout, the tibiz and
metatarsi armed with two rows of spines set along the anterior margin.

The corresponding joints in the legs of the third and fourth pairs show a
few weak spines on the under surface.

257

258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’

The middle area of the cephalothorax is yellow, brightest near the base.
In the central longitudinal line is a narrowing streak of brown running
back from a point between the posterior median eyes. On either side of
this streak is a broader stripe of brown, ending a short distance in front
of the posterior margin, in an enlarged portion curved slightly outward.
Still farther out, conforming to the outward curve of the cephalothorax,
is a broad stripe of brown bordered laterally by a narrow line of yellow.
On the extreme lateral margin is a hair-line of brown.

The ground color of the abdomen is dark brown. There is a narrow
central stripe of dirty yellow and three broad transverse bands of about
the same color. The portion of the dorsal region not occupied by these
bands is punctate with yellow. The legs are yellowish brown, the former
color predominating in the proximal joints, the latter on the tibize, meta-
tarsi and tarsi. The third and fourth pairs of legs are lighter in general
than the first and second pairs. - Scattered over the abdomen and alse on
the front of the head and on the pedipalps are numerous stubby hairs, some
of them enlarged at the ends so as to be almost clavate.

This spider is a pronounced type, but not common. Several
females were taken under stones near Manhattan in June. In
this situation they were guarding their egg sacks.

Family SALTICIDAS.
Phidippus ferrugineus sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3.)
This is a large species with two dominant colors—black Pet
reddish brown.

Female.—Length 14-15 mm. Length of abdomen 10 mm. ; width of
abdomen 7 mm. ; height of abdomen6 mm. Width of cephalothorax 4
mm. ; height of cephalothorax 4 mm.

Legs.—Relative length 4, 1, 2, 3. Absolute length 9.5, 9, 8.5, 10.5
mm., respectively. .

Colors.—The abdomen is black beneath and on the sides, with some-
times faint indications of lighter spots or streaks. Above it is reddish
brown, except in the central longitudinal region, which is occupied by a
black stripe extending from the anterior pair of muscle depressions to the
spinnerets. This stripe broadens just back of the posterior muscle de-
pressions until it is nearly 3 mm. in width, when it narrows again gradu-
ally toward the tip of the abdomen. In some specimens the red projects
into the stripe so as to form two pairs of spots. Often these spots are
entirely isolated from the red of the dorsum. Occasionally a spider has
scarcely any indication of the stripe, being of a uniform reddish brown
color above. Usually a lighter red or yellowish streak extends along the
front border of the abdomen and runs diagonally down the sides. Back
of the diagonal portion of this stripe may be one or two more yellowish
stripes running down from the red-brown of the dorsum.

Oct., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . 259

The cephalothorax is black beneath, on the sides, and on that portion
of the dorsal aspect that slopes towardthe abdomen. The higher portion
is reddish brown above, like the abdomen. The chelicerz are iridescent
green and purplish. The pedipalps and the first two pairs of legs have
yellowish scales scattered here and there, and rings of like color near
some of the joints. The presence of some long whitish hairs on these
appendages is also common. The second and third pairs of legs are
almost always uniformly black, though some specimens have the proxi-
mal half of the tarsus lighter.

This spider spends the winter under loose stones in large
oval dwelling-sacks of closely woven silk, protected in some
cases by the addition of leaves or trash. I have found the
species only in the vicinity of Manhattan, on the summits or
higher slopes of hills capped with the Permian limestone. I
have not been able to identify the male.

Family ARGIOPID.

Araneus singeformis sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 5, 6.)
This small orbweaver is of the type usually referred to the
genus Simga, a group whose species Simon includes in the
~genus Araneus.

Female.—Length 4-5 mm. The abdomen is oval, moderately high,
and symmetrical in outline. It projects some distance over the cephalo-
thorax. The latter is broad back of the head region, which is much
narrower and distinctly set off by lateral grooves. The head itself is
considerably elevated. The median ocular area is nearly or quite square.
The lateral eyes are contiguous. The legs are short and show very few
spines.

Coloration.—The cephalothorax, legs and chelicerz are various shades
of dull yellow. The head is usually brightest and the thoracic region
darkest, in some cases tinged with brown. The legs are unmarked,
except in an occasional specimen which shows traces of longitudinal
stripes, particularly on the femora. The ocular quadrangle, as well as
a small area about the lateral eyes, is black. The abdomen above and
on the sides is whitish, tinged with a fine network of brown. The muscle
depressions are marked by brownish spots, and down the center of the
abdomen in most specimens is a more or less branched scar-like stripe.
A broad border of black nearly or quite encircles the dorsum near the
margin. Sometimes it is interrupted at the anterior end and occasionally
also at the posterior end. The central portion of the abdomen beneath
is occupied by a broad black band running back from the epigynum and
enclosing the spinnerets. On either side of this is a narrow stripe of

260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Oct. ’o4,

white, and between this stripe and the margin another band of black.
The sternum is also black. These black areas, above and below, are
more or less dotted over with light spots.

I have taken but one specimen of this spider in sweeping,
but secured over a hundred mature females from the provision
stores of mud-dauber wasps in Wallace County, July 16th.

Family LYCOSIDA.
Lycosa wacondana sp. nov. (Fig. 7.)

A small species, found about springs or creeks on the
prairies.

Female.—Length 7-8 mm. ; width of cephalothorax 3 mm. The ab-
domen is slightly longer than the cephalothorax, which is narrow in
front and widens rapidly back of the head, the thoracic region proper
being as broad as it is long. The posterior margin of the cephalothorax
is very noticably procurved above the peduncle.

The legs are rather long and slender. The fourth pair is longest,
measuring about 13 mm. The front pair measures 10mm. They are
sparsely covered with dark hairs and beset with black spines.

The ground color of the legs is dull yellow, but they are darker
toward the ends, and some of the joints, particularly the femora, are
banded near the middle and at their extremities by the darker shade.
The coxe are lighter above and below than the general ground color of
the legs. At the proximal end of the trochanters, anteriorly, is a slight
roughened prominence or two much darker in color. The brownish
cephalothorax presents a dull yellow middle stripe, widest back of the
eyes, and two somewhat undulating lateral stripes of the same color.
The dorsal groove is marked by a fine dark line. From its anterior end
a forked stripe of brown runs forward to the eyes. In the brown area
between the central and lateral stripes of the cephalothorax are several
darker streaks arranged radially from the dorsal groove. The ground
color of the abdomen is a darker brown than that of the cephalothorax.
It is finely punctate with dull yellow. On the front half is a pointed
yellow stripe running back to the region of the muscle depressions, and
there are faint indications of transverse streaks on the hinder half. The
sternum is light in the middle and darker around the edges. The under
side of the abdomen is similarly colored, except that in the central line of
the lighter area is a darker streak running from the epigynum to the
spinnerets.

I do not know the male of this species. Have taken the
female in June about Manhattan, and in August at Waconda
’ Springs. On the latter occasion nearly all the females were
carrying cocoons of eggs.

Oct., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 261

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.

Fig. 1.—Xysticus modestus, dorsal view of female.
‘* 2.—Phidippus ferrugineus, dorsal view of female.

“* 3.— oP eS side view.

‘* 4.—Araneus singeformis, dorsal view of female.
“ 5.— 3s 7 ventral view.

“ 6.— 2) “ epigdnum.

‘© 7.—Lycosa wacondana, dorsal view of female.

The American Genera of the Bee Family Dufoureidae.
By HENRY L. VIERECK.

As defined by Robertson, Can. Ent. xxxvi., p. 37, this family
constitutes a compact group of genera in the old Panurgide.

Labial palpi with the first joint distinctly longer than the next three, second
joint at least one-third as long as the first joint ; posterior
femora in the male laminate ; abdomen not toothed.

Neohalictoides n. g., type N. (H.) maurus Cress.
Labial palpi with the first joint distinctly shorter than the other three,
second joint about three-fourths the length of the first joint.
MMMAIOREN cd attcr. Qa a a mp ee om Epihalictoides Ckll.
Legs elaborately produced into spines and angles.
Cryptohalictoides n. g., type C. spiniferus n. sp.

Labial palpi with the first joint rather shorter than the next three joints
together, the second joint about one-half the length of the first
OMS SOME Cer ae ea ese SS a. ae Parahalictoides Ckll.

Labial palpi with the first joint about one mm. shorter than the next three
joints together, the second joint about two-thirds the length
of the first joint or a little shorter; head narrow, distinctly
longer than broad ; male with a pointed tubercle on the poste-
rior trochanters . . Conohalictoides n. g., type C. lovelli Vier.

Cryptohalictoides spiniferus n. g. n. sp.

3’. 11 mm. long. Head.—Front closely and finely punctured, frontal
impression represented: by a faint impressed line, above the insertion of
each antenna is an oval impression ; vertex with the punctures larger
than on the front and scattered, closest back of the ocelli ; cheeks if any-
thing a little broader than the eye, punctured like the front; distance
between posterior ocelli a little less than the distance between the lateral
ocellus and the nearest eye margin ; clypeus closely punctured nearly
hidden by the hairs hanging over it, apparently smaller than the labrum ;
labrum convex, smooth, somewhat longitudinally striated, punctured on
the lower margin ; mandibles with a short blunt tooth not far from the
apex ; scape about as long as the second joint of the flagellum, pedicel-
lum distinctly shorter than joint one of the flagellum, the pedicellum and
the first joint-of the flagellum together shorter than the second joint of the

262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 04

flagellum ; pubescence of the head pale whitish, thin and loose, most
abundant below the antennz, where it almost obscures the surface ; head
black, mandibles brownish, flagellum, except the first joint brownish
beneath.

Thorax.—Prothorax rounded, presenting a transverse fold, dull, rugu-
lose ; dorsulum shining and with distinct punctures well separated on the
posterior half, the anterior half dull with the punctures almost adjoining ;
scutellum sculptured like the posterior half of the dorsulum, with a slight
median groove; postcutellum rugulose; metathorax with its superior
face scooped out and striated the striz rather close together and regular,
the central one strongest, posterior face with an indistinct sulcus, the sur-
face rugulose as is the surface of the metapleura ; legs with the following
peculiarities, anterior tibize swollen, produced into an angle on the ante-
rior margin, this angle is notched and has a beak on one side of the
emargination, beyond the angle is a finger-nail-like production which
shuts down on the apical tubercle of the inner side of the metatarsus ;
metatarsus at base with a blunt production, the other tarsal joints of the
anterior legs not produced, claws cleft ; medial legs with the femora pro-
duced into a large triangular process posteriorly, that is as long as the
femur, tibiz almost triangular in outline, the production on the anterior
margin emarginate so as to give the appearance of a truncate process on
the anterior margin ; metatarsus broadly produced near the hase, flattened
and laminate posteriorly on the apical half, apex anteriorly produced
into a blunt process the other tarsal joints as on the anterior legs; pos-
terior legs with the femora produced posteriorly and drawn out into a
slender styloid process rounded at the tip and directed backward and
inward, tibia broadly produced the production directed inward and pro-
vided with two strong processes, the anterior process like a claw and
directed forward and outward, the tip directed backward and outward,
the posterior process is broad and blunt, almost truncated and directed
downward and slightly outward, metatarsus somewhat flattened broad
and angulate on the posterior margin, first joint of the small tarsal joints
about as long as the next two together, the terminal joints as in the mid-
dle and anterior legs ; wings brownish, nervures very dark brown, stigma
nearly black, first recurrent nervure nearly interstitial with the first trans-
verse cubitus. Abdomen shining, rather coarsely tessellate, the broad
margins brownish, distinctly depressed and minutely punctured, fifth
ventral segment with a triangular space sharply outlined, terminal dorsal
segment with a narrow median impunctate space, at the apex of the
abdomen the pubescence is nearly as abundant as on the face below the
antennze. The metathorax and abdomen are less pubescent than the
rest of the body, first three dorsal segments with white pubescence ; the
fourth, fifth and sixth with black pubescence. Black, legs partly inclining
to brownish, apical two or three tarsal joints and claws brown.

Type locality, Nevada. ‘Type, Am. Ent. Soc., Phila.

Oct., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 263

Notes on the Orthoptera of the Keweenaw Bay
Region of Baraga County, Michigan.
By James A. G. REHN.
(Continued from p. 237, Vol. xv, No. 7.)
Dissosteira carolina (Linnzus).

Twelve specimens ; four males, eight females. Pequaming,
August 8, II, 20, 21, 22, 25 and 31. Road along lake shore,
August 20. Brulé on mainland opposite Pequaquawaming
- Point, July 31.

‘* The first specimens of this species were seen on July 18th.
They did not become very common till the end of the month,
and were restricted to colonies along dry, dusty roads. In
September, when all other grasshoppers were very much
thinned out, this species had not diminished in numbers.’’

Circotettix verruculatus (Kirby).

Twenty-five specimens; fourteen males, eleven females.
Pequaming, July 18 (shore, edge of tamarack swamp), 22, 27,
31; August 2, 21 and 31, L’Anse, July 23: Point Abbaye,
July 31. Shore of Keweenaw Bay, L’Anse et Vieux Desert
Reservation, July 22.

‘“This species first appeared on July 16th; they increased
rapidly in numbers and were quite common until almost the
end of August, about the town, in the lumber-yard and among
driftwood on the shore. By September rst they had become
very scarce, and the few specimens I took were in bad condi-
tion. Their flight is very strong, and they spring off with
such swiftness that they are difficult to catch even with a net.
They are very shy, but can be approached from the rear to
within striking distance, if sufficient care is used. They fly
high when alarmed, sometimes going far above the treetops,
and I have seen one, when thoroughly frightened, fly swiftly

out over the lake until lost to view. They start up with a
sharp crackling; when frightened, however, usually flying

silently ; but they delight in hovering ten or fifteen feet
above the ground, making, meanwhile a great clatter, which
may be heard many yards away. ‘This noise is kept up while
ascending and descending, and is usually given two ‘‘ crackles’’
at a time.’’

264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’04

Podisma glacialis canadensis E. M. Walker.

Six specimens ; two males, four females. L’Anse et Vieux
Desert Reservation, August 20, 31; September 4 and 5
(swamp, in thicket, on hazel bush).

‘‘ While beating some bushes in a ditch, on August 31st, I
took two specimens of this species; returning to the same
place the following week, I succeeded, with some difficulty,
in taking a few more. ‘They seemed to be in this locality
only, and were there restricted to certain bushes. Besides
those I took from the ditch, I took one specimen from a clump
of raspberry vines; all the rest were beaten from clumps of
hazel bushes, which are scattered through the high pastures.
I beat each bush heavily, and in this way probably took a
good share of the specimens stirring so late in the season. I
took but one specimen without the net; this was a large
female which I espied sunning itself on one of the topmost
leaves of a hazel bush. It clasped itself tightly to the leaf,
with the hind legs drawn down closely to the body and the
antennz held motionless. In this posture it was so well pro-
tected that I would never have seen it had I not picked a
Melanoplus off a neighboring leaf, and, in so doing, almost
touched it, causing it to move slightly. I took it in my hand,
but hardly any effort was made to escape, and it clung firmly to
my finger, and when touched shrank sideways in a peculiar
manner. Owing to the fact that I did not beat the bushes in
this vicinity before August 31st, it seems probable that Podisma
had been there in perhaps greater numbers than I found it,
for all other forms of Orthoptera appeared long before this date.

‘“Coloration of $ .—All the colors and markings were very
bright; deep emerald green appearing almost translucent,
back purplish brown with a median chain of cream-colored
marks.

‘“The males are active jumpers, easily springing from one
part of the bush to another. They were quickly on the alert,
but trusting to their very protective coloration they would not
not jump till almost touched by the net.

‘“General color of 9.—Clear dull grass green, the exact
shade of the cloth of a billiard table.’’

Oct., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 265

These specimens agree very well with three representatives
of this race from North Bay and North River, Ontario, re-
ceived from Mr. Walker. They are quite distinct from P. g.
variegata, which is readily separated by the characters given
by Walker. It is, of course, of rather questionable import-
ance to name a form like canadensis, which is a logical inter-
mediate between the two extremes of the species, but in view
of the distinct geographic ranges of the three races, as at
- present understood, it is probably the most convenient.

Melanoplus islandicus Blatchley.

Five females. Pequaming, July 16 (hemlock woods) ;
August 21 and 28. Baraga Co., August 30 (woods).

“Very scarce. Specimens taken in damp woods among
dead leaves, marsh grasses and ferns.’’

These specimens agree very well with a female individual
from De Grassi Point, Ontario.

Melanoplus huroni Blatchley.

Three specimens; two males, one female. Pequaming,
July 2 and 4. Foot of Point Abbaye, July 24 (huckleberry
barrens).

Blatchley found this species in wild red raspberry tangles
on La Salle Island, Lake Huron, Michigan.

Melanoplus extremus (Walker).

Seven specimens; two males, five females. Pequaming,

July 2, 4 and g; August 18.

_ “Very scarce. A few specimens taken in early July. They
were all taken in the same clearing where I took so many
Mecostethus in August, but with the other Me/anopli they were
all captured in the higher part of the clearing where the grass
was short. They were, of course, unable to fly and seemed
very poor at jumping.’’

One male belongs to the long-winged form (scandens Scud-
der) and the remainder to the short-winged type. This single
specimen is the only one taken as late as August 18.

Melanoplus fasciatus (Walker).
One male. Pequaming, July 18.

266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’04

This specimen belongs to the long-winged form (volaticus
Scudder).

Melanoplus femur-rubrum (De Geer).

Thirty-eight specimens ; fifteen males, twenty-three females.
Pequaming, July 5, 6, 10, 18, 22, 31; August 12, 16, 21, 25,
and 31 (woods, meadow). Baraga Co., July 10, August 2
(meadow).

Melanoplus atlanis (Riley).

Seventeen specimens ; seven males, ten females. Pequaming,
July ro, 31; August 1, 5, 6, 8, 20, 21 and 31 ; September 6
(meadow). Baraga Co., July 22 (barrens near marsh), August
20 (road along lake shore).

‘This species closely resembles 17. femur-rubrum in almost
every respect. They were to be found all of the time I was
in Pequaming this season (from July 1st to September 8th),
being most plentiful toward the end of July. This species was
very abundant among driftwood along the lake shore at the
edge of the marsh; in midsummer they were there by the
hundred. I noticed that, when alarmed, they frequently
sprang or flew out over the lake, where, falling in, they
quickly propelled themselves to shore.’’

Melanoplus luridus (Dodge).

Nine specimens; one male, eight females. Pequaming,
July 18 (shore), 22; August 16 (meadow), September 3.
Brulé on mainland opposite Pequaquawaming Point, along
shore of Keeweenaw Bay, July 22.

These specimens are much darker than individuals from De
Grassi Point, Ontario, but otherwise identical. I have fol-
lowed Blatchley (Orth. of Ind., p. 325) in considering /uvidus
and collinus as the same species. ‘The evidence given is so
strong that there is no alternative.

Melanoplus femoratus (Burmeister).

Forty-seven specimens; twenty-two males, twenty-three
females, two nymphs. Pequaming, July 9, 11 (meadow), 12,
18 (edge of tamarack swamp, on shore), 20 (meadow), 23
(meadow), 25 (meadow), 26 (woods on shore, road along

Oct., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 267

lake shore, woods near marsh), 27, 31; August 1, 5, 6, 9,
9, 16 (meadow), 21 and 31.

‘“ This species did not appear till about the middle of July.
They were to be found most plentifully in fields of tall grass,
but in one spot among the driftwood at the foot of ‘*‘ The
Point’’ I found a colony, restricted to a small area but con-
taining many specimens. The males fly well, jumping up
with alacrity, but never fly more than fifteen to twenty feet ;
- the females also fly, but are very clumsy.”’

These specimens have the posterior tibiz uniformly blood
red, varying slightly in intensity, thus placing them in femo-
vatus. ‘The form of the cerci is also that figured by Scudder
as typical femoratus. Personally I believe femoratus and bivit-
tatus to be geographic forms of the same species, very closely
related, but still typical of each other over large areas.

TETTIGONID£.
Scudderia pistillata Brunner.

Thirty-five specimens ; twenty-seven males, seven females.
Pequaming, August 20 (road along lake), 21 (meadow), 31;
September 5 and 6. Baraga Co., August 21 (meadow), 30
(woods) ; September 5 (on hazel).

‘“*T heard the first Katydid about the 12th of August, and
as this is the only large Locustid found in this region I knew
what species was producing the sound; before this date there
was no insect which made a loud noise at night, now in the
evenings “‘ zikk-zikk-zikk-zikk’’ ‘‘ zikk-zikk-zikk-zikk’’ could
often be heard. A week later they were plentiful, and in the
meadows and pastures their daytime note of ‘‘zzikk’’ was to
be heard on all sides. In spite of the cold weather before I
left, I found them as plentiful as ever on the last day on which
I collected, and on the very cold days before that they were
stirring, and several specimens were taken. Having found
that they preferred the tops of bushes, where they could sun
themselves, eat and stridulate, I found them easy to capture,
for approaching slowly and cautiously, one could usually get
within a few feet of the musician before it took alarm and
ceased its music. I took numbers while beating the bushes

268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’04

for Podisma and other insects. I captured a few specimens of
Scudderia in the grass on July 3d, when they were smaller
than a Tettigid.’’

Xiphidion fasciatum (De Geer).

Kighty-nine specimens ; forty-four males, forty-five females.
Pequaming, July 21, 22; August 1 (meadow), 5 (swamp,
meadow), 9, 12 (meadow), 14, 15, 21, 25 and 31; September
2,5 and 6. Baraga Co., August 21 (meadow and swamp).

‘First mature specimens seen on August 1st. After this
date they were very plentiful in all marshy places where there
was tall grass, excepting in the great marsh—there, for some
reason, none were to be found. The note produced by the
males is high pitched but pleasing; it was very faint, and
could be heard only as a continuous undertone in Nature’s
great fall orchestra.’’

Several specimens possessed wings and tegmina of unusual
length when compared with the commoner type. |

Ceuthophilus terrestris Scudder.

Ten specimens ; eight males, two females. L’Anse et Vieux
Desert Reservation, July 15, 26, 27; August 19, 31.

‘On the 15th of July, under the stones about the Indian *
war-dance ground, I took nineteen specimens of this species,
most of which were full grown. ‘They were good jumpers,
but the majority relied on their protective coloration, and
remained motionless when the stone under which they were
was turned over. They were to be found only under the large
flat stones over the graves, which are noticeable now only by
slight depressions about the war-dance circle. Their color
was clear shiny brown, which blended perfectly with their
surroundings.’’

GRYLLIDA.
Nemobius fasciatus (De Geer).

Sixty-seven specimens; thirty males, thirty-seven females.
Pequaming, July 18, 31; August 1 (swamp), 5 (swamp), 6,
8 (meadow), 9 (swamp), 12 (meadow), 16 (meadow), 29 and
31; September 6. Brule on mainland opposite Pequaquawa-
ming Point, July 22. Baraga Co., August 30 (woods).

Oct., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 269

‘‘Common almost everywhere except in the woods. After
August 1st the mature specimens were most plentiful, espe-
cially in meadows and damp places, and their ‘‘ creeeeeeeeeeeee’’
or ‘‘ creee-creee-creee-creee’’ could be heard on every side.’’

Of the above-mentioned series but four specimens, two
males and two females, belong to the long-winged type. As
is usual in this species, a great amount of color variation is
noticed in the individuals examined.

-Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister.

- Fifty-six specimens; thirty-five males, twenty-one females,
one nymph. Pequaming, July 3, 18, 22, 28 (in decayed ani-
mal), 28 and 31; August 4, 12 (meadow), 14 (meadow), 21,
29, 30 and 31; September 5. Baraga Co., August 22, Sep-
tember 1 (meadow).

‘“This species was common under stones in fields and pas-
tures. I found them particularly common under the stones
scattered over the lumber mill sawdust pile. There were usu-
ally one male and one or two females under each suitable stone,
but under one large stone I discovered four males and as many
females. Their high, shrill chirping was constant, and could
be heard at quite a distance from the sawdust pile. I have
found the snake Storerta occipitomaculata under the same
stone with a pair of these crickets. One day I came upon
two males waging war under the edge of a stone. They
were facing each other and, with wing covers half raised, one
kept up a continuous whirring sound, sometimes rising in
volume to a chirp. The other responded with a succession of
faint chirps. They continued to edge around each other for
several minutes, but I was obliged to leave and was unable to
witness the outcome of the struggle.’’

