ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

QL

AND

PROCEEDINGS
3

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

OF

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF

PHILADELPHIA

VOLUME XXXIII, 1922

PHILIP P. CALVERT, PH.D., Editor
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Edito

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus

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1922

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXIII No. 1

CHARLES ALHKED BLAKI-:
1834-1903

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIII.

Plate I.

2

LARVAL TRACHEATION OF UROPETALA CHILTONI.-TiLLYARD.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXIII

JANUARY, 1922

No. 1

CONTENTS

Tillyard — New Researches upon the
Problem of the Wing- Venation of
Odonata I

Leathers— Chironomus braseniae, new
Species (Dip,, Chironomidae) 8

Barnes and Lindsey — New Synonyms
in the Noctuidae ( Lep. ) . 9

Alexander — An Undescribed Species of
Net- Winged Midge from Argentina
( Blepharoceridae, Diptera) 10

Gaige — University of Michigan-Will-
iamson Expedition to Brazil n

Jones— A new North American Psy-
chid(Lep., Psychidae) 12

Lice and a Horse Fly transmitting Dis-
ease ( Dip., Tabanidae) 12

Williamson — Libellulas Collected in
Florida by Jesse H. Williamson,
with Description of a new Species
(Odonata ) 13

Brimley — List of the Tachinidae (Dip-
tera) of North Carolina 20

Buthn — Some Cases of Aberrant Ovipo-
sition in Butterflies ( Lep ) 26

Editorial— The Boundless Field of En-
tomology 29

Entomological Literature 30

New Researches upon the Problem of the Wing-
Venation of Odonata.

I. A Study of the Tracheation of the Larval Wings in the Genus
Uropetala from New Zealand

By R. J. TILLYARD, M.A., Sc.D. (Cantab.), D.Sc. (Sydney),
F.L.S., F.E.S., Entomologist and Chief of the Biological
Department, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.

(With Plate I and three text figures)

In the Suborder Anisoptera the most archaic family still
existing is probably the Pctalnrldac, containing only five genera,
having a discontinuous palaeogenic distribution. These are :
Tachoptcry.\- in North America, Tan\ptcr\.\- in North America
and Japan, Plictics in South America, Uropetala in New Zea-
land, and Pctalura in Australia. They are all dragonflies ,of
large size; the greatest number of species in any one genus i-
three in Pctalura; Tan\ptcr\.\- and Uropetala have two spear-
each, while Tachoptcr\.\- and Phcncs are monotypic.

The family is characterized, amongst other things, by the
presence of two oblique -reins lying distad from the nodus,
between .1/2 and the next longitudinal vein bclmv it. This

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

latter vein is called by Needham and others Rs.1 While
accepting, in the past, this terminology, as far as the Anisoptera
are concerned, I have pointed out that, in the Suborder Zygop-
tera, the trachea supplying this vein is a branch of M, and
never has any connection with R at all. Hence I have claimed
that the corresponding vein in the Zygoptera cannot rightly be
called Rs, and I have suggested the name "Zygopterid Sector"
for it, with the notation Ms.z

The full account of Needham's Theory of the crossing of
Rs over two branches of M, viz. Ml and M2, is by now so
well known to all Odonatologists that I shall save space by not
recapitulating it here, and shall only refer my readers to Need-
ham's very clear account of it (1). The chief point of im-
portance to be noted is the claim that the oblique vein, of which
there is only one present in most Anisoptera, represents the
original position of crossing of Rs below M2, while all that
part of the main vein lying below it basad from the oblique
vein is a new formation, not represented in the original Odonate
type, and designed to strengthen the wing for flight. This part
is called by Needham the bridge-vein. In the larval wing the
bridge-vein is formed by a pigment-band only, without any
precedent tracheation, and it is this fact, more than any other,
which has influenced Needham in forming his conclusions.

No satisfactory explanation has ever been offered of the
condition of things in the Petaluridac. where two oblique veins
are always present. For many years I have endeavored to find
suitable stages of the larvae of Petalura. from which to solve
this problem ; but the search has been unsuccessful, owing to
the draining and cutting up of the swamps on the Blue Moun-
tains in which I originally found this larva.

In November, 1919, I visited New Zealand, where I stayed
five months. While at Wellington at the beginning of De-

1 Needham, J. G. "A genealogic study of Dragonfly Wing Venation."
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, No. 1331, 1903, xxvi, pp. 703-761,
24 pi. (See especially Figs. 1-2, pp. 706-7, and 710-714.)

2Tillyard, R. J. "On the Development of the Wing- Venation in
Zygopterous Dragonflies, with special reference to the Cahfterycfidae."
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 1915, xl, pt. 2, pp. 212-230. (See p. 224 and
plates.)

xxxiii, '22} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3

cember, Mr. H. Hamilton, Zoologist, Dominion Museum,
showed me a live specimen of the larva of Uropctala carovei
White, sent in by Mr. Wilson of Bull's. This larva was handed
over to me for study, and I dissected it and studied its wing-
tracheation while staying at Mr. Hamilton's home at Karori.
For his kindness and assistance in this matter I desire to thank-
Mr. Hamilton very much.

In January, 1920, I was the guest of Professor and Mrs.
Chilton at Christchurch, and spent three days visiting the Cass
Biological Station, in company with Professor Chilton and Mr.
Chas. Lindsay, of the Canterbury Museum. During the first
day's collecting, we located a large number of larval burrows
of Uropetala in a small mountain swamp about two miles from
the Station. The species to which these larvae belonged
proved, on careful study, to be new, and has been described by
me as U. chiltoni. The larva is not so fierce as that of U.
carovei, and more resembles the larva of Pctalura. It can be
easily obtained by inserting one's fingers into the burrows, and
working down to a depth of from ten to eighteen inches, when
the larva will be felt as a hard object against the soft walls of
the tunnel, and can easily be seized and drawn out. More than
fifty of the larvae of U. cJtiltoni were thus obtained, and were
brought back to the Station alive for study.

T wish here to thank Professor Chilton for his great kind-
ness in allowing me the use of the Cass Biological Station, and
in placing himself at my disposal during my short but fruitful
visit there, and Mr. Lindsay for his help in the field.

The larvae, when examined, proved to belong to the last
three instars. A number of dissections, of both fore and hind
wings were made. It was found that there was very little
difference in the arrangement of the tracheae in the variou-
instars, and the results also agreed entirely with those obtained
from the study of the larva of U. carovci, from Bull's, which
was in the last instar.

Tn Plate I, fig. 1, I have shown the general scheme of
tracheation for the hind wing in the. penultimate instar. Points
of interest to be noted are the following:—

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

(1) The presence of a strong basal branch of Sc, which I have
labeled Sc'. This would seem to be the homologue of the similar
branch found in Plectoptera, from which the strong humeral vein oi that
Order is developed. Probably also a similar trachea originally under-
lay the anterior branch of Sc in the fossil Orders Paratrichoptera and
Protomecoptera, both of Triassic age.

(2) The anal trachea, which is clearly the homologue of \A in
those insects in which more than one such vein is present, arises well
below Cu, converges towards it, and finally touches it. It then bends
away at the anal crossing, reaching again the level of the anal vein
of the imago (A'), of which the basal portion is formed, like the
bridge-vein, by a pigment-band only, without precedent tracheation.
The main stem of trachea A passes on distad to a point just below
the downward bend of Cul, where it meets for a short distance with
a very weakly formed trachea from Cid, and then bends sharply
away from it again towards the base of the wing posteriorly. We
have been in the habit of calling this weak trachea Cu2. The for-
mation seen in Uropetala strongly suggests, to my mind, that this sup-
posed trachea Cn2 is in reality not the original Cu2 at all, but a new
tracheal formation, which has succeeded in cutting off the distal
portion of \A, leaving only the turned back portions still attached to
the anal trachea If this is the true interpretation of these parts, it
would follow that Cu in the Odonata must have been originally a
simple trachea and vein. I shall show, in a later part of these re-
searches, that Cu was such a vein in the Protodonata, and that all
stages in the capture of the distal portion of \A by a new branch
descending from Cu are to be seen in the record of the Liassic Odonata.

Plate I, fig. 2, shows the base of the hind wing enlarged, to illus-
trate the characters described under (1) and (2) more forcibly.

(3) Turning next to the very important problem of the Radial and
Zygopterid Sectors, Plate I, fig. 3, shows, greatly enlarged, the con-'
dition of the tracheation of Uropetala in the region of the two oblique
veins for the antepenultimate instar, which was the earliest stage
obtainable at Cass in January. The oblique vein O, it will be seen,
is preceded by a very weak tracheal formation arising from R below
the nodus, crossing Ml and J\12 just distad of their origin from
Ml +2, and continuing beyond O, for only a moderate distance, alona'
the line of the imaginal vein called by Needham Rs. It is clearly this
formation which corresponds with the single oblique vein of other
Anisoptera. Basad from O, the line of Rs is continued backwards by a
pigment band only, without any tracheation. This band is connected
more strongly with M3 than with Ml +2, its connection with the latter
appearing to be more in the nature of a cross-vein at this stage. It is
this band which forms the bridge-vein of the Anisoptera in the imag-
inal stage.

Well beyond O, there is a second oblique O'. From Plate I, fig. 3, it
will be seen that this is preceded, in the larval tracheation, by a very

• • • joo n

xxxin, 22]

NK\VS

strong branch descending from .1/2, and then continuing the line of Rs
distad. If we compare this formation with that found in the larvae of
the Zygopterid family Lcstidae, we shall see plainly enough that O' is
the homologue of the oblique trachea in that family, and that the lonti
bridge of the Lcstidae is not the homologue of the bridge of Anisoptera,
but comprises all that part lying basad from O', along the line of the
so-called Rs. To the trachea which arises from M to form O' I have
already given the notation Ms, as well as to the vein that forms along
it in the imago, so that we may now continue to apply this notation in
the case of Uropctala.

Text fig. i.—Uropelala chiltoni Till., antepenultimate instar, forewing, region of
distal oblique vein, more highly magnified, (x 104.)

In text-fig. 1 I have shown, very greatly enlarged, the condition of
the tracheation at the antepenultimate instar in the region of the origin
of Ms. The difference in calibre between Ms and Rs is exceedingly
marked. In the penultimate instar the calibre of Rs increases, while in the
last instar the calibres of Rs and Ms are approximately the same,
though Ms is usually still slightly the larger. In no case does Rs pro-
ceed beyond the position of the first descending cross-vein after O' ;
all the rest of the so-called Rs of Needham, together with the descend-
ing cross-veins and that portion of the radial supplement which carries
tracheae is supplied entirely from trachea

We thus see that in Uropctala larvae, the single longitudinal
imaginal vein Rs of Xeedham is formed from three distinct
parts as follows :—

(a) A basal portion, arising from M3 near its origin, having no
precedent tracheation, and representing the bridge-rein of Needham in
the Anisoptera.

(b) A middle portion, lying between O and O', which is preceded
by a trachea arising from R below the nodus, crossing Ml and M2,
running along O, underlying Rs between O and O', then touching .U.v
and finally turning off to supply the first cross-vein beyond O'. This
portion plus (a) represents the Ion;/ bridyc in the Lcstidae.

6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

(c) A distal portion, from O' onward, supplied by a true branch
of M, viz., Ms, whose basal piece underlies O'. This portion is about
as long, in Uropetala, as the other two portions combined.

Having completed this somewhat complicated analysis of the
tracheation of this region, we may now proceed to solve the
vexed question of the true homologies of the parts in question.
Are we dealing with a single longitudinal vein of complex
origin, whose evolution is to be traced out by reference to the
courses of the larval tracheae underlying it ; or are we not
rather dealing with a single primitive longitudinal vein, whose
larval tracheal supply has become more and more specialized
during the evolution of the Odonata? If the former, then we
cannot hope to find any simple notation which would correctly
express the true structure of this vein. If the latter, we can
ignore the tracheal specializations, and name the vein accord-
ing to its true position as a simple longitudinal vein.

This problem is really quite easy of solution. For, if the
\eia called by Needham R s is really complex, then we may ex-
pect to find, in the fossil record, some types at least in which the
formation of the bridge-vein is not completed. But a careful
study of the fossils shows that, both in the Protodonata and in
all the Liassic Odonata, this supposed Rs is a single complete
vein, which arises from 'M3 near its origin, and runs parallel
to and below M2, without any connection whatever with R.
In Typus and some Liassic fossils, such as Hctcrophlcbia, an
oblique vein is present in the position of 0' , thus showing a
tracheational connection with M2. But, in all the rest of the
Protodonata, and in most of the Liassic Odonata, even this is
absent, and we find the same simple condition that is still to be
seen in all the Zygoptera except the Lestidae, viz., that the
supposed Rs of Needham is in reality a true branch of M,
with no oblique veins above, and with absolutely no connec-
tion with R. This is, then, surely the primitive condition of
this vein in the Odonata; and the specializations which have
set in during the evolution of the Order are surely trache-
ational specializations only, which do not demonstrate to us
the course of evolution of the vein, but rather serve to mask
its simple origin, by the complexity of the changes that have
taken place in the tracheal supply.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7

While admitting that, in most cases, the precedent larval
tracheation may be profitably studied for the purpose of deter-
mining the homologies of the imaginal veins, it should be evi-
dent to everybody that larval wing-tracheation may be just as
much subject to change, along its own evolutionary line, as is
the imaginal wing-venation, or any other structure. In his
work on the Odonata, Needham seems to have worked along
the lines of assuming that, in all cases, the tracheation was to
be relied upon to show absolutely the line of evolution of the
venation. It is another instance of an attempt, of which there
have been many, to apply Haeckel's Biogenetic Law in its
entirety, without taking into account the possibility of larval
structures, such as the wing-tracheation, undergoing lines of
evolution of their own, so that they, in certain cases, may be-
come far more highly specialized than the corresponding
imaginal structures. It is certainly possible to prove, from the
fossil record, that Needham's supposed bridge-vein was never
formed backwards as a bridge-vein, but was always the
basal portion of a strongly formed main longitudinal
vein arising from M3 (or sometimes Ml +2, as in most
recent forms) close to the point of separation of these
veins. This proof I propose to give in another part
of these researches, which will deal entirely with fossil
forms. Meanwhile, for the further elucidation of the
problem, I now propose to denote this entire vein by the nota-
tion Ms, as I have previously done for the Zygoptera. Logi-
cally, if we admit five branches of M, they should be called
Ml, M2, M3, M4 and M5, respectively, instead of Ml, M2,
Ms, M3 and M4, as at present ; this I have already pointed out
in a previous paper.3 But, as a matter of fact, we have
not come down to the true solution of the whole problem yet,
and so I propose to let the notation Ms stand, seeing that it
is at any rate now proved that this vein was originally a true

branch of M. (To be continued)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fig. 1. Uropctala chiltoni Till., penultimate larval instar, tracheation

of hindwing. (x 13.)
Fig. 2. Uropctala chiltoni Till., penultimate larval instar, basal third

of hindwing more highly magnified, to show tracheation. (x 45.)
Fig. 3. Uropctala chiltoni Till., antepenultimate instar, forewing,

region of nodus and oblique veins, (x 38.)

3Tillyard, R. J. "The Panorpoid Complex. Part 3: The \Vin«-
Venation." Proc. I.inn. Soc. N. S. W., 1919, xliv, pt. 3. pp. 533-718.
(See pp. 555-9 and text-fig. 41.)

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

Chironomus braseniae, New Species (Dip.,
Chironomidae).

By ADELBERT L. LEATHERS, Agricultural College,
North Dakota.

Chironomus braseniae h. sp.

$'. Head, proboscis, palpi and basal joint of antennae yellow, eyes
black, antennal shaft and verticils brown. Antennae with 14 joints,
the terminal joint two-thirds as long as the rest of the antenna.

Pronotum projecting laterally but not reaching the level of the meso-
notum dorsally. Mesonotum greenish yellow, translucent and some-
what pruinose; vittae of a light buff color. Scutellum and halteres
yellow ; metanotum and sternopleura buff color. Wings white, longi-
tudinal veins and cross veins not infuscated. Cubitus forking distinctly
beyond the cross vein ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins ending
about equally distant from the apex of the wing. Legs whitish, fore
tarsus not bearded, middle and hind tarsi densly bearded for their entire
length. Tibial comb darkened on all legs ; basal segment of fore tarsi
more than one-half longer than the tibia, proportions as 47 :30. Pulvilli
well developed, empodium narrow.

Abdomen light green densely clothed with long yellow hairs. Seg-
ments without distinct fasciae.

9 . Antennae yellow, apical joint slightly infuscated. Posterior
margins of the abdominal segments with a narrow whitish fascia.
Otherwise like the male. Length 3.5 to 4 mm.

The type specimen is a male which was bred from a larva
inhabiting the leaves of Brasenia pcltata. The specimen was
obtained from Spencer Lake near the village of North Spencer,
New York, in July, 1915, and may be found in the collection
of the NewT York State College of Agriculture, Ithaca, New-
York. The publication of this species at this time is due to the
recommendation of Prof. O. A. Johannsen, under whom I did
my minor work while at Cornell, 1915-1916.

The larva has the unique habit of cutting grooves in the
foliage of a variety of aquatic plants, which have floating
leaves. The specific name is the same as the generic name of
the plant which the female seemed to favor. A more complete
discussion of the ecology of this species will be found in a
paper now in the hands of the Bureau of Fisheries, which
should soon be available to the public, under the title of "An
Ecological Study of the Chironomidae with Special Reference
to Their Feeding Habit s."

xxxiii, '22] K.vrnMni.ocic.u. .\ic\vs 9

New Synonyms in the Noctuidae (Lep.).

By W.M. BARNES, M.D., and A. W. LINDSEV, PH.D.,
Decatur, Illinois.

The recent appearance in the Insccutor Inscitiac Mcnstruns
of two articles by Dr. H. G. Dyar, describing new species of
Lepidoptera, has led us to make a careful examination of our
series standing as Calophasia strigata Smith and Ccrapoda
oblita Grote. We find that strigata has the front tarsi armed
with curved, claw-like spines, though they are relatively a little
smaller than those found in oblita. The species should there-
fore be removed to Ccrapoda. We believe that Calophasia
will drop from the North American fauna.

We regret to say that we must disagree with the synonymy
proposed by Dr. Dyar for these species (Ins. Ins. Menst. ix,
63). The type of oblita is in the British Museum, and was
figured by Sir George F. Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M.
vi, 181). Dr. McDunnough examined the type in person some
years ago, and we have in our possession a specimen compared
by him. This specimen was figured in the Contributions vol. ii,
no. 1, pi. v, fig. 4. Our identification of strigata is also based
on a specimen compared with the type, which is in the National
Museum.

While the marks of strigata and oblita are similar, the for-
mer species is smaller, its primaries darker and more evenly
gray, and the reniform entirely lacks the heavy white mark
which characterizes oblita. The fact that Dr. Dyar has access
to the type of strigata leads us to believe that it is this grav
species which he treats as oblita-strigata. His description of
arrosta bears this out, for this description, as well as fig. 17,
pi. xx of Holland's Moth Book, comes well within the range
of variation exhibited by our series of oblita. It seems that
these species should stand as follows :

Genus CERAPODA Smith.

1. OBLITA Grote. 1877, Bull. Geog. Surv. Terr. Hi. 117. Oncoaianis.

1906, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M. vi, I SI. Ccrapoda.

1913, Barnes & McDunnough, Cont. Nat. Hist. I.q . X. A. ii (i), 12.
pi. v, figs. 3, 4. Ccrapoda (Oncocncinis} .

*stritjata Holland (not Smith). 1903, Moth Book 170, pi. xx, fig. 17.
Calophasia.

10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

dcscrta Grinnell. 1912, Bull. S. Cal. Acad. Sci. xi, 79. Autographa.

arrosta Dyar. 1921, Ins. Ins. Menst. ix, 63. Cerapoda.

2. STRIGATA Smith. 1891, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xviii, 107. Calo-
pliasia.

1906, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M. vi, 125. JCalufhasia.

1917, Barnes & McDunnough, Check List No. 2012, p. 56. Calophasia.

^oblita Dyar (not Grote). 1921, Ins. Ins. Menst. ix, 63. Ccrapoda.

Another synonym appears in Dr. Dyar's Schinia mclliftua,
This name applies to Schinia nivcicosta Smith. Niveicosta was
described from a single female, rather duller than most exam-
ples, which is in our possession. We have also a small series
from Palm Springs, California, the type locality of melliftua.
The species is very variable, but is unlike any other known to
us and is very well characterized by Dyar's description of
mellifiua.

An Undescribed Species of Net-winged Midge from
Argentina (Blepharoceridae, Diptera.)

By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Urbana, Illinois.
In 1920 (Arkiv for Zoologi, Band 13, No. 7, pp. 1-4), the
writer described a new genus and species of net- winged midge,
Edwardsina chilcnsis, from southern Chile. As indicated in
the original description, the fly exhibits some very unusual
venational features. The discovery of a second species of this
primitive genus of Blepharoceridae is of more than visual inter-
est. The two specimens upon which the following description
is based were collected by Dr. Carette along the Rio Diamante
in southern Mendoza, Argentina, and kindly sent to me for
determination by my friend, Dr. Charles Bruch, to whom 1
am indebted for many kind favors. The type is in the Museum
of La Plata, the allotype in the writer's collection. Both of
these types appear somewhat teneral and the wings are badly
folded.

Edwardsina argentinensis, new species.

$. Length about 8 mm.; wing 11 mm. $ . Length about 8.5 mm.;
wing 14 mm. The bodies of both specimens are rather shrunken, so a
better idea of the size is conveyed by the wing measurements.

Mouth parts and palpi light yellowish brown. Antennae with the
scapal segments and the base of the first flagellar segment obscure
brownish orange ; remainder of the flagellum dark brown ; flagellar
segments nearly globular. Front cream-colored ; vertex dark brown.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11

Mesonotal praescutum silvery gray with three conspicuous black
stripes, the broad median stripe divided by a slight carina; scutal lobes
black, the median area pminose ; scutellum black, more pruinose
basally. Pleura light gray. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem
obscure orange. Legs with the coxae and trochanters obscure yellow ;
remainder of the legs brownish testaceous, the terminal tarsal segments
darker.

Wings grayish subhyaline; veins dark brown; wings very large and
ample for the size of the insect ; anal angle very conspicuous. Vena-
tion: Rl thick with numerous short macrotrichiae ; the section of Rs
interpreted as being a spur in E. chilcnsis is here so long and of such
a course that it appears to be the true base of the sector, although the
extreme basal connection is atrophied ; the vein that was interpreted
as the base of the sector in E. chilcnsis would thus appear to be a
crossvein, presumably r; R2+3 short, about as long as r-tn ;
R4+5 parallel with R3 basally but soon diverging, ending immedi-
ately behind the wing-apex which is very obtuse ; r-r,i opposite the fork
of M ; no decided curvature on Ml to indicate the position occupied by
the atrophied M2.

Abdomen dark brown, the pleural membrane more grayish.

Habitat. — Argentina. Holotype, $ , Rio Diamante, south-
ern Mendoza, January, 1921 (Dr. Carette). Allotopotype, $.

Edwardsina argcntincnsis differs from the genotype, E.
chilcnsis, in its larger size, dark coloration of the body, the
slightly different wing-venation and the more conspicuous anal
angle of the wing.

University of Michigan- Williamson Expedition to Brazil

A zoological expedition to the interior of Brazil has been organized
at the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, through the inter-
est and support of Mr. E. B. Williamson, Honorary Curator of Odo-
nata. It is to be known as the University of Michigan-Will amson
Expedition. The members of the expedition are Mr. Jesse H. William-
son and Capt. John Strohm, U. S. A. Both men have had .wide experi-
ence in the tropics, and are outfitted in a most excellent manner for the
prosecution of their work. They will leave New York on December
15, 1921, and will be in the field for about eight months according to
their present plans. If particularly favorable conditions are encoun-
tered, a longer time may be spent in their explorations.

The region to be investigated is that of the Sierra de Parecis and the
country westward toward the Bolivian frontier. The party will pro-
ceed directly to Manaos and then to Pt. Velho, which town will prob-
ably be their general headquarters for their explorations to the south
and west.

The Odonata will receive the most detailed study, other groups to lie
collected are the Formicidae, Orthoptcra, I.epidoptera, Diptera and
Arachnida, and in addition to the Arthropoda mentioned much atten-
tion will be given to the reptiles, amphibians and shells. — FREDERICK
M. GAIGE, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

A New North American Psychid (Lep., Psychidae.)

By FRANK MORTON JONES, Wilmington, Delaware.

Oiketicus toumeyi n. sp.

$ . — Head, thorax and abdomen including the legs, tawny yellowish
brown, hairy, the eyes black. The antenna with about 36 joints, brown,
basally broadly bipectinate, the branches narrowing abruptly about
three-fifths the length of the shaft from the base. The anterior tibia
bears a slender, flattened, strap-like appendage, one-half as long as the
tibia. The abdomen is long and slender, exceeding the wings by the
width of the secondaries.

The wing veins are yellowish brown ; the wings are glassy, as in
ephemerae formis, and are only very sparsely speckled with a few dark
scales, which are more dense along the costa of the secondaries; the
anal area of the secondaries is semi-opaque with brown hairs. The
primaries are narrow and moderately acute, the costa almost straight,
the outer margin oblique; the costa of secondaries is arched, the apical
angle acute, the outer margin almost straight to the second cubital vein,
below which the anal area is somewhat produced and the margin
rounded. The primaries usually have 12 veins, the secondaries 8, with
M2 and M3 (5 and 4) of both wings stalked to the cell; but M2 (5)
is occasionally obsolete or partially so. The anal veins of primaries
are as in abboti Grt. Wing expanse, 28 to 52 mm.

Type locality, Tucson, Arizona. Described from numerous
bred specimens ; the type is in the collection of the author,
and paratype material will be distributed.

This is almost certainly the insect mentioned by Dr. J. W.
Tourney (Bull. 9, Ariz. Ag. Exp. Sta., 1893) as "Thyridop-
tery.v sp.," abundant on locust trees in the vicinity of Tucson ;
the general resemblance of its larval case to that of townsendi
Ckll. has probably prevented its earlier recognition as distinct,
though the moths of toumeyi and tozvnsendi are very unlike.

Lice and a Horsefly Transmitting Disease (Dip., Tabanidae).

The United States Public Health Service announces that the re-
searches of Doctors Edward Francis, Bruce Mayne and G. C. Lake
show that the rodent disease, tularaemia, due to Bacterium tularensc
in the blood, which is very fatal to jack rabbits in Utah, is transmitted
from rabbit to rabbit by their lice and from rabbits to man by the
blood-sucking horsefly, Chrysops discalis.

Tularaemia is seldom fatal to man, only one death due to it being
known. It is a septic fever, occurring in Utah, lasting 3-6 weeks,
with slow convalescence. Its economic consequences, therefore, may
be serious when it attacks farmers and lays them up in midsummer
and in harvest seasons.

xxxiii. '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS 13

Libellulas Collected in Florida by Jesse H. William-
son, with Description of a new
Species (Odonata).

By E. B. WILLIAMSON, Bluffton, Indiana.
Mr. Jesse H. Williamson collected dragonflies in Florida
from March 1 to April 26, 1921. Localities visited and dates
are as follows : Sebring, March 1 ; Fort Myers, March 3-/
and 10-19; Taxambas, Marco Island, March 8; Labelle, March
21-27; Moore Haven, March 29-30 and April 2; Palmdale,
March 31 and April 3-8; enroute Moore Haven to West
Palm Beach, across Lake Okeechobee, April 9; Miami, April
12; Enterprise, April 15-26. From April 29 to May 9 he
collected at Kathwood, Aikcn County, South Carolina, but on
these dates most of the species observed were just emerging.
Among the 4547 specimens collected, representing 65 species,
are several new and many interesting things, the most remark-
able and surprising of which is the fine Libellnla described
below. This Florida collection has been studied and arranged
by J. H. W. and duplicates are being distributed to students
and institutions.

Libellula jesseana new species.

Abdomen: $, 38-40; $,35; hind wing, ^ , 41-43; 9 , 43 ; stigma,
front wing, 6-6.8 mm.

$ . — Labium brown with a slight greenish cast ; genae and mandibles
similar, the latter more yellowish; labrum black; anteclypeus greenish
brown; postclypeus, frons, antennae and frontal vesicle black, the latter
nearly squarely truncate, the externoapical points shining ; occiput
black; rear of head brown with greenish or yellowish tinges and witli
a more or less distinct paler spot against the eye at midheight and
another larger one below this.

Dorsum of prothorax and thorax black pruinose ; mesepimeron and
metepisternum similar but paler, more or less shaded, especially about
the humeral and second lateral sutures, with greenish or yellowish
brown ; the metepimeron and thorax beneath this paler color.

Abdomen slender; above the lateral carina black , below the lateral
carina brown to black with a greenish or yellowish cast and a more or
less distinct yellowish area on either side posterior to the posterior
transverse carina on each of segments 2-8; sterna brown to black;
appendages brown to black.

Vc-ntro-external fact- of the genital liamulc roughly triangular in

14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

shape, the posterior edge nearly at right angles to the abdomen, the antero-
dorsal edge relatively long, longer than in awipennis, so that the face
of the hamule is relatively broader in icsseana. In inccsta the anterior
angle is obliterated in a curve joining the antero-ventral and the antero-
dorsal edges, and the face is relatively slender as in iiuripennis.

In a younger male the labium, genae and mandibles are pale dull
yellow, the postclypeus shades out to dark greenish adjacent to the
eyes, and there is a green spot on the frons, against the eye, just above
this. The dorsum of the thorax is brown with a purplish cast ; the
sides of the thorax are largely pale yellow with the posterior two-
thirds of the mesepimeron and the upper part of the metepisternum
darker, thus defining two more or less distinct pale stripes, one just
posterior to the humeral and the other just posterior to the second
lateral suture. Dorsum of abdomen similarly paler, 3-6 slightly lighter
in color and yellowish adjacent to the lateral carina : 7-9 with a longi-
tudinal dorsal black stripe occupying about one-third the area on each
side between the middorsal line and the lateral carina (probably in
younger individuals this dorsal black stripe is defined on more basal seg-
ments) ; 10 and appendages yellowish brown; abdomen beneath, between
the lateral and ventral carinae, pale greenish or yellowish on 2 and 3,
shading darker to greenish or yellowish brown on the segments poste-
rior to 3, a more or less distinctly darker subapical area on either side
of each segment; sterna at base of 3 and on 9 and 10 yellowish, other-
wise dark to black.

Coxae pale yellowish to pruinose brown ; legs brown to nearly black ;
femora paler at base and with the dorso-posterior surface pale yellowish
to brown, darker apically.

Wings basally, posterior to A and proximal to the distal angle of the
triangles, hyaline ; remainder of wing reddish yellow, sometimes slightly
more intense in the area between nodus and stigma, the extreme apex
very narrowly and inconspicuously dusky tipped , the basal spaces
anterior to A are not as deeply tinged as the apical portion of the wing.
Venation basal to about the level of the triangles dark to black; distal
to this point all the veins are reddish yellow excepting the veins on the
anterior and posterior sides of the stigma and the posterior wing margin,
which are black; stigma dragon's blood red (Ridgway). For venational
characters see following the description of the female wings.

9 . — Labium pale dull yellowish brown ; genae and mandibles green-
ish ; labrum yellow with a large median basal rounded black spot which
is joined basally on either side with a more or less extensive lateral
spot which reaches and extends more or less along the anterior margin
but does not attain the lateral margin above; anteclypeus greenish
brown ; postclypeus and frons brown to nearly black, each on either
side in front,- against the eye, with a greenish or bluish spot; occiput
brown; rear of head brown, similar to that of the male.

Thorax as in the younger males, the sides more uniformly yellowish,

xxxiii. '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15

the darker posterior areas on the mesepimeron and on the metepimeron
and on the upper part of the metepisternum only slightly or not at all
evident, so the pale stripe posterior to the humeral and to the second
lateral suture are not as well marked as in the male or are wanting
altogether, disappearing in the prevailing pale color of the sides.

Abdomen similar to younger males ; the dorsal longitudinal black
stripe described on 7-9 is faintly discernible as a daiker stripe on 2-9
in the female; 8 perfoliate.

Wings hyaline, more or less yellowish tinged in the basal spaces
anterior to A, and along the costal border, especially distal to the nodus
and anterior to R; apex to level of stigma dusky, the inner edge dif-
fuse; costa yellow except at base, clearest and brightest between nodus
and proximal end of stigma, distal to which point it is black; nodus
and subnodus more or less yellow ; the other veins dark to black ;
stigma burnt sienna (Ridgway), apical fourth or third black; the dark
color produced basally along the anterior and posterior borders, espe-
cially the former; enclosing veins black. Venational characters below.
Legs as in the male.

Venational characters of both sexes. — Antenodals. front wing 17 to
19, usually 19; hind wing 13 to 15, usually 14; postnodals, front wing
11 to 14, usually 12 or 13; hind wing 12 to 16, usually 13 or 14: triangle
front wing with 2 or 3 crossveins, usually 2 ; hind wing 1 ; crossveins in
supertriangle front wing 0 to 2, usually 1 ; hind wing 0 or 1, usually 0;
cells in subtriangle front wing 5 or 6, usually 5 ; cells in loop posterior
to subtriangle, front wing, 2 or 3, usually 2 ; cubito-anal crossveins front
and hind wings, 1 ; bridge crossveins front and hind wings 3 to 5, usu-
ally 4 or 5 ; triangle front wing followed by 4 or 5 cells, usually 4, then
3 or 4 followed by 4 increasing; 2 rows of cells between M4 and Mspl
in front and hind wings ; crossveins against the distal transverse side
of the anal loop on its proximal side 4 or 5 ; crossveins against the
proximal side of the anal loop on its distal side 9 to 11, usually 9.

Enterprise, Florida, April 22 and 26, 1921, 44 males, 2
females, collected by Jesse H. Williamson, for whom this
handsome species is named. Type male and allotypc female,
taken in copulation, April 26, 1921, in coll. E. B. \Y.

Both sexes of jcsseana are separated at once from those of
aunpcnnis by the darker face and frons, and dorsum of thorax
and abdomen. In wing coloration the male differs from
auripcnnis in the more intense reddish yellow of the wings
posterior to R, the color in auripcnnis being more intense
along the costal border. In the females of the two species
there is little or no difference in the wings except that the
costa basally is darker in both sexes of jcsseana than in the

16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

sexes of aiiripcnnis. From the related species with dark col-
ored bodies jcsscana is separated at once by the reddish yellow
unspotted wings of the male and the red stigma of fhe male
and the burnt sienna stigma of the female. From flavida,
jcsscana is separated, among other characters, by the absence
of dark colored basal wing markings.

About Enterprise are many small lakes, locally called ponds.
Collections were made at eight of these, four north of the
town and four east. All ponds are of the same general char-
acter, though some are more marshy than others. They lie
about twenty feet below the general land surface among tur-
pentine pine hammocks. The soil is sand and there are no
inlets or outlets to the ponds. The water is clear and cold and
fit to drink. Seven of the ponds were without any Libcllula
inhabitants. At the eighth pond Libcllula jesseana, and no
other Libcllula, was taken. In J. H. W.'s notes this eighth
pond, in the absence of any local name, is designated as Figure-
8 Pond. It lies two and one-half miles (estimated) north of
the town, going out the hard shell road past the cemetery.
It is about a quarter of a mile east of the road and about half
a mile due north of Buckeye Homestead Pond. The latter
pond can be seen from the road. Gleason's Pond lies about
three quarters of a mile east of Buckeye Homestead Pond.
North of Gleason's Pond lies Wiley Pond.

Figure-8 Pond is about one-quarter of a mile long and one-
eighth wide, shaped roughly like the figure 8. It has a solid
sand bottom, deepening more rapidly than other ponds visited,
being waist deep four or five feet from shore. Grassy sedges,
shoulder high, grow from the water's edge out into the water
for a distance of five or six feet. Then, within this zone, is a
clear water zone eight to twelve feet wide, within which is
another belt of vegetation several feet wide and rising above
the water one or two feet. There are no bushes in the water
and no marsh. The banks from the water's edge are steep
sand with sparse dead grass and scattered young pines two
to ten feet high. All around the pond the higher ground had
been recently burned over but fire had reached the pond only
at a few points, leaving some green pines near the water's
edge.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 17

Jesseana was usually over the shore-bordering zone of
sedges, alighting on stems and leaves, and, when back from
the water, on the bare twigs of the burned pines. It is very-
wary and difficult to approach, and is a good dodger either
when at rest or on the wing. In general habits it mostly
resembles L. auripennis. Other species associated with jess-
eona were Tramca Carolina, Coryphaeschna ingens, Ana.r
longipcs, a Progoinpluts, and Enallagma doubledayi.

The question whether jesscana might not be a hybrid of
auripennis and some other species naturally suggested itself.
Libellulas generally are of wide distribution and their habits'
as imagoes render them conspicuous. No new species has
been added to the eastern North American fauna in over fifty
years, and the discovery of an undescribed species in Florida
was a great surprise. At first I was inclined to regard it as a
hybrid, but on farther study I have abandoned this opinion.
Its general appearance, due to wing coloration, at once sug-
gests auripennis. Dr. Calvert and Dr. Ris, writing indepen-
dently, see something of flavlda in it. but neither attributes this
to hybridization and Dr. Ris especially is convinced it is not a
hybrid. Dr. Kennedy also considers it specifically distinct
and not a hybrid. In its restricted distribution and its sug-
gestive synthesis of characters jesscana resembles another drag-
onfly in another subfamily which I know well. Macrouiia
ivabasJicnsis is known only along two or three miles of the
Wabash River near Bluffton, Indiana, where it has been
found continuously from 1902 to 1921. In characters it is
just what one might expect from the crossing of M. tacniolata
and M. pacifica, both of which species, as well as M. illinoicn-
sis, occur on the same stretch of river. If wdbashensis is a
hybrid it has certainly held its own for at least twenty years.
It is possible that failure to record it elsewhere may be due
to lack of collecting. This last factor can hardly be used to
explain the limited known distribution of L. jesscana. It
remains to be seen if jesscana maintains itself and is able to
extend its range from the single small lake where it is now
known to occur.

18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

Other species of Libellula collected by J. H. W. are listed
below. Species of Ladona are not included in this paper. A
few specimens collected in 1904, 1906 and 1908, by Mrs. Stella
Beam, and in 1911 and 1913 by L. A. Williamson are also
recorded. All notes on habits and captures are from J. H.
W.'s field notes.

Libellula auripennis Burmeister, West Palm Beach, February
24, 1904, teneral female (Deam) ; Salt Lake, near St. Petersburg, April
21, 1908, female (Deam) ; March 26, 1913, three teneral males (L. A.
W.) ; Sarasota, April 4, 1911, two males, two females (L. A. W.) ;
Taxambas, Ft. Myers, Labelle, Moore Haven, Palmdale, Miami and
Enterprise, forty males and thirty-nine females, tenerals and adults at
each location. Kathwood, South Carolina, a single teneral male.

Auripennis is found scattered over fields and pastures, often
far from water. Adult males with red abdomens flew swiftly
over or near open streams in fields. Adults difficult to catch.
Some, but not all, of the males from Enterprise have the wings
more extensively reddish yellow than any other specimens in
the collection. In this character they approach but do not
reach the intensity of L. jesseana. Otherwise they are typical
auripennis.

Libellula incesta Hagen. Labelle, fifteen males, one female;
Palmdale, thirty-six males, fifteen females; Enterprise, one male, one
female. Found on wooded part of Pollywog Creek at Labelle and of
Fisheating Creek at Palmdale, and seen nowhere else about these two
towns.

Of the seventeen females in the collection all but two have a distinct
dark postnodal streak between C and R. Tt is also present in about
one-half of the males. In both sexes it varies from entirely absent,
through faintly present to clearly present and. finally, in the most
extreme cases, it becomes a continuous brown streak from nodus to
stigma. The streak is darkest in tenerals of both sexes, but all tenerals
do not have it ; the darkest specimens seen are teneral females. This
wing marking is not therefore entirely sexual or ontogenetic, though it
tends to be both, being darker in females ami in tenerals.

Libellula axilena Westwood. Daytona Beach, March 20, 1906,
one female (Deam) ; St. Petersburg, March 13 and 22, 1913, one male
and three females, all very teneral (L. A. W.) ; Fort Alyers, Labelle,
Palmdale and Enterprise, fourteen males and nine females.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 19

All the specimens of axilena are young with the teneral body color
pattern distinct, and the postnodal wing streak between C and R and
nodal spots are present in every specimen. In every specimen but one
the brown area about the metastigma is continuous with the brown area
anterior to it. In every case the brown stripe on the second lateral
suture is wider than in znbrans, and between this stripe and the dorsal
thoracic dark area, on the side of the thorax above, is a triangular
brown area which is entirely wanting in ribraus. In ribrans the post-
nodal wing streak is present in one female, faintly present in two
males and two females, and absent in nineteen males and fourteen
females. In every case the brown area surrounding the metastigma is
separated from the dark area anterior to it, and the sides of the thorax
above, between the humeral and second lateral sutures, are entirely pale.

The color pattern of the thorax as well as the pale face and
frons thus separate vibrans certainly from axilena.

At Fort Myers, flying about and alighting on dried vege-
tation in the sun along a fence separating a cemetery and
orange grove. This species and vibrans were not recognized
as distinct when captured and it is impossible now to state
definitely any difference in habitats. In L. A. W.'s material
collected at St. Petersburg, March 22, a male of vibrans and
a female of incesta are papered in the same envelope. His
other specimens of axilena were taken on March 13, three and
one-half miles southwest of St. Petersburg, while his twelve
specimens of vibrans were taken on March 22, four miles
southwest of town. J. H. W. collected axilena on thirteen
days and vibrans on ten days in Florida. On four different
days he took both species, on nine days he caught axilena and
not vibrans. and on six days vibrans but not axilena. Both
species certainly occurred in the same creek-enclosing wood-
lands at Palmdale and Enterprise, but were not found on the
creeks themselves. Apparently axilena frequented more open
spots and the edges of forests, while vibrans preferred denser
forest.

Libellula vibrans Fabricius. St. Petersburg, March 22. 1913, five
males and seven females, all teneral (L. A. W.) ; Port Orange, March
16, 1906, one male, one female (Deam) ; New Smyrna, April 24. 1'MK,.
one male (Deam) ; Fort Myers, Labellc, Palmdale and Knterpri^e.
fourteen males and eight females; Kathwood, South Carolina, two
males. For notes see above under axilena.

20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

List of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of North Carolina.

By C. S. BRIMLEY, Div. of Entomology, N. C. Dept. of

Agriculture.

The following list includes all those species of Tachinidae
which are known to us to have been recorded from North
Carolina.

Most of them have been collected by members of the Ento-
mological Division of the State Department of Agriculture,
and the collector's initials follow the records attributed to
each. The names of those contributing to the list are Frank-
lin Sherman, Chief in Entomology for the last twenty years ;
G. M. Bentley, C. S. Brimley, J. E. Eckert, C. O. Houghton,
R. W. Leiby, C. L. Metcalf, Z. P. Metcalf, T. B. Mitchell, and
R. S. Woglum, his assistants at various periods. Other rec-
ords have been contributed by Mr. C. W. Johnson, of the Bos-
ton Society of Natural History, and some by Mr. Max Kisliuk,
Jr., now with the Federal Horticultural Board.

The flies of this family have been identified for us in the
past by the late Mr. D. W. Coquillett, and by Professor O. A.
Johannsen, and more recently by Prof. J. M. Aldrich, to all
of whom our thanks are due. These gentlemen are respon-
sible for over three-fourths of the names on the list, while I
am accountable for the remainder, mostly conspicuous, well
defined forms.

Several names in the list are given with the generic name
only or as near such a species. These were all given by Prof.
Aldrich as being probably new species.

Undoubtedly the list is far from complete, and it is quite
likely that it is not wholly free from error, still we believe it
to be a creditable beginning.

ACEMYIA DENTATA Coq. Raleigh, late March, 1913, CLM ; Linvillo
Falls, early June, 1920, FS ; Onslow Co., late March, 1920, MRS.

ADMONTIA DEGEERIOIDES Coq. Raleigh, mid September; Swannanoa
Oct. 5, 1915; mid July, 1919, RWL.

ALOPHORA FENESTRATA Bigot. Raleigh, early April, one, CSB.

ALOPHORA FUMOSA Coq. Hot Springs, Mrs. A. T. Slosson.

ALOPHORA GRANDIS Coq. Raleigh, late March, mid and late October,
four males; early May, 1920, one female, CSB; Laurinburg, Sept. 11,

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21

1920, male, TBM ; EHzabethtown, early November, 1920, three males,
TBM.

ALOPHORA SPLENDIDA Coq. Blowing Rock, September 4, 1915, RWL.
ARCHYTAS ANALIS Fab. Whole state, May to early November ; has
been bred from army worm in Haywood and Beaufort Counties in
August and September by Mr. Sherman and Mr. Leihy.

ARCHYTAS ATERRIMA Desv. Whole state, mid April to early No-
vember. Has been bred from fall webworm at Raleigh, July 25, 1907,
CSB.

ARCHYTAS HYSTRIX Fab. Raleigh, Lumberton, Southern Pines,
Thomasville, late June to early September. Has been bred from
Datana perspicua at Raleigh, June 24, July 5, 1918, CSB.

ARCHYTAS LATERALIS Macq. North Carolina, Coquillett, Rev. Tachi-
nidae, p. 143.

ATACTA BRASILIENSIS Schiner. Raleigh, July 25, 1906, CSB.
ARGYROPHYLAX (sp.). Raleigh, Sept., one, CSB.

BELVOSIA BIFASCIATA Fabr. Lumberton, Southern Pines, Raleigh,
Hendersonville, and Lake Toxoway, mid May to late October. Has
been bred from Cithcronia rci/alis. Basilona inipcrialis, Anisota scna-
tnria, and Ceratomia undnlosa.

BELVOSIA UNIFASCIATA Desv. Lake Ellis, Terra Ceia, Raleigh, Crab-
tree, and Spruce, mid May to late October. Bred from army worm in
Haywood (mid August, 1914, FS), and Beaufort (late August and early
September, 1919, RWL) Counties.

BESKIA AELOPS Walker. Raleigh, June 15, 1906, CSB; Sept. 26, 1917,
RWL; Stem, early October, 1908, ZPM.

BLEPHARIPEZA ADUSTA Loew. Raleigh, late Marcli and mid April,
CSB.

BLEPHARIPEZA LEUCOPHRYS Wied. Blowing Rock, Sept. 15, 1915, FS.
BOMBYLIOMYIA ABRUPTA Wied. Blowing Rock, Grandfather Moun-
tain and Highlands, all in September, and Grandfather Mt., also in
late July. Ranges to over 5,000 ft. elevation.

CHAETOGAEDIA ANALIS V. d. W. Grandfather Mt., August, 1906,
RSW.

CHAETOGAEDIA CREBRA V. d. W. Raleigh, mid November, 1911, CSB.
CHAETOPHLEPS SETOSA Coq. Raleigh, late June, 1912, CLM.
CHAETOPLAGIA ATRIPENNIS Coq. Raleigh, late July, one, CSB.
CISTOGASTER iMMACULATA Macq. Raleigh, late April to early August,
common, CSB; Charlotte, early June, 1902, FS ; Fayetteville, late May,
1920, CSB; Jefferson, mid September, 1912, FS.
CLAUSICELLA USITATA Coq. Wilmington, mid May, 1905, FS.
CUPHOCERA FUCATA V. d. W. Raleigh, late Juno, 1920, CSB.
CRYPTOMEIGENIA THEUTIS Walker. Raleigh, April 5, 1901, FS ; April
13, 1906, CSB; Black Mts., late May, 1911, FS.

DIXKKA FUTILIS Smith. Highlands, Sept., 1906, FS.

22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

•

DISTICHONA AURICEPS Coq. Raleigh, mid Sept., CSB ; Blowing Rock,
Sept. 9, 1909, ZPM.

DISTICHONA VARIA V. d. W. Raleigh, late June to mid Sept., CSB;
Charlotte, late June, 1902, FS.

DORYPHOROPHAGA ABERRANs Twnd. Swannanoa, mid July, 1919,
RWL.

DORYPHOROPHAGA DORYPHORAE Riley. Terra Ceia, Aug. 24, 1919,
RWL.

ECHINOMYIA DAKOTENSIS Twnd. Raleigh, late Sept., 1915, early
Oct., 1919, CSB; Highlands, early and mid Sept., 1906, RSW; Yonah-
losse Road, Sept. 10, 1908, ZPM.

ECHINOMYIA FLORUM Walker. Raleigh, late April, early Alay, Sept.,
CSB; Southern Pines, April, 1901, FS ; Gibson, Oct. 12, 1920, and
Elizabethtown, Nov. 5, 1920, TBM.

EPALPUS SIGNIFERUS Walker. Raleigh, early Aug , CSB ; Norlina,
late April, 1905, FS ; Craggy Mt., June 8, 1916, RWL ; Linville Falls,
early June, 1920, FS.

EPIGRYMIA FLORIDENSIS Twnd. Raleigh, mid July. 1912, CLM.

ERVIA TRIQUETRA Oliv. Raleigh, early Sept., 1916, FS ; Southern
Pines, June 6, 1906, RSW.

EULASIONA (sp.). Linville Falls, late May, 1920, FS.

EUPHOROCERA FLORIDENSIS Twnd. Terra Ceia, bred from pupae green
clover worm, August and September, 1919, RWL.

EUTHERA TENTATRIX Loew. Swannanoa, Oct. 5, 1915, RWL.

EXORISTA BOARMIAE Coq. Plymouth, bred from Acrobasis nubilclla,
RWL; bred from green clover worm pupae at Terra Ceia (Aug.-Sept.,
1919, RWL), and at Elizabeth City (Aug.-Sept., 1919, FS).

EXORISTA EUDRYAE Twnd. Raleigh, bred from larvae Euthisanotia
i/nita, June 14, 1907; from cocoon Estigmcne acrea, May 8, 1918, and
from larvae Euthisanotia unio, May 8, 1918, CSB: taken late June,
1915, CSB.

EXORISTA FLAVIROSTRIS V. d. W. Raleigh, bred from cocoon Lagoa
crispata, June 6, 1906, CSB.

EXORISTA FUTILIS O. S. Raleigh, late April, mid June, CSB.

EXORISTA GRISEOMICANS V. d. W. Raleigh, early June, 1904, bred
from cocoon Lagoa crispata, FS ; early Sept., 1912, bred from fall
army worm, CLM.

EXORISTA LOBELIAE Coq. Raleigh, early July, 1907.

EXORISTA PYSTE Walker. Raleigh, late Oct., CSB; Milbrook, bred
from Acrobasis caryac, June, 1917, RWL; Roper, June 5, 1917, bred
from A. caryac and A. ncbnlclla, RWL; Burgaw, June, 1917, and Plym-
outh, June, 1916, bred from A. ncbnlclla at both places, R\VL.

EXORISTA SETINERVIS Coq. Raleigh, late July, FS.

EXORISTA SLOSSONAE Coq. Raleigh, mid July, 1914, CLM.

EXORISTOIDES JOHNSONI Coq. Raleigh, May, Sept. 23, 1920, CSB;
Hertford County, Coquillett, Rev. Tachinidac, p. 91.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23

FRONTINA ALETIAK Riley. Raleigh, July, Sept., bred from fall web-
worm, CSB: Terra Ceia, Aug.-Sept., 1919, bred from pupae green
clover worm, RWL; Elizabeth City, mid Aug., 1919, FS.

FRONTINA near ALETIAE, but palpi black. Raleigh, June, CSB.
FRONTINA FRENCHII Will. Raleigh, common parasite of the over-
wintering cocoons of the Polyphemus moth, adults emerging from
late April to early August, the maggots overwintering within the
cocoon and boring their way out at various times during spring and
summer to pupate; occasionally they pupate within the cocoons of
their host and perish, CSB ; bred from tent caterpillar at Milbrook,
May, 1915, RWL; Blowing Rock, Sept., 1915, FS.

FRONTINA VIOLENTA Walker. Raleigh, bred from larvae of Pholus
achcmon, in late Sept., 1914, and early Oct., 1915, CSB.

GAEDIOPSIS OCELLARIS Coq. Early May and late Oct., 1920, CSB.
GONIA CAPITATA DeG.' Raleigh, late March to early May, not un-
common, CSB; Southern Pines, March 20, 1905, FS; Southport, April
6, 1914, CLM; Lake Waccamaw, April 1, 1914, CLM.

GONIA SENILIS Will. Raleigh, June, Oct., FS and CSB ; Kingsboro,
early Oct., 1919, MRS.

GVMNOCHAETA ALCEoo Loew. Black Mt., late May, 1910, FS ; Hen-
dersonville, June, 1907, FS.

GYMNOSOMA FULIGINOSA Desv. Raleigh, Hillsboro, Blowing Rock,
Swannanoa and Linville Falls, early May to mid November, not un-
common.

HEMYDA AURATA Desv. Raleigh, late Sept., late Oct., CSB ; Linville
Falls, early June, 1920, FS.

HILARELLA FULVicORNis Coq. Murf reesboro, June 9, 1895, CWJ.
HYALOMYODES TRIANGULIFER Loew. Raleigh, Nov. 9, 1920, CSB ;
Highlands, Sept. 9, 1920, TBM.

HYPOCHAETA LONGICORNIS Schiner. Raleigh, Sept. 17, 1906, bred
from Melittia satyrimformis, CSB; Sept. 29, 1920, CSB.
HYPOSTENA DUNNINGI Coq. Revision Tachinidae, p. 60.
HYPOSTENA FLAVEOLA Coq. L. c., p. 61.
HYPOSTENA FLORIDENSIS Twnd. L. c., p. 62.

JURINIA ADUSTA V. d. W. Blowing Rock, Aug. 24, 1902, FS ; Waynes-
Aille, Sept. 9, 1919, JEE.

LESKIOMIMA TENERA Wied. Raleigh, June 14, 1906; late July, CSB.
LEUCOSTOMA SENILIS Twnd. Murf reesboro, early June, 1895, CWJ.
LEUCOSTOMA ATRA Twnd. Lake Waccamaw, Sept. 20, 1915, RWL;
Highlands, Sept. 5, 1920, TBM.

LINNAEMVIA COMTA Fallen. Raleigh, early June to late Nov., not
uncommon; also taken at Murfreesboro, Hendersonville, Blowing Rock,
Swannanoa and Wilmington.

M \CQUARTIA PRISTIS Walker. Spruce, Jun<>, 1911, several, FS.
M. \SICKRA ALBIFACIES Twnd. Raleigh, Aug. 15, 1901, bred from
l,t>.\'(>stc<ic mancalis, CSB.

24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

MASICERA EUFITCHIAE Twnd. Linville Falls, late May and early June,
1920, several, FS.

MASICERA EXILIS Coq. Elizabeth City, bred from tortoise beetle
larva (Coptocycla clarata), Aug. 22, 1919, FS.

MASIPHYA BRASILIANA B. & B. Raleigh, June li, 1906, late June,
1920, CSB.

METAPLAGIA OCCIDENTALIS Coq. Raleigh, July 26, Aug. 4, 1906, bred
from boll worm (Heliothis obscurus), CSB.

METOPIA LEUCOCEPHALA Rossi. Raleigh, mid Oct., 1904, GMB;
Southern Pines, late April, 1905, GMB; Pendleton, early June, 1895,
CWJ.

MICROPHTHALMA DisjUNCTA Wied. Murfreesboro, June 9, 1895,
CWJ ; Greensboro, Aug. 25, 1902, FS ; Blowing Rock, Aug., 1906, FS ;
Black Mts., July 18, 1919, RWL; Grandfather Mt., early Sept., 1915,
FS ; ranges up to 5,000 ft.

MYIOPHASIA AENEA Wied. Raleigh, Gibson, Elrod, Boardman, Aug-
ust, September and October ; Charlotte, early June, 1902, FS ; not
uncommon.

NEOPHYTO SETOSA Coq. Raleigh, mid April, CSB ; Spruce, late
May, FS.

OCYPTERA ARGENTATA Twnd. Beaufort, mid June, 1903, FS.

OCYPTERA CAROLINAE Desv. Raleigh, Spruce, Swannanoa, Murfrees-
boro and Elizabeth City, early June to early September ; not uncommon.

OESTROPHASIA CALVA Coq. Raleigh, May 25, 1905. FS ; June, CSB.

PACHYOPHTHALMUS SIGNATUS Meigen. Raleigh, mid July, 1912,
CLM ; March 29, 1920, bred from mud cell of Eumenid wasp, MRS ;
Jefferson, mid Sept., 1913, CLM.

PANZERIA AMPELUS Walker. Raleigh, early and mid April, CSB;
Southport, April 6, 1914, CLM; Spruce, late May, 1912, and June,
1911, FS; Blowing Rock, Sept. 4, 1915, RWL; Highlands, Sept., 1906,
RSW; Blantyre, Sept., 1906, RSW.

PARACHAETA EICOLOR Macq. Spruce, June, 1911, FS.

PARADEXODES (sp.). Swannanoa, mid July, 1919, RWL.

PARADIDYMA SINGULARIS Twnd. Raleigh, Oct. 9, 1920, CSB; Wil-
mington, April 15, 1919, MK.

PELETERIA ROBUSTA Wied. Raleigh, June 13, 1907, CSB; Blowing
Rock, late July, 1904, FS ; Sept. 4, 1915, RWL; Sept., 1918, FS; Eliza-
hethtown, Nov. 5, 1920, three, TBM.

PELETERIA TESSELLATA Fabr. Blowing Rock, late August, 1902, COH.

PHORANTHA PURPURASCENS Twnd. Elizabethtown, Nov. 5, 1920,
TBM.

PHOROCERA CLARIPENNIS Macq. Has been bred at Raleigh from

.pupae of Ceratomia undulosa (Aug. 14, 15, 1911, CSB); Datana intc-

iicn-ima (Aug. 2, 1916, RWL; Aug. 16, 1920, CSB) ; Mclalopha inclnsa

(Aug. 11. 1915, CSB) ; sawfly, Lophyrus (April, 1912, CSB) ; cutworm,

Fcllia subgothica (June 11, 1920, CSB) ; at Milbrook, from apple tree

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 25

tent caterpillar, late May, 1915, RWL ; at Crabtree from army \vorm
(Aug. 15, 1914, FS) ; at Wilmington, from fall army worm (July
26-28, 1920, CSB) ; at Terra Ceia from army worm and green clover
worm (Ang.-Sept., 1919, R\YL). and from army worm at Xeuse (mid
Aug., 1914, FS). Also taken at Beaufort and Swannanoa in July and
August.

PHOROCERA COMSTOCKI Will. Raleigh, bred from Cossula nui</nifn'(i,
June 19, 1916, RWL.

PHOROCERA EINARIS Smith. Elizabeth City, late August, 1919, FS ;
Spruce, late May, 1912, CSB.

PHOROCERA LEUCANIAE Coq. Raleigh, mid Aug., 1903, FS ; mid
June, 1914, CLM.

PHOROCERA TORTRICIS Coq. Raleigh, mid June, 1914.
PLAGIA AMERICANA V. d. W. Raleigh, Nov. 6, 1920, CSB.
PSEUDOCHAETA ARGENTiFRONS Coq. Raleigh, bred from Lo.rostcgc
mancalis. Aug. 14, 1906, CSB.

PSEUDOTACHINOMYIA WEBKERi Smith. Linville Falls, late July, 1920,
several, FS.

SCHIZOCEROPHAGA LEJBYi Twnd. Aydlett, Currituck Co., bred from
sawfly larvae (Schisocerus priratus), July 31, 1915, RWI..

SENOTAINIA RUBRIVENTRIS Macq. Pendleton, June 7, 1895, CWJ;
Charlotte, early June, 1902, FS.

SENOTAINIA TRILINEATA V. d. W. Raleigh, May, 1910, CSB; early
and mid July, 1914, CLM; Elizabeth City, mid Aug., 1919, FS ; Fayette-
ville, late May, 1920, CSB.

SIPHONA GENICULATA DeG. Hendersonville, July. 1907, FS.
SIPHOPI.AGIA ANOMALA Twnd. Raleigh, early Oct., 1912; mid Oct.,
mid Sept., 1920, CSB; Elrod, Sept. 24, 1915, RWL.

SIPHOSTURMIA ROSTRATA Coq. Raleigh, Oct. 14, 1902, GMB.
SPALLANZANIA IIEBES Fallen. Raleigh, late Sept., CSB ; early Oct.,
FS; Swannanoa, July 10, 1913, CLM.

SPALLANZANIA HESPERIDARUM Will. Highlands. July 5, 1906, FS ;
Jefferson, mid Aug., 1907, mid Sept., 1912, FS.

STURMIA ALBIFRONS Walker. Raleigh, late June, 1907, ZPM.
STURMIA DISTINCTA Wied. Raleigh, July 11, 1913, bred from full
grown larva Phlcycthontius quinquemaculatus, mid July; bred from
larva Phlegethontius sexta, Oct. 26, 1920, two males, CSB.

SfritMiA iRAunuLENTA V. d. W. Raleigh, June 4, 1907, CSB.
STURMIA INQUIXATA V. d. W. Raleigh, bred from larvae of Phlege-
thontius citnjulatus, July 20, 1906, mid Aug., 1910 (42 from one larva),
late July, 1910 (about 30 from one larva), and from pupa of Ccrutomia
(sp.), probably inuiulosa. May 8, 1918, CSB.
STURMIA PHYCIODIS Coq. Raleigh, mid July, 1912, CLM.
STURMIA PILATEI Coq. Lake Waccamaw, Sept. 20, 1915, RWI..
STURMIA s TRIG AT A V. d. W. Raleigh. July. August, bred from I.oxo-
mancalis, CSB.

26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

TACHINA MEI.LA Walker. Raleigh, April 8, 1908, CSB; Milbrook,
late May, 1915, bred from apple tree tent caterpillar, RWL; Murfrees-
boro, June 9, 1895, CWJ.

TACHINA ROBCSTA Twnd. Hendersonville, June, 1907, FS; Spruce,
late May, 1912, FS ; Linville Falls, early June, 1920, FS.

TACHINA RUSTICA Fallen. Blowing Rock, Sept. °, 1909, ZPM.

TACHINAPHYTO VARIABILIS Twnd. Swannanoa, July 10, 1913, CLM.

TACHINAPHYTO (sp.). Raleigh, Sept. 29, 1920, five, CSB.

TRICHOPHORA RUFICAUDA V. d. W. Raleigh, Hendersonville, Hot
Springs, Lake Waccamaw, Elizabeth City, late April to late October,
rather common.

TRICHOPODA FORMOSA Wied. Hendersonville, June, 1907; Aquone,
mid May, 1901, FS.

TRICHOPODA LANIPES Fab. Raleigh, mid June to early August, CSB.

TRICHOPODA PENNIPES Fab. Raleigh, Cranberry, Linville, Southern
Pines, Lake Waccamaw, late May to September, common.

TRICHOPODA PLUMIPES Fabr. Raleigh, late June, early Aug., CSB ;
late July, 1912, CLM; Kittrell, July 15, 1919, TBM.

TRICHOPODA RADIATA Loew. Raleigh, mid July and early August,
CLAI and CSB.

WINTHEMIA QUADRIPUSTULATA Fab. Has been bred from army worm
at Durham, Crabtree, Neuse, Terra Ceia, from fall army worm at Eden-
ton, and from larva of Perigaea sutor at Raleigh. Other localities :
Elizabeth City, Blowing Rock, Swannanoa, Black Mt., with a seasonal
range of May to October.

WINTHEMIA (sp.). Linville Falls, late May. 1920, FS.

XANTHOMELAENA ARCUATA Say. Hot Springs, Mrs. Slosson.

XANTHOMELAENA ATRIPENNIS Say. Raleigh, early August, FS; late
June, 1920, CSB; Blowing Rock, Sept., 1915, FS ; Aug. 29, 1902, FS ;
Elizabethtown, Nov. 5, 1920, TBM.

YPOPHAEMYIA MALACOSOMAE Twnd. Millbrook, bred from tent cater-
pillar, May, 1915-6, RWL.

Some Cases of Aberrant Oviposition in

Butterflies (Lep.)-
By W. BUTIIN, St. Clair Experiment Station, Port of Spain,

Trinidad, B. W. I.

When in Ecuador in 1920, I was the puzzled observer of
strangely perverted ovipositing habits on the part of three
widely differing species of Butterflies ; the abnormality of which
I speak I had never noticed previously nor have I ever heard
it remarked upon. In collecting wood-boring larvae I was
examining some newly felled forest trees, locally called

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27

"karuni" ; although recently felled, the hark of these trees
came off easily in large slabs, exposing the inner surface,
which was covered with stagnated sap which had attained a
condition of slimy fermentation, emitting a strong, acrid odor ;
attracted by this a Perodromia, the pattern of whose wings
resembled tesselae of malachite and turquoise irregularly
veined with black, settled on the trunk and began to imbibe
of the liquid sap ; a few moments later there also arrived to
the feast a stately Prepona, also of a species which I have
been quite unable to find described ; this butterfly, in contra-
distinction to the former, sat with its wings folded, displaying
the undersides of rich and deep, yet delicate shadings of dres-
den brown, cinnamon, russet and olive-gray, pencilled with
blue-black and smoky maroon ; very soon these two first com-
ers were joined by a butterfly which quickly flew away again
and which I took to be a CaUithca, one or two Hesperidae,
a large Callidryas resplendent in orange red and orange yellow,
and strangely enough a Heliconiits cyrbia which, after taking
a few sips, sailed around the spot a few moments displaying
its lovely wings of azurite blue, shading to black with crimson
bands and white edged hind margins and then, to my great
surprise, again alighted on the wet trunk and deposited eight
eggs on the viscous timber. Unfortunately a heavy shower
of rain now came on and the butterflies were driven away by
the downpour.

The next day, being still in the same locality, I stripped
off some more pieces of the bark and again a rather diversified
congregation of insects resulted — a Zconia, with tails as long
as its own iridescent, transparent, scarlet blotched wings ; a
few Gynaecia dirce, one or two Catagrammas in golden brown,
garnet and carmine, a large Adelpha, which, like the Callithca.
however, did not remain long; an Evcnus (rcgalis?) displayed
its glorious scintillating, golden-green, peacock-blue and pur-
ple banded under surfaces; one of the locally numerous and
varied Morphos for a short while settled, slowly opening
and closing its great wings of profound, yet radiant blue
changing with position to purples, and silvery-green ; and
again two unlikely butterflies that strangely enough, oviposited

28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

on the tree trunk itself in spite of its utter unsuitability for
larval existence ; these were Papilio epenetus and what I took
to be an Agrias, like the Prepona, the only one of its species
I ever saw. In all instances the ova were deposited in a close
group. I have seen the Hcliconiits and the Papilio ovipositing
under natural conditions on Passiliora sp. and Citrus decum-ani
respectively; the former deposits a single egg on the tip of a
separate leaf ; I never found more than one egg to a leaf.
The Papilio, on the other hand, places its score or so of eggs
in a close group ; an Agrias of differing species, that I had
been fortunate enough to observe, placed its eggs quite sepa-
rately on the under sides of the leaves. In addition to the
above perhaps interesting subject, I may be allowed to men-
tion superficially one or two other insects attracted by the
odor of the fermenting sap — two were very prominent — a fine
Elater of silvery gray with a longitudinal red line at each side
of the thorax and elytra, and black lines in centre and a lively
Wasp with a sparkling green-blue body and shining bronze
wings ; early one morning a great "Harlequin" Beetle (Macro-
pus longinianus} hanging on by its six- inch long forelegs
after, presumably, a night's debauch, its grotesquely designed
body markings of stripes and curved blotches in red, black and
sage-green, making it a very conspicuous object. Another
solitary and very large visitor was a giant locust of the genus
Tropidacris ; its crimson and black \vings gave a spread of
nine inches, with body and legs in proportion. In fair number,
but making only a very short visit, came a colossal wasp, a
Sceliphron (apparently near nigripes}, but seeming to appre-
ciate more the flowers of a Cacsalpina coriaria nearby. In
much larger numbers came the black stingless Bees and cer-
tain Sarcophagidae and Muscidae. Ants, strangely enough,
were uninfluenced by the attraction.

On several occasions thereafter I tried the stripping of bark
in places where Insect life was intensely abundant in num-
bers and very varied in species, but either the sap was not at
the right stage of ripeness or the trees were not of the proper
species, as all that resulted were Hesperidae, of course, and
the equally expected Callidryas and Satyrinae.

I expect to return to the same localities again shortly and
this time, having more fixed headquarters, I shall install a
complete outfit of breeding cages for rearing the imagines and
for making colored drawings of the metamorphoses of all pro-
curable species of the splendid and little known Lepidoptera
of this difficult, very unhealthy and therefore practically
unmapped and entomologically unexplored country.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1922.

The Boundless Field of Entomology

With the present number the NEWS begins its thirty-third
annual volume and closely approaches its third of a century
of existence. Many changes in entomological work and out-
look have taken place in the years since the first issue of this
journal. Like politics and trade, entomology has become more
international and the insects of Asia and Africa intrude upon
the American as do the wares of the Orient and measures for
the relief of the Near East. We cannot shut out the rest of
the world entomologically, even if we would.

Far from having catalogued the insects of the United States,
we see an endless vista of new forms to be distinguished, even
in parts of our country supposedly well known. "Species,"
which the entomologists of that day regarded as well estab-
lished, have been split up into two or many forms. The limits
of supposed infra-specific variation have been contracted and
every difference between individuals assumes an importance
which our predecessors disregarded or esteemed of little
worth.

In every sub-division of our science the data are insuffi-
cient and the conclusions drawn from them of doubtful or
temporary value. There is a superabundance of opportunity
for him and for her who will study insects intensively and

extensively.

— «» —

The NEWS takes this opportunity of thanking all those who
came to its aid by subscribing to the volume for 1921 at the
increased price. While this price still holds for 1922, we think
that signs are appearing looking toward a lessening of publica-
tion costs. When realized, this decrease will be placed to the
advantage of our subscribers.

29

30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The? numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology,'see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

10— Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,
D. C. 12 — Journal of Economic Entomology, Concord, N. H. 19—
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 33 — Annales de la
Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels. 36— Transactions of
the Entomological Society of London. 38 — Redia, Firenze, Italy.
41— Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique Suisse, Bern. 49— Ento-
mologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 57 — Biologisches Zentral-
oiatt, Leipzig. 59 — Journal of Agricultural Research, Washington,
D. C. 61 — Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. San
Francisco. 76 — Nature, London. 78— Bulletin Biologique de la
^ ranee et de la Belgique, Paris. 85 — The Journal of Experimental
Zoology, Philadelphia. 96— Physis. Revista de la Sociedad Argen-
tina dc Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires. Ill — Archiv fur Natur-
geschichte, Berlin. 118 — Die Naturwissenschaften, Berlin. 123—
Zeitschrift fur Induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungslehre, Leip-
zig. 129 — The Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley, Surrey, Eng-
land.

GENERAL. Bell, E. L.— Collecting notes. 19, xvi, 96-7. Gif-
ford, J. W.— Bee-sting and eyesight. 76, cviii, 370. Hanna, G. D.-
Insects of the Priblof islands, Alaska. Introduction. 61, xi, 153-5.
Sasscer, E. R.— Important insects collected on imported nursery
stock in 1920. 12, xiv, 353-55. Talbot, G.— The Hill museum, Sur-
rey, England. 129, i, 1-15. Van Duzee, E. P.— Orthoptera, Neu-
roptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera from the Pribilof islands,
Alaska. 61, xi, 193-5.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Butschli, O.— Yorlesungen
iH'ber vcrgleichende anatomic. III. Sinnesorganc und leuchtorgane.
r, i:;-931. Berlin. Carpentier, F. — Pterothorax et prothorax. Etude
des segments thoraciques d'un orthoptere. 33, Ixi, 337-43. Car-

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31

penter, G. D. H. — Experiments on the relative edibility of insects,
with special reference to their coloration. 36, 1921, 1-105. Lenz, F.
— Alternative modifikationen bei schmetterlingen. 128, xviii, 93-103.
Malloch, A. — Metallic coloration of chrysalids. 76, cviii, 302-3. Mid-
dleton, W. — Some suggested homologies between larvae and adults
in sawflies. 10, xxiii, 373-92. Onslow, H. — Metallic coloration of
chrysalids. 76, cviii, 366. Rabaud, E. — L'adaptation et 1'instinct des
Cassides. 78, Iv, 153-83. Ruschkamp, P. F. — Wheelers trophallaxis
und ursprung der insektenstaaten. 57, xli, 481-94. Seller, J. — Ge-
schlechtschromosomenuntersuchungen an Psychiden. 128, xviii,
81-92. Tanzer, E. — Morphogenetische untersuchungen und beobach-
tungen an Culiciden-larven. Ill, 1921, A, 7, 136-82. Terao, A. — A
preliminary note on the structure of Hancock's gland of Oecanthus.
(Annot. Zool. Japon, x, 41-4.) Zeleny, C. — The direction and fre-
quency of mutation in the bar-eye series of multiple allelomorphs of
Drosophila. 85, xxxiv, 203-33. Die ruckbildung der augen durch
mutation bei Drosophila. 118, xx, 648-50.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Berlese, A.— Centuria quinta di Acari
nuovi. 38, xiv, 143-95.

NEUROPTERA. Ulmer, G.— Ueber einige Ephemeropteren-
typen alterer autoren. Ill, 1921, A, 6, 228-67.

Watson, J. R. — New Thysanoptera from New York. 19, xvi, 78-86.

HEMIPTERA. Doane, R. W.— The Stanford collection of Cocci-
dae. 12, xiv, 306. Parshley, H. M. — On the genus Microvelia. 19,
xvi, 87-93. Pennington, M. S. — Notas sobre Coreidos argentinos.
96, v, 28-39.

Knight, H. H. — A new species of Bolteria (Miridae). 19, xvi,
73-4.

LEPIDOPTERA. Engelhardt, G. P.— Foodplant of Luperina
passer. 19, xvi, 86-7. Giacomelli, E. — Sobre un caso de albinismo
(?) en "Dione vanillae." (Nymphalidae.) 96, v, 64-6. Hering, M.—
Die geographische verbreitung der Libytheiden. Ill, 1921, A, 4,
248-96.

DIPTERA. Headlee, T. J.— The mosquitoes of New Jersey and
their control. (New Jersey Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 348, 229 pp.)
Hoffman, W. A. — An early record regarding bot flies. 12, xiv, 374.
Peryassu, A. G. — Os Anophelineos do Brasil. (Arch. Mus. Nac.,
Rio de Janeiro, xxiii, 9-104.) Shannon, R. C. — A reclassification of
the subfamilies and genera of the North American Syrphidae. 19,
xvi, 65-72.

Alexander, C. P. — Dipterous insects of the family Tipulidae from
the Pribilof islands, Alaska. 61, xi. 183-4. Cole, F. R. — Diptera from

32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '22

the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. 61, xi, 169-77. Felt, E. P.— The number
of antennal segments in gall midges and a new species. 19, xvi, 93-6.
Johnson, C. W. — New species of Diptera. (Occ. Pap. Boston Soc.
Nat. Mist., v, 11-17.) Malloch, J. R. — Dipterous insects of the family
Anthomyiidae from the Pribilof islands, Alaska. 61, xi, 178-82. Van
Duzee, M. C. — A new species of the dipterous family Dolichopodidae
from the Pribilof islands, Alaska. 61, xi, 167-8.

COLEOPTERA. Banninger, M. — Vierter beitrag zur kenntnis
der Carabinae. 49, x, 112-20 (cont.). Craighead, F. C. — Hopkins
host-selection principle as related to certain cerambycid beetles. 59,
xxii, 180-220. Kessel, F. — Ueber die stellung der Passandridae im
system. Ill, 1921, A, 6, 33-35. Kleine, R.— Ueber die stellung der
Ulocerinae innerhalb der familie der Brenthidae. Bestimmungs-
tabelle der gattung Estenorrhinus. Ill, 1921, A, 6, 268-74; 275-81.
Knisch, A. — Hydrophiliden aus Matto Grosso. Ill, 1921, A, 6, 1-24.
Notman, H. — Concerning species, with notes on Phytodecta affinis,
and pallidus. 19, xvi, 75-8. d'Orchymont, A. — Le genre Tropi-
sternus. (Hydrophilidae.) 33, Ixi, 349-74. Pic, M. — Nouveautes
diverses. (Melan. Exot.-Ent., xxxiv, «63 pp.) Wehrli, E. — Mono-
graphische bearbeitung der gattung Psoclos, nach mikroskopischen
untersuchungen. 41, xiii, 143-75. Weise, J. — Amerikanische His-
pinen. Ill, 1921, A, 5, 263-74.

