: = gs pt eed eat omy ie om Se ee nt A raat meet ay oa RE ee Sen ay Spigke sf Sie sa a we ae ee ae oe ria ool, She ——~$ ‘ ie aT Jo at JANUARY, 1907. ~ ENTOMOLOGIGAL NEWS mol XVIII. No. 1. Syntomeida befana Skinner. EDITOR: HENRY SKINNER, M. D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: EZRA T. CRESSON. HENRY L. VIERECK. A. G. REHN, PHILIP LAURENT. WILLIAM J. FOx. H. W. WENZEL. PHILADELPHIA: ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCEs, LOGAN SQUARE. Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the Entomo- logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Entomological Society. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.00 IN ADVANCE. Outside of the United States and Canada, $1.20. Advertising Rates: 30 cents per square inch, single insertion ; a liberal discount on Jonger insertions. 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Papilio turnus, roc.; troilus, ioc.; philenor, roc.; Eudamus tityrus, 7¢ ; Ampelophaga myron, roc.; Sphinx luscitiosa, goc.; chersis, goc ; Ceratomia amyntor, roc.; undulosa, 10c.; Dalba hyl@us, 20c.; P. excecatus, 12¢.; myops, r2c.; Cressonia piglandis, 12¢.; Parasa viridis, 5c.; Apatelodes torrefacta, 5c; Samia cynthia, 2c ; A promethea, 3c., angulifera, goc., cecropia, 3¢.; A. luna, 20C., $2.00 a dozen; T. polyphemus, 7c¢., 75c, a dozen, Hyp. io, 8¢., 85¢. a dozen; E. imperials, 12c., $7.25 a dozen; Antsota stigma, 7c. O. FULDA, 816 BROADWAY, NEW YORK NEW PUBLICATIONS APTERA A Revision of the Mouth-parts of the Corrodentia and the Mallophaga, by R. E. Snodgrass. 11 pp., 1 pl. (Trans. 1905) . . 2... 2... 10 MAILED ON RECEIPT OF PRICE E. T. CRESSON, Treasurer, P, O. Box 248, Philadelphia, P’ When Writing Please Mention “ Entomological News.” | _ Entomological News PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. VOLUME XVIII, 1907. EDITOR : ; HENRY SKINNER, M.D. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: EZRA T. CRESSON HENRY L. VIERECK J. A..G., REHN. PHILIP LAURENT WILLIAM jJ. Fox H. W. WENZEL. PHILADELPHIA : ay! ENTOMOLOGICAL Roos oF (s \t "1 \ THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, 78 | LOGAN SQUARE. 1907. 89-55 N. 7TH St., PHILADELPHIA ¢ or = 7. J wae 3 INDEX TO VOLUME XVIII. (Notes and articles on geographical distribution are indexed under the names of the States or countries concerned, and wof¢ under the species listed therein, except in the case of new or re-described forms. New generic and specific names are marked with a *.) GENERAL SUBJECTS. Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila., Entom. Section of 28, 29, 30, 265, 266, 456. Alamogordo, N. Mex., Faunal 08 os ig co sab eee 398 Aleutian Islands, Expedition se ca ee bles, fe 256 American Entomological So- Ciety, 31, 32, 266, 267, 268, 454, 455. ; Apterism, Originof ..... 16 RNOEEIA 6 sg. cs se 454 Biologia Centrali- Americana, Dumereas Of. 9. .. 2... 106 Bionomics, Insect. .... . 426 Bird attacked by Be/osioma. . 452 Blood-sucking Psychodidae in MIE Oi oh es IOI BTID sits ck ge en 64, 65 Brooklyn Entomologists, Rem- MOMCeS OL 2 2 wo. 71 Brooklyn Entomological So- ciety, 69, 70, 71, 72, 257, 406, 411, 412, 457. See a 110 California Academy of Scien- eee sce 109 Cambridge Entomological Club 450 merasfordata ....... 155 Cattle-fly, Hawaiian. .... 262 RE fag agg 66 Central America, Champion’s ee 33, 62 Classification of insects . . . 243 Cocoons, Insects living in ce- cropid: “.\Zeeeeee i. 365, 408 Collecting, Most advantageous method of...) 4... 69 Cotton Belt, Association of Official Entomologists of. . 64 Crippled insects, How to de- | IR i ica co ea 112 Cyanide tubes for small insects. 320 Delayed emergence from pupa. 257 DeLuxe editions of entomo- S0SICAL ONES 5. 53.) 5 Blac 157 Dimorphism of Aphids. . . . 431 Domestic fowl, new parasite of 399 Double mounts, Method of . 29 Economic Entomology ... 168 Editorials, 25, 59, 106, 160, 213, 254, 317, 364, 399, 449. Eggs laid by insects, Number WB eS CU eS edt a 89 Entomological Literature, 26, 255, 257, 332, 363, 402, 450. Entomological Society of Amer- ica, 62, 162, 257, 317, 368, 453. Entomologists dine... . . 366 Entomology at 7th Internat. Zool. Congress ...... 364 bet 7: Ge Pe aM ee a 216, 454 Feldman Collecting Social, 67, 68, IIo, 215, 216, 319, 408, 409, 410, 458. Florida, Collecting in . . 319, 454 Food plants on color, Effect of 214 Frog swallowing dragonfly . . 455 Galapagos Is., Expedition to, 105, 164, 260. Glossary of Entomology . 70, 72 Glucose inhoney ...... 262 Guatemala, Champion collect- IE Ces ore ake ae ae 34 Habits of Anthocharis olympia 79 Habits of Podagrion mantis . 107 “ Scellus virago. . . 136 ii INDEX. RST PU ee aoe) Sa 265 Hydrochinone crystals, Plodia feed OR. Oe era 451 Identify insects, Specialists willing to, 59, 105, 161, 188, 214, 251, 253, 256. Increase and decréase of in- Sects, (Periodicae ni as 257 Increase of insects in cities . 72 International Entomological CORTES oo es tet ae 399 Lake Laboratory, Ohio Uni- OTE ew ee ig hg 214 Life zones in California 263 Luminous insects ...... 318 Mating of diverse species . . 412 Mexico, Collecting in. . 30, 231 NOR a a a 268, 409 Mosquito extermination . 263 Mosquito survey of Pennsylva- BM cee ee oe kg 29 Myrmecophily ....... 328 Newark Entomological So- ciety, I11, 264, 265, 367, 373. New species, Sources of error er es es 106 Nomenclature, Dignity of 411, 457 Obituary : Carron) .5 6 oss a ne Ge TRESS. oy are ee 112 Proverc Hee oo Coe TIL 312 Merrick, H. D 320 Simpson, C. B 112 Osten Sacken, Books from li- braty of Baron... 409 Pacific Coast Entomological oe ea a ee an 259, 260 Panama, Champion collecting Te ate RD SRE U NN Bis MEER i 40 Pennsylvania, most southern neecis Of. oC ee 456 Personals : Baker, Ci Pe ot cs 402 PT OCHOY 3.245 oo Gon a tc 14 Chambliss, C. E. 450 Champion,G.C. ... 62 SHAPE Ws Vs oe te 161 Comstock, J. H . . 334, 444 Cordley, A. B. 138 Cresson, E. T., Jr. 363 ip iB Ee | aaa ae 89 A a SS ae 214 AU RSS 0 ar 332 Grossbeck, J. A. ... 161 Hieber ae 334 Kaehber,. Fi 336 McClendon, J. F 365 Needham, J. G. 2 sage Pilsbry, Hike 26 Quayle, H. J >>. me 132 Rehn, J. A; G . > ian0Gyaae Sanderson, E. D. . . . 365 Schaus, W ..° i: 205 Skinners, Ho.) eee 332 Slosson, Mrs. A. T.. . 251 Soiith, RY iba seshe ee 400 SHOW, Fee kds pee ene 27 Spooner, C. S. 365 Van Dyke, E.C. . 256 Volk, WV Soa 132 Wenzel, H. A. ean Wilings TN a 332 Williston,S.W ... . 164 Phylogeny of insect orders 243 Pitcher-plant insects ..... 413 Plants injured by insects : ACALONG 5) hs ee 171 Ambrosia 357 Bape os 5 oe ee eee 172 AV Ct OSS SES 171 PASTOR gS Re a ee 172 BACCRAPIS SEs sean 172 BODES 5 5, ech es 362 23 / 2 ae 172 Canrrnge: fs 361 Caps SS ay 366 Castor oil plant... . . 453 oe Ns aa ae 172, 173 Chrysanthemum 172 OUR: 2): 2. Se 64 Cranberry ... i358 T7 Croton . 2 Eee 361 a i il el Rivers, Collecting on . . . 258 _ INDEX. iii 0 a ee oe aa 172 | Thingstobedone...... 160 SE eae aa 172 | Variation in offspring . .. . 314 wee aie. . 172 | Variation in venation, Geo- GMAMIASIA ke. 363 OrenicGl FAs 6 ia aps 32 eeasmundela.. 2... 360 | Ventriloquist, An insect. . . 335 : Hazel Sie. 338 ARACHNIDA. Sippel aos 381 COMME BOO eater 6 ee 161 memory ..... «5G : 8 ehens | ee 341 Greeniella .. . he tes . 44 ee 172 Haemaphysatis leporis-palus- ne 454 vi ge Seen OR 378 a Mites on West African Bees . . 448 Br umenizeha. 6 6 gs 381 P. hae 8 WHORAT ER: 5° Sst 381. ar OE: aaed Potion. Fae ne ete Myetié eee 172 Phalangid notes ; . Sra te ee on SEE (oe Sa ore Tick parasitized by Hymenop- CO” ai ieee Deis 108 We eee Ue a Pee aes 375 Ie a eee 162 COLEOPTERA. Ee iviar ar 73 |. Aomaeadera Sa 176 OME, Fe 592.1 AMOUE oe 8 ec oh 176 Rhamnus..... 172,173 | Alaephus puberulus* .. . ~. 175 IN og og ENS Soe 338 - Wh a 175, 176 TY ee 413 | Aleocharinae, Casey on . . 26, 60 Sideranthus . 357,385 | Anthonomus aeneotinctus . . 366 Solanum. .... 359, 360 | Aphodius blaisdelli ..... 177 oe SS a ees 172 | Arizona, C. of, 7, 261, 301, 305, Straw-flowers. ... . 63 306, 410, 457. DU io ee Shae a 172 | Baris monardae* ...... 380 PE see aoe 172 Ooi RMERISN has ce sane 379 \ 7 Be AS eee 340 | Beecells,C. from. ..... 446 Washingtonia. .... i72'| Bothoweevs. 6658. 2. ie 64 IMO cece be Stes os 111 | California, C. of . . . 259, 301, 446 Xanthium . 380, 385 | Coccinellids and aphids . . . 171 Xanthoxylum F wor, sad | Colorada, ©. 08 5. k 4 60 ON: 5s eX@ae sats Se te OF MONSEES os Sates 176 Plants visited by bees, 51, 178, Delphastus pusillus . . . . . 338 195, 287, 288, 293, 396, 397, Evil-smelling beetle. . . . . 367 409, 447. ; Galeruca pomonae ..... 269 Polyembryony ....... 9 | Haliplidae, Characters of . . 70 Preservation of collections Hibernation of C...... 108 against insect enemies. . . 443 | Hlololeptu beyeri* ...... 302 Santa Clara Valley Entom. 7 spp. . 301, 302, 303 . Chee a... $04, 260, 265 | IdehoyvG of 3. 174 Shade tree-insect problems . 406 | Illinois, C. of . . . . 60, 108, 269 Southern California Entom. Club 61 | Jnopeplus. . .. 2... . 251 St. Lawrence and Saguenay Labrador, Cy of) 0g ys 72 Languria mozardi ovipositing. 366 iv INDEX. TAPOLOMNS SOS OP eR 176 TOOPLOLA PO © oie st RR Sieg 251 Leptusa caseyi®*. 2... 4. . 61 Louisiana, C. of > 56 20s °-361; 385 MatitOba. C7 OL Sen: 457 Mexico, C. of . 32, 233, 234, 303, 366 DEF OWES Oe oie ion eas 176 MissOUnInG: Of siriis oo kale 88 Mounting smallC. ..... 71 Mycetina idahoensis* . . ... 174 Rr SS oe Ceca «Be 174 New Jersey, C. of, 63, 266, 320, 408, 409, 410. New Mexico, C.of...... 458 Nomius pygmaeus ..... 367 MR OR Tee te ee ae en 269 CPRGIOR ES EBD. SO 305 Oxypodadubia® ©... 2. ss 61 Pennsylvania, C. of . 266, 267, 410, 454. Pepper-weevile be: 366 WP OMAEUS De eS alta i 68, 216 PRENZOIES 32. eT RROUNS 318 POMSIOHs Oeyare ope Ne 7 cuiemee, Cri SP ate 258 Rhynchophora 356, 366, 379 Saskatchewan, C.of. .... 457 SVIMAUS Nea so Meee ees 176 Strawflowers, C.on..... 63 Synonymy in Aleocharinae . 60 Texas, C. of . 301, 356-363, 380-385 ia he Gl ORs CRS ero, 175 West: Virginial C, Of). 2% 60 PMP OOBT UU 3s PS 385 UR ODOIES oi oe et dime ks Te 382 i xanthoxyli* . . . 383 Begovarades” eS a 384 2 schwarzi* 384 DIPTERA. Apiochaeta braunsi®*. . . . . 391 California, D. of, 134, 136, 242, 263, 291, 386. Cape Colony, D. of .... 5 =). 392 Cecidomyia acarivora*.. . . 242 CHOSE. SPP; 52 ak te Ciironomidae ...3 2 sack. 400 Chrysogaster spp. ..... 238 CRrysops hinet® os oe 143 Nt DF OMIME O50 he 142 . spp. . 139 216, 268 Columbia, District of, D. of . . 450 Colorado, D. of, 135, 239, 240, 241, 400. Culicidae, Classification of . . 151 Lristais sppe si. 02 Aw Sig ee Florida, D::o8, 72 ae 268 Flebotomus cruciatus®* . . . . 102 ee vexator* 102, 177 Guatemala, Do of: 2 fale 102 Idaho, D. of . . 135, 238, 240, 241 Kansas, D. of)... cys 239 Lipoptena subulata*.... . 290 Maryland, D.of 4) 2 aya 102 Melanostoma sp. 240 Melophagus ovinus, Vitality of. 208 ae oa eae DACLAG SINUS 3. oe ie ge ee 292 ie pseudopterus* . . 292 Montana, 1): of ee s5 ees 135 Mosquito extermination. . . 263 New Hampshire, D. of . . . 291 New Jersey, D. of, 68, 139, 216, 320, 408, 41i, 455. : New VY ork, DOF. 03 nee 400 Paraguay, D. of... ea a 292 Pennsylvania, D. of, 216, 288, 408, 410, 455. FUGI20 SPD... a OG. es 238-9 Plastophora + le) eee Protenthes® io Ss Senne 400 PSCUBRETEOR 6055 BRE 430 Psychoda schizura ..... 386 Pupipara of N. America 103, 208, 290. Scale-vestiture of Culicidae . 151 DOPMUS EDD. Maa ke 133, 136 ‘erage... 133, 136 South Dakota, D. of . 135, 239, 240 apeegiie spp... 241 Subapterous 77pu/a.... . 15 mecemcec: ..:. 4. ae 288 meres, D. Of...) ahaa 360, 362 —— INDEX. v EEE 8) ls ee 450 Vitality of sheep tick . . . . 208 re 241 Washington, D.of ..... 240 Wyoming, D.of ...... 135 MI se 241 HEMIPTERA. a ae 49 BI ie os ae es 8 51 Alabama, H. of. . . 124, 125, 187 Aleyrodes coryli* ...... 337 “ morrili® ..... 340 ot picident™ we... 339 Aphids and Coccinellids. . . 171 Aphids, Dimorphs of . 431 _ Aphids, Food plants of . . . 171 Belostoma attacking bird. . . 452 Benacus,Eggsof...... 113 British Guiana, Reduviidae 6f 50 Chaitophorus negundinis.. . 431 Ceemewaaviss® 2... 6 a. 127 eg ae 127 ok Sg areas 124 PTS cs at 125 SPP. . 67, 68,72, 116 i ge a to 49 OS SS: 431 Columbia, District of, H. of . 126 Connecticut, H.of ..... 337 ES 247 “ s bridwelli* . . . 248 Diaditus pilosicornis*. . .. 50 Plasmotethus.... 2... 49 ee 49° Florida, H. of . » 125, 126, 128 Illinois, H. of... ... 114, 127 Indiana, ea ep nae 125 ar 126 Kentucky, H.of ...... 124 Lachnus platanicola. ... . 187 Massachusetts, H.of . . . . 127 Michigan, H.ohc... . 127 Mississippi, H. of... .., . 124 New Hampshire, H. of . 250, 340 New Jersey, H. of, 32, 67, 109, 116, 124, 125, 127, 128. New York, H. of, 72, 124, 125, 128, 129. North America, Acanthosoma- tina Oh iis areas 48 North Carolina, H. of . . 127, 433 Nova Scotia. BM. of. 3: 5). 126 Pennsylvania, H. of. . 68, 109 Periodical Cicada . . . 67, 72, 108 Ouenee, PeoO8 ii. ce tas 126 TROROCUPIS 5s ie eee ahs 51 yf SRR ga a 129 B35 Pia) o Gas Gelge Puanemler yey aoe Peay 128 waren, Hy) Ober. ls 425 WeistOngitwitn eit cs aya et 126 HYMENOPTERA, Africa, Bees of West... . 447 Andrena, Keyto .. . . 280, 365 ~ spp.* . 280, 283, 284, 285, 286, 455. Anthophora spp. and var.* . 395-7 Poasttatias Heeb Se 46 Bee cells, Beetlesfrom.. . . 446 Bombus spp. ... . 91, 93, 196-9 i nigrodorsalis* .. . go Caimormnm, t1..08 50" 187, 446 Colorado, Hof. ec. 397 Comperiella bifasciata. . . . 237 Connecticut, H. of . 280, 365, 395 Crocisa beatissima*.. . . . 46 Encarsialuteola ...... 339 eoreia Hoy ie 6, 89, 107 EHOMPRAGUS eT SS 377 wy texanus* . . 377, 446 Louisiana, Hiof |). 10... 361 LPPMOEE Bc et 458 Macropis clypeata*®* ..... 293 Maine, Bees of .°.'.°... |. 195 Massachusetts, H. of 395 MentGne Gr. gI, 92 Nebraska, Bees of . . 51,178, 293 New Jersey, H. of, 63, 265, 268, 394, 409. New Mexico, Bees of . . . . 395 vi INDEX. New York, Hv0t (sk ad 412 Nomada ruidosensis . 398 Panurginus spp.*.. . 179-185 Parasitic H. . 63, 89, 107, 237, 339, 356-363, 375, 384, 385; 448, 458. _ Parasitic H., Development of 9 Perdita spp.* . . 51-4, 57-8, 393-4 Per, Fe Ol ans ae ee 93 Podagrion mantis. .... 89, 107 Priophorus acericaulis, Para- SIPS OR Oo tsa ee ee tae 63 ERRITRS SPDs oS ee eee 199 Spinoliella helianthi* .... 178 os hesperia* 186 Sympiesis quercicola .... 63 Texas, H. of, 356-363, 378, 384, 385 TPILONE SD. Se es ae 448 VECPOCROUE oss 298 4 spp.*..... . -20gesa8 Virginia, H. of 3-3. eae 300 Xylocopa californica arizo- WERSES EAE eee ae 395 LEPIDOPTERA. Albertgg ols O8)7 'So,0 wate gee 327 Anosia plexippus migrating . 402 . Anthocharis olympia .... 73 Apantesis figurata ..... 314 Argynnis nitocris nigrocoe- TUE re Pht eae Deal 318 Arizona, L. of, 29, 32, 68, 200, 205, 252, 264, 345. Battle, Butterfliesin. ... . 161 Brown-tail moth . . 406, 407 California, L. of, 70, 150, 300, 310, 311, 378, 40r. Cecropia cocoon, Insects living IN 9. g 8S 00 See eae 365, 408 Cnidocampa flavescens 321 Cocoon of Chelepleryx ... 71 Coltas Sppp 2a Gate meee ae 259 Colorado, Lei ears eeiaa 48, 327 Connecticut, . oF ccs acne Crambus daeckellus* .... 44 “ placidellus* 44 Cymatophora festa 148, 205 ty sulphurea.. .. 17 Delayed emergence from pupa 257 Depressaria flavicomella* . . 276 Distilled water for larvae 373 Elaschista albicapitella* . . 277 USMCIAMAA Sg oS) ce 310 Eosin stain for wings 215 EEF OOS CONDE. saa ig 453 FruphenoRas 5. ea Per sean: 3,4": si skinnerata* . . . 252 LEupithecia spp.* 342-350 Exyra vidingsti.. .. . Pc! ATS ‘6 “semicrocéa ia 416 Florida, L. of » ae _. 48, 389 Geometrids, Notes on 146, 204, 252, 451. Georgia, L, of oe ee 48 Giaea: sericea. ae ee 19 Gonodontissp. ....... 451 Gracilaria pennsylvaniella* . 278 Gypsy moth’. 406, 407 Hlaematopsis grataria annet- tearia® .°. 3. ) 45 Hybrid L.. ...... {eee 265 Hydriomena spp. . . 146, 147, 204 Illinois, L. of . . . . 48, 132, 398 Incisalia ' henricit, Cook: In defense of «.‘)'. La 333. Indiana, L. of. . flee 74 lowa, Ly ‘of .:134¢ Dope es 48 Leucania unipuncta..... 454 Louisiana, L. of - Se Sa 132 Lycaena emigdionis. .... 300 Lycaenid caterpillars, Myrme- bogey eo See 328 Lygranthoecia mortua 358, 361 PRLEFIESDD. Oo a ae 149 Manitoba, L. of. '.. 2°. Ss 48 Massachusetts, L. of, 17, 19, 321, 347. Massala obvertens...... 251 Melalopha ornata. .... . 200 Mesoleuca hulstata*. . . . . 31r Mexico, L. of). ) ae 165, 235 Migrating L. <3 .. [eee 402 ———S INDEX. vii ee, Rent 6 Pa 48 ouri, L. of, 27, 88, 132, 306, _ Morphothoosa....... 165 Myriads of L. at St. Louis. . 27 Nacophoraminima ..... I5I New Hampshire, L. of. 132,279, 327 ‘New Jersey, L. of . 31, 44, 45, 48, 82, 111, 132, 217, 264, 327, 373, 458. New Mexico, L. of . . . . 48,318 a ES rs 373 North Carolina, L. of . 48, 94, 132, 350, 415. meeemcoda,L.of . ts: 327 Offspring, Variable ..... 314 Ohio, L. of. . . . 45, 48, 132, 402 - Ontario, L. of . . 48, 425 ME 259 Packard’s geometrid types . . 451 MG 306 Pennsylvania, L. of, 32, 44, 48, 68, 132, 206, 250, 276, 277, 278, 279, 455. 454. Flagodisspp.* ..... 206, 207 Plodia interpunctella, New food Pee pee Al... haf 451 Polygonia chrysoptera. . . . 401 Preparing L. for the cabinet . 308 Protambulix carteri. .... 389 Quebec, L. of . . 29, 258, 265, 425 Rare butterflies... ... 22, 107 Rhode Island, L. of . . 48, 132 Samia spp., Food plants and CER Sanpete cr oon 214 _ Stiagraphia decorata* .. . 253 | Selidosema correllatum . 149, 205 * pallescens* ... 150 EBT niins id Suckal> ¢ 398 Sibine stimulea.-. . . . vu as Somatolophia wenbripennis. 147, 205 South Carolina, L. of . 364, 413, 416 Synallagma™ ). 4 klk. 277 " buschiella* . . . 278 Synchloe olympia... .. . 73 Syntomeida befana Thecla calanus. . . . 47, 266, 420 ‘© damon patersonia* . 82, 364 ‘* edwardsi . . . 47, 266, 420 *¢ 1 ROMP CE Ss §5i 1205 333 oO SOR aT oe ere 45, 129 {SF LAORE a ler eo a aise 378 SPOS SS g's Sr es 327 Tennessée, L.of .. .... 48 Texas, L. of . 48, 132, 257, 358, 361 Tinagma crenulellum* . . . 279 TRGR) Be Oe. o> Oe a 253 Wie Su OB) a Di Se gy: 364 Wreecousm, Lo of. ees 453 NEUROPTERA. Arizona, N. of . . 100, 266, 275 Atropid, Anew. ....... 189 Boyeria grafiana* ..... I Caents latipennis*. ..... 14 Chrysopa, Oviposition of . 316, 365 Colotado: NGb 3314: 6, 399 Columbia, District of, N. of . 393 Costa Rica, Odonata of . . . 455 Dilaramericana ...... 450 Glenurus snowit*...... 100 Gomphus sordidus swallowed OY Wipe a? Sr be aie es 455 Indiana, Odonata of. .... 4 Kentucky, Odonataof. ... 4 Libellula comanche* . . . 201, 456 oe SNES Wratten rine 3A 201 Lipeurus docephoroides . . . 399 Maine, Odonata of Mexico, Odonata of, 30, 201, 231, 266. New Jersey, N. of . . . 31, 393, 456 New York, N. of 23°... ... 4, 393 CENTER gs ai es 189 ’ gravinympha* . 189 Ohio, Odonataof...... 4 Ontario, Odonata of. .... 4 Pareataachsis®... 6k. 275 Pennsylvania, N. of. 4, 32, 193, 268, 455. Perlidae, Assistance wanted on 162 Vili INDEX. Somatochlora charadraea* . 5 | Biederman,C.R....... 7 Termes flwibes 2 2 S90) q:pimipdell, Fi Bi 8 oc. Fate 261 SE OR CA PREOM SRS Se oo aon Voeck. GoW, 3... eee 443 Ululodes arizonensis* . . 275 | Bradley, J.C. . . 162, 257, 373, 453 Venation, Geographical varia- Se CA e em 431 NOHIR Oe, eee 32 | Brehme, H. H.. 3... . 82, 308 Virginia, N. of . his aca 393, 450} moeew S18. 94, 433 Washington, N. of ..... Sh oO Be i ake 337 , pov iv ay Clste’ (babies sae aly ga 390, 430 ORTHOPTERA. Buchhotentgs oS) oes 265 Bradynotes excelsa* 352 | Bueno, J. R. de la Torre . .110, 433 British Honduras, O. of . . . 229 California, O. of . 31, 350, 352, 353 Ceuthophilus tuckeri® . . 445 Cae ASR Gey oe ees 166 Cyphoderris piperi ..... 336 Dathinia phrixcnemoides*. . 11 Dectinae of North America . 404 Egg-capsule of roach covered with paper 3... 455 Pionda, O Obs) Gee 268 Georgia; O.'of (3. eee. 89 Fiippiscus sieve”. 350 Kansas,O, Of 5 0so ph, 5055. 445 New Jersey, O. of 222.5025". 457 New Mexico, O..of 2°... i; 13 Oedaleonotus truncatus*. . . 353 Pennsylvania, O. of . . 32, 267, 410, 456. Phoebolampta cubensis* . . . 166 ERIPHHEUIR Ce PPE EI, 21 Sermyle phalangiphora*. . . 229 Stagmomantis carolina . . 89, 107 Tenodera sinensis : ay 205 (ORAR OR eres 209 THES nia tic cee pee a 21 VentriloquisticO.. ... Aes 3 Ook Wasp-like katydid ..... 268 AUTHORS. Akerlind, :G. A o.78) 0807 57, CBs Aldrich; J..M i 0.5 2.24 103, 133 Halter os ae 157, 402 Bales: WR rs er eae 402 Banks, N. 13, 100, 275, 392, 425, 450 Bereroth, ‘Be 4) i Seas as 48 Calvert, P. P. . .-201, 231, 403 and Index. Carpenter, 'S. C. 2 ie 155 Caudell, A. Ni o: 0). 2m FE ose Champion, G..C. i>. Sig - 33, 366 Clarke, W.. Tis: . 3 Sees 187 Cockerell, T. D. A. 46, 51, 162. 178, 200, 251, 256, 395, 399, 448. Cockle, Jo Wy. coo eae 215 Comstock, J. He. . = =e 453 Coolidge, C.-Ru 2: [ee 300 Coquillett, D. W. . . 101, 177, 290 Crosby, C. Ro 32 a ee 161 Crowell, N. HH. .. 3-338 110 Daecke, Ey. 35..s ae 139 Davis, JoJo. 3 ss ee 269 Davidson, A.C. 3 Se 446 Dickerson, EB. Jo.) S943 63, 64 Doane, R. W233) .aee 15, 136 Dyar, H. G4"... 204 Fogel Th. joe eee 251, 276 Engelhardt, G. P. . 69, 70, 71, 72, 259, 408, 412, 457. Bal oG. od a ee 174 BOM, BPs Gite aoe 242 POUVRR) The ei a sa Re 61 STs Mee « ie WORRIES Rae gene 321 Pronto. 17, 90, 247 Peuaway, 0); 1.) 2. osc ee 386 Girault, A. A.. . 89, 107, 316, 367 Grinnell, F., Jr. . 366, 401 Grossbeck, J. A. 112, 116, 146, 252, 265, 342, 368, 373. Haimbach, F. . 44, 68, 69, 111, 215, 217, 320, 409, 410, 411,458. 288 ii 61 eoneand, WJ... .. 367, 454 meepopes, A. .-) 109 Howard, L. O.. . - 237, 375, 446 3 Johannsen,O.A....... 401 “a EL 17! ; ae 413 ee 238 Mu, sk 62 te 426 MS eal 8 151 ES RS ea ee 319 Se, ee 401 he... ae 452 SN FS ae es 398 cians. . eS 195 gaymen,H.H. ..... 108, 420 ES Mc ek 452 Sumeee, Hf , 312 ST 108 oan, G.. . 113, 162 ae 168 re 206 a 356, 379 Rehn, J. A.G. . 21, 166, 209, 229, 350, 405, 445 ey, WEE bg, Sees 9 Me he We ce 314 INDEX. ix Rowley mee). ew 306 ScheeGR ae a he. se 301 Schwa abs 5 ek sss 312 Shertige Wace as ss 94 Shull, Go Arse ee oes 5 0 73 Skinner, H. . 22, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 45, 47, 59, 129, 160, 213, 254, 266, 267, 268, 317, 318, 327, 333, 364, 378, 399, 449, 456, 457- Ser 5: Pes 28k es Ge 116 Smyth, E. A., Jr. . 165, 364 ME ARS. es Se, 365 SHOP oo. as sz Parca oe ais 103 eres 8, 1, Fr oe 451 een Me We ee 62 8S. ear 321 Swenk, M. H 51, 178, 293 Swett, Pewee 3s ss. 451 EO Ses ee Bk 310 MRM Rowse Goes ee Soacy, eas 63 Withwever, H. . gos ke 328 Viereck, H. L. . . . 280, 365, 393 Wretet es ee 189 Wellman, FC... 5 on aes 447 Williamson, E.B.... .. I moe We Ge ere eS 389 Woodworth,C. W. ..... 243 Wright,J.D.E.. . . 164, 263, 264 moat iy G3 Sans _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, VoL. XVIII. JANUARY, 1907. No. 1. CONTENTS: Williamson—Two new North American Franklin—Notes on certain Cranberry- Dragonflies (Odonata)............+. I DGGE Soi ss Vou ia ce dus Saat ey 17 Biederman—Notes on Plusiotis beyeri Rehn—On Phrynotettrix magellanicus eS See ee eee 7 Bruner and Tristira bergi Brunner = Some recent work on the devel- (COTA so 5 cece ees va cnteakors 21 “aera ae enererons Parasites 9 | Skinner—Rare Butterflies ............. 22 Caud alge eet of the Orthop- Faitestal ns. eres eaves ue. 2 weidb aeeeates 25 as genus Daihinia ............- 1r | Entomological Literature ............-. 26 a _ Banks—A new Mayfly of genus Cenis.. 13 | Notes and News. .........--...-+..---- 26 wie Doane—Notes on the Subapterous fe- Doings Of Societies .: 2... 5...2csuyesnss 28 a male of Tipula simplex Sires aha s 15 Two new North American Dragonflies (Odonata). By E. B. WILLIAMSON. Boyeria grafiana n. sp. Abdomen ¢, 48-51; 9, 4614-472 mm. Hind wing d, 40-43; 2, 43 mm. Specific characters: Body colors, especially the thorax, generally black and grav with little trace of the fulvous which characterizes B. vinosa. The dark brown basal wing spots of vinosa reduced to a trace, and the wing membrane clear hyaline (excepting more or less _ fumose beyond the stigma) as contrasted with the decided fulvous of _ vinosa; venation less complex than in vinosa. Stigma paler than in _ vimosa and .5 mm. shorter. A decidedly more robust species than _ Vinosa; four dried males of grafiana weighed 12 grains, and four of _ vinosa weighed 9% grains. _¢—Abdominal appendages variable but similar to those of vinosa, generally more robust (two males of grafiana and vinosa from Ohio Pyle, Penna., Sept. 23, 1906, have the superior appendages respectively 4% and 5% mm. long) with the sub-basal inferior tooth less developed, _ and the inferior appendage dark colored and not yellow as in vinosa. Abdominal segments 9 and 1o similar in general color, greenish blue, while in vinosa segment Io is fulvous and 8 and 9 are decidedly more brown than Io. ?.—Abdominal appendages very short, about the length of segment 10; in vinosa the appendages are at least 114 times the length of 10. 1 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 Color comparison of males based on two of each species collected by J. L. Graf at Ohio Pyle Penna., Sept. 23, 1906. B. vinosa. Face green obscured’ with brownish, Dorsal thoracic stripes narrow, each divided for a short distance. Mesepimeron and metepimeron each with an inferior rounded yellow spot. Mesepimeron and _ metepister- num each with a small bluish spot at base of wings. Metepimeron uniform brown with exception of yellow spot mentioned above. Wing bases above and between the wings with few inconspicuous blue spots. Abdominal segment 2 from above with small median basal spot, and a transverse apical spot which is interrupted at the nie- dian line. Segments 3-5 each with a very small apical spot on either side of the median line. Segments 3-8 each with a very small obscure pale spot at the transverse carina, each spot di- vided by the dorsal median longi- tudinal carina. Apical half of 8 and all of 9 and to obscure brownish yellow, each with a dorsal median brown area; 10 decidedly more yellow than 8 and 9g. Seen from the side segments 4-8 each with a very small ob- scure yellowish spot below, the - transverse carina dividing each spot more or less completely into two spots. Superior appendages dark brown, inferior yellow, extreme apex dark. Width of head, 9 mm. B. grafana. Clear green. Wider, continuous but nar- rowed where the separation occurs in vinosa. Each with a rounded blue spot, the spot on the metepimeron showing traces of yellow. Spots larger and more distinct- ly blue. With a large distinct blue spot at wing base. With distinct and more numer- ous clear blue spots. Similar and also with a spot at the median transverse carina similar to the apical spot. Spots clearer and: more sharply contrasted with the surrounding color. ; Spots clear blue, sharply de- fined. : 8 brownish with a wide black median longitudinal stripe back of the transverse carina; 9 and 10 pale greenish blue, but lit- tle if any obscured and with black markings more distinct and defi- nite than the brown markings in vinosa. Spots large, clear blue, the color following up the transverse carina to the dorsal spots. Both superiors and inferior dark brown. 10 mm. 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[Jan., ’07 Material studied—With the exception of two males of vinosa and one male of grafiana, all from Old Forge, N. Y., in the collection of Professor Needham, this material is in my collection. Fifty-two males and seven females of vinosa, and fourteen males and two females of grafiana have been studied. | B. vinosa.—Little Jelloway, Knox County, Ohio. August 18, 1905, 6, J B. Parker. Winona Lake, Indiana, 1901, ¢, E. B. Williamson. Muncie, Indiana, July 11, 1903, taken in window in a store, 3, E. B. Williamson, Russell Stream, N. E. Carry, Maine, August 28, 1899, 8 dd, F. L. Harvey. Millinocket, Maine, Stone Dam, September 4, 1903, 2, indicated as taken in copulation with a ¢ shna sp. Old Forge, New York, August 22, 1905, 2 dd, J. G. Needham. Ohio Pyle, Penna. All collected by J. L. Graf. September 8, 1901, 3 dd; September. 10, 1905, 8 do, 4 92; October 1, -1905,, 2 dd; September 23, 1906, 2 dd, 1 &. Heyden, Ontario, Canada. Collected. by E. B. Williamson. July 31, 1906, 9; August 2, 1906, 5 dd; August 3, 1903, d.* Searchmont, Ontario, Canada. Collected by E. B. Williamson. August 6, 1906, 7 do; August 7, 1906, 3 dé; August 8, 1906. 6 od; August 9, 1906, 2 dd. B. grafiana.—Cave Branch, Ky., August 28, 1808, 3, J; S. Hine. Old Forge, New York, August 22, 1905, ¢, J G. Needham. Ohio Pyle, Penna. Collected by J. L. Graf. September Io, 1905, 3; September 24, 1905, 5; October 1, 1905, 5; September 23, 1906, 2 dd. Heyden, Ontario, Canada. Collected by E. B. Williamson. August 2, 1906, & Searchmont, Ontario, Canada. Collected by E. B. Williamson. August 6, 1906, 2 dd; August 8, 1906, 3 dd; tenet 9, 1906, GO, # Se. This species is very properly named for J. L. Graf, a devoted and careful, though withal, silent student of nature, who ‘first detected a difference in the Boyerias at Ohio Pyle. In the autumn of 1905, among a box of specimens he sent me, he indicated on the envelope of a Boyeria, “colors pe- culiar.” In reply to my inquiry, under date of October 4, *Hawking after sunset. an., '07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5 ' 1905, he wrote, “The variety of B. vinosa you mention is not uncommon at Ohio Pyle. I have succeeded in taking three specimens, though I saw a number of others. Their difference _ from typical vinosa is apparent at a glance, even while they are on the wing, their pale blue markings in marked contrast to the almost uniform brown appearance of typical vinosa. In manner of flight I could detect no difference in the two varie- ties. They both prefer the ripples along the river where there are many stones, and their flight is usually just along the water’s edge and but a few inches above the rocks. I observed females of typical vinosa ovipositing while at rest on rocks in the damp algz just above the water.” In Canada I was able to distinguish the two species readily on the wing by the color of the apical abdominal segments. As above indicated, I am indebted to Professor Needham _ for three specimens studied. In his laboratory we examined — together some of my material, and he regards grafiana as dis- tinct from vinosa. Dr. Calvert has sent me notes on venational characters of specimens of the genus in Philadelphia. And on October 11, 1905, Professor Hine wrote me, “There is in the collection here (O. S. U., Columbus, Ohio,) one specimen taken at Orwell, Ashtabula County, Ohio, September, 1894, by E. E. Bogue, and labelled vinosa, by Dr. Kellicott. This dragonfly has the characters you mention of the new species.” Somatochlora charadrea n. sp. (charadrzus Gr., from a mountain torrent). Abdomen, # 35; hind wing 35 mm. (S. linearis, abdomen 45, hind wing 43). Labium pale yellow; labrum dark yellow, edged with brown; clypeus brown; frons dark yellow, for nearly its entire width above and for a short distance in front, metallic blue; vertex black, the apex yellow; occiput dull yellow; rear of eyes black. Thorax brown, metallic reflections most evident below on the mese- pimeron and metepimeron, each of which has a bright yellow stripe, on the first of nearly uniform width and nearly the length of the sclerite, on the second widened and shortened to form an inferior . rounded spot; middorsal carina and interalar sclerites yellow. Costa pale yellow to its termination, and antenodals and nodus largely of the same color; stigma black; all four triangles once crossed;* seven *Needham, Aquatic Insects in the Adirondacks, N. Y. State Museum, Bulletin 47, 1901, p. 484, in the Key to N. A. genera of Corduline (s. str.) erroneously places Somatochlora under his section “ce Tri- angle of hind wing without cross vein, open.” Normally Somatochlora has this bat once crossed. Of 40 hind wings of Somatochlora elongata which I studied, the triangle in two left wings was not crossed, 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 antenodals in front wings and five in hind wings; seven postnodals in front wings and eight and nine in hind wings. Legs black, femora of first and second pair, especially the first pair and especially on the inner surface and basally, with light brown. pee Figs. 1 and 2.—Appendages of Somatoch- Figs. 3 and 4.—Appendages of Somatoch- lora charadr@a, Bear Creek, Canon, lora linearis, Lake Forest, Illinois, Jefferson Co., Colorado, July 31, 1898, June 27, 1904. o, collection J. G. E. J. Oslar, collector. Type @, col- Needham. . lection E. B. Williamson. Second abdominal segment with a basal, lateral, inferior and a sub- apical, lateral, superior spot yellow; genital lobe long, yellow, margined with brown; 3 with a basal, lateral, superior and a basal, lateral, inferior spot yellow, these spots not so sharply defined as the mark- ings on 2; remainder of abdomen, including the appendages, black. Described from a single ¢ in my collection, collected by Ernest J. Oslar, Bear Creek Canon, Jefferson Co., Colorado, July 31, 1808. | So far as form of appendages go, this species finds its closest ally in S. linearts.. No other species known to me ap- - proaches these two species in this type of appendage. S. nasalis is known to me only by DeSely’s description of the female, but it certainly cannot be associated with charadraea. In ad- dition to differences indicated in the figures of appendages, charadraea is separated from linearis by a number of charac- Jan., °07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7 ters, including size, reduction in number of antenodals and coloration. My type has been examined by both Dr. Calvert and Professor Needham. In the figures of appendages of charadraea it should be noticed that the apex of the abdomen has been flattened, so, in profile, segments 9 and 10 appear too wide, and in dorsal view, the apex of 10 is com- pressed and the superior appendages are crowded together. Under date of November 14, 1906, Mr. Oslar writes con- cerning the single specimen: _ “T took it at an altitude of about 8000 feet, July 31, 1808, in Bear Creek Canon, Jefferson County, Colorado. At the place I took it there were two, but, on account of its wariness and the almost inaccessible character of its haunts (on willows overhanging the swift and breakneck dashing Bear Creek), I was unable to secure the other specimen. The one captured was taken with difficulty, as it kept just out of reach of the net. It appeared a weak flier, however, and my opportunity came when an unusually strong gust of wind blew it towards me. I have never seen the like of it since, though I have visited the spot a number of seasons. I have always suspected that it might be new.” aitin: > Notes on Plusiotis beyeri Skinner. By C. R. BrepeRMAN, Palmerlee, Arizona. Most of the letters I get ordering P. beyeri, contain’ ques- tions about the insect, some complain of the high price, stating that it is reported this species is all over this part of the coun- try and is plentiful. The latter statement is only partially correct, since it is not found above 6,500 or below 4,500 feet. Within that space I have found it for many miles along the Huachuca range. I have known P. beyeri since 1904. That season I found two specimens; next year, 1905, four; this season, 1906, I made a special study of this large and handsome Plusiotis, and from my experience I may safely con- clude the following: That while there are a good many of these beetles within the space mentioned, I have utterly failed 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 to establish a rule whereby to locate a single one. There is no time of day it is not on deck; the noise of his wings in the night can be heard twenty feet away, whereas his flight in daytime is almost without sound. The length of his life is about three months, commencing on the 6th of July, when I found the first one while raking away leaves-for a garden- bed. I concluded that this time of year they might be hidden under leaves, and so I started to rake leaves. I think I worked about ten hours, raked over a half acre of ground and never found another ; this did not cure me, however, for at odd times I tried it again, and may have raked over in all about two acres without getting another, although I found some other good things, among them a litter of skunks under a log. The next find I made was a fine female, sitting at the foot of a large oak. This gave me the idea to examine all the old oaks for a mile either way along the Canon, but no sign of beyert; the fact is, I found only three on the bark of trees; one, six feet up, the other twenty feet. I also found them in the road or trail, several crushed by animals, but all wide apart, as to both space and time. I found them copulating on the high branches of young and old oak; this set me to look at trees for miles and for days without result, except disgust. For several days I did not look for them, but collected other ma- terial, yet the habit once formed for looking for certain things persists so strongly that I could not keep from watching the tree tops. Although I was not thinking of Phisiotis beyeri, my eye caught the forms of two hugged close among the leaves. Before I had made up my mind how to take them, I saw two more higher up, and I felt like an Apache roasting a lot of sheep guts on a bed of hot coals. Thinking this the right time to hunt him good and hard, I looked for a week and did not get one. Later I found one here, one there; hanging to the dead stalk of a columbine, on the top of a bare precipice, in a prospect hole, an old well in a privy, a blacksmith shop, and one day in an old shoe. This is the way of beyeri, he is everywhere and nowhere in particular. When he walks on the ground he reels like a drunkard, and when he rolls over on 5 Jan.,e7}——— _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9 - o get on his feet. So far as I can find out, he has no likes or dislikes to make 1 an easy capture, there is no particular place he prefers to , he don’t belong to any club, he don’t play golf or other _ games. Clubbing a tree for him won’t do much good, as he grits his teeth and stays there, nine times out of ten. I con- le that he will not be exterminated by collectors, and be- all the latter are supplied with a good series, some method propagation must be invented. "Some recent work on the development of Hymenop- terous Parasites, By Dr. Wm. A. RILEy. In the Entomotocicat News for September, 1905, I called . Stuthention to the discovery, by Marchal, of a new type of de- velopment, occurring in certain parasitic Hymenoptera. In _ studying the development of A geniaspis fusicollis and of Poly- _ gnotus minutus, Marchal* found that a single egg, in the morula stage, would spontaneously break up and give rise to many distinct individuals. I referred to the observations of _ Pergande and of Giard, who found nearly three thousand individuals of Litomastix truncatellus in a single 3a of : Plusia gamma, and to Giard’s prediction that here, too, would be found a case of polyembryony. There has come to hand a paper by Filippo Silvestrit who __ has studied the life history of this parasite and brought to light __- many interesting and striking facts. _ *Marchal, P. 1904. Recherches sur la biologie et la développement des Hyménopteres parasites. 1. La polyembryonie spécifique ou ger- minogonie. Arch. zool. exp. (4) ii, pp-257-335, pls. ix-xiii. eh FSilvestri, F. 1906.. Contribuzione alla conoscenza biologica degli - imenotteri parassiti. 1. Biologia del Litomastix truncatellus. From Ann. Scuol. Agric. Portici., vi. 51 pp-, 5 pl. and 13 text figs. This paper is a second preliminary note. The first, which summarizes the es- sential features of Silvestri’s work, but is not illustrated, appeared Nov. ‘10, 1905, in the Rendic. R. Acad. Lincei. ser. 5, vol. xiv. pp. 534-542. 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 Litomastix truncatellus oviposits in the egg of various spe- - cies of Plusia. The eggs of the parasite, which may be fer- tilized or parthenogenetic, are deposited singly, but occasionally the same female returns and deposits a second egg within that of the host. Several females may select the same egg, . but this probably occurs rarely under natural conditions. The course of development of the fertilized and the parthenogenetic eggs is the same but, as in the bees, the fertile egg gives rise to females, while the unfertilized egg produces only males. Silvestri found in the maturation and early segmentation stages of the egg, features of great interest from an embryo- logical viewpoint, but too technical for discussion here. It may be mentioned in passing, that the polar nuclei and their protoplasm do not degenerate but, later, form an envelope which surrounds the germinal region. In the development of the egg there occurs a process of poly- embryony which, however, differs in detail from that re- ported by Marchal for Encyrtus and Polygnotus. One of the most striking features is that there are developed two very different types of larve. From a single egg there originate about a thousand normal larve of the form typical of endo- parasitic hymenopterous larvee. In addition to these, there are produced one hundred or more vermiform asexual larve. These lack any trace of circulatory, respiratory or genital sys- tems, or of malpighian tubes. They are provided with strong- ly-developed mouth parts. The sexual larve transform into pupe when the host larva has completed its growth, and later, into adults. The asexual larvee, on the other hand, degenerate completely, never giving rise to adults. At first thought it might seem that these asexual larve are abortive forms, without special function. Considering, how- ever, the development of their mandibles, and of the skeletal, muscular, and digestive systems, it appears to Silvestri natural to believe that, being able to penetrate readily the organs of the body of the host-larva and having mandibles especially adapted for tearing, they have the function of breaking down ne — ——— Jan., ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Il the larval organs of Plusia in its last days and thus preparing them to serve as nutriment for the sexual forms. If this be true, we have in Litomastix a larval dimorphism comparable _to the polymorphism of social insects. The parasitic life, the __ factor which has acted to push back to the very egg stage the ___ multiplication of the species, has served to bring about the socious development of caste. A new species of the Orthopterous genus Daihinia. By A. N. Caupeti, Washington, D. C. Daihinia phrixocnemoides n sp. Female—Resembles very closely members of the genus Phrixocnemis, but the three segmented first and third tarsi preclude its being placed in that genus. Head moderately large and broad; occiput rounded, front broadly convex; eyes small, not prominent; palpi with the terminal segment about equal in length to the previous one and concave beneath on the apical third and somewhat swollen. Pronotum rounded above, about as long as broad; lateral lobes very broadly rounded below, descending about the same distance as the descending lobes of the meso- and metanotum. Abdomen rounded above; ovipositor long and moderately slender, three-fourths as long as the third femora and curved gently upwards, the lower valves armed apically with five large recurved teeth, four ventral and one terminal. Legs stout; first and intermediate femora armed below on the inner, or front, margin with a small pregenicular spine; third femora unarmed, one- third as broad as long, nearly. straight below, above strongly arched, only the apical sixth subparallel: first tibiz stout and apically swollen, convex outwardly, concave inwardly, armed above with one stout, blunt, down-curved calcarium, and below, on the outer side, armed with four stout, blunt calcaria and on the inner side with four sharp spines, the terminal one very long and with a ‘minute spinule just above it; middle tibie not swollen, armed on the rounded lower side with two rows of very fine spines, three spines on each side; besides these spines there are two long terminal spurs on each side, one above and one below; third tibie rounded below and sulcate above, considerably deeper and some broader at the middle, below armed on the outer side a_ short distance from the apex with a single very minute inconspicuous spine and at the apex with a pair of short, stout, black-tipped calcaria; above armed on the outer margin on the basal two-thirds with a num- 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 ber of fine teeth and on the apical two-thirds with nine long calcaria, whitish basally, black apically, the two basal ones and the apical one shorter, being about one-half as long as the broadest depth of the tibia, the other six very long, the longest being fully as long as the greatest tibial depth; on the inner side the third tibize are armed on a little less than the basal two-thirds of the undulating margin with a number of. short black-tipped teeth, similar to those of the outer margin, and armed with nine long heavy calcaria arranged about as those of the outer side, but the long calcaria much longer, the longest being decidedly longer than the greatest tibial depth. First and third tarsi tetramerous, the first and second segments short, the Fic. 1. _ second little more than one-half as long as the first and both together scarcely one-half as long as the third; the two basal segments are — produced ventrally as blunt, naked, black-tipped projections, the basal segment of the hind tarsus having a stout triangular tooth about the middle beneath; the third segment of both the first and third tarsi are cylindrical and the claws are very long, more than two-thirds as long as the apical tarsal segment and thick basally, apically taper- ing and infuscated. The middle tarsi are pentamerous, the basal and apical segments subequal in length, the intermediate ones very small, the second closely united to the basal one, none ventrally produced as are those of the first and third tarsi. The claws of the middle tarsi are less elongate than those of the others. Color brown and light yellow, the first and intermediate legs, the lower half of the head, the ventral margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, the ovipositor and the margins of the abdominal seg- ments being the latter color. The inner face of the third tibiz, the base of the calcaria and spines and the third tarsi as well as the antennz, at least basally, and the body of the black-tipped palpi are also light yellowish, and the face and outer disk of the third femora are mottled with it. Length, pronotum, 4.5 mm.; third. femora, 12 mm.; third tibiz, _ Jan.,"o7 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13 _ 9 mm.; ovipositor, 9 mm.; width third femora at widest point, 4 mm. | 4mm. Type in U. S. Nat. Mus. ___ One female, Mesilla Park, New Mexico, August 12, 1898 ~— (Cockerell). __ This species is very distinct from D. brevipes. The latter is less variegated in color and the calcaria of the posterior tibiz are not so conspicuously long. The claws of the new species are proportienately much longer than those of brevipes, and Fic. ta. the third tibiz are straight on the lower side instead of slightly curved as in brevipes. The third femora of phrixocnemoides are apically about one-third as broad as the basal portion, while in brevipes the apical width is more than one-half the basal width. Figure 1 shows the type specimen of phrixocnemoides, and figure Ia represents third leg much enlarged. A new Mayfly of the genus Caenis. By NaTtTHan Banks. The genus Caenis is one of the most distinct in the Epheme- ride. Its species, however, being small, are little known. Hagen recorded two species from the Eastern States, and recently Dr. Needham has described a third. I have a new species from the West, described below, and another form from Florida. Dr. Needham has figured the wings of the three spe- cies ; however, I do not find that there is as much difference in the venation as would appear from his figures. He shows the wing of C. hilaris with fewer cross-veins than C. diminuta, and both without anal cross-veins, yet in all the specimens 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 of this genus that I have seen, the anal cross-veins are present as well as all those shown for C. diminuta. The dif- ference is in the distinctness of these veins, the anal, and some- times some of the others, only can be seen when held against the light ; moreover, there is variation in this distinctness, and in the position of these cross-veins, while additional cross- veins are sometimes present. In his figure of C, allecta Dr. Needham shows the last fork of the radial forks arising from the lower instead of the upper branch; this is not mentioned in the description, but is different from all specimens seen by me. , My new species differs chiefly by its broader wings, and I shall therefore call it C. latipennis n. sp. Thorax pale, shining brown, paler on sides; abdomen dull brown above, paler beneath; legs pale, tips of femora darker; sete pale, faintly annulate with brown; wings whitish, the subcosta and radius very dark and prominent; the anterior cross-veins to median fairly distinct, those behind very faint. The marginal hairs of wing are very Cenis latipennis. short near tip, but longer behind toward base. Tibia of male plainly more than twice as long as femur. Anal stylets long, and sharp- pointed as figured for C. diminuta. Expanse 8 to 9 mm. Several specimens from Pullman, Washington, jab <0 Mr. J. CHESTER BRADLEY, formerly of Philadelphia and Ithaca, is now Laboratory Assistant in Entomology at the University of California, at Berkely. Mr. Bradley is at present inspecting orange groves near Los Angeles and San Diego. We wish him great success in his new environ- ment. Jan., ’07]_ —~__ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 15 Notes on the Subapterous Female of Tipula simplex : | Doane. R. W. Doane, Stanford University. arly in March, 1906, while collecting in a meadow near Stanford University, I found thousands of Tipulids half flying, BS half running over the grass. Many were collected, and all _ proved to be male specimens of Tipula simplex Doane. Although it is not uncommon to find the males of several species of Tipula issuing somewhat earlier than the females, i _ the very great abundance and the peculiar actions of this species, running frantically over the grass, rarely flying and then not rising more than a few inches, caused me to make Rudimentary wing of female 7ijula simplex Doane. a particularly close search for the females, but none were found at the time. Two days later, in another place where the males were again abundant, a few females were found crawling slowly over the ground in the thick grass, sometimes crawling up on the grass. They were, as the action of the males had led me to expect, unable to fly. The wings were short and rudimentary, being about as long as the halteres, distorted in shape, entirely veinless and with rows of rather long, stiff hairs along the costal margin in the anterior distal portion. The accompanying figure will give some idea of the shape of the wings and the arrangement of the hairs. In other respects the female is similar to the male, except that the legs are much shorter and stouter. The ovipositor is reddish-brown, the upper valves rather wide at the base, tapering to a sharp point and curving slightly outward at the tip. The lower 16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 valves are broader and blunter and do not reach the tip of the upper valves. As the early part of March was stormy, but little collecting was done, and only eighteen females were taken. Two pairs were taken mating, and one female was seen with her ovipositor thrust into the ground, evidently depositing her eggs, but no eggs were found. A few pupz, but no larve were found. We have, of course, a number of apterous or subapterous forms throughout the Diptera, the two conditions being, in- deed, found in the Tipulidae. The genus Chionea being en- tirely wingless, and the species recently described by Cuquillett, (Can. Ent., Vol. XX XVII, p. 347), assigned pro- visionally to the genus Limnophila, in which both the male and the female have abortive wings. It is difficult to conceive what combination of forces or tendencies have been at work to bring about this particular anomalous condition. We can easily see why it would be ad- vantageous for the parasitic forms living among the hairs or feathers of their host to be wingless. We also think we can see the advantage the wingless or short-winged forms have over the winged forms in regions where the latter are more or less apt to be carried to their destruction by the winds. Thus it is assumed that Calycoptera moseleyi Eaton and others on the Kerguelen Islands have gradually lost their wings through a process of natural selection, and we can conceive that the snow-loving Chionea and the subapterous alpine Limnophila aspidoptera possess an advantage over flying forms living under similar conditions. But none of these explanations have any force in the present instance. The fact that practically all of the Tipulids are winged and are able to fly considerable distances is’certainly good evidence that the winged forms are well fitted to their environment. “But here we have living under exactly the same conditions as to time, place, temperature, etc. ; this wingless form, which, if numbers count for anything, is certainly a successful form. It seems that some explanation other than that of natural selection will have to be looked for if we are going to “explain” such cases. —— . ENTOMOLOGICALONEWS; "7 | Notes on Certain Cranber ot bred io sostiua .bedriazsb ee Insects. Ds< # ait me y H. 1. J. FRANKLIN, B. S. Massachusetts Agricultural College; Se apa aggre oso egoloiq oltotnA Bart Mi Give months’ say in ee Cape God Craaberry region, m May Ist to the last days in | September Bok te present year, s engaged in studying the! insécts gerierally | consider das being economically important in the’ cr i — I made a considerable nui aoe _ : I wl ; _ The larve of, cede Cymatophora Talplates (Pack- — ) were found \in considerable numbe s on severater towns of Carver, | wot Falmouth | i harvested on one bog. bud at the tip of - c gan their feeding, and the bud at this time being the mostotender> part of sthe:plant at: was? theo portién-.chosen nost er) the ‘Caterpillar sae we ete Bi box E ; B) these laryee Ste ound i ot a gtéates? 3 abundance ce the’ ee flowage,,was, held late, inthe spring and, the buds, *t developed -into, the new. gxowth, to-any: naa n early in June. The caterpillars were at this time feeding! iously on these, buds. . Often, the entire bud was deyoured, wed rule,, only, the, central,.portion. was. eaten ,out,. leaving, in out Fahell. «Phe, larva!and pupa!.of «this speeies have snot: tofore beenbdéseribedti: | yiiso at bavot ssvtel ont to teoly L-grown larva!-Deagth 218! t6'20 tifinOGeiteral color Higtit Ween normally rounded; lighter in color than the body enor, By cee gee erpies heer iene partes D udinal whitish tiles, tiogé da Wie? dordudd BUN Huey Oro Alstinc than those on the'venter! Side oflbody Witla Artow- efeandedldred stripe running the; ee. Lyusto below thé) spiracles, :frém the» 18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 head to the base of the anal proleg and joining anteriorly the stripe . on the head already described. Surface of body bearing short sparsely scattered hairs (see Figs. 1 and 2). Spiracles small, chestnut brown. Anterior prolegs each bearing from seventeen to twenty crotchets which are subequal in length and arranged on a crescentic pad in a Fic. 2. Fic. 3. Fig. 1—Arrangement of tubercles and hairs on the metathoracic and first two abdominal segments of the larva of Cymatophora sulphurea (Pk.), full-grown. S. spiracles. Fig. 2—Arrangement of tubercles and hairs on some of the pos- terior abdominal segments. S., spiracles; a. p., anterior proleg. Fig. 3—Cervical shield showing arrangement of its tubercles and hairs. single row. Crochets of each anal proleg numbering from twenty-five to twenty-eight and arranged in a crescentic row similar to that on the anterior prolegs. Venter lighter colored than dorsum and sides. Most of the larve found in early June pupated by the middle of the month. Pupation on the bog took place in the sand beneath the vines. Pupa.—Length, 8 to 10 mm..—Greatest width, 2% to 3 mm. General color dark chestnut brown to black. Abdominal segments strongly punctate. Cremaster straight and sharply conical; in some specimens more or less bifid at the tip, with straight, sharply pointed branches. Cymatophora sulphurea (Packard) is at least two-brooded on Cape Cod. The adults of the first brood begin to emerge soon after the middle of June and continue to appear until into ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 19 . This first brood continues on the wing until near the Idle of this month. The second brood, which in all re- cts resembles the first, reaches the imago stage during late _ July and early August. The moths were found flying on abd bog which I visited during their time of flight. The emales and males of this species both vary somewhat in coloration. The males are always considerably the lighter, some specimens, even when they first emerge, having almost o yellow tinge at all in their coloring. All the females which reared were on their first emergence strong sulphur-yellow in color. The dark spots usually so conspicuous in the fe- _ male are in the male often very obscure. During the month of July the larve of the Geometer dl Tephroclystis miserulata (Grote) were found eating holes into the unripe cranberries on a considerable number of bogs, and _ im some cases were quite abundant. They were also found in _ a few instances eating similar holes into the unopened buds of Rhexia virginica L. E During June, Sphinx gordius Cramer was found in small _ numbers on several bogs. Late in August and in September, = its full-grown and nearly full-grown larve were also found _ feeding on the cranberry vines. This was the only Sphinx _ found on any of the bogs. ___-Epidemia epixanthe (Boisduval and LeConte) .was found flying i in great numbers on nearly every bog visited during late June and July. The larve ‘were certainly not found on the cranberry vines, and it is still a question as to what the food plant of this species is. It seems to be a common bog insect over the entire Cape. The larve of Epagoge sulfureana (Clemens) were found on cranberry vines in small numbers, feeding in a manner very similar to that of the larve of Aéleris minuta (Robinson). After the larve became full-grown, they pupated in the spun- up tips as do the larve of A. minuta. The larve of the Noctuid Glaea sericea Morr. were discovered during late May and June feeding at first on the buds at the sum- mit of the old growth and later on the new growth which devel- 20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 _ oped from them. These larvae became full-grown and went into the earth to pupate during the last ten days in June and the first days in July. They reached the period of general pupation about the first of August, and the single moth which I reared emerged on October 6th. Full-grown larva.—Length, 29 mm.—General color of body light chocolate-brown. Head light yellowish brown and faintly mottled. Tip of mandibles black. A whitish stripe runs the entire length of the body from just back of the head to the ‘anal proleg on each side, passing just below the spiracles and partially including some of them. Occiput of head and collar with an inconspicuous median longitudinal whitish line. A. slight dark median shading runs the entire length of the body from just behind the collar. There are also two pairs of inconspicuous dark spots on the dorsum of each of the abdominal segments, the two spots of the posterior pair being placed farther apart than those of the anterior pair. Pupa—Length, 17 mm.—Color, light brown. Surface smooth, not ~ punctate. Cremaster consisting of several (about four) straight sharp spines. an New Jersey is a place where any genus or species of insect may be found by those who have sufficient faith, and in addition to that it has a wonderful extinct animal. Mr. Rockefeller was very anxious to secure a specimen of the great Hadrosaurus foulki, fifty feet high, a specimen of which had been found ina marl pit. The Professor of Paleontology of the University of Chicago was sent out to secure a specimen. While crossing the dangerous pine barrens and in ascend- ing a sand dune he severely sprained his ankle. Great was the con- sternation when he did not get back at the appointed time. The Presi- dent of the University telegraphed to the Governor of Illinois, the latter communicated with the Governor of New Jersey, who ’phoned to New Brunswick and at once ordered the State Entomologist to send out a relief expedition. It arrived just in time. The learned Professor was on his back, nearly exhausted, with the left femur of a Hadrosaurus, five feet long, grasped in his right hand. Swinging this in the air he was beating off to save his life, clouds of Coelodiazesis, Cyclolepidop- teron, Lutzia, Ceratocystia, Pneumaculex, Panoplites, Deinocerites, Ochlerotatus, Culicelsa, Pseudoculex, Culiseta, Culicella, Melanoconium, Mochlostryax, Sabethoides, Lesticocampa and Aldiborontifoscofonium. , A Jerseyman, a member of the rescuers, said the poor man nearly lost his life from a joblotia of mosquitoes.*—Newspaper. '4See Canadian Entomologist for Dec., 1906, p. 384. an., 07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 21 On Phrynotettix magellanicus Bruner and Tristira bergi Brunner (Orthoptera). By James A. G. REHN. In 1872, Glover, in his illustration of North American Ento- ology (Orth., pl. vi, fig. 25), applied the generic name hrynotettix to the figure of a species of the genus later called Haldmanella by Saussure,* who apparently had never seen Glover’s work. In a work published several years before ‘the one containing Haldmanella, Saussure described a peculiar South American genus of locusts and applied the name » _ Phrynotettix to it.* From this it will be seen that Phrynotettix must date from Glover and should be used in place of Hald- manella, which has already been done by the author,t Phryno- tettix Saussure falling on account of preoccupation. The latter , genus was described by Saussure as a member of the Oediopo- In 1900, Bruner described a species of Phrynotettir Saus- sure|| from the Straits of Magellan, and two months later, _ Brunner von Wattenwyl independently described the same __ Species as a new genus and species of Truxaline—Tristira __ bergi.s Eary in 1906, the author recorded specimens as the latter species, overlooking Bruner’s species, as its proper relationship _ appeared to be with the Truxaline (Acridinz). __ A re-examination of the material sustains the opinion that closer relationship exists to the Acridine than to the C£dipo- _ ding, but the proper position of this as well as several other _ genera is debatable. From the evidence given above, it is ob- _ vious that Tristira must be used as.the generic name and that _ magellanicus Bruner has priority over bergi Brunner, the cor- rect combination being Tristira magellanica. -*Addit. Prodr. Oedipod., pp. 123, 153. 1888. _ 7Prodr. Oedipod., pp. 47, 99. 1884. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1902, p. 595. Ace. Gen. Spec. Locusts Agent., p. 44. Exact date according to Bruner (in litt.), Aug., 1900. ¢Comunic. Museo Nac. Buenos Ayres, I No. 7, pp. 235-236. Oct. % 1900. 