The males in this series have the tegmina, almost without
exception, solid blackish ; while the females present all types
from a blackish tegmen with a slight brown humeral vitta, to
those with the whole organ considerably suffused with dull
ochraceous. The latter type of coloration will be seen to
approach /uctuosus, but the smaller size and shorter ovipositor
separate it from that form.

270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’04

List of the Tabanidae (Horse-flies) of North

Carolina.

By C. S. BrimiEy and FRANKLIN SHERMAN, JR.,
Raleigh, N. C.

The present list is based upon collections made by the
authors, for the most part in the last two years. The deter-
minations have been made by Prof. James S. Hine, of Ohio
University, to whom the authors are greatly indebted for this
aid. ‘The two species Chrysops brimleyi and C. fulvistigma
were described by Prof. Hine in Canadian Entomologist, Feb-
ruary 1904, vol. xxxvi, p. 55, from specimens sent him by the
senior author.

As both the authors live at Raleigh, this locality has been
more thoroughly worked than any other, but to a greater or
less degree collecting has been done in this family in various
localities from the seashore to an altitude of 4000 feet-in the
western part of the State. The credit for the very complete
Raleigh records and notes on the comparative abundance of
the species is due mainly to the senior author, whose work is
confined principally to this locality, while most of the records
for other localities is due to the junior author, whose duties
give opportunity for work in various other localities.

All the species listed, with the exception of 7abanus allynii,
have been actually taken by us, and that species is included
on the positive record that it is known to occur in this State
(Can. Ent., vol. xv, 1883, p. 110). Indeed, North Carolina
is the type locality for this species. .

Except when otherwise stated, specimens are in the cellec-
tion of the senior author, or of the N. C. Department of Agri-
culture, in charge of the junior author. . .

In nomenclature we have adopted the generic sequence usu-
ally recognized, but under the genera the species are arranged
alphabetically.

The letters in parentheses immediately following the name
of a locality denote its general position in the State; thus, the
position of Raleigh, which is near the eastern border of the
central portion of the State, is denoted by (E. C.).

Oct., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 271

1. Chrysops brimleyi Hine.

This species is described as new by Prof. James S. Hine in
Can. Ent. for Feb. 1904, vol. xxxvi, p. 55, from specimens
sent him by Mr. Brimley, for whom it is named. Specimens
in collection of Prof. Hine.

Raleigh (E.C.). Late April and early May 1903; com-
mon,—a number taken ; also taken in 1992; C. S. Brimley.

2. Chrysops callidus Osten Sacken.

Raleigh (E. C.). Abundant in its season. May 7 to July
17, 1902; C. S. Brimley. May 24, 1902; F. Sherman.

3. Chrysops celer Osten Sacken.
Raleigh (E. C.). Not common. May 7, 1902; May 13,
1903; C. S. Brimley.

5. Chrysops flavidus Wied.

Raleigh (HE. C.). Abundant. May 20 to July 17, 1902;
C. S. Brimley. .

Beaufort (E.-coast). June 1, 20, 1903; F. Sherman.

_5. Chrysops fugax Osten Sacken.
Only the one record. Specimens in collection of Prof. Hine.
Raleigh (E. C.). May 15, 1903; C. S. Brimley.

6. Chrysops fulvistigma Hine.

This species is described as new by Prof. James S. Hine in
Can. Ent. for Feb. 1904, vol. xxxvi, p. 55, from two females
sent by Mr. Brimley. No otherstaken. Specimens in collec-
tion of Prof. Hine.

Raleigh (E. C.). July 17, 1902; July 15, 1903; C. S.
_ Brimley.

7. Chrysops lugens Wied. (— C. morosus).

Raleigh (E. C.). Common. May 20 to July 17, 1902;
C.S. Brimley. July 2, 1903; F. Sherman.

Blowing Rock (W. 4000 feet.) June 27, 1901 ; F. Sherman.
8. Chrysops mechus Osten Sacken.

Raleigh (E. C.). May 2, 7, 1902; common in April; also
May 13, 22, 1903; C. S. Brimley.

Winston (C). August 4, 1903; S. W. Foster.

272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’04

9. Chrysops niger Macq.

Raleigh (E. C.). May 2, 7, 1902; common in April; also
May 13, 22, 1903; C. S. Brimley.
ro. Chrysops obsoletus Wied.

Raleigh (E. C.) Common. May 26 to July 31, 1902; Cc. S.
Brimley. July 2, 3, 1903; F. Sherman.
rr. Chrysops pudicus Osten Sacken.

Only one record. Specimen in collection of Prof. Hine.
Raleigh (E. C.). July 17, 1902; C. S. Brimley.

12. Chrysops univittatus Macq.

Raleigh (E. C.).. Common. May 7 to July 31, 1902; in
1903 to September 3d; C. S. Brimley.

Clayton (E.). May 22, 1902; F. Sherman.

Greensboro (C.). August 25, 1902; F. Sherman.
13. Chrysops vittatus Wied.

Raleigh (E. C.) The most abundant of the genus in late
’ summer. May 26 to July 21, 1902; C. S. Brimley. August
19, 1902; C. O. Houghton.

Beaufort (E.-coast). June 11, 18, 1903; F. Sherman.

Southern Pines (S. E.). August 15, 1902; C. O. Houghton
and F. Sherman.

14. Diachlorus ferrugatus Fabr.
Only one record. Specimen in collection of Prof. Hine.
Lumberton (S. E.). July 3, 1903; F. Sherman.
15. Tabanus allynii Marten.
This species has not been collected by us, but is included,
as North Carolina was given as the type locality by Marten in
the original description (Can. Ent., vol. xv, 1883, p. 110.

16. Tabanus americanus Forst.

This species does not seem to be at all common, although it
has been taken in several widely separated localities.

Raleigh (E. C.). June 19, 1902; C. S. Brimley. August
18, 1902; F. Sherman.

Beaufort (E.-coast). Summer of 1903 . sent by Mr. Gudger,
of Marine Biological Laboratory.

:
:

Oct., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 273

Brinkleyville (N. E.).. August 6, 1902; F. Sherman.
Flighlands (extreme S. W.; 3000 feet). August 1903 ;
S. W. Foster.

17. Tabanus atratus Fabr.

Raleigh (FE. C.). Rather common in late summer. June
17 to July 29, 1902; August 24, September 7, 14, 1903; C.S.
Brimley.

Thomasville (C.). September 2, 1902; F. Sherman.

18. Tabanus carolinensis Macq.

Raleigh (E. C.). Not common. May 2, 13, 1902; C. S.
Brimley. Specimen in collection of Prof. Hine.

19. Tabanus cerastes Osten Sacken.

Raleigh (E. C.). May 29, June 19, 1903; C. S. Brimley.

Blowing Rock (W.; 4000 feet). August 29, 1902; F.
Sherman.

_ 20. Tabanus cinctus Fabr.

Only one record of this rare and handsome species.
Wilkesboro (W.; about 2000 feet). June 21, 1901; F.

-Sherman.

21. Tabanus coffeatus Macq,
Only one record. Specimen in collection of Prof. Hine.
Raleigh (FE. C.). July 23, 1902; F. Sherman.

22. Tabanus costalis Wied. .

Raleigh (E. C.). June 9, 1903; C. S. Brimley.

Beaufort (E.-coast). Abundant, sharing with 7. nigro-
vittatus in numbers. August 9, 11, 1902 (2 $6); F.
Sherman. June 15, 1903 (69); June 20, 1903 (¢); F.
Sherman.

23. Tabanus fronto Osten Sacken.

Raleigh (E. C.). Abundant in late summer. July 23 to
September 14, 1903; C. S. Brimley. July 15, 24, 1902;
F. Sherman.

24. Tabanus fulvulus Wied.

Raleigh (E. C.). Common. June 21, 1902; May 28, June

8, 9, 1903; C. S. Brimley.

274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’o4

25. Tabanus giganteus De Geer.
Raleigh (E. C.). Seems to be rare. August 24, 1903;
C. S. Brimley.
Oakdale (C.). August 22, 1902; F. Sherman.

26. Tabanus gracilis Wied.
Raleigh (E. C.). July 8, 1903; C. S. Brimley;
Princeton (E.). - July 28, 1902; F. Sherman.
Brinkleyville (N. E.). August 6, 1902; F. Sherman.

27. Tabanus lineola Fabr.
Raleigh (E. C.). Common. June 19 to July 3, 1902; C. S.
Brimley.
Beaufort (E.-coast). June 20, 1903 (%); F. Sherman.
Lumberton (S. E.). July 3, 1903; F. Sherman.
Red Springs (S. E.). June 21, 1902; F. Sherman.

28. Tabanus longus Osten Sacken.
Widely distributed, at least in the eastern half of the State,
although not known to be common. .
Raleigh (E. C.). August 24, 1903; C. S. Brimley.
Lumberton (S. E.). July 3, 1903; F. Sherman.
Princeton (E.). July 28, 1902; F. Sherman.
Brinkleyville (N. E.). August 6, 1902; F. Sherman.
Oakdale (C). August 22, 1902; F. Sherman.

29.-Tabanus melanocerus Wied.

Raleigh (KE. C.). Common. June 7 to July 3, 1902; C. S.
Brimley.

Andrews (extreme S. W.). July 24, 1901; F. Sherman.

30. Tabanus molestus Say. ;

Raleigh (E. C.). Common. J 7 to July 20, 1902;
June 8, 1903; C. S. Brimley.

Beaufort (E.-coast). Summer of 1903 ; sent by Mr. Gudger,
of Marine Biological Laboratory.

Boomer (W.; 2000 feet). June 24, 1901; F. Sherman.

31. Tabanus nigrescens Pal. Beauv.
Raleigh (E. C.). July 10, 1902; C. S. Brimley.
Greensboro (C.). August 1902; F. Sherman.

Oct., *o4} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 275

32. Tabanus nigrovittatus Macq.

Prof. Hine informs us that this is a coast species, which is
in accord with our only records.

Beaufort (E.-coast). Abundant, sharing with 7. costa/is in
numbers. June 13, 15, 1903 (6 9); F. Sherman.

33. Tabanus pumilis Macq.

Raleigh (E. C.). May 7 to July 7, 1902; C. S. Brimley.

Beaufort (E.-coast). June 11, 18, 1903; F. Sherman.
34. Tabanus recedens Walker.

Only one record. Specimen in collection of Prof. Hine.

Maxton (S. E.). May 31, 1902; F. Sherman.

35. Tabanus stygius Say.

Raleigh (E. C.). This is the common large species that
settles on the collector in summer in low grounds in this locality.
May 30 to July 10, 1902; C. S. Brimley.

36. Tabanus trimaculatus Pal. Beauv.

Raleigh (E. C.). Common. June 7 to July 23, 1902;

C. S. Brimley.

37- Tabanus turbidus Wied.
Only one record. Specimen in collection of Prof. Hine.
Princeton (E.). July 28, 1902 ; F. Sherman.

38. Tabanus variegatus Fabr.

Raleigh (EF. C.). September 2, 26; October 2, 29, 1903 ;
C. S. Brimley.

Snow Camp (C.). August 22, 1902; F. Sherman.

Greensboro (C.). August 1902; F. Sherman.

39. Tabanus weidemanni Osten Sacken.

Only the one record given below. Specimen in collection
of Prof. Hine.

Boomer (W.; 2000 feet). June 24, 1QOI ; F. Sherman.

40 Tabanus sp.

A species of Zabanus distinct from the others here mentioned
was collected at Raleigh (E. C.). September 7, 1902, 3 ; Sep-
tember 1903; by C. S. Brimley. The specimen is in the col-
lection of Prof. Hine, and has not yet been definitely identified.

276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’o

Some Little-known Bees of the Genus Colletes.
By T. D. A. COoCKERELL.

The following table and notes are based on specimens in the
British Museum, the species of F. Smith being represented by
the types, and those of Spinola apparently by cotypes.

A.—Abdomen not at all blue or green.

Large, Andrena-like, thorax with conspicuous ochreous or fulvous pu-
bescence; abdomen without conspicugus continuous hair-
bands, or with none ..... 2.0) 3 4 Sei sy Sepa ce I.

eet of ordinary Collefesfform ... s°. 3 ope oe oe 3.
. Malar space longer than broad; size larger than the others; stigma
practically obsolete ; serene recurrent nervure’ with only a

gentle single curve (Chile).

nigriventris Sm. (probably same as nigroventris Spinola).

Malar space much broader than long; stigma distinct. ...... 2.
2. Abdomen distinctly subfasciate; second recurrent nervure with a
strong double curve ; second and third submarginal cells about
equally broad above...) '. issu Gane thoracica Sm. 9.
Abdomen not fasciate ; second recurrent nervure with a slight double
curve ; second submarginal cell extremely broad, much broader
than third... 0.0. 1 = intricata Sm. &.
3. First abdominal segment with strong punctures; disc of thorax with
ochraceous or fulvous hair, not at all mixed with black ; abdo-
men with broad continuous hair-bands .......... 4.
First abdominal segment without strong punctures; disc of thorax
with dull white or griseous hair, mixed with black ; abdomen
only subfasciate .-... ...5 . ee eon eee 5.

4. Larger; stigma dark brown ; thoracic pubescence short and fulvous.

perplexa Sm. 9...

Smaller ; stigma orange-fulvous ; tarsi light red . mandibularis Sm. <j.
5. Abdomen obconical, shining; stigma ferruginous; hair of face dull

white 200 a nitida Sm. 9°.
Abdomen broader and duller ; stigma very dark ; hair of face longer
and with much black a sides ..... {aan grisea Sm. 9.

B.— Abdomen blue or green.

Dorsum of thorax covered with short, dense, very bright red hair ; abdo-
men brilliant dark purple-blue; malar space fairly large, but
broader than long; stigma distinct but small; second recur-
rent nervure with a strong double curve (Mendoza, Argentine).

bicolor Sm. °.

Dorsum of thorax without such red hair... ............ '¢

Me li iad

2 .
Oct., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 277

1. Abdomen bluish green ; malar space longer than broad ; stigma small
but distinct; second recurrent nervure with a double curve
OP een soni Ad a he tak SEL albopilosa Spinola.
Abdomen brilliant dark blue, shot with purple; hair of thoracic dor-
sum entirely black; malar space much broader than long;
stigma small but distinct, second recurrent nervure only

slightly curved (Chile).
cyaniventris Spinola (syn. of cyanescens Haliday).

The following additional details will be useful :

C. ursina Sm. 2. Columbia. Close to C. grisea. Malar
space very large, much longer than broad; hair of head and
thorax black and grey mixed; stigma small, piceous ; second
recurrent nervure with a strong double curve.

C. nitida Sm., C. thoracica Sm., C. mandibularis Sm. (% ),
and C. perplexa Sm., all have the malar space short, at least
twice as broad aslong. C. grisea Sm., has it large, not greatly
broader than long. C. ¢ztricata Sm., has it fairly long, but
still much broader than long.

08

Additional Dragonfly (Odonata) Records for |
Western Pennsylvania.
By E. B. WILLIAMSON.

The following list of dragonflies is based on a collection
from Sandy Lake, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, made by Dr.
D. A. Atkinson, to whom I am indebted for the specimens.
Dr. Atkinson writes me that ‘‘several coal mines drain into
Sandy Lake, and the water from these has killed off (or driven
away) all the fish and turtles. In adjoining swamps I took a
few turtles and a number of snakes. I saw a frog, Rava cates-
biana, catch and eat a small blue dragonfly (Avallagma
hagenti ?).”’

‘‘Man marks the earth with ruin,’’ destroying native floras
and faunas, especially in mining, manufacturing and oil-pro-
ducing regions, and the captures of Odonates made by Dr.
Atkinson are here recorded in the belief that at some future
time, more than at present, they will be of value to the stu-
dent of geographical distribution.

The dragonfly fauna changes quickly with changed envir-

sci alar tale eRe

278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’04

ronment. The partial drainage of a swamp may result in the
disappearance of certain species ; the opening of a gravel-pit or
the making of an artificial lake in a park may result in the
almost immediate appearance of species hitherto unsuspected
in the neighborhood. Every stream, bayou and ox-bow bend,
every lake, pond, marsh and artificial body of water may have
its peculiar species, all trace of which will sooner or later be
lost by natural topographical and ecological evolution or the
substitution of artificial conditions, unless some printed record
be made of their occurrence. For this reason more collecting
and more lists are desirable. Especially is this true in west-
ern Pennsylvania.

Dr. Atkinson collected at Sandy Lake, July 8-10, 1904.
Species designated * are additions to the list of dragonflies ob-
served in western Pennsylvania. See Ent. News, March,
1902, pp. 65-70, and April, 1902, pp. 108-113. Seventy-two
species of Odonates have now been observed in this region.

1. Lestes rectangularis, several specimens of both sexes.

*2. Argia tibialis, two males, one female in the collection.

3. Chromagrion conditum, three males.

4. Nehalennia irene, one of each sex.

5. Amphiagrion saucium, one male.

6. Enallagma hageni, thirteen males.

7. Cordulegaster diastatops, one male. In the ENT. NEws,
April 1902, p. 110, No. 41, Cordulegaster maculatus is an incor-
rect determination. The specimen recorded is C. diastatops.

8. Leucorhinia intacta, four females.

9. Sympetrum rubicundulum, several of each sex.

10. Sympetrum obtrusum, three males.

*r1. Libellula quadrimaculata, one male.

The Egg Cocoon of the Triangle Spider.
By THro. H. SCHEFFER, Manhattan, Kan.

From the evidence at hand it seems that nothing has ever
been published concerning the cocooning habits of that inter-
_ esting little orb weaver, the Triangle Spider (7ytHiotes cavatus).
The species was first described by Hentz under the name

Oct., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 279

Cyllopoda cavata, a single specimen furnishing the characters
for the description. Later, 1875, Prof. G. B. Wilder of Cor-
nell University published in the Popular Science Monthly a
more extended description of the spider, its snare, and peculiar

Photograph by J. H. Comstock.

method of manipulating the same, referring to the species as
fHyptiotes americanus. In this article appeared an illustration
showing a tiny white cocoon suspended by two or three slen-
der threads from a small branch of evergreen. ‘The author
thought it might be the cocoon of Ayftiotes, and suggested
further observation to verify the conclusion.

It was my good fortune the past year, during the progress
of a series of investigations begun at Ithaca, N. Y., on the
cocooning habits of spiders in general, to settle the question
finally, though not in favor of the cocoon referred to above.
That probably belongs to one of the smaller Theridiids. Two
females of Hyptiotes, imprisoned in glass tubes the first week
in September, furnished the key to the situation by spinning a
cocoon each on the cork stopper. After that, by careful search,
any number could be found in the field, though nearly all
noticed for a week or so were old cocoons of the previous sea-
son. They are usually located on the dead branches of pine
just below a bud, where by reason of their protective colora-
tion they are not easily seen. They are small plano-convex
objects, elongate oval in outline, and resembling somewhat
certain scale insects. The average length is from five-sixteenths

280 ; ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., "04

to three-eighths of an inch, and the width a little over one-
eighth of an inch. In texture they are paper-like; in color

they differ scarcely at all from the dull gray and brown of the —

twig. Their most distinctive feature, noticeable only on close
inspection, is the presence of fine cross-striations due to very
many parallel lines of silk loops or points, darker in color than
the background and standing up like the pile on velvet. The
flat side of the cocoon, applied to the twig, is white. Old
cocoons have a weathered appearance and show little trace of
the striation mentioned above. Each has also, near the down
twig end, a small opening through which the young spiders
escaped.

Quite a number of spiders in one locality made the mistake
of attaching their cocoons to a red-painted foot-bridge across
a small creek. In this situation their gray tints made them
very conspicuous, in fact, noticeable at. some distance.

Each cocoon contains from five to twelve pale buff eggs
which adhere slightly, although they cannot be called agglu-
tinate. A few freshly spun cocoons were found during the
first half of September, but it was not until some two or three
weeks later that the majority of the females laid their eggs.
Upon the advent of cold weather the eggs were still un-
hatched, so it is likely that they remain in that condition
until spring.

ns

Two New Species of North American Stenopel-
matinae (Orthoptera).
By JAMES A. G. REHN.

Pristoceuthophilus marmoratus n. sp.

Type: ¢&; Mountains near Claremont, Los Angeles Co.,
California. (C. F. Baker). Collection Academy Natural
Sciences, Phila.

Allied to P. rhoadsi Rehn, from Uruapan, Mexico (Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., xxix., p. 17), but differing in the slenderer

antenne, the strongly tuberculate abdomen, and the slenderer
> posterior tibize and tarsi.

ms

Se aan ott

Oct., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS. 281

Size rather small, form elongate fusiform, the dorsum very distinctly
arched. Head with the vertex declivent, the acute fastigial process
directed forward and downward, somewhat depressed, apex rather
blunt ; interspace between the eyes broad ; eyes sub-trigonal, not promi-
nent ; antennz approximately twice as long as the body; fifth palpal
joint slightly longer than the third, slender, the apical two-thirds with the
axis at an obtuse angle with the basal third. Pronotum strongly convex
in transverse section ; anterior and posterior margins truncate, lateral
lobe with the inferior margin subtruncate. Mesonotum and metanotum
with their exposed portions subequal; posterior margins subtruncate ;
lateral lobes with the inferior margin obliquely truncate, extending con-
siderably below the level of the pronotum ; surface of the mesonotum
almost as smooth and glabrous as the pronotum, metanotum with the
anterior portion glabrous, but bearing a transverse series of numerous
low obscure tubercles. Abdomen somewhat compressed ; posterior
portion of the ventral surface of each segment ornamented with trans-
verse series of irregularly sized tubercles, more distinct and more numer-
ous than on the metanotum ; cerci rather short, hardly as long as the sub-
genital plate ; subgenital plate broad, apically with two distinct carinz
extending from the base of the styles half way to the base, apical mar-
gin broadly and shallowly emarginate ; styles thick, short, apically acute.
Anterior femora a third again as long as the pronotum, anterior margin
with a single pre-apical spine, posterior margin unarmed. Median
femora slenderer than the anterior but of the same length, anterior
margin with a single pre-apical spine, posterior margin with a slender
genicular spine, a distinct pre-apical spine, and several smaller depressed
spines. Posterior femora about as long as the head and body united,
considerably inflated, slightly more than three times as long as broad,
external inferior margin very minutely serrulate ; internal inferior margin
very distinctly serrulate, except in the genicular portion; tibiz about
one-tenth longer than the femora slightly sinuate in the proximal half,
four pair of spurs present, minor serrations distinct and sharp, calcaria
with the medium pair over twice the length of the others, under surface
with six paired adpressed spines on the apical section ; metatarsi slightly
longer than the remaining tarsal joints combined, second over twice the
size of the third.

General color ochraceous and ochraceous-buft marbled and finely
sprinkled with blackish brown ; posterior femora with the scalariform
markings distinct, and the posterior tibiz rather imperfectly annulate.

MEASUREMENTS.
Eeetpth of body 65 oe be eae es os
Leneth. of promotain 355-309 5 2b ale a
Greatest width of ponotum. ......... «3.6 *
Length of posterior femora’. ......... «oS *

Length of posterior tibiz 4. oo oe a ere

282 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’04

Phrixocnemis inhabilis n. sp.

Type: 9; St. Louis, Missouri. November 15, 1903. Col-
lection of Morgan Hebard.

Allied to P. bellicosus Scudder from Colorado, but differing
chiefly in the somewhat larger size, stouter antennz, shorter
posterior femora, and more regularly disposed spurs of the
posterior tibize.