Van Dyke, E. C. — Coleoptera from the Pribilof islands, Alaska.
61, xi, 156-66.

HYMENOPTERA. Frers, A. G.— Notas himenopterologicas. 96,
v. 66-71. Frison, T. H. — Hymenopterous insects of the family Bre--
midae from the Priblof islands, Alaska. 61, xi, 185-7.

Cockerell, T. D. A. — Some parasitic megachilid bees of the west-
ern U. S. The epeoline bees of the American museum Rocky Moun-
tain expeditions. (Amer. Mus. Novitates, Nos. 21-23.) MacGillivray,
A. D. — New saw-flies from the Pribilof islands, Alaska. 61, xi, 188-92.

The December, 1921, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS was mailed at the
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FEBRUARY, 1922

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXIII

No. 2

•* FFR ] 1 19

CHARLES ALFRED BLAKE

1834-1903

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIII.

Plate II.

MEDIAL LOSES
CORNUA

LATERAL LOSE

MEDIAL L08C

INTERNAL LOSES

LATERAL LOBE

INTERVAL LOBe' POSTERIOR LOBE

SYMPETRUM SEMICINCTUM f

POSTERIOR LOBE c

SYMPETRUM SEMIClNCruM

SEC 2

SEC.l

NOOISTICTA

HOOD

ANGELINA

SUBORNATA

DEPRESSA

SEMIFASCIATfl

8

4-MACULATA

ORTHEMIS

L THERMORTHEMIS 15

PENES OF LIBELLULA, ETC. -KENNEDY.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXIII

FEBRUARY, 1922

No. 2

CONTENTS

Kennedy — The Morphology of the
Penis in the Genus Libellula (Odo-
nata ) 33

Parshley— Hemipterological Notices—
II 41

Braun— A New Genus in the Gelechii-
dae (Microlepidoptera) 43

Tillyard — New Researches upon the
Problem of the Wing- Venation of
( donata 45

Entomological Losses by Fire 51

Fisher— A New Cerambycid Beetle

from Santo Domingo ( Col. ) 52

Editorial — Entomology at the Convo-

53

cation Week Meetings December,

1921

Hutchison — Mulford Biological Explo-
ration of i he Amazon Basin News

Bulletin No. 5 55

The Crop Protection Institute 56

Entomological Literature 56

Notice of Ferris' Contributions To-
ward a Monograph of the Sucking

Lice 61

Obituary — Victor Szepligeti 61

Caroline Burling Thompson 62
Doings of Societies — The Entomologi-
cal Society of America 64

The Morphology of the Penis in the Genus Libellula

(Odonata).1

By CLARENCE HAMILTON KENNEDY, Ohio State University,

Columbus.

(With Plates II and III.)

The writer has just recently undertaken to trace out the
phylogeny of the genus Libellula through a study of the penes.
In this study it was found that this organ was more complex
and varied than was generally supposed. It was found that
the internal anatomy of the penis was different from the previ-
ously published ideas on the subject. This article will confine
itself to the morphology of the penis and the honiologies of its
parts, while the phylogeny of the genus will be dealt with in
the second article.

The leading articles on this subject are by Rathke, Goddard,
Thompson, Schmidt and Bartenef.2 Except the last author,

1 Contribution from Department of Zoology and Knt<>mology of Ohio
State UniuT.sity, No. 65.

-Sec the bibliography at the end of this article.

33

34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

these have attempted to cover too much ground, as the penis is
very different from genus to genus.

Studies of the developing naiad 3 indicate that the penis in
the Anisoptera is an outgrowth of the anterior end of the
sternum of abdominal segment 3. It is flask-shaped. The
inflated base attached to the sternum, represents the body of
the flask, while the shaft and many lobed tip represent the
neck of the flask. See Plate II, fig. 4, which is the penis of
Libcllnla composita. The Libcllnla penis is divided into three
segments by two flexible joints. Segment 1 is the inflated base,
segment 2 the short shaft, which bears a short spur on its dor-
sal apical end, while segment 3 is the distal portion, which con-
tains the seminal vesicles and meati and which bears at its
apex an assortment of lobes. In the Libellulinae the apex of
the penis may bear as many as nine lobes, which are so modified
from genus to genus that it is difficult in some instances to fig-
ure out their homologies. The first half of this article will
concern itself largely with these lobes.

THE EXTERNAL ANATOMY of the penis has been discussed
by Miss Goddard, by Schmidt and by Bartenef. Schmidt did
not name the parts. Miss Goddard named them but Bartenef 's
terms,4 though later, are so much more apt that they have been
followed in this paper. The latter author used the penis in his
monographic revision of the genus Sympetrum, so the present
writer has begun this study by showing how Bartenef 's terms
apply to the penis of our own Sympctrmn scniicinctum. See
Plate II, figs. 1 and 2. In this species all the lobes are about
equally developed, which may be a primitive character. The
only species of Libcllnla in which a similar condition exists is
semifasciata on account of which condition the writer has con-
sidered scmifasciata to be our most ancient Libcllnla. The
individual lobes' will be discussed as follows:

Lateral lobes (marked L in all the figures). These are the outer and
most conspicuous pair of lobes and are usually heavily chitinized. In
Sympetrum scmicinctum, Plate II, figs. 1 and 2, they are flattened
cylinders as also in Libcllula angclina, Plate II, fig. 7. In semifasciata

3 Thompson, Backhoff.

4 Bartenef. Fig. 9, p. 24, Libellulidae, Ins. Neur. Faune Russe.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35

they are linear, Plate II, fig. 5, in depressa forked, Plate II, fig. 12,
while in Orthemis they are hroad flat lobes, Plate II, fig. 13. These
lobes are usually easily identified and are the starting point for the
identification of the others.

Medial lobes (marked M in all the figures). These lie entad and
ccphalad of the lateral lobes, or dorsad from them if the penis is
straightened out. These are usually unchitinized and are not always
easily identified until the distal meatus of the seminal vesicles is
located. These lobes are the two lips guarding the distal (or apical)
meatus. In lydia, Plate III, fig. 16, there is a secondary or inner pair
of medial lobes within the outer, larger pair. The medial lobes are
usually unchitinized and are somewhat erectile. In jesseana, Plate III,
fig. 26, they are covered with papillae when erect. In depressa, if cor-
rectly identified, they are chitinized with free ends, Plate II, fig. 12.

Connta (marked C in all the figures). These are very conspicuous
in many species of Sympctrum but are frequently highly modified in
Libcllitla. In Sympetrum they are a pair, but in Libellula a third cornu
may exist which then lies between the other two. These are unchitinized,
except in A-iihieiilata, and arise at the extreme apex of the penis. The
cornua are well developed in the primitive scinifasciata, Plate II, fig. 5,
where the median one is rudimentary, in saturata, Plate IT, fig. 3, where
the right one is asymmetrical, and in Oft lie in is, Plate II, fig. 13. In
Orlhetniin, Plate II, fig. 14, if correctly identified, there seems to be but
(me. In coinposita. Plate II, fig. 4, nodisticta, Plate II, fig. 6 and -inccstii,
Plate II, fig. 10, they are probably represented by the apical tooth, as
in coiiiposita : just under the apical tooth are two smaller teeth which
may be homologous to the lateral cornua. In jesseana, Plate III, figs.
26 and 27, this median cornu is drawn out into a long tail. In anaelinti,
Plate II. fig. 7, the cornua are flattened, which specialization is carried
much farther in Platliemis, Plate II, fig. 11, and Plate III, fig. 16.

Internal lobes (marked / in all the figures). These occur in
.•>\inpelntin but are usually not conspicuous in Libellula, unless they are
homologous with the part marked / in the figures of jesseana, Plate 111,
figs. 26 and 27. These parts are very erectile and are usually .with-
drawn quite completely in the dried penis.

Posterior lobe (marked P in all the figures). This is an unpaired,
very erectile lobe arising on the posterior or ventral surface. It shows
in cros> M-rtion in Plate III, fig. 21. It is retracted and not visible in
Plate III, fig. 16. It is fully erect in Plate III, fig. 26, of jesseana.

The least spcriali/ed penis in the' u;eiius Libellula is that of semifas-
eiatit. .\ comparison of Plate II. tigs. 1 and 5, will show that it is
remarkably like the penis of Syiiipetntin. However, in the various
branches of the genus Libellula some very high speciali/ations have
come about. The cornna of the satnntta group are fringed, while those
of the two Pltitlieinis are short and broad. The apex (cornua?) of the

36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

fuk'a penis is inflated, Plate II, fig. 9. The lateral lobes in Plathcmis
are paddle-shaped and the medial lobes of incesta and jesscana are cov-
ered by a prominent chitinous hood, Plate II, fig. 10, and Plate III, fig.
26. In the composita series, including incesta, jesscana, etc., the various
soft lobes are very erectile and are covered with a plush of erectile
hairs. See Plate III, fig. 26.

The homologies of these various lobes will be more apparent in the
figures of the second article where a larger series of species is figured.

THE INTERNAL ANATOMY of the Libellula penis is illustrated
in Plate III. The most of this part of the study is based on
the penis of Plathcmis lydia because the writer happened to
have material of that species that could be sectioned. Fig. 16
shows the adult lydia penis in ventral and lateral views. Fig.
17 is a diagram, in shadows, of the penis of a last instar naiad,
as this organ lies in its temporary, larval sulcus at the anterior
end of the sternum of abdominal segment 3. In this stage the
apex (penis segment 3) of the penis is fully developed but the
shaft (segment 2) and the inflated base (segment 1) are still
only partially developed and are wholly unexpanded. By com-
paring fig. 17 with fig. 16, the difference between the two stages
can be seen. The vertical lines indicated by letters in fig. 17
locate the levels of the sections shown in figs. 18-25, each of
which bears a letter to correspond with its level on fig. 17.
The internal anatomy of the Libcllnla penis is simple. In its
adult condition it is merely a bag of cuticula lined with a layer
of hypodermis and containing, besides two tracheae, the re-
mains of the embryonic tissue which filled its cavity during its
development. Apparently this tissue breaks down at the emerg-
ence of the naiad, so that in the imago the penis interior is a
cavity continuous with the haemocoele of the body. Probably
erection of this organ is due to a sudden surge of blood from
the abdomen into this cavity. Fig. 25 is a cross-section through
the embryonic penis shown in fig. 17 at the level H, and show:«
the connection of the embryonic tissue of the penis cavity and
the haemocoele of the abdomen. This is before the embryonic
tissue has disappeared.

The penis has two external openings, one at the apex, be-
tween the medial lobes, which I have termed the distal meat us.
and one at the outer end of the penis, which I have termed the

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37

proximal meatns. See fig. 16, dm and pm. Williamson was
the first to point out that the penis had two openings. He has
figured these for DesmogompJms.5 In the naiad both meat
face ventrad, as shown in fig. 17. At the emergence of the naiad
into imaginal life the penis bends at the level of the proximal
meatus, so that this meatus faces cephalad in the adult. The
distal meatus is guarded by the two medial lobes, but the
proximal meatus lies fully exposed on the outer bend of the
penis.

In Desmogomphus, \Yilliamson uses the old terminology
and calls the inflated base the "vesicle." Distad to this are three
other joints, which he terms first, second and, third, the apical
segment being the "third." As the "vesicle" of the old termin-
ology is merely the inflated base of the penis, this becomes seg-
ment 1, as I have named the parts in this article, so that the
Desmogomphus penis has four joints where the Libcllula penis
has but three. The segments still homologize in the two penes.
Segment 4 of the Dcsnwgouiphiis penis is merely the region of
the distal meatus drawn out into a small apical segment not;
found in Libcllula. Segment 3 of the penis of Libcllnla equals
segments 3 and 4 of the Desmogomphus.

The two meati are connected by a tube, which is marked T
in fig. 17. At either end this tube is dilated into a vesicle. The
distal vesicle, dv in fig. 17, lies just within the tip of segment 3.
The proximal vesicle, pv in fig. 17, lies exactly in the flexible
outer bend of the (adult) penis. In the Libcllula penis these
openings and vesicles do not connect with the cavity or inflated
base of the penis. The true seminal vesicle is this pair of
connected pockets in the apex of the penis and not the inflated
base of it, as has hitherto been supposed. Just how these apical
vesicles and meati function can be only surmised in our present
ignorance of their action. No muscles or other structures
insi'de the penis were found that might operate them. As the
proximal vesicle, p-r, lies exactly in the flexible bend of the
penis, its action in filling and emptying is probably directly cor-
related with the motions of this joint. The distal vesicle, dr.

•' A nc\v Gomphine j^mis from I'.ritish Ciuiana. Occ. Papers No. 80,
Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 1920.

38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

might be emptied by a crushing in of the erectile lobes on the
end of the penis when this organ is inserted into the" female.
Because of the hard, heavily chitinized wall of the penis on the
side opposite the lobes, any pressure on these would tend to
flatten and empty the apical vesicle. The tube connecting the
two vesicles suggests that one is efferent and the other afferent.
Because the penis of the adult dragonfly contains such flinty
chitin, the sections of this organ were made from an individual
in the last naiadal instar. By taking the naiad just before
emergence, the outer cuticula peels off easily, leaving a soft
insect that the razor can slice. While the embryology of the
penis was not studied, it is probably true that the vesicles in
the tip are imaginations of the body-wall of the penis tip.
They are lined with chitin and in this final stage they each con-
tain two cuticular exuviae, so that one may legitimately infer
that the vesicles exist in the penis during the last three instars
of the naiad. The sections figured on Plate III are all of lydia
except figs. 28 and 29, which are of incesta. The figures are
drawn to show only outlines and cavities. Each, to be under-
stood, should be referred by the reader back to its proper level
in fig. 17, where, as mentioned above the level of each section
is indicated by a letter corresponding to that of the figure of
the section.

Fig. 18 is section A through the bases of the cornua and the lateral
lobes. The ridges on the outer sides of the cornua are the distal ends
of the medial lobes.

Fig. 19 is section B through the bases of the cornua and the lateral
lobes.

Fig. 20 is section C and shows the distal meatus and a small slice,
,f:', through the apical end of the distal seminal vesicle.

Fig. 21 is section D through the distal vesicle, dz', and the distal
meatus, dm.

Fig. 22 is section H through the seminal tube, T, which connects the
two vesicles. It shows also a thin slice across the proximal end of the
distal vesicle, dv.

Fig. 23 is section F showing the seminal tube, T, and the tracheae, /;•.
This figure also shows a cross section of the inflated base, bsc, and a
portion of the sulcus of the sternum. It shows also the ventral dia-
phragm which is muscular where it attaches to the body wall. This dia-
phragm is well developed in the region of abdominal segments 2 and 3

xxxiii, '221 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39

and may have to do with forcing the hlood into the penis when the
latter is erected.

Fig. 24 is section G through the proximal vesicle, pi', and the proximal
meatus, />;». It shows also the wrinkled and unexpanded condition of
the penis shaft.

Fig. 25 is section H through the proximal meatus and below the proxi-
mal vesicle. It also passes through the attachment of the penis to the
sternum and shows the tissue of the body-cavity continuous with the
penis cavity. The author has found no actual opening from the ab-
domen into the base of the penis hut he has had only dried and poor
material to work with. It is of course remotely possible that the
Libellula penis is never truly erected, that the erections produced by
boiling the specimens, as in fig. 26, may be wholly unnatural.

In the series of species beginning with the primitive com-
posita and terminating in such specialized forms as librans
and iucesta, the softer parts of the penis are covered with a
dense plush of hairs, which become erect when the penis is
distended. These can usually be demonstrated by boiling the
penis, if the material is not too old. Fig. 27 shows the penis of
jcsscana relaxed and fig. 26 the same organ after boiling, when
it is supposedly erect. Fig. 28 is a cross-section through the
penis of incest a at the line shown in fig. 10 and marked sec.
Fig. 29 is the upper part of fig. 28 enlarged. The erectile hairs
shown in these figures are hollow outgrowths of the soft cuti-
cula and fill and become erect when the main organ is distended.
At that time they are distended and their membraneous base
is evaginated, so that the boiled incest a penis appears somewhat
as does the erect jcsscana penis. When the penis is relaxed
these hairs are so completely withdrawn that their presence may
be entirely unsuspected.

This paper has shown how little is known definitely concern-
ing the genitalia in the Odonata. The next paper will show
how useful the genitalia are in indicating the relationships
within the genus Libellula.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

RATHKE, 1832. De libellarum partibus genitalibus.

Gom>AKi>. IS'id. On the second abdominal segment in a few /.//'. •//»//</</:•.

Proc. Amer. 1'hil. Soc. XXXV, i>i>. -'05-212.
THOMPSON, 1(>OS. Appendages of the second abdominal segment of male

dragonflics. Hull. X. Y. State Mus. No. 124, pp. 249-263.
BACKIIOFF, 1910. 1 >ie Kntwicklung des Copulationsapparates \<>n Agritm.

Xiitschr. wiss. Zool, XCV, pp. 647-/Ut..

40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

SCHMIDT, 1915. Vergleichende Morphologic des 2 und 3. Abdominal

segment bei mannlichen Libellen. Zool. Jahrb., Abteil. Anat. Ontog.,

XXXIX, pp. 87-200.
BARTENEF, 1915. Libellulidae. Insectes Neuropteres in Fauna de la

Russe., pp. 1-352.
WILLIAMSON, 1920. A new Gomphine genus from British Guiana with

a note on the classification of the subfamily. Occ. Papers, No. 80.

Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES II AND III.

PLATE II.

Figs. 1-2. Sympctrum scmicinctum (Say). Sunnyside, Washington. Lat-
eral and ventral views of the apical segment of the penis.

Fig. 3. Libcllula saturata Uhler. Phoenix, Arizona. Penis, ventral
view.
The following, except fig. 11, are lateral views of the penis.

Fig. 4. Libcllula composita (Hagen). Laws, California.

Fig. 5. Libellula scmifasciata Burm. Pungo Lake, North Carolina.

Fig. 6. Libcllula nodisticta Hagen. Laws, Owens Valley, California.

Fig. 7. Libellula angclina Selys. Kioto, Japan. Coll. of Ris.

Fig. 8. Libcllula 4-maculata Linn. Grodno Government, Poland. From
Bartenef.

Fig. 9. Libcllula fulva Muell. Aries? From Morton.

Fig. 10. Libcllula inccsta Hagen. (No locality). From O. S. U. coll.

Fig. 11. Libcllula subornata (Hagen). Golconda, Nevada. Apex of
penis viewed from the inner dorsal side with the lateral lobes spread.
Enlarged. See Plate III, fig. 16 of lydia.

Fig. 12. Libcllula dcprcssa Linn. Lublin Government, Poland. From
Bartenef.

Fig. 13. Orthcinis ferruginea (Fabr.). Atoyac, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Coll. O. S. U.

Fig. 14. Orthctrum cacnilesccns (Fabr.). North Wales. From Mor-
ton.

Fig. 15. Thcnnorthcmis madagascarensis (Ramb.). Madagascar. Coll.
O. S. U.

PLATE III.

Figs. 16-25. Libcllula lydia (Drury). Columbus, Ohio.

Fig. 16. Ventral and lateral view of adult penis.

Fig. 17. Lateral view of penis of the last naiadal instar drawn in
shadow.

Figs. 18-25. Cross-sections at the levels indicated in fig. 17 by the let-
tered lines.

Figs. 26-27. Libcllula jcsscana Willsm. Enterprise, Florida. From coll.
Williamson. Fig. 26 is erected by boiling.

Figs. 28-29. Libcllula incesta Hagen. Kingsboro, North Carolina. Cross-
section of penis showing the erectile hairs.

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIII.

Plate III.

18 A

19 B

20 C

21 0

r

t,r sternum

primary loniji
Stern, muse

23 F ganglion \ventra| diaphragm

tr

bse

24 G ^

abdom cavity 25 H

INCE5TA

29

INCfSTA

PENES OF LIBELLULA. -KENNEDY.

XXxiii, '22 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41

Hemipterological Notices. — II.1

By H. M. PARSHLEY.
THE PENTATOMOIDEA OF ILI.IXOI-.-

For many years C. A. Hart devoted a great deal of attention
to the Pentatomoid Hemiptera and had nearly completed his
manuscript when death overtook him in the midst of his labors.
His work has not been lost, however, for Professor J. R.
Malloch, the dipterist, saw to its final preparation and publi-
cation, thus putting greatly in his debt all who take an interest
in the group, and as editor he added a considerable amount of
supplementary matter (always carefully indicated as such),
which in the main possesses distinct value. The paper as a
whole contains a great deal of new and important material,
especially some excellent pioneer work in the neglected study
of the nymphal stages, an introductory discussion of phylogeny,
and generic keys which are not confined to the Illinois fauna,
but embrace most of the North American groups. In going
over the work I have noted a few matters which call for com-
ment.

Page 180. The editor remarks on the curious results achieved
by Hart in his effort to arrange his keys so as to indicate
natural sequence. Such a plan usually results in defeating the
prime purpose of a key, i. c., ready identification, since obscure
characters often have to be used. I think that the arrange-
ment both of genera and higher groups should be ignored, in
favor of that given in Van Duzee's ''Catalogue."

Page 192. I am unable to accept Malloch's splitting of
Huschistus tristif/unis into two (or three?) species. Like some
other Pentatomids, this species is variable in the form of the
lateral pronotal angles and no line can be drawn distinctly sep-
arating the acutely angled forms (var. pyrrhoccrus H.-S.>,
which become more frequent in the southern states. Possibly a
tendency toward racial development may be found here when
sufficient distributional data are made known. Similarly, fig. 79

1 Contributions from the Department of Zoology, Smith Colic
Xo. 83.
-111. Xat. Hist. Survey, Bull, xiii, 157-2J3, pis. 16-21, 1919.

42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

of pi. 21 probably represents the southern form of Thy ant a
ciistator, another variable species, and not T. pcrditor, which is
a species of the tropical zone. Barber (in Jiff.) calls my atten-
tion to this point.

Pages 199-200. In Hart's treatment of Apateticus the spe-
cies crocatus and bracteatus are confused. The facts will be
correctly expressed if the names are transposed, except that
Van Duzee is misquoted.

Pages 218-219. The editor contributes a supplement in
which Stal's subgenera of Apateticus are elevated to generic
rank. I am firmly convinced that a great deal of the modern
multiplication of genera (by subdivision rather than by the
discovery of new groups) is a detriment rather than an advan-
tage to science, but aside from this general question it should
be noted that in this particular case nothing can be settled
properly without a study of the neotropical species. For in-
stance, the type species of Apateticus Ball, is A. halys Ball.
(— lincolatns H.-S.), a species which, as I have identified it,
lacks the one character ascribed by Malloch to his Apateticus.
This character, the presence of small pronotal spines near the
basal angles of the scutellum, is not mentioned by Ballas3 nor
by Stal,4 but it is found in A. marginiventris, to which refer-
ence is made below. In other words it seems unlikely that
Apateticus Mall, is precisely equivalent to Apateticus Ball.

I think moreover that it is even very doubtful whether the
generic separation of Apateticus and Podisus advocated by
Van Buzeer> is well founded, since the chief distinction between
the groups lies in a secondary sexual character, the abdominal
stridulatory areas which are more or less clearly developed in
the males of Apateticus, s. str. I believe that the arrange-
ment of Stal and of Schouteden" will be ultimately adopted,
with possibly one modification, namely the foundation of a
new subgenus for A. marginiventris Stal, a species which, is
unique in this group by virtue of its posterior pronotal spines
and its very peculiar facies.

3 List Hem. Brit. Mus. 1 : 105, 1851.

*Bidr. Hem. Syst., Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., XXIV, No. 7:498, 1867.

5 Can. Ent, XLI : 370, 1909.

GWyts. Gen. Ins., Fasc. 52:68, 1907.

XXXlii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43

AN OMISSION.

In my "Essay"7 on Aradus I have noted a few clerical errors, only
one of which, fortunately, is of importance. On page 41 the Rhode
Island and Connecticut records of .lr<i<tits n>!<iistus are omitted and the
following should be inserted after line 9 :

RHODE ISLAND: Kingston, May (J. Barlow). CONNECTICUT: Meri-
den, V, 10, 1910 (A. B. Champlain) ; Xew Haven, il, _'6, 1911 (A. B.
Champlain) ; Rainbow, V, 7, 1914 (M. P. Zappe) ; Stonington, V, 1914
(M. P. Zappe).

On page 29, line 16, for p. 17 read p. 50; and on pages 32, 66, etc.,
Ottawa is placed in Quebec instead of in Ontario.

DISTRIBUTIONAL AND TAXONOMIC NOTES.

COREIDAE.
Namacus annulicornis Stal. Arcadia, Florida, November 23, 191'.*

(H. L. Johnson).

ARADIDAE.

Proxius gypsatus Bergroth. Manning, South Carolina, March 28-:?'.),

1919 (E. R. Kalmbach).
Neurqctenus pseudonymus Bergroth. Clarksville, Tennessee, March

26, 1909 (S. E. Crumb).
Aneurus simplex Uhler. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV:106

1871.

Lcctotypc : $ , Mass., U. S. N. M. No. 25213. This specimen
bears Uhler's original label and should be formally designated
as the type of the species, especially in view of the very inade-
quate original description, which refers only to the antennal
structure and to the granulation of the surface. A female
specimen with the same data is designated allotype.

A New Genus in the Gelechiidae (Microlepidoptera).

By ANNETTE F. BRAUN, Cincinnati, Ohio.
STEREOMITA new genus.

Head smooth, antennae nearly equaling the fore wings, ba-al
segment long, slender, stalk somewhat serrate toward tip. Labial
palpi long, recurved, second segment thickened with scales be-
neath and slightly tufted, third segment equaling the second,
thickened with scales in the middle and acute at extreme apex.
Maxillary palpi short, apprcssrd to tongue. Posterior tibiae
with rough hairs above and in the middle beneath, middle spurs
from before basal fourth of the segment.

l'"ore wings narrow, lanceolate-acuminate; 11 veins, Ib fur-

' Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XLVII: 1-106, 1921.

44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

cate at base, 2 and 3 coincident from the angle, arising nearly
opposite 9, 4 and 5 connate, nearer 6, 7 and 8 out of 6, 9 dis-
tant, 11 from beyond middle. Hind wings l/2, a little narrower
in the male, with anal angle less distinct, termen emarginate,
apex produced ; all veins present, 2, 3, 4 and 5 remote, 5 near-
est 6, 6 and 7 very short stalked.

Genotype : Stereomita andropogonis n. sp.

Allied to Metzncria and Megacraspcdus, but distinguished by
the absence of a vein in the fore wing, and by the thickened
third segment of the labial palpi.

Stereomita andropogonis n. sp.

Head whitish straw-colored, palpi straw-colored, with a dark brown
patch near apex of second segment outwardly, and a dark brown an-
nulns around middle of third segment. Antennae pale ocherous, with a
narrow brown annulus at the base of each segment, and four broader
blackish rings on the outer half of the stalk, separated from one another
by two or three pale segments. Fore wings pale ochreous, deepest
toward apex, and dusted with dark brown scales, most densely on the
costal and dorsal margins with a tendency to longitudinal streaking ; at
two-thirds of costa, the dusting usually forms two diffuse oblique
streaks. Along termen, there is a series of indistinct brownish dots, and
opposite extreme apex, in the cilia, a transverse brownish spot. Cilia
brownish, except on costa before apex, where they are ocherous. Hind
wings pale brown, cilia ocherous, with a faint reddish tinge. Legs
ocherous, dusted with brown. Wing expanse : 8.5-9.5 mm.

Type ( $ ) and 32 paratypes, Miamiville, Clermont County,
Ohio, August 19 and 25. Type and paratypes in the writer's
collection ; paratypes in the collection of the Academy of Nat-
ural Sciences of Philadelphia and in the U. S. National
Museum.

The larvae feed in the inflorescence of Andropogon scoparins
(bear-grass.) Their presence is indicated by yellowish
patches in the flower spikes.

The moths are active in early morning and in the evening,
flying at the top of the stems around the flower buds, and
alighting head downward. During the middle of the clay they
rest amongst the basal leaves and are only disturbed with diffi-
culty. In markings of wings, palpi and antennae, and in gen-
eral appearance when at rest, this insect remarkably resembles
some species of Batrachcdra.

xxxiii, '22 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NKVVS 45

New Researches upon the Problem of the Wing-
Venation of Odonata.

I. A Study of the Tracheation of the Larval Wings in the Genus
Uropetala from New Zealand

By R. J. TILL YARD, M.A., Sc.D. (Cantab.), D.Sc. (Sydney),
F.L.S., F.E.S., Entomologist and Chief of the Biological
Department, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.

(Continued from page 7)

We may now ask, what position does the family Pctalnridac
hold in the evolutionary line of the Odonata, and what are the
successive stages in the evolution of the vein Ms ? These ques-
tions can be very clearly answered, as follows :—

(A) The first true Odonata had entirely lost their original
Rs as a distinct branch of R. I shall show later, from a study
of the Palaeodictyoptera and Protodonata, that this original
Rs arose from R close to the base of the wing, as in other
archaic types of insects, and that it was captured and cut off
from R by an upwardly arching branch of M , of the type
found in many Palaeodictyoptera and in all Orthopteroidea.
The vein so formed, after its severance from R, had the
appearance of a six-branched media ; but one of the original
branches, Mia. has become degraded in the highest forms of
Odonata. leaving us with only fire recognizable main branches.
The best designation for this composite vein would be
the radio-median, with the notation RM ; but I do not propose
to adopt this new notation until I have fully established, from
the fossil record, the proof of its complete nature.

(B) This original condition, which became established with
the rise of the Protodonata, is continued to the present day,
without change, into the whole of the Order Zygoptera, with
the single exception of the Lestidac. In all living forms which
have this primitive condition, the Jarral tracheation of this
portion of the "viny agrees eractlv "^'itli the subsequent iina</-
inal I'cnation; and this, I take it, is additional proof, if such is
needed, that neither the tracheation nor the venation of this
portion of the wing, in these insects, has ever become special-
ized.

46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

(C) Arising from somewhere low clown in the Megapoda-
grionine stem, we find the first tracheational specialization still
in process of becoming established, in the subfamily Synlestinac
of the Lestidac. In these archaic insects, whose close affinity with
the still more ancient Mcgapodagrioninac admits of no doubt
whatever, we find that, in most larvae (the genus examined
was Synlestcs], there is a complete formation of long bridge
and distal oblique vein 0'. This has been brought about by
one of the small tracheae descending from A/2, far distad from
the nodus, capturing the line of the vein Ms, so that the orig-
inal trachea which supplied this vein from its base on M3
outwards becomes withered, leaving the apparent long bridge-
vein as the basal half of Ms. Also, Synlestes still shows the
archaic position of the origin of Ms, viz., from M3, though
most recent Zygoptera have Ms arising from Ml +2. But, in
a certain number of these larvae of Synlestes, one or more of
the wings may retain the original Megapodagrionine condi-
tion, i. c., there is no trachea forming the oblique vein, which,
consequently, is absent in the imago.

In the subfamily Lcstinae, the oblique vein and long bridge
have become completely established. An exactly similar forma-
tion is to be seen in the Epiophlebiidae, and also in the fossil
genus Heterophlcbia, which is closely allied to this family.
Both Epiophlebia and Heterophlcbia are to be considered as
belonging undoubtedly to Handlirsch's Suborder Anisozygop-
tera, the discovery of the larva of the former genus making
the recognition of this Suborder a necessity, as I have shown
in a previous paper.4

(D) For the next step, we must postulate an origin for the
Suborder Anisoptera from forms among the Anisozygoptera in
which the distal oblique vein and long bridge were fully estab-
lished. Pletcrophlebia may not have been the true ancestor
of the Anisoptera, but there can be little doubt that it repre-
sents very closely what that ancestor was like, at the stage of
the first formation of the triangle in the hind wing. Starting

4Tillyard, R. J. "On an Anisozy gopterous Larva from the Himala-
yas (Order Odonata). Records Indian Museum, 1921, xxii, pt. ii, no.
12, pp. 93-107, pi. xiii.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47

with an ancestral form of this type, the true Anisoptera began
with forms in which the point of origin of M2 became fixed
close under the nodus. The small trachea beneath the nodus,
arising from R, and supplying the subnodal vein, must next
have grown out as a very slender branch beneath .1/1 and M2,
just beyond their point of union, and must have at last found
its wav down to the level of Ms at about the middle of the

j

long bridge. There being no trachea supplying the long bridge,
it is not difficult to see how this new trachea came to supply
its distal half. With a very slight increase in the development
of this trachea, we get the stage represented in the ante-
penultimate instar of the larva of Uropetala, in which the
calibre of the new tracheal outgrowth is still much smaller
than that of Ms. Further increase in calibre would give us
the present condition in the last instar of Pctaluridae, in which
the trachea from the subnodus underlies the basal oblique vein
0, and supplies also that portion of Ms between O and O'. I
would suggest that the notation Rs for this trachea should be
definitely abandoned. As it is a tracheal outgrowth from R
below the nodus, it should be called the subnodal trachea,
while the notation Ms should be kept for the whole vein. If it
is desired to distinguish the three portions of the vein Ms in
Pctaluridae, we might speak of the bridge or basal portion, the
subnodal or middle portion, and the distal portion, respectively.

Thus we see that the Pctaluridae stand as the oldest type
extant within the Anisoptera, possessing tzuo tracheal special-
izations in the region of Ms; one, indicated by 0' , being derived
from Anisozygopterous ancestors, and being homologous with
that seen in the Lestidae and Epiophlebiidae; while the other,
indicated by 0, is peculiar to the Anisoptera, and is to be con-
sidered as of later origin.

(E) If we examine the Cordulegasteridae, which show
affinity with the Pefaluridac on the one hand and with the
Aeschnidae and Gotnphidae on the other, we find occasional
specimens in which the two oblique veins of the Pctaluridae
are present. But, in most cases, only the basal oblique vein 0
is present, with a short bridge-vein. Thus, in this family, we
see the dying out of the original tracheal specialization indi-

48

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Feb. ,'22

cated by 0' and the long bridge ; the trachea which first cap-
tured the line of Ms via O' becomes ousted by the subnodal
trachea, and the result is that we get the formation seen in the
larvae of almost all Anisoptera at the present day, viz., a single
oblique vein O, placed not far distad from the level of the
nodus, a short bridge vein, and an apparent trachea Rs supply-
ing the course of the vein Ms.
N

Sc

Text-fig. 2. — Diagrams to show the evolutionary stages in the region of the nodus and
oblique veins in Odonata. A-B, the primitive condition, in which the imaginal venation
corresponds with the larval tracheation, and no oblique veins are present. C, formation
of the long bridge and distal oblique vein, as in Lestidae. D, condition seen in Petalu-
ridae, with short bridge and two oblique veins. E, condition present in the majority of
Anisoptera, with short bridge vein and only the more basal oblique vein present.

Text-fig, 2 shows the tracheation of the larval wing for each
of these evolutionary stages.

If this outline of the evolution of this portion of the larval
and imaginal wings be accepted, we must recognize the Zygop
tera and the Anisozygoptera as the first two Suborders to
appear by differentiation of the original Odonite stock, and we
must allow that the Anisoptera only arose later, from some of
the more specialized types among the Anisozygoptera. That
this was actually so, I believe can be fully proved by a careful
study of the known fossil record, as- I shall endeavor to set
out in a later part of these researches.

We have now to deal briefly with one line of criticism that
will most certainly be levelled against the position taken in this
paper. In his original paper (1), Needham gave drawings of
the positions of his supposed trachea Rs in the developing
stages of the larva of a species of Gomplms. No photographs
were given of any but the last instar. In these drawings, it

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 49

was shown that, in the very earliest stages, Rs lay in its normal
position below R, without crossing M at all. At a somewhat
later stage, Rs was shown crossing Ml only. Later still, Rs
was shown crossing both Ml and M2.

If these drawings represent the correct postion of Rs, they
do most certainly constitute a strong argument for Needham's
view. Quite apart from the difficult question as to the actual
possibility of both a vein and its precedent trachea shifting its
position in this manner, it must be admitted that, if the larval
wing shows the ontogenetic stages in correct order, it would
be very difficult to avoid the conclusion that we were really
dealing with the original trachea Rs in this case.

Now, I have repeatedly attempted to parallel these figures of
Needham's, by dissecting off the earliest stages of the larval
wings in various Anisopterous genera ; but I have never suc-
ceeded in finding any other condition than that in which the
supposed Rs crosses both .1/1 and M2, as it does in the last
larval in star. The genera examined by me were Aeschna,
Hcmicordulia and Diplacodes. Dr. Ris has also examined the
earliest stages of the larval wing in Libellula, and his results
agree exactly with my own. One of his photographs shows
such an early stage of the growth of the larval wing that the
extreme length of it is barely half the breadth at the base; yet.
in this case, as in the corresponding stages of those genera
which I have examined, the supposed Rs descends almost trans-
versely across the wing, crossing both Ml and M2, as in the
last larval instar.

There were, therefore, only two possible conclusions to come
to. Either the genus GouiMnis presents a more complete onto-
genetic series of the development of Rs than do the other
genera studied, or Needham's drawings were incorrect.

Recently, during my tour round the world, I visited Ithaca
and met Professor Needham. Together we collected larvae
of Complins and Ha/jcnius in the creek there, and I decided
to dissect the wings of the earliest stages obtainable, and com-
pare them with Needham's own drawings. I must admit that
the result came as a great surprise. Text-fig. 3 shows the con-
dition in the two earliest obtainable instars. The instar shown

50

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Feb., '22

in Text-fig. 3, a, appears to correspond to that which Ris suc-
ceeded in obtaining for Libellnla, and is certainly quite as early
a stage as that figured by Needham in which Rs is shown not
crossing- M at all. The next instar to this is shown in Text-fig.
3, b, and this is certainly either earlier than, or as early as.
that in which Needham figures Rs as crossing Ml only. Sev-
eral larvae of Gomphus in these early stages were dissected,
together with one larva of Hagcnins. All agreed in having the

R _R

Text-fig. 3.— a, Gomphus villosipes Selys, early larvarl instar, tracheation of portion
of forewing, greatly magnified, b, the same, next succeeding larval instar, complete tra-
cheation of forewing less highly magnified.

supposed Rs in the position shown in Text-fig. 3. It is only
possible to conclude that Needham's figures of these stages
were incorrectly drawn, probably through displacement of the
very delicate tracheae.

Thus we may now be sure that no ontogenetic stages of the
supposed development of Rs really exist in the early larval
instars of Anisoptera. The position of this trachea being the
same in all instars from the earliest upwards is easily under-
standable on the theory that it is not the original Rs, but an
extension of the subnodal trachea, as I have indicated in the
argument presented in this paper.

A further objection which has to be met is this : — If this
trachea does not represent the original Rs, where is the original
Rs? I have already indicated that the solution of this problem
depends upon a study of the known fossils of the Orders
Palaeodictyoptera and Protodonata. The solution would take
us far beyond the confines of this paper, and is left for a future
part of these researches.

I have referred only briefly, in this paper, to the interesting
problem of the cubital and anal veins in the Odonata. It is
quite clear, from a study of the fossil record, that the present

XXxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51

interpretation of the limits of these veins cannot stand. It has
always been a serious difficulty, in studying the homologies of
the wing-veins in different Orders, that the vein named Cul
in Odonata was concave, whereas, in all other insects, this
vein is a strongly convex vein ; and it is equally difficult to ex-
plain how the vein called O/2 in the Odonata should happen
to be convex, when this vein is, in all other insects, the most
concave in the wing, forming, in the Orthopteroid and Panor-
poid Orders, the vena dividcns separating the clavus from the
rest of the wing. I hope to show that, in the Odonata, the
true Cul, which, in most insects, originates from a compound
vein MS -r- Cul, is the vein which we now call M4 ; also that
the vein which we call Cul in Odonata is in reality the homo-
logue of Cu2 in other Orders; and finally that the single anal
vein existing in the Odonata is IA, and that it extended orig-
inally far along the posterior part of the wing, embracing all
except the extreme base of the vein which we now call Cu2
in Odonata. Further, the presence of only one anal vein can
be explained only by supposing that the original ancestors of
the Odonata had a very narrowed base to the wing ; and this
also I shall be able to demonstrate from the fossil record.

Sufficient has now been said to make it evident that we re-
quire a complete re-study of Odonate wing-venation, in order
to bring our notation into line with that used in other Orders.
Tf it is found impossible to arrive at any general agreement in
this matter, then it would be far better to go back to the non-
committal names given by de Selys. rather than to continue
to use a notation which gives an entirely false idea of the
limnologies existing between the veins called radial sector,
media, cubitus and first analis in the Order Odonata and those
carrying these same names in other Orders.

Entomological Losses by Fire

The home of Dr. Charles P. Alexander, lTrhana, Illinois, was
destroyed by fire on Xe\v Year's morning. The greater part of his
collection of crane-flies was saved, this including- all hut a few typ'.-s.
Duplicate material, both of specimens and reprints, was larm 1\
destroyed by fire or water. Reprints that bad been sent before by
entomologists :tnd can still be duplicated will be very L-rate fully received
Such may be addressed to him at the Natural History Building,
Urbana, Illinois.

52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

A New Cerambycid Beetle from Santo Domingo (Col.).

By W. S. FISHER, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.

Among a small collection of West Indian Cerambycidae re-
ceived from Mr. J. J. Davis for identification, the following
apparently new species was found.

Callichroma domingoensis new species.

$ . — Elongate, subcylindrical and attenuate posteriorly; head, pro-
notum, elytra and underside except abdomen dull metallic green with a
slight violaceous tinge ; antennae, tibiae, tarsi and abdomen black ; femora
entirely of a bright reddish-brown color, and somewhat opaque.

Head deeply longitudinally grooved on vertex. Antennae about one
and one-half times as long as the entire body; joints three to eleven
strongly, longitudinally carinated.

Pronotum with the medio-lateral tubercle well developed and acute at
tip; antero-lateral callosity not strongly marked; strongly constricted
anteriorly and along the base, the basal constriction being more shallow
than one along anterior margin ; disc on each side of median line with a
feebly rounded gibbosity just behind the anterior constriction; surface
strongly, transversely rugose, with a few distant punctures between the
rugae, and sparsely clothed with short black hairs. Scutellum large, tri-
angular, and longitudinally concave; surface smooth at middle and
rather densely, finely punctate towards the sides.

Elytra two and one-half times as long as wide; sides very much nar-
rowed from base to tips, which are rather broadly separately rounded ;
humerus well developed; surface rather deeply, densely and confluently
punctate, becoming feebly rugose towards apex, and sparsely clothed
with very short, inconspicuous, recumbent black hairs.

Abdomen rather densely, obsoletely punctate and densely clothed with
a short, somewhat silvery pubescence ; last ventral segment broadly
rounded at apex without any trace of a notch.

Front and middle femora short and abruptly petiolate near apex ; hind
femora slender, compressed, gradually becoming wider to apex and
reaching to the tip of the elytra. Front and middle tibiae about equal in
length to the femora, slightly compressed and gradually enlarged anter-
iorly; surface longitudinally carinate, finely, irregularly punctate and
clothed with long stiff black hairs. Hind tibiae not quite as long as the
femora, moderately broad and strongly compressed ; lower surface
broadly concave with the inner margin densely clothed with a series of
stiff black hairs.

Length 28 mm. ; width 8 mm.

Type Locality. — "San Sidro, Santo Domingo." Type. — Cat.
No." 24676, U. S. National Museum.

Described from a single male specimen received from Mr.
J. J. Davis, and collected by Dr. Browne during April or May,
1919, at "San Sidro, Santo Domingo." [San Isidro?].

This species resembles Callicliroina plicaturn LeConte, to a
certain extent, but is, however, easily separated from that
species by the abdomen being entirelv Mack, pronotum less
densely punctured, and the femora being uniformly light red-
dish-brown in color, and not tipped with black as in plica f it m.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1922.

Entomology at the Convocation Week Meetings, December, 1921
The meetings of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science and of the Associated Scientific Societies, held
at Toronto, Canada, December 27 to 31, 1921. were highly
successful and interesting, well attended and took place under
favorable weather conditions, the extreme cold which many
feared not having been present. The arrangements for the
meetings in the various buildings of the University of Toronto
were, in nearly all respects, very convenient and satisfactory.
Lunches and many dinners were held in Hart House, that mag-
nificent home of the social activities of students and faculty.
To the members of the Local Committees, especially those in
charge of the entomological visitors, we extend our heartiest
thanks.

Papers relating, in whole or in part, to the tracheate
Arthropods were listed on the programs of

A. A. A. S., General Sessions 1

American Society of Zoologists (alone) 20

The same with the Ecological Society of America 2

Entomological Society of America (alone) 16

The same with the Entomological Society of Ontario 15

The same with the Ecological Society of America 18

Kcological Society of America (alone) 1

American Association of Economic Entomologists (alone, but in-
cluding its Sections on Apiculture and Horticultural Inspection). 55

The same with the Entomological Society of Ontario 19

Tlie same with the American Phytopathological Society, symposium 1

American Society of Naturalists 2

American Nature Study Society 1

American Society for Horticultural Science.... 1

Total 152

These 152 papers were concerned with the following sub-
jects :

53

54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

General Entomology 8 Relations to Plants (noneconom-

Methods 5 ic) 2

Cytology 4 Parasites (of animal hosts) 9

Anatomy 8 Relations to Man 5

Physiology 15 General Economic Entomology 19

Ontogeny 4 Insects Injurious to Plants 24

Genetics 8 Insecticides and Fumigants 18

Taxonomy 6 Apiculture 8

Ecology 9 Other Special Insects 10

Araneina 1 Hemiptera 16

Acarina 6 Coleoptera 15

Myriopoda 1 Hymenoptera (exclusive of Apis)

Orthoptera 3 8

Isoptera 1 Apis 8

Ephemerida 3 Lepidoptera 25

Odonata 2 Diptera (exclusive of Drosophila)

Xeuroptera 1 19

Mallophaga 1 Drosophila 6

Anoplura 1 Siphonaptera 1

Many of the figures in this second list are duplicated ; thus
a paper on the Genetics of Drosophila appears under both of
these headings.

The paper credited to the general sessions of the A. A. A. S.
was the address of the retiring President, Dr. L. O. Howard,
entitled, "On Some Presidential Addresses : The War on the
Insects," which has been published in Science for December
30, 1921.

The symposium of the Economic Entomologists and the
American Phytopathological Society was on "Insects as Dis-
seminators of Plant Diseases," in which Dr. E. D. Ball, of
Washington, D. C, and Prof. L. Caesar, of Canada, represented
the Entomologists.

Included in the above lists are also the Annual Address of
the Entomological Society by Dr. Seymour Hadwen, of the
United States Biological Survey, on "Northern Oestridae" ; the
Presidential Address before the Economic Entomologists by
Prof. George A. Dean, of Manhattan, Kansas, on "How We
May Increase the Effectiveness of Economic Entomology," and
a paper read by Dr. L. O. Howard on "The Organization Meet-
ing of the Association of Economic Entomologists, at Toronto.
August, 1899." This was "saved" for the very enjoyable

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 55

Entomologists' dinner, at the Prince George Hotel, on Friday
evening, December 30. At this occasion, Professors J. H.
Comstock and Herbert Osborn, guests, with Dr. Howard, of
the Association of Economic Entomologists, gave some very
interesting reminiscences of early events in their respective
careers.

Not included in the lists we have given, but of great interest
to entomologists and biologists generally, were three symposia,
one by the botanists, "The Species Concept" ; one by the Nat-
uralists, "Origin of Variations," and one by the Zoologists,
''Orthogenesis." Here too we must mention the addresses by
Prof. William Hateson, guest of the A. A. A. S. and of the
Zoologists, on "The Evolutionary Faith and Modern Doubt"
before a general session of the Association, and on "The Out-
look in Genetics" at the Zoologists' dinner.

The total of 152 papers, all hough, as usual, not all of them
were given, is, we believe, the highest ever listed for one of
these meetings.

Notes and Nevsrs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF

THE GLOBE

Mulford Biological Exploration of the Amazon Basin
News Bulletin No. 5.

The arrival in Philadelphia of a second shipment of scient.fic speci-
mens from the Mulford Exploration is announced. The H. K. Mulford
Company has arranged for their clearance through Customs and, in ac-
cord with Dr. Rusby's instructions, has distributed them to specialists of
the Universities and Museums who are co-operating in the work of this
expedition.

The latest letters received from Dr. Rusby and his party, were writ-
ten Oct. 21st, 1921, and mailed from Rurrenabaque, Bolivia. Dr. Rusby
and his party had at that time started out on the trip to Lake Rocagua
and surrounding territory, with the expectation of finding much that was
new, including geographical facts as well as biological and botanical
imens. Although all the maps of South America show the Kin
.\egro as the outlet of Lake Rocagua, their information was that no
connection exists between the lake and the river but that the river origi-
nated in a low range of hills situated near the lake.

Cable messages since received indicate the successful termination of
their trip to Lake Rocagua and progress as far as Kiberalta in Bolivia
near the Brazil. an border. All the members of the party were reported
in excellent health and spirits except the director himself. Dr. Rushy
has been suffering I'nun infectious rheumatism brought on and height-
ened by the exposure and hardships of the life in the wilderness. It is
probable that on account of the state of his health it may be necessary
lo abandon the second part of their trip up into Columbia, as contemplat-
ed in the original plans. — R. 11. Hi n HISON, Secy., Philadelphia, Fa.

56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

The Crop Protection Institute.

The first annual meeting of the Crop Protection Institute will have
been held at Rochester, New York, in connection with the New York
Horticultural Society's meeting, with a dinner on January 12th, at the
Rochester Chamber of Congress.

It was announced that among those taking part on the program v/ould
be Professor W. C. O'Kane, of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, and Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Crop
Protection Institute, who was to talk on the ideals of the Institute; Dr.
L. R. Jones, Chairman of the Division of Biology and Agriculture of
the National Research Council, whose theme was to be the "Relation of
Environment to Disease and Disease Resistance of Plants ;" Dr. R. \Y.
Thatcher, Director of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station,
who was to speak informally on the "Need for Investigations in the
Chemistry of Insecticides and Fungicides." From the standpoint of
industry Mr. G. R. Cushman, of the General Chemical Company, was
to give a brief talk. Professor P. J. Parrott, of the New York Agri-
cultural Experiment Station, would also probably talk on Paradichloro-
benzene.

The Crop Protection Institute, which has a membership of about three
hundred and fifty (350) prominent entomologists, plant pathologists,
agricultural chemists and manufacturers of insecticides and fungicides
and others interested in the protection of all kinds of crops, was organ-
ized only a year ago, under the auspices of the National Research Coun-
cil of Washington, D. C. The purpose of the Institute is not to dupli-
cate the work of individuals or other organizations, but to bring about
closer co-operation of effort, to strengthen the weak places and develop
needed investigations that are not being pursued by other agencies.

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Ara.chnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy -Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north

tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology. Series B

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

2 Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Philadel-
phia. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 5— Psyche.
•Cambridge, Mass. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 12 — Journal of
Economic Entomology, Concord, N. H. 15— Insecutor Inscitiae

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 57

Menstruus, Washington, D. C. 20 — Bulletin de la Societe Ento-
mologique dc France, Paris. 22 — Bulletin of Entomological Re-
search, London. 39 — The Florida Entomologist, Gainesville, Florida.
42 — Entomologiske Meddelelser udgivne af Entomologisk Forening,
Kjobenliavn. 48 — Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 49 — Entomol-
ogischc Mitteilungen Berlin-Dahlem. 52 — Zoologischer Anzeiger,
Leipsic. 54 — Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.
D. C. 61 — Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, San
Francisco. 64 — Parasitology, London. 68 — Science, Lancaster. 1'...
76 — Nature, London. 77 — Comptes Rendus des Seances de la
Societe de Biologic, Paris. 85 — The Journal of Experimental
Zoology, Philadelphia. 87 — Arkiv for Zoologi, K. Svenska Veten-
skapsakademien, Stockholm. 90 — The American Naturalist, Lan-
caster, Pa. 91 — The Scientific Monthly, Lancaster, Pa. 99 — Bulletin
du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 102 — Broteria,
Revista Lusco Brazileira, Serie Zoologica, Braga. 104- ZeitschrifL
fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 106 — Anales de la Sociedad
Cientifica, Argentina, Buenos Aires. Ill — Archiv fur Naturges-
chichte, Berlin. 119 — Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the U. S. A., Washington, D. C. 130 — Revista Chilena
de Historia Natural. 131 — Annales de Zoologia Aplicacla, Santiago
de Chile. 132 — Revista do Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo. Brazil.

GENERAL. Bird, H. — Soil acidity in relation to insects and
plants. (Ecology, ii, 193 7.) Cockerell, T. D. A.— Dru Drury, an
eighteenth century entomologist. 91, xiv, 67-82. Glendenning, R.—
Notes on the fauna and flora of Mt. McLean, B. C. 43, Xo. is. :;<>-44.
Hempel, A. — As pragas e molestias do arroz no estado de Sao Paulo.
132, xii, 147-50. Howard, L. O. — On some presidental addresses:
the war against the insects. 68, liv, 641-51. Johansen, F. — Insect
life on the western arctic coast of America. (Rep. Canada. Arct.
Exped., iii, K, 61 pp.) Lucas and Strand. — Jahresberichtc uhcr die
wissenschaftlichen leistungen im gebiete der Trichoptera, Mecoptera.
rodentia, Odonata, Agnatha.. . Orthoptera. Ill, I'.nti, I'.. 1-19, 171.
Neuroptera, Mallophags, Anoplura, Thysanoptera, Plecoptera, Cor-
Porter, C. E. — Sobre algunos arthropodos colectados en div .-r>a-
localidades del pais por los senores... Thomas, Campo., etc. 130,
xxiv, l.":i-6(>. Serre, P. A. — Inscctes piquants et parasites an Costa-
Rica. 99, 1<)21, 170-2. Weiss and West. — Additional notes on
fungous insects. 54, xxxiv, 167-71. Whiting, P. W. — Rearing meal
moths and parasitic wasps for experimental purposes. Heredity in
wasps. (Genetics, xii, 255-61; 202-66). Wildeman, E. de.— A pmi111-
de myrmecophilie. 77, Ixxxv, 874-6.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, etc. Bertin, L.— La bouche des
insectes et leur alimentation. (La Nature, Pari-. L921, :::.'::
Brocher, F. — Etude experimentale sur le fonctionnement du vaisseau

58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb.. '22

dorsal et sur la circulation du sang chez les insectes. 87, Ix, 1-45.
Courrier, R. — Sur 1'existence d'une secretion intranucleaire dans
1'epithelium du spermatheque de la reine d'abeille sa signification.
77, Ixxxv, 941-3. Crampton, G. C.— Note on the surginopods of
certain Mecoptera and Neuroptera. 5, xxviii, 151. Cunliffe, N.—
Some observations on the biology and structure of Ornithodorus
moubata. 64, xiii, 327-47. Fraenkel, H. — Die symbionten der blat-
tiden im fettgewebe und ei insbesondere von Periplaneta orientalis.
104, cxix, 53-66. Fuhrmann, H. — Beitrage zur kenntniss der haut-
sinnesorgane der tracheaten. Die antennalen sinnesorgane der
myriapoden. 104, cxix, 1-52. Gerould, J. H. — Blue-green cater-
pillars: The origin and ecology of a mutuation in hemolymph color
in Colias philodice. 85, xxxiv, 385-416. Hollande, A. C. — Reactions
des tissus du Dytiscus marginalis. 87, xlix, 543-63. Lancefield &
Metz. — Non-disjunction and the chromosomes relationships of Dro-
sophila willistoni. 119, vii, 225-9. Mallock, A. — Metallic colouring
of beetles. 76, cviii, 432-3. Monnot, E. — Le mechanisme du saut
chez les Elaterides. (Bui. Soc. Sc. et Med. Quest, xxviii, 17-37;
xxix, 19-28.) Sturtevant, A. H. — A case of rearrangement of genes
in Drosophila. 119, vii, 235-7. Szymanski, J. S. — Die sogenannte
tierische hypnose bei einer insektenart. (Pfluger's Archiv..., clxvi,
528-30.) Tanzer, E. — Die zellkerne einiger dipterenlarven und ihre
entwicklung. 104, cxix, 114-53. Wade, J. S. — Notes on defensive
scent glands of certain Coleoptera. 5, xxviii, 145-9. Zeleny, C. — De-
crease in sexual dimorphism of bar-eye Drosophila during the course
of selection for low and high facet number. 90, Iv, 404-11.

ARACHNIDA, &c. Brolemann, H. W.— Clef dichotomique des
divisions et des especes de la famille des Blaniulidae. 87, Ix, 1-10.
Emerton, J. H. — Notes on Canadian and Arctic spiders. 5, xxviii,
165-8.

NEUROPTERA. Esben-Petersen, P. — Collections zoologiques
du...Selys Longchamps. Catalog. Syst. et Descript., Fasc. v,
Mecoptera, 172 pp. Hankin, E. H. — The soaring flight of dragon-
flies. (Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., xx, 461-65.) Navas, R. P. L.-
Insectos Americanos nuevos o criticos. 102, xix, 113-24. Algunos
insectos del Brasil. 132, xii, 413-17. Porter, C. E.— Los Tisanopteros.
131, vii, 21-32.

Calvert, P. P. — Gomphus dilatatus, vastus and a new species,
lineatifrons. 2, xlvii, 221-32.

ORTHOPTERA. Buckell, E. R.— Notes on the ecological dis-
tribution of some orthoptera from the Chilcotin district of British
Columbia. 43, No. 18, 32-8. Hebard, M. — Mexican records of
Blattidae. 2, xlvii, 199-220. Reed, C. S. — Dos mantidos Argentines
aclimatados en Chile. 131, vii, 20.

XXxiii, '22} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59

Caudell, A. N. — On the orthopterous group Phaneropterae (Scud-
deriae), with descriptions of a new genus and species. (Jour. Wash.
Acad. Sci., xi, 487-93.) Rehn, J. A. G. — Descriptions of new and
critical notes upon previously known forms of N. Am. Oedipodinae.
2, xlvii, 171-97.

HEMIPTERA. Brethes, J. — Description d'un nouveau homoptere
Chilien. 130, xxiv, 10-11. Hempel, A. — Descripcoes de ciccidas
novas e pouco conhecidas. 132, xii, 329-77. Mason, A. C. — A host
plant list of Aphids in the vicinity of the University of Florida. 39,
v, 21-5. Porter, C. E. — Descripcion de un nuevo coccido Chileno.
132, vii, 33-4. Schumacher, F. — Aphidologische notizen. 52, liii,
181-91; 281-86.

Parshley, H. M. — A report on some Hemiptera from British
Columbia. 43, No. 18, 13-24.

LEPIDOPTERA. Blackmore, E. H.— The Sphingidae of British
Columbia. 43, No. 18, 25-32. Bowman, K. — Annotated check list
of the macrolepidoptera of Alberta — additions, 1920. 4, Hi, 211-12.
Dyar, H. G. — New American moths. The larva of Basilodes pepita.
15, ix, 192-4; 196. Englehardt, G. P. — A note on the occurrence of
two Pyralids. 15, ix, 160. Giacomelli, E. — Notas sobre el Papilio
thoas. Danos de su oruga en los citrus. 131, vii, 6-11. Hall, A.—
Descriptions of three new butterflies from Colombia. 9, liv, 278-9.
Meyrick, E. — The North American species of Orneodes. 9, liv.
274-76. Meyrick, E. — Exotic microlepidoptera, ii, 449-80. Schaus,
W. — New species of heterocera from South America. 15, ix, 161-71).

Barnes & Lindsey. — A new species of Heterocampa (Noctuidae).
Notes on Noctuidae with descriptions of some n. sps. 5, xxviii.
150-1; 156-9. Benjamin, F. H. — A study of the noctuid moths of
the genera Lampra and Cryptocala. (Bui. So. Cal. Acad. Sen., xx,
73-154.)

DIPTERA. Brethes, J. — Description d'un nouveau diptere Chil-
ien, parasite de Laora variabilis. 131, vii, 12-13. Dyar, H. G. — The
species of Finlaya allied to terrcns. New Mosquitoes from Costa
Rica. Note on Melanoconion indecorabilis. Note on Culex dec-
larator. 15, ix, 151-3; 154-5; 155-7; 194-5. Franca, C. — Observations
sur le genre Phlebotomus. (Bui. Soc. Portugaise Sci. Nat., viii,
214-36.) Freeborn, S. B. — The seasonal history of Anopheles occi-
dentalis in California. 12, xiv, 415-21. Hearle, E. — The importance
of mosquitoes, with notes on some Br. Col. species. 43, No. 13.
132-35. Herms, W. B. — Distributional and ecological notes on
anopheline mosquitoes in California. 12, xiv, 410-1 1. Lamb, C. G.
—An unusual type of male secondary characters in the diptera.
(Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., xx, 475-77.) Morris, H. M. — The
larval and pupal stages of the Bibionidae. 22, xii, 221 -32. Muller,

60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

M. — Rhyphus und Mycetobia, mit besonderer berucksichtigung des
larvalen Darmes. 52, liii, 297-304. Seguy, E. — Les Dipteres qui
vivent aux depens des escargots. 20, 1921, 238-9. Etude sur
I'Omphrale fenestralis. 99, 1921, 60-6. Surcouf, J. M. R. — Notes
biologiques sur certains dipteres. Revision du genre Pelegorhynchus.
(Dipteres piqueurs de la famillc des Tabanidae). 99, 1921, 67-74;
221-24. Thompson, W. R. — Contributions a la connaissance des
formes larvaires des Scarcophagides. 20, 1921, 219-22.

Cole & Lovett. — An annotated list of the Diptera of Oregon. 61,
xi, 197-344. Dietz, W. G. — A list of the crane-flies taken in the
vicinity of Hazleton, Pennsylvania. 2, xlvii, 233-68. Malloch, J. R.
-The North American species of the anthomyiid genus Hebecnema.
4, lii, 214-15. Sherman, R. S.— New sps. of Mycetophilidae. .43, No.
16, 16-21. Tothill, J. D.— A revision of the Nearctic species of the
Tachinid genus Ernestia. 4, lii, 199-205 (cont.)

COLEOPTERA. Bernhauer, M.— Neue Staphyliniden aus Sud-
amerika, besonders aus Argentinen. 48, xxxviii, 169-79. Borchmann,
F. — Othniidae versuch einer ubersicht uber die famillie. Die amer-
ikanischen gattungcn und arten der Statirnae. Ill, 1921, A, 1,
191-215, 216-355. Heller, K. M.— Nuevos Curculionidos de la Ar-
gentina. 106, xci, 19-35. Horn, W. — Haben Ur-Phaeoxantha-
formen den "Ameghino-Strom" bewohnt? 49, x, 149-50. Lesne, P.
—Les especes typiques de Trogoxylon. Position systematique de
ce genre. 20, 1921, 228-31. Melzer, J. — Longicorneos novos ou
pouco conhecidos do Brasil. 132, xii, 421-37. Satterthwait, A. F.—
Notes on the food plants and distribution of certain billbugs.
(Ecology, ii, 198-210.) Weiss & Lott. — Notes on Orchestes rufipes
in New Jersey. 5, xxviii, 152-5.

HYMENOPTERA. Brethes, J.— Description d'un Encyrtidae
nouveau du Chili. 130, xxiv, 137-9. Herbst, P. — Neue Chilenische
blumenwespen. (Apidae). 130, xxiv, 8-9. Kieffer, J. J. — Proc-
totrypides notes des fourmis en Argentine. 106, xci, 36-41. Lueder-
waldt, H. — Chave para determinar os Dorylineos brasileiros. 132,
xii, 231-57. Marchand, W. — The egg-laying habits of Megarhyssa
(Thalessa). 68, liv, 607-8. Porter, C. E. — Sobre algunos Braconidos
Chilenos y descripcion de una nueva especie. 130, xxiv, 5-7.
Schrcttky, C. — Les abeilles du genre "Ancyloscelis." Himenopteros
nuevos o poco conocidos sudamericanos. 132, xii, 153-176; 179-227.
Trouvelot, B. — Observations biologiques sur 1'Habrobracon johan-
senni. 77, Ixxxv, 1022-24. Wheeler & Taylor. — Vespa arctica, a
parasite of Vespa diabolica. 5, xxviii, 135-44.

Cockerell, T. D. A. — Western bees obtained by the American
museum expeditions. (American Mus. Novitates No. 24.) Wells &
Metcalf. — A new species of oak gall and its maker. 4, lii, 212-13.

XXXl'ii, '22 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61

On January 14, 1920 (although dated 1919), there appeared the first
part of CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE SUCKING LICE by
GORDON FLOYD FERRIS, then Instructor, now Assistant Professor of En-
tomology at the Leland Stanford Junior University and published by
that institution. It was announced to be the first of a series which, when
complete, will constitute a monograph of the Anoplura, and that the
sequence in which the various genera would be dealt with would be gov-
erned entirely by convenience and relative completeness of material. The
collection forming the basis of the work, presumably that at Stanford,
is stated to be without a doubt the largest and most comprehensive now
in existence, containing approximately three-fourths of the described
Series. The most significant portion of it has been obtained by the
initiation of the mammal skins in certain museums. This first part
consisted of 51 octavo pages and 32 text figures and treated of the
genera Endcrleincllns and Microfhthirns. The second part appeared in
1921. as Vol. II, No. 2 of the Stanford University Publications, Uni-
versity Series, Biological Sciences. It occupies 76 pages, contains 57 text
figures and is concerned only with the genus Hoploplcitra. Part I states
that all discussion of the group as a whole and all keys to the families
and genera must of necessity be delayed until the final papers of the
series, which will also contain a complete host list, a bibliography, ac-
knowledgments of the sources of material and other matter of general
interest.

OBITUARY.

VICTOR SZEPLIGETI.

Thanks to Dr. K. Kertesz, I am now able to contribute the
following obituary of Victor Szepligeti. Born in Zircz (Hun-
gary) August 21, 1855, he died in his 60th year on March 24,
1915. He studied at the University and Technical University
at Budapest. He became professor of Natural History and
Chemistry in 1877. He taught until 1912 when he retired.

First he was a botanist and had a very large and precious

herbarium (now in the Botanical Department of the Hungarian

National Museum. ) Then he was interested in Aphids and

galls. Later he began to collect and study the Braconidae and

[chneumonidae.

Up to the time of his death he had published sixty papers
which, with but three or four exceptions, dealt with Ichneu-
nit moidea.

lie published one paper on Cecidomyidae (Diptera) in 18()().

62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '22

From 1883 to 1895 he published three papers that relate to
Diptera or other insects either wholly or in part.

In Roi'artani Lapok, Vol. 22, 1915, pp. 141-147, is a portrait.
obituary and bibliography. The latter lists his publications
except the posthumous ones. The obituary notice of nearly
two pages is in Hungarian.

H. L. VIERECK.

CAROLINE BURLING THOMPSON.

Miss Caroline Burling Thompson, professor of zoology at
Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, died at that place
December 5, 1921. She was born in Germantown, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, June 27, 1869, daughter of Lucius P. and Caro-
line Burling Thompson. She attended the University of Penn-
sylvania, receiving the degrees of B.S. in Biology in 1898 and
of Ph.D. in 1901. Under the influence of the late T. H. Mont-
gomery, Jr. (then Assistant Professor), she, as a graduate,
took up the study of the Nemertean worms and published at
least three papers on this group. One of them, her thesis for
the doctorate, on the anatomy of Zygeupolia Htoralis, appeared
in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia for 1901.

Tn 1901 she was appointed Instructor in Zoology at Welles-
ley College and was subsequently promoted to be Associate
Professor (1909) and Professor (1916) in that subject. It
was while there that Dr. Thompson's entomological work began
with her comparative study of ants' brains, a subject "sug-
gested to me by Prof. W. M. Wheeler of Harvard University
as one that needed investigation." Her detailed description of
the structure of this organ afforded, she believed, additional
evidence that the mushroom bodies are the chief motor and
psychic centers and that the queen's brain seems to represent
the generalized type from which the worker caste has departed.
(1913.} Extending her studies to termites, to compare their
brains with those of ants, she found that "The termite brain
as a whole is very similar in structure to the brain of ants.

j

with the notable exception of the mushroom bodies which an-
of a much more simple and primitive type" and suggested that
the frontal gland, found in all castes of termites, "may have

XXXJii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 63

arisen phylogenetically from the ancestral median ocellus
which is now lacking in the termites" (1916).

Her most important paper is that dealing with the origin of
the castes of the common termite (1917). In it, after review-
ing the views held as to the influence of food on differentiation
of the various forms as well as the doubts expressed by others,
she produced evidence that there are visible internal differences
between the newly hatched young which are to develop into
the reproductive and non-reproductive members of the com-
munity respectively, although externally they are. all alike.
'Therefore the fertile and sterile types are predetermined at
the time of hatching," * * * * "My final conclusion is that
all termite castes are predetermined in the egg." She was care-
ful to point out the bearing of this discovery and the similar
observations of Bugnion (1912, 1913) on ''the greater ques-
tion whether the heritable bodily structure is determined by
extrinsic factors, such as food and environment, or by in-
trinsic factors within the germplasm." In two other papers
(1919. 1920) additional confirmatory evidence in support of
the germinal predetermination theory was furnished. In con-
junction with Mr. T. E. Snyder, of the United States Bureau
of Entomology, she discussed the question whether the phvlo-
genetic origin of termite castes (1919) could be referred to
continuous or discontinuous variations, without, however,
reaching a definite conclusion.

Mr. Snyder has published a sympathetic notice of her abili-
ties as a teacher and an investigator in Science for January 13,
1922, which the present writer heartily endorses. His acquaint-
ance with her dates from her first appearance as a student at
the University of Pennsylvania and he has followed her work,
on the termites especially with the greatest interest and pride
in her achievements. Oh that she had lived longer and carried
out her plans for similar work on the honey bee !

PHILIP P. CALVERT.

A list of Dr. Thompson's entomological papers follows:
1913. A Comparative Study of the Brains of three Genera of Ants,
with special reference to the Mushroom Bodies. Journ. Comp.
Neur., I'hila.. 23, 515-572.

64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb.. '22

1914. The Posterior Roots of the Mushroom Bodies in the Worker of
Bombits sp. Op. cit. 24:283-289.

1916. The Brain and the Frontal Gland of the Castes of the "White

Ant," Leucotermes flaznpes Kollar. Journ. Comp. Neurol.,
26 -.553-602.

1917. Origin of the Castes of the Common Termite, Lencotenncs

flavipcs. Journ. Morphol., Phila, 30:83-106.

1918. Dual Queens in a Colony of Honey Bees. Science, N. York,

48 :294-5.

*1919. The Question of the Phylogenetic Origin of Termite Castes.
Biol. Bull., Woods Hole, 36:115-132.

1919. The Development of the Castes of Nine Genera and Thirteen

Species of Termites. Op. cit. 36:379-398.

*1920. The "Third Form," the Wingless Reproductive Type of Term-
ites: Reticiilitcnncs and Prorhinotcnnes. Journ. Morph. 34:
591-632.
Papers marked with a (*) were written conjointly with Mr. T. E.

Snyder.

Doings of Societies.

The Entomological Society of America.

At its recent meeting in Toronto in December, the Society elected the
following officers and committees for 1922 :

President, Arthur Gibson, Dominion Entomologist, Ottawa, Canada.
First Vice-President, Dr. W. A. Rile}', University of Minnesota, St.
Paul. Second rice-President, Professor R. A. Cooley, University of
Montana, Bozeman, Mont. Secretary-Treasurer, Dr. C. L. Metcalf,
University of Illinois, Urbana, 111.

Additional Members of the Executive Committee — Dr. J. M. Aldrich,
United States National Museum, Washington. Mr. Wm. T. Davis,
New Brighton, N. Y. Dr. E. M. Walker, University of Toronto, Tor-
onto, Ontario. Dr. O. A. Johannsen, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

Managing Editor of the Annals, Dr. Herbert Osborn, Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio. Assistant Managing Editor, Dr. C. H.
Kennedy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Editorial Hoard — Dr. W. S. Marshall, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wis. Dr. Vernon L. Kellogg, National Research Council,
Washington, D. C. Dr. F. E. Lutz, American Museum of Natural
History, New York City. Dr. \Vm. M. Wheeler, Bussey Institution,
Boston 30, Mass. Dr. E. M. Walker, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario. Dr. S. A. Forbes, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. Dr. A.
D. Hopkins, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Prof. A. L.
Lovett, Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Ore. Dr. Frederick
C. Muir, H. S. P. A. Experiment Station, Hawaii.

C. L. METCALF, Secretary-Treasurer.

T3 j-fpr.f!1 : Collectors who wish to

ULl LLv^l 1 llv.^* obtain Specimens from
India, Burma and Ceylon, should write to W. R. McMul-
len, Port Blair, Andaman Isles.

NEW ARRIVALS FROM JAPAN AND INDIA.

Large Stock of Specimens from Ecuador, Cameroon, Celebes and Europe.
To be sold singly and in lots at very reasonable prices.

Lists on Application.
A GOOD LINE OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES.

"THE BUTTERFLY STORE"

0. FULDA, PROP., 63 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

Tropical African (Uganda) Butterflies and Moths, Etc.

Excellent Material. Great Variety.

Apply for particulars and prices.

R. A. DUMMER, Care S. A Museum, Cape Town, South Africa.

FOR SALE

A .COLLECTION OF CARABUS AND CALOSOMA

One of the ranking collections of Europe, containing over 1200 species
and varieties, represented by more than 8000 specimens, collected in all parts
of the world. .

Owner: — L.,Gylek, Wahringerstrasse 132, Vienna XVIII, Austria.
'A detailed list of species may be obtained from

E. D. QUIRSFELD
HILLSDALE, NEW JERSEY

YV7 A MTJT ]"} I arn a shut-in invalid and very thankful to hear from any-
** *~*1^' * LLiLS one ty,a(. wju p]ease give, exchange, or sell one or more
perfect specimens or live pupae of large moths, such as Luna, Selene, Ori-
zaba, Jorulla, Splendida, Promethea, Calletta, Hyperchiria lo, Budleya,
Incarnata, Luecane, Polyphemus, Imperialis, ,Cecropia, Cynthia, Papilio,
etc. Luna pupae and midget mounts for sale.

WILLIAM ENGELHART, Cooley Farm, Warrensville, Ohio

NEW ARRIVALS

From Colombia, South America:
OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING

Morpho cypris Morpho amathonte

sulkowskyi Caligo spp.

From Cuba:
1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING

Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali

andraemon Erinyis guttalaris

celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.

devilliersi

u

From Venezuela:

Over 5000 Lepidoptera

200 Dynastes hercules

From New Guinea

2000 Coleoptera
200 Orthoptera

From Assam, India:
1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDINC

Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis

philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi

And Many Other Showy Species

From Tibet (Bhutan) :
Armandia liddcrdalii Parnassius hardwicki

CATALOGUES OF

ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS
ON APPLICATION

If interested kindly send your list
of desiderata for further information to

THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA

Department of Natural Science New York

G. Lagai, Ph,D. 56-58 West 23d Street

MARCH, 1922

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXIII

No. 3

CHARLES Ai KK K D Bi AKK
1834-190^

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.

E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER. M.D., Sc.D.. Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTKE:

EZRA T. CRESSON.
PHILIP LAURENT.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
Logan Square

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Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921.

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of copies will he at the corresponding multiples of these rates.

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIII.

Plate IV.

»/ 1/3

Vfj AXILLENA ' '/

\ 20

PHYLOGENY OF SPECIES OF LIBELLULA BY PENES-KENNEDY.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXIII

MARCH, 1922

No. 3

CONTENTS

Kennedy — The Phylogeny and the Geo-
graphical Distribution of the Genus
Libellula ( Odonata) 65

Parshley — A change of name in the Sal-
didae(Hemip.) 71

Reinhard — Host Records of Some
Texas Tachinidae ( Oiptera) 72

Photographs received for the album of
the American Entomological Soc.. 73

Skinner — The Identity of Neominois
ridingsi and N. dionysus (Lepid.,
Satyridae ) 74

Ewing— Notes on the Occurrence and
Distribution of Antarctic Land Ar-
thropods (Springtails and Mites:
Collembola and Acarina) 76

McAtee — Prosimulium fulvum Cpquil-
lett a Biting Species (Dip., Simuli-
idae ) 79

Weiss and Lott— The Juniper Web-
worm, Ypsolophus marginellus
Fabr. (Lepid., Gelechiidae) 80

Fall— A Correction and a Protest ( Col. ) 83

86

88

Chamberlin — A New Diplopod from
British Guiana taken at Quarantine
at Philadelphia 85

Rile> — Food during Captivity of the
Water-Striders, Gerris remigis Say
.and Gerris marginatus Say ( Hem.)