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 Rare Butterflies. By HENRY SKINNER. The following question has been asked :—Kindly state in the News what is considered the rarest butterfly in North America ? That is a very difficult question to answer and may be evaded by asking What is a rare butterfly? or in other words, what is meant by the term rare. We will consider the question first from the standpoint of rare in collections. A butterfly may be very rare in collections but very common in nature. Butter- flies may be rare in collections from the following reasons : They may live in localities remote from resident collectors ; they may be found in places rarely visited by collectors on account of distance or inaccessibility ; they may be scarce in nature and restricted to a comparatively small area. As a general rule they may be said to be abundant at the proper place, in a given year, in the appropriate season. There are certain names in our lists that represent species of more or less doubtful validity and are probably synonyms, and these make a class that may be called rare for obvious reasons, but need not be considered here. As a subclass under this heading may be considered aberrations that have been given names but seldom recur in nature. ne A few species that are rare in collections may be considered. Argynnis nokomis, so far as I am aware, has not been taken for over twenty years. ‘The late Berthold Neumoegen received a number from somewhere in the vicinity of Kanab in southern Utah, and supplied most of the collections in the early eighties. Argynnis nitocris was described in 1874. About seven years ago Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell found it in abundance. Prof. F. H. Snow has also taken some of recent,years. This butterfly was scarce because it flies late in the season (after August 15th), and is only found, so far as known, at an elevation of about 7200 ft. Argynnis atossa is one of the rarest butterflies in collections. It has never been found outside of a certain place at a certain elevation in the Tehachapi Mountains in southern California. Avgynnis astarte was described in 1848 and not refound until 1891. It is still rare in collections but, is probably found over a large extent of country at certain alti} * a |) Jan.,707) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 23 tudes. Melitea albiplaga Aaron is only known from the unique type. It may prove to be an aberration of a common species. Cystineura cana has been found but once in the United States. One specimen of Myscelia skinneri has been _ found in New Mexico. /unonia negra Felder is only found in southern Arizona and is apparently rare there. A butterfly that is probably only in two collections in the United States is _ Debis creola. It is doubtless common in places on the Gulf coast of Louisiana and Texas. Another rarity in collections is Neonympha mitcheli, but it is common in certain parts of Michigan. Cenonympha kodiak comes and goes in its northern home, but seldom finds its way into the cabinet. Caenonympha haydenit was very rare until its headquarters were found in Idaho and the Yellowstone. This will be the history of most of them. ELrebia fasciata, rossi, vidleri and magdalena all de- light the eye of the collector as they are all rare in the cabinet, as people don’t go every day to Mount Cheam and the other localities in the far north. Satyrus pegala comes from a section of the country where there is little interest in entomology and consequently is a very desirable fly. Satyrus wheeleri from Owen’s Lake is a very rare species. S. sthenele is possibly the rarest in collections as it is probably extinct. Chionobas peartia, in honor of Mrs. Mary Peart, one of the greatest entomological artists that ever lived, is only known from type material as it ____ was found in Victoria Land, British America. Lemonias duryt _ is almost unknown to the collectors. Thecla wittfeldi has not been found since the original catch in 1883. The vegetation — on the spot where Dr. Wittfeld took it, on the Indian River, _ Florida, has been destroyed by cultivation. Thecla ontario is aa one of those doubtful things that I have never seen. Our _ Canadian friends should tell us what it is or is not. Theda __‘-4@cis was a great desideratum until collectors became frequent _ visitors to South Florida. For a butterfly that has been found from Canada to Arizona, 7hecla leta is very rare in collections and is also an excellent illustration of a butterfly found over an immense area and so far as known nowhere commonly. Chrysophanus hermes was probably only in two or three col- lections but is now being taken in some numbers, and its life history is likely to be published. A little butterfly rare in 24 -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 collections but.common in parts of the West is C. zere. Lycena ' KEerces, Supposedito be extinct, has come to life, but is very loval,;; Lyceng,;fotts is a very rare butterfly if it is a valid species, asthe writer never saw one. The locality is Mendo- cino, Calif}; oZ. aster from Newfoundland is a great rarity in collections, Lycena striata is also unknown to the writer of this, article,;; Veophasia terlooti was described in 1869 and not again.found until 1900. Fierts ochsenheimeri from Alaska is in two collections only. Anthocharis pima was unknown in col- lections,fer a number of years. Arizona and its fauna is be- coming better known every year, although there are vast tracts and, many mountain ranges yet to be explored. Colias boothi is; probably very common in Boothia-Felix, but there is only ene, specimen of it in the United States. It is probably the rarest butterfly that is still living. Colas behri is a good illus- tration of a butterfly that is rare in collections on account of a limited geographical range. Itis an alpine species found about the Yosemite Valley, California. The golden Parnassius evers- mannz is a very great rarity in collections, but is beyond doubt very common in its native haunts. Papilio nitra, indra, per- gamus, brevicauda, pilumus, cresphontinus are all good ones and lucky the collector that has them all.. Ancyloxypha longleyt was found near Chicago, Illinois, where there are numerous collectors, yet there is but one specimen known. ‘There are certain names in the Hesperidz that represent more or less doubtful species and we will only refer to rare valid species. The following are rare in collections: Jasus, cabelus, rhesus, carus, licinus, mesket, verus (the latter is a variety of zemorum), morrisoni, chusca, mardon, bellus, loammi, lunus, panoguinoides, errans, python, cestus, yehl, lagus, arogos, arabus, carolina, libya, outis, drusius, hesus, copafui, streckeri. ‘To refer to the original question again. The rarest butterfly found in North America may be said to be a valid species, represented in a single collection, by one specimen, and it the most difficult species of which to obtain additional material. What is it? The rarest species in nature is the one confined to the least geographical area and pengnese the least number of indi- viduals. What is it? ee ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (The Conductors of ENToMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put “ copy’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five “‘ extras,” without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1907. For several years it has been our custom to figure the most interesting or remarkable insect described during the year and illustrate it on the cover of the January NEws. We have asked for suggestions in regard to this matter, but for the year Syntomeida befana Skinner. just closed we have had none. The species figured here is probably not by any means the most remarkable but it was available and so here it is. Prof. F. H. Snow discovered the species in the Baboquivari Mountains in Arizona. It was described in this journal on page 379, Dec., 1906, The great necessity for economy of time and energy in routine work in entomology is painfully apparent. This is the age of insects and many of us fully recognize the great value of the study. The subject is such a vast one and the workers so comparatively few, that the necessity for modern aids of 25 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 various kinds is very great. Fortunate are those who can es- cape various kinds of drudgery. What would the business man of to-day think if he were obliged to do without a stenog- rapher, typewriter, filing cases and other things of like charac- ter? Many entomologists could turn out more and better work if they were so situated as to command these necessities. A\l- most no financial aid comes to entomology as compared with other researches of natural science, and yet we firmly believe that there is not one that exceeds it in importance. We sin- cerely trust that this condition will not continue. It is very gratifying to see that in far-off Africa, the ice in this respect is being broken. We refer to the splendid second report of the Wellcome Research Laboratories at the Gordon Memorial Col- lege in Khartoum. o> >~e Entomological. Literature. OBSERVATIONS ON THE STAPHYLINID Groups ALEOCHARINAE AND XANTHOLINI, CHIEFLY oF AMERICA——By Thos. L. Casey. Trans- actions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. Vol. 16, No. 6. Issued November 22, 1906. This work of 309 pages is devoted to a study of groups of smal! Coleoptera which have been much neglected. The author says: In the Aleocharine, the parts of the series selected for present review are those which are of more general interest and therefore somewhat sys- tematically collected, although this is only true in a relative sense, there being many most interesting genera and species still to be dis- covered. Besides these groups of the Aleocharine, a revision of the tribe Xantholini is presented, based upon such material as could be conveniently brought together. Many new genera and species are described. The author is to be congratulated on presenting to ento- mology such a valuable contribution to the literature of the subject, and it is to be hoped that it will stimulate a greater interest in a rather neglected family of the beetles. <3 Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. It has been found that there are 900,000 separate kinds of bugs in Mis- souri. It would appear from complaints in the Boston papers that there are. only two kinds in Massachusetts—the gypsy and brown-tailed moths. Newspaper. Pror. H, A. Prispry of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia has just returned from Arizona. He collected a number of insects most of which were taken in the Chiracahua Mountains. Jan.,’07] + |‘ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 27 Sr. Louis, Sept. 26th.—Myriads of butterflies, all moving by flock in a general southerly direction over the city, sometimes circling, attracted much attention this afternoon, particularly in the business streets. Little groups of people craned their necks and shaded their eyes against the sun while they stared at the unusual spectacle. The butterflies were very large, some measuring about three inches from tip to tip of their wings, and were of a light brownish color. The main body of the flock flew high in the air, well above the roofs of the tall buildings. THereE is nothing that Dr. F. H. Snow brought back from his recent collecting expedition in Southern Arizona that he prizes more highly than the Gila monster, which he captured shortly before his return to Lawrence, which gained considerable notoriety by biting him on the thumb. The last five weeks since the return of the expedition the _monster has spent in a cage in Dr. Snow’s back yard and seems to like its new Kansas home fully as well as its former habitat in the southern hills of Arizona. It has not been sick a single day of its captivity and takes its meals of raw eggs every three days as regularly as clock work, Gila, as Dr. Snow calls the creature for short, is a large lizard, being a little more than a foot long and has a head nearly two inches wide. Its mouth is amazingly large and is entirely out of proportion to the test of the body. Its body is yellow and dark brown and at a short distance looks like Indian bead work. Hour after hour Gila will lie in its cage without moving and appears as if it were dead, but stir it up with a stick or let it get angry and it will crawl around at a wonderfully fast pace. It is gentle and will never bite unless it is tormented or angry. Once let it get angry and it will seize the end of a stick or anything thrust at it and hold on for dear life. To watch it eat is an interesting sight. In nature the Gila monster lives on insects, but thus far in captivity it appears to be thriving on raw eggs. After a little experimenting Dr. Snow has found that every three days is the right time to feed the creature. When the time for- feeding arrives he grabs the lizard by the neck and lays it out on a table or flat box. He then cracks an egg in a saucer and thrusts the creature’s nose down in it and the Gila does the rest. It stretches out its long tongue into the saucer and greedily laps up raw egg until it has a mouthful. Then it slowly raises its head to a vertical position and lets the egg run down: its throat. After it has once started eating, Gila needs no urging, but laps away greedily until its hunger is satisfied. The last time Dr. Snow fed the animal it finished two raw eggs. It would hardly be correct to call Gila a family pet, for all the mem- bers of Dr. Snow’s family are afraid of it except Dr. Snow. As far as he is concerned, however, he handles it about fearlessly in spite of 28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {Jan., ’07 the fact that it has bitten him once. He took it in the house the other - day and, being called out of the room, placed it in a waste paper basket for safe keeping, putting a sofa pillow on top of the basket to keep it from escaping. Before Dr. Snow returned Gila had decided to explore a little, and, crawling up the side of the basket, pushed off the sofa pillow and made its escape. Nothing more was seen of it for several hours, when the family, not wanting to have a live Gila monster roaming around the house any longer, began a determined search for it and sya found it snugly hid behind some books in the bookcase. The question of whether the Gila monster bite is very serious or not is a much disputed one, but Dr. Snow believes it is not. “The effects of a Gila monster bite have been much exaggerated,” said Dr. Snow in discussing Gila monsters, and his own pet in particu- lar. “Of course I have not had so very much experience with them, but so far as I could judge I should not call it very dangerous. The one I have in my back yard planted six teeth securely in my thumb, and I suffered no ill effects from it other than from the mere pain of the bite. The prompt application of an antidote which I had on hand, however, may have had something to do with my escape from sickness. A ranchman near where I was bitten seemed much concerned over the accident and told several instances of people having to spend weeks in a hospital as a result of a Gila monster bite.” Doings of Societies. A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held May 24, 1906, Mr. Philip Laurent, Director, presiding. .Ten persons present. Mr. Ilg exhibited specimens of Anthocharis —— show- ing variation in size. Mr. H. L. Viereck said he was preparing a work on the Hy- meroptera of Connecticut, with an introduction, containing tables for the separation of families, genera and species, with notes on the latter. He thought the work would number not less than five hundred pages. Mr. Coxey exhibited a collecting paper for insects, on which was printed blank forms for entering data. Mr. Viereck advocated a study of the relation between the weight of insects and their wing expanse, for furthering a _ knowledge of aerial navigation. Mr. Wenzel said insects usu- ally fly against the wind and their navigation is the reverse of that of a balloon. ——— a ———— ~ _ Jan., ’07)} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 29 Mr. Matthews exhibited specimens of Periplaneta ameri- cana, and related his experience in trapping them. He showed winged and wingless forms. : P Henry SKINNER, Secretary. A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held September 27, 1906, Dr. D. M. Castle presiding. Thirteen persons were present. Dr. Skinner exhibited a bred 3 of Platysamia gloveri from the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, and spoke of the differences between its larva and that of cecropia. He also exhibited Hepialus thule, a rare species found at Montreal, Canada. Mr. Daecke said he had located some pitcher plants at Toms River, New Jersey, and determined to examine them this sea- _ son for Papaipema appassionata. He found the workings on September 22d, and exhibited them, but was too late in the season to get imagos. He also called attention to a method of making double mounts and exhibited the process. Num- ber oo black pins are put through the insect in the ordinary way; the pin is bent at a right angle under the insect and then pinned into a small piece of polyporus fungus which is on the larger pin. The excess of the small pin is removed with cutting pliers. Mr. Viereck said during the summer he had been delegated by Dr. Samuel G. Dixon, Commissioner of Health, to make a mosquito survey of Pennsylvania. He had one assistant, Mr. J. Irwin Zerbe. The principal object in view was to combat _ malaria, and all the principal cities were examined. Attention was also given to a typical Canadian zone town in Sullivan County, and especial attention was given to the valley of the Susquehanna, as all evidence seemed to point to this being the strategic river valley in the crusade against malaria in the State. Culex pipiens was found breeding by the billion where no Anopheles could be found, but in this case the water _ was adulterated from refuse discharged by a glue factory. This is possibly the reason for the paradox here. In the acid waters and the oily waters of the coal and oil regions, respec- tively, no mosquitoes of any kind were found, nor were mos- quitoes found breeding in certain cities where every depression 30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 had been filled in with material in the course of city develop- ‘ment. The breeding of mosquitoes was always found great- est where interference with nature’s balance by man was most marked. Anopheles punctipennis always greatly outnum- bered A. maculipennis. It seemed quite evident during the course of the visits, that there was no demand for talks on the subject of mosquitoes as there was in the summer of 1903. This indicated to them that there had been a decline in the enthusiasm over the subject. Seemingly unpardonable ignorance of basic facts and prin- ciples in entomology was detected, even among physicians, and in general it was noted that the dubbing of everything that crawls with the term “bug,” is still too widespread. It seemed to them that this is due to the fact that entomologists seem loath to translate their study to the public through collections and articles. Hence they are impelled to wish that entomologists may become more concerned in giving their study the place it deserves in the public estimation, and in dispelling, among other things, the allusion to an insect as a despised bug. | Henry SKINNER, Recorder. A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held November 22, 1906, Dr. D. M. Castle presided. Thirteen persons were present. Mr. Ilg presented eighteen specimens of blown larve. Mr. Rehn reported the gift of éighty-nine species of Orthop- tera, by Mr. Biolley, from Costa Rica. Dr. Calvert described his trip to Mexico during the past summer. He visited Hermosillo and Nogales in Sonora; Guz- man, Chihuahua City and Santa Rosalia in Chihuahua; Tor- reon, San Pedro and Saltillo in Coahuila; Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Queretaro, Lake Chapala, Guadalajara, Mex- ico City, Orizaba, Jalapa, Popocatepetl Park and Toluca. The collecting at these various places was described. No new species of Odonata were found. One species new to Mexico was taken, Libellula flavida Hagen not Ramb. Mr. Rehn exhibited some remarkable forms of Orthoptera purchased by Mr. Hebard. : 2) oe Jan., 07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 31 Mr. Viereck made a communication on the parasites of man and spoke especially of insects as factors in the transmission of disease. The fact that under certain conditions insects _ change their hosts was mentioned. __ Mr. Daecke said in regard to a previous communication he had made an error. At Weymouth, N. J., he had found Yucca. He showed the stems from which he had raised a number of moths which he thought were Pronuba yuccasella, but on fur- ther investigation they proved to be Prodoxus intermedius. Pronuba yuccasella only breeds in the capsules or seed pods. The pupa cases of the two show remarkable differences. The Yuccasella pupates on the ground; the larve of iter- medius do not leave the plant. Dr. Skinner exhibited a picture of the larva of Crinodes biedermani made by Mr. Weigand. Henry SKINNER, Recorder. A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held June 28, 1906, Dr. P. P. Calvert, President, in the Chair, and ten persons present. Mr. C. Few Seiss presented a piece of ebony perforated by the so-called ship-worm (Teredo), which was turned over to the Conchological Department of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Mr. J. A. G. Rehn said he had received some interesting Orthoptera from Prof. C. F. Baker, taken on Mt. Tyndall, in California. A Bradynotes and a Hippiscus were of especial interest. The Hippiscus represented a small species compared to those taken at lower elevations where much larger species in __ the same genus occur. Also a katydid taken by C. R. Biederman at Florence, Arizona. Mr. E. Daecke reported the capture of Cordulegaster macula- tus, at Lacey, New Jersey, on May 27th, this being the second specimen recorded from the State. On June 24th, at Browns Mills Junction, he took Hagenius brevistylus while it was in the act of capturing Dorocordulia lepida. Chrysophanus epixanthe, June 17th, and Gastropacha americana on April 29th, were 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ’07 recorded from the same locality. On June 3d, at Dacosta, N. J., he captured Tetyra bipunctata, a hemipterous insect, representing a family new to the State. Dr. Calvert said in his work on the Biologia Centrali-Ameri- cana, he was particularly interested in the study of widely distributed species and mentioned the coast form Erythrodiplax berenice, which is found from New Jersey southward to Pan- ama. Going from north to south, the veining of the wing in this species becomes less dense. The same speaker also made remarks on the transition or intergradation of butterflies and beetles, as they are distributed from north to south. Dr. Skinner exhibited Xylophanes falco, a sphynx moth from the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, and new to the United States. It was captured by C, R. Biederman. Henry SKINNER, Secretary. A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held October 25, 1906, Dr. Calvert, President, in the Chair. Nine persons were present. Mr. Ilg presented twelve blown larvze to the collection. He also exhibited specimens of Utethesia bella, showing variation, and among them two specimens of U. ornatrix, all found at Philadelphia. He was inclined to believe that bella and orna- trix were not different species. Dr. Calvert said five specimens of Tenodera sinensis were seen in Woodland cemetery, West Philadelphia, during the second week of October, which had probably been introduced ° from the adjoining grounds of the Botanical Garden of the University of Pennsylvania. He also said the Argia translata 6 taken at Roxborough, Philadelphia, by Mr. Haimbach in 1905 was the first record for Pennsylvania, The same gentleman took two female speci- mens in the same locality this year. It was described from Venezuela. Dr. Calvert captured Chrysina macropus under the electric lights in Jalapa, Mexico. He also saw the species flying dur- ing the day. Henry SKINNER, Secretary. EE EN a Se Ss ean _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE EN HOM@LBEICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. Vou. XVIII. FEBRUARY, 1907. No. 2. CONTENTS: Champion—Itinerary of Mr. G. C. Cham- Bergroth—Notes on American Hemip- pion’s Travels in Central America, et Ng etre die i ee ip a 48 EEL dss ae os on dk dotas epmungans 33 | Swenk and Cockerell—The bees of Ne- Haimbach—Two new species of Cram- ee RE) i ere er 51 bus and a new variety of Haematop- Editorial’... ddiosaweee se 3. Set vaemeneue 59 Sis grataria Fabricius ..............- 44 | Entomological Literature ..............-. 60 Cockerell—A new bee of the genus Cro- eGtes and NOwss st teydeens Hc. 2 -numehaun 61 BEECNCSE cvisc och bosccstbicoutd sycetes 40 | Doings of Societies. ...............2-.00- 64 Skinner—The identity of Thecla calanus MITER SG nied i causindeewaekse sh 47 Itinerary of Mr. G. C. Champion’s Travels in Central America, 1879-1883. By G. C. CHAMPION. The following itinerary of my travels in Central America (Guatemala and Panama), March 16, 1879-May 21, 1883, has been drawn up at the request of Dr. P. P. Calvert, of Phila- delphia, for publication in ENtomMoLocicaL News. It may, perhaps, be of interest to American, as well as to European, entomologists or to future travelers, pending the possible publication in the “Biologia” of a fuller description of the many places visited. In Guatemala both the Atlantic and Pacific slopes were investigated, as well as the ceniral plateau, the larger volcanos, &c., the Atlantic slope proving to have an incomparably richer insect-fauna than the Pacific. In Panama (Chiriqui) the Pacific slope only was investigated, the Atlantic side being very inaccessible and having no villages ‘ _ Or centres of population except along the coast or around the Laguna de Chiriqui. The journey to Central America was made to obtain material for the Biologia Centrali-Americana and under instructions from Messrs. Godman and Salvin. 33 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | [Feb., ’o7 1879. March 16-18. San José de Guatemala.* Sea coast, man- grove swamps, lagoons, etc. - March 19, 20. Traveling up to capital. March 21-April 2. Guatemala city (about 4500 ft.). Open plains, intersected by deep barrancas (ravines). Scrubby oak and pine woods in places on hillsides... April 3-5. Ciudad Vieja. The first capital of Guatemala, in the valley between the voleanos Agua and Fuego. Coffee plantations and cultivated ground. April 6-8. Guatemala city. April 9. Aceituno. Plantation near the capital. April 10-16. Guatemala city. April 17-May 12. Capetillo. Valley between the vol- canos Agua and Fuego. Coffee and sugar cane plan- tations, with the forest-clad slopes of the Fuego adja- cent. May 13-June 22. Zapote (about 2000 ft.). On the for- est-clad southern slope of the Volcan de Fuego. June 24, 25. Antigua. June 26-July 21. Duenas (about 4500 ft.). Near Cape- tillo. Coffee and opuntia plantations adjacent to the Lake of Duenas. Various excursions made from here to Calderas, on the upper eastern slope of the Volcan — de Fuego, up to about 7500 ft. Pines on the higher ground. July 22-Aug. 7. Guatemala city. Aug. 8. Carrizal. Arid district with scrubby woods. © Aug. 9. Llano Grande (about 2600 ft.). Scrubby woods and cultivated ground. Aug 10-Sept. 9. San Geronimo, Baja Vera Paz (about 2950 ft.). East end of plain of Salama. Hot, dry region, with many cacti. Chuacus range of moun- tains adjacent. Lower slopes of latter clothed with pine forest, with forest of deciduous trees above. [* The interested reader can easily follow Mr. Champion’s itinerary on the map of Guatemala issued by the Bureau of American Republics, Washington, 1902. Scale'125 miles to 1 inch. Some account of his experiences, methods, etc., but unaccompanied by any itinerary, was published in the Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine for 1884, under the title ‘‘ Tropical Collecting.’’—Eps.] “Feb. — ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35 Sugar cane and coffee plantations near village. Drain- age to Atlantic. Headquarters for about one year. Many long excursions made from here to pace on Atlantic slope. Sept. 10. Santa Barbara (about 4450 ft.). Mountainous region of Chilasco, east of San Geronimo. Scattered woods of Liquidambar, etc. Sept. 11, 12. Santa Cruz (5500 ft.). Mountainous region of Chilasco, east of San Geronimo, Scattered woods of Liquidambar, etc. Sept. 13-Oct. 1. San Geronimo. Oct. 2-5. Purula (about 4000 ft.). Open ground with a humid virgin forest adjacent on mountains. Oct. 6, 7. Sabo (2900 it.). Clearing in dense humid forest. Oct. 8-15. Panima (1800 ft.). Hot, narrow valley of the Rio Sinanja, a tributary of the Polochic. Valley followed down to near Ribaco and upward towards Matanza. | Oct. 16. Purula. Oct. 17. Cachil. Open arid mountain slopes, with agaves, palms, etc. | Oct. 18-Nov. 3. San Geronimo. Nov. 4-6. Tocoy (about 2000 ft.). Arid district on Zacapa road, Nov. 7. El Jicaro. Village on eastern slope of Chuacus range. Scrubby.woods, pines above. Nov. 8-12. San Geronimo. Nov. 13, 14. Purula. Nov. 15. San Miguel Tucuru (about 1500 ft.). . Polo- chic valley. Mostly cultivated ground, cotton, maize, etc. : Nov. 16. .La Tinta. Polochic valley. Tropical vegeta- tion. Indigo formerly cultivated here, hence the name. Nov. 17-23. Senahu (2800 ft.). Limestone mountains north of Polochic valley. Humid forests, cleared in places for coffee plantations, Long rainy season. 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’07 Nov. 24-30. San Juan (1800 ft.). Mountain slopes north of Polochic. Forest cleared for coffee planta- tions. Dec, 1, 2. La Tinta. Dec. 3-7. Tamahu, a few miles higher up the valley than Tucuru (about 2250 ft.). Mostly cultivated ground. © . Dec. 8. Santa Rosa (about 4000 ft.). Dec. 9-28. San Geronimo. Dec. 29. Tactic (4300 ft.). Scattered Liquidambar and and other trees. Forest all cleared to near mountain tops. 1880. Dec. 30-Jan. 2. Coban, Alta Vera Paz (about 3800 ft.). Humid region, rainy season sometimes continuing into February. Forest nearly all cleared to plant coffee, maize, etc. Jan. 3. Tactic. Jan. 4-6. San Geronimo. Jan. 7. Buenaventura, Jan. 8-12. Guatemala city. Jan. 13. Lake of Amatitlan (about 3450 ft.). Jan. 14-18. Guatemala city. Jan. 19. Buenaventura. Jan. 20-25. San Geronimo. Jan. 26. Santa Rosa. Jan. 27-Feb. 1. San Joaquin, Alta Vera Paz (about 3200 ft.). Pine-clad, arid mountain slopes. Rio Chisoy below. About the northern limit of the arid region of the central plateau. Feb, 2. San Cristobal (4250 feet). Cultivated ground adjacent to the Lake of San Cristobal. Feb. 3-5. Balheu (Valeu) (3850 he: Pine-clad moun- tain slopes. Feb. 6-10. Coban. Feb. 11. Chiacam (2400 ft.). Coffee plantations and scrubby woods. Feb, 12. San Agustin Lanquin (1000 ft.). Limestone formation. Second growth woods; forest all cleared. we \ ’ Feb., 07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37 Rio Cahabon, a large tributary of the Polochic, adja- cent. : Feb. 13-23. Cahabon (800 ft.). Second growth woods, forest all cleared near village. Large Indian popula tion. Feb. 24-28. Lanquin. The large limestone cave visited. The Rio Cahabon, a broad stream, issues from its mouth. Feb. 29-March 6. Chiacam. March 7-9. Coban. March 10-20. Cubilguitz (1050 ft.). Limestone region, with humid forest on hills. Broad valleys with scat- tered trees. The Rio Dolores reached, but not crossed. On main road from Coban to Peten. March 21. Satchicha (2000 ft.) March 22-24. Coban. March 25. Tactic. March 26-April 13. San Geronimo. - April 14-23. Purula. a! April 24-28. Panima. ar April 29-May 2. Sabo. _ May 3. San Miguel Tucuru. May 4-12. Chacoj, near Chamiquin, sometimes called La Hamaca (from the old rope bridge over the Polo- chic) (about 500 ft.). Tropical forest with many palms. ; May 13-18. Teleman, on the Rio Polochic. Fine tropi- cal forests swarming with Culicide. Unhealthy dis- trict. . May 19-22. Panzos, on the Rio Polochic. Fine tropical forests swarming with Culicide. ‘Willows on river bank. Unhealthy district. May 23. Danta, on northern shore of the Lake of Yzabal. May 24. Traveling up river Polochic. May 25-June 2. Panzos. June 3-14. Senahu, traveling up from Panzos by way of Trece Aguas. 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’07 June 15-21. San Juan, June 22, 23. Chacoj. June 24. San Miguel Tucuru. June 25-27. Purula. June 28-July 26. San Gerdnimo. July 27. Rabinal (2850 ft.). Dry region, with scrubby woods, cacti, etc. July 28. Cubulco (2900 ft.). July 29. Joyabaj (4300 ft.). Open mountainous region, intersected by deep barrancas. Pines and oaks on slopes. Central plateau becoming higher westward. July 30. Santo Tomas Chiché (6100 ft.). Los Altos region. July 31-Aug. 5. Chimente, Quiché mountains (7600 ft.). Oaks, pine, alder, etc., on slopes. Potatoes and maize cultivated. Aug. 6. Totonicapam (7900 ft.). Pine-clad slopes. Aug. 7. Chevuc (9900 ft.). Pine woods. Aug. 8. Los Encuentros (8400 ft.). Aug. 9, 10. Desconsuelo (Solchicha) (about 10,500 ft.). Pine forests. Very bleak situation. Carriage ~ road from Guatemala city to Quezaltenango passes this place following the summit of the highest portion of the Cordillera. Potatoes only cultivated at this elevation. Aug. 11-15. Pachoc (9200 ft.). Pine woods. Aug. 16. Totonicapam. Aug. 17-19. Quezaltenango (7600 ft.). Cultivated ground mostly. Aug. 20-Sept. 9. Finca of Las Nubes, on the Pacific slope of the Cerro Zunil, above Mazatenango (4050 ft.). Coffee plantations, with dense forest above. Sept. 10-23. San Isidro (1600 ft.). Pacific slope. Sec- ond growth woods, cleared in places for coffee and cacao plantations. Sept. 24. Retalhuleu (950 ft.). Pacific slope. Second growth woods. Sept. 25-Oct. 7. Las Mercedes ( 3200 ft.). Pacific slope. Feb., 1881. 07 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 39 ——— Immense coffee plantations in this Costa Cuca dis- trict. Nearly all the original forest cleared. Oct. 8-17. El Reposo (800 ft.). Low country near Pacific. Mostly second growth, but some forest in vicinity. Oct. 18, 19. Paraiso (300 ft.). Near Pacific. Scrubby woods, bamboos, etc. Oct. 20-22. Champerico. Sea coast. Oct. 23. El Reposo. Oct. 24-26. Las Mercedes. Oct. 27-28. Coatepeque (1250 ft.). Mostly cultivated ground. Oct. 29. Rio Naranjo (450 ft.). Second growth woods. Mexican frontier adjacent. Oct. 30-Nov. 3. Finca La Union (2250 ft.). El Tum- bador district, department of San Marcos. Coffee plantations and second growth woods. Nov. 4-7. Finca La Carolina (2600 ft.). Tumbador district, overlooking Mexican coast. Nov. 8. La Union. Nov. 9. Rio Naranjo. Noy. 10. Coatepeque. Nov. 11-14. Las Mercedes. Nov. 15. San Martin, near Ostuncalco (7400 ft.). Scattered trees, ground mostly cultivated. Nov. 16-18. Quezaltenango. Cerro Quemado visited. Noy. 19-Dec. 14. Las Nubes (Cerro Zunil). Dec. 15. San Isidro. Dec. 16-26. San Agustin (2250 ft.). Pacific slope of the Volcan de Atitlan. Second growth woods, coffee plantations, etc. Dec. 27-29. San Lucas Toliman (4900 ft.). Oak woods, etc., around the lake of Atitlan. Pampojilaj visited and lake crossed to northern side. Dec. 30. Panajachel (4900 ft.). Similar ground. Dec. 31. San Lucas Toliman. Jan. 1. Godines (6900 ft.). Arid district above the precipitous slopes of the Volcan de Atitlan, 40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’07 Jan. 2. Chimaltenango (5650 ft.). District cultivated with cereals. Jan. 3-11. Guatemala city. Jan. 12. Antigua. Jan. 13. Volcan de Agua (about 13,000 ft.) ascended. Scattered pines to near summit, deciduous trees up to about gooo ft. Jan. 14. Antigua. Jan. 15-Feb. 3. Pantaleon (1700 ft.). Pacific slope. Sugar-cane fields and second growth (rastrojo). Feb. 4-14. Mirandilla (1700 ft.). Similar ground, Feb. 15. Escuintla. Feb. 16-18, Torola (1000 ft). Scattered patches of forest. Feb. 19-28. Paso Antonio (400 ft.). Open savanas, with scattered crescentia and other trees, near Pacific. Lagoons here adjacent to the Rio Michotoya drained and used for pasturing in dry season. March 1-3. Torola. March 4. Savana Grande, near the Rio Maria Linda (about 1150 ft.). Scrubby woods and cultivated ground. March 5. La Gavita (La Gavia) (1700 ft.). Similar ground. March 6, 7. Brito. March 8-16. Torola. District swarming with ticks in dry season. March 17-April 3. Guatemala city. April 4, 5. Escuintla. April 6, 7. San José de Guatemala. Left by steamer on 7th en route for Panama. April 9. La Union, Salvador. Landed for a few hours. April 10. Corinto, Nicaragua. Landed for a few hours. April 12. Punta Arenas, Costa Rica. Landed for a few hours. April 17-20. Panama city. Left on 20th by steamer for Chiriqui. April 22-30. David. Principal town of Chiriqui. Open ., 07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 4! savanas, with scattered, leathery-leaved, deciduous - trees. Denser growth by river side and on hills adja- cent. May 1-27. Finca Nance Bonito (about 2800 ft.). South- ern slope of Volcan de Chiriqui. Plenty of forest, cleared in places for coffee plantations, a fine palm locally abundant. Savana region ascending to about 2000 ft. Coniferz altogether wanting in the district, probably not reaching south of Nicaragua. May 28-June 25. Las Potrerillas (El Banco). Similar ground. Not far from Nance Bonito. June 26-July 13. David. July 14-Aug. 1. Finca La Elvira. Similar to Nance Bonito. . Aug. 2-8. Las Potrerillas. Aug. 9-11 Boquete (3550 ft.). Southeastern slope of Volcan de Chiriqui. Aug. 12-20. La Caldera (1500 ft.). Savana region, with scattered trees. On road from David to Atlantic coast. Aug. 21-Sept. 27. Las Potrerillas. Sept. 28-Oct. 20. David. Oct. 21-Nov. 28. Bugaba (1000 ft.). Fine forests here, extending into Costa Rica; eastward and southward savanas, with scattered trees. Rio Ascaria and Rio Chiriqui Viejo descending through forest country. Sugar cane and coffee cultivated. Nov. 29. Jugales (2500 ft.). Noy. 30-Dec. 10. Potrero del Volcan (4000 ft.). Sa- vanas ascending up to 6000 ft. to the precipitous west- ern slope of the Volcan de Chiriqui (11,000 ft.). Dense forests: westward and southward. Lagoons in forest, through which passes the Rio Chiriqui Viejo. Uninhabited district, in which large numbers of cat- tle are pastured. Dec. 11, 12. Bugaba. Dec. 13-26. David. . Dec. 27-Feb. 2. Bugaba. 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’07 Feb. 3-5. Camaron (1750 ft.). Milpas (maize fields) in forest clearings, on Costa Rican road. Feb. 6-March 15. Bugaba. March 16-21. Las Potrerillas. March 22-April 10. Bugaba. April 11-13. David. April 14-18. Bugaba. April 19-29. Potrero del Volcan. April 30-May 29. Bugaba. May 30-June 5. Las Potrerillas. June 6-8. Slope of the Volcan de Chiriqui (5500 ft.). Staying in hut erected by orchid-collectors in dense forest. Ascended to 8000 ft., by tracks made by tapirs through the dense undergrowth of bamboo to summit of ridge. Further progress stopped by an immense ravine, beyond which the upper part of the volcano could be seen. No water could be found near hut, and a longer stay therefore not possible. June 9-12. Las Potrerillas. June 13,14. Finca Nance Bonito. June 15-July 3. Bugaba. July 4. Jugales. July 5-7. Potrero del Volcan. July 18-Aug. 15. Bugaba. Aug. 16-19. David. Aug. 20-28. Bugaba. “Aug. 29-30. Divala (Vivala) (350 ft.). Savanas, with the Rio Chiriqui Viejo adjacent. Fine tropical forest, with many palms, westward. A road into Costa Rica passes this place, not many miles from the Pacific. Eastward, on the savana, is the old capital of the dis- trict, Alanje. Aug. 31. Mosque (700 ft.). Sept. 1-Nov. 30. Bugaba. Dec. 1-3. David. Dec. 4-27. Bugaba. Dec. 28-30. David. Dec. 31. Chorcha (300 ft.). Dense forest, descending hh at ———— Feb. ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 43 down to coast, interrupting the continuity of the large savanas bordering the Pacific. 1883. Jan. 1. San Lorenzo (200 ft.). Savanas, with woods here and there. Jan. 2, 3. Los Remedios. Similar country near coast. Jan. 4-10. Tolé (1150 ft.). Similar country. Excur- sions made from here to various places on slopes of Cordillera. ) Jan. 11. Cerro Algodon (2000 ft.). Jan. 12-17. Pefia Blanca (3000 ft.). Very broken open country in vicinity of the Pefia (Bluff). Slopes above covered with forest. Ascended to 5500 ft. Indians from distant places on Atlantic slope assemble in Cordillera near here annually. Jan. 18. Cerro Algodon. Jan. 19-22. Tole. ' Jan. 23-28. Nancito (800 ft.) Jan. 29. Los Remedios. Jan. 30-Feb. 3. San Feliz (650 ft.). Savanas, with patches of wood. Village near the borders of the department of Veraguas, and not very far distant from the chief town, Santiago. Feb. 4. 5. La Isleta. Adjacent to the Rio Fonseca. Feb. 6, 7. Cana Fistula (650 ft.). Near the Montana de Chorcha. Feb. 8-10. David. Feb. 11-March 3. Bugaba. , March 4-9. David. March 10, 11. Bugaba. March 12, 13. David. March 14. Boquita. On way down to coast. ; March 15-17. Boca Chica. Near coast. q aoe March 18-24. En route to Panama in small coasting vessel. March 25, 26. Panama. March 27. Colon (Aspinwall). March 28-April 2. Panama. April 3-27. San Miguel, King Island (Isla del Rey), 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’07 Pearl Islands. Scrubby woods much cleared in places to plant yams, etc. Coast fringed with mangroves and coco palms. Darien coast visible from San Miguel. April 28, 29. On way back to Panama in small boat. April 30. Panama. May 1-17. Taboga Island, bay of Panama. Rocky ground ascending to about 800 feet with small streams. May 18-21. Panama. Elevations approximate only, taken from an uncorrected aneroid barometer. Probably too low in many cases. <0> Two new Species of Crambus and a new variety of Haematopsis grataria Fabricius. By Frank Harmsacu, Philadelphia, Pa. C. placidellus n. sp. Expanse of wings, 16 mm.—Head and habe above, white. Palpi whitish ochreous, pale cinereous on the outside. Fore-wings ochro- leucus, whitish towards the base, sprinkled with dark brown atoms between the base and subterminal line, these atoms being most numer- ous between the median and subterminal lines; a light brown median line, starting from the middle of the costa, bent outwardly and running to beyond the middle of the hind margin; the subterminal line is whitish, edged on both sides with the same shade of light brown as the median line, with which it runs nearly parallel, being farthest apart at the interior margin; the subterminal space has the veins marked with faint whitish lines, and a row of black spots along the terminal line. Fringes metallic cinereous, with a fuscous line run- ning nearly parallel with, and about one-third from the terminal line. Hind-wings of the same color as the fore-wings, but somewhat lighter; fringe whitish. Described from three specimens taken at Wenonah, N. J., July 27, 1905, July 15, 1906, and at Philadelphia, Pa., July 6, 1905. C. daeckellus n. sp. . Expanse of wings, 27-31: mm.—Head and palpi ochreous on top, brownish on the sides, thorax dark brown, pale ochreous through the centre vertically; fore-wings fusco-ferruginous, with a broad silvery Feb., 07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 45 white stripe starting from the base near the costa, tapering acutely outwardly, and ending in a point; a tooth on the costal side near the centre of the stripe, and another below, which meets a fuscous line running from near the base to the terminal line; parallel with this line are two shorter metallic lines, above which, between veins 4 to 6, is a white stripe to the subterminal line; subterminal line silvery, bordered with white on the costa, and forming an obtuse angle at its first third, then running nearly straight to vein 2, where it forms another slight angle interiorly. The hind margin has a white stripe from the base nearly to the subterminal line. Upon the apex is a white triangle with a brown triangle above it. The terminal line is dark brown at the apex and a black spot on each of veins 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Fringe white at the apex, below that greyish metallic. Hind-wings and abdomen whitish to pale fuscous; fringe white. Described from three specimens taken by Mr. E. Daecke at Brown’s Mills Junction, N. J., May 30 and June 17, 1906, and at Da Costa, N. J., June 3, 1906, and one specimen taken by Mr. P. Laurent at Clementon, N. J., May 9. Named in honor of Mr. E. Daecke, of Philadelphia. Haematopsis grataria annettearia. Body of the same color (ochreous-yellow) as the typical specimens; fore-wings entirely pink, except at the costa, where there is a slight suggestion of yellow; the discal dot is a shade darker than the rest of the wing. Hind-wings of the same color as the fore-wings, but in some of the specimens the ochreous color shows through at about two- thirds from the base, through the centre of which the outer band can be indistinctly located, and from either side of this band the yellow blends gradually with the pink. Discal spot also visible, under side of wings suffused with pink as above, though not so markedly. Described from eleven specimens taken at Cincinnati, Ohio, for several successive years, by Miss Annette F. Braun, for whom it gives me great pleasure to name this beautiful variety. —___ -——+ ~er -—___ _ ANOTHER 7hec/a tangle.—Having had occasion to study some theclas for Mr. H. H. Brehme I came to the conclusion that 7hecla henrici Grote and Robinson is a pure synonym of zvus Godart. Grote and Robinson give as localities for Aewrici ‘Atlantic District. (Maine! to Pennsylvania!)”’ “This species is intermediate between Zhecla augustus Kirby (7. an- tinus Westw.) and Thec/a irus, as illustrated by Boisduval and Le nte.’’ The figure by Bd. and Lec. is large and crude, but represents the species ‘coma south and also from Maine to Pennsylvania. Arsace in the same species showing a light colored discal area, not uncommon in the species. I believe Aenrici was described because it did not fit the _ figure of irus Bd. Lec.—HENry SKINNER. 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’07 A New Bee of the Genus Crocisa. By T. D. A. CockERELL. Crocisa beatissima n. sp. Q. Length about 11 mm.; black with blue markings. Superficially similar to C. c@ruleifrons Kirby (qguartine Gribodo), but differing as follows: markings of thorax and abdomen turquoise-blue, bright but zo¢ shining ; hair of face white with a faint bluish tint ; ocelli larger; scutel- lum (which is without spots) with the hind margin broad V-shaped, not ——-shaped ; blue mark on each side of first abdominal segment like a large L placed sideways; the end of its foot with a large cuneiform ap- pendage directed mesad, the point where the black invades the blue laterally being broadly rounded; hind tibiz with the basal two-fifths bluish-white ; basal joint of tarsi white outside. Hab.—Adelaide, Australia, June, 1897. Received from the British Museum ; collector unknown to me. The Australian species of Cvoczsa with blue or bluish spots may be separated as follows : At least some of the abdominal segments 4-spotted ......... I. None of the abdominal segments 4-spotted, the lateral marks being un- divided. 0°. a PR 2, 1. Margin of scutellum ——-like ....... lamprosoma Boisduval. Margin of ‘scutellumy W-like i!) shige x: ose te eee turneri Friese. 2. First abdominal segment covered with blue pile, except a narrow in- feriot MAG nc Se se nove-hollandiz Lepel. First abdominal segment with an entire basal blue band; margin of scutellum W-like ; blue markings shining . . _ nitidula Fabr. Abdominal bands all interrupted in the middle’ :".. 9. 4a s 3. Blue markings shiny ; margin of scutellum ——-like ...... 4. Blue markings not shiny ; margin of scutellum W-like ...... 5. 4. Hair on middle of occiput black with white on each side ; apex of male abdomen more narrowly truncate . caruleifrons W. F. Kirby. Occiput with a complete conspicuous fringe of white hair; apex of male abdomen more broadly truncate: size smaller, not over CB. ee ean aC S50" oy IP PRCA, SR darwini Ckll. 5. Large, about 15 mm. ; markings of abdomen pale blue. . tineta Ckll. Smaller, about 11 mm. ; markings of abdomen bright blue. beatissima Ckll. C. nove-hollandie Lep. was placed by F. Smith, in 1854, as a synonym of /amprosoma, and this has been uncritically fol- lowed by later anthors. It may also be remarked that C. emarginata Lep. (type locality Port Pralin, New Ireland) is a species with shining blue markings, and appears to have been wrongly interpreted by Bingham and Friese. ~ Feb.,’07]. «=: ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47 The Identity of Thecla calanus and edwardsi. By HENRY SKINNER. Some time ago Mr. Edward D. Keith, of Providence, R. I., sent me some butterflies to name, and among them were some . Theclas which I believe I determined to be calanus. Mr. Keith said he thought they were edwardsz, and this led me to investigate these two so-called species. In my collection I have my specimens named, as near as may be, in accordance with the literature and lists, and, as occasion or interest in ‘special ones demand, I try to get them nearer to nature. To elucidate these problems we need large series of specimens with accurate data. I am indebted to Dr. James Fletcher for specimens of edwardsi from places in Canada and to Mr. H. H. Brehme for a number of ca/anus from New Jersey. In alj I had before me 73 specimens, and, assuming some light col- ored ones from London and Toronto, Canada, were edwardsi, I divided the lot on the basis of color—dark ones as calanus and light ones as edwardsi. This gave 45 calanus, 27 $ and 18 9, and 28 edwardsi, 18 $ and 10 9. The brick-red spot at anal angle of secondaries above is not usually present. Three ¢ and 5 ? calanus have it, and 6 ¢ and 5 2 edwardsi. The color of the wings in the lots provisionally divided into py edwardsi and calanus varies among the individuals. The extra- Be mesial band on the primaries below has been supposed by Mr. S. H. Scudder * to supply the character by which the two can be separated. In about 40 ca/anus this band consists of a dark line (slightly darker than ground color of wing) with outer edge narrowly white. This may be said to be divided into nearly quadrate spots by the nerves. In five specimens these spots become more or less oblong. In edwardsz 21 are quadrate and 7 oblong. A typical specimen of either calanus or edwardsi has a lunate red spot on secondaries below, and I find in some _ cases such may extend along the marginal band until there are _ four. The little patch of red on inner margin of secondaries _ below may be present or absent, and has no significance. The _ mesial band of primaries is variable, and I see absolutely no _ differential characters in it. The distribution of a species is __ * Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, 272, 1870, SR a ea te patos 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’07 always interesting and instructive, and I therefore give the localities of the specimens and dates of capture so far as they exist on the pin labels. Calanus. Nashville, Tenn., vi, 8; Beulah, Manitoba, vii, 16; vii, 28; Ohio; Runnels Co., Tex., v, 10; Wilmington, N.C., vi, 5; Philadelphia, Pa., vi, 10; viii, 24; Lake George, Fla. ; Colorado; Newark, N. J., vii, 4; Elmwood, R. I., viii, 8; Jacksonville, Fla., v, 5; Atlanta, Ga.; Toronto, Ont., vi, 20; vii, 9; Beulah, New Mex., vii, 16. Edwardsi. Minneapolis, Minn., vii, 8; Iowa; Toronto, Ont., vii, 9; vii, 23; Platte Canyon, Colo., vi, 23; Canaden- sis, Pike Co., Pa., viii, 12; London, Ont. ; Chicago, IIL, vi, 4; Round Mountain, Blanco Co., Tex., v, 17. The distribu- tion does not show anything conclusive. Among the lot sent by Dr. Fletcher are dark specimens taken at Toronto by Arthur Gibson on same dates as light ones. Moreover, most of the Canadian specimens are somewhat old and flown, and would therefore be lighter in color. The specimens exhibit the usual variation in size found in all butterflies. My conclusions are that under the names ca/anus and edwardsi we have but one species. My division into dark specimens (ca/anus) and light specimens (edwards?) was for purposes of study. For sake of © brevity I have mot gone into the general synonymy of the names treated. | Notes on American Hemiptera. By E. BercrotH, M.D., Duluth, Minn. IIlI.—The Acanthosomatinz of North America.* ° In his ‘‘ Check-list’’ (1886) Uhler enumerates five North American species of this subfamily. By placing three of them as synonyms Van Duzee has reduced this number to two in his ‘* Annotated List of the Pentatomidze Recorded from America North of Mexico’’ (1904), but he describes one new species — and one new variety. All the North American species are placed in the genus Acanthosoma by these authors. Since my moving over to this side of the Atlantic, I have had occasion to examine most of the American forms of this group, and find * Nos. I. and II. have been published in the Canadian Entomologist. ——s a ie ae Feb., ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 49 that the genus Acanthosoma does not occur in America at all, the species referred to this genus by the American authors belonging to other genera. That they have not hitherto been correctly located may partly be due to the circumstance that the palearctic genera of this subfamily have been badly mixed up in the catalogue of Lethierry and Severin. By aid of the following characters our species are easily located : Acanthosoma Curt.—Mesosternal lamina not prolonged back- ward. Mesosternum at the base behind the lamina a little elevated; the elevated part longitudinally excavated or sul- cated (Old World genus). Elasmostethus Fieb., Stal.—Mesosternal lamina prolonged backward between or behind the middle coxee. Posterior lat- eral margins of the pronotum neither depressed nor ampliated. Posterior angles of pronotum obtuse, not projecting backwards. Orificia long, about three times as long as the distance between their apex and the anterior angle of the metasternum. To this genus belong (1) cruciatus Say, (2) atricornis V. Duz., (3) cooleyi V. Duz., which I have not seen. It is de- scribed as a variety of cruciatus, but, judging from the descrip- tion, I think there can be no doubt that it is a different species. Elasmucha Stal ( Clinocoris Hahn).—Mesosternal lamina as in Elasmostethus. Posterior lateral margins of the pronotum > depressed and ampliated. Posterior anglesof pronotum angu- larly projecting backwards. Orificia rather short, less than twice as long as the distance between their apex and the ante- rior angle of the metasternum. To this genus belongs (4) /ateralis Say. The name Clinoco- vis cannot be accepted for this genus, being pre-occupied by Fallén for the bedbug. , According to Distant, A picicolor Westw., described from an unknown locality, isa synonym of /ateralis Say ; but Horvath, who has also examined Westwood’s type, says that it is the | _ same species as the palearctic fieberi Jak. Both these authors may be right, for it is not impossible that /vederi will prove to fe be identical with the nearctic /ateralis. I have no specimen _ of fieberi here for comparison, and must leave this question unsettled. Distant has described an Acanthosoma flammata 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’07 from Mexico. From the quite inadequate description it is impossible to say to what genus it belongs, but it is very un- likely that it is an Acanthosoma. IV.—On Two Reduviide from British Guiana. Repipta spinosa Fabr. Mr. Van Duzee has communicated to me specimens of this (or a very closely allied) species.. In describing the types in his ‘‘ Hemiptera Fabriciana’’ Stal placed Zelus spinosus Fabr. and sexdens Fabr. in the genus Repipta Stal, but later, when the types were not before him, he removed them to the genus Corcia Stal, apparently with some hesitation. They are, however, much better placed in Repipia. Diaditus pilosicornis n. sp. Testaceous, membrane and inner part of corium pale grayish; the ocelliferous tubercle, the rostrum, two median pronotal vittz coalescing on the anterior lobe ; a sublateral basal streak to scutellum ; an abbrevi- ated claval streak ; a streak near the inner apical angle of the corium and a shorter outer streak in front of the discoidal cell ; two somewhat obscure longitudinal fascize to the meso- and metapleura ; two elongate spots, the posterior of which is shorter, to the lateral margins of the abdominal seg- ments, and a sublateral ventral vitta, fuscous ; a large triangular poste- riorly sinuated spot on the discoidal cell; an irregular abbreviated basal streak on the inner basal cell of the membrane ; a small basal spot and a broad vitta, sinuated anteriorly and strongly narrowing posteriorly, on the outer basal cell of the membrane, very close to the external margin, velvety brownish black ; the other parts of the membrane mottled with pale fuscous ; apex of femora and of tibiz and the tarsi infuscated ; head with the apical processes starting from a common base, somewhat re- flexed, not quite reaching the middle third of first antennal joint, sepa- rated by a very narrow subparallel interstice, with the internal margin straight and the external margin distinctly longitudinally convex ; ocelli placed on the outer side of a raised, rounded tubercle, which is longitu- dinally sulcate in the middle; interocular space on the underside some- what broader than the rostrum (<) ; first joint of antenne a little longer than the distance between the interocular furrow and the apex of the antenniferous tubercle; glabrous; second joint twice as long as first, longly erectly pilose ; third and fourth joints short, finely pilose ; fourth longer than third; pronotum rectangular at apex, with two obtuse keels somewhat diverging backwardly in the hind lobe; lateral angles acute, a little raised and distinctly prominent; scutellum horizontal at apex; hemelytra almost reaching the middle of the last dorsal segment (<'); abdomen (.¥') with the last dorsal segment rounded, rather broadly and Feb., ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51 deeply sinuate at apex ; carinated on the under side from its base to the apex of the fifth segment; second male genital segment four times as ’ long as first, sinuate at apex. Length, (11.5 mm. » Demerara (R. J. Crew). Akin to D. hirticornis Champ., but it is larger ; the frontal spines are not divergent; the first antennal joint is much shorter ; the lateral angles of the pronotum are more acute and prominent, and the last dorsal segment of the male is dif- ferently shaped. This is the insect referred to by Van Duzee in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1901, p. 350, as Narvesus sp. N. B.—The allied Australian genus Agy//a Stal must bear the later name TZhelocoris Mayr, the first name being pre- occupied (Walker, Lepidoptera, 1854). = The Bees of Nebraska.—I. FAMILY PANURGIDZ. Genus PERDITA F. Smith. By Myron H. Swenx anp T. D. A. CocKERELL. 1. Perdita albipennis Cresson. This species.is present over the entire State, specimens from Sioux County, Bridgeport, Haigler, Springview, Carns, West Point, Lincoln and Nebraska City having been examined. It flies from June 23 to September 14, visiting abundantly the flowers of Helianthus annuus and allied species, but is to be found on Solidago, Grindelia and Rudbeckia also. 2. Perdita lacteipennis n. sp. 9.—Length, 9-10 mm.—Head and thorax blue-green, the former ele- ment predominating on head and metathorax, the latter on mesothorax, which has also an neous tinge. Ends of mandibles, a narrow cuneate mark in the middle of the otherwise unmarked, shiny and sparsely punctured clypeus, a quadrate mark on each side of the face between the clypeus and the eye, a line on scape in front, a line on prothorax, a very large spot on tubercles, all of the knees and a broad stripe down the front of anterior tibiz, yellow. Flagellum reddish testaceous beneath. Wings milky white, nervures and stigma pallid. Tegule pale. Abdomen black, the first segment with a large spot on each Side, segments 2-5 crossed by very broad yellow bands, the first two sub-basal, oblique, and strongly notched on the posterior margin (some- times completely narrowly interrupted), the last two submedian, trans- “52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 07 verse and continuous. Pygidium brown. . Pubescence of head and thorax short, erect and white, densest on the cheeks and pleura, grayish white on the legs, the hair on last three abdominal segments and the ventral fringe ochraceous gray. o.—Length 8-9 mm.—Black, the head and thorax strongly reflecting blue, only the mandibles, a narrow line on’ front of scape, knees and a variably-sized stripe on anterior tibie yellow; tarsi brownish; pygidium abruptly yellow; apical margins of the segments depressed, impunctate, steely. Types: Pair taken in copula, Niobrara, Nebraska, August 13, 1902, on Helianthus annuus (M. H. Swenk). There are also 49 female and 71 male paratypes from Long Pine, Carns, Neligh,. Springview, Glen, Crawford, Warbonnet Canon, Im- perial and Haigler, Nebraska, thus representing the entire northwestern half of the State. While most frequent on Helianthus, this species visits also, but not frequently, the flowers of Rudbeckia, Petalostemon violaceus, Campanula petiolata, Medicago sativa, Carduus altissimus and Verbena sp. It flies from June 23 to August 25.. Perdita lacteipennis is quite close to P. albipennis, but differs at once in its larger size and in a reduction of the yellow mark- ings. The male of albipennis may easily be told by its yellow markings on clypeus and sides of face (completely lacking in| lacteipennis), much broader stripe on front of scape and on anterior tibiz, larger knee spots, more yellowish flagellum and - yellow tarsi; the female of albipennis has the apical margin of the clypeus yellow, in addition to the median cuneate mark, more yellow on scape and legs, and much narrower abdominal bands. One would be inclined to consider it merely a variety of albipennis were it not for the fact that in western Nebraska both species occur together and are yet perfectly distinguish- able, lacteipennis running out eastwardly so that albipennis occurs alone in eastern Nebraska. 3. Perdita laticincta n. sp. ; ?.—Length about 5 mm.—Head and mesothorax brassy-green, the prothorax and metathorax blue. Clypeus black, with a large subpyri- form yellow spot occupying most of the median area, the sides of face between the clypeus and eye with a small quadrate yellow spot, which sometimes extends up a short distance along the orbit, the mandibles and a spot on tubercles also yellow. Scape in front and flagellum 4 d | ts ——— Feb., ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 below yellowish. Tegule yellow. Wings milky white, the nervures _ and stigma pallid. All of the knees and the front face of the anterior tibie yellow, legs otherwise brownish black. Abdomen brownish black, all of the segments except the last, crossed by very broad, sub- basal, yellow bands, the first three notched medially on the posterior margin. Pygidium and venter brownish black. Pubescence short, erect, pure white, densest on cheeks, pleura and as fringes on the last three abdominal segments. é—Length 4-5 mm.—Mandibles, labrum, a line half way up posterior margin of eye orbit, clypeus, supraclypeal area, sides of face in a broad line extending far beyond insertion of antennze and ending truncately, scap2 and all except a portion of upper surface of flagellum, deep yel- low, the dog’s-ear marks contrastingly black. A line on prothorax extending to large spots on the tubercles, yellow. All the knees, the front face of all the femora and of first four tibiz and anterior tarsi within yellow. Abdomen five-banded as in 9, the two last segments dark. Otherwise like 9. Types: Glen, Sioux County, Nebraska, August 20, 1906, on Helianthus petiolaris (H. S. Smith), 2 ¢. Paratypes: 23 2 @ and 49 é ¢ from the type locality, Warbonnet Canon, Crawford, Niobrara and Neligh, Nebraska. This species flies from July 12 to August 24, and though pri- marily a visitor of Helianthus, it occasionally strays to the flowers of Solidago missouriensis and Melilotus alba also. It is very distinct in its markings and has no close relative. In the tables of Perdita in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. the 2 runs to bigeloviae and the ¢ to sphaeralceae var., but it is not either of those. 4 Perdita nebrascensis n. sp. 9—Length 6 mm.—Head, prothorax and mesothorax neous green _ marked with yellow, the metathorax abruptly blue. A basal trilobate clypeal mark (the lateral lobes being very small and short, the median one large and broad), the supraclypeal area, subtriangular lateral face- marks running up contiguous to the orbits and terminating acutely just beyond level of insertion of antenne, spot at base of mandibles, whole scape and the flagellum beneath, a large spot on tubercles, first four tarsi, their tibe inside ‘and below, and all the knees, yellow. Tegulz yellow. Wings hyaline, their nervures dark, the stigma pale centrally. Abdomen black, the middle of segment 1 with a narrow, medially inter- rupted yellow band, the base of segments 2-5 with similar narrow transverse bands, continuous but not attaining the lateral margins of the segments, the last one very narrow, the pygidium pale. Venter 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ’07 brown, the segments broadly edged with testaceous. Pubescence all pure white, longest on cheeks, pleura and tip of abdomen. 3.—Length 5.5-6 mm.—A streak contiguous to lower half of posterior orbits, mandibles, labrum, whole of face up to one-third the distance between insertion of antennz and anterior ocellus, and farther laterally, whole of antennz except a dorsal spot on pedicel, a line on prothorax connecting with the spot on tubercles, four anterior legs except broad lines on tibiz and femora behind, posterior coxe, trochanters, femora in front and all the knees, bright yellow. Abdomen with yellow bands in middle of 1 and bases of 2-5, broader than in 2, usually all medially interrupted or notched, the last ones broadly so, segment 6 dark, venter pale yellowish. Otherwise like the 9. Head round, face and whole of thorax hairy. Types: Neligh, Nebraska, August 7, 1901, on Helianthus (M: Cary), 2 ¢. Paratypes: 14 6 6; type lot, 9 ¢ ; type locality, July, 3 é ; Niobrara, Nebraska, August 13, 1902, on Helianthus (W. 1D. Preree), 2 3". This species is most closely allied to the recently described P. dallasiana Ckll., but differs from that species in larger size, deep yellow of face, less yellow on cheeks, no yellow marks on pleura and different abdominal markings. It looks much like P. sphaeralceae Ckll., especially the abdomen, but the head and thorax are quite different. The female runs in the tables — to P. bigeloviae var., but is not that species. 5. Perdita dolichocephala n. sp. - : 9.—Length, 6 mm.—Head and mesonotum dark metallic green, strongly and densely punctured, the prothorax, metathorax and pleura dark metallic blue and much more finely punctured. Face unusually long and narrow, with the inner margins of the orbits subparallel. Clypeus very sparsely and shallowly punctured, typically with a large median subpyriform area and lateral margins expanding into a spot in the lower corners, pale creamy yellow, but sometimes entirely black. Typically, also, with yellow lateral face marks running up along the orbits to terminate truncately at level of antenne and below swollen into a large spot, but these also sometimes lacking. Mandibles. usually yellow, sometimes black, labrum always black. Antenne dark, sometimes yellow for a short distance at extreme base. Tegulz pale, the wings clear and with pale nervures and stigma. Legs blackish except the anterior knees and inner surface of anterior tibiz, which are yellow. Abdomen varying from black to brownish-black, the bases of the first three segments typically with two short yellow marks, one on each side, marking the rudiments of a semi-obsolete, widely inter- Feb., ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55 rupted band, these marks sometimes entirely absent. Venter black. Cheeks, occiput, pleura, legs and last three abdominal segments with long, erect, pure white hair, the clypeus, face and mesonotum with shorter and thinner pubescence. o.