Size medium, form obese, surface smooth. Head short and broad;
vertex depressed, subvertical ; interspace between the eyes very broad ;
eyes roughly diamond-shaped, distinctly projecting ; palpi with the fifth
joint very slightly longer than the third, curved, excavated below for a
slight distance from the tip ; antennz about equal to the body in length.
Pronotum slightly compressed, rotundato-arcuate in transverse section ;
anterior and posterior margins subtruncate, lateral lobes with the inferior
margin truncate. Mesonotum and metanotum with the exposed portions
subequal, posterior margins truncate ; lateral lobes slightly deeper than
those of the pronotum, inferiorly arcuate. Abdomen little compressed ;
supra-anal plate trigonal ; cerci tapering, about half as long as the ovi-
positor; subgenital plate transverse, rotundate; ovipositor slightly
arcuate, robust, regularly decreasing in width, slightly more than half the
length of the posterior femora, apex obliquely truncate with the upper
point produced into a distinct spiniform process, inner valves with five
distinct apical hooks. Anterior femora slightly longer than the pronotum,
inferior margins unarmed. Median femora bearing two to three spines
on each of the inferior margins, no genicular spine present. Posterior
femora about two-thirds the length of the body; moderately expanded,
slightly more than three times as long as broad, genicular region not con-
stricted, inferior margins moderately serrato-dentate, intervening sulcus
broad ; posterior tibize slightly shorter than the femora, moderately
arcuate, four pair of strong spurs present, calcaria stout, those of the
external face subequal, the internal face with the two superior ones sub-
equal and considerably longer than the inferior one, inferior surface with
an apical pair of adpressed spines, and a few inconspicuous scattered
spinules ; posterior metatarsi about equal to the fourth tarsal joint, second
and third joints subequal.

General color ferruginous, the hides) segments suffused with
chestnut ; eyes blackish.

MEASUREMENTS.
Length of body...) 60. 2 2 eae 11.5 mm.
Length of pronotum. .. . ; « . 1 is sae 8
Greatest width of pronotum. . . .; . .s)4 3g
Length of posterior femora . 10 Si
Length of posterior tibize . . ... + 5°) 4-3) ee
Length of ovipositor . . 05 05.5% 9 ae.

ee east

> ean ae ee ee

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]

To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at out
. earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘copy’”’ into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five “‘ extras,’ without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers wiil be acknowledged.—Eb.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., OCTOBER, 1904.

We are pleased to see the increased interest in entomology
and the rapid progress being made in almost every way. Our
subscription list has grown to such an extent this year as to
make Vol. XV practically out of print. More people are tak-
ing up the study than ever before, and students and collectors
are turning their attention to orders other than Lepidoptera
and Coleoptera. The interesting and beautiful little Micro-
Lepidoptera are receiving the attention they deserve, and
monographs and revisions of some of the families are promised
in the near future. The insects of economic importance are
being studied in a more scientific way and everywhere the
study is looked upon with more respect. The subject of
insects as carriers of disease is one of the greatest subjects that
confronts the medical man and the zoologist at the present
time, and the good already accomplished is amazing and the
future full of the brightest promise.

If some one would write a sketch of the progress of ento-
mology since about 1860 it would undoubtedly be of great

interest.
283

mh

284 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’04

Notes and News.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

DurING the summer Prof. H. F. Wickham made another collecting
trip to the West. He visited chiefly the little known southern portion of
Utah. He went to Utah Lake, Sevier Lake, and Little Salt Lake, in
search of variations.of Cicindela echo, and made large collections in the
vicinity of St. George, Leeds and the Pine Valley Mountains.

DISPOSITION OF THE DE SELYS COLLECTION OF NEUROPTERA.—(We
translate the following from the Compte Rendu of the meeting of the
Entomological Society of Belgium, held May 7, 1904.) M. Severin
announced to the meeting that the children of our lamented Honorary
President, M. de Selys, have madé a gift to the State Museum of the col-
lections of Neuroptera of their father, containing the types of his descrip-
tions and numerous types of older authors: Hagen, Latreille, Rambur,
etc. M. Severin intends to entertain the Society with further details of
this new addition to the national collections. The meeting received this
communication with lively satisfaction, and M. Lameere proposed to

direct the secretary to transmit to the de Selys family the thanks of the

Society for this inestimable gift to the Museum of Natural History. The
proposition was unanimously adopted. (Annales, Soc. Ent. Belg. xlviii,
p. 180).

NESTS OF ANTHIDIUM ILLUSTRE Cress.—A clay bank at Denver, Colo.,
furnishes a veritable mine of interest and information for the entomologist.
A number of species have been taken from it. A study of their habits, life
histories, enemies, etc., would furnish a full summer’s work and the infor-
mation obtained fill a small volume. While collecting there three years
ago I took a number of woolly nests which afterwards produced specimens
of the above species.

A specimen with a nest was sent to Mr. Henry L. Viereck for determi-
nation. He says that the species is undoubtedly A. i/ustre though dif-
fering in maculation, and calls attention to the fact that this case supports
the (as yet unproven) theory that all species of Authidium are “ cottoners,”’
z. €., use a cottony substance in constructing their nests.

A number of these nests were collected and.were, apparently, built in
deserted burrows of Anthophora occidentalis with which the bank is
honeycombed. In color the nests were either white or brown, the white
ones predominating. A microscopical examination shows that the former
are constructed of the pile which covers the galls produced by 77ypeta
bigelovie which are abundant near the nesting place of the bee. The
brown cells appear to be made from the pappus of some composite flower,
the species of which we were unable to determine. The nests vary some-
what in form, but are usually cylindrical, about 20 mm. long and 8 mm, in
diameter. They are placed end to end and commonly number two to
four in a burrow.—S. ARTHUR JOHNSON.

aa =

Oet., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 285

EMPHYTUS GILLETTEI MacG. (Tenthredinidz).—The following de-
scription, furnished by Prof. C. P. Gillette, was published in the report
of the Colorado Agric. Experiment Station in December, 1902, page 13.
It is reprinted here so as to make it more available for other workers.

Emphytus gillettet.—Q. Black, with the following parts rufous; the
apex of the anterior femora, the anterior tibiz and tarsi beneath, the
apex of the middle femora, middle tibia and tarsi beneath, the posterior
femora and tibiz, and the basal segment of the posterior tarsi; with the
following parts white : the tegulz, the cenchri, the anterior trochanters at
apex, the middle and posterior trochanters, and a transverse band on the
~ base of the fifth abdominal tergum, slightly attenuated at middle; thestigma
and wing veins dark brownish ; the first submarginal cell more than twice
the length of the second ; the third segment of the antennz slightly longer
than the fourth ; the clypeus roundly and deeply emarginate, the labrum
filling the emargination and angulate at apex; the saw guides obtusely
pointed at apex. Length 8 millimeters.—A. D. MACGILLIvRay.

~~

Entomological Literature.

Tue Honey Bee: Its NaATuRAL History, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
—By T. W. Cowan, F. L. S., F. G.S., F. R. M. S., etc. Illus-
trated with seventy-three figures and one hundred and thirty-eight
illustrations. London: Houlston & Sons, Paternoster Square.

This is an excellent little work of two hundred and twenty pages. It is
well indexed and gives a valuable bibliography. . It is a work that every
one interested in bee culture should possess, and also one that would be
of value to all students of general entomology who wish information
about this interesting insect.

<40>

Doings of Societies.

At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social, held June
16th, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 South 13th
Street, Philadelphia, nine persons were present.

Mr. H. Wenzel showed Lepturges regularis, a rare Ceram-
bycid, from Frankford, Pa. This is the first record of the spe-
cies in this vicinity.

Mr. Daecke exhibited a species of the rare Dipterous family
Acroceridze, Oncodes costatus, which was reported as fairly
abundant at Castle Rock, Pa., June r2th, by Mr. Wenzel.

Mr. Wenzel stated that he had taken four more specimens of
Cychrus elevatus unicolor on Five Mile Beach, N. J., on May
30th. Specimens from this locality seem to form a distinct race.
The peculiarity of a cychrus living on the low coast in contrast
- to the usual hilly situations was referred to. .

286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 40 ©

Mr. Bland referred to the scarcity of burrowing beetles near
English Creek, N. J. This he ascribed to the dry sandy soil
of the region, which did not permit the insects to form perma-
nent burrows. Discussed by Messrs. Wenzel, Bland and
Daecke, who referred to the more or less permanent burrows
of Hymenoptera in sandy places.

Mr. Bland referred to the absence of records of Coleoptera
from Burlington County in the ‘‘ Catalogue of Insects of New
Jersey. He had taken TZylophorus sellatus and Galerucella
nymphea abundantly in that county recently.

Dr. Castle spoke of a recent trip to Virginia. Insects were
very rare.

WitiiAM J. Fox, Secretary.

Minutes of meetings of Brooklyn Entomological Society,
held at the residence of Mr. Geo. Franck, 1040 DeKalb Ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

January 8, 1903.—Twenty-four persons present, the Presi-
dent in the chair. Officers elected for the ensuing year : Pres-
ident, John B. Smith ; Vice-President, Edward 1. Graef; Sec-
retary, Archibald C. Weeks; Zveasurer, Christopher H. Rob-
erts ; Librarian, Richard F. Pearsall; Curator, Geo. Franck.

Mr. Weeks read Captain Jonathan Carver’s descriptions of
the seven insects observed by him in his explorations in the
vicinity of the Great Lakes in 1766, and designated by him as
‘the ‘‘Silk-worm,’’ ‘“Tobacco-worm,’’ ‘‘Bee,’’ “‘Lightning Bug
or Fire Fly,’’ ‘‘ Water Bug,’’ ‘‘ Horned Bug or Stag Beetle,”’
and ‘‘ Locust.’’

Mr. Charles W. Leng stated that he had examined a large
series of specimens of the genus Aippodamia from the United
States and had reached the conclusion that divisions based on
maculation alone were unreliable and that in fact not more
than six good species should be recognized north of Mexico.
The variation in maculation is geographical rather than struc-
tural.

« Mr. Wm. T. Davis reported the capture of Homoglea car-
nosa Grote, and Catocala herodias Strecker at Lakewood, N. J.
Prof. Smith stated that Cic’ndela lepida also occurred in this —

Oct., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 287

locality, a most unusual one for a species, whose normal habi-
tat is the inner margin of ocean beaches. It is probable that
at some remote period the beach line had extended inland to
this point and as the waters receded this colony of beetles
remained.

February 5, 1903.—Eighteen persons present, the President
in the chair.

Mr. Wm. Beutenmuller was elected a member. Drs. Call
-and Love were elected members of the Executive Committee.

_ Discussion of Dr. Dyar’s ‘‘ List of North American Lepid-
optera:’’ Messrs. Smith, Call, Franck and Weeks pronounced
it, despite minor omissions, a monument indicative of the ad-
vancement of Lepidopterological science. Mr. Weeks com-
pared Dr. Morris’ check list, published forty years ago, which
contained 1800 species, and his prediction that the number
would eventually reach 3500, with the present work, which
contained even 6000, with certainly many species yet to be
added.

Prof. Smith presented a paper upon ‘“‘ Fossil Insects,’’ illus-
trated by lantern slides, showing fossil remains of insects of
all orders occurring in various strata of the tertiary and carbo-
niferous ages. Insects at these remote periods were already
well advanced in structure as well as of unusual size.

A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, was held May 26th. In the
absence of the Director and Vice-Director, Dr. D. M. Castle
presided. Ten persons were present. Dr. Skinner spoke of
the peculiar habitat and geographical distribution of Pyrzgus
centauree, and said a knowledge of its food plant and life his-
tory would be of great interest. Mr. Frank Haimbach exhi-
bited some recent collections of Microlepidoptera. Mr. R.
Godfrey reported taking “later sayit and Spheridium scara-
bgoides in the city limits. He was the first person to report
the latter species in New Jersey. Dr. Calvert exhibited some
rare and interesting Odonata. He said Mr. McLachlan had
described a genus and species from an unknown locality. A
specimen had subsequently been received in France from Chi-

288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [Oct., ’04 |

‘riqui. A figure of this species is given in the Biologia Centrali-

Americana. Mr. Underwood collected four specimens of this
species, Zhaumatoneura inopinata, in Costa Rica. ‘Two speci-
mens of a new species of the same genus, taken by Mr.
Underwood, were also exhibited.

Aeschna sitchensis from Pequaming, Michigan, taken by Mr.
Morgan Hebard, was also shown. This is the first record for
the United States. Cordulegaster sayi, taken by Mr. Rehn, at
Thomasville, Georgia, was new to the collection. The speaker
also exhibited Riker mounts of Hemiptera, Diptera, and also
some insects of economic interest. Mr. Rehn exhibited Or-
thoptera from Mexico, collected by various persons. Among
them was a new genus and species of the family Pyrgomor-
phini, also 7eniopoda picticornis, and an allied species separated
as Burmeisteri—they show great variation in color. A new
species of the genus S¢ypater was shown, being the largest
known species.

HENRY SKINNER, Recorder.

The September meeting of the Newark Entomological
Society, was held on the 11th, with President Keller in the
chair, and nine members present.

The minutes of the previous meeting were sail and ap-
proved.

The resignation of Mr. R. Godfrey was read and accepted.

Messrs. Brehme, Doerfel and Kraemer, were appointed a
committee of three to provide for suitable quarters, lunch and
refreshments for a little ‘‘time’’ among the members, to be
held October 9th, after the regular meeting, in honor of the
twentieth anniversary of the Society’s organisation. Mr.
Wormsbacher volunteered to furnish the music.

Mr. Buchholz reported the capture of Acronycta funeralis in
Elizabeth, May 8th, and the emerging of a 9? of Smerinthus
jamaicensis from among thirty pupee of \S. geminatus.

Mr. Eugene Winship, of Long Branch, N.J., was proposed
for membership by Mr. Brehme.

After that, adjournment upon motion.

Orto BUCHHOLZ, ‘Secretary,

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

pal en Sears cams: t

VoL. XV. NOVEMBER, 1904. No. 9.
CONTENTS:
Moore—Courtship of Mayflies......... 289 | Kearfott—Notes on the Life History of
Banks—Yellow-fly of Dismal Swamp.. 290 Polychrysa formosa Grote......... 301
Cockerell—New Genera of Bees....... 292 | Ashmead—A new Torymid from Utah 302
Daniel—New California Thysanoptera 293 | Adams—Descriptions of new Oscinid# 303
Skinner—A new Thecla from the MOMtOriale ooceccdietssc is cunaweeuetes 305
IVORENWORE Won voce s-s se ntecaisesese Soe RES ANG, NOB Sous 5 0cceenes seeps aes 306
Girault—Dysphaga tenuipes Hald.; Entomological Literature ............. 312
Brief notes; record of a parasite 299 ' Doings of Societies ..................-- 313

Courtship of Mayflies
= By R. M. Moore, M. D.

We usually expect all courting to be done by the male sex
so the following observation may be of interest as showing that
some of the Ephemeridze recognize leap year.

One warm damp evening in this June, just as I sat by my
study table, close to an open widow, my attention was attracted
by the dropping onto the blotter of a female Betis propinguus
Walsh ; in a moment she was followed by eight males. These

alighted fairly near to the female and remained in about the

same position as where they landed without showing any special
excitement, occasionally waving their bodies from side to side
and waving their anal setee. The female on the contrary showed
great excitement, waving her body and waving her setz almost
constantly. She seemed in this way to obtain some sense of
direction, and by it to locate the position of the males. As soon
as she settled where one was she would back up towards him,
stopping a moment to wave her body from side to side and
then continue her retrograde movement.

289

290 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’04 —

At no time did I see her move towards a male except by
backing towards him. ‘The males acted very ungallantly, as
when she approached one near enough to touch him with her
setze, he would fly up in the air with a peculiar little hopping
flight and land an inch or two away. When one rejected her
advances she stood still for a moment and waved from side to
side until she got the direction of another and backed towards
him, only to have the same thing repeated. Once she flew
out of the window alighting on the window-sill ; immediately
several of the males followed; she stayed on the sill but a
minute or two, then flew onto the blotter again, bringing her
train of admirers with her. I then captured her and her fol-
lowing. Once again during the evening a female flew into
the window followed by four males; they remained for two or
three minutes and then flew away. Although the window
was open and the gas burning until after midnight, at no time
did any of the males come in except they were preceded by a
female.

The insects I sent to Mr. Nathan Banks who kindly deter-
mined the species for me.

—<23r-

The “ Yellow-Fly” of the Dismal Swamp

By NATHAN BANKS

Several times I have heard those who have travelled in the
Dismal Swamp tell of the ‘‘ yellow fly’’ which infests that
region at certain times of the year. All accounts had put it
down as one of the worst biting flies known to the traveller.
Specimens, however, were never available, and until lately I
supposed it was some local species of .Chvysops. Recently a
friend visited the region and was severely bitten ; he obtained
specimens, and these, on examination, prove to be Déachlorus
Jerrugatus Fabr., a Tabanid more closely allied to 7abanus
than to Chrysops.

This species has been reported from Mexico, Florida and
the Carolinas. The specimens sent me came from the Vir-
ginia portion of the swamp, and were taken about the 14th of

ee ee

Nov., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 291

July. The fly is mostly yellow, with a brown tip to the abdo-
men, and the tip of the antenize likewise brown ; the legs
are yellow, except the front tibize and tarsi, and the apical
part of the middle and hind tarsi are blackish. The hind
tibize are also sometimes black in part. The wings have a
faintly yellowish tinge on the base, with a brown stigmal
mark, and the apex beyond end of second longitudinal vein
blackish. The eyes in death, are green, with blue bands; one

- near the hind margin, another parallel to it across middle of

eye, and giving off a branch forward to the anterior corner of
the eye, near the callosity.

According to local statements this fly is supposed to breed
in the juniper tree, but probably does in the water. It appears
about the first of July and remains about one month, disap-
pearing after a heavy rain near the first of August. They are
most vicious at and near twilight, and rarely noticed during
the hot part of the day. It is stated that they do not attack
horses or cattle, but sometimes assail dogs ; the human species,
at rest after the day’s labor, seems, however, to be their par-
ticular hobby. ‘They do not fly far, and houses one half mile
away from an infested locality may be exempt from their in-
vasions,

They settle on the hands or face, insert the lancets of their
beak, and suck up the blood. If allowed to suck their fill in
peace, the spot is not very painful, and does not remain long.
But if they are disturbed, as is usually the case, the spot
swells, becomes inflamed, and itches fearfully, according to

‘reports. I have seen the red, swollen spots upon the hand of

a person twelve days after being bitten. It would seem that
when inserting the lancets they inject a small quantity of saliva
or some poisonous fluid; that if disturbed, they leave this
liquid in the bite to cause trouble ; but if allowed to suck their
fill most of this fluid or inflammatory matter is sucked out
with the blood. This of course is a natural inducement for
the host to leave the fly undisturbed, resulting in greater
benefit to the fly, and lesser pain to the host.

Much remains to be learned regarding the ‘* Yellow-fly,’’
but its name is now known.

292 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’04

New Genera of Bees.
By T. D. A. COoCKERELL,
CLADOCERAPIS n. ¢.

Male with joints of flagellum with processes directed for-
wards, on upper side, and large branches bearing little filament-
like processes, often forked, on under side ; area of metathorax
smooth and shining, with an obscure transverse ridge ; basal
nervure meeting transverse medial ; first recurrent nervure
joining middle of second submaginal cell; second recurrent
nervure entering third submaginal cell a short distance from
its end. Type Cladocerapis cladocerus (Lamprocolletes clado-
cerus, Smith, 1862). Australia. Type of species examined
in British Museum.

TRICHOCERAPIS n. g.

Male with antennal joints 10 to 12 reduced to mere threads,
ciliate on one side ; joint 13 an oval flat dark disc ; wings very
hairy ; malar space large, in the type species black, contrast-
ing with the adjacent yellow mandible. .

Type Zrichocerapis mirabilis ( Tetralonia mirabilis, Smith, —
1865) Brazil. Type of species examined in British Museum.
The structure of the antennze reminds one of 7haumatosoma.

HYPANTHIDIUM n. g.

Second recurrent nervure passing well beyond second sub-
marginal cell, as in Dianthidium, but no pulvillus ; apex of
male abdomen bilobed or entire. Type Wypanthidium flavo-
marginatum (Anthidium flavomarginatum, Smith, 1879).
Brazil. Also includes 1. elegantulum (Smith), H. flavopictum
(Smith), and H. guttatum (Latr), all hitherto referred to
_ Anthidium. I strongly suspect that flavopictum is the male
of elegantulum.

HETERANTHIDIUM n. g.

Second recurrent nervure meeting second transverse cubital,
as in Anthidium, s. str., but a large pulvillus on feet. End
of male abdomen pointed. Type WHeteranthidium dorsale
(Anthidium dorsale, Lep. Sm.). Georgia.

Nov., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 293

New California Thysanoptera.
By S. M. DANIEL.

Four species of Thysanoptera have been recorded from Cali-
fornia: Luthrips occidentalis, Euthrips tritici, Thrips tabaci
and Heliothrips fasciatus. ‘To this list I am able to add Helzo-
thrips hemorrhoidalis and the four new species Criptothrips
californicus, Euthrips pyri, Sericothrips apteris and Caliothrips
woodwortht.

Our species may be distinguished by the following synopsis:

Female without ovipostor (Phlceothripide).. ....... Criptothrips.

Criptothrips californicus nov. sp.

Female.—Length 1.7 mm. ; width 0.3 mm. ; general color black, dark
brown under the microscope.

Head cylindrical, 0.3 mm. long, 0.15 mm. wide, about as wide as pro-
thorax is long. Cheeks almost straight and nearly parallel, set with a
few minute spines; surface of head finely cross-striated. Eyes quite
large, occupying about three-fifths the width of the head, quite finely
faceted and protruding very slightly ; ocelli situated far forward, poste-
rior ocelli close to margin of eyes, front one on apex of prolonged vertex
of head, color same as that of second antennal segment. Antenne
inserted below vertex, approximate at base, about one and one-half times
as long as head, eight-segmented ; length of segments : 31, 53, 79, 68, 58,
31, 45, 31. First segment concolorous with head, second base concolor-
ous with first, apex light brown, third and base of fourth and fifth pale
yellow, the rest of the antennz shading to dark brown. Spines and sense
cones quite prominent.

Prothorax comparatively small, about one-half length of head. One
prominent spine at each posterior angle, anterior marginal and mid-lat-
eral spines wanting. Surface finely cross-striated. Pterothorax approxi-
mately as wide as abdomen, nearly cylindrical, narrowing abruptly in front,
gradually behind. Wings extending to about the seventh segment,
fringe long and wavy. Legs long and slender; fore coxa projecting
strongly, fore femora scarcely thickened. Femur, tibia and tarsus bare,
with the exception of a number of small spines, more numerous and
longer on fore tibia than on the others. Legs concolorous with body.

Abdomen long and slender, cylindrical to about the seventh segment,
a little more than twice as wide as head; from this segment tapers grad-
ually to tube. Tube a little more than half the length of head, sides
straight, converging slightly, width at middle about one-fourth that of
head ; four terminal hairs approximately as long as tube, six shorter ones.
Spines at sides of abdomen slender, pale, prominent, two on sides of each
segment. Segments overlapping considerably ; sides of abdomen black,
shading to russet-brown at center,

294 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’04

This species is not uncommon at Berkeley and in Southern
California, being found on Orange and other trees infected
with the black scale (Sazssetia olez@). It is found very com-
monly beneath the old scale, among the eggs, probably feeding
on them.

Female with ovipositor down-curved (Thripidz).

Antenne with sevensegments. .........+.+s.+4.-s Thrips.
Antenne with eight segments.

Body with markedly reticulate surface... ...... Heliothrips.

Body not reticulate.
Abdomen clothed with fine hairs and having a silky lustre.

Abdomen without such clothing... ......... Euthrips.

Thrips tabaci Lindeman,
Food-plants : onion, cabbage and chrysanthemum.
HTab.—San Francisco and Berkeley.

HELIOTHRIPS.
Antenne abont twice as long ashead ......... hemorrhoidalis.

Food-plants : cherry-laurel and laurestina.
Hlab.—Berkeley.

Antenne two and one-half times as long as head. ..... . fasciatus.

Food-plants : Orange leaf infested with Aspidiotus aurantit.
Hab.—Yuba County.

EUTHRIPS.
Seventh antennal segment about as long as eighth . & cae . ee pyri.
Seventh antennal segment about twice as long as eighth.
Fifth antennal segment about five-sixths as long as fourth.....occidentalis.
Food-plants : orange, milkweed and various weeds.
FTfab.—Berkeley, Pomona and Lake County.