McAtee — A Shower of Corixidae ( Het. )

Editorial— Those Incomplete Titles

Again 89

McAtee— Bird Lice (Mallophaga) At-
taching Themselves to Bird Flies
( H ippoboscfdae ) 90

Save the Zoological Record 91

Hutchison The Mulford Biological
Exploration of the Amazon Basin.
Bulletin No. 6 91

Entomological Literature 92

Review of Fletcher's Catalogue of In-
dian Insects 95

Review of The Bulletin of the Hill
Museum 95

Doings of Societies — Entomological
Workers in Ohio Institutions 96

The Phylogeny and the Geographical Distribution of
the Genus Libellula (Odonata).1

By CLARENCE HAMILTON KENNEDY, Ohio State University,

Columbus.

(Plate IV.)

In the first paper2 was discussed the morphology of the penes
in the genus Libellula. The various structures found in the
penes were homologized and their usefulness in classification
was pointed out. In this paper the writer wishes to show the
value of these structures in a study of the phylogeny and dis-
tribution of the genus, for the penis characters divide the genus
into distinct groups that are consistent with other characters
and which appear to be consistent geographically.

Thanks to the generosity of Mr. Williamson, Dr. Calvert
and Dr. Ris twenty-seven of the known species of Libellula

1 Contribution from Department of Zoology and Entomology of Ohio
State University, No. 68.

2Ent. News, vol. xxxiii, pp. 33-40, 1922.

65

66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

have been examined. This article is an explanation of the
accompanying plate.

If the reader will refer to the accompanying plate (IV), he
will note that the genus falls into three levels of differentia-
tion as indicated by the heavy horizontal lines. These are :

Level I. Scinifasciata, angclina and foliata. By comparison
with any of the other penes figured it is obvious that these are
alike in that none of their parts are as much exaggerated or
specialized as are one or more of the parts of any of the spe-
cies figured in the two higher levels. By this same compara-
tive standard, scniifasciata is more generalized, hence older,
than foliata, which has the cornua slightly specialized and
than angclina, which has the lateral lobes lengthened and broad-
ened. As will be shown later,3 all three are probably pre-Mio-
cene species.

Level II. This includes all the species lying between the
two horizontal lines on Plate IV. These are all American and
are species that probably date from the Miocene or later. Some
of these groups are apparently at the height of their develop-
ment.

Level III. This level includes the Eurasian species, less the
primitive angclitia. These are the most specialized of the
genus and are the postglacial remnants of a Eurasian fauna
that probably reached its climax in preglacial times.

The individual species and minor groups of the genus will
be discussed as follows :

Group 1. Semifasciata Burm. PI. IV, fig. 1. Maine to Florida,
west to Michigan and Texas. A spring and early summer species
found in woods swamps in the deciduous and southern pine forests.1

The primitiveness of this species seems to be confirmed by
its isolated position morphologically, by its non-Libellula wing
pattern, which has basal markings and color that recall CcJi-
thcinis and Pcrlthcmis, by its less rugged build, which is very
different from the husky proportions of many of the more spe-
cialized Libellulas, by its spring and early summer season which

3 In the April number of the NEWS.

* As far as possible the writer has tried to correlate the distribution
of the species of Libcllnla with the plant formations of the eastern
United States as worked out by Transeau. See "Forest Centers of
Eastern America," Amer. Nat., xxxix, pp. 875-889, 1905.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67

is the season of many other primitive Odonata, and, perhaps,
by its retiring habit of life in woods-swamps where are not
found many of the more specialized Odonata which enjoy the
fierce strife of open ponds. Its general distribution through
the wooded Appalachian region agrees with the distribution
of other very primitive Odonata (Tachoptcry.v, Cordulcgastcr,
etc.).

Group 2. Foliata Kirby. PI. IV, fig. 2. Mexico to Panama, in
zone 4 of Calvcrt (B. C. A. Neur., p. xxiv). March to July in small
swampy places.5

A casual inspection of the plate shows at once that this is the
most primitive member of the line of species terminating in
licrcula;. However, it is so little differentiated as compared
to the other three members of this series that it has been placed
in Level I. Foliata is primitive in its smaller size, its ante-
humeral stripes, its lack of a distinct red coloration and in its1
distribution, for in zone 4 as outlined by Calvert6 are found
such primitive Odonata as Xanthostigm-a, Cora, Paraphlcbia,
Cordulegaster, etc. These are temperate species that appar-
ently cannot stand the winter temperatures of the same faunal
zone farther north. Hill7 and Bray,8 as mentioned by Calvert,
suggest that the islands of zones 3 and 4 were connected and
supported a continuous fauna in the Tertiary. At that time
Mexico was a peninsula that had not been connected with
South America since the Cretaceous and with its stable climate
it has harbored these early Tertiary species to the present time.

Group 3. Angelina Selys. PI. IV, fig. 3. Japan. Habits un-
known.

Angelina is primitive in its full quota of three spots in the
wings and in its penis whose only specializations are the length-
ened lateral lobes and widened cornua. Its distribution con-
firms this diagnosis as Japan contains several very old Odonates.
Being an island in a great ocean stream, its climate has prob-
ably been very stable and mild. The nearest modern relative
of aiif/i'lina is 4-macnlata.

5 From notes supplied by Dr. Calvert.

6 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., Oct., 1908, pp. 475-478.

7 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxiv, pp. 205-207, 1899.

8 Science, Nov. 9, pp. 709-716, 1900.

68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

Group 4. Saturata Uhler. PI. IV, fig. 4. Montana and Texas
west to California and Baja California, occurring from sea-level up
to 5000 ft.9 This is a vigorous form of open muddy ponds, cattail
swamps and sluggish streams.

Croceipennis Selys. PI. IV, fig. 5. From sea-level in Texas and
Baja California, to 4000 ft. elevation in Costa Rica, occurring in
zones 3-4 of Calvert, but mainly in zone 4. Open swampy places
and sluggish streams.10

Herculea Karsch. PI. IV, fig. 6. Mexico to Ecuador and Para-
guay. The "Biologia" records are from Calvert's zones 3 and 4.
Usually found about brush piles in open muddy streams.11

Of this group, saturate! appears to be the only species that
can stand even light frosts. The other species occupy the Mex-
ican and Central American highlands, though Dr. Calvert states
in a letter that he found licrculca at Guacimo, Costa Rica, at
an elevation of less than 800 ft. The fact that this species has
reached South America across the low Isthmus, shows that it
can live also below the highlands. The climate of the Mexican
and Central American plateau corresponds to that of the south-
eastern United States, except that the occasional winter frosts
of the States are lacking. Because of the large number of
species of Libclhtla occupying the southern states and this
semitropical plateau, the climate of this region is probably the
optimum climate for the genus.

This group has developed directly from the foliata stock of
the Central American highlands (zone 4 of Calvert). Prob-
ably the present distribution of foliata is less than in former
times as safurata, the most generalized species of group 4. has
a distribution north of and not in touch with the present habi-
tat of foliata. Dr. Calvert12 describes individuals intermediate
between satnrafa and croccipcnnis. It would be interesting to
study the penes of these.

Group 5. Julia Uhler. PI. IV, fig. 7. Maine to British Columbia.
A species of northern coniferous forest swamps.

Exusta Say. PI. IV, fig. 8. Maine to Wisconsin, south to Indiana
and Ohio. A species of the deciduous forest.

n The higher records from Wyoming, etc., are probably from warm
spring streams.

10 In notes loaned by Dr. Calvert.

11 Statements to the writer by E. B. and Jesse Williamson.

12 B. C. A. Neur.5 p. 211.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 69

Deplanata Ramb. PI. IV, fig. 9. North Carolina, Georgia and
Florida. Found by the writer about muddy ponds at Raleigh, N. C

The broad lateral lobes associate this \vith the angcllna-4-
inaculata line. Julia appears to be the primitive species of this
group in that specialization increases, from Julia in the north
to dcplanata in the south, in the increasing length of the medial
lobes and in the decrease in size, so that dcplanata is the small-
est species in the genus. This distribution and relationship to
Eurasian species suggests an origin of this group in northern
Eurasia and a migration to America later than the migration
of the stocks of the semifasciata, foliata, nodisticta and com-
posita groups which all show a preference for warmer climates
than does julla. Geologists tell us that the opportunities for
the migration of warm climate species existed largely before
the Miocene, but that a migration of northern species came in
the late Miocene and in the Pliocene. Julia and c.rusta at least
are distinct species, probably also dcplanata. Ris13 states that
"the habitus difference is greater between jidia and c.vusta than
between c.vusta and dcplanata." This might be expected if
julia is the most primitive of the three.

Group 6. Subornata Hagen. PI. IV, fig. 10. Kansas and Texas
to Nevada and southern California. Found about semidesert, alkali
ponds.

Lydia Drury. PI. IV, fig. 11. Newfoundland to British Columbia
south to Florida and California. Any permanent pond.

These are a branch of the angelina-4-maculata line because
of their widened lateral lobes. Subornata is the more primi-
tive in the unfused wing-bands of the male, in the less broad-
ened lateral lobes of the penis and in the less deeply divided
fork on segment one of the male.14

In this series an adventitious wing-band has appeared. It
is narrow and appears at the inner end of the stigma. In the
lemale of sithnniata it is free; in the male of the same species
it is fused with the nodal band by a paler area. In l\dia it is
more differentiated sexually. In the male it has become com-
pletely fused with the nodal band, thus giving the broad band

13 Libellulinen, Coll. Selys, p. 259, 1919.

14 Williamson. Plathcmis subormita. Ent. News, Nov., 1906, p. 351.

70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

of the male lydia, while in the female it appears only in rare
examples.15 Subornata should probably be associated with the
group of southwestern primitives, foliata, nodisticta and com-
pos it a.

Group 7. Nodisticta Hagen. PI. IV, fig. 12. Montana and Wash-
ington10 to the highlands of southern Mexico. A semidesert species
taken by the writer on slow fresh streams at Oroville and Auburn,
California.

Forensis Hagen. PI. IV, fig. 13. Montana and British Columbia
to Arizona and California. An alkali pond species, but may occur in
fresh water also.

Pulchella Drury. PI. IV, fig. 14. Maine to Washington south to
Florida and California. A strictly fresh pond species.

The writer does not know the locality of the Washington
record for nodisticta, but it must be near sea-level. The Mon-
tana record is probably from a warm, spring-fed stream, while
all other United States records are from elevations of 500-3000
ft. Southward it is found at constantly increasing elevations
until its southernmost authentic record is at 8000 ft. in More-
los, Mex. This would indicate that the Venezuelan and Co-
lombian records in the earlier literature are questionable, for it
is not probable that the Isthmus of Panama has been elevated
enough to enable this species to pass into South America.

In this group specialization is towards a wing heavily spotted
with black, alternating with areas of white pruinescence. It
starts with the lightly marked wing of nodisticta, throws a spe-
cies, forcnsis, more heavily marked, to the desert and reaches
its apex in pulcJiclla with three full bands in each wing. These
species may not form a series as they have had to be arranged
on the plate, but may be a group of mutations from some more
primitive stock. The large size and the great development of
wing color in pulchclla indicate that it is the most specialized
of the three. The distribution of nodisticta indicates that its
naiad cannot endure heavy freezes, while the distribution of
pulcJiclla shows it to be almost as hardy as 4-niactilata and
julia.

15 Kennedy. Odonata of Kansas, Bull. Kans. Univ., vol. 18, pi. VII,
1917.

16 Muttkowski. Cat. Odonata N. Amer., p. 138. 1910.

(To be continued )

XXXlii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
A phylogenetic tree of the dragonflies of the genus Libelhila, based on

penes.

All figures are by camera lucida to the same scale. Because of the
limits of the plate, species have had to be shown in series that should be
on short lateral branches.

1. Libelhila scinifasciata Burin. Pungo Lake, Wenona, North Caro-

lina.

2. LibcUnla foliata (Kirby), Cartago, Costa Ricat coll. Calvert.

3. Libelhila angcliua Selys. Kioto, Japan, coll. Ris.

4. Libelhila salnrata Uhler. Phoenix, Arizona.

5. LibcUnla croceipcnnis Selys. Cuernavaca, Mexico, coll. Williamson.

6. Libelhila hcrculca Karsch. Santa Lucia, Guatemala, coll. Ohio

State University.

7. LibcUnla julia Uhler. Kent, Ohio, coll. O. S. U.

8. Libelhila e.vusia Say. Orono, Maine, coll. O. S. U.

9. Libelhila dcplatiata Ramb. Raleigh, North Carolina.

10. Libelhila snbornata (Hagen). Golconda, Nevada.

11. Libelhila lydia Drury. Sacramento, California.

12. Libelluht nodistlcta Hagen. Laws, Owens Valley, California.

13. LibcUnla forcnsis Hagen. Palo Alto, California.

14. Libelhila pnlchella Drury. (No label.) Coll. O. S. U.

15. LibcUnla composita (Hagen). Laws, Owens Valley, California.

16. Libelhila jesseana Wllmsn. Enterprise, Elorida, coll. Williamson.

17. Libelhila llarida Ramb. Raleigh, North Carolina, coll. Williamson.

18. LibeUula auripcnnis Burin. Kingsboro, North Carolina.

19. Libelhila hictnosa Burm. Raleigh, North Carolina.

20. Libelhila a.villena Westw. Dunbrooke, Virgina, coll. Osburn.

21. Libellnla cyanea Fabr. Kingsboro, North Carolina.

22. Libellnla coimnicJic Calv. Oroville, California.

23. Libellnla iueesla Hagen. (No locality.) Coll. O. S. U.

24. Libelhila ribraus Fabr. Kingsboro, North Carolina.

25. Libclhtia dcprcssa Linn. Lublin Government, Poland, from Bar-

tenef.

26. Libellnla quadrimaculata Linn. Grodno Government, Poland, from

Bartenef.

27. LibeUnla fitlra Miill. Aries (?), from. H. K. Morton.

A Change of Name in the Saldidae (Hemiptera)

1 have recently described a species of Saldidae as Sahhila emnata
(Proc. Ent. Soc. British Columbia, No. 18, Syst. Sen, p. 21, 1^21), but,
as I am reminded by Dr. E. !'.< r.urnth, this name is preoccupied by
Salda cantata Champion (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Ins., Khyiu-b. II., p. ,!41.
1900). The two are undoubtedly congeneric and hence I would propose
Saldnla eontalnla. nom. nov., for my species. — H. M. I ' \KSHI.KV, Smith
College, Northampton, Massachusetts.

72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

Host Records of Some Texas Tachinidae (Diptera).

By H. J. REIN HARD, Entomologist, Texas Experiment Station,

College Station, Texas.

Twenty-one breeding records of sixteen species of Tachinidae
are given in this paper. Twelve of these, so far as the
writer is aware, have not been previously recorded. Where
there is a published record the reference is given in each in-
stance. Six records included in this list were obtained from
F. C. Bishopp, M. M. High, and S. W. Bilsing, and due credit
for each record is given below. All other breeding records
given were made by the writer at College Station.

ARCHYTAS ANALIS Fabr. Host: Cirphis unipuncta Haw. Bred at
College Station, from larva collected at Denton, Texas, by A. P. Swal-
low. 1 specimen issued June, 1919. Previously noted according to
W. R. Walton.

EXORISTA CERATOMIAE Coq. Host : Lo.vostcgc swiUalis Guen. Bred
from pupae collected at Laredo, and College Station. 4 specimens
issued June 17, 1920.

EXORISTA CONFINIS Fall. Host: Uranotcs melinus Hubn. Bred at
College Station, from larvae collected at the following localities in
Texas : Oletha, Mart, Trinity, Cause, I.ott, Grand Saline, and Brazoria
County. 14 specimens emerging from June 20, to July 10, 1920.

EXORISTA FLAVIROSTRIS v. d. W. Host: Megalopyge opercularis A. &
S. Bred at Dallas, Texas, by F. C. Bishopp, from pupae of host. Many
specimens issued during August and September, 1920. Also bred at
College Station, from a caterpillar collected locally. 1 specimen emerg-
ed August, 1920. Cf. Coquillett, Revision of Tachinidae, p. 14.

EXORISTA LOBELIAE Coq. Host: Alabama argillacca Hubn. Bred by
S. W. Bilsing at College Station. 1 specimen issued October, 1920.

EXORISTA PYSTE Walk. Host: Loxostegc siniilalis Guen. Bred from
pupae collected at College Station. 2 specimens issued June 16 and 17,
1920. Previously recorded by T. H. Parks at Wellington, Kansas,
according to W. R. Walton.

ID. Host: Acrobasis caryh'-orcUa Rag. Bred by S. W. Bilsing at
College Station, from pupae collected locally. Many specimens issued
June, July, 1918, 1919, and 1920.

EXORISTA LOXOSTEGEAE Host : Lo.vostcgc siniilalis Guen. Bred at Col-
lege Station from pupae collected locally. 23 specimens issued June
13-23, 1920. Cf. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., Vol. 14, No. 4, p. 332.

METAPLAGIA OCCIDENTALIS Coq. Host: Hersc coni'olrnli L. Bred by
M. M. High at Kingsville, Texas. Flies issued November, 1919.

ORMIA OCHRACEA Bigot. Host: Gryllus assiinilis Fabr. Three mag-
gots issued September 22, 1920, from an adult host specimen, collected
by A. R. Cahn at College Station. The maggots pupated September 22,

xxxiii. '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL XF.WS 73

but the adult flies failed to emerge. The puparia were identified by
C. T. Greene. The habits of this genus are unknown and this appears
to be the first record of a host relationship for this species.

PELETEIUA ROBUSTA Wied. Host: Cirphis unipuncta Haw. Bred at
College Station, from a larva collected in Wilbarger County, Texas. 1
specimen issued May 23, 1919.

PHOROCEKA CLARIPENNIS Macq. Host : Megalopygc opcrcularis A. &
S. Bred at Dallas, Texas, by F. C. Bishopp. 41 specimens issued dur-
ing August and September, 1920.

ID. Host: Laphygma frugipcrda A. & S. Bred at College Station,
from larva collected in Hamilton County, Texas. 1 specimen issued
June 4, 1919. This record previously noted according to W. R. Walton.

ID. Host : Synchloc lacinia Drury. Bred from chrysalides collected
locally. 8 specimens issued August 1920.

PLAGIPROSPHERYSA PARVIPALPIS v. d. W. Host: Loxostcgc similalis
Gucn. Bred at College Station, from pupae collected at Laredo, Texas.
3 specimens issued June 14 and 15, 1920.

STURMIA ALBIFRONS Walk. Host : Esiigmcnc acraca Drury. Bred at
College Station, from larvae collected at Hempstead, and Bay City,
Texas. 7 specimens issued June, 1918, and May, 1919. Cf. Coquillett,
Revision of Tachinidae, p. 20.

STURMIA DISTINCTA Wied. Host: Jlcrsc convolvuli L. Bred at Kings-
ville, Texas, by M. M. High. Flies issued November, 1919.

TACHINA MELLA Walk. Host: Apantcsis rcctilinca French. Bred at
College Station. 1 specimen issued June 7, 1918.

ID. Host: Estigmcnc acraca Drury. Bred from larvae collected at
College Station. 2 specimens issued July 15 and 16, 1919. Cf. Coquil-
lett, Revision of Tachinidae, p. 21.

TRICHIOPODA PENNIPES Fabr. Host: Lcptoglossus phyllopus L. Bred
at College Station, from adults collected locally. Flies issued June, 1919.
Cf. Quarterly Bulletin, Fla. State Plant Board. Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 67.

ID. Host: Nezara riridula L. Bred from adults collected at College
Station. Many specimens issued June, July, and August, 1919 and 1920.
Cf. Loc. cit. and Bull. No. 689, U. S. 1). A., p. 22.

Photographs Received for the Album of The American Entomo-
logical Society.

Since the last record (Ent. News, xxviii, p. 128), photographs for the
album have been received, and acknowledged from the following, and
the Society again wishes to thank the donors for their gifts which are
much appreciated.

J. M. Aldrich, Charles P. Alexander, Karl W. T. Beling (from Dr.
C. P. Alexander), Emil Bergroth, John J. Davis, William T. Davis.
J. Henri Fabre (from Mr. Philip Laurent), G. F. Ferris, Morgan
Hebard, Otto Heideman (from Mr. J. 11. Paine), Herman Hornig,
Herbert K. Morrison (from Mrs. Morrison). Emily L. Morton (from
Mr. H. H. Newcomb), W. H. Patton (from Dr. L. O. Howard), Otto
mar Reinecke (from Mr. Philip Laurent), Herbert II. Smith (from Dr.
L. O. Howard).

74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

The Identity of Neominois ridings! and N. dionysus
(Lepidoptera, Satyridae).

By HENRY SKINNER.

Ridinc/si was described from four females taken at Burling-
ton, Boulder County, Colorado. The types of dionysus were
taken in the>,Juniper Mountains; on— Motmt Trumbull. This
mountain is "sixty miles east of St. George" in southern Utah.
N. stretchi Edw. is a synonym of rldingsi and the types were
taken in Nevada. AshtarotJi Strecker is a synonym of diony-
sus and the type was a female from Arizona. The question is
whether we have one or two species represented by these
names.

Scudder in his description of dionysus says it differs from
N. ridingsi, to which it is closely allied, by its larger size, its
more cinereous tints, and by the much more produced serra-
tions of the margins of all the banded markings of the hind
wings. None of these characters appear to be differential and
I have been unable to find characters that warrant the dividing
these two forms into distinct species. There is a difference
in size, but it only represents individual difference seen in
many species. The males range from 20 mm. (one wing) to
25 mm., and the females from 24 mm. to 28 mm. The color
varies considerably, but appears to be gradational and not dif-
ferential. The serrations of the margins of the bands on the
inferior wings are also gradational. The primary wings are
identical in all the specimens I have examined. The series in
the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia are from Whitehorn anad Glenwood Springs in Colorado:
Beaver Canyon, Idaho ; Medicine Bow, Wyoming, and Flag-
staff, Arizona. The dates of capture vary from June 23rd to
July 24th. Mr. W. H. Edwards gives an interesting account of
rldingsi and says it flies from early June and also states that
there is a late brood appearing in August and September. 1
have not seen any specimens with such late dates of appear-
ance. Mr. Scudder says the types of dionysus were taken
June 4th and June 7th to 10th.

David Bruce, who collected extensively in Colorado, states

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 75

that the two exist at the same altitude and cites ridingsi as
common near Denver and dionysus as abundant at Glenwood
Springs, Colorado. He records both forms from Salida, Colo-
rado. He infers that they are two species and that dion\sits
is found on sandy and desert tracts and ridingsi is found in
the short grass. We have a series of specimens from him,
doubtless from Glenwood Springs, but having only "Colorado"
on the pins. A series of specimens taken by Prof. A. ].
Snyder in Beaver Canyon, Idaho, July 24, 1895, shows very

Genitaiia of Neominois ridingsi, male.

considerable variation and both forms may be picked from this
series. The specimen from Flagstaff, Arizona, is a typical
ridingsi. The variations in the species do not appear to be due
to geographical variation or altitude.

There are not sufficient data to judge of the brood differ-
ences, but the first brood would be likely to be somewhat dif-
ferent from a late one. An examination of the genitalia of
the males shows no difference. The genitalic figure was made
by Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr. The original description spells the
name dionysus (Greek name of Bacchus). The lists spell the
name dionysius (the elder Tyrant of Syracuse). The original
spelling should be followed.

76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

Notes on the Occurrence and Distribution of Ant-
arctic Land Arthropods (Springtails and
Mites : Collembola and Acarina).

By H. E. EWING, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department

of Agriculture.

Although vast in extent, the south polar region and more
especially the Antarctic Continent itself, is remarkably devoid
of any extensive land flora or fauna. Our knowledge of the
occurrence of land arthropoda on this continent is in reality
quite meager. Almost all of the land species so far discovered
in this region belong to two orders, the Collembola and the
Acarina.

Statements to the effect that winged insects do not occur in
the Antarctic Region are not strictly correct, for Racovitza
reported a dipteron taken by the Antarctic expedition of the
"Belgica" (1897-1898), and Keilin has recently pointed out
that Racovitza had not one but two species. One of these
species, according to Keilin, belongs to the family Chironomidae
and the other to the family Sciaridae. The reason for this
apparent mistake by Racovitza was that he presumed that the
larvae accompanying the adult, which he determined as Belgica
antarctica Jacobs, were of the same species as the imago. Keilin
has made a special study of B. antarctica, and states that it
occurs along the strait of Gerlache between 64° and 65° 27'
south latitude. This is south and somewhat east of Cape Horn.

Several species of Collembola have been taken in the Ant-
arctic, and one of these as far south on the continent itself as
Granite Harbor, 77° S. lat. and 162° E. long., on the south-
trending continental coast-line of Victoria Land. The sig-
nificance of the distribution of the Collembola of the Antarctic
Region has been very ably discussed by Carpenter, who notes,
among other things, that the groups of springtails represented,
that were at one time considered characteristically arctic or
subarctic, are now known to occur in many places either on the
American continents or adjacent islands. This would seem to
indicate a former land connection between the Antarctic and
South American continents. Carpenter states: "We cannot

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77

doubt that this affinity points to a former connection between
the Antarctic continent of which the South Orkneys once
formed part, and the northern continents."

The other group of terrrestrial Arthropods represented in
the meager south polar fauna, the Acarina, have been studied
by Trouessart and by Berlese. It is interesting to note that
these two authorities on mites hold almost opposite views in
regard to the significance of the geographical distribution of
the Antarctic Acarina. It is largely because of noting this fact,
but also because of the present writer's knowledge of the
American Acarina. that these lines are written. A further
incentive is found, however, in the recent acquisition of a mite
collection from the Antarctic Region through Captain George
H. Wilkins. of the British Imperial Antarctic Expedition of
1920-21.

The material left by Captain Wilkins consisted of a vial of
insects and mites. Three species are represented, one spring-
tail and two mites. The specimens were collected on March
27, 1921, from Port Lockroy, Weinke Island, lat. 64.50 S.:
long. 63.30 W. This island is just off the coast of Graham's
Land. The material has been studied and slides made for the
United States National Museum. A report is here given.
Species found :

(1). A springtail, Cryptopygus crassus Carpenter. Many specimen-,
representing all stages, present. Specimens sent to Dr. Folsom for con-
firmation of determination.*

(2). A beetle mite, Halozctcs (Lucoppia) antarctica (Michael). Many
specimens representing various nymphal stages and both sexes of adult
stage.

(3). A camasid mite, Gamasellus (Gainasus) racoi'itzai (Trouessart).
A single male specimen found.

Captain Wilkins made the following note in regard to local
conditions, habits, etc., of the species found : "Local conditions:
Exposed cracked granite boulders at few feet above sea level
on which penguins make their nests. Black-backed gulls nest in

* Dr. Folsom writes that the specimens sent also agree with speci-
mens which Wahlgren referred to C. anturcticus Willem. Folsom also
states that he believes the correct name for this species is Ci'vp
untarcticus Willem.

78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

near locality. Bases of rocks are covered with penguin guano.
Insects are found beneath loose boulders in crevices sometimes
in separate colonies, sometimes together. Insects are active at
all hours of day during summer except when rain is falling, at
such time they seem to be unable to move if exposed to pres-
sure of moisture. The round-bodied species (Halozctcs ant-
arc tica} build dome-shaped brown cells closely connected but
only one story high. Other species apparently do not build any
kind of extra shelter."

There are known up to the present at least fourteen good
species of terrestrial Acarina from the Antarctic Region. These
species are well distributed in the order belonging, as they do,
to four different suborders and five different families. Since
some of these species are almost, if not quite, identical with
species occurring in the Arctics and others are of a wide
geographical distribution, Trouessart came to the conclusion
that the Antarctic continent had no distinctive acarid fauna.

Berlese, who worked with a much larger amount of material
and at a later date, came to the conclusion that two of the beetle
mite species (one of them Halozctes antarctica} were sufficiently
distinct to be placed in a new genus. He, therefore, established
in 1^16 the genus Halozetcs, having as its type H. antarctica
(Mich.). This genus, according to Berlese, includes species
exclusively of the antarctic fauna and have little of affinity
with the others which belong to the arctic, or subarctic. If
Berlese's contention is correct this is the only case of a strictly
endemic genus of Acarina thus far known in the Antarctic
Region.

When the writer first observed the specimens of Halosetes
antarctica, left by Captain Wilkins, he was especially struck;
with its resemblance to species with which he was familiar
from our own country and from Europe. A more careful
study of this species has been made, and the writer must insist
that it is in reality fairly near some of the temperate or tropical
species of the genus Lucofpia Berlese (type Zctcs lucornm
Koch). When the type species of Halozrtcs is compared with
that of Lncoppia- the differences between them appear to be
sufficiently distinct, but when the type species of Halozctes is

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 79

compared with various other species of Lucoppia. one is at a
loss as to where to draw the line of generic distinction. Cer-
tainly one would hardly conclude that Halozetes has very little
of affinity TC'/.'/I other genera known from arctic regions. Even
the tyjje of Berlese's genus Lucoppia, the old Zetes lucornm
Koch, which occurs throughout all Europe and most of North
America, is found in Spitzenbergen. The truth of the matter is
that species rather closely related to Halozctes antarctica
(Mich.) and H. belgieac (Mich.) are of practically worldwide
distribution. The genus is practically cosmopolitan. The writer
has described one species from decaying leaves and trash col-
lected at Columbia, Missouri, another from decaying mush-
rooms at Jordan, Minnesota ; another from moss, Nilgiri Hills,
India, while our Lucoppia pilosits (Banks) is probably found
throughout most of North America under a variety of condi-
tions.

In closing these notes the writer wishes to state that accord-
ing to his opinion, we are hardly justified in making any state-
ment at present to the effect that the Antarctic Region supports
a distinctive mite fauna that is of any significance whatever.
Doubtless a more complete survey will bring more interesting
and, very probably, quite remarkably distinct and character-
istic mite species to our attention. At least we would expect
so if we should draw any analogy from the bird fauna of this
region, which is remarkably distinctive and characteristic in

many respects.

— «»» —

Prosimulium fulvum Coquillett a Biting Species (Dip., Simuliidae).

In his report on the Black Flies, Mr. J. R. Malloch says* with regard
to this species: "There are no records of whether or not it hites either
man or animals." This being the case it seems desirahle to publish some
notes given by Mr. A. H. Twitchell regarding the species, specimens of
which were collected by Ir'm along Fourth-of-July Creek. Alaska, July
20, 1()21. He states: "They are not very common but I could get. a
hundred of them at that place in an hour. They bite horses about the
ears, inside or out and at times they bite around the eye and also go
into the mane. I have seem them on no other stock than horses, but
one bit me on the car."

Prosimulium fith'itin Coiiuillett ranges from Alaska south to British
Columbia, Montana and Colorado. It is the largest species of the fam-
ily in this country and the only yellow species known to occur in
Alaska. — W. T.. M< ATI-F. t". S. Biological Survey. Washington, D. C.

*Tech. Ser. Bui. 26, U. S. Bur. Ent. 1914, p. IS.

80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

The Juniper Webworm, Ypsolophus marginellus
Fabr. (Lepid., Gelechiidae).

By HARRY B. WEISS and RALPH B. LOTT, New Brunswick,

New Jersey.

This European species was first recorded as occurring in
America by Dr. E. P. Felt in the 26th Report of the State
Entomologist of New York1 where it is mentioned as having
been collected at Tarrytown and Plandome, N. Y., the larva
feeding on juniper. Smith in his New Jersey list2 mentions
the species but gives no localities. Britton3 states that it occurs
in Connecticut, giving Hartford, Meriden, Greenwich and
\Yilton as localities. In all cases, juniper is the recorded food
plant.

During the past several years, this species has been increas-
ing in several places in New Jersey and doing noticeable dam-
age. At present it is known definitely to occur at Rutherford,
Scotch Plains. Springfield and New Brunswick, principally in
nurseries. The larval feeding appears to be confined to the
foliage of Jnnipcnis coinuiitiiis and such varieties as anrca,
horizontalis, dcprcssa, hibcrnica, etc. Overwintering takes
place in a partly grown larval condition, one-half to almost full-
grown caterpillars hibernating in the webbed-up foliage. In
the northern half of New Jersey, the caterpillars become active
early in May, feeding on the more or less dry leaves and
becoming full grown and pupating in numbers from the middle
of May on. Pupation takes place in whitish, silken cases found
among the partly eaten and webbed-up needles. The first
moths issue about the last of May or first of June after a
pupation period of about fifteen days. On account of the
difference in size of the hibernating larvae, the moths appear
over a period of several weeks, the majority however emerging
about the middle of June. At this time they can be noted in
the field, flying in irregular dashes from one juniper to another
if disturbed.

Eggs are deposited singly and can be found in numbers dur-
ing the third week of June. As a rule they are laid on the new

!Mus. Bull. 147, p. 35. 1'MO (Diclmincris).
-Kept. N. J. State Mus. 1909 (Dichomeris) .
3 15th Kept. State Ent. Conn. p. 137, 1915 (Dichomeris) .

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOI OGICAL NEWS 81

terminal growth, each egg being deposited in the axil formed by
the stem and leaf. Many are found on the inner bases of the
developing leaves near the shoot from which the leaves arise.
Some are found on the surface of the shoots or stems. Usually
they are deposited singly, rarely in pairs but an entire terminal
shoot may bear several or more eggs. The incubation period is
not definitely known but larvae 0.5 mm. in length were first
found on July 8.

After hatching, the larvae feed on the upper epidermis of the
small leaves, causing them to turn brown in spots and later
entirely brown. About the last of July, when the larvae are
about 2 mm. in length, the webs are plainly visible. As the
larvae become older, their gregariousness becomes more pro-
nounced and the foliage is webbed -up more compactly. At
first the web includes the terminal shoot ; later several inches
behind the tip are included and such webbed-up shoots occur
on different parts of the plant, spoiling its ornamental appear-
ance. As the season progresses, the webs become larger, filled
with more excrement and the leaves become dry and dead.
Small junipers of the upright kind, such as hibcrnica, may be
webbed-up solid from top to bottom. There appears to be only
one brood each year, the caterpillars developing slowly during
the summer and hibernating during the cold months. In the
spring, when they become active, if no or little green food is
available, they appear to develop as readily on the dried foliage.
The webs vary in length from one inch to two or three inches
and longer, depending on the manner of growth of the plant
infested. Such nests contain from several to fifteen or more
larvae.

Egg. Length G.5 mm. Width 0.21 mm. Subcylindrical, with hroadly
rounded ends : ends almost flat ; one end slightly narrower than the
other; sides suhparallcl ; whitish when first laid, later becoming pinkish
or tinged with pink: chorion sculptured with numerous, longitudinal, ir-
regularly parallel wavy ridges.

Lar:\i. Length ahnut 14 mm. Width of head 1 mm. Klongate, nar-
row, subcylindrical, slightly tapering at both extremities. Head and pro-
thorax suhequal in width, remaining thoracic and abdominal segments,
except the 8th and 9th, slightly wider and subequal in length. Anterior
dorsal half of mesothorax and mctathorax with transverse plicae. Head
and body segments each bearing several, short, white hairs, most of them

82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

arising from dark tubercles. Crotchets of prolegs biordinal, those of
anal prolegs in two groups. Head dark reddish brown. Antennae yel-
lowish brown. Thoracic shield broad, a variable brown ; body light
brown, longitudinally marked as follows : median stripe reddish brown,
submedian stripes whitish, sublateral dark brown, lateral ones light red-
dish brown, all somewhat interrupted ; thoracic legs dark brown, prolegs
yellowish white, apically light brown ; anal plate reddish brown, pos-
terior margin dark.

Pupa. Length about 5.5 mm. Slender, reddish brown ; wing cases ex-
tending to fourth abdominal segment ; terminal segment subacute, nar-
rowly rounded with a cluster of 5 or 6 irregular, long, slender, hooked
spines.

Adult. This was described by Fabricius in 1781 (Spec. Insect. 2:307)
as Alucita ttwrfjhiclla, the original description being as follows: "alls
fusco nitidis, marginibus niueis. Habitat in Juniperetis Angliae. Mus.
Dom. Yeats. Media. Palpi carassi, bifidi, interne niuei, externe fuscae.
Caput niueum, antennis fuscis. Alae anticae fuscae, nitidae margine in-
teriore et exteriore late niueo. Posticae exalbidae immaculatae."

The adult is rather attractive. The forewings are brown
with white front and rear margins, the white disappearing
before reaching the apex of the wing. The hind wings are
uniformly pearl gray above and below, shining and heavily
fringed. The thorax and abdomen above and below are light
brown with a tuft of creamy white hairs on the head and
prothorax. The wing spread is about 15 mm., and length about
7 mm.

According to Rebel4 this species occurs in Europe except the
polar regions and Siberia. Meyrick5 mentions several English
localities. Central Europe and Northern Asia. He also lists
another species, YpsolopJuts junipcrellus, as occurring in a web
on juniper.

For the control of this species, it is recommended that in-
fested plants be sprayed or dusted with arsenate of lead during
the last of June or first part of July when the webs are small,
weak and easily penetrated. Later a dust could not be used
and a spray would be necessary to penetrate the more closely
webbed foliage. On some varieties of juniper, the dried nests
containing caterpillars could be cut and burned early in the
spring.

4 Cat. Lepid. Palaearc. Faun. 2: 159, 1901 (Nothris').
5Handb. Brit. Lepid., pp. 607-608, 1895 (Ypsolophus).

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 83

A Correction and a Protest (Col., Carabidae).

l'>y H. C. FALL, Tyngsboro, Massachusetts.

In the December, 1919, number of the Journal of the New
}'oi'k Entomological Society, Mr. Howard Notman concludes,
after a somewhat elaborate argument, that Hayward, in his
Review of the North American Species of Bcinbidimn, was in
error in suppressing the B. arcnatnin and probably also the
incrcnmtnni of LeConte as synonyms of the European dcntcl-
liun Thunb. Mr. Notman's points would seem to the casual
reader to be well taken, but unfortunately his conclusions rest
almost solely on his interpretation of the descriptions of the
species in question, while Hayward, as we know, had the
LeConte types before him at the time of writing, and being
notably conservative in his work it is fair to presume that he
would not have suppressed these names without good reason.

During a recent visit to the Museum at Cambridge I took the
opportunity to examine carefully the types of arcnatnin and
incrematum, and to compare them with a good and undoubtedly
authentic European series of dcntellum present in the Museum
collection, which comparison quite satisfied me that Hayward's
course was the correct one.

This incident is here mentioned, not so much to correct Mr.
Notman's misapprehension in this particular case, as to express
a protest against the custom, all too common of late, of creating
so-called new species on differences evolved from a too rigid
interpretation of the descriptions of the earlier authors. To
cite a single instance out of many : There occurs on the
Southern California seashore a rare and aberrant little Ca rabid,
described by LeConte, under the name Lyuinacinn Iciticcps,
afterward referred to Bembidium. In the brief description the
color is given as piceous tinged with rufous, and the thorax
is said to be not wider than the head. Tn a recent paper Col.
Casey describes as new Lyimicops angusticeps from the same
region and having the same- peculiar characters, but held to be
distinct because of the color being pale red brown with a discal
fuscous cloud, and the head not as wide as the thorax. As a
matter of fact the head is not as wide as the thorax in the
type of laticcps and the color is substantially as described of
angusticeps. In other words, Casey's description of any us-

84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

ticcps fits LeConte's type of laticcps better than does the orig-
inal diagnosis. I have in my collection specimens from San
Pedro, California, the type locality of angnsticeps, which are
unquestionably the same thing, and which show conclusively
that angusticeps is an absolute synonym of the LeContean
species.

Here the responsibility for the synonym rests, 1 think, not
so much upon the rather trifling inexactness of the old Latin
diagnosis, as upon the failure to allow for this in the face of
the prinm facie probability that the San Diego type and the
nearby San Pedro specimens were specifically identical. As a
perfectly true generalization we may say that every description,
no matter how carefully drawn up, is in some degree inadequate,
or as my friend Banks more strongly put it during a recent
conversation at the Museum,— -"descriptions never can be relied
upon." That there is a very large kernel of truth in this some-
what epigrammatic statement must be evident when we reflect
that no two taxonomists would describe the same insect in the
same way or in precisely equivalent terms ; nor on the other
hand would a given description convey precisely the same
meaning to two different individuals, or even to the same in-
dividual under different conditions, the interpretation as well as
the description depending upon general experience, degree of
familiarity with the group in question, and that very real but
indefinite bias known as the personal equation, not to mention
certain other incidental factors which may further color the
views of the individual.

All this of course is perfectly well known, and yet its entire
disregard in some quarters coupled with a tendency to magnify
into specific characters the inevitable more or less trifling in-
dividual or local variations to which all organic species are
subject, is burdening our literature with a mass of useless
names which serve only to further obstruct and befog an
already difficult pathway. Since of the making of species as
"of the making of many books there is no end," we should at
least see to it that our creations rest on reasonably secure
foundations, lest we give further cause for the mental reserva-
tion which a glance at the new check list excites in most of us,
best expressed perhaps by the misquotation — of a truth there
are fewer things in heaven and earth than are dreamed of in
our philosophy.

XXxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 85

A New Diplopod from British Guiana taken at
Quarantine at Philadelphia.

I'.y RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
A number of myriopods were found in soil around a potted
palm from Georgetown, British Guiana, by Inspector Chester
A. Davis who took the plant from a passenger on the American
schooner "Rosalie Hall" at Philadelphia on May 23, 1921.
Among these are two specimens of the chilopod Me cist o-
ccphalns iiui.villaris (Gervais) which, it may be noted, was
first described at Paris in 1837 from a specimen apparently
similarly immigrant. One symphylid occurs, this being the
widespread Scutigerella innuaculata (Newport). The diplo-
pods represented comprise a female of the tropicopolitan
Orthonwrpha coarctafa (Saussure), two very young spirobo-
loids probably belonging to Rhinocricns, and the interesting
new nannolenid described below, this being represented In
several males and females.

TRICHONANNOLENE, gen. nov.

Gnathochilarium as in Epinannolenc. Ocelli present. Head
and tergites clothed with numerous short hairs. Gonopods of
male with telopodite presenting a slender branch octal in posi-
tion and fitting into a notch of the principal branch: the latter
broad, not two-pronged as in Epmannolene. Posterior legs of
seventh segment in male abortive. Genotype, — T. (juiiuiaims,
sp. no\ .

Trichonannolene guiananus, sp. nov.

Dark brown, with head, antennae and legs paler.

Head proportionately broad; with no distinct median sulcus across ver-
tex; clothed with numerous short, straight hairs. Antennae with second
aiticle narrower than the first, slender and widening distad, the other
joints widening clavately distad to the fifth, the sixth cylindrical, the
seventh short and narrower. Hyes widely separated; composed of com-
paratively few, small and often indistinct, ocelli which are normally in
two series or with one in a third; e. g., 2. 4; ,\ .1; .1. 4; and 1. 3, 2.

Col him with caudal margin nearly straight, the anterior margin con-
vex ; lower ends indexed beneath, rather narrowly rounded, the anterior
margin flattened or slightly notched a little above the lower end; with
four principal striae beneath on each side, these striae line and curving'
upward anteriorly so as to parallel anterior margin for a short distance.
With numerous regularly spaced ^etae similar to those of head.

86

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Mar., '22

Segments of body deeply constricted, with posterior division longer
and somewhat thicker than the anterior. Pore well removed caudad
from furrow. Tergites behind constricting furrow clothed conspicu-
ously with numerous short straight hairs, similar ones also present on
anal tergite and valves.

Last tergite widely rounded behind, equalled or a little exceeded by
the valves. Valves weakly margined, flattened on each side. Anal scale
with caudal margin nearly straight.

Trichonannolene guiananus gen. et sp. nov. Gonapods of male, posterior view.

The gonopods of male as shown in the accompanying figure. Behind
the gonopods a pair of minute, conical appendages represent the pos-
terior legs of the segment in abortive condition.

Number of segments in male, thirty-one to thirty-eight; in the female,
to forty-four.

Length, to about 12 mm.

Type in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.

Food during Captivity of the Water-Striders, Gerris
remigis Say and Gerris marginatus Say (Hem.).1

By C. F. CURTTS RILEY, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg,

Canada.

The writer has been giving attention to the general habitat
responses of water-striders for the past ten years. In the
course of these investigations, a considerable amount of data

1 Certain phases of the food problem of aquatic Hemiptera have been
discussed by me in another paper, in which reference is made to the
food of water-striders: 1918. Riley, C. F. C. Food of Aquatic Hem-
iptera. Science, N. S., Vol. XLVIII, pp. 545-547.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87

has been accumulated in connection with their food habits. In
this short paper it is the intention to direct attention to certain
different kinds of food used by Gcrris rcmigls Say and Gcrris
marginatiLS Say while in captivity in aquaria.

In my habitat studies of these two species, it has been noticed
that Gcrris rcuiiyis feeds on a variety of insect food, and the
same is true with respect to Gcrris inaryinatits. Additional
information was obtained on this tendency toward omnivorous
feeding, while studying water-striders during confinement in
aquaria. Many observations were recorded \vith respect to the
kind of food that was eaten.

It was found that both Gcrris rcinii/is and Gcrris marginatus
will feed on the pupae and adults of Gulc.r sp., small and large
species of Tipulid flies, Syrphid flies. Musco doincstica, Chiron-
oinns sp., Tabaiuts sp., and Drosophila anipclophila.

Gcrris rcmiyis is a more vigorous and daring feeder than is
Gcrris marginal us and has been observed to feed on Notonccta
nndnlata, Chrysopa sp., Calopteryx inacitlata, Ifctacrina aincr-
icana, and Arctocorixa sp.

My observations seemed to indicate that both species of
water-striders are flesh feeders, but when they have been de-
prived of food for several weeks, they are, apparently, not
particular as to the character of their food. Both Gcrris re in it/is
and Gcrris marginatus were noticed as they were feeding on
the soft parts of banana fruit and also on the inner softer
portions of the skin. Several persons in the laboratory saw
this unusual form of response. During confinement in aquaria,
both species suck the juices of freshly killed snails, Pliysa sp.
and Planorbis sp. and also small pieces of fresh beef.

Gcrris remit/is and Gcrris margmatus display cannibalistic
responses in their own habitat. When their brook habitat so
shrinks in volume, during a drought, that then- remain only
a few small isolated pools in the bed of the stream, thus de-
priving the gerrids of food, they will attack members of their
own species. This somewhat unusual respond- has been oh
served to nrcur in aquaria. Gcrris remit/is not infrequently
seizes and sucks the body juices of weaker individuals of its
own kind and also of Gcrris marginatus. Gerris iiniryinatiis
has been seen to feed on the weaker members of its own species.

88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

These cannibalistic traits are more in evidence when the gerrids
have been deprived of food for two or more weeks. This
statement regarding the cannibalism of these two species of
water-striders is somewhat at variance with the observations of
McCook2, who has not seen such food responses of gerrids.

While most of the observations on water-striders in captivity
seem to indicate that they prefer fresh food, yet they have been
seen to feed on recently dead insects and also on those that
have been dead so long that they are beginning to decay. Both
G err is rcmigis and Gcrris marginatits have been observed to
use as food freshly killed and stale individuals of their own
kind, also Miisca domestica and Drosophila ampelophila in a
similar condition.

These observations seem to indicate that both species of
gerrids are indiscriminate feeders and apparently will use as
food many kinds of animal bodies. Little choice appears to be
shown, so long as it is possible to push their bill-like mouth-
parts through the exoskeleton into the softer tissues.

A Shower of Corixidae (Heter.).

In 1917 the writer published a Review of instances of "Showers of
Organic Matter"* and genuine cases of insect rain were found to be
few. This year the writer received, through the kindness of Dr. A. K.
Fisher, a mass of Corixidae with the following note by Mrs. A. P.
Bigelow, of Ogden, Utah, the collector.

"I am mailing you a box containing samples of a swarm of insects
which fell near here last night. A few were dead and the living were
unable to raise themselves from the ground though provided with tiny
gauze wings. They fell in a thick swarm covering a space not to exceed
six feet and pattered like hail on the straw hat of the farmer as he sat
by his door about 9 P. M. They lay thickly covering the ground. I saw
them this morning (August 3, 1921) still unable to fly and lying in
thick heaps."

Subsequent inquiry developed the fact that there was no light which
might have attracted the insects. This question, among others, asked for
safety's sake, was really unnecessary since such small insects rarely if
ever, come to light in numbers so great as to form "thick heaps."

These water boatmen (of the genera Ramphocorixa and Corf.ro) had
a generally frayed appearance, and although no unusual wind was noted
when they fell it is probable that somewhere on their journey they had
encountered some destructive wind phenomenon that resulted in their
precipitation to the ground. — W. L. McATEE, U. S. Biological Survey,
Washington, D. C.

- 1907. McCook, H. C. Nature's Craftsmen. New York, p. 267.

* Monthly Weather Review, 45, pp. 217-224, May, 1917.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1922.

Those Incomplete Titles Again.

Several times in recent years we have had occasion to call
attention to the derelictions of authors and editors in the mat-
ter of incomplete titles of papers. An editorial under this
caption appeared in the NEWS for June, 1915, page 280. In
a set of "New Year's Resolutions for the Entomologist," in
our issue for January, 1920, page 22, was one reading:

6. Add the names of the Order and the Family, to which the insectb
treated belong, to the title of your paper.

It seems hardly necessary to point out again the reasons
for this addition.

We lately had to sort out some publications of the Federal
Department of Agriculture for definite purposes and to group
them by orders and families. Here are some of the snags we
struck :

Wade & Boving. Biology of Embaphion muricatum. 1921.
Beyer. Garden Flea Hopper in Alfalfa and its Control. 1921.
Snyder. Injury to Casuarina trees in Southern Florida by the Man-
grove Borer. 1919.

Brooks. Spotted Apple-tree Borer. 1920.

Hofer. The Aspen Borer and How to Control it. 1920.

The list could be extended easily. In all of these cases it
was necessary to hunt through the text to learn the family and
order. A professional economic entomologist would probably
not have had our difficulty, but presumably the publications in
question are not intended for his use alone, and even the term
"I'.orer" is, we observe, not co-extensive with the name of
any one order. The Federal Government should set us a
better example and help us to conserve our time as well as our
foods.

89

90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

Notes and Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF

THE GLOBE

Bird Lice (Mallophaga) Attaching Themselves to Bird Flies
(Dip., Hippoboscidae).

Finding two instances of this phenomenon led the writer to look up
previous records. In this he has had the help of Dr. Joseph Becquaert.
The latter and Mr. J. R. Malloch named the bird flies concerned in the
present cases and Mr. E. A. Chapin the bird lice. In each of the two
instances the fly was Ornithoinyia ai'icularia L. as our slightly differ-
entiated form is still known, and it happened also that the louse in each
case was the same, namely, Degccriclla rotundata Osborn. One collec-
tion was made at the mouth of the Macfarlane River, Lake Athabaska,
Saskatchewan, Aug. 11, 1920, by Francis Harper, from what bird is not
stated, and the other from a western crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos
hcspcris} taken near Ontario, Oregon, Sept. 30, 1920, by E. R. Kalm-
oach. In both cases the mallophagan had attached itself to the hip-
poboscid by biting the mandibles into the upper surface of the abdomen
near the hind margin.

References in the literature to cognate observations are :
[BANKS, NATHAN.] Entomological Notes from the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, Psyche, Vol. 27, No. 1, Feb., 1920, p. 20.

Two specimens of Mallophaga on an Ornithoinyia, one on each side
near the tip of the abdomen.
FORSIUS, RUNAR. Ueber den Transport von Mallophagen durch Ilip-

pobosciden. Meddel af. Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 38, pp. 58-

60, Feb. 3, 1912.

A mallophagan, probably Nirnnts quadratuhts Nitzsch, fastened at base
of wing of Ornithoinyia aricularia L. p. 58.

Two mallopbaga, one on the hind tibia, one on the abdominal hairs of
an Ornithoinyia ai'icularia L., one of them being identified as Nirinus
uncinosus Nitzsch. p. 59.
JACOBSON, Enw. Mallophaga transported by Hippoboscidae. Tijds.

voor Ent. 54, 1911, pp. 168-9.

"mallophagan clasped between the legs" of an Ornithoeca pusilla Schiner.
MTOBERG, ERIC. Studien iiber Mallophagen und Anopluren. Arkiv. f.

Zoologi, VI, No. 13, 1910, p. 10.

7 Docophorus Icontodon Nitzsch on one, 3 upon another specimen of
Ornithoinyia, firmly attached to long hairs of abdomen.
[SHARP, DAVID.] [Mallophagan on Ornithomyia.] Proc. Ent. Soc.

Lond., 1890, p. xxx.

Dr. Sharp exhibited a specimen of O. aricnlarc L., collected at Dart-
ford, England, "to which were firmly adhering — apparently by their man-
dibles— several specimens of a mallophagous insect."
WANACH, B. Transport eines Philopterus durch Ornithomyia avicularia

L. Ent. Rundschau, 27, No. 17, Sept. 1, 1910, p. 121. ""fest an den

Hinterleib."

The extent to which the H'ppoboscid genus Ornithomyia figures in tin-
above records is rather surprising, certainly more than would be expect-
ed considering the abundance of flies of this genus relative to others in
the family. — W. L. McAiEE, U. S. Biological Survey, Washington, D. C.

XXxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 91

Save the Zoological Record!

[We reprint the following note entitled "The Zoological Record'
from Science for Dec. 30, 1921.]

"The Zoological Record, which was founded in 1864 by English
zoologists, has been issued regularly ever since and contains each year a
complete bibliography of all publications connected with zoology. It is
now the sole work of the kind, and is invaluable to all workers in every
branch of zoology.

"Previous to 1914 The Zoological Record formed part of the 'hit* •;
national Catalogue of Scientific Literature,' and was issued under the
joint responsibility of the Royal Society and the Zoological Society. As
the Royal Society found itself unable to proceed with the volumes of the
'International Catalogue' after the issue for 1914, the Zoological Society
has undertaken to prepare and issue the volumes for 1915-1920, inclusive,
at its sole financial risk.

"It is the wish of the record committee of the Zoological Society to
continue the publication of this most useful work, but it is obvious that
they cannot expect the Society to undertake the heavy financial liability
involved in publication unless they receive reasonable support from
working zoologists both at home and abroad.

"I hope, therefore, that all working zoologists who agree with me
that the suspension of the publication of the Record would have a most
disastrous effect on the progress of zoology, will either subscribe them-
selves or will urge the librarians of the institutions with which they are
connected to do so.

"A prospectus and form of subscription either for the whole or separ-
ate divisions of the Record can be had on application to the Zoological
Society. \V. L. SCLATER, Editor.

"Zoological Society of London, London, X. W. 8."

The Mulford Biological Exploration of the Amazon Basin.
News Bulletin No. 6.

It is with greatest regret that we have to confirm previous reports
of the ill health of Dr. Rusby, the Director of the Mulford Exploration.
Some of the earlier messages from the Exploration party indicated that
Dr. Rusby was suffering from an infected tooth and from neuritis as
early as last August. Although his suffering was continuous and un-
abating in severity, yet he could not be persuaded to give up nor to
alter the plans which he had laid down for himself. He gamely con-
tinued to work strenuously at his botanical collection at every possible
opportunity and he not only pursued vigorously his own department of
the work, but set himself grimly to the task of directing, controlling
and planning for the general work and progress of the expedition.
With all this he found time to write many letters and to keep detailed
records and accounts of many subjects outside of his own botanical
work. By the middle of November, his condition had become so bad
that he was compelled to give up, not because of the pain and .suffering,
which he seems to have borne with a remarkable stoicism, but because
the crippling effect of his neuritis made it very difficult for him to get
about and he decided that it would be better for him to come home
rather than continue as a drag and hindrance on the work of the
others. He expected to reach New York sometime before March 1.

This decision being taken, the duties of the Director of the Hxpedi-

92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

tion were turned over to Dr. W. M. Mann, Assistant Curator in the
Division of Insects of the U. S. National Museum, and a man of wide
experience in tropical travel and collecting. Under his direction the
party will continue its work in Bolivia and Western Brazil, making
studies and collections in the valleys of the Rio Beni and some of its
tributaries, including the Rio Negro and Rio Ivon. The trip into Col-
ombia as originally planned, was modified, and the party will con-
tinue its work in Bolivia and Brazil until March or April. The botani-
cal work of the expedition is being continued by Dr. O. E. \Vhite, a
representative of the Brooklyn Botanical Gardens and Harvard Uni-
versity, assisted by Seiior Cardenas, a young Bolivian botanist of prom-
ise, who was taken on as a member of the party at the request of the
Bolivian Department of Agriculture.

In spite of the change of plans for the Colombian part of the jour-
ney and the early termination of Dr. Rusby's active work in the field,
we feel confident that the results when ultimately gathered together
will prove the expedition to have been well worth while and to have
fully repaid expenditures made therefor. Before Dr. Rusby left the
party they had collected over 3000 plant numbers and to this many
more will be added. They have already shipped to this country many
boxes containing specimens of economic importance. Other depart-
ments of the work of the expedition have been equally successful. Dr.
Mann has collected over 100,000 insects, including 125 different
species of ants. The collection of fish is also important and growing
rapidly as they descend to the deeper and wider rivers.

R. H. HUTCHISON, Secretary, Philadelphia, Pa.

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not' listed.

7 Annals of The Entomological Society of America, Columbus,

Ohio. 10 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washing-
ton, D. C. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London.
12— Journal of Economic Entomology, Concord, N. H. 21— The
Entomologist's Record, London. 24— Annales de la Societe Ento-
mologique de France, Paris. 30 — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, The
Hague, Holland. 49 — Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem.
50 Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 61 — Pro-
ceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

68 Science, Utica, Garrison & New York. 81 — The Journal of

Parasitology, Urbana, Illinois. 85 — The Journal of Experimental

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 93

Zoology, Philadelphia. 89 — Zoologische Jahrbucher, Jena. 100 — •
Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods
Hole, Mass. 110 — Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Jena.
114 — Entomologische Rundschau, Stuttgart. 133 — Zoologica. Scien-
tific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society.

GENERAL. Andreae, H.— Sammelgerate. 49, x. 199-200. Fox,
W. H.— Obituary. 10, xxiii, 21 '.',. Hoffmann, W. H.— Kin denkmal
fur Carlos Finlay in Habana. 49, x, 104-."). Phillips & Poos— A
lamp for taxonomic work in entomology. 12, xiv, 504-(>. Seaver,
F. J. — Some wood-boring insects. (Amer. Forestry, xxvii. 769-78.)

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. de Baillon, P. C.— Note
sur le mecanisme de la stridulation chez Meconema varium (Phas-
gonuridae). 24, xc, 69-80. Bodine, J. H.— The effect of light and
decapitation on the rate of CO2 output of certain Orthoptera. 85,
xxxv, 47-55. Forbes, W. T. M. — The small primaries of lepidopter-
ous larvae. 7, xiv, 344. Gerhardt, U. — Neue studien uber copula-
tion und spermatophoren von Grylliden und Locusticlen. (Acta
Zool. Stockholm, 1921, 241-327.) Harvey, E. N.— The nature of
animal light. (J. B. Lippincott Company, 1920, 182 pp.) Minnich,
D. E. — The chemical sensitivity of the tarsi of the red admiral but-
terfly, Pyrameis atlanta. 85, xxxv, 57-81. Pratje, A.— Zur chemie
des Noctiluca-zellkermes. Zeit. f. Ges. Anat., Ivii. 170-32.) Riley,
C. F. C. — Responses of the large water-strider, Gerris remigis, to
contact and light. 7, xiv, 231-89. Whiting, P. W.— Studies on the
parasitic wasp, Hadrobracon brevicornis. 100, xli, 153-55.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Chamberlin, R. V.— The centipeds of Cen-
tral America. 50, Ix, Art. 7. Welsh, F. R. — Poisonous spiders. 68,
Iv, 49. Wickware, A. B. — An unusual form of scabies in fowls. .81,
viii, 90-91.

NEUROPTERA. Folsom, J. W.— A new Entomobrya. 133, iii,
237-8.

HEMIPTERA. Essig, E. O.— (See under Hymenoptera.) Mc-
Atee, W. L.— The periodical cicada, 1919; brief notes for the District
of Columbia region. 10, xxiii, 211-1:5. Osborn, H. — Two tachigalia
membracids. 133, iii, 233-4.

Hoke, G. — Observations on the structure of the Oraceratubae and
some new Lepidosaphine scales. 7, xiv, 337-43.

LEPIDOPTERA. d'Almeida, R. F.— Notes sur quelques lepi-
dopteres d'Amerique du sud. 24, xc, 57-C>5. Cockayne, E. A. — The
white border of Euvanessa antiopa. 21, xxxiii, 205-10. Fassl, A. H.
— Zwei Papilio-novitaten aus Brasilien. 114, xxxix, 1. Fox, C. L.—
An account of a collecting trip in the high Sierra. (Lorquinia, Los
Angeles, 1919, 7-10.) Kruger, E.— Papilio laodamas und verwandte
in Kolumbicn und das weibchen von laodamas laodamas. 114, xxxix,

94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

3-4. Lathy, P. I. — An account of the Castniinae in the collection of
Madame Gaston Fournier. (South American.) 11, ix, 68-86. Seitz,
A. — Die systematische stellung der Zygaeniden. 114, xxxix, 1-3.

DIPTERA. Duda, Dr. — Fiebrigella und Archiborborus, zwei
neue sudamerikanische Borboriden gattungen. 30, Ixiv, 119-146.
Felt, E. P.— A new Diadiplosis. 133, iii, 225-G. Greene, C. T.— An
illustrated synopsis of the puparia of 100 Muscoid flies. 50, Ix, Art.
10. Huckett, H. C. — On the morphology of the ovipositor of certain
Anthomyian genera. 7, xiv, 290-328. Lundbeck, W. — New species
of Phoridae from Denmark, together with remarks on Aphiochaeta
groenlandica. (Vidensk. Mecldcl., Dansk Naturh. Foren. Koben-
haven, Ixxii, 129-43.) Young, B. P. — Attachment of the abdomen
to the thorax of Diptera. (Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta., Mem. 44.)

Curran, C. H.- — Revision of the Pipiza group of the family Syr-
phidac from north of Mexico. 61, xi, 345-393. McAtee, W. L.—
Notes on Nearctic Bibionid flies. 50, Ix, Art. 11. Reinhard, H. J.—
Some new species of Texas Tachinidae. 7, xiv, 329-336.

COLEOPTERA. Boving, A. G.— The larvae and pupae of the
social beetles, Coccidotrophus socialis, and Eunausibius wheeleri,
with remarks on the taxonomy of the family Cucujidae. 133, iii, 197-
224. Champlain, A. B. — A long-lived woodborer. 68, Iv, 49-50.
Hauser, G. — Die Damaster-Coptolabrus-gruppe der gattung Cara-
bus. 89, Abt. f. Syst., xiv, 1-389. Heller, K. M. — Systematische und
faunistische notizen uber kaefer. 49, x, 195-8. Schwarz & Barber-
Descriptions of new species of C. 133, iii, 189-94. Wheeler, W. M.
—A study of some social beetles in British Guiana and of their rela-
tions to the ant -plant Tachigalia. Notes on the habits of European
and N. Am. Cucujidae. 133, iii, 35-1 3(i: 173-83.

Fisher, W. S. — A new Cerambycid beetle from California. 10,
xxiii, 200-8. Van Zwaluwenburg, R. H. — Melanotus hyslopi n. sp.
10, xxiii, 210-11.

HYMENOPTERA. Brues. C. T.— A new Blepyrus. 133, iii,
229-30. ^Claassen, P. W. — Typha insects: their ecological relation-
ships. (Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta.. Mem. 47.) Essig, E. O.— The
argentine ant builds earthen protections for mealy bugs. 12, xiv,
506-8. Friese, H. — Ueber die kegelbiencn (Coelioxys) Brasiliens.
89, xliv, Abt. f. Syst., 420-86. Heikertinger, F.— Tauschende ahn-
lichkeit mit ameisen (Myrmekoidie). 110, 1921, 709-13. Wade &
Myers— Observations relative to recent recoveries of Pleurotropis
epigonus. 10, xxiii, 202-6. Wheeler, W. M. — The Tachigalia ants.
133, iii, 137-72.

Cushman, R. A. — North American Tchneumon-flies of the genera
Clistopyga and Schizopyga. 50, Ix, Art. 4.

XXxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 95

CATALOGUE OF INDIAN INSECTS. Part I — ACRVDIDAE (TETTH.IDAK), by
T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER. Calcutta. Superintendent of Government
Printing, India. 1921. 40 pp. 11 Annas.

This section of the proposed catalogue brings up to date the list ot
species of the Indian Acrydiidae, offering several very important im-
provements over the last comprehensive catalogue of this division of
the Orthoptera. The most important* of these lies in giving, on the page
margins, the exact localities given in the list of references, referring
these to each reference by small numerals. In this way the localities
originally given by each author can be determined at a glance.

Another decided improvement is tbe omission of numbers, which in
Kirby's Catalogue were given even more than usual importance, as
they were used for genotypic citations.

In the present Catalogue the genotype is in every instance cited and.
if described from a locality outside of India, that locality is given. We
believe the system would have been improved, had a reference to the
original genotypic designation been given.

The present section is well handled and the Catalogue should be of
the highest value to students of Indian Entomology.

We are, as a rule, not in favor of general catalogues and believe
that, unless thorough and complete in every detail, they can be ot
real disadvantage to the student, who, relying on such, is sure to miss
the literature overlooked. In the present case, however, it is evident
that a general catalogue of Indian insects is greatly needed and the
present section promises well for a thorough and satisfactory series.—
M. HEBARD.

THE BULLETIN OF THE HILL MUSEUM, Vol. 1, Xo. 1. A magazine
of Lepidopterology. Edited by J. J. Joicey and G. Talbot, with the
assistance of L. B. Prout, A. E. Prout and W. Hawker-Smith. Issued
October 17th, 1921, at the Hill Museum, Witley, Surrey, England.
With 24 photographic plates of Lepidoptera and 8 photographs of other
subjects. London. John Bale, Sons and Danielson. Oxford House,
83-91 Great Tichficld St., Oxford St., W. Price 30s. There are 200 pages
including the index.

"Tin's magazine has been established by Mr. J. J. Joicey for the pur-
pose of giving to the entomological world the results of studies car-
ried out at the Hill Museum, Witley." An interesting account is given
of the museum and the personnel of the scientific staff, and the large
and valuable collections it contains. A bibliography of the previous
publications of the museum is given. The first paper in the new jour-
nal is by George Talbot and is entitled, "Euploeincs Forming Mimetic
Groups in the Islands of Key, Aru, Tcnimber, Australia and Fiji."
The other papers arc as follows: "New Lepidoptera Collected by Mr.

* Kirby, Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera, III, PP- 1 to 62.

96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '22

T. A. Barns, in East Central Africa," by G. Talbot. "Descriptions of
New Forms of Lepidoptera from the Island of Hainan," by J. J.
Joicey and G. Talbot. Judging from the first number this magazine
promises to be of great value and interest to the Lepidopterist and we
will look forward to seeing much scientific work come from the Hill
Museum. — H. S.

Doings of Societies.

Entomological Workers in Ohio Institutions.

At the annual state meeting held in the Botany and Zoology Building,
Ohio State University, Columbus. Friday, February 3, 1922, the fol-
lowing papers were read :

GENERAL. A. E. Miller. — Problem of a Collector. R. C. Osburn—
The Tabulation of Specific Characters of Insects. Miss Mary Auten — •
Insects Associated with Spider Nests. T. G. Phillips — The Chemistry
of some Common Insecticides. J. T. Potgieter and T. J. Naude —
Economic Entomology in South Africa. E. C. Cotton — Notes of the
Year on Inspection Work. J. W. Bulger — Control of some Greenhouse
Insects.

EPHEMERIDA. F. H. Krecker — Emergence of a May-fly from its
Nymphal Skin under Pelagic Conditions.

ODONATA C. H. Kennedy — The Origin of Put-in-Bay Dragon Fly
Fauna.

COLEOPTERA. W . C. Kraatz — A New Feeding Habit of a Dermestid
Larva. W. V. Balduf — Parasites of the Cucumber Beetle. J. S.
Houser — The Apple Flea Weevil. C. R. Neiswander and R. F. Chris-
man — Hibernation Responses of the Asparagus Beetle.

HEMIPTERA. C. H. Waid — Observations on the Potato Leafhopper.
T. H. Parks — Experiments and Demonstrations in the Control of
Potato Leafhoppers and Hopperburn. Herbert Spencer — Aphid Para-
sites and Hyperparasites. C. R. Outright — Relative Efficiency of Some
Aphid Predators. D. M. DeLong — The Genus Dcltoccphalns. Some
Notes on the Ecology and Distribution of the North American Species.
H. L. Dozier — Male Genitalia of Delphacids. H. E. Evans — Observa-
tions on San Jose Scale in Southwestern Ohio.

LEPIDOPTERA. E. W. Mendenhall — Observations on the European
Corn Borer.

DIPTERA. H. A. Gossard — Hessian Fly Emergence at Sandusky, Ohio,
in 1921. M. B. Jimison — Three Years of Hessian Fly Control Work
in Erie County, Ohio. J. S. Hine — Syrphidae Common to Europe and
America.

The following officers were elected for 1922: President, T. H. Parks;
Vice President, J. S. Hine; Secretary, W. V. Balduf.

T. H. PARKS, Secretary.

Butterflies.—

Collectors who wish to
obtain Specimens from

India, Burma and Ceylon, should write to W. R. McMul-

len, Port Blair, Andaman Isles.

NEW ARRIVALS FROM JAPAN AND INDIA.

Large Stock of Specimens from Ecuador, Cameroon, Celebes and Europe.
To be sold singly and in lots at very reasonable prices.

Lists on Application.
A GOOD LINE OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES.

"THE BUTTERFLY STORE"

0. FULDA, PROP., 63 FIFTH AVE.. NEW YORK

Tropical African (Uganda) Butterflies and Moths, Etc.

Excellent Material. Great Variety.

Apply for particulars and prices.

R. A. DUMMER. Care S. A Museum, Cape Town, South Africa.

FOR SALE

A COLLECTION OF CARABUS AND CALOSOMA

One of the ranking collections of Europe, containing over 1200 species
and varieties, represented by more than 8000 specimens, collected in all parts
of the world.

Owner: — L. Gylek, Wahringerstrasse 132, Vienna XVIII, Austria.
A detailed list of species may be obtained from

E. D. QUIRSFELD
HILLSDALE, NEW JERSEY

a shut-in invalid and very thankful to hear fr; m any-
Qne tjiat wjjj piease give, exchange, or sell one or more
perfect specimens or live pupae of large moths, such as Luna, Selene, Ori-
zaba, Jorulla, Splendida, Promethea, Calletta, Ilyperchiria Io, Budh-
Incarnata, Luecane, Polyphemus, Imperialis, Cecropia, Cynthia, Papilio,
etc. Luna pupae and midget mounts for sale.

WILLIAM ENGELHART, Cooley Farm, Warrensville, Ohio

NEW ARRIVALS

From Colombia, South America:
OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING

Morpho cypris Morpho amathonte

sulkowskyi Calico spp.

From Cuba:
1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING

Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali

andraemon Erinyis guttalaris

celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.

" devilliersi

From Venezuela :

Over 5000 Lepidoptera

200 Dynastes Hercules

From New Guinea

2000 Coleoptera
200 Orthoptera

From Assam, India:
1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDINC

Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis

philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi

And Many Other Showy Species

From Tibet (Bhutan) :
Annandia lidderdalii Parnassins hardwicki

CATALOGUES OF

ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS
ON APPLICATION

If interested kindly send your list
of desiderata for further information to

THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA

Department of Natural Science New York

G. Lagai, Ph.D. 56-58 West 23d Street

APRIL, 1922

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXIII No. 4

CHARLES ALFRED BLAKE
1834-1903

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.

E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:
EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A.

PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WEXZEL.

^B^ Ai

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SPECIAL NOTICE TO AUTHORS

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXX1I1.

Plate V.

PHAEOSES SABINELLA, 1,2; OXYELOPHILA CALLISTA, 3; GELECHIA ARENELLA, 4;

G. PETASITIS, 5 —FORBES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXIII

APRIL, 1922

No. 4

CONTENTS

Forbes — Five Strange Lepidoptera
(Oinophilidae, Noctuidae, Gele-
chiidae) .... 97

The University of Michigan-William-
son Expedition to Brazil 104

Kennedy — The Phylogeny and the Geo-
graphical Distribution of the Genus
Libellula ( Odonata) 105

Hall— A Carbon-tetrachloride Killing
Bottle 112

Williamson— Enallagmas Collected in
Florida and South Carolina by
Jesse H. Williamson with Descrip-
tions of Two New Species (Odo-
nata, Agrionidae) 114

Information on Bibliographies and Cat-
alogs Wanted. 118

Editorial — Zoological Bibliographies.. 119

Marchand — Aphis-Lion Attacking Man
(Neur. , Chrysopidae) 120

McAtee — Note on Abundance of Mos-
quitoes ( Dip., Culicidae) 121

To the American Subscribers of the
Concilium Bibliographicum (Zu-
rich) 122

Entomological Literature 123

Obituary— Dr.Thomas Algernon Chap-
man, Dr Georg von Seidlitz, Dr.
George Blundell Longstaff, Freder-
ick William Lambert Sladen, Rev.
Thomas W. Fyles 127

Five Strange Lepidoptera (Oinophilidae, Noctuidae,

Gelechiidae).

By WM. T. M. FORBES, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

(With Plate V)

The following Lepidoptera are described at this time be-
cause I would like to refer to them elsewhere, where there will
not be room for a satisfactory description. The first one is
thoroughly aberrant, but appears to belong better in the family
Oinophilidae, which has not before been reported from the
United States, than to the Tineidae, to which it also shows some
affinity. The Oinophilidae are a family of somewhat special
interest, as they appear lo form a connecting link between a
whole group of families of the lower Tineoidea, namely, the
Tineidae, Lyonetiidae, Opostegidae and Gracilariidae, with the
isolated and aberrant genera Ccjiiiostoina, Rcdcllm, Bnccula-
tri.v, Pliyllocnistis, and their relatives. Of these only the Graci-
lariidae have been lately revised by Meyrick. In larval habit,
however, the known Oinophilidae contrast strongly with the
Gracilariidae, Lyonetiidae and Opostegidae. feeding on decay-
ing vegetable matter and fungi, like many Tineidae, while in

97

98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

appearance and structure the images are closely similar to the
Lyonetiidae and Opostegidae. They are strongly flattened
moths, with flat coxae closely appressed to the body, usually
with smooth heads, rising to a rounded ridge between the
antennae, but often with a loose tuft on the vertex, as in Oino-
pJiila itself, and rather small maxillary palpi of the folded type.
The labial palpi have a well-set-off, fusiform, terminal joint as
in the Tineidae, and are normally without bristles. The vena-
tion in the known genera is more or less reduced. Besides the
well-known European and tropical genera Oinof>liila and Opo-
gona, and the following genus, there are numerous less known
tropical forms, gradually grading into the Lyonetiidae and the
true Tineidae. As a rule nothing is known of the life histories
of these and nothing has been published on several interesting
points in their structure, so that it is impossible to say to which
family they belong, unless the families be combined.
The present form may be characterized as follows :

PHAEOSES new genus (</>atds brown; 0-775 moth).
Head smooth-scaled, as a rule slightly ruffled on the vertex,
but without any definite tufting; eyes small, far apart; ocelli
absent ; front somewhat retreating, but convex, the rounded
ridge between the antennae less prominent than in Opogona.
Antennae three-fifths as long as fore wing, evidently turned
back across the eye in repose ; scape a little longer than width
of eye, a little broadened, but without eyecap or pecten ; shaft
with a single whorl of appressed scales on each segment, with
a few weak setae passing between their bases. Maxillary palpi
small but folded, and stronger than in the Gelechiidae ; tongue
obsolete ; labial palpi with basal joint short, second upturned,
smooth and concave on upper surface, fitting the face, but nor-
mally drooping in death, lower edge rough-scaled ; third seg-
ment short-fusiform, two-thirds as long as second, rough-scaled
and flattened dorso-ventrally, commonly held porrect ; no bris-
tles visible. Body strongly depressed, the abdomen wry flat;
coxae and especially fore coxae broad and closely pressed to
body; fore tibia very short and stout, with strong epiphysis ;
middle legs normal ; hind tibia with spurs at a third its length,

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 99

with a fringe of long bristly hairs above ; hind tarsus smooth,
normal. Metathorax relatively large, as in Opogona.