—Unknown. Type: Warbonnet Canon, Sioux County, Nebraska, July 23, 1901, on Helianthus (M. A. Carriker, Jr.), 1 2. Paratypes: Niobrara, Nebraska, August 13, 1902, on Helianthus (W. D. Pierce), 2 2. The three specimens placed here differ widely in their face and abdominal markings, but on close study prove to be but variations of a single very distinct species, characterized by the long head, which is suggestive of Conanthalictus. The type has well-developed face marks and abdominal marks, but one of the paratypes completely lacks all trace of face markings and has even better developed abdominal marks than the type, while the other paratype has the face marked like the type, but lacks any abdominal marking. 6. Ferdita fallax Cockerell. This species has been taken only in Sioux County, where it flies from June 27 to August 109, visiting a small species of Helianthus and also, though less commonly, Gutierresia saro- thrae. A series of 14 females and 15 males was collected in Warbonnet Canon, July 12, 1901, on a.small Helianthus, and the occurrence of so many at the same time on the same flowers leaves no doubt as to the correct matching of the sexes. The - females, while not typical, are so close to fallax that no separa- a tion from that species can be justified, while the males prove af to be unquestionably the same as the type of P. erigeronis Ckll., Studies in Certain Cicada Species. By Joun B. Smit and Joun A. GRossBECK. Plates III, IV, V. This study originated in the desire of the senior author to ‘prepare for his annual report an account of the periodical Cicada, a brood of which was due to appear in New Jersey, in 1906, and incidentally, to call attention to the other species that occurred within the limits of the State. Messrs. Davis and Joutel had just published their notes in EnromMoLocicaL NEws, | Vol. XVII, page 237, and the junior author was assigned to the task of separating out our material which was fortunately quite rich, and to making such drawings and sketches as might be required to bring out the interesting features :—ovipositor, stridulating apparatus and the like. It was easy to separate the bulk of our material into the species recognized by Davis and Joutel, the more as Mr. Davis had used some of it in his work; but there remained a puzzling residue, part of which was eliminated when Prof. Osborn published his description of Cicada fulvula in ENtomMo.LocicaL News, Vol. XVII, page 322. None of the recent authors had seemed quite satisfied with the identification of pruinosa Say, and our own efforts to fit the specimens usually listed under that name to the descrip- tion were hardly more satisfactory. But we found among our puzzles a very few examples that did fit, perfectly: the descrip- tion as it stood might have been made from any one of them. But this left the common form nameless, unless some of the terms cited as synonyms of tibicen might really prove to be this form. The idea of including our study in the annual re- _ April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 117 a fhe: port was now abandoned and additional material sought for. ve As usual, the collections proved poor in the common species, _ but from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Brooklyn Institute Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, the Children’s Museum of Brooklyn, the U. S. National Museum at Washington, and from Messrs. W. T. Davis and E. Daecke we obtained series that enabled us to separate our species very nicely. It became necessary now to determine the form to which Linné’s term should be applied, and here another surprise was in store for us. The description of course fitted almost any Cicada; and the only pointer given by Linné himself was the reference to Merian’s Surinam, pl. 49, where we found a fair figure of a species totally different in appearance from what we had been calling tibicen. Running down the literature to ascertain how the species came to be identified with our Ameri- can type, we found that it rests upon a casual statement of Stal. The whole matter is interesting enough to warrant detail and both authors have been over some of the volumes to make sure of the facts. On the occasion of a recent visit to Washington, Mr. O. _ Heideman was good enough to show me the Cicada material from Central and South America, and there is nowhere any specimen that could be mistaken for our so-called tibicen, while there are several of a type resembling Madame Merian’s figure and among which I feel very confident the true tibicen may be identified. Mr. Heideman also showed me the works of Mr. _ Distant, and called my attention to the fact that in the “Bio- _ logia” tibicen was included only on the authority of Stal and not from any material identified with that species. C. tibicen was described by Linné in the Syst. Nat. ed., X, p. 426, in the most general terms; the Merian figure already cited was referred to, and “Habitat in America” was added for locality. In 1767, in the 12th edition of the same work, Vol. I, pt. 2, the description and reference were repeated and nothing was added to modify the original statement as to locality. In 1775, Fabricius in the Syst. Ent., 679, places the Cicada 118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [April, ’07 tibicen of Linné in Tettigonia, cites Merian’s Ins. of Surinam as before, and also Brown’s Jamaica, pl. 43, f. 15. This figure which has been examined by Mr. Grossbeck may or may not be a species of the forms we have called tibicen, but it certainly does not seem to be the species figured by Madame Merian. In 1778, De Geer, in his Insects, III, 212, pl. 32 (not 22 as usually cited), figures his lyricen. He cites tibicen Linn. as the same species, and credits Mme. Merian with the name lyricen or “lierman.” He adds to his diagnosis the statement that the species is found in America “septentrionale” as well as “meridionale” and gives a detailed description of his material from New Jersey and Pennsylvania both as larva and adult, including the singing and egg-laying habits of the adult. There is no doubt that De Geer had a North American insect before him and there is no reasonable doubt that this was the exact form that Prof. Osborn has so recently described as C. fulvula. The figure is excellent and the description is accurate in all details. There can be no reasonable doubt as to the identity of lyricen De G, In 1790, Olivier in the’Enc. Meth., 749, refers to tibicen Linn., cites lyricen De Geer as a synonym, and quotes Merian as to the habits of the species and the damage done in coffee plantations. As a new species he describes C. opercularis from the Isle of Java and cites Stoll, pl. 13, A and B, for a representation of the species. This figure of Stoll is utterly unlike anything that I know from North America, and is certainly incapable of being twisted into a resemblance to our “tibicen’”’ or even the tibicen of Linné. In 1794, Fabricius in the Ent. Syst., IV, 18, again refers to tibicen, as before, but adds the reference to De Geer, giving America meridionale as the habitat, On p. 19 he describes Tettigonia variegata, habitat in Carolina, just after septen- decim, and says of it that it is of the size and build of the preceding, i. e., septendecim. There is nothing in this, and nothing in the subsequent description that refers to any resem- blance or relation to ttbicen, In 1803, Fabricius in the Syst. Rhyng., p. 35, cites tibicen — : April, 07) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 119 as before, and again gives America meridionale as the habitat. _ To this is added, in the Academy copy, in Say’s handwriting, “St. Paulo, Brasilia, Germar,” indicating that some effort has. been made to identify this with a South American form. At p. 37, variegata is again described, placed as before and recorded from Carolina. Tn 1825, Say described his pruinosa, knowing of the Fabri- cian and Linnzan species; but what forms he identified with the names I have no means of knowing. In 1830, Germar gives in Thon’s Archiv., II, p. 40 et seq., a descriptive list of Cicadids in which he refers to variegata Fabr., describes it at some length, and cites Roesel’s Ins., pl. XXY\V, f. 5, as representative of the species. Roesel’s figure, unfortunately, tells nothing. It is not well drawn for identification and may be meant for any one of half a dozen or more species. It is said to be an “Indian” variety, but this may mean American as used. Germar also refers to opercularis Oliv., gives Java as the habitat, and then adds that he believes it to be a variety of variegata in spite of the difference in locality. He cites Stoll’s figure as usual and there is at least one important hint in this, because Stoll’s figure does resemble septendecim in gen- eral build, and the Fabrician comparative reference is there- fore in so far confirmed. Walker’s work in 1857 adds little to our knowledge, but he makes lyricen De G., pruinosa Say and mannifera Linn. syno- nyms of tibicen, while recording opercularis as a species un- known to him. In 1869, Stal in his Hemiptera Fabriciana, II, 6, cites the tibicen of Linné, gives all the Fabrician references, adds as an additional synonym opercularis Oliv., gives America meridion- alis as habitat and then comments :—this species inhabits boreal America. Since that time matters have remained much as Stal left them. In 1841, Dr. Harris described canicularis in “Insects Injurious to Vegetation,” p. 175, but Fitch disposes of that species in his Third Report in 1856. He says pruinosa is tibicen with the mealy powder not rubbed off, and caviicularis is only a 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 small pruinosa. He quite correctly calls attention to the varia- tion in the opercular plates and says they are not good bases for specific separation. In 1892, Uhler in the Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., p. 149, makes canicularis a good species, but cites under ftbicen, the names lyricen, variegata, opercularis and pruinosa as synonyms. He states that according to Germar the true tibicen is the common form figured by Stoll, and that Olivier’s species having been described from that figure must be a synonym. The most recent list of species is by McGillivray in the Can. Ent., XX XIII, p. 74, in which Uhler is followed as to tibicen, without original study of the problem. The conclusions drawn from this study of the literature are that C. tibicen L. is not a North American species at all; but that, based on Merian’s figure, it is a common Central and South American species. What we have called tibicen is an un- described species. C. opercularis Oliv. is a Javan form for which there is absolutely no evidence. that warrants us in iden- tifying it with any American species. C. variegata Fabr. is an ally of septendecim which has not yet been identified in collections. Lyricen De G. has been redescribed as C. fulvula. De Geer’s belief that he had the same form as Linné is based on nothing better than a general similarity. © The notes on structure and the specific descriptions are by the junior author, though all points have been verified by both authors. It seems strange that such large and common insects should have received so little careful attention. In most of the col- lections seen by us there were from two to five, and in one instance nine, species under the name fibicen. It would have been difficult to definitely separate the species in any one col- lection without additional material, and so from a number of sources something over two hundred and fifty specimens taken at many points in the eastern United States and a few from the western and southwestern portions were gathered together. Having established the identity of Say’s pruinosa and reached the conclusion that tibicen did not occur in North America at all, the description and figure of lyricen left no wee 1, Genitalia of C. mare 4, C. davisi nov. sp.; 5. C. cantcularis H indet , from below; censis Em ; inata Say ; 2, C. pruinosa Say; 3. T hieroglvphica Say; arris, from side; 6, from below; 7, C. sp. 8, same, from side ; ; 1, 7. septendecim Linn.; 1 9, C. similaris nov. sp.; 10. T. novebora- 2, C. lyricen DeG. Ent. News, Vou. XVIII. Pl. IV. — -- _proehimeron mesoepislernum Taepimeron or opercula 1, C. pruinosa from beneath, the appendages removed and thoracic sclerites named ; 2, abdo- men of typical C Unnei, with opercula attached ; 3, C. canicularis; 4, C. lyricen; 5, C. sayi; 6, C. davisi; 7, st and 2nd ventral abdominal segments of typical C. innei; 8, C. canicularis ; 9. C. sayi; 10, C. lyricen; 11, C. marginata; 12, T septendecim; 13, T. hieroglyphica. ~ Ar ae Ba? ‘ - nk lp Ne + pe ll ALE tl rm sisiattieier mn int ee - - Rear idnsinabinannalaaene eon Aa narra ann *58« ; i Hi is sibel Maarten erty weer. 6 5 1, Operculum of C. marginata; 2, 7. septendecim; 3, T. hieroglyphica; 4, last ventral segment of C. marginata; 5, 7. septendecim; 6, T. hieroglyphica; 7, oviposi- itor of C. marginata; 8, C. linnei; 9, T. septendecim; 10, tip of ovipositor of C. septendecim, linnei; 11, T. septendecim; 12, one of the side pieces of the tip of ovipositor of 7. April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 121 doubt as to the species intended and consequently C. fulvula Osborn falls into synonymy. Canicularis Harris is sufficiently ) well characterized to enable the species to be recognized with eS certainty. Having thus disposed of or identified all the pub- lished names we are free to name all other forms that are — specifically distinct from them. fe Cicada linnei is proposed for the species which has so long been known as fibicen. Cicada sayi is proposed for the form hitherto erroneously known as pruinosa. Cicada davisi, so called in honor of Mr. Wm. T. Davis, whose article induced the present critical study, is proposed for a very distinct little species which has been confused with canicularis. Cicada similaris is proposed for a Floridan species, close to lyricen in general appearance, but widely variant in genitalic structure. There are other species under our observation from the U.S. N. M. collection, which will eventually have to be named ; but which we do not describe, partly because of the scant ma- terial at hand and principally because they are quite without the __ scope set for this study. The genitalia of one of these species _ from Mexico is figured, pl. III, f. 7 and 8, to illustrate the amount of variation displayed by members of the tibicen group. ‘There is considerable difference between species in a number _ of structural details, but most of them are subject to some _ Variation. These differences may be used to good advantage _ for the separation of species, though in a few cases the variation is so great as to leave almost no definite line of demarcation between closely allied species when only one character is used. For the purposes of specific separation no structures are of _ more importance than the male genitalia, which in the Cicadids are large, strongly chitinized and easily examined. They are absolutely constant in form, however subtile certain processes may be, and are always to be relied upon. The uncus shows the greatest diversity of form. In the usual type it is broad above, with parallel lateral margins, and from the side is narrow, slightly constricted a short distance from the base, and 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 there tapered evenly to the apex. From the side it may appear pointed as in canicularts, pl, III, fig. 5; or capitate as in margi- nata, fig, 1; or subapically dilated as in davisi, fig. 4. In similaris, fig. 9, it has two spinelike processes on the under side, which togetner show as one from the side. An extreme form from Mexico (sp. indet.) is represented in figures 7 and 8, where it takes the form of a pair of curved horns. The large side pieces also show some difference in shape, though less than in the uncus. | The opercula afford good characters. Usually they vary but little, the single instance of great variability being in canicularis, which merges into the opposite extreme of linnei. Even the color of these structures is of some importance. The first and second abdominal segments below are in- timately united and appear almost as one, the first bordering the anterior margin of the second. Taken together they differ considerably in the various species, the greatest variability in any one species again showing in canicularis. The figures of linnei and canicularis, pl. IV, figures 7 and 8, though drawn to one scale, represent large and small specimens, respectively— the average size of each species—with size eliminated, the dif- ference is not as great as at first appears; consequently, the amount of variation needed to bring the two forms together is not really so great. The last ventral abdominal Segment, used by Davis and Joutel in their separation of linnei (tibicen), canicularis and sayi (pruinosa), are also of value. The thoracic sclerites offer practically no differences in shape within generic limits. We have lettered these sclerites (pl. IV, fig. 1), using pruinosa for this purpose, but the result is not entirely satisfactory and some changes may have to be made. The prosternum lying between the front coxz is hidden beneath the lower part of the head. The mesosternum is a large, broadly pentagonal sclerite, just anterior to and partly between the second pair of cox. In the prothorax, the large lateral pieces, immediately posterior to and at the sides of the front coxe, are an inflexure of the pronotum, The two small scler- ites posterior to it represent the propleural sclerites—the proe- pisternum and the proepimeron. Both pleural pieces of the April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123 mesothorax occupy their proper places and are very little modi- fied. The association of the names with sclerites is somewhat doubtful in the metathorax, and the notes here given are to induce observation. Dr. Sharp, in the Cambridge Natural History, speaks of the opercula as enlargements of the mete- pimera, and we have so designated them. In the structure of the female we merely show the ovipositors of a few species—marginata, linnei and septendecim. ‘The differences between them are not great; in marginata the basal portions are proportionately much larger than in linnei, which is taken as the type form, and the apical portions correspond- ingly shorter ; in septendecim the structure is much as in linnei, but the entire organ is proportionately shorter. One of the side pieces of the tip of the ovipositor of septendecim is figured, highly magnified to show the hooks by which the splint is Pulled out from the slit made in the twig. ee , 33 mm., to tip of wing 49 mm.; 9, 30 mm.,, to tip of wing 48 bet--Head black, anterior margin on each side of clypeus and ‘posterior margin between ocelli and compound eyes green; center of portion of clypeus with an elliptical green spot. Pronotum largely green, with two broad black marks beginning at anterior margin and becoming attenuated posteriorly where they join, inclosing a green, _ Somewhat diamond-shaped spot; two other marks originate back of eyes and curve posteriorly toward the center; posterior and lateral margins wholly green. Mesonotum green, with black marks distributed as follows: On each side of center, beginning at anterior margin, is a broad mark which becomes slightly narrower and rounded posteriorly and ends before middle; a second mark narrowly separated from the first begins broadly at anterior margin, becomes greatly attenuated and sometimes divides as it proceeds posteriorly, then broadens abruptly and terminates just before the posterior margin; a third near the lateral margin begins as before and joins the second mark posteriorly; in center of posterior portion of mesonotum is a large mark, rounded pos- teriorly and extending in a point between the two central marks of -the anterior portion. Abdomen above black, base of first segment with a white, heavily pruinose lateral dash, which encroaches to some extent upon the second segment; a similar but longer and broader lateral dash extends along the base of the third segment and a spot of the same color is on each side of the eighth segment. In the female the dash of the second segment differs from that of the male in not becoming 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 attenuated dorsally, but in being squarely truncated; the spot on the seventh segment also extends on to the following segment—that which ensheaths the ovipositor—and is apparent from above. Beneath the abdomen is pruinose on pleura and sides of sternum, the central por- tion shining black. The opercula are as broad as long, excluding the extension beyond. the coxal cavity, and overlap slightly in the center. Habitat.—Anglesea, September 8th; Cape May County, Sep- tember 20th, and Bayside, October 21st,—all in New Jersey. This is the most invariable of the species before us, as far as can be judged from the eight examples (7 ¢ and I ?) studied. The thoracic markings are well defined and illustrate the type of maculation of this group. The abdominal ornamen- tation also is identical in all specimens of one sex. Cicada sayi nov. sp... Length.—d', 30-35 mm., to tip of wings 45-53 mm.; 9, 28-34 mm., to tip of wings 43-51 mm.—Head black, except for a small green spot just inside the compound eyes; upper portion of clypeus usually all black, Pronotum green, with two marks, sometimes broken, which begin broadly on anterior margin, become narrow and join posteriorly, forming a distinct V; lateral and posterior margins usually black, sometimes with a green spot on each side of the center of the latter, which may broaden or lengthen or, rarely, involve the whole margin save for a small central and lateral mark. Mesonotum black, with a fulvous background showing more or less plainly and the maculation always partaking of the general pattern described ‘for pruinosa. Ab- domen black, with a large white pruinose spot on each side of the first segment. Beneath, the entire body excluding the legs, heavily pruin- ose. The opercula are very large, longer than broad and overlap con- siderably in the center. The genitalia are similar to that figured for C. fulvula; the uncus dilated and truncated apically. Habitat.—Ranges from New York southward to Alabama, and westward to the Mississippi River; in the vicinity of New York and New Jersey from mid-July to early October; Ken- tucky, May; Mississippi, early April. The dates for the Southern States are suggestive. This is undoubtedly the most common form in the eastern United States, and probably occurs from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico east of the Mississippi, though we have no specimens outside the range given above. It is the most robust species occurring in New Jersey. a er April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125 Cicada lyricen De Geer = fulvula Osborn. Fifteen specimens of each sex, which agree in the main with Professor Osborn’s description, are before us. With this number of individuals the range of variation is considerably beyond that given in his diagnosis. The pronotum in some is all black, except for a broad central line and the mesonotum in _ such is also black, with narrow fulvous lines indicating the usual pattern. In other examples fulvous is the predominating color, the black maculation being reduced; but the posterior and lateral borders of the pronotum are always black, except for -a small spot which is sometimes present near the head. Green occasionally replaces the fulvous and, rarely, both are present on the same insect, the fulvous occuping the lateral portions of the mesothorax, the green the remainder of the background. The narrow pruinose line at the base of the abdomen is more often than not separated into two lateral linear spots and is rarely absent. Beneath, the black polished center with lateral pruinose borders holds true in all specimens. The opercula are as broad as long and vary in shape posteriorly from founded or elliptical as described, to the more usual shape for this form, of a sub-quadrangle as shown in the figure. They __ are of a uniform pale brown color, quite different from the creamy yellow color, with black shadings, of most of the allied species. The genitalia are of the more usual form; the uncus much dilated and truncated apically. Habitat—New York to Florida and westward to Indiana; New York—Long Island and Staten Island, July to Sep- tember; New Jersey—Normanock, July; Newfoundland, July 28; Paterson, July 14; Newark, July 27; New Brunswick, Farmingdale, August 12; Mentone, Alabama, August 10; Georgiana and Archer, Florida, July. Cicada similaris nov. sp. Ps Length: $ 35 mm., to tip of wings 50 mm. This species is very close to C. lyricen, but the great differ- ence in the genitalia (pl. III, fig. 9) separates it at once from that species. The clasp or side piece is not very characteristic, but the uncus is curiously shaped like the head of a snake with expanded jaws, and from above the lower “jaw” is deeply i | _.— --. =» 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 cleft, dividing it into two lateral spines. The present form -differs further by the lateral border of the pronotum being largely green, which may, however, occur in lyricen by the enlargement of the green spot near the head, and by the slightly longer opercula which extend to the end of the third abdominal segment, the border of which is also more strongly reflexed. Otherwise it comes within the range of variation displayed by lyricen. Type: One male from Fernandina, Florida, collection U. S. National Museum. This may be the species which Professor Oshorn regarded as the possible male of his fulvula, since he speaks of the oper- cula having “a distinct reflexed border,’ while in the true fulvula they are not more strongly reflexed than in other species. Cicada canicularis Harris. Length.—d,. 27-30 mm., to tip of wings 40-44 mm.; 9, 26-27 mm., to tip of wings, 30-45 mm. The head and thoracic markings are much like those described for pruinosa, but the extreme lateral mark of the mesothorax rarely joins the sublateral one posteriorly. As a rule but little variation is shown, though in a few specimens the two central anterior marks combine, forming one large spot and each of the two lateral marks join in a like manner.. The posterior and lateral margins of the prothorax are green, as in the entire background of the thorax, —and rarely, in heavily marked examples, there is a tendency for the anterior portion to become black. Abdomen above black, with small. linear pruinose spots on the first segment in a few of the males only. Beneath, the center is highly polished’ black, with broad white pruinose borders. In the specimen from which the figure was made the pruinose border was removed, which shows the major portion of the pleura also black. The opercula in typical specimens are considerably broader than long and are usually dark brown or blackish, though variations run toward larger opercula which are also lighter in color. The uncus of the genitalia is slender when viewed from the side, tapers *:pically and is slightly. swollen in the center. Habitat.—From Nova Scotia and Lake St. George, Quebec, westward to Wisconsin and Iowa and southward to Washing- ton, D. C.; mid-August to mid-October. - This form probably occurs throughout the northern United States east of the Mississippi River. eh a April, *07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127 Cicada linnei nov sp Length, 31-34 mm., to tip of wings 45-50 mm., ¢, 29-33 mm., to tip of wings 44-48 mm. This species has been regarded as the tibicen of Linneus. Typical specimens are widely different from specimens typical of canicularis, but occasional examples occur which are almost intermediate and are difficult to place correctly. In the large number of both species be- fore us, however, the few such forms compared with the large number which are recognized at a glance leaves small room for doubt as to there being two species. Linnei differs from canicularis chiefly as follows: By the greater size of the individuals and the more promi- nent eyes; by the thoracic markings, the component parts of the pattern of which are not so closely set as in canicularis, thus showing 2 greater amount of the green background; by the comparatively larger size of the basal spots of the abdomen of the male (there are none in the female); in the greater comparative length of the second abdominal segment of the male, and in the longer opercula, which are usually as long as broad and almost always light in color. The genitalia are like canicularis. There are a few male examples in the series before us which lack the pruinose spots at base of the abdomen, but these seem to have been in alcohol, which causes the disappearance _ of such spots. Habitat——This has probably the same range as canicularis ; specimens before us show its occurrence from Boston, Massa- chusetts, westward to Michigan and Illinois, and southward to Tennessee and Black Mountains, North Carolina, early August to mid-September: Cicada davisi nov. sp. Length—¢ and 9 29-31 mm., to tip of wings 42-45 mm.—Head black, anterior margin betwen the eyes and clypeus and a spot in the center of the clypeus green. Pronotum including posterior and. lateral margins green except for a single pair of black marks which begin at the anterior margin immediately behind the eyes, become sud- denly broad, then taper posteriorly, but do not join as usually do the corresponding marks in canicularis; the dilation also begins much farther from the anterior margin, which in canicularis is so close as to be separated only by a narrow line of green; the space between the pronotal sulcus and the posterior margin is much longer than in canicularis. The mesonotum has markings similar to canicularis, but the median posterior spot is much shorter, leaving a broad space of green; the two lateral pairs of marks are fused together. The abdomen is black, without white spots at the base. Beneath it is 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 pale yellowish, probably pruinose in fresh specimens, with a narrow black portion in the center and the pleura also are sometimes black. The opercula are about as broad as long, rather convex and uniformly pale yellowish in color. The uncus of the genitalia is stout and dilated subapically. Brot Types: 6 and 9, in the collection of the New Jersey Experiment Station; co-types in U. S. N. M., and Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia. Described from five males land three females; Anglesea, N. J., August 25th; Paterson, N. J., September 4th; Miami, Florida, August 13th, Georgiana, Florida. This is a very distinct species hitherto confused with cani- cularis. It may be separated at once from that species by the greater width of that portion of the pronotum posterior to the transverse sulcuS, by the shape of the black marks on the anterior portion of the pronotum and by the comparatively narrow black central portion on the under side of the abdomen. Cicada marginata Say. This, the remaining species of Cicada—using the term within generic limits—in New Jersey, is so distinct from any- thing else that a detailed description of it at this time is unnecessary. It may be recognized by its large size, averaging — over 40 mm. to tip of abdomen, and over 60 rid to tip of wings, and its exceedingly robust form. The thoracic mark- ings illustrate the general type of maculation, and the body above as well as below is largely pruinose. The opercula of the male are broader than long, pale green covered with white, pruinose and the anal abdominal segment below is considerably broader than long. The male genitalia are chunky, with the uncus knobbed at the apex. It occurs commonly in the southern portions of New Jersey, more rarely northernwardly, and is recorded from New York to the Gulf States and as far west as Utah. Plate III, figures 7 and 8, illustrate the genitalia of a Mexi- can species of Cicada, which we have not attempted to identify and present merely to show the variation of the structure in the genus: The specimens were sent from the U. S. N. M., with the tibicen, and were labelled C. opercularis Oliv., which, of April, ’07) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 129 course, they are not. It probably represents a new species. In Plate 1, figure 10, we figure the genitalia of Tibicen novaboracensis Emmons, a distinct and well-marked species and not a synonym of rimosa, as Uhler contends. It may, however, prove to be the same as T. canadensis Prov., upon further study. The specimen was taken in the Catskill Moun- tains, July 6th, by Mr. R. F. Pearsall and kindly given us. Studies of Thecla irus Godart and T. henrici Grote and Robinson. By Henry SKINNER. In this journal, page 45, Vol. 18, I stated my belief that these two names represented one variable species. The state- ment made there has brought me additional material and has led me to again investigate the subject. Having been an ardent collector in the field for many years, and also having accumu- lated a large lot of material and also having determined many. specimens for others, I have never been able to make out two species, one for each of the above names. _Henrici is described in the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., p. 174, Vol. 1., 1867. The habitat is given as from “Atlantic District (Maine! to Pennsylvania!)” a specimen from Maine is mentioned “which does not differ from a number of specimens from the vicinity of Philadelphia, except in that the secondaries show a very few white scales, very narrowly arranged, edging the secondaries linearily along external margin.” They also say, “This species is intermediate between Thecla augustus Kirby (T. augustinus Westw.) and Thecla irus, as illustrated by Boisduval and Leconte, and is apparently associated geographically with the former.” It would, therefore, seem logical to think that henrici was be- lieved to be a new species because it differed from the figure of irus given by Boisduval and Leconte. I do not believe that the authors knew any T. irus in nature. As Thecla irus, Bois- duval and Leconte, Hist. Gen. des. Lep. et des Chen., pl. 31, figs. 5 and 6, give a somewhat crude representation of a butter- fly that has rather a wide distribution over the United States. The figures show a somewhat larger butterfly than the henrici 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 of Grote and Robinson, and they say henrici is smaller than irus. Coleman T. Robinson presented his collection to the American Museum of Natural History, in New York. Mr. William Beutenmuller, curator of entomology of the insti- tution, published a list of the types in the Robinson collection,* and records that of T. henrici. While I had very little doubt of the identity of irus and henrici, I wished to have a speci- men compared with the type and also have certain questions answered in relation to it. Mr. Beutenmuller has very kindly sent me the following information : “The type of henrici is apparently a female (body one), It has no stigma on the upper side of the forewing. It has tails on the hind wings like your Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4. Our type agrees with your No, 1 in color and markings on the upper and under sides, except that your. specimen has a little more white on the line on the forewing beneath. It expands 27 mm. It is absolutely the same species as your No. 1. The locality is Philadelphia, and labeled henrici G. & R. in Robinson’s hand- writing. It is from the Grote and Robinson collection.” It will be noted that the type came from Philadelphia. If there are two species of Thecla found here that might be designated as irus and henrici, I have failed to discover the ~ fact. It will be interesting to see what others think of the two. Wherever there is great lack of unanimity of opinion, the validity of species is open to question. Mr. W. H. Edwards, in his Catl. of Diur. Lep., published in 1877, puts henrici as a variety of irus. In his Catalogue of 1884 he lists it as distinct from irus. Strecker (1877) puts it as a variety of irus, and says, “smaller. Inferiors tailless.’ S. H. Scudder, in his Butt. East. U. S. and Can., puts henrici as a synonym of irus. J. H. Cook, Can. Ent. page 216, 1905, contends. that irus and henrici are distinct species. There are others who have written on the two names, but have probably not investigated them. — In the above we see henrici as a valid species (Cook), as a variety (Edwards), and as a synonym (Scudder). In size the species. (henrici-irus) varies considerably. The largest specimen I have measures 33 mm. ( 2 ) in expanse, and *Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, Vol. IV., p. 59. April, ’o7] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 131 _ the smallest 27 mm. Thirty mm. is about the average size. The male, figured by Bd. and Lec., measures 33 mm. and the female 36 mm. I have not seen any specimens with so great an ex- panse, although I have a number from the Southern States. The size given by Bd. and Leconte probably represents artists’ license. All measurements are from centre of body at base of wing to tip, doubled. The color above varies from light greyish brown to dark brown and fuscous. Individual speci- mens have varying amounts of chestnut brown on the wings, _ from the merest trace on the secondaries at the angle of the f a wing to the whole upper surface of both wings entirely chest- 7 nut brown. Some have the discal areas chestnut brown, and in . some the outer halves of both wings are of this color. This variation is also seen in niphon and augustus, and is common in the females. It has no specific value, and is so variable as to be of little use in constituting a variety. The stigma. This is a male secondary sexual character that occurs in some males and not in others. This not only applies to irus-henrici, but to some other species in the genus. It has no generic or specific value, and is simply an individual variation. The under side of primaries. We have here a line run- ning from the costa to the first median nervule. It is also very variable and it has no specific value. It varies as to distinctness, and in some specimens it is obsolete. In some cases it is a straight line; in some, interrupted in the middle, and in some, it is as described by Cook, a series of short dashes. It has no specific value and no proper correlation with other so called specific characters given by Mr. Cook. The under side of the secondary wing is also divided by a _more or less distinct line running from the costa to the inner margin. At the costa and at the termination of the line, it is generally white, and between these points the white is very variable, in some cases an entire white line from costa to inner margin. In some cases it is more or less obsolete. Some specimens have a small basal area of gray (see fig. of Bd. ___ and Lec.), and in some the entire inner half of wing is uni- ___ eolorous and the intensity of color in this varies greatly, being in some cases light brown, and in others almost black, Cross- 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL ‘NEWS. [April, ’07 ing the wing in the centre of the outer area (the area beyond the mesial line) is a more or less distinct row of spots. The hind wings have a small tail. In specimens from Texas there is almost no differentiation between the outer and inner half of the wing. by the mesial line, and this line on primaries is more or less absent. There is no correlation between any of these characters given above. Thecla arsace Bd. Lec. is the same species as irus, the differ- ences being varietal only. The figure is very poor, but I have some specimens agreeing with the description. It is a large Southern variety. Distribution of my specimens——New Hampshire; Lonsdale, R. I., iv. 27; v. 2; Johnston, R. I., v. 12, v. 26; Philadelphia, Pa., v. 4; Clementon, N. J., v. 7; Almonessen, N. J., iv. 28; Westville, N. J., v.; Anglesea, N. J., iv. 26; Falling Spring, Ill., iv. 12; Cincinnati, O., iv. 15, v. 20; St. Louis, Mo., iv. 21; Round Mountain, Texas; ii. 25, ili, 25; North Carolina; Louisiana. I have not seen any specimens from Canada, and would like very much to have specimens from the North and the Pacific Northwest. Sufficient allowance has not been made in our studies for individual variation. There are cer- tain kinds of variation, individual or varietal, and other kinds specific. The basal area on the underside of secondaries of irus varies wonderfully in color and is a common type of indi- vidual variation in butterflies. A similar variation is seen on the upperside of Argynnis cybele, where the inner area is almost completely suffused with black. Numerous specimens and accurate data will elucidate many problems that confront us, brought about by the lack of material and data of the early students and writers. From the evidence before me I am con- vinced that Thecla irus and henrici are one species. Mr. W. H. VOLK, who has been conducting experiments for the Uni- versity of California against the codling moth in Watsonville, has been appointed joint entomologist of Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties. H. J. QUAYLE has returned from the Iowa State Agricultural College and has accepted the position of Field Assistant in Entomology in the University of California. 7 ale April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 133 The Dipterous Genus Scellus, with one new Species. By J. M. Atpricu, Moscow, Idaho. _ This small genus, with Hydrophorus and Liancalus, forms a distinct subfamily of the Dolichopodide, characterized by hav- ing the last section of the fifth vein shorter than the posterior crossvein, the hairs of the back of the head below forming a scattered beard (instead of a ruff in a single row bordering the eye), and hypopygium directed backward or downward, not turned forward under the venter. Liancalus is readily distinguished from its near relatives by having slender fore femora and elongated fore coxe. The difference between Hydrophorus and Scellus is not very strik- ing when written down, but easily recognized in nature. Scel- lus has long spines on the under side of the fore femora, and distinct, narrow longitudinal lines on the thoracic dorsum; Hydrophorus has only small spines on the under side of the fore femora, and the dorsum unmarked with lines, or with very slight ones. The species of Hydrophorus always frequent the edges of water, and are often seen running over its surface. Scellus, however, is never seen at water, but is found on bark of trees, on the ground, or in grass (exceptionally, perhaps on stones). . _ Only six North American species of Scellus have been de- scribed, to which another is added in the present article. Scellus virago new species. Large species, with yellowish-brown wings and greatly elongated antennz, with apical arista. _ Male. Head densely yellowish-brown pollinose, the face more ochre yellow; eyes elongated vertically, the face slender; about eight black bristles behind the eye abave, and a pair on the occiput; antennz inserted high up, as long as the vertical diameter of the eye, slender, the third joint nearly twice as long as the first. two, with a short, two-jointed, apical arista. Thorax thickly dusted, still with a faint coppery or rosaceous re- flection showing through on dorsum and sides. Pollen of the dorsum grayish in the middle, with two very fine lines in the center, enclos- ing the single row of six or eight tiny acrostichal bristles; dorsocentral 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’o7 _ bristles in two rows, very small, except the posterior two of each row, with slight dots from which the separate bristles arise; along each side of the dorsum a darker pollinose stripe above the pleural suture; before the scutellum a median darker stripe, continuing the two fine median lines to the scutellum (the insertion of. the pin Prevents my describing this: more closely); scutellum more bright coppery red, with two bristles; pleura uniformly and densely pollinose with grey, the coppery ground color but little visible. Halteres yellow. Abdomen less pollinose and more coppery than the thorax, of four well-developed segments, the others modified; fourth segment one- third as long as the preceding one; the “anal appendages” arise on ‘the dorsal side, between the fourth and fifth segments—they are a pair of delicate organs, black at base, whitish beyond, each ending in a spoon-shaped, orange-colored enlargement, which bears a dense series of small, dark hairs along the outer side and a tuft of similar ones on the inner apical angle; third abdominal segment protuberant below, the grasping organs of the hypopygium projecting behind it. Legs blackish-green, somewhat pollinose, of complicated structure. Fore femora with the usual spines beneath; fore tibiz with a row of stiff hairs on the inner side beyond the middle and a stout thumb- like curved claw on the anterior side before the end; also, with a striking lobe or lappet on the inner side of the tip. Middle femora slender, a little arcuated; middle tibie with a row of erect bristles on the anterior side past the middle, and curled long hairs on the posterior side at the tip. Hind femora, tibie and tarsi of plain structure, the tibiz without noticeable bristles at the tip. Wings brownish-yellow on the basal half, more brown apically; a large brown spot on the posterior crossvéin and another on the arcuation of the fourth vein, before and beyond the latter vein is widely bordered with yellow. Length, including appendages, 7 mm.; of wing, the same. Female. Antenne much shorter, the third joint only a little longer than. the other two, arista apical, a little longer than in the male. Abdomen of five equal segments. Legs destitute of striking modifi-. cations, however, the spines under the fore femora are as large as in the male. Wings as in the male. Length, 7.2-mm. The type is a male, collected by myself, October 11, 1905, in the salt marshes nearest to Palo Alto, Cal. It was stalking over the ground in a bare spot, and looked more to me like a Tipulid than anything else. I have also a male and a female cotypes, collected in the same vicinity by R. W. Doane, on October 11, 1906. He studied the courtship of the species at that time. (Vide posted, page 136). iaaas | — —— April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135 NotrEs ON THE DESCRIBED SPECIES. Scellus exustus Walk. This large, black species is so strik- ing that there can be no doubt that it was the one described by Walker, although he mentioned only a few of its characters. I have specimens from Brookings, South Dakota, Montana, and Moscow, Idaho. I have only collected it in beating about the grass of low meadows, and have never seen a specimen before I got it into my net; hence, I do not know its exact habitat. Scellus avidus Loew. This I have only seen in a set of specimens given to me by Professor Wm. M. Wheeler, col- lected by him September 11, 1895, on Hunter’s Creek, Wyoming. The type locality was Fort Resolution, Hudson’s Bay Territory. It is one of the larger species, the tooth on the anterior side of the fore tibia is near the base; the ribbon- like anal appendages are white, blackish at base and tip, with” a tuft of brown hairs on the end of the black, spoon-shaped apical part. te Scellus spinimanus Zetterstedt. This European species was recognized by Loew in material from Fort Resolution, Hud- son’s Bay Territory. .As far as I know, no one has seen it from North America since. It should be easily recognizable. Scellus monstrosus O. S. I examined a male of this species .in the University of Kansas collection, captured at Estes Park, Colorado ; it is the only specimen I ever saw. The type locality was British Columbia. It has many characters in common with virago, differing in the antennal structure and in having a long, curved spine at the apex of the hind tibia, etc. _Scellus vigil O. S. Type locality, Webber Lake, California, “resting on stones on hillsides.” No other species of the genus ____ is known to rest on stones, and I found this rather common ___ ten years ago in the vicinity of Moscow, Idaho, on trunks of pine trees ; hence, I am a little doubtful about the data of Osten _ Sacken. I also got the species on the side of the university building, however. It is a small species, with pale wings. I have got no more specimens for some years now. _ Scellus filiferus Loew. I collected this at Custer, South Dakota, on pine trunks, and near Moscow. Idaho, in the same 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. — [April, ’07 situation. It was not common in either locality, and I have not found a specimen in ten years. I wish the few remarks above about the habitat of species of this genus might interest collectors in scanning trunks of trees more closely. Not only Scellus, but Medeterus and Neuri- gona, of the Dolichopodide, are found there, as well as flies of other families. Students of secondary sexual characters could not find a more interesting group than Scellus; for lack of space, I have not half described the peculiarities of the male in virago, and all the species have nearly as many male characters. TABLE OF SPECIES OF SCELLUS, BASED ON THE MALES. 1. Third antennal joint elongated, with apical arista. . . . Virago n. sp. Third antennal joint not elongated, with dorsal arista.. . .... 2. 2. Hind femora greatly thickened and arcuated, wings wholly blackened. exustus Walker. Middle femora arcuated, thickened towards the middle, wings not entirely blackened. «69.5503 000. oe 3- Middle and hind femora not arcuated. . ....... avidus Loew. 3. Apical half of the wings black, thorax above with snow-white pollen. ; ———— Zetterstedt. Not as described .. 6. Giri ee Ve ee 4. 4. Anal appendages terminating in spoon-shaped, orange-colored en- — Jargements «a: ic ie ales teow ee monstrosus Osten Sacken. Anal appendages not enlarged attip............... 4. 5. Hind femora along the middle with abundant, long white pile . vigil Osten Sacken. Hind femora without white pile. .......... filiferus Loew. Notes on the Habits of Scellus virago Ald. By R. W. Doane, Stanford University. The broad salt marshes bordering San Francisco Bay near Stanford University are for the most part covered with the common salt grass (Salicornia ambigula), but here and there are larger or smaller spots entirely devoid of any vegetation and glistening white with a thin encrustation of salt. These are favorite places with many of the insects that live on the marsh, seeming to be a sort of general rendezvous, where they can bask in the sun, carry on their courtships or build i April, '07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 137 nests in the sand or clay, and, incidentally, be killed or eaten _ by their larger or stronger neighbors. _ While collecting on one of these places in October, my attention was attracted by the peculiar actions of a long-legged fly which was running nervously over the ground. Its move- ments were all quick and jerky, running three or four inches, _ then stopping and spreading the wings out horizontally and folding them over the back again, repeating the operation several times in rapid succession, sometimes squatting low, ___ sometimes rising high on tip-toe. Sometimes it would fly short distances, but always on alighting would go through these same jerky movements. Now and then, in its running about, 5 it would come close enough to one of the little Agromyztds (Rhicnoessa parvula Lw.), that were quite abundant here, to pounce upon it and suck its blood. The unfortunate little fly is held and manipulated by the fore-legs of its captor, and after being turned over a few times, evidently in order that the blood may be sucked from different parts, the empty skin is dropped to the ground and blown away by the wind, while the vampire goes in search of another morsel. While watching one of these flies, which proved to be a female, she seemed suddenly to become very much excited, - now squatting low, now rising high and waving the wings frantically. The cause of this extra excitement was a male fly which, unnoticed by me, had approached to within a few inches of the female. He seemed to be paying but little attention to her, but was running about much as she had before _he appeared. He gradually worked near her, however, and _ for some little time they stood facing each other, going through a the curious performance of raising and lowering their bodies and waving the wings frantically. The male then turned | away and seemed about to leave, but the female quickly flew in front of him again and began her antics. Several times __ this was repeated, the male sometimes flying away for a con- siderable distance; but whenever he came near the female, _ again she would run in front of him and begin waving her wings. Finally the female flew directly to the male, and I think that copulation took place, although I could not tell 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | April, ’07 definitely. The male then flew away, not to return while I ’ was watching. This same performance, with slight variations, was seen to take place between four different pairs of flies; but only in the first instance did copulation take place. As in many other of the Dolichopodidz, the males of this species have very striking sexual characters, enabling the sexes to be easily recognized, even at some little distance. The long, ribbonlike anal appendages are reddish or orange-yellow, somewhat twisted, and with the tips broadened or spoon- shaped, making, indeed, a very conspicuous flag or pennant. The fore tibie are somewhat enlarged and furnished distally with a large, blunt protuberance. The spines on the distal half of the middle tibiz tend to become more curly until toward the end there is quite a tuft of curly hairs. : According to observations made by Dr. Aldrich and others on other species of Dolichopodide (American Naturalist, 1894, page 35) and according to Darwin’s theory of sexual selection, we would expect the male of this species to parade these sexual adornments before’ the female to attract or excite her. While it is probable that they may serve as recognition marks, enabling her to distinguish a male from another female, they are certainly not paraded before her for this purpose, as in other species. On the contrary, the male seems to take no particular interest in the courtship carried on so aggressively by the female, allowing her to make nearly all the advances. In a few instances the male would alight in front of the female, but seemed to make no effort to display his charms, nor would he begin the rythmical vibration of the wings until the female had evidently in this way first attracted his atten- tion. . Dr. Aldrich identifies this fly as an undescribed species of Scellus, and describes it under the name of Scellus virago. (Vide anted, page 133.) ProFEssoR ARTHUR B, CorDLEY recently paid a visit to California, where he attended the Hanford Fruit Growers’ Convention. Tue fruit growers of Southern California have asked Dr. Howard to delegate some one to investigate the fumigation of citrus trees in that part of the State. This isa very important work, involving interests amount- ing to very large sums. ee : April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 139 Annotated List of the Species of Chrysops occurring in New Jersey and Descriptions of two New Spee. By Ericu Daecxe, Philadelphia. (Plate VL.) Since the publication of the New Jersey State List of In- sects, by Prof. John B. Smith, in 1899, in which were recorded sixteen species of Chrysops,.the number of species in this genus has been more than doubled. The local interest taken in this genus, as well as in other genera, families and orders, can be traced directly to Prof. Smith’s list, which not only served many local collectors as a check-list, but stimulated their work to no small degree. It indicates the value and even the necessity of State lists. The wing picture is an excellent differentiating character in the genus Chrysops, hence I have figured the wing of every species so far collected in New Jersey, avoiding extreme and perplexing forms which at times will occur. The figures are three-fold enlargements from average wings, and the difference in size of figures gives the relative propor- tion between the species. All the figures represent the wings of females. 1. G. excitans Walker. One specimen out of a large series from Bamber, v, 27, has anal cell open. The yellow on sides of abdomen extends to the third, rarely the fourth, segment on the South Jersey specimens. Mr. William T. Davis has collected excitans at Lakehurst, VI, 15. 2. €. celer Osten Sacken. Common everywhere, from middle of May to beginning of July. Specimens worn by flight often lack the charac- teristic fulvous pile on pleura, and are easily mistaken for mitis, and if such specimens happen to have the fifth posterior cell entirely hyaline, as I have occasionally found on some specimens of celer, as well as on some specimens of carbonar- ius, they may also be mistaken for the latter. The broad and spatulate grayish-white. space between the facial callosities of celer, which is narrower on mifis and almost linear on car- bonarius, will be of value. The difference of infuscation on 140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’07 second basal cell also serves well as a differentiating clue. | See figures, 3. OC. carbonarius Walker = fugax O. S. Not rare in South Jersey. The extreme dates of my cap- tures are Lacy, V, 27, and Da Costa, VI, 15. Miss Ricardo has placed fugax O. S. in the synonymy after examining the tion, but the student not familiar with this species must neces- sarily read the description of fugax O. S. to understand what carbonarius Walk. is supposed to be. 4. ©. mitis Osten Sacken. Two specimens, one in Mr. Harbeck’s collection, Jamesburg, July 4th; another in my collection, Brown’s Mills Jc., June 25th. These two specimens are smaller than the normal mitis and may possibly be freaks of celer, though, according to all recorded characters, they belong to mitis. The eyes of these two specimens are like those of celer, that is, with shaft pres- ent. I have examined the eyes of Baron Osten-Sacken’s type of mttis in the Academy collection, and they correspond with those of carbonarius-fugax, that is: shaft absent. See Plate I, Ent. News, Vol. XVII. : Mitts is very closely allied to carbonarius and may possibly be a variation of same. Mr. Whitney writes me: “The typical mitis is extremely rare here (Milford, N. H.), although fugar is abundant in variety almost to the mitis type. I have no faith in their separateness.” 5. €. cuclux Whitney. Only recorded by Mr, A. J. Weidt from the Orange Moun- tains in May. : 6. G. niger Macquart. Common everywhere, May t12th-July 4th. 7. G. brimleyi Hine. This species appears about the end of May and is a typical pine-barren insect. _ 8 ©. amazon Daecke. This species is rare, even in its type locality. Brown’s Mills Jc., end of June—beginning of July. ‘April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 141 9. ©. nigribimbo Whitney. About the end of June till September, all aN the pine barrens. to. ©. plangens Wiedemann. This species is common along salt marshes. Anglesea, May. 28th, Newark meadows, June, A. J. Weidt. Staten Island, June 3-10, Wm. T. Davis. . 11. G€. fallax Osten Sacken. Locally common. Wenonah, June 22; Jamesburg, July 4th. 12. ©. moechus Osten Sacken. I have never seen this species in numbers, but Mr. Har- beck records it to be the most common species near Trenton about the first week in July. 13. C. univittatus Macquart. Locally a pest along the edges of woods. My extreme data are from Wenonah, June 14th to July 15th. 14. C€. bistellatus Daecke. ' This species I have only tee so far at its type locality, ____Brown’s Mills Jc., from end of June to middle of July. 15. G. indus Osten Sacken. Rare in New Jersey. I have only taken it at Clementon, from which locality it has been previously recorded by Mr. Johnson and Mr. Harbeck, “May 10 to 15. Mr. Wenzel has taken one specimen at Almonessen, May 2oth. 16. C. vittatus Wiedemann. A widely distributed and rather common species. Brown’s Mills Je., June 24th; Wenonah, July 27th; Lucaston, Aug. 6th; Bamber, Sept. rst. 17. ©. striatus Osten Sacken. This species is rare in New Jersey, and in local collections it is not uncommon to find sequax and hinei (a new species de- scribed in this paper) under the name of striatus. Delair, Aug. 7th. 18. ©. sequax Williston. The New Jersey specimens have a yellowish frontal callus, margined with black; the types from western Kansas are de- scribed as having a black frontal callosity. There is no other perceptible difference. Wenonah, July 27th. 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 19 GC. lugens Wiedemann. The only two New Jersey specimens on record were col- lected by Mr. Harbeck at Trenton, July 5, 1906. This species belongs to the Southern Atlantic and Gulf States, where. it appears to be smaller and darker.. C. lugens var. morosus Osten Sacken. Bamber, July 9; Tom’s River, July 12; Newbold, ¢ 4; July 14,2 2, July 21. Baron Osten-Sacken was familiar with Dr. Wiedemann’s description of /ugens when he described his morosus as a new species, and stated in his Prodrome, page 394, that he had never seen Jugens. These two forms are ap- parently distinct; the descriptions bear this out, but Prof. James S. Hine has in his collection the complete chain of inter- grades, hence morosus must be considered a variety of Jugens. The wing, Fig. 19, answers for both forms, Jugens and moro- sus. While studying these forms I collected more than 125 specimens, with the result that two new species were separated from this group, of which a table may read like this: lugens, abdomen brown, one yellowish longitudinal line. lugens, var. morosus, abdomen brown, three brownish yellow stripes. parvulus n.sp., abdomen AGwethier brown. hinei n. sp., abdomen orange, two blackish stripes. 20. @. parvulus n. sp. 9. Length 514-7 mm. Face brownish-yellow; facial callosities, cheeks, and frontal callus black; front covered with grayish pollen. First antennal segment yellowish, second segment basally brown, the rest black. Frontal spot on eyes more or less excised anteriorly; occipital border separated from occiput. Thorax brownish-black, sparsely cov- ered with whitish hair; two dorsal stripes barely recognizable cephalad, and this only in a certain light. Pleura brown, with two grayish stripes, the upper one indistinct. Abdomen uniformly brown, sparsely . beset with whitish hair toward apex. Venter uniformly brown and glossy. Front tibie, except the base, also tarsi, dark brown; middle legs brownish-yellow, except the tarsi apically dark brown; hind legs, except base of tarsi, base of tibiez, and apex of femora, dark brown. Wings: Costal cells and first basal, except a small spot near apex, ' brown; the crossband fills out the discal and fourth posterior cells, its distal convex border begins at tip of posterior intercalary and — fed’o7] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 143 es the first longitudinal. The apical spot scarcely reaches the hina longitudinal. Sée Fig. 20. Described from 98 specimens taken at Hastibes: N. J., July 9, 06; one specimen, Tom’s River, July 12, 04; two specimens from Jamesburg, N. J., July 4th, collected by Mr. Harbeck, and one specimen from Lakehurst, N. J., collected by Mr. W. T. Davis. _ The specimens referred to by Baron Osten-Sacken at the end of his description of C. morosus, Prodrome, page 390, un- _doubtedly belong to this species. He writes: “Two females ‘and a male, also from Maryland, are smaller, abdomen alto- gether brown, front tibie, etc., etc. I am doubtful whether they belong here.” This species would appear to be in line with the variations of lugens. Hypothetically, Jugens would be the intermediate form between morosus and parvulus, but I have taken the ex- _tremes, morosus and parvulus, in great numbers at the same date and place, Bamber, July oth, while Jugens could not be found. Besides, I offer the following comparative diagnosis as proof of their separateness : parvulus, lugens and morosus. Size5%-7mm. Oc- s Size 7-8% mm. (The ty cipital borderof eye not two N, J. specimens of > connected with occi- ® lugens are 7% mm.) put. Frontal spot more Occipital border of eye or less excised anteri- | connected with occiput. Frontal orly (see fig. and variations of fron- | spot filled out. (See fig. and varia- tal spot). Thoracic stripes barely | tions of frontal spot.) Thoracic visible. Abdomen uniformly brown. | stripes very distinct, abdomen Apical spot of wingsscarcely reaches | striped (/ugens one stripe; moro- third longitudinal. Hind femora | sus three stripes). Apical spot ex- and tibiae dark brown, except ex- | ceeds third longitudinal. Apical treme section of knee. third of hind femora also tibiae : yellowish; 21. ©. hinei n. sp. 9. Length 7%4-8% mm. Face, facial callosities, cheeks, and frontal callus yellow, the latter at times narrowly margined with brown. Front dark brown, with grayish pollen. The brown shining ocellar tubercle prominent. First antennal segment yellow-ferruginous, second reddish- _ brown, third from brown to black. Thorax and scutellum brown. 