Fifth antennal segment two-thirds as long as fourth . ...... tritici.

Food-plants: rose, both cultivated and wild, bean, tomato,
apple and myrtle.

Hab.—Berkeley, Watsonville, San Francisco and Lake Co.
Euthrips pyri nov. sp.

Female,—Length 1.26 mm. ; width of mesothorax .32 mm.; general

color dark brown. Head about as long as broad ; cheeks convexed ; an-
terior margin broad, acutely angular ; back of head transversely wrinkled,

F
'

Nov., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 295

and bearing afew minute spines. Eyes medium, black, with light bor-
ders rounded or oval in outline, coarsely faceted, hairy. Ocelli yellow,
margined inwardly with reddish brown crescents, widely separated, pos-
terior ones contiguous, with light borders around eyes; one very long
slender spine on each side midway between ocelli. Mouth cone pointed,
tipped with black ; maxillary palpi 3-segmented. Antennz 8-segmented,
approximate, slightly over twice the length of head. Length of segments:
33, 43, 55, 52, 35, 50, 8, 10. Antennz brown, except segment three
which is yellow. Spines pale, conspicuous, special sense organs on seg-
ments three and four.

Prothorax longer and wider than head ; bears many prominent spines,
the one at each anterior angle, and the two at each posterior angle are
longest. Color, yellow-brown ; faintly cross-striated.

Mesothorax approximately as wide as antenne are long ; front angles
obtusely rounded ; metanotal plate bears four spines close to front edge,
middle pair equal in size and prominence to those at the angles of pro-
thorax, the others are small; pterothorax yellow-brown, transversely
wrinkled.

Wings present, extending slightly beyond abdomen, about twelve
times as long as wide, pointed at ends ; surface of wings thickly covered
with minute brown spines; both longitudinal veins and costa of fore-
wings thickly set with quite long, brown-colored spines, placed regularly
on costa and hind vein ; costa has from 29-33 spines, fore-vein 12-15, and
hind vein 15-16; veins not prominent ; costal fringe of fore wings about
twice as long as costal spines.

Legs moderately long, scarcely thickened ; femora and all except the
terminal part of tibia brown ; terminal part and tibiz and tarsi yellow, a
double row of twelve strong spines on the inner side of hind tibia, several
inconspicuous spines on fore and middle pairs.

Abdomen about two and one-half times as long as width of mesothorax,
cylindrical to eighth segment, then abruptly pointed. Spines on sides
and around tip of abdomen dark brown, conspicuous ; those on last two
segments are long and approximately equal. Color of abdomen dark
brown, connective tissue yellow.

Found on pear blossoms, San Leandro.

Sericothrips apteris nov. sp.

Female.—Length 0.745 mm. (0.65-0.84 mm.), width 0.34 mm.. Gen-
eral color very dark brown, nearly black.

Head 0.39 mm. long, 0.289 mm. wide, broadest just under the eyes re-
tracted slightly into prothorax, cheeks convex, converging very slightly
posteriorly, anterior margin slightly depressed at the insertion of the an-
tennz. Spines upon the head inconspicuous, a few small ones upon the
cheeks. Head dark brown, nearly black. Eyes moderately large, dark,
cornea appears as a light colored margin about the eye ; coarsely faceted,

296 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’04

occupying about one-half the width of the head. Ocelli wanting. Mouth
cone long, extending to mesothorax, tipped with black ; maxillary palpi
three segmented. Antenne eight segmented, bases separated by one-
half width of basal segment. Length of segments: 34, 59, 89, 68, 76, 119,
25, 42. Two basal segments broadest. First segment brown, second and
third yellow, base and sides shaded with brown, other segments brown,
the fourth being a shade lighter. Spines conspicuous, having become
specialized as sense organs on segments three to eight.

Prothorax about four-fifths length of head, and twice as broad as long,
widest in the middle, tapering abruptly to the head, less abruptly poste-
riorly. Each anterior angle bears a pair of short, divergently curved ~
spines, one curved spine at each posterior angle. Color dark brown.
Meso- and metathorax as long as head, diverging posteriorly, only a
little wider than prothorax; color dark brown; surface marked with.
transverse reticulating wrinkles appearing like striz in dorsal view.
Wings wanting. Legs about same thickness ; hind pair somewhat longer
than the other two. Femora brown, tibiz brown, shading into yellow,
tarsi yellow, brown at extreme tip.

Spines prominent and numerous on tibiz, one especially well defined,
at the posterior angle of the tibia of the third pair of legs.

Abdomen about one-half as broad as long; black, with silky lustre, a
transverse row of twelve dark brown spines, regularly spaced, across
segments two to seven. One long spine on the lateral margin of
each segment; narrow, dark brown, transverse reticulate wrinkles ap-
pearing as striz on first seven segments. Spines on last two segments
comparatively short but strong.

Very common at Berkeley on grass in winter and spring.
Female with ovipositor upcurved (£Zolothripide).... . Caliothrips.

CALIOTHRIPS nov. gen.

Entire surface of insect faintly reticulate and coarsely punc-
tate with the exception of the tibize and tarsi. Head slightly
wider than long. Ocelli present. Antennze 9-segmented, the
last three being much shorter and closely joined, the third and
fourth segments are equal in length and longer than any of the
others. Prothorax a little shorter than the head, without
large bristles.

Legs long and slender, bearing a stout spine at the base of
the posterior tibia, femora unarmed. Wings present, pointed
at tip; anterior wings with strong veins consisting of a ring
vein and one longitudinal vein, the longitudinal bearing stout
spines almost to the tip. Both wings are thickly set with

7

ie

GETS Y

Nov., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 297

short hairs. Fringe on posterior margin wavy. Wings white;
fore wings with two broad dark cross bands.

Abdomen with posterior margin of segments serrate, these
serrations becuming acuminate in the last five.

Caliothrips woodworthi.

Femaie.—Length 0.91 mm.; width of mesothorax 0.31 mm. General
color yellowish brown to brown.

Head slightly wider than long, rectangular in outline ; not retracted
into prothorax ; cheeks nearly straight ; surface of head reticulate and
closely punctate. Eyes large, black, circular, borders light, coarsely
faceted ; ocelli of medium size, yellow, and placed quite close together.
Mouth cone sharply pointed, maxillary palpi geniculate, 3-segmented.
Antennz 9-segmented, a little over three times as long as head, slender,
approximate at the base ; length of segments : I9, 35, 49, 49, 39, 32; 14, II,
18. Segments 1 and 2 cylindrical, light brown in color; second of little
greater diameter than first ; center of segments 3 and 4 nearly twice the
diameter of extremities, brown shading to yellow; segment 5 light at
base, apex concolorous with segments six to nine inclusive (dark brown).
Sense cones on segments 2 to 6 inclusive with portion beyond middle of
segments 3 to 6 bearing sense hairs.

Prothorax about twice as broad as long, a little wider than head, sides
slightly arched, no conspicuous spines, but several weak ones. Meso-
thorax smoothly rounded at the anterior angles. Metathorax slightly
narrower than mesothorax and tapering posteriorly. Entire surface of-
thorax faintly reticulate and coarsely punctate. Wings long, extending
beyond tip of abdomen, narrow, pointed at tip ; fore wings with strong
veins ; fringe on posterior margin long and wavy, about four times as
long as that on anterior margin ; anterior wings with two white bands,
one at the base and one just beyond the middle, with a dark brown band
between the white ones, and one at the apex of the wing. Hind wings
without these areas.

Legs pale yellow, except the middle of the femora and tibiz, where
they are concolorous with thorax. Femora coarsely punctate and faintly
reticulate ; tibiz clothed with several small hairs ; the under side of the
hind tibia bears a row of spines, the last being the longest and stoutest.

Abdomen obtusely conical, twice as long as wide, about the length of
the insect, brown, surface faintly reticulate and coarsely punctate. Seg-
ments gradually increase up to 4th, then gradually decrease to tip. Seg-
ments overlap considerably ; serrate, serrations appearing as strong
spines on the edges of segments 4 to 8 inclusive. Spines on last 2 seg-
ments fine lemon yellow, inconspicuous. Transverse oval areas in the
middle of segments 2 to 6, yellowish.

Found on grass in Berkeley.

298 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’04

A New Thecla from the Northwest.

By HENRY SKINNER

Thecla Johnsoni n. s.p. 9.—Eyes surrounded by a white ring ; palpi
brown, clothed with numerous white scales; antennz annulate, black
and white, tip black; body brown; legs annulate, black and white.
Upperside of primaries reddish brown, slightly darker along the costa,
marginal line black, immaculate. Secondaries reddish brown, immacu-
late ; marginal line black ; a fine black tail with a white tip and above it
an aborted tail with a white tip ; between the tail and the anal angle the
margin is clothed with long black and white hairs or scales. There are
also some white scales at anal angle on inner side of the black marginal
line. Underside is the same color as above but differs in having on the
primaries a curved line of white spots running from the costa nearly to
the inner margin, and curving parallel to the other margin. This line is
above an eighth of an inch from the edge of the wing. There is a similar
line or row of white spots on the secondaries extending from the costa
to the inner margin ; the white linear spots are not as contiguous as in
the primaries, the fifth from costa beiug quite out of line and the last one
is longer than any of the others. Marginal line black with a fine white
line on either side ; the marginal line ends at anal angle in a dense black
spot. There are four small spots between the white line and the margin,
upper three black with obsolete centres, and the fourth white and above
the anal angle. The male is like the female but smaller and darker in
color, being dark brown. It has the usual sexual spot. The expanse of
‘ one forewing of the female is 15.3 mm. and that of one forewing of the
male is 14 mm.

The female bears a label British Columbia, and I have had
the specimen many years and knew nothing about it. The
male was sent to me by Professor O. B. Johnson, of Seattle,
Washington, with the following remarks: ‘‘ The larve were
collected July 15, 1891, by C. V. Piper, one of my pupils,
while collecting botanical material. They were found on
Arceuthobium douglasstti Engl. a parasitic plant belonging to
the order Loranthacez, that is found on our hemlock, 7suga
mertensiana. He brought me but three larvse and enough of
the plant to feed them to maturity—one I inflated immedi-
ately, one I killed in the pupa state, while the last emerged
imperfectly. While alive and feeding the mimicry or resem-
blance to the plant is most remarkable, not only in coloring
which is a yellowish green in the plant and duplicated in the in-
sect, but with dark hastate markings which imitate the shaded
portions between the leaf clusters, I have been waiting all

Te hae eh

he Aiea ad

Nov., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 299 .

these years for more material but have not been fortunate
enough to find any.’’ This species 1s marked on the under-
side like 7hecla spinetorum Boisd. and it is just possible that
it may be a color phase of it.

<_

Dysphaga tenuipes Hald.
Brief Notes; Record of a Parasite.
By A. ARSENE GIRAULT.

A small branch (% inch diameter) of a species of oak on
the campus of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute at Blacks-
burg, Va., was found infested with several species of wood-
boring Coleoptera, which when bred, proved to be the following
species * : Stephanoderes quercus Hopk, MS.; Micrasis opacicollis
Lec.; Anthribus cornutus Say ; Dysphaga tenuipes ald. +

The bare and dead branch, and the conspicuous, fine, impal-
pable, flour-like, wood-dust on the leaves and ground below
the branch were the indications of attack. But a single
branch was found infested; this was cut into convenient
lengths, and put in a glass jar covered with cheese cloth, and
filled with moist earth. This jar was kept in the laboratory,
and on the following dates adults of Dysphaga tenuipes were
excluded : 21, 24 Nov., 1902; II, 14, 17, 19, 23, 28 Febru-
ary, 1903, those appearing on the latter date (28 February),
excluded in the green-house, 14 specimens ‘were obtained,
é’s, Q’s.

After remaining in the laboratory from 5 September, 1902,
until 25 February, 1903, they were removed to a green-house,
where the temperature ranged from go-100° Fahr., during the
day. Here they were supplied with fresh twigs; and here
they had plenty of sun-light (got very little, if any, before),
and soon became active, flying along the sides of the jar as do
moths, making quite a distinct buzzing sound, and resembling
small Sesiids on the wing.

After this, a supposed attempt at copulation was observed,
but beyond that, no signs of continued breeding were ever

*Letter U. S. Dept., Agr, Div., Ent., 18 Nov. 1902. Webb, J. L.,
Detr., by Schwarz.

{ Letter U. S. Dept., Agr., Div., Ent., 8 Dec., 1902. Hopkins, A. D.,
Detr., by Schwarz.

. 300 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 704

indicated, and this species is doubtless very difficult to rear in
confinement, dying in a few days of vain efforts to escape.

Adult exclusion was observed on 24 November, 1902. The
pupal integument is very thin. The wings are the last to be
excluded, and in order to free them, necessarily, the insect
has to bend sharply back, so that the dorsal portions of the
head approximate the dorso-caudal portions of the abdomen.
After exclusion, the body is pale, excepting parts of the head,
which are black. ‘The normal colors appear after from two to
three days; a short while after emergence, the minute elytra
become black-blue, remaining thus for a day or so.

Larva :—Resembles the round-headed borers (e. g. Saperda),
but is much shorter and assumes a curled position.

Pupa :—Long, straight, and regular in outline; slightly
narrowing at thorax (lateral aspect) ; cerambycid in form ;
eyes pinkish ; tip of abdomen blunt, armed with small bristles,
with which the pupa can move about to a limited extent,
white. Length, .25 — .313 inches.

When ready to molt, the hands of an artist only could come
anywhere near doing justice to its exquisite and delicate
beauty, its varying blends of color. The abdomen and
ground color of thorax are a strong straw yellow, while the
appendages are nicely shaded with blue ; eyes large and bright
brown ; tips of mandible reddish.

The pupa is formed just under a thin expanse of bark, in a
small chamber, plugged with a mass of wood fibres.

Parasite :—Parasites appeared from the infested twigs on the
15 February, 1903. They proved to be males of a new
Ptinobius, and were given the specific name dysphagae by Dr.
Ashmead, to whom they were sent for determination. I
advanced a doubt as to their being Dysphaga parasites, after
they were named, but as they are much too large to be paras-
itic on Scolytids, and as the Anthribids had disappeared the
previous fall, I think there can be, with reasonable certainty,
no doubt of it. Two (2) males were obtained; ‘‘the 9
should have spotted wings.’’ + Type in the United States
National Museum.

ee ae we | Nt eo Rie,

Nov., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Zot

Notes on the Life History of Polychrysia formosa Gr.
By W. D. KEARFOTT.

At the Southern end of Greenwood Lake, N. J., May 20,
1901, while digging up some plants of large yellow Ladies’
Slipper (probably Cypripedium hirsutum Mill.) I in some
way disturbed the repose of a singularly shaped larva, which
fell to the ground close to my hand ; the nearest plant was a

-low-growing huckleberry shrub, (probably Vaccinium nigrum

Wood or vacillans Kalm) some of the leaves of which were
enclosed in box with the larva, and as it freely ate them, I
have no doubt it is the food-plant.

Not appreciating the rarity of the larva, the moth from
which was later identified by Professor John B. Smith, I made
no detailed description of it, but the following notes may be
sufficient for others to recognize it if found :

Shape :—Like a much flattened triangle. The head is
small, and each segment to anal end slightly higher than the
one before it. The anal segment is three to four times the
height of head and segment 2, and it ends in a vertical line,
as if cut off with a knife at right angles to the body.

Color :—Pea-green, with whitish wavy dorsal band and
whitish wavy circumferential bands around each segment.
Length about 25 mm. Head bright green and very small.

About May 27th the larva spun a loose cottony cocoon of
white silk and a day or two later pupated, The cocoon was
loosely woven, roughly oval, about 25 by 20 mm. and consist-
ing of an outer wrapper rather evenly woven, in which were
inserted at about equal intervals a number (about 35) of tiny
pure white knots of silk, the inner covering rather loosely
woven, and the pupa was clearly visible through both. A
fine $ moth issued June 14, 1901, the pupa still remaining in
the cocoon.

Notes of larva skin :—Head 1.6 mm. wide by 2 mm. long,
rounded, slightly bilobed or cleft by paraclypeal suture, lobes
rounded, clypeus triangular, apex reaching to within one-third
of top. Mandibles dark brown, four indentations making five
teeth or points on each. Antenne short. Setze on head and

302 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’o

skin pale, very short, not longer than 1 mm. Neither pro-
thoracic nor anal shield chitinous.

Pupa, from empty shell:—Fifteen mm. long to tip of
- cremaster ; 4 mm. wide across thorax by 3mm, thick. Abdom-
inal segments tapering to a point. General shape slender and
elegant. Head and eye-caps make a triangular anterior pro-
jection. Cremaster .75 mm. long, armed with two large hooks
and four smaller ones.

Color of pupa whitish green, on upper side of thorax and
dorsal side of all abdominal segments, except 12 and 13, is a
black-brown patch, averaging 2 mm. in width, interrupted by
a small clear spot on posterior edge of thorax ; the same spots
are repeated on first and second abdominal segments and on
margin of patch about centre of thorax. On the last abdom-
inal segment is a small dorsal spot of the same black-brown
color. ‘The appearance of this patch is, asif the pupa had been
held for a moment, dorsum down, in cold-tar or pitch, and in
very striking contrast with the nearly white color. Setz on
pupa very minute.

A New Torymid from Utah.

By W. H. ASHMEAD.

Torymus wickhami, new species.

?.—Length 4-5 mm; ovipositor nearly 4mm, Head and thorax blue,
closely punctate or shagreened, with sometimes a faint greenish tinge in
certain lights, and clothed with a fine, short, glittering white pubescence;
eyes brown, the malar space distinct; ocelli pale; flagellum black or
brown-black, the scape blue with a yellow spot at base ; abdomen wholly
reddish-yellow, with the sheaths of the ovipositor black ; legs with the
coxz and femora blue, the tibize and‘tarsi yellowish, wings hyaline, the
veins brown-black.

Type.—No. 8133, U. S. N. M.

Milford, Utah. Described from two specimens taken July —
7, 1904, by Professor H. F. Wickham, and in honor of whom
this lovely species is named.

ON PAGE 271 of Ent. News for October 1904, there is an error in the
Raleigh records of Chrysops moechus, our only record for this species at
Raleigh is September 3, 1903, but in Mr, Sherman’s paper the whole
records for Chrysops niger at Raleigh are through some slip given for
moechus also.—C. S. BRIMLEY.

ten i. Ley weer ae
.

Nov., ’04]} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 303

Descriptions of New Oscinidae.
By C. F. ADAms.

Zoology Building, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

In some preliminary studies of the Hough collection of
Diptera, now in the University of Chicago, 1 have come
across some new forms of Oscintde, the description of which
I take pleasure in presenting here. The one described under
the name of fw/la belongs to the subgenus Chloropisca, and is
close to my /a/teralis from Arizona. Those under the names
of lasciva,rubrivittata, annulata, and certima belong to Chilo--
rops, sens. str., the last named standing close to avistalis Coq.,
and the others near pubescens Loew, and palpalis Adams.

Chlorops pulla n. sp.

Head reddish yellow, frontal triangle shining black, punctate on the
margins, sides converge gradually, and reach the anterior edge of the
front, which slightly overhangs the base of the antennz ; latter black,
reddish on lower margins, third joint orbicular, arista dark yellowish ;
facial ridges tinged with brown, clypeus black, palpi very small, brown-
ish black, proboscis concolorous ; upper half of occiput black. Mesono-
tum very dark reddish brown, shining, with three large and two small .
black vittz, of the former the middle one is short, reaching from anterior
margin to middle of mesonotum, the other two reaching from thc pos-
terior margin nearly to the humeri. the humeri largely shining black ;
pleura reddish yellow, a large and indistinct spot below and before the
base of the wing, and the lower half of the sternopleura black ; scutel-
lum same same color as mesonotum ; halteres yellow. Abdomen sub-
shining black, tip reddish yellow. Legs shining black, tip of coxz, and
knees reddish, tarsi fuscous. Wings hyaline, veins brown, third and
fourth slightly divergent, hind cross vein twice its length from the small
cross vein. Length 2.5 mm.

Two specimens. Colorado.

Chlorops lasciva n. sp.

A rather robust species, reddish yellow, abdomen reddish brown cen-
trally. the incisures brown. Third antennal joint, lower angle and lateral
margins of triangle, ocellar dot, two triangular vitte on upper part of
occiput, and palpi black. Arista whitish, base yellow ; median carina of
face rather prominent. Thorax with three shining black vittz, and a
very indistinct strigula above each wing, median vitta reaching two-
thirds way to posterior margin and latteral vitte reaching only three-
fourths ; pleura, humeri, and scutellum immaculate, metanotum black,
halteres light yellow. Second abdominal segment with a black spot in
each anterior angle. Legs yellowish, tips of tarsi fuscous. Wings hya-
line, third and fourth veins slightly divergent, hind cross vein twice its
length from the small cross vein. Length 3.4 mm.

One specimen. Opelousas, La., March.

304 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’

Chlorops rubrivittata n. sp.

Head yellow, frontal triangle shining, spot in lower angle, and ocellar
tubercle black ; first two antennal joints yellow, third black, orbicular,
arista white, base yellow; face and cheeks light yellow; palpi black,
proboscis and clypeus yellow; occiput with two black vittze above.
Thorax yellow, the three vittze and the two strigula on mesonotum red-
dish ; pleura immaculate, halteres and scutellum yellow; metanotum
black. Abdomen yellow, a spot on each anterior angle of the second
segment, and bases of the following segments black. Legs wholly
yellow. Wings hyaline, veins brown, third and fourth veins slightly
divergent, hind cross vein twice its length from the small cross vein.
Length 3 mm.

Four specimens. Opelousas, La. April.

Chlorops annulata n. sp.

Head yellow, frontal triangle shining, reaching three fourths way to
antennz, each angle, lateral margins narrowly, and ocellar turbercle
black, occiput blackish centrally, with two black lines extending to ver-
tex: first two joints of antennz yellow, third black, orbicular, arista
white, base yellow, palpi rather large, black, proboscis reddish, clypeus-
yellow, face and cheeks light yellow. Thorax yellow, mesonotum sub-
shining, with the usual three large black vittz and two strigule above
base of wings, the central one reaching almost to the scutellum, humeri
each with a black dot; pleura with four prominent black spots; scu-
tellum and halteres yellow ; metanotum black. Basal half of abdominal
segments subopaque black, apical half yellow. Legs yellow, femora and
tibize each with a black band, tips of tarsi fuscous. Wings hyaline, veins
brown, third and fourth veins slightly divergent, hind cross vein nearly,
twice its length from the small cross vein. Length 3 mm.

One specimen. Opelousas, La. April.

Chlorops certima n. sp.

Head yellow, third antennal joint, a spot in anterior angle of triangle,
vertex, occiput except sides and lower part, and clypeus black ; face and
cheeks whitish yellow, frontal triangle shining, reaching almost to the
anterior margin of front; third antennal joint orbicular, arista whitish,
base yellow. Thorax yellow; mesonotum with three broad and two
short and narrow vittz, the central one reaching three-fourths distance
to posterior margin, humeri without markings; pleura with one black
spot ; scutellum blackish on sides at base, metanotum black, halteres yel-
low. Abdomen dull yellow, basal third of second and following segments,
and an indistinct spot in center of each, black, the second segment also
with a black spot in each anterior angle. Legs yellow, tips of tarsi fus-
cous. Wings hyaline, third and fourth veins slightly divergent, hind cross
vein twice its length from the small cross vein. Length 3 mm.

One specimen. New Bedford, Mass. June.

ke ie A ee, |.

a nae ee

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]

To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers.and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy ’’ into the hands of the printer, for each num-

“ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., NOVEMBER, 1904.

Some short descriptions of new forms we see in print, leave
out entirely even structures used as generic characters in
modern restricted genera. ‘The fact that this state of affairs
exists warrants more than any other reason, unless it be
that of convenience in referring to a species whose exact
position in the classification is intended to be conveyed at
once, the recent subdivision of the old heterogeneous genera
into smaller genera, each based upon some salient structural
character. This scheme tends to empty the group charac-
teristics of a species into the generic diagnosis and forces
upon the student the recognition of characters too often
absent from descriptions. In describing a species an author
should test all characters previously employed. This done,
he should endeavor to throw more light upon structures
not yet used. ‘This seems to be the only way to do work
of a creditable character. Pee V.