Fore wing (Plate V, figure 1) lanceolate, not caudate, but
distinctly curved down at the apex; cell narrow, with a broken
dividing vein from base to apex, weakly connected with the
front edge of the cell halfway between the origins of 7^1 ( 11 )
and R2 (10), probably representing part of the base of media
and the stem of R4+5; Rl arising at one-third length of cell,
R2 just beyond middle, the stem of R between them definitely
angled at the point of separation of 7^4+5; R3 (9) arising
shortly before end of cell, well separated from R4-M2 (5 to 8),
which arise from a common stem at end of cell; 7? 4 (8) given
off before .172 (5), and Ml (6) practically obsolete, but I tli ink-
traceable ; R5 (7) running to costa; free parts of dorsal veins
parallel, but .1/3 (4) strongly converging at origin to the stem
of R4-M2; .1/3 and Cnl (3) separated by a moderately long
bent vein, which receives the dividing vein of the cell, Cnl and 2
(3 and 2) by a long oblique vein; 1st A (Ic) free, the outer
part well chitinized ; 2nd A (Ib) distinctly forked at base.
Hind wing two-thirds as wide, lanceolate, with the costa hardly
at all concave at the middle; fringe 2; 5V (8) ending at two-
thirds, running close to costal edge; R (7) moderately sep-
arated from .171 (6), running obliquely to costa; Ml (6) to
apex; .172 (5) nearly connate with it, continuing the distinct
base of .17; cell open below M2\ .1/3 (4) lost; Cnl (3) and 2
(2) forming a strongly forked free vein; 1st A (Ic) well de-
veloped; 2nd A (Ib) short and obscurely forked; 3rd A (la)
practically obsolete. Frenulum simple in both sexes ; frenulum-
hook of male normal, of female made up of a series of hooked
hair-scales, apparently without any membranous portion.

Fixed hairs are completely absent, except for the usual patch
on the inner margin of the fore wing, even the small area over
the base of 7?, which exists in Opogona and Opostcga, being
lost, and represented only by a group of weak transverse folds.
The female ovipositor is membranous, slender and extensile.

The genus will run by Meyrick's key ( I 'roc. Linn. Soc. N. S.
W. 22: 298, 1897) to Losostoma (Opogona), from which it
differs in many particulars, especially the convex front, and

100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

nearly complete venation. Of more recent genera it shows a
certain resemblance to Hippiochaetcs Meyrick, which has a
tufted head, and to Amath\ntis Meyrick, which obviously dif-
fers in the bristled palpi, as well as markedly different venation.
In North America the flattened body, smooth head and folded
maxillary palpi will immediately distinguish it, save perhaps
from a few Cosmopterygidae, which differ in their smooth,
regularly tapering third palpal segment, and the sinuate costa of
the hind wing. In my family key it will run to the Acro-
lepiidae, but is easily distinguished by the separate Ml and 2
of the hind wing, and completely smooth head. By Hampson's
key (Nov. Zool. 25: 387, 393. 1918) it runs to the Lyonetiadae,
family No. 84.

There is only the following species (genotype) :

Phaeoses sabinella, new species.

Shining gray-brown (mouse gray) ; ridge between antennae, face and
under side much paler, dirty white; outer side of fore coxae and femora,
fore tibiae and tarsi, part of middle femora, especially toward the base
and apex, and on the outer side, and shorter spurs of middle tibiae,
brown ; middle tibiae and shorter spurs of hind tibiae somewhat shaded
with brown. There is little variation in a series of nearly fifty speci-
mens of varying quality, but on account of the brilliant gloss it is impos-
sible to form an accurate judgment of the shades of color, especially
on the legs. Expanse 9 mm.

The male genitalia (Plate V, figure 2) are not unlike those of related
forms. The part considered to be the uncus (Un) is a chitinization on
each side of the anal opening, continuous with the tegtimcn O'.rT), which
is itself continuous with the vincuhtm (i.vS}. There is no chitinization
at all in the mid-dorsal line, and the lateral suture is indicated only by
the articulation of the valve (V). The valves are ankylosed with the
JM.vta and cannot be opened beyond the position figured. The valve is
provided on its inner face with a mass of basally directed hair near the
apex, and a patch of spines near the base, which are indicated on the
right side of the figure as visible by transparency.

Sabine River, Louisiana, opposite Orange, Texas, June 20,
1917: holotypc and numerous paratypes ; Biloxi, Mississippi,
June 13, 1917, paratypes; Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, June 17,
1917, one paratype. Types Cornell U., No. 594.

The four species remaining are somewhat less aberrant in
character, although each is so distinct from its relatives that
some would consider it worthy of a genus. It seems best to

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 101

describe the two Gelechiidae in recognized genera, as the groups
of the family to which they belong are rather in need of revi-
sion as a whole.

XYLORMISA new genus (£uAov wood and Honnisa).

Near Honnisa. Male antennae unipectinate and heavily
ciliate at base, and bipectinate beyond the knot, which is about
a third way out from the base, larger than is usual in Honnisa,
and apparently not provided with curved spines ; second seg-
ment of palpus more definitely upcurved, but not strongly so,
the third short, and normally erect, as in Honnisa. Fore wing
with well-marked apex ; accessory cell obscure, very small and
narrow, with R2 to 4 (veins 8 to 10) stalked from its apex.

This Noctuid genus is closely related to Honnisa and I
might not separate it, save for the fact it will run to a different
point in Schaus's Key (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 50: 262). It
will run to alternative 67, where it is separable by the pectinate
antennae. In fact the pectinate antennae witli a knot hardly
occur save in Honnisa, which has a large normal accessory
cell. The male fore legs are not unlike those of Honnisa, with
trochanter very slender, and much longer than femur, and
tarsus concealed.

Genotype : Xylonnisa lonisiana n. sp.

Xylormisa lonisiana new species.

Ground light wood-brown, formed of dark brown dusting on a clay-
colored base. Head and thorax paler ; antenna concolorous, with the
swelling somewhat darkened ; palpus with second segment heavily dusted,
except extreme apex, third segment dark brown, with apex more nr
less distinctly whitish ; legs heavily dusted and shaded with blackish,
especially the mid-tibia and tarsus. Abdomen lightly dusted with pale
gray toward base, the apical segments of the male pale brown-gray with
whitish margins, in the female not darkened.

Fore wing becoming darker at the margin; orbicular and claviiorm
represented by vertically placed black points, reniform of two such
points, with a third dot below them in the fold, postmedian line repre-
sented by a strongly outcurved series of four or five Mack dots between
the veins, on the costal part of the wing; sttbterminal waved, pale, ol so
lete at the costa ; a broken black terminal line; basal half of fringe dark
gray, with pale bars in it corresponding to the black terminal bars.

Hind wing paler, being dusted with pale gray like ihe abdomen, with
faint shaded pale postmedial and subterminal bands, parallel to the outer

102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | April, '22

margin ; terminal line black, continuous, followed by a pale line in base
of fringe. In the allotype the markings are fainter. Wing expanse
18 mm.

Sabine River Ferry, Louisiana, June 20, 1917, tvf>c $ ;
Schriever, Louisiana, June 17. 1917, allotype 2 . Types, Cornell
University, No. 596. There is a female from Canada in the
Barnes collection, but I have no notes on it.

ARGYRACTIS Hampson, OXYELOPHILA, new subgenus.

Similar to those North American species formerly in Elo-
phila, which are now placed by Hampson in Argyractis (fiili-
calis, bifascialis, etc.). Fore wing (Plate V, figure 3) strongly
falcate, hind wing with A/3 lost (as in other Argyractis), M2
and Cn\ stalked. Labial, and in the typical species maxillary,
palpi longer and more slender than in Argyractis, the max-
illaries flattened, and acute only in side view. Mid and hind
tibiae and midtarsi flattened and fringed with hair-scales in
the female, as in A. fnlicalis and bifascialis; spurs fully devel-
oped. Fore wing with R3 typically lost, but distinct in A.
(O.) meianograpta, from Demerara, which also has reduced
maxillary palpi.

A. harpalis, lanccolalis, nccomalis and ticonalis also obviously
belong to this subgenus. None of the species have the ocellate
spots on the hind wing present in all the Northern species of
Argyractis.

Apparently Hampson had an aberrant specimen of A. bifas-
cialis, as he indicates that it has M2 and Citl stalked; in a
considerable series that I have examined of both the type and
the form kcarfottalis, the veins are always separate.

Genotype: Argyractis (O.vyclophila) callista n. sp.

Argyractis (Oxyelophila) callista, new species.

Similar to A. harpalis Snellen, from Central America (Tijd. v. Ent.
43: pi. 17, f. 1). R3 lost (stalked in harpalis, according to Snellen).
White ; front with a black dot at base of antenna ; abdomen with a black
transverse band on base of second segment, nearly or quite interrupted
in the middle ; fore coxa and femur with brown streaks, tibia blackish,
tarsus and middle and hind legs slightly infuscated.

Extreme base of costa with a black point; a black subbasal dot on
fold, as well as the ones on costa and near inner margin ; antemedial
line practically complete, right-angled on Sc and oblique to inner margin,

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 103

with teeth on cell and fold ; preceded by a broad black-brown fascia,
which runs through to the costa, obliterating the second antemedial
costal spot; postmedial marks as in harpalis, but more suffused, with
the yellow on the costa replaced by dull wood brown, and the white
circle partly stiff used with brown ; a wood brown terminal band, repre-
senting the yellow and white one of harpalis, defined inwardly with a
clean-cut black line, which runs out into the apex, and outwardly by a
blackish shade. Outer half of fringe white, with fuscous scale-tips.

Hind wing with a complete irregular antemedian band, starting at Sc.
preceded by some blackish scaling ; discal spot strong, yclloiv, denned
inv/ardly by a few brown scales, and outwardly by an incurved blackish
line; postmedian line black, erect to discal fold, then right-angled and
incurved in a regular . sweep to anal angle, almost touching the discal
dot ; followed by a second weaker line, which does not reach the costa,
and is interrupted at the angle. Fringe whitish, clay colored or light
wood brown at base, with traces of a black terminal line. Wing ex-
panse, 13 mm.

New Braunfels, Texas, June 26, 1917; holotype, six para-
types and three other specimens in poorer condition, all females.
Cornell type No. 595.

Gelechia arenella, new species.

Clay color; third joint of palpus slightly darker, and second paler on
sides, with a short, smooth and slightly divided brush ; antennae fuscous,
tips of tegulae pale. Fore and middle legs fuscous, the midfemora and
tibiae obscurely mottled and tarsi ringed with whitish.

Fore wing with darker grayish shading between the veins, leaving the
veins contrastingly pale ; inner and outer discal points round, and a point
in the fold before the inner one, all black ; a few scattered black-tipped
scales, gathering into faint antemedial dots in cell and above inner mar-
gin, and along the outer margin, and forming a streak below the basal
part of subcosta. Fringe concolorous. Hind wing pale pearl gray.
Wing expanse 20 mm.

Woods Hole, Mass., August, 1917; type and five paratypes
$ , Cornell type No. 518. Rockaway Beach, New York ; para-
types in Barnes collection.

This is apparently the species on which the American records
of G. pctasitis are based, but it is not even closely related, as
the figures of the genitalia (Plate V, f. 4, arenella, f. 5, pcta-
sitis, at the same scale) will show. It is much more robust,
and the pale veins are distinctive.

Duvita (?) tahavusella, new species. (Tahawus is the Indian name
for Mt. Marcy.)

104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

Scape smooth, as long as the eye, with a single long bristle near the
base, representing the pecten. Palpi with second joint smooth, but con-
siderably thickened with scales, third noticeably longer, smooth and
acute. Fore wing normal, as in Duz'ita and Aproacrcina, with Ml well
separated from K4+5. Hind wing with produced apex as in Apro-
inTcina; R and Ml stalked a third way to apex, .1/3 and Cul hardly
stalked, and M2 somewhat approximate. Penis a sharply curved spine,
articulated at the base.

Dark smoky gray, slightly shining, under a lens with pale scale-bases
arid dark tips. Palpi concolorous ; legs blackish, contrastingly ringed
with clay color, the hind tibia with pale bands at both pairs of spurs ;
the hind femur and inner face of tibia and tarsus contrastingly pale.

Fore wing with pale spots three-quarter way out on costa and inner
margin, the costal one much larger, and with an obscure black ante-
median spot in the fold, followed by some pale scales. Hind wing
gray, paler. Wing expanse 11 mm.

Uphill Brook, Mt. Marcy trail, Adirondack^, New York, July
10, 1918, type. Peru, Ad'irondacks, New York, June 8, 1916,
4 paratypes. Cornell U. type No. 519.

The Mt. Marcy specimen is fresher than the others in spite
of its late date, but this is doubtless on account of the high
altitude (3200 ft.). This species is the first really North Amer-
ican Gelechiid with a pecten on the antenna, as the genera
Siiotroga and Pectinophora are introductions from the Old
World. A couple of European species of Aproacrcina (.-Ina-
campsis) are closely similar, but I have seen no specimens of
any of them with a pecten, and all five of my specimens of
tahawisella have preserved it.

The University of Michigan- Williamson Expedition to Brazil.

The expedition left New York on December 15, 1921, as forecast
in the NEWS for January, page 11. From letters from Mr. Jesse H.
Williamson to members of his family we are enabled to give the
following outline of the progress made. On reaching Para they took
steamer up the Amazon to Manaos, arriving there on January 13. Here
they saw Dr. Rusby, of the Mulford Exploration, on his return journey
to New York (see the March NEWS, page 91), and Herr Fassl, the
well-known collector of insects. On the 14th they left Manaos by
steamer and proceeded to and up the Rio Madeira, collecting as the
stops of the vessel permitted, and disembarked at Porto Velho,
"Brazil's third largest city in the Amazon basin," January 21. Here
they "secured fine quarters in Hotel Brazil — connecting rooms with
electric lights, shower baths, cold drinks (iced) of all kinds available,
etc., at about $1.75 per day each." At last writing. February 9, they
were still at Porto Velho. Showers and cloudy weather had been
frequent, the temperture about 78° F., altitude 60 meters, latitude
8° 46' South, longitude 63° 55' West.

From Porto Velho several trips into the surrounding country had
been made, that of two days by motor car on the Madeira-Mamore
Railway to Guajara, its present terminus, some 350 kilometers, being
the longest.

xxxiii,'22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 105

The Phylogeny and the Geographical Distribution of
the Genus Libellula (Odonata).

By CLARENCE HAMILTON KENNEDY, Ohio State University,

Columbus.

(Continued from page 70.)

Group 8. (a) Composita Hagen. PI. IV, fig. 15. Wyoming and
Utah to southeastern California. A semidesert species of alkali
sloughs. (?)

At Laws, California, August 20, 1915, in the very alkaline
Owens Valley, east of the Sierra, this species was found ovi-
positing in a very alkaline seasonal or temporary, grassy slough
made by waste irrigating water. No data were gathered as to
whether the species succeeded in maturing in such a place.

This remarkable insect, which has spread probably from the
dry areas of southern California, where there seems to have
been a sanctuary for several primitive Odonates, stands inter-
mediate between Group 7 and Group 8. In the penis, coni-
posita resembles Group 8, but in size and color of wings and
body it is related to Group 7. The homologies of the parts of
the penis in Group 8 were inexplicable until the penis of
composita was examined. In it all the parts already found in
the generalized sanifasciata penis are recognizable. It is highly
specialized in the large lateral lobes and the arched cornual
base, but is very primitive in that the three cornua are still
recognizable though rudimentary. The pattern of the wing
markings suggests nodisticta, Ladona and the Eurasian species
in which the wing markings are reduced or perhaps have never
been greater. The insect is highly specialized in its pearly
white eyes, the white costal border and perhaps in its curious
habit of flying about in tandem with its mate. Its very re-
stricted and erratic distribution shows it to be a relict. Just
how it is related to the species of Group 8 is a question, but
there is no doubt that it is associated with their ancestry.

Group 8. (b) Jesseana Williamson. PI. IV, fig. 1(J. Enterprise,
Florida, April 22, 1921. Known only from a single pond, when-
Jesse Williamson found these mating and ovipositing. (See Ent.
News, xxxiii, pp. 13-17.)

106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

This striking dragonfly has the coral-red wings of
and the dark body of inccsta. The arguments for its heing a
good species and not a hybrid between these species are as
follows :

1. It has not been found elsewhere where the habitats of
these species overlap.

2. It has the composite type one would expect in a species
surviving from the Miocene times of Florida.

3. It is local in its distribution as relict species usually are.

4. It was breeding and ovipositing.

The writer is inclined to classify jcsscana as another of the
local Florida species. He believes that these originated in the
Miocene when north central Florida was an island. As evi-
dence of this, all of the half-dozen local Florida species are in
northern genera because the Island of Florida was close to the
Georgia coast and the Antillean lands had not yet appeared
above the sea. The local Florida species of Odonata that the
writer has examined are each among the primitive species of
its genus, which again suggests an early origin for them. If
these conclusions are true, jcsscana gives us a fairly definite
geological date for this horizon of the genus Libellula. Scini-
fasciata, foliata, and angclina would be from below the Mio-
cene, while Group 8 (c) and Group 8 (d) would have devel-
oped since the Miocene. The penis of jcsscana has more of
its characters like those of the species of Group 8 (d) than of
Group 8 (c), but the bright red wings associate it just as much
with the latter group. It is specialized in the curious supple-
mentary lobe under the cornual base.

Group 8. (c) Flavida Rambur. PI. IV. fig. 17. Atlantic and
Gulf Coasts. Habits unknown.17

Auripennis Burm. PI. IV, fig. 17. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts to
Cuba and Mexico. A species of the ponds of the southern ever-
green forest, which has penetrated the tropics as far as the Isle of
Pines and Tabasco, Mexico.

Luctuosa Burm. PI. IV, fig. 19. Maine and Florida to North
Dakota and northern Mexico. A pond and sluggish stream species
of the deciduous forest and prairie.

[17 In the pine barrens in New Jersey. — P. P. CALVERT.]

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 107

This is not as compact a group as for instance the nodisticta
group. Lnctuosa is specialized in the broad, black base of the
wings and in the black and yellow body-colors. Auripcnnis is
equally specialized in its coral-red color. Flarida, perhaps, is
more generalized in that it has the general color pattern of the
species of Group 8 (d), but shows the reddish cast which is so
much better developed in auripennis.

Group 8. (d) Axillena Westw. PI. IV, fig. 20. Pennsylvania to
Florida and Louisiana. A species of the southern evergreen forest
usually found near small streams in woods.18

Cyanea Fabr. PI. IV, fig. 21. New Hampshire to Indiana and
Georgia. A species of the deciduous forests, usually found about
inlets or outlets of ponds.

Comanche Calv. PI. IV, fig. 22. Montana to Texas, Mexico
and California. The writer has seen but one specimen of this in the
field. It was along a swampy stream.19

Incesta Hagen. PI. IV, fig. 23. Maine and Wisconsin to Mis-
souri and Florida. A vigorous, wide flier, over open ponds and
streams.18

Vibrans Fabr. PI. IV, fig. 24. Maine to Missouri and Florida in
woods swamps.18

Because of the great difference between the penis of a.rillcna
and that organ in the other species of this group, a.rillcna may
not belong in the group.

This group appears to be very modern in that the species
are very close. While the penes show all of them to be good
and distinct species, the writer has been unable to unscramble
their relationships to his satisfaction. ^l.riUciia and Z'ibrans,
by penis characters, are very different, also by the same criteria
inccs/a is closer to comanclic and cyanca than to ribrans and
a.villcna. Probably they are a complex of mutants with various
combinations of a limited set of characters. The following
four pairs of characters appear in the group :

1.1 Dark face 1.2 White face

2.1 Nodal spot 2.2 No nodal spot

3.1 Basal spot 3.2 No basal spot

4.1 Dark stigma 4.2 Pale stigma

18 Jesse and E. B. Williamson to the writer.

[19 Along the outlet of the sulphur springs at Santa Rosalia, Chi-
huahua, Mexico.— P. P. CALVERT.]

108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

These combine as shown in the following lists :

axillena
1.1

vibrans
1.2

incest a
1.1

cyanea
' 1.1

comanchc
1.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.2

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1-2

4.2

By this scheme cornanc/ie appears to he a pale a.rHlcna.
The other species are various intermediate combinations of
these paired characters. Comanchc20 is also the only desert
species of this group. Probably it has entered the desert from
the east. This axillcna group represents the very apex of
North American Odonate evolution, if we consider the Libel-
lulidae as the apical Odonate family.

Group 9. Depressa Linn. PI. IV, fig. 25. England to Russia and
Persia, south to Sicily. Ponds.21

This is definitely a European offshoot from the Plathemis
stock. It may have been traded to Eurasia when 4-nmcnlata
came to America, but the difference between it and the two
species of Plathemis is great enough to suggest that it branched
off much earlier.

Group 10. Quadrimaculata Linn. PI. IV, fig. 20. England to
Spain, Kashmir and Japan. In America from Newfoundland to
Alaska, south in the mountains to North Carolina and California.
I cannot trace Muttkowski's22 Arkansas record.

The nearest relative of this species is angelina of Japan.
Qnadrimaculata probably entered North America recently as
it has no near relatives on this continent. It may have come
in when the very modern EnaHagina cyathigerum entered Eur-
asia, as the two have the same distribution. It is very modern
and highly specialized in its intense activity.

Group 11. Fulva Muell. PI. IV, fig. 27. England to Italy, Den-
mark to Transcaucasia. Moor swamps and slow-flowing brooks,
more (often found) in the mountainous regions.23

20 Is it possible that our Odonata tend to form a pale desert fauna ?
Offhand the writer recalls Ophiogomphus ncvadcusis, Gomphus ncva-
dcnsis, Complins intricattis, Sympetrum madidum, Syinpctruiii corntp-
tum, LibcIIula composite and Ischnura barbcri.

21 Frohlich in Die Odonaten u. Orthopteren Deutschlands, p. 13, 1903,
states that this species is found from May to July, common about all
smaller pools, swamp and peat ponds.

22 Catalogue of the Odonata of North America, p. 140, 1910.

-? Frohlich, Odonaten u. Orthopteren Deutschlands, p. 11, Jena, 1903.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 109

This is a remnant of the preglacial fauna of Eurasia, so that
it lias no near relatives. It is remarkably specialized in the
penis which has a large inflated tip. Pontia, which Ris rates
as a variety, the writer has not seen.

From the foregoing discussion the writer believes that thte
method of investigation as a preliminary to a study of the geo-
graphical distribution of a group of species is sound and fur-
nishes data as to relationships not easily arrived at from other
methods. The writer admits that he has used other characters
very little, though they agree as far as he has checked them.
To summarize :

1. Scinifasciata is the most generalized living species and so
probably the most primitive.

2. The genus LibcHitla originated in the eastern hemisphere
because there we find the large genus Orthctrnni, placed by
many writers close to Libcllula, in which the penis has the
straight lateral lobes of the less specialized Libellulas. See the
figure of an Orthctrnm penis in the preceding article, Ent.
News, vol. xxxiii, PI. II, fig. 14, 1922.

3. Our southwestern species, sitbornata, foliata, nodisticta
and cowiposita, are the American species most nearly related to
the Eurasian Libellulas. This taken in connection with the
fact that the most primitive species, semifasciata, is in eastern
America, might mean that the genus originated in America
and spread to Eurasia, later sending northern species back to
America.

4. These southwestern primitive species indicate a Mexico-
California faunal centre, which with its long unaltered climate
has been an asylum for various primitive Odonates, and from
which developed Group 4, Group 7 and Group 8.

5. The species with broad lateral lobes comprised in Groups
3, 5, 6, 9 and 10 have probably been distributed to America
from Eurasia. This is indicated by the fact that their con-
necting links are not in America, that three of these, Group? 3,
9 and 10, are Eurasian to start with.

6. Depressa and fnli'a are the most specialized away from
the primitive st-inifasciata penis of any of the Libellulas. (The
extreme specialization of Plathcinis and Ladonci suggests that
their stock may have been developed in Eurasia.) It is of com-

110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

mon knowledge to distributionists that the Eurasian fauna and
flora are about one geological age in advance of the American.

7. The Palaearctic species, because of their lack of near rela-
tives and because of their unrelatedness inter sc are the rem-
nants of a preglacial fauna, a fauna that was largely wiped out
when caught between the ice and the southern mountains.

8. The holarctic 4-uiaciilata originated in Eurasia as it has
no near relatives in America.

9. The genus as it exists in America today represents at
least three levels of development as are indicated by the hori-
zontal lines on Plate IV.

10. The tropical Libellulas have probably entered the tropics
from the north or have been developed from northern stock,
also Ladona developed from the north to the south.

11. Orthnnis with a penis that has broad lateral lobes may
be an American offshoot of the Libellulas with broad lateral
lobes.

12. Libellula jcsscana gives us a Miocene date for its level
in the genus.

From the foregoing it appears that the genus Libcllnla orig-
inated in a mild climate in premiocene times, but eventually
developed species into both the Transition and Subtropical
Zones ; that its dominance is past in Eurasia but is at its height
in North America.

One point of general interest is that in a species or series of
species of Libelhda extending from north to south, the southern
individuals or species are small. Ris ( Libellulinen, Coll. Selys)
states that in julva and depressa examples from the southern
portions of their habitats are smaller. The same author states
that the Cuban aiiripcnnis is smaller than the American, that
the smallest examples of herculca come from Paraguay. How-
ever, in the last case the species is small in Mexico on the
northern border of its range. In Ladona the northern species,
jnlia, is largest, the southern species, dcplanata, smallest.24
Dr. W. T. M. Forbes has pointed out to the writer that the
same is true in some North American Lepidoptera as they are
usually smallest on the southern edge of their range. Probably

24 The reverse is true, according to Dr. Calvert, in Agrion macitlatum,
Gomphus dilatatus, etc.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 111

it means that they have spread into a region where life condi-
tions are not optimum.

The primitive color in the genus appears to have been brown
because, 1. scuiifasciata is brown; 2. the females of several of
the species are brownish ; however, the gray and yellow color
pattern of the high Group 8 (d) is found also in the genus
Ortlietnun. Apparently the bright reds of auripcnnis and of
saturata have developed independently of each other..

Probably the primitive wing had three broad spots or bands,
basal, nodal and apical, but just how this pattern is handed
down through the various lines is baffling. These band? in
whole or in part may disappear in a series to reappear in some
apical species. They may disappear in one sex, as in the female
of lydia^ or may appear in individuals of a species usually
without them, as in the form pracnubila of 4-inaciilata. Per-
haps their genes are always present but are inhibited at times
by other factors.

The writer believes that the genitalia in this genus show rela-
tionships so clearly that the subgenera can be defined by them.
They certainlv can be lined up much better than they were by
ECirby.2 The writer's views are substantially those indicated in
Ris' key to this genus in his Libcllnlincn in the "Coll. Zool. du
Selys." The species fall into ten subgenera, as follows:

1. EOLIBELLULA subgen. nov., type I= scuiifasciata.

2. BELOXIA Kirby, type =r foliata; includes also saturata. cro-

ccipciinis and hcrcnlca.

3. SYNTETRUM subgen. nov., type : angdina.

4. LIBELLULA Linn., type : 4-inaculata; includes pracnubila

and probably basilinca.

5. LADOXA Needham, type =: c.ritsta; includes also Julia and

deplanata.

6. PLAT IT EM is Hagen. type ' r lydia; includes also snbonwta.

7. PLATETRUM Newman, type == dcpressa.

8. EUROTITEMIS subgen. nov., type : fitl-va; includes, prob-

ably, poutica.

9. NEOTETRUM subgen. nov., type : forcnsis; includes also

pulchcUa and nodisticta.

10. HOLOTANIA Kirby, type a.viUcna ; includes also com
posita. jcsscana. flcrcida, auripennis, Inctnosa, cvanca.
couianciic, inccsta and ribrans.

25 Kennedy, Odonata of Kansas, Bull. Kans. Univ., vol. 18, pi. VII,

figs. 108-110, 1917.

26 Kirby, Revision of the Libellulinae, 1889. Catalogue of the Odonata,
1890.

112

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[April, '22

•HBHBHMI

A Carbon-tetrachloride Killing Bottle.

By GAYLORD C. HALL, New York City.

There has been a growing tendency for some years past to
use carbon-tetrachloride as a killing agent for insects. The
writer began experimenting with it several years ago and dur-
ing the last summer tried out seriously a killing bottle using
this fluid. The apparatus, which is shown in the accompanying
sketch, consists of a bottle of convenient size, in the bottom
of which is placed a piece of felt, which in turn is covered
by a layer of cotton. Carbon-tetrachloride is poured in until
the felt is saturated and the bottle is ready for use.

The fumes of the tetrachloride
are very heavy and therefore
have a tendency to stay in the
bottle as long as it is not in-
verted. For this reason it is best
to remove specimens from the
bottle with forceps which reach
the cotton and thus keep the bot-
tle upright. Likewise in getting
the specimens from the net into
the bottle it is better to keep it
as nearly upright as possible.

The effect of the tetrachloride
upon Lepidoptera is surprisingly
quick. Usually the insect has
ceased struggling and is lying
inert on the cotton (alas! with
wings reversed) by the time the
cork is replaced, that is, in a few
seconds. Should it be desirable to bring the wings back to
their normal position, the butterfly can be taken out, the wings
reversed, and dropped back again as with a cyanide bottle. I
have found that fifteen minutes is ample time for killing and
prefer to take the specimens out after that period has elapsed.
I always put them immediately into a metal box kept moist by
means of wet blotting-paper or otherwise, as that treatment
seems to prevent or at least minimize the rigor mortis. During
the last summer I caught and set several hundred specimens.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 113

some set the same day as caught and many at a later date after
the usual relaxing process, and have had practically no trouble
from stiff wings.

In making up the killing bottle use a piece of felt at least
a quarter of an inch thick. It can be bought under the name
of laundry felt or moulder's cloth. It should be cut so as
to make a tight fit in the bottom of the bottle. This can be
done by the cut and try method, leaving the felt slightly larger
than the inside diameter of the bottle so that it has to be forced
down into place. The felt will then be tight and will not fall
out Avhen the bottle is inverted. Over the felt place a piece
of cotton to the depth of at least one inch. In making this
mat of cotton care should be taken that it makes a fairly tight
fit against the sides of the bottle and that the edges are not
rounded downward. This is important for if rounded, small
specimens slide down, become wet with the tetrachloride and
stick to the Hass and mav be ruined in trying to remove them.
The tetrachloride itself does not seem to harm the specimens.
In pouring the tetrachloride, slightly part the cotton from the
glass, using a pencil, as one is usuallv at hand, and pour the
fluid down the cide into the felt without wetting the cotton,
tipniner the bottle sliehtlv to one side in the meantime.

The bottle properly prepared. /. c., with the felt well wet,
will last at least one dav in active service. I used to carrv a
small bottle of the fluid in the field in order to recharge, but
found that that was not necessary. The bottle when corked,
will keep for months. The carbon-tetrachloride can be bought
at any chemist's and there are also some cleaning fluids such
as Carbona which seem to be composed largely of it and
which answer the purpose perfectly.

The carbon-tetrachloride would seem to lend itself easily to
other methods of killing insect and other pests, due to its
extremely heavy vapor and absolute fire-proof quality, and
we may expect development along this line in the future.

\Notc. Very frequently boys and girls wish to collect insects and
it has not been considered safe or wise to allow them to use cyanide
bottles. At present it is difficult to purchase small quantities of
cyanide, on account of the regulations in regard to the sale of poisons.
Carbon tetrachloride would supply a harmless preparation for both
children and adults. For certain insects that have long tarsal claws.
it would be necessary to put something smooth over the cotton, with
perforations, if mvrssary, to permit the gas to escape into the bottle.
H. S.]

114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April. "22

Enallagmas Collected in Florida and South Carolina
by Jesse H. Williamson with Descriptions of
Two New Species (Odonata, Agrionidae).

By E. B. WILLIAMSON, Bluffton, Indiana.

(Plate VI)

Mr. Williamson collected dragonflies in Florida from March
1 to April 26, 1921. Localities visited and dates are as fol-
lows: Sebring, March 1; Fort Myers, March 3-7 and 10-19;
Taxambas, Marco Island, March 8; Labelle. March 21-27;
Moore Haven, March 29 and 30, and April 2 ; Palmdale, March
31 and April 3-8; enroute Moore Haven to West Palm Beach,
across Lake Okeechobee, April 9; Miami, April 12 ; Enter-
prise, April 15-26. From April 29 to May 9 he collected at
Kathwood. Aiken County, South Carolina, but at this time
most of the species observed were just emerging. Mr. Wil-
liamson has distributed his Florida dragonflies into twenty-
five sets which he has donated to students of Odonata.

Dr. Calvert's recent paper, Gundlach's JTork on the Odonata
of Cuba, (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XLV, 1919) contains a care-
ful study of certain Enallagmas, related to EnaUagina tntn-
catinn, which may be designated as the pollution group. This
work of Dr. Calvert's has made possible the recognition of
two undescribed species of the group from Florida. The
following descriptions of these species follow the form of
Calvert's descriptions and are supplementary to his paper.

Enallagma sulcatum new species (PI. VI, Figs. 1-5).

$ . Superior appendages in profile view with the apical margin
suhequal to the inferior margin, produced; in dorsal view, the intero-
inferior lamella reaching far beyond the level of the supero-internal
apical hook.

Nasus shining black, with a small pale area on either side (similar
to that of truncatum in Calvert's figure 1, except that the black extends
nearly or quite to the anterior and lateral margins), to largely orange
with a transverse bar across the base and another paralleling the
anterior margin, these bars connected or not at their extremities and
in the median line, and the anterior bar sometimes broken with orange.

Frons : pale color of the anterior surface not reaching the yellow or
orange spot immediately anterior to the median ocellus ; in some speci-
mens the black anteriorly is slightly more reduced than in figure 4.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS 115

Pale postocular spots linear-cuneiform, not confluent with the pale
color of the rear of the head, being separated therefrom by a broad
bar of black across the rear of the head above.

Middle prothoracic lobe in dorsal view predominately black, a yellow
or orange spot each side, no median twin spots or stripes.

Width of black middorsal thoracic stripe about .87, of pale ante-
humeral about .26, of black humeral about .55 mm.

Second lateral thoracic suture with a black stripe on about the
upper five-sixths of its length, continued as a thread of black to the
inferior end of the suture.

Abdominal segment 9 blue.

9 . Mesostigmal lamina largely black, with a pale stripe which
includes the dorsal tubercle and extends downward and slightly for-
ward; the posterior and inferior black portion of the lamina grooved
(hence the specific name) to receive the dorsal branch of the superior
appendage of the male ; this groove produced dorsally and anteriorly
across the pale stripe slightly below the dorsal tubercle, at which point
the pale stripe is more or less interrupted.

Antero-mesal angle of the pale antehumeral stripe elevated and
prominent, but not produced into a tubercle.

Width of the black middorsal thoracic stripe about .78, of pale
antehumeral about .27, of black humeral about .5 mm.

Second lateral thoracic suture with a black stripe on slightly less
than the upper five-sixths of its length, continued as a thread of black
to the inferior end of the suture.

Black on dorsum of abdominal segment 9 with the sides nearly
parallel or narrowing caudad, and extending from the base to from
two- thirds to three- fourths the length of the segment.

Abdomen $ 27-28, 9 26.5-29; hind wing $ 16.5-17.5, 9 17-19;
stigma front wing $ .6-.67, 2 -67, of hind wing $ .67, 9 .7-. 83 mm.

Anal bridge separating from the hind margin proximal to Cu-A
a distance about equal to to slightly greater than the length of Cu-A.
M2 front wing arising at or near the fourth postnodal in 5 male wings,
at or near the fifth postnodal in 5 male and 8 female wings; M2
hind wing arising at or near the fourth postnodal in 10 male wings
and 8 female wings; Mia front wing arising at the seventh postnoda!
in 10 male wings and 2 female wings, at the eighth postnodal in 6
female wings; Mia hind wing arising at the seventh postnodal in 10
male wings and 7 female wings, at the eighth postnodal in 1 female
wing.

Material examined : Gotha, Florida, June 2.\ 1898, through
James Tough. £ , coll. E. B. \Y. ; Enterprise, Florida, April
18. 10, 21, 25 and 26. 1921, J. H. Williamson. 7 3, 4 9.
Type £ April 26, allotyfic 9 April 19, coll. E. I',. \V. This

116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

species was taken by Mr. Williamson at Gleason's Pond.
IHickeye Homestead Pond, Quackenbos Pond, and a small
swamp about a quarter of a mile east of Gleason's Pond.

The male of sulcatitin runs out in Calvert's key to trnncatitni
and poll it tit in, with the postocular spots more linear than
cuneiform. From tntncatum it is separated at once by the
form of the appendages and by the more extensive pale areas
on the head in dorsal view. From pollntmn it is separated at
once by having the ninth segment blue, not yellow or orange,
and by the form of the appendages.

Writing of the males of vcspernin and signatinn Dr. Calvert
(p. 376, loc. cit.) says he has found no constant color differ-
ences. I have seen many specimens of both species and in
every case abdominal segment 9 of signatinn has been yellow
and of I'cspcrnui blue, but Dr. Calvert writes me that a speci-
men of signal it in from Indiana seen by him had 9 blue. This
coloration is certainly rare, and in the case of the specimen
seen by Dr. Calvert may have been due to some adventitous
cause. In the same way, all the males of pollutum seen by
me have 9 yellow. The males of vcspcrnm and sitlcatinn are
alike in having 9 blue, and there is a superficial resemblance
in the shape of the appendages. But sitlcahtin is at once
separated from vcspcrum and from all other species of the
poll tit nin group, by having the pale, less chitinized, intero-in-
ferior lamella produced apically beyond the level of the darker,
more chitinized, externo-superior branch of the superior
appendages. In "ccsperum the mesal edge of the intero-inferior
lamella is emarginate ; in snlcatmn it is entire and slightly
concave as shown in figure 3.

In Calvert's key to the known females of the group,
snlcatmn runs out to signatitin and pollntmn, which are sep-
arated in the key by the presence in signattini and absence in
pollutum of mesepisternal tubercles. Sitlcatitm seems more
like pollutum, as contrasted with signatmn, in this character,
which, however, is not always readily recognized. It is variable
(in vcsperum) according to Calvert, and among specimens of
all the known species, I have found the tubercle absent in at
least some of the specimens of all the species except signatum.

xxxiii, '22 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 117

The female of sitlcatitni is further defined in a brief key to
the known females following the description of E. concisnni.
Specimens of snlcatnm have been studied by Dr. Calvert and
in his opinion the species is distinct.

Enailagma concisum new species (PL VI, Figs. 6-10).

<J . Superior appendage in profile view with the apical margin about
two-thirds as long as the inferior margin, oblique, nearly straight, and
not bilobed but with the inferior apical angle of the intero-inferior
lamella slightly enlarged. In dorsal view the intero-inferior lamella
reaches the level or nearly the level of the supero-internal subapical
hook but the dorso-apical portion of the intero-inferior lamella is
produced obliquely apically to fuse with the externo-superior branch
of the appendage, so the distinction between the externo-superior
branch and the intero-inferior lamella is not well marked in the sub-
apical part of the appendage as it is in corresponding parts of pictuin.
Th.'s results from the greater length of the externo-superior branch
of the appendage in concisum as compared with pictuin, and it is in
concisum that the supero-internal subapical tooth is relatively more
apical and therefore more reduced.

Nasus orange, a transverse basal black stripe and on either side, at
mid-length, a small brown to black depression.

Frons : pale color of its anterior surface on either side reaching
the level of the median ocellus, but the latter is bordered in front
with a small pale area of varying size and an anteriorly projecting
quadrangle of black, the latter often unsymmetrical, and in one case
broken, so the small yellow area in front of and adjacent to the median
ocellus is joined on one side with the anterior orange color of the frons.

Pale postocular spots linear cuneiform, widely separated by black from
the pale color on the rear of the head below.

Prothorax shining greenish black, front and hind lobes broadly
edged with orange; and sides of middle lobe paler orange; dorsum of
middle lobe with a round orange spot, varying greatly in size on
either side, and with a median orange geminate spot of varying sixe.
1 resent or wanting.

Width of black middorsal thoracic stripe about .67, of pale ante-
humeral about .33, of black humeral about .43 mm.

Second lateral suture with a black stripe its entire length, widening
posteriorly from a narrow line at its anterior end.

Abdominal segment 9 orange on the sides below, dorsum black
except the apical membranous ring which is orange.

9 . Mesostigmal lamina largely pale, the upper half, anterior to
the pale vertical posterior inflated carina, and a very narrow border,
posterior to this carina, black.

The merest prominence and no trace of a tubercle on the antero-
mesal angle of the pale antehumeral stripe.

118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

Width of black middorsal thoracic stripe about .7, of the ante-
humeral about .35, of black humeral about .44 mm.

Second lateral thoracic suture with a black stripe its entire length,
widening posteriorly from a narrow line at its anterior end.

Black on dorsum of abdominal segment 9 of uniform width.

Abdomen $ 24.5-25.5, 9 26; hind wing $ 14.5, $ 17; stigma
front wing $ .5-.S3, 9 .61, of hind wing $ .5-. 53, 9 .67 mm.

Anal bridge in front wing separating from the hind margin
proximal to Cu-A a distance equal to about one and one-half times
the length of Cu-A ; in the hind wing a distance slightly greater
than the length of Cu-A. M2 front wing arising at or near the
fourth postnodal in 2 male wings, at or near the fifth postnodal in
8 male and 2 female wings ; M2 hind wing arising at or near the
fourth postnodal in 10 male and 2 female wings; Mia front wing
arising at the seventh postnodal in 6 male and 2 female wings, at the
eighth postnodal in 4 male wings; Mia hind wing arising at the sixth
postnodal in 3 male and 1 female wings, at the seventh postnodal in 7
male and 1 female wings.

Material examined : Buckeye Homestead Pond, Enterprise,
Florida, April 21 and 26, 1921, J. H. Williamson, 13 $, 1 9 ;
Type $ and alloiypc $ , April 21, coll. E. B. W.

Mr. Williamson noted of this species on April 21 ; "Occurred
at Buckeye (Homestead) Pond. Generally found resting in
inner ring of vegetation where the water was about waist deep.
Seen only at rest and hard to find.'

j

(To be continued)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

Figs. 1-5. Enallagma sidcatnm n. sp. Figs. 1-3, appendages of the
$ type in lateral, dorsal and dorso-oblique views. Fig. 4, dorsal view
of head of $ type. Fig. 5, dorso-oblique view of middle lobe of pro-
thorax of 9 allotype.

Figs. 6-10. Enallagma concision n. sp. Figs. 6-8, appendages of $
type in lateral, dorsal and dorso-oblique views. Fig. 9, dorsal view
of head of $ type. Fig. 10, dorso-oblique view of middle lobe of

prothorax of 9 allotype.

— > «•» • —

Information on Bibliographies and Catalogs Wanted.

The Division of Biology and Agriculture and the Research Informa-
tion Service, National Research Council, are undertaking a canvas of
manuscript and published bibliographies on plant and animal biology,
and of manuscript of plants and animals (recent and fossil), with the
view of relieving the needs of working biologists along these lines.
Blank forms for reporting such information may be obtained from C.
J. West of the Council, 1701 Massachusetts Ave., Washington, D. C.

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIII.

Plate VI.

Enallagma sulcatum n. sp.; figs. 1-4, male; fig. 5, female.

Enallagma concisum n. sp.; figs. 6-9, male; fig. 10, female.

FLORIDA ENALLAGMAS.— WILLIAMSON.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1922.

Zoological Bibliographies

In the March number of the NEWS, page 91, we published a
note headed "Save the Zoological Record !" Elsewhere in
the present issue is a statement concerning resumption of
publication by the Concilium Bibliographicum. Each of these
bibliographical agencies appears to have its partisans who see
nothing good in the other. Both have done good in the past
and the plan of publication which each has followed has some
advantages lacking in the other.

For individuals working in a limited field the cards of the
Concilium are of very great assistance,* as they permit one to
associate each year's cards relating to any given subject, or
to the works of a given author, with similar cards of preced-
ing years, according to the recipient's preferences and mode
of work. This obviates the necessity of examining separate
volumes each devoted to the literature of but a single yearf
Experience, too, has shown that the cards for limited groups
are distributed at a shorter interval after publication of the
literature than has been found practicable with the volumes of
the Record.

For an institution including a number of investigators inter-
ested in different divisions of the animal kingdom and of
/.oology, the book form is doubtless the better, since the im-
mense number of cards (due to the extent of the whole field
of this science and the quantity of papers published) demands
constant service to sort and interpolate the cards and few
establishments are able to supply this. The entire series of
cards for even one year necessarily occupies a much larger
space than a volume containing the same number of references.
This, too, is an important consideration. I Hit even when the

*See the NEWS for June, 1()21, pages 182-3.

119

120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

volume form is received by an institution, the cards relating
to one or more taxonomic groups, or to one or more topics as
physiology or anatomy, are often of great aid to an individual
working therein.

The book form is furnished both by the Zoological Record
and the Bibliographica Zoologica of the Concilium. Opinions
doubtless vary as to which of these is more conveniently
arranged. Both necessarily include many cross-references and
their usefulness is measured, to a great degree, by the com-
pleteness of these. This also applies to the cards. No great
research is required to discover, even in the latest issues of
all three series, that the cross-references are by no means
complete and that dependence on them will not furnish the
reader with all the references on a given subject that each
volume or set of cards contains.

It is a great pity that two distinct organizations exist for
the same purpose and it would seem to be true economy,
especially in these days, for the two bodies to combine their
labors for the greatest benefit of workers in all branches of
Zoology and, united or co-operating, continue to issue volumes
(annually or oftener) and cards, to suit the different needs
of institutions and individuals. Happily, we understand,
negotiations with such an end in view are under way. But
whatever may be their outcome, financial support from all
using these bibliographies is an absolute necessity and we can
not urge too strongly the duty of all Zoologists (including*
entomologists) to sustain and strengthen these publications.

Notes and Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF

THE GLOBE

Aphis-Lion Attacking Man (Neur., Chrysopidae).

The following observation may he of interest as a case of a preda-
ceous insect attacking man without provocation.

With the exception of such insects which, like mosquitoes and blood-
sucking flies, depend upon blood as food, insects will not generally
attack man unless taken in the fingers or perhaps entangled in the

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOCICAI, MCVYS 121

clothing. Under such conditions practically all insects with biting
mouthparts — beetles, grasshoppers, the larger caterpillars, and even
Dipterous larvae (Tipulidae, Tabanidae) — will make use of their man-
dibles, but they will hardly ever attack spontaneously.

In August, "1918, at Princeton, New Jersey, I was frequently com-
pelled, through asthmatic attacks, to sit down or. certain low stone
walls forming the border of the university campus and shaded by maple
and sycamore trees which were badly infested with Aphids. On such
an occasion I suddenly felt a painful bite or sting on the wrist of the
left hand which was on the stone. Looking for the cause, 1 discovered
on the hand the larva of the lace-winged fly, L'hrysapa spec., commonly
called Aphis-lion, which insect had sunk both its long, hollow mandibles
deep into the skin, as if for sucking, and when being removed, was not
at all willing to give up. The larva had, apparently, dropped from one
of the trees, and finding itself hungry, proceeded, in the absence of
aphids, to attack the next best living prey it could get hold of. A few
hours later the same thing was experienced a second time. Again 1
had placed my hand on the stone; after a few minutes a painful prick
was felt, the cause of which was found to be an aphis-lion sitting on
the upper side of the hand, the mandibles deeply inserted. Whether it
had climbed on the hand or dropped from the tree above I was unable
to ascertain. The specimens were greenish with black markings, but
were not preserved.

This observation appears to show that Clirysopit larvae will occa-
sionally attack man spontaneously and thus assume the role of a facul-
tative parasite. — WERNER MARCHAND, Mendham, New Jersey.

Note on Abundance of Mosquitoes (Dip., Culicidae).

Mr. George C. Shupee, Federal Game Warden, has sent in an inter-
esting note on a plague of mosquitoes on the north Texas coast which
should be made ava lable to entomologists. His account dated High
Island, Texas, Oct. 29, 1921, is substantially as follows :

Old residents say they never were so bad before, millions and mil-
lions of them; so many perched on the automobile that one could not
tell there was a glass in the back of the car. They have killed lots of
cotton-tail rabbits, and every now and then meadowlarks and other
birds are found dead, apparently from the ravages of the mosquitoes.
The stock have either gone to the high ridges or come to the gulf where
they wade out deep. A large boar hog appeared to go crazy on account
of their attacks; he ran into the gulf and swam out about 1 '/> miles, and
was given up; he disappeared from sight time and time again in the
surf, but finally he came back in. Those hunters who are going in after
ducks surely earn them, wearing heavy leather gloves and stiff canvas
coat, with mosquito net over bead ; despite all that the pests still bite,
actually biting through the glove. I never experienced them so bad. Some
days ago a norther blew them out into the gulf; they were drowned and
washed into shore, and from Bolivar to Sabine, about 75 miles, a strip
four inches wide and two deep was left along the beach. Notwithstand-
ing this occurrence there remain apparently just as many of the mos-
quitoes as before.

Most of us have heard of windrows of brine-flies (Bphydra) being
cast up on the beaches of certain western lakes, but probably few have
imagined that mosquitoes ever tk'.mvd in a similar phenomenon. -W. I..
MI-ATKK, L'. S. I'iologiral Survey. Washington, I >. C.

122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

To the American Subscribers of the Concilium Bibliographicum

(Zurich).

The difficulties created by the war and after-war conditions and by
the death of Director Dr. H. H. Field have interrupted, from 1917
until recently, the sending out of bibliographic cards and of the
Bibliographia Zoologica. During this time, however, work has con-
tinued, although in restricted degree, on preparing references, and Vol.
30 of the Bibliographia Zoologica and certain cards have recently been
sent out to subscribers.

The difficulties of the Concilium Bibliographicum caused by the war,
the uncertainties of exchange since the war and, finally, by the death
of Dr. Field have been so great as to threaten seriously the contin-
uance of its existence. But arrangements are now in process of accom-
plishment by which the continued existence of the Concilium is assurc-d
and the maintenance and even gradual expansion of its bibliographic
service provided for. These arrangements have been made possible by
a co-operation of the Swiss Society of Natural Sciences, the National
Research Council (Washington) and the Rockefeller Foundation (New
York), by which all current obligations of the Concilium are paid, a
certain sum is given to Mrs. Field in partial recognition of hitherto
unpaid services of Dr. Field, and financial provision is made for assist-
ance in meeting the current expenses of the Concilium for five years.

A provisional managing committee composed of representatives of
the Swiss Society of Natural Sciences and of the National Research
Council will assume the present control of the Concilium, with Prof.
Dr. J. Strohl of the Zoological Institute of the University of Zurich
as Director. Full details of the new arrangements for the reorgani-
zation of the Concilium and proposed plans for a possible extension of
its work will be published as soon as the arrangements are formally
and legally made.

In the meantime the making of the references and the preparation
and printing of the bibliographic cards will be vigorously pushed and
subscribers may be confident that they will again begin to receive cards
regularly, and that references to papers which appeared during the
war and in the first years after it as well as references to papers in
current periodicals will be sent them. An energetic campaign for the
confirmation of old and for obtaining new subscriptions will be begun
at once. The campaign for American subscriptions will be undertaken
by the National Research Council which will represent the interests of
the Concilium in America. The campaign in Europe will be made by
correspondence from Zurich and by personal visits to various countrio
by the Director of the Concilium. Special requests for information
concerning the Concilium may be made by American subscribers
directly to the National Research Council (Washington). DR. JEAN
STROHL, Director of the Concilium Bibliographicum. DR. K.
HESCHELER, Chairman, Committee on Concilium Bibliographicum, Swiss
Society of Natural Sciences. DR. VERNON KELLOGG, Chairman, Com-
mittee on Concilium Bibliographicum, National Krsr.irrh Council.
Zurich, February 1922.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOM<U.<H;ICAL NI-:\VS 123

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AXD J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Xatural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy -Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology,'see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

2 — Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Philadel-
phia. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 6 — Journal of
the New York Entomological Society. 9 — The Entomologist, Lon-
don. 10 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,
D. C. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 15—
Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D. C. 16 — The Lepi-
dopterist, Salem, Mass. 19 — Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological
Society. 20 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, Paris.
28 — Entomologisk Tidskrift, Uppsala. 29 — Annual Report of the
Entomological Society of Ontario, Toronto, Canada. 39 — The
Florida Entomologist. Gainesville, Florida. 41 — Bulletin de la So-
ciete Entomolcgique Suisse, Bern. 50 — Proceedings of the United
States National Museum. 52 — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic. 58—
New York State Museum Bulletin, Albany. 69 — Comptes Rendus,
des Seances de 1'Academie des Sciences, Paris. 82 — The Ohio Jour-
nal of Science, Columbus. 98 — Annals of Tropical Medicine and
Parasitology, Liverpool. 99 — Bulletin du Museum National d'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris. 108 — Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, Eng-
land. 109 — Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici,
Budapest. 110 — Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Jena. Ill—
Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 134 — Annales de Biologie La-
custre, Brussels. 135 — Schriften der Physikalisch-okonomischen Ge-
sellschaft zu Konigsberg in Pr. 136 — Archives da Escola Superior
de Agricultura e Medicina Veterinaria, Nictheroy (E. do Rio dr
Janeiro). 137 — Zeitschrift des Osterreichischen Kntomologen-Ver-
eines Wien.

GENERAL, da Costa Lima, A. — Notas entomologicas. Technica
para a preparacao e montagem de pequenos insectos para exame
microscopico. 136, v, 97-121; 123-:2ti. Fyles, T. W.— Obituary by
C. J. S Bethune. 4, liii, :.'i;:Mi4. Lucas, W. J.— The order Xeu-

124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

roptera. [Answer to a question from G. V. Hudson.] 9, 19:22, 61-2.
Metcalf, Z. P. — The age of insects. (Tour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc..
xxxvii, 19-53.) Sladen, F. W. L.— Obituary. 4, liii, 240. Smiths.
Inst. — Opinions (68-77) rendered by the International commission
on zoological nomenclature. (Smiths. Miscel. Coll., Ixxiii, No. 1.)
Tarbat, J. E. — Non-attractiveness of electric light. 9, 1922, 64-5.
Weiss & Dickerson — Notes on milkweed insects in New Jersey. 6,
xxix, 123-45.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Christeller, E.— Untersu-
chungen an kunstlich hervorgebrachten hermaphroditen bei schmet-
terlingen. 135, lix, 1-20. Dampf, A. — Uber innere begattungszeichen
bei Tortriciden. 135, Ixi, 66-8. Feuerborn, H. — Das labialsegment,
die gliederung des thorax und die stigmenverteilung der insekten in
neuer beleuchtung. 52, liv, 49-78, 97-111. Harrison, L. — Notes on
the mouth-parts of lice. (Australian Zoologist, i, 214-16.) Macfie,
J. W. S. — The effect of saline solutions and sea water on Stegomyia
fasciata. 98, xv, 377-80. Meyer, R. — Die pollensammelapparate der
bauchsammelnden bienen (Gastrilegidae). (Jen. Zeit. f. Naturw.,
Jena, Ivii, 229-68.) Onslow, H. — The inheritance of wing colour in
lepidoptera. 108, xi, 277-98. Osorio de Almeida, M. — Les reflexes
musculaires. 136, v, 127-41. Schweizer, C. — Der darmkanal des
maikafers. 110, xxi, 78-81. Speyer, W. — Die lokomotorischen ex-
tremitaten der larve von Dytiscus marginalis. 135, Ixi, 43-54.
Stumper, R. — Nouvelles observations sur le venin des fourmis. 69.
clxxiv, 413-15. Thienemann, A. — Die metamorphose der Chirono-
midengattungen Camptocladius, . . . mit bemerkungen uber die art-
differenzierung bei den Chironomiden uberhatipt. (Arch. f. Hydro-
biologie, Stuttgart, ii, Suppl., 809-850.) Zavrel & Thienemann— Die
metamorphose der Tanypinen. (Arch. f. Hydrobiologie, Stuttgart,
ii, Suppl., 655-784.)

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Chamberlain, R. V.— On some Chilopods
and Diplopods from Knox Co., Tennessee. On some arachnids from
southern Utah. 4, liii, 230-33; 245-47.

NEUROPTERA. Dohler, W.— Beitrage zur systematik und bio-
logic der Trichopteren. (Sitz. Naturf. Gesell., Leipzig, 1914, 28-102.)
Lestage, J. A. — Etudes sur la biologic des Plccopteres. 134. ix,
257-68. Morstatt, H. — Zur standischen gliederung und ernahrungs-
biologie der Termiten. 41, xi, 9-16. Tillyard, R. J. — Revision of the
family Eustheniidae (Order Perlaria) with descriptions of new g.
and sps. 29, xlvi, 221-36. Walker, E. M. — The nymph and breeding
place of Aeshna sitchensis. 4, liii, 221-26.

Davis, W. T. — A new dragonfly from Florida. 19, xvi, 109-11.
Howe, R. H.— A new dragonfly from New England. (Oc. Tap.
Boston Soc. N. H., v, 19-20.)

xxxiii, '22] RXTOMOi.ur.ic.u. XKYVS 125

ORTHOPTERA. Hebard, M.— The janeirensis group of the
genus Euborellia, with the description of a new species. (Der-
maptera.) 2, xlvii, 319-24. Rehn, J. A. G. — Studies in Costa Rican
Dermaptera and Orthoptera. I. Two new genera and three new
species of Dermaptera. 2, xlvii, 307-18.

HEMIPTERA. Correction.— Under Hemiptera in the February
number, the reference for Porter should be 131, not 111:.'. Bergroth,
E. — The first heteropteron from Juan Fernandez. 28, xlii, 41-5.
Hempel, A. — Tres novos coccideos. 136, v, 143-46. Horvath, G.—
Genera duo nova Scutelleridarum. 109, xviii, 14.")-(i. Hussey, R. F.—
Ecological notes on Cymatia americana (Corixidae). 19, xvi, 1.'? 1-3(1.
Jacobi, A. — Kritische bemerkungen uber die Cercopidae. Ill, 1921,
A. 12, 1-05. Parshley, H. M. — New England Hemiptera-Heteroptera.
II. 4, liii, 233-39. Poppius und Bergroth — Beitrage zur kenntnis
der myrmecoiden heteropteren. (So. Amer.) 109, xviii, 31-88.
d. 1. Torre Bueno, J. R. — Food plant of Cymus discors. 19, xvi, 136.
Weiss, H. B. — A summary of the food habits of N. Am. Hemiptera.
19, xvi, 116-18. Weise, J. — Einige ncue Promecosoma arten. Ill,
1921, A, 12, 313-15.

Drake, C. J. — On some North and South American Tingidae. 39,
v, 37-43, 48-50.

LEPIDOPTERA. Bell, E. L.— Notes on parasites of Epargyreus
tityrus. 19, xvi, 129. Busck & Heinrich — Life history of Ethmia
macelhosiella. 10, xxiv, 1-9. Dyar, H. G. — New American moths and
notes. A note on Bellura gortynoides. 15, x, 8-18; 50. Griffiths,
G. C.— The pupal habit of Telea polvphemus. 9, Iv, 38-9. Rebel, H.
— Eine neue Nymphalide ans Brasilien. 137, v. (17-8.

Cassino & Swett — Some new species of the geivis Pero. So'ne new
Geometrids. 16, iii, 135-44; 144-50. Watson, F. E.— Miscellaneous
notes and records of local I,, and descriptions of two new aberra-
tions. 6, xxix, 108-73.

DTPTERA. Blacklock, B.— Notes on an apparatus for the indi-
vidual breeding of mosquitoes. 98. xv, 473-77. Bonne- Wenster &
Bonne — A new coloration key for the species of the genus Goeldia.
15, x, 37-S. da Costa Lima, A. — Sobre os Streblideos americanos
(1'upipara). 136, v, 17-34. Ender'e'n, G.— Uber die phvleMsch
alteren Stratiomyiiden-subfamilien (Xylophaginae. Chiromyzinae,
Solvinae. Beridjnae und Coeno'^viinac.) (Mitteil. Zool. Mus. Merlin.
x, 153-21 I.) Ev?ns, A. M.— Notes on Culicidae collected in Vene-
zuela. 98, xv, 4-15-54. Levy. L. — Contributions a 1'etude dcs meta-
morphoses aquatiques cles dipteres. 134, ix, 201-28. MacGregor,
M. E. — The structural differences in the ova of Anopheles maculi-
pennis, A. bifurcatus and A. plumbens. 98, xv, 417-20. Malloch,
J. R. — Exotic Muscaridac. V. 11, ix, 271-80.

Curran, C. H. — A new western Syrphid. A genus and species of
Syrphidae new to Canada. 4, liii, 258-00; 200. Dyar, H. G. — New

126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

mosquitoes from Alaska. The American Aeries of the impiger (dec-
ticus) group. Note on the male genitalia of Culex coronator and
allied forms. 15, x, 1-3; 3-8; 18-19. Felt, E. P. — Mycodiplosis moz-
nettei n. sp. 39, v, 4fi. A study of gall midges. VII. 58, No. 231,
81-240. Garrett, C. B. D.— New Tipulidae from British Columbia.
10, xxiv, 58-64. Parker, R. R. — North Am. Sarcophagidae : A new
genus and several n. sps. from the southwest U. S. 19, xvi, 112-15.

COLEOPTERA. Boving & Champlain— The larva of the N.
American beetle Zenodosus sanguineus of the family Cleridae. 10,
xxiv, 9-11. Davis, W. T. — Cicindela tranquebarica and its habits.
Note on Cicindela tascosaensis. 19, xvi, 111; 130. Fleutiaux, E.—
Descriptions de deux generes nouveaux de Melasidae de la collection
de Museum d'Histoire Nat. de Paris. 99, 1921, 413-14. Hopping, R.
—A review of the genus Monochamus. (Cerambycidae.) 4, liii,
252-58. Nicolay, A. S — Corrections and additions to the Leng list
of Coleoptera. Family Buprestidae No. 1. 6, xxix, 173-78. Pic, M.
— Coleopteres nouveaux de la famille des Hylophilides. 99, 1921,
415-18. Schwarz & Barber — The specific names of two Otiorhynchid
weevils of Florida. 10, xxiv. 29-30. Van Zwaluwenburg, R. H. —
External anatomy of the Elaterid genus Melanotus, with remarks on
the taxonomic value of certain characters. 10, xxiv, 12-29. Weiss &
West — Notes on the dodder gall weevil, Smicronyx sculpticollis. 82,
xxii, 63-5. Wilke, S. — Bcitrage zur systematik und geographischen
verbreitung ungeflugelter Tenebrioniden. (Asidinae.) Ill, 1921,
A, 12, 248-312. Woodruff, L. B.— I athridiidae in the heart of New
York City. 6, xxix, 178-79.

Dawson, R. W. — New species of Serica (Scarabaeidae). 6, xxix,
1 (50-68. Fall. H. C. — The North American species of Gyrinus. 2,
xlvii, 269-306. Garnett, R. T. de — Tableau des especes du genre
Buprestis, appartnant a la faune de 1'Amerique du Nord et descrip-
tion d'un varietc nouvelle. 20, 1922. 9-13. Loomis, H. F. — New
species of the coleopterous genus Trox. (Jour. Wash. Ac. Sc., xii,
132-36.) Notman, H. — Some new genera and sps. of C. collected at
Westfield, Chautauqua Co., N. Y. 6, xxix, 145-60. Wolcott, A. B.—
A new sp. of Saprinus from Kansas. 19, xvi, 119-20.

HYMENOPTERA. Cushman, R. A.— The identity of a hymen-
opterous parasite of the alfalfa leaf weevil. 10, xxiv, 64. Forel, A. — •
Quelques fourmis des cnvironsjle Quito (Ecuidor). (Bui. Soc. Vau-
doise des Sci. Nat., liv, 131.) "'Strand, E. — Zur kenntnis neotropischer
Joppinen. 137, vi, 51-3 (cont.).

Cocberell, T. D. A. — The fossil saw-flies of Florissant. Colorado.
9, 1922, 49-50. Gahan, A. B. — A list of phytophagous Chalcidoidea
with descriptions of two n. sps. 10, xxiv, 33-58. Rohwer, S. A.—
North American sawflies of the subfamily Cladiinae, with notes on
habits and descriptions of larvae. By W. Middleton. 50, Ix, Art. 1.

xxxiii, '22] ENTO.MOI.OOU AT. NEWS 127

OBITUARY.

DR. THOMAS ALGERNON CHAPMAN died at Reigate. Surrey,
England, December 17, 1921. He was born at Glasgow, June
2, 1842. He was an M.D. of the University of his native
town and was resident physician at institutions at Glasgov/,
Abergavenny and Hereford until his retirement in 1897. His
father. Thomas Chapman (1816-1879), was active in ento-
mology and father and son contributed joint papers to the
English entomological magazines in the sixties of the last
century. Dr. T. A. Chapman's work was largely on the life-
history and genitalia of Lepidoptera, especially the Lycaenidae
(1910-1915), Ercbia (1898), Scoparidae (1911) and
. Icronycta, but he also wrote on the habits and transformations
of Diptera (Atheri.v 1866), Coleoptera (Hylcsiiins, Aphodins,
Scolytns), Hymenoptera (Oviposition O'f Sawflies, Chrysids
] arasitic on Odynerus, Alnicra and Bouibvlins ), etc.

He was a Fellow of the Entomological Society of London
cilice 1891 and many times a Vice President, but could never
be induced to accept the Presidency. He was elected a Fellow
of the Zoological Society of London in 1897 and of the Royal
Society in 1918.

His biographer (\Y. G. Sheldon) in The Entomologist for
February, 1922, considers that

Without doubt the late Dr. Chapman was one of the greatest and
most scientific entomologists we have ever produced and one who in
certa:n departments must be regarded as the greatest exponent Britain
has given the science. . . . Foremost among his remarkable powers
was his acuteness of observation ; little facts that others would not
have noticed were seized upon, their significance realized and important
deductions made therefrom. His clear, logical mind and soundness of
judgment were of the greatest importance and usually lei him straight
to the desired goal. . . . His entomological work was carried out in a
thorough manner, and every detail carefully studied ... it was always
illustrated profusely with explanatory plates, many of them exquisitely
drawn and colored. ... He was one of the strongest exponents of
the doctrine, that we cannot satisfactorily classify species by one
character alone, no matter whether it is by the ova, larva or pupa
stage, or by the structure and markings of the imagine, but that we
must take everything into consideration.

128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '22

(There is also an obituary not'ce in The Entomologists' Mnnthl\
Magazine for February, 1922. by Mr. G. C. Champion, accompanied
by a portrait.)

The Entomologists' Monthly Magazine for January, 1922,
announces that Entomologisehe Rlacttcr, XIII, 1917, contains
an obituary notice of DR. GEORG VON SEIDLTTZ, known for his
writings on Palaearctic Coleoptera. He was horn June 19,
1840, in Tschornaja Rjetschka, near Petrograd, and died July
15, 1917, at Irschenhausen, Oherhayern.

The same magazine for July, 1921, contains appreciative
notices of DR. GEORGE BLUNDELL LONGSTAFF, author of
Butterfly Hunting' in Many Lands, who died May 7, 1921, in
his 73rd year, and who was a substantial benefactor of the
Hope Department of Zoology (Entomology) at the University
of Oxford.

Other entomologists whose deaths have occurred within the
past twelve months but have not been noted previously in the
NEWS are FREDERICK WILLIAM LAMBERT S LADEN and the
Reverend THOMAS W. FYLES, obituaries of whom have ap-
peared in the recently issued numbers of Tlic Canadian Ento-
mologist for October and November, 1921, respectively. Both
men were immigrants to Canada, Mr. Sladen in 1912, Dr.
Fyles in 1861. The former was on the staff of the Dominion
Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, and was
perhaps best known for his book, The Humble Bee, Its Life-
History and Hoiv to Domesticate it (London, Macmillan.
1912) ; he was drowned off Duck Island in Lake Ontario, Sep-
tember 10, 1921.

Dr. Fyles was born at "The Hermitage," Enfield Chase,
England, June 1, 1832, and died at Ottawa, August 9, 1921.
He was rector and Immigration Chaplain in the Province of
Quebec, 1864-1909. His collections were transferred to the
Museum in the Quebec Parliament buildings in the latter year.
He was the author of 76 papers in the Reports of the Ento-
mological Society of Ontario and in other journals (Canadian
Entomologist from 1882 on), dealing with various groups of
insects.

I have a collection of between twenty and twenty-five
thousand unmounted insects that I wish to sell. They are all
numbered and marked when and where collected. Taken in
California, Florida and around Lake Superior; also a collec-
tion of Butterflies and Moths.

MRS. F. S. DAGGETT, 351 Bala Ave., Cynwyd, Pa.

ORNITHOPTERA ALEXANDRAE.

Fine perfect specimens of this grand rare species are offered ; also O.
chimaera — Zelotypia staceyi, superb rarity — many others. Largest stock of
exotic Coleoptera, rarities and unnamed series. Also the most important
books on Entomology in stock.

Janson & Sons, Naturalists & Booksellers 44, Great Russell St., LondonJ.C. I.

April 1st, my well-known business,
"THE BUTTERFLY STORE," 80 Fifth Ave., New York

changed hands. My experienced assistant, Miss Margaret
Scherbanm will run it — I remain in the butterfly market. After
doing some traveling for entomological purpose?, I intend to
settle at PYRMONT, HANOVER, GERMANY, and am always open
for correspondence regarding purchase, sale and exchange of
Lepidoptera. Specialty : supply of insect pins and other Euro-
pean utensils. Thanking you,

0. FULDA, 80 Fifth Avenue, New York
Tropical African (Uganda) Butterflies and Moths, Etc.

Excellent Material. Great Variety.

Apply for particulars and prices.

R. A. DUMMER, Care S. A Museum, Cape Town, South Africa.

The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. — A journal devoted
to general Entomology, started in 1864, and now edited by G. C.
Champion, J. E. Collin, W. W. Fowler, R. W. Lloyd, G. T. Porritt
and J. J. Walker.

It contains descriptions of new genera and species in all orders
(British and foreign) , life histories, reviews of new works, etc. Vol.
LVIII (VIII of the 3d Series) was commenced in January, 1922.
The subscription for the 12 numbers is 15 shillings per annum, post
free, to be sent to R. W. Lloyd, I, 5, Albany, Piccadilly, London,
W. , England. For terms for advertisements apply to him also.

NEW ARRIVALS

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CATALOGUES OF

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If interested kindly send your list
of desiderata for further information to

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MAY, 1922

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXIII

No. 5

CHARLES ALFRED BLAKE
1834-1903

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.

E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

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ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. REHN,

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1 0 192? -

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIII.

Plate VII.

cacocnernos

tourney i

NORTH AMERICAN PSYCHIDAE.- JONES

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXIII

MAY, 3922

No. 5

CONTENTS

Jones — Two New Psychids, and Notes
on Other Species ( Lepidoptera,
Psychidae ). 129

Cresson — Descriptions of New Genera
and Species of the Dipterous Fam-
ily Ephydridae—V 135

Williamson — Enallagmas Collected in
Floiida and South Carolina by
Jesse H. Williamson with Descrip-
tions of Two New Species (Odo-
nata, Agrionidae 1 138

Champlain and Knull — New North

American Coleoptera 144

Cockerel! — Some Coccidae found on
Orchids ( Horn. ) 149

Editorial— The Conservation of Nat-
ural Cond itions 150

Hutchison The Mulford Biological
Exploration of the Amazon Basin.
Bulletin No. 7 150

Entomological Literature 151

Review of Carpenter's Insect Transfor-
mation 153

Doings of Societies — Ent. Sec., Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila 155

Obituary — Sandor Mocsarv. Dr. Ernest
Rousseau, Sir Patrick Manson, Dr.
Joseph Lane Hancock 157

Correction 160

Two New Psychids, and Notes on Other Species
(Lepidoptera, Psychidae.)

By FRANK MORTON JONES, Wilmington, Delaware.

(Plates VII, VIII)

Of our North American Psychidae. four species, confed-
crata firt. carbonaria Pack., fragmentella Hy. Edw., and
tnicvi Jones have been referred to Enrycyttants Hampton,
originally created as a sub-genus of Psyche Schrank for the
reception of an insect from the Nilgiri District. India. In
this sub-genus the anal vein of primaries sends a single branch
to the inner margin, "vein 6" is absent from both wings, and
the anterior tibiae are not spurred; in the two species whose
descriptions follow, however, and in tracyi Jones, the primaries
lack even the basal portion of lr K'omstock's 1st anal), a
condition not shown in Hampson's illustrations of the vena-
tion of I'syclie or of any of its sub-genera. Since, however,
by Ilampson's table's, and by that of Xeumoegen & Dyar in
our own literature, these insects run out to Eurycyttarus, and
until a detailed comparison with the world-species permits
their more accurate placing, it seem> best, for the- present, to

leave them there.

129

130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

In both 1919 and 1921 the larval cases of one of the new
species were found in considerable numbers, attached to tree-
trunks, at DeFuniak Springs. Florida. The life-cycle of this
insect is apparently similar to that of confcderata (irt.. for
in mid-May the larvae creep up from the ground and attach
their cases to the bark, preliminary to pupation. Where oaks
and pines grow together, oaks are preferred ; and the cases
are rarely found more than five feet from the ground. From
numerous cases gathered about May 20. forty males emerged,
but not one female ; and since none of the remaining cases
contained female pupae, the conclusion seems inevitable that
the female larvae must have sought out other and different
situations for the suspension of their cases. This habit does
not seem to have been recorded for any of our North American
Psychidac, though it has been noted at length (Hofman. Berl.
Entomol. Zeitschr., IV) of European species. For this insect
is proposed the name of

Psyche (Eurycyttarus) celibata n. sp. (Plates VII, VIII).

Larval case. — Roughly cylindrical, 15 mm. in length ; of coarse texture
externally, the material overlaid upon the silken tube consisting of thin
flakes of pine hark, and a few short hits of dry pine-needles or fine
grass-stems irregularly applied longitudinally and not usually projecting
far beyond the extremity of the case.

Larta, just before pupation. — Length. 9 mm.; width of head, .9 mm.
White; the chftinized areas of the thoracic segments dark brown, with
the usual narrow longitudinal white lines. Head dark brown, almost
black, with the front (or at least its upper portion) white; three oblique
white bars on each epicranium, the upper and longest extending to the
adf rental sclerite; the frontal punctures inconspicuous, the frontal setae
opposite them, and the 2nd adfrontals slightly higher. Prothoracic
spiracle not regularly oval, almost as high as wide. Primary body-setae
present, as indicated in the illustration.

Pupa of $ . — Length 6 mm. ; dull amber brown, darker dorsally, the
eyes dark brown. Front smoothly rounded. The mesothoracic wings
extend halfway across the third abdominal segment ; the prothoracic
legs and the antennae extend almost to the caudal margin of the wings ;
the mesothoracic legs reach the wing-margin, and the metathoracic legs
slightly exceed the margin. Abdominal segments 8, 9 and 10 are curved
ventrad; the two caudal hooks are large, each terminating in a sharp
thorn. The dorso-cephalic portions of the abdominal segments are
finely striated, and from the dorso-cephalic margin of segments 6, 7

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 131

and 8 projects a toothed ridge, — the teeth directed caudad, — successively
more prominent in the order named, and forming a conspicuous comh-
like projection on the 8th segment. The usual dorso-caudal row of fine
short spines, their points directed cephalad, occur on abdominal seg-
ments 3, 4 and 5. The spiracles are raised above the body surface.

The pupal stage lasts about four weeks.'

Adult $ . — Expanse 10.5 to 12.5 mm. Brownish black, the wings
broad and much rounded. Vestiture of head, thorax and abdomen
rather long, hairy and erect, with an admixture of white hairs. In
dried examples the abdomen rarely exceeds the margin of secondaries.
The scaling of the wings is uniform and moderately dense, the costa
of primaries narrowly darker. The primaries have 11 veins, the sec-
ondaries 7. The venation of ten examples was studied in detail, the
primaries showing no significant variation, and the extreme range found
in the secondaries is exhibited on Plate VIII. the first figure showing
the more usual condition.