144 ’ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 The greenish gray middorsal thoracic stripes narrowly separated, the lateral stripes yellowish-gray and more prominent in color. Two yellowish-gray stripes on pleura. Abdomen orange, with two longitudinal, well-defined brown stripes, which meet anteriorly at the scutellum and posteriorly at the fifth segment. Apical portion of abdomen tinged with brown. Laterally at base of third and fourth segments a brown spot each as if indicating an omitted stripe. Some specimens show an indistinct, pale brown lateral marking on first and second segments. Venter orange, blackish at tip, one narrow indistinct brownish stripe laterally and a broad central stripe reaching from tip to third segment. Legs yellow-ferruginous. Fore tibiz, except base and tarsi brown; distal portion of middle tibize and tarsi, brown; hind femora basally, hind tibiz and tarsi apically brown. Wings: The costal cells, first basal, discal, and fourth posterior cells infuscated. This infuscation is unbroken to the outer margin of crossband, which begins at tip of posterior intercalary and extends convexly to first longitudinal. The apical spot fills out the apex of wing, leaving but a narrow crescent for the hyaline triangle which widens posteriorly. See Fig. 21. DeScribed from seventeen specimens collected at Iona, Aug. 25, 02; Weymouth, Aug. 16, ’04; Atlantic County, Aug. 7, and Lakehurst, Aug. 18, Prof. John B. Smith; Lakehurst, Sept. 3 and 16, Mr. Wm. T. Davis. One doubtful ¢, collected by Mr. Harbeck, Sept. 7, ’o5, at Clementon, I refer to this species. -Its general appearance, date of capture and locality point toward hinei, but I defer description to a later date awaiting more conclusive proof. This species belongs to the lugens-morosus group, from which it is readily separated by the narrow hyaline triangle, the orange abdomen striped with black and the yellow cal- losities. Named in honor of Prof. James S. Hine, who has added so much to the knowledge of this family. 22. €. obsoletus Wiedemann. Not a common species in New Jersey. Fort Lee, June 23; Wenonah, June 22; National Park, Aug. 13. 23. . delicatulus Osten Sacken. The first New Jersey specimens I collected at Tom’s River, July 12, ’04, and considered a rare find, but since, I have taken it all through the pine barrens. It is a typical pine barren 4 Ent. News, Vou. XVIII. PEO Vii 7, brimleyi 13, univittatus 19, lugens 25, dimmocki 31, fulvistigma 8, amazon 14, dtstellatus 20, parvulus 26, montanus 32, dbrunneus 9g, nigribimbo 15, indus 21, Ainet 27, sackeni 33a, flavidus 10, plangens 16, vittalus 22, obsoletus 28, frigidus 33b, favidus 11, fallax 17, striatus 23, delicatulus 29, pudicus 33c, flavidus 12, moechus 18, sequax 24, callidus 30, cursim DRAWN BY E. DAECKE. ew ——— eer —— _ April, ’07) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 145 species. Brown’s Mills Jc., June 25; Da Costa, June 29; ' Bamber, July 9. a 24. (©. callidus Osten Sacken. This is about the best known species, it is generally dis- ____ tributed and may be taken from the beginning of June to the 4 latter part of July almost anywhere. 25. ©. dimmocki Hine. Closely allied to callidus but has a broader apical spot. Anglesea; May 28; Iona, June 2; Cape May, June 7. ; 26. €. montanus Osten Sacken. ; = Rather local and nowhere common. Clementon, June 28. 27. ©. sackeni Hine. Da Costa, June 3; Brown’s Mills Jc., June 17; Fort Lee, July 4. . 28. C. frigidus Osten Sacken. Dover, June 23, Johnson. This record is taken from Mr. Chas. W. Johnson’s Supplementary List of Diptera from New Jersey, Ent. News, May, 1904. 29. ©. pudicus Osten Sacken. Da Costa, June 24; Brown’s Mills Jc., June 27, July 1. I have collected many specimens of this species, but never found intergrades between this and cursim Whitney. The orange abdomen and pale infuscation of the wings are always char- acteristic of cursim, though the eye maculations are identical in both. Should these two forms ever prove by the final test of breeding to be the same, the name cursim Whitney would even then be a convenient means of separating it as a variety from its allied form pudicus O. S. Pudicus is not a common insect, only once I found it in abundance near cranberry bogs. 30. C. cursim Whitney. This species is rare and inhabits particularly the pine bar- rens. Da Costa, July 4, 1901; Brown’s Mills Jc., July 1, ’06; Jamesburg, July 4, 05; Harbeck, Lakehurst, June 16, W. T. Davis. 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 31. OC. fulvistigma Hine. One @ specimen, Lakehurst, July 29, collected by Wm. T. Davis. 32. ©. brunneus Hine. One @ specimen, Cape May, Aug. 9, 1904; Newark, Salt Meadows, both sexes, July, A. J. Weidt. 33. . flavidus Wiedemann. A common species in June, July and August. This species is very variable in size, color and wing-maculation. See Figures 33 a, b and c. In looking over a large series I find that specimens from the salt marshes along the Atlantic coast also from the Delaware River front are larger, their wings have a smoky tinge all over, the brown design is rather pale, and the crossband wider (Fig. 33 a), in a measure resembling brunneus. Specimens from inland localities are, as a rule, smaller, with clear wings and dark brown maculation (Fig. 33 b and c), but there seems to be no character strong or con- stant enough to separate these two forms specifically. eS Notes on some Species of Geometrids. By Joun A. GrossBeck, New Brunswick, N. J. The notes forming the present paper have. been in the hands of the writer since early in 1906, and are primarily the result of Dr. Dyar’s article in the Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. VI, p. 222, under the heading “A Few Notes on the Hulst Col- lection.” In going carefully over the Geometrid portion of the Doctor’s paper, I find that he has unfortunately relegated several of Hulst’s species to the synonymy erroneously. Two of his conclusions have already been questioned,* and as a result, it was believed that certain specimens examined by Dr. Dyar purporting to be types were not types at all. Such other notes as have suggested themselves in the course of this study have been added. Hydriomena curvilinea Hulst. Dyar says of this species: “This is the same as H. occidens *Can. Ent. XXXVII, 61. ———— _ April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147 Hulst, the subbasal and outer transverse anterior lines being a little more distinct than in the type of occidens.” I have concluded, after close study, that curvilinea is distinct . from occidens for the following reasons: the outer transverse anterior line in ciirvilinea is single, defined and edged inwardly by a whitish zig-zag narrow line, while in occidens the cor- responding line is diffused, geminate and broad, becoming faint and the component parts merged together toward the center and inner margin of the wing, the whitish zig-zag line being wanting. In occidens a line beginning at the center of the costa and from thence outward and inward to center of wing is altogether absent in curvilinea. The outer line in both species is more or less broken and ill-defined, but at the costa it is double in curvilinea and single in occidens. These points are sufficiently strong to hold the species distinct in my opinion. : Hydriomena amorata Hulst. Of the two types, one, a female, is probably Petrophora defensaria Guen. The other, which has both antennz and the abdomen missing, but is otherwise in very perfect condition, is probably also a female. This is a different insect from defensaria, the entire median area of the primaries, between the intradiscal and extradiscal lines, being a bright reddish- brown, deeper in the center. There is not even a tendency in this direction in any specimens of defensaria I have ever seen. The name amorata will therefore hold, and while its generic disposition is a little uncertain, the character of the wing markings would place it in Petrophora. Somatolophia umbripennis Hulst. ; Of this species Dr. Dyar says: “The single ¢@ type is Alcis haydenata Pack.” This conclusion, Rev. Geo. W. Taylor would not accept, because in defining the genus of which _ umbripennis is type, Hulst gave characters which were pos- sessed by the male only, and some of which were at variance with the genus Alcis. In this he was correct; umbripennis is not an Alcis, and therefore not haydenata; and while the character of the markings are precisely the same, the general color and the structure are quite different. I might say, 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 also, that the type in the Hulst collection is not a female, but a male, the antenne of which are broken off; but sufficient of the segments are retained to show the long pectinations. In the course of the study of this species I was at first in- clined to regard both it and haydenata as one species, and neither as belonging to Alcis, for, under the latter, Hulst had two males, neither of which possessed the hair pencil on the hind tibia characteristic of that genus. They also had the same umber-colored wings, and the dorsal tufting of the ab- domen ascribed to umbripennis was the only structure which separated them. This abdomen of the type appeared to be that of a female, and Professor Smith, to whom the specimen was shown, corroborated my opinion at once and also called my attention to the fact that the body belonged to some other insect. I afterward detached the body to demonstrate this point and found positive evidence of its having been glued on. This was done very neatly, as may be inferred when we consider that it passed through the hands of Hulst, Dyar, Pearsall and myself without any of us suspecting the truth. After these.two forms were combined I at first supposed that - haydenata had no hair pencil, but specimens in my own col- lection showed this structure plainly; so the question arose as to which species Packard’s types belong. These types are females, but judging from his description, “uniformly pale- reddish ash-gray,” I do not think there can be any doubt but that he had the form with the hair pencil in the male. There are three male specimens of umbripennis before me, and none have the antennz entire; but I assume that they have a simple apex. Thus, with the abdominal characters. of Somatolophia eliminated, our species rests very comfortably in Selidosema. Cymatophora festa Hulst. Another conclusion of Dr. Dyar’s is that “the single 2 type [of Cymatophora festa] is Deilinea pulveraria Hulst,” and he adds: “The name festa has priority, but should be referred to Deilinea.’” Now, how Dr. Dyar came to say this I cannot even conjecture. The insects are so very different that the statement led Mr. Taylor to say, as he did of the former, that the specimen at New Brunswick cannot be the true type. That April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149 it is the true type there is not a shadow of doubt, for it agrees, word for word, with Hulst’s description of the species. Upon further study, however, I find festa to be the same as Macaria aequiferaria Walk., and it should be referred as a synonym to that species. In this connection, I might also say that there are a few other apparent discrepancies which require explanation. In the Hulst collection under the name Macaria quadrisignata Walk., are four specimens which are exactly like Cymatophora festa, or more correctly, Macaria aequiferaria. Referring to Dyar’s catalogue we find quadrisignata as a good species of Macaria (3679), and again, following Packard (Mono. Geom. p. 285) as a synonym of Sciagraphia granitata Guen. (3647). Thus, if we accept Dr. Packard’s decision, who compared granitata with the type of quadrisignata, we must erase the latter from our lists as a species and leave it as a synonym of granitata; but should the specimens in the Hulst collection be the true quadrisignata, then it must be placed as a synonym of M. aequiferaria, We have a somewhat similar case with Macaria dispuncta Walk., which is given specific rank in Hulst’s classification (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXIII, p. 331), and in Dyar’s catalogue (3687), and in the latter also, again following Packard, as a synonym of Sciagraphia granitata., Selidosema correllatum Hulst. The two types of Macaria correllata (not correllatum), referred to Sciagraphia granitata by Dyar, have nothing in common with Selidosema correllatum. They were evidently labelled by Hulst with the intention of describing; but no description has appeared under that name so far as I am aware. The two types of Diastictis sericeata Hulst are both females of Selidosema correllatum. The ground color of the former is very light in color, and thus the fine brown striations mentioned - by Hulst in his description show up more prominently than in the latter. The outer transverse lines are also less curved in sericeata, being almost straight. In Dyar’s list correllatum is placed in the genus Cleora, but 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 I can detect no hair pencil in the male; neither is it a Cyma- tophora (= Diastictis), as the male antennz are plumose. The two types of the true Selidosema correllatum are not conspecific; the male, from Colorado, is darker, more heavily marked, and is the one from which the original description was chiefly drawn; the female, from California, is a white insect with broader wings and the outer margin of the prima- ries below the falcation is more produced. The Colorado type is, therefore, left to represent Hulst’s species, and the Cali- fornian specimen is herewith described as new. Selidosema pallescens n. sp. ?.—Expanse, 26 mm.—Ground color, creamy-white, except the upper side of the primaries, which is white. Head, palpi, thorax and abdomen with a scattering of brown scales. Primaries with dark brown scales, sparsely and pale brown-ochre ones more numerously scattered over the surface, these latter forming small squares along the inner half of the costa. Basal line brown, broadest between costa and radius, and from there is incomplete to inner margin, where it is very dark brown. Median line visible only on costa, where it appears as a brown-ochre, squarish patch, which extends slightly into the discal space. Discal spot dark brown, transversely oval, situated at end of discal space. Outer space with two widely separated brown lines. The inner begins on the costa one-third from the apex and forms a slight S to inner margin; below radius 5 to immediately before cubitus 2 this line is very faint, but is otherwise broad and distinct. The outer line begins on the costa, midway between the apex and the inner line, and extends toward inner line to media 1 and then runs parallel with it to inner margin; this line is faint in the same place as the inner line, and is also much narrower than that line. In the space between these two lines there is a small brown spot just above media 3 and a little below this is a large patch, which extends to the inner margin. The marginal line shows only between radius 5 and media 3, where it appears as three black lunules. Fringes checkered brown-ochre and white. Secondaries with a scattering of brown scales along inner margin. Discal spot round, distinct. Mar- ginal line broken; most obvious toward apex. Outer margin scalloped, each scallop tipped with pale brown. Beneath, the primaries have a scattering of ochreous scales, thickest at the costa and apex; the _ secondaries are peppered chiefly with brown scales, though also some ochre ones toward outer margin and at apex. Discal spot present on all wings. Type: one female from California in the Hulst collection at Rutgers College. April, ’o7] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 151 Nacophora minima Hulst. As Dr. Dyar suggests, Gabriola dyari Taylor is the same as this species. Mr. Taylor’s generic description agrees per- fectly with minima, so far as it would apply to the female sex. It may be well to state, in conclusion, that the type of Téphroclystia brunneipennis Hulst=Percnoptilota fluviata Hubn. does not bear a “Nyctobia’ label, but a Nycterosea label, the gehus which was created for the reception of brun- neipennis, when it was first described. This is merely men- tioned to show that Dr. Hulst never considered it a Nyctobia, as would be inferred from Dr. Dyar’s note. The Classification of the Culicidae According to Scale- Vestiture Characters. By FREDERICK KNAB, Washington, D. C. Plate VII. While, perhaps, sufficient objection has already been made to the use, by Theobald and his followers, of the scale-vesti- ture of the Culicidae in classification,* it seems worth while to give a few illustrations of their worthlessness for such purposes. Even could the different writers agree, as is by no means the case, on the application of Theobald’s terminology to the vari- ous forms of scales, the fact still remains that the shape of the seales gives no assurance whatever of the systematic position of the insect. Moreover, the scales show no fundamental dif- ferences of structure but only differences of form, and all inter- grades occur between the scale forms indicated by Theobald for generic division. This question has been so ably discussed by James and Liston that it would be superfluous to enlarge upon it here, particularly as some of their remarks have already been quoted (Dyar and Knab, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., “Vol. XIV, 1906, p. 172-173). At the best the groups accord- ing to scale characters are unnatural and not in accordance with structures of primary importance. The truth is that very * Theobald’s classification has been condemned in the following writings which may have escaped English readers: Neveu-Lemaire, Classification de la famille des Culicidae, Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, Vol. XV (1902), p. 195-227; Donitz, Beitrige zur Kenntniss der Anopheles. Zeitschr. f. Hyg. u. Infectionskrankh., Vol. XLI (1902), p. 15-88. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 few tangible characters are available for generic subdivision in ‘the Culicidae, and the bulk of the species must remain in a few large genera, regardless of the details of ornamentation. The well-marked divisions which are indicated by the larval characters and the male genitalia, and which coincide for both, are certainly fundamental. I will give only a few examples to illustrate how the application of Theobald’s system of classifi- cation works out in practice. | The genus Verrallina was erected by Theobald in 1903 (Monogr. Culic., Vol. III, p. 295) for ‘‘Aedes’’ butleri and niger from the East Indies, and associated with them—appar- ently from want of a better place—Aedes nigricarpus from the Amazons, In 1905 it would seem Theobald was no longer able to recognize his genus and the same three species, in Genera Insectorum, fasc. 26, p. 35, follow Aedes under the heading ‘‘ genus uncertain’’—no mention of Verrallina, In 1906 Verrallina reappears in Coquillett’s classification (U. S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Ent., Tech. Ser. No. 11, p. 17), and is applied to two new forms from tropical America; the Aedes nigricarpus is assigned, again with a doubt, to the new genus Isostomytia. ; In the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. xxxvii, 1905, p. 231, Miss Ludlow describes 7aeniorhynchus sierrensis, and in a later paper (1. c., Vol. xxxvili, 1906, p. 132) she acknowledges that her species is synonymous with Culex varipalpus Coquillett. However, a further study of its scale-characters convinced her that the species cannot be correctly placed in 7aenzorhynchus, or in any of the numerous genera already recorded from North America and, without locating it generically, she associates it with Finlaya. Mr. Coquillett has recently placed the species in Ochlerotatus, which position agrees very well with the views arrived at by Dr. Dyar and the writer. Again, what a carry-all the genus Sztegomyza has been for species of all kinds that happen to have a similar thoracic ornamentation. It would lead altogether too far to point out the kaleidoscopic changes that this genus has undergone. Perhaps the most striking example of the composite nature of the Theobaldian genera is furnished by his genus J/ansonia. Ent. News, Vor. XVIII. Pl. VII. CULICIDAE ACCORDING TO SCALE VESTITURE (xnas). 1. Mansonia fascipes Coq. 4. Aedes squamiger Coq. signifer Coq. 5. Uranotaenia sapphirina O. S. 3. Feltidia jamaicensis Theob. 6. _ lowti Theob, Fi te - Ct? ee. April, ’o7] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 153 This genus would seem to be an unusually well-marked one “‘whose chief distinctive character is the presence of large scales on the veins of the wings’’ (Monogr., Vol. ii, p. 173), yet it is of most heterogeneous makeup. Theobald in his first characterization of the genus (as Panoplites, |. c.) states that **the abdomen of the female is usually blunt,’’ thus implying that his genus includes species in which the female abdomen is tapering. This difference is a fundamental one and certainly indicates different genera. Neveu-Lemaire (Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, xxxvii, p. 173), figures the receptacula seminis of Mansonia uniformis of India, and shows that there are two of these pouches in this species. Preparations of our American Mansonia titillans and M. signifer show three of these recepta- cula. Moreover, none of the many preparations of American mosquitoes of nearly all genera which I have had opportunity to examine show the same number indicated by Neveu-Le- maire for J/. uniformis. With the exception only of Azophe- les, Megarhinus and Uranotaenia, which have a single recepta- culum seminis, all our American mosquitoes show three recep- tacula seminis. Neveu-Lemaire states that the eggs of Mansonia are pro- longed into a neck at one end, evidently drawing his data from: an Old-World species. Of our American Mansoniads we know the eggs of 1/7. signifer only, and these are covered by a film which projects in the form of a curious surrounding rim, un- like any other known mosquito eggs. We know nothing of the structure of the larve and male genitalia of the Old-World forms of M/ansonia, but from the above data it is sufficiently obvious that the New-World species are not congeneric with them. The accompanying figures of the wings of Mansonia fascipes Coq. and MW. signifer Cog. offer a striking illustration of how misleading the wing-vestiture is which has been made the basis of the characterization of Mansonia. In spite of the great dif- ference in the appearance of the wing-vestiture, the two spe- cies are very closely related, and by the structure, not only of the adults, but also of the larvae and the male genitalia, are congeneric. The larvz of the two species are practically iden- 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL : NEWS. | April, ’o7 tical, even to the peculiar dark red color of their bodies. By . the study of the superficial characters the relationship of Culex signifer with Mansonia was never suspected. ‘The species was first described under Culex, then placed in Stegomyia, and then made the type of the genus Pxeumaculex. The genus Grabhamia was erected by Theobald for certain mosquitoes in which the wings bear light and dark colored scales of a certain type intermixed. Illustrations are here given of two species, /eltidia jamaicensis and Aedes squamiger, which, according to the wing-scales, are typical representatives of Theobald’s genus Grabhamia. While these species are now both referred to Aedes they belong to separate well-marked groups, which, in a previous paper, Dr. Dyar and the writer have characterized: as /anthinosoma and Aedes. ‘These two groups are exceedingly well defined in the larval stage and in the male genitalia. However, as no good characters could be found for separating the females, they have been ‘united, and, at the best, can only be recognized as groups of subgeneric rank ; /eltidia again separating from /anthinosoma proper by the simple claws of the female. Aedes sguamiger has been de- scribed by Miss Ludlow under the name of Grabhamia denie- ‘dmannii. Recently Mr. Coquillett has erected the genus Lepidoplatys for this species which has toothed claws in the female. The genus Grabhamia as defined by Mr. Coquillett is identical with the group Fe/¢idia as above characterized. The last two figures of the plate are added to show the in- consistency of the Theobaldian classification. According to scale characters these two species should be placed in separate genera, yet the relationship is so obvious by other characters that not even the boldest disciple of the scale-classification has presumed to separate them. The test of the value of such characters would lie in their consistent and undeviating application and such a test the system evidently will not stand. I am under obligation to Mr. H. S. Barber of the National Museum for the photomicrographs from which the figures were made. ‘The figures all represent the same portion of the wing so that a proper comparison can be made. —— April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 155 Cards for Data. By SIDNEY C. CARPENTER. I was much interested in your editorial on pp. 25 and 26 of the January News in regard to modern aids in the work of entomologists. I enclose a sample of three cards that I am using, which may be of interest to some of your readers. In all three forms the name of the species is entered on the red line at the top. Of course the requirements of no two collectors would be just alike, but special cards will be printed very cheaply by any manufacturer of card index supplies, and the first cost of a cabinet, which need not contain more than one or two draw- ers to start with, will be more than offset by the time and labor saved in keeping and referring to records. I use Form 1 for each specimen in the mounted collection. The space at the right is for the date of the different stages, if the specimen has been bred. ‘‘Jo. No.’’ is the Journal Num- ber which I give to each set of eggs, caterpillars, etc., to enable me to keep track of their records. Collection No. Mounted ee Locality we Date of Capture Bred: Egg From Cat Pupa Imago Jo, No. Remarks Form 2 gives a graphic record of the life history. I have filled the card in with the record for Vanessa antiopa, and it is 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 self explanatory. The horizontal spaces are double, to pro- vide for overlapping broods. Name Stage Egg Caterpillar Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Pupa Imago Food Plants Remarks Form 3 is used as a general list of species, and serves as a sort of ‘‘handy reference’’ in case I want data on any particu- lar species. If it is represented in the collection I can tell at a glance, as the collection numbers are filled in the upper right hand corners. 7 Family Coll. Nos. Name Locality Food Plants Literature April, ‘o7] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157 - Luxe Editions of Entomological Works. By C. F. BAKER. Estacion Agronomica, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. In late years I have been exerting myself to the utmost to interest American entomologists in the matter of possible bet- ter methods in entomological publishing. I have corresponded and talked with many concerning it, and they have all agreed heartily enough with me, though the point of ‘action has not yet been reached. American entomological publications are primarily for American entomologists, are supported by them quite largely, the subject matter is contributed by them, and they can prescribe, if they will, the form that those publica- tions are to take. That the present condition is an almost intolerable one in certain respects, I have partly brought out in an article in ENTOMOLOGICAL News entitled ‘‘ Entomologi- cal Literature, the dete noire of the Entomologist.’’ * There are also other very striking features in connection with the matter which I shall bring out from time to time. One of the most remarkable, and one that should certainly set American Entomologists to thinking, is the present tendency towards the publishing of costly de /uxe editions of works on groups in which there is absolutely no good reason for a de luxe setting, as there might be among some Lepidoptera, and in which this form frequently seriously interferes with the very purpose for which the work is intended. As a concrete example of this allow me to cite Ashmead’s _ synopsis of the Chalcids, recently published by the Carnegie Museum, an institution supposed to be primarily founded in part for the promotion of entomology in the interests of Ameri- can entomologists. It was a great thing theoretically for this museum to have published such a work. Did it turn out, however, to the practical benefit of the mass of American en- tomologists? Let us examine it and see. It measures ten by thirteen and one-fourth inches and is one and one-fourth inches thick, and weighs four pounds and six ounces. It has three hundred and thirty pages, with about thirty-three lines to the page, the full printed pages carrying about four hundred * ENT. News, Vol. xvi, pp. 264-270, Oct., 1905. 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07_ and thirty words and having a blank margin of two and one- half inches. Some of the pages must have been joy to the — compositor, since they are rich in printer’s ‘‘ fat.’’ ‘There are nine plates of merely outline drawings which would have been far more useful inserted in the text, and could just as well have been so inserted and thus saved cost and weight. For this work we pay $6.00. As nearly as I can estimate, if this book be translated into terms of a good, clean, well printed journal of normal size, like ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, it will occupy about three hundred and twenty pages. I take down the first volume of EnTomo- LOGICAL NEws within reach (for 1894) and find that it meas- ures six by nine and one-half by one inch, weighs fifteen ounces, and contains three hundred and fifty-two pages. It contains also twenty plates, of which one is finely colored,—a larger work than that on the Chalcids so far as actual matter goes and yet only about one-third the size and one-fifth the weight ; it costs one dollar,—one-sixth of the price! It may be argued that the size and weight and price of the volume are of-no moment to the great laboratories and libraries. But are not American entomological works published primarily for the mass of American entomologists, —men of stall means,—men _ who must frequently move from place to place during their earlier years, men who must crowd mucli into busy lives of teaching and economic investigation or professional work, and who need ‘‘ manuals’? that are workable table manuals in more — respects than in the mere name? Are such works to be in- tended as mere monuments by their size and worse than use- less elegance to the institutions issuing them? A book of the size and weight and unwieldiness of this one on the Chalcids is a veritable ‘‘ bull in the china shop’’ on the entomologist’s work table! I maintain that the questions of actual utility, real usability, and availability to the greatest possible number of workers are points that must be considered in American entomological publishing ; and I believe that such ideas were part and parcel of the original motives underlying the founda- tion of the Carnegie Museum, the Smithsonian Institution, the - Field Columbian Museum, and other institutions of the sort. Surely the recommendations of such important organizations April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 159 as the various entomological societies of America will be heeded in the matter. _ We need lists, synopses, and manuals that are thoroughly and really ‘‘ manuable’’—to adapt a meaningful Spanish word. Why can we not have scientific works gotten up on as good a plan as Oxford Bibles,—on thin, strong paper, with flexible covers, and with copious marginal notes and references. I would feel contented to pay even six dollars to get the synop- sis of the Chalcids in the thoroughly usable and condensed form in which it might easily have been issued. But to be compelled to burden myself with this elephantine monstrosity, that is as different from what it should be to serve the very pur- pose for which it was intended as a solid-wheeled ox-cart is from a racing sulky, is enough to make one doubt the fitness of some things born of modern scientific activities. And over and above all other considerations, it fills one with regret to think how much more of important and needful work could have been put out within the same cost and space of this one unwieldy tome. Considered from almost any point of view, what could be the benefits to any one in the absurd inflation of a book containing about the material of Cresson’s Synopsis, and intended for a working manual, to the size of the bulky and costly tome under discussion. And we are unfortunately compelled to ask the same question about Wytsman’s ‘‘ Genera Insectorum’”’ and a num- ber of other otherwise extremely important general works being issued to-day. The ridiculous form in which such works are being issued compels small and costly editions of very limited circulation, whereas such works should surely be in the hands of every working student in the country. It often seems as if public institutions of to-day considered it a most noteworthy event to issue a work as nearly as possible in the form of the ponderous and impossible folios of the seven- teenth century. I will agree that such events are always as noteworthy as possible, but they are not praiseworthy! Is there not some publishing house or public institution that will break away from musty and antiquated traditions and give us | entomological manuals—of which in days to come the number will be legion—in a practical, thoroughly usable form, really conforming to the needs of twentieth century workers ? ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put ‘‘ copy ” into the hands of the printer, for each num- ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., APRIL, 1907. SPRING sits in the lap of winter and at the present writing we have had but few indications of gentle spring. However, we have heard rumors of what some of us are going to do as soon as insects become active. One careful collector has his itinerary made out, and his dates are fixed by certain interest- ing captures that he has previously made. He will visit these places again and will doubtless be rewarded by rarities. The early insects are on the wing, and in the Lepidoptera now is the time to study the individuals from wintering chrysalids. What should we do at the commencement of the collecting season? Here are some of the good things to do: collect a lot of perfect specimens of each species as they appear ; study individual variation ; patronize the dealer in pin labels ; study the life-history of some species. There are plenty of them about which we know little or nothing. Send your Observations to the NEws. Do not collect with a view of seeing how many named species you can get, but study your material and make the result known. Soon insect music will resound over the land, and as this is the age of insects ento- mologists should be up and doing. 160 April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 161 Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. CORRESPONDENTS will kindly note that the address of Mr. John A. Grossbeck is Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick, N. J. I know that you know nothing. Others know not even this.—.Socrafes (revised). » W. T. Cvark, until recently connected with the Entomological Depart- ment of the University of California, is now Professor of Entomology in the Alabama Polytechnic Institute at Auburn. ADDITIONAL NAMEs of persons willing to identify certain insects (see Ent. News, February, p. 59, March, p. 105) : . Charles A. Hart, Nat. Hist. Building, Univ. Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, Orthoptera. J. Douglas Hood, Nat. Hist. Building, Univ. Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, Thysanoptera. Dr. J. W. Folsom, Urbana, Illinois, Collembola and Thysanura. G. Chagnon, Box 186, Montreal, Canada, exotic Buprestidae. PHALANGID Notes.—When in 1904 (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIII, p. 253) I described Caddo glaucopis as new, I was unaware that the de- scription of C. agi/is Banks had been taken from immature specimens, that fact being published by Mr. Banks in the same number (p. 256). Mr. Banks has recently been kind enough to examine an adult specimen of C. glaucopis collected by me last June at Sandford, Ontario, and reports _ that it is the same as the adult of his C. agt/is. I regret having made the synonym and take this opportunity to rectify the blunder. I wish also to record here the capture last July at Carlton Station, Orleans County, New York, of an adult male of Phalangium longipalpis Weed, which, as far as ‘I am aware, has heretofore been known only from Arkansas.—Cyrus R. Crossy, Ithaca, N. Y. BUTTERFLIES IN BATTLE.—“‘A battle of butterflies,”’ said the Japanese Viscount firmly. “Impossible !” cried the lady on his right. “Oh,” the Viscount insisted, ‘‘ the thing is authenticated. It happened on August 20, 1889. Tales and poems without number have been written on it. “On the evening of August 20th two opposing armies of the butterflies fought an aerial battle between Nojima and Kavasaki-Mura. The fight continued till sunset, when the smaller army turned and retreated, the victors pursuing it till all were lost in the rosy sunset haze. The ground ___ beneath the combat was thickly strewn with wounded and dead warriors. “The battle drew a thousand people. It occurred about thirty feet up in the air. The spectators were amazed and horror-stricken to see these gentle blue butterflies grappling and struggling furiously and silently in a blue blizzard above their heads.’’— Newspaper. 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA.—The membership is already over two hundred and fifty, and these come from thirty-six States, from four Provinces of Canada, from the District of Columbia, from Cuba, and from Hawaii. The next meeting will be held about August 19th at Bos- ton during the session of the International Congress of Zoology. The following meeting will be in Chicago during Convocation week in Decem- ber.—J. CHESTER BRADLEY, Secretary-Treasurer. ‘CORRESPONDENTS will kindly allow me to state that 1am now com- pleting a monograph of American Stoneflies (Perlidae), and have in pros- pect further work upon the world-fauna in this family, and that Iam in need of more material from all quarters for study. Perlidz are so fragile and so unattractive to collectors that musenm collections of them are ex- ceedingly scanty. I should be greatly aided if my kind correspondents would send me such material as they have or can get easily in this group- Specimens in any stages, preserved in any way (alcoholic preservation is best for them)—even a very few of them—would be most acceptable to me. I will determine, or give named exchanges if desired, and I will gladly send my publications on the group to all who will aid me with material for study.—JAMEs G. NEEDHAM, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. AN ENEMY OF THE RoCKy MouNTAIN WHITE PINE.—Some time ago a student of mine, Miss Hazel Schmoll, kindly procured for me some cones of the white pine, Pinus flexilis, from Ward, Colorado, gooo feet. On opening one of these to demonstrate its structure to the class, it was found that practically every seed was hollow, and contained a living Sco- lytid beetle. The destruction of the seeds—so well protected by the structure of the cone from the attacks of squirrels, etc.—must be very great, and may account for the fact that Pinus flexilis is not so abundant as several of the other conifers. Dr. A. D. Hopkins, to whom | natur- ally referred the beetles, says that they belong to an undescribed species of Conophthorus.—T. D. A. COCKERELL. The following prescription is considered an unfailing specific for a dis- ease among entomologists known as Hypertrophied Ego. It is not known to be contagious or epidemic, but it is certainly endemic. The remedy is as follows: R Corn meal : : 20 pounds. Sodium chloride. I ounce. Aquae fluviat . : 8 quarts. M. Burlap. : 3 yards S. Heat the water to the temperature of the blood ; stir in the corn meal and salt; pour the mixture on the burlap and envelope the entire head with the poultice. Allow it to remain on over night. By morning the Ego will be reduced to normal proportions. Repeat if necessary. 4 —— es eee April, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 164 s A NEw local Entomological Society has been started at Palo Alto. _ Miss Julia Wright and Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., are leading spirits in = mee 5 s , 7 _ this movement. We wish the new club a hearty success and long life. Dr. S. W. Wicuiston has in press the new edition of his ‘‘ Manual of North American Diptera,’’ which will be illustrated with about a thou- sand figures of flies and will greatly simplify the study of the order for beginners. A DETERMINED fight is being made by the students and other friends of the College of Agriculture of the University of California to secure from the Legislature an appropriation for a large building to house the college. _ If this is accomplished the Entomological Department will leave its pres- ent temporary quarters and find accommodations in the new building. Doings of Societies. California, despite the seeming setback of April last, still continues to do her part in furthering the Science of Ento- mology, and, indeed, the Golden State offers splendid. oppor- tunities for active study, and there are many here who are doing good work. Broadly speaking, the desire to form a club for any study indicates an earnest desire on the part of those interested for sincere co-operation and progress. The readers of the Ento- MOLOGICAL News will doubtless be very glad to know that it is with this spirit that an interesting Entomological Club has been organized in Palo Alto, California, known as “The Santa Clara Valley Entomological Club,” which covers the territory of the Santa Clara Valley. The initial meeting was held December 5, 1906, at the home of Miss J. D. E. Wright. Fifteen entomologists assembled to discuss the formation of the society, and a committee on organ- ization was appointed. At the next meeting, held January 19, 1907, Mr. C. F. Pal- mer in the chair, the constitution and by-laws were adopted’ and the following officers elected for the ensuing year: Presi- dent, Mr. R. W. Doane, Stanford University ; Vice-President, Mr. Earl Morris, County Entomologist, San José; Secretary- Treasurer, Miss Julia D. E. Wright, Palo Alto. Mr. Earl Morris gave an interesting talk on the duties of the /@u 165 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’07 County Entomologist, which prove to be numerous and varied. The President then outlined a plan of work to study the salt marsh fauna, which is interesting and peculiar in this dis- trict. On February 8, 1907, a most successful meeting took place, at which twenty-five persons were present; Mr. R. W. Doane, presiding. Miss Isabel McCracken, of Stanford University, told of her work on a sport of Lina lapponica, with notes of its heredity value, illustrated with formulz of the breeding experiments. A box of specimens and also colored plates of the beetles were exhibited. Discussion followed, by Professor Kellogg, Mr. Doane, Mr. Fullaway, Mr. Derby, Mr. Grinnell. Mr. F. X. Williams, who has recently returned with the expedition of the California Academy of Sciences, to the Galapagos Islands, then gave some of his experiences of the trip and collecting. The expedition as a whole seems to have been quite successful, but the insects were not very abundant, and as regards beetles, very few species were found, while only four species of butterflies were taken, all of which are distributed generally in the southern parts of this country. The meeting then adjourned. The Santa Clara Valley Entomological Club holds its regular - meeting once a month, and as soon as the weather permits, field days will be in order and the club will begin its collecting in earnest. The following is a list of the charter members: Professor Vernon L. Kellogg, Mr. R. W. Doane, Mr. J. Chester Bradley, Secretary Entomological Society of America; Mr. C.F. Palmer, Mr. Earl Morris, Santa Clara County Entomologist; Mr. E. G. Dudley, Mr. H. V. Greenwood, Mr. W. M. Davidson, Mr. F. Grinnell, Mr. C. R. Coolidge, Mr. E. W. Rust, Mr. F. X. Williams, Mr. W. L. Scofield, Mr. E. J. Newcomer, Mr. D. I. Fullaway, Mr. A. W. Derby, Mr. J. G. Grundel, Mr. C. von Geldern, Miss Isabel McCracken, Miss Rose Patterson, Miss Alice M. Patterson, Miss Helen A. Lewis, Miss Elizabeth Scofield, Miss Julia D. E. Wright, Miss Edith Patterson. Jutia D. E. Wricut, Secretary. “-M3H-ASd SQWAHdGATOd OHdHOW S3uNdId H3MOT =—*5 GNY P HLAWS YSOOHL OHdHOW S3Hundls Haddin ~ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ae 2: oe 5 ~ PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION” ACADEMY, tad NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. eee. OX VIII:: ; MAY, 1907. No. 5. a) a CONTENTS: on : weal gpa thoosa..........-....: 165 Lovell—The Bumblebees of Southern Cfentione: species of Phoebolampta ERIE Roach ann kan hscinuado aden acaes 195 idae), Orthopt. from Cuba 166 | Calvert—The differentials of three No. pete Entomology....... 168, |, American species of Libellula...... 201 Economic notes on Aphids Dyar—Notes on some species of pote ‘Coccinellids DS bine ds puseuda~ skne 37E Li. 24 HEARED cdiw sob pcecesBobschacs ceice 204 Pall—Coleopterologicai nent synony- Pearsall—Our species of Plagodis Hub. 206 -mical and descriptive: ........-.... 174. | Rehn—Records of Orthoptera from the - ‘Swenk and Cockerel ~The Bees of eit vicinity of Brownsville, Texas..... 209 ee | ere ee Serer ae NON aaa Ti Ss seth cbhnd varauethee 213 Clarke—Notes on Lachnus piatanicola - 7 | Notes and NeWS..........sseeesees ieee 994 Weber—A new genus of Atropidae.... 189 | Doings of Societies .,...........:-...5. 215 Morpho thoosa Smyth. ; By. Ettison A. Smytu, Jr., Blacksburg, Va. (Plate VIII.) In March, 1903, I described and figured in the ENtomo- LocicaL News, Vol. XIV, No. 3, page 85, under the name of Morpho thoosa, a new variety or form of Morpho polyphe- mus Dby.-Hew. The male only was described from mate- rial taken at San Juan Evangelista, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, and sent me by Mr. E. K. Harvey, of Los ae alee - Since then Mr. Harvey has sent me additional specimens, in- idladiog a female. I have carefully compared this female with twenty-one females of polyphemus and var. luna, and find it shows the same character of differences from these, that ‘males of M. thoosa bore to one hundred and five males of M. polyphemus. I judge that M. thoosa will constantly average larger than M. polyphemus: males of thoosa are 5 3/16 inches in extent; of polyphemus, 434: one 2 of polyphemus is 5% inches, and one of luna 554; the remainder of the twenty-one 2 2 do not exceed 5 1/16: the one @ of thoosa is 5%; as this is onily 1/16 inch larger than the ¢, presumably it is under the maximum, 165 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’07 The distal borders of the wings, upper surface, in thoosa 2 ‘are not buff as in var. luna; the whole under surface is more buff and has more prominent markings than 92 92 of poly- phemus, but less than luna. The ocelli are more pronounced than in M. thoosa é, but much less so, and less numerous than in luna or polyphemus. Apex of forewings heavily marked with black as in ¢ ¢, and general color of a greener pearly- lustre than in the two other forms. To describe further were to repeat my former description of the ¢. The accompanying illustration best contrasts the two sexes of M. thoosa with those of M. polyphemus; the upper pair are M. thoosa; the lower, M. polyphemus as typical as I could select from 126 specimens. The figures are reduced one-half. As far as I can learn, M. thoosa belongs to the eastern coast, and M. polyphemus and luna to the central and western portion of Mexico. . 3. Tuber¢les black ; nervures blackish ; smaller, only 5.5 mm. long. renimaculatus Ckll. Tubercles yellow ; nervures brownish; over 7mm. long... .. . 4. 4. Median process of labrum more strdngly narrowed toward the scarcely emarginate apex, its sides distinctly sinuate ; stigma brownish- fascous 3 8 amar sts. ee OS Wie: es stigmalis n. sp. Median process of labrum less strongly narrowed toward the distinctly emarginate apex, its sides straight; stigma pale brown; 7.5 WS 4 ale ears bees sees ey 5. Cireens uniformly punctured ; scape wholly black ; lateral face marks acute above ; strize at base of metathorax souabor: expallidus n. sp. Clypeus with a basal median impunctate line ; scape yellow in front ; lateral face marks obtuse above; striz at base of metathorax STUMAOE Sigh ei gro a ong a ss . simulans n. sp. 6. Clypeus“uniformly punctured ; upper limit of yellow on face curved; GMS oe oan fo RRs, gy pe ornatipes (Cress. ). Clypeus with a median depressed impunctate line ; upper limit of asl low on face straight ; larger, 8-8.5 mm 7. Scape yellow in frombsc 45 a6 66 eis lies asin sco horizontalis n. on SCOPE WRMUTY COCR i ee eis aah ae ae piercei Crawf. May, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 185 FEMALES. Front and vertex very sparsely and weakly punctured, shiny ; 9 mm. malvastri n. sp. Front and vertex strongly punctured .........-+.+...+-.--. I. I RCT sn. gc us Gg RAs ka a: cial Saito 2. RE a eR PU oe) 52 ag a a a 2. Clypeus entirely black, no supraclypeal mark ; 8 mm. . innuptus CkIl. Clypeus with a yellow mark combining with yellow supraclypeal spot ; RR et as oy phere amar _. . .Yenimaculatus CkIil. 3. Wings smoky, nervures black; smaller, 7 mm. . . ornatipes (Cress. ). Wings clear, nervures brownish : larger, 8mm. orover. .... .4. 4. Mesonotum finely punctured, ‘spaisély so on disk ; clypeus separatedly and less coarsely punctured ; joint 3 =4+5. . piercei Crawf. Mesonotum coarsely punctured ; clypeus coarsely puncto-striate ; joint IEE TI Ge Tae eisai a) Sea ee Ue day uy a SCARE Me 5. 5. Nervures dark brown. .... Bee Py tag eae SS ape stigmalis n. sp. Nervures pale brownish-testaceous ......... simulans n. sp. (The females of exfallidus and horizontalis are unknown— possibly they are not distinguishable from szmzdans and piercez.) Genus PSEUDOPANURGUS Cockerell. 1. Psendopanurgus fuscipennis (Crawford). The only records of this bee are the two cotypes collected by Mr. J. C. Crawford, at West Point, Nebraska, September 18 and 20, 1903, on Bidens chrysanthemotdes. It is suggested that this species is likely to prove the same as P. aethiops Cres- son, but we have not been able to make a direct comparison, so leave it as distinct. Protandrenopsis Crawford, however, is the same as Pseudopanurgus Ckll. Genus PROTANDRENA Cockerell. 1. Protandrena asclepiadis Cockerell. Entire State except in Transition zone of Sioux County; West Point, Weeping Water, Carns and Dundy County, Ne- braska, flying during July on Petalostemon violaceus, Solanum rostratum, Melilotus alba, Symphoricarpos occidentalis and Medicago sativa. P. bancrofti Dunning, described from Colo- rado, is the female of P. asclepiadis Ckll., and the species should be known by the older name, as above. 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’07 2. Protandrena cockerelli Dunning. Distribution the. same as that of asclepiadis; specimens of both sexes are from Lincoln, Neligh, Carns, and Benkelman, Nebraska, taken July 1-26, on Petalostemon violaceus, Sola- num rostratum. and Cassia chamaechrista. The two species may be separated thus: FEMALES. Tubercles and a spot on tegulae yellow; supraclypeal area black, a yel- low subtriangular mark occupying the upper half of clypeus ; wings heavily clouded ooh. ee asclepiadis Ckll. Tubercles black, tegulae rufo-piceous, without yellow ; supraclypeal area mostly or entirely yellow, sides of face with yellow spots, the upper half of clypeus yellow, with two black spots; wings much less clonded . 355). 460% 40 we oles cockerelli Dunning. MALES. Tubercles and a spot on tegulae yellow ; upper margin of yellow area on face uneven, highest medially ; less shiny. . . asclepiadis Ckll. Tubercles dark, tegulz rufo-piceous, without yellow; upper margin of yellow area on face perfectly straight, more shiny. . cockerelli Dunning. Appendix:—For the convenience of students, we wish to take the opportunity of here describing another interesting new Spinoliella. Spinoliella hesperia n. sp. ?.—Length 7 mm.; clypeus, except two very small basal black dots, labrum, mandibles except tips, supraclypeal area, dog’s ear marks and lateral face marks extending above level of antenne and running up in a narrow line along orbits nearly to vertex, bright yellow. Vertex with two large, irregular yellow spots, which occupy most of the area between the lateral ocelli and the eyes. Antenne black, with the front of the scape yellow and the flagellum brownish beneath. Thorax black, the prothorax with a narrow transverse yellow band, the tubercles, postscutellum and a spot at base of tegule also bright yellow, rest of tegule black. Wings clear, nervures dark brown. Abdomen black, the middle of segments 1-4 with very broad, bright yellow transverse bands, interrupted medially on 1 and 2, very broadly on 2, complete on 3 and 4. Legs black, with all the knees, first four tarsi, anterior tibiz and intermediate tibie, except for large spots on each side, yellow. Front, whole of thorax, legs and tip of abdomen with short, erect, fairly dense gray pubescence. d.—Length 6 mm.; face marked as in 2 except that the lateral marks May, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 187 run broadly up to vertex and end truncately, and there are no yellow spots on vertex. Antennz wholly yellow except for a black line on top of scape which extends, though broken, along the basal half of flagellum also. Segments 1-6 of abdomen with complete transverse bright yellow bands, broad on 1-4 with the anterior middle notched and with an oblong black mark near the posterior margin on each side. Legs bright yellow, except for black marks on the back of anterior and intermediate tibie, femora, trochanters and coxz, the posterior coxz, trochanters, and basal two-thirds of femora black. Types :—Southern California, ¢, 2. (Collector unknown). Also a single ¢ paratype from type locality. This species is notable for the light face in both sexes. The general appear- ance of S. hesperia, is much like S. scutellaris, known only in the ¢, which was described from the same State, but it is much smaller and differs in several minor details. The hind legs of the ¢ are suggestive of S. pictipes, which is, however, otherwise quite different. Notes on Lachnus platanicola Riley. By Warren T. Crarke, Auburn, Alabama. Early in November of last year, 1906, the writer’s attention was drawn to certain aphids found upon limbs of the sycamore in the city of Montgomery, Alabama. On investigation, these proved to be representatives of the species Lachnus platanicola, first described and figured by Riley, in American Naturalist, 17, p. 198; 1883. Townsend, in Insect Life 1, pp. 197-198, 1888, and Oestlund, Aphide of Minnesota, p. 32, 1887, also made brief mention of the insect, while Weed, in Insect Life, 3, pp. 286-287, re-describes and figures it very fully. Reference is made to the above bibliography for technical description of this giant among the Aphididz, the notes here given being merely intended to record its presence in Alabama as late as November, 1906, and further to record certain observations made upon it - at the time. My notes read as follows: “Lachnus platanicola Riley, on Platanus occidentalis (sycamore). Localities, Montgomery County, Randolph County and Mobile County, Alabama. Invariably on under sides of smaller limbs. Colonies large and 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’o7 much exudation of ‘honey dew.’ Found present apterous and winged viviparous females and winged males.” The process of viviparous reproduction was observed. The fully grown female (measuring in the two cases noted, four millimeters in width at the middle of the abdomen and seven millimeters in length), apparently became restless, waving her long hind legs about in the air and swinging on the limb, from side to side, her inserted beak acting as a mooring point. This active and somewhat convulsive movement was kept up for three or four minutes and then the female became quiet. At the end of another three or four minutes activity would again begin, but not so pronounced as at first, and the young insect began to appear. At this point the activity of the mother Lachnus ceased and the new-born insect freed itself from her by its own efforts. For a few minutes after birth the young Lachnus remained quiet, apparently resting from its exertions and drying, and then backed away and found some unoccupied spot on the twig. Here it settled down, and in about an hour after birth it had inserted its beak into the twig and had begun to suck. Observations were made for two hours in each case during the warmest time of the afternoon, from one to three o'clock. In both instances three young were born in the time mentioned. In one case, observations were continued for one hour longer, from three to four, and no young were produced during this period. It was not possible for me to make further observations, but the evidence so far seems to point to the young being born only during the heat of the day. While the winged males were present no oviparous females were seen and no eggs were found. This Lachnus was not generally distributed through Alabama last year, for the winter found but the three trees with the insect present, though many sycamores were examined. It seems to be of no special economic importance. I SHALL be glad to undertake the determination of American Syrphi- dae for any of the readers of the NEws.—Raymonp C. Ospurn, Colum- bia Univ., New York. SSP OREN GE ed Th, May, ’o7] : y, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 189 A New Genus of Atropidae. By SAmuet E. Weper, Lancaster, Pa. The Atropide were originally set apart from the Psocide as pos- sessing neither wings or ocelli, but in the three genera Psoquilla Hagen, Dorypteryx Aaron, Psocinella Bangs (Psocatropos Ribaga) we find in all of them one pair of rudimendary venated wings. To these I may add a fifth genus with fully developed ocelli and possessing two pairs of venated wings: we have then, as the generic term implies, an Atro- pid with oéelli. OCELLATARIA gen. nov. Fully developed ocelli. Head oblong. Emarginate on the vertex. Clypeus small. Lips prominent. Eyes not prominent, composed of small ocelli. Antennz filiform longer than body, 18 to 30 articulations beyond two stronger basilar joints. Palpi four-jointed, the last joint tapered to a point at apex. Maxillz tridentate, meso- and metathorax free. Two pairs of rudimentary venated wings. Femora not dilated. Tibie half as thick as femora, and longer than femora. Tarsi three jointed, the first joint longest, the second shortest. Claws bidentate. Body very scantily clothed with hair. This genus differs from all the other Atropide in that it has not a prominent clypeus, and its head is more oblong than that of other genera and is more prominent between the eyes, and is emarginate on the vertex. The ocelli contrast this genus most strikingly from other described Atropide. A further difference in structure is the two pairs of venated wings found in Ocellataria, which does not occur in any of the other genera. Ocellataria gravinympha sp. nov... Length (3) 1.7-2 mm.; (2) 2-23 mm. (Fig. I.)* The ground color of tlie body is of a faint yellowish-white covered by a fine granular layer of bluish grey, most profuse on the ventral surface of the abdomen and on the legs, which are darker than the other parts of the body, with the exception of the borders and veins of the wings, which, like the eyes, are black. The head appears lighter in color than the other parts of the body; it is darker from the line *This figure without description appeared in an article on “The Pos- sible Dissemination of Tubercle Bacilli by Insects,” N. Y. Med. Journal, Vol. Ixxxiv, No. 18, p. 884, November 3, 1906. This paper is an example of the economic importance of the Psocide. 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’07 of the eyes and ocelli back and lighter from that line to the mouth. .A few white hairs clothe the head, clypeus and lips, and are more numerous over the latter. Maxillary palpi white. Antenne white. A fox-red band extends forward from the eye and becomes obsolete at the root of the antenne. A light fusion of the same color is found surrounding the anterior ocellus, extending towards the clypeus. The ocelli are mounted in three beautiful rounded dark cherry-red bodies. Fig. 1.—1st and 2nd wings of Ocellataria gravinympha. The prothorax marked on the side by a fox-red stripe. Superior surface of femora darker than the inferior. .The mesothorax is light reddish-brown on the dorsum, and towards the anterior border con- tains a light median spot. Under the wings it is white. The meta- thorax is marked the same on the dorsum. The wings are of a transparent glassy white structure. The margins and veins black. The first segment of the abdomen is white; the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth are bluish-grey on the dorsal surface, the seventh is lighter in color, the eighth and ninth or apical retractive portion of the abdomen is dark. To the unaided eye the general color effect of the insect is that of a dark greyish spotted body with a faint yellowish head. With the hand glass, appear the beautiful red mounted ocelli and black eyes and yellow head, dark thorax and wings, the white first and seventh abdominal segments with the rest bluish grey, which renders the insect of a spotted appearance. The first pair of femora are slightly dilated and are larger than those of the middle or hind pair. The front tibiz are slightly longer than the femora; the tarsi nearly as long as the tibiz, the first _ tarsal joint is longer than the combined length of the second and third. The middle pair of tibie are about one-fifth longer than the femora; the tibiz are one-fourth longer than the tarsi; the first tarsal joint one and one-half times longer than the second and third joints wo May, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 191 combined. The tibie of the hind pair are nearly twice the length of the femora; the tarsi two and one-half times longer than the tibie; the first tarsal joint twice as long as the second and third. The legs are sparsely clothed with short hair. The first and second joints of the tarsi are armed with two little spurs on the under side of their apices. Claws, bidentate. Two pairs of venated hyaline wings; the first pair cng tn ina ily! fg itn eo Fig. 2.—Mandibles and maxille of O. gravinympha. ment of epiderm. three times as long as wide, and reach to, or extend half way over the first segment of the abdomen. The attachment to the mesothorax extends over nearly the whole width of the wing at its base. It is vested by a heavy aculeate border and veins. The large single vein takes its origin about the middle of the base, then makes a slight turn towards the anal side, then to the costal side, when it bifurcates to form a lozenge-shaped discoidal cell about the middle of the wing. On the anal side it sends off a branch nearly at right angles which ex- : tends to the border. On the costal side further towards the apex another Fig. 4.—Egg of O. gravinympha, much enlarged, on left. Apical 3rd of rst tarsus, on right. Fig. 3.—Portion of posterior tibia showing arrange- 192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’o7 branch is sent out, very heavy at its origin and very light for two- thirds of the distance to the margin. At the apical end of the discoidal ‘cell two branches are given off, one extending to the costal, and the other to the anal, side of the apex of the wing. On the border of the wing on each side occur from 4 to § infundibule, each one of which is clothed with a small seta. A few larger sete are scattered over the Fig. 5.—Ocelloria gravinympha (@). veins. The wing presents an undulating surface; the attachment ‘at base is high, then it descends and rises again at the basilar third at about the bifurcation of the vein, which is the highest point of the wave, then it curves downward through middle of discoidal cell, takes a gradual rise, and comes to a higher point at the apical end of discoidal cell, after which it runs flat to the apex. The pos- —— May, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 193 terior wings are shorter and narrower than the anterior pair, the costal margin nearly straight. Apex obtuse. A simple vein extends from the base obliquely towards the anal side and bifurcates, one simple branch extending to the apical margin on anal side, the other to anal _ border beyond the middle, forming a triangular cellule. Habitat—Lancaster, Pa. It is an indoor species. Types.