I sEE in your September Number an article in reference to the use of
felt as a substitute for cork in making double mounts. Now I have
stumbled on to a substitute that is cheap, easily procured in almost every
part of the country and answers the purpose to perfection. I mean birch-
bark ; it is the nearest substitute for cork obtainable, it is white and
requires no prepration, and will not spoil by keeping.—JosEPH H.
READING.

395

306 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’04

Notes and News.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

THF LEAD-EATING wWAsP.—lInsect which spoiled Telephone Cables in
China.—According to the Electrical World, the China and Japan Tele-
phone Company, of Shanghai, China, was much troubled several years
ago through the perforation of the lead sheathing of its zrial cables by a
number of small holes near every clump of bamboos by which the line
passed. These were assumed to be due to small rifle bullets, and a
reward was offered for the conviction of anyone molesting the cables.
This did not stop the trouble, and it was finally discovered that the holes
were made by a species of wasp, which, apparently mistaking the lead
(or preferring it) for the bamboo stem in which it normally lays its eggs,
bit holes in the insulation and deposited its eggs about the telephone
wires. Hemp cloth and linseed oil were substituted for the lead, appar-
ently with satisfactory results.

A FORCEPS NET.—The American Entomological Company’s forceps
net, catalogue number 123, is an excellent device for capturing different
kinds of frail insects, such as small moths and mosquitoes, also stinging
insects. The writer has used it for several years and with some practice
has attained a degree of skill that will insure the capture of the speci-
mens in perfect condition. When these specimens are to be removed
from the net, however, accidents frequently occur that will mutilate the
insects so that they are spoiled for the collection. The following modi-
fication of the net was, therefore, used this past season with better suc-
cess. Attach to the gauze, in the center of one of the rings a tin tube
from one-half to one inch long, which fits the inside of the neck of the
cyanide bottle. Close the end of the tube with a cork ora tin cap. Cut
a hole in the gauze inside of the area of attachment so that the speci-
mens can be transferred through the tube. Close the net and fasten
securely around the scissor handle at the widest point near the rings, a
copper wire which will hold the net securely closed. When the insect is
to be captured shift the wire collar back to where the handles cross and
it will allow the net freedom in opening and closing. Capture the insect
and slide the collar forward to the rings ; this will lock the insect into
the net and both hands are set at liberty. Remove the cover of the tube,
insert it into the neck of the cyanide bottle. and transfer the specimen
with safety.

Instead of the tube a tin pepper box of proper size can be used for the
purpose. Ifthe tube is not too long it will not handicap the manipula-
tions of the net among twigs. The collar is made of light copper wire
wrapped around the handle several times. It will adjust itself to the
shape of the handles; it should slide easily but not by itself.—ALBERT
F. Conran, College Station, Texas.

7

Nov., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 307

**PROTECTIVE RESEMBLANCE” IN ARIZONA.—Some years ago an
esteemed collector of the earlier day printed a little booklet on the birds
of Iowa, which was dubbed by Dr. Elliott Coues “the offspring of a
fading memory.’’ A perusal of the recent article by Dr. Kunze (in
September News) leads us to wonder whether that gentleman may not
have given us an intellectual production deserving, in charity, the same
appellation. Referring to the Coleoptera alone, one finds scientific
names used which either exist not at all or must be grossly misapplied.
What is ‘‘ Sphenotica saturnalis’ for instance? Possibly Sphenothecus
suturalis is meant, but it is a risky guess. Then one who has ever seen
Psiloptera drummondi may be pardoned for refusing to believe that
this insect is ‘‘a black Buprestid with an orange stripe across the thorax’’
while its companion, “‘ Chrysobothris 8-punctata’’ is a total stranger to
our lists. We may presume that in the latter case the Doctor meant to
refer to C. octocola—but we can’t be sure. Another name which evi-
dently owes its origin to this article is ‘‘ P/usiotis worthit’’ which we may
assume to be an attempt to write Plusiotis woodii. May we be permitted
to doubt the occurrence of Polyphylla variolosa in southern Arizona, and
to think that the Doctor has forgotten the real name, as he says he has
done in the case of the red Longhorn that he found with it? So much
unnatural history seems out of place in the pages of a journal like the
News, which assumes to be a medium for dissemination of science.

Passing over the use of wrong termination in several cases, since this
fault does not wholly obscure the application of the names, we should

like to say that the protection afforded the large Buprestide like Gyas-

cutus and Hippome/as by their color is not in any way great—they are
easily startled and often fly from their resting places long before one is
in reach of them, depending upon their swift flight for safety. Their
principal enemies are birds and lizards and the harmony between the
beetles and their surroundings (they rest chiefly on the smaller twigs
where their bulk alone betrays them), is not close enough to deceive
such keen-eyed creatures.

In conclusion, disclaiming any personal knowledge a the classifica-
tion of the Mantidz, we wish to ask if the Old World Mantis religiosa
really awaits the approach of other insects on the deserts of Arizona?
and to add that the name “‘#ina de da tierra’’ belongs to the fat sand
crickets (.Stenopelmatus) which lurk in holes scooped out under cover of
stone or wood and not to the arboreal Mantids which are locally known
as ‘‘campomoches.’’—H. F. WICKHAM.

NOTE ON THE CORUCO, HAEMATOSIPHON INODORA. (Duges), [Hem-
iptera].—Prof. Herbert Osborn, in his invaluable account of ‘“‘ Insects
affecting Domestic Animals’”’ (Bull. U. S. Ent. 5, 1896), has discussed
the Bedbugs (pp. 157-63). It must be noted, however, that his figure
(90) of ‘‘ Acanthia inodora” is incorrect in two important points ; the
eyes in this species distinctly touch the pronotum, while Osborn makes

~

308 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’04

them distant ; also led astray by an interrupted impressed line, he has
inserted an extra abdominal segment. The first visible (really the
second) abdominal tergite is actually very long comparatively, and is
sufficiently correctly delineated in the ‘‘ Biol Centr. Amer. Rhynch. Het.
II Pl. 20, f. I.’’ This feature of Osborn’s drawing puzzled me consider-
ably at first.

Champion also refers (p. 337) to the ‘‘late Dr. A. Dugés.”” I am
happy to state that that distinguished naturalist was still in the land of
the living as recently as May 19th, and [ trust will continue here till
many more Mays are past.

It was to be expected that the old idea that references to ‘‘ bugs,’’ in
16th or 17th Century literature, referred to C/inocoris lectularius, would
linger in popular entomological books, but it is somewhat surprising to
find it repeated by so erudite a worker as Mr. Marlatt and so recently
as 1902), (Circ. 47, U. S. Div. Ent.). There can be little doubt that the
word ‘‘bug”’ is a corruption of the Welsh ‘‘ bwg’’—pronounced ‘‘ bog”’’
(with a slight modification of the vowel—it is to-day pronunced
‘“boog”’ [as in food] overa large area of England)—-which simply means
‘‘ hobgoblin,”’ in fact ‘‘ bogie !’’ and that is obviously the significance it al-
ways bears in Shakespeare and contemporary writings ; f. ex. “‘ the bug
which you will fright me with I seek’’ (Winter’s Tale). The Scottish Gaelic
is very similar ; some dictionaries give ‘‘bugbear’’ as ‘‘bocan,’’ which
would mean ‘‘a little goat,” the proper word is ‘‘bochdan,”’ which is
probably connected with ‘‘bochd,’’? meaning poor or miserable. The
Scottish Gaelic word for ‘‘ Bedbug”’ is ‘‘ Miol-fhioda,’”’ having nothing
whatever to do with the above.

Aslam doing a little work at the ‘ Bedbugs,’’ I will be grateful for
material in all stages (alcoholic preferably) of hirundinis, columbarius or
pipistrelii, also lectularius from the Southern States.—G. W. KIRKALDY,
Honolulu, T. H.

DurRING the summer just closed the University of Kansas carried on

more work in research and specimen collecting than ever before in its

history. In all about 12,000 specimens were added to the museums.
Three parties were sent out. One was in Arizona under Dr. H. F.
Snow.

Dr. Snow increased his collection of entomological specimens with
10,000 insects, many being very rare and valuable. Within the last three
years Dr. Snow has made six expeditions and added more than 85,000
specimens to his collection, which now has a total of more than 175,000
specimens, embracing bugs and insects from all over the world, and
especially the United States. This is the largest collection of its kind
connected with any institution of learning in the United States. It has
taken Dr. Snow since 1876 to collect this number, and since that year he
has personally conducted twenty-two expeditions.

Dr. Snow’s company last summer was composed of seven members.

UP,

Nov., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 309

Their headquarters were at Oak Creek Canyon, twenty miles southwest
of Flagstaff, Arizona, and twenty miles from any railroad. All provisions
were carried on pack horses. The walls of the canyon were 1,500 feet
high, and at one time Dr. Snow came near losing his life in one of the
canyons. He was collecting specimens one afternoon when suddenly an
awful roar attracted his attention. Upon turning around Dr. Snow saw
a great bank of water coming down the canyon, rumbling and rolling
with great logs and brushwood on its crest. He scrambled up the side
of the canyon but the flood was so rapid that it was over his feet
before higher ground could be reached.

The specimens collected required seventy-eight boxes for shipping
and are classified by Dr. Snow as follows: Lepidoptera, 1,400 ; Coleop-
tera, 3,000 ; Hymenoptera, 3,000; Diptera, 1,750; Hemiptera, 400 ; Neu-
roptera, 300, and Orthoptera, 150. In addition to these he secured
many excellent specimens of rattlesnakes, centipedes and scorpions.

TRYPETA SOLIDAGINIS.—I find that certain authorities state that it is
the fly 7rypeta solidaginis which “‘ escapes from the gall by fretting
against the wall which it moistens, its face temporarily swollen into a
spongelike mass for that purpose.’’ My own observations, however,
have discovered to me the fact that it is the larva, instead of the fly, which
provides a passageway to the outer world. Immediately before becoming
a pupa, the larva, which at maturity develops a horned process similar to
the Cecidomyidz, by constant friction of this ‘‘ breast-bone,” frets a smal]
tunnel to the surface of the gall, leaving but the merest shell of the epi-
dermis as a protective cap or covering. The larva then retires to the
central chamber, leaving in its wake the ‘‘ sawdust,”’ which is the reduced
plant tissues from which has been absorbed all the nutritious substance.
This provisionary work, I find, usually occurs during the latter part of
February or first week in March.

After the larva’s return to the central cell, in a single night, in most
instances, it transforms into a pupa, not by casting its skin, but simply
undergoes a hardening process, and also changing from the cream-white
color of the orcinary larva to a golden brown deepening to shining black
at the small end. The fly emerges from this case in May or June, when
it shall find the new shoots of solidago sufficiently advanced for gall
development.

I base my conclusions upon galls which I have opened sufficiently to
be able to observe the larva at its work without disturbing its natural
methods. As a further experiment, I also removed several larve from
their galls and placed them on cotton wool in empty walnut shells cov-
ered with bits of glass, where I could better observe their method of oper-
ating the chitinous process, which was continued as if in natural sur-
roundings. They also developed into pupz, from which, in due time,
there emerged perfect flies, although almost entirely reared under these
foreign conditions.—ALBERTA FIELD, Ashtabula, Ohio.

'

310 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’o4

SPHARIDIUM SCARABAOIDES Linn. in Delaware.—In 1898 I recorded
(Ent. News, vol. ix, p. 172) the occurrence in northern New York of
this species in large numbers, the first specimens having been taken in
1896. Since then it has been recorded from central New York by the
writer and from southern New York (in the Catskill Mts.) by Mr. R. F.
Pearsall (ENT. News, vol. xii, pp. 158 and 209). In the minutes of the
Newark Ent. Soc. for September 8, 1901 (ENT. NEws, vol. xii, p. 256),
it is recorded from the vicinity of Split Rock Pond, Morris Co., N. J.; this
being the first record of its occurrence in New Jersey.

The first record of its occurrence in Pennsylvania seems to be that
noted by Mr. G. W. Caffrey (ENT. News, vol. xii, p. 296), and the locality
given is eastern Pennsylvania, near Bethlehem.

In the News for 1903 I find three references to the occurrence of this
species in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The first of these is in the
minutes of the Newark Ent. Soc. for February 8th (p. 97, vol. xiv),
where it is recorded from Chester, Morris Co., N. J., and also from An-
glesea. The second reference is to be found in the minutes of the Feld-
man Collecting Social for May 20th (p. 242), where its occurrence at the
Philadelphia neck is noted. The third reference is in the minutes of the
Newark Ent. Soc. for September 13th (p. 308), but the locality is not
given.

On May 6th last, one of my students collected a single specimen of
this species here, and on the 14th, while in the field, I made a search for
the species and found it in large numbers in its favorite place, fresh cow-
droppings.

It seems hardly probable that a beetle of its size could have been over-
looked long in a section of country which has been so thoroughly worked
over, entomologically, as southern New York, New Jersey and eastern
Pennsylvania, and it is to be inferred, therefore, that the species has been
rapidly extending its range southward along the Atlantic seaboard within
the past few years.—C. O. HouGuton, Newark, Del.

MEETING OF THE OFFICIAL ENTOMOLOGISTS OF THE COTTON BELT.—
The official entomologists of the cotton belt met at Jackson, Mississippi,
on August 2, Ig04, to discuss matters related to the State quarantines
that are maintained for the purpose of preventing the introduction of the
cotton boll weevil into uninfested regions. Those present were Prof. C.
E. Chambliss, of South Carolina; Prof. H. A. Morgan, of Louisiana ;
Mr. Wilmon Newell, of Georgia; Prof. E. D. Sanderson, of Texas ; Mr.
Reed, representing Prof. G. W. Herrick. of Mississippi, and Messrs. W.
D. Hunter and A. W. Morrill, of the Bureau of Entomology, United
States Department of Agriculture. Organization was effected with Prof.
Chambliss in the Chair.

The object of the meeting being to formulate a plan for bringing about
uniform State quarantine laws and regulations, the subject of the methods
of dissemination of the cotton boll weevil was recognized as of much im-

os. ——- ~~

Nov., ’o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II
3

portance in this connection, and was discussed at length. It was gen-
erally agreed that the greatest danger of transporting the boll weevil
from infested to uninfested points lies in the importation of live insects
merely to satisfy curiosity or for experimental purposes, the importation
of cotton seed for planting from infested districts, and the importation for
milling purposes of baled cotton, particularly such as that which was pro-
duced late last season in Texas, by thrashing the unopened bolls. Mr.
Newell reported having found a boll weevil in examining a hand-full of
cotton batting.

Prof. Morgan outlined the plans of the Louisiana Crop Pest Commis-
sion for eradicating isolated colonies when this seemed practical, and for
delaying the spread of the weevil when eradication was entirely imprac-
tical, by assuming complete control of the ginning of the cotton and of
the disposition of the seed.

Resolutions were unanimously adopted, the provisions of which, if
embodied in the various State quarantine laws and regulations, were
believed to furnish ample protection, and at the same time inconvenience
shipping interests only in such respects as to maintain the desired protec-
tion. These resolutions contain clauses recommending the maintenance
of an absolute quarantine against cotton seed, seed cotton, hulls, seed
cotton and cotton seed sacks and corn in the shuck from the infested
district, and an absolute quarantine against hay and grain, except during
the months of July, August and September.

It was voted that in order to facilitate in the future the transaction of
business connected with State boll weevil quarantines, a permanent
organization be established among the official entomologists of the cotton
States. Messrs. Morgan, Herrick and Hunter were made members of
the Executive Committee.—A. W. MorriLt, Secretary.

First Mosquito—What! Are you trying a black baby?
SECOND Mosquito— Yes, I’m in mourning.—Z7/e.

A GREEN City Gir_’s BLUNDER.—The young daughter of a promi-
nent New York financier, who had passed most of her years either in
the city or at the large summer resorts, recently paid her first visit to a
real country home. She was anxious to show that she was not altogether
ignorant of rural conditions, and when a dish of honey was set before her
on the breakfast table she saw her opportunity.

‘- Ah,”’ she observed, carelessly, ‘‘I see you keep a bee.” — Newspaper.

THE.visitor, gushingly.—‘‘ What do you do. Analyze insects?”

“ce Yes.”’

“Oh, how dreadful! Do you find it interesting ?”’

‘* Exceedingly.”’

“Well, Z enjoy teaching nature in her simplest forms, and believe
everyone should know a bug from an insect.”

312 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’04

Entomological Literature.

BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA: J. W. Tutt, London.

The fourth volume of this monumental work has just been received
and fully maintains the exhaustive standard established by its predcessors,
and, without touching on the technical completeness of it, I want to
particularly bring it to the attention of our American workers in Ento-
mology ; every collector of insects, especially Lepidoptera, in the United

States and Canada should have in his library at least one volume, if he

cannot have all, of this work. The reason for this very positive statement
is, that it Ze//s one what to do. We have hundreds of careful, observant,
some natural born, collectors in this country, the great majority of whom
are far removed from Entomological centers, and are, for the most of
their time groping in the dark, and wasting opportunities for making
original and very important observations, that may never come their way
again, because what they see with so little effort seems of little conse-
quence and not worth the trouble of recording, or even if impressed
with a particular item of insect economy pass it by, because of the

‘thought that, of course, some one else knows all about it and has pub-
lished it somewhere.

In Mr. Tutt’s work all of the observations of every independent obser-
ver are gathered together about each particular species, going into the
most minute detail with regard to every phase of its life and habits, points
that alone are seemingly unsignificant are being placed side by side with
others, and together help to make each other clear, to all of which are
added his illuminating summarizations and comprehensive treatment of
the whole.

Even a few chapters carefully read in any one of the volumes will for-

cibly impress on the mind of the collector or student alike the import-
ance and necessity of careful, ceaseless and never satisfied desire to add
to the knowledge of his favorite pastime or pursuit, and, most important,
he will be made to clearly understand what are the really valuable things
to observe, and how and when to look for them. As complete as this
work is, Mr. Tutt throughout calls attention to the gaps in our knowledge,
probably none of them very difficult to work out, and some of them, no
doubt, observed by many collectors, but from carelessness or thought-
lessness never recorded in print, where they would be available to the
Systematist ; these suggestions alone are enough to awaken the desire to
be up and doing and I can confidently say that a copy of this work
placed in the hands of every American collector will double the pages in
all of our Entomological Magazines in the course of a few years, and do
more to promote an abiding interest than any other book that has ever
been written on the subject.

W. S. KEARFOTT.

fs i

Nov., 04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 313

Doings of Societies.

Minutes of meetings of Brooklyn Entomological Society,
held at the residence of Mr. Geo. Franck, 1040 DeKalb Ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

March 5, 1903.—-Twenty-one persons present, the Presi-
dent inthe chair. Discussion as to the correctness of Dr. T. W.
Harris’ statement in ‘‘ Insects Injurious to Vegetation,’’ that
“the larve of Darapsa myron bite off the stems of grapes
through stupidity or disappointment. Messrs. Doll and Franck
had never observed this habit in any of the hundreds of larvee
bred by them. Mr. Pearsall suggested that possibly, as the
larvee approached maturity they required the more substantial
nourishment which the woody stems provided. Mr. Weeks
had had larve which, on failure of supply of fresh leaves, .
would nibble at the stems or even gnaw unripe grapes, and
suggested that it was due to an intelligent purpose, as the
stimulation of the growth of the vine and foliage by the prun-
ing of the fruit. Professor Smith cited Professor Lintner’s
statement that the larve of WV. deucostigma had been observed,
at Albany, N. Y., gnawing off tender stems bearing leaf
clusters. This was not a common practice, and there was no
explanation of the cause. Dr. Zabriskie and Prof. Smith
had each observed a larva, possibly a Rhynchophorid, boring
in the petioles of maple leaves, with the result that they fell
prematurely.

Prof. Smith further stated that in his investigations into the
life history of certain mosquitoes he had found the eggs hatch-
ing and larve active in water covered with ice, and that few
persons realized how active insects were during the winter
months, many rare species being available for capture early
in that season.

April 2, 1903.—Twenty-one persons present, the Vice-Presi-
dent in the chair. Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno was elected
member.

Mr. Weeks read a paper upon ‘‘ Theory of the Origin and
Evolution Productive of the Brilliant colored Bands upon the
Secondaries of Moths of the genus Cafocala,’’ in which the

314 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’04

bands first originated as a means of protective resemblance
and performed the same office as the striped primaries of many
arctians by counterfeiting the alternate lights and shadows of
plant stems or masses of dead vegetation. In the course of
natural development these bands became too prominent to be
longer available for concealment and thereupon served in a
directly contrary capacity, viz., to attract the attention of an
enemy and thus divert attack from the lesss showy but more
vital parts. In the course of natural selection moths possess-
ing the brightest hued secondaries would survive and thus the
character would be still, further encouraged and improved.
The practice of the members of this genus of boldly exposing
the secondaries at night, while engaged in feeding, would
seem to substantiate this theory. Whenever a formation, col-
oration, or maculation rendered the owner conspicuous for the
purpose of directing attack it might be classed as active or
aggressive, but where such characteristics served merely for
concealment they might be termed passive or negative.

Discussion by the Society. Mr. Doll remembered seeing a
Catocala in which the primaries were tinged with the red hue
of the secondaries, and Mr. Franck another in which the
secondaries were black or red according to the direction of
view.

May 7, 1903.—Highteen persons present, Mr. Richard F.
Pearsall in the chair. Mr. Hulst Mead was elected a member.

Dr. Call lectured upon the ‘‘ Geological Preservation of In-
sects and the March of Insect Life upon the Earth.’’ Insects
undoubtedly originated from the crustaceans. The indestruc-
‘tability, under favorable conditions, of chitin, of which in-

sects as well as crustaceans are largely composed, had tended

to preserve forms which existed probably millions of years
ago, and these were now found in the Swedish rocks of the
Cambrian Age and in the Lower Silurian in this country. In
addition perfect insects were often found imbedded in amber.

Dr. Call exhibited specimens of amber containing among
others a fly, wasp, spider, and cockroach. ‘Their presence
was explainable on the theory that having come in contact
with the sticky surface of this material while fresh they had

Pm F

Nov., 04] | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 315

been unable to extricate themselves and were afterwards com-
pletely submerged by additional exudations.

June 4, 1903.—Sixteen persons present, Mr. Richard F.
Pearsall in the chair.

Mr. W. W. Hoover, Economic Entomologist, of Prospect
Park, Brooklyn, was elected a member.

_ Mr. Franck read a letter from Mr. Carl Schaeffer descriptive
‘of the experiences in collecting of Mr. Doll and himself at
Brownsville, Texas.

Mr. Wasmuth exhibited some fine variations of Pachnobia
manifesta, Arctia rectilinea, Arctia arge (the latter extremely
suffused secondaries) and some nearly natural larve of At
tacus calleta, bred by himself from the egg.

Mr. Franck presented a series of Hepialus comprising
specimens greatly varying in size of what had heretofore
been identified as several distinct species, but which evidently
constituted but one. Also some specimens of Cychrus tuber-
culatus from British Columbia.

The October meeting of the Newark Entomological Society
was held on the goth at 3 p.m., with President Keller in the
chair and 21 members present. Visitors were: Messrs. Franck,
Engelhard, Martin, Wasmuth and Landrack, all of the Brook-
lyn Society.

The congratulations of the members were extended to Prof.
Smith for having received the first prize at the St. Louis Ex-
position for his collection of mosquitos.

Messrs. William Reinecker, of Jersey City, and William
Wasmuth, of Brooklyn, were proposed and unanimously
elected to membership. ;

Mr. Broadwell took several pictures of the assemblage.*

After that a supper was served in the Turn Hall’s large
meeting room te which thirty-one sat down ; the music for
the first part of the evening was furnished by Prof. Weidt
and five of his friends, and by Prof. Wormsbacher the rest of
the evening. Toasts were proposed for the Newark Entomo-
logical Society, the Brooklyn Society, etc.

* See Plate XVIII.