Described and illustrated from numerous bred examples;
the type is in the collection of the author, and paratypes will
be distributed. T\f>c tocalitv. DeFuniak Springs. Walton
County, Florida. Larvae and cases apparently identical were
also collected near Wilmington, North Carolina. Dates of
emergence (1921) ranged from May 24 to June 22.

The larval cases and larvae of a second and larger species
have been turned up at intervals throughout the last few years,
from localities ranging from North Carolina to south and
west Florida, and by several collectors including the author,
who. however, did not succeed in breeding the moth until the
autumn of 1921. It proves to be a close ally of tracyi Jones.
An interesting difference between the two species is in the size
of the legs of the adult males, shown, at the same scale, on
Plate YITI. This seems to be correlated with a difference in
the female cocoons, to which the males must cling in mating.
That of tracvi (see Entomological News XXII. May, 1()11.
Plate VI ) is wide and blunt at its extremity, while that of the
new species is more slender, — or rather, the silken tube is
almost bare of thatching material at its lower end. Because
of this "weak-legged" condition, for this insect is proposed
the name of

Psyche (Eurycyttarus) cacocnemos n. ^p. ( I'latrx \ II. VIII).

Larval case. — Length, 25 to 30 mm. Similar in type to that of tracyi.

132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

but the thatching material, — flat bits of grass or sedge, sometimes
slender rush, — is much less evenly arranged and the fragments are less
uniform in size. Especially on the case of the $ , a few much longer
pieces, sometimes pine needles, are attached to its upper portion, often
projecting beyond the lower extremity of the case. The lower half
of the case bears fewer and- shorter pieces, usually showing the silken
tube in part ; and the general effect is of a shaggier, more slender and
tapering case than that of tracyi.

Larva, last stage. — Length, 15-20 mm.; width of head, 2.1 mm. Pale
dull grayish brown ; the head and the strongly chitinized portions of
the thoracic segments are dark brown with white markings, which are
continued less conspicuously on the setal plates of the immediately suc-
ceeding abdominal segments, fading out caudally. The pale markings
of the thoracic segments consist of the usual narrow longitudinal lines
and the margins of the chitinized plates. Though the proportion of
light and dark is variable, the conspicuous head-markings usually con-
sist of three oblique bars on each epicranium, in a symmetrical distribu-
tion of light and dark areas on the front, and in a horseshoe-shaped
band whose arms reach the adfrontal sclerites between the adfrontal
setae. The 2nd adfrontal, the frontal puncture, and the frontal seta
are almost in line, the latter falling very slightly below a line drawn
joining the other two.

Puf>a of $. — Length 10-11 mm. Structurally similar to that of
tracyi, but dark chestnut brown in color (tracyi is reddish amber),
more rugose and less polished than that species. The mesothoracic
wings overlap a portion of the third abdominal segment, ventrally; the
mesothoracic legs and the broad antennae extend to the wing-margin,
and the prothoracic legs almost reach the margin. The cephalic por-
tions of the abdominal segments, especially dorsally, are striately
rugose. A short spiny dorso-cephalic ridge, the teeth directed caudad,
is present on segments 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, low and indistinct on 3, 4 and
5, thence progressively more prominent, on 8 expanding into a leaf-like
appendage. Segments 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 each bears a dorso-caudal row
of fine short spines, their points directed cephalad. The caudal seg-
ments are curved ventrad, each caudal hook terminates in a single
thorn, and the abdominal spiracles are raised slightly above the body
surface.

Adult $. — Expanse, 17mm. Blacker (less brown) than tracyi. The
antennae are broadly bipectinate, with 30-34 joints (in the several
species examined the number of joints proved variable, and the apparent
3rd joint bearing more than two pectinations was counted as a single
joint). As in cclibata and tracyi, the shaft and its pectinations are
scaled on one side with semi-appressed hair-like scales. Compared
with tracyi of approximately the same robustness and wing expanse,
the legs are shorter and more slender, the primaries are apically more

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIII.

Plate Vlll.

TOUMEYI

NORTH AMERICAN PSYCHIDAE.- JONES.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133

acute, the secondaries are proportionately longer and narrower. The
caudal segments of the abdomen are widely tufted laterally. The end
of the cell of primaries is obscurely marked with a vertical black bar.
In both species (cacocncmos and tracyi) the primaries have 11 veins,
the secondaries 7, the anal veins of primaries as in cclibata; the illus-
trated difference in the radial veins of primaries is not specific, but
occurred in both species ; in the limited number of examples available
for detailed study the differences shown in venation of secondaries were
apparently specific.

Adult 9. — Of the usual grub-like form. Length, living, 11 mm.; the
chitinized dorsal portions of the thoracic segments are pale straw-
yellow, and the abdominal band of downy hair is very pale dull fawTi-
color.

Described and illustrated from 5 males and 1 female, bred
from larvae collected near Jacksonville, Florida. The author
hi!.s collected similar cases, some of them containing living-
larvae, near Wilmington, N. C. ; at Summerville, S. C. ; at
DeFuniak Springs, Walton Co., Florida ; other records include
Tampa, Florida (E. L. Bell), and Lakeland, Florida (J. A.
(Irossbeck). The larvae of this insect are found feeding, in
open and sunny places, upon sedges, grasses, rushes, some-
times on low growing herbaceous plants, occasionally on
shrubs growing among these, and they reach their full growth
in spring or early summer. Of 80 larvae brought from Florida
!•> Delaware in early June and confined with growing plants
nut of doors, where they fed intermittently throughout the
summer, only a few survived to pupate in September and
( Vtober. the moths emerging the same season. Tracyi, as far
as we have records, emerges in the spring.

The /v/v,v and parqtypes are in the Collection of the author.

Oiketicus toumeyi Jones (Plates VII, VIII).

In Entomological News XXXIII, 1()22, page 12, a new
i'sycliid from Arixona was briefly described as Oiketicus
toitinevi. In mid-April, 1918, the larvae of this insect were
found in abundance nn locust trees growing along the cit\
Greets of Tucson. Some had already spun their cases fast
for pupation, others were about to do so, and no early stage
larvae were observed. The foliage showed little signs of feed-
ing, and these conditions were interpreted to indicate that this

134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

msect hibernates as a full-grown larva. Emergence of the
moths took place from June 15 to July 3. It is now possible
to publish illustrations of this insect, and some additional
descriptive matter :

Larval case. — Length usually from 60 to 70 mm., but occasionally
exceeding 100 mm. ; diameter at widest part about 10 mm. For pupation
usually suspended from a twig by a strong encircling band of silk,
below which the case widens abruptly, thence of almost uniform diam-
eter for about two-fifths of its length, then tapers to the lower extrem-
ity. It is composed of tough grayish-white silk, of which usually a
considerable portion is bare of attached material; this mav consist of
bits of slender sticks or of leaf -stems, applied longitud.nally, or of
dry leaf-fragments, or of both of these materials in indiscriminate
mixture.

Last stage lan'ae. — Length 40-60 mm. ; width of head 3.9 mm. Dull
brown; the head and the chitinized areas of the thoracic segments, less
conspicuously the setal plates of the abdominal segments, almost white.
The head and the thoracic shields bear foliated markings of dark
brown, and most of the setae of the head and thorax arise from dark-
brown dots. The markings of the head are asymmetrical, though not
always to the extent illustrated. A line drawn from the 2nd adfrontals
through the bases of the frontal setae also touches the upper margin of
the frontal punctures.

Pupa of $ . — Length 21 mm. ; chestnut brown, the head, thorax and
wings lighter than the abdomen, which is more conspicuously and
striatel;- rugose, especially its dorsal portions. The front terminates
in a sharp median ridge with flattened lateral expansions along the
epicranial suture. The mesothoracic wings only slightly overlap the
third abdominal segment ventrally. The antennae are broad and short,
their apices reaching a point midway from the frontal crest to the caudal
margin of the wings ; the prothoracic and mesothoracic legs reach points
respectively two-thirds and three-quarters the distance from the crest
to the margin of the wings. The caudal segments are curved ventrad,
and the caudal hooks are heavily chitinized, almost black, and bear
single thorns. A dorso-cephalic spined ridge, its strong teeth directed
c; ndad, occurs on each of abdominal segments 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8; and a
durso-caudal row of fine bent spines, their points directed cephalad, on
each of segments 2, 3, 4 and 5. The abdominal spiracles are produced
beyond the surface of the body.

Adult 9 . — Length 24-30 mm. Of the usual form, more nearly resem-
bling the 9 of abboti, rather than that of ephemerae formis. The crest-
likt- medio-dorsal ridge of the thoracic segments is high and sharp, and
caudally the body is truncated rather abruptly. The abdominal ring of
downy hairs is less abundant in quantity, paler in color, and less evenly
distributed than in abboti.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135

The wing-venation of 18 males of toinncyl was studied in
detail and the more significant variations illustrated, together
with the fore tibia with its strap-like appendage. The illus-
trations of this and other species (Plates VII, VIII) are
almost self-explanatory, though it might be noted that no effort
was made to indicate the very inconspicuous pupal setae.

The generic references of these four insects are admittedly
unsatisfactory ; but not only the literature of exotic species,
but more complete knowledge and representative series of the
insects themselves are requisite for a better understanding of
this puzzling and interesting group. "One is compelled to
conclude" (Tutt, British Lepidoptera, II, 127, 1900) "that
the higher Psychids are almost unknown, so far as their
relationships to each other are concerned."

Descriptions of New Genera and Species of the
Dipterous Family Ephydridae. — V.*

By F.ZRA T. CRESSON, JR., Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Plagiops Kinei new species.

Black; antennae, apices of tibiae and all tarsi, yellow. Halteres
black. Win^s yellowish-hyaline, with extreme base blackened. Sculp-
turing of frons and face medianly, strongly granulose, that of meso-
nutum and scutellum in form of minute pits. Face with the broad
parafacialia yellowish. Abdomen and face somewhat metallic green.
Length 2.3 mm.

T\pe. — 9: Puerto I'.arrios, ( luatemala. March ,v!4, 1905
(J. S. Mine). [Ohio State University Collection. |

Peltcpsilopa schwarzi new species.

Black; antennae, including arista, tibiae and tarsi, yellow. Halteres
black. Entirely highly polished, metallic blue, green or purple Wings
yellowish; extreme base blackened. Length 2 mm.

Type- ' ?; Cayamas. Cuba, May 16 ( K. A. Scluvarz).
IU/S. N. M.. No. 25309.] Paratype.—} £ ?; topotypical.

Ceropsilopa dispar new species.

Black; apices of tibiae and all tarsi yellow. Halteres white. Wings
hyaline with pale veins. Shining species; face polished. Frons with a
narrow transverse depression above antennae. Face weakly convex,
not prominent medianly. Length 1.75 mm.

*For paper IV see Ent. News, xxviii, 340-341, 1917.

136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

Type. — 9 ; San Diego County, California, March 12, 1907.
[Washington State College Collection.] Paratype. — 1 9 ; San
Diego, California, June 30 (M. C. Van Duzee).
Ceropsilopa coquilletti new species.

Legs, including coxae and apices of tarsi, yellow. Shining to polished
with little or no metallic tints. Face narrow, strongly, transversely
convex, and transversely sculptured, especially on lower portion, giving
it a subopaque appearance. Length 2.75 mm.

T\pe. — 9?; Pacific Grove, California, October 7, 1906 (J.
C. Bradley). [Cornell University Collection.] Paratvpes —
2 specimens ; topotypical.

LEPTOPSILOPA new genus.

This genus is proposed for the reception of those Psilopa-
like species having a sculptured, more or less transversely wrin-
kled face; facial bristles high, about middle of facial profile,
and the black fore tarsi noticeably thickened.

Genotype. — Psilopa sliuiUs Coquillett, 1900.

Leptopsilopa lineanota new species.

Very similar to similis Coq. with its fore coxae, middle and hind
femora pale, but differs from that species by the infuscation of the
wings occupying the first posterior cell except its base. The 'wings are
narrow, pointed. Length 2.25 mm.

Type. — $ ; Paraiso, Canal Zone, Panama, February 7, 1911
(A/Busck). [U. S. N. M. Coll., No. 25310.] Paratypes-
1 $ ,2 9 ; topotypical. 1 9 ; Corazal. Canal Zone, Panama.

Leptopsilopa subapicalis new species.

Very similar to sitnilis, but the distal infuscation of the wings is con-
fined to a narrow, subapical fascia at the tip of the second vein ; fore
coxae, middle and hind femora pale. Length 2.5 mm.

Type. — 9 ; Port of Spain, Trinidad (Ujhelyi). [ Hungarian
National Museum Collection.] Para type. — 1 ? ; topotypical.

Leptopsilopa nigricoxa new species.

Simulating subapicalis, but the fore coxae are black and the fore
femora pale; wings distinctly maculate. Length 2.5 mm.

Type. — $ ; Asuncion, Paraguay, 1905 (Vezenyi). (Hun-
garian National Museum Collection.] Para types. — 1 £ , 1 9 :
topotypical.

Psilopa skinneri new species.

Similar to fulvipennis Hine, but the head is not so broad, and the
mesonotum and scutellum more convex and scarcely sculptured. Head.
thorax and abdomen, coxae, femora and halteres black. Face flattened.

XXxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137

rot highly polished, with a sparsely polliniferons median stripe. Wings
yellowish with dark base. Length 2.5 mm.

T\pc. — 9 ?; Guantanamo. Cuba. February 10, 1914 (Henry
Skinner). [A. X. S. P., No. 6346.] Paratypcs—2 9 ? : topo-
typical.

Psilopa olga new species.

Very similar to P. Icncoxtoniii Meigen of Europe, which also occurs
in our fauna. In the present species the antennae and legs except the
tarsi are black. The wings have a distinct fuscous spot at the tip of the.
third vein and a faint one at the tip of the fourth.

Type.— S ; Olga, Washington. Jul>" 26, 1909 (A. L. M dan-
der). [Washington State College Collection.] I'.initypcs —

2 $,2 9 ; topotypical.
Psilopa dimidiata new specie?.

Very similar to Psilof>a olf/a, but less polished ; face more shining
with scarcely noticeable white pollen, and in profile more convex ;
cheeks narrower; wings at most with traces of spots at tips of veins.
Length 2 mm.

Type — 3 ; Chalcolet, Idaho, August, 1915 (A. L. Alelan-
der). [Washington State College Collection.] Parutypcs.—

3 $,6 9 ; topotypical.
Trimerina adfinis new species.

Black: antennae except third joint above and apices of tarsi, yellow.
Middle and hind femora and bind tibiae somewhat bnmnish. Palpi
brownish. Halteres white. Wings brownish; cross veins clouded, and
brown spot at tip of submarginal cell. Shining, at most thinly grayish
or brownish pruinose. Face subopaque, grayish white. Moonotum
and scutellum faintly and minutely punctured. Latter noticeably
bronzed. Head in profile flattened, with frons and face nearly vertical.
Face long; median area transversely convex, with two bristles each
side. Mesonotum without prescutellars, but with setulac distinctly seri-
ated. Abdomen with lateral margins revolute. Length 2 mm.

'r\<pc. — 9 : Kaslo, Hritisli Columbia, February ~J. ( R. \\ Cur-
rie)~ [U. S. N. M., No. 21843.1 Paratype.--\ 5 ; topotypical.

Discocerina aliena new species.

Black, \vith bases of tarsi pale. Halteres white. \\ ings hyaline,
with dark veins. Shining to polished: frons more obscured, brownish,
becoming whitish anteriorly. Face opaque, silvery or while, flattened
below, or with slight median swelling: t'ovcae shallow: one bristle
present at slightly below middle of profile; parafacials linear. Length
3 mm.

'fypc.— - ' ; P.erkeley. Alamcdn County, California. l;cbru-
ary"23, 1908 (Cresson). [A. X. S. I1.. No. 6347.] Pani-
tvpcs. — 2 S, 1 9 ; topotypical.

138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

Enallagmas Collected in Florida and South Carolina
by Jesse H. Williamson with Descriptions of
Two New Species (Odonata, Agrionidae).

By E. B. WILLIAMSON, Bluffton, Indiana.

(Continued from page nS)

The male of concisitin runs out in Calvert's key to pictnm,
which species it resembles very closely, the only reliable char-
acter for their separation I have detected being in the distinctly
longer and differently shaped abdominal appendages of
co.ncisuin. A small color difference seems to be constant: in
pic tn in the second lateral thoracic black stripe is abruptly nar-
rowed at three-fourths or two-thirds its length to narrow line
for the anterior fourth or third of its length; in concisitin the
stripe widens almost uniformly from its most anterior end
to the posterior end.

In Calvert's key to the known females of the group,
concisiiin has the wide black humeral stripe of his first divi-
sion, but due to the shortening of the mesostigmal lamina
(hence the specific name), the meeting of the black stripe and
the lower end of the mesostigmal lamina is by a point only.
Concisiiin would then run out to plctum, from which species
it is separated in the following key which is supplementary to
Calvert's key.

in concisum (and pictnm) the pale colored legs of the
female, with the femora conspicuously dark on the dorsum,
are in marked contrast with the orange, and entirely unmarked,
legs of the male. Also it is a curious fact that in concisnin,
where the male abdominal appendages are conspicuously
longer than in its near ally, picinin. the female mesostigmal
laminae, which these appendages grasp, in concisiiin are much
shorter than in pictum, but in the single female of concisum
I have seen there is on either mesinfraepisternum, near its
upper edge, and below the lower edge of the mesostigmal
lamina, a distinct small round contact point which, in all likeli-
hood, is engaged, during mating, by the supero-internal sub-
apical hook of the superior appendage.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 139

Key to knoicn female EntiUuiimas of the pollutum f/roup.

1. Black humeral stripe imt touching the lower end of the meso-
stigmal lamina, pale antehumeral stripe wider than the black
humeral, second lateral thoracic suture with a black stripe on its
uppermost fourth or fifth only vesperum

Y. Black humeral stripe touching the lower end of the mesostigmal
lamina 2

2(1'). Dorsum of segment 10 pale colored 3

2'. Dorsum of segment 10 black; prothoracic dorsal pits small, each
with a small pale area anterior and adjacent to it 5

3 (2). Prothoracic pits large, situated near the anterior border of

the middle lobe, a pale area posterior and external to each.
Mesostigmal lamina black, a pale stripe from and including the
dorsal tubercle downward and forward across the lamina ; the
lower end^ of the lamina deeply indenting the mesinfraepisternum,

s:gnatum

3'. Prothoracic pits smaller, situated at or near the mid-length of the
middle lobe, pale color adjacent to each more extensive anterior to
it or to its level, rather than posterior to it . .4

4 (3'). Mesostigmal lamina barely touching the mesinfraepisternum.

Anterior end of the antehumeral pale stripe bordered with a
broad stripe of black on the mesostigmal lamina, which black
widely separates the antehumeral stripe from the pale vertical

stripe on the lamina sulcatum

4'. Mesostigmal lamina slightly but distinctly indenting the mesin-
fraepisternum. Antero-mesal end of the antehumeral pale stripe
very narrowly separated by black from the extensive pale area of
the mesostigmal lamina pollutum

5 (2'). Prothoracic dorsal pits situated anterior to the middle of

the middle lobe. Dorsal tubercle of the mesostigmal lamina pale
colored, from which a narrow pale stripe runs downward and
forward across the lamina ; posterior to this pale stripe the
lamina is broadly black, grooved, and with its lower end very
slightly indenting the mesinfraepisternum; the extensive black on
the lamina widely separates the lower end of the pale antehumeral
stripe from the pale stripe on the lamina, or, to express it in
possibly a better way, the dorsal and humeral black stripes are
broadly joined by a black bar across the mesostigmal lamina,

pic tu in

".'. Prothoracic dorsal pits situated at about mid-length of the middle
lobe. Dorsal tubercle of the mesostigmal lamina pale colored,
from which a pale line extends downward to or nearly to the
lower end of the lamina, the lower half of this pale line expanded
to cover the lamina to its anterior border; apparently the meso-
stigmal lamina, the ventral mesostigmal plate and the mcscpis-

140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

ternum converge to a point on the edge of the mesinfraepisternum
(see paragraph, middle of page 374, Calvert, loc. cit.) ; dorsal and
humeral black stripes narrowly joined by a black stripe on the:
mesepisternum-mesostigmal lamina suture concisum

Enallagma signatum Hagen. Fort Myers, Florida, March 4 and
11, 1921, 3 $ ; Enterprise, Florida, April 16 and 20, 1921, 25,1 9 ,
all by J. H. Williamson. At Fort Myers the specimens were col-
lected on a small creek just west of a cemetery about half a mile east
of town. At Enterprise the specimen taken April 20 was captured
at a small swamp on the south side of the railroad one mile east of
the station.

In these Florida specimens the male superior appendages
are in every case slenderer than in all other specimens I have
seen.

•

Enallagma pollutum Hagen. Miami, Dade County, Florida, Ever-
glades, January 23, 1899, S. N. Rhoads. 3 $ ; Fort Myers, Labelle,
Moore Haven, Palmdale and Enterprise, Florida, for dates see first
paragraph of this paper, J. H. Williamson, 313 $, 104 9, a few
tenerals and many pairs taken in copulation, most of the specimens
taken at Fort Myers, Moore Haven and Palmdale, while at Labelle
and Enterprise the total catch for both stations was 9 $ and 4 $ .

At Fort Myers, Mr. Williamson noted: "Taken along
shady stretches of a small, mucky-bottomed creek where it
flows through orange groves. Easily caught as they rested on
green vegetation at the water's edge." At Moore Haven he
noted : ''Taken in large numbers along sun-exposed drainage
ditches; vegetation in water and on ditch banks scanty." And
at Palmdale : "Frequented floating, grass-like vegetation in
shallow, running water at shaded parts of Fisheating Creek."
Generally the Enallagmas of the pollntnui group are lake or
pond species; pollutum however seems to prefer streams.

A pair taken March 30, 1921, at Moore Haven is preserved
with the male appendages in position grasping the female. In
these specimens, the apices of the male inferior appendages
are just above the dorsal prothoracic pits of the female, and
confirm Dr. Calvert's suggestion that the appendages, in copu-
lation, engage the pits. The externo-superior branch of the
superior appendage grasps the mesostigmal lamina of the
female, the anterior raised border of the latter fitting in the
concavity between the externo-superior branch and the intenio-

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 141

inferior lamella of the superior appendage, the latter lamella of
which overlaps and engages the anterior border of the mr-»
stigmal lamina.

In tenerals of both sexes the yellow or orange color of adults is
replaced by pale blue, yellowish appearing first on the face and frons.
Abdominal segment 9 of the female has the dorsal black of nearly
uniform width in nearly every case, rarely the apical third or fourth
is abruptly narrowed and more rarely the dorsal black is triangular
in shape, but, as indicated by Hagen's original description and contrary
to Cal vert's description (p. 378, loc. cit. ), the black may not reach the
apex of the segment by a distance of sometimes as much as nearly
one-third the length of the segment, though usually the color is as
described by Calvert. The pale postocular spots in both sexes are also
not constant and I have seen males in which the spots might properly
1>e described as more nearly linear than cuneiform.

In Hagen's original description of the male pollutant, ab-
dominal segment 9 and the sides of 10 are blue. This is tnu-
only of very teneral specimens. Dr. Calvert arrived at his
determination of pollutant by sending drawings and notes to
Mr. Banks for comparison with the Hagen types. To further
confirm the matter I sent specimens to Mr. Banks, who care-
fully compared the Fort Myers specimens, collected by Mr.
Williamson, with the seven specimens in the Hagen collection.
Mr. Banks not only compared the abdominal appendages hut
carefully checked the color patterns of head, thorax, legs and
abdomen, and he writes that the two sets of specimens are
identical, and that the "blue" of segment '• is certainly an
error.

In a letter of November 6, 1921, Dr. Calvert writes: "Laurent
recently sent me some E. polhttiiin be took at Gunntown, Florida, last
March, one male of which had a pair of orange stripes, transverse to
the main axis of the body, on the disk of the nasus and orange twin
spots on the dorsum of the mid prothoracic lobe as in the female;
pale antehumeral and black humeral stripes each .37 wide at mid-
height. Abdomen £ 28, 9 (in copulation therewith) 27; hind wing

<? 17.5. 9 19."
Enallagma vesperum Calvert. I'ahmlale, Florida, April 1, r.i:M, 1

9 ; Kathwood, Aiken County, South Carolina, May 4 and May .">,
lOL'l, 2 $, 1 9 , all by J. II. Williamson.

The South ('arolina specimens were sent to Dr. Calvert who
pronounced them rrx/vru;;;. The 1'almdale female is certainly

142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May. '22

identical with the Kathwood female. Of one of the Kath-
wood males Dr. Calvert writes : "This male is a gynandro-
morph in so far as the mid prothoracic Inhe is concerned,
having asymmetrical pits."

Enallagma geminatum Kellicott. Kathwood, Aikcn County, South
Carolina, May 5, 1921, 22 cj, 11 9 , J. H. Williamson.

The dorsal prothoracic pits of the female first figured by
Carman, but not mentioned in his text (Bulletin 111. State
Lab. Nat. Hist. Vol. XII. 1017), and first discussed by Calvert
( Gundlach's Work on the Odonata of Cuba, 191°-), are pres-
ent, in addition to the. species of the pollution group, in
geminatum, hagoii, rccurrotnin and possibly in others, cer-
tainly, in a modified form, in others.

Enallagma divagans Selys. Kathwood, Aikcn County, South Caro-
lina, April 29-May 9, 1921, J. H. Williamson, 35 <$ , 7 9.

Enallagma exsulans Hagen. Enterprise, Florida, April 15, 1921,
2 ^ ; Kathwood, Aikcn County, South Carolina, April 29 and May
4-7, 1921, 41 5, 19 $ ; all by J. H. Williamson.

Enallagma doubledayi Selys. Enterprise, Florida, April 18, 19, 20.
21, 22 and 25, 1921, 178 5 , 20 9: Kathwood, Aiken County, South
Carolina, April 29, 1921, 1 $ ; all by J. H. Williamson.

At a five acre swamp, about three-eighths of a mile from
Gleason's Pond, near Enterprise, Mr. Williamson noted :%
"Very abundant in a swampy tract, water and muck half -knee
deep, grown up with scattered bushes, waist to shoulder high.
This species and Erythrodiplax minusciilum were so numerous
they were a nuisance. Lestcs I'idita was hard to see." Else-
where in his notes he remarks that E. doubledayi was much
rarer at the four ponds about four miles east of Enterprise,
and from a quarter to a half a mile north of the railroad, than
at the ponds and swamps north of town.

Enallagma durum Hagen. Labelle, Florida March 25 and 2fi. and
Enterprise, Florida, April 16 and 20, 1921, 8 $ , 1 9 , J. H. William-
son.

At Labelle Mr. Williamson noted: "Rested on reed tips in
the river or flew swiftly over the river close to the water's
surface." And at Enterprise: "Flies over Lake Monroe, close
to the surface, and occasionally alighting on reeds." Crossing

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143

Lake Okeechobee on motor launch on April 9: "Teneral> of
II. durum, II. pnllutnw and Iscluiiii'a nunburii were found rest-
ing on railings and woodwork on the boat."

Enallagma cardenium Hagen. Miami, Dade Co., Florida, January
24, 1899, S. N. Rhoads, 5 $ ; St. Petersburg, Florida. April Hi, 1908.
Mrs. C. C. Deam, 1 $ ; Fort Myers, I.ahclle. Palmdale and Enter-
prise, Florida, for dates see first paragraph of this paper, J. II. \Yil-
liamson. 111 $,8 9 ; 75 $ and 6 9 of the above catch were taken
at Ft. Myers.

The form of the male superior appendage is practically iden-
tical in all the Florida specimens I have seen. In supero-
internal view the inferior lamella is about like Calvert's figure
AOa. while the superior branch is slender, like his figure 44a.
but apically hooked as in, figure 38a. Males vary in size from
abdomen 26 to 30, and in some the wings are slightly brown
tinged.

This species is dull and quite un-Enallagma-like in color. More-
over there is an almost universal loss or obscuring of color due to
postmortem changes in preserved material. Mr. Williamson made the
following notes on living colors: "Eyes largely black, paler beneath:
postocular spots dull violet gray. Thorax dull violet, marked with
dark stripes, the middorsal stripe metallic black. Abdominal pale
markings same shade of dull violet as the pale color of thorax."

At Palmdale Mr. Williamson noted: "Frequented floating
water hyacinths in running water, sandy-bottomed stretches
of Fisheating Creek."

A male taken at Ft. Myers on March 4. 1921. has an ant'-
head firmly attached by the mandibles to the left middle tarsus
at about one-third its length. This specimen was sent to Dr.
I1". M. Gaige. who reports that the head is a male Pseudomyrwia
species. Dr. Gaige informs me that the males are all winged
and that most of the species are arboreal. It is possible the
dragonfly may have seized the ant in the air or the attack^ may
have been made when the ant was running about over vege-
tation. Dr. Gaige has also identified the head and thorax of
another ant attached to the legs of a Hctacrina Incsa from
British Guiana. In this case the ant is a Phcidolc species, and
the head and thorax belong to a minor worker. Dr. Gaige
writes that many species of Phcldole forage on vegetation to

144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

the height of several feet and that they are "pugnacious little
devils." Such an ant might conceivably seize a resting drag-
onfly by its legs, but I have little doubt that the dragonfly was
the aggressor and that it plucked the ant from its perch, and
the ant retaliated by seizing a leg in a death grip. I have
elsewhere recorded tropical dragonflies with heads of stingless
bees attached to their legs.

New North American Coleoptera.

By A. B. CHAMPLATN and J. N. KNULL, Bureau of Plant
Industry, Harrisburg, Pa.

The following paper presents a number of apparently unde-
scribed species in our collection. The specimens were not taken
in any particular region, but represent material collected and
received from various sources, as indicated in each description.

\Ye are indebted to Prof. H. C. Fall, who has been of great
assistance to us in examining specimens, and for his opinions
in regard to the material ; also to Dr. Henry Skinner and E. T.
Cresson, Jr.. for the use of the Horn collection.

Chrysobothris woodgatei n. sp.

Robust, depressed, piceous, elevated spaces shining, ventral surface
with coppery bronze lustre. Head densely punctate and rugose, with
lon<s white pubescence. Clypeus broadly emarginate at middle, arcuate
each side. Antennae coppery bronze, third joint longer than following
joints, joints four to eleven, gradually narrowed.

Prothorax twice as wide as long, widest in front of middle, obliquely
narrowed in front, arcuately narrowed toward base, surface convex, a
deep median densely punctate sulcus ; a broad, smooth, slightly elevated
space on each side, a narrower sinuous elevated space nearer to the side.
the surface otherwise coarsely and densely punctured, punctures with
long white hairs. Scutellum small, triangular.

Elytra wider than prothorax, widest back of middle, sides parallel
near »base, sinuate in middle, rounded on posterior third to broadly
rounded apices, lateral margin serrulate along its entire length, disk
convex, first costa expanded into a smooth area on basal half, apical
half a raised line, second and third costae somewhat interrupted into
broad, smooth sinuate areas, fourth costa a raised line parallel to lateral
margin, intervals very densely and finely punctate.

Prestcrnum lobed in front, pubescent, with median smooth area. Last
ventral segment of abdomen serrulate along margin, submarginal ridge
not well marked, abdomen densely and irregularly punctate.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 145

Length 14 mm.

$ . Last ventral segment with a semi-circular emargination, anterior
tibia arcuate, with a lamina on the inside near tip, forming an abrupt
dilation, middle tibia similar to the first, but tooth not as pronounced.
posteror tibia straight.

9. Last ventral segment with a narrow emargination, anterior tibia
arcuate, dilate at tip, but without a tooth.

Described from one male and two females collected at Jemex.
Springs. Xew Mexico, in July, by John \Yoodgate. in whose
honor the species is named. T\pc material in authors' collec-
tion.

According to Horn's* table, this species would come near
( . quadrilineata Lee.

Mastogenius castlei n. sp.

Head and prothorax bright metallic blue, elytra metallic green, cupre-
ous along costal margin, a piceous spot in middle which extends pos-
teriorly along suture, ventral surface including legs aeneous. Head con
vex, impressed in front, coarsely and densely punctate, eyes small.
coarsely granulate. Antennae aeneous, serrate from the fourth joint.
first and second joints globose, third joint narrow, elongate, shorter than
the fifth and about half as long as fourth.

Prothorax wider than long, widest a little back of middle, sides arcu-
ate. more strongly rounded anteriorly, surface convex, coarsely punctate.

Elytra as wide at hase as basal line of prothorax. widest hack of mid-
dle, side margins parallel at hase, sinuate in middle, apices rounded, sur-
face coarsely punctate.

Abdomen sparsely punctate. Posterior margin of hind coxal plate
broadly cmarginate.

Length .} mm.

Described from one specimen collected at Miami. Florida.
May 4, by Dr. D. M. Castle, in whose honor the species is
named. 7'v/v in authors' collection.

According to Schaeffer'st key. this species should follow
Mastogenius puncticollis Schaef.

Idoemea bicolor n. sp.

Slender, elongate, pubescent, testaceous; head orange in color. Head
wider than prothorax, vertex impressed. Eyes large, coarsely granu-
late, narrowly separated on vertex, deeply cmarginate, upper portion
smaller than lower. Antennae eleven-jointed, nearly twice as lonu i
body, covered with short dense puhr-,cence which becomes sparse and

*G. II. II. ,i-ii Trans. . \rner. Knt. Soc. XIII. ISSf,. p. «5.
tChas. SchacltV, Jour. X. V. Knt. Soc. Y. _'(». 1918. p. J14.

146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

longer near base, scape stout, with small concave cicatrix near outer
apical margin, second joint very small, remaining joints about e<|ual in
length and gradually tapering.

Prothorax cylindrical, dilate at middle, longer than wide, surface
unevenly punctate, and with long pubescence, on each side, a dorsal
smooth area, and two protuberances, one basal and one lateral.

Elytra wider than prothorax, three- fourths the length of the abdomen,
narrowed posteriorly, apices rounded, surface coarsely and unevenly
punctate, covered with fine pubescence.

Abdomen sparsely punctate, with short pubescence. Legs with long
pubescence.

Length 9 mm.

Described from one specimen collected at Jemez Springs,
New Mexico, in August, by John Woodgate. Type in authors'
collection.

Elaphidion albomaculatum n. sp.

Form of Elaphidion irroratum L.. brunneous, marked with dense patches
of white pubescence. Head with front irregularly punctate, vertex
transversely strigate, eyes prominent, coarsely granulate, emarginate, a
patch of dense white pubescence in emargination, another patch beside
each eye on vertex. Antennae about one-half longer than elytra in male,
only slightly longer than elytra in female, eleven-jointed, third, fourth,
fifth, sixth and seventh joints bearing a moderate spine on inside, outer
joints finely pubescent, punctate.

Prothorax longer than wide, cylindrical, widened in the center, con-
stricted at apex and base, surface irregularly punctate and pubescent,
with an irregular smooth callus in center, and another on each side in
front and to the rear, also three similar areas along each side; a round
patch of dense white pubescence on each side back of anterior margin,
another elongate downwardly deflected patch on each] side at base,
and a small patch in front of scutellum. Scutellum triangular, covered
with dense white pubescence.

Elytra wider than prothorax, sides nearly parallel, apices truncate.
spinose on the outer side, surface irregularly punctate, punctures becom-
ing obsolete near apex, covered with short pubescence intermixed with
longer hairs, marked with irregular patches of dense white pubescent e.

Sides of meso, and metathorax, and segments of abdomen with patches
of dense white pubescence ; abdomen sparsely punctate, pubescent.

Length 13 mm.

Described from three males and one lemnle collected at
Miami, Florida, on April 2. by J. X. Knull. Type material in
authors' collection.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS . 147

Elaphidion (Anepsyra) delongi n. sp.

Form and color of Elaphidion (Aneftomorpha} suhpnl'cscnis Lee.
Head densely and irregularly punctate. Kycs prominent, coarsely gran-
ulate, emarginatc. Antenna about a third longer than elytra in the malr,
slightly longer than elytra in the female, eleven-jointed, piibescent, pubes-
cence longer toward hase. third joint with a spine ahont half the length
of the fourth joint, fourth joint witli a shorter spine, fifth with small
spine.

I'rothorax cylindrical, longer than wide, surface densely and inegu-
larly punctate, with a median smooth callus on basal half, long flying
hairs numerous. Scutellum densely pubescent.

Klylra wider than prothorax, sides nearly parallel, apices hispinose,
surface densely and regularly punctate, each puncture hearing a long
white hair, punctures becoming less prominent posteriorly.

Abdomen finely punctate, pubescent.

Length U mm.

Described from a male and a female collected at Miami.
Florida, on April 3 and April 12 respectively, by D. M. I VLon^.
in whose honor the species is named. Type material in author-'
collection.

Anthophilax quadrimaculatus n. sp.

Brumicous, elytra ochraceous. with two piceous spots on each side.
Ib-ad coarsely and irregularly punctate on vertex, more finely punctate
on front. Kyes finely granulate, emarginate. Mandibles long, dark at
apex. Antennae eleven-jointed, extending beyond two-thirds the length
of the elytra, scape stout, second joint very small, third joint shorter
than first, but longer than fourth, fifth joint longer than any preceding
•joint, remaining six joints approximately equal in length to the fifth.

Prothorax longer than wide, acute lateral tubercle at middle, a dec])
transverse depression near anterior and posterior margins, base trisinu-
ate, surface deeply and irregularly punctate with median callus, and also
a transverse callus near basal margin. Scutellum small, triangular, finch
and densely punctate.

Elytra wider than prothorax, sides nearly parallel, rounded in apical
fifth to obliquely truncate apices. Surface densely irregularly punctate
on basal half, becoming extremely line toward apex. Color ochraceous.
a lateral piceous spot behind humeral angle, and another in middle of
elytron.

Abdomen densely punctate and pubescent.

Length 16 mm.

Described from a female specimen collected at Kock I'.rid^e.
Ohio, in June, hy Robert J. Sim and C. J. Drake. Y'y/v in
authors' collection.

148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

According to Nicolay's* key, this species would fall next to
A. subz'ittatiis Casey.

Atimia huachucae n. sp.

Piceous, legs and antennae brunneous, covered with coarse luteous
pubescence, with some denuded spots on head, prothorax and elytra.
Head convex, covered with luteous pubescence, with the exception of a
median denuded stripe. Eyes finely granulate, emarginate. Antennae
finel}' pubescent.

Prothorax wider than long, quadrate, disk convex, irregularly densely
punctate, covered with luteous pubescence, which becomes sparse, form-
ing a fine central dark area and two rather broad dorsal and lateral
vittae. Scutellum quadrate, covered with dense luteous pubescence.

Elytra with sides gradually converging to obliquely truncate apices,
surface irregularly punctate, covered with dense luteous pubescence, with
numerous irregular smooth, round, denuded areas.

Ventral surface and legs with short luteous pubescence.

Length 9 mm.

Type and paratypc collected at Cooney, New Mexico, and
Huachuca, Arizona, respectively, in the collection of H. W.
Wenzel. One paratype collected at Paradise, Arizona, by H.
H. Kimhall. in authors' collection.

This species resembles .-Itiiiw confnsa Say, but can be dis-
tinguished easily from this species by the round denuded areas
on the elytra.

Leptostylus floridanus n. sp.

Resembling Lfptostylus arucntntits Duv. in form and color. Head
clothed with gray pubescence. Eyes coarsely granulate, emarginate.
Antennae eleven-jointed, slightly longer than elytra, mottled between an-
nulations.

Prothorax wider than long, with a well developed lateral tubeicule,
disk convex, with a median raised area on basal half, and two similar
areas on each side, surface covered with dense silvery-white pubescence,
pubescence darker in front of scutellum, and a faint line on each side.
Scutellum densely clothed with silvery-white pubescence.

Elytra wider than prothorax, sides parallel near base, widened on basal
half, rounded anteriorly to obliquely emarginate apices, each elytron
with three somewhat interrupted raised lines bearing tubercules, and
also a row along suture, surface deeply and evenly punctate, clothed with
dense silvery-white pubescence on basal two-thirds, apical third and a
small patch back of scutellum darker, a piceous stripe running parallel
to costal margin from humeral angle to apex, deflected obliquely on basal

* A. S. Nicolay— Jour. N. Y. Ent. Sue. V. 25, 1917, p. 38.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEW? 149

half toward suture, on apical third a second oblique stripe running par
allel to the first, and extending from costal margin to suture, a short
oblique stripe in center diverging from suture to first raised line.

Femora strongly clavate.

Length 9 mm.

Described from one specimen collected on Finns caribaea at
Miami, Florida, on April 3, by J. N. Knull. 7 v/H1 in authors'
collection.

Some Coccidae Found on Orchids (Horn.).

The following Diaspine Coccidae, found on greenhouse orchids, are of
interest on account of the locality and, excepting the first, new host-
plant record^.
Aonidia pseudaspidiotus (Lindinger).

I'arlatoria pseudaspidiotus Lindinger, Insekten Borse, XXII (1905).
p. l.U.

Female scale about 1.4 mm. diameter, circular or slightly oval, slightly
convex; first skin a little to one side of middle, strongly green, varying
to cream-color; second skin concealed, enclosing female, dense and chest-
nut red, but covered with pale secretion, so that in the scale the area
around the first skin is whitish; outer part of scale purplish-black, but
the thin margin whittish. No thick ventral film.

bemale circular, without lateral incisions or projections; three pairs of
well-formed lobes, and a fourth small tooth-like one; median lobes
\\idely separated, trilobed : second and third lobes bilobed, the outer lobe
in. ill ; spines ordinary, small; squames strongly fimbriate, those beyond
the (bird lobe mostly very large, subtriangular ; large transverse thicken-
ing, below tbi' interlobular intervals; no circumgemtal glands; anal ori-
fice elongate, with thickened margins; mouth parts very large.

i >n stems oi I'ini/Li tercs Lindley, found by Mr. S. Knudsen in a
•-ireenbouse at ISoulder, Colorado. The orchid belongs to the Indian re-
i ii, ami the scale is undoubtedly an Oriental species.

This species appears to be closely related to .-lunidin ov>n</,;,',i Green
( I. cl'cn'i "Green," I.eonardi), and in spite of its great resemblance to
such species as I'tirliitoritt pcrinindci. I think it is properly an .l,»iidia.
./. pseudaspidiotus was found on an orchid at quarantine at the port of
San Francisco, se\eral wars ago.*

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan).

i in ( i>,'li></\'iic crisliitii Lindley, infesting the leaves. Greenhouse at
! 'i ulder, ( < Joi ,ido.

Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret.

( )n Lael-iocattleya bybr. t'iclnr'uic ( "Oucen Victoria," hurt.) and
Odontoglossum rnx.fii l.mdiey. Greenhouse at lloulder, Colorado. — T. 1 ).
A. COIKKKKI.I., 1'oulder. Colorado.

,*B. 11. Whitney, Montbly Hull. Calif. Comm. Hort., July, 1('U, p.
S.v Parlatoria mangiferae Marlatt, apparently the same species as that
from /',/;;,/,/. was I'mmd on man'.'o. not on orchids. Macgillivray places
nnuiiiif era,' and pseudaspidiotus (as distinct species) in his genus
Genaparlatoria.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., MAY, 1922.

The Conservation of Natural Conditions.

The activities of many entomologists are directed toward the
destruction of insects on as large a scale as their ingenuity and
the material resources at their command will permit. \Yhen
the insects so destroyed are operating against human life, health,
food, clothing, shelter and enjoyment, we applaud the efforts
of our economic colleagues. In earlier days in this country
we generally approved of the killing of various reptiles, birds,
mammals and men who similarly threatened our lives and our
property. Later, a portion at least of the American people
recognized that some of these animals, including the human
species, were, for various reasons, worth saving, especially in
those cases where their destruction touched our personal and
financial interests. Similar reasons have very lately led to
movements for the conservation of forests.

It is well worth considering whether many of our interesting
insects are not being threatened with extermination as a conse-
quence of the destruction of the environment on which their
existence depends. The fate of some of the I'ritish butterflies
is an indication of what may happen here. Various movements
for the conservation of natural conditions are under way,
without respect to financial or commercial considerations but
with regard 10 our intellectual, recreational, esthetic, moral and
spiritual advancement. To all such efforts, the support of ento-
mologists should be forthcoming without delay.

Mulford Biological Exploration of the Amazon Basin.
News Bulletin No. 7.

The safe return on Feb. 26th of Dr. H. H. Rushy, Director of the
Mulford Biological Exploration, was an occasion for rejoicing on the
part of his many friends throughout the country.

Cable messages have just brought the information that the other
scientists of the Mulford Exploration, who have put in four months of
hard work in the Bolivian and Brazilian forests since the time Dr.
Rusby left them, are at last on their wav home. They are expected vo
arrive on the Booth Line SS. Justin, at Brooklyn, on April 13th.

This party consists of Dr. W. M. Mann, assistant entomologist of

150

XXXlli, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1.51

the U. S. Department of Agriculture, who has been acting as director
of the expedition since Dr. Rusby was compelled to leave them on
account of ill health; Dr. O. E. White, assistant botanist at the Brook-
lyn Botanical Gardens and orchidologist of this expedition for Dr.
Oakes Ames of the Bussey Institution of Harvard University ; Dr.
Everett Pearson, ichthyologist of the University of Indiana, who has
been collecting fishes on this expedition for the forthcoming work on
the fishes of South America by Prof. Eigenmann of Indiana University,
reptiles for Dr. Noble of the American Museum of Natural History
nnd batrachians for Prof. Ruthven of the University of Michigan.

Messrs. MacCreagh, Brown and McCarty, the motion-picture photog-
raphers, who accompanied the exploration, will remain until the latter
part of May. In addition to photographic work, they are at present
investigating a special problem for Dr. Rusby concerning the use of
certain drug plants among the Indians of the lower Uaupes River and its
tributaries near the Brazilian-Colombian frontier.

Dr. Mann reports that all members of his party are in good health
and that they are bringing back with them about two and a half tons of
scientific material. In addition to the preserved specimens, they have
a small menagerie of living animals for the National Zoological Garden
at Washington.

These collections, supplementing the very large amount already
shipped home and brought home by Dr. Rusby, will form a very notable
contribution to the scientific investigation of South America, notwith-
standing that the entire period between the time of leaving and of
returning to New York is less than eleven months.

Arrangements are being made for a reception to the scientists of this
exploration, including a number of their friends and many prominent
leaders in the various departments of scientific work represented.

R. H. HUTCHISON, Secretary, Philadelphia, Pa.

[The daily newspapers reported the arrival of Messrs. White, Pearson
and Mann at New York on April 1.3. — EniTOK.J

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

I 'mil •!• tin- above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Acadeiii\ af Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
loinology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
I'Ui coni rihutions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of inserts.
ho\v< -ver. \vlic-ibc-r relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few except ions, are recorded only at their
tirst installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
• if Mexico are cronped at the end of their respective Orders.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
( iffice of Experiment Stations. Washington. Also 11' view of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ejito-
mology. see lleview of Applied Entomology. Series I!

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

4 — Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 10 — Proceedings
of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 12 — Journal of
Economic Entomology, Concord, N. H. 21 — The Entomologist's

152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

Record, London. 54 — Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington, D. C. 69 — Comptes Rendus, des Seances de 1'Aca-
demie des Sciences, Paris. 77 — Comptes Rendus des Seances de la
Societe de Biologic, Paris. 82 — The Ohio Journal of Science
Columbus. 90 — The American Naturalist, Lancaster, Pa. 100 —
Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods
Hole, Mass. 128 — Zeitschrift fur Induktive Abstammungs- und
Vererbungslehre, Leipzig. 138 — American Museum Novitates, New
York. 134 — Annales de Biologic Lacustre, Brussels.

GENERAL. Dean, G. A. — How we may increase the effective-
ness of economic entomology. 12, xv, 41-53. Kelly, E. G. — Co-
operation of agricultural colleges with high schools and rural schools
in economic entomology. 12, xv, 54-02. Robertson, C. — The sun-
flower and its insect visitors. (Ecology, iii, 17-21.)

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Belehradek, J.— Experi-
ences sur la ccllulase et 1'amylase de la salive chez Dixippus moro-
sus. (Arch. Intern. Physiologic, xvii, 260-65.) van Bemmelen, J. F.
—On the primary character of the markings in Lcpidoptera. (Proc.
Sec. Sci., Konink. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, xxi, 58-67.) Bowen,
R. H. — Studies on insect spermatogenesis. 100, xlii, 53-84. Bridges,
C. B. — The origin of variation in sexual and sex limited characters.
90, Ivi, 51-6!!. Crampton, G. C. — A comparison of the first maxillae
of apterygotan insects and Crustacea from the standpoint of phylo-
geny. 10, xxiv, 65-82. Godoelst, L. — Le trimorphisme larvaire des
Oestrides. 77, Ixxxvi, 501-4. Kennedy, C. H. — The homologies of
the tracheal branches in the respiratory system of insects. 82, xxii,
84-90. Mohr, O. L. — Cases of mimic mutations and secondary
mutations in the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. 123,
xxviii, 1-22. Muller, H. J. — Variation due to change in the indi-
vidual gene. 90, Ivi, 32-50.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Gandara, G.— El piojo bianco del hombre.
(Mem. Soc. "Alzate," Mexico, xxxv, 275-301.)

Petrunkevitch, A. — Tertiary spiders and Opilionids of No. Amer-
ica. (Trans. Conn. Ac. Arts & Sci., xxv, 211-79.)

NEUROPTERA. Lestage, J. A.— Etudes sur la biologic des
Plecopteres. 134, x, 2:>1-60. Longinus Navas, R. P. — Insecta nova
(Mem. Ponti. Aecad. Romana, Nuovi Lincei (2), v, 1919, 1-29.)

HEMIPTERA. Knight, H. H. — Nearctic records for species of
Miridae known heretofore only from the palaearctic region. 4, liii
2HO-8S. Poisson, R. — Brachypterisme et apterisme dans le genre
Gerris. 69, clxxv, 947-50.

Dozier, H. L. — A synopsis of the genus Stenocranus, and a new

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153

species of Mysidia. 82, xxii. (i'.t-s:;. Drake, C. J. — A new species
of Plea (Notonectidae.) 82, xxii, 114-1(1.

LEPIDOPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A.— A fossil moth from
Florissant, Colorado. 138, No. ::4. Farm Collection — Sale of the
Farm collection. 21, xxxiv, 4S-51. Warren, B. C. S. — The genus
Hesperia. — A correction. 21, xxxiv, 41-2.

Busck, A. — Alicrolepidoptera from Hritish Columbia. 4, liii, :>T<)-s<i.

DIPTERA. Riquelme Inda, R.— Las moscas llamadas "Tse-tse"
en el Africa, no existen en la America. (Mem. y Rev., Soc. Cient.
"Antonio Alzate," Mexico, xl, 47-55.)

Curran, C. H. — New species of Canadian Syrphidae. 4, liii, :>75-f>.

COLEOPTERA. Dozier, H. L.— An annotated list of Mississippi
Chfysomelidae. 82, xxii, 117-24. Riquelme Inda, J. — El "Max" del
henequen. (Scyphophorus acupunctatus.) (Mem. Soc. "Alzate,"
Mexico, xxxv, 303-18.)

Buchanan, L. L. — Notes on Apion. with descriptions of two n.
sps. (Curculionidae.) 10, xxiv, 82-4. Chapin, E. A. — New North
American Hydnocera (Cleridae). 54, xxxv. 55-8.

HYMENOPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Bees of the
Perdita from the western United States. 138, No. I',:;.

INSECT TRANSFORMATION, by GEO. H. CARPENTER, D. Sc., Professor of
Zoology, Royal College of Science, Dublin; Sec. Royal Irish
Academy. Methuen and Co., Ltd., 36 Essex Street, W. C., Lon-
don. 282 pp., 4 plates and 124 illustrations in text.
Professor Carpenter's researches on various groups of insects are so
well known to entomologists in general that a new book from his pen
is sure of a cordial welcome from them. This work is, to use the words
of his preface, "designed to serve as an introduction to the study of
growth and change in the life of insects," and he hopes that it "may be
of some service to serious workers in entomology as well as to begin
ners."

The plan of the book is a good one. The reader is first introduced
to a few familiar examples of the changes that accompany growth in
the lives of insects, and the morphology of the adult insect is fully
explained before any attempt is made to classify the different types of
change met with. Then, by the use of the ('.rasshopper, Dragonfly and
Moth as examples, the reader is led to the generalized conceptions to
which entomologists have come to apply the comparative terms "anieta
bolic," "hemiinctaholir" and "lioli unetabolic." following Dr. Sharp'*
lead, the phenomena of metamorphosis amongst winged insects is then
divided into its two main sections, the "open" t\pe oi wing-growth
(Exopterygota) and the "hidden t\pe (Endopterygota), and examples

154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

are given illustrating the metamorphosis of eacli of the Orders of
Insects that come under these two headings. This leads, in Chapter V,
to the consideration of wingless insects and the effect of parasitism on
the form of an insect, and this secondary winglessness is then con-
trasted with the primitive unaltered winglessness of the true Aptery-
gota, the Spring-tails and Bristle-tails. The ground thus covered enable*
the author to give in Chapter VI a concise classification of the Insecta,
in which twenty-three Orders are recognized. Chapter VII deals with
the correlation between the growing insect and its surroundings, and
we are here introduced to the secondarily aquatic larvae of certain
Diptera (sandfly, mosquito, etc.), the habits of burrowing and sucking
the juices of plants, the formation of galls, the parasitism of one insect
by another, and finally the care of the helpless young by the adult, as
in the case of ants. The last chapter deals with the general -problems
of insect transformation, and emphasizes the apparent paradox that,
whereas, in other groups of animals, low-grade forms are found to
undergo more profound changes than high-grade forms, yet in the case
of insects the reverse is true, metamorphosis becoming more and more
complete as we pass upwards to the more highly evolved forms. The
reason for this is very clearly explained, and we can recommend th.b
part (Chapter VIII) as the best in the book, particularly the illuminat-
ing discussion as to the probable primitive type of insect larva, the
evolution of the two types of wing-growth, and the short but excellent
summary of the palaeontological evidence.

Any book dealing with so large a subject can scarcely claim to be
original, but the author certainly has as much claim as anyone to be con-
sidered an authority on his subject. Thus we note, as we should expect,
that he has introduced illustrations and examples from a number of
recent researches by modern authors, which greatly enhance the value
of the book. While the general conception and detail of the book are
alike excellent for the beginner, the more advanced student will note
some omissions of considerable importance. For example, in dealing
with the problem of wing-growth, no mention is made of the turning
o\er of the wing-buds in Odonata and certain Orthoptera, in which the
hindwing sheath conies to overlie that of the forewing. In dealing with
the evolution of the pupal state (Chapter II) the author passes in
review the various larval forms found in the Hymenoptera, but quite
fails to mention the praepupal or subpupal stage, which is the most
significant of all facts in connection with this problem, and so misses
the clue to the explanation of the reduction of the number of instars,
without which a true view of the meaning of the pupal state can
scarcely be attained. Again, much has been written in late years on
the internal changes accompanying metamorphosis, yet this fascinating
and intricate subject is dismissed in ten pages at the end of Chapter IV.
There are many students of insects at the present day who would be

xxxiii. '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155

extremely grateful for a clear exposition of the stages by which the
"imaginal buds" of Weismann as seen in the Dipterous maggot, have
been evolved, and for an authoritative account of the definite change-
undergone by the various internal organs and tissues of the insect body
during the actual metamorphosis. Though we realize that these are
difficult subjects and that more researches upon the older Holometabola
are still needed, we may be allowed to feel disappointed that so little
help in elucidating these problems is offered in the present volume.

The text and figures have been on the whole very carefully prepared,
though there are a few errors that need to be corrected. On p. \<>,
fig. 7, the letters A, C, M are made to point to the wrong veins. On
p. 106 we are told that "the ninth segment has a pair of stiff, bristly
cerci" ; the accepted definition of "cerci" makes this statement inaccu-
rate. On p. 178 we read that, in the Order Orthoptera, "the female's
ovipositor is well and typically developed" ; but this is certainly not
true of the Cockroaches and Mantids, included in the Order. On pp.
178-9 the definitions of the Orders Plecoptera and Isoptcra leave much
to be desired, while the Embioptera or Web-spinners are entirely
omitted ! A stereotyped error due to Alvah Peterson and others, is
perpetuated on p. 185, where it is stated that "labial palps are absent"
in the Diptera ; the latest researches go to show undoubtedly that the
labellum is formed from these palps. On p. 269 it is stated that the
Coleoptera of the Trias include representatives of the Chrysomelidae
and Weevils. This is incorrect ; the only families which can be shown
to have existed with any certainty at that time are the Cupesidae and
Hydrophilidae, though there is a strong probability that other elytra
belonged to the Carabidae, Tenebrionidae and Cerambycidae, together
with a few more obscure archaic families.

In concluding this review we should like to congratulate the author
on this his latest work, which is to be strongly recommended to all
students who are interested in this fascinating subject. — R. J. TILI.YAKU.

Doings of Societies.

Entomological Section, The Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia.

Meeting of September 22, 1('21. Thirteen persons present. \ ire
Director R. C. Williams presided.

( iKXF.K.M.. — Mr. Rehn gave a brief narrative of the summer field excur
sion taken by Mr. Hebard and himself in the western States. Mi
Hornig exhibited specimens showing an Knglish method of interesting
young people in nature, in this case entomology, and said that he thought
Midi methods would be practical here in America. The exhibit consisted
of a box of twelve micro-slides of parts of insecst, selling for about
two or three shillings, also a book entitled "Butterflies and Moths at

156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

Home," containing over fifty half-tone illustrations showing the com-
moner species. This, he said, sold for about sixpence.

COLEOPTERA. — Dr. Skinner exhibited specimens of a coleopterous insect
which is reported to be seriously injuring the rose bushes about Phila-
delphia. It is a Chrysomelid, Typophorus guadrinotatus Say. and it
apparently new as a rose-foliage pest.

HYMENOPTERA. — Dr. Skinner also exhibited a specimen of a male
of Pelecinus polyturator Dru., captured by one of our contributors, Mr.
A. R. Allen, at Northeast Harbor, Maine, August 10, 1921. He spoke
about the scarcity of the males of this insect in the United States and
said that Dr. Hagen, while on a visit to Philadelphia, asked to see the
male, stating that he came to Philadelphia especially to see one.

ODONATA. — Dr. Calvert spoke briefly on the Co~ta Rican species of
Palaemnema. stating that the six species which he had collected in that
country differed from each other in the shape of the abdominal append-
ages of the males, as well as in slight color characters, but that in
three species the penis was alike, while in the remaining three the penis
differed in the shape of the tips of the terminal filaments from that of
the first three. Thus on penis-shape there were two groups within the
genus. — E. T. CRESSON, JR., Recorder.

Meeting of December 12, 1921. Eight persons present, including
Mr. Theodore H. Prison, of Riverton Japanese beetle laboratory. Vice-
Director R. C. Williams presided.

GENERAL. — The following report of the editors of the Entomological
News was read :

The Entomological News has just completed a trying year. The
cost of printing reached its maximum this year, compelling us to meet
an increase of about $300 for the yearly edition. In order to balance
this additional expense an increase in the subscription price was con-
templated, but wishing to be reasonably sure that there would not be
a great falling off of subscriptions, a vote was taken in the latter part
of 1920 of the subscribers as to their willingness to continue with an
increase of 50 cents. This resulted in sufficient votes to warrant the
trial. The latest mailing list shows 407 subscribers, which is but slightly
(about 15) below that of 1920. Were it not for this increase in price
and the loyalty of the majority of our subscribers, our present balance,
although small, would have been impossible. Of course the Society' has
extended its helping hand by purchasing the copies used in the exchanges
for the Library, but it has done this for several years past and it is
seemingly proper that it should do so.

The following officers and committees were elected to serve for W22
Director, Philip Laurent; Vice-Director. R. C. Williams, Jr.; Secre-
tai-v, ). A. G. Rehn; Recorder, E. T. Cresson, Jr.; Treasurer, E. T.
Cresson: Conservator, Henry Skinner, M.D. ; Publication Committee.
E. T. Cresson, P. P. Calvert, Ph.D., and E. T. Cresson, Jr.

HYMENOPTERA. — Mr. Prison made a very interesting communication

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157

on the life-history of the Bumblebee, illustrated with excellent lantern
slides, showing the various stages in the nesting life, methods of rear-
ing and establishing of colonies. The nesting habits were discussed
in detail, how and where colonies are established by the queen in the
spring of the year. The successive stages beginning with the honey-
pot, then the egg cell, then the emergence of the adult, were shown.
The different forms of cell-making by several of the species observed,
and the most serious parasites were also shown. The speaker then
explained how experimental colonies are introduced in the field and
laboratory, and the apparatus used. It was evident that the speaker
was well acquainted with his subject, and that it must have taken a
number of years of study in order to secure the information and technic
which he possesses. — E. T. CRESSON, JR., Recorder.

OBITUARY.

Thanks to Dr. T. Tzabo-Patay of the Hungarian National
Museum, I have recently received the January-February. 1916.
number of Rorartani Lapok which includes an obituary notice
of our lamented SANDOR MOCSARV. For the sake of those
interested, to whom the facts are not accessible, I venture to
introduce the following free translation of the German sum-
mary published in the same place.

A. Mocsary. 1841-1915. — The highly meritorious Hymen-
opterologist, A. Mocsary, Abteilungsdirektor i. P. of the
Hungarian National Museum in Budapest, died suddenly
Dec. 26. 1915, after a protracted illness. He was the Nestor
of the Hungarian entomologists, a generally esteemed scholar,
whose death will be deeply mourned by his colleagues.
Apropos of his 40 year service jubilee, Roi'artani Lapok, Vol.
17, 1910, pp. 161-175. published a sketch of his life ami this
obituary refers back to that sketch. To complete, it remains
to be. noticed that Mocsary was born in Nagyvarad, Sept. 27,
1841, where he also pursued his studies. In 1870 he was
appointed as assistant in the National Museum, to which insti-
tution he belonged for 44 years as an energetic official. The
first of lune. 1915, he entered on his well-earned retirement;
still he could not long enjoy this as his stomach trouble re-
curred and caused him to take to his sick bed. The burial
took place December 28. On this occasion Dr. G. Iforvath.
representing the National Museum and the I 'nganselie
Akademie der Wissenschaften, and J. Jablonowski, the Ung.

158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May. '22

Entomologischen Gesellschaft, took their leave of the deceased
in nobly held funeral orations.

So much for the translation. I may add that Mocsary's
bibliography comprises 178 titles, mostly devoted to Hymen-
optera, especially Chrysidoidea. His contributions to science
cover approximately 2594 pages. — H. L. VIERECK.

Among those who have contributed to entomology, whose
deaths have not hitherto been noted in the NEWS, is Dr. ERNEST
ROUSSEAU, who died November 13, 1920. Two notices of his
life and work have appeared, both by M. J.-A. Lestage, one
in the Bulletin dc la Socictc Entomologique dc Bclglquc (tome
III, pp. 35-41, with a portrait), the later and longer in the
Annalcs dc Biologic Lacustrc (tome X. pp. 261-283). Both
are accompanied by the same list of his biological writings.

He was born at Ixelles, Belgium, May 27, 1872, his father
professor of physics at the University of Brussels, his mother.
born Hannon, a botanist. "Eleve dans un milieu si hautement
scientifique." says his biographer, "Rousseau devait fatalement
venir a la science; en effet, il lui consacra toute sa vie." While
a medical student in Brussels, he joined the Entomological
Society there and published on Carabidae and Malacoderms of
Belgium. Eor some years his zoological activities were turned
to sponges and to insect histology, then again to the Carabidae,
when he contributed to Wytsman's (rcncra Insectorutn. In
1906 the Museum of Natural History at Brussels placed him
in charge of those limnological studies for which he is best
known. In pursuance of these he established a fresh-water
biological laboratory at the Lake of Overmeire and a new jour
nal, the Annalcs de Biologic Lacustrc. which has reached its
tenth volume. Of the 57 papers (some unpublished) listed in
his bibliography, 1 deals with Hydrachnids, 3 with insect his-
tology and anatomy, 6 with Odonate larvae, 14 with adult
Coleoptera, 2 with larvae of Coleoptera, 2 with Diptera, 1 with
aquatic Hymenoptera. At the time of his death he had two
works in preparation, one on La l'>i<<lo</ic dcs cau.r donees tor
the Encyclopedic Scientifique of Doin et fils, Paris, the other
Les Larvcs aquatiqucs dcs Inscctcs d'Europe, in collaboration
with J.-A. Lestage and H. Schouteden. The first volume of

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159

the latter has appeared since his death, consisting of 987 page^
and 343 figures, and deals with the aquatic larvae of the Hem-
iptera, Odonata, Ephetnerida. Plecoptera, Megaloptera. Plan-
nipennia and Trichoptera. According to a note on page 32 of
the Bulletin quoted, the second volume will treat of the L.epi-
doptera, Coleoptera. Diptcra and technique.

His biographer, writing of him as an intimate friend, de-
clares him to have been a man thoroughly good, generous,
enthusiastic over his work, who irresistibly attracted the sym-
pathies of all. — P. P. CAIAT.RT.

The daily newspapers announced the death of Sir PATRICK
MANSON, in London, April 8, 1922. fie rendered two import-
ant services in ascertaining the mode of transmission of human
diseases. The first was in 1878, when he discovered the man-
ner of carriage of Filaria from man to man by mosquitoes.*
thus, as Howard. Dyar and Knab state, becoming "the dis-
coverer of the first recognized transfer of a disease organism
by mosquitoes." The second was when he "first clearly for-
mulated the hypothesis fof the role of carrier of malaria by
mosquitoes] t. and it was largely due to his suggestion that
Ross in Indian undertook to solve the problem" (Riley and
Johannsen) .

He was the son of fohn Manson. of Fingask, Aberdeen.
was born October 3, 1844, was educated as a physician,
and contributed to the literature of parasitology and tropical
medicine. He was a fellow of the Royal Society, an
honorary LL.D. of Aberdeen and of Hongkong, and an hon-
orary Sc.D. of Oxford. In recent years he lived at The
5iheiling, Clonbur, County Galway, Ireland.

His son, Dr. P. Thurburn Manson, was one of two who
offered to be bitten by malaria-infected mosquitoes from Rome,
in testing the malaria-mosquito theory, and who developed
characteristic malaria as a result. --P. P. CALVFKT.

*The development of I'ilaria sanaitinis hnniinis. Medical limes and
Gazette, London, II, p. 731, 1878. On the development of I<~ Ini-in
sani/iiinis hominis and on the mosquito considered as a nurse. Journ.
Linn. Soc. London, Zool., xiv, pp. 304-311, 1S7S.

tHypothesis as to the life history of the malarial parasite outside tin-
human hody. Lancet, London, 1896, ii, pp. 1715-1710.

160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '22

Dr. JOSEPH LANE HANCOCK, one of the leading American
authorities on Orthoptera, died of heart disease in Chicago,
March 12, 1922. Born in that city on April 12. 1864, it is said
that he "had attained almost equal distinction as a physician,
naturalist, landscape artist and as an author."

In the study of Orthoptera. Dr. Hancock specialized on the
Tettiginae (Acrydiinae) or "Grouse Locusts." His work on
this group was equal in volume to, if not more extensive than,
that of any other authority on the suhject. His scientific pub-
lications, begun in 1895, continued until 1918. when press of
work as a practicing physician forced him to abandon the
study.

His largest publications in chronological order, are : The
Tettiyidac of North America, The Tcttigidae of Ceylon, a
series of Studies of the Tefriginac in the Oxford University
Museum and Indian Tetriginae. His collection of Acrydiinae.
one of the largest in the world, has been kept in an exception-
ally good state of preservation, and now forms a portion of
the Hebard Collection, deposited at the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, having been acquired by purchase.

He was also the author of Nature Sketches in Temperate
America (Chicago, McClurg & Co., 1911), "a popular account
of insects birds and plants, treated from some aspects of their
evolution and ecological relations," the last chapter being an
"interpretation of environment as exemplified in the Orthop-
tera."

Dr. Hancock was at one time Curator of the Chicago Ento-
mological Society and Editor of its Occasional Memoirs. He
was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science and of the Entomological Society of London.

Always kind and liberal in co-operation with other students
of the Orthoptcra, it is our regret that we knew Dr. Hancock
only through infrequent correspondence. — MORGAN HEBARD.

Correction.

Insert the word "catalogs" after "manuscript," page 118, 4th line from
the bottom.

ORNITHOPTERA ALEXANDRAE.

Fine perfect specimens of this grand rare species are offered ; also O.
chimaera — Zelotypia staceyi, superb rarity — many others. Largest stock of
exotic Coleoptera, rarities and unnamed series. Also the most important
books on Entomology in stock.

Janson & Sons, Naturalists & Booksellers 44, Great Russell St., London, W.C. I.

CA1 17 A large collection of butterflies — Papilios

ft^Tl^flbft^^HJ

only — from all parts of the world. All
mounted and classified in three large cabinets.

C. F. GROTri

14 Poplar Place, New Rochelle, N. Y,

PUBLICATIONS ISSUED BY THE
IMPERIAL BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.

THE BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Published quarterly. Containing original articles on Economic Entomology (illustrated ). Ann-
ual Subscription in advance for Vol. xiii ( 1922), 155. post free ; separate parts 55. each, pest
free. Prices of back parts on application.

THE REVIEW OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY

Published monthly. Containing reviews of current works on Economic Entomology throughout
the world. Published in two series, "A" dealing with insect pests of cultivated plants, and
"B'1 dealing with insects conveying disease or otherwise injurious to man and animals
Annual Subscription in advance for Vol. x ( 1922), Series "A" izs.; Series "B" 6s. post fret .
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The Entomologist s Monthly Magazine. — A journal devoted
to general Entomology, started in 1864, and now edited by G. C.
Cbampion.J. E. Collin, W. W. Fowler, R. W. Lloyd, G. T. Porritt
and J. J. Walker.

It contains descriptions of new genera and species in all orders
(British and foreign) , life histories, reviews of new works, etc. Vol.
LVIII (VIII of the 3d Series) was commenced in January, 1922
The subscription for the 12 numbers is 15 shillings per annum, post
free, to be sent to R. W. Lloyd, I, 5, Albany, Piccadilly, London,
W. , England. For terms for advertisements apply to him also.

NEW ARRIVALS

From Colombia, South America:
OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING

Morpho cypris Morpho amathonte

sulkowskyi Caligo spp.

From Cuba:
1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING

Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali

andraemon Erinyis guttalaris

celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.

" devilliersi

From Venezuela :

Over 5000 Lepidoptera

200 Dynastes Hercules

From New Guinea

2000 Coleoptera
200 Orthoptera

From Assam, India:

1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDINC
Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis

philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi

And Many Other Showy Species

From Tibet (Bhutan) :
Arrnandia Hdderdalii Parnassius hardwicki

. CATALOGUES OF

ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS
ON APPLICATION

If interested kindly send your list
of desiderata for further information to

THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA

Department of Natural Science New York

G. Lagai, Ph.D. 56-58 West 23d Street

JUNE, 1922

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXIII No. 6

CHARLES ALFRED BLAKE
1834-1903

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.

E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. REHN,

PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
Logan Square

Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1103,

Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

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SPECIAL NOTICE TO AUTHORS

Owing to increased cost of labor and materials, no illustrations will
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of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of these rates.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXIII JUNEL_1922 No. (i

CONTENTS

Fall— Notes on Clivina, with Descrip-
tion of a New Species from the
Pacific Coast ( Col., Carabidae). ... 161

Cliamberlin — A new Milliped of the

Rosewall— Insects of the Yellow Thistle
( Hem., Col., Lepid., Dip., Hvm.). 176

Weiss and West — Notes on ihe Desmo-
dium Leaf Miner, Pachyschelus lae-

Genus Polyxenus from the Florida vigatus (Say) (Col.: Buprestidae) 180

Keys 165 ; Nakahara — On Anomalit-s in Wing

Felt — A new Gall Midge on Rushes
(Dipt., Cecidomyiidae) 166

Holland — A few Notes on Distribution
(Lepid., Orth., Blattidae) 168

Cabrera — Observations on Dibelona cu-
bensis Brunner.a liitle-knownCuban
Gryllacrid (Orth., Tettigoniidae).. 169

Hough— Observations on Two Mealy
Bugs. Trionymustrifolii Forbes and
Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh.
(Horn., Coccidae) 171

Markings of Basilarchia astyanax

Kab. ( Lepid., Rhop.: Nymphalidae) 183
Editorial— Collect Data First, Speci-

mens Second ...................... 185

The University of Michigan-William-

son Expedition to Brazil ........... 186

A Request for Exchanges with Russia. 186
Entomological Literature .............. 187

Doings of Societies — The American En-

tomological Society

Notes on Clivina, with Description of a New Species
from the Pacific Coast (Col., Carabidae).

By H. C. FALL, Tyngsboro, Massachusetts.

In rearranging parts of my collection to conform to the
order in the new list, it became necessary to transfer my Cli-
vinae to a new box. In so doing the species were examined
somewhat critically, and certain errors in the last published
table (by LeConte) were noted, to which it may be well to
call attention.

The genus Clii'ina, fortunately perhaps, has long escaped
the attention of systematists, and except for the placing of
collaris Hbst. as a synonym of fossor L., the species stand in
the Leng List just as left by Dr. LeConte in the table pre-
pared with others for the Brooklyn Bulletin in 1879. As for
collaris and fossor, these two introduced forms, though closely
allied are now considered distinct by the best European author-
ities and are so recorded in the latest European Check List.
Ganglbauer, in his Co1cof->tcni mn Mittclcuropa, gives the dis-
tinguishing characters, of which the rufous c-lytra with black
suture in collnris is an all-sufficient criterion. I'ossor is not
so colored, the elytra being of nearly uniform tint, usually

161

162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June. '22

piceous, but varying to rufous. I have seen numerous exam-
ples of collaris from Massachusetts, and a few of fossor from
Montreal.

Briefly, the errors in the LeConte table are these — collaris
(and also fossor} has a spur near the outer tip of the middle
tibia and should therefore have been tabulated with the species
possessing that character. Striatopunctata has the clypeal out-
line as well as the other characters of fcrrca, convc.va, etc.,
and should be included in the same group with them. Rnfa
should stand between amcricana and month. It is interme-
diate in size between these two, and differs in no way except
color from black examples of like size which may be placed
either with amcricana or month, according to personal judg-
ment or caprice. Tt is highly probable that month, ntfa, amcri-
cana and cordata represent nothing more than size and color
variations of a single species.

Of the characters used by LeConte in the table referred to,
that of the spur near the outer tip of the middle tibia is of im-
portance and is correctly used except in the case of collaris
alluded to above. The meaning of the next leading character
used in the table— -"clypeus with lateral lobes" or "clypeus
rounded at sides"-— is not quite so easily interpreted. There
are in reality three types of clypeal outline. In the first, rep-
resented by dentipcs alone, the clypeus is bi-emarginate or
bilobed at sides. In the species impressifrons to cordata inclu-
sive the sides of the clypeus are uni emarginate, the posterior
convex outline defining the lateral lobe. In the remaining
species the structure differs from the preceding in that the
anterior margin is but slightly advanced, leaving a very small
notch or emargination at the angles, the lateral lobe thus occu-
pying almost the entire side of the clypeus.

Certain other characters, not mentioned or only vaguely
alluded to by LeConte, are so definite and simple in their appli-
cation as to make them well worthy of consideration. Classified
according to the dorsal setigerous punctures of the elytra the
species separate as follows :

Elytra with five dorsal punctures . . dcnfipes

Elytra with four dorsal punctures imt>rcssifnnis to cordata

Elytra with two dorsal punctures striatopunctata to

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163

Or, the species may be grouped with equal definiteness by
the anal ventral setigerous punctures. There are always four
such punctures (two each side) regardless of sex, arranged as
follows :

Intermediate anal punctures mutually twice as distant as from the
lateral ones dcntipes

Anal punctures very nearly equally spaced. ... impressifrons to fossor

Intermediate anal punctures widely distant and close to the lateral
ones rnfa to cordata

Intermediate anal punctures close together at the middle of the apical
margin striatopunctata to stic/inulu

The last group— beginning with striatopunctata — is again
sharply delimited by a character of such importance that the
failure of LeConte to mention it is difficult to explain. The
lateral marginal line of the thorax here fails to attain the true
base, but turning inward forms a pseudobasal margin at the
summit of an abrupt declivity very much as in certain genera
of Anthribidae.