—Two males and one female, No. 46,844, U. S. N. M. In its movements it is unlike many other Psocids, since it generally walks about slowly and runs only when disturbed. ‘Tt has a peculiar lateral or duck-like motion of the head when walking which is not possessed by any other species known to me in this family. It does not jump. It does not spin. I have found this species to remain in a cellar, where they were placed in several boxes of bones, and to breed in the original boxes for three seasons. They were also found on wine jugs, barrels and boxes in the same cellar after this introduction. This is the only instance known to me where Atropidze remained where dampness existed. I have noted this form active on April 28, and it is probably the first Psocid to resume activity in the spring. One of the most remarkable features in the life history of this species, in some instances, is the early development and deposition of eggs which occurs already in stage III, the next to last moult. When these gravid female nymphs are seen run- ning among the males and females, the picture is so striking that they seem to be a widely different species, for they are much larger than even their nongravid mothers, and are of a bright yellow color. The eggs are eliptical in shape. The adult usually deposits from five to seven and glues them fast in cracks or other favorable places. They hatch in from eight to ten days, according to conditions. The nymphs moult apparently three times. A great diver- gence in the development occurs between male and female, _ since the former is born blind and the latter has from three to five ocelli as it issues from the ovum. These blind males have no trace of any development toward the formation of eyes in stage I, and the eye does not develop until late in nymphal life ; they frequently have but two or three ocelli by the time the latter part of stage III is reached; while at the same time the 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’o07 ocelli—between the eyes—become discernible through the . appearance of glassy facets, but do not have a fully developed base. The antennz, at birth, have six or seven articulations aside from the two larger constituting the base. The wings are also much slower in developing than those of the female. The antennz after the first moult—stage II—are composed of from twelve to fifteen articulations beyond the base. Small wingpads now make their appearance. The males are smaller and receive the peculiar color marks of the abdomen, which is not the case with the female until the last moult setting forth the adult form. The lack of development of the eyes in the male nymphs is accompanied by remarkable development of some other parts, e€. g. some specimens are found with the antenne having even more articulations than are found in the imago, while the eye is rudimentary. The nymphs of both sexes in stage III have two-jointed tarsi and from nineteen to twenty-three articulations in the antenne. The female nymphs in this stage are of a beautiful faint yellow, with the head of an amber tint. The thorax is of a light reddish-brown color. The ocelli are plainly marked and the eyes are not fully developed. The antennz contain sixteen to twenty-four articulations. The tarsi two-jointed. This latter structural difference, and the short, broad, and uniformly bright yellow-colored abdomen of the gravid female nymph contrasts it readily from the regular female imago of the same species, which is marked as shown in Fig. 1. Five large gravid female nymphs taken Siciciuber 5, 1905, and put in a bottle, were soon thereafter found to have de- posited three eggs, but they did not hatch. In these gravid nymphs the tarsi were two-jointed. Antennz from sixteen to twenty-four articulations beyond the basilar portion. Wings large but no venation. By September 8th they were moulted and had the color of the adult female as per Fig. 1. These facts of early oval development occur undoubtedly without the intervention of male and female, and indicate ‘that we have the data of parthenogenesis exemplified in this species. May, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 195 The Bumblebees of Southern Maine: By Joun H. Lovett, Waldoboro, Maine. The bumblebees of New England have received very little attention since the publication of the late Dr. Packard’s paper in the Proceedings of the Essex Institute, in 1864. In this contribution he lists the following species as found in Maine: B. fervidus, pennsylvanicus, terricola, virginicus, vagans and ternarius, the last on the authority of Cresson. Of the species _ of Psithyrus he mentions collecting several female specimens of P. ashtonii at Brunswick, Maine. It is the object of the pres- ent paper to enumerate the species taken in southern Maine, at Waldoboro, and to give a few of the more important flower- records. The earliest date in spring on which females of Bombus have been observed is April 30th, when B. terricola and B. ternarius have been found visiting the aments of Salix discolor. During the autumn of the current year (1906) I made a special effort to determine the latest date any of the species continued on the wing. On September 18th, a mild, clear day, I found no bumblebees on the asters and goldenrods, though there were many honeybees at work on the latter. In a field of red clover (Trifolium pratense), however, specimens of B. consimilis, fervidus and borealis were still fairly common. Very likely they continued to fly for a few days longer, but on the night of September 24th there was a hard frost, killing all tender gardén plants and turning black nearly all of the clover heads. The following day was clear, warm and calm and butterflies were still flitting about over the clover field, but no bumblebees were to be seen. Apis mellifera L. 1758, Apis mellifera L., Syst. Nat. (10th ed.), p. 576. 1761, Apis mellifica L., Faun. Suec., p. 421. Dalla Torre in his catalogue, following the law of priority, -has given preference to the earlier name mellifera, which has also been adopted in the publications of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The question of the nomenclature of the honeybee has been fully discussed by Mr. Frank Benton in Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 6, 71, 1904. “Why Linnzus chose to change the name is not apparent,” but it is suggested by Mr. 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’o7 Benton that as there were no zoological canons to interfere, ‘Linnzeus considered that mellifica (honey-maker) was more appropriate than mellifera (honey-bearer.) Now after the lapse of nearly 150 years the older name is very properly re- stored. All of the workers of A. mellifera which I have taken in this locality are black or German bees, or are hybrids between this and the Italian variety. The black bee is so called because the entire dorsum of the abdomen is black, while pure Italians _ have yellow bands on the basal three abdominal segments. By selection bee-culturists have also produced four and five-banded Italians. Hybrids, which can be easily distinguished, are marked with only one or two yellow bands, but hybrids may be entirely black. Wild colonies living in hollow trees in the forest are not uncommon in this locality. The writer has two colonies of black bees which are kept largely for purposes of observation. In the spring of 1906 they left the hive for their first flight on March 28th, a mild sunny day, with a temperature of 48° F. in the shade. Num- bers of the bees which alighted on the snow became chilled and perished. The preceding month of January was exceptionally warm throughout the Northern States, and at Zanesville, Ohio, in latitude 40°, the maximum temperature on the 21st and 22d was 70° and 71° F. respectively, and the honeybees flew as freely as in the springtime, “carrying great loads of pollen from the maples.” They were also flying on six other days in this month. At Waldoboro they still continue to leave . the hives on every mild day in November. Providing the tem- perature be sufficiently high, the honeybee then may fly any day in the year. Strictly speaking, the domestic bee does not hi- bernate, since they consume food throughout the winter, and can endure a temperature below 40° F. for only a few days. (For experiments in chilling bees see Gleanings in Bee Culture, 34, 202. Feb. 15. 1906.) BOMBIDAE. Bombus terricola Kirby. ; 1837, Bombus terricola Kirby 9, Faun. Bor. Am., 4, 273. 1863, Bombus terricola Cr., 2 §, 3, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 2, 99. 1864, Bombus terricola Packard, ? $, g, Proc. Essex Inst., 4, 112, ¥ -_ - ——— May, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ 197 2.—Scutellum sometimes entirely black, but often yellow- ish; margin of the 5th abdominal segment fringed apically with yellow hair. The female has been taken on Salix discolor, April 30; S. bebbiana, May 13; Rhodora canadensis, May 28; Aesculus hippocastanum, May 31; Rosa humilis, July 10, and a variety of other flowers as Cornus alternifolia, Viburnum alnifolium and Gaylussacia resinosa. % —AlIl of the workers have the scutellum black, but the apical margin of the fifth segment is fringed with yellow. Collected on Rosa humilis, July 10; Aralia hispida, July 16; and later on many midsummer and August flowers, as Solidago bicolor, Gaultheria procumbens and Vicia cracca. é.—As remarked by Packard, the male might easily be mistaken for a worker; but the clypeus, which in the worker is smooth, is densely bearded with yellow hair in the male; the scutellum is sometimes black, but often with an admixture of yellow hair. Found visiting the flowers of Aralia hispida, July 15; Epilobium angustifolium, July 23; and later on Soli- dago bicolor and Eupatorium perfoliatum. Bombus ternarius Say. 1838, Bombus ternarius Say, go, Boston Jour., Nat. Hist. 1, 414. 1863, Bombus ternarius Cr., 2 3, 3, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 2, 104. 1864, Bombus ternarius Packard, 2 3, ¢, Proc. Essex Inst., 4, 116. 2 the yellow pubescence on the scutellum is in some speci- mens separated into two spots as in B. bifarius, which is prob- ably only a variety of this species. Captured on Salix discolor, April 30; S. bebbiana, May 12; Aesculus hippocastanum, May 31; also on Rhodora canadensis and Gaylusaccia resinosa. %.—The workers are much smaller than the females and the front is nearly black. Taken on Rhus typhina, July 10; Solidago, September 8; also on Aralia hispida and Eupatorium perfoliatum. $.—The form of the male is more slender than that of the “worker. I have taken it only on Solidago bicolor. Bombus fervidus Fabr. 1798, Apis fervida Fabr., Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 274. _ 1808, Bombus fervidus Fabr., Syst. Piez., p. 352. 1863, Bombus fervidus Cr., 2 $, d, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 2, 93. 1864, Bombus fervidus Packard, 2, ¢, Proc. Essex Inst., 4, 110. 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 07 ?.—Collected on Rhodora canadensis, May 28; Aesculus -hippocastanum, May 31; Falcata comosa, August 22; and Tri- folium pratense, September 18. %.—On Pontederia cordata, July 20; Falcata comosa, Au- gust 22; also on various garden flowers. $.—The male has been taken on the pasture thistle from July 30th to September 18th. Bombus borealis Kirby. 1837, Bombus borealis Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am., 4, 272. 1864, Bombus borealis Cr., 2 §, 3, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 3, 41. Bombus borealis differs from B. fervidus in the following characters: the pubescence is tawny yellow; the clypeus is smooth and shining, impunctate; the face between the clypeus and ocelli is clothed with pale yellow and the vertex with tawny yellow pubescence; the yellow pubescence of the thorax does not extend downward upon the pleura, and the black band be- tween the wings is wider. B. fervidus has the pubescence lemon yellow ; the clypeus sparingly punctured ; the front black except for a few yellow hairs above the insertion of the an- tennze, the vertex black; and the pleura is largely yellow. Both sexes and the workers have been taken in this locality, but they are much rarer than the corresponding forms of fervidus. I have no record of the capture of the females in spring. The workers have been taken on Pontederia cordata, which blooms from July 21st to August 1oth; on Vicia cracca; and on Tri- folium pratense, September 18th. Bombus consimilis Cr. . 1864, Bombus consimilis Cr., 9, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 3, 41. This is our most common species of Bombus, and according to Cresson it occurs also in Massachusetts and Canada, I have compared the local bees with an authentic set of specimens re- ceived from Mr. H. L. Viereck, with which they very closely agree. In one instance a female of this species has only the basal middle of the second segment yellow, resembling B. rid- ingsu Cr., of which I have specimens from New Haven, Conn. ? On the inflorescence of Salix bebbiana, May 13; Loni- cera ciliata, May 18; Rhodora canadensis, May 28; Clintonia borealis and many other plants. May, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 199 %.—Taken on Rhus typhina, July 10; Epilobium angusti- folium, July 23; Pontederia cordata, July 20; Falcata comosa, August 22; and Trifolium pratense, September 18. .—The male may be easily distinguished from the worker by a long tuft of pale yellow hair below the antenne. On Pontederia cordata, July 20; and Epilobium angustifolium, July 3v. Bombus bimaculatus Cr. 1863, Bombus bimaculatus Cr., d, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 2, 92. This species is probably only a variety of B. vagans Sm., from which it differs chiefly in having a round black spot on each side of the second abdominal segment. This character is, however, variable, and I have specimens which have the second segment entirely yellow. The female of B. bimaculatus is rather common on Rhodora canadensis and I have also taken it on Diervilla trifida. Psithyrus ashtonii Cr. 1864, Apathus ashtoni Cr., 2, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 3, 42. 1864, Apathus ashtoni Packard, ?, Proc. Essex Inst., 4, 118. 1896, Psithyrus ashtonii D. T., Cat. Hym., 10, 565. The female was taken on Vaccinium, June 16; and Solidago juncea, August 4. The male, which is undescribed, is smaller than the female, and the yellow and black pubescence is simi- larly distributed, except that the first segment is clothed later- ally with lemon-yellow hair. Observed on Epilobium angusti- folium, July 23; Aralia hispida, July 27; and the goldenrod, August 21. In fresh specimens the pubescence is a bright lemon-yellow, fading with age to grayish-yellow. Psithyrus laboriosus Fabr. 1804, Apathus laboriosus Fabr., 2, Syst. Piez., p. 352. 1854, Apathus citrinus Sm., ¢, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., 2, 385. 1863, Apathus laboriosus Cr., 2, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 2, 111. 1863, Apathus citrinus Cr., g, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 2, 112. 1863, Apathus contiguus Cr., od, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 2, 112. 1864, Apathus citrinus Packard, ¢, Proc. Essex Inst., 4, 119. 1864, Apathus contiguus Packard, d, Proc. Essex Inst., 4, 119. 1903, Psithyrus laboriosus Robt., 2, d, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 29, 178. The female has been collected on Pontederia cordata, July 21; Inula helenium, August 6; and Solidago, September 3. 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’o7 In Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 3: 247, 1864, Walsh makes the follow- ‘ing observation: “I may add here, that as I have recently cap- tured 17 8 4 of Apathus citrinus Smith in company with 4 2 2 of A. laboriosus Fabr., and as the 2 of the former and the ¢ of the latter species appear to be unknown, I incline to believe them to be the sexes of one and the same species.” The male resembles Bombus perplexus, and was so determined for me some years ago by an eminent entomologist; it is common in this locality on Epilobium angustifolium from July 20th to August 18th. Psithyrus contiguus Cr. differs from the male gf P. labo- riosus only in having the first two instead of the first three seg- ments lemon-yellow. In 1887 (Syn. Hym. N. Am. p. 307), Cresson considered it as only a variety of P. citrinus. After a careful examination of a rather large series of the males of P. laboriosus I find that the third segment may be entirely black, partially black, or that the yellow pubescence may be mixed with black. P. contiguus is doubtless only an instance where the yellow fails entirely; it has been taken July 30th on Carduus odoratus. CERATINIDAE. Ceratina dupla Say. 1837, Ceratina dupla Say, 2 3, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1, 387. 1864, Ceratina dupla Cr., 2, dB, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 2, 380. I take this opportunity to place on record the occurrence of C. dupla in this locality. The female has been taken from July 4th to August 21st on the rose, thistle and goldenrod. I have also specimens of both the male and female of this species, and of the male of C. tejonensis Cr. from Elkhart, Indiana, collected by R. J. Weith. Melalopha inornata (Neumcegen).—Last September Professor V. A. Clark sent me a number of larve, which had been found defoliating cottonwood (Populus) trees at Prescott, Arizona. The larve pupated on the way, and I was not able to determine them until recently, when a couple of fine M. inornata emerged. According to Packard’s great work on the Notodontidz, the precise locality of this species was un- known, and nothing had been rreonded about its transformations.— T. D. A. CocKkrrett. May, ’07] _ Differentials of Three North American Species of Libellula. By Puriip P. CALVERT. In the News for January, 1907, p. 30, was mentioned that, during our recent trip to Mexico, Libellula flavida (Hagen, - not Ramb.), new to that country, was taken. This capture has led me to study this species, in order to include it in the Supplement to the Odonate part of the Biologia Centrali- Americana. In a footnote to page 73 of Prof. J. B. Smith’s List of the Insects of New Jersey (27th Annual Report, New Jersey State Board of Agriculture, Supplement, 1900), I stated, ‘‘I have examined Rambur’s presumed type of flavida at Oxford, Eng- land. It is identical with p/wmbea Uhler, and therefore differ- ent from flavida Hagen, which latter will require a new name.’’ For flavida Hagen (nec Rambur), I now propose Libellula comanche. The nearest allies of Libellula comanche are L. flavida Ramb. and L. cyanea Fabr. These three species agree in having the dis- coidal triangle of the hind wings cross-veined, supratriangular cross-veins usually present on the front wings, usually absent on the hind, one cubito-anal (submedian Selys*) cross-vein, a bicolored pterostigma, and abdominal segment 8 of the female perfoliate. The differentials of these three species follow. Having be- fore me 7 3, 4 9 each of comanche and of flavida, I have used the same number of cyanea for this comparison; all the avail- able males of comanche are pruinose. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 201 Character. Vertex at apex. Frons L. comanche, nom. nov. (flavida Hagen.) With a yellow or orange spot. Cream-yellow. Cream-yellow to orange. L. flavida. (plumbea Uhler). Without such a spot. Bluish-black. Reddish-yellow to greenish-brown. L. cyanea, (guadrupla Say.) Without such a spot. Greenish-brown (young) to bluish- black. Greenish-yellow to olive. * The So Bo pene a wing-vein nomenclature is here employed, the Selysian synonyms being added in parenth 202 Character. of Nasus 9 of Labrum 4 Darker basal color- ing of the wings. Subcostal space ef distal to the darker basal / 2 coloring. First and second series of postcu- bital spaces Brown at apex of wings of female reaching proxi- mad Pterostigma. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. L. comanche, nom. nov. ( flavida Hagen.) Pale greenish-yel- low. Pale greenish-yel- - low. Yellow. Yellow to orange. Ochraceous exten- ding distad half- way,more or less, to first antecubi- tal, and halfway, more or less, to cubito-anal cross- vein (almost ab- sent in the front wings of a Cali- fornian male.) Uncolored. Pale yellow. With barely a trace of yellow (absent in a Californian male). 1.5 mm., halfway to distal end of stigma. d'. Proximal two- thirds cream-yel- low, remainder blackish-brown. L. flavida. ( plumbea Uhler. ) Olive to blackish- brown. Yellow to olive. Yellow to black, very narrowly orange on free edge. Yellow. A dark ochraceous or blackish- brown subcostal streak to first, second or third antecubital ; cub- ital (submedian) space ochraceous halfway to (front wing), or reach- ing distal to (hind wing), the cubito- anal cross-vein. _ Distinctly yellow. Distinctly yellow. Yellow or ochra- ceous. 3-5 mm., to distal end, or to distal fourth, of stigma. 3, 2. Proximal three-fourths to five-sixths, or al- most entirely, ochre- yellow, re- mainder _ black- ish-brown. [ May, ’07 L. cyanea. (quadrupla Say.) Brown to black. Greenish-yellow to olive. Brownish, narrowly orange on free edge, to entirely black. Yellow to greenish- yellow. A blackish - brown subcostal streak extending to the first or second (front wing), to the second or third (hind wing), antecubital ; cub- ital space ochra- ceous halfway to (front wing), or nearly reaching (hind wing), the cubito-anal cross- vein. Uncolored. Yellow. Pale yellow, more marked in the first series. 2-2.5 mm., two- thirds way to dis- tal end of stigma. 3. Proximal half to three-fifths cream-yellow, re- mainder blackish brown. Character. Pterostigma. Number of cells in _ internal triangle, front wing. Posttriangular rows to level of separation of M, (principal sec- tor), and M, (me- dian sector),front wing. Do., hind wing. Number of rows of cells between M, (short sector) and supplement next below, hind wings. Length, in mm. Abdomen { g Width of hind May, ’07] L. comanche, nom. nov. (flavida Hagen.) 2. Proximal half ochraceous, _re- mainder blackish brown. 8-4 (6 and 5 equally the more fre- quent). nN 36-32. 34-31. 42.5-37- 41-40. 5-3-5. 6-5.5. 12-10.5. II-Io. 8-7. 7-7-7-5- 8-6. 7-6.7. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. L. flavida. (plumbea Uhler.) 7-4 (5 most fre- quent). 4-3 (3 most fre- quent. 3-2 (2 followed by 3 most frequent). 2-1 (1 most fre- quent). 31.5-28. 31-27. 38-36. 40-36. 6-5.5. 203 L. cyanea. (quadrupla Say.) 5-3 (3 most fre- quent). 2-2 followed by 3 (2 most frequent) Leal 204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’07 L. comanche, nom. L. flavida. L. cyanea. nov. (flavida Hagen.) | (plumbea Uhler.) | (guadrupla Say.) Distribution : Montana; Yellow-|N. Jersey to Geor-| Manchester, New stone; Ontario in California (July, 1 6, Snodgrass) ; Dallas, Waco, Round Mountain gia. (I have stu- died 3 3, 1 Q, Haddonfield, Au- gust, Rhoads,and 1 6, Lakehurst, (June, Schaupp,4| July, Davis, in 36,42), and Pe-| N.J., 1, vicin- cos River, Texas;| ity of Philadel- Santa Rosalia| phia?; 1 2, Mit- Springs (August, Calvert, 2 6’), in Chihuahua, Mex. chell Co., N C., July, Skinner ; 2 3’, 2 2, Green- ville, S. C., Pat- terson and Cal- vert.) Hampshire to Greenville,South Carolina, west to Indiana. Notes on some species of Geometrids. By Harrison G. Dyar, Washington, D. C. In the April number of EntomotocicaL News, Mr. John A. Grossbeck has some notes on some of Hulst’s types of Geomet- ridae, which takes the form of a criticism of my own notes on these types. Mr. Grossbeck has been studying the material at his convenience, and it is not surprising if he has been able to correct my own more hurried notes. I am, however, dis- posed to maintain my original position in respect to some of the determinations. Hydriomene curvilinea Hulst. I cannot concur in Mr. Grossbeck’s separation of cwrvilinea and occidens. I have a good series of the species from the northwest, and the differential characters noted come within the range of variation. Hydriomene amorata Hulst. Mr. Grossbeck admits that one of the types is Petrophora defensaria Guen., but would hold the name on the other type. ~ c = >, ie _ oe ee May, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 205 I think, however, that the name should fall, for if one type is not defensaria, it is convallaria. I feel quite sure that there is not a third species so marked. Somatolophia umbripennis Hulst. Mr. Grossbeck has discovered that the type is a ¢ without antennz and with a @ abdomen of another species cleverly attached. Making the necessary correction, Somatolophia Hulst becomes a synonym of Selidosema, but the species wmbri- pennts is distinct from haydenata. I have gone over my ma- terial and am able to recognize both species. They are remark- ably alike, not only in markings, as Mr. Grossbeck admits, but also in color, for of my eleven umbripennis (without 3 hair pencil), several are fully as light in color as the haydenata. The description of the larva of Alcis haydenata Pack. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 390, 1903) must be credited to Selidosema umbripennis Hulst. Cymatophora festa Hulst. Mr. Grossbeck finds this to be a synonym of Macaria sequi- feraria Walk., instead of Delinia pulveraria Hulst, as found by me. I cannot explain this discrepancy, except through some mistake on my part. The species are certainly different enough. Selidosema correllatum Hulst. Mr. Grossbeck divides the species, limiting it to the Colorodan type, and describing the Californian type as pallescens. In the U. S. Nat. Mus. is also a type of correllatum from California and two other specimens. I suppose these represent pallescens, but the specific distinctness of it is scarcely obvious to me, if the specimen that I have from Ormsby Co., Nevada (C. F. Baker) is-the true correllatum, as I suppose. Much more dis- tinct is sericeata Hulst, of which I have a type from Prescott, Arizona, and also four recent specimens from Williams, Ariz. (Schwarz and Barber). Mr. Grossbeck is surely in error in citing the species as a synonym to correllatum. Mr. Wm. Scuaus has been collecting in Central America since Sep- tember, 1905. His present address is San José, Costa Rica. 206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’07 Our species of Plagodis Hubn. By Ricuarp F. PearsALi, Brooklyn, N. Y. The species which fall under this genus are rather well de- fined, and it would seem quite unnecessary to revise them. A curious mingling of two species under one name has occurred, however, in the case of keutzingi Grote. As Dr. Packard was about to publish his monograph in 1876, Professor Grote sent him a specimen, with description, he says, and name, keutzingt for publication (Can. Ent., VIII, p. 112). Doctor Packard mingled with it specimens from various places, which he de- scribed under the name of keutzingaria Pack., and figured them (Mono. plate XI, fig. 44), referring to the Grote specimen, in a few descriptive lines as a darker form. This drew a vigorous protest from Grote (Can. Ent., VIII, p. 154), who insisted that his name, keutzingi, should hold. Whether as the result of this or not, I do not know, but a figure of the Grote specimen appears (Mono. plate XIII, fig. 51), and in listing them (Dyar) keutzingaria Pack. is made a synonym of keutz- ingi Grote. Here the error occurs. I have taken both in the Catskill Mountains, the latter rarely, and they are about as distinct, one from the other, as could well be. Both names cannot have a place on our list as separate species, and as that of Professor Grote is recognized as entitled to priority, I propose for the other species the name aliruaria with keutzin- garia Pack, as its synonym. On the occasion of a recent visit to Reading, I saw in the collection of the late Doctor Strecker a ¢ and @ of a species, a single ¢ of which, taken at Scranton, Pa., came to me some two months ago, through the kindness of Mr. M. Rothke, of that city. They were labeled Plagodis purpurartia Pack. Doctor Packard may have given this name to Doctor Strecker, but he never published any description of it. The species must be quite rare, for I have never seen it in any other collection. Those in the Strecker collection were also taken in Pennsylvania. How markedly different from our other species it is, the following description, .under the name selected by Doctor Packard, will show: May, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 207 Plagodis purpuraria n. sp. Expanse 29-30 mm.; forewings deeply notched at anal angle, as in keutzingaria, but narrower; palpi reddish-purple, tipped with orange; front, vertex, base of patagia, and costa at base, deep reddish-purple; collar gray, tinged with lilac; antenne yellow, tipped with violet; thorax in front, and patagia, bright brownish orange, which rapidly fades into pale yellow poste- riorly ; abdomen pale yellow, a few scattering scales, centrally, of jet black, at tip and beneath orange, the whole washed thinly with violet; forewings soft, bright, brownish orange without basal lines, striations, or discal spots. This color ceases abrupt- ly, extradiscally at costa, about two-thirds out, thence inwardly in a straight line to cell, at base of vein 3, it runs nearly straight to inner border of wing, thus forming a slight angle. Inwardly along this margin there is a diffuse shading of brown- ish from costa to vein 3, below which black and violet shades are intermingled and form the suggestion of a vine, while outwardly a wide border, broadest centrally, of lilac scales (changing to white at costa and along it to apex), dis- closing as it fades out about half way to margin, the bright, brownish orange ground color which succeeds it, submarginally from apex to notch. At inner margin the subterminal space is nearly filled with a cloud of black and purple scales, washed with lilac. Fringe orange above notch, purple within it. Hind wings pale yellow, marginally washed with orange. On inner margin two thirds from base, a blotch of orange, black and purple scales indicate the termination of a shadowy line cross- ing the wing centrally. Before anal angle a few black and pur- ple scales, overspread with lilac, not so prominent as on fore wings. Fringe orange, shading into lilac at anal angle. No _ discal dots. Beneath forewings bright orange above cell, from _ base to apex below cell, almost white. A diffuse band of orange crosses both wings centrally. Hind wings pale orange basally, pale yellow to margin, beyond central cross band. No discal dots on either wings, legs brownish orange washed with purple. Type ¢ in my collection. The @? in the Strecker collection should be a type and the ¢ a co-type, but I have no descriptive notes of the former, and while it presents no difference in color 208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’07 or markings from my é that I could discover, I refrain from giving it that standing at present. The species is a beautiful one, as will be seen, and its markings approach in style the emargataria Gn. That species is larger, a brown afé au lait color, slightly strigate, with prominent discal dots and quite different in appearance. Kempu Hulst, the type of which is a 9, seems to me an extreme varietal form of alcoolaria Gn. It is a fresh specimen, with the ground color paler, less strigate or mottled, with the cross lines more sharply drawn; otherwise the same. I would list our species as follows: Serinaria H-Sch. Fervidaria H-Sch. —=subprivaria Walk. = excurvaria Mor. =floscularia Grote. Alcoolaria Gn. . var. rosaria Grote. var. kempii Hulst. Keutzingi Grote. Phlogosaria Gn. =xnigrescaria Hulst. Emargataria Gn. Altruaria Pears. =arrogaria Hulst. =keutzingaria Pack. Purpuraria Pears. Approximaria Dyar. —08r- THE VITALITY and power of resistance of the sheep tick, Melophagus ovinus Linn. Being interested in a woolpulling establishment, I have had the opportunity of observing the terrible punishment inflicted upon the sheep ticks, after the sheepskins are brought into the shop, and how they come out whole and very much alive after said punish- ment. The skins are brought in all day up to six o’clock P. M., and are put into large cement vats with running water, in which the skins are totally submerged; they remain in these vats over night, and the following morning are run through a scrub machine, a machine for cleaning the wool, with steel blades on a cylinder, revolving nine hundred times per minute; these blades and the force of water make the wool as white as the driven snow, taking out burs and dirt. The skins are then put into a hydro-extractor revolving twelve hundred times a minute, from which the skins come out very nearly dry; they are then painted on the pelt side with a very strong solution of sulphide of sodium, folded, wool out, and laid in piles twelve high; in this position they remain for at least twenty-four hours, when they go to the pullers’ beams, and it is here that the pullers have their troubles, for unless they see the ticks first, the latter will get under their clothing wherever there is a chance, and try to make up the time lost in the two or three days’ fast. They finally succumb, however. ‘after the wool is pulled and goes into the drying machine, where the temperature: is two hundred and fifty degrees Fahrenheit—Franx HariMBAcH, Philadelphia. May, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 209 Records of Orthoptera from the Vicinity of Browns- ville, Texas. By JAmeEs A. G. REBN. Although the Orthoptera of the Brownsville region have been well examined and reported on at length by Caudell,* the fol- lowing records may add desirable information regarding the occurrence of certain species not included in that paper, and, taken with the work mentioned above, give a comprehensive summary of the Orthoptera of that region. Three species are here added to the fauna of the United States and nineteen are additional to Caudell’s paper, in which forty-six were recorded. The material collected by Mr. Schaeffer is in the collection of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences and that obtained by Prof. Snow in the cabinet of the University of Kansas. The author wishes to thank both of these gentlemen for the privilege of examining the material from these institutions. FORFICULIDAE. Spongiphora apicidentata Caudell. Isabel, August 5. (Schaeffer.) 1 3. Apterygida linearis (Eschscholtz). Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 9°. ‘ BLATTIDAE. Pseudomops oblongata (Linnaeus). Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 9. This specimen represents true oblongata, agreeing fully with individuals of this species from Morelos, Mexico, and Costa Rica. This record is the first of the species within the United States. _ Chorisoneura texensis Saussure and Zehntner. ' Brownsville, July. (Snow.) 1 ¢. Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus). Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 9, 1 nymph. * Bull. Brooklyn Inst. Arts and Sciences, I, No. 4, pp. 105-116, pl. vi-vii, 1904. 210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’07 Homoeogamia bolliana Saussure. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 3. This specimen is more infuscate than usual in central Texan specimens, but it is not the extreme dark form to which Cau- dell has applied the name mzgricans (1. c. p. 107). Latindia schwarzi Caudell. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 3. This specimen is slightly smaller than Caudell’s original measurements, the tegmina being 5.5 instead of 7 to 8 milli- metres in length. MANTIDAE. Stagmomantis carolina (Linnaeus). Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 3. Bactromantis virga Scudder. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) I 9. Theoclytes chlorophaea (Blanchard). Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 immature individual. This specimen has been compared with an adult from Mexico. PHASMIDAE. Diapheromera persimllis Caudell. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 9. As far as can be determined from the female sex this speci- men appears to belong to Caudell’s species. , ACRIDIDAE. Apotettix brevipennis Hancock. Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, Hs 13. (Schaeffer. seer This species was described from Paige, Texas. Paratettix texanus Hancock. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 14,19. Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, July. (Schaeffer.) 1 9. Orphulella picturata Scudder. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1%,1 @. These specimens are not as highly colored as Galveston in- dividuals. Opeia pallida Bruner. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 13,1 9. These specimens appear to belong to this species, which was ———— May, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 211 _ described from Montelovez, Coahuila, Mexico. The lateral __ earinae of the pronotum are slightly converging cephalad as _. described by Bruner. _ Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer). Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 3. Encoptolophus fuliginosus Bruner. Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, May and August rst. (Schaeffer.) 2%. . These specimens are referred to this species with a little un- certainty, but almost entirely on account of the distance be- tween the type locality (Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua, Mexico) and that given above. In structure these specimens appear to fully agree with the original description and tally thoroughly in the dimensions. Encoptolophus texensis Bruner. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 ¢. Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, August 17th. (Schaeffer.) 1 9. These specimens appear to be quite typical, except that the two females vary in the length of the tegmina and of the cau- dal femora. Spharagemon cristatum Scudder. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 9. Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, June. (Schaeffer.) 1 9. The Esperanza Ranch individual has the pronotal crest higher caudad than in the other specimen, the same portion being bulbous dorsad. The Brownsville specimen has this region more rugose and with the arch lower as well as the g caudad angle of the pronotum less produced though acute. _ Tomonotus aztecus (Saussure). Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 ¢,1 9. _ These specimens have been compared with Mexican speci- mens. E 3 Mestobregma texanum (Saussure). "Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 3, 1 9. Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, June 25th and August 3d. (Schaeffer. ) aero. >. 212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’07 Schistocerca alutacea (Harris). Between Alice and Brownsville, July. (Schaeffer.) 1 ¢. Schistocerca obscura (Fabricius). Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 %. TETTIGONIDAE. Orchelimum vulgare Harris. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 9. Xiphidion fasciatum (De Geer). Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 3,2 9. Stipator sp. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 3,1 Q. GRYLLIDAE. Gryllotalpa borealis Burm. Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, May 25th. (Schaeffer.) 1%. This specimen is one of the long-winged type (columbia). Ellipes minuta (Scudder). Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 9. Nemobius neomexicanus Scudder. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 ¢,1 9. Nemobius sp. 5 Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 ¢. Gryllus luctuosus Serville. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 %. This individual belongs to the form adbreviatus. Anaxipha exigua (Say). Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 4%. Oecanthus quadripunctatus Beutenmiiller. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 3,19. Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, August 18th. (Schaeffer.) 1 9. Oecanthus pini Beutenmiiller. Brownsville, June. (Snow.) 1 9. _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENToMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy ’’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five “extras,” without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., May, 1907. We have always made it a point to take our subscribers and well-wishers into our confidence and tell them our aims and hopes and what we propose todo. It has always been our ambition to improve the NEws in every way in our power and not increase the price of subscription. It is our wish at the present time to publish at least fifty pages a month, and give twenty-five full plates in each volume. In the last number issued we had fifty-two pages and six full-page plates. The articles we are publishing are of great scientific interest and we are getting many papers of thisclass. The increased num- ber of pages will enable us to get them out promptly. _ We are also endeavoring to have the copies mailed by the first of each month. We are thus doing all we can, and the rest must be done by our subscribers. Every new subscrip- tion we get enables us to improve the NEws, so it is to the interest of all to aid us as far as possible in this way. We believe we are publishing the best monthly entomologi- “cal journal in the world at such a moderate price. We would like more color plates, and trust an increased subscription list will enable us to achieve this very desirable addition to the value of the News, 213 214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, ’o07 Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. WILL name Micro-Lepidoptera—all families except Phycitinae—W. D. Kearrortt, Montclair, N. J. A. L. MELANDER, Agric. Exper. Station, Pullman, haeyeacrstiy will name Empididz and fossil Diptera. HENRY ENGEL has removed from Pittsburgh, Pa., to New Brighton, Pa. Correspondents are requested to kindly address letters and parcels as follows: Merrick Museum, 5th Ave. and 11th St., New Brighton, Pa. FARMINGTON—Ah, there’s that old poem about husking bees. I always did like that. DuMmLery —Husking bees? What do you mean? FARMINGTON—Why, were you never in the country during the season of husking bees? DuMLEY—No. How in the world do you husk a bee? THE LAKE LABORATORY of the Ohio State University, located on Cedar Point near Sandusky, is designed to provide a meeting ground for teachers and students of biology, to afford opportunity for the investiga- tion of the biology of the lake region, and for giving certain courses of instruction in biological subjects. Entomology—field and laboratory course, including instruction in col- lecting, mounting and identifying insects in connection with studies in life history and anatomy. Excellent opportunities, for life-history studies are offered both on aquatic and terrestrial forms. The course of instruction will open June 24th and close August 2nd, the laboratory being open longer to students desiring to continue work. SAMIA RUBRA AND GLOVERI.—The question of the food plant having the property of changing the color values of various species has been long admitted, and in dealing with S. rubra, I was interested in the fact that larve fed on birch at Ottawa from eggs furnished by me from wild rubra emerged as imago of a dark gray, having little trace of the reddish tint which is so noticeable with rubra; this led me to the further experiment of trying to feed rubra on tamarack which is the recognized food of gloveri. I parted a batch of eggs, placing some on its native food plant Coeanothus and the balance on tamarack (Sytix occidentalis); the growth of those on the tamarack was very slow, they only passed the first stage when those of the Coeanothus were passing the third, and continued to develop in the same ratio. . During the last stage they were offered Douglas fir and entirely for- sook the tamarack for that food, on which they seemed to thrive better May,"o7] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 215 Sid previously. Unfortunately I only secured one pupa from this ‘brood, and, as it is doubtful if I may this year have a chance of again _ breeding this insect, may I ask some of our western enthusiasts to try r the experiment this year to see if the food plant is the only distinguish- ing factor in the color and markings of this variable species?—J. W. CocKLe. =r Doings of Societies. At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social held Phila- delphia, February 20, 1907, there were seven members present. Mr. Harbeck exhibited his collection of the genus Tabanus, and remarked that Professor Hine had gone over his specimens of nigrovittatus and had picked out from them a number of specimens of conterminus. Professor J. B. Smith exhibited slides of lepidopterous wings colored with eosin, bringing out the venation very clearly. Mr. Haimbach has made some experiments with the color- ing of wings of a number of micros, according to the method given to him by Professor Smith, with more or less success, and will attempt here to give a brief outline of it, and would be pleased to hear from others who probably have had even _ better success. The wings are carefully nipped off, and put in alcohol for a few minutes, then transferred into Eau de La- barraque, which is the bleaching agent ; in this they are left until ‘all the color is bleached from the wings, and then put into clear water for a short time, then back into alcohol, and from that into the eosin, where they must remain until the desired result is reached ; in the case of small micros two hours will suffice, but in the larger moths twenty-four hours are required. 4 Judgment and practice are both essential features, and each j species must be treated according to its individual requirement. 3 After the wings have been long enough in eosin, they are : transferred into alcohol again to wash out the color from the ‘wings, being careful not to leave it too long, so that the veins i will not lose their color. They are then mounted on slides '_ with Canada balsam and xylol, and left to dry, which, unless artificially done, will require a week or ten days. - FRANK HarmBacu, Secretary. 216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | [May, ’07 At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social held March 20, 1907, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, No. 1523 S. Thirteenth Street, Philadelphia, there were seven members present, and Mr. Heiner visitor. Mr. Harbeck exhibited seven species of Diptera new to New Jersey list as follows: Hermetia illucens Linn., taken at Tren- ton, VII, 7; Temnostoma trifasciata Robertson, Anglesea, VI, 11; Rivellia boscti Desv., Trenton, V, 21; Euthera tentatrix Loew., Clementon, V, 30; Sturmia nigrita Town., Riverton, V, 19; Protocalliphora splendida Macq., Ashland, VII, 16, and Discocerma parva Loew., Ashland, V, 13. Mr. Haimbach gave an account of the vitality and power of resistance of the sheep tick, Melophagus ovinus, which account will appear in another part of this number. Mr. Haimbach exhibited the following fifteen species of recently described Micro-lepidoptera: Crambus placidellus Haimb., Crambus daeckellus Haimb., Thaumatopsis fernaldella Kearf., Epinotia haimbachiana Kearf., Hemimena_ bittana Busck, Ancylis diminutana Kearf., Phalonia rana Busck, Phalo- nia atomosana Busck, Hysterosia merrickana Kearf., Carposina fernaldana Busck, Gelechia nigrimaculella Busck, Mompha engelella Busck, Mompha stellella Busck, Epermenia imperial- ella Busck, and Amydria margoriella Dietz. Mr. Daecke exhibited a specimen of Pachnobia monochroma- tea Morr., taken at Brown’s Mills Junction, V, 20, 04, and a specimen of Spogostylum cephus Fab., taken by Mr. Haimbach at Roxborough, Philadelphia, VII, 8, 06. The type of this species is from South America, and is listed from Ga. Macgq., Va., O. S. Cat., and St. Augustine, Fla., Johnson. + FRANK Haimpacu, Secretary. or ERRATA. Mr. H. W. Wenzel wishes to note the following correction in the min- utes of December 19, 1906, ENT. NEws, XVIII, p. 68, in his reference to the color variation in the genus Phanaeus, it should read Phanaeus ignius, instead of in the genus Phanaeus. Pages numbered 164 and 165 in the News for April, 1907, should have ‘been 163 and 164 respectively. After line 6, page 140, insert ‘‘type of Walker’s carbonarius in the British Museum collec-’’ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. Vor. XVIII. JUNE, 1907. No. 6. CONTENTS: Haimbach—List of the Lepidoptera of Woodworth—The Classification of In- Five-Mile Beach, N. J.......--.--.- 217 WAC avons kUan CudabeW aks vee sss mena 243 Rehn—A new Walking Stick (Phasmi- Franklin—Ctenothrips, new genus.... 247 dae) from British Honduras ....... 229 | Engel—A Noctuid new to the North Calvert—An Entomological Journey in American Fauna. .....00..2-sces+e0 251 Mexico, with special reference to Grossbeck—A new genus and two new ER abeeaseus pln cae nd oals et ie AF Length of: mesonotirr teak 55s hee bold Ride aeieeoae Leer Length of metanotum (including median segment)......... Fi, Ray Letiet bf cephalic : femiutty oy s aecands . oss Fie bacew cone i9::.,.% Lengtli of. median: femuins ite icos' ris cuediin vss + soca ae cen’ 156.5% Lewgen -uertaudal. Temut: o6s aah i'sne aus «5 Ag k owen earn ps Pe The type is the only specimen of this interesting species seen by the author. ; *Whether this condition of the right cercus is normal for the species or not the author cannot say. It may be that the left is normally larger than the right or the alternative is that the right one in the type specimen is stunted. The left cercus is so well proportioned that the possibility of its being an excessive development can hardly be entertained. June, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 231 An Entomological Journey in Mexico, with Special reference to Odonata. By Puitip P. CALvert. As the manuscript on the Odonata for the Biologia Centrali- Americana drew near completion, in July, 1906, it seemed desirable to see some of the insects in their native haunts. Mrs. Calvert and I therefore undertook the journey here described with these two objects in view: to obtain a general idea of Mexico and to make some collections of Odonata, more especi- ally in the northern part of the plateau, that being an odonato- logically unknown region. Owing to the limited time at our command, the first of the these objects prevented our remaining long in one place so that our collections must be very incom- plete, even for that time of year, while our second object took us to some localities at which we otherwise would not have stopped. The present article will give our itinerary, for future reference, and some notes and suggestions which may be useful to other entomologists visiting the same country. It should be observed that our tour was made in the rainy season and that by common report the rains were heavier than usual. Partly for this cause, the trains on which we traveled were frequently delayed, the total amount of time thus lost beteween El Paso and Mexico City being 54 hours. Most of this loss occurred in such situations and at such times (after nightfall) as to prevent utilization. We shall not soon forget waiting under the open sky near the station at Aguascalientes from midnight to 4.30 A. M. for a train that was momentarily “expected,” through trains here, as in many other places, being one in every twenty-four hours. After Mexico City we had few delays until on the Southern Pacific in Texas. We found the “Excur- sion into Mexico” of the 1904 edition of Baedeker’s “United States” very useful. The data on the Odonata which we obtained have been in- corporated in a Supplement in the Biologia volume. Other insects, incidentally gathered, have been placed in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and in the University of Pennsylvania. 232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 ITINERARY. | July 25-27, 1906. At Colorado Springs. July 29-Aug. 3. At Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Arizona. ! Aug. 4, 5.. El Paso, Texas. Aug. 6. El Paso, or rather Ciudad Juarez on the opposite bank of the Rio Grande, to Guzman, Chihuahua, 78 miles in four-and-a-half hours by the Ferro Carril Rio Grande, Sierra Madre y Pacifico. Guzman consists of a railroad station and Chinese-kept hotel combined (accommodations poor) and about a dozen adobe houses close to the Lago, or Laguna, de Guzman. The muddy lake is permanent although its area shrinks in the dry season. It has no outlet. Its banks, near the “town” at least, are chiefly of porous andesite lava in whose cavities were great numbers of the Amphipod, Hyalella knickerbockeri var. inermis.* A small stream from a spring or well enters the lake near the station; along this stream were nine species of Odonata, including Plathemis subornata. Sur- rounding country largely desert, but there is some grazing land. Long-eared jack rabbits, horned toads, the large Dip- lopod Spirobolus, 6-7 inches long, and Pepsis conspicuous mem- bers of the fauna. Aug. 7. Returned to El Paso in the afternoon. The south- bound train to Casas Grandes, the termination of the line, runs on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, the north-bound on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. Aug. 9. El Paso to Nogales, Arizona. . Aug. 10. Nogales to Hermosillo by the Sonora Railway, returning Aug 11.. Hermosillo very hot (96° F. at 5 P. M., 91° F. at 3 A. M.) and depressing Rio Sonora almost entirely dried up. Very few insects visible, only one species of dragon- fly found—the wide-spread Orthemis ferruginea, and that in the irrigated plaza in front of the principal church. Good hotel (Arcadia, kept by Americans), electric lights and mule trams on the principal streets, mounted police, etc. Were I to repeat *For the identification thanks are due to Prof. S. J. Holmes, of the University of Wisconsin. - vy - ie ¢2 June, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 233 this part of our excursion, I should try Magdalena or Santa Ana, between Nogales and Hermosillo. Information about Sonora, train connections to Hermosillo, etc., was almost un- obtainable at El Paso, even at the Southern Pacific ticket agency. Aug. 12. At the Mexican town of Nogales (Hotel Modern, fair, French). River dried up. A very small cow pond at the southern end of the town furnished six species of Odonata. A fair number of other insects gathered in grassy fields, and under electric light before sunrise of next day. : Aug. 13. Returned to El Paso. Aug. 15. El Paso to Chihuahua City by Mexican Central. Aug. 16-18. Chihuahua City (Casa Robinson, American kept ; local report would make Hotel Palacio better). Rain in- terfered much with collecting, dragonflies scarce (2 spp.). Many wild flowers in blossom, butterflies and beetles abundant west of city, beyond the Santuario (tram-car from chief plaza), which seemed to be the best collecting ground near at hand. Great individual variation in colors of the Scarabaeid, Cotints mutabilis, in same spot, both here and at Santa Rosalia. Aug. 19, 20. Santa Rosalia. ~The warm sulphur springs, or bafios (Gran Hotel de la Cueva, fair, chiefly patronized by Americans) three miles above the town, on the Rio Conchos, reached by stage, afforded one of the best collecting grounds for dragonflies (12 spp.; northern limit of Erythrodiplax con- nata; Libellula favida Hagen = L. comanche nobis, see Ent News, May, 1907, page 201, new to Mexico) of our trip. Much cotton is raised in the vicinity. Aug. 21. Torreon (excellent new hotel Salvador) as a base for Aug. 22. San Pedro in Coahuila. At the railroad station (Monterey division of Mexican Central) are several ponds wherein Odonata breed ; imagos of 10 species taken. Between Torreon and San Pedro, a great cotton-raising district. Aug. 23. En route for Zacatecas. Aug. 24, 25. Zacatecas, a quaint and picturesque town in the midst of barren, silver-producing mountains, with almost no insects. 234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 Aug. 26, 27. Aguascalientes City. (Hotel Washington, -good). Ponds at the public baths near the railroad and also a little farther westward, but on the eastern edge of the town, yielded most of our Odonata (7 spp.) Aug. 28. Queretaro. Aug. 29.-Sept. 1. On or near Lake Chapala, chiefly at Ocot- lan (Hotel Central, small, unpretending, Spanish, good), also at Chapala (Hotel Arzapalo, excellent). The stage-route from Atequiza to Chapala was out of service, the road being im- passable from mud. 3 3 given to them in i ¢. 2 this diagram, and := "te are always placed a g Mase . together, though 3 i Pules Seis some authors make = re six orders; some oo kK h = h : suns | YEOLEDETERRSCarebas ¢ ree, uniting them A 36 id in pairs; others _ — , > ate uniting t ae $3 labs RTH, S our lower groups ; 38 Me orbeul Perla and still others © Ephemera only one, or a few e *,¢ a uniting the whole ce series with the ? < Neuroptera. 23 KK r iN ie Campodea seems + - a natural transition Macregenous groups Microgenous groups from Scolopen- 244 ENTOMOLOGICAL. NEWS. [June, ’07 drella, and Lepisma is generally looked,upon as very near to the ancestor of all the higher insects. Winged insects are usually conceded to have been derived from a single source, but recent authors have arranged them- selves into two camps, according as they regard the original insect to have been Blatta-like or Perla-like. The writer strongly inclines to the latter view. If the Blatta-like ancestor was accepted, however, the only change necessary in the dia- gram would be the location of Blatta in the place of Perla and the removal of the latter up the main stem towards Sialis. The Odonata and Ephemerida are usually recognized as dis- tinct orders by recent authors, though some would still unite them with the Neuroptera nearer to the Perla. The placing of these two groups apart from all other winged insects is an idea — originating with myself. The basis for this division is the fact that these ancient groups alone among insects existing since the palzeozoic era have the form of articulation of the wing which permits only a motion in one direction ; all other groups posses3- ing structures permitting the wing to lie parallel with the axis of the body when at rest. This differentiation of thorax and wing structure must have occurred in very ancient time ; should the importance of this specialization not be admitted, then these groups would simply be moved closer to Perla. The Orthoptera are almost uniformly combined into one or- der as is here done with the exception of those who would make a separate group for the Forficulids. The latter group seems to have clearly been derived from a Blattid ancestor. The idea that it might have come directly from such an insect as Japyx is not, I think, held by any one at the present time. There seems to be nearly as much ground for making six orders as done by Handlirsch as for separating off this one. Accord- ing to the conception here presented there are two groups of large insects which left the water in the palzozoic era, one Phasma-like which lived on the foliage of plants and gave rise to the Mantids and the saltatorial forms, the other feeding on decaying vegetation on the ground, the ancient cockroaches and ' the two derived groups represented by Hemimerus and Forfi- June, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 245 cula. * Both of these groups remained near enough like the prim- itive ancestors to justify their retention in a single order or a closely allied group or orders as one may wish. The Corrodentia, though sometimes united with the Neurop- tera, are commonly separated into three or four orders as here indicated, though their close relationship is coming to be very generally accepted. The birdlice are most commonly segre- gated as an independent order. After the general rejection of the idea of the relationship of this group with the Pediculids it has gradually been coming to be recognized as a recent spec- ialization of a nest-infesting wingless Psocid. “ The relationships of the groups of sucking insects included here in the order Hemiptera will, I think, be generally accepted. The chief difference of opinion will be as to whether the groups represented by Thrips and Pediculus should not be made inde- pendent orders. Only a few would still further increase the list of orders as indicated by the groups shown at the end of this branch. All the groups on the right hand side in this diagram are supposed to be microgenous, that is to have originated as small insects, the Corrodentia entering the same habitat as the an- cient Blattids and the primitive Hemiptera taking the same loca- tions as the Phasma-like forms, but leaving no early fossils because of their small size and delicate structures until after the groups became largely differentiated. The social white ants and the few highly developed palzozoic bugs with the sucking mouthparts already perfected are all the ancient remains of these groups, and in both cases they belong to groups which would not be counted most ancient on anatomical grounds. The venation in both the Corrodentia and the Hemiptera show a profound reorganization, best explained by their simplification due to small size and their reorganization when a successful specialization of the body made possible a regaining of con- ‘siderable size, a specialization best accomplished in the Hemip- tera. Leaving the groups with simple metamorphoses which were differentiated in the paleozoic we find in the triassic, a Sialis- 246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 like form, evidently with complex metamorphoses whose nearest allies in the former period were endo the Perla-like in- sects of that age, The Coleoptera also are represented in these strata by the first undoubted fossils. The group has no allies among the ancient insects. The older idea that the Staphylinidz were pos- sibly derived from something like the Forficulids is based upon the most superficial observations and is now generally recog- nized as untenable. Beetles probably arose as small insects with the habits of the Corrodentia, but with the immense ad- vantage of complex metamorphosis, making possible a better adaptation to their environments. The resemblance between beetle larve and those of the Sialidz is the only positive evi- dence we have as to the phylogeny of this group and a rejection of this would simply leave the group isolated. The three groups which have been considered distinct orders are now nen SY united to form one order. In the jurassic the remaining large groups of insects make their appearance, though none allied to Papilio or Apis appear before the middle of this era. The Neuropterous groups are very commonly separated into distinct orders, probably because of the very evident leading of | Panorpids and Phryganids toward the higher orders. The Neuroptera are maintained as one order in the scheme here presented, because of the author’s conviction that the change from a Perla to a Sialis has not involved any such fundamental changes in structure as marked the differentiation of the beetle, and that in becoming a Panorpa or a Phryganea there was nothing comparable to the formation of the groups of flies or wasps or moths. If, however, other views are held, the result would be simply the separation of this group into two, three, four, five, or more orders, having the relationships indicated on this diagram. | The Diptera have often been made into two groups by the separation of the fleas, and more rarely into three, and the Hy- menoptera and Lepidoptera have always had the same value. The derivation of the Diptera from a Panorpid-like ancestor June, ’o7] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 247 c has not been generally accepted as yet, but no other origin has % been suggested, except that it was Neuropterous. The same is 2 true of the Hymenoptera which have often been placed nearer : to the Diptera and with none or very vague ideas as to their origin. It seems to the author that the evidence of the wing q venation in each of these three orders is unimpeachable as all ; recognize it is in the case of the Lepidoptera. The scheme just presented illustrating the phylogeny and primary classification of insects, while not an elective or com- promise measure in any particular, does express more nearly a consensus of the opinions of recent students of the subject than any thus far presented, and illustrates the fact that the most essential differences of opinion between authors is the same as in all other attempts at classification, the differences be- tween those who contend for few or for many groups. <0 Ctenothrips, new Genus. | By H. J. Franxttn, B. S., Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. Head about as wide as long. Eyes prominent; vertex elevated between them. Ocelli present and large in size. Antennz eight-segmented. Prothorax strongly rounded in outline, when viewed from above or below; two long spines at each posterior angle; no long spines at the anterior angles. Wings well developed, but very narrow for length; each one of the fore pair with two longitudinal, but not prominent, veins; these veins and the costa set with prominent spines. Surface of abdomen reticulated. Lateral portions of the pos- terior margin of eighth abdominal segment dentate and strongly produced posteriorly. Posterior margin of the dorsal _ plate of the eighth segment comblike (Fig. 2). Tenth segment split above; only moderately conical in form. Ovipositor well Generic name derived from (xreis, comb; @puf thrips). _ This genus shows certain affinities with both Euthrips (of _ Hinds) and Sericothrips Haliday. The wings and antenne 3 248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’o7 are strongly suggestive of Sericothrips, but the abdomen lacks the numerous small spines characteristic of that genus. Ctenothrips bridwelli n. sp. Female. ee 1.75 mm. to 1.9 mm.; width of mesothorax .33 mm. to .37 mm.; greatest width of abdomen .45 mm. to .48 mm. Geen color very Aaric brown, thorax lighter. Head a little longer than wide; equally broad in front and behind; somewhat retracted into the prothorax; sides immediately behind the eyes strongly concave; top and sides behind rough with transverse ridges. Eyes with rather unusually strong hairs between the facets; appearing to protrude strongly on account of the concavities behind Fig. , Peloton. , prothorax, antennae and forelegs Fig. 2.