316 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 04

Professor Smith made the speech of the evening on ‘* Our
Twentieth Birthday,’’ in which he gave the history of the
Society in every particular, referring to Messrs. Simon Seib,
the Society’s first President and Julius Bunsow, its first Secre-
tary, both of them members to this day ; he also spoke of the
Society’s ups and downs and the good standing of it at the
present time with thirty and some odd members, most of them —
active, enthusiastic collectors, and new ones added at nearly —
every meeting.

Mr. Engelhard gave a very interesting account of his and
Mr. Doll’s collecting trips to Utah last summer.

Other speeches, recitals and songs were brought up and an
all around good humor prevailed until the termination at
1PM,

Orro BucHHOLZ, Secretary.

A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of —
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held September 22d.
Mr. Philip Laurent, Director, presided. Nineteen persons
were present. Mr. Laurent presented a blown larva of Lacles
imperialis and Mr. H. W. Wenzel two specimens of /7ydrobius
tessellatus. ‘The latter were taken at Atco, N. J. IX. 11.04.

Mr. J. Chester Bradley spoke on the position in the classifi-
cation of the Hymeroptera of certain anomalous genera. The
position of the genus Ropronia was set forth in detail, and its
comparative anatomy explained by blackboard diagrams.

Dr. Calvert exhibited a number of wheat grains numerously
infested with Calandra oryz@ ; also specimens of Cordulegaster
maculatus, C. diastatops and Libellula quadrimaculata, from
Poyntelle, Wayne County, Penna., June, 1904, being the first
records of those species in Eastern Pennsylvania. The two
- cordulegasters were taken along the same brook, C. dias-
tatops in the open meadow, C. maculatus in the woods ; a cor-
relation between the different amounts of light in the two
localities and the size of the eyes (larger in maculatus) was
suggested. The ¢ C. diastatops was observed to make the
same motions of oviposition as seen in the Libellulinze and
Gomphinez, by striking the water of the brook repeatedly with

Nov., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 317

the tip of the abdomen ; the eggs, however, were not seen.
The speaker had, near the above-mentioned locality, on June
30, 1904, observed at short range, but not taken, a single
individual of what was in all probability the tropical dzax
longipes.

Mr. E. Daecke spoke of the comparative rarity of Soma-
tochlora provocans previous to the present year when he had
seen the species in some abundance. He took Heterina
americana at Bamber, N. J.; also (2rrhophanus triangulifer, a
Noctuid, at Fort Lee, N. J. ; Neonympha areolatus at Tom’s
River and Brownsville Junction, N. J., June 27th and July
12th; Hagenius brevistylus on the Great Egg Harbor River.

Mr. Ilg exhibited some interesting blown larvze of Lepi-
doptera.

Mr. Rehn exhibited a Conocephalus taken in the Philadelphia
Neck. It was collected by Mr. Wenzel, who thought it the

-species atlanticus, but it proved to be palustris. Another

species was shown, taken at Tinicum on September goth. It
was described by Blatchley under the name C. drunert.

Mr. Wenzel presented the specimen of palustris and said it
was taken September 2st.

Mr. Bradley exhibited an Evaniid taken by Mr. Stone in
the city limits. It is an undescribed species.

Mr. Greene said he and Mr. H. A. Wenzel had captured a
number of Adrane coecus at Lehigh Gap, Penna. Mr. H.
W. Wenzel said he would report later on his recent catch of
water beetles and exhibit the specimens. He found many
pupze at the seashore buried in the dry sand apparently await-
ing a rain before emerging. Mr. Laurent said he had two
Pennsylvania specimens of Cirrhophanus triangulifer. Mr.
E. T. Cresson, Jr., was elected an associate of the Section.

HENRY SKINNER,
Secretary.

At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social held on
September 21 at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523
South Thirteenth Street, Philadelphia, twelve persons were
present.

318 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’04

Mr. Harbeck reported Cicindela lepida at Clementon, N. J.,
July 4th.

Mr. Boerner recorded Hydrophorus spurius at Neshaminy
Falls, Pa., July 3d; also Psephenus lecontet at same place and
date.

Mr. Daecke exhibited Aedes smithiz, which was found com-
monly in pitcher-plants at Tuckerton, N. J. He also showed
specimens of other orders of insects, including the gall of
Eurosta solidaginis from which he had reared the flies.

Mr. Wenzel showed specimens of H/ydrocanthus puncticollis
from Cape May Court House, and Hydrobzus tessellatus, from
Atco, N. J., both rare species and new to the State. Also a
season’s collecting of Haliplide from New Jersey and Penn-
sylvania representing all the local species. /Pterostichus mestus
as shown by a series from Lehigh Gap, Penna., is unusually
large and probably represents a local race. Mr. Daecke re-
ported the capture of Cicindela rugifrons and Donacia floride
at Bamber, N. J., September 9.

Mr. Haimbach reported that he had taken between 300 and
400 species of micro-lepidoptera on Five Mile Beach, N. J.,
during the past summer.

Mr. Haimbach invited the Social to meet at his home in
October.

Mr. Wenzel recounted some collecting experiences during
the past season. Many water-beetles in the pupae and imma-
ture imago stages were found abundantly around the roots of
grass tufts in situations which had previously been covered by
water but were then almost dry.

WILLIAM J. Fox,
Secretary.

Minutes of meetings of Brooklyn Entomological Society,
held at the residence of Mr. George Franck, 1o40 DeKalb
Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

October 1, 1903.—Seventeen persons present, the President
in the chair. Prof. Smith mentioned the occurrence in great
numbers, at New Brunswick, N. J., of a species of May fly

te as Real

i eal os

Nov., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 319

during a moist warm evening in mid-summer. The swarm
consisted almost entirely of 9 9, and next morning the ground
was covered with the dead insects which had extruded the
contents of their ovaries. The abdomen had two vaginal open-
ings and a large egg mass had been extruded through each.
Each mass contained by estimation some 5-6000 eggs.

Mr. Franck stated that at Altoona, Penna., similar insects
occurred in such numbers as to form a layer many inches in

depth and prevented the running of railroad trains.

Mr. Schaeffer found these flies so numerous at night at
Brownsville as to exclude other insects from the lights.

Messrs. Doll and Schaeffer spoke of the rapid succession of
insect broods noticed by them in Texas. Although there
were comparatively few species of Lepidoptera a new genera-
tion appeared each month.

Professor Smith mentioned an experience with mosquitoes at
Atlantic City, N. J. While occupying a room on an upper
hotel floor he observed that no mosquitoes entered through the
open windows, but did enter through the transom when that
was left open. He also found the insects ona cafe ceiling
below, in large numbers. On investigation he discovered that
the hotel was constructed on piles, and that beneath the build-
ing was a pool in which the mosquitoes bred and flew upward
through the elevator shaft. He had also found mosquito
larvee numerous in sewage drains in Central Park.

The death of Mr. A. Radcliffe Grote having been announced,
Mr. Graef and Dr. Call were appointed a committee to prepare
suitable resolutions thereupon.

November 5, 1903.—Twenty-three persons present, the Pres-
ident in the chair. Messrs. Engelhardt and Call were appointed
a committee to prepare a suitable acknowledgement to Mrs.
Franck for her share in the entertainment of the Society.

Dr. Zabriskie exhibited a hinged double case of his own
invention for the preservation and exhibition of galls. One
lid was slightly rabbeted in the other and kept closed by two
hooks, the label pasted on the back is cut in two to facilitate the
opening of the case. Six cards were laid in each side filling
the entire surface with the exception of a half-inch space

320 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., ’04

running through the center in which was fitted a retaining bar
with rabbeted edges lapping over the interior edges of the
cards and holding them in place while the bar itself was
adjusted and fastened by fitting one end in a slot and the other
end by a thumb-spring which permitted the bar to pass below
it and then resumed its normal position. The outer and exte-
rior edges of the cards were inserted and held in place under a
thin strip on cleat tacked along the sides at a sufficient distance
from the bottom of the case to permit the ready insertion of the
cards.

The specimens were glued upon cards upon which any
descriptive notes could be written. The boxes exhibited were
about 9 inches square by 2% inches deep and specimens of

nearly the aggregate depth of the top and bottom could be

accommodated by placing them opposite smaller ones.

Mr. Weeks read a communication which appeared in the
New York Evening Telegram of September 4, 1903, entitled
‘* At Last a Caterpillar for the Ailanthus Tree,’’ by which it
appeared that the writer had for the first time recently seen
the larvee of Philosamia cynthia in New York City, and Mr.
Week’s reply thereto narrating the introduction of the moth in
this locality many years ago through the agency of the late
John Akhurst of Brooklyn.

December 3, 1903.—Seventeen persons present, the President
in the chair. Mr. Engelhardt read an account of his trip
through the southern part of Virginia during August with a
single companion. Starting at Norfolk he visited Richmond,
the Natural Bridge, the Peaks of Otter and Apple Orchard
Mountains in the Blue Ridge, returning to Norfolk from
Bedford City by train. Although collecting was not the object
of his trip, he, nevertheless, secured many specimens embrac-
ing all orders, some of which he exhibited and which proved of
much interest as showing to what extent the insect faunas of
New York, New Jersey and Virginia were identical. More

than two-thirds of the species are recorded within fifty miles”

of New York City, in varying degrees of rarity.
ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS,
Secretary.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

D

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VoL. XV. DECEMBER, 1904. No. 10.
CONTENTS:

Gillette—Copulation and Ovulation in Muckermann—Formica sanguinea,
Anabrus simplex Hald............. 321 subsp. rubicunda and Xenodusa
Rehn—New Jersey Orthoptera......... 325 CAVE s iiinkantas svete ceutbowts ‘teas! 390

Grossbeck—Two new species of Culex. 332 | Ashmead—On the discovery of Fig-

Viereck—A New Cryptine from Nest of Insects in the Philippines.......... 342
Ceratinn Gupiae. iscsi dces cats s's's SOT ROT Al sac se Sheds cto asel shade 343

Girault—Anasa tristis, History of Con- Noted and News. ciaysy sccctncdovescnes 344
fined Adults, Egg Parasite......... 335. | Doings of Societies <u... 6... csc ceceses 346

Fuchs—Collecting Trip to Tulare Co., OOUUELY Celia steeed ess 0. dscds ces eecda 352
CUE En eee ere a Pere 337

Copulation and Ovulation in Anabrus Simplex Hald.

; By C. P. GILLETTE.

The so-called Mormon cricket, Anabrus simplex, appeared
in great numbers in portions of Routt County, Colorado, the
past summer. While studying the habits of this wingless
grasshopper, near Eddy, my attention was attracted by the
large white masses of a jelly-like material that were attached
to the abdomens of the females just beneath the ovipositors.
They had also been noticed: by the ranchmen who spoke of
them as ‘‘ white sacs’’ and ‘‘blubber.’’ I concluded the
phenomenon must be associated in some way with the process
of fertilization and began an investigation. By pinching the
abdomens of several females having the white masses attached
I found they could be removed without breaking or tearing
any organ and that they were held in place by the vulva which
grasped a small portion or lobe. Several examples of both
sexes were then taken at random from the swarm and their
abdomens were opened in search of this body but it was not
found. I noticed, however, that the seminiferous tubules of
the males were filled with a milky white fluid before copula-

32!

322 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’o4

tion, and that after copulation they were empty and yellow in
color. A male and female zz copula were then separated, just
before the close of the process and before the sperm mass had
made its appearance. ‘The male abdomen was then pinched
so as to crowd the contents towards the end, and a sperm
mass, exactly like those taken from females, was obtained.
I therefore concluded that during copulation the males fill
these sacs with seminal fluid and then transfer them bodily to
the females who seize them by two of the small lobes, Fig. 1
Cand D. ‘The females carry these conspicuous white objects
about for a time, extracting a portion, at least, of their con-
tents for the fertilization of the ova.

It was noticed that the females bearing these seminal sacs
were most numerous about 9 or 10 o’clock in the morning, and
that few or none could be found after 1 or 2 in the afternoon.

Mr. W. W. Miles, postmaster at Eddy, told me he and Mrs.
Miles noticed these white sacs attached to the females in great
numbers on their ranch during the forenoon of June 27th.
Mr. Miles also noticed the females depositing eggs July 5th.

While passing through a large swarm of the hoppers at 9
o'clock in the morning of July 29th, it was noticed that fully
half of the females were carrying about these sacs, and the
males everywhere were noisy with their stridulations. Whether
copulation takes place more than once during the egg-laying
period of a female, I have been unable to determine with
certainty.

Numerous females bearing the sperm sacs were dissected
and in all cases there were many eggs present in the ovaries,
some with dark firm shells, apparently ready to be deposited,
and others soft and yellow and in all stages of maturity from
those less than half-grown to those of full size.

There was no indication that the eggs were developing in
sets or broods, for they seemed to grade through all stages
from those that were small and just developing to those fully
mature. Counts made at Eddy on July 27th gave from 1o to
35 apparently mature eggs, and from 34 to 46 immature eggs
in ovaries of single females taken with the sperm sacs
attached.

Dec., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 323

As females taken from this swarm a few days previous had,
in several cases, over 100 eggs, in one case 133, and as Mr.
W. W. Miles saw so many of the sperm sacs attached to the
females of the same swarm on June 27th, and as I again saw
them so abundant in a neighboring swarm on July 2oth, it
seems probable that copulation takes place more than once,
particularly as the individuals in a swarm develop very closely
together. As nearly as could be ascertained, the swarm at Eddy
had all been adults since June 25th, and probably for several
days prior to that time.

The manner of ovipositing is to bring the tip of the ovipos-
itor well forward beneath the abdomen and insert it in a nearly
perpendicular position. Hill sides and hill tops, where the
vegetation is scanty and where the bushes are small, seemed
to be the favorite places for egg-laying. A clay or adobe soil
with many small cracks in the thin surface crust where the
ovipositor could be easily inserted was especially used for
' egg-laying.

The sperm sac measures from 10 to 12 millimeters in diameter
when first obtained from the male, and it all appears to view
during the last few seconds of the copulatory act. As soon as
it appears to view the female begins to run about, dragging
the male upon his back behind her until, catching upon some
object, he is pulled loose.

The sac, when first received, is suggestive of the brain of a
higher vertebrate in form, there being two large lobes corres-
ponding to the cerebral hemispheres and beneath these four
smaller lobes corresponding to the quadrigemina somewhat
enlarged. The upper pair of these little lobes are somewhat
smaller than the others and are pale yellowish in color resemb-
ling cartilage. The larger pair are milk-white in color at first,
even whiter than the hemispheres, and it is these that are
clasped by the vulva of the female. At D of the accompany-
ing plate the two large hemispheres and the two milk-white
lobes are all that show, the other pair of lobes being hidden
behind the small pair shown.

After being held in the vulva of the female for a short time
the small milk-white lobes become gradually translucent and

324 _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 04

yellowish in color like the other small pair. For a time there
is an opaque white globule at the center of each lobe which
gradually diminishes in size, until they are entirely cartilagi-
nous in appearance.

These small lobes are all quite firm to the touch while the
two very large ones are soft and easily crushed and torn as the
female crawls about.

After two or three hours these masses disappear entirely,
but whether the contents are largely taken in .by the female or
whether she rejects the greater portion after extracting the
spermatozoa, I did not determine.

Copulation* began soon after sunrise and continued until
near noon in the swarms I visited. I did not witness the
beginning of the copulatory process, but in no case did a pair
remain in cozéuz more than ten minutes after I noticed them.
After about to in the morning the chirping of the males
almost entirely ceased, except as they were disturbed by some
moving object, and then the squeaking noise which they make
seemed to be entirely a note of warning, and would cause the
members of the swarm to run or jump in all directions for
a distance of 20 or 30 feet, and sometimes farther, as if
frightened.

The position of the male during copulation was, either
curled beneath the female—literally standing on his head—or
lying upon his back beneath her and being dragged behind her
if she chose to walk about.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX.

Anabrus simplex Hald.—A, adult female; B, a comparatively straight
ovipositor ; C, sperm mass clasped by vulva of female; D, the sperm
mass removed immediately after copulation showing the two small lobes
which are seized by the vulva of the female; E, end of male abdomen
from above showing clasping organs ; F, wings of adult male; G, a clus-
ter of eggs, the upper one coming to the surface. All natural size except
E and F, which are twice natural size.

*T am under obligations to Mr. C. L. Marlatt, Acting Chief of the
Bureau of Entomology, for having a search made in the library of the
Bureau for published observations upon copulation in this genus of
Orthoptera. The librarian, Mr. Nathan Banks, found nothing upon the
subject. The writer knows of no such observations except those here
recorded.

Dec., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 325

Notes and Records of New Jersey Se
| By JAmeEs A. G. REHN.

The following records have been made almost entirely from
material studied during the past year. Although New Jersey,
entomologically considered, has been examined more closely
than any other Middle Atlantic state, the localities given in this
paper may assist in mapping with greater accuracy the distri-
“bution of the insects of this order within the State, when taken
in conjunction with the great number of published records.
The enormous influence of environment is no better illustrated .
than by the distribution of certain species of Orthoptera found in
the cedar swanips, while the apparent preference of other species
for the absolutely dry pine barrens is quite as remarkable.

The author has spent considerable time in the wilder and
more unfrequented sections of south and central New Jersey,
a portion of which at least is very thinly settled—a land which »
formerly was the centre of a thriving iron industry but now
almost deserted. In some of the more inaccessible portions of
Ocean and Burlington Counties the cedar swamps and pine
lands are absolutely primzeval for miles, a condition, the aver-
age individual would not expect to find in a state so long set-
tled as New Jersey. As many specimens have been collected
miles away from any town or named, stream I have been com-
pelled to designate them as taken between sch and such points.

The principal localities mentioned in the following pages are
here listed to prevent needless repetition of county names:

Boonton, Morris Co., Riverton, Burlington Co., Medford,
Burlington Co., Taunton, Burlington Co., Atsion, Burlington
Co., Bear Swamp, Burlington Co., between Cedar Grove and
Chatsworth, Burlington Co., Whitings, Ocean Co., near West
Creek, Ocean Co., Stafford’s Forge, Ocean Co., Clementon,
Camden Co., Atco, Camden Co., Da Costa, Atlantic Co., West-
ville, Gloucester Co., North Woodbury, Gloucester Co., Cape
May, Cape May Co., Anglesea, Cape May Co.

‘BLATTIDA.
Ischnoptera uhleriana Saussure (= unicolor Scudder).
Peermont, Cape May Co., July 13, 1991 (Rehn). [¢].
Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). [9?.]

326 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’04

ACRIDIDZ.
Nomotettix cristatus (Scudder).
Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard).

Acrydium obscurum (Hancock).

‘N. J.’’ (Academy coll.).

The separation of obscurum, arenosum and gibbosum is a task
which is practically hopeless. The extremely slight differen-
tiation of these ‘‘species’’ is by no means sufficient to entitle
them to full specific rank. There is, of course, some evidence
in favor of regarding obscurum as a geographic race of avenosum,
but there appears to be no question but that gzbbosum is in-
separable from obscurum. Blatchley (Orth. of Indiana, p. 225)
has presented his views on the case, and my experience with all
available material has been the same.

Paratettix cucullatus (Burmeister).
Boonton, January 10, 1901 (G. M. Greene).

Tettigidea parvipennis (Harris).

Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). Ortley, Ocean Co., May
16, 1903 (Viereck). Ocean City, Cape May Co., April 19,
1903 (Viereck).

Tettigidea lateralis (Say).

Cape May, June 4, 1903 (Viereck).

It is rather interesting that the extreme southern point of
New Jersey should be the home of true /a/eralis, while its
northern congener parvipfennis should reach as far south as
Ocean City. It is quite likely that the two forms overlap or
intergrade along the coast of southern New Jersey, but at all
events the Cape May specimens are typical /ateralis.

Tettigidea armata Morse form depressa Morse.
“‘N. J.’ (Academy coll.)

Truxalis brevicornis (Johannson).

Near West Creek, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Not common,
taken in tidal marsh,

ahh Rg, OS

Dec., ’04]} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 327

Syrbula admirabilis (Uhler).

Stafford’s Forge, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Near West Creek,
Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard).
Cape May, Sept. 21, 1903 (Daecke).

At Stafford’s Forge and in the vicinity of West Creek this
species was fairly common on several stretches of white sand
covered with the remains of cut scrub oak. At Atsion Mr.
Hebard found the species well represented, six specimens

~ being taken, of which four were males.

Orphulelia pelidna (Burmeister).

Stafford’s Forge, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Near West Creek,
Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Between Cedar Grove and Chatsworth,
Sept. 7, 1903 (Rehn). Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). Cape
May, Aug. 7, 1903 (Viereck).

Dichromorpha viridis (Scudder).

Boonton, Aug. 22, 1901 (G. M. Greene). Bear Swamp,
Aug. 13, I902 (Rehn). Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard).
Clinocephalus elegans Morse.

Near West Creek, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Cape May, July
28, 1903 (Viereck) [immature].

Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris).

Angelsea, Cape May Co., Sept. 4.
Arphia sulphurea (Fabricius).

Westville, May 1 (Rehn). Da Costa, July 5, 1903 (Daecke).
West Plains, Burling. Co., June 21, 1901 (Rehn).

Arphiax anthoptera (Durm).

Near West Creek, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Between Cedar
Grove and Chatsworth, Sept. 7, 1903 (Rehn). Whitings,
Sept. 5, 1903 (Rehn). Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). Atco,
Oct. 14. Medford, Sept. 7, 1902 (Stone). Riverton, Aug. 3,

1899 (Rehn).

Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer).

Between Cedar Grove and Chatsworth, Sept. 7, 1903 (Rehn).
Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard) [adult and nymph]. Bear
Swamp, Nov. 1, 1903 (Rehn) [nymph],

328 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’04

Spharagemon bolli (Scudder).

Between Cedar Grove and Chatworth, Sept. 7, 1903 (Rehn).
Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard), Sept. 2, 1901 (Rehn). Almo-
nesson, Gloucester Co., Sept. 18.

Spharagemon collare wyomingianum (Thomas).

Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard’, Sept. 2, 1901 (Rehn), Da
Costa, July 19 (Skinner).

Scirtetica marmorata (Harris).

Stafford’s Forge, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Near West Creek,
Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Between Cedar Grove and Chatsworth,
Sept. 7, 1903 (Rehn). Whitings, Sept. 5, 1903 (Rehn), At-
sion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). Lucaston, August 10, 1903
(Daecke).

This is one of the most characteristic species of Acrididz
found in the dry portions of the ‘‘barrens.’’

Psinidia fenestralis (Serville). ©

Riverton, Sept. 2, 1900 (G. M. Greene), Sept. 8, 1901 (Vie-
reck). Westville, Aug. 19, 1897 (Rehn).
Schistocerca alutacea (Harris).

Near West Church, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Between Cedar
Grove and Chatsworth, Sept. 7, 1903 (Rehn). Stafford’s
Forge, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Whitings, Sept. 5, 1993 (Rehn).
Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard).

Melanoplus scudderi (Uhler).

Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). Apparently common, as
Mr. Hebard secured ten speciinens in a comparative short time.

Melanoplus fasciatus (Walker).

Whitings, Sept. 5, 1903 (Rehn). Between Cedar Grove and
Chatsworth, Sept. 7, 1903 (Rehn).
Melanoplus atlanis (Riley) ;

Bear Swamp, Nov. 1, 1903 (Rehn). Riverton, Aug. 11,
1901 (Viereck). Atco, Oct. 14. North Woodbury, Gloucester
Co., Aug. 11, 1901 (Viereck), Big Timber Creek, Camden-—

Gloucester Co’s, Sept. 22, 1901 (Viereck). Atsion, Oct. 8,
1903 (Hebard),.

Dec., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 329

Melanoplus impudicus Scudder.

Between Harris and White Horse, Aug. 13, 1902 (Rehn).
Atsion, Sept. 2, 1901 (Rehn) and Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard).

This species has never before been recorded on the Atlantic
north of Georgia, from which State and Mississippi Scudder
described it. Prof. A. P. Morse has very kindly examined
several New Jersey specimens and pronounced them zmpudicus.
The Academy collection contains a male specimen taken at
- Chickamauga, Walker Co., Georgia, June 24, 1898 (Viereck).

Melanoplus femur-rubrum (De Geer).