I would then divide our species of Clh'ina into four groups,
giving each the name of its best known representative, as fol-
lows :

DENTIPES GROUP. — Middle tibia with subapical external spur ; clypeus
bi-emarginate at sides ; front thighs acutely dentate beneath apically :
elytra 5-punctate ; intermediate anal setae twice as distant from each
other as from the outer setae. Represented by dcntipes only.

IMPRF.SSIFRONS GROUP. — Middle tibia with subapical external spur;
clypeus uni-emarginate at sides ; elytra 4-punctate ; intermediate anal
setae approximate to the lateral ones. Includes impressifrons, tcxana,
planicollis, pia'Ctulata, punctiticra. rubicunda, pallida, collaris, fossor.

Of these, collaris and fossor may be recognized by their
color : pallida by having the ventral surface in great part pol-
ished (reticulato-alutaceous in all others) ; rubicunda by the
very thick frnnt thighs, which are convex both above and be-
neath and rather deeply sinuate apically beneath, also by the
presence of diverging raised lines at the middle of the first ven-
tral segment, these being otherwise present only in the aincn-
cana group. The remaining species are closely allied and diffi-
cult to distinguish, and it is rather probable that tr.vaiuis does
not differ specifically from planicollis.

164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '22

AMERICANA GROUP. — Middle tibia without subapical external spur ;
clypeus uni-emarginate at sides ; elytra 4-punctate ; intermediate anal
setae approximate and distant from the lateral ones ; first ventral seg-
ment with diverging raised lines at middle. Includes analis, amcricana,
tufa, morula and cordata.

Analis is not known to me ; the remaining forms are appar-
ently identical in all respects except color and size and may be
varieties of a single species.

BIPUSTULATA GROUP. — Middle tibia without subapical spur; clypeus
rounded at sides almost throughout ; prothorax with pseudobasal mar-
ginal line continuing the side margins which do not attain the extreme,
base ; elytra 2-punctate ; intermediate anal setae approximate. Includes
stnatopunctata, fcrrca, conrc.ra, bipustitlata, marginipennis, fostica,
stigmula.

Putzey's species are practically unknown to us. They may
perhaps be recognized by LeConte's table, but I suspect will in
part prove not to be valid.

The following species in my collection is undescribed :

C. oregona new species.

Similar in form, size and general characters to punctulata, from
which it differs as follows: The color is dark reddish brown to
piceous brown, the prothoracic punctuation sparse, and so fine as to be
barely perceptible; mentum strongly longitudinally carinate, the trans-
verse posterior tumidity rectilinear; basal joint of protarsus without
external dentiform prominence. In punctulata the color is bright red
brown, prothorax distinctly punctulate, longitudinal carina of mentum
feeble, the posterior transverse tumidity Insinuate behind, basal joint
of protarsus with an external dentiform angulation.

Six examples of oregona are before me, the length varying
from 4.8 to 5.5 mm. The t\pc is from Corvallis. Oregon.
Other examples are from Seattle, Wash. (Prof. O. B. John-
son). All in my collection.

The dentiform angulation on the outer side of the basal
protarsal joint is a quite persistent feature peculiar to the spe-
cies of the iinpressifrons group ; its absence in orcyoua is there-
fore notable. Oregona may probably be safely determined by
its locality label; the Calif ornian punctulata is the only other
species known from the Pacific Coast region and is rare at
that.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165

A New Milliped of the Genus Polyxenus from the

Florida Keys.

By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
In January, 1919, Dr. Paul Bartsch took a Poly.vcnus either
emerging from or taking refuge in the breathing pore of a
Cerion on the Tortugas. Florida. The specimen apparently
represents a new species which is here described.

Polyxenus bartschi, sp. nov.

The type specimen is not fully adult, being in the stage pos-
sessing eight pairs of fascicles of lateral setae. It is in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

The dorsum is marked with a hroad longitudinal stripe along each
side and a narrow median pale stripe. Setae of caudal pencil white as
usual.

The eight articles of the antennae present and apparently fully devel-
oped; the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth articles respec-
tively .04, .058, .05, .1, .05 and .02 mm. long, with the corresponding
widths being .046, .05, .05, .058, .05 and .03 mm. The precise number of
ocelli in the patch on each side of head was not determined because of
the obscuring pigment.

The major and more numerous setae of the head are relatively slender
and flexible with the teeth long, slender and numerous, subdensely
appressed ; the naked terminal lobe distally a little rounded. There
are fewer short scales which are only four times, or less, as long as
thick and are half or less the length of the long setae; their teeth are
coarser and fewer in number.

The setae of the lateral fascicles are similar to the major ones of
the head, hut are mostly less flexible and with the lateral teeth usually
fewer.

The setae across the tergitcs are in general similar to the shorter
setae or scales of the head ; mostly with seven or eight teeth in each
lateral series, the terminal lobe with distal margin convex; mostly
between four and five times longer than wide.

In the caudal pencils there are two principal types of setae. There
arc, firstly, the mostly peripheral setae very similar to those of the lateral
fascicles excepting for their greater length. The greater portion of
the pencils, however, is composed of much finer setae of \arying length
which have subspatulate distal ends which are usually a little Ix-nt.
X'one of the characteristic hooked setae, such as occur in /'. liuinnis
and /'. fiisciciilutus. are present.

Length, without caudal pencil. 2 mm. Length of caudal pencil, .66
mm. Length of maximum setae of head, .2 mm.; of setae m' anterior
paired fascicles, .23 mm.; of posterior paired fascicles, .28 mm.; of the
dorsal setae or scales up to about .1 mm.

166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '22

A New Gall Midge on Rushes (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae).

By E. P. FELT, Albany, New York.

Very little is known of the host relations existing between
gall midges and rushes, though the writer found a midge larva
in the deformed fruit of a rush some years ago, but was unable
to obtain the adult. The record given below is the first Amer-
ican species reared from Jinicits. It is interesting to note that
Houard in his monograph on The Plant Galls of Europe fails
to list even one species from the Juncaceae. He records a
number of species as having been reared from the Cyperaceae
and in our tabulation of American species,1 it will be noted that
several species (4) have been obtained from plants in this
family, while 33 have been reared from the grasses, Gramineae.
The fauna of the last named is by no means thoroughly worked
up and the probabilities are that careful collecting and rearing
would result in material additions to our sedge-inhabiting forms
and very likely some increase in the number of species occur-
ring in rushes.

Procystiphora junci n. sp.

A series of these interesting midges was forwarded by Mr.
W. H. Larrimer. West Lafayette, Indiana, accompanied by
the statement that they resemble somewhat the Hessian Fly, as
to appearance, the effect on the host plant and the two genera-
tions annually occurring at about the same time as in the case
of this wheat pest. The specimens were labeled, "reared from
Jnncits dudlcyi, Centralia, 111., October 6, 1921, W. 1'.. Cart-
wright, Collector, Centralia, No. 2111."

In spite of the general resemblance of these midges to the
Hessian Fly, there is a striking chitinization and infuscation
of the basal segments of the ovipositor, likewise apparent in
the type of the genus, namely P. coloradcnsis Felt. The above
food habit record tends to confirm the opinion of Prof. Cock-
erell to the effect that the host plant of the type of this genus
is Carc.r. It would not be surprising if both species had a
somewhat similar effect upon the host plant.

$. — Length 2 mm. Antennae (possibly of this sex, though not cer-
1 1918, N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 200, p. 216.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167

tainly), about three-fourths the length of the body, sparsely haired, dark
brown ; sixteen and possibly eighteen segments, the fifth with a stem
about three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement, the latter with
a length about twice its diameter, and a sparse subbasal whorl of short,
stout setae, and a median whorl of much longer, curved setae; terminal
segment compound, produced, with a length over three times its diam-
eter, a distinct constriction near the distal third and a short, broadly
triangular process apically. Palpi : first segment short, irregularly
quadrate, the second smaller than the first, the third a little longer than
llu- second, somewhat swollen distally, and the fourth one-half longer
than the third, more slender.

Mesonotum dark brown, the sub-median lines sparsely haired ; scu-
tellum and postscutellum dark brown, sparsely haired, reddish brown;
the distal segments distinctly swollen: genitalia dark brown; wings
hyaline, sub-costa uniting with the margin at the basal half, the third
vein just before the apex of the wing, the fifth at the basal third, its
branch near the basal half; halteres reddish brown, pale yellow basally ;
legs a nearly uniform dark brown ; claws moderately long, slender,
strongly curved, minutely unidentate ; the pulvilli nearly as long as the
claws.

Genitalia : basal clasp segment moderately long, stout ; terminal clasp
segment as long as the basal clasp segment, rather stout ; dorsal plate
long, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded ;
ventral plate rather long, somewhat deeply and narrowly emarginate,
the lobes broadly rounded ; style rather long, stout, narrowly rounded

apically.

$ . — Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen,
sparsely haired, very dark brown; 17 subsessile segments, the fifth with
a length nearly twice its diameter, the subbasal whorl of setae rather
short, weak ; the suhapical whorl somewhat long ; terminal segment pro-
duced, with a length about four times its diameter and terminating in
a somewhat slender, irregular apex. Palpi: first segment short, irregu-
lar, the second quadrate, with a length about one-half greater than its
width, the third nearh twice the length of the second, more slender,
distinctly enlarged apically, the fourth twice the length of the second
and more slender.

Mr onotum very dark brown: scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen
dark reddish brown, the last almost black at its extremity (really the
basal segment of the ovipositor), the tip of the ovipositor honey yellow;
uings hyaline; c<>sta dark brown, the third vein uniting with the margin
a little before the apex of the wing, the fifth at the basal fourth, its
branch near the basal half; halteres reddisli brown, yellowish basally
and apically; leu- a nearly uniform dark brown; the claws rather long,
moderately heavy, strongly curved, finely though distinctly unidentate;
the pulvilli as long as the clawv

Ovipositor when extended probably about as long as the abdomen, the

168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | June. '22

basal segment apparently rather heavily chitinized and distinctly infus-
rated, the seventh abdominal segment with irregular fuscous, mesal
thickenings dorsally and ventrally, the posterior margins of these dis-
tinctly produced laterally.

Type Cecid. A. 3209, N. Y. State Museum.

Described from a series of females and one broken male.

A few Notes on Distribution (Lepid. ; Orth., Blattidae).

By W. J. HOLLAND, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh,

Pennsylvania.

As the author of a couple of manuals, which have had wide
circulation, I am in constant receipt of letters from all over
the country informing me of the discovery of insects at places
beyond the limits of distribution given in The Butterfly Book
and The ]\loth Book. Some of these notes made by corre-
spondents are of interest. I regret that in past years I have
not always preserved them and cannot, therefore, refer to them
at this moment. It has occurred to me, however, that it might
be worth while to mention a few of those, which during the
past twelve months have been brought to my attention, and
which I find upon my desk.

RHOPALOCERA.

Euptoieta Claudia (Cramer) has been reported to me as found in
Minnesota, the Dakotas and Alberta.

Argynnis idalia (Drury) was formerly regarded as a rarity in the
vicinity of Pittsburgh. The species has been taken rather commonly
in recent years in Allegheny and Washington Counties, in south-
western Pennsylvania.

Vanessa j-album Boisduval and LeConte. This insect has recently
been found quite abundantly in western Pennsylvania in the vicinity
of Pittsburgh.

Junonia coenia Hiibner. This species is reported, to me as occur-
ring as far north as Minnesota and Dakota.

Charis borealis (Grote & Robinson). This insect has been taken
abundantly in the vicinity of Columbus, Ohio. It has never been
taken, so far as I know, in western Pennsylvania in the same lati-
tude as Columbus, which is rather remarkable.

Nathalis iole Boisduval. This species ranges as far north as
Davenport, Iowa.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 169

HETEROCERA.

Erebus odora (Linnaeus). The capture of specimens of this spe-
cies has been reported to me from Boston, Mass.; Toronto, Ontario;
Central Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Alberta.

Thysania zenobia (Cramer). The capture of this moth has been
reported to me recently from McPherson, Kansas.

It is possible that the presence of these moths in northern
localities, far removed from their southern metropolis, may in
part be accounted for by transfer by railroads. The moths,
hiding in freight cars beginning their run in southern Texas
and Florida, may be carried far north, and then, escaping, be
captured. I have an Ercbits odora taken at Leadville, Colorado,
on July 4, in a snowstorm. It was sent me years ago by one
of my correspondents.

ORTHOPTERA.

Panchlora cubensis Saussure. The Green Cuban Roach has been
recorded from Indiana, Massachusetts, Vermont, Florida, and Texas.
It is well established at Brownsville, Texas. It has been reported
from Philadelphia (Rehn, Hebard) and Pittsburgh (Riky). It
appears to have been introduced with bananas and other tropical
fruit. My cook brought me a specimen the other day found to her
horror in the kitchen. It probably found its way into the house from
a fruit-store. This is the second record for Pittsburgh. The speci-
men was promptly consigned to a cyanide bottle. It is unlikely that
this species will become established in this locality.

Observations on Dibelona cubensis Brunner, a little-
known Cuban Gryllacrid (Orth., Tettigoniidae).

By JOSE CABRERA, Cotorro, Cuba.

The first time I found Dibcltuia cubensis was eight years
ago, in Camoa, Havana Province. It was a very young speci-
men hidden under a leaf fastened to a palm tree trunk. Later
in opening some leaves fastened together, and which 1 believed
contained a chrysalid, I was surprised to find a cricket-like
insect in them. T remembered at once what Dr. Gundlacli said
in his work on Cuban ( )rthoptera. about a locustid he found
under leaves fastened to tree trunks in Yateras, < )riental De-
partment of the island.

The specimens found by me were young, so 1 kept searching
for a while and found, in a hollow twig, a fully mature female.

170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '22

This I brought home, and put it in a glass jar with some leaves
and fruit. Next day it appeared neatly enclosed in three leaves
it had united. Then I knew I had Dibdona cnbcnsis I'runner,
a very rare species with this curious habit.

Sometimes the species is found a foot from the ground, at
others high up in tall trees. It is very voracious, as once one
of them ate a young Haplopns cnbcnsis Saussure and a Dcllia
insulana Stal, which I had in the same jar with it. Sometimes
the insect stayed enclosed in its house as long as six to seven
days, but when disturbed it would move continuously up and
down in the jar, jumping from side to side, and not falling to
the bottom. Most of the young specimens I kept died during
the moults.

A mature specimen, found September 11, 1921, gave me
opportunity for these notes. In making its house it began In-
cutting the leaf to the required size, from the margin to the
stem. The leaf was too long and the insect did not use two or
three leaves as others did. Then it stood on the uncut side of
the leaf, holding both sides of the leaf with the fore legs, by
means of the tarsal claws ; the holding is done from the center
of the leaf, not from the margin. When using two or three
leaves the insect stands on the stronger one. Then one sees it
act as if chewing something; it is making the mucilaginous
paste. After a few seconds the mouth is applied to the margin,
and a thread-like fluid is seen to issue therefrom. This thread
is attached to the opposite margin and the operation is con-
tinued, the labial palpi touching the threads and searching for
openings and weak spots in the weaving. These are covered
by forcing the leaf into position, where it is held by the threads.
The insect's head goes regularly to and fro, stopping a while
now and then to make more paste, then adjusting the margins
again until the work is finished. When the leaf cover is com-
pleted the insect's body (21 millimeters long) is hidden, but
not its antennae, which are very long (110 to 115 millimeters).
By turning two or three times around inside the house, the
antennae are rolled around its body.

Dibdona has an enemy, a hymenopterous parasite of the
Microgastrine group, the larva of which feeds upon its body.
With so many precautions jt is often a victim of a tiny an-
tagonist

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171

Observations on Two Mealy Bugs, Trionymus trifolii

Forbes and Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh.

(Horn., Coccidae).

By W. S. HOUGH, State Crop Pest Commission, Winchester,

Virginia.

There was a time not long- since when all mealy bugs were
thought to he restricted feeders, that is, each species was
thought to be limited to a single host plant or at most to very-
few. Likewise, a single host plant harbored but one species.
With this belief prevalent it is quite natural that when different
mealy bugs were found on the same host they were considered
different forms of the same species. As a result, cases of sea-
sonal forms or seasonal dimorphism appeared in literature
from time to time and were not openly questioned until Ferris
(1918 a & b) presented evidence that probably all such cases
involved two or more species. The history and literature of
several typical cases is reviewed by Ferris in the articles re-
ferred to.

The first case of seasonal dimorphism was established by
Davis (1894) in connection with his observations on the clover
root mealy bug (Trionymus trifolii. Forbes). He observed a
"winter form" which was an "oval, plump, mealy, egg-like
object" and a "summer form" having "white waxy filaments
which project out from the body." Both of these "forms"
were studied by the writer at Columbus, Ohio, and were kept
under observation from October, 1920. until June, 1921. A
summary of the information obtained follows. The study was
made under the direction of Dr. Herbert Osborn. (i. F. Fer-
ris, of Stanford University, and Harold Morrison, of the
Bureau of Entomology, examined specimens of Pscitciococcns
maritimus Ehrh., the so-called "summer form." The ants
were identified by Dr. W. M. Wheeler.

Trionymus trifolii Forbes.

In life the adults vary from 2 mm. to 3 mm. in length, are oval,
plump, and when viewed laterally appear somewhat cylindrical. Tin-
flesh-colored body is covered 1>y a white wax powder. There is but
a single pair of white caudal tassels which usually vary from one-eighth
to one-fifth of the length of the ho<ly. TlitM' tassels are frequently

172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '22

curled and lie so close to the body as to be easily overlooked. The short
antennae are inconspicuous, about .15 mm. long, seven-segmented and
straw-yellow in color. The legs are very short and straw-colored.
Although the adults are sluggish the young are active and move
from one part of the plant to another. At birth the young are .4 mm.
long, a bright pale yellow, flat rather than plump and cylindrical, have
six-segmented antennae and legs which in proportion to the body are
much more conspicuous than the legs of the adult.

Adult specimens were placed on the roots of small clover
plants which had been transplanted into straight-edged vials.
A single specimen was placed in each vial and the vial wrapped
with black paper. Water was introduced from one to three
times daily as the needs of the plant required. Eight adults
brought from a clover field on February 14 began giving birth
to young one month later, March 12 to 15. The total number
of young produced was recorded daily for two individuals,
one produced 131 larvae in 23 days and the other 162 larvae in
17 days. The other six adults gave birth to young over a
period averaging 17.8 days and all died within three or four
days after the last young appeared.

Within a short time, a few hours to a day, after birth the
young left the flimsy cottony mass beneath the body of the
mother and migrated to the stems and leaves where feeding
began. About one week (20 individuals averaged 7.7 days)
later the first molt occurred and within another week (28 indi-
viduals averaged 6.8 days) the second molt occurred, after
which most of the larvae migrated down to the upper roots,
on the crown and beneath the bracts around the base of the
stems. Because of this migration it was with difficulty that
only four individuals were followed through the third larval
stage which averaged 12.2 days. These were kept under obser-
vation for five weeks after the third molt, when the writer left
Columbus. During this time they had assumed the appearance
of adults except for reduced size, being only 1.7 mm. long.
Overwintering adults were from 2 mm. to 2.5 mm. in length
and before young were produced in the spring the average
length was increased to 3 mm. No males were observed.

In October adults, but no young, were common on the roots
of clover two years old or older. They were always asso-

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173

dated with the brown garden ant (I.asius ni</cr Linn. var.
americouns Emery) wliich had mined tunnels along all of the
roots on which the mealy bugs were feeding. December 13
was the last fall date when any were found on the roots, and
not until early in March did they again appear on the roots.
By the last of March they were easily found within an inch
of the surface and during the first week in May they began to
produce young, which within a few hours' time deserted the
subterranean life to pass the first larval stage, and in some
cases the second larval stage, on the stems and leaves. Con-
tinual search throughout the winter revealed the fact that all
of the adults had been collected by the ants and placed in spe-
cially constructed chambers from 10 inches to 12 inches below
the surface. As spring approached the ants replaced them on
the roots, bringing them nearer the surface as the weather be-
came warmer. Not only did the ants extend their numerous
tunnels along the roots of clover but sometimes included in
their tunnel system the roots of dandelion, plantain and blue
grass, on all of which the mealy bugs were found feeding.
Mr. P. R. Lowery informs me he found this same species on
sunflower roots.

In order to more closely observe the relationship existing
between the ants and the mealy bugs three ant colonies, whose
nests were about the roots of clover, were transferred to the
insectary. The plants in two of the nests were then killed by
keeping them very closely clipped. In both instances the ants
tunneled to the living roots of surrounding clover plants, which
were not less than eight inches away, and transferred their
mealy bugs to the living roots. At the same time ten mealy
bugs were placed on the roots of a living clover plant, which
was then kept closely clipped. Although this dying plant was
entirely surrounded by living plants not over eight inches away,
all of the mealy bugs died with the dying plant. \ repetition
of this gave the same result and in both tests nothing but loose
earth was between the living and dying rooN. The mealy bui^
have never been found unattended by ants and it seems they
have ceased foraging for themselves. ( )n the other hand, the
ants depend on the profuse honey dew as one of their chief
foods.

174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '22

Honey dew is produced freely. After the third molt it was
necessary to remove the colorless liquor daily from the speci-
mens which had been placed in vials. Some of the adults from
which the honey dew was not removed finally perished in the
viscous mass.

Certain factors as humidity and temperature no doubt deter-
mine the movements of the ants with their mealy bugs. One
cloudy morning in November the ants in the third nest, which
had been transferred from a clover field several weeks before,
moved their 24 mealy bugs over a surface path from the nest
in a flower pot to a newly constructed tunnel in a bean bed two
feet away. After watching this transfer a careful examina-
tion of the new tunnel revealed all of the mealy bugs stored in
three cells. Three days later the sun was shining and the ants
carrying their mealy bugs returned over the same path to the
clover roots in the flower pot. Both movements took place at
8 A. M.

Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh.

At various times during the fall months and frequently dur-
ing the spring months the "flat" mealy bug with lateral "fila-
ments which project out from the body" was found associated
with the clover root mealy bug. As already stated, this "sum-
mer form" proved to be none other than the Baker mealy bug
(Pseudococcus I'lai'itiiiuts Ehrh.) which Ferris has reported
from the Pacific coast (1918). New York (1918), Florida
(1919). England (1919) and Lower California (1921).

During the progress of this study in Ohio it was taken from
sycamore, elder, osage orange and the roots of clover and in
Virginia it has since been found ovipositing on the green bark
of apple trees. On two occasions it was ovipositing in the stem
end of apples. Mr. P. R. T.owerv, who has collected mealy
bugs in Ohio for several years, informs me that he has collected
it from the following additional hosts: Flowering dogwood,
roots of goldenrod, hackberry, hazelnut. hickory, maple. Rho-
dodendron maximum and wild cherry. In the botanical green-
house at Ohio State University it ranks second to Psendococcns
citri Risso as a mealy bug pest. Tn this greenhouse it was
found on 26 different host plants. The common name, "omni-

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175

vorous mealy bug," which was once aplly applied to this insect,
is not a misnomer. It is now recorded from 80 hosts and the
list is far from complete. In the Shenandoah valley of Vir-
ginia it far outnumbers the clover root mealy bug on the roots
of clover, but in central Ohio the latter was more abundant.

In life this species is very easily distinguished from the clover root
mealy bug. The adults vary from 2 mm. to 6 mm. in length, width
approximately half the body length, elongate oval when viewed dorsally
and somewhat flattened from a lateral view. The reddish -brown body
is covered with a white wax powder and around the body margin are
17 pairs of lateral tassels or filaments, which increase in length toward
the posterior end, the caudal pair being from one-half to two-thirds as
long as the body. The eight-segmented antennae are about one-fifth as
long as the body and similar in color. The legs are slightly lighter.

Immature forms have the general appearance of the adults. First
and second stage larvae have six-segmented antennae and larvae of the
third stage have seven-segmented antennae. The caudal tassels make
their appearance in the first larval stage and late in the second stage are
nearly as long as those of the adult. Except for reduced size third
stage larvae are similar to the adults.

The males are minute winged forms, 1.3 mm. in length, with ?
white pair of caudal tassels equal to two-thirds the length of the body
They are active fliers, without functional mouthparts, and live for a
few days only.

Since the life history has been studied in California (Clausen,
1915) a brief summary of observations made under Ohio con-
ditions is given here. Specimens and eggs transferred from
sycamore to clover were reared on the latter in the insectarv,
where the temperature fluctuated from 45 degrees to 90 degrees
Fahrenheit. The complete life cycle from egg to egg averaged
85.5 days for six individuals. As spring approached this time
was shortened. Winter was passed in every stage of develop-
ment. As cold weather approached every stage of development
was retarded, the immature forms and adults alike became very
sluggish and inactive. None were ever found stored in ant
nests. Kggs collected on December 1 and kept in a shaded
place outdoors did not hatch until the middle of March.

Although found associated with the clover root mealy bug
on the roots of clover, the ants rarely carried this species about.
\Yhcn a colony was disturbed the ants lust no time in carrying
the clover root mealy bug to a place of safety, but the Baker

176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '22

mealy bug was usually left to shift fur itself. The latter does
not produce honey dew as profusely as the former.

When disturbed or handled rather roughly both species would
eject from one to four dorsal globules over the location of the
dorsal ostioles. When the ants touched these liquid globules
they were invariably repelled while at the same time the anal
secretion of honey dew was always eagerly accepted. As a
rule honey dew was ejected in response to a gentle stroke of a
stiff hair or' needle, but when the treatment became too severe
the dorsal globules were suddenly ejected, the ostiole nearest ttvj
point of disturbance being the first to respond.

REFERENCES.
CLAUSEN, C. B. — 1915. The Mealy Bugs of Citrus Trees. Univ. of

Cal. Exp. Sta. Bull. 238, pp. 26-30.
D.wis, G. E.— 1804. Mealy Bugs and Their Allies. Insect Life 7:

171-173.
1804. Insects That Are Common But Xot Destructive. Mich.

Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 116, pp. 58-60.
FERRIS, G. F. — 1918. (a) The California Species of Mealy Bugs.

Stanford Univ. Publication, Univ. Series, pp. 48-40.
1918. (b) The Alleged Occurrence of a Seasonal Dimorphism in
the Females of Certain Species of Mealy Bugs. Entomological
News, 20:349-352.

1910. Observations on Some Mealy Bugs. Jour. Econ Ent. 12:293.

1921. Report of a Collection of Coccidae from Lower California.

Stanford Univ. Publication, Biological Sciences, 1. No. 2, p. 83.

Insects of the Yellow Thistle (Hem., Col., Lepid.,

Dip., Hym.).

By O. W. ROSEWALL, Louisiana State University.

Baton Rouge, La.

Practically throughout the entire state of Louisiana one can
find the plants of the Yellow Thistle (Caniitits spinosissiimis
Walt..) growing at some time during the year, and in the south-
ern part of the state the prickly green leaves may be found
during the whole year, except when heavy frosts destroy them.
In the spring, during the flowering season, the}- are very notice-
able, especially in pastures and along the roadside where they
stand as sentinels because the cattle have eaten the surrounding

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 177

vegetation. The following statements taken from I'.ritton and
Brown's Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada
give the technical description of the plant :

Biennial or perennial, somewhat wooly when young, but becoming1
glabrate ; stem branched, leafy. 2 ft. to 5 ft. high. Leaves green
both sides, lanceolate or oblong in outline, sessile and clasping or the
basal ones short-petioled and somewhat spatulate pinnatifid into tri-
angular or broader, spinulose-margined and prickle-tipped, entire or
dentate lobes ; heads involucrate by the upper leaves, 2 to 4 inches broad,
\1A to \l/2 inches high; bracts of the involucre narrowly lanceolate,
roughish and ciliate, long-acuminate, unarmed ; flowers pale yellow,
yellowish, or occasionally purple.

In moist or sandy soil, Maine to Pennsylvania, Florida and Texas.
Abundant along the edges of salt-meadows in New York and New
Jersey. May-August, or earlier in the South.

In Louisiana this plant is attractive to very few animals;
however, certain insects may be found feeding on or visiting
this plant. The collections of these insects* were made by the
author in the vicinity of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, including the
levee along the Mississippi River, and all dates in this paper

ai'e of the year 1920.

HEMIPTERA.

Acanthocephala declivis Say. (Coreidae.) Mar. 29. Several speci-
mens taken on leaves. May 4. Numerous.

Agallia constricta Van D. (Cicadellidae.) Mar. 29. Few.

Euschistus bifibulus P. B. (Pentatomidae.) Mar. 29. Common.

Euschistus ictericus L. Mar. 29. One specimen taken.

Euschistus servus Say. Alar. 28. Common. April 20. Numerous,
copulating. May 4 and 20. Common. Specimens practically
on every plant.

Euschistus tristigmus Say. Alar. 28. Two specimens.

Entylia concisa \Yalk. (Alembracidae.) Mar. 29. Common.

Leptoglossus phyllopus Linn. (Coreidae.) Alar. 28 and 29. Nu-
merous all over plants.

Myzus braggii Gillette. (Aphididae.) April 8. Some of the plants
almost covered with this aphid.

Nezara viridula L. (Pentatomidae.) Mar. 29. Few. April 8.
Common.

Phymata wolfii Stal. ( Phymatidae.) April 8. Occasional specimen-
found in (lowers.

Repipta taurus Fab. (Reduviidae.) April 20. One specimen.

* The author is indebted to the following for some identifications:
Dr. J. M. Aldrich, Dr. H. G. Dyar, W. L. McAtee, H. L. Viereck,

178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '22

COLEOPTERA.

Acmaeodera tubulus Fabr. (Buprestidac.) April 29. One speci-
men in flower.

Anthonomus suturalis Lee. (Curculionidae.) April 20. One speci-
men in flower.

Aphelogenia vittata Fab. (Carabidae.) Mar. 29. In axil of leaf.

Baris dicipula Csy. (Curculionidae.) Mar. 29. Few in axil of
leaves.

Bruchus obtectus Say. (Bruchidae.) Mar. 29. Single specimen
on leaf.

Calandra oryzae L. (Curculionidae.) April 8. Few in axil of leaves.

Chalcodermus aeneus Bob. (Curculionidae.) Mar. 29. One speci-
men in axil of leaf.

Chariessa pilosa Forst. (Lampyridae.) Mar. 29. Several speci-
mens on leaves.

Chauliognathus marginatus Fab. (Lampyridae.) Mar. 29. One or
two specimens on each plant. April 1. Very numerous and
copulating.

Coccinella sanguinea L. (Coccinellidae.) Mar. 28, Alay 4 and April
1. Occasionally seen on all plants and numerous on those in-
fested with aphids.

Diabrotica balteata Lee. (Chrysomelidae.) April 1. Few. Feed-
ing on leaves.

Diabrotica 12-punctata Oliv. Feb. 4. Two specimens feeding on
leaves. April 8. One or more specimens on every plant in-
spected.

Disonycha glabrata Fab. (ChrysomeHdae.) April 8. One speci-
men taken in axil of leaf.

Disonycha quinquevittata Say. April 1. One specimen on leaf.

Drasterius elegans Fab. (Elateridae.) Mar. 29. Few.

Euphoria sepulchralis Fab. (Scarabaeidae.) April 20. This beetle
is found in practically all mature flowers and occasionally two
or three specimens may be removed from one head. They bur-
row deep in the flowers.

Lebia marginicollis Dej. (Carabidae.) April 8. One specimen on

leaf.

Lebia viridis Say. April 8. One specimen on leaf.
Lema sayi Crotch. (Chrysomelidae.) April 8. One specimen in

axil of leaf.
Limonius auripilis Say. (Elateridae.) April 20. One specimen on

leaf.

Lina scripta Fab. (Chrysomelidae.) Mar. 29. Occasional speci-
mens found in axils of leaves.

Megilla maculata Dej. (Coccinellidae.) Mar. 28. Common.
Myochrous denticollis Say. (Chrysomelidae.) Mar. 29. Common
in axil of leaves.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179

Pyropyga decipiens Harr. (Lampyridae.) May 4. Several speci-
mens taken in flowers.
Statira gagatina Mels. (Lagriidae.) April '20. One specimen in

blossom.
Uloma mentalis Horn. (Tenebrioniclae.) Mar. 29. One specimen

on leaf.

LEPIDOPTERA.
Autographa biloba Stephens. (Noctuidae.) Caterpillar collected on

April 8 while feeding on the leaves. Reared in insectary and

moth emerged April 20.
Homoeosoma electellum Hulst. (Pyralidae.) Caterpillar collected

on May 21 while feeding in base of bud. Reared in insectary

and moth emerged June 2.
Phlyctaenia ferrugalis Hbn. (Pyralidae.) Caterpillar collected

April 8 while feeding on leaves. Reared in insectary and moth

emerged April 23.

DlPTERA.

Carphotricha culta Wd. (Trypetidae.) When present they may

be found resting on the various parts of the plant. April 8.

Common. May 17. Reared several adults from pupae which

had been taken from the interior of the base of the dried up

flowers.
Chrysops flavidus Wd. (Tabanidac.) April 30. One specimen

taken on flower.
Eutreta sparsa Wd. (Trypetidae.) May 21. Occasional specimens

on flowers.
Dilophus orbatus Say. (Bibionidae.) April 8 and 20. Numerous

on all parts of plant.

Hydrotaea houghi Malloch. (Anthomyidae.) April 20. One speci-
men taken on flower.
Lucilia sericata Meig. (Muscidae.) April 8 and 20. Common on

flowers.

Phormia regina Meig. (Muscidae.) April 8. Common on flowers.
Pseudopyrellia caesariana Meig. (Muscidae.) April 20. Common

on flowers.
Rhamphidia flavipes Macquart. (Tipulidae.) Mar. 29. Very nu-

nu-rous. Ofter .10-7.1 individuals on a single plant would have

a synchronic motion, moving the bodies up and down as if the

legs were springs.
Sarcophaga quadrisetosa Coq. (Sarcophagidae.) April 20. One

specimen taken on flower.
Tipula sp. ? (Tipulidae.) Mar. 29. A few specimens taken among

the numerous R. fltirifics.
Trypeta palposa I.oew. (Trypetidae.) April 20 and 22. Common.

Reared adults from pupae collected with the pupae of C. ciiltn

Wd. from interior of mature flower buds.

180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ June, '22

HYMENOPTERA.
Apis mellifica Linn. (Apiclae.) April i. An occasional bee in the

flowers, but at no time have they been numerous.
Agapostemon virescens Fab. (Halictidae.) April 20. Common on

flowers.

Bremus pennsylvanicus DeGeer. (Apidae.) April 1. Occasional.
Camponotus pennsylvanicus DeGeer. (Formicidae.) April 20. A

single winged specimen taken on leaf.

Halictus ligatus Say. (Halictidae.) April 20. Occasional.
Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr. (Formicidae.) Common at all times

on plants along river.

Megachile brevis Say. (Megachilidae.) Mar. 29. Occasional.
Oxystoglossa sp ? (Halictidae.) April 20. Three specimens on

flowers.
Xylocopa micans LeP. (Xylocopidae.) April 1. Occasional.

No doubt there are many more insect visitors and insect
enemies of this plant than are listed in this paper for this local-
ity, and the list would increase with the inclusion of more ter-
ritory, but the author feels that this list may lead others to
watch this plant more carefully.

In concluding it is well to state that there are other animals
who visit or live in the vicinity of this plant, c. g., under the
decaying leaves at the base are usually to be found sow-bugs,
millipedes, centipedes and snails. The snails are often numer-
ous on the plants near the river.

Notes on the Desmodium Leaf Miner, Pachyschelus
laevigatus (Say) (Col. : Buprestidae).

By HARRY B. WEISS and ERDMAN WEST. New Brunswick.

New Jersey.

This member of the Buprestidae which ranges from south-
eastern Canada to Florida and west to Iowa is common
throughout New Jersey and can be found from the last of
May until the first week of July on and in the vicinity of
Mciboinia canadcnsis (L.) (Desmodium canadcnse). Blatch-
ley records the adults on the foliage of black gum and the
flowers of black haw, milkweed, etc., and Chambers records it
as mining Dcsmodhim. At Rutherford, New Jersey, we found
it mining the leaves of Desmodium pendula. At Fairlawn.
New Jersey, adults were numerous on Lcspcdcza capitata, and

xxxiii, '22]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

181

at Boonton, New Jersey, mines were noted on Lespedcza bi-
color, but it is not known definitely if they were the mines of
laevigatus. At Monmouth Junction. New Jersey, several clumps
of Meibomia canadcnsis growing along a railroad embankment
were heavily infested by P. laevigatus (Say) and the following
notes are the results of observations made for the most part at
this place during 1921.

Adults appear about the last week of May and first week of
June and feed on the upper surfaces of the leaves, leaving
nothing but the lower epidermis which becomes reddish and
in the course of time somewhat ragged due to the tissue drying
and breaking. Copulation takes place during the last half of
June, and' by the first week of July small larvae can be found.
The eggs are inserted in a little pocket made usually in the
lower surface near the edge of the leaf. The subcircular,
nearly flat, jelly-like egg is deposited under a thin layer of
tissue. Both the tissue above and below the egg are pushed
out slightly and this results in somewhat flat, oval-like blister
or swelling which is visible on both leaf surfaces. The tissue
over the egg on the lower leaf surface becomes dry and whitish,
while the upper surface of the blister becomes somewhat red-
dish.

'START

END

*

PACHYSCHELLIS l_/\EV»Gf\TU5 MINE5
IN DC5MODIUM

182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS IJuilC, '22

The mine is started from the egg pocket and later extended
in a somewhat irregular and linear manner. By the middle of
July most of the larvae are nearly three-quarters grown and
by the last of July many are full grown and the mines are com-
pleted. On the upper leaf surface the mines appear as dry,
brown, irregularly linear areas. A few are blotch-like. The
number of mines in a leaf varies from one to three, but is
usually only one.

When the greenish larva is full grown it hollows out a cir-
cular cavity at the end of the mine. Such cavities are about
five or six millimeters in diameter. In this place it constructs
a circular, somewhat flat, thin, tough, parchment-like cocoon
about four millimeters in diameter. These cocoons push out
the upper and lo\ver leaf tissues somewhat into comparatively
large blister-like swellings. By the first week cf August all
of the larvae are in these cocoons. At this time the tissue over
the linear mines starts to break up and this, together with the
feeding which took place earlier in the season, cause the leaves
to turn entirely brown and start to curl up toward the midrib.

After the larva enters its cocoon it shrinks longitudinally
into a semiquiescent, compact, prepupal stage, in which it re-
mains until the following spring, when it transforms to a pupa.
The prepupal stage is long and lasts almost from the first of
August until the following May. By the first week in Sep-
tember the cocoon with the dried leaf tissue over it somewhat
resembles a Dcsmodhun seed in color and shape. Later the
leaves containing the cocoons and in fact all of the leaves fall
to the ground and here the prepupa passes the winter.

Egg. — Width, 0.5 mm. Subcircular, flat, sides slightly convex ;
chorion apparently smooth ; transparent when first laid, later becoming
translucent and whitish. The egg resembles a flattened globule of
water, but of thicker consistency.

Larva. — Length 6 to 7 mm. Width across middle of body about
1.7 mm. Flattened, spindle-shaped, tapering both ways from about
the middle, more acutely posteriorly; each segment slightly convex
dorsally and ventrally ; body deeply notched, composed of thirteen
well-defined segments; legs absent; ocelli absent; color light green,
contents of alimentary canal sometimes showing as median dark green
line ; first segment narrower than second ; first segment with well-
defined, large, subquadrate plate on dorsal and ventral surfaces, dorsal

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183

plate apparently smooth, ventral plate bearing transverse rugosities ;
head small, retracted into first segment; antennae three-jointed; labrum
comparatively large, protruded ; mandibles short, strong, somewhat
spoon-shaped, bifid at apex; maxillary palpi two-jointed; labium some-
what protruded ; spiracles, one large one on each side of second seg-
ment and a smaller one on each anterior dorso-lateral surface of seg-
ments four to eleven. The embryonic larva appears to be more
characteristically "buprestid" in shape. Viewed through the transparent
•nvering, the anterior third of the body is wide and flat and the
remaining two-thirds narrow and tail-like, folded against anterior
third. After hatching it becomes oval.

Pupa. — Length about 3 mm. Width about 1.6 mm. Color whitish;
shape oval, like that of adult. Abdomen terminated by a pair of
minute tubercles ; remainder of body apparently devoid of hairs or
spines.

Adult. — Pachyschclus lacrifiatus. This was described by Say in
1836 (Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. vi, p. 164). The original description
was recently published by Nicolay and Weiss in their review of the
igenus Pachyschelus (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. xxviii, p. 140, 1920)
;>nd need not be repeated here.

On Anomalies in Wing Markings of Basilarchia
astyanax Fab. (Lepid., Rhop. : Nymphalidae).

By WARO NAKAHARA, New York City.

Among some fifty specimens of Basilarchia astyancix Fab.
(=- Limcnitis Ursula Godt.) collected by me at Elmhurst, Long
Island (near New York City) during the early part of August,
1921, two interesting aberrant specimens have been found.
In one there is a complete submarginal row of red spots to the
hindwing, upperside, exactly as in B. arthcmis Dru. The speci-
men is a male with appearance entirely typical of astyana.v.
excepting the character just mentioned. In the other, a female
specimen, there are elongated conspicuous red patches, one in
each interspace, on the underside of the hindwing. This speci-
men appears typical of astyana.v, as far as the upperside is con-
cerned. Needless to say that almost every intergradation has
been found between the typical astyana.v and the two extremes
here described.

It is well known that in form proscrpina Kdw. of arthcmis
the white bands are often completely obsolete, thus closely re-
sembling ast \ana.\-. The only difference between the two spe-
cies then consists of the presence in arthcmis and the absence

184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '22

m astyana.v of the red spots on the upperside of the hindwing.
Therefore I would have referred the first specimen described
above to R. arthcmis f. proscrpina Edw., if it were not -for the
fact that the specimen was found in company with numerous
examples of astyana.v and not of arthcmis. Besides, as far as
I am aware, arthemis has not been found to occur in the vicin-
ity of New York City.

The occurrence of a proscrpina-like form within a popula-
tion of astyana.v, which is not mixed with arthcmis, is rather
interesting. This fact, coupled with the well-known variability
of arthcmis itself and the geographical distribution of the two
butterflies, seems to suggest that they represent two local races
( sub-species) of a single species : B. arthemis arthcmis, the
northern, and B. arthemis astyanax, the southern race.

Another point that might be brought up in connection with
the variability of the reddish markings in astyana.v is the ques-
tion of mimicry in the genus Basilarchia. The well-known
resemblance of B. ar chip pus to Danais (Anosia) plc.vippus,
long believed to be a case of mimicry, has come in recent years
to be looked upon with much skepticism. There has been no
positive ground for the hypothesis of mimicry to begin with,
and in the case of archippus especially it has been shown that
in the ancestral form, B. arthcmis, which archippus is sup-
posed to have sprung from, the reddish markings show no
such wide variability as called for by the hypothesis of gradual
change by natural selection. That astyana.v shows much varia-
tion in its reddish markings would seem to open a path for the
hypothesis, which, however, does not seem to meet the condi-
tion. For the past three years, in the vicinity of New York
City, archipp-us has been observed more commonly than plcx-
ippus. The time of appearance, too, seems to be different in
the two species, they being seldom seen flying at the same time.
MoreO'ver, of the two Basilarchias occurring in this region,
the "unprotected" astyana.v is by far commoner than the sup-
posedly protected archippus, A question arises : Does archip-
pus derive any benefit from its resemblance to plc.vippus?
With these facts at hand, it might be well to consider if ar-
chippus is so different in the markings from other congeneric
forms as to require some special explanation. Is not Vanessa
antiopa, for instance, different enough from other Vanessas
to demand a special hypothesis to account for its unique color-
ation ?

It is not within the scope of this short note to go into this
question any deeper. Suffice it to say that, while astyana.v
shows wide range of variability in the reddish element of its
wing markings, this fact by itself offers no argument for the
supposed mimetic nature of the coloration of archippus.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1922.

Collect Data First, Specimens Second.

When this number of the NEWS reaches its readers the col-
lecting season will already have been under way for some
weeks. Indeed some kind of entomological collecting is pos-
sible at almost all seasons of the year. It is, therefore, never
too late to remind collectors that in most cases the data which
they may obtain with their specimens (if they will) are more
important and more valuable than the animals (insects) them-
selves. To be sure, as an illustration of morphology or of a
taxonomic unit of some sort, a specimen, unaccompanied by
any data as to its habitat, its time of occurrence, its relations
to its surroundings, has a certain value, but from any other
viewpoint such a naked object is useless. All of the most in-
teresting sides of entomology, of biology, are based upon the
observations made in connection with the living thing and its
surroundings, and the more completely these are recorded in
connection with the specimens the better.

Dr. A. G. Ruth ven, in his Report of the Director of The
Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan, for the
year ending June 30, 1921. makes a strong and interesting
appeal for "Geography in Museums of Zoology," saying among
other things :

Specimens accompanied by geographic data are more valuable for
taxonomic investigations than those without this information, . . such
data arc indispensable for geographic studies, ... it is an anachronous
practice to continue the piling up of records of a kind once thought to
be adequate but now known to be inadequate for the purposes which
they should serve.

185

186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '22

The University of Michigan- Williamson Expedition to Brazil.

Mr. Jesse H. Williamson's letters from February 13 to March 1
state that Captain Strohm and he were still at Porto Velho, Brazil
(see the NEWS for April, page 104). There was much rain and the
opinion was expressed that there would be no collecting along or near
the big rivers till they dropped 30 or 40 feet. On March 1 they esti-
mated their collections of insects as comprising 2000 specimens of
Odonata of S3 species and a few ants, beetles, grass-hoppers, crane-
flies and cicadas; also a few spiders.

On March 5 they left Porto Velho by the Madeira-Mamore Railway
for Abuna, 220 kilometers to the southwest, in the State of Matto
Grosso. This place is given as Abunan on the National Geographic
Society's map ; its official name is Presidente Marquez ; it likewise is
on the Madeira River. At first there were only light showers here,
but after a week heavy rains fell putting even the woods trails a foot
or more under water.

On March 15, Drs. Mann, Pierson and White of the Mulford Explor-
ation arrived in Abuna, on their homeward way, and continued their
journey to Porto Velho the next day. A "gab fest" between the two
expeditions is reported.

In spite of the unfavorable weather their Odonata numbered 2945
specimens on March 14 and 3616 on March 26.

On March 27 they continued up the railway to Villa Martinho, where
there is no hotel as at Porto Velho and at Abuna, and found quarters
in a restaurant. Villa Martinho is 93 kilometers from Abuna. In these
river towns the railway is the only foot highway.

A Request for Exchanges with Russia.

The Permanent Bureau of Ail-Russian Entomo-Phytopathological
Congresses, Liteyny, 37-39, Room 59, Petrograd, Russia, desires :

1. To exchange printed matter (published since 1914) on ento-
mology, phytopathology, mycology and zoology, with American Col-
leagues, Scientific Societies, Agricultural Experiment Stations, Museums
of Natural History, Periodicals, etc.

2. To receive from American publishers catalogues and specimen
numbers of various publications on the above mentioned subjects.

3. To receive catalogues and price-lists from American firms dealing
in various apparatus and chemicals used in combating the plant injurers.

The above mentioned Permanent Bureau has supplied credentials to
Mr. D. N. Borodin (who also represents the Bureau of Applied Botany
of the Russian Agricultural Scientific Committee, Petrograd) to collect
literature in this country and give all the necessary information t»
American Colleagues, concerning the entomological work conducted in
Russia and to organize an exchange of literature.

Air. Borodin will accept all packages of books, bulletins, etc., for

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187

Russia, if they will be addressed to him at No. 110 West 40th Street,
Room 1603, New York City.

[The Editors are aware that there has been difficulty in sending
and receiving scientific papers to and from Russia, and will be glad
if Mr. Borodin succeeds in reopening communication with that country.]

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology. Series P,

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

5 — Psyche, Cambridge, Mass. 7 — Annals of The Entomological
Society of America, Columbus, Ohio. 8 — The Entomologist ^
Monthly Magazine, London. 10 — Proceedings of the Entomological
Society of Washington. D. C. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural
History, London. 12 — Journal of Economic Entomology, Concord,
N. H. 13 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal.
15 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruns, \Yashington, D. C. 16 — The
Lepidopterist, Salem, Mass. 22 — Bulletin of Entomological Re-
search, London. 24 — Annales de la Societe Entomologique de
France. Paris. 28 — Entomologisk Tidskrift, Uppsala. 39 — The
Florida Entomologist, Gainesville, Florida. 45 — Zeitschrift fur
wissenschaftlichc Insektenbiologie. Berlin. 50— Proceedings of the
United States National Museum. 52 — Zoologischer An/eiger, Lcip-
sjc_ 62 — Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.
New York. 68 — Science, Garrison on the Hudson. X. Y 69-
Comptcs Rendus, des seances de 1'Academie des Sciences, Paris.
70 — Journal of Morphology, Philadelphia. 72 — The Annals of
Applied Biology, London. 73 — Proceedings of the I.innean
Society of New South Wales, Sydney. 77— Compte^; Kendus
des seances dc la Societe de Biologic, Paris. 80— Revu-.-
Suisse de Zoologie, Geneve. 82 — The Ohio Journal of Science.
Columbus. Ohio. 85 — The Journal of Experimental Zoology. Phila-
delphia. 87 — Arkiv for Zoologi, K. Svcnska Vetenskapsakademien,
Stockholm. 88 — Occasional Papers of the Mil-rum of Zool"
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 89 — Zoologische Jahrbucher.

188 ENTOMOLOGICAL' NEWS [June, '22

Jena. 91 — The Scientific Monthly, Lancaster, Pa. 104 — Zeitschrift
fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 114 — Entomologische
Rundschau, Stuttgart. 115 — Societas Entomologica, Stuttgart. 125—
Verhandlungen del zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
138 — American Museum Novitates. 139 — Bulletin of the Southern
California Academy of Sciences, Los Angeles. 140 — Sitzungs-
berichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin.

GENERAL. Borodin, D. N. — The present status of entomology
and entomologists in Russia. 12, xv, 172-6. Distant, W. L.—
Obituary notice. 8, Iviii, 66-67. Handschin, E. — Zur nomenklatur-
irage. 115, xxxvii, 9. Louisiana Entomological Society. [An ac-
count of the society by T. E. Holloway]. 68, Iv, 436. Pierce, W. D.
—Lectures in applied entomology. Collection. Ser. 1, Pt. 1, No. 5.
Schrottky, C. — Soziale gewohnheiten bei solitaren insekten. 45, xxii,
•19-57. Thompson, Caroline B. — Obituary notice. 72, ix, 81-82.
Wahlgren, E. — De europeiska polaroarnas insektfauna des samman-
sattning och harkomst. 28, 1920, 1-23.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Baerg, W. J.— Regarding
the habits of tarantulas and the effects of their poison. 91, xiv, 482-
89. Brown, M. — Notes on the structure of an endoparasitic water-
mite l.'irva occurring in frogs. (Washington Univ. Studies, ix, 291-
308.) Bryk, F. — Grundzuge der sphragidologie. 87, xi, No. 18. Car-
penter & Pollard — The presence of lateral spiracles in the larva
of Hypoderma. (Proc. R. Irish Acad., xxxiv, B. 73-84.) Crampton,
G. C. — Evidences of relationship indicated by the venation of the
fore wings of certain insects with especial reference to the Hemip-
tera-Homoptera. 5, xxix, 23-41. v. Emden, F. — Beitrag zur kenn-
zeichnung der holometabolen (heteromophen) insektenlarven. 52,
liv, 231-5. Fassl, A. H. — Einige kritische bemerkungen zu J. Robers
"Mimikry und verwandte erscheinungen bei schmetterlingen." 114,
xxxix, 15-16. Gaschott, O. — Zur phylogenie von Psithyrus. 52, liv,
225-31. Genieys, P. — Sur le determinisme des variations de la color-
ation chez un Hymenoptere parasite. 77, Ixxxvi, 767-70. Heiker-
tinger, F. — Die wespenmimikry oder sphekoidie. 125, Ixx, 316-385.
Heselhaus, F. — Die hautdrusen der apiden und verwandter fornien.
89, Ab. f. Anat., xliii, 369-464. Hess, W. N.— Origin and develop-
ment of the light-organs of Photurus pennsylvanica. 70, xxxvi, 245-
77. Kreuscher, A.--Der fettkorper und die oenocyten von Dytiscns
marginalis. 104, cxix, 247-84. Lienhart, R. — Le mechanisme de la
stridulations chez Cyrtaspis scutata. 24, xc, 156-60. Petrunkevitch,
A. — The circulatory system and segmentation in Arachnida. 70,
xxxvi, 157-89. de Peyerimhoff, P. — Etudes stir les larves des coleop-
teres. I. 24, xc, 97-111. Reh, L. — Die wespenmimikry der SesiVn.
125, Ixx, 99-112. Roubaud, E. — Sommeil d'hiver ccdant a I'liiver

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 180

chez les larvcs et nymphes de Muscides. 69, clxxiv, 964-6. Van der
Heyde, H, C. — On the respiration of Dytiscus marginalis. 85, xxxv.
335-52. Walker, E. M. — The terminal structures of orthoptcroid
insects: a phylogenetic study. Part 2. 7, xv. 1-88. Wolff, B.—
Schlammsinnesorgane (pelotakische organe) hti Limnobiinenlarven.
(Jenaische Zeit. f. Naturw., Iviii, 77-144.)

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Ewing, H. A.— Three new species of
peculiar and injurious spider mites. 10, xxiv. 104-8.

NEUROPTERA. Sjostedt, Y. — Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der
schwcdischen entomologischen reise der D. A. Roman in Amazonas.
Odonata. 87, xi, No. 15.

Watson, J. R. — New Thysanoptera from Florida. XI. Another
new thrips from cocoanuts from Cuba. 39, v, 65-6; 66-7. William-
son, E. B. — Notes on Celithemis with descriptions of two new spe-
cies. 88, No. 108.

ORTHOPTERA. Criddle, N.— Manitoba grasshoppers. (Can.
Field-Nat., xxxvi. 41-44, 66-S.)

HEMIPTERA. Barber & Ellis— Eggs of three Ccrcopidae. 5,
:-:xix, 1-3. Drake, C. J. — The genus Dicysta. (Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
xiii, 269-73.) Mason, A. — Life history studies of some Florida
Aphids. 39, v, 53-9, 62-5.

Barber, H. G. — Two new species of Reduviidac from the U. S.
10, xxiv, 103-4. Sanders & DeLong — New species of Cicadellidae
from the eastern and southern U. S. 10, xxiv, 93-102.

LEPIDOPTERA. Caudell, A. N.— Change of authorship of cer-
tain Noctuids. 15, x, 112.

Barnes & Lindsey — A review of some generic names in the order
Lepidoptera. 7, xv, 89-90. Cassino & Swett — Two new species of
Sericosema. Some new Geometrids. 16, iii, 151-55; 155-58. Wright,
W. S.— A new Lycaenid. 139, xxi, 19-20.

DIPTERA. Crumb, S. E.— A mosquito attractant. 68, Iv, 416-7.
Alexander, C. P.— The biology of the North American crane-flies.
VI. The genus Cladura. 13, xiv. 1-6. Undescribcd species of Costa
Rican flies belonging to the family Tipulidae in the U. S. Nat. Mus.
50, Ix, Art. 25. Patton, W. S.— Notes on the species of the genus
Musra. 22, xii, 411-26. Pawan, J. L.— The oviposition of .loblotia
digitalis. 15, x, 63-5. Ping, C.— The biology of Kphydra subopaca.
(Cornell I'niv. Agr. Kxpt. Sta., Mem. 49.) Thompson, W. R.—
On the taxonomic value of larval cliaracters in tacliinid parasites.
10, xxiv. 85-93.

Dyar, H. G.— The American Aedes of the scapularis group. Two
mos(|uitoes new to the mountains of California. Illustrations of the

190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '22

male hypopygium of certain Sabethids. The mosquitoes of the
Palacarctic and Ncarctic regions. The mosquitoes of the Glacier
National Park, Montana. Mosquito notes. 15, x, 51-60; 60-61;
01-62; 65-75; 80-8; 92-1). Garrett, C. B. D.— Two new Blepharo-
ceridae. A meristic variation. 15, x, 89-91; 91. Hine, J. S.— De-
scriptions of Alaskan diptera of the family Syrphidae. 82, xxii,
143-7.

COLEOPTERA. Aurivillius, C.— Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars
73: Cerambycidae Lamiinae I. Comstock, J. A. — A giant palm-bor-
ing beetle (Dinapate wrightii). 139, xxi, 5-17. Cros, A. — Notes sur
les larves primaires des Meloidae avcc indication de larves nouvelles.
24, xc, 133-55. Hustache, A. — Nouveaux Ceuthorrhynchini de
l'Amerique du Sud. 24, xc, 112-32. Kleine, R. — Wissenschaftliche
crgebnisse der schwedischen entomologischen reise des A. Roman
in Amazonas 1914-15. Brenthidae. 87, xiii, No. 12. Montet, G.—
Thynnides nouveau du Museum d'Histoire Nat. de Geneve. 80, xxix,
177-226. Pic, M. — Melanges exotico-entomologiques. Fasc. 35.
[many So. American species described]. Sicard, Dr. — Descriptions
cK- varietes, especes et genres nouveaux appartenant a la famille des
Coccinellides. 11, ix, 349-60. Watson, J. R. — Some beetles new to
Florida. 39, v. 67-8. Weise, J. — Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der
schwedischen entomologischen reise des A. Roman in Amazonas.
Chrysomelidae. 87, xiv, No. 1.

Frost, C. A. — A new species of New England C. (Cantharis).
5, xxix, 4-6.

HYMENOPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Descriptions and rec-
ords of bees. XCIII. 11, ix, 360-7. Kahl, H.— Notes on some
species of Chalcidoidea in the Carnegie Museum. (Ann. Carnegie
Mus., xiii, 265-8.) Ramme, W.— Zur lebensweise von Pseu-
dagenia. 140, 1920, 1:50-32. Roman, A. — Schlupwespen aus Ama-
zonien. 87, xi, No. 4. Ruschka, F. — Chalcididenstudien. 125, Ixx,
234-315.

Brues, C. T. — The Embolemid genus Pcdinomma in North Amer-
ica. 5, xxix, 6-8. Cockerell, T. D. A. — 'Bees in the collection of the
U. S. Nat. Mus. 50, Ix, Art. 18. Bees of the genus Panurginus
obtained by the American Museum Rocky Mountain expeditions.
138, No. 36. Cushman, R. A. — New species of ichneumon-flies with
taxonomic notes. 50, Ix, Art. 21. Enderlein, G.— Symphytologica
!. Zur kenntnis der Oryssiden und Tenthrediniden. 140, 1919, 111-
27. Gahan, A. B. — A new hymcnopterous parasite upon adult
beetles. 82, xxii, 140-2. Kinsey, A. C.— New Pacific coast Cynipidae.
62, xlvi, 279-95. Timberlake, P. H. — A revision of the chalcid-flies
of the encyrtid genus Chrysoplatycerus. 50, Ixi, Art. 2.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 191

Doings of Societies.

The American Entomological Society

Meeting of June 6, 1921, at The Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia. Twelve persons present, Dr. Skinner presiding.

ODONATA. — Dr. Calvert exhibited specimens of the true Gomphus
dilatatus Rambur which has been found only in Georgia and Florida ;
also specimens from Weaver, Perry County, Pennsylvania (by the late
Erich Daecke) and other northern states, which have passed for dila-
tatus but are specifically distinct and for which the name lineatifrons
is proposed; also specimens of G. vastus Walsh which is the northern
and smaller representative of the true dilatatus. The differences be-
tween these three were briefly discussed. [The full statement appears
in a paper which has since been published in the Transactions of the
Society, xlvii, pp. 221-232. J He remarked that fast us is a smaller
form than dilatatus and asked for discussion on this point. Mr. Rehn
said that in birds and mammals southern forms were smaller, while in
grasshoppers they were larger. Mr. Hebard spoke on possible influ-
ence of richness of vegetation on size and remarked that the same
influence is seen in ascending mountains.

LEPIDOPTERA. — Dr. Skinner stated that in butterflies the southern
forms were larger and that Papilio tunius in Alaska was but half the
size of tHose in the southern states. He discussed the various forms of
In nuts and whether they are species or not.

Mr. Hebard remarked that two forms might be distinct in two local-
ities and yet converge to the area where intermediates are found.
When the opposite is true there is no change even though the specie?
are quite similar. In such cases they change from one form to the
other without overlapping. Mr. Rehn remarked that the area of inter-
gradation is usually narrow and that forms do not gradually merge
over extensive territories.

Comments by Mr. Williams followed. Mr. Laurent noticed that
Florida forms of Lepidoptera were usually larger. Dr. Skinner stated
that there was plenty of food for tunius there, cherry and tulip poplar.
ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. Rehn exhibited specimens of the two species of
Ilcm'uncrus and made some remarks on the family Hemimeridae, touch-
ing on the structure, habits and distribution of the species and the

history of our knowledge of these remarkable insects. — DAVID HAR-
ROWER, Recording Secretary.

Meeting of October 26, 1921, at the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia. Members present, 8 and one visitor, Dr. Skinner pre-
siding.

LEPIDOPTERA. — Mr. Davis presented a colony of cocoons of Apantclcs
Itictt'icolor Yier., a parasite of the Gypsy and Brown Tail Moths in New
England, and he spoke of the introduction of these parasites in 1914-
1910, and the apparent success of various parasites introduced for these

192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '22

pests. Dr. Skinner spoke about his researches in the Hesperidae, par-
ticularly his genitalic studies of that family, and exhibited outline
sketches showing the various forms of these organs in a number of
species.

ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. Hebard exhibited specimens of the Blattid genus
Prosoplecia from the Philippine Islands which mimic species of the
Coleopterous family Coccinellidae. He also spoke of the peculiar
Orthopterous fauna of that part of the world. Mr. Rehn made a few
remarks on the West Indian species of the Blattid genus Nyctibora,
dwelling particularly upon the history of N. lactngata, which remained
virtually unrecognized for over one hundred years after it was orig-
inally described. The series of the genus from the collection was
exhibited.

General discussion, especially by Messrs. Hebard and Rehn and
Cresson as to the generic value of certain characters, followed. A point
brought out in the discussion was that a generic character may not
necessarily be present in all species of the genus. — E. T. CRESSON, JR.,
Recording Secretary pro tern.

Meeting of December 12, 1921, at the same place. Eight members
and contributors and Mr. T. H. Prison, of Riverton, visitor, present,
President Skinner presiding.

The President gave an interesting reminiscence of his nearly forty
years' connection with this Society as a member; of the meetings and
their attendances, communications, and of the persons he knew and had
been associated with during the early years.

A letter from the Consulate General of Finland was read in which
mention was made that Mr. B. W. Heikcl, Jardin Botanico, Asuncion.
Paraguay, would like to correspond with any person wishing collections
of Natural History specimens from Paraguay.

Mr. Rehn moved that the thanks of the Society be extended to Dr.
Robert G. LeConte for a gift of the letters of his father. Dr. John L.
LeConte.

Mr. Rehn moved that the meetings during 1922 be held as follows :
Fourth Thursdays of February, April and October, and on the second
Monday of December. Adopted.

The following officers and committees were elected to serve during
1922: President, Henry Skinner, M.D., Sc.D. ; Vice-President, James A.
G. Rehn ; Corresponding Secretary, Morgan Hebard ; Recording Sec-
retary, Roswell C. Williams, Jr. ; Treasurer, Ezra T. Cresson.

Publication Committee, James A. G. Rehn (Chairman and Editor),
Ezra T. Cresson, Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D.

Finance Committee, Morgan Hebard (Chairman), David M. Castle,
M.D., James A. G. Rehn.

Property Committee, Ezra. T. Cresson, Jr. (Librarian and Custodian"),
Morgan Hebard and Philip Laurent.— E. T. CRESSON, JR., Recording
Secretary pro tern.

ORNITHOPTERA ALEXANDRAE.

Fine perfect specimens of this grand rare species are offered ; also O.
chimaera — Zelotypia staceyi, superb rarity — many others. Largest stock of
exotic Coleoptera, rarities and unnamed series. Also the most important
books on Entomology in stock.

Janson & Sons, Naturalists & Booksellers 44, Great Russell St , London, W.C.I.

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C. F. GROTH

14 Poplar Place, New Rochelle, N. Y

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JULY, 1922

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXIII No. 7

CHARLES ALFRED BLAKE

1834-1903.

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.

E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D.. Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

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PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL.

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIII.

Plate IX.

CRYPTOTHRIPS LAURELI, ADULT (A-C), EGG (E) AND
LARVA (D).— MASON.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXIII

JULY, 1922

No. 7

CONTENTS

Mason — Cryptothrips laureli, a New

Tbrips from Florida (Thysatiop.) 193

Williamson — Indiana Somatochloras
again (Odonata, Libellulidae). 200

Alexander — Undescribed Crane-flies
from Argentina (Tipulidae, Dipt.).
Part V 207

Lindsey — Notes on the Distribution and
Synonymy of some Species of Ptero-
phoridae I l.epid. ) 211

Prison — Further Biological and Syste-
matic Notes Concerning Bremus
kincaidii Ckll. and other closely
related Species ( Hym., Bombidae) 214

The University of Michigan-William-
son Expedition to Brazil 216

Editorial — On Firing Shot 217

Barnes and Benjamin — Correction 217

Howard — A Braconid .Feeding bv In-
direct Suction ( Hym. ) 218

Khmgsu Bureau of Entomology 2iS

Entomological Literature 219

Review of Howard's translation of Boif-

vier's The Psychic Life of Insects. . 222
Review of the Report of the Proceed-
ings of the Fourth Entomological

Meeting held at Pusa 223

Doings of Societies — The American En-
tomological Society 224

Cryptothrips laureli, a New Thrips from Florida

(Thysanop.).

By ARTHUR C. MASON, Assistant Entomologist, Fruit Insect

Investigations, Bureau of Entomology, United States

Department of Agriculture.1

(Plate IX.)

INTRODUCTION.

While making a survey of the native hay trees of the genus
Tainala (Pcrsca) in the central part of -Florida for the purpose
of discovering, if possible, the origin of the camphor thrips
(Crvrtothrips florid cnsis \Yatson), a closely related species of
t'rvptothrips was found. The camphor thrips has proven a
^crious menace in the last few years 1o the newlv developing
camphor industry in the State and has heen the subject of
investigation by the l>ureau. Although first taken to he an
introduced insect peculiar to camphor, later development-
tended to point to the fact that it might he native on the hays
and had taken to the camphors because of their close botanical

Published with the permission of the Secretary of Agriculture.

193

194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS «!'- '22

relationship. This theory,2 that the native bays were the nat-
ural host for the camphor thrips, was held for some time.
However, the results of this investigation have shown that the
thrips on the bay, although identical in many respects with the
camphor thrips, is a new species distinct from C. floridcnsis.
The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to describe this new
bay thrips and give its biological habits and other points of
interest.3

DESCRIPTION OF BAY THRIPS.
Cryptothrips laureli n. sp. (Plate IX, A, B, C.)

Close to C. floridensis Watson, but differs in the following charac-
ters : general size, color and length of antennae ; relative shape and size
of third antennal segment ; stronger spines on head, thorax and ab-
domen ; number of doubled hairs on fringe of wings. Also in color
and appearance of eggs, color of larvae, feeding habits, preferred host
plants, general biological habits, such as length of instars, reproductive
methods, etc.

General color almost uniformly glossy black; tarsi dark brown; an-
tennae dark brown to black with exception of segment three, which is
clear yellow.

Average measurements: Total length of insect, exclusive of antennae,
2.7 mm. ; head, length .34 mm., width .25 mm. ; prothorax, length .23
mm., width .44 mm. ; mesothorax, width .54 mm. ; abdomen, greatest
width .57 mm. ; tube, length .25 mm. ; width at base .084 mm.

Antennae: 1, 37.1 microns; 2, 58.8 microns; 3, 107.1 microns; 4,
94.2 microns ; 5, 85.4 microns ; 6, 75.6 microns ; 7, 67.2 microns ; 8,
36.8 microns; total length .56 mm.

Head nearly one and one-half times as long as wide, cylindrical,
sides almost straight and parallel ; one rather prominent spine back of
each eye. Eyes dark brown, rather large and prominent, finely facetted,
not pilose. Ocelli present, concolorous with eyes, inconspicuous. Mouth-
cone blunt, reaching nearly across the pronotum. Antennae with eight
segments, almost twice as long as head; first two segments heavy, third
segment long and slender in proportion to the others ; segments one
and two concolorous with the' head, segment three clear yellow, seg-
ment four light brown at base and shading into darker brown toward
the tip, remaining segments dark brown or black ; bristles and sense-
cones thick.

Prothorax short, slightly shorter than the width of the head, widest

3Watson, J. R. "The Native Host-Plant of the Camphor Thrips."
In "Florida Buggist," Vol. ITT. No. 2, p. 25, 1919.

3The writer is jndcbted to Mr. W. W. Yothers, under whose direction
this work was done, for many valuable suggestions in accomplishing it.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195

in center and narrowed toward each end ; two prominent spines on both
the anterior and posterior lateral margins. Mesothorax very short with
straight parallel sides, about one and one-fourth times as wide as the
prothorax. One short spine on each lateral margin. Pterothorar
slightly narrower than the abdomen, sides almost straight. Lefjs long;
and slender except the fore femora ; tarsi dark brown but otherwise
concolorous with the body, ll'inf/s transparent, rather short, about
two-thirds of length of abdomen, very slight constriction, finely fringed
with hairs and doubled for from 5 to 13 hairs, usually about 7 hairs.
3 strong prominent spines at base of fore wings.

Abdomen long, first three segments of nearly equal width and then
tapers gradually to segments 7 and 8, which are rounded off to the
tube. A pair of prominent spines on outer posterior angles of all
abdominal segments which become longer toward the posterior end,
the last two pairs being as long as the tube. Tube rather long and
slender with a circle of stiff hairs at the end, 8 of which are nearly
as long as the tube and the alternating 8 about half as long.

Males are very much smaller but otherwise similar. Sometimes show
reddish brown or purple pigment. Body length varies from 1.3 mm.
to 2.2 mm. with an average of 1.7 for ten specimens.

Described* from a large number of adults, eggs and larvae
collected on bays of the genus Tamala. Type localities Daytona
rind Orlando, Fla.

EGG. — The eggs (Plate IX, E.) average .46 mm. x .20 mm. in size,
are light straw yellow to orange yellow, and become red during develop-
ment of the embryo. The surface is sometimes smooth and sometimes
covered with irregular scale-like patches; often one side of an egg
will show these markings while the other side is smooth.

The average time for development of eggs was 6.5 days (average
of 30 eggs). When ready to hatch a lid-like cap splits off the anterior
end of the egg, allowing the young larva to escape. The egg shell
remains intact on the limb or buds, often for a long period.

The preferred place for laying eggs seems to be among the bud scales
on the new shoots. They are also found sometimes in the axils of the
leaves or other sheltered places on the limb.

LARVA. — First Instar. — When first hatched from the eggs the young
larvae appear a light carmine red color. Total length, including an-
tennae, about one millimeter, the legs and antennae very long in pro-
portion to the rest of the body. The antennae black, but have
a short colorless area at the end of each segment ; eyes small and red ;
two black spots on the thorax so large as to occupy most of the dorsal
surface and make the entire thorax appear black; legs and last two
abdominal segments dirty white or gray.

*Types deposited in the U. S. National Museum.

196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u- '22

The average; duration of the first instar for 18 individuals was 8.06
days. It varied from 6 to 11 days.

Second Instar. — (Plate IX, D.) Color bright carmine red, the larvae
being conspicuous on the trees by their brilliant color. The color
pigment solid throughout the body and not broken into blotches. Head,
antennae, legs and last two abdominal segments clear glossy black.
Also two large black spots on the thorax and two rectangular black
markings reaching about half way around the center of the third seg-
ment from end of abdomen. The body, including legs and antennae, is
covered with a number of black hairs or spines.

The larvae are not very active and when moving about often carry
the tip of the abdomen curled upward and forward in a characteristic
manner. The length of this instar varied from 6 to 13 days with an
average of 7.9 days.

Third Instar. (Prepupa). Same clear red color as in preceding
stages, although the color pigment is somewhat broken into blotches,
particularly in head and thorax and near tip of abdomen. Head
whitish and almost colorless except for a few blotches of red color
in the center ; eyes small and red ; antennae short, stout and colorless.
Wing pads very short and colorless ; legs and last two abdominal seg-
ments also colorless. A few whitish hairs cover the body.

The larvae in this stage are very inactive. The instar is of short
duration, lasting only 2 or 3 days, with an average of 2.4 days.

Pupa. — This stage is the same color as the preceding and appears
similar except for the length of the antennae and wing pads. The
antennae are now longer and folded back along the sides of the head.
Wing pads reach to the 4th or 5th abdominal segment. The eyes
appear somewhat larger and brown in color.

The pupae are very quiescent and usually remain in, secluded places.
The stage lasts for 4 to 6 days with an average of 4.5 days.

DISTRIBUTION AND HOST PLANTS.

The natural host plants of this insect include all of the
bay trees of the genus Tanmla ( family Lauraceae). There is
in the State another entirely unrelated group of trees called
hays, belonging to the genus Magnolia of the family Mag-
noliaceae. These, of course, have no relation to tlie laurels
and are not concerned in this discussion. Although known to
occur only in Florida, it is probable that the bay thrips extends
over the entire range of its host plants which includes all of
the southeastern states.' All four species of T a mala have been
found infested. The writer has collected C. laurcli from three
of these bays and Watson reports finding it on the fourth,

xxxiii, '22 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 197

Tamala borbonia, or red bay, near Gainesville. The shore hay,
T. lift oral is, is a very common tree along the sand ridges on
the beach near Daytona and in nearly all cases harbors the
thrips. In the so-called oak scrub, in central Florida, is a bay
known as T. Jut in His, or scrub bay, and the thrips were taken
from it between Orange City and Lake Monroe. Probably
the most common bay of the State is the swamp bay, T.
pubesccns, which lives around the margin of lakes and along
streams and in swampy ground over most of the State. The
bay thrips is common on this species in the vicinity of Orlando
and is reported by Watson as being found on them near Frost-
proof, Florida, and other points on the central ridge of the
State. The red bay lives in the higher hammock lands and,
as stated above, is also a host of the bay thrips.

The bay thrips also will live on camphor (Cainphora
i amphora}, but it is somewhat doubtful if it will establish
itself permanently there. Several generations have been bred
on camphor trees under observation at the laboratory, but no
instances have been found where bay thrips have colonized
themselves on camphor trees naturally. Camphor trees grow-
ing close to bay trees infested with thrips were uninjured. The
preferred hosts certainly are the bays. Of the four species of
Tamala no preference has been observed.

HISTORY AND HABITS.
The length of time required from egg to adult as determined
from the average of 50 individuals was 28.3 days. As stated
above the egg stage lasted for 6.5 days. The total time for
the larval and pupal stages together was 21.8 days as an
average. Since there is a preoviposition stage of several days.
the period for the maximum generations would be in execs-,
of 30 days. The life of the adult thrip often lasts about 60
days in confinement but in some cases has exceeded this. There
is also a postoviposition stage lasting usually for se\eral days
] -receding death. The bay thrips are not very prolific in number
of eggs laid. Ten adults laid an average of 1.06 eggs per day
over a period of about 2 months. The greatest number laid
on any one day was 4. Many days were passed without any
eggs being laid.

198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty' '22

The above data were obtained during August and September
when the weather was warm. Of course, the various stages
would be much longer during the cooler weather. During these
experiments the temperatures at the laboratory in Orlando,
Florida, were as follows :

For August the daily maximums ranged from 90" F. ID 100" F.
with a mean of 94° F. ; the daily minimums 65° F. to 75 J F. with a
mean of 71.2° F. ; mean temperature for month 82.6° F. ; greatest
daily range 29° F. ; precipitation 4.13 inches. For September the daily
maximums ranged from 91° F. to 103° F. with mean of 95.9° F. ;
the daily minimums 67° F. to 73"° F. with mean of 69.6° F. ; mean tem-
perature for month 82.8° F. ; greatest daily range 32* F. ; precipitation
1.93 inches.