—End of abdomen. of fema them. Cheeks, behind these concavities, rather full afd rough with ridges. On the hinder border of the postocular concavity, on each side, there are three prominent spines rather closely placed. Ocelli large and well separated; ocellar bristles present, but inconspicuous. Mouth cone rather long and sharp. Antenne about two and one quarter times as long as the head; their bases separated by the notched ele- vation of vertex; relative lengths of segments as follows: - Number of segment, T4'\2 3 4 5 6 7.8 Spaces of micrometer covering it, 0.5 Il. 20:5. 17.5- 14-30 -3005 Basal two segments much the thickest; spines on most of the seg- ments long and slender; sense organs rather small and inconspicu- ous. Segment one cylindrical, somewhat thicker at base than at apex; two strongly constricted toward the base; three and four fusiform; five similar in form to four at its base, but quite broad at its apex and rather broadly joined to six, which with style tapers gradually to the tip. Color: one and two rather dark brown; three clear yellow; four yellow, but slightly tinged with brown; five yellow at base, but gradually shading into light brown at apex; six brown; style brown, but lighter than six. June,’o7] E 07 NTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 249 Prothorax but little more than three-fourths as long as the head; nearly one-third of its own width wider than the head; sides well rounded; angles rounded; surface smooth; two long spines at each posterior angle; no long spines at the anterior angles; besides the long spines at the angles, there are six shorter ones arranged in a transverse row near the posterior border, the two middle ones in the tow being the longest; there are three short upcuvred spines at each of the’ anterior angles and a single spine near the anterior border on each side, about half way from the angle to the median line. Prothorax concolorous with pterothorax; much lighter than head and abdomen. Mesothorax more than one-fourth its own width broader than the prothorax; metathorax somewhat narrower than mesothorax; meso- and metathorax together slightly more than one and one-half times as long as the prothorax. Surface of mesoscutum strongly reticulate. Wings well developed; somewhat ‘variable in length, usually reaching the anterior border of the seventh abdominal segment; very narrow and slender for length; fore wings only slightly longer than hind ones. Breadth of fore wings at middle only about one-twenty-first their WN LRN LA tiyfyyyyy YY) a Fig. 3.—Ventral view of ptero- Fig. 4.—Left forewing. thorax ; et, endo-thoracic inva- 3; ms, mesosternum ; mt, metasternum. length; the basal fourth of each transparent, the remainder being heavily shaded with brown, especially the middle portion. Two longi- tudinal, but not prominent veins extend to the tip of each fore wing; spines on the basal portion of the wing light, but on the shaded portion brown; spines on costa of good length and about twenty-five in num- ber; on the fore vein from eighteen to twenty, placed at regular in- tervals for the most part, but with a considerable gap toward the base of the wing and often with irregular gaps toward the apex; on the hind vein there are from thirteen to fifteen spines also placed : regularly for the most part, but usually at greater intervals toward the apex of the wing; the scale bears several spines; costal fringe of fore wings rather slight; posterior fringes moderately heavy and more _ or less crinkled; surface of wings thickly covered with minute spines. Legs (especially the middle and hind pairs) rather long and slender; : quite strongly and evenly spinose, but otherwise unarmed except for a comb-like row of about twelve stronger spines on the 250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 inner side of each posterior tibia. Anterior legs somewhat shorter . and stouter than the others. All the femora more or less roughened by encircling ridges; all the tibiz constricted toward their bases; tarsi long, as broad at their apices as at their bases; anterior and posterior, especially the posterior, coxe thick and heavy. General color of legs dark brown; tibize generally slightly lighter than the femora; tarsi yellowish brown; the very bases of the middle femora and all of the middle trochanters light translucent yellow. Abdomen at base considerably narrower than the pterothorax; very elongate-ovate in general outline; widest at the fifth and sixth segments; from the posterior border of the seventh segment tapering rather abruptly to the base of the tenth segment; nearly three times as long as broad; surface, when viewed by reflected light, strongly and closely reticulated, both above and below; last two segments less strongly reticulate. Abdomen very dark brown; first segment some- times lighter; apical portion of the ninth segment and all of the tenth segment always somewhat lighter than the remainder. The sides of the eighth segment sharply dentate with rather coarse teeth on the hind border and strongly produced posteriorly; the posterior margin of the eighth dorsal segment drawn out in such a way as to form comb-like teeth. Spines along sides and around tip of abdomen mostly long, large and conspicuous; those on the ninth segment as a rule larger and heavier than those on the tenth; those at the very apical margin of the tenth small and inconspicuous. Protruding from the apex of segment ten is a peculiar small globular semitransparent organ which is tinged across the middle with brown and bears two small inconspicuous spines. This organ is probably a part of the sheath for the reception of the ovipositor when it is not in use. At- tached to each side of the ventral apical margin of the tenth segment is a peculiar flap-like process. These processes are present in other species and are often found, in mounted specimens, strongly inclined toward each other, over and beyond the ventral gap in segment ten and it may be their function to assist as catches in holding the ovi- positor in place. Both the globular organ and the flaps here described are present, and under the high powers of the microscope appear prominently, in all the specimens which I have. Described from five cotypes, two of which are deposited in the collection of the United States National Museum, and the remaining three in the collection of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. Specimens captured in Bellamy River Swamps, Dover, N. H., on flowers of Symplocarpus foetidus Salisb., April 11, 1904, by Mr. J. C. Bridwell, through whose kindness I re- ceived them and for whom I name the species. June, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 251 A Noctuid new to the North American Fauna. By Henry Encet, Merrick Museum, New Brighton, Pa. While examining the collection of Mr. George Krautwurm, of Pittsburgh, Pa., during the winter of 1904, I observed a Noctuid of striking appearance, and a total stranger to me. Among other species, Mr. Krautwurm kindly loaned me this specimen, and I sent it to Prof. J. B. Smith, who remarked that it was a puzzle to him. The specimen was next sent to Dr. H. G. Dyar, who informed me that the species was not represented in the North American collection of the U. S. Natl. Museum. He suggested that I return the specimen the following winter for comparison with the Schaus collection, which at that time was not in shape for comparison. I purchased the specimen from Mr. Kraut- wurm, and during the following winter sent it again to Dr. Dyar, who made the’ following determination, and I hereby extend my thanks to him for his kindness in giving me the references, a3 well as determining many other species for me. Massala, Walker. Cat. British Museum, XXXIII, 977, 186s. obvertens Walker. Azeta obvertens, Walker. Cat. British Museum, XV, 1580, 1858. Habitat.—West Indies, tropical America to Mexico; Pitts- burgh, Pa., August 3, 1904. One specimen found at rest on trunk of willow tree. (Geo. Krautwurm.) co Dr. F. E. BLAISDELL, 1632 Post Street, San Francisco, California, will determine the Tenebrionidz of the United States for those persons desiring names. Mrs. A. T. SLosson is spending some weeks at the Mountain Park Hotel, Hot Springs, North Carolina. NaMEs OF CoLEopTERA.—In the News, November, 1906, p. 349. I stated, on Dr. Bergroth’s authority, that /vo (preoccupied) should be ‘called Jnoplectus Smith. Dr. Bergroth now writes to say that this was a _ Slip of the pen for Jnopeplus. Leptotheca Fauvel, 1904, for a genus of Ptinide from New Caledonia, bts preoccupied by Lepfotheca Thelohan, 1895, in Protozoa,.—T. D, A. COCKERELL. 252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 A new genus and two new species of Geometridae. By Joun A. GRossBECK. EUPHENOLIA n. gen. Palpi rather short, projecting a little in front of head, ascending, long scaled; front smooth, rounded; tongue well developed; antennz filiform ciliate below, scaled above, the scales giving the appearance of serrations ; thorax and abdomen smooth scaled; hind tibia of male slender, no spurs, without hair pencil; tarsi well developed, long slender. Fore wings 12 veins, one accessory cell; R,, R, and R, (=veins 11, 10 and 9, respectively), off R, (=8), R, shortly stalked with R, (=7), M, (=6) widely separate. Hind wings 8 veins; Sc. (=8) anastomosing with R (=7) on second quarter of cell, R very long stemmed with M,. Type—Euphenolia skinnerata, n. sp. A genus of the Sterrhinz differing from all others in the long, slender posterior legs, which are destitute of spurs and hair pencil. Euphenolia skinnerata n. sp. Expanse 13.5-14.5 mm.—Front umber brown, vertex creamy white, antennz and palpi pale yellowish-brown; thorax and abdomen creamy yellow with a pale brown cast, more pronounced on the thorax. Wings creamy yellow; fringe concolorous. Primaries with intradis- cal brown line one-fourth from base, bends suddenly out from costa, then evenly almost without curve to inner margin. A similar colored extradiscal line begins on costa one-third in from apex, bends gently out and in to M2, then again more strongly out and in to Cu2 and shortly outward to inner margin. Basal area rather thickly overlaid with brown scales. Median area with a central shade forming an indistinct brown line. No discal spot. Outer area with a broad shade of brown just exterior to extradiscal line; marginal line narrow, brown. Secondaries with two sinuous pale brown lines from costa to inner margin; the outermost area slightly brown-shaded. Beneath with ornamentation of upper side largely reproduced, the inner lines rather inconspicuous; a small discal spot on all wings. A well marked form very unlike any Geometer known to me. Types.—One male, Rutgers College; one female, Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Habitat.—Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, in August. Collected by Dr. Henry Skinner to whom the species is respectfully dedicated. June, ’07] — ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 253 Sciagraphia decorata n. sp. Expanse 27 mm.—General color even sordid gray with a delicate pink cast to the wings. Primaries with small black flecks on basal half of costa. Intradiscal line almost straight, scarcely discernible at costa, becoming very evident at cubitus, whence it proceeds as a dis- tinct black line to inner margin, edged on both sides by a pink shade, more pronounced externally. Extradiscal line begins on costa a little over one-fourth in on costa, extends with a decided inward curve toward outer margin to M1, then bends at right angles and with a double inward curve ends at inner margin midway between the intra- discal line and anal angle. Internally, from angle to inner margin, this line is bordered by a deep shade of pink and externally by a very narrow border of the same color. Basal area uniform in color. Median area paler than rest of wing, with a somewhat diffuse discal spot, the pink showing rather plainly along the veins. Inner half of outer area deeply brown shaded;, the terminal line indicated by intervenular black dots. Secondaries more heavily shaded at outer margin and anal angle. A brown transverse line bordered on each side with pink is indicated on inner margin; discal spot rather faint; terminal line broken at the veins. Beneath, almost uniform sordid gray slightly shaded outwardly; discal spots and terminal line more distinct than above. The above describes the female type: a co-type is a little worn, and while showing scarcely any pink, has the transverse markings more sharply defined at the costa, and a third line is present, indistinctly running through the median area round- ing the discal spot externally. Types—Two females, one at Rutgers College and one in Acad. Natl. Sci., Philada., from Dr. Skinner. Habitat—Stockton, Utah, June 14th and July Ist. Nearest to snoviata Pack., but quite different in the ground color, which in decorata is distinctly gray, not brownish, as are all the specimens of snoviata before me. The transverse lines are also very narrow, as compared with snoviata, and the angle of intradiscal line at M, is more acute, though this latter may be a variable feature. I am prepared, with the assistance of Mr. Aug. Busck in the _ Tineina, to name any Lepidoptera, especially North American Phyci- tine and Mexican moths——Harrison G. Dyar, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy ’’ into the hands of the printer, for each num- ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘ extras,” without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., JUNE, 1907. AT a recent meeting of a profoundly learned society, papers were read in relation to the historical facts of Jonah and the whale, the seat of the soul (in the liver), and others of vast importance to humanity. This has suggested to us that weare very ignorant in relation to some entomological problems never satisfactorily answered. It appears very foolish to bother with the questions of economic entomology and the transmission of disease by insects to human beings, when we know so little about the conditions of the insect world when Noah landed on Mt. Ararat. About 300,000 insects have been described and the number of existing species has been estimated as high as 10,000,000. ‘The questions we-would propound are the follow- ing, and we trust they will be answered before less important matters are considered: How many species of insects existed at the time of the Flood? How did Noah catch a pair of each species? This question involves most important matters in regard to modern entomological technic. We can understand how the phytophagous insects were nourished, but if we knew how the vast army of parasites was treated it would be of value to the students of life-histories of to-day. Unfortunately the insects were kept alive ; had they been dead, Noah’s prac- tice would have shed light on up-to-date museum methods. These studies have been greatly neglected and their import- ance grossly underestimated, and we can only hope that the Entomological Society of America will take up the matter at its next meeting and appoint a strong committee to look into the problem.* * Aquatic insects are not important in this connection and need not be seriously con- sidered. 254 ce June, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 255 Entomological Literature. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SociETy: Vol. xxxii, Nos. 3 and 4 [received at Boulder, Colo., February 11, 1907 ; separates published earlier]. The new part of the Transactions, though not especially bulky, in- cludes eight titles; three by Schaeffer, on Coleoptera; one by E. T. Cresson, Jr., on Diptera; one by Kellogg, on Mallophaga; two by Cameron, on wasps, and a list of the bees of New Mexico, by Cockerell. Mr. Chas. Schaeffer treats of Scarabeide, Pselaphide, and Anthri- bidz. The genera allied to Bolboceras are revised, with one new genus, a new species and subspecies, and some generic transfers. The result is as follows— if we use the recently published nea seeantaies in place of the preoccupied term Bradycinetus. Bradycinetulus Ckll. fossatus (Hald.) ferrugineus (Beauv.) serratus (Lec.) serratus peninsularis (Schaeff.) carinatus (Schaeff.) Bolboceras Kirby. lazarus (Oliv.) hornii (Riv.) minor (Linell.) Bolbocerosoma Schaeft. farctum (Fab.). There is a new Copris from Arizona, with a table of the species of that genus; three new Lachnosterna species are described; and a new genus (Anoplocephalus) is proposed for a new species from Ari- zona, evidently a fine large form, very distinct from anything else in our fauna. In the Pselaphide six new species are described, from North Caro- lina, Texas, New Mexico and California. The new Anthribide in- chude sixteen species, with two new genera. The largest is Phoeni- cobiella schwarzii (Phoenicobius schwarzii), found by Townsend, at Brownsville, infesting Sabal mexicana. Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., has a very interesting account of the Orta- lidz, collected by Messrs. Viereck and Rehn, during their expedition to New Mexico in 1902, including also some Mexican material ob- tained by Mr. J. F. McClendon, in 1903. There is a new genus ’ (Hiatus), and new species of Antomola, Pterocalla, Acrosticta and Euxesta. The paper is accompanied by a plate. Professor Kellogg lists the bird-lice collected by Mr. Rollo Beck at the Galapagos and Revillagigedo Islands, and neighboring waters, in 1901. The list is a long one, and two new species are described— 256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 one after Dr. Ridgway, the other after Mr. Beck. The word gala- _pagoensis is printed many times “galapagensis,” which is quite errone- ous. Mr. P. Cameron describes numerous species ‘of Odynerus and im- mediately allied genera from North America. Many are said to be from New Mexico, no collector’s name being given. Presumably, they come from that mysterious “New Mexico” collection which contained so many evidently Mexican species, and we must regard the locality as doubtful until they are rediscovered. O. ruficandis, on p. 328, is a misprint for ruficaudis——T. D. A. C. —98P— Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. Dr. W. G. Dietz, 21 N. Vine St., Hazelton, Penna., will name Micro- lepidoptera, particularly Tineina. Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke will leave about May first on a four months’ exploring trip to the Aleutian Islands, and says, “We are to make as thorough an exploration as we can, in the time, of the entire Aleutian group of islands. We will not stop at any point on the mainland, after leaving Seattle, though we may possibly visit one or two of the Commander group. We go first to Unalaska, then strike west to Attu, and work back with the trade winds from there. We will thus not be at all in touch with the rest of the world. I go both as physician and scientist, the opportunity to thoroughly explore this group, being really too tempting for me to refuse. The party is to be known as the “Technology Expedition,” and is mainly to make a thorough reconnoissance of the group. The party will be small, six, including two assistants from the Boston Technology, so we will have to distribute our energies somewhat. I will have to do some botani- cal work in which I will have an assistant, but I can assure you, most of my time will be put in in collecting insects. I will try and get as complete a series as I can in all orders from all of the islands. That I think is very much needed, and will enable us to get a very much better idea than we have had of the range of the various species. The insects are to be my own, but I will most likely send on a com- plimentary series to Cambridge, seeing that it is the Boston people who are financing it. I will, however, try and get series enough so that I can send somethings to my friends. All insects outside of Coleoptera, I will, of course, ask others to work up, a full series, ‘types included, to be returned to the California Academy. I will do the best I can with the Lepidoptera.” June,’07] +=—« ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 257 One of the most important entomological papers of many years past, from the standpoint of the student of variation, of heredity, or of evolution, has recently been issued by the Carnegie Institution of Washington, as Publication No. 48. It is entitled “An Investigation of Evolution in Chrysomelid beetles of the genus Leptinotarsa,” by William Lawrence Tower, Instructor in Embryology, University of Chicago, and Associate, Station for Experimental Evolution at Cold Spring Harbor, New York. Pp. X, 320. Thirty plates, some in colors, 31 text figures, 107 variation tables in the text. A SPECIAL MEETING of the Entomological Society of America will be held in Boston about the 19th of August next, in connection with the Seventh International Congress of Zoology. Members are urged to be present and to contribute to the program of the meeting. In order to facilitate the work of the Executive Committee in ar- ranging a program, abstracts of proposed communications should be mailed to the Secretary, J. CHrester Braptey, Secretary-Treasurer, Berkeley, Calif. Note that after July 15th the address of the Secretary-Treasurer will be Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Doings of Societies. Minutes of meetings of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 55 Stuyvesant Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y., December 7th, 1906. President Dr. Zabriskie in the chair and fifteen members pres- ent. Messrs. Robert P. Dow, of Brooklyn, and H. H. Brehme, of Newark, N. J., were elected members. Mr. Dickerson spoke on “Causes of Periodical Increase and Decrease of Insects.” Mentioning the enormous increase, pos- sible under favorable conditions in some species, such as the San José scale and housefly, his remarks related chiefly to the occurrence and condition during a number of years of the following insects: rose-chafer, chinch-bug, cottony maple and cushion scales, army and canker worms and brown-tail and gipsy moths. As factors causing a decrease he quoted: clim- atic conditions, insect epidemics, the interference by man, predacious insects and animals, fungus growths and parasites. Mr. Doll stated that from a lot of cocoons of Agapema gal- bina, collected at Brownsville, Texas, in the summer of 1903, moths had emerged during that year and during every suc- ceeding year until the present time, when several pupe still 258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 remain alive, this showing a pupal period of over four years, which is unusual in the saturniid moths. January 17, 1907.—The President, Dr. Zabriskie, in the chair, and thirteen members present. Mr. Edward Moore, of Brooklyn, was elected a member. The following officers were elected: President, Dr. J. L. Zab- riskie; Vice-President, E. L. Graef, Corresponding Secretary, A. C. Weeks; Recording Secretary, George P. Engelhardt Treasurer, C. H. Roberts, Curator, Geo. Franck, Librarian, J. J. Levinson. . Prof. J. B. Smith was elected as delegate to the council of the New York Academy of Sciences. ‘FEBRUARY 7, 1907.—The President Dr. Zabriskie in the chair, and seventeen members and twelve visitors present. Mr. Engelhardt addressed the Society on “Experiences in Collecting Along the St. Lawrence and Saguenay Rivers,” illustrated with lantern slides and three boxes of various in- sects; the subject relating to a vacation trip made during the past summer to those regions. : In his remarks, he called attention to Niagara Glen on the Canadian side of the Niagara River gorge, a place which, though sadly neglected by travellers, is exceedingly beautiful - and affords a good opportunity for collecting, as the vegetation is exceptionally rich. He further spoke of his visits to Toronto, the Thousand Islands, Montreal, Ottawa, Quebec, the Saguenay River and Tadousac, a small village at the junction of the Saguenay and St. Lawrence, where a two weeks’ stop had been made. He described the topography and the pursuits and primitive life of the French inhabitants of that region. Insects were fairly abundant and especially interesting, as showing a faunal similarity with the sub-alpine region of the White Mountains, N. H. The following species were among those exhibited: Lepidoptera—Argynnis chariclea, Grapta gracilis, Lycaena coupertt, Hyphoraia parthenos, Notodonta simplaria, Habrosyne rectangula, Catocala briseis, Albuna pyramidalis, Sthenopis quadriguttatus. Coleoptera—Cincindela tranquebar- ica var. obliquata, C. longilabris, Dytiscus harristi, Dichelonycha canadensis, subvittata, albicollis, Serica tristis, Xylotrechus June, 07]. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 259 quadrimaculatus, Saperda imitans, Among other orders Hy- menoptera and Odonata were well represented. Returning East, Mr. Engelhardt visited the White Mountains in N. H., where, on top of Mount Washington, he found aquatic insects very abundant in numerous small pools. Geo. P. ENGELHARDT, Rec. Secretary. The 22nd regular quarterly meeting of the Pacific Coast En- tomological Society was held on November 25th, 1906, at the residence of Miss Julia D. E. Wright in Palo Alto. President Fuchs in the chair. Prof. Vernon L. Kellogg gave a talk on the life history of the Blepharoceride. Mr. J. C. Bradley gave a talk on the Entomological Society of America, urging the entomologists of the Pacific Coast to join the society. Mr. Coolidge spoke on the distribution of Colias alexandra and edwardsii, the former being found in Eastern Oregon, the latter in Eastern Cascade Mountains, both occurring in the Coeur d’Alene Mountains. Dr. Van Dyke exhibited a new Hetaeritus from California. He made a few remarks upon the species of Necrophorus found in the vicinity of San Francisco.. He spoke about the two com- mon black ones: guttula and pustulatus var. nigritus; also of three maculate forms, guttula var. hecate, vespilloides and marginata, which he had found here. H. pustulatus var. melsheimeri was credited to the State but he had never seen any specimens from it and doubted whether it would be found west of the Sierras. The various species of Hetaerius were spoken of, the fact that though messmates with ants, very little was known about their true habits, a field of investigation which was in great need of being exploited. Their distribution was discussed and the opinion ventured that our Coast belt would no doubt yield many new species of the same as well as other small and markedly specialized species, when it was thoroughly work- edover. The main reason given for this belief was that our coast belt was the largest belt of territory in this country that had gained many species from the North, that had been little 260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 affected by the ice of the ice age. This in most other parts of the Northern part of our country had almost entirely wiped out of existence, the more lowly and the more highly specialized _ insects. The 23rd regular quarterly meeting of the Pacific Coast In- tomological Society was held on February 23rd, 1907, at the residence of Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 1632 Post Street. President Fuchs in the chair. : Mr. J. C Bradley was elected to membership. Mr. F. X. Williams gave an interesting account of his work on the Galapagos Islands (Expedition of the Cali. Acad. Sci.). He stated that five species of butterflies were observed there, Pyrameis huntera common, Agraulis vanillae var.; Sphingide 5 species; Noctuids and Micros were well represented ; Diptera rare, especially found on cactus ; mosquitoes were abundant, and apparently where there was no water. They probably breed in the orchids which are abundant in the green belt. Chiggoes common and attacked the feet; Orthoptera plentiful, 3 genera; cockroaches common ; Hemiptera few, under stones and bark— some observed feeding on caterpillars ;. Coleoptera, 150 species: — one nocturnal species of Cincindela; Calosoma plentiful; Dytis- cide, 5 species; Gyrinide, 1 species, Hydrophilide, r species; few Staphylinids were found on rotting catcus and carrion; Coccinellide, 3 species; Dermestidae were common; Histeri- de not common; Elateride, 5 species; Buprestidze, one small species; Cleride, 1 species; several Ptinides; Scar- abeide, 2 species—one a Trox; Cerambycide, 10 species; Chrysomelidae, 2 small species; Tenebrionidae were common: Rhynchophora numerous. He also stated that 400 to 500 feet elevation was the best altitude for collecting.. Turning over stones and logs yielded the best results. Beating was of but little success, collecting at light gave fair results, especially at the beach. His experience with black steel pins was very discouraging as they oxidize rapidly and soon become unsightly. Brass pins were the best.. Capsules were bad on account of June, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 261 the dampness. Coleoptera were abundant in the cereals—especi- ally on the vessel. Dr. Van Dyke explained the object of the expedition—that ‘it was to obtain all of the species possible before the natural conditions become changed by settlement of the islands; cattle, dogs and pigs have already been introduced and fire may start and destroy the fauna. Darwin did the first collecting here and was followed by others. The present expedition was the most successful. Only 30 to 40 species were heretofore known, and Mr. Williams took over 150 species and in large series. The collections are of value to determine the age of the islands. It has been thought that the fauna had been carried there by wind, birds and currents and that the Islands were of volcanic origin. The Islands are probably the result of subsidence and the flora and fauna re- duced thereby in the opinion of the doctor. Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher gave an interesting account of his collecting in the vicinity of Nogales, Arizona. He is especially interested in the Cicindelide, and took 17 genera, 49 species; and 2,000 specimens. The following is his list of species: Megilla maculata, M. vittigera, Hippodamia convergens, Coc- cinella pauciscana, C. sanguinea, C. abdominalis, Harmonia cy- anoptera, Psyllobora n. sp., Chilocorus bivulneratus, C. cacti Exochomus pilatti, Ex. bipustulatus, Brachycantha, 2 species; Hyperaspis, a species close to 4-vittatus; H. lateralis, H. 8-no- tata, H. pinguis, H. medialis, H. globula, H. pleuralis, H. fim- briolata, H. montanica, and 4 species undetermined ; Hyperas- pidius, 2 species; Cephaloscymnus occidentalis, Smilia mar- ginata, Scymnillus aterrimus, Scymnus, 14 species; Thalassa montezuma, Epilachna corrupta, Novius n. sp. Mr. J. C. Bradley discussed his studies on the Evaniide. Mr. L. E. Ricksecker exhibited Orgyia in all stages of de- velopment. ’ Miss Julia D. E. Wright reported the progress of the Santa Clara Valley Entomological Club. Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher exhibited a fine series of Coccinelli- dz from Nogales, Ariz. F. E. Biaispett, M. D., Secretary. 262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 On Friday, April 12, 1907, at the home of Erval New- comer, Forrest Court, Palo Alto, was held the regular meeting of the Santa Clara Valley Entomological Club. In the absence | of the president and vice-president, the meeting was called to order by C. F. Palmer, twenty members being present. The club was much honored with the presence of D, L. Van Dine, experiment station entomologist for the Hawaiian Islands. He mentioned a number of entomological problems. One of the most interesting of these is in regard to the honey produced on the islands. There is some substance. there that the bees obtain that gives a very high percentage of glucose in the honey. The government pure-food law allows only a certain percentage of glucose, as that substance is one of the chief adulterants that is commonly used. While the island honey is pure and just as wholesome as that produced in any part of the world, this comparatively large amount of glucose shows badly in the analysis. The honey shipment of the islands will amount to over 800 tons this year, and the producers are greatly interested in having the law so modified in their case as to allow the honey to come under the pure-food products. Another problem that the entomologist has to contend! with is a small fly that in some parts of the islands is almost driving - out the cattle industry. This fly has been abundant for a number of years, but it has only been of late that it has so seriously threatened the interests of the cattle men. Mr. Van Dine brought greetings from the Hawaiian Ento- mological Society to the local club, which he hopes to visit again on his return to the islands in about two months. Another guest of the club was Mr. Edward M. Ehrhorn, the state hor- ticulturist, who spoke a few words on the work of the quaran- tine department of San Francisco. He also called attention to the parasite of the red scale recently imported from China. Harvey Hall, instructor in botany at the University of Cali- fornia, gave a talk on the “Life Zones of California.” Nearly every one can distinguish generally the life zones—as the deserts, foothills, the timber and perpetual snowlines—but about fifteen years ago Dr. C. Hart Merriam was the first to map out the life zones accurately. Before this they were June, 77] -- ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 263 known as belts. The life zones are divided into the following: The sub-tropical comprising a small portion of the Colorado river; the Lower Sonoran, the desert area, characterized, by the creosote bush, tree yuccas, cactii and sand bur; the Upper Sonoran, or chaparral zone characterized by ceonothus, man- zanita and different scrub oaks ; transition zone or yellow pine belt. In this zone there are two centres of origin, the northern and southern. The mixing of these two origins determined the name of this zone. Above this is the timber belt. Mr. Hall considers this as one zone, but Dr. Merriman subdivides it into the Hudsonian and Canadian zones. Alpine hemlock, white bark pine, little sugar pine are found here. The Alpine zone characterized by Alpine sorrel. The zones can be mapped out, but the reason and cause of the zones have yet to be determined. Mr. J. S. Hunter, who has charge of the mosquito extermina- tion work at San Mateo and Burlingame, then gave an outline of the work that has been done. He dwelt at length on the importance of the mosquito problem. The work of extemina- ting the mosquito was first undertaken about four or five years ago at San Rafael, under the direction of Mr. Ashman. About three years ago the Burlingame Country Club asked for help in ~ the mosquito problem, as they were exceedingly troublesome. ‘The two species that are most troublesome are the salt water forms, the Culex lattivittatus and Culex squamiger. These are more difficult to control than the fresh water forms on account of the great extent of the marshy land and direction of the winds from South San Francisco. In conclusion Mr. Hunter said the work is still in continuance and it is hoped that this region in time may be fully freed of these insects. Mr. Ehrhorn and Mr. Van Dine were unanimously elected members of the club. Adjournment and refreshments followed. : Juvia D. E. Wricurt, Secretary. The regular meeting of the Santa Clara Valley Entomological Club was held last Friday night, March 8th, at the Delta Upsilon House, Stanford University. 264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 In the absence of the president, R. W. Doane, the vice-presi- dent, Earl Morris, the county entomologist, presided. Twenty- three members were present and three visitors. J. Chester Bradley, instructor in entomology at the Universi- ty of California, was the speaker for the evening. The general subject was the wing venation of the parasitic hymenoptera. Jutta D. E. Wricut, Secretary. The monthly meeting of the Newark Entomological Society was held in Turn Hall, Newark, on February 10, 1907, the President in the chair, and twenty members present. Mr. John Kuenzler, of Paterson, a visitor. Mr. Emile Gerstenborn, of New York, was proposed for membership and unanimously elected. Mr. Brehme presented “Notes on certain Rhopalocera species observed during the season of 1906.” He spoke of the scarcity of Chrysophanus hypophlaeus, Lycaena pseudargiolus and its varieties, and Thecla damon; this latter a usually com- mon insect at Paterson. Thecla augustus and edwardsu, he found very common locally: the former had always been rare ~ with him and the latter he had never taken before. In 1906 he took over two hundred specimens, July 4, at Newark. He re- ported the capture of 7. m-album on the Orange Mountains, | April 28th. Ceratomia catalpae, Mr. Brehme stated, had made its way north as far as Irvington and Eagle Rock. Mr, Dicker- son remarked that he had found it at Morristown and Hacketts- town during the past season, Mr. Brehme also presented a paper on “How to prepare Lepidoptera for the Cabinet in Short Order.” Mr. Wormsbacher approved of the method as explained by Mr. Brehme, having himself practised it for some time;; but he warned against the use of pine boards, relating an instance where all his specimens were glued fast to the boards owing to the exudation of the resin. Mr. Wasmuth exhibited a box of Lepidoptera, among which were Catocala electilis, C. insola- bilis with a large white spot on the primaries, C. unijuga with yellow underwings, Smerinthus salicett from Arizona and a rare indetermined species of Gloveria from Texas. June, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 265 Mr. Gerstenborn showed a series of about sixty hybrids pro- cured by mating a male Paonias ocellatus of Europe with a female Paonias excaecatus. Enlarged photographs of the hy- brid larve were shown which in markings inclined toward the European species. Mr. Brehme exhibited his collection of Theclas, representing forty-seven species exclusive of varieties. Mr. Engleman showed a box of Haploa largely illustrating local forms, and Mr. Buchholz showed a fine series of Eusoa ochrogaster illustrating the exceedingly wide range of variation displayed by the species. Joun A. GrossBEcK, Sec’y. The monthly meeting of the Newark Entomological Society was held in Turn Hall, Newark, on March toth, the President in the chair, and fourteen members present. Messrs. George Domidion, of Jersey City, and J. Mattes, of New York, present as visitors. Mr. Brehme showed his collection of Lycaena, consisting of forty-eight species and varieties. Mr. Mattes exhibited over two hundred beautifully blown larve of Lepidoptera which re- tained their natural colors to a remarkable degree. Mr. Engel- hardt gave an account of his trip to Canada and spoke of suc- cessfully bringing Lycaena couperti to maturity from larve which he found on wild pea at Saginaw River in the Province of Quebec. Otto BucHuotz, Sec’y, pro tem. A meeting of the Entomological Section of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held December 27, 1906. Mr. Philip Laurent, Director, presiding. Thirteen persons were present. The annual reports of the officers were read. Mr. E. Daecke exhibited a Bombus, which on examination by H. J. Franklin proved to be B. scutellaris ¢. It was taken at Lucaston, New Jersey, September 17, 1903. This is the most northern point it has been found, and it is new to New Jersey. Mr. Laurent said Tenodera sinensis was holding its own in Germantown, as he had found many eggs masses this season, 266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 Dr. Skinner exhibited specimens of Hemileuca electra Wright. The following were elected officers to serve for the coming year: Director, Philip Laurent; Vice-Director, H. W. Wenzel; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson; Conservator, Henry Skinner; Sec- retary, J. H. Ridings; Recorder, Henry Skinner; Publication Committee, J. H. Ridings, E. T. Cresson. Henry SKINNER, Recorder. A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held January 24, 1907. In the absence of the Director, Dr. P. P. Calvert was called on to preside. Seven persons were present. Dr. Skinner exhibited chrysalids of Anthocharis olympia, presented by Prof. Charles A. Shull. Mr. Haimbach exhibited specimens of Crambus daeckellus and placidellus and Haematopsis grataria var. annettearia, and presented cotypes of the two latter. Mr. C. R. Boerner said Dr. Chittenden had revised the genus Sphenophorus and had de- scribed a species taken at Sea Isle City, New Jersey, by the speaker, under the name marinus. He also mentioned having taken sixteen specimens of Stenolophus alternans Lec., at Ne-_ shaminy Falls, Pa., on May 13th. He had previously found single specimens at South Camden, New Jersey, and East Park, Philadelphia. Dr. Skinner exhibited specimens showing complete intergradation between Thecla calanus and edwardsi. Dr. Calvert exhibited Argia moesta Hagen, found at Grand Canyon ; Nuevo Laredo and Lake Chapala, Mexico, etc., and de- scribed the differences in both sexes in the specimens from these various localities. These differences were illustrated by aver- ages. The question of the specific identity or difference in the forms was raised. Henry SKINNER, Recorder. A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held December 27, 1906. In the absence of the President and Vice- President, Mr. Philip Laurent was called on to preside. Thir- : June, 07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 267 teen persons were present. The annual reports were read. The Society voted to donate its publications to the California Acad- emy of Sciences, so far as they could be supplied. The follow- ing were elected officers to serve for the ensuing year: Presi- dent, Philip P. Calvert ; Vice-President, H. W. Wenzel; Treas- urer, E. T. Cresson ; Recording Secretary, Henry Skinner ; Cor- responding Secretary, J. H. Ridings; Curator, Henry Skinner. Publication Committee—E. T. Cresson, C. F. Seiss, B. H. Smith. Henry SKINNER, Secretary. A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held February 28, 1907. Dr. Philip P. Calvert, President, in the chair. Fourteen members were present. An invitation was read asking the Society to appoint delegates to the Seventh In- ternational Zoological Congress, to be held in Boston. The President was authorized to appoint one or more delegates. Mr. Wenzel exhibited specimens of Cartodere costulata and Adistemia watsoni, taken in boxes of mouldy and discarded entomological specimens in the entomological rooms of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. He gave the distribution of the species in accordance with Mr. Fall’s paper on the Latridiidz. Dr. Skinner exhibited a series of Megathymus neumoegeni showing great variation. Mr. Rehn said we must recognize two kinds of variation, individual and geographical, and spoke of these characters as exhibited in the Orthoptera. Dr. Calvert verbally reviewed Tower’s work on Leptinotarsa. Mr. Haimbach exhibited a-slide showing the neuration of Crambus caliginosellus. Mr. Rehn called attention to the work by B. von Wattenwyl and Redtenbacher on the Phasmide. The senior author is eighty-three years old, and says that this is his last work. About seventy per cent. of the species listed are new. The general scope of the work and the new classifica- tion were mentioned. Dr. Calvert exhibited specimens of the Australian cockroach, Periplaneta australasiae, taken in the Biological Hall, University 268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ’07 of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in the present winter, and stated that previously this species had not been noted there; the green- houses connected with the building afforded a likely means of introduction. He also stated that Mr. Haimbach’s capture of Argia translata mentioned in the News for January, 1907, p. 32, should be corrected as being the first record for Eastern Penn- sylvania, since Mr. Williamson had reminded him that Mr. Graf had recorded this species from Western Pennsylvania in the News for 1902, p. 113. Mr. Rehn recorded having found Peri- planeta truncata in numbers at Jacksonville, Florida. HENRY SKINNER, Secretary. A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held April 24, 1907. In the absence of the President and Vice- President, Dr. D. M. Castle was called on to preside. Fifteen persons were present. Mr. Rehn exhibited specimens of a katydid of the genus Scaphura which bear a striking resemblance to wasps of the genus Pepsis. Mr. Viereck said Mr. Daecke had brought in a bee of an Andrena group which may be the male of an undescribed spe- cies. The characters of the genus were mentioned, particu- larly the elongated head. It was found by Mr. Daecke feeding on an ericaceous plant at Iona, New Jersey, on April 2. Mr. Laurent said insect life was scarce in Florida during January, February and March, the weather being very dry. Mr. Rehn made some remarks on the Orthoptera collected in Florida by Mr. Hebard and himself in August, 1905. The more interesting species were exhibited, and the amount of geo- graphic variation of certain of the species in the Southeastern States was discussed. Several of the species of which series were collected were previously known only from unique types. Dr. Skinner exhibited specimens of Chrysophanus arethusa Wolley-Dod. Mr. Daecke exhibited some Diptera taken by Mr. Laurent in Florida, and called particular attention to Chrysops vittatus, taken in March, which does not appear here until July. HENRY SKINNER, Secretary. Petes tan! DOR Ent. News, Vou. XVIII. Pi. 1X. DAVIS.—GALERUCA POMONAE Figs. 1 and 2, larva; figs. 3,4 and 5, pupa; fig. 6, male beetle; fig. 7, female beetle; fig. 8 portion of egg mass; fig. 9 mandible of larva; fig. 10 maxilla of larva; a, maxillar lobe; J, palpus; fig. 11, maxillar lobe; c, sensory organ; fig. 12, complete integument of an abdominal segment, cut along the median ventral line and spread out; a, anterior edge; mm, median ventral line. -_- ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. Vou. XVIII. JULY, 1907. No. 7. CONTENTS: Davis—Life-history and habits of Gale- Brehme—Preparing Lepidoptera for ruca nae Scopoli, in Illinois... 269 the cabinet in short order.......... Banks—A new genus and a new spe- Taylor—A new Geometrid Moth from cies of Neuroptera.............++-. 275 Califorhhite su cncieokspces 5 ae 6 ican 310 Engel—New Micro-lepidoptera........ 276 | McElhose and Schwarz—List of 110 Viereck—Andrenz of the Canadian, species and varieties of Butterflies Alleghanian and Carolinian Plant taken by the Members of the St. Zones occurring or likely to occur Louis Entomological Club, in the PMEMMIHI@CTICUL... 20. cc cnvscccenesess 280 vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri..... 312 Harbeck—List of Tachinidae taken in Rothke—The results of a breeding of the City of Philadelphia ........... 288 of is, ese figurata Drury ....... 314 Coguillett—Notes and descriptions of Keditcrial ....s3.:asqeastideoutserwandels 317 Hippoboscidz and Streblidae...... 290 | Notes and NewS .........scccccccencecs 318 Swenk—The Bees of Nebraska—IlI ... 293 | Doings of Societies ..............2..+. 319 Schaefier—Notes on Histeridae........ 301 | Obituary—H. D. Merrick.............. 320 Rowley—Notes on Papilio ajax........ 306 Life-History and Habits of Galeruca pomonae Scopoli, in Illinois. Joun J. Davis, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. (Plate IX) So little is known of the life-history and habits of Galeruca pomonae in this country, that the following observations, made last year, are worth recording. Mr. Frederick Knab has reported the occurrence of this European species in North America, in ENromotocicaL News, Vol. 16, page 230. It was found by him in the collections of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History and of Mr. Chas. Dury. The Illinois specimens were reared by Mr. C. A. Hart from larvae collected at Urbana, IIl., and Mr. Dury’s specimens were taken at Cincinnati, Ohio. This species had - previously been confused with G. externa and tanaceti. (Env. » News, Vol. 14., p. 146 and loc. cit.) Outside of Illinois it is known to have been taken only at Cincinnati, Ohio, where about the year 1878 Mr. Dury collected the adults in May and June by “sweeping low vegetation in Shady places.” This is the earliest record of its presence in 269 270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’07 this country. Mr. Dury also writes me that Miss Brown has - lately taken this species at Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincin- nati, Ohio. In Mr. Knab’s article it was mentioned as having ‘been taken by Prof. W. S. Blatchley in Indiana, but Prof. Blatchley writes me that the specimens in question prove to be Galerucella dorsata Say. The Illinois specimens mentioned by Mr. Knab were reared from larvee found by Mr. Hart feeding on Phlox divaricata and Dentaria laciniata near Urbana, May 12, 1888, the beetles emerging June 16 and 18. In all our observations of the past two years, however, they have been found only on Phlox divaricata, In Planzenfeinde, p. 374, Kaltenbach gives the food plants, in Europe, as Centaurea jacea, Cirsium palustre and Scabiosa succisa. In the last few years Mr. Hart has collected the larve at Urbana, Homer, and Muncie, Illinois, and adults at White Heath, Illinois. I have collected larve at Urbana, Homer, and Muncie, Illinois, and adults at Homer and Urbana—the only places where I have looked for them, during the months in which they occur as adults. All these places are within a radius of thirty miles from Urbana, but-the actual range of the species is probably much more extensive. All specimens, both larval and adult, were collected at the edge of the woods, or in the woods, where Phlox divaricata grows—this being the only food plant upon which I have found the species. All the beetles which I collected were found around the phlox plants, and usually under leaves at the base of a plant. The clusters of phlox plants upon which the larvze were found in Urbana in 1905 occupied an area of not more than ten or fifteen square feet, and in 1906 the larve were not found beyond this same limited area, although this was not due to any scarcity of the food plant. Similarly, at Muncie, Illinois, about twenty-three miles east of Urbana, the infested plants were limited to an area of a few square yards, an area no larger ' than that of the year before at the same place (May 14, 1906). Mr. Hart found the larve abundant at Homer, Illinois, a short — July, ’07) 3 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 271 distance from Urbana. Here again the larve were remark- ably local in distribution, the distribution being far less ex- tensive than that of their food plant. These facts seem to show that these beetles spread very slowly and this is probably the reason why the species is not more evenly and more abundantly distributed in this country, although in Europe they are some- times quite common and in some cases they have been very destructive. My attention was first attracted to this insect in the spring of 1905, when larve were found on Phlox divaricata at Urbana and Muncie, Illinois. In 1906 larve were also collected at these two places as well as the other places mentioned above. I have worked out all the essential details of the life history. There is but one brood a year. Briefly, the eggs hatch during April or early in May. The young larve feed on the leaves of phlox and become full grown during the latter half of May. They enter the earth to pupate, and emerge as adult beetles early in June. The beetles also feed more or less on the leaves or stems of phlox during the entire season, and feed at night; during most of the day they remain hidden under leaves at the base of the plant. About the middle of August they begin to pair. and to lay eggs. The beetles gradually die off, leaving the eggs to survive the winter. The following details of the life-history were oheniiaed last summer in the insectary. Larve were first found April 27 on phlox along the north edge of a wood, at the outskirts of Ur- bana. Most of these larve measured about % inch in length, two of them, however, measuring about 3/16 inch, and they were probably but a few days old. At this stage they fed only on the epidermal parts of the leaf, but as they increased in size they ate the entire leaf. On May 4 and 10, at Muncie, larve of all sizes were found, some being % inch in length. Other larve were collected at Homer, May 14 and 16, and at Ur- 4s bana again, May 22. The larve grew to a length of about % to % inch and by May 14 they had begun to disappear into the earth to pupate. In the insectary, larve were found above the arth as late as May 26. The larve would dig % to 1 inch into the soil and there form a cocoon consisting of a few silken 272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [July, ’07 threads with particles of earth interwoven. The larva re- mained as such in this cell for five or six days before transform- ing to a pupa. The pupal stage lasted about two weeks and the adult emerged within sixteen to twenty days after the larva entered the earth. After emerging, the adult feeds upon the leaves and tender shoots of the phlox plant. For the first few weeks after emergence the adult eats the leaves voraciously, but later in the summer it feeds only occasionally. The beetles were first noticed in copula August 15, and the first eggs were laid on the upper surface of the leaves sev- eral days later. The adults continued to pair and lay eggs until about September 15, at which date the beetles begin to die, leaving only eggs to carry the species through to the next year. Individual females usually lay three or four masses of eggs, each mass consisting of about fifty eggs. Three females laid, respectively, 80, 148 and 185 eggs, an average of 137 eggs per female. Egg.—Eggs are laid in black masses (Fig. 8) of forty or more, the mass being round or oval, with a finely punctured surface. The individual eggs are polygonal in cross section, and measure between % and 1 mm. in diameter. Larva.—The rather stout, cylindrical larva (Figs., 1, 2) measure 14 mm. in length and 3.75 mm. in width. The entire body is covered with numerous tubercles, from each of which arise from few to many sete. The color of the full grown larva varies from dark brown to almost black on the dorsal surface and a lighter brown on the ventral. Immediately after a molt the color of the larva is tempor- arily bright yellow. The small inconspicuous head is dark brown or black, being darker than the general color of the body. The antennz are situated at one side of and near the base of the labrum. There is one pair of ocelli, which are situated above and slightly to one side of the antennze. Around each ocellus is a dark ring. Sete are scattered abundantly over the head. The labrum is of the type typical for most chrysomelid larvze and bears four prominent sete, as well as a number of small and fine hairs. The mandible (Fig. 9) is quadridentate, its surface July, ’07) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 273 bearing three sete. The maxilla (Fig. 10) is composed dis- tally of the maxillary palpus (b) and the maxillar lobe (Fig. 10, a; Fig. 11). The conical maxillary palpus is four-seg- mented, the tip of the last segment being somewhat blunt and with a slight depression. The maxillar lobe terminates in a finger-like sensory organ (Fig. 11c), which is attached to a rather stout basal portion. Surrounding this organ are eight or more spines, which appear to be for the protec- tion of the central organ. The labium is typical, bearing two- segmented labial palpi; the tip of the last joint of each labial palpus is blunt and with a slight depression, similar to that of the end segment of the maxillary palpus. The thoracic segments are concolorous with the abdomen and bear numerouus tubercles, excepting, however, the pro- thorax. The cervical shield is bare of tubercles, but the prothorax bears a large tubercle just below, on each side of the shield and above the anterior pair of legs. On each of the second and third thoracic segments there are eight pairs of tubercles above the legs, and each of these tubercles is abundantly supplied with sete. On the ventral side of each thoracic segment is a pair of rather large tubercles situated in the middle of the segment and coalescing more or less into one large oblong tubercle. Posterior to these ventral tubercles and slightly farther apart is a pair of very small sub-tubercular areas, with a single seta arising from each. The more dorsal tubercles fall into four longitudinal rows. Legs rather short and stout; the femur and tibia are well developed, but the tarsus is small and bears a single claw. Abdomen nine-segmented, with many setiferous tubercles arising from all the segments, except the ninth; color dark brown or almost black; spiracles are present on all abdominal segments, except the ninth; there are no abdominal legs. The tubercles are similarly situated on the first eight abdominal ‘segments, but the dorsal tubercles differ from those of the thorax in that they do not fall into four longitudinal rows; the four anterior dorsal tubercles of each segment are more widely separated than the four posterior dorsal ones (Fig. 12). Besides these eight dorsal tubercles there is another 274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’07 pair at each lateral edge of the dorsal plate, making in all - five pairs of tubercles on the dorsal plate. The lateral plate bears a single tubercle, as does also the sub-lateral plate. The ventral plate bears one distinct pair of tubercles near the side; on each side of the median line and very close together are groups of five to seven sete, not situated, however, on any distinct tubercle. Posterior to these and farther apart is a single pair of sete, which appear to arise from a very small tubercle or tubercular spot. Pupa.—The bright yellow pupa (Figs. 3-5) varies in length from 8 to 11 mm. and has an average width of 4 mm. The pupz of male beetles are all nearly 8 mm. in length, while those of female beetles are about Io mm. long. The dorsal surface is slightly convex, and on each abdominal segment there are eight dorsal patches of inconspicuous spines, which correspond to the clusters of sete of the four pairs of dorsal tubercles on the abdominal segments of the larva. Two, tubercles occur on each side of each segment of the abdomen: one on the lateral and one on the sub-lateral sur- face, the former above and the latter below each spiracle; these tubercles bear many minute spines. Adult.—The beetles (Figs. 6, 7) are rather broadly ovate, with the dorsal surface strongly convex and clove-brown in color. Males vary in length between 8 and 9 mm. and are 4 to 5 mm. in width. The females are noticeably larger, varying between 9 and 11 mm. in length and 5 to 6 mm. in width. Eyes and antenne black, the latter being eleven- segmented, and more or less abundantly covered with fine, light colored hairs Prothorax covered with punctures and bearing four transverse protuberances, or callosities, two on each side of a median impressed line. Legs black; under side of tarsi with light-colored pulvilli. Elytra with three shining black longitudinal coste. The interspaces are covered with more or less confluent punctures. On the margin of each ely- tron is a narrow yellow band, which fades out at the tip of the elytron. : Since writing this article I have received another letter from Professor Blatchley informing me of the occurrence of Gal- July, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 275 eruca pomonae in Indiana. He writes: “In looking over a miscellaneous collection of unplaced Coleoptera, which I have recently mounted, I find a specimen of Galeruca pomonae in the collection, taken in Laporte County, Indiana, on August 26, 1904.” or A new genus and a new species of Neuroptera. By NATHAN BANKS. _ Our two small species of Acanthaclisis have long been recog- nized as not true members of that genus; I therefore propose a new genus as follows: Paranthaclisis n. gen. I establish this genus for Acanthaclisis congener Hagen and A. hageni Banks. It is readily known from Acanthaclisis by the fact that in the hind wings the anal vein runs into the mar- gin of wing and is connected to the first branch of the cubitus by a cross-vein (in Acanthaclisis the anal runs into the first branch of the cubitus). The radial sector is connected to radius by only 10 or 12 cross veins (in Acanthaclisis, 20 or 30) ; in both wings the branches of the cubitus, instead of running directly to the margin, are bent outward, so as to give the appearance of a vein parallel to hind margin. The outer spur of each tibia is bent at a right angle near its middle. Ululodes arizonensis n. sp. Closely allied to U. albifrons Banks, having annulate antennz, white hair on face, etc. It differs (1) in larger size, expanse 60 mm. (albifrons about 50 mm. or less); (2) in more brown hair near base of antennz; (3) in having the base of antennal club and several joints before it wholly pale yellowish; (4) in that the last dorsal segment of abdomen is pale and has an isolated black spot each side near tip (in albifrons is a black stripe each side); (5) in that the forewings are scarcely emarginate at end of median vein (in albifrons this emargin- ation is very distinct); (6) in that the superior appendages of the ¢ are more geniculate at base, and more bent downward and inward, so that, seen from the side, the tip of the abdomen shows an even curve (in albifrons these pieces project more outward). Four specimens from Palmerlee, Arizona (Biederman). The female shows four spots on each hind wing; one large, on hind margin toward base; one just behind the pterostigma, one on hind margin behind the last, and another somewhat basad of the 276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’07 New Micro-lepidoptera. By Henry Encet, Merrick Museum, New Brighton, Pa. The species of Microlepidoptera described herewith are part of a large number of species sent to Mr. Busck last winter for determination. After studying this material Mr. Busck pronounced these and several other species new and suggested that I describe them. My limited experience with the generic study of Micro- lepidoptera precluded the possibility of my giving them their proper position and I gladly accepted the kind offer of Mr. Busck to give me notes on, and generic determinations of these species. The diagnosis of the new genus Synallagma was prepared by Mr. Busck. I gratefully acknowledge my obligation to him for .determining several hundred species of Microlepidoptera for me, Depressaria flavicomella n. sp. Antenne light ocherous. Labial palpi straw-yellow. On the basal half of the second joint a few brownish scales are intermixed, outwardly. Face and head cream color. Thorax pale yellow. Forewing straw- yellow, with sulphurous hue. Base of wing concolorous with thorax. A diffuse rusty clouding over basal part of wing along dorsal margin, and almost to costa. An inwardly oblique brown shade from the outer discal spot to the dorsal suffusion. Outer. discal spot centered with white bordered with blackish outwardly. Inner discal spot small and black. Discal and apical area sparsely obscured by brown- ish scales. Along the costa is a series of brown spots, becoming more pronounced on the apical half of the wing. A row of brown spots along outer margin. Cilia concolorous with ground color. Hind wing silvery white slightly darkened in apical region. A faint interrupted line at base of cilia. Cilia silver white. Forewing beneath dark ocherous, costa marked with pale yellow. Hindwing silvery white. Abdomen pale yellow with two lateral brown lines on under side. Legs silver gray. Expanse, 15-16 mm. Hab.—New Brighton, Pa., June 12-27 (Merrick), Oak Sta- tion, Pa. (Marloff). Type No. 10,284, U. S. National Museum. Cotypes in the Merrick Museum, New Brighton, Pa. This species is allied to Depressaria senicionella, Busck. Mr. Busck kindly loaned me a cotype of it for comparison. The pale i a eee July, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 277 yellow forewings, silvery hind wings, and smaller size easily separate it from senicionella. I have before me 22 specimens, all taken at light in a dense forest during June, 1904-1906. Although I have found nearly all the local species hibernating, the only records for this species are in June. Elaschista albicapitella n. sp. Antenne dark brown, gray near tip. Labial palpi silvery white, sec- ond joint fuscous beneath. Face silvery white. Collar and thorax a rich dark brown with purplish reflections. Lower edge of patagia and posterior edge of thorax white. Forewing elongate, width of the wing one-third of its length, apex produced. Ground color dark brown. Base of wing yellowish white. A prominent silver white fascia two-fifths from base of wing, extending from costa to dorsal margin, slightly bent outward over cell then straight to dorsal margin. A silver white fascia one-fifth from apex, outwardly oblique, nearly to center of wing. A triangular silvery white spot on dorsal margin, three-fourths from the base, outwardly oblique. Cilia dark gray sprinkled with brown. Hind wing dark fuscous, cilia dark gray. Abdomen dark brown above, pale yellow beneath. Legs brown above, whitish beneath. Underside of forewing blackish, with the outer fascia indicated on costa. Underside of hind wing same as upper side. ' Expanse, 8 mm. Hab.