Near West Creek, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Stafford’s Forge,
Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard).

This common and widely distributed species appears to be
absent from the true barrens, but any small cultivated clearing
though surrounded entirely by heavy timber, will contains its
colony of femur-rubrum.

Melanoplus luridus (Dodge).

Between Cedar Grove and Chatsworth, Sept. 7, 1903 (Rehn).
Whitings, Sept. 5, 1903 (Rehn).

Aiter examining the material in hand I heartily endorse
Blatchley’s recent work in synonymizing JZ. collinus with this
species (Orth. of Ind., p. 325), on evidence supplied by Morse
after examining the material in the Scudder collection.

Melanoplus femoratus (Burmeister).

Atsion, Oct., 8, 1903 (Hebard). Between Cedar Grove and
Chatsworth, Sept. 7, 1903 (Rehn). Near West Creek, Sept.
6, 1903 (Rehn).

Paroxya scudderi Blatchley.

Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). Speedwell, Aug. 12, 1902
(Rehn). Bear Swamp, Aug. 13, 1903 (Rehn).

A series of nine specimens from New Jersey appear to be
identical with authentic specimens ( g and 9 ) kindly furnished
by Prof. Blatchley. This form is in New Jersey a cold bog
species, and at Bear Swamp was taken together with P. florz-
diana, which is explained by the location of the Swamp at
the extreme western edge of the cedar swamp and bog region,

330 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’04

and also by the fact that it is somewhat tinged with the fauna
of the Delaware Valley, a region in which floridiana is moder-
ately common. ‘The coast region seems to be frequented by
floridiana alone, several specimens of which were taken near
West Creek, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). ‘The record of /loridiana
from Speedwell (Ent. NEws, xiii, p. 316) is erroneous, as
only scuddert was taken there. The color of scudderi as exhibi-
ted by the New Jersey specimens is very dark and with but
little color contrast.

These records carry the range of the species east of the
Alleghanies, west of which it was known only from Indiana.

TETTIGONIDA.
Scudderia furcata Brunner.
Near West Creek, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Riverton, Sept.
8, tgo1 (Viereck).
Scudderia texensis Saussure and Pictet.

Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). Between Cedar Grove and
Chatsworth, Sept. 7, 1904 (Rehn).

Scudderia curvicauda (De Geer).
Riverton, Aug. 11, 1901 (Viereck).

Amblycorypha uhleri Stal.
Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard).

Conocephalus atlanticus Bruner.

Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). ‘These specimens (2) have
been compared with paratypes.

Orchelimum vulgare Harris.

Near West Creek, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Atsion, Oct. 8,
1903 (Hebard).

Xiphidion brevipenne Scudder.

Near West Creek, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Taunton, Sept.
6, 1902 (Stone). Medford, Sept. 7, 1902 (Stone). Atsion,
Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). Cape May, Aug. 1, 7 and 23, 1903
(Viereck). Riverton, Sept. 8, r901r (Viereck). Atlantic City,
Sept. 11, 1902 (Rehn).

The Atlantic City specimens have been recorded as X, nemo-

Dec., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 331

rale (ENT. NEwS, xiii, p. 315) and the Riverton individuals
as X. saltans.

Xiphidion fasciatum (De Geer). :

Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). Taunton, Sept. 6, 1902
(Stone). Medford, Sept. 5, r902 (Stone). Near West Creek,
Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn).

Xiphidion saltans Scudder.

Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard).

These specimens agree very well with the descriptions of
saltans, except for the fact that the body measurements of the
female are slightly larger, while the ovipositor is about one
and a half mm. shorter. The structure of the male cerci and
the coloration fully agree with the figures and descriptions.

Xiphidion strictum Scudder.

Atsion, Oct 8, 1903 (Hebard). Both forms of the species
and both sexes of each other are represented in the series from
this locality. The cerci of the male of the long-winged type
are somewhat different from those found in the short-winged
male, which is typical when compared with determined Ne-
braska material.

GRYLLID.
Tridactylus terminalis Scudder.
Lavallette, Ocean Co., May 20, 1903 (Viereck).

Nemobius fasciatus (De Geer).

Medford, Sept. 7, 1902 (Stone). Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903
(Hebard).
Nemobius carolinus Scudder.

Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). Near West Creek, Sept. 6,
1903 (Rehn).
Gryllus luctuosus Serville.

Atsion, Oct. 8, 1903 (Hebard). Riverton, Sept. 10, 1899.

One female in the Atsion series (9) might be mistaken for
G. firmus, as it is of extremely large size, but all the structural
characters are those of /uctuosus, except the number of tibial
spurs which appears to be of little or no taxonomic value.

342 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’04

Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister.

Near West Creek, Sept. 6, 1903 (Rehn). Between Chair-
ville and head of Batsto River, Burlington Co., June 17, 1901
(Rehn).

Ccanthus angustipennis Fitch.

Between Cedar Grove and Chatsworth, Sept. 7, 1903 (Rehn).
Clementon, Aug. 13, 1899 (Viereck).

Ccauthus quadripunctatus Beutenmiiller.

Westville, Aug. 31, 1899 (Viereck).

Description of Two New Species of Culex.

By Joun A. GROSSBECK, Paterson, N. J.
Culex pretans sp. nov.

?.—Head brown, occiput almost covered with pale yellow scales,
some of which collect in a distinct border to the eyes, and with a small
patch of dark brown scales on each side ; antennze dark brown, the basal
two joints pale testaceous ; proboscis and palpi dark brown, the terminal
joint of the latter almost obsolete. Mesonotum brown with numerous
yellowish scales and a usually well defined, broad median vitta of brown
scales, which does not quite reach the anterior margin and is slightly con-
stricted centrally ; there are two other patches of scales of the same
color, about one-third the length of the thorax, at the base of this vitta,
separated from it by a narrow line of yellow scales ; scutellum brown,
with many yellowish bristles; metanotum evenly dark brown; pleura
dark brown, with patches of pure white scales ; halteres yellowish white,
brown at the apex. Abdomen brownish black, the segments with narrow
whitish basal bands, which become wide at the sides; beneath it is
clothed with dirty white scales, mixed with some brown ones near the
apical margin of the segments. The bands are usually clearly defined, and
though narrow, are rarely obsolete. Legs with coxe yellowish ; femora
brown above, creamy white beneath, and with a dot of the same color at
the knee; tibiz dark brown above, yellowish beneath ; tarsi wholly
brownish black ; claws uniserrated on all feet ; wings hyaline, petiole of
first submarginal cell about half as long as this cell. Length 5 mm.

Described from fifteen females, one of which, with a male,
was bred from larve.

Habitat: Chester, Trenton, Lake Hopatcong and Great
Piece Meadows—all in New Jersey.

Types: in the collection of the New Jersey Experiment
Station.

Dec., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 333

The only male was dissected ; in color it does not differ from the fe-
male, but the thoracic stripe is slightly diffused and the abdominal band-
ing is broader and less defined. The palpi are uniformly brown ; the
claws of the anterior and mid feet unequal, the larger biserrated, the
smaller uniserrated, while the posterior ones are equal and uniserrated.
Petiole of first submarginal cell not quite the length of this cell. Length
5.3 mm.

Culex inconspicuus sp. nov.
° .—Head dark brown, occiput with pale yellow scales scattered over

‘the surface ; antennz dark brown, the two basal joints pale testaceous ;

proboscis and palpi dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown with yellowish
scales at the sides, forminga rather diffuse central brown vitta ; shoulders
brown, separated from the vitta by a narrow line of yellow scales ; scu-
tellum brown with yellow bristles ; metanotum blackish brown; pleura
brown, with small patches of grayish white scales ; halteres pale brown,
darker at the apex. Abdomen deep brown, with narrow dirty white
bands at base of segments, which widen out laterally ; beneath it is pale
brownish with scattered white scales, more so apically. Legs with coxze
pale brown, femora brown, under side yellowish white, knee dot barely
discernible ; tibia and tarsi wholly brown ; claws uniserrated on all feet ;
wings hyaline, petiole of first submarginal cell about one-third as long as
this cell. Length 4 mm.

“$.—Palpi uniformly dark brown. Bands of abdomen narrow in the
anterior segments, very wide in the posterior ones and with some mixed
brown scales, giving the bands a dark appearance ; beneath it is whitish,
with brown scales intermixed. Claws of anterior and mid feet unequal,

the larger biserrated, the smaller uniserrated ; claws of posterior feet

equal and uniserrated. Petiole of first submarginal cell about half as
long as this cell. Length 4.5mm. Otherwise as in the female.
Described from three d' and one ° bred from larve gath-
ered on Garret Mts., Paterson, N. J.
Type: in the collection of the New Jersey Experiment
Station.

A New Cryptine from the Nest of Ceratina Dupla.
By H. L. VIERECK.
Habrocryptus graenicheri, n. sp.

Superficially, this species resembles somewhat C. africolla-
vis, but differs in having the thorax and abdomen partly
black and in the more distinct sculpture.

2 10 mm.; ovipositor 3 mm.
Head rather shining and covered with rather shallow, adjoining small

334 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’04

punctures, the occipital ridge very sharp; clypeus polished; scape
rather pear-shaped, short and chunky ; pedicellum wider than long ; first
joint of the flagellum nearly twice as long as the scape ; antennz twenty-
seven jointed ; greater portion of the thorax sculptured and shining
nearly like the head; propleura rather transversely striated ; the seg-
ment of the mesopleura immediately beneath the wings smooth and pol-
ished on the lower half, punctured on the upper half ; scutellum polished,
sparsely punctured ; metanotum rugulose punctate, the posterior face
rather rugose, basal area quadrate or nearly, polished, bounded by indis-
tinct raised lines, two transverse, angulated, broken, raised lines extend-
ing across the metanotum from pleuron to pleuron and dividing the seg-
ment nearly into thirds, sinuate laterally, with a small curve extending
anteriorly and a large curve posteriorly, in the middle of the segment
straight and nearly parallel, forming the anterior and posterior boundary
of the incomplete areola; wings clear, nervures and stigma very dark
brown, areolet pentagonal, the sides converging above, the second
abscissa of the radius nearly as long as the side of the areolet or the
transverse cubiti.

Abdomen dullish, with small adjoining punctures, the apical segments
more shining, the basal segment polished, smooth and not sculptured,
with three lateral, longitudinal carinz, the middle carina most promi-
nent and almost bisected by the spiracle, the upper carina faint and obso-
lescent on the posterior half ; the lower carina is a distinct, almost straight
raised line.

Superficially appearing bare, but covered with short white, almost
abundant pubescence that is erect, ferruginous, head black except an
orbital undulate border that is broken between a point near the middle of
the posterior edge of the eye and a point almost opposite the anterior
ocellus, and extends down to near the insertion of the mandibles ; a spot
on each mandible, basal joint of maxillary palpi and joints eight, nine,
ten and eleven above and laterally, all of which are yellowish, almost
cream color; prothorax black except the anterior margin, which has a
yellowish border, and the borders of the pleura, which are yellowish and
brownish ; anterior coxz black internally, creamy white externally ;
proximate trochanter black with an apical yellowish border ; distal tro-
chanter blackish and brownish ; mesonotum and sutures around scutel-
lum and postscutellum black ; scutellum yellowish, almost white ; post-
scutellum ferruginous ; tegula, tubercles and extreme upper edge of
mesopleura anteriorly cream color or nearly; a border of blackish be-
neath the cream edge of the mesopleura; middle coxe rather testaceous,
brownish above, the trochanters brownish ; tarsi and claws of four ante-
rior legs and outer side of tibiz brown, the inner side of these tibiz yel-
lowish ; posterior legs ferruginous; distal trochanters, tibiz, basal and
apical joints of tarsi and claws brown ; fourth abdominal segment black-
ish ; fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth joints black, the seventh with a large

Dec., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 335

white spot covering nearly all of the dorsal surface of the segment ;
sheaths of the ovipositor black, ovipositor brown.

Type: Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

Type locality : Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

One specimen July 30, 1904. (S. Graenicher). Bred from
nest of Ceratina dupla. i

Anasa Tristis DeG.; History of Confined Adults;
. Another Egg Parasite.
By A. ARSENE GIRAULT.

On May 15th, 1904, a pair of these bugs, found in copula
on a squash plant, were confined without separation, in a
glass jar covered with cheese-cloth, and containing several
inches of fresh earth; a fresh leaf. of their food-plant was
added from day to day.

They remained connected for some time, but were found
separated on the morning of the 16th. However, sexual con-
nections continued, off and on, until the morning of the 21st,
when they were last observed. On the morning of the 23rd,
the @ was found dead, without depositing any eggs. The
$ remains in good condition.

Upon dissection, the abdomen of the ? was found to be
almost devoid of contents, and no eggs were present. This
was, at first, inexplicable, but was later explained by the
appearance, on the morning of June 7th, of a large Tachinid
with an orange abdomen, found flying noisily about in the jar.
That a @ thus infested should go naturally about her functions
seems peculiar at first thought.

On the 9th of June, morning, another ?, captured from a
squash plant was introduced into the jar with the original ¢.
The following morning they were sexually connected, showing
the ¢ to be polyganious, and hence liable to be found in rela-
tively smaller numbers. Again, on the roth of June, they
were in copula, while the @ had previously oviposited as
follows: June 15-16, 23 eggs; June 16-17, 22 eggs; June
18-19, 13 eggs, all of which were fertile. At 2 P. M., the
20th of June, the female was found ovipositing on a stem of a

336 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’04

fresh leaf. She had already deposited 10 eggs, when she was
accidentally disturbed. A few moments afterwards, the pair
were found again connected. On the mornings of the 22d of
June and 2nd of July records of sexual connections were
made, and doubtless copulation had been taking place during
the time intervals between these records.

On the 2nd of July both of the insects were in good
health, and fed quite often on the fresh leaves when they were
supplied each morning, the punctures making a dark-green,

‘‘moist’’ spot, characteristic of the injury of haustellate

insects to tender vegetation.

On July the 13th the ¢, having gradually grown weaker
and weaker, died. It had lived 58 and one-half days in con-
finement. Six days later or on the roth, the 9? died. She
lived 4o days, and deposited in that time 154 eggs. Deposi-
tions, other than those given in the foregoing, were as

follows: June 21-22, 13 eggs; June 24-25, 13 eggs; June —

28-29, 10 eggs; July 1-2, 22 eggs; July 3-4, 12 eggs; July
5-6, 7 eggs; July 7-8, 8 eggs ; July 9-10, 1 egg, final deposit ;
previous deposits, 68 eggs ; eggs in ovaries, 0 eggs.

This shows very plainly that the period of oviposition is
quite lengthy, and that the largest masses found do not even
indicate the normal number of eggs deposited by this species,
as is intimated in the various writings on this insect. As our
knowledge grows, we are finding continually that the ratings
of the number of eggs deposited by some of our commonest
and most injurious insects are entirely too small, and in many
cases entirely too vague (being founded as they are on indefi-
nite egg masses, on ovary contents, or even on estimates
merely). For instance, I have shown * that the common bag-
worm (7. ephemereformis) DEPOSITS EGGS TO AN AMOUNT

double that previously estimated, and that the ratings of the
number deposited by the American tent-caterpillar (C. amer-
cana) were far too low. | A more striking example, however,
has recently come to my notice.’ One of our most common,
wide-spread and injurious insects, one which has been the

* ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Igol, page 305.
t ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, 1904, pages 2-3.

Dec., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 337

subject of investigations for the past forty years by several
distinct boards of trained entomologists, and about which sev-
eral volumes have already been written, was thought to
deposit not more than 500 eggs. ‘That estimate was taken as
amaximum. About a year ago, one of the insects in confine-
ment actually deposited, in round numbers, two thousand
eggs ; and several months ago, another female in confinement,
actually raised this by one-half, depositing three thousand
eggs, or six times the first, and generally accepted estimate.

On the mornings of the roth and 11th of June, Hadronotus
carinatifrons Ashm., was observed ovipositing in the eggs of
Anasa, and afterwards many of them were bred in confinement.
They were at first taken to be H. anase, but a comparison of
the descriptions indicated otherwise, and Dr. Ashmead later
kindly determined them as carinatifrons.

Collecting Trip to Tulare County, California.
. During the Month of May, 1904.
By CHARLES FUCHS.

My collecting trip in Tulare County started from Visalia to
the Giant Forest to an elevation of about 7000 feet, and I can
call the result successful in regard to having collected some
rare and interesting beetles.

From Visalia I went to San Joaquin Mill, five miles, to
collect a variety of Cicindela pusilla var. lunalonga Schaupp,
of which species the type is in my possession. This species
was very rare until Dr. Van Dyke discovered it in Tuolumne
County. Ihave been successful in securing many specimens
with the different varieties ranging to black without any mark-
ings whatever on the elytra. Of Cicindela vulgaris var. vibex,
which species is found with /uznalonga on alkali ground near
water, I could find only four. MaybeI came toolate. October
and November, according to Mr. Ralph Hopping, will be the
time to collect both species again and vzbex (fide Hopping) will
have a brighter green in the fall than in the spring.

On the way from San Joaquin Mill to Kaweah (1000 feet
elevation) I beat willow with good results. In Kaweah,

338 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ogee

Redstone Park, for eight days I had very good results. I
shall mention here only a few species of importance. Scaph-
znotis subtilis Schaum. on very damp spots near water, rare;
Asida capitosa Horn on very dry spots on the road or hills ©
where I found them usually climbing up on the grass, not plen-
tiful ; Phobetus comatus Leconte, at sunset coming out of the
ground, especially under oak trees, flying about fifteen
minutes, all males. Females stay at the entrance of their
homes. I secured larve by digging in the ground, plentiful.
Cenonycha rotundata Horn, attracted by light, rare. I was
very much disappointed in not being able to secure in the
Lucanide that most interesting species of Diphyllostoma
jimbriata Fall, new genus, new species, discovered by my
friend, Mr. Hopping, in Redstone Park, May 8th, and described
by Professor Fall in the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 33, No.
II, 1901. I made use during eight days of all my experience
to find it. At sunset this beetle is found sitting on the tip of a
spear of grass. The surrounding trees are oaks which I have
investigated carefully. Next year I shall have to try again.

On my way to the Giant Forest from the entrance in the
Sequoia National Park, 3000 feet, I collected Omus intermedius
Leng, to 4000 feet under stones, but only on the north expo-
sure of the mountain road. Of Calosoma latipennis Horn,
only one; Mele barbarus Lec., two specimens. JZetrius con-
tractus var. sericeus Rivers, not rare. ‘Three different species
of the genus Scaphinotus, one of them probably a new species.
The Ceanothus bushes in fresh bloom furnished interesting
material. At 5000 feet elevation, the region for Omus levis
Horn, begins and continues to 7500 feet and to 11,000 feet, the
smooth form of O. /evis may be collected everywhere, under
stones, fallen trees and boards ; deep snow prevented my going
so far up. Mr. Hopping found on the Ceanothus flower a
beautiful Clerus eximius Mann., 4200 feet, twice the size of
specimens found at Berkeley. Colony Mill, 5415 feet, Zopherus —
granicollis Horn, only one. Different specimens of Ceram-
bycids and fourteen different Scolytides on the fly at sunset.
Scaphinotus oreophilus var. riversti, Roeschke, is to be found
from here to an elevation of 7500 feet, not rare.

Dec., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 339

In the small material collected on the fly at sunset in Giant
Forest and Sierra Camp I found many minute specimens new
to my collection, of which I shall give a later report when
worked up.

ones
a

Formica sanguinea, subsp. rubicunda, Em. and Xeno-

dusa cava Lec.;
or the discovery of pseudogynes in a districe of Kenodusa cava Lec.

By Pror. H. MUCKERMANN, §S.]J.,
Sacred Heart College, Prairie du Chien, Wis.

It may be known to the reader that in 1895 E. Wasmann,
S.J., advanced the hypothesis that the so-called pseudogynes
Wevdns = false, Avvy = female, in the colonies of Formica
sanguinea owe their existence and development to the rearing
of the beetle Lomechusa strumosa F. ‘The morphological char-
acteristics of these pseudogynes will be easily understood from
the accompanying figures. In the case of common workers
(Figs. 3 and 2c) we find the pronotum strongly developed,
whilst the mesonotum is but small. The normal female
(Fig. 2a), on the contrary, has a small pronotum and a
strongly developed mesonotum. The fseudogyne (Fig. 4 and
2b) combines with the size and abdomen of a worker the
mesonotum of a female ; it makes the impression of a deformed
female as well as of a deformed worker. A fseudogyne isa
frustrate creature, a ruined existence. Not being able to lay
eggs or to perform the functions of workers, it is a useless bur-
den of the colony and tends to finally degenerate the species.

After a careful research of five years, during which he exam-
ined and studied with the closest attention no less than 410
colonies of Formica sanguinea, Wasmann succeeded in raising
the following four propositions to established theses :

1. The districts of pseudogynes always coincide with the
districts of Lomechusa strumosa.

2. The colonies of Formica sanguinea containing pseudogynes
are always the centres of the districts of Lomechusa strumosa.

3. Without the districts of Lomechusa strumosa, there are no
pseudogynes to be found in the colonies of /. sanguinea.

4. No pseudogynes exist in colonies of Formica sanguinea,
where Lomechusa strumosa is found in the imago stage, but
they exist only in those colonies in which the larve of Lome-
chusa strumosa are reared for a number of years.

The above propositions Wasmann succeeded in verifying not
only for Formica sanguinea and Lomechusa strumosa, but also
for Formica rufa L,. and Atemeles pubicollis Bris, or Lomechusa
strumosa ; for Formica rufibarbis F. and Atemeles paradoxus

340 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’04

Grav. ; for Formica fusca 1,. and Atemeles emarginatus Payk.,
etc: te.

Now this array of facts was gathered in Europe, but it led
the famous biologist to surmise that probably a similar relation
existed between the American Xenodusa cava Lec. and its hosts,
namely : Camponotus pennsylvanicus Deg., Camponotus ligni-
perdus var. pictus For., Formica sanguinea subsp. rubicunda
Em., /ormica .pallidefulva, subsp. schaufussi Mayr.,* and
Formica exsectoides For.

However, no pseudogynes had as yet been observed in any
of the colonies of the ants just mentioned.

Wasmann, therefore, repeatedly called my attention to this,
and in his letter of March 19, 1901, directed me to attend
especially to the following points: (1) Which is the host that
rears the larvee of Xenodusa cava? and (2) Do the colonies of
that host contain pseudogynes ?

On August 23, 1900, I had been so fortunate as to find near
Prairie du Chien, Wis., seven specimens of Xenodusa cava
(Fig. 1) ina nest of Camponotus pictus. Subsequently I exam-
ined and searched not only the nest of C. pictus, but all the
nests in the neighborhood with the hope of. discovering, if
possible, the larvee of Xenodusa cava and the supposed pseudo- -
gynes. The task was tedious and discouraging. ‘The soil
which the ants had chosen for their subterranean habitation
was rather stony ; besides, the time when the Xenodusze were
found was precisely the period in which some ant-guests
change their hosts, so that it was altogether doubtful whether
the specimens sought for would be contained in the nest of
Camponotus pictus. In fact, it was not before the October of
1901, after many expeditions during the entire spring and
summer seasons, that my efforts were crowned with success.
In a colony of /. rubicunda within some too feet of the place
where Xenodusa cava was originally observed, a number of
true pseudogynes were discovered. ‘They are shown in the
accompanying photograph (Fig. 2). Great was my joy when
beholding for the first time these helpless creatures with their
small abdomen and strongly developéd mesonotum. ‘Their
whole behaviour excellently corresponded to the descriptions I
had read in the writings of Wasmann, and their strange thorax
in particular closely resembled that of the pseudogynes of
Formica sanguinea received from Holland. ‘This is, to my
knowledge, the first case observed in this country of pseudo-
gynes found in the district of Xenodusa cava.

Now from analogy, it was a priori probable, that the same

*This fact ] owe to Professor Wheeler, who wrote in his letter of
September 8, 1902, that he had found Xenodusa cava in nests of
fF. schaufussi and C. pictus on several occasions.

Dec., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 341

causal relation, which Father Wasmann had established for
F. sanguinea and L. strumosa should exist between F. rudi-
cunda and X cava.