Contrary to the sex ratio of many species of thrips, the per-
centage of males for this species seems to be relatively high,
often as many as 50% of those captured being males. The
same phenomenon has been observed among those bred in jars
in the laboratory, a large number being males. The adults of
both sexes have a habit of congregating together and copulation
has frequently been seen to occur in the breeding jars. In
fact it is very doubtful if this thrips will breed partheno-
genetically. In a large number of experiments the adults reared
in jars would die without laying eggs when they were not mated
with males.

All stages of the thrips are found around the terminal bud
and on the new shoots. The young larvae on hatching feed on
the newly unfolding leaves, causing brown and dead spots to
appear. The later stages of the larvae, as well as the pupae
and adults, also feed on the new growth. When very numerous
on a tree they will sometimes kill the buds, but ordinarily no
damage is done. Although small areas are killed on the nc\v
leaves, the leaves later outgrow this injury. The thrips do
not cause lesions or other injury to the bark, and no instances
have been observed where trees, or even limbs on a tree, have
been killed. This, of course, would be expected of a native
insect on its natural host.

The adult thrips are always active and usually walk about
on the stems and leaves with a rapid motion. They have a
characteristic habit of carrying the tip of the abdomen curved

xxxiii, '22 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199

upward and forward. Although possessed of fully developed
wings, they have seldom been seen to fly and then only for short
distances. When disturbed they will run rapidly around the
stem or to some place of hiding. They are often found close
down in the axils of newly opening leaves.

These insects possess the .ability to puncture the skin. The
writer while working with them has often felt a very per-
ceptible stinging sensation from their bite on the back of the
hand, neck or other place where the skin is tender.

ENEMIES.

One of the factors limiting the increase in numbers of the
bay thrips is that it is preyed upon by other insects. At least
two of these enemies have been found, one an internal hymen-
opterous parasite and the other a predaceous Anthocorid.

The first of these is Tctrastichns .?/>., 5 apparently an uride--
scribed species, and a representative of a genus not known
before from Thysanoptera in this country. Internal parasites
of thrips while very rare, have been reported in a few cases.
Parasitized specimens of this thrips were collected on bay trees
in September, 1921, and the adults bred from them in the
laboratory. The eggs are laid by the adults in the bodies of
the larval stages of the thrips. After a few days the thrips
dies and the body becomes dried and swollen. About a week
later the small wasp-like parasite emerges from a hole cut
through the body \vall on the dorsal surface near the end of
the abdomen.

The second of these is Anthocoris sp.? a small predaceous
insect, which was found sucking the juices from the larval and
pupal stages of the thrips. While perhaps not so important a
factor in control as the internal parasite, still these Anthocorids
will destroy a large number of thrips. These two insects
undoubtedly are largely responsible for keeping the thrips from
increasing and doing a large amount of injury to the bay trees.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

Cryptothrips laurcli n. sp. A. — Head and prothorax. B. — Antenna
enlarged. C. — Tip of abdomen showing tube and hairs. D. — Second
stage larva. E. — Egg.

5Determined by A. B. Gahan of the Bureau of Entomology.
6Determined by W. L. McAtec, of the Bun-au of Entomology.

200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | July, '22

Indiana Somatochloras Again (Odonata, Libellulidae).

By E. B. WILLIAMSON, Bluffton, Indiana.

Eighty-five years ago, in 1837, Calvin C. Deam, aged six
years, came to Wells County, Indiana, with his parents. Here
they found only a few white people in a few small cleared
areas in the practically continuous forest, two small prairies,
the largest about seventy or eighty acres, being the only natural
openings in the woodland which covered the land to the water's
edge along the Wabash River. The forest was heavily under-
brushed with prickley ash, spicewood, pawpaw and dogwood.
The small streams of later years were then practically long
swamps with short connecting streams. Here the timber was
not so heavy, being principally ash, and the underbrush was
not so thick, but the water was all shaded and log-dammed
at frequent intervals. Creek beds as I knew them thirty years
ago as a boy did not appear till the fallen logs were dragged
out and the released waters made the channels. The Wabash
was also log-jammed and full of deep holes. Its breadth
permitted the sun to reach the water, which was deep and
clear even in low stages when it almost ceased to flow. The
boulders, now numerously exposed, were then all covered with
but one exception. Even in the highest stages the water was
only slightly roiled, never getting a muddy yellow as in these
later days, though it frequently got out of its banks into the
surrounding woodland. The prairie of seventy or eighty acres
got dry enough in the summers to cut with scythes, but not
dry enough for wagons, and the hay was pulled out with grape
vines and horses. There were two Indian camps, one of thirty
to forty Indians just below the mouth of Johns Creek (named
for John Bennett) and one of twenty-five to thirty Indians
just above the mouth of Bills Creek (named for William
McDowell).

Calvin Deam has lived to see the day when the original
forest has gone from Wells County as certainly and com-
pletely as has the Indian. He has seen the ruination of the
Wabash and the complete destruction of many of its tributaries.
The modern dredge has laid its unsightly gashes in every

xxxiii, '22} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 201

direction through the land, the old water level is forever low-
ered, and the primitive conditions are gone never to return.
Study and discussion may devise methods of improving the
Wabash, but it will he an artificial Wabash, not a restored
Wabash, on whose banks no Indians will camp, from whose
waters no doe and her fawns will drink, through whose forest >
no wild turkey hen will lead her brood.

And as Calvin Beam has told me of the deer that used to
come in the heat of the day to the cool recesses of the Vanemon
Swamp (known then as Bay's Swamp for William May, who
owned it), so I would tell a little of the Somatochloras which
still survive, but which are going, — which may be gone before
another year has passed.

In Entomological News of .April, 1912. I recorded the
captures of Somatochloras in Indiana up to that date, and
described Flat Creek in Wells County where two species had
been found. Since then the Simmers sisters' woods, through
which Flat Creek flows, has been cut over, exposing the Creek
more to the sun, and weeds and mud have replaced the feu-
gravelly spots which formerly existed. I took another male
of charadraca there on July 4, 19 13, but failed to find it after
that date until during the summer of 1921, when another single
male was taken on July 6. On July 10, 1914, a female of
Uncarts was taken on the same creek and on July 9 and 13,
1919, four males and a female of the same species were col-
lected. The female was ovipositing by striking her abdomen
on the fine gravel at the water's edge of a shallow ripple. Since
then this sandy ripple has become mud-co\rered and weed-
grown, and we failed to find lincaris on the creek in 1921.

North of Wells County, in Allen County, is a small tributary
of Little River, named the Aboite River, which, a few miles
above its mouth, flows for about a quarter of a mile through
a bit of woodland known as Devil's Hollow, though there is
nothing in the long pools and gentle ripples to 'suggest the
name. Aboite River is in reality only a shallow creek aver-
aging possibly ten feet in width. At the upper end of Devil's
Hollow is a small right-hand tributary of cold clear spring
water (lowing through a thick second growth. This small

202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '22

stream is about a foot and a half wide and pursues a very
tortuous course at the foot of a low bluff or ridge. On July
6, 1919, we collected at several points on the Aboite above
Devil's Hollow and at Devil's Hollow. About noon, on the
small tributary described above, we saw a Somatochlora hover-
ing over a small pool. It was captured and proved to be
tcnebrosa. A few minutes later a second one was seen and
captured over another small pool. Several trips back and forth
over the course of the stream failed to reveal any more, and on
several subsequent visits we have never been able to find a
Somatochlora on the Aboite or its tributary.

One of these fruitless visits was made on July 3, 1921.
Leaving the Aboite about the middle of the afternoon. Arch
Cook, Jesse Williamson and myself started south for the old
collecting ground on Flat Creek. Some detours were necessary
and as a result we discovered a good looking creek one mile
west and about half a mile south of Zanesville. This is Davis
Creek and our road crossed it along the east edge of a bit of
unpastured second growth woods, known as Shoups woods,
through which the creek flows in a westerly direction. Leaving
the road and following the creek into the woods we found a
fine little stream three to eight feet wide, flowing mostly over
gravel, with many gentle ripples and frequent pools, some of
the latter almost waist deep. We had not gone far when a
Somatochlora was seen and, collecting from about three to
four p. m., we succeeded in taking two males of linearis.
Below the Shoup woods, Davis Creek flows through some
brushy unpastured blue grass fields, through two small, second
growth, unpastured woods, then into a pastured woods where
it is fouled and trampled, and finally, just before its mouth in
Eight Mile Creek, it passes through a pastured field. Through
the Shoup woods westward to the pastured woods just above
its mouth it is more or less shaded and its banks and ripples
are not ruined by live stock, as is the case in the pastured
woods. East of the Shoup woods, in its upper courses, it
passes through hot, sunny fields, a mere mud trough in a
ruined landscape.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203

About five a. m. the next day, I again visited the creek \vith
a party studying birds. But little time could be spared looking-
for Somatochloras, but I saw a female of lincaris ovipositing;,
captured a male each of lincaris and charadraca, and saw
several more of both species.

On July 5, Arch Cook and I went again to the creek, reach-
ing it about 4 p. m. We caught one male each of charadraea
and lincaris. The last specimen seen was flying the creek at
6.30 p. m. That night we slept in the J. M. Settlemeyer barn
and were at the creek early the next day. The morning was
cloudy or hazy, and seemed rather unfavorable, but we saw
our first Somatochlora before 5 a. m. and we caught six more
males of lincaris and another charadraca, and returning home,
we stopped at Flat Creek and caught a male charadraca.

Our success encouraged us to enlarge our party, and the
night of July 7, Rev. D. C. Truesdale, Arch Cook, Jesse
Williamson and I slept in the Settlemeyer barn again. Sun up
the next day found us at the creek but the morning was hazy
and between six and seven o'clock a heavy thundershower
drove us, with only four or five lincaris in our bottles, to the
shelter of the tight floored road bridge over the creek. Here
we cooked and ate our breakfast. By this time the storm was
over and the sun came out brightly. We all returned to col-
lecting, and before 9 a. m., when another thunder storm again
drove us to shelter, we brought our total catch for the morning
up to thirteen males and one female of lincaris and two males
of charadraca. From July 3, when we first saw the creek, to
July 8, the water had fallen about eight inches and had ceased
to flow above ground, though there was doubtless a continued
flow through the gravel which forms the stream bed. Davis
Creek is one of the very few undredged creeks in Wells County,
but Eight Mile Creek, of which it is an a affluent, has been
deeply dredged and into its lowered basin the water in Davis
Creek is readily drained through the underlying sand and -ravel.
With this catch before us, we planned a killing for the next
Sunday, July 10. Eli Captain, master catcher of Macromias,
was enlisted and Saturday night he. Arch Cook, Jesse William-
son and I spent another night at Scttlemeyer's barn. Sunday

204

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[July, '22

morning came clear and cloudless and we were at the Creek
before 4.30 a. m. At 4.45 a. m. the only female of charadraea
any of us ever saw was seen ovipositing, and two of us, suffer-
ing from Somatochlora fever, in turn missed fair strokes at her.
But that morning Somatochloras were very rare, and though the
lour of us collected diligently until after 10 a. m., a later
hour than we had found it possible to remain on other days,
we got a total of only three males and one female of lincaris
and two males of charadraea. Possibly the following record
of temperatures, and possibly the lower humidity of the morn-
ing of July 10, will explain the relative scarcity of individuals
on that date. As the minimum temperature each day was from
4 to 6 a. m., no other tabulation of early morning temperatures
is given. The temperatures are from a registering thermometer
at The Wells County Bank at Bluffton. Probably at Davis
Creek the minimums fell slightly lower, but the record is accur-
ate enough for our purpose. If temperature is not the cause
of the difference in the activity of these dragonflies, I can offer
no other suggestion. It is an unfortunate fact that after twenty
years I am still unable to predict a good day for Macromias
on the Wabash River.

Date, 1921

Maximum*

Minimum*

At 6
p.m.*

Morning

Somato-
chloras

from about
5-9 a.m.

Saturday, July 2.. .

95° 5 P.m.
95° 2 p.m.

63° 5-6 a. in.
73° 5 a.m.

93°
84<a

Monday, July 4

96° 3 p.m.

74° 5 a.m.

9°

Clear

Manx-

Tuesday, July 5

98° 4-5 p m.

74° 5 a m.

94°

Wednesday, July 6.

99° 4 p.m.

75° 4 a.m.

95°

Hazy

Many

Thursday, July 7...
Friday July 8

100° 45 p.m.
93° 3 p.m.

76° 5 6 a.m
77° 3-6 a.m.

97°
Si°

Thunderstorm,

Verv

Saturday, July 9.. .

87° 4 p.m.

69° 5-6 a.m.

86°

Sunday, July 10 . . .

86° 2 p.m.

68° 4-6 n.m.

81°

Clear

Rare

* Temperatuie, Fahrenheit scale.

During our collecting trips, we had several opportunities
to observe females of linearis ovipositing. This always took
place in fine gravel and sand at or near the water's edge where
the water was very shallow, usually at a ripple. The females

y \\iii. '22 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205

flew back and forth a few inches above- the ground, frequently
striking with the end of their abdomens. In no case did they
alight. The spots selected were a few days later merely damp
sand more or less distant from the water which had ceased
to flow. The single female of charadraca seen ovipositing was
flying back and forth tapping her abdomen on a damp clay
surface at the edge of the creek and about a foot above the
water. Occasionally a Somatochlora will fly along, striking the
water with its abdomen and rarely throwing itself into the
water, but in every case where positive observation was pos-
sible these individuals were males. The males at the creek
spend their time beating back and forth, at an elevation of
two or three feet, over the sandy spots where the females
oviposit. Having examined one of these spots they may fly
away a short distance to return at once, or, more probably, they
fly swiftly up or down the creek to another similar ovipositing
site. They frequently leave the creek and disappear upward
among the trees. The males of llnearis were never observed
fighting, but on two occasions two males of charadraca were
observed to fly at each other and fall to the ground in a rough
and tumble scrimmage. In flying the creek, males of charadraca
habitually fly at a lower level than males of lincaris.

At three different times, at sunny openings among the trees
over or near the creek, three to five Somatochloras, apparently
both species, were seen hawking lazily back and forth at an
elevation of twenty to thirty feet. These I think were certainly
recently emerged individuals. I made several efforts, both in
the mornings and afternoons, to locate Somatochloras in adja-
cent fields, pastures and brush lots, examining a considerable
number of likely-looking habitats, but I never saw a Soma-
tochlora in these places. Kven during early imaginal life they
do not seem to wander from the bit of woods wlu-rr thry live
as larvae. Observations Arch Cook and I made in Tennessee
indicate- tlii^ is not true of tcncbrosa which we- found living
along roads and over fields at the edges of woods.

On July 27, Arch Cook, Jesse \Yilliamson and I paid the
final visit, of the seasori to the creek, when.' we arrived about
5 a. in. after slevping in Sc-ttlemeyer's barn. \Ye found the

206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty, '22

water level greatly lowered and in the entire Shoup woods
there were only four small pools remaining. The fine gravel
or sand ripples where females of linear is had been observed
ovipositing were now many of them entirely dry, in one case
at least to a distance of two inches below the surface. The
clay flat where charadraca was ovipositing seventeen days
before was dry and hard, and, like the sand and gravel bars,
far from any water. Mr. Settlemeyer told us that these small
streams usually begin to flow again in September.

At 5.30 a. m. a female of llncaris was observed ovipositing
by tapping the abdomen in almost dry sand in a low stretch
in the creek bed. She scattered her eggs at intervals over an
area about four to six feet wide and twenty to thirty feet long.
She was captured and represented the day's catch, though half
an hour later a male was seen, but he was hurrying down the
dry creek bed. No other specimens were seen. The imaginal
life of the two species, llncaris and charadraca in northern
Indiana, is thus about thirty days or a little more, including
the last few days of June and practically the entire month of
July. Their period of ovipositing coincides with the time of
rapidly falling water level in the creek, thus exposing suc-
cessive clay banks and fine gravel bars on which the eggs are
placed while the surface is moist, thus insuring the distribution
of eggs over practically the entire creek bed. Oviposition was
observed only where the forest, a heavy second growth mostly
of white elm, lay on both creek banks. Somatochloras were
not observed where one bank was cleared and the other wooded.

Associated with the two Somatochloras were a very few
Boycria vinosa, less than half a dozen being seen, and many
Caloptcry.v maculata. No other dragonflies were on the
wooded parts of the creek. Perhaps the most obvious differ-
ence to be noticed in collecting dragonflies in Indiana and in
the American tropics, is the great di (Terence in the amount of
odonate life on small woodland streams. On Davis Creek, for
example, there are only two dragonflies besides the two Soma-
tochloras, and these two are widely distributed, though with
pretty definite habitat preferences, while the two Somatochloras
alone seem to be confined entirely to the creek. I can call 10

XXXJii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207

mind half a dozen little streams in the tropics, similar in si/.e
and general character to Davis Creek, and at once I recall a
dozen species which made the ripples flash with color, or which
sat motionless on dead twig tips on the darkest stretches of the
creeks, giving life and vivacity to a somber forest. No such
wealth of odonate life exists on Davis Creek where individuals
are as rare as species, except for occasional assemblages of
Caloptcry.v niacitlata. Frequently at sunrise individuals of this
species were seen resting inertly on leaves with all four wings
spread flat.

Undescribed Crane-flies from Argentina (Tipulidae,

Dipt.) Part V.

By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Urbana, Illinois.

The types of the novelties described in this paper are pre-
served in the collection of the writer through the great kind-
ness of Dr. Bruch and Senor Weiser, to whom my thanks are
due.

Dicranomyia omissivena sp. n.

General coloration whitish yellow ; antcnnal flagellum brown ; wings
whitish subhyaline, veins pale; Sc long, cell 1st M2 open by the
atrophy of the outer deflection of Af3.

$ . — 'Length 4.2 mm. ; wing 5.4 mm. 9 . — Length 4.8 mm. ; wing
6 mm. Rostrum and palpi pale. Antennae with the scapal segments
pale yellow, the flagellum gradually darkening into brown. Head pale
yellow.

Mesonotum pale whitish yellow without darker markings. Pleura
whitish yellow with slight green reflexions. Halteres pale whitish
yellow. Legs pale whitish yellow with only the terminal tarsal seg
ments dark brown.

Wings whitish subhyaline; veins pale. Venation: Sc long, Scl ending-
opposite or just beyond midlength of Rs, Sc2 at tip of Sc\ ; Rs about
twice the deflection of A'4+5; cell l.v/ .1/2 open by the atrophy of the
outer deflection of .1/3; petiole of cell 2nd M2 shorter than the cell;
K-isal deflection of Cu} close to the fork of .!/.

Abdomen whitish, the segments with greenish reflexions.

Habitat : 'Argentina. llolotyfc. S, (Juehrada Knmriillu,
Ttu-unian, altitude 1600 meters, October 1(>. 1'PO ( V. Weiser),

c, 9. rarutoptityl'cs. 3 6$.

208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '22

Geranomyia (Geranomyia) gaudens sp. n.

General coloration of the thorax gray; halteres yellowish at base,
the knohs brown ; wings subhyaline, handsomely spotted and clouded
with brown and gray, this including a series of four brown subcostal
spots; Sc long, cell 1st i\I2 closed; basal deflection of Cnl before the
fork of M.

$. — Length (excluding rostrum) 8.6 mm.; wing 10.5 mm. 9. —
Length (excluding rostrum) 7.5-8 mm.; wing 8.8-9 mm.; rostrum
4.5-4.7 mm.

Rostrum elongate, the paraglossae beyond the palpi partly lost ;
when entire, the rostrum would extend to at least one-third the length
of the abdomen, dark brown, the palpi concolorous. Antennae dark
brown, the flagellum broken. Front and anterior part of the vertex
with a golden-yellow pollen; remainder of vertex dark brown, the
broad median area and a narrow border adjoining the eyes more
grayish.

Pronotum gray, the lateral margins obscure yellow. Mesonotal prae-
scutum dark gray with three lighter gray stripes, the median one of
which is bisected anteriorly by a line of the ground color; scutum
light gray, the lobes dark gray; scutellum reddish, gray pruinose :
postnotum gray. Pleura brown, gray pruinose ; dorso-pleural membrane
obscure huffy-yellow. Halteres white, the knobs dark brown, the base
of the stem yellowish.

Legs with the coxae yellow, the outer face infuscated. this including
nearly the basal half of the fore coxae, a large area on the middle
coxae and a slight cloud on the posterior coxae ; trochanters yellow ;
remainder of legs broken except the basal half of the posterior femora
which are testaceous.

Wings subhyaline, handsomely spotted and clouded with brown and
gray; stigma brown; a series of four dark brown areas in the sub-
costal cell, the third at the origin of Rs, the last at 5V2; cord and outer
end of cell 1st M2 seamed with brown ; conspicuous gray clouds in eel!
R beneath the brown subcostal spots, before the ends of the outer
radial cells, at the ends of both anal veins and in the anal angle of the
wing ; veins pale, brown in the darkened areas. Venation : Sc long,
Scl ending about opposite midlength of Rs, Sc2 at tip of Scl ; a super-
numerary crossvein in cell 5Y; Rs long, angulated and slightly spurred
at origin; r more than its length from the tip of R\: r-m obliterated
by contact of the long deflection of R4 + 5 on ,1/1+2; in only about
one-third to one-fourth of the outer deflection of Af 3 ; basal deflection
of C'A at about one-third its length before the fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown, the pleural appendages of the hypopygium ob-
scure orange.

Habitat: Argentina. Holotypc, $, San Pedro de Colalao,
Tucumun, altitude 2500 meters, January 28, 1921 (V. Weiser).

xxxiii, '221 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209

Allot\pc, 9 , Caspinchango, Catamarca, altitude 2500 meters,
March 28, 1921 (V. Weiser). Paralyse, 9, with the allotype,
March 2, 1921.

The female is entirely similar to the male. The femora are
yellow with a conspicuous, dark brown, suhterminal ring.

Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) complicata sp. n.

General coloration dark brownish gray ; wings tinged with hrown.
the extreme base paler in both sexes ; m short or obliterated ; male
hypopygium with the outer pleural appendage bifid at apex, the lower
arm bearing two long, chitinized teeth.

$ . — Length about 3.6 mm ; wing about 3.2 mm. 9 . — Length 3.5-4
mm. ; wing 3.6-4.2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae with the scapal seg-
ments brownish black; flagellum slightly paler brown; flagellar seg-
ments subglobular. Head dark brownish gray with a sparse bloom.

Mesonotum dark brownish gray, the usual three praescutal stripes a
little darker hrown but very poorly defined. Pleura brownish gray.
Halteres light yellow. Legs black, the femoral bases in some cases a
little paler, in other cases the femora nearly uniform throughout.

Wings with a brownish tinge, the extreme base paler, this including
the cells proximad of arculus ; veins brown. Venation : 5Y1 ending
about opposite two-fifths the length of Rs, Sc2 near midlcngth of the
distance between the origin of Rs and the tip of Scl ; r a short distance
beyond the fork of M; cell 1st M2 closed; m short to lacking, cell
2nd M2 in some cases being short-petiolate ; basal deflection of Cul
a short distance beyond the fork of M.

Abdomen dark brownish black. Male hypopygium generally similar
to that in R. basnHs, but the outer pleural appendage much more com-
plex, appearing as a narrow arm that is expanded apically and here
deeply bifid, the lower branch being chitinized and deeply notched
apically, the outer edge of this notch produced into two long, blackened
teeth, the margins of the notch feebly denticulate ; inner pleural ap-
pendage much longer and stouter than in basalts, only a little shorter
than the outer pleural appendage. The digitiform lobe on the inner
face of each pleurite is stouter than in basalts. Ovipositor with the
valves horn-colored.

Habitat: Argentina. Holotypc, $, Masao, Catamarca, alti-
tude 2500 meters, February 10, 1921 (V. Weiser). Allotype,
9 , Caspinchango, Catamarca, altitude 2500 meters, February
23, 1921 (V. Weiser). l\iratop»t\pcs, 5 9 's.

Rhabdomastix complicata is allied to R. basalts Alex. (Ar-
gentina), but is readily told by' the darker coloration, the al-
most uniform wings in both sexes and the complex male hypo-
pygium.

210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS f Jllly, '22

Tipula amoenicornis sp. n.

General coloration dull yellow ; antennae elongate, bicolorous, the
basal enlargement of the segments dark brown, the remainder yellow :
wings with a strong yellowish brown tinge, cells C and Sc more sat-
urated ; abdomen reddish orange with a conspicuous black subterminal
ring.

$ .- — Length 12.5 mm. ; wing 12.3 mm. Frontal prolongation of the
head brownish yellow, the palpi concolorous, with the terminal seg-
ments darker. Antennae elongate, if bent backward extending to
beyond the base of the abdomen; scapal segments obscure yellow;
flagellar segments bicolorous, obscure yellow, the basal enlargement of
each segment dark brown except at the extreme base; terminal flagel-
lar segments broken. Head obscure brownish yellow.

Mesonotum dull brownish yellow without markings, the posterior
sclerites more testaceous. Pleura yellowish testaceous. Halteres pale,
the knobs faintly darker. Legs with the coxae and trochanters light
yellow ; remainder of the legs pale yellowish brown, only the tarsi
passing into dark brown.

Wings with a strong yellowish brown tinge, the base and cells C
and Sc more saturated ; stigma small, oval, brown ; a conspicuous oblit-
erative area before the stigma, reappearing across the base of cell 1st
M2 ; veins dark brown. Venation : Rs short, arcuated beyond mid-
length ; cell 2nd Rl very small; parallel-sided; tip of R2 preserved;
cell A/1 about twice the length of its petiole; cell 1st .1/2 narrowed
distally, ;;; being about two-thirds the basal deflection of A/1 +2; m-cu
elongate.

Abdomen conspicuous reddish orange ; conspicuous black areas on
lateral margins of tergites two, three and four ; a conspicuous black
ring including all of segment seven and all of eight except the broad
posterior margin of the eighth sternite. Male hypopygium with all
the sclerites separate, the ninth pleurite large. Caudal margin of the
ninth tergite with a shallow V-shaped notch, the mesal margins of the
lobes densely hairy ; ventro-median portion of the tergite at the apex
of the notch produced into a pendulous, bilobed appendage that is
densely hairy. Pleural appendage flattened, the apex narrowly mar-
gined with black, at the base on the outer face a conspicuous blackened
lobe that is microscopically spinulose. Ninth sternite extensive, the
median portion filled with membrane, at the caudal margin of which
hangs a very conspicuous, median, elongate, slender, hairy lobe that is
split at the apex into two small, digitiform appendages. Eighth sternite
unarmed.

Habitat : Argentina. Holotypc, <3 , San Pedro de Colalao,
Tucuman, altitude 2500 meters, January 27, 1921 (V. Weiser).

XXXJii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211

Notes on the Distribution and Synonymy of Some
Species of Pterophoridae (Lepid.)

By A. W. LINDSEY, M.S.. Ph.D., Sioux City, Iowa.

Four months have elapsed between the publication of the
Pterophoridae of America, North of Mexico and the writing
of this paper, yet in that short time a number of interesting
data have been, added to our knowledge of this family. These
data have been derived from three sources, viz., some notes on
synonymy very kindly communicated by Mr. Edward Meyrick,
a considerable number of specimens from British Columbia
submitted by Mr. E. H. P>lackmore for identification, and two
specimens — yet a remarkable catch — which were the only
Pterophoridae secured by the writer after his removal to Sioux
City in the fall of 1921.

Mr. Meyrick's notes are placed at the end of the paper.
Credit for them is due entirely to their author, who states in a
letter of October 27, 1921, that they are to be published in
The Entomologist. They are included here by his permission,
in order that they may be more readily available to lepidop-
terists on this side of the Atlantic, and are quoted without
change, aside from a few omissions, and without criticism.
The writer would suggest, however, that it can do no harm
and may do some good if anyone with both exotic and indi-
genous material will check these conclusions, especially by an
examination of the male genitalia. While it is certain that the
utility of these structures is limited, they are frequently con-
clusive.

For the successful use of genitalia in classification the fol-
lowing rules are a useful guide :

1. Study complete genitalia, not merely the valves.

2. Genitalia are subject to variation, in form within the spe-
cies. A striking example is that of Hcspcria tesscllata Scud.,
including occidentalis Skinner.

3. Conspicuous differences between the genitalia of speci-
mens or series indicate that they belong to different species.
If only slight differences exist they may indicate specific dis-
tinctness, but in such cases it is necessary to prove by the exam-

212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '22

ination of series from various localities that the differences
are constant.

4. Distinct species may possess genitalia indistinguishable
from each other. Example: Oidaematophorus homodactyhis
Wlk. and O. clliottii Fern.

TRICHOPTILUS PYGMAEUS Wlsm. A single fragmentary specimen from
Wellington, British Columbia, June 30, seems to belong here.

PLATYPTILIA TESSERADACTYLA Linn. One $ , Princeton, British Colum-
bia, June 20, confirms the occurrence of this species in British
Columbia. A second specimen from Vernon, B. C, sent in by Mr.
Blackmore, is much browner than any other North American
specimen seen by the writer. It is quite like European specimens.

STENOPTIUA MENGELI Fern. One specimen from Mt. McLean, British
Columbia, 5000 ft., Aug. This specimen is much paler than the
Greenland type series, and even paler than the single Colorado
specimen mentioned in the Rci'ision, due to the paler gray shade
and the more extensive pale over-scaling on the inner part of the
primaries. The costal lobe has an evident dark dash and the dot
at the base of the cleft is conspicuous. This specimen extends
the known range of the species remarkably, and strengthens the
writer's belief, as expressed in the Revision, that it may prove to
be circumpolar.

OIDAEMATOPHORUS occiDENTALis Wlsm. Two specimens. Vavenby,
July 25, and Fort Steele, both British Columbia, August 15.

O. MATHEWIANUS Zell. Specimens from Kaslo, Mt. McLean and
Lillooet, British Columbia, Aug., are much whiter than California!!
specimens, with no discernible brownish shades.

O. GRISESCENS Wlsm. Kaslo, British Columbia, August.

O. FIELDI Wright. Two rather faded specimens from Atlin, British
Columbia, appear to belong here. They check by both genitalia
and superficial characters, excepting the rather dull brown color,
and only the remarkable extension of range suggests any uncer-
tainty.

O. PHOERUS B. & L. Another British Columbia specimen taken at
Kaslo, June 22, 1910, confirms the occurrence of the species this
far north.

O. FISHII Fern. One 9, Sioux City, Iowa, Sept. 3, 1921. An excellent
specimen which seems referable only to this species, but it is as
dark as California males. With the possible Manitoba record
mentioned in the Rci'ision, it suggests that the species may b^
found to range well to the north, becoming darker in higher lati-
tudes.

O. IOBATES B. & L. One 9, Sioux City, Iowa, Sept., 1921. This speci-
men extends the range of the species quite unexpectedly, but it is

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213

so nearly normal and perfect as to leave no doubt of its identity.
The record is quite in keeping with others made in this region.

O. HELLIANTHI Wlsm. One $ , South Fork Kaslo Creek, British Co-
lumbia, August 10, 1903. This may be the same specimen listed
with doubt by Dr. Dyar (Proc. U. S. N. M., xxvii, 924, 1904).

O. BALANOTES Meyrick. Mr. F. H. Benjamin sent specimens to the
museum at Decatur which were reared at Landon, Mississippi,
Aug. 7, 1921, from larvae boring in the stems of "Myreca"
(Myrlcaf). No doubt either Mr. Benjamin or Mr. L. E. Miles,
who reared the specimens, will be able to furnish an account of the
life history later.

Mr. Mey rick's remarks on synonymy are as follows :

"Platyftilia crcnulata is a synonym of brachymorpha Meyr.
(Africa, S. Asia, Ceylon, Hawaii) ; quite certain, your figure
is very characteristic.

"PlatyptUia inannarodactyla Dyar is a synonym of fnsci-
cornis Zell., common in South America and Hawaii ; I have
many specimens from Hawaii, Peru, etc., and there is no ques-
tion about it. Also I note that one of Walsingham's figures of
cosnwdactyla (Pter. Cal. Oreg., pi. ii, 4) (not the other two)
is certainly this species, the different position of the scaletuft
of hindwings and other characteristics being accurately given.

"Ptcrophorus (Oidaematoplwrus} linns is a synonym of
licnigianns Zell. (Europe, Africa, India, Ceylon, S. America) ;
I am very familiar with this species, which is common in
India and Africa, and there is no doubt about it.

"Orneodes (Alncita] montana is in my opinion ... a syno-
nym of hiirbneri Wall. (Europe, throughout Africa, and
Kashmir)." Mr. Meyrick also adds a discussion of the char-
acters which lead him to the last conclusion.

Quite in keeping with the writer's private views, Mr. Mey-
rick expresses the belief that PlatyptUia shastac and frac/ilis
Wlsm. are synonyms of albida Wlsm. It may be added that
Mr. Meyrick's knowledge of marmarodactyla Dyar and mon-
tana Ckll. is based in part upon authentic specimens sent from
the museum at Decatur, part of the material used in the prep-
aration of the Revision. The remaining synonymies are ap-
parently deduced In mi the descriptions and figures included in
the Revision.

214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '22

Further Biological and Systematic Notes Concerning

Bremus kincaidii Ckll. and Other Closely Related

Species (Hym., Bombidae).

By THEODORE H. PRISON, Urbana, Illinois.

In a recent article on the Hymenopterous Insects of the
Family Brcmidac from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, published
in Volume XII, Number 14, Fourth Series, Proceedings of
the California Academy of Sciences, I list a queen and a
worker of Brcmns (Bonibus) kincaidii (Ckll.) from St. Paul
Island. Because of the rareness of this species in collections
and our lack of biological data concerning the same, it seems
advisable to record in addition five adults and two pupae. These
specimens were sent me for study too late for the data to be
included in the article just cited. Two of the five adults are
queens, two are workers and one is a male, all collected on St.
Paul Island on August 10, 1920, by Dr. G. Dallas Hanna. The
two queen pupae were collected on the same date and at the
same locality as the adults.

The presence O'f the male and two queen pupae, in the lot
of bumblebees last received from the Pribilof Islands, enables
me to extend somewhat my previous biological remarks about
this species. One of the queens collected on August 10 is in
perfect condition, indicating that she was produced the same
season as collected. That August 10 is not too early a date
at which to expect the new queens of this species is evidenced
by the fact that the two queen pupae taken on this date are
in an advanced stage of development, and further that a male
was captured at the same time. There is every reason to
believe that in the far northern latitudes, as well as in the
more temperate regions of North America, the males do not
hibernate during the winter as do the impregnated queens.
The time of appearance of the sexes is usually well correlated,
though it is true the males often show a tendency to appear in
advance of the new queens. The early production of males
and queens and the formation of small-sized colonies were noted
in my paper as phenomena to be expected in the life-histories
of bumblebees, which inhabit far northern latitudes. Friese,
in Fauna Arctica, 1902, V. 2, p. 490, has advanced the idea

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 215

that in the cold regions B, kirbyellus (Curtis) and B. liypcr-
borcus (Schonherr) in some instances apparently produce only
queens and males, a condition characteristic of solitary bees.

B re ni us kincaidii is also interesting from a systematic stand-
point, as it belongs to a boreal group of bumblebees (Kirbyellus
Group Franklin) which presents many classificatory difficulties.
Franklin has suggested that this species may eventually prove
to be a "color variant or subspecies of strcnuiis or polaris."
Through the kindness of Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., the writer
has had the privilege of comparing Brcmns kincaidii with the
type specimens of Brcmns strcniius (Cress.) and a series of
Brcmns polaris (Curtis) contained in the collection of the
American Entomological Society at Philadelphia.

As a result of this study I am forced to the conviction that
B. kincaidii, B. strcnuus and B. polaris are distinct species.
An examination of the genitalia of B. kincaidii bears out the
close relationship existing between all three species, particularly
its affinity with B. polaris. The inner spatha of B. kincaidii
has the general shape of the same structure in B. polaris as
delineated by Sladen (1919) and Franklin (1913). In the
specimen of B. kincaidii before me, the lateral margins of
the triangular-shaped apex of this structure are much straighter
than in B. polaris. In this last-named species, the lateral
margins of the triangular-shaped apex are inclined to be more
or less curved inward. The setae occurring on the inner spatha
are also more restricted to the tip and lateral margins of the
apex in B. kincaidii than in B. polaris. In B. polaris these
setae are more evenly distributed over the entire tip of the
triangular-shaped apex. Furthermore, in B. kincaidii the setae
do not extend to the two parallel, longitudinal lines or more
strongly chitinized areas, as is the case in B. polaris. The
claspers of B. polaris and B. kincaidii are almost identical. The
male of B. kincaidii collected by Dr. Hanna has the apical dorsal
abdominal segments predominantly black, whereas in B. polaris
these segments are normally ferruginous or have a large amount
of light-colored hairs. B. kincaidii is also less robust than B.
polaris, judging by the spc-cimens I have studied.

An examination of the genitalia of the al'otype male of B.

216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS f July, '22

strcnitus proves this species to be distinct from both B. polaris
and B. kincaidii. Unfortunately museum pests have injured
the internal abdominal structures of this male, but enough of
the gen.italia and inner spatha remain to establish the validity
of the species. The apex of the inner spatha of B. strenuns
does not end in a conspicuous triangular projection. Instead
it is somewhat blunt and trilobed, the central lobe being larger
than either of the two lateral lobes. In some respects the
inner spatha is similar in outline to Sladen's figure of the inner
spatha of B. neoborciis (Sladen), a species recently described
from Bernard Harbour, Northwest Territories, in the Report
<>i the Canadian Arctic Expedition. In this latter species, how-
ever, the lateral angles of the apex of the inner spatha are
sharply pointed and the extreme apex or middle portion is
blunt and slightly curved inward.

The shape of the inner spatha of B. kincaidii distinctly sep-
arates it from B. hyperboreus and B. kirbycllits, the only other
described American species of the Kirbyellus Group not already
discussed in the systematic portion of this paper.

The University of Michigan- Williamson Expedition to Brazil.

The expedition remained at Villa Martinho (see this volume of the
NEWS, page 186) until April 9, when they went by launch upstream to
Villa Bella, Bolivia, on the point of land at the junction of the Beni
and Mamore rivers to form the Madeira, and thence four hours up the
Rio Beni to Cashuela Espcranza. This little town of 200 to 300 people
is in the Provincia de Vaca Diez, Bolivia, at the falls of the Rio Beni.
It is the headquarters of Suarez Brothers, the rubber kings of the dis-
trict, and due to their wealth the town has a good hotel, ice plant, elec-
tric light plant, etc. ; it is built on granite rocks on the right bank of the
river. The falls were about 7 feet high at the time of the party's visit;
they are said to be 15 feet high when the stream is at low water. On
April 12 it was noted that the Beni had fallen about 7 teet liom tlm
year's high water mark.

At Villa Martinho on March 31, it is recorded that "little gnats, sand
Hies and other pestiferous insects abounded." Wasps, bees and spiders
were abundant in the woods at Cashuela Esperanza on April 12 and
following days. From the latter place collections were made also along
the Yata river trail. On April 15, Mr. J. H. Williamson was taken
with malaria, wherefore he went down stream to Candelaria where is a
hospital in which he recovered in about ten days. Returning to Porto
Velho collecting was resumed on April 25. Both at Villa Martinho and
at Cashuela Esperanza there was much rain. On April 25 their Odonata
were estimated at 50'.)S specimens of 128 species. (From Mr. Jesse
H. Williamson's letters and "log.")

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JULY, 1922.

On Firing Shot.

One of the most interesting addresses, presidential or other-
wise, which we have read for a long while is that entitled The
Factor of Safety in Research, by the President of the Michigan
Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, published in Science
lor May 12, 1922. Those who enjoyed it, as we did, will
recall that a thesis maintained was :

The training- of young investigators on a diet of insignificant prob-
lems is not inevitably fatal and may even be beneficial.

[Again:! The principle of this method is one which has been widely
adopted in other affairs of life and has been found good. Firing a
whole cartridge full of shot in order that one ball may bring down
the game is a recognized principle of the huntsman. Is the remaining
shot wasted ? It is. Is the system which uses cartridges of shot, most
of which is wasted, an uneconomical one? Any hunter will tell you
it is not. The bullets of a machine gun are mostly wasted, but the
system as a whole insures hitting the mark.

But if we have been trained on this method — and we do not
presume to suggest a better — that is no reason why we should
be content with thereafter wasting many shot in our marks-
manship. There are those who take up one little problem after
another, as such chance their way, without apparently looking
into the future to form an opinion whether such chance re-
search will ever lead to the solution of some larger question
of pure or applied knowledge. It is surely better for each one
to consider the possibility of his mastering some broader
problem and of directing his continued efforts thereto through
the years which may be his for research.

On the Types of Gnamptonychia ventralis, B. & L., a Correction

(Lepid., Arctiidae).

In the original description of Gnamptonychia ventralts, B. & !_,., IS^i,
Entomological News, xxxii, 297, instead of "two paratypcs 9," read

"two paralypes $ ."

WM. BARNES and F. H. BENJAMIN.

217

218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '22

Notes and Ne^vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF

THE GLOBE

A Braconid Feeding by Indirect Suction (Hym.).

Many notes have been published during the last few years on the
feeding of parasitic Hymenoptera at the puncture hole made by the
ovipositor ; but B. Trouvelot, in the C. R. Soc. de Biologic, December
3, 1921, has published a note which brings in a new feature. The
American Braconid, Habrobracon johansenni Vier., has been sent over
to France by the Bureau of Entomology for the purpose of securing1
its establishment there, since it is a parasite of the potato tuber moth.
It lays its egg in the larva of this moth after the latter has made its
cocoon, and this cocoon is naturally considerably larger than the larva ;
therefore, when the parasite lays its egg by thrusting its ovipositor
through the silken cocoon it is not able to feed at the puncture.
Trouvelot finds that when the Habrobracon, standing on the silken
cocoon, has thrust its ovipositor through the skin of the caterpillar it
secretes from the extremity of its abdomen a mucilaginous tube, which
hardens; then, after the ovipositor is withdrawn, the Braconid sucks
the juices of its host through this tube.

My attention to this interesting communication was drawn by a note
which Doctor Feytaud has published in the Rci'uc dc Zooloyic Agricolc
et Appliquce (Bordeaux, January, 1922, p. 18). Doctor Feytaud adds
that J. L- IJchtenstein has noticed a similar procedure with Habrocytus
cionicida, a Chalcidid parasite of Clonus thapsi.

A similar habit will surely be found among the parasitic Hymen-
optera in this! country, and the object in sending this note to Entomo-
logical Neil's is to ask its readers to watch for such cases.-— L. O.
HOWARD.

The Kiangsu Bureau of Entomology.

The Bureau of Entomology, Kiangsu Province, National Southeastern
University, College of Agriculture, Nanking, China, has been organ-
ized with the following staff : Charles William Woodworth, Director
and Chief Entomologist; Goey Park Jung- and C. Francis Wu, Ento-
mologists; H. S. Chang, Entomologist and Curator; Huan-cjuang En,
Secretary and Editor ; Fo-ching Woo, Tsong-ling Tsou, Chi-yeu Wang,
We-i Young, Laboratory Assistants ; M. S. Chang, Pai-han Wang,
Clerks.

The Bureau is fitting up a houseboat 48x11 as a floating laboratory for
its field investigations. It will provide living quarters for four Ento-
mologists and four sailors. The canals in this province will make it
possible to take this laboratory within easy walking distance of every
farm. There will be a motor boat to tow and tend the houseboat.

The Bureau has undertaken the control of the flies and mosquitoes

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21()

in co-operation with the city health^ department which contributes the
funds and the services of twenty police olhccrs. Seventeen stiulents of
the Southeastern University also lake part in the campaign.

The Bureau has just begun the publication ol a semi-monthly Bulle-
tin which will be devoted largely to recording the distribution and
injuries done by insect pests in China and each number will contain one
or more articles on some phase of Economic Entomology.

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
1 1. 1111.1, iny. Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Einto-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 5 — Psyche, Cam-
bridge, Mass. 8 — The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, London.
10 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C.
11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 16 — The
Lepidopterist, Salem, Mass. 20 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomolo-
gique de France, Paris. 21 — The Entomologist's Record, London.
33 — Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels.
36 — Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 42 — En-
tomologiske Meddelelser udgivne af Entomologisk Forening, Kjo-
benhavn. 50 — Proceedings of the United States National Museum.
67 — Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 68 — Science, Garrison on the
Hudson, N. Y. 71 — Novitates Zoologicae, Tring, England. 89—
Zoologische Jahrbucher, Jena. 90 — The American Naturalist, Lan-
caster, Pa. 91 — The Scientific Monthly, Lancaster, Pa. 95 — Annales
des Sciences Naturelles, Paris, Zoolog'ie. 98 — Annals of Tropical
Medicine and Parasitology, Liverpool. 102 — Broteria. Re-vista
Lusco Brazileira. Serie Zoologica, Braga. Ill — Archiv fur Natur-
gcschichte, Berlin.

GENERAL. Bainbrigge Fletcher, T.— Setting without boards.
(Proc. Fourth Ent. Meet. 1'usa, 334-5.) Felt, E. P.— Bugs and
antennae. 68, Iv, ,V2S-:i(). Harmer, S. F. — Experiments on the fading
of museum specimens. (Museum Jour. London, xxi, 205-22.) Hew-
lett, F. M. -Tlie practical application of insect psychology. (Proc.

220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '22

Fourth Ent. Meet., Pusa, 368-80.) Merle, R. — Animaux veninieux
et venins. (La Nature, 1, 225-9.) O'Donoghue, C. H. — A prelim-
inary survey of the biota of a sand spit in Lake Winnipeg. (Cana-
dian Field-Nat., xxxv, 121-31.) Sladen, F. W. L.— Obituary. 8,
Iviii, 111-13. Tavares, J. S. — Cecidologia Brazileira as restantes fanii-
lias. 102, Zool., xx, 5-48. Wheeler, W. M. — Social life among in-
sects. 91, xiv, 497-524. Note — In 36, 1921, Part 5, there are a
number of articles on the behavior of several orders of insects which
may prove of interest.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Donisthorpe, H.— On some
abnormalities in ants. 21, xxxiv, 81-5. Forbes, W. T. M. — Fugitive
net-veining in the cicada. 90, Ivi, 191-2. Goffer je, M. — Uber den
einfluss verschiedener salze auf die entwicklungsdauer von Culex
pipiens, und auf das verhalten dcr Culex-larven wahrend der sub-
mersion. 89, xxxix, Abt. f. Zool. 195-300. Hayes, W. P. — The ex-
ternal morphology of Lachnosterna crassissima. (Trans. Amer.
Microsc. Soc., xli, 1-28.) Hewlett, F. M. — Protective movements
and range of vision in platypezid flies. (Pro. Fourth Ent. Meet.,
Pusa, 279-86.) Lutz & Richtmyer — The reaction of Drosophila to
ultraviolet. .68, Iv, 519. Sparck, R. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der
Chironomiden-metamorphose, I-IV. 42, xiv, 32-48 (cont.) Stumper,
R. — Le venin des fourmis en particulier 1'acide formique. 95, v,
105-12. Welch, P. S. — The respiratory mechanism in certain aquatic
lepidoptera. (Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc., xli, 29-50.)

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Chamberlin, R. V.— A new Lithobiid of
the genus Paobius. 4, liv, 47-8.

NEUROPTERA. Banks, N.— South Am. Glenurus and some
other Myrmeleonidae. 4, liv, 58-60. Holland, W. J. — Calopteryx
maculata, an interesting photograph. 10, xxiv, 117-8.

ORTHOPTERA. Caudell, A. N.— Report on Orthoptera and
Dermaptera collected by the Barbados-Antigua expedition from the
University of Iowa in 1918. (LIniv. Iowa Studies, x, 19-14.) Cor-
kins, C. L. — Notes on the migration of Melanoplus atlanis in north-
ern North Dakota in 1920. 4, liv, 1-4.

HEMIPTERA. Champion, G. C.— Miridae (Capsidae) common
to Britain and N. America. 8, Iviii, 109. Hussey, R. F. — Notes on
Neottiglossa trilineata. (Pentatomidae.) 5, xxix, 85-8. Morrison &
Morrison — A redescription of the type species of the genera of Coc-
cidae based on species originally described by Maskell. 50, Ix, Art.
12. Muir, F. — On the genus Elidiptera (Homoptcra). 4, liv. 61.
The Scutelleroidea of the Douglas Lake region. (LIniv. Iowa
Studies, x, 45-65.) Stoner, D. — Report on the Scutelleroidea col-
lected by the Barbados-Antigua expedition from the University of
Iowa in 1918. (Univ. Iowa Studies, x, 3-17.)

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 221

LEPIDOPTERA. Blackmore, E. H.— The Pterophoridac of
British Columbia. (Kept. Prov. Mus. Nat. Hist., Victoria, 1921,
34-45.) Dyar, H. G. — The family position of Platyprepia and other
notes. 4, liv, 20-1. Jordan, K. — On an organ peculiar to the females
of some genera of Ludiinae, a subfamily of Saturniidae. A mono-
graph of the Saturnian subfamily Ludiinae. 71, xxix, 247-8; 249-326.
Prout, L. B. — New and little-known Geometridae. 71, xxix, 327-63.
Rothschild, L. — A preliminary list of the Arctiinae of Para, Brazil,
and a few from other localities. 11, ix, 457-94.

Cassino & Swett — New Geometrids. 16, iii, 159-66. McDunnough,
J. — Undescribed L. in the Canadian Nat. Collection. A further note
on the genus Platyprepia. 4, liv, 34-47; 66.

DIPTERA. Chapais, J. C.— Moustiques, brulots, siimtlies. 67,
xlviii, 221-4. Frey, R. — Studien uber den ban des mindes der nie-
deren diptera schizophora nebst bemerkungen uber die systematik
dieser dipterengruppe. (Acta Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica, xlviii,
No. 3, 246 pp., 1921.) Johnson, C. W. — Notes on distribution and
habits of some of the bird-flies, Hippoboscidae. 5, xxix, 79-85.
Melander, A. L. — Microsania, a genus of the Platypezidae. 5, xxix,
43-48. Newstead, R. — A new species of Phlebotomus from Trinidad.
98, xvi, 47-50. Tothill, J. D. — Note on types of Ernestia. (Tachini-
dae.) 4, liv, 48. Walter, E. — Beitrage zur kenntnis dcr larven von
Hypoderma und Gastrus. 89, xlv, Abt. f. Syst., 587-608.

Aldrich, J. M. — Two-winged flies of the genera Dolichopus and
Hydrophorus .collected in Alaska, with new species of Dolichopus
from North America and Hawaii. 50, Ixi, Art. 25. Curran, C. H.—
New species of Canadian Syrphidae. II. New species of the syr-
,)hid genus Chilosia from Canada. 4, liv, 14-19; 19-20. Greene, C. T.
—Synopsis of the North American flies of the genus Tachytrechus.
50, Ix, Art. 17.

"~COLEOPTERA. Brethes, J.— Notas coleopterologicas. (Revista
Facult. Agron., La Plata, xiv, 163-9.) Fisher, W. S.— Notes on
Agrilus lateralis. 10, xxiv, 124-5. Fleutiaux, E. — Description d'un
genre nouveau et d'un cspece nouvelle de Melasidae. 20, 1922, 7:2.
Kleine, R. — Die geographische verbreitung der Brenthidae. Ill,
1921, A, 10, :',9-132. d'Orchymont, A. — Le genre Tropisternus. II.
(Hydrophilidae.) 33, 1922, 11-18. Sloane, T. G. — On the number of
joints in the antennae of Haliplidac and Patissidae. 36, 1921, 590-1.
Strand, E. — Lepidopterorum catalogus. Pars 26: Arcliidae: Litho-
siinae. Weiss, H. B. — A summary of the food-habits of North
American coleoptera. 90, Ivi, 159-65. Wickham, H. F.-- -Weevils
of the genus Apion injurious to beans in Mexico. 10, xxiv. 118-22.

Blatchley, W. S. — Some new and rare C. from southwestern
Florida. 4, liv, 9-1! (cont.). Calder, E. E.— Xew Cicindelas of the
fulgida group. 4, liv, 62. Hippisley, W. W. — Notes on northern

222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty. '22

Br. Columbian coleoptera. 4, liv, fi.3-6. Liljeblad, E. — A revision of
the N. A. species of Mordella related to M. melaena. 4, liv, 51-5S.

HYMENOPTERA. Caudell, A. N.— A diving wasp. 10, xxiv,
125-6. Crawley, W. C. — Formicidae. — A new species and variety.
21, xxxiv, 85-6. Cushman, R. A. — The identity of Habrobracon bre-
vicornis. 10, xxiv, 122-3. Donisthorpe, H. — Mimicry of ants by
other arthropods. 36, 1<)21, 307-11. The subfamilies of Formicidae.
36, 1921, xl-xlvii. Friese, H.— Eine neue gattung der Urbienen:
Brachyglossa n. g. (Apidae). Eine neue bienengattung aus Sudanie-
rika: Rhinetula (Apidae). 89, xlv, Abt. f. Syst., 577-80; 581-8(1.
Hill, C. C. — A preliminary account of two Serphoid (Proctotrypoid)
parasites of the hessian fly. 10, xxiv, 109-17. Middleton, W.— De-
scription of some N. American sawfly larvae. 50, Ixi, Art. 21. Tay-
lor, L. H. — Notes on the biology of certain wasps of the genus Ancis-
trocerus. 5, xxix, 48-65.

Cushman, R. A. — On the Ashmead manuscript species of Ichneu-
monidae of Mrs. Slosson's Mount Washington lists. 50, Ixi, Art. 8.
Gahan, A. B. — Descriptions of miscellaneous new reared parasitic H.
50, Ixi, Art. 24.

THE PSYCHIC LIFE OF INSECTS by E. L. BOUVIER. Translated by L.
O. HOWARD. Illustrated, New York, The Century Co., 1922. 12 mo.
pp. xvii, 377. 16 figs., $2.00. It is very fitting that this volume by the
Vice President of the Academy of Agriculture of France should be
translated by a Member of the same academy and that the latter in
his preface should sketch the chief biological activities of the author
and the interest which the present work aroused in the translator.
Dr. Howard writes that it is "a broad summary of an interesting field
in which much work has been done by many men of many nations, but
which is as yet almost unexplored. It has interested me enormously,
and I feel sure that it will have the same interest, not only for students
of some one restricted field of biology, but also for all nature-lovers,
especially those to whom the constant question 'why' occurs."

Many of us who knew this work in the original French, before the
publication of Dr. Howard's translation, owed our introduction to it
to Dr. W. M. Wheeler's review in Science for November 13, 1920,
pages 443-446. In view of the existence of that review and its recent
appearance it is not necessary to give here more than the merest out-
line of its contents.

After a brief Introduction the original is divided into a Fundamental
and a Special Part, but although the former appears as a heading
in the translation (page 1), the latter must be sought on page 196. The
Fundamental Part embraces the first nine chapters : I. Directive Action
of Light, Phototropism ; II. The Differential External Stimuli and
the Tropisms which they provoke. III. Vital Rhythms and Organic
Memory. IV. Differential Sensitiveness. V. Differential Sensitiveness,

xxxiii, '22 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 22,^

Species Memory and Simulation of Death. VI. Individual or Asso-
ciative Memory. VII. Spontaneous Modifications of Habits. VIII.
Evolution of Instincts. IX. Comparative Psychology. History of the
Pompilids. The Special Part comprises the following five chapters :
X. Insects and Flowers. XI. The Faculty of Orientation. XII. The
Faculty of Orientation [in] Terrestrial Articulates. XIII. The Divi-
sion of [the] Sexes [in] the Nest-Making Hymenoptera. XIV. The
Social Life of the Articulates and a Conclusion, containing, among
other topics, that interesting comparison between the structural bases
of the psychic life of Vertebrates and Insects respectively which is
largely due to Bergson.

We confess that we can not always extract the same meaning from
the original as the translator has done. We would have written "wake-
fulness," instead of "age," in the last line of page 168. On page 328
we would have preferred "polygynous" and "polygyny" to "polygenous"
and "polygeny," and would have substituted "which the workers some
times produce" for the second line of page 345. On page 342, "Bonnier"
should be "Bugnion."

The translation is improved, in comparison with the original, by the
fuller references to the places of publication of the literature quoted
in the foot notes and by the addition of an index of more than twelve
pages, even though some entries, c. g., trophobiosis, page 334, may have
been omitted therefrom.

That Dr. Howard's translation will add greatly to the available' litera-
ture in English on this entrancing subject is evident and we wish to be
among the first to appreciate his labors and to offer him our thanks.—
P. P. CALVERT.

REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH ENTOMOLOGICAL MEETING.
Held at Pusa on the 7th to 12th February, 1921. Edited by T. BAIN-
HRIGCE FLETCHER, R. N., etc., Imperial Entomologist. Calcutta Super-
intendent Government Printing, India, 1921. Price Rs. 7 As. 8. 8vo.
pp. xli, 401, pis. Ivii. - The Proceedings of this Fourth meeting

occupy one volume as compared with three for those of the Third
meeting (see the NEWS. vol. xxxii, pp. 221-222). The names of 42
members and 2 visitors are given as having taken part. Fifty papers
and reports are included, grouped as dealing with Crop Pests (21),
Forest Entomology (1), Medical and Veterinary Entomology (8),
Household and Store Pests (1). Lac C2), Life-histories and Bionomics
(9), Collection and Preservation (1), Systematic Entomology (2).
Publications (1), Miscellaneous (4). As we remarked last year also.
some of these articles will be useful to economic entomologists of
other lands as well as to those working in India. Certain other papers
on mosquitoes and means of checking them, on Colcoptera in the human
intestine (R. Senior White and K. Sen.) ; on the proportion of the
female forms of Papilio polytcs (by Prof. E. B. Poulton), the ovi-

224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '22

position of Gynacantha (T. B. Fletcher), on life histories of Culicoides
oxystoma, of Gracilaria soyella and its parasite, Asympicsiella india, of
Stauropus alternates and of two species of Celyphidae ; Gynandromor-
phism of Mcgachilc bicolor, etc., will appeal to a wide circle of extra-
Indian students. Mr. T. B. Fletcher contributes an English translation of
Dr. Johann Gerhard Koenig's rare paper on South Indian Termites from
the fourth volume of the Beschaftigungen dcr Bcrlinischen Gcsdlsclwft
Natwforschenden Frcunde (1779), preceded by a biographical note on
the author, a pupil of Linneaus, who lived in India from about 1767
to his death there on June 26, 1785. Mr. Fletcher regards Koenig's
paper as equally fundamental to the study of termites, from the his-
torical standpoint, as the celebrated account by Smeathman. Mr.
Fletcher also has a suggestion on setting insects without boards (shown
on plate Ivi). Mr. T. V. Rama Krishna Ayyar furnishes a check list
of Coccidae of the Indian Region and a list of parasitic Hymenoptera
of economic importance from South India. A suggestive paper, ad-
dressed chiefly to the economic entomologist, is by the late F. M. Hew-
lett, The Practical Application of Insect Psychology, in which he
pleads for the intensive study of the stimuli which determine the feed-
ing, pairing and choice of a suitable nidus for the young of injurious
insects, with the view of using these stimuli to provoke reactions of
such species leading to their own destruction. — P. P. CALVERT.

The American Entomological Society.

Meeting of February 23, 1922, in the hall of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia. Dr. Skinner presided ; six members and con-
tributors to the Entomological Section of the Academy were present.

Mr. Cresson, of the Property Committee, reported the following
accessions to the Library: Zeitschrift des Oesterreichischen Entomolo-
gen Vereins, Wicn, Jahr. 11 (1917)— VI (1921) ; Konowia, Wien, Band
I (1922) No. 1-2; and to the Cabinet, seven named Hymenoptera from
the Hawaiian Islands by Dr. D. M. Castle.

LF.PIDOPTERA. — Dr. Skinner exhibited a series of Ncniiivix
ridingsi and dionysHS from Colorado and South Utah respectively, llieit
specific identity and distribution being the subject of a paper to be soon
published by him (see the NEWS, xxxiii, page 74).

ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. Rehn spoke of a similar case in the Orllioptera,
Acrochorcutcs carlinianus carlinianus, the Great Plains and Great Basin
forms joining with intergrades through the Wyoming plains.

There followed a general discussion of variation in insects due to
climatic and topographic conditions in the western United Stales.

COLEOPTERA. — Mr. Homig exhibited larvae, cells and imagoes of Lasio-
derma serricornc in mustard dust in the original tin container which ln»
had had for four years.

R. C. WILLIAMS, JR., Recording Secretary.

ORNITHOPTERA ALEXANDRAE.

Fine perfect specimens of this grand rare species are offered ; also O.
chimaera — Zelotypia staceyi, superb rarity— many others. Largest stock of
exotic Coleoptera, rarities and unnamed series. Also the most important
books on Entomology in stock.

Janson & Sons, Natnralists & Booksellers 44, Great Russell St., London.W.C.I.

pV"\D Q AI p* A large collection of butterflies — Papilios

only — from all parts of the world. All
mounted and classified in three large cabinets.

C. F. GROTH

14 Poplar Place, New Rochelle, N. Y.

PUBLICATIONS ISSUED BY THE
IMPERIAL BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.

THE BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Published quarterly. Containing original articles on Economic Entomology (illustrated). Ann-
ual Subscription in advance for Vol. xiii ( 1922), 155. post free ; separate parts 55. each, post
free. Prices of back parts on application.

THE REVIEW OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY

Published monthly. Containing reviews of current works on Economic Entomology throughout
the world. Published in two series, "A" dealing with insect pests of cultivated plants, and
"B" dealing with insects conveying disease or otherwise injurious to man and animals
Annual Subscription in advance for Vol. x (1922), Series "A" 125.; Series "B" 6s. post free.
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WANTED.

North American and Mexican Phanaeus and Monilerna.
Will purchase or exchange.

DR. FRANK J. PSOTA,
3854 West 26th Street, Chicago, Illinois.

The Kiangsu Bureau of Entomology
will collect Chinese insects in exchange
for books or pamphlets on Entomology. Send list with prices and
tell us what you want us to collect for you. Address

C. W. WOODWORTH, Director, Nanking, China, or
American P. O., Shanghai, China.

NEW ARRIVALS

From Colombia, South America :
OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING

Morpho eypris Morpho amathonte

sulkowskyi Caligo spp.

From Cuba:

1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING
Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali

andraemon Erinyis guttalaris

celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.

devilliersi

From Venezuela : From New Guinea

Over 5000 Lepidoptera 2000 Coleoptera

200 Dynastes hercules 200 Orthoptera

From Assam, India:

1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDINC
Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis

philoxenus : Brahmaea wallachi

And Many Other Showy Species

From Tibet (Bhutan) :
Arrnandia lidderdalii Parnassius hardwicki

CATALOGUES OF

ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS
ON APPLICATION

If interested kindly send your list
of desiderata for further information to

THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA

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G. Lagai, Ph.D. 56-58 West 23d Street

OCTOBER, 1922

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXIII No. 8

CHARI i-.s AIKKKO BLAKE
i "34-" 9°3

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.

E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. REHN,

PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
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Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921.

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MANUSCRIPTS. Address all other communications to the editor, Dr.
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TO CONTRIBUTORS. All contributions will be considered and passed
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SPECIAL NOTICE TO AUTHORS

Owing to increased cost of labor and materials, no illustrations will
be published in the NEWS for the present, except where authors furnish the
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXIII

OCTOBER, 1922

No. 8

CONTENTS

Mason— A Collecting Adventure Near

Home ( Coleop. ) 225

McDunnough — Synonymic Notes on
Lepidoptera 228

Brimley — Additional Data on North
Carolina Tabanidae, Bombyliidae
and Tachinidae ( Diptera ) 230

French — Catocala ulalume a Distinct
Species ( Lepid., Noctuidae) 233

Bro\ver — Preparatory Stages of Cato-
cala ulalume Str., with larva of C.
lacrvmosa for Comparison (Lepid.,
Noctuidae) 234

Kirk — Biological Notes on Elateridae

and Melasidae ( Col. ) 236

Change of Address 240

Foundation of a Brazilian Entomolo-
gical Society 240

Cuvier's Magnifying Glass 240

Editorial— The Need of Greater Preci-
sion in Taxonomic Literature 241

Mason — Additions to the Coleoptera in
The Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia 241

Aldrich — Mr. E. A. Schwarz, Honor-
ary Ph . D 242

The University of Michigan-William-
son Expedition to Brazil 242

Hebard— The Stridulation of a North
American Noctuid, Heliocheilus
paradoxus Grote (Lep.) 244

Hutchison — The Muiford Biological
Exploration of the Amazon Basin.
Bulletin No. 9 245

Kellogg— The Exchange of Scientific
Literature with Russia 24s

Entomological Literature 246

Review of Oberthu'r's Etudes de Lepi-
dopterologie Comparee 251

Review of Weiss's Professor Benedict
Jaeger 252

Review of Schmidt and Schenkling's
Nomenclator Coleopterologicus... . 252

Review of Stoner and Caudell in Uni-
versity of Iowa Studies 253

Review of Fletcher's Report of the Im-
perial Entomologist, 1920-21 254

Obituaries— William Lucas Distant,
George Alexander James Rothney,
Arthur W. Bacot. Henry Rowland-
Brown, Hans Fruhstorfer, Dr. Otto
Taschenberg, Louis Bedel 254

A Collecting Adventure Near Home (Coleop.).

By FRANK R. MASON, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Early June, 1921, found Mr. Alan S. Nicolay, of Brooklyn,
New York, and myself scouring' the subalpine region of the
White Mountains, Xew Hampshire, in search of Coleoptera,
especially the rarer forms of Cychrini. However most species
of this group arc rare and require rather careful hunting.

\Vc confined our efforts largely to the higher slopes of Mount
Madison, Carter's Dome and up through Tuckennan's Ravine
to the summit of Mount Washington ((>2S8 ft.). All these
points are accessible from Glen House, Xew Hampshire, which
is the center of the wildest remaining section of the White
Mountain region, far enough removed from tin cans and lunch
boxes and the blare of auto horns to occasionally see a wild-cat
slink along the trail and often raise a covey of grouse in the

denser thickets.

225

226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '22

Nomaretits bilobns Say, probably one of the rarest beetles
in eastern North America and frequently confused in collec-
tions with the more common fissicoUis Lee. and cavicollis Lee.
from the Central States, was taken on Mount Madison at about
forty-five hundred feet in heavy timber just below the lichened
rocks, and two other specimens at a bit lower elevation in
Tuckerman's Ravine under rotted bark. One specimen of the
leonardi Harr. form of Scaphinotus vidmis Dej. found its way
into our perfumed tin traps in the valley floor, the bait consist-
ing of molasses and assafoetida, a most sickening solution,
which I should think any self-respecting Cychrns would avoid.
A dead mouse added to the brew sometimes makes it even more
effective. Sphaerodcrns canadensis Chd. and Iccontci Dej. were
more abundant companions of the others.

Under the big summit rocks on Mount Washington we took
in fair numbers Carabus chamissonis Fisch. var. groenlandicus
Dej.; this is a species from The Labrador. Snow was found
at the head-wall of Tuckerman's Ravine and, when marooned
on the summit that night, the temperature dropped to twenty
degrees ; and all this in June east of the Rockies was quite a
surprise. The next morning the sprightly CicindelcC longilabris
Say escorted us down the very easy wagon road. We took
Pterostichus (Cryobius^hudsonicus Lee. and Pat rebus scptcn-
trionis Dej. (a Palaearctic species) at six thousand feet and
lower down Pterostichus ( Lyperophenis} pnnctatissimus
Rand., as well as the commoner Pterostichus honestus Say,
luczoti Dej., coracinus Newm., relict us Newm., etc., and when
within five hundred yards of Glen House a single specimen of
Pogonocherus fascicuJatiis Deg. (a Greenland longicorn) and
Xylotrcchus aiinosus Say dropped into the sweep-net.

Along the banks of the Peabody River (West Branch) I
found Platidius rugicollis Rand., not common in collections,
also many other less interesting Carabidae as Ncbria suturalis
Lee., Pristodactyla advcna Lee., Trcchus chalybeus Dej., Lori-
cera cocrulcscens L., Bembidion nitens Lee. and scopulinuiu.
Kby.

Pselaphidae and Scydniaenidae were very scarce, persistent
sifting only secured three species; these families seem to dwin-

xxxiii, '22 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 227

die as one goes north. I think this is also true of the western
part of the continent.

On the bare, wind-swept rocks of Carter's Dome we took
various good Elaterids : Lcptnroidcs dcnticornis Kby., Ludius
spinosiis Lee., vireiis Schrank, triundtilatus Rand., etc. This
type of collecting is much like picking berries, you scramble
over the rocks and gather in the crop, with always those superb
glimpses of tumbled mountains below you. But atmospheric
conditions must be just right, bright sunshine and not too
strong a breeze. Some days we found no insects on the
summits.

Carter's Notch near the little lake yielded some interesting
things: Scotodcs americanus Horn, Phryganophilus collaris
Lee. ( n rare Melandryid), Schizotits ccri'icalis Xewm. and
Pcdihts cvanipcnnis Bland., sunning themselves on fallen tim-
ber. Some skinned poplar logs attracted Gaurotcs abdominalis
Bland.. Anthnphilax attcnitatus Hald. and other longicorns.
DicJiclony.r subvittata Lee., together with numerous Buprestids
and Elaterids were beaten from oak, spruce and pine. In vain
I searched near the type locality for Cicindela ancocisconensis
Harr. ; I think we were too early. Clerids were few, probably
for the same reason.

The above is by no means a complete list of species, only
the more striking captures being noted, a large number of
other boreal ( 'oleoptera having been taken. Tn the valley the
fauna was typically New England and general run; practically
all the rarer species were found between three thousand and
fifty-five hundred feet elevation.

This tract of the \Yhite Mountains is a most interesting
region, a lovely sylvan country of running mountain streams
clear and cold, where the Pipes of Pan will wlvstle to you all
day long and \\irh peaks high above timber-line to add a certain
grandeur to it all. not often found among our eastern hills. The
collecting, to be sure, is not bi/nrre and exotic like the tropics,
neither are you subjected to the excessive discomforts of those
hot countries. One great advantage, these mountains are almost
in our back gardens; a trip of but fifteen hours by rail brings
you to their very gateway. So 1 say to all entomologists, "why
not go !"

228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '22

Synonymic Notes on Lepidoptera.

By J. McDuNNoucH, Entomological Branch, Ottawa.

In Entomological News, xxxii, p. 253, Drs. Barnes and
Lindsey gave a few synonymic notes based on figures of some
of Boisduval and Guenee's types published by Mr. C. Ober-
thiir in Volume XXVII of his Etudes de Lepidopterologic
Comparee.

Through the kindness of Dr. H. Skinner I have been able to
examine a copy of the plates of this work and note a few
additional changes in synonymy.

Plate Dili, figs. 4193, 4194, Chdonia dons Bdv. According
to the original descriptions Fig. 4194 agrees with doris and
Fig. 4193 with ncrca Bdv. The species is, however, not arge
Dru. as at present listed, but michabo Grt, and Boisduval's
names will take priority. Typical doris has the lines and
bands on primaries suffused with pink, whilst ncrca represents
the white banded form.

We have in the Canadian National Collection specimens
from Calgary, Alberta, and Aweme, Manitoba, that agree well
with ncrea, whilst specimens from Southern British Columbia
approach closer to doris. .Michabo Grt., described from Ne-
braska, falls to ncrca; mine a Sloss., described from, New
Hampshire, is more intensely colored than doris and the name
for the present may be held for the Atlantic Coast race. The
synonymy will stand :

doris Bdv.

form nerea Bdv.
michabo Grt.
a. mine a Sloss.

PI. DV, fig. 4217, Acronycta clarcsccns Gn. The species
was described from specimens in the Guenee, Boisduval and
Doubleday collections, the latter type being in the British
Museum. According to the type figured by Mr. Oberthiir and
to which we believe the name should be restricted, clarescens
is evidently the same species as pruni Harris, but not the spe-
cies figured by Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal., Brit. Mus., VIII,
80, PI. CXXIV, fig. 29) which belongs in the inclara group,
showing no dark shade line between anal angle and t. p. line.

xxxiii. '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 229

The synonymy given by Hampson will hold, with the addition
of smithi Butl.

Plate DVI, fig. 4228, Macaria contcmptata Gn. This species
must certainly be removed from the synonymy of granitata Gn.
The figure represents a species quite different from the usual
conception of granitata, but one that is unknown to me in
nature.

Plate DVII, figs. 4237, 4238, Ypsipctes pluviata Gn. An
examination of the excellent figures shows that not only are the
two sexes not conspecific, but also that neither of them repre-
sents the conception of the species as given in my Hydrioincna
revision (1917, Barnes & McDunnough, Contributions, IV,
(1), 24). Under the circumstances I propose restricting the
name to the male type (Fig. 4238), which is apparently a
rather worn specimen of what was listed in the revision as
frigidata Wlk. ; the pale spot near the anal angle, the general
trend of the lines and the dark hind wings all indicate this spe-
cies ; an examination of the genitalia should easily verify this
reference. With pluviata Gn. taking priority over frigidata
Wlk. the name divisaria Wlk. may be used for the pluviata of
the revision. The female (Fig. 4237) appears to belong to
rcnnnciata Wlk., although somewhat smaller than usual.

Plate DVII, fig. 4240, Corcnria dcfcnsaria Gn. I do not see
how it is possible to consider this figure as correctly repre-
senting the type of defensaria. Guenee's description was
drawn up from a single male and he notes that the pectinations
of the antennae are more robust than in convallaria Gn. ; in
Oberthiir's figure the antennae show no signs of pectinations,
being thread-like, and the specimen figured looks extremely
like a female. Furthermore the remainder of the description
does not fit the figure at all well, which, as a matter of fact,
represents a specimen of Pcrizoma polygrammata Hist, or one
of its close allies. Until further evidence can be produced it
would be well to make no change in the present conception of
dcfcnsaria; as pointed out by Mr. Swett, it is not a -form of
convallaria, as given in the 1917 Check List, but a good spe-
cies.

230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '22

Additional Data on North Carolina Tabanidae, Bom-
byliidae and Tachinidae (Diptera).

By C. S. BRIMLEY, Division of Entomology, N. C. Dept. of

Agriculture, N. C.

The present paper is supplementary to those previously pub-
lished in the NEWS as follows : on Tabanidae, vol. xv, pp. 270-
275 (1904) and xix, pp. 168-173 (1908) ; on Bombyliidae, vol.
xxxii, pp. 170-172 (1921) ; on Tachinidae, vol. xxxiii, pp. 20-26

(1922).

I. TABANIDAE.

CHRYSOPS BISTELLATUS Daecke. Lake Ellis, not uncommon on road
between Havelock and the lake, in late May, 1908, F. Sherman and
CSB.

CHRYSOPS CUCLUX Whitney. Raleigh, late April, 1912, CSB.

CHRYSOPS DORSOVITTATUS Hine. Lake Ellis, two in late May, 1908,
Southern Pines, May, 1908, Manee ; White Lake, late May, 1909 and
early June, 1915, FS.

CHRYSOPS HINEI Daecke. Boardman, September 21, 1915, R. W.
Leiby, Fair Bluff, September 25, 1920, T. B. Mitchell.

CHRYSOPS INDUS O.S. Linville Falls, early June, 1920, one, FS.

CHRYSOPS punicus O.S. The specimens from Havelock (Lake EHis)
formerly referred to cursim seem to belong here, while the Raleigh
cursim seem to be actually that species.

CHRYSOPS SEPARATUS Hine. A male was taken by me at Raleigh,
April 20, 1921.

TABANUS CYMATOPHORUS O.S. Southern Pines, A. H. Manee.

TABANUS ENDYMION O.S. White Lake, early June, 1914, FS.

TABANUS SULCIFRONS Macq. Rocky Mount, mid September, 1911,
four, Z. P. Metcalf.

TABANUS TENER O.S. White Lake, late May, 1909, one, FS.

(All the preceding are new to our state list except C. separatus).

II. BOMBYLIIDAE.
(Species new to the state list are marked with a * star).

ANTHRAX ALTERNATA Say. Dillard-Highlands road, July 11, 1921.
T. B. Mitchell.

ANTHRAX CEYX Loew. Marion, July 8, 1921, three, TBA1.

*ANTHRAX FAUNUS Fab. Raleigh, mid August 1914, C. L. Metcalf;
late July 1912, July 22, 1921.