—Pittsburgh, Pa., June 12-17 (Engel). Type. No. 10,285, U. S. National Museum. Cotypes in the Merrick Museum, New Brighton, Pa. This species is nearest to the European Elachista albifront- ella, Hubner, from which it differs in the darker ground of the front wings, the white patagia and the white base of the fore- wings. The inner fascia is also quite a contrasting difference. An authentic specimen of albifrontella was loaned to me by Mr. Busck for comparison. SYNALLAGMA n. gen. Head smooth. Labial palpi long, recurved, smooth; terminal joint shorter than second jomt, acute. Max. palpi obsolete. Antenne with basal joint elongate. Forewing elongate lanceolate, with tip ' and hooked downward. 11 veins, vein 11 absent; 7 and 8 ed to costa; 6 into hooked apex; Ib strongly furcate at base. indwing lanceolate, half as wide as forewing. 8 veins, 3 and 4 connate, cell open between 4 and 5, 6 and 7 connate; 7 separate. Posterior tibia above with short hairs. Type of genus Synallagma busckiella (Engel). 278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’07 Synallagma busckiella n. sp. Antenne dark gray annulated with silver gray rings, basal joint thickened with scales. Face silver gray, head and thorax covered with flattened scales with coppery green luster. Labial palpi cream color, second joint fuscous beneath, terminal joint with dark line outwardly, tip cream white. Forewing light brown, with strong metallic reflec- tions. A longitudinal cream white line from the base through middle of wing ending in the cell. Beneath terminal of this line a narrow line of like color commences and runs slightly divergent outwardly to the fold. A narrow line of about two-thirds the wing length on the fold near the inner angle. A few bluish black spots at lower end of cell edged with silvery scales. A black ocellus at the apex at beginning of the produced tip. On the costa above the ocelli is a cream white patch divided by a brown fascia. Cilia along termen dark gray, on the curved tip of apex the cilia are short and whitish. Hind wing dark gray with a silvery luster. Cilia concolorous. On the under side both wings are ocherous without any markings. Abdomen gray with coppery reflections above, silver gray beneath. Legs silver gray marked with fuscous above. Expanse, 9-10 mm. © Hab.—Pittsburgh, Pa., June 28, July 18, August 17, Sept. 29 (Engel), Oak Station, Pa. (Marloff). Type No. 10,286, U. S. National Museum. Cotypes in the Merrick Museum, New Brighton, Pa. I take pleasure in naming this no species in honor of Mr August Busck. Gracilaria pennsylvaniella n. sp. Antenne as long as forewing, light brown with narrow gray annula- tion. Labial palpi silver white, terminal joint shaded with brown. Face and head silver white, with central indistinct golden line to collar. Collar and thorax golden brown with a silvery line above patagia. Ground and forewing golden brown. Along the costa are four silvery fascize edged with black, situated as follows: The first one a trifle more than one-fourth from base, outwardly oblique, nearly to middle of wing, curved toward costa. Second fascia a little beyond middle of costa, outwardly oblique, to middle of wing, curved toward costa. Third fascia is short one-fourth from apex, outwardly oblique. The fourth at the beginning of the costal cilia is short, inwardly oblique. A subbasal silvery streak from the dorsal margin reaching the fold one- fourth from base. An outwardly oblique silvery streak from middle of dorsal margin to fold. A second dorsal streak near inner angle to fold ending near the third costal fascia, edged strongly with brown scales at the point. On the middle of the wing, at apical fourth, is a cluster of bright golden scales, a blackish spot centered with silver just below the apex. Cilia along apical curve white, becoming dark July, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 279 gray along dorsal edge. Hindwing blackish brown, cilia dark gray. Abdomen gray, anal segment white. Legs white with brown shadings, and brown annulations on tarsal joint. Expanse, 8-8.5 mm. Hab.—Pittsburgh, Pa., May 14-27, August 11, October 5 (Engel), Oak Station, Pa. (Marloff). Type No. 10,287, U. S. National Museum. Cotypes in Mer- rick Museum, New Brighton, Pa. This species is near Gracilaria lespedezaefoliella Clem., but the larger size, bolder ornamentation, and the comparatively long basal streak separate it from that species. Tinagma crenulellum n. sp. Antennz gray, annulated with ocherous. Labial palpi and head whitish gray. Forewing ocherous strongly dusted with white, giving a speckled appearance to the wing. A broad dark ocherous fascia on the middle of the .wing of equal. width on costal and dorsal edge. This fascia is poorly defined basaly, but distinctly edged with white outwardly. A pale gray shade crosses the wing beyond this central fascia extend- ing nearly to the apex. Apical part of wing dusted ocherous, cilia coarsely speckled with dark brown and white. Hind wings ocherous, cilia smoky gray. Abdomen ocherous. Legs grayish. Expanse, 8.5-9.5 mm. Hab.—Pittsburgh, Pa., May 27-31, 1906, (Engel), New Hampshire. The latter record was reported by Mr. Busck who received this species from New Hampshire since he had my material for study. Type in the U. S. Nat'l. Museum. Cotypes in the Merrick Museum, New Brighton, Pa. This species is very close to, if _ distinct from, the European Tinagma perdicellum Zeller It seems advisable to keep it under a separate name until the iden- tity shall eventually be proven by the breeding of both species. The American species has the labial palpi and head whitish, not ocherous, as in the European species, and the central fascia of the forewing has a different angle, more perpendicular not in- wardly inclined on dorsal edge as in perdicellum. These dif- ferences alone would hardly justify the separation of the American form, but it is easier to prove the two forms syno- nyms than to disprove the faulty record of the European species here. 280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’07 _Andrenae of the Canadian, Alleghanian and Carolinian Plant Zones occurring or likely to occur in Connecticut. By Hu LL. Vienne, TABLE OF SPECIES. Females. The head, when viewed from in front, is as long as wide or nearly so. 1 The head, when viewed from in front, is distinctly longer than wide . 24. 1. Abdomen with the second dorsal segment depressed less than one- Half. oo ete Sie Se pws Be) es 2 Abdomen with the second dorsal segment depressed one-half or more than one-half): oii) oer sdow 6 hv el oi tee 19. 2. First joint of the flagellum shorter than the next two joints com- bined «004.592 wher wee bee as i eae Ss First joint of the flagellum as long as or longer than the next two joints combineG. b45 6). 56 es oie) ese 4. 3. Clypeal punctures not adjoining. Facial fovea more than one-half as wide as the distance between the eye and the lateral ocellus and extending below the antennal line ; wings dark brownish ; pubescence whitish. : Enclosure closely wrinkled. ...........2.. crataegi. Enclosure with several widely separated striae. alleghaniensis n. sp. Very like the preceding, but easily distinguished from it and any of its known allies by the very compact punctuation of the cly- peus, the punctures being regular and adjoining or so nearly adjoining as to give the impression that they are adjoining. daeckei n. sp. 4. Facial fovea separated from the eye margin bya narrow space ; facial fovea more than one-half as wide as the distance between the eye and the lateral ocellus ; facial fovea extending below the antennal line ; the hairs of the outer side of the posterior tibiae simple ; wings with three submarginal cells... ..... 25. Facial fovea not separated from the eye margin by a narrow space ; only a shining line intervening in some species... . .. . 5. 5. Facial fovea one-half or less than one-half as wide as the distance be- tween the eye and the lateral ocellus.. ......... 13. 6. Facial fovea not extending below the antennal line. . ...... 7. Facial fovea extending below the antennalline. ......... 8. 7. Most of the hairs on the outer side of the posterior tibiae simple, plu- moee OF Drancuem 30'S ae ee 29. 8. Cheeks rounded, without a margin behind Cheeks rounded, but with a margin behind. .......... 12. July, 707) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 281 tr. Most of the hairs on the outer side of the posterior tibiae simple . 30. Most of the hairs on the outer side of the posterior tibiae plumose or ee eer Scns | rr ee 44. 12. Most of the hairs on the outer side of the posterior tibiae simple . 45. 13. Fovea extending below the antennal line. ..........-. 15. Fovea not extending below the antennalline . .........- 14. 14. Most of the hairs of the outer surface of the posterior tibiae plumose RO ow ere ele be 0) gi pie wie iegs © gabe) < 46. 15. Most of the hairs of the outer surface of the posterior tibiae sim- SD hye 6: tai ay etow’' «hae A Ca ee eee eee 16. Most of the hairs of the outer surface of the posterior tibiae Seco 5. «55 ix' eV earie: Gay Se ee ees ies 18. 16. The posterior tibiae at their apex twice as wide as the metatarsus . 49. The posterior tibiae at their apex not twice as wide as the metatar- CR a ee ee, 5 ORO Ree eee wD 17. 17. Species with three submarginal cells. ..........24-. 50. Species with two submarginal cells .. . . 1... ...2424- 78. 18. Species resembling avadis andallies. ...........+.-. 79. 19. Abdomen with the second dorsal segment depressed three-fourths or Meee aie Se + oo tee eliegihhe eee 22. Abdomen with the second dorsal segment depressed less than three- IN ican Ee UA ca iw 5a? Hea NE eye oe 20. 20. The shining space between the facial fovea and the eye margin abruptly separated from the fovea. ........... 21. The shining space between the facial fovea and the eye margin not abruptly separated from the fovea. ....-......-. 89. 21. The shining foveal space as wide as, or not as wide as, the fovea be- erie le Gitte (sx 65 we Lee eaten tae go. 22. The first joint of the flagellum shorter than the second and third PeNneUC UNNI rt seh edge alle’ ered Br eA ys be 23. 23. The shining foveal space as wide, or not as wide, as the fovea be- Ee eM a: Raed Saihe ft oi'e ve! Tar id earte SelM’ se be 95- The shining foveal space wider than the fovea below ..... . 98. 24. The fovea extending below the antennal line .......... 99. Ra aig Na ao, wi ev aj sax by atadieleree ie 26. 26. The abdomen without patches that are more conspicuously satiny than the surrounding areas .......--+-+-++44- 27. The abdomen with patches that are more conspicuously satiny than the surrounding areas. 5... .. 6 0 ee lee ss 28. 27. Eleven mm. in length, or nearly ; process of labrum rather rounded ; ot posterior legs with their tegument dark or black ; pubescence on dorsum of thorax ochreous to reddish ; scopa of posterior tibiae light in color ; anal fimbria golden or brown . . nivalis. Seven to eight mm. in length, or nearly ; process of the labrum finger- shaped in outline ; pubescence pale, 7. ¢. whitish to ochreous ; anal fimbria chocolate-brown or of an allied shade . . . placida, ‘ee 282 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’07 28. 29. 30. St: 32. 33- 34. 35. 36. 37- 38. 39- 40. 4I. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. Process of labrum rounded ; abdomen with its tegument partly red dish, the first dorsal segment being black at base and apex. erythrogaster rhodura. Ten mm. in length; clypeus uniformly dullish, sparsely puuctured, but impunctate along the middle; process of labrum nearly four times as wide as long; thorax and abdomen throughout more or less dullish, like the head, with the exception of the scutellum which is rather shining ; pubescence pale, ochreous; scopa of posterior tibiae composed of simple hairs that one might say look very like hair ‘‘standing on end ;’’ abdomen subfasciate ; color of the anal fimbria sort of a golden brown ; wings brownish, with sort of a yellowish tinge. . . . cornelli. Abdomen: black’) os. a ee Oe ae af. Process of the labrum truncate, or semicircular, or when seen from below, subemnarginate:. 2 5 605 383 SS Se 32. Process of the labrum otherwise .0506 20°00) 9 ae 43. Enclosure of the metanotum granular... ............ 32. Enclosure smooth sh ee a ae 38. The greater portion of the longitudinal middle third of the clypeus impunctate se ee a eee 34. Theclypeus notso i Oe Oa ee 35. The clypeus with a rather circular impunctate area, which is usually highly polished and conspicuous ; abdomen subfasciate. flavoclypeata. The clypeus with a narrow but distinct median impunctate space . 36. The clypeus very sparsely punctured ....... . . . robertsoni. The clypeus closely punctured. oi). ee 37. Pubescence ochreous to brownish-ochreous ; abdomen dull; clypeus somewhat Hatieted 2 es USN A ie ae arabis. The tips of the wings distinctly clouded... .......... 39. The tips of the wings not s6i. 8 ei De ae LP 40. Clypeus abundantly and distinctly punctured. . . . . . . mubecula. Dorsulium dull ee ae Sy Bes yy 4t. Dorsulum shining (ees OP i ee ee 42. Clypeus dull-and smooth ).0 0.6 ee ao distans. The abdomen Gallina Oe OP RS canadensis. Process of the labrum finger-shaped; the anal fimbria from pale brown to blackish in color, usually the latter. . . . . placida. Abdomen black; scopa of posterior tibiae loose, 7. ¢. with its hairs SPARSE ere poe Wa Rares gerani-maculati. Process of the labrum quadrate or nearly so, and margined. . fragilis. Process of the labrum rounded, not margined.. ...... integra. Face immaculate ©... ee arate Face maenlatediy gcse Ooo SRS Ore aaa 48. Process of the labrum emarginate ; clypeus roughened and indistinctly punctured ; the dorsulum and scutellum shining. . . solidaginis. MS July, 707) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 283 48. Process of the labrum not, or hardly, emarginate ; clypeus sparsely Seared . . . . |. ee ee ete ae pulchella. 49. Enclosure of the metanotu n conspicuously granular... . . nasoni. 50. Abdomen not distinctly punctured. .............. 55. aces cistinctly punctured.) 2. 6 ee 63. 51. Abdomen appearing bare, with no abundant erect hairs. . . . . 52. Abdomen not appearing bare, with no abundant erect hairs . . . 53. 52. Abdomen and scopa with pale pubescence ; wings pale brownish, tes- taceous ; abdomen fasciate ; clypeus distinctly punctured and SNE cs 5 ew a a Pw Oe novae-angliae n. sp. 53- Abdomen and scopa with pale pubescence ..........-. 54. Abdomen above and scopa with dark pubescence. ....... 60. 54. Abdomen without distinct bands of nearly erect pubescence. . . 55. Abdomen with distinct bands of nearly erect pubescence .. . . 56. 55. Face with no black pubescence ; abdomen fasciate, shining ; clypeus with a median impunctate space. ....... mandibularis. 56. Clypeus dull ..... Sr. UP ree rea eh el Ly NINE 0 nn gs ae se 6 da pL ee eemase 59. 57. Nearly all of the scopal hairs white. ... . 1... 2S ee 58. 58. Anal fimbria gray and fuscous.............. cockerelli. ao, PP eee sk a mandibularis. 60. Abdominal pubescence mostly pale... ............ 61. Abdominal pubescence mostly black. ............. 62. 61. Face with yellowish pubescence ............ hirticincta. 62. Clypeus with a median impunctate space ...... milwaukeensis. 63. Abdomen and scopa with palehairs ..........2.... 64. Abdomen and scopa with dark or black hairs... ....... 13 64. Clypeus with no distinct, shining, median impunctate space . . . 65. Clypeus with a distinct, shining, median impunctate space . . . 72. 65. Enclosure of the metathorax not rugulose, at most granular. . . 66. Enclosure of the metathorax rugulose ............. 72. Sa Go wa le ew 6 sk BeBe Se 67. RB se 5g) Sk argh gs Soe a Tg A tpg Ss 68. 67. Clypeus very closely punctured, appearing granular ; posterior tibiae honey-yellow ; scopa thin, not obscuring the tegument. winkleyi n. sp. moms Mot producea, ; . 0... 6 we ee, 69. momen. 47m SE davisi n. sp. 69. Posterior tibiae honey-yellow ................. 70. EN ES ES ee 71. Meemcomen gubfasciate ....... 2 6. ee ee es commoda. _ 71. Enclosure wrinkled, process of labrum semicircular in outline. cressoni. 72. Enclosure not entirely ruguiose .............. hilaris. 73- Species with some pale pubescence... . .... 2.2.2... 74. 74. Face and pleura with pale pubescence... .......... 74. Face and pleura with some black pubescence. ......... 76. 284 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’o7 75. 76. 77: 78. 79- 80. 8r. 82, 96. 97- Clypeus with an indistinct median impunctate space. . . . . vicina. Clypeus with a median impunctate space. ........... 77. Species over 12 mm. long; dorsum of thorax with no black pubes- CONCE 6 so 5 Raye 4: le ee carlini. Process of labrum forming an obtuse-angled triangle; abdomen black: 2 5.5: 53a ier ete andrencides-wellesleyana. Process of ‘labrum emarginate ... sis ues. ov 80. Process of labrum not emarginate ei) ..6.4. 6) ee 85. Process of labrum truncate anteriorly, the truncation wider than the process is long; clypeus shining, not densely punctured ; cly- peus not maculated 3°... << 4's Wed ieee Se 81. Clypeus with a median impunctate space. ........... 82. Clypeus with no median impunctate space. .......... 83. Most of the middle third of the clypeus occupied by the impunctate space ; species resembling favoclypeada . pennsylvanicola n. sp. . Species approximately 13 mm. long . . . ..°.0. 6 oes 84. » Clypeus polishee ge... ks a a ee helianthi. Clypeus ot PameOeG 4 6... kk ee eee braccata n. sp. . Clypeus not@um 36 fs 6. oo. es 86. .Clypeus not densely punctured. . . . . ..° 50. ee 87. . Clypeus with a median impunctate space. ........... 88. s SCOpa looms sa ae nk oe et ee ae ee angusi n. sp. Scopa compact ;-wings blackish. . . ... .-. +. .s2hles asteris. . Process of labrum broadly truncate ; clypeus with no distinct median impunctate space ; the semeead dorsal abdominal segment de- pressed practically one-half... ....... rehni n. sp. . Second dorsal abdominal segment depressed one-half. .. . . . gf. Second dorsal abdominal segment depressed more than one-half . 94. « Abdomen: bdlaeie, siiiaieiwtiiin Sed Soe os Wat eee 92. Abdomen: redo pcy Gee te i ace Le ats Bhs 93. Abdonien fascinteg 6 ss85 pas a cet a eee fo Se forbesi Abdomen not fascia or Ge ea a. marie var. concolor. @ndomen NOt iageeie co. a ee ee mariae. . Posterior tibiae and tarsi black or blackish ; abdomen not fasciate.. weedi n. sp. Posterior tibiae and tarsi black or blackish; abdomen fasciate . obscura: Posterior tibiae and tarsi honey yellow. ......... hippotes. . Second abdominal segment depressed two-thirds. ...... .- 96. Second abdominal segment depressed more than two-thirds. . . 97. Abdomen densely punctured ; its segments with no testaceous mar- Oe ee ere gs fa) se by) te ee multiplicata- Abdomen black ; depressed portion of second dorsal abdominal seg- ment indistinctly punctured ; punctures of the clypeus not fine nor adjoining ; enclosure coarsely rugose .... . Spireana. Abdomen fasciate; depressed portion of second dorsal abdominal seg- ment indistinctly punctured ; clypeus with no median impunc- tate space ; posterior tibiae blackish . . multiplicatiformis n. sp. July,’o7] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 285 98. Dorsulum with its punctures adjoining or nearly so ; the shining space of the face rather oblong. ne iat fascinate, 22 Soli. 4 aeeeeee se bs es rugosa. eensciate =... yank, ss eee paenerugosa n. sp. 99. Pubescence pale; analfimbria brown ........ bradleyi n. sp MALES. Head viewed from in front as wide as, or wider thanlong ...... I. Head viewed from in front longer than wide. ........... 32. 1. Abdomen with the second segment depressed less than one-half, or at most depressed one-half... . ........... «2 2. Third joint of the antennae shorter than the next succeeding joint or meet as long): eid. Cs tal ia SS Serta eer 3. Third joint of the antennae longer than the next succeeding joint . 8. 3. Penultimate ventral segments with reflexed angles. . . . . crataegi. Penultimate ventral segments with no reflexed angles ...... 4- 4. Second dorsal segment depressed one-third . .... daeckei n. sp. Second dorsal segment depressed one-half or less than one-half, but Peete set CUPS soot... 5. SIS I eee 5. 5. Antennae smooth and shining; enclosure rugose. . . . . . forbesi. Antennae smooth and shining ; enclosure rugose . mariae var.concolor. Antennae smooth and shining ; enclosure granular . . winkleyi n. sp. SRE Se oS 1 a ee erie ek 6. 6. Abdomen more or lessreddish .............. mariae. I etait ik ee eo cay se ee ame 7- EES oie: Sag re ei hippotes. Tarsi blackish or brownish ; enclosure rugose ........ weedi. CNN Ty Diol we 8 coe wll nasoni. 8. Face maculated with yellow or whitish. ............ 25. IS EE ES eh a yo ae 9. g. Third joint of antennae longer than fourth but shorter than fourth or GI n in”. 2. <4 op. ar gill POE 4 10. Third joint of antennae as long as, or longer than the fourth and fifth De eg eg a ae we 24. to. Cheeks prominently angulate orkeeled ............ * Cheeks neither angulate nor keeled ..........2...-. 20. 11. Cheeks prominently angulate, not keeled. ........... 12. I Ef kk ee hg wee fragilis. 12. Mandibles toothed on the under side near the base... ... . 13. Mandibles not toothed on the under side near the base .... . 16. 13. Tooth on the under side of mandibles a mere angle. . . . .. . 14. 14. Pubescence of abdomen pale ............ mandibularis. Part of the pubescence of abdomen dark ..... . milwaukeensis. 16. Face with some black pubescence. ........... cockerelli. Pace with no black pubescence ................ 17. 17. Wings in part distinctly clouded with brownish. . . .. . nubecula. I re. kes kw ewe 5 - 18. 286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’o7 18, Dorsulum polished ... ...-. 3. \% sie ee eee canadensis. Dorsulum Gull... ww os ee oie ee i 19. 19. Abdomen dull, with ochreous erect pubescence. . .. . hirticincta. Abdomen shining, with appressed pubescence . erythrogaster rhodura. 20. Part of the facial pubescence black. ...........-. carlini. Face with no black hairs’. ; . . S054) ee Zi a1. Tarsi yellowish... sie do's) 0) Ss 9) oe nivalis. Tarsi brownish or blackish «.. 6-6/4 °40sis 4 9) see eee 22. 22. Third joint of antennae as long as succeeding joint. ... . vicina. Third joint of antennae longer than succeeding joint. ..... 23. 23, Abdomen sericeous .)°s: 55... <). +) «sxe es cee a commoda. , Abdomen not sericeous .. 30.0.0. osetia placida. 24. Angles of sixth ventral segment of the abdomen reflexed . erigeniae. Angles of sixth ventral segment of the abdomen not reflexed distans. 25. Wings with two submarginal cells. .......... andrenoides. Wings with three submarginal cells ...........4.2.. 26. 96; Cheeks angilate gi ii. 6 es se) ee flavoclypeata. Cheeks not anpilate ooo. ee ees | Se 9 27. Maculation confined to the clypeus............+4.. 28. Maculation not confined to the clypeus. ... ........ 30. 28. Third joint of antennae as long as fourth and fifth joints combined, or alittl6ionger= woke ASG Ay 29. Third joint of the antennae longer than the fourth joint, but not as long as the fourth and fifth joints combined. . . . robertsoni. 29. Pubescence whitish ; posterior femora black, . . . . braceata n. sp. Pubescence tawny or ochreous ; posterior femora partly yellowish. helianthi. 300, Tarsi yellowiahi. crave ie 6 Uae Speier sip a Sete pulchella. Tarsi brownish Or DuORhen. 6. he 6 et Ge ee 31. 31. Abdomen distinctly punctured... .....-.-4.-., cressoni. Abdomen not oy pees ce AS a Bite asteris. 32. Clypeus maculated with yellow... ......... bradleyi n. sp. Andrena ( Trachandrena) alleghaniensis Vier. ok ( Trachandrena) crataegi Robt. Sure to be found throughout the State. td (7rachandrena) daeckei Vier. May be found in Connecticut along the Sound. Type locality Clementon, New Jersey. e nivalisSm. (=A. pruni= A. dunningi= A. viciniformis = A. convexa= A. viburnella). Throughout the State. a placida Sm. (=A. Salicacea= A. macilenta= A. macgill- vrayt). This is no doubt generally distributed throughout the State. = erythrogaster rhodura Ckll. Type locality Hartford. a= .hlUC July,’07}/ =—SMENTTOMOOLLOGGICALL NEWS. 287 Andrena cornelli Vier. Type locality Ithaca, N. Y. flavoclypeataSm. (= A. bipunctata of authors = clypeata = clypeolata). No doubt occurs throughout the State. It is one of the important pollinizers of apple, pear and other fruit blossoms. robertsoni D. T. (=A. serotina). Occurs with the preceding species, but is not so common. arabis Robt. This appears early in spring. nubecula Sm. : distans Prov. canadensis T). T. (= simulata). gerani-maculati Robt. fragilisSm. (=fplatyparia=laticeps = provancheri). integra Sm. (=Aneata). solidaginis Robt. Late in summer and early in fall this species may be seen visiting the flowers of the goldenrod. pulchella Robt. vestita Prov. (=nasoni=hartfordensis). This is one of the pollinizers of fruit blossoms. novae-angliae Vier. mandibularis Robt. (=‘thaspi). This visits fruit blossoms and azalea flowers. cockerelli Graen. hirticincta Prov. (=americana=fimbriata). Visits flowers of the goldenrod and other flowers of late summer and early fall. milwaukeensis Graen. winkleyi Vier. Type locality Branford. Visits flowers of quince, raspberry and possibly other fruits. davisi Vier. commoda Sm. (= corni). w cressoni Robt. hilaris Sm. vicina Sm. Visits flowers of some of the fruit trees. carlini Ckil. Occurs with the preceding. andrenoides wellesleyana Robt. Visits the willow. pennsylvanicola Vier. helianthi Robt. Visits the sunflower. braccata Vier. Visits goldenrod flowers. angusi Vier. asteris Robt. Received its name from its habit of visiting flow- ers of the aster. rehni Vier. Sorbesi Robt. mariae var. concolor Robt. mariae Robt. 288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’o7 Andrena weedi Vier. re obscura Robt. be hippotes Robt. ahs multiplicata Ckll. = spireana Robt. * multiplicatiformis Vier. “ rugosa Robt. be paenerugosa Vier. - bradleyi Vier. Visits flowers of the gooseberry, Rides oxya- canthoides and huckleberry flowers, Gadussacia. List of Tachinidae taken in the City of Philadelphia. By H. S. HARBECK. In the northern part of the City of Philadelphia, Pa., isa number of small woods that so far have been saved from devas- tation, but which I presume in a short time will be cut down to make ready for improvements. In such places I have found the very best kind of collecting for Diptera. To enumerate all the specimens collected would take up too much space of this Journal, but to give an idea of the excel- lent collecting to be had in these places, I give a list of the species of one family, the Tachinidae, which I have collected in the past few years. Sixty-two species are here listed, and my thanks are due to Mr. D.W. Coquillett for the determination of most of the species and to Dr. L. O. Howard, of the Nat. Mus. for his kindness in allowing me to send my material to the Mus. for determination. Cistogaster immaculata Macq., July 30. Phorantha occidentalis Walk., July 2. Myiophasia aenea Wied., Aug. 22. Cryptomeigenia theutis Walk., May 20. Admontia degeerioides Coq., Aug. 4. es tarsalis Coq., Aug. 4. ‘s nasoni Coq., Sept. 8. Celatoria diabroticae Shimer, Aug. 12. Hypostena dunningti Coq., Aug. 12. id variabilis Coq., Sept. 8. floridensis Town., June Io. flaveola Coq., June 4. Macquartia pristis Walk., July 28. Hyalomyodes triangulifera Loew., May 20. Oestrophasia signifera V. d. Wulp., May 9. ai “ce oo July, ’o7] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 289 Epigrimyia floridensis Town., Aug. 12. Cyrtophloeba horrida Coq., April 21. Plagia americana V. d. Wulp., July 6. Distichona auriceps Coq., Sept. 24. Senotainia trilineata V. d. Wulp., Aug. 12. Belvosia unifasciata Desv., Sept. 24. Linnaemyia compta Fall., Oct. 1. Panzeria radicum Fabr., April 15. Macromeigenia chrysoprocta Wied., July 16. Gymnochaeta alcedo Loew., May 23. Exoristoides slossonae Coq., June 21. Exorista blanda O. S., Oct. t. 5 eudryae Town., July 28. confinis Fall., July 28. nigripalpus Town., July 30. “ lobellae Coq., June 12. 35 ceratomiae Coq., July 28. Euphorocera claripennis Macq., July 12. ’ cinerea V. d. Wulp., April 15. Phorocera leucaniae Coq , April 21. Siphosturmia rostrata Coq., Aug. 26. Acemyia dentata Coq., Aug. 2. Tachina robusta Town., June 18. “« mella Walk., Aug. 21. Winthemia quadripustulata Fabr., July 2. Frontina setipes Coq., Sept. 24. 7, aletiae Riley, June 18. ‘ ancilla Walk., June 26. Blepharipiza leucophrys Wied., July 21. Masicera eufitchiae Town., Aug. 26. “ chaetoneura Cogq., June 14. Fiilarella fulvicornis Coq., Aug. 12. “ polita Town., July 30. Metopia leucocephala Rossi., Aug. 4. Gonia capitata De Geer, April 2. “* senilis Will., April 2. Spallanzania hesperidarum Will., July 2. Gaediopsis ocellaris Coq., Sept. 21. Chaetogadea analis V. d. Wulp., Sept. 21. Cuphocera fucata V. d, Wulp., Aug. 1. Peleteria robusta Wied., June 4. Archytas aterrima Desv., Sept. 25. ¥ analis Fabr., Oct. 1. Echinomyia dakotensis Town., Sept. 4. ‘a florum Walk., June to. Epalpus signiferus Walk., May 7. ad 290 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’07 Notes and Descriptions of Hippoboscidae and Streblidae. By D. W. CoguILLett. Ornithomyia butalis Coq. In Entomological News for March, 1907, (p. 103), Dr. Spei- ser expresses his belief that this species is synonymous with avi- cularia Linné. Besides the great difference in color, the two forms are readily separable by the venation; in butalis the apex of the second basal cell is slightly nearer to the apex of the anal than to the small crossvein; in avicularia, two European specimens of which are before me, the second basal cell is pro- longed almost to the small crossvein, the distance never much exceeding the length of that crossvein. Ornithomyia anchineuria Speiser (Aa/i/da Say, 1823, not Olivier, 1811). Nine specimens from localities ranging from Washington, D. C., to California, agree so Well with Say’s description as to leave no doubt in regard to their belonging to his species; I am unable to distinguish them from European specimens of avicularia Linné and believe that they. belong to this holarctic _ species. In some of the specimens the crossvein at the apex of the second basal cell is practically interstitial with the small crossvein, as Say described it, but the position of this crossvein is variable in the different specimens. Lynchia brunnea Olivier. Dr. Speiser refers this species to the genus Lynchia with a query, but since the form which the writer independently identified as this species belongs to the present genus, and moreover since Olivier’s description applies to this species bet- ter than to any other form which occurs in our fauna, there would seem to be no need for the query. Lipoptena subulata n. sp. Near depressa Say but larger, with a fasciate abdomen and a stout black spine at the apex of the inner side of the front tibie. Head yellowish, middle of the front opaque brownish, the broad orbits July, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 291 polished and becoming blackish posteriorly, an elongate-oval, transverse, black ocellar spot and a pair of black spots between the antennz. Thorax brown, the anterior part and the scutellum yellowish. Abdomen black, the base reddish yellow, the medio-dorsal region marked with a pale yellow triangular spot, followed by two fascie of the same color, the second one at its ends usually prolonged to the hind end of the abdomen; venter black laterally, the middle pale yellow; just before the anal opening in the female is a transverse row of three small chitinized brown spots. Legs light yellow; front and middle tibiz devoid of spines, except at their apices, the front ones with a stout black apical spine reaching to apex of second tarsal joint, the middle tibiz with a long, black spine and a second spine about one-half as long; hind tibie bearing a row of three along the inner side and a crown of four at the apex. Length 4 to 5 mm. Woodstock, N. H. Six females and one male collected on deer in November, 1905, by Mr. John P. Long. Type No. 10,292 U. S. National Museum. The form here considered as being depressa is represented’ in the National Museum by a fine series of specimens collected on a blacktailed deer by Mr. H. S. Barber, in Humboldt county, Cal. The habitat of Say’s specimens is not at present known; in the original description he simply stated that this species “Inhabits Cervus virginianus,’ a kind of deer which, as at that time understood, ranged from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains. In the introductory remarks in the paper which contains his description of depressa he stated that the Diptera described therein “were chiefly collected by myself during the late expedi- tion to the Rocky Mountains under the command of Major Long.” It is altogether probable, therefore, that the specimens were obtained from a deer shot by one of the members of the expedition at some point between Arkansas and the Rocky Mountains. That it should also be found in northern Cali- fornia is not an improbable occurrence. Aspidoptera busckii Coq. - This is given by Speiser as a synonym of phyllostomatis Perty, but is readily distinguished by the fact that the tibiae are only pubescent, while in p/tyllostomatis, four Brazilian specimens of which are before me, the tibiae are fringed with comparatively long bristly hairs. 292 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’o7 METELASMUS n. gen. of Streblidae. Near Strebla but the wings reduced to somewhat oval pads less than half as long as the thorax. Head depressed, some- what bell-shaped, fringed around the margins with setae, the posterior end fringed with flattened spines below, at the sides and on the hind angles of the upper side; no antenne, eyes or ocelli. Thorax somewhat injured in the single specimen Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillett. before me, but apparently of the form shown in the figure; sternum sparsely covered with short, bristly hairs and fringed with setz around the front end, medium sulcus three-branched posteriorly. Abdomen and legs as in the figure. Type, the following species: Metelasmus pseudopterus n. sp. Head brownish yellow, a transverse pair of pale yellow spots near the middle; body dark yellow, legs pale yellow; aborted wings dark yellow and with a pale yellow costal spot before the middle of each; spines and bristles, like the tarsal claws, black; length 2.5 mm. Sapucay, Paraguay, South America. A single specimen col- - lected on a bat, Artibius lituratus. Type No. 10293. U. S. National Museum. ———_—— ee July, ’o7) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 293 The Bees of Nebraska.—IIl. By Myron H. Swenk. Family MACROPIDAE. Genus MACROPIS Panzer. 1. Macropis patetlata Patton. Meadow, Nebraska, July 14, 1906, three males collected at a small white Asclepias (P. R. Jones). 2. Macropis clypeata n. sp. 6.—Length 7 mm.; apparently very close to M. morsei Rob., but differing from the description of that species as follows: Pubescence of mesonotum pale and black intermixed, the dark hairs predominating only on the disk; only the clypeus yellow, the spots on the sides of the face and on mandibles lacking; wings smoky, the nervures and stigma black; tarsi wholly black; first two abdominal segments scarcely depressed apically and not fasciate. Type—Warbonnet Canon, Sioux County, Nebraska, July 13, 1go1, on Pentstemon (M: Cary). ¢. Differs at once from ciliata, patellata and steironematis in the face marks and size. Family DUFOUREIDAE. ~ Genus HALICTOIDES Panzer. 1. Halictoides marginatus Cresson. Entire State (Lincoln, West Point, Neligh, Long Pine, Gordon, Bridgeport, Crawford, Glen and Warbonnet Canon), flying in great abundance at the flowers of the various species of Helianthus, and also on Grindelia squarrosa, Solidago rigida, Convolvulus sp. and Carduus altissimus, on the three last named flowers but rarely. In eastern Nebraska the season of flight is from August 7 to September 18, in Sioux County somewhat earlier, from June 26 to August 29. 2. Halictoides maurus Cresson. Sioux County, Nebraska, June 13-28, at flowers of Cam- panula petiolata. Family NOMIIDAE. Genus NOMIA Latreille. 1. Nomia foxii Dalla Torre. Lincoln, West Point and Dundy County, Nebraska, May 31 to July 12 at flowers of Petalostemon violaceus. 294 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’07 2. Nomia nortoni Cresson. Lincoln, Nebraska City, Union and Harvard, Nebraska, June 9 to September 14, at flowers of Solidago rigida, Grindelia squarrosa, Cassia chamaechrista and Petalostemon violaceus. Genus EUNOMIA Cresson. 1. Eunomia heteropoda Say. West Point and Ord, Nebraska, August. 2. Eunomia apacha Cresson. Sioux County, Nebraska, a single female specimen taken. Genus EPINOMIA Ashmead. 1. Epinomia triangulifera Vachal. Lincoln, Nebraska City and Cedar Bluffs, Nebraska, August 4 to September 18 at flowers of Helianthus annuus, Grindelia squarrosa, Polygonum hydropiper and, less commonly, on Solidago rigida and Vernonia sp. also. This species has formed a large colony on the salt flats west of Lincoln. Family BOMBIDAE. Genus BOMBIAS Robertson. 1. Bombias separatus (Cresson). This species is abundant over the entire State. Specimens before me are from Lincoln, Omaha, Beatrice, South Bend, Weeping Water, Nebraska City, West Point, Neligh, Niobrara, Springview, Gordon and Sioux County. The females com- mence to fly in late April, principally upon the flowers of Prunus, Salix, Ribes, Rubus, Maius, Astragalus and Lonicera; the workers appear in numbers during the third week in June, visiting during the summer and fall the flowers of Petalostemon, Psoralea, Verbena, Symphoricarpos, Monardia, Cassia and Solidago; the males are abundant during Septem- ber and October on Carduus and Hehanthus. 2. Bombias scutellaris (Cresson). Of our three common eastern Nebraska Bombias this species is the least plentiful. It is present over the entire State, but is more common eastwardly, having been captured at Lincoln, . Omaha; Nebraska City, West Point, Carns and in Sioux County. It flies from early June to early October, chiefly on Petalostemon, Carduus, Helianthus, Solidago and Grindelia. July, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 295 3. Bombias auricomus Robertson. (= pennsylvanicus Cresson, J, 2, %, in part.) Probably the entire State, but rare westwardly, and not yet taken in Sioux County. Many specimens from Lincoln, Omaha, South Bend, West Point, etc., and a single worker from Dundy County in June on Carduus (M. H Swenk). Next to separatus this is our most common Bombias. The females begin to fly in early May and from then to early October, visiting the flowers of Ribes, Astragalus, Fragara, Rubus, Antirrhinum and Carduus. 4. Bombias nevadensis (Cresson). This is essentially a species of the Transition zone, but it straggles south along the western edge of the State to Dundy County, and east along the northern edge to West Point. It abounds in Sioux County, flying from May to September, visiting commonly the flowers of Astragalus, Malvastrum, Cleome, Monarda, etc. Cresson’s Bombus improbus is un- doubtedly the male of nevadensis. 5. Bombias morrisoni (Cresson). A strictly Transition species, only rarely descending even to the more elevated portions of this State. We have two worker specimens, one taken in Warbonnet Canon, Sioux County, July 21, the other at Gering, Nebraska, in August. 6. Bombias rufocinctus (Cresson). Sioux County (Glen, Harrison, Pine Ridge), July and August, 3 females, 11 workers and 1 male. Also a single male from West Point, Nebraska. 7. Bombias edwardsii (Cresson). A worker bumblebee captured in Warbonnet Canon, Sioux County, July 23, 1901 on Verbena (M. A. Carriker), is ap- parently a variety referable to this species, though not typical %, f Genus BOMBUS Latreille. 1. Bombus proximus coloradensis Titus. Warbonnet Canon, Sioux County, July 1, 1901 (L. Bruner), one female specimen. 296 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [July, ’07 2. Bombus pennsylvanicus (De Geer). (=/ervida Fabricius.) Present over the entire State, but common only in the higher parts, especially in Sioux County, where it is abundant from the middle of May to the middle of September. Eastward, it has been captured at Lincoln, Omaha, Weeping Water, West Point, Neligh, Springview and Gordon. It has been taken principally on Astragalus, Rubus, Petalostemon, Monarda, Mentha, Carduus, Solidago and Helianthus. 3. Bombus americanorum Fabricius. Distributed as Bombias auricomus, which it so much resem- bles but everywhere more common, probably our commonest Bombus. Lincoln, Omaha, South Bend, Cedar Bluffs, Weep- ing Water, Nebraska City, West Point, Neligh, Broken Bow and Brown, Rock and Hitchcock Counties. Not yet captured in Sioux County. Season as that of Bombias auricomus. Our plant records for this species include Astragalus, Rubus, Malus, Petalostemon, Verbena, Carduus, Cassia, Psoralea, Monarda, Solanum, Vernonia, Solidago, Carduus and Helianthus. 4. Bombus virginicus (Olivier). Eastern Nebraska, common. Specimens are from Lincoln Omaha, South Bend, Cedar Bluffs, Weeping Water, Meadow, Nebraska City, Falls City and Nemaha City; This is the first Bombus to appear in the spring, flying about April 20 on Prunus and Ribes. Later it is found commonly on Rubus, Cassia and Petalostemon. 5. Bombus ridingsii Cresson. South Bend and Omaha, May 17-20 on Rubus occidentalis, several female specimens. We have never taken workers or males in the State. 6. Bombus consimilis Cresson. Entire State, specimens from Lincoln, Omaha, South Bend, Weeping Water, Meadow, Cedar Bluffs, West Point, and Sioux County. Found principally on Rubus, Lonicera and _Petalostemon. All of our old Nebraska records of B. vagans refer to this species. July, 707] -- BNTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 297 7. Bombus huntii Greene (= /ernarius of authors, in part.) This handsome species is confined to the Pine Ridge country in Sioux County, where it flies abundantly from late May to September, visiting Astragalus, Symphoricarpos, Campanula, Borago, Melilotus, Monarda, Cleome, Carduus and Helianthus. 8. Bombus juxtus Cresson. Distributed as B. huntti, but much less common, having the same season and visiting the same plants. Genus PSITHYRUS Lepelletier. 1. Psithyrus variabilis (Cresson). . Our commonest Psithyrus. Lincoln, Ashland, Seward and West Point, May to October, found on Rubus, Verbena, Liatris, Bidens, Solidago and Carduus. 2. Psithyrus laboriosus (Fabricius). Two specimens, a female from Lincoln taken in August, 1893, and a male from West Point taken September 19, 1887. This species is much closer to P. latitarsus Morrill than is P. insularis, with which he compares it. 3. Psithyrus insularis (F. Smith). Found only in Sioux County, from which we have a female and two male specimens. Family MELECTIDAE. Genus NEOLARRA Ashmead. 1. Neolarra verbesinae Cockerell. One 2 specimen, Warbonnet Canon, Sioux County, Neb- raska, July 23, 1901, on Helianthus (M. Cary). Genus NEOPASITES Ashmead. 1. Neopasites illinoiensis Robertson. Lincoln, West Point, Cedar Bluffs and Omaha, Nebraska, June 20 to September 11, on Solidago rigida and Grindelia Squarrosa in the fall, and on Ratibida columnaris, Symphori- carpos occidentalis and Asclepias sp. in the summer. This species has been found in the nests of Calliopsis andreniformis at both Omaha and West Point. 298 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [July, ’07 2. Neopasites heliopsis Robertson. Lincoln, West Point, Springview and Warbonnet Canon, Sioux County, Nebraska, June 21 to September 11, on Solidago rigida, Grindelia squarrosa and Aster in the fall, and on Senecio in the summer. | 3. Neopasites robertsoni Crawford. I took several specimens of this species August 27, 1902, on Solidago rigida along with N. heliopsis, which was much more abundant. Mr. Crawford records it from West Point, August 30, 1903 on the same flower. Genus MELECTA Latreille. 1. Melecta interrupta Cresson. Warbonnet Canon, Glen, Long Pine and West Point, Neb- raska, June 30 to August 16 at flowers of Cleome serrulata, Petalostemon violaceus and Monarda sp. 2. Melecta miranda Fox. The preceding species is characteristic of the Transition zone and.is replaced in the Upper Sonoran by this species. Lincoln, Weeping Water, Glen and Gering, Nebraska, season and flowers the same as for interrupta; also found occasionally upon flowers of Helianthus annuus. Genus BOMBOMELECTA Patton. 1. Bombomelecta pacifica Cresson. Warbonnet Canon, Monroe Canon and Halsey, Nebraska, May 28 to June 6, flying at fiowers of various species of Astragalus. : VIERECKELLA new genus. Labial palpi 4-jointed, as long as glossa, two basal joints long and flattened, two distal joints short and sub-cylindrical, proportionate length as 10.5: 6: 1.7: 1, Maxillary palpi 5-jointed, the first four joints elongate and cylindrical, the basal joint thickest, joint 2 slightly more slender and much longer, joint 3 subequal to but more slender than 2, 4 about two-thirds as long as 3, joint 5 extremely minute, visible only - upon close microscopic scrutiny. Glossa long, one and one-half times as long as the mentum, lanceolate. Mandibles with a deep oa ke . July,’07} ~~ =~=—SC ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 299 external tooth, inserted before middle of eye. Marginal cell at apex rounded, widely separated from costa, nearly as long as the combined three submarginals but distinctly shorter than the first discoidal cell. Submarginals three, subequal in length along the cubitus, first one trapezoidal, second slightly nar- rowed above, third narrowed about one-third. First transverse cubital nervure straight, second slightly curved, third bulg- ing strongly out toward apex of wing. First and second recurrent nervures joining second and third submarginal cells respectively near their apices. Median cell much larger and nearly twice as long as the submedian. Discoidal nervure much longer than the sub-discoidal nervure. Stigma medium- sized, well developed. Scutellum bilobed. Legs stout, simple. Claws with a short inconspicuous internal tooth. Tibial spurs short and stout, only one on middle tibie, dark testaceous and microscopically pectinate. Abdomen short, conical, seg- ment 6 of 2 exerted, elongate acuminate, with a distinct pygidial area. Viereckella obscura n. sp.* $.—Length 10 mm.; shining black, nearly bare. Head coarsely punc- tured, very shallowly on clypeus and cheeks, deeply so on front, the sides of vertex finely punctured. Supraclypeal area elevated, con- tinuous with a median carina between bases of antenne. Antenne black, scape finely punctured, the flagellum testaceous beneath, joint three decidedly shorter than four. Labrum shining, punctured like the front. Mesonotum shining, coarsely and closely punctured, no well- defined discal space, scutellum and pleura similarly but more coarsely punctured, postscutellum opaque, irregularly reticulate. Metathorax with a smooth, shining, almost impunctate basal triangle, elsewhere punctured like mesonotum. Tegule large, shining black, finely punc- tured. Wings heavily darkened,-nervures and stigma black. Basal abdominal segment subimpunctate, except laterally, following segments feebly and mostly indistinctly punctured, the margins of the segments not depressed. Pubescence short, sparse, pale grayish white, except that on tibie and tarsi, which is largely black, and that on the inner surface of the tarsi which is orange, longest on pleura, scutellum and postscutellam. The abdomen has very loose thin lateral fasciz on apices of segments 1-5, and segments 4-6, bear some black bristles ventrally. o.—Unknown. *A second species of the new genus occurs in Virginia. 300 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’o7 Type—Meadow, Nebraska, July 14, 1905, (P. R. Jones). 2: In Ashmead’s tables this bee runs to Aglae Lep. or Letopo-- dus Smith. To the former it is but distantly related, but to the latter it is fairly close, differing radically, however, in the comparative lengths of the palpal joints. From the type species of Leiopodus this species differs in the lack of depression on mesonotum, dark wings, lack of abdominal macule, etc. I take pleasure in dedicating this remarkable new genus to Mr. H. L. Viereck, in recognition of his valuable contributions to the study of North American bees. . Viereckella ceanothina Ckll., n. sp. ?.—Similar to the typical species, but smaller (length less than 8 mm.) ; wings only moderately dark, darkest apically, second submarginal — cell small, subtriangular, being much narrowed above, very much shorter above and below than the first or third; flagellum beneath dark coffee brown, except its first joint, which is red; hair of tibiz white. Runs nearest to Leiopodus in Ashmead's table. I examined the type of Leiopodus in the British Museum (see Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XXXI, 316) and it is a decidely different insect. The hind coxe are large and long, while in our insect they are normal, though rather large; the b. n. falls a considerable distance short of t. m.; in our species they meet. The shape of the second s. m. is entirely different. Habitat——Falls Church, Va., June 14, at flowers of Ceano-— thus. (Nathan Banks)—T. D. A. COCKERELL. Lycaena emigdionis Brennell—Mr. Fordyce Grinnell described, in EntomotocicaL News, April, 1905, a male and female of a Lycaena, which he called emigdionis. His specimens were taken in San Emigdio Canon, Kern County, California, in June. Mr. W. G. Wright, in But- terflies of the West Coast, page 226, redescribed the species, giving it the name melimona “from both of its supposed parents” (melissa and acmon.) All his specimens were females and were taken in one locality in the San Bernardino Mountains in June. He found acmon prevailing there in May, melimona in June, and melissa in July. The larval food- plant of emigdionis is Hosackia purshiana. Specimens sent by Mr. Wright to W. H. Edwards were said to be “only a variety of acmon.” He has never taken the male. A later examination of Mr. Grinnell’s specimens proves them to be all females, and, as Edwards said, emig- dionis is probably only a variety of acmon and the synonymy will be Lycaena acmon Boisd. Var. + emigdionis Grinnell, melimona Wright. —Cart R. Coorrpee, July,’o7] - ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 301 Notes on Histeridae. By Cuares SCHAEFFER, Brooklyn, N. Y. Hololepta pervalida Blaisd. This is a valid species and distinguishable from all the North American as well as the Mexican species of the sub- genus Lioderma, as far as known to me, by the possession of a transverse marginal line at base of elytra. This im- pressed line is a continuation of the two striz along the basal margin and generally extends to the scutellum. The form is narrower and more parallel than yucateca; the apical fovea of the thorax in yucateca is very near the apical angles, while the fovea in pervalida is separated from the apical angles by twice or three times the width of the side margin, the space between the fovea and the apical angle with confused, short strie. The median ridge of the underside of the front tibiz is smooth and not interrupted in yucateca, but is interrupted, or rather three—or four—dentate in pervalida. Mr. George Franck received a great number of specimens from Pasadena, which I take to be this species. The descrip- tion is very poor, hardly anything is given to differentiate this species from yucateca, except that it is said to be “strongly oblong, narrower and much less depressed than yucateca,” which applies well to the Pasadena specimens, but also to grandis Mars., which Marseul himself placed as a synonym of his yucateca. In the description of grandis there is, how- ever, no mention made of the transverse marginal stria at ‘base of elytra, which could not have been overlooked. Major Casey, who seems to have seen the type of princeps Lec., states that this is a distinct species, but gives nothing to differentiate it from yucateca Mars. It may be that per- valida is the same as princeps, in which case the latter name has to be used for this species. _I found Hololepta yucateca near Brownsville, Texas, in the decaying trunks of Yucca treculeana; vernicis in the decaying flower stalks of Agave americana? in the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, and cacti in the half-decayed leaves or rather stems of Opuntia engelmanni near Brownsville and Hidalgo, Texas. 302 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’o7. Hololepta vernicis Casey. In the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, I took a small num- ber of specimens of a Hololepa, which agree in every respect with the description of this species. It is also a good species and not synonymous with yucateca. The specimens are always much smaller than yucateca, about the size of cacti, but more elongate; the lateral thoracic groove is narrow and deeply impressed, and scarcely becomes wider near apical angles; near the latter in the male is a deep circular fovea, which is absent in the female; the supra-orbital striz are in all my specimens short, basal. The description of the Mexican polita Mars. fits the males of vernicis Casey very closely, in fact, there is hardly anything in the description which does not agree with my Arizona specimens, except that the subhumeral stria does not extend quite to the base in my specimens. The two will have to be united if there are not other characters present to separate them, Hololepta (Zzoderma) beyeri new species. Male.—Form and size of cacti Lec., but slightly narrower, black, shin- ing. Mandibles elongate, feebly curved at apex, suddenly dilated inside at about basal third, above the dilatation, one obtuse tooth, surface finely punctulate. Head sparsely, rather coarsely punctate with some finer punctures intermixed; anteocular tooth indistinct; supra- orbital strie distinct. Thorax deeply emarginate at apex; sides feebly arcuate; lateral strie deeply impressed, but not broad, continued along basal margin for a short distance; at sides, slightly below apical third a deep transverse groove, above and below this a smaller one, which two are more or less connected with each other by the marginal stria; near apical and basal angles the surface is moderately coarsely punctate, disk smooth, with an impressed median line, which does not extend to apex. Elytra as broad as the thorax at base; subhumeral groove deeply impressed, not extending to base nor apex, coarsely, sparsely punctate; first dorsal stria short, basal, deeply impressed, below this a row of more or less distinct fine punctures; second stria deeply impressed, entire, around which are a few coarse punctures at apex. Propygidium rather coarsely punctate, punctures sparser at middle and finer and denser at apex; pygidium more densely punctate not margined. Labrum obtusely carinate on each side, and rather acutely emarginate at middle. Prosternum convex, strongly com- pressed and carinate in front of anterior coxe, acute at apex, broadly dilated and flat behind. Anterior and middle tibie quadridentate, YT 2 Fs ——— July, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 303 posterior tridentate, teeth of middle and hind tibie long and acute, except the basal tooth on middle tibiz, which is small. Length, from apical margin of thorax to apex of elytral suture, 85 mm. Habitat—Santa Rosa, Lower California. I take great pleasure in dedicating this interesting species to my friend, Mr. Gustav Beyer, to whom we are indebted for this and many other additions to our fauna. The lateral transverse grooves of thorax and the basally dilated mandibles distinguish this species from any of those known to occur within our fauna. The Mexican dorcoides has the thorax similarly grooved, but the mandibles have a blunt tooth at base and are serrulate inside, while in beyeri the mandibles are broadly dilated at base with one obtuse tooth above the dilatation, the apical part of the inner edge above the tooth is smooth, showing no sign of irregularity in any of the specimens examined. The presence of a supra-orbital stria, whitch is used by Dr. Horn in his synoptic table in separating yucateca and cacti from the rest of our species is in these fairly constant, but is variable in length in pervalida and short, basal in vernicis, but also visible at base in quadridentata and vicina, while in fossularis, lucida and populnea not the slightest trace can be found. The three last mentioned species have above each eye an almost semi-circular, fovea-like distinct impression, the form is more depressed and the prosternum broad and flat. They belong to Hololepta proper, while the rest of our species belong to the subgenus Lioderma. These latter have instead the fovea-like impression, a slightly depressed, coarsely punc- tured space above each eye, from which the supra-orbital strie start. Th labrum in quadridentata is said to be carinate, which is not quite correct. The greatest part of the labrum at middle is deeply depressed, especially in front, consequently the sides being more elevated, from a certain point of view, give the appearance of being carinate on each side. Table of the Species of Hololepta. First and second elytral striae continued along basal margin forming a basal stria, which generally extends to the scutellum. pervalida Blaisd. 304 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [| July, ’07 Elytra without transverse marginal striae at base ........ 2 1. Pygidium distinctly margined ; labrum lougitudinally carinate on each side ; lateral margin of thorax generally interrupted at middle, but grooved or foveate except near apical angles in the male. cacti Lec. Pygidium not margined ...... 3. 3. Thorax near side margin, slightly below acical third, deeply’ tram versely grooved, above and below this a smaller, but deeply impressed fovea, the one about middle, connected with the median groove by the marginal groove ; mandibles more or less suddenly dilated at about basal fourth and with a more or less distinct tooth above the dilatation ; labrum obtusely cari- nate on each side; prosternum strongly carinate in front, broadly dilated behind . 6 [Br ws + eis bacpee Thorax near side margin below apical third pe grooved, mandibles not dilated at basalfourth. . . . 4. 4. Head on each side above each eye with a fovea! like distieiee nite sion ; nosupra-orbital striae. . . . ey! ce Head on each side above the eyes feebly sherifenneds coarsely punctate and with a more or less distinct supra-orbital stria, which is in some species greatly abbreviated and visible at base only. 5. 5. Labrum longitudinally carinate on each side; outer carina of under- side of middle and hind tibiae denticulate ........ 8 Labrum not carinate, outer carina on underside of middle and hind tibiae not denticulate. .... ener pr Te 6. Median carina on underside of front ‘ihe sith or iw one, tooth like elevation at apical fourth . .. . ‘i Median carina of underside of front tibiae with severest tooth tike ele- vations at apical half ...... 9. 7. Thorax at apical margin, on each side nk the esiareinaneas with a short impressed transverse line ; sides of thorax near marginal groove not punctate ; lateral groove of thorax relatively broad; strongly widening towards apex and terminating here in a more or less distinct fovea-like impression in both sexes. yucateca Mars. Apical margin of thorax without short, impressed line on each side of emargination ; sides of thorax near lateral margin, moder- ately coarsely punctate from base to apex; lateral groove of thorax narrow, deeply impressed and of nearly equal width throughout, terminating in a very deep, rounded fovea in the male, ihe fovea absent in the female ; supra-orbital stria short, DeSales .. +. » Vernicis Casey 8. Mediun carina on underside of route tibiae feebly dentate near apical fourth ; supra-orbital stria short, basal; head without frontal stria ; elytra with inner stria entire, outer short, basal ; supra- orbital stria short, basal . . . . . . . . . quadridentata Fab. July, °07) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 305 9. Head in front with two arcuate impressions, which are sometimes connected ; thorax punctate at sides; elytra with inner stria entire, outer short, basal ; supra-orbital stria short, basal. vicina Lec. to. Elytra with outer stria entire, inner short basal ; prosternum feebly convex, broadly arcuate infront. ........ lucida Lec. Elytra without entire striae ; prosternum flat, broad and truncate at ts rec WR ae MINN cows gs PUL IE CDE ia anti et aren II. 11. The two striz on each elytron, short, basal, the inner without apical DUOUNNNON re! soe area sw We aig fossularis Say. The inner elytral stria with apical appendage, the outer short, basal. populnea Lec. Hololepta neglecta Blaisd., described in Zoe, Vol III, p. 338, is unknown to me and not included in the above table, as nothing tangible could be found in the poor description to differentiate this from the allied species. Omalodes grossus Mars. (¢exanus Mars , /ubricans Casey.) The principal difference between grossus and lubricans con- sists in the punctuation of the pygidium and propygidium, which are in grossus coarsely punctuate at sides only, while in lubricans the entire pygidium is coarsely punctuate, except in anterior third and the punctured space on each side of the propygidium connected at apex by some very fine punctures. The five specimens before me show all grades of variation in the punctuation of the two pygidia from grossus (Huachua Mountains, Arizona) to /ubricans (Sta. Rita and Huachuca Mountains, Arizona). Omalodes texanus Mars. Is principally separated from grossus by having the two punctured areas at sides of the two pygidia connected at apex and the hind tibie tridendate. The first character, as shown above, is not constant, and an examination of the ten hind tibiz of the five specimens before me reveals the in- teresting fact that the number of teeth is not alone variable, but that even in the same specimen one of the hind tibia 3 May be tridentate and the other quadridentate, also that the distance between the first and second and second and third tooth varies greatly on the two tibie of the same specimen Tn my opinion there is very little doubt that texanus also has 306 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’07 to be placed as synonym of grossus. The more elongate form mentioned by Marseul as another character distinguishing the species from grossus seems to me purely sexual, the figures given by him of the two species do not show such great differ- ence in form as one might expect from his description. I found this species in the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, in the decaying flower stalks of Agave americana. Notes on Papilio ajax. By R. R. Row ey, Louisiana, Mo. The chrysalids of Paptlio ajax, from larve fed in confine- ment in the summer of 1905, and kept over winter in a dry box in a closet opening into a warm room, began giving imagoes April I2th, and between that date and May 2d, seventy-nine butterflies emerged, three or four only of the origi- nal number of pupz dying in the pupal skins. But few of the of the imagoes were deformed, and these cases were largely due to pricking the wings before their unfolding. The great- est number of “flies’’ emerging at one time, twenty-two, was April 22d, but from lack of proper attention in removing the pupz about to “hatch” to different boxes, so that there would — be few of the imagoes together, not many of this number were worth keeping, being badly battered and torn, although the cages were in a dark closet. It is my custom in setting bred specimens to give the imago as long a lease on life as possible before putting it in the cyanide jar, else the wings may be too limp and the blood collect in blisters and spoil the specimen. After the wings of a butterfly are fully expanded it is four hours or more before the insect has strength enough to fly well, and it is best to allow your specimen so much time before you kill it. . In the case of moths, after emergence, it is well to keep the cage in the light (not direct sunlight) and, as they usually “hatch” in early morning, allow them all day to fully develop, transferring them to the cyanide jar late in the afternoon, not evening, as that is their time of flight. As stated in the article on ajax in the May, 1906, num- July, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. — 307 ber of Tue News, the larve that gave me over a hundred chrysalids were gathered from June Ist to October Ist, few of the number emerging from July to October. Why so few of the chrysalids gave butterflies during the summer and autumn is a little strange, but doubtless a wise provision of nature to prevent the extinction of the species. Another interesting observation on these ajax pupe is that every one of the seventy-nine spring imagoes are of the winter varieties, despite the fact that many of them should have given summer forms last year, and all of them escaped a freezing temperature last winter. | In a majority of the specimens of the winter forms of imago, the ground color is from a pale cream on the hind wing to a light blue-green on the front wing, with cross bands of dark brown or black and a double red spot at the anal angle, separa- ted from the two blue lunules by a cream-colored spot. Ina few specimens the double red spot gives place to two separate spots. In a number of the imagoes the usual pale blue-green ground color of the front wing is replaced by a very light or pale smoky yellow. A few specimens have the outer border of the forewing full or convex. In specimens of the so-called variety abbottii, a more or less distinct crimson streak occurs on the upper side of the hind — wing near the middle and just outside of the medial black band. In one specimen this red is a distinct spot with an outer black shade line. On the first day of May, 1906, I collected twenty-three eggs and three young larve of ajax. So back- ward had been the spring that few of the leaves had at all opened out, and so the eggs were found on the lower side, exactly the opposite of the finds last summer and autumn. As before, they were found largely on the low, young shrubs. On May 18th, I had the first two pupz of the summer brood, one green and one brown. Seventeen days from the emergence of the last winter imago I had the first pupe. After collecting the above eggs, a series of killing frosts left all exposed papaw bushes without leaves or blooms, and doubtless killed the young larve as well. 308 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’07 Of the twenty-three eggs and three small larve collected - May the Ist, sixteen were brought to pupation, the chrysalids being of the following colors and numbers: 5 green, eight light brown, 2 red and 1 yellow. The proportional number of green ones is much greater in the first (spring) brood than in the later ones. Throughout May and June other eggs and larve were collected, and the first marcellus imagoes from chrysalids were given June 7th. Each day thereafter to the 17th, gave a few butterflies. Stragglers continued to emerge through July, per- haps half a dozen in all. Then there seemed to be an end to the “hatching.” On September Ist another marcellus imago was found in the box. There were left over sixteen pupze from the May and June eggs and these are at this writing giving winter forms of imagoes. Preparing Lepidoptera for the cabinet in short order. H. H. Breume, Newark, N. J. It has been the custom of collectors of Lepidoptera up to the present time to spread their specimens and let them remain on the spreading boards all the way from two to six weeks. First of all, a collector needs a lot of spreading boards and plenty of space to store them, which is inconvenient to many if not all collectors of Lepidoptera. This is not all: many of the specimens get destroyed while on the boards, losing the bodies either by mice or by destructive insects. I also found, as other collectors undoubtedly do, that no matter how long a once papered specimen remains on the board after being relaxed, it will always spring back again in a short time; and to get it in proper shape it will have to be relaxed again, making double the work. I have been making experiments for three years in baking the specimens - on the board and find it a great success. I am now glad to let the Lepidopterists know all about July, ’07]) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 309 it, and they can undoubtedly save a good many specimens by following directions. Relax the specimens well and then place the same on the board with narrow strips of tracing cloth, When the board is filled lay a strip of paper over the specimens, then cover the paper with strips of glass about one-fourth of an inch in thickness. After this is all done place the specimens in a cooking-stove oven. If the stove is red hot, ten minutes will be sufficient, if the stove is not so hot it will require from twenty to thirty minutes. The best way to test is to touch the glass with the finger; if the glass is so hot that the finger cannot remain longer than a second the specimens are done, and can be put away to cool off. The specimens can be taken off the boards two hours after coming out of the oven. To make sure about papered speci- mens it is advisable to give them two bakings: bake them for ten minutes and let them cool for two hours and then put them in the oven again for another ten minutes. With freshly hatched specimens the heat should not be so great and the door of the oven left open. The specimens should be kept in about one hour in not too hot an oven. If too much heat is put on fresh specimens at once it will shrivel up the bodies. There is absolutely no danger of the specimens being destroyed. I had boards full of specimens in the oven so long that the spreading board burned and the glass was so hot that it cracked. After the board and glass had cooled off the latter was removed and the specimens were found in perfect condition. This will be a great help to collectors of Geometridz, as these species will always sag the wings when prepared in the usual way; but if the specimens are baked properly they will never Sag or spring back... This method will save both time and Spreading boards, as the specimen can be placed in the _ cabinet the same day on which it is spread, and will remove all danger of specimens being destroyed while on the boards, and no re-spreading will be required.