But in spite of continued investigations I’ was unable to
substantiate this proposition any further, and in all probability
there is no hope at present to secure new material in this
region.

In the spring of 1902 the only nest of F. rubicunda which
contained pseudogynes and was located in the district of
~ Xenodusa cava, was found totally destroyed by heavy rains.
In the numerous other nests of 7. rwbicunda there were no
traces of either pseudogynes or larvee of Xenodusa cava.

It is hoped, however, that this brief notice will suffice to
induce such as are interested in the biology of ants to give their
attention to the remarkable relation mentioned above, as well
as to search for further facts which would confirm the one
observed in this region.

I close this paper by calling the attention of the reader to
the interesting question how this strange relation between the
existence and development of pseudogynes and the rearing of
the larvee of Xenodusa cava ought to be explained. Wasmann
is of the opinion that the repeated rearing of the beetle causes
a gradual change in the brooding instincts of the ants, so that
the pseudogynes are but a developmental stage of such larve,
as were originally destined to become females, but in course
of their later development were transformed into workers.
Besides, an interesting psychic problem is suggested by the
fact that it is the fault of the ants themselves that these encum-
brances on their commonwealth come into existence and mul-
tiply with such rapidity.

Of the numerous publications of E. Wasmann, S.J., on this
subject we mention especially the following :

1. Die ergatogynen Formen bei den Ameisen und ihre
Erklaerung. Biologisches Centralbl. XV., 1895, pp. 606-646.

2. Kritisches Verzeichnis der myrmekophilen und termito-
philen Arthropoden. Mit Angabe der Lebensweise und Besch-
reibung neur Arten. Berlin, “1804.

3. Neue Bestaetigungen der Lomechusa-Pseudogynentheorie,
Verhandlungen der deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 1902,

pp. 98-108.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XxX.

Fig. 1.—Xenodusa cava Lec. (original).

Fig. 2.—Formica sanguinea subsp. rubicunda, Em. a = female ; b =
pseudogyne ; c = normal worker (original).

Fig. 3.—Thorax of a normal worker of /. rudicunda (original).

Fig. 4.—Thorax of a pseudogyne of F. rubicunda (original).

342 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’04

On the Discovery of Fig-insects in the Philippines.
By WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD.

Representatives of nearly all the known families of the Hy-
menoptera are rapidly being discovered in the Philippine Islands,
and I have now the pleasure of recording the discovery, by
Father Robert Brown, of fig-insects or, better, fig-wasps in the
archipelago belonging to two distinct families,—Fam. Agaoni-
dee, or genuine fig-wasps, and Fam. Torymidz, sub-fam. Idar-
' ninee, or parasitic fig-insects.

The two species are described below.

Family AGAONIDA.
. Genus KRADIBIA Saunders.
Kradibia brownii n. sp.

? .—Length 0.9 mm.; ovipositor short, about one-third the length of the |

abdomen. Black and shining, the eyes pale, the scape and pedicel of the
antennz rufo-testaceous, the flagellum black or brown-black, the five last
joints enlarged, the last joint the largest, oval ; the legs—except the hind
coxz, which are black, and the very long tarsi, which are white—are brown_
ish yellow ; the wings are hyaline, but with the veins dark brown, the
stigmal vein being slightly longer than the marginal, the postmarginal
much longer.

Type, No. 8177, U. S. N. M.
Manila. Described from a single specimen.
This genus was originally described from Australia.

Family TORYMIDA.
‘Genus SYCORYCTES Mayr.
Sycoryctes philippinensis n. sp.

Q.—Length 1.4 mm.; ovipositor very long, nearly twice as long as the
whole insect and clavate at tip. Brownish yellow, the eyes brown, the
dorsum of abdomen towards base with a black spot, the sheaths of the
ovipositor entirely black ; the scape of the antennz and the legs are pale
yellowish, the flagellum being brownish ; the wings are hyaline, the veins

pale yellowish ; the long stigmal vein is a little shorter than the marginal,
the postmarginal vein being long.

Type, No. 8178, U. S. N. M.
This genus was originally described from Java, but I have

representatives of it from Australia and New South Wales no
yet described.

ate _- : a a

od

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]

To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at out

" earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-

tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy ’’ into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Eb.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., DECEMBER, 1904.

There is one thing appertaining to entomology that has not
developed in proportion to the growth and demand of the
study. We refer to the entomological supply business. The
commercial people have not seen the enormous increase of
interest in ourstudy and there is almost no competition among
dealers in thiscountry. In Europe the journals contain many
advertisements of dealers offering all kinds of supplies and
doubtless one can obtain almost anything promptly, while in
this country there are only a very few dealers and they appear
incompetent to properly handle the business. In Philadelphia
with over a million people and many persons interested in
entomology, there is not a single place where one can get
satisfactory entomologicalsupplies. If a museum or individual
wishes insect boxes, from six months to a year will elapse
before they are supplied, and one must suffer from stagnation
and paralysis in caring for additional specimens or rearranging
old. Ifa few thousand specimens are received they crowd up
the temporary receptacles and must wait two or three months
for printed pin labels before they can be incorporated in the
collections, as it is impossible to get labels promptly. We
have heard all the explanations and excuses for this condition
of affairs and believe none of them valid. Is there not a man
who will go into the business who is not suffering from the
sleeping sickness? We believe a live, wide-awake firm or
individual could build up a fine business in entomological
supplies and appliances, but the business must be thoroughly
understood.

343

344 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’04

Notes and News.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

Pror. Levi W. MENGEL has submitted to me a moth and a butterfly
new to the fauna of the United States :—Amblyscirtes elissa Godman &
Salvin, Biol. Cent.-Am., Tab. 95, fig. 40 9, fig. 41 6’, Mexico ; Cochise
Co., Arizona, Biederman ; MWelanchroia monticola Schaus, Ent. Amer.,
5, 192, 1889, Las Vigas, Mexico, Biol. Cent.-Am., Het., 2, 408, pl. 73, f.
33,. 34; Reef, Cochise Co, Arizona, August 29, 1904, Biederman.—
HENRY SKINNER.

ON THE METHOD OF ‘‘OARING’”’ IN WATERBUGS (HEMIPTERA).—In
‘*Half-hours with Insects,’’* p. 158, Packard writes: ‘‘In this insect (i.
e., Notonecta), as well as in Corixa, as Schiédte observes, the hind legs
are moved both together, as in Dytiscus. In Belostoma, and probably
Ranatra, they are moved alternately.’’ Notes on the habits of waterbugs
have been few and obvious, though the American forms at least are being
zealously investigated by my friend Mr. Bueno.

Ranatra and Nepa are crawlers, slow and deliberate, over the bottom
of pond or lake, or cling to the submerged parts of aquatic plants ; even
when moving through the water, their gait is rather a kind of paddling.
Belostoma, on the other hand, has good serviceable oars (though not so
remarkably modified for that purpose as in Nofovecta), and alternate
movements of the legs would produce much the same effect as that of a
tyro rowing crew heedless of ‘‘ time.” ;

I have never seen any of the Belostomide alive ; but I am sure, from
an examination of their structure, that Packard’s statement is incorrect.
Unfortunately, the giant race has not yet reached these peaceful shores. —
My position in the matter is somewhat like that of Pooh-Bah. As a lover
of waterbugs I would welcome them with open arms; as a professional
economic entomologist, it would undoubtedly be my dolorous duty to
exterminate them. G. W. KIRKALDY.

Honolulu, H. I., June 14, 1904.

EPIPYROPS BARBERIANA Dyar.—Recently Mr, Carl Hartman, of Austin,
Texas, sent me a letter, accompanied by three specimens of Apipyrops
barberiana, one male and two females, and a specimen of a Fulgorid,
Ormenis pruinosa Say. Mr. Hartman in his letter says:

‘“‘ There is a close social relation between the moths and the wax-pro-
ducing Fulgorid. The latter insect carries under the left wing the mass
of wax, or rather the waxen sac (several of which I send you) until
ready to deposit the same. The lantern-fly lives, it seems, on the cedar
bushes of this vicinity, and it is on them that the waxen sacs are almost
exclusively found. The wax, when the sac is deposited, is soft and
sticky, and can be drawn out into microscopically fine threads, a foot or

““Half-hour Recreations in Natural History,” Div. 1, pt. 5—Insects of the Pond and
Stream. (No date=1874-5),

Dec., 04] ~ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 345

more in length, by touching the wax and removing the finger to a dis-
tance. The sacs are then pasted on the upperside of the sprays of cedar
in the manner which you can see from the specimens. I got several in-
sects and placed them in bottles over night. The sacs had been pasted
to the bottles, and in doing this the wax had been smeared over a small
area around the sacs in an ‘untidy’ fashion. In each case the Fulgorid
was dead in the morning. It was from these sacs that the moths I send
you were reared.

**T gathered, on September roth, a dozen sacs and placed them ina
bottle, with the result that two moths appeared on September 13th, and

“a chalcid-fly, which latter I shall send to Dr. Ashmead. The latter is

most probably parasitic on the larva of the moth.”

The observations of Mr. Hartman are of very great interest, and I
hasten to communicate them to the ENT. NEws. W. J. HOLLAND.

Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa., June 14, 1904.

MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN DRAGONFLIES’ (OpoONATA).—I
shall be glad to examine, name and return to the owner, or to purchase
or otherwise acquire, Mexican and Central American dragonflies, in order
to add to our information on this group for the Biologia Centrali-Amert-
cana. I particularly request any one having even one or two of these
insects from these countries to communicate with me on this subject.—
Puicip P. CALVERT, Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1900 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Cocytius CLuEentius Cr.—I took a specimen of this species at De-
troit, Mich , July 11, 1904. Mr. A. W. Andrews and myself had been
hunting sphinges, etc., on milkweed blossoms; but as our success was
indifferent, owing to the immaturity of the flowers, we decided to exam-
ine the electric lights of Highland Park village. We at once met with
success, and at the fourth or fifth light visited I found a huge sphinx,
larger than any hitherto known to us around Detroit. It was lying on
the asphalt pavement about fifteen feet from the base of the pole. Un-
fortunately, it had been injured, apparently by a passing wheel; yet it
was bright and fresh and made a passable cabinet specimen. It was alive
when taken, but offered very feeble resistance to capture.

The present specimen expands six and one-half inches (set in the
usual way). It is a deep chocolate color, the forewing lightly irrorate
with gray. Beneath the apex is a light brown patch, extending from the
outer edge inwards, narrowing as it approaches—but not reaching—the
middle of the wing. Along the inner margin is a large brown patch,
somewhat darker than the other and crossed by several darker bands
and shades. The hind wing has a pale area beyond the middle ; the base
is yellow, divided bya dark streak into two. The abdomen is of the
same dark color above with gray irrorations, and has six yellow spots on
each side. The specimen is a female.

The question arises—How did this sphinx get so far north? The near-
est railroad, one-half mile away, runs east and west. Three miles south

346 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ' [Dec., ’04

are three other roads, connecting the city with all points of the compass.
It was a hot sultry night with no wind and for the most part cloudy—an
ideal night for collecting.

In the ‘‘ NEws,”’ Vol. II, page 334, Mr. Troschel records the capture of
cluentius at Chicago. Surely this species should now be on our list of
Sphingidz. W. W. NeEwcoms, M.D.

Doings of Societies.

A meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held at the
residence of Mr. Frank Haimbach, 1309 Allegheny Avenue,
Philadelphia, October 19th, Mr. Erich Daecke, Vice-President,
in the Chair. Nineteen persons were present. Dr. Calvert
exhibited larvee and pupze of the bee-moth and said they were —
for distribution among the members. He said the wood under
each cocoon was gnawed out for its reception, thus ferming a
little depression. The robber-moth, Acherontia atropos, was
mentioned, and Mr. Daecke said he took a fine specimen far
out at sea, in the Mediterranean. Mr. Haimbach spoke of the —
great abundance of Aletia argillacea at St. Louis. He saw
thousands and counted 42 on one window. Mr. Wenzel said
he had been studying Balaninus, and found it extremely
dificult to collect imagos, but had secured larve by the
thousands. Many chestnuts from Timber Ridge, Va., con-
tained larve of B. rectus and proboscideus. Mr. Huntington
had seen a live scorpion brought into the Fair Grounds at St.
Louis. He was under the impression that they were tropical
in habitat. Mr. Viereck said the complex nomenclature of
insects had not infrequently driven students away from ento-
mology, and he gave the opinion of the Rev. Edward Everett
Hale and other writers on the subject. Recently Dr. Graen-
icher, of Milwaukee, had sent him rare or new parasitic
Hymeroptera reared from Ceratina dupla, which show how
interesting are the biological studies irrespective of nomen-
clature. Mr. Greene reported the capture of Czcindela purpurea
var. limbalis in Northern New Jersey in the neighborhood of
Boonton on April 27th.

Mr. Daecke reported the capture of Diachlorus ferrugatus
near Weymouth, N. J. Osten Sacken gives its distribution as

Dec., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 347

Mexico, West Indies, Honduras and Brazil. He also exhib-
ited a new tabanid taken at Brown’s Mills Junction, N. J.,
June 27th.

HENRY SKINNER, Secretary, pro tem.

A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held
October 27th, Dr. Philip P. Calvert, President, in the chair.
Eighteen persons were present. ‘The President announced the
death, on May 23rd, of Mr. Robert McLachlan, elected a cor-
respondent of the Society December Io, 1866. Mr. Rehn ex-
hibited seven species of 7aeniopoda, which represents all the
species but two. The genus can be divided into two parts by
the character of the median carina of the pronotum. Since
Bolivar made this division a connecting link had been found
in Mexico. The species vary greatly in coloration. Upon
being questioned Mr. McClendon, who had observed them in
nature, said they did not fly. Mr. Ilg exhibited specimens of
Atteva aurea taken at Philadelphia. Mr. Wenzel exhibited
_ fine specimens of Cychrus viduus taken not far from the city
limits, in Delaware County. ‘They are very rare here, and the
species had been taken by his father and grandfather. He
also exhibited larvee of Balaninus rectus and proboscideus. Dr.
Calvert exhibited a specimen of Somatochlora tenebrosa taken
by Mr. E. E. Wildman at Pocono Inn, Penna., August Ist,
a new record for the State. It has, however, been found in
New Jersey by Mr. Rhoads. Dr. Calvert read an abstract of
the address of the President of the Belgian Entomological So-
ciety on the ‘‘ Metamorphoses of Insects.’’ Discussed by the
members. Mr. Haimbach referred to the great variation in
the larvee of the Bombycine moths. Mr. Rehn spoke of the
similarity of some adults in the Orthoptera and the difference
among theirnymphs. Mr. Wenzel quoted Mr. Joutel in differ-
entiating Saferda larve by their workings in wood. Mr.
Harvey exhibited some unknown galls found in ant’s nests.

HENRY SKINNER, Secretary.

348 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | [Dec., ’04

The thirteenth regular quarterly meeting of the Pacific Coast
Entomological Society was held on August 20th, 1904, at the
Café Odeon, 8 O’Farrell Street, San Francisco, President
Fuchs in the chair. _

Sixteen members and six visitors were present. Four new
members were elected.

Fordyce Grinnell by letter stated that he had spent from
May 30th to June 2oth in the San Emiglio Mountains in-
Western Kern County, and ascended Mt. Pinos over gooo feet
altitude. In San Emiglio Canon he found a species of Lycena
near speciosa ; around Mt. Pinos a distinct Satyrus, a Melitea
near gabbii, and an Argynnis that he could not place, and a
peculiar Lycena of the icaroides group. On the Mojave Desert,
near Lancaster, he took Pholisora libya, which is only found in
the desert and hard to catch.

President Fuchs delivered an annual address and reported a
‘* Collecting Trip’’ to Tulare County, California.

Mr. Frances X. Williams reported a collecting trip to Santa
Cruz County, in June 2zoth-July 25th. He stated that the
Hepialide have the habit of flying about for about 40 minutes
up to 8.20 o’clock P. M. The males fly zigzag in sheltered
spots, while the females are larger and darker and fly zigzag
but continuously and scatter their eggs upon the ground.

Dr. F. E. Blaisdell reported a larva of Omus seqguoiarum
that was collected in Calaveras County, 1903, and that it had
pupated. As soon as it was placed in a jar of earth it made a
burrow and was fed on flies from June 25th to August Ist,
when it closed’ its burrow and in a cell laid upon its back for
six months, and at the end of January, 1904, it again became
active and was fed on flies. About June rst, 1904, it again
closed its burrow and disappeared, but about July 15th it had
pupated.

He also reported the finding of Qzedius fulgidus, var.
erythrogaster, Fuchsina occulta, Gyrohypnus sp., and the remains
of Aphodius cribricollis in the wood-rats’ nest in the Alhambra
Valley, Contra Costa County.

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke in considering the species of Amphicoma,
said that probably there was dichromatism in the species of the

Dec., ’04] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 349

Pacific Coast : wrsina, the usual brown form and a rare melanotic
form ; canina with its var. cooperi, and what he believed will
prove melanotic forms, edwardsiz and rathvont.

Mr. L. E. Ricksecker stated that he obtained a colony of
Chariessa elegans on white oak. Eight or ten specimens were
obtained from a dead but freshly cut tree.

Dr. Blaisdell exhibited a series of Collops collected in Contra
Costa County, showing that the quadri-maculate forms are
extreme variations in the color marking of the wholly dark
elytral forms. And also a series of Zzza showing that the
wholly black, with the var. confluens are but color variations
of L. scripta. He stated that the specific term of Bembidinm
concinnum was preoccupied, having been applied to an Euro-
pean species, and in its place he proposed that the species be
known as Bembidium perconcinnum Blais. Mr. Roland Hay-
ward called his attention to the need of renaming the species.

F. FE. BLAISDELL, M. D., Secretary.

Minutes of meetings of Brooklyn Entomological Society, ©
held at the residence of Mr. George Franck, 1040 DeKalb
Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

January 7, 1904.—Nineteen persons present, the President
in the chair. The following were elected officers for the
ensuing year: John B. Smith, President ; Edward L. Graef,
Vice-President ; Christopher H. Roberts, Treasurer; Archi-
bald C. Weeks, Secretary ; Richard F. Pearsall, Librarian ;
George Franck, Curator ; R. Ellsworth Call and Edward G.
Love, members of Executive Committee, in conjunction with
above-named officers.

Dr. Call reported that the Children’s Museum of the
Brooklyn Institute had prepared exhibits, which would be
further extended showing the relations between plants and
insects so far as the cross fertilization and pollinization of the
former by the latter were effected.

Mr. Carl Schaeffer read a paper relating some of his col-
lecting experiences at Brownsville, Texas, during the past sea-
son. So many of the trees, shrubs and plants were equipped

350 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’04

with spines or thorns that collecting was a matter of some
difficulty. Insects of all orders were taken, but principally
Coleoptera, of which some eighty species were not included
in the North American check lists and nearly sixty species
were new to science. Many of the insects taken belonged to
the sub-tropical fauna which had invaded this region. Mr.
Schaeffer exhibited drawings of many of the new species of
Coleoptera, principally distributed among the Cleridz, Mala-
chidze, Ptinide and Cerambycide, the former predominating.

Discussion by Messrs. Call, Smith, Schaeffer and Weeks as
to what should govern the limits of a faunal region, with the
conclusion that it was best determined by the character of the
vegetation.

february 4, 1904.—Fifteen persons present, the Vice-Presi-
dent in the chair. Dr. Kenneth F. Junor, of Brooklyn, was
elected a member. Mr. Engelhardt reported that he had
found the bird’s nests forming a portion of the collections of the
Children’s Museum infested with the larve of the clothes
moth (7Zinea fellionella). ‘The materials in the nests were
straw, sticks, cotton, leaves and feathers.

Dr. Call had found the same larvze as well as those of the
common Lermestes in the interior of dried crabs which had origi-
nally been preserved in alcohol and the same moth had riddled
the wooden table covers under cases which had been standing
for some little time.

Mr. Doll exhibited specimens of Lepidoptera taken by him
at Brownsville, Texas, during the past summer, and described
the relative rarity and previously recorded range of occurrence
of each species. Many of the species were not only new to
our fauna, but to science. Among them Copidryas cosyra,
which until very recently had been limited to Mexico ; species
allied to Ecpantheria, Dasylophia, Edema and Schizura, new to
our fauna; Ecpantheria muzina, a large number of imagos
were obtained from a batch of 250 eggs, showing variations
which had heretofore been described under independent names ;
Melitea perlula, new to our fauna and heretofore recorded from
Venezuela ; Axartia fatima, new to our fauna and not in Dr.
Holland’s Book, previously recorded habitat, Cuba; A7vico-

Dec., ’04] _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 351

gonia lyside, many specimens taken showing great variation,
probably heretofore described under various names; Pyrgus
pastor, heretofore recorded from Mexico ; Nisoniades potrilio,
heretofore recorded from Mexico and Cuba.

March 3, 1904.—Twenty persons present, the President in
the chair. Mr. Engelhardt, in extension of the discussion at
the previous meeting, read a paper upon ‘‘ Museum Pests, and
Some of their Breeding Places.’’ King crabs, lobsters and
other crustaceans were attacked by both the larve of the
clothes moth and Axfhrenus, the ligaments being devoured to
such an extent as to cause the joints to separate. The larve
were active in all stages in warm rooms during the winter,
despite contrary opinions. Bisulphide of carbon only partially
destroyed these pests. The feathers and rags in bird’s nests
as well as dried bog grass, were attacked by the clothes moth.
Powdered naphthaline was successfully employed in such
cases. The book louse (Aévopos divinatoria) not only devoured
paste or glue used in binding, but also penetrated the shellac
coating upon shells to reach the dried tissue beneath. Cock-
roaches and house crickets would devour insects while on

“setting boards. . These should be laid or hung in tight closets
or cabinets with powdered naphthaline sprinkled on the bottom
and shelves. Mice and rats would also work havoc among
living cocoons, or to an exposed collection, and were particu-
larly persistent in their efforts to reach dried specimens of any
kind.

Dr. Call mentioned that Indian garments as well as the
feathers of mounted birds were frequently destroyed by the
clothes moth and that in addition to carbon bisulphide he had
used a toilet spray filled with corrosive sublimate dissolved in
alcohol in the case of infested crustaceans.

Mr. Schaeffer suggested the thorough saturation of the inte-
rior of insect and other cases with carbolic acid, the odor of |
which, in his experience, had proved permanently effective
without renewal.

Dr. B. S. Middleton (of Mullingar, Ireland, visitor), stated
that his collection of Brazilian butterflies had been eaten
by cockroaches in the hold of his ship, and Mr. Franck related

352 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. — [Dec., ’o

the same experience with ants in a consignment of specimens
from Europe.

Discussion, in which the distribution of powdered naphtha-
line or carbolic acid in cabinets, closets and cases was admitted
to be generally effectual for protection. >

Professor Smith read a paper entitled ‘‘ Some Remarks on
Classification.’’

Discussion by Messrs. Call, Franck, Hoover and Smith,
in which the improbability of an agreement on a uniform
basis of classification was thought not likely to be soon, if
ever, reached. ARCHIBALD C. WEEKS, Secretary.

OBITUARY.

We have learned with regret of the death of that veteran
entomologist, Professor F. G. Schaupp. He was buried at
San Antonio, Texas, on November roth. Professor Schaupp
was well known from his writings on Coleoptera published in
the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, his prin-
cipal work being Synoptic Tables of the Cicindelide. Since
his removal to Texas he has done valuable work in collecting.
We trust the Brooklyn Entomological Society will publish an
account of his life.

Mr. J. T. Klein died, October 14th, suddenly, at his residence,
of apoplexy, aged 58 years. He was born February 17, 1846,
near Ortdruf, Thuringia, where he received a good education
and came to America in 1867.

In 1872 he came to this place (Torrington, Conn.), when I
became acquainted with him. He has been an ardent collector
of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, and his collection contains
specimens from nearly every quarter of the globe.. Through
all these years he worked hard to interest others in the study of
Entomology, and he was always glad to entertain visitors and
show them his treasures.

Mr. Klein was a member of the Litchfield County Scientific
Association and the Entomological Society ‘‘ Iris’’ Dresden,
Saxony. A wife, daughter and son survive him.—H. H. A.

ENT. News, Vou. XV.

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