* * This method is not new.—Ebs. 310 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’07 A new Geometrid Moth from California. By Gro. W. TAytor, WELLINGTON, B. C. In Dr. Hulst’s Classification of the Geometrina of North America he instituted the genus Emchoria describing at the same time as the type a Californian moth under the name Enchoria osculata, This is a very distinct, and I think, a rather rare species. I saw several not long ago in the cabinet of Mr. H. H. Lyman, of Montreal. They had been collected in Southern California by Morrison, and Mr. Lyman very kindly gave me one of them for my own cabinet. £. osculata might just as well be placed in Hydriomena, and I question whether the genus Enchoria is worth retaining. In Dr. Hulst’s latest list of Geometrids (in Dyar’s cata- logue) he associated a second species with Z. osculata, under the name Luchoria albifasciata Packard. ‘This (judging from the reference given) is intended to be the Hypsipetes albifasci- ata which Packard described in the Sixth Report of the Pea- body Academy of Sciences (1874), page 41, and which had previously been figured on Plate I, Vol. XVI of the Proceed- ings of the Boston Society of Natural. History. The description is repeated in the Monograph, page 97, and a figure of a typical specimen is given on Plate VIII, Fig. 34, but in this publication Packard treats the insect as a variety of Hydriomena sordidata. I have always been puzzled to know how Hulst came to asso- ciate together two such dissimilar insects, but recently I have found an explanation. Mr. Grossbeck has kindly sent me a photograph of the insect standing in Hulst’s collection as E. albifasciata, and it appears that it is not Packard’s species at all, but an undescribed species which I should prefer to place in the genus Jesoleuca. Before describing this moth let me point out that that Pack- ard’s species is so well described and figured that there can be no doubt as to the form he had before him. I have specimens from San Luis Obispo, California, and am inclined to give the moth specific rank, but in any case it is not a variety of sovdi- “Se eee ee a July, ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 311 data. It is very close to H. veflata Grote, and if the two are not distinct then it is veflata that must be dropped as a syno- nym of albdifasciata. The aldifasciata of the Hulst éollection I will describe as follows : Mesoleuca hulstata new species. =Enchoria albifasciata Hulst as of Packard, not Hydriomena albifasciata Packard. Palpi rather large and stout. Head and thorax gray with many brown and a few black scales. Thorax tufted slightly both anteriorly and pos- teriorly, the tufts in each case being apparently double. Abdomen of female very short, of the same color as the thorax, except the terminal segment which is wholly white; each brown segment is edged behind with a fine white line. Fore wings with the basal two-fifths brown, like the thorax, with darker lines. Atthe extreme base is a conspicuous dark spot on median vein ; basal line curved, followed by a dark band, limited outwardly by an acutely scalloped line ; next is a paler band followed by another dark one, which is bounded on both sides by still darker wavy lines. The outermost of these lines (which is the intra-discal line) is sometimes edged within with whitish. The discal space is pure white, narrowest at the costa, widening out opposite the discal spot (which is round, black and conspicuous) and narrowing again to the inner margin when the moth is at rest and the inner margin of the fore wing is laid parallel to the abdomen, the white terminal segment of the latter exactly corresponds with the white median space of the wing. The extra discal band is brown, darker towards the costa and limited outwardly by a dis- tinct wavy line which runs inwardly towards the discal spot, between veins 5 and 6, making a conspicuous sinus as in Mesoleuca hersiliata. The extra discal band is followed by a more or less distinct white line sometimes wide enough to be styled a band; from this, between veins 3 and 4, a whitish patch extends to the outer margin of the wing. Sub- marginal space dark brown, divided by an interrupted white scalloped submarginal line. The scallops between veins 4 and 5, 5 and 6, and 6 and 7 are marked on both sides of the line by dark brown spots. There are similar spots between veins 1 and 2 and 2 and 3. Marginal line brown, broken into dots. Fringe pale, basally with darker median line and spots opposite the ends of the veins. Hind wings almost clear, though in my freshest specimen there is a brown clouding at the apical angle and slight indications of 2 dusky submarginal lines. Marginal line and fringe as on fore wings. Underside lightly scaled with very faint re- flections of the markings of the upper side, the indented extra-discal line and the discal spots on all wings being most evident. Expanse 25-30 mm. Described from 7 females received from Claremont, Califor- nia, through the kindness of Prof. C. F. Baker. ‘There is one 312 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’o7 male from the same locality which differs in being much darker and in having the central white band reduced to a white blotch surrounding the discal spot, with 2 or 3 white ringlets below. I am not sure, however, that this insect is the proper partner of the females described above. In general appearance this species resembles a pale specimen of AHydriomena basaliata Walker (western form), but the conspicuous white median band is distinctive. List of 110 species and varieties of Butterflies taken by the Members of the St. Louis Entomological Club, in the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri. By HENRY MCELHOSE AND HERMANN SCHWARZ. Danais plexippus, Linn. Abundant. Agraulis vaniliae, Linn. Rare. Euptoieta claudia, Cram. Common Sept. and Oct. Argynnis diana, Cram. 1 male at Pevely, 27 miles south of St. Louis. - itdalia, Dru. Rare. ee cybele, Fabr. Common. Phyciodes nycteis, Db.-Hew. Common. cf ismeria, Db.-Lec. Rare. tharos, Dru. Common. ae ‘var. morpheus Edw. Common. aid «var. packardii Scud. Rare. var. marcia Edw. Rare. Melitaea phaeton. Rare. Grapta interrogationis Fabr. Common. rs * var. fubricti Edw. Scarce. sy : var. umbrosa Lint, Common. ‘© comma Harris. Common. $s ul var. harrisii Edw. Common. i x var. dryas Edw. Scarce. ‘“« progne Cram. Scarce. ‘¢ j-album Bd.-Lec. Very rare. Vanessa antiopa Linn. Common. ‘“ milberti Godt. Very rare. Pyrameis atalanta Linn, Common. re huntera Fabr. Common. sy cardui Linn. Common. Junonia coenia Hub. Common. Limenitis ursula Fabr. Common. ‘s archippus Cram. Common. July,’07] = = + ~—«ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 313 ‘Apatura celtis Bd.-Lec. Common. ~*~ clyton Bd.-Lec. Moderate. OE “flora Edw. Very rare. _ Anaea andria Scud. Common. Debis portlandia Fabr. Common. Neonympha eurytris Fabr. Very common. Satyrus alope Fabr. Very rare. Libythea bachmani Kirtl. Scarce. Thecla m-album Bd.-Lec. Scarce. “ melinus Hbn. Scarce. Thecla calanus Hbn. Common. 3 ** var. dorata G. and R. Rare. “* liparops Bd.-Lec. Rare. damon var. discoidalis Skinner. (1 specimen Meramec High- . lands, April). ‘* cecrops Fabr. Common. “ irus Godt. Common. ‘* titus Fabr. Scarce. Feniseca tarquinius Fabr. Moderate. Chrysophanus thoe Bdv. Scarce. * hypophlaeas Bdv. Common. ‘jee pseudargiolus Bd.-Lec. Common. OvrrosiTion oF CurysopA Species.—On August 8, 1902, at Cumber- land, Md., a female Chrysopa was observed to alight on a grass stem in a large meadow, and after a few minutes fly from there to a clover leaf. From its peculiar actions, oviposition was suspected; the insect was careful in choosing a position, and the tip of the abdomen was moved up and down. After tentative examination of the under surface of the leaf with jaws and tip of abdomen, it came to the upper surface and finally took position on the discal portion of the leaf near the midrib; the body was in its normal position. The abdomen then began to move up and down, and the penultimate segments became swollen, giving a knotted appearance to the whole. After a few seconds, the tip of the abdomen was placed flat against the leaf and this was daubed several times with a vistous secretion forming a mat, the base and support of the egg-petiole. Resting on this mat of secreted matter, the tip of the abdomen was then slowly raised, while at the same time the secretion continued and quickly hardened on exposure to the air, becoming visible to the eye. In this way the petiole was formed. Continuing the slow, regular, upward move- ment of the abdomen, there suddenly came into view a large whitish object, which proved to be the egg. After this was out of the insect, the upward movement of the abdomen stopped, and the egg was held in position until the secretion had hardened. The egg was deposited after the stem or petiole had reached a height of a quarter of an inch.— A. A. GIRAULT. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [The Conductors of ENToMoLoGICAL News solicit and will thankfully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author’s name will be given in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] To Contributors.—All contributions will be considered and passed upon at out earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep- tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL News has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer- ence, as to make it necessary to put “‘ copy ” into the hands of the printer, for each num- ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five “extras,” without change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ep. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., JULY, 1907. The Seventh International Zoological Congress will be held in Boston, Mass., from August roth to 23rd, and will be an event of very considerable moment to those interested in the subject. There will be an Entomological Section and in addi- tion the Entomological Society of America will meet, and the program will be an attractive one. The new entomological society has done wonderful things during its short life, and the membership is large and growing. The Entomological Club of the American Association for the Advancement of Science was a very weak affair and lacked continuity. The ephemeral character of the offices and officers made it impossible to maintain any proper records. The new society will add strength to the American Association and also bind together the entomologists of America. A great work can be done by the Entomological Society of America if it will encourage and try to build up new entomological societies in the south and west, They in their turn can offer inducements to people to join and take an interest in entomology. _ . We predict a long life and a most useful career for the new society. The time is not far distant when it will be considered _ 4n honor to be a member, and it will be a laudable ambition for entomologists to try and become worthy of fellowships. 317 318 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '¢7 Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE. THE News will not be published for August or September. The next number will appear October 1st (No. 8). While collecting in Sapello Canyon, New Mexico, some years ago, I made a few notes on the early stages of Argynnis nitocris nigro- caerulea Ckll., which may be of some interest until someone works out the complete life history. Eggs were laid August 24th, and were examined September 4th. Probably yellow when laid, pinkish in color, conoidal, flattened at the base and run to a blunt point at the micropyle; well-marked longitudinal ribs, with many transverse ridges between; each ridge is joined at the apex with its fellow. There is a small central opening or depression at the apex. Eggs hatched September 7th. First stage of larva—Head black; body very pale greenish-yellow; eleven rows of green warts, lateral ones bear long sete. Second stage— Appearance totally changed; numerous black, shining spines, tipped with coarse black hairs; body yellowish-brown, with numerous single hairs or sete. The larve probably died as the rough notes end here. They were not intended for publication when written—HENry SKINNER. PueENcopes Illiger— A note on luminous females and larve.—For a number of years I have taken, in numbers fairly common at electric lights, during June and July, in McPherson, Kansas, males of Phengo- des, which prove to be Phengodes fusciceps. Lec. The summer of 1905, I heard of two specimens of “glow worms,” but failed to secure them. In May and June, 1906, I was so fortunate as to secure two specimens of these “glow worms,” and the last of July, a third specimen, and heard of as many more during these months. They were found on the lawns of residences on warm evenings. The first two specimens were of a cream color and opalescent in certain lights. The July specimen (which was probably a larva, and not an adult female) was cream colored on ventral surface and sides, but the dorsal part of each segment was dark brown, shading to black. Of the June specimens, one was larger than the other, the larger being about twenty-eight millimeters when extended and moving, and the smaller about twenty-three millimeters in length. The last of July specimen was of the same length as the smaller one of the June specimens, but was more slender than either of the others. They were kept in a tin box with a glass cover. When taken out doors the latter part of June and the first half of July in the twilight of warm evenings the males of Phengodes fusciceps would appear in numbers. One was observed beating against the wire screen of a door endeavoring to enter the room where the “glow worms” were kept. July,’07] += =+~—«~ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws. 319 On opening the screen, it flew in, entered the open box and at once copulated with the larger female. It was confined with the females, but only survived two days. Unfortunately, I was not acquainted with the food of the larviform females, so that during the entire life in confinement, some seven or eight weeks, no eggs were obtained. Of the two females, one was kept from May 2oth to July 15th, and the other (to which the male came) from June Ist to July 28th. Had I provided their proper food—myriapods—I believe eggs and larve would have been secured. During the day they remained coiled and inactive; became active at night, and intensely luminous; every segment, spiracle and line, appar- ently, showing a bead of greenish-yellow phosphorescent light. This luminosity was present in the three specimens in the same degree, but the larger specimen,- for a period of five nights, showed not a ray of light. At the end of this period, it again became luminous. This would indicate that the insects controlled the luminosity. The three specimens are now in the hands of Mr. Herbert S. Barber, of the Smithsonian Institution, who, with Mr. E. A. Schwarz, of the same institution, is engaged in the preparation of a revision of the Phengodine.—W. Knaus, McPherson, Kansas. 42> Doings of Societies. At the meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social held on April 14th, 1907, at the residence of H. W. Wenzel, 1523 So. Thirteenth Street, Philadelphia, there were ten members pres- ent, President Daecke in the chair. The following gentlemen were elected to membership: H. A. Wenzel, H. A. Kaeber, George M. Green and H. L. Viereck, all of the city of Phila- delphia. . Professor Smith said he had received from Mr. F. Weigand, of Philadelphia, an inflated larva and three imagos (two male and one female) of a Cucullia new to science, bred by Mr. Weigand. These moths emerged in spring, which is unusual in this genus, the habit of the other species being to emerge in fall. _ Mr. Laurent gavé a brief account of his trip to Southern Central Florida from January 12th to March 30th, of the present year. He said that no Lepidoptera appeared until March ist; in all about 400 specimens were collected. Cole- optera were very scarce, and Mr. Laurent suggested that the Scarcity of insects was due to the dry season. 320 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’o7 Mr. H. W. Wenzel made some remarks on the collection of his son and Dr. Castle, made at Tybee Island, and showed a number of new and interesting species, Mr. Harbeck reported the capture of Leptogaster virgatus Cog. at Trenton, N. J., on July 7th, as new to the New Jersey list. Mr. Wenzel showed specimens of Pityophagus cephalotes Lec. taken at Iona, N. J. April 30th. This species was de- scribed from a unique specimen from Pennsylvania, and is not represented in the collection at Washington, nor in the Horn collection. Mr. Wenzel also exhibited some small tubes open at both ends, and charged in the centre with cyanide of potassium, for collecting minute insects. FRANK HarmBacu, Secretary. H. D. MERRICK. It was with great sorrow and regret that we learned of the death of Mr. Merrick. He had been a student of the Lepi- doptera for a number of years, and he and his father, Mr. F. A. Merrick, have a host of friends and correspondents who will greatly feel his loss. Harry Duncan Merrick, only son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank A. Merrick, of New Brighton, Pa., died June 5th, at 4 o'clock, at his home in Cleveland, O., of acute pneumonia, after but a few days’ illness. The news of his death came as a great shock to his many friends in New Brighton and the Beaver Valley. Mr. Merrick had not been in good health for several years but had been able to attend to his business interests. He contracted pneumonia, but was not thought to be in a serious condition. His parents received a message that he was criti- cally ill. They at once went to Cleveland and were with him when the end came. Harry was born and raised in New Brighton and had many friends throughout the Beaver Valley who will mourn his death. He had been engaged in business in Cleveland for the past few years. He was 38 years of age and is survived by his wife, his parents, and one sister, Mrs. F. H. Darragh. EnT. News, VoL. XVIII. 3 ae THE ORIENTAL MOTH (FERNALD). Ent. News, Vov. XVIII. PEA THE ORIENTAL MOTH (FERNALD). fe ad eee ede ey ye | 4 Tbs a 5 tr een ce hy eel i a ; “ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS "PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. Vou. XVIII. OCTOBER, 1907. No. 8. CONTENTS: Fernald and Summers—The early sta-_ - Grossbeck—Notes on Eupithecia, with ges of the Oriental Moth........... 321 descriptions of new species........ 342 Skinner—Thecla (Incisalia) polios..... 327. Rehn—Three new species of Acrididae Viehmeyer—Preliminary Remarks on (Orthoptera) from California....... 350 the Myrmecophily of the Caterpil- Pierce—Contributions to the Knowl- lars of the Family Lycaenidae...... 328 edge of Rhynchophora...........-. 356 Skinner—Cook : in defense of Incisalia Hditoriahe. a5 cbawsctiss. -ca@eucmcundes a6 364 MIE ips Avs dctaticnadi ons sonass'¢ 449 | Notes and N@Wa vccec.<: icetagasade suns 365 Caudell—An Insect Ventriloquist BB Aa 335 | Doings of Societies ..............--.+. 368 Britton—Some New or Little Known ; Aleyrodidae from Connecticut—III 337 | The Early Stages of the Oriental Moth. By H. T. Fernatp anv J. N. Summers, Amherst, Mass. (Plates X, XI.) The early stages of the Oriental Moth, Cnidocampa flaves- cens (Walk.), have never been described and several attempts to obtain fertile eggs from the moths in captivity have failed. This has been supposed to be because the small space pro- vided by a breeding cage either prevented mating, or because the confinement in some way affected the moths. To avoid such difficulties a large number of the cocoons of this insect obtained at Dorchester last spring were placed in a green- house in which several Norway Maples were growing, all openings having been screened with cheese cloth. The moths began to emerge June 22nd, probably rather earlier than would usually be the case in the field and cer- tainly two weeks earlier than in Dorchester this year, the season being very late, and the first eggs were observed June 26th. The moths by this time had become very abundant in the house and eggs by the hundred were obtainable by the first of July. 321 322 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’07 During the day time the moths remain quiet, assuming a most grotesque position. Grasping some object, preferably the edge or petiole of a leaf, with their middle or hind feet — they let themselves hang downward till the outer margins of the closed wings come against some object in which position they remain: At night they remain quiet till well after dark- ness before flying, not being crepuscular, Their flight is quite speedy and produced by very rapid movements of the wings and they are somewhat attracted by light. Their average life seems to be about a week or ten days. The Egg.—The eggs are deposited on the underside of the leaf, mainly near the margin and preferably toward the apex. They are oval in out- line, though sometimes a little irregular, lenticular, one of the surfaces being in contact with the leaf. They are about 1% to 2 mm. in length by % to 1 mm. in width, transparent, though sometimes showing a faint milky white color. Examination under the microscope shows that the chorion is finely sculptured, irregular polygonal areas being Fig. 1.—Portion of cho- present, the longest diameters of the polygons oeaue camera being more or less at right angles to the long axis of the egg. Scattered over the surface are tiny elevations or papillae averaging about four to each polygon, though many lie on the lines between the polygons. No micropyle was ob- — served. In the later stages the embryo becomes plainly evident and finally escapes through an opening in the side. of the chorion after an em- bryonic life of six or seven days. : First Larval Instar—The newly-hatched larva measures about I mm. at rest and in motion elongates about 1/5 mm., the head being re- tracted into the second (prothoracic) segment when the larva is quiet. The head and second segment are much narrower than the rest of the body. The body increases in lateral diameter to the middle of the fifth segment, then tapers gradually to the end, which is rounded. Its vertical diameter is also greatest at the fifth segment. Annulations are very indistinct. The color is white and semi-transparent, except for a pale straw tinge, which is seemingly internal in location. A row of sub- | dorsal horns and a row of lateral horns is present on each side, the sub- dorsal horns being located, one on each segment from the third to the thirteenth inclusive, while the lateral horns are on the third, fourth and sixth to twelfth ségments inclusive. The first three sub-dorsal horns are in length nearly half the diameter of the body, and their _ Oct.,"07] ss ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 323 basal diameter about one-third their length. The fourth is rather smaller while the next four are still smaller and shorter. The last three, af however, are much larger and increase in size, the last one being fully _as large as the first one of the row. Each horn bears two or three black spines on its tip, the larger ones bearing three, and the smaller ones two, usually each spine being nearly as long as the horn on which it is borne. The horns are white with transparent areas. The first two lateral horns are about equal to the sub-dorsal horns of the same seg- ments, in size and appearance, but the next six are rather smaller. The last lateral, however, is large and like the sub-dorsal of that segment. The larger of these horns bear three black terminal spines, while the smaller ones seem in some cases to bear but two, though the exact number could not always be determined. The color of the lateral horns is like that of the sub-dorsal ones. An evident depression along the — mid-dorsal line is present. Color beneath like that above. Legs not distinguishable. Duration of instar, about three days. Blackish streaks appear in the horns at the base of the spines toward the end of the instar—possibly the spines of the following instar. Second Larval Instar—Length 1 4/5 to 2 mm. at rest; about 2 2/5 mm. when in motion. Annulations of the body more pronounced. Gen- eral color yellowish white, but there is a dark spot on each side of the head, the mouth parts are dark and the clypeal region is brownish. Mandibles brown on edges, four-toothed. Maxillae showing two teeth or lobes. Viewed from beneath a cresentic lobe lies just above the mouth, bearing a number of hairs. Antennae of three segments and a terminal bristle. The first three sub-dorsal horns are very large and stout, and bear many spines with black tips. The fourth is very small and bears two small spines. The fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth are larger, about equal in size, and each bears five or six spines. The ninth and tenth are much larger, equaling the second and third. and with many spines on the outer fourth. The eleventh is like the first, these two being the largest and having scat- tered spines to their bases. The first lateral horn is of medium size, rather blunt, but little longer than its basal diameter and bearing sev- eral terminal spines and a ring (?) of them a little lower. Second lateral very large—as large as the first sub-dorsal—about twice as long as its basal dimeter, and with numerous spines on its tip and sides. The third to eighth lateral horns, inclusive, are about the size of the first, short, stout, with a long spine or two at the tip and a few shorter Ones on the sides near the tip. The ninth lateral is about like the elev- a -enth sub-dorsal, but perhaps more slender. The lateral horns of the ____ middle of the body are larger and stouter than the sub-dorsal horns of that region. Skin glistening, and with minute punctures. Heart beat- ing plainly seen, and also dark-colored food in the alimentary canal. Legs very small, but actively used; of the usual structure. 324 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’07 Anal region noticeably punctured and with a few very small hairs between the anus and the lower margin of the eleventh sub-dorsal horns. A few scattered simple spines are present on the sides below the lateral horns. Duration of instar, four to five days. Third Larval Instar.—Length, at rest, 3% to 4 mm.; in motion, about % mm. greater. Head and body much as in the previous instar. Color deeper yellow: First sub-dorsal horn about 4/5 mm. long, nearly twice as long as the second and third. Fourth to eighth inclusive very short; ninth and tenth longer; eleventh nearly as long as the first. First lateral, short; second, about like the first sub-dorsal, third to seventh inclusive, very short; eighth longer; ninth nearly as long as the last sub-dorsal. The spines near the bases of the horns are shorter than those nearer the tips. Duration of instar 4%4 to 5% days. Fourth Larval Instar—Length at rest about 6 mm.; in motion, about 7% mm. Annulations of the body are now well pronounced. Sides of head darker than hitherto, with a median lighter area. General color greenish yellow. Along the mid-dorsal line is a white band extending from the sixth to tenth segments inclusive, external to which is a green stripe reaching from the fourth to the tenth segments. Between the bases of the sub-dorsal horns is an opaque yellow band, and between these and the lateral horns is a white longitudinal stripe. The horns themselves appear to differ little from their condition in the preceding instar. Duration of instar, 5 to 6 days. : Fifth Larval Instar—Length at rest, about 9 mm.; in motion, about 10% mm. As in all the preceding instars the color is at first nearly uniform, with only faint traces of the markings which later become more prominent, the spines becoming much darker. General color of the larva when it has become pronounced, pale yellow. The stripes become like those of the last stage, except that the green band is hardly per- ceptible and the yellow between the sub-dorsal horns is darker. In this instar the fourth sub-dorsal horn is much reduced; the fifth, sixth and seventh are small, but increase in size posteriorly; the eighth is smaller than the seventh, the ninth is three-quarters the size of the first, the tenth much shorter, and the eleventh equal to the first. The first, second, third and ninth grow darker toward their tips. Relative length of the lateral horns as before. Spines somewhat darker after the color has fully developed, than’ in the previous instar, each now showing two parts plainly; a longer, stout part, and a slender outer end which easily breaks off and causes an irritation worse than that from Automeris io, if it touches the skin. These tips vary in length, some being quite long, others short. Duration of instar, 5 to 6 days. Sixth Larval Instar—Length at rest, about 12% mm.; in motion, about 1334 mm. General color, pale yellow, but with its colored areas much more pronounced than heretofore. Head quite strongly bilobed, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 325 black, mottled with lighter. Antennae darker than before. Second seg- ment with its surface granulated. Cervical shield dark brown, mottled with lighter. A large, dull red area covers the dorsal surface of the third segment behind its spines and the fourth and fifth segments, and extends backward as a wedge-shaped elongation on the mid-dorsal line on to the seventh segment. At the sides this area does not quite reach the lateral horns, and a band between and around the second sub-dorsal horns is yellow, as is also a pair of spots between the third sub-dorsal horns. At the side of the area a triangular blue spot is wedged into the area on a line between the second sub-dorsal and second lateral horns like a similar spot lateral to the third sub-dorsal horn, while a third blue spot, rather oval in outline, rests against the margin of the red area as it begins to narrow posteriorly, just lateral to and in front of the almost obsolete fourth sub-dorsal horn. In the seventh segment the end of the red area encloses a blue stripe, lighter in the middle, extending into the tenth segment, where it is enclosed by one corner of a rather triangular dull red area which covers - a part of the dorsum of that segment and all of the dorsum of the eleventh nearly as far back as the bases of the ninth sub-dorsal horns, and between which the area is slightly extended backward. Lateral to the tenth sub-dorsal horns which arise from yellow areas, the dull red extends backward somewhat, its outer margin in contact with three dull blue spots. From the hinder end of the lateral extensions a faint reddish band crosses the dorsum, completing the enclosure of the two yellow areas from which the ninth sub-dorsal horns arise. These two areas are separated from each other by a median blue spot on the anterior portion of the eleventh segment, from which a blue line passses backward crossed by the faint reddish band, and, in the area between the ninth and tenth sub-dorsals, forms a large spot tinged slightly with reddish. Extending from the blue spot in front of the fourth sub- dorsal horn to that on the tenth segment is a narrow, creamy white band margined on each side by an incomplete green line. A narrow yellowish band extends from the second lateral horn nearly to the pos- terior end of the body below the spiracles. Annulations of the body well marked. Duration of instar, 5 or 6 days. Seventh Larval Instar—Length at rest, about 20 mm.; in motion, about 22%4 mm.; greatest diameter, about 11 mm. Head less bilobed than in the preceding instar. The red areas are darker and their out- ines have changed somewhat, the anterior one beginning just behind the first sub-dorsal horns and covering the entire dorsum from one row of lateral horns to the other on the third, fourth and fifth segments, except as noted below; narrowing on the sixth to lie between the sub- dorsal horns of that segment, and narowing to a dorsal band on the seventh and eighth segments. On the hinder part of the ninth segment this band becomes somewhat broader, and.on the tenth and eleventh 326 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct.; ’07 segments it becomes quite broad, constricting, however, to a narrow - band again, between the sub-dorsal horns of the eleventh segment, but then enlarging to form an oval spot. Just behind the sub-dorsal horns of the tenth segment a small lateral extension from this dorsal area con- nects it with an irregular patch of the same color which lies on the tenth, eleventh and twelfth segments between the sub-dorsal and lateral rows of horns. The median area and the lateral patches are so placed with reference to the sub-dorsal horns of the eleventh segment as to leave these arising from the centre of peninsulas of yellow, the isthmus being on the twelfth segment. The dorsal band is interrupted on the eighth and ninth segments by a blue spot on each segment, and there is a blue spot below the dorsal horn on the margin of the red area on seg- ments four, five, six, ten and eleven, and a faint one on the-twelfth segment. Anal shield greenish brown, crossed by two light bands. A similar patch occurs just below and lateral to it on each side, crossed by one band. The two fine green lines between the sub-dorsal and lateral rows of horns, described in the last instar, are present, but the creamy stripe they limit is absent. There is a narrow yellow band between the two second sub-dorsal horns, which encloses their bases and extends a little lateral to them. At the base of each third sub-dorsal horn toward the mid-dorsal line is a yellow spot. In general the yellow color is deeper close to the margins of the red areas. Fourth sub-dorsal horn very minute and bearing only one spine. The body, as a whole, is noticeably four- sided. Duration of instar, 5 or 6 days. Pupation.—The larva changes color somewhat as pupation approached: the blue and red becoming duller, and the yellow assuming a reddish tinge. After finding a place at which to pupate the larva bites off any loose bark which may be present, smoothing the surface, then spins a loose network of threads around itself and attached to the bark, within which it forms the cocoon. The threads of the cocoon are attached to the bark and are woven back and forth, the larva moving its head along the lines of a figure 8 from one side to the other. As the threads come closer, the larva seems to secrete a fluid from its mouth which causes the threads just being spun to adhere to those already in place and continuation of the spin- ning finally produces a solid covering. During this time the larva contracts as much as possible, drawing its head back into the second segment and is able to move about quite freely within the cocoon. The cocoon is very light- colored. at first, but gradually darkens, hardening at the same time, and assumes the peculiar markings charac- teristic of this species. As far as outside appearances go, it is completed in two or three hours, and at this time the outer network is often no- IS a Oct., ’07] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 327 ticeable over the cocoon, somewhat like the network of ropes outside of a balloon. This network soon disappears, however, probably weather- ing off. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. From Photographs by the Senior Author, all but the First Two Much Enlarged. Fig. 1.—Oriental moth at rest on petiole of maple leaf. Fig. 2—Same at rest on tomato leaf. Fig. 3.—First instar seen from above. Microphotograph. Spines retouched. Fig. 4.—Second instar from above. Microphotograph. Fig. 5.—Same in side view. Microphotograph. Fig. 6.—Third instar from above. Microphotograph. Fig. 7—Same from side. Fig. 8 —Fourth instar, side view. Fig. 9.—Same, dorsal view. Fig. 10.—Fifth instar, side view. Fig. 11.—Sixth instar, side view. Fig. 12.—Same, dorsal view. Fig. 13.—Seventh instar, side view. Fig. 14.—Same, dorsal view. Thecla (Incisalia) polios. By Henry SKINNER. This species was described by Cook and Watson in the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXXIX, Page 202, 1907. I have known the butterfly for about twelve years and I possess thirty-five specimens from various localities. I do not con- sider it specifically distinct from Thecla mossi Hy. Edws. I have examined the type of mossi and through the kindness of Mr. William Beutenmuller possess a fine colored figure of it. I also have homotypes. The species has a wide distribu- tion and is quite variable. In mossi there is a white edge to the mesial band on the underside of secondaries, and in some specimens this becomes a hoary band or fascia about 2 mm. wide. The species extends across the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific. I have specimens from New Jer- “sey, New Hampshire, Nova Scotia, and Colorado. I have seen specimens in the collection of Mr. T. N. Willing, taken at Olds, Alberta, Canada, and the type ( ¢ ) come from Esqui- malt, Vancouver Island. The species is figured on pl. 38, fig. 331, in Wright’s Butterflies of the West Coast. 328 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’o7 Preliminary Remarks on the Myrmecophily of the Caterpillars of the Family Lycaenidae. By H. VIEHMEYER, Dresden, Germany. It isa more or less well-known fact that certain caterpillars of the Lycaenidae have a transverse slit, or aperture on the ante- penultimate segment, through which they discharge a juice which is a much coveted and favorite food for ants. In conse- quence of this the caterpillars are much sought after by the ants on their food-plants and, like the plant-lice (Aphidae), are stroked with the antennae and so incited to discharge the juice. The ants, on their part, are said to afford the caterpillars a certain amount of shelter from many enemies, by giving the full-. grown caterpillars the opportunity of pupating (7. e. changing into a chrysalis) in their nests. Beyond this slit or aperture on the 11th, these caterpillars have further on the 12th segment two peculiar small tubes or tentacles, which can be stretched out and drawn in, and which bear at the tips fine spicules, or a bristle-like crown. There is nothing known for certain about the use of these; they are supposed to be organs of defense, or means of attraction, perhaps means of defense against too importunate ants. Thomann considers both aper- ture and tentacles as adaptations to the ants’ visits. For the slit or aperture no other evidence is necessary. Whether the extensile organs may be considered as adaptations depends upon whether they only occur in connection with the aperture. According to some literary assertions this does not appear to be the case. We cannot yet say with any certainty how far these assertions are important. The two organs in question are small enough to be partly or wholly overlooked by many observers. The caterpillars I have observed always show both or neither tokens; only with some caterpillars of the genus Thecla I was unable to come to a certain decision. The blown- out caterpillars appeared to have an aperture but no tentacles. However, we must wait for the examination of living cater- pillars, or of those preserved in spirit. The views of Brant - and others on the specification of individual caterpillar groups of this family by slit and tentacles are certainly erroneous. Oct; o7] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 329 -A survey of the literature shows that these marks occur in the most diverse groups of the Lycaenidae, most frequently in the Lycaena group, but it cannot be said generally that the caterpillars of the Lycaenidae or only the genus Lycaena are all myrmecophilous, for even in this genus we find, together with a great number of caterpillars undoubtedly equipped with myrmecophilous adaptation organs, others in which these tokens are wanting. In the literature many opinions are to be found on the matter; in how far they are trustworthy must be left undecided. Confining myself to my own observations, I can cite a caterpillar of the genus Lycaena, namely, Lyc. optilete Knoch. I made this discovery in the examination of the caterpillar collection of the late Dr. O. Staudinger.* In 13 species of caterpillars of the genus Lycaena 1 could infallibly identify the presence of aperture and tentacles. They can be comparatively easily and well recognized with a weak glass on mature and well blown-out specimens. The slit with its both edges is generally walled or blown up like a cone, and the tentacles are often stretched out, even the bristly crown sometimes is spread out. If the caterpillars are, indeed, not fully blown-out, one must observe them very closely. The tentacles, which are not stretched out, then generally appear like round light spots, appearing behind the last spiracles. The matter is, however, very questionable if the last abdominal segments, as can easily occur, are crushed or withered up. ~ In specimens in alcohol both tokens can also be easily recognized. Lycaena optilete was, as has been said, the only species in which these tokens failed. It was very difficult for me not to believe in some error or confusion; yet the type of cater- pillar, the great number of specimens (15, and all especially well blown-out), the name of the collector, the conscientious- ness of the former possessor of the collection, all must finally convince me of a fact which, when rightly considered is not to be wondered at. The plant-lice offer in this respect similar relations. From this—that aperture and tentacles never belong *Chr. A. Bang-Haas, Blasewitz, Dresden, proprietor of the firm, Dr. O. Staudinger and A. Bang-Haas, was kind enough to allow me to examine this collection, and also to use the copious library, for which I here offer him my warmest thanks. 330 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’07 in general to one genus—then must follow, firstly, that all . sorts of caterpillars of the Lycaenid family must be examined, and then that not only the positive condition—the verifying of such organs, but also the negative (non-existence) is very important. The great wealth of species of the family Lycaenidae and the very secluded habits of the caterpillars set very narrow limits to the first examination. In the collection of Dr. Staudinger I have been able to examine 45 Lycaenid caterpillars all belonging to the palaearctic fauna, and I must consider, according to present experience, that I have before me one of the greatest, if not the greatest, caterpillar collec- tion. The much smaller ene, which Mr. F. Griebel Speier,* was good enough to send for my inspection, contained also 6 further specimens of the tokenless species. Together, with all the species mentioned in the literature, we know about 85 specimens, a very small number compared with the great wealth of species in the family. We can gather from this how valuable every increase in knowledge is, even though of only one species. Especially with regard to the non-European species; we are entirely dependent on the literature for infor- mation ; and just in this, it would be most important to receive material for comparison. We can undoubtedly consider as myrmecophilous the follow- ing species : f Thecla tengstroemi Zrsch. / Lycaena corydon Poda., / Rapala schistacea Moore. cyllarus Roét. / Lycaena admetus Fs. / damon Schiff. / amanda Schu. / escheri 7d. / ‘arcas Roth, / eumedon £sf. / argyrognomon Sergstr. / hylas Zsp. var. aegidion Meissn. icarus Rott, / argus Z. (aegon Schiff. ) jolas O. / arion Z. melanops &. / astrarche Bergstr. melissa Edw. caton Bergstr. / minimum /wvess/. / cellargus Rod. / orion Padi. / * : Whom I here thank heartily for his great kindness. + In the species marked / I have been able to partly verify, rietthy. re-examine the pres- ’ ence of the aperture or slit and tentacles. The sequence of enera I owe to the kindness of x Courvoisier, Basel. It is founded on his studies of the veins of the wings of this family, A" Oct., 707] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ~ 331 Lycaena scudderi Edw. | Azanus ubaldus Cram. sebrus 2. / Tarucus theophrastus F- Zizera lysimon /iiidbn. Lampides aelianus F. Cyaniris argiolus Z. / telicanus Lang. pseudargiolus Bd. & Lec. Everes comyntas God. Chilades lajus Cram. Aphnaeus vulcanus Faér. arochilus /r. Zalmenus evagoras Don. Lycaenesthes emolus God?. ictinus Hewizts. Catochrysops cnejus Fadr. Ogyris genoveva Hewits. pandava Hors/s. Gerydus symethus Cram. Polyommatus baeticus Z. / Besides there still exists a small number of caterpillars where the question must remain for the present undecided, because either the possession of the organs in question has not been definitely verified, or opinions in the literature are contra- dictory. Of the greater part of the caterpillars mentioned here, nothing more, indeed, is known than that they live with the ants in Symbiosis. Which species of ant comes into ques- tion is, in the large majority of cases unknown. De Nicéville only can we thank for extensive information on the subject. Every butterfly collector who collects the Lycaenid caterpil- lars, should therefore not neglect to observe the ants that visit them, to observe the manner of their intercourse with the cat- erpillars, to preserve a number of ants in spirit, and to publish the well-determined names of both ants and caterpillars. It is by no means sufficient to say : ‘‘ visited by a little yellow ant,”’ or ‘‘in company with the common black ant.’’ Generally it is not necessary to seek far for the ants, for the nest is often to be found under the feeding plant. Also the digging out of such nests often offers a proof of the living together of cater- pillars and ants. In a whole series of Argus-caterpillars pupa- tion seems to take place in the nest of their visitors. Perhaps also many species hibernate in the same place. Observations on this point have not yet been published. The question of in how far the shelter ascribed to the ants really exists would be greatly explained by such observations. An especial atten- tion should be devoted to the behavior of the ants towards those butterflies which come out in their nests. No observa- tions exist on the behavior of the species of ants to those cater- pillats which they do not normally visit ; thus the so-called 332 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’07 ”? ‘‘international relations’’ of the Lycaenid caterpillars should - be studied in order to verify beyond doubt if the friendship be- tween the ants and the caterpillars is limited to certain kinds only, or whether, as in the plant- and shield-lice it has a more international character. So far any hint or information is want- ing on the phylogeny of the myrmecophilous adaptation organs, as well as an anatomical examination of these, or a chemical examination of the juice which comes from them. The commencement of a solution to many of these enigmas has been made; unfortunately most of these studies fail for want of the necessary materials. Therefore, I venture to ask the kind help of all those who are able to assist me in the matter. This could be given : 1. By sending me well-determined caterpillars of Lycae- nidae (blown-out or in spirit, formol, etc.), particularly non- European specimens.* 2. By sending me ants that have been observed in company with caterpillars or nymphs (chrysalids), or by informing me of the well-determined names. 3. By informing me of other personal observations which have not as yet been published, and which bear upon observa- tions and studies touching this subject.. Dresden A., 16, Reissigerstr. 21 (Germany). Dr. JAMES FietcHer, Dr. Henry Skinner and Mr. T. N. Willing conducted a series of farmers’ meetings in the Province of Saskatch- ewan, Canada, from July 18th to 31st. The subjects considered were noxious weeds, injurious insects, and insects in relation to the transmis- sion of disease. Five hundred and fifty miles by rail and six hundred miles by wagon were traversed through a most interesting country. Later Drs. Fletcher and Skinner spent a few days in the Rocky Moun- tains of Canada. Notes oN JAMAICAN HeEmipTera.—“‘A Report on a Collection of Hemiptera Made on the Island of Jamaica in the Spring of 1906.” By E. P. Van Duzee. This is a paper of seventy-nine pages and is No. 5 of Vol. VIII of the Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. There are copious notes on the insects collected. One new genus and ~ upwards of fifty new species are described. This cannot help but be a valuable contribution to the literature of the subject. * Kindly address large packets of caterpillars to Prof. Dr. K. Heller, Dresden A., Zwinger, Royal Zoological Museum. Prof. Heller, custodian of the Museum, has most kindly arranged for the special safety of the caterpillar collections, to receive the same for me in the Museum and to undertake their careful return, a ne : Oct., 07] | _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 333 | a _ Cook: In Defense of Incisalia henrici. By Henry SKINNER. Mr. J. H. Cook, in the September, 1907, number of the journal of The New York Entomological Journal, p. 123, has published an article that is in part unnecessarily abusive, dis- courteous and untrue. I never take exception to just and proper difference of opinion or criticism, and it is very un- pleasant for me to be compelled té answer some of his remarks. I do not intend to refer at this time to any differences of opinion we may have in regard to species of Thecla, but I do wish to reply to Mr. Cook’s words on page 127 of his article. In EntomotocicaL News* I said, “Having had occasion to study some Theclas . . . . I came to the conclusion that Thecla henrici Grote and Robinson is a pure synonym of trus Godart.” The following letter from Mr. Cook, dated Albany, February 21, 1907, was received: “There seems, therefore, to be plenty of recent precedent to justify me in vilifying you to the extent of my vocabulary and in heaping great masses of obloquy upon your offending head for having had the temerity to express an opinion contrary to my own. If, then, you will kindly consider yourself smeared all over with vilification poultices and buried up to your eyes in obloquy I will take for granted the keen satire and uncomplimentary allusions, which should be the answer to such an attack. By so doing we can save valuable time and space and give the superheated atmosphere an opportunity to disappear. Thus we may get down to the facts sooner. And, now, that the preliminary controversy is over, you may be interested to inquire what it was all about. But seriously, Dr. Skinner, I think that you must have overlooked some recent literature on the subject, or you would not have permitted the expression of your very .remarkable opinion on the specific validity of Thecla henrici to get into print. I enclose the literatureft, to which I refer, and shall be very glad to explain any points which have not been made clear in the text.” I replied to this letter and refer to his article in one of my own in Entomotocicat News, Vol. XVIII, p. r29. Mr. Cook refers to the life history of henrici, as given by Mr. Edwards in the following words: “Edwards, who bred what he thought _* Vol. XVIII, p. 45. a Can. Ent., Vol. XX XVII, p. 216. 334 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’07 ”) to be henrici (Papilio, I., 150-152), ete.,” in the separate he _ sent me, and then in his recent article says: “Dr. Skinner can hardly plead that the facts were unknown to him without laying himself open to the charge of culpable ignorance of the literature of his subject.” . . . . This reference is in most of the catalogs, including my own. I later received another letter from Mr. Cook (March 3, 1907), to which I also re- plied, and my letter had a return address on it, too. I will not quote this in full, as I wish to save space. He practically repeats his argument given in Can. Ent., Vol. XX XVII, p. 216, and in addition says: “The larve and eggs are sufficiently unlike to enable the veriest tyro to distinguish between them at a glance.” Mr. Cook had not published anything on the larva of henrici, and he scores me for suppressing facts com- municated in a letter. He knows perfectly well that I replied to his letter, and I also told him I did not consider it proper to take cognizance of anything not in the literature of the subject. I had the temerity and audacity to have an opinion of my own in regard to the matter and have thereby been charged with culpable ignorance, suppression of evidence and discourtesy. Mr. Cook knew perfectly well that I re- ceived his letter, and the inference he. wishes drawn shows almost malicious deception. His feeling is shown in his first letter, where I permitted the expression of a very re- markable opinion to get into print. Even though I may have been wrong I do not think I owe Mr. Cook .any apology for my opinion. If those interested in natural history are compelled to accept the ipse dixit of everyone, or be abused, it is high time different methods are adopted. I can see nothing in his letters that should have prevented the appear- ance of my article. After considering myself smeared all over with vilification and buried to the eyes in obloquy (in litt.) I did not expect to see it in print also. lis —~>— Pror. AND Mrs. J. H. Comstock have been spending the summer camping in the high Sierras of California. Morcan HeEparp and J. A. G. Rehn were collecting in the Southwest and Orthoptera were the insects desired. We will hear later the result of the journey. Oct., ’07] ee ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 335 An Insect Ventriloquist. By A. N. Caupett, Washington, D. C. That man is not the only creature possessing ventriloquous ability is a fact admitted by all students of nature. Many birds are known to be excellent ventriloquists, and any person who has collected insects through the notes of their song knows that many of our species are adepts in the art. Belonging to the order Orthoptera are a number of species that, at times at least, are not readily located by means of their stridulation. Usually, however, a circular walk of fifty feet or so in diameter will encompass the songster and quite accurately locate its | position. Rarely is a specimen found over a hundred feet or so from its apparent position. The most extreme case of deceptive location of a singing insect that ever came under my observation, and I have located many a noisy orthopteron by its song, occurred on the evening of August 2d, of last year. Dr. Dyar and I were stopping at Longmire’s Springs, at the base of Mt. Rainier, in Washington. About dark, as we were strolling up the road through the forest, we heard an insect stridulating by the roadside. I at once recognized it as an orthopteron, but one whose note was un- familiar to me. Both Dr. Dyar and I readily located its ap- parent position in a small bunch of twigs not over eight feet from us. Being very desirous of capturing the insect I cautiously approached, but when I reached the spot where I supposed the creature to be secreted the sound no longer seemed to proceed from that point, but from an old stump a dozen feet further on. This new position was carefully approached, only to find the delusive sound moved to a point a few yards still further on. I now proceeded to persistently follow that spooky note from point to point, sometimes straight ahead and sometimes to one side or the other, till a distance of over two hundred yards was traversed. Dr. Dyar, lacking the en- thusiasm of an Orthopterist in a quest of this nature, strolled on, leaving me to pursue my ignts fatuus alone. My chase led me over great stones, under fallen logs, across a ravine and up a steep hill. Darkness approached rapidly, the little light 336 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’07 remaining of the fast dying day was lost amid the great ever- . green trees about me. The fantom note, ever sounding beyond me, together with my somber surroundings, brought over me a feeling of exaggerated loneliness that made light and human companionship very desirable. I therefore gave over my fruit- less chase and hastened back to the road and was soon pour- ing my tale of woe into the unsympathetic ears of Dr. Dyar. Other specimens of the insect were heard singing as we returned, and the next evening, armed with a very dirty lantern, kindly loaned us by an accommodating host, we sallied forth to capture one of the songsters. This we succeeded in doing, capturing two males after much climbing over and under fallen timber. The species proved to be, as I had surmised it would, Cyphoderris pipert, a species described by me some time be- fore from the same locality. The very large and inflated elytra of this insect seem especially adapted to the production of ventriloquous notes. The effect was probably intensified in the case cited above by local conditions. The difference between the apparent and actual location varies, as that of the two specimens captured was not so much as that observed the preceding evening, being probably something over one hundred yards. : : ; Cyphoderris piperi was described as a variety of C. mon- strosus, but it is very surely a distinct species and should be so listed. Like monstrosus, which has been reported as ven- triloquous by Turley, piperi is slow of motion, and when dis- turbed shows little inclination to leap. The specimens taken by Dr. Dyar and myself crawled slowly along the twigs upon which they were resting, keeping on the side opposite the ob- server. They sometimes stridulate quite persistently, but usually they cease their song when closely approached. ee No, Maude, dear, the bee cultitrist doesn’t suffer from hives any more than the lumber dealer does from shingles. i Henry A. WENZEL and Harry Kaeber had a most successful collecting ‘trip to Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. They brought back many rare and interesting Coleoptera. Ent. News, Vov. XVIII. PE XE BRITTON ON ALEYRODIDA. rag Pl. XIII. Ent. News, Vov. XVIII. BRITTON ON ALEYRODIDA. Oct., ’07) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 337 _ Some New or Little Known Aleyrodidae from Connecticut.—III.* By W. E. Britron. (Plates XII, XIII.) I wish to call attention to an error that has appeared in a previous paper of mine. In writing of Aleyrodes mori Quaint- ance (see EntromotocicaAL News, Vol. XVII, p. 129), I made the statement that “Morrill described a subspecies maculata (Psyche, Vol. X, p. 81, 1903), which differed from mori in the adult stage by having a bright yellow body.” As a matter of fact mori has the bright yellow body, and the body of the subspecies maculata is white with black markings. In corresponding with Dr. Morrill, I am now convinced that the specimens taken in Connecticut represent his subspecies maculata instead of the type, which, according to his observa- tions, is much more limited in range than maculata. Aleyrodes coryli sp. nov. Egg—Unknown. Larva—Oval in shape, rather more than two-thirds as broad as long, and of light yellowish color. Margin and vasiform orifice darker yellow than other portion. Margin bears short, slightly curved glassy wax rods, and a pair of short incurved hairs at caudal extremity. The dorsum bears no wax rods or secretions of any kind. Pupa Case——Length from .65 to .74 mm.; greatest breadth .38 to 47 mm. Shape broadly oval, slightly constricted cephalad of the middle, with the posterior slightly more pointed than the anterior extremity. Color of pupa light greenish yellow, empty pupa skins white. Raised from surface of leaf by a vertically striated wall of wax about 134 # high. Dorsum slightly convex, furrowéd transversely according to adult segmentation. - Marginal area radially and deeply corrugated or wrinkled. Margin finely crenulate. Six pairs of straight or slightly curved upright wax rods from 200 # to 230 # long are borne upon the dorsum a short distance from the margin; one pair each is borne at the cephalic and caudal extremities, the latter pair being closer together than the former; the other four pairs are nearly equidistant from each other, but are slightly nearer the cephalic pair than the caudal pair. The other pairs of slightly shorter rods are situated as follows: _ One pair on last thoracic segment, just in * For the precedin g papers « on ‘this subject, see Ent. News, Vol. XVI, p. 65, March, 1905, and Vol. XVII p- 127, April, 1906. 3 ie 338 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’07 front of the transverse splitting line, each rod being about halfway between the margin and the center; the second pair occupy a similar position on the fifth abdominal segment. All of these rods break off readily, and some or all were wanting in nearly every specimen examined, but the pores show their location. There is a marginal fringe of smaller curved wax rods about 90 p long rising upward and then curving outward.