*ANTH-RAX NIGRIPENNIS Cole. All the Raleigh specimens previously
referred by me to halcyon (Ent. News, XXXII, 171) belong to this
species as well as five others taken in mid and late June, 1921. \i</ri-
pcnnis is not only darker-winged than halcyon, but also differs in vena-
tion (at least in our North Carolina specimens) as follows, — in halcyon

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2 31

the third posterior cell is bisected on a level with the distal end of the
discal cell and the stump which projects into the distal portion of that
cell arises from the discal cell, while in ni</rifcnnis that cell is bisected
by a crossvein which is oblique to the discal cell and closes the proximal
part of the third posterior cell not far from the wing margin, the
stump arises from that crossvein and not from the discal cell. In both
(vv.r and halcyon the first antennal joint is red, the second and third
black, while in nigripcnnis the first and second are red, the third only
black. Cey.r and nigripcnnis fly in early or mid summer, halcyon in
autumn.

ANTHRAX HALCYON Say. Aberdeen October 3, 1921, TBM.
*ANTHRAX DISPAR Coq. Southern Pines, August 6, 1921, TBM.
ANTHRAX HYPOMELAS Macq. Dillard-Highlands road, July 11, 1921,
TBM.

*ANTHRAX LATERALIS var. arcnicola Johnson. Southern Pines, late
June, 1909, CSB., Dillard-Highlands road, July 11, 1921, TBM.

BOMBYI.IUS SUBVARIUS Johnson. The single specimen from White
Lake referred by me to this species (Ent. News, XXXII, 171) appears
to be B. fraiiditlciitits and not this species, hence subvariits is thereby
eliminated from the state list.

*BOMBYLIUS FRAUDULENTUS Johnson. Raleigh, late May, CSB, June
14, 16, 1921, on flowers of Ceanothus. also the White Lake specimen
mentioned above.

*BOMBYLIUS MEXICANUS Wied. Raleigh, late April to late May,
common, Southern Pines, April, 1907, FS ; Hendersonville, June, 1907,
FS; Blowing Rock, June 25, 1902, FS, Andrews, mid May, 1908, FS.
All these formerly referred to B. ranus under a misapprehension.

BOMBYI.IUS VARIUS Fabr. All our previous records (Ent. News,
XXXII, 171) belong to B. mexicanus, except that from Charlotte,
which is of a badly rubbed specimen of azalcae. The species, how-
ever, still remains on our list as I collected one at Fayetteville, in
early June, 1921.

EXOPROSOPA DF.CORA Loew. Old Fort, late October. 1920, FS.
*GKRON SUBAURATUS Loew. One taken at Raleigh, June 18, 1921,
CSB. Although I took numerous other Gerons during the summer
they were all scnilis.

*OxconocKKA I.KUCOPROCTA Wied. "North Carolina," Aldrich's Cata-
logue of North American Diptera, page 239.

SPOGOSTYLUM CEPHUS Fabr. Marion, July 8, 1921, TBM.
TOXOPHORA LEUCOPYGA Wied. Goldsboro. July 26, 1921, TBM.

III. TACIIINIHAF..

(Records of my own collecting are without initials).
A. Species not previously recorded.
AI.OPHORA AENF.OVENTRIS Will. Raleigh, May 17, 1921, TBM.

iif.'ir HI vi HI. \ Coq. Raleigh. April 2, 1906.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '22

CELATORIA DIABROTICAE Shimer, Raleigh, August 16, 1921.

DORYPHOROPHAGA DORYPHORAE Riley. Terra Ceia, August 24, 1919,
RWL.

EPIGRYMIA POLITA Td. Raleigh, May 17, 1921.

EXORISTA FUTILIS O.S. Raleigh, late April, mid June.

FRONTINA ARCHIPPIVORA Will. Raleigh, mid April, 1920, M. R. Smith.

GAEDIOPSIS FACIALIS Coq. Raleigh, September 8, 13, 21, 1921.

HOUGHIA SETIPENNIS Coq. Raleigh. July 22, 1921.

JURINELLA AMBIGUA Macq. Linville, August 19, 1921, TBM.

LESKIA THECATA Coq. Raleigh, September 8, 13, 21, 1921.

MASICERA MYOIDEA Desv. Raleigh, August 16, 29, October 17, 20,
1921.

OCYPTERA DOSIADES Walker. Raleigh, mid June, mid August and mid
September, 1921, thirteen specimens; Goldsboro, July 28, 1921, one, TBM.

OESTROPHASIA SIGNIFERA V. d. W. Raleigh, May 23, 1921, one in
window.

PARAPLAGIA SPINOSULA Bigot. Raleigh, April 21, 1921; Fayetteville,
early June, 1921.

PHORANTHA CALYPTRATA Coq. Raleigh, May 14, 1921.

PLECTOPS MELISSOPODIS Coq. Raleigh, June 25, October 4, 1921.

PSEUDATRACTOCERA NEOMEXiCANA Td. Balsam, mid September, 1908,
ZPM.

PYRAUSTOMYIA PENITALIS Coq. Fayetteville, late May, 1920, early
June, 1921 ; Raleigh, June 1, 11, 1921.

SIPHOCLYTIA ROBERTSONI Td. September, 1921, one.

SIPHOPLAGIA SIMILIS Td. November 9, 1920, also the specimens pre-
viously attributed to S. anomala.

THRYPTOCERA FLAVIPES Coq. Raleigh, June 18, August 16, 1921,

B. Additional Records of some species.

CHAETOGAEDIA CREBRA V. d. W. Raleigh, November 5, 1921.
EUTHERA TENTATRIX Loew. Raleigh, October 17, 1921.
MASIPHYA BRASILIANA BB. Raleigh, late June, 1920.
OCYPTERA ARGENTEA Td. Raleigh, late July, 1912, September 13, 192]
SIPHONA GENICULATA DeG. Raleigh, July 5, 1921, lour.
SIPHOPHYTO FLORIDENSIS Td. (Epigrymia floridcnsis). Raleigh, mid
July, mid May, mid August, three ; Fayetteville, late May, 1920, one

C. Notes and Corrections to my list in Entomological News, Janu-
ary, 1922.

DINF.RA FUTILIS Smith. Is a Dexiid.

MYIOPHASIA AENEA Wied. Of the specimens referred by me to this
form most of those from Raleigh, and those from Gibson, run to
Enyomma globosa by Townsend's key, while some of those from
Raleigh and the specimens from Elrod, Fayetteville, and Charlotte
run to Phasioclista mctallica. 1 mention this without prejudice to any
of the names quoted.

NEOPHYTO SETOSA Coq. One from Raleigh has the apical cell open
and appears to be this, but two others although very similar from
Raleigh, August 23, 1921, and Spruce (Sunburst) late May, 1912, have
the apical cell long petiolate, and may be Phytodcs hirculus Coq.

SIPHOPLAGIA ANOMALA Td. All our specimens appear to be S. similis
Td.

XX.xiii, '22 ! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Catocala ulalume a Distinct Species (Lepid.,
Noctuidae).

By G. H. FRENCH, Herrin, Illinois.

In his number for September, 1877, of Lcpidoptera Rho-
paloccrcs and Hctcroccres, Mr. Herman Strecker described
Catocala ulalituie, on page 132. We know that Mr. Strecker's
descriptions were not of much account as far as using them
1;\ some one else for future identification of specimens, and
yet a few expressions in this description may serve to help us
in the recognition of, and separation of, this species from the
specimens of the variable species C. lacrymosa where it has
been placed for a number of years.

In the description he compares C. ulalume with C. dcsperata
(now C. vidita) in color, and says that the brown shade beyond
the t. p. line of C. dcsperata is absent in C. ulalume. In all of
the forms of C. lacrymosa this brown shade is present. Another
characteristic of C. lacrymosa is that near the posterior margin
of the primaries is a prominent white shade inside the t. a. and
outside the t. p. lines. This is absent in both C. dejecta and
C. ulalume. The ground color of C. dejecta is a little lighter
bluish gray than that of C. ulahnne, and there are other mark-
ings that separate them.

Both C. ulalume and C. dejecta used to be found in the hills
of Union County, Illinois, and specimens of each were sent to
Mr. Strecker for identification soon after his description of the
two species, but my specimens of both have been destroyed.
Of late the species, or rather both of them, have been found
in the hills of Green County, southwestern Missouri, by my
friend, Mr. A. E. Brower. Two specimens of C. ulalume were
compared with the types in the Strecker collection in the Field
Museum, Chicago, by Mr. W. J. Gerhard and pronounced
identical.

The species has a clear bluish color over the whole wing
except the whitish shade beyond the t. p. line that is without
any brown. In the Barnes book, Fig. n. Plate 2, the whole
wing is suffused with brown. I do not know what that figure
represents. The subreniform is open in C. ulalmnc but is

234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | ( )ct., '22

closed in the forms of C. lacrymosa. The hind wings are black

with white fringes, but the black at the ends of the veins of C.

ulalnvne and dejecta are not as prominent as in C. lacrymosa.

During the last season my friend, Mr. Brower, has bred C.

•lacrymosa and C. ulalume from the eggs, and he says the larvae

are different, but I will let him tell that story. From the above

J think that C. ulalume is entitled to specific rank.

Preparatory Stages of Catocala ulalume Str., with

Larva of C. lacrymosa for Comparison

(Lepid., Noctuidae).

By A. E. BROWER, Willard, Missouri.

Catocala ulalume Strecker.

Egg. — Diameter, .04 inch; height, .03; subspherical in shape, the base
flattened, not saucer-shaped, the sides with 25 longitudinal ribs that
reach the micropyle, with alternate shorter ones, the space between these
with transverse shallower lines, as usual; color gray.

Larva. — Stage I. — Head brown ; the newly hatched larva yellowish
white, becoming grayish white later.

Stage II. — Head light gray, marked with darker stripes ; body dark
gray, with subdorsal and two lateral darker lines.

Stage III. — Head light gray, marked with brownish gray lines, a
heavy black stripe extending upward from the palpi, apices with dark
gray brown stripes ; body light gray, with broken irregular subdorsal
and spiracular lines.

Stage IV. — Head light gray, with longitudinal slaty gray lines, promi-
nent gray brown stripe across apices extending over the front, a heavy
black stripe from corner of mouth extending outward and angled up-
ward ; body light gray with irregular broken subdorsal and spiracular
lines, and with a black shade on the juncture of the fifth and sixth
abdominal segments.

Stage V. — Head large, rounded, larger than the next segment, light
gray in color with longitudinal slaty gray lines ; a prominent gray brown
stripe across the apex of each lobe extending over the iroiii, a promi-
nent black stripe extends outward from the mouth and is sharply
angled upward, abruptly terminating about half-way up the face; body
whitish gray, with irregular broken subdorsal and spiracular lines, the
subdorsal present only as quite prominent markings about the tubercles,
a faint centrodorsal line present, a shade over the juncture of the fifth
and sixth abdominal segments, less prominent on the fourth, fifth and
eighth. The tubercles are fairly prominent, enlarged on the eighth
abdominal segment, reddish brown in color. Filaments of fringes
small, white.

XXXl'ii, '22] K.NTo.MOUHllCAI. .\K\VS

In comparison with the larva of C. lacr\mosa the larva of
this species is much lighter in color, the lines are less contin-
uous and without the dorsal chain of patches. The tubercles
are brighter and more prominent on the eighth abdominal seg-
ment. The head appears to be comparatively larger with a
somewhat different black stripe. In general the larva of C.
ulalumc greatly resembles the larva of C. insolabilis but is much
lighter in color, while the larva of C. lacrymosa is much like
the larva of C. neogama.

I have reared larvae from the ova laid by four females of
C. itla! u me and find the larvae as well as the moths quite
constant. Mr. French has pointed out the differences between
the imagines of C. ulalume and C. lacrymosa. If C. ulalumc
were a variety of C. lacrymosa, intergrades would be found.
I have taken intergrades to all varieties of C. lacrymosa but
none connecting C. lacrymosa with C. ulalumc. The flight and
habits of C. ulalumc and C. lacrymosa in the woods are quite
different. If C. ulalumc were a variety of C. lacr \nnosa it
would be found throughout the range of the latter, but such
does not seem to be the case, as C. ulalumc seems to be found
only in the Southern and border United States. It is reported
as scarce or rare at St. Louis. Mr. E. A. Dodge kindly
allowed me to examine a single worn specimen from Louisiana,
Missouri. Mr. E. J. Erb tells me that some years ago he
collected several specimens of C. ulalumc in Western Virginia.
Messrs. Erb and Doll compared specimens that I collected here
near Willard, Greene County, Missouri, with a cotype of C.
ulalumc in the Brooklyn Museum. Mr. Doll also kindly sent
a specimen to Giicago where Mr. Gerhard compared it with
Strecker's types of C. ulalumc in the Field Museum.

Catocala lacrymosa Guen.

Egg. — This has been described by Barnes and McDonnough in a
recent Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.

Larva. Stage I. — Head blackish brown; body grayish white.

Stage II. — Head brownish black; body light grayish white; li^ht
dorsal stripe, laterally reddish brown with two or three faint lateral
lines.

Stage III. — Head smoky black apically, face grayish; body dull black
with a lighter geminate dorsal and three lateral lines.

236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS j < >Ct., '22

Stage IV. — Head dark gray with longitudinal black stripes, heavy
black stripe crossing the apex of each lobe, continued by a light stripe
to corner of the mouth ; body dark gray, a geminate dorsal stripe and
three lighter lateral lines.

Stage V. — Head gray, heavily striped with black, a little paler apical-
ly. Body gray, with subdorsal and spiracular Hues of small black
spots ; two faint centrodorsal and three darker lateral lines.

Stage VI. — Head light gray, longitudinally lined with dark gray
brown stripes, prominent darker brownish stripe on the apex of each
lobe extending just over the front; a heavy black stripe extending out-
ward from the jaws, after a short distance apparently merging into the
lines of the face; body gray with centrodorsal, subdorsal and two
lateral darker lines, the subdorsal being most prominent; dorsum with
pale oval or diamond-shaped patches; the posterior portion of the fifth
and the anterior of the sixth abdominal segments darker. Fringes
pinkish white.

The larvae vary somewhat in shade of color but on the whole
are quite constant. A single larva from ova laid by variety
panlina produced var. panllna. The larva was quite similar
to the larvae of the normal lacrymosa.

The food plant of both C. uhihiinc and C. lacrymosa is
hickory.

Biological Notes on Elateridae and Melasidae (Col..)

By H. B. KIRK, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of
Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

The following miscellaneous biological notes on insects of
the families Elateridae and Melasidae have been assembled
from field observations, rearings and collections by the author
over a number of years, and from notes and specimens in the
collection of the Bureau of Plant Industry by others, to whom
due credit is given in the text.

Little is known of the habits of the adults of these two fam-
ilies, although they may be collected on foliage, flowers, trees
and on the ground, sometimes 'beneath stones.

Larvae of some of the species are predaceous. This is par-
ticularly true of the species of Adelocera, Chalcolepidius, Alans
and Hemirhipus, which are decidedly beneficial. Certain spe-
cies of other genera attack living plant tissue, roots, tubers, etc.,
and are destructive. Those attacking dead or decaying wood

xxxiii, '221 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 237

tissue are of no special economic importance. Larvae of the
predaceous forms, although confined to either deciduous trees
or conifers in nature, will in captivity feed on any woodboring
larvae, and will attain at maturity their natural characteristics
and markings.

Many species transform in July and August, and remain in
their pupal cells until April or May of the following year. Dur-
ing this time adults with the cast larval skins may be found
together, thus furnishing a means of connecting the adults with
the larvae. Adults also hibernate beneath bark, in crevices
and in abandoned cells of various insects, and are sometimes
attracted to light.

While the family Elateridae has not been considered as con-
taining any particularly beneficial species, a more thorough
study of the younger immature larval stages will no doubt
reveal as many equally important predaceous species as those
of the family Clcridac.

ELATERIDAE.

ADELOCFRA IMPRESSICOLLIS Say. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, VII-15;
Rockville, Pennsylvania, XII-12. Rare. Hibernating in decayed cavity
in living tree.

A. RORUI.ENTA Lee. El Paso County, Colorado, VI-14, VII-12. A. B.
Champlain.

A. BREVICORNIS Lee. State College, Pennsylvania, V-25 : Charter
Oak. Pennsylvania, V-21 ; J. N. Knull. Wales. Maine. VI-23; C. A.
Frost. Rare.

A. OBTKCTA Say. Pennsylvania. VI, VII. Franklin, Xew Hampshire,
IX-18, larva and adult found in gallery of woodborer in apple twig.
F. C. Craighead.

A. PROFUSA Cand. Cornwall, Connecticut, VII-15, K. F. Chamber-
lain; Cranebrook, British Columbia, VTI-8, C. B. Garrctt ; Oregon, VI fi-
ll, adults taken in Yellow Pine, W. D. Edmonston.

A. MARMORATA Fab. Rockville, I1I-3; Hummelstown, IV-20, Kirk
and Knull : and Harrisburg, April, June, July ; all in Pennsylvania.
Larvae of this species found feeding on Rostrychid larvae ( Trichodcsma
t/ihlhtsa) in Gum tree (\yssa sykuticn).

A. nisi OIIIKA Web. All localities in Pennsylvania. Common beneath
bark of dead Pine.

V AVITA Say. Hummelstown, 1 1 1-2*7, VII-7, Kirk and Knull. and
State College, V, both Pennsylvania. A number "t" adults reared from
larvae collected beneath bark of dyin.» uid dead hickory trees. These
trees were heavily infested with wuodboring larvae which were the

238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '22

hosts of A. avita. Have taken a number of adults on these trees at
night during June and July.

A. AURORATA Say. State College, Pennsylvania, 1-9, from beneath the
bark of dead Pitch Pine (Finns rigida), ). N. Knull ; Pittsburgh. Penn-
sylvania, June.

LACON ILLIMIS Horn. Common at Tucson, Arizona. J. H. Shive.
AI.AUS LUSCIOSUS Hope. Arizona. Larva reared by feeding it with
various woodboring larvae.

A. ZUNIANUS Casey. Adults, larvae and pupae cut from Cerambycid
galleries in fallen sycamore tree. East Catalina Mountains, Arizona,
June 20, M. Christman.

A. oct'LATUS Lee. One of our most common species. Adults and
larvae may be found in decaying logs and stumps infested by various
woodborers upon which they are predaceous. Very small larvae of this
species were observed feeding upon the larvae of Agrilus bilineatiis in
chestnut, also a more mature larva of A. oculatus found feeding on
larvae of Buprcstis ntfipes in Liriodcndron stump, and also on larvae of
Chalcophorclla campcstris in dead beech ( Fagns anicricana) trunk.
Have found larvae, about one-half grown, emerging from exit holes of
a Cerambycid and Tretnc.r sf>. in hickory trees, where they crawl about
on the trunk and re-enter other burrows in s_earch of woodboring larvae.
This species occurs only upon deciduous trees according to our notes.
Ai. MYOPS Fab. Occurs 'only in pine. Adults and larvae taken around
Harrisburg, Pa., in pine trees and stumps infested with woodboring
larvae. At Falls Church, Virginia, have taken hundreds of adults and
larvae in yellow pine stumps infested with Ascmnm moestum.

A. MEI.ANOPS Lee. Adults and larvae found commonly in stumps in-
fested with Chalcophora anguUcollis. Larvae predaceous on various
woodboring larvae in dead coniferous trees. Oregon, VIII-8, adults,
pupae and larvae in galleries in dead Douglas fir, W. D. Edmonston ;
El Paso County, Colorado, 11-20, A. B. Champlain.

CHALCOLEPIDIUS VIRIDIPILIS Say. Rockville, Pennsylvania, VIII-8,
collected at sour sap on oak tree in the evening, Daecke and Kirk ; Balti-
more, Maryland, July 30, V. A. E. Daecke.

C. SMARAGDINTTS Lee. Reared from larvae taken from woodborer
gallery in dead wood. Tucson, Arizona, VII-14, J. W. Shive; VIII-6,
G. Hof er ; Sabino Canyon, Arizona, VII-5, W. D. Edmonston.
C. BEHRENSI Cand. Tucson, Arizona, VII-31, J. W. Shive.
ATHOUS CUCULLATUS Say. Larva collected in dead log where it was
feeding on woodboring larva. Adult reared.

Lunius HIEROGLYPHICUS Say. Adults collected feeding on small in-
sects on foliage, Knull and Champlain.

HEMICREPIDIUS MEMNONIUS Hbst. Rockville, Pennsylvania, VII-24,

under stones.

H. BILOBATUS Say. Harrisburg, Pa., VI 11-27, taken on hickory trees

at night.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 239

PARALLELOSTETHUS ATTENUATUS Say. Common in rotten logs, feeding
on decaying moist wood tissue. Common in vicinity of Harrisburg,
Pa.. July and August.

Genus EI.ATER. Larvae of this genus feed on decaying wood tissue.
Adults frequent flowers.

EI.ATER vmosus Lee. Adults and larvae with RIatcr sayi I-QC. in
decayed hole in living Ccltis occidentaHs, November 12. It is likely that
these two forms may be the same species. Kirk and Champlain.

MEGAPENTHES LI M BALIS Hbst. Male of this species taken in coitu
with black female that answers the description of M. granulosns. Falls
Church, Virginia, VII-16, F. C. Craighead.

Genus MF.LANOTUS. Adults of local species hibernate in numbers in
old logs beneath bark and in old galleries of woodboring insects, many
being found in a single gallery.

PITYOBIUS ANGUINUS Lee. Grand Lake, Presque Isle County, Michi-
gan, VII-2, R. J. Sim; Endeavor, Pennsylvania, VI 1-30, adult taken on
fresh cut white pine log by J. N. Knull.

Genus LIMONIUS. Adults taken around Harrisburg, Pa., fly early
in the spring and are found commonly on flowers.

MELASIDAE.

MELASIS PECTINICORNIS Melsh. Reared from dead birch (Bctula
Icnta) and beech (Fac/us aincricana), J. N. Knull and A. B. Champlain.

ISORHIPIS RUFICORNIS Say. Reared from dead chestnut, black birch,
beech, linden and maple.

DELTOMETOPUS AMOENICORNIS Say. North East, Pennsylvania, VII-
22, J. N. Knull ; Tyrone, VII-26, J. G. Sanders ; Jeanette, Klages ; Har-
risburg, VI-29, A. B. Champlain; and Landisburg, VI-30; all in Penn-
sylvania. Falls Church, Virginia, VI-24.

DROMAEOLUS CYLINDRICOLLIS Say. Hummelstown, reared from dead
Platainis occldentaUs, J. N. Knull; Ohio Pyle, VIT-20, T. L. Guyton ;
Jeanette, VII, Klages: Clarks Valley. Dauphin County; all in Pennsyl-
vania. Reared from dead standing Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) , A. B.
Champlain.

D. STRIATUS Lee. Falls Church, Virginia, VII-31 ; Hummelstown,
Pennsylvania, VII-17. Reared from dead chestnut stick.

FORXAX RADIUS Melsh. Harrishurg, Pa. Larva very plentiful in
dead, decaying hickory. Adults on hickory trees at night, very active,
crawling about and mating.

F. ORCHESIDKS N'ewn. Harrisburg and Inglenook, Pennsylvania, larvae
from decaying logs of willow and Rciula nic/ra in swamps. The adults
of this and other species in the genus are active only at night, and may
be found mating, ovipositing and running over dead, decaying trees or
logs at this time. During the daytime they crawl into cracks and
crevices, when- they remain concealed and inactive. The eggs of F.
iKV/jc.vn/r.v are placed in the cracks and crevices of dec-lying trees,
stumps or logs, the wood of which is usually very soft and contains

240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '22

considerable moisture. The larvae insinuate their way through the soft
wood tissue, the gallery apparently closing up after their passage, and
when ready for pupation they work their way to the sapwood, where
cells are constructed. The cell is formed by the actions of the larva,
and by an accumulation of soft particles rubbed loose. The pupal dura-
tion is about two weeks. The adults emerge during June, and vary
greatly in size. The spring or clicking operation is developed in this
species to some extent. They are able to spring slightly and click when
held in the hand by the abdomen. Observation by Champlain, Knull and
Kirk.

MICORRHAGUS HUMERALis Say. New Cumberland, VI-28, Kirk and
Champlain.

NEMATODES ATROPUS Say. Harrisburg, Pa., 1-28, VII-9, and reared
IV-14 from dead hickory stumps. Adults taken at night on dead hickory
trees. Kirk and Champlain.

N. PENETRANS Lee. Harrisburg, Pa., VII-4, Kirk and Champlain.

SCHIZOPHILUS SUBRUFUS Rand. Very rare. Taken at night on hickory
tree at Harrisburg, Kirk and Champlain (this specimen in collection of
U. S. National Museum). East Falls Church, Virginia, III-6. Knull.

Change of Address.

Dr. Charles P. Alexander has removed from Urbana, Illinois, to
Fernald Hall, Mass. Agricultural College, Amherst, Massachusetts.

Foundation of a Brazilian Entomological Society.

Professor Benedicto Raymundo has written to The American Ento-
mological Society, announcing the foundation, on February 2, 1922, of
the Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil, of which he is President. The
Society is located at 15 Rua lo de Marc,o, Rio de Janeiro'. We wish
it prosperity and a long life.

Cuvier's Magnifying Glass.

At the meeting of the Entomological Society of France, January 11,
1922, Dr. E. Gobert presented to the Society the magnifying glass
(loupe) belonging to Cuvier and gave its origin in the following terms:
This glass belonged to Cuvier, died in 1832. Dying, he left it to
Audouin, who died in 1841. Audouin confided it to Leon Dufour, cele-
brated entomologist of St. Sever (Landes). This latter dying, left it
to E. Perris, his favorite pupil. E. Perris, in his turn, confided it to
me as his pupil and friend. If the Society accepts it, I shall be glad to
offer it as a souvenir and in the name of the three entomologists of
The Landes.

This glass will be preserved as a precious relic in the archives ol llir
Society. (Bull. Soc. Eut. France, 1922, no. 1, p. 6).

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., OCTOBER, 1922.

The Need of Greater Precision in Taxonomic Literature.

It is no unusual experience, in reading taxonomic keys, de-
scriptions of species and of genera and similar gems of litera-
ture, to meet with expressions intended to be diagnostic but so
v.-u'-ue and indefinite as to give no true idea of the part de-
seribed. Adjectives like "large," "small." "broader," "nar-
rower." are frequently employed without any data being given
to indicate the size intended. It does require some additional
time and labor on the part of an author to specify how many
millimeters these descriptive terms mean, or to state the dimen-
sions of the structure concerned in terms of the length or width
of some nearby part, or of the distance between some adjoin-
ing organs. Of course it does. But no one in these days has
any right to work in taxonomy, or in any other branch of
science, unless he is willing and ready to express precisely what
the differences between objects compared really are. It is a
reproach to us that so much of taxonomic literature is in so
hazy a condition.

AYhen one reads in a recent, otherwise valuable manual, on
one of the largest orders of North American insects, the alter-

tive rubrics of a key as "Marginal vein short" and "Mar-
eiral vein long" without further elucidation, he may, with
righteous indignation, exclaim justlv, "f/rw long, O Lord, how
long?" ^

Additions to the Coleoptera in The Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia.

Three hundred rind seven specimens of Coleoptera have been added

to the collections from The Hebard- Academy Expedition of 19;

include Mich interesting species as ('irimicla longilabris Say. var. oslari

' var. montana Lee. (from the <ummits ot" the Sandia Alts..

New Mi co HlrOO-lKino ft.). Pasimachus obsoletus Lee., Platynus

tcxana Lee., Chlaenius chaudoiri Horn, Helluomorpha ic.raim Lee.,

Icirihts mercurius Wickh., .'.cum texana Crotch, and Gnathospasta

iiihiicticn I lorn. This is quite a remarl ible sho\\iim in view of the tact

that the collecting was primarily for Orthoptrra and during the latter

th< , nmcr when Coleoptera are not SO abundant. FRANK

Al A SO

242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '22

Notes and. Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF

THE GLOBE

Mr. E. A. Schwarz, Honorary Ph.D.

The University of Maryland, at its commencement exercises on June
10, conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy upon Eugene
Amandus Schwarz, honorary custodian of Coleoptera in the U. S.
National Museum. Mr. Schwarz began work as a beetle specialist for
the Division of Entomology under the Commissioner of Agriculture in
1878. His forty-four years of official scientific activity to the present
have been continuously devoted to the building up of a great collection
and to the assistance of other workers, both taxonomic and economic.
As dean of entomologists in Washington and senior coleopterist in
active service in North America, permanent president of the Entomo-
logical Society of Washington (of which he never misses a meeting),
and honorary fellow of the Entomological Society of America, "Mr.
Schwarz is held in high and universal esteem by the entomological
fraternity of the country, who would unanimously second his nomina-
tion to the honor now bestowed. — J. M. ALDRICH, U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C.

The University of Michigan- Williamson Expedition to Brazil.

Our previous notice (this volume, page 216) of this expedition left
it at Porto Velho, Amazonas, Brazil, where it remained until May 30,
1922. On April 30 it was noted of the Odonata : "Both species and
individuals seem less numerous than when we were here before [i. c.,
Jan. 21 — March 5, 1922]. Certain species are no longer seen, but no
new ones appear to have taken their place ;" on the other hand, "some
things like Lais, Chalcopteryx, etc., are much more common now."
[May 9]. Considerable collecting was done on the city water supply
creek, at this time 12 — 15 feet wide and 2 — 5 feet deep. In the last
week of April it rained "every day and sometimes practically all day.
We managed to put up one box of bugs, however." Nevertheless the
second of May "was the record catch for the trip, 269 specimens to put
up last night."* "Had a lively battle with a bunch of pestiferous little
ants to-night (May 3). First discovered them in the collecting kit
making way with the day's catch ; then found they were in the drier
getting after yesterday's stuff."

On May 9 it was noted: "Rainfall is now much less — larger creeks
are wadable — but there are too many cloudy days." On May 10 Mr.
J. H. Williamson had a return of the malarial fever. On May 12 and
14 Mr. Strohm collected at San Antonio, Matto Grosso, Brazil, as
single day trips from Porto Velho.

On May 30 the Expedition left Porto Velho on a strainer of the

*But cf. Manaos, June 17, "Last night we papered 280 dragonflies."

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 243

Amazon River Steam Navigation Co. for Manaos ; proceeding down the
Madeira River, many stops were made, at some of which (Humayta,
Manicore, Borha) a little collecting was done. On the Madeira below
I '.< irba and on the Amazon, which was entered on June 3, the "waters
overflowed banks, cacao groves, banana fields, etc. Native huts hall
submerged and cattle kept on rafts."

One June 4 Manaos was reached. "Rio Negro is now [at] highest
stage ever recorded, being 2y2 inches higher than in 1909, the former
high water mark. Back water appears in the streets in places and the
river is still rising." On June 21 Mr. Williamson wrote : "Rio Negro
stays at same high level. Frequent rains keep the swamps and creeks
in the hills well tilled — much better collecting than when rains cease
and they go down a foot or two." During this month collecting was
done at Manaos itself and between the city and Flores, to which a
street car runs. "Real original growth forest was seen for first time
to-day [June 18]. Near the road — except where under present culti-
vation— was the usual second growth, so common around Manaos, but
beyond this, the original forest began in lines plainly marked where
clearing had ceased. [This was about 7 miles beyond Flores.] In the
bottom or swamp lands between the hills there probably has been little
or no clearing and no big trees ever grew." On June 17 the total catch
of dragonflies was estimated at 7697 specimens and 157 species.

In the beginning of July a "friage" or cold wave, temperature 74"
F., was experienced, lasting seven days. On July 2, taking steamship,
the expedition proceeded from Manaos up the Rio Negro, which is split
into many channels and full of long, wooded islands, the latter, like
the river banks, being completely flooded, only the tops of trees visible.
On July 6 Santa Isabel was reached without having seen any favorable
collecting grounds on the way. At this place, 423 miles from Manaos,
indications of a different Odonate fauna were obtained. The return
to Manaos began July 8 and on July 11 "many teneral Diasialops and
four other species of teneral Libellulines were caught by ourselves and
fellow passengers," while "large numbers of Tholymis came out from
hore at sunset, but only caught two as they flew over the boat."
Manaos was reached near midnight July 12.

"It is indeed fortunate that we made Porto Velho our chief objective
on the trip instead of any of the so-called towns along the Negro. There
is nothing worthy the name of village above Manaos. Xo place have
we seen collecting ground for one real day's work, let alone a monthly
stop which would be necessary here. Haven't seen a creek all the way
up; there may be -<>nie but the flooded country lias them well con-
cealed. I imagine one would have to travel several hundred miles above
Santa Isabel by launrli and caiun- before reaching .^ond collecting s|
and tV MI }}••• would prartieally have to camp out to work them" ( Julv
11, 1922).

From July 13 to 22 some further collecting was done in the vicinity

244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '22

of Manaos, bringing the estimated total of specimens and species of
Odonata up to 8315 and 162 respectively. There was much cloudy
weather and frequent showers. On July 21 "we collected Agrionines in
Mr. Russell's house. They were quite numerous flying about, nosing
along walls, furniture, etc., and resting on everything in sight from
picture cords to the centre of a bed. Though we have caught some of
this species in the house heretofore, they were never so numerous as
to-day. Some were netted, many were caught by hand."

On July 22 the expedition took steamer from Manaos for Para. The
Rio Negro had fallen only \l/2 feet since its new high water mark and
the Amazon was still flooding the country to Para, which was reached
on July 29.

Expectations were that the Expedition would leave Manaos about
August 1 for Para, leave Para about September 3 for Rio, arriving
there September 17. (From Mr. Jesse H. Williamson's "log" and
letters).

The Stridulation of a North American Noctuid, Heliocheilus
paradoxus Grote (Lep.).

On the night of August 16th, 1921. while at Amarillo, Texas, an
effort was made to secure species of Tettigoniidae by listening for their
stridulation and then locating the singers with the aid of a hand flash-
lamp. A wide grassy plain was visited, but it was soon evident that
search would be unproductive. Only a few specimens had been heard
and these at widely separated spots.

While standing in the knee-high grasses all was silent, when suddenly
a faint stridulation became audible. Again and again this sound was
approached, but nothing could be located. Finally, when undoubtedly
close to a singer, a small huffy moth was seen to be hovering in the
shaft of our light, just above the weeds and grasses, holding itself over
the same spot by flying against the brisk breeze that was blowing. Sud-
denly it flew away and the sound ceased. The singer was in fact a
moth and not one of the smaller katydids, as had been supposed.

After this, several specimens were easily secured by following up
the sound they produced, all acting just as the first individual had done.
The stridulation was like "the ticking of a loud watch, but much faster
and easily audible to good ears at a distance of twenty feet." When
alarmed a singer would fly away noiselessly and at great speed.

The species has been, identified by Dr. Henry Skinner as Heliocheilus
paradoxus Grote.1 Stridulating organs for the Agaristidae and Noc-
tuidae have been discussed by Dr. Jordan in 1921,- but we know of noth-
ing in the literature bearing on the stridulation of the present insect or
other North American Noctukls. The species is huffy and not strik-
ingly marked. Toward the costal margin of the fore-wings, the highly
specialized Stridulating area is found. — MORGAN HEBAKU.

1 Described from Colorado, Proc. Ent. Soc. 1'hila., IV, p. 32'). pi. J,
figs. 3 ($), 4 (9), 5 (9, reverse), (1865).

2 Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., V, p. xxxiii.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOMH.K AI. NKVYS 245

Mulford Biological Exploration of the Amazon Basin
News Bulletin No. 9.

The following letter from Dr. \Y. deC. Ravenel, Administrative
Assistant to the Secretary in charge of the U. S. National Museum,
was recently received by Mr. Milton Campbell, President of the H. K.
Mulford Company :

"I now take pleasure in advising you that a large amount of addi-
tional material collected by Dr. William M. Mann, while a member of
your Exploration Expedition, has been turned over to the collections,
comprising insects, mammals, shells, crustaceans and textiles. All of
the material is recorded as a gift in the name of the Mulford Biological
Exploration of the Amazon Basin, and 1 would repeat my assurances
of our appreciation of the generous interest which has been manifested
in the national collections."

In reply to the communications from Dr. Ravenel, Mr. Campbell,
President of the H. K. Mulford Company, thanked him for the gen-
erous expressions of appreciation and said, "It is a pleasure indeed to
present these collections to the Smithsonian Institution in view of the
splendid work the Institution is doing and its importance to the
country." — R. H. HUTCHISON, Secretary. Philadelphia, Pa.

The Exchange of Scientific Literature with Russia.

Apropos of the note on this subject published in the NEWS for June
of this year, page 186, we reprint the following from Science for July
14, 1922, page 45 :

"The officers of the Russian Entomo-Phytopathological Congress sent
a request some months ago to American scientific societies and investi-
gators to send to Rus.sia literature on entomological and phytopathologi-
cal matters.

"In connection with this request the Russians promised to send Russian
scientific literature in exchange. Certain difficulties, however, have
been found to exist, principal among which is a regulation by the Soviet
••', \eniment, made about two months ai-o, which prohibits the sending
out of literature from Russia without a special permit. This permit
seems very difficult to get. The Russian scientific men, therefore, who
have received American scientific literature in response to their request,
feel much embarrassed by their inability to respond by sending Russian
literature here, and I have promised to make known, in this way, the
facts which have prevented their promised sending of Russian literature
to those Americans who have kindly sent scientific papers to them.-
YKRNON KELLOCL."

In this connection we may caM attention also to the arrangements
which have been made for sending scientific works to Russia, described
at lenet'n in Science for June 22. }t>22. pa^cs nn7-o68.

24f> ENTOMOLOGICAL NF.WS [Oct., '22

mo logical Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy -Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Kn-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology. see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B,

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 5 — Psyche, Cam-
bridge, Mass. 6 — Journal of the New York Entomological Society.
8 — The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 — The Ento-
mologist, London. 10 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society
of Washington, D. C. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural His-
tory, London. 12 — Journal of Economic Entomology, Concord,
N. H. 13 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal.
19 — Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 20 — Bulletin
de la Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 21 — The Entomol-
ogist's Record, London. 22 — Bulletin of Entomological Research,
London. 29 — Annual Report of the Entomological Society of On-
tario, Toronto, Canada. 34 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique
de Belgique, Brussels. 46 — Contributions to the Natural History of
the Lepidoptera of North America. Ed. by Wm. Barnes. 48 —
Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 49 — Entomologische Mitteilungen,
Berlin-Dahlem. 50 — Proceedings of the United States National
Museum. 64 — Parasitology, London. 68 — Science, Garrison-on-the-
Hudson, N. Y. 76 — Nature, London. 77 — Comptcs Rendus des
Seances de la Societe de Biologic, Paris. 86— ,The Quarterly Jour-
nal of Microscopical Science, London. 89 — Zoologische Jahrbucher,
Jena. 90 — The American Naturalist, Lancaster, Pa. 91 — The Sci-
entific Monthly, Lancaster, Pa. 92 — Archives de Zoologie Experi-
mentale et Generale, Paris. 98 — Annals of Tropical Medicine_ and
Parasitology, Liverpool. 99 — Bulletin du Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 100 — Biological Bulletin of the Marine
Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 106 — Anales de la
Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Aires. 109 — Annales Histo-
rico-Naturales Musei Nationals Hungarici, Budapest. 110 — Natur-
wissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Jena. Ill — Archiv fur Naturge-
schichte, Berlin. 118 — Die Naturwissenschaften, Berlin. 119 — Pro-
ceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U. S. A..
Washington, D. C. 124 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique
d'Egypte, Cairo. 127 — Archiv fur Entwicklungsmechanik der Orga-
nismen, Berlin. 128 — 'Zeitschrift fur Induktive Abstammungs- und
Vererbungslehre, Leipzig. 141 — Internationale Entomologische Zeit-
?cbrift, Guben, Germany. 142 — Notulac Entomologicae, Helsing-
fors, Finland.

GENERAL. Griddle, N.— The entomological record, 1920. 29,
li, 72-90. Felt, E. P. — The possibility of exterminating insects 91,

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\VS 247

xv, 35-41. Hayes, W. P. — Method of procedure in insect life his-
tory investigations. 4, liv, 73-7. Hoffmann, A. — Entomologen-
addressbuch. Annuaire des entomologistes. (Wien, 1921, 434 pp.,
Yerlag Adolf Hoffmann.) Hoffmann, F. — Deutsche insektennamen
in Brasilien. 124, ii, 65-6. Horn, W. — Et meminisse et vaticinari
liceat. Ueber oxenstjerna und entomologische museologie. 49, xi,
42-3. Howard, L. O. — A side line in the importation of insect
parasites of injurious insects from one country to another. 119,
viii, 133-39. Lochhead, W. — Inter-relations in nature. 29, li, 53-60.
Nuttall, G. H. F. — The Molteno institute for research in parasitol-
ogy. University of Cambridge, with an account of how it came to
be founded. 64, xiv. 97-126. Rau, P. — Ecological and behavior
notes on Missouri insects. (Trans. Ac. Sc., St. Louis, xxiv, No. 7.)
Rowland-Brown, H.— Obituary. 9, 1922, 121 -3. Williamson, E. B.
—Keys in systematic work. 68, Iv, 703.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Armbruster, L.— Vom
horen der insekten (Bienen). 118, 1922, 602-3. Betts, A. D.— The
Spiracular muscles in hymenoptera aculeata. 76, cix, 813-4. Bon-
nier, G. — Double sex-linked lethals in Drosophila melanogaster.
(Act. Zoologica, Stockholm, 1922, 135-52.) Brecher, L. — Die pup-
penfarbungen des kohlweisslings, Pieris brassicae. Die puppen-
farbungen der Vanessiden (Vanessa io, V. urticae, Pyrameis cardui,
P. atalanta). 127, 1, 41-78; 209-308. Breitenbecher, J. K.— Somatic
mutations and elytral mosaics of Bruchus. 100, xliii, 10-22. Bug-
nion, E. — The growth of the antennae and cerci of the cockroach.
The growth of the antennae of Empusa egena. 124, 1921, 56-66;
118-32. Cholodkovsky, N. — Sur les glandes colleteriques de 1'ap-
pareil genital feminin des lepidopteres. Contribution a la connais-
sance des glandes salivaires des dipteres. (Bui. Ac. Sci. Russie
(6), 1918, 1351-56.) Cole, W. H. — Note on the relation between the
photic stimulus and the rate of locomotion in Drosophila. 68, Iv,
678-9. Crampton, G. C. — The derivation of certain types of head
capsule in insects from crustacean prototypes. 10, xxiv, 153-57.
Dewitz, J. — \Vcitere mitteilungen ueber die entstehung der farbe
gewisser schmetterlingkokons . . . . 89, Ab. f. Zool., xxxviii, 365-101.
Federici, E. — Lo stomaco della larva di Anopheles claviger, r la
dualita dellc cellule mesointestinali degli insetti. (Atti R. Ac. Na/.
Liiu-ei, xxxi, 264-68, 394-97.) Frisch, K. v. — Ueber den sitz des
geruchsinnes bei insecten. 89, Ab. f. Zool., xxxviii, 149-516. Genieys,
p. — Sur le determinisme des variations de la coloration chez tin
hymenoptere parasite. 77, Ixxxvi, 1080-83. Goldschmidt & Machida

-Ueber zwei eigenartige gynandromorphe drs schwammspinners
Lymantria dispar. 128, xxviii. 2 19-258. Gowen & Gowen— Com-
plete linkage in Drosophila melanogaster. 90, Ivi, 286-8. Grandi, G.

—Studio morfologico e biologico della Blastophaga psenes. (An.
R. Sc. Sup. Agric., Portici, xvi, 33-144.) Haviland, M. D.— On the
post-embryonic development of certain chalcids, hyperparasites of
aphids. 86, Ixvi, :;:M-38. Hollande, A. C.— La cellule pericardiale
des insectes. (Arch. Anat. Microsr.. 1'aris, xviii, 85-307.) Horst,
A. Zur kenntnis der biologic und morphologic einiger Elateriden

248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | < )ct., '22

und ihrer larven. Ill, 1022, A. 1, 1-87. Hovasse, R.— Differences
de proprietes histochiiniques entre 1'heterochromosome et les autres
chromosomes de Gryll.us domesticus. 77, Ixxxvii, 316. Hyde, R. R.

—A high fecundity record for Drosophila melanogaster. (Proc.
Indiana Ac. Sc., 1921, 259-60.) Ives, H. E.— The fire-fly as an
illuminant. (Jour. Frankl. Inst., Phila., cxciv, 213-30.) Lancefield
& Metz — The sex-linked group of mutant characters in Drosophila
willistoni, 90, Ivi, 211-41. Macfie, J. W. S. — On the genital armature
of the female mosquito. 98, xvi, 157-88. Martini, E. — Ueber den
bau der ausseren mannlichen geschlechtsorgane bei den stech-
mucken. Ill, 1922, A. 1, 134-42. Morgan, L. V.— Non-criss-cross
inheritance in Drosophila melanogaster. 100, xlii, 267-74. Mueller,
A. — Ueber den bau des penis der tachinarier und seinen wert fur
die aufstellung des stammbaumes und die artdiagnose. Ill, 1922,
A, 2, 45-166. Muller, M. — Rhyphus und Mycetobia mit besonderer
berucksichtigung des larvalen clarmes. Ill, 1922, A, 2, 1-44.
Mutschler, O.— Der farbensinn der biene. 110, xxi, 349-50. Paw-
lowsky, E. — On the anatomy of Phymateus hildebrandti (Orthop-
tera, Phymateidae) in connection with the peculiarities of its der-
mal secretion. (Sc. Res. Zool. Exped. Br. E. Africa & Uganda, bv
Dogicl & Sokolow, Petrograd, i, No. 3.) Payne & Denny — A
gynandromorph in Drosophila melanogaster. 90, Ivi, 383-4. Przi-
bram, H. — Verpuppung kopfloser raupen von tagfaltern. 127, 1.
2():'.-s. Snodgrass, R. E. — Mandible substitutes in the Dolichopo-
didae. 10, xxiv, 148-52. Stumper, R. — L'influence de la temperature
sur 1'activite des fourmis. 77, Ixxxvii, 9-10. Thienemann & Zavrel

—Die metamorphose der Tanypinen. (Arc. f. Hydrobiol. u. Plankt..
Stuttgart, Suppl. Bd., ii, 566-654.) Thomson, A. L. — Notes on the
regeneration of the fore-limb in various genera of Mantidac. 127,
1, 192-202. Titschack, E. — Beitrage zu einer monographic der
kleidermotte, Tineola biselliella. (Zeit. f. Tech. Biol., Leipzig, x,
1-168.) Wheeler, W. M. — Social life among the insects. 91, xv.
68-88. Whiting, P. W. — Heredity in the honey-bee. (Jour, of
Heredity, Washington, D. C., xiii, 3-7.) Zeleny, C. — The effect of
selection for eye facet number in the white bar-eye race of Droso-
phila melanogaster. (Genetics, vii, 1-115.)

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Chamberlin, R. V.— Notes on West Indian
millipeds. 50, Ixi, Art. 10. Further studies on North American
Lithobiidae. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Mass., Ivii, 2.">9-:iS2.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Ahlberg, O.— Thysanoptera from Juan
Fernandez and Easter Island. (Nat. Hist. J. Fern. & East. Tsl., iii,
Zool., 271-76.) Clemens, W. A. — A parthenogenetic mayfly (Ann-
letus ludens). 4, liv, 77-8. Snyder, T. E. — New termites from
Hawaii, Central and South America, and the Antilles. 50, Ixi. Art. 211.

xxxiii, '22\ ENTOMOLOGICAL \I-:\VS 249

ORTHOPTERA. Davis, W. T.— Notes on katydids. 6, xxx,
73-4. Griffini, A. — Sopra due Gryllacris del Museo di Budapest.
109, xii (1914), 249-60.

Cabrera, J. — Descripcion de dos nuevas especies Cubanas de
orthoptcros del genero Eurycotis. (Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat..
"F. Poey," iv, 94-5.)

HEMIPTERA. Funkhouser, W. D. — New records and species
of South American Membracidae. 6, xxx, 1-35. Gowanlock, J. N.
-The periodical cicada. 68, Ivi, 144. Hussey, R. F. — A biblio-
graphical notice on the Reduviid genus Triatoma. 5, xxix, 109-2!!.

Bergroth, E. — The American species of Ploeariola. 142, ii, 49-51
(cont.). Davis, W. T.-i-An annotated list of the cicadas of Virginia
with description of a new species. 6, xxx, 36-52. Penny, D. D. — A
catalogue of the California Aleyrodidae and the descriptions of four
new species. 13, xiv, 21-36.

LEPIDOPTERA. Aurivillius, Prout & Meyrick— Lepidoptercn
vom Juan Fernandez und der Oster-Insel. (Nat. Hist. Juan Fern.
& Easter Isl., iii, Zool., 255-70.) Chamberlin, W. J. — A new lepi-
dopterous enemy of yellow pine in Oregon. 6, xxx, 69-71. Colle-
nette, C. L. — Protective devices by lycaenid butterflies against the
attacks of lizards and birds. (Str. Branch R. Asiatic Soc., Jour.
No. 85, 2110-4.) Forbes, W. T. M. — The position of the Dioptidae.
Stridulation in another family of Lepidoptera. Haploa and Calli-
morpha. 6, xxx, 71; 72. Le Cerf, F. — Description d'Hesperides
nouveaux. 99, 1922, 162-5. Meyrick, E. — New microlepidoptera of
the German entomological institute. 49, xi, 44-7. Niepelt, W. —
/\vei neue formen sudamerikanischer tagfalter. 141, xvi, 67. Ober-
thur, C. — A propos de la synonymic de certains Hesperia et Lycae-
nidac americains. 20, 1922, 124-7. Etudes de lepidopterologie com-
paree. Fasc. xix, part 1-2. Pearson, G. B. — California in October
and December. 21, xxxiv, 113-14. Pruffer, J. — Verzeichnis der
schmctterlinge aus Peru. . . . (Discip. Biol. Arch. Soc. Sci. Varsa-
vienisi, i, 1-14.) Schaus, W. — New species of Pyralidae of the sub-
family Crambinae from tropical America. 10, xxiv, 127-45.

Barnes & Benjamin — Xotes on Automeres. Revision of Grotella.
Notes on Cucullianac. Notes on Drepana. New genera and species.
46, v, 1-50. Braun, A. F. — Microlepidoptera: Notes and new spe-
cies. 4, liv, 90-4.

DIPTERA. Alexander, C. P.— (Jndescribed crane-flies in the
Paris national museum (IV). 99, 192:2, 73-5. Bequaert, J. — Tin-
North American species of Cryptolurili i (Pseudopyrellia), (Antho-
myiidae). 5, xxix, 89-91. Bezzi, M. — Note sur la presence en Algerie
du Sphynuvphala lu-arseiana, de I'lnile it sur la synonynik- de ce
diptere. 99, L922, 69-72. Bischoff, W.- Zur kenntnis der Hlepharo-

250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '22

ceriden. 89, xlvi, Abt. f. Syst., 61-120. Brethes, J. — (See under
Hymenoptera). Cockerell, T. D. A. — The dipterous family Ble-
phariceridae. 9, 1922, 135. Dyar, H. G. — The mosquitoes of the
United States. 50, Ixii, Art. 1. Edwards, F. W. — Mosquito Notes.
22, xiii, 75-] 02. Evans, A. M. — Notes on the Culicidae in Vene-
zuela, with descriptions of new species. 98, xvi, 213-22. Ferris &
Cole — A contribution to the knowledge of the Hippoboscidae. 64,
xiv, 178-205. Kertesz, K. — Vorarbeiten zu einer monographic der
Notacanthen. 109, xii (1914), 449-557. Leathers, A. L. — Ecological
study of aquatic midges and some related insects with special refer-
ence to feeding habits. (Bui. Bur. Fish., Washington, xxxvii. Doc.
No. 915.) Malloch, J. R. — An unusual taxonomic character in Syr-
phidae. 19, xvii, 42. Marshall, J. F. — The -destruction of mosquito
larvae in salt or brackish water. 68, cix, 746-7. Thienemann, A.—
Pelopia und Tanypus. Bemerkungen zur nomenklatur der Meigen'-
schen Chironomidengattungen. (Arc. f. Hydrobiol. u. Plankt., Stutt-
gart, Suppl. Bel., ii, 555-65.)

Aldrich, J. M. — A itew genus of two-winged fly with mandible like
labella. 10, xxiv, 145-8. Curfan, C. H. — New and little known
Canadian Syrphidae. 4, liv, 94-6. Johnson, C. W. — New genera
and species of Diptera. (Oc. Pap. Boston Soc. N. H., v, 21-6.)
Van Duzee, M. C. — Three new species of Parasynthormon with a
table of species (Dolichopodidae). 4, liv, 88-90.

COLEOPTERA. Cameron, M. — Descriptions of new species of
Staphylinidae from the West Indies. 11, ix, 633-52. Chamberlin,
W. J. — A review of the genus Poecilonota as found in America,
north of Mexico, with descriptions of new species (Buprestidae).
6, xxx, 52-66. Champion, G. C. — The synonymy and distribution
of Pantomorus godmani, a cosmopolitan weevil attacking roses,
greenhouse plants, etc. 8, Iviii, 161-2. Frost, C. A. — Occurrence of
Agrilus coeruleus in America. 4, liv, 96. Garnett, R. T. — Notes sur
le Dinapate wrightii. 20, 1922, 119-21. Heller, K. M.— Springende
blutenkelche, verursacht durch ein neues Apion. 49, xi, 52-4. Hus-
tache, A. — Synonymic et dispersion de Pantomorus godmani. 20,
1922, 100-1. Jeannel, R. — Silphide Leptininae ct morphologic com-
paree du Leptinus testaceus et du Platypsyllus castoris. 92, Ix,
557-92. Kleine, R. — Studien uber die Nemocephalini. Ill, 1922, A,
1, 143-51. Knaus, W. — Notes on a rare Buprestis. 6, xxx, 66-68.
McCulloch, J. W. — Longevity of the larval stage of the cadelle. 12,
xv, 240-3. Marshall, G. A. K. — Some injurious Neotropical weevils.
22, xiii, 59-74. Pic, M. — Coleopteres Malacodermes nouveaux des
collection du museum. 99, 1922, 157-61. Portevin, M. G. — Note
sur quelques Silphides et Liodides de la collection Grouvelle. 99,
1921, 535-38. van Emden, F. — Die fuhler der Halipliden. 49, xi,
50-1. Walker, J. J. — An American Scarabaeid in dried fruit. 8,

XXXl'ii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 251

Iviii, 102. Weiss, H. B.— -Nuic>. on the pulfball beetle, Caenocaru
oculata. 5, xxix, 92-4.

Knull, J. N.— Annotated list of the Buprestidae of Pennsylvania.
4, liv. ;(.»-si). Weise, J. — Ueber einige amerikanische und austr liische
nach Sudfrankreich eingefuhrte Coccinelliden. 48, xxxix, 104.

HYMENOPTERA. Brethes, J.— Himenopteros y Dipteros de
varias procedencias. 106, xciii, 119-46. Champlain, A. B. — Record*
of hymenopterous parasites in Pennsylvania. 5, xxix, 93-100. Davis
& Bequaert — An annotated list of the ants of Staten Island and Long
Island, N. Y. 19, xvii, 1-25. Donisthorpe, H. — The colony found-
ing of Acanthomyops (Dendrolasius) fnliginosus. 100, xlii, 173-84.
Emery, C. — L'ouverture cloacale des formicinae ouvrieres et fe-
nu-lles. 34, iv, 62-5. Herbst, P. — Zur biologic cler gattung Chili-
cola. 49, xi, 63-8. Mann, W. H. — Ants from Honduras and Guate-
mala. 50, Ixi, Art. 13. Mercet, R. G.- El genero Azotus (Calci-
didos). (Bol. R. Soc. Espanola de Hist. Nat., Madrid, xxii, 196- ..
200.) Plath, O. E. — Notes on Psithyrus, \vith records of two new
American hosts. 100, xfiii, 23-44. Smith, E. J. — The rediscovery of
Odynerus (Ancistocerus) waldenii. 4, liv, 87. Szepligeti, V. — Ich-
ntumoniden aus der sammlung des Ungarischen Nat. Museum. 103,
xii (1914), 414-32. Turner, C. H. — A week with a mining cumenid:
an ecological behavior study of the nesting habits of Odynerus clor-
salis. 100, xlii, 153-72. Wheeler, W. M. — Observations on Gigan-
tiops destructor, and other leaping ants. 100, xlii, 185-201.

Brues, C. T. — On the hymenopterous genus Harpagocryptus and
its allies. 5, xxix, 101-9. Mocsary, A. — Chrysididae plerumque
exoticae novae. 109, xii (1914), 1-72. Weld, C. J.— Studies on
chalcid-flies of the subfamily Leucospidinae, with descriptions of
n. sps. 50, Ixi, Art. 6. Weld, L. H. — Notes on American gall-flies
of the family Cynipidae producing galls on acorns, with descriptions
of n. sps. Notes on cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new N.
American sps. 50, Ixi, Art. 18 and Art. 19.

ETUDES DE LEPIDOPTEROLOGIK COMI>\KKK. By CHARLES OBERTHUR. Vol-
ume XIX. part 2. Rennes, France, May, 1922. This volume contains
an introduction by Mr. Obertluir and the following" papers: A Contri-
bution to the Study of the Aegeriidae, with descriptions of new species
and varieties, by F. Le Cerf. The editor makes some interesting remarks
on the species of Paniasshts in Central Asia, which are followed by an
article by Andre Avinoff on Parnassius adcstis Or. M. Oberthur
presents an article on Syriclitns al-i-cus. These difficult Hcsperidae are
receiving much study in Humpe. Additional notes are given on the
Lepidoptera of Morocco. Sonic oi the interesting l.epidoptera of
Madagascar receive consideration by the editor, the beautiful

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Oct., '2J

riphcus being particularly mentioned. Prof. C. I loulhert makes a valu-
able contribution, a study of the Melanargiinae of China and Siberia.
There are 28 plates with the numerous species figured in color. These
plates are of the superb character of those we have mentioned as appear-
ing- in former volumes. M. Oberthiir richly deserves the thanks of all
Lepidopterists for the production of this valuable series. — H. SKINNER.

PROFKSSOR BENEDICT JAEGER, Early Entomologist of Xew Jersey.
Under this title, Mr. Harry B. Weiss has contributed a biographical
sketch to the Proceedings of the Xczv Jersey Historical Society (new
series, vol. VII, No. 3, pp. 196-207, Xewark, N. J., July, 1922). The
author tells us that his interest in Jaeger "was first aroused by read-
ing in Mr. John D. Sherman's 'Catalogue 10 of- Books on Insects'
the following statement referring to Prof. Jaeger's book on 'The Life
of North American Insects' : 'famous as the most worthless of all
American Insect books'." In his usual painstaking way, Mr. Weiss
brings together a number of scattered bits of published and un-
published information on his subject. Jaeger was born in Vienna,
Austria, in 1789, came to the United States in 1831 and died in Brook-
lyn, August 17, 1869. His activities in natural history embraced other
groups of animals in addition to insects and also plants. — P. P. CALVERT.

NOMENCLATOR CoLEOPTEROLOGicus. Eine etymologische Erklarung
samtlicher Gattungs- und Artnamen dcr Kafer der deutschen Fauna
sowie der angrenzenden Gebiete. Zweite Auflage In Verbindung mit
Prof. Dr. R. SCHMIDT herausgegeben von SIGM. SCHENKLING. Jena
Verlag von Gustav Fischer 1922. 8vo., pp. iv, 255. Price in paper
binding 95 Marks, in cloth 125 Marks. — In 1894 Herr Schenkling pub-
lished the firs! edition of this book, now long since out of print. In
1917, at the expense of the German Union of Teachers of Natural
Science, he issued an "Explanation of the scientific names of beetles
in Reitter's Fauna Germanica" (Lutz, Stuttgart, publisher). This new
edition of the Nomenclator Coleopterologicus goes beyond the "Ex-
planation" in that it gives not only the meanings (in German) of
the generic and specific names, but also their roots, both Greek and
Latin, the quantity of the syllables of the roots, and a detailed chapter
(pp. 1-12) on entomological nomenclature, explanations of technical
terms and translations of a number of Latin adjectives, adverbs, num-
erals and conjunctions "so that one not acquainted with the ancient
languages can, with the use of this book, translate Latin diagnoses and
descriptions without great difficulty" — that is, if he can read German.
The author further tells us in his preface: "One will find also in tlr's
book the explanation of many geographical names which, since they
are often not of classical origin, are sought in vain even in the larg.T
classical dictionaries. I need only hint at the high value of translation.

xxxiii, '22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\VS 253

for retaining scientific names in one's memory, as these names express,
in great measure certain peculiarities of the structure or habits."

On the philological side Herr Schenkling has had the assistance of
Prof. Richard Schmidt, of the University of Minister in Westphalia.

The greater part of the hook is divided into two sections, generic and
s'.iligeneric names (pp. 1,5-116) and "Species and their varieties; ter-
minology" (pp. 117-249), the names in both sections being arranged
alphabetically. The nature of the information given is well illustrated
by examples from each part :

Carabus L. V. Kapafios (karabos), Kafername bei den Griechen,
auch Meerkrabbe. Unmoglich von /cetvo) (keino) abschneiden. wie
Leunis will. — Vgl. Scarabaeus?

nemoralis, e, in Hainen vorkommend.

Bogemani (nicht Bogema'nni), nach dem friihercn schwedischen
Hauptmann J. C. Bogeman.

\s tbe subtitle of this Nomenclator indicates, the names included are
limited to those of the beetle fauna of Germany and of the neighboring
countries. With the increasing diffusion of European Coleoptera to
other parts of the world, however, this work will be useful to extra-
European entomologists — who read German. — P. P. CALVERT.

UNIVERSITY OF IOWA STUDIES (NATURAL HISTORY), X, I. Iowa City,
March 15, 1922. — This number contains reports on the Scutelleroidea [by
Prof. DAYTON STONER] and the Orthoptera and Dermaptera [by Mr.
A. X. CAUDELL] of the Barbados-Antigua Expedition of the University
in 1918. and a report on Scutelleroidea of the Douglas Lake Region,
Michigan, also by Prof. Stoner. The Barbados-Antigua collection of
Scutelleroidea consisted of about 800 pinned specimens, representing 17
species on Antigua (taken between June 19 and July 19) and 9 of the
17 also on Barbados (taken between May 16 and June 11). "Of the
17 Antigua species, 14 occur also in the United States and 3 are strictly
neotropical. ... As a whole the pentatomid fauna of the two
inlands seems to be Central American and Mexican in its affinities rather
than South American."

The Orthoptera and Dermaptera of the same islands consisted of 334
pecimens comprising 31 species, but no general summary accompanies
Mr. Caudell's Report.

The Scuttelleroidea of the Douglas Lake Region were collected in
July and AULMV,), 1919 and 1920. within 15 miles from the Lake, and
amount to 23 species, which may be compared with the West Indian
figures given above. Xo species is common to both lists but three
genera (.1/nrwiV/r </. I'.uxfluxtus and l\</lixits) are. Prof. Stoner makes a
brief comparison of the peiitatomid faunae of Doivl.i Lai e and oi Lake
( ikohoji, Iowa, the latter of 2<) species, 17 of which are also found at
Douglas Lake. — P. P. ("AIVKRT.

254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '22

REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL ENTOMOLOGIST 1920-21. By T. BAINBRIGCE
FLETCHER. Calcutta Superintendent Government Printing, India. 1921.
(Reprinted from Scientific Reports, Agr. Res. Inst. Pusa, 1920-21, pp.
41-59, pis. iii-viii). — The principal work done on insect pests during the
year mentioned was a continuation of the investigation of borers in
sugar cane and other gramineous plants and, on the side of pathological
entomology, on Tabanidae in connection with surra disease and on
Culicidae. A Chalcidid of the genus Phanarus? heavily infests the eggs
of several Tabanids but it lias not shown polyembryony. Twenty-one
students received training to varying extents in agricultural and sani-
tary entomology, lac- and sericulture. The collection at Pusa is now
estimated to contain rather more than 7,000 named species of Indian
insects. Among the specialists whose aid in making identification is
acknowledged are Messrs. Rohwer and Morgan Hebard, Profs. Cockerell
and Felt. The project for the preparation and publication of a cata-
logue of all described Indian insects has been approved by Government
and considerable progress made during the year. A notice of the first
part of this catalogue (on Acryclidae or Tettigidae) appeared in the
Nrws for March last, p. 95 of this volume.— P. P. CALVERT.

OBBTUARY.

WILLIAM LUCAS DISTANT, known especially for his work
on Lepidoptera and Hemiptera, died at Wanstead, Essex, Eng-
land, February 4, 1922. He was born at Rotherhithe, November
12, 1845, son of Capt. Alexander Distant, "who in old South
Sea whaling-days, sailed round and round the world, and trans-
mitted a love of roaming to< his sons," and whom the son ac-
companied to the Malay peninsula in 1867. In his earlier
years he was engaged in the tanning business and in this con-
nection spent a year in the Transvaal in 1890-91, and made a
second visit thereto in 1898. From April, 1899, to November,
1920, he was a part-time Assistant in the British Museum
(Natural History), rearranging the national collection of
Hemiptera and describing many new species. His own collec-
tion of about 50,000 specimens, chiefly in this order, and over
2500 types came to the Museum in 1911. The last decade of
his life was saddened by the loss of his wife and two younger
sons and by incurable and protracted disease.

American entomologists are especially interested in Hemip-
tera Heteroptera, Vol. I (1880-1893) and Heteroptera Homop-

xxxiii. '221 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 255

tera, Vol. I in part (1881-1905), which he contributed to the
Biologta Centrali-Ainericana. Among' his other works are
Rhopalocera Malayana (1882-1886), Monograph of the Ori-
aitol Cicadiclac (1889-1892), A Naturalist in the Transvaal
(1892), hisccta Transvaaliensia (1900-1911), Rhynchota, 7
Vols. (1902-1918), in the Fauna of British India, A Synonymic
Catalogue of Homoptcra, Part I — Cicadidac (1906), as well
as numerous shorter articles in the English journals from 18/4
to 1920. He was editor of The Zoologist from 1897 to 1914,
and a member of the Entomological Societies of London,
France, Stockholm and Belgium and a corresponding member
of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Appreciative no-
tices of him appeared in the March numbers of The Entomol-
ogist and The Entomologists' Monthly Magazine, from which
the above account is drawn.

GEORGE ALEXANDER JAMES ROTHNEV, born in 1849, died
January 31, 1922, formed an extensive collection of Oriental
Hymenoptera, many of them collected by himself in India from
1872 on. This, together with a library on the same group, he
presented during his life time to the Hope Museum at Oxford,
England. ( Ent. Mo. Mag., May, 1922.)

Another martyr to research on the nature and transmission
of typhus has fallen in the person of ARTHUR W. BACOT, who
died in Cairo, Egypt. April 12, 1922. At the invitation of the
Egyptian Government he had undertaken experiments with
lice in the laboratories of the Public Health Department and
it is supposed that he became infected by some accident. He
was previously well known for his work on the bionomics of
rat fleas (done at his home in Essex, England), of the Yellow
Fever Mosquito (which he studied in Sierra Leone in 1914-15).
and of lice in connection with trench fever (1915-17). In 1911
he was appointed Entomologist to the Lister Institute of Pre-
ventive Medicine, in 1916 Honorary Entomological Adviser to
the War Office, in 1917 to the British Trench Fever Committee
of the War Office, and in 1()20 he went to Poland with the
Typhus Research Commission of the League of the Red Cross

256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS |<)ct.. '22

Society. His earliest entomological work was with the British
Lepidoptera, elucidating many life histories and furnishing
many data for genetics. (The Entom., June, 1922.)

HENRY ROWLAND-BROWN, "one of the best known and most
popular of British entomologists," died May 3, 1922, at Harrow
Weald. He was born at Woodridings, Pinner, May 19, 1865,
educated at Rugby and Oxford, was athlete, journalist and
poet, active and efficient secretary of the Entomological Society
of London, and made the diurnal Lepidoptera of France his
special study. A number of his papers are included in M.
Charles Oberthiir's publications. Americans in attendance at
the Second International Congress of Entomology, al Oxford,
in 1912, will not fail to remember him and to regret his decease
at a comparatively early age. He bequeathed his books to the
London society and the Hope Museum, Oxford, his collection
to the latter. An obituary notice is in The Entomologist for
June, 1922.

The same number reports the death of the well-known col-
lector and author of "a very large proportion of the Rhopalo-
cera section of Seitz's Exotic Macrolepidoptera," HANS FRUH-
STORFER, at Munich, April 9, 1^22, in his fifty-ninth year.

DR. OTTO TASCHENBERG. Professor of Zoology at the Uni-
versity of Halle, author of the unfinished Bibliotheca Zoologica
II, died March 20. 1922. in his sixty-eighth year. (Wiener
Ent. Zeit., xxxix, p. 112.)

The death of Louis BEDEL, Coleopterist, was announced,
without date, at the meeting of the Entomological Society of
France, held February 8. 1922. His principal works were a
Monographic dcs Erotylicns (1870), Catalogue Raisonnc dc?
Colcnptcrcs dn Nord dc I'Afriquc and Faunc dcs CoUoptcre;;
(In Has-sin ilc la Seine, the latter two unfinished. He bequeathed
the first set of his collection to the Entomological Laboratory of
the National Museum of Natural History (Paris), the dupli-
cates, his working instruments and such of his books not
already in the Society's library to the Entomological Society of
France. (Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1922, nos. 3, 4.)

ORNITHOPTERA ALEXANDRAE.

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NOVEMBER, 1922

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXXIII No. 9

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1834-1903

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIII.

Plate X.

8

TRACHEATION OF WINGS OF EARLY LARVAL INSTARS OF ANAX JUNIUS.— SCHMIEDER.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXIII

NOVEMBER, 1922

No. 9

CONTENTS

Schmieder — The Tracheation of the
Wings of Early Larval Instars of
Odonata Anisoptera, with Special
Reference to the Development of
the Radius 257

Allen — Ovipositional Habit of Pyraus-
tomyia penitalis Coq. ( Diptera,
Tacbinidae) 263

Needham— A Peculiar Damsel fly
Nvmph of the Subfamily Thorinae
(Odon.. Agrionidae) 264

Malloch— Keys to the Syrphid Genus
Spheg'na Meigen (Dip. ) 266

Van Duzee— A New North American

Genus of Cydnidae (Hem.) 270

Martin— Studies in the Genus Hetae-
rius (Col., Histeridae) 272

Benjamin — Early Stages of Noropsis
hieroglyph ica Cram. (Lepidoptera,
Noctuidae ) 277

Malloch— Temno^toma bombylans
Linne Doubtfully American (Syr-
phidae, Diptera 278

Editorial — Insect Surveys 279

Skinner — Protoparce rustica in Florida
( Lep., : Sphingidae) and Mr. T. L.
Mead 280

The University of Michigan-William-
son Expedition to Brazil 281

Lindsey — The Authorship of the Lepi-
doptera Described in the Encyclo-
pedic Method ique, Vol. IX 281

Ferris — A Note on Timema californi-
cum Scudder (Orthoptera ; Phas-
midae) 282

Insect Photography 283

Chrvsops rostata Sucking Human

Blood in Cuba (Dip. : Tabanidae). 283

Entomological Literature 284

Obituary Note 288

The Tracheation of the Wings of Early Larval Instars

of Odonata Anisoptera, with Special Reference

to the Development of the Radius.

By RUDOLF G. SCHMIEDER, M.A., University of Pennsylvania,

Philadelphia.

(Plates X, XI )

Comstock and Needham in 1898, and Needham in 1(H)3
published, an account of the development of the wing venation
of the Odonata. In the account of Needham, 1903, the devel-
opment of the wing veins is traced through a series of larval
stages in order to show that the vein lying posterior to .1/2, the
sul modal sector of earlier authors, is really the vein AJ.v, and
that it has come to lie in this unusual position as the result of
a series of evolutionary changes in the history of the dragon
rly wing. These evolutionary changes, according to Needham,
are indicated in the ontogeny of the larval tracheae. Figs. 1
and _' in Xeedham's paper represent drawings of three stages

257

258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '22

in the development of the larval wing. These drawings are to
show: in fig. 1, A, the primitive condition in which the trachea
R s occupies its normal position anterior to ,1/1, in fig. 1, B.
the second stage, in which Ks has come to lie posterior to Ml
but is still anterior to M2, and finally, in fig. 2, the condition
obtaining in the full grown larva, in which Rs lies posterior to
M2. The occurrence of these stages in the larval wings con-
stitutes a part of Needham's evidence that the vein lying be-
tween A/2 and A/3 is the radial sector and is not a true branch
of the media.

The work of Tilly ard (1922) has again thrown doubt upon
the identity of the vein Rs, for this author does not concur in
Needham's interpretation but states that the Rs of Needham is
really a branch of the media, although receiving its tracheal
supply in part through a branch of R; and that the original Rs
has been cut off by, and become attached to, the media. While
admitting that if the ontogenetic stages described by Needham
actually occur in the developing wing rudiments of the larva,
this would constitute strong evidence in favor of Needham's
view, Tillyard doubts that such stages can be demonstrated.

It was suggested to me by Dr. Philip P. Calvert, that in view
of the doubts which had thus been cast upon the existence of
the two earlier stages described by Needham, it would be
desirable to go over the work of that author and examine the
tracheation of the earliest larval instars, since an accurate
knowledge concerning the condition of the trachea Rs at its
first appearance and of how it comes to occupy the position it
is said to assume in later instars might be of value in solving
the difficult problem of the homology of the imaghial vein Rs.

The larvae examined were those of Anax jnnlns Drury,
Gomphus villosipcs Selys and GompJuts c.rilis Selys. The wing
rudiments of these larvae were prepared and mounted essen-
tially after the manner described by Needham. In the case of
the younger ones it was necessary, because of the small si/e
of their wings, to cut out the thoracic terga and the first seg-
ment of the abdomen in one piece and, without removing or
disturbing any of the underlying tissue, to mount the piece
thus removed entire. Treated in this way, the wing rudiments

xxxiii, '22 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 259

and the delicate tracheae contained in them are suhjected to no
strain or pressure of any kind and there is practically no dan-
ger of the tracheae being displaced from their normal courses.
The figures are all from drawings made with the aid of a
camera lucida, for it was found that the earlier stages, such ns
those in which the wings were less than 0.5 mm. in length,

o O

could not be photographed, since the high magnifications neces-
sary make it impossible to get all the tracheae in focus together.
In the wing measurements given, the term "length" is used to
indicate the distance between the mid-point on the line of
articulation of the wing with the thoracic tergum and the
extreme tip of the wing.

In A mi. r, the smallest larvae posse-sing wing rudiments
which I was able to obtain were 9 to 10 mm. in length. The
wings of these larvae were 0.2 to 0.22 mm. long; three such
wings, from different larvae, are represented in figs. 1-3. The
shortness of these wings compared with their width at base1 and
the less definite arrangement of their tracheae make it imme-
diately apparent that we have to do with a much earlier stage
in the development of the wing than in the case of the earliest
stages represented by Needham's figures or by Tillyard in his
text fig. 3.

In comparing the wings in figs. 1-3, it is noted that there is
considerable variation, that there is not a single trachea which
is exactly alike in all three figures but that each may vary in
the number of its branches and that their arrangement gives
but little hint as to the manner of their disposition in the adult.
We also note that additional tracheae may often appear between
the costa and the subcosta ; in fig. 2 there are two such tracheae,
in fig. 1 there is one. I am confident in assuming that in all
cases the extra tracheae are between C and Sc and that .!/ is
always adjacent to R, for I have never found, at any stage in
.• Ina.v, any indications of extra tracheae inserted between A' and
M. Thus I have found, as Needham did, that in the earliest
stage in the development of the wing there are six principal
tracheae. The additional tracheae of which there mav he one
or more inserted between C and Sc, may persist through late-
mstars but always remain small and are of no importance.

260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS [Nov., '22

It is noted too, that variability in the number of branches
also characterizes the radius and media in this primary stage.
In figs. 2 and 3, R is two-branched, while in fig. 1 it is nn-
branched. The media is five-branched in fig. 2, while in figs. 1
and 3 it is in its more usual four-branched condition. Finally
it may be noted that the posterior two tracheae are three-
branched in fig. 2, and that in figs. 1 and 3 they are two-
branched. In regard to the costa it might be mentioned that,
at least in Anax, this trachea almost always arises not from
the same tracheal trunk as do the other wing tracheae, but from
a branch of this trunk, the accessory costo-radial trunk, which
passes out of the base of the wing. This condition is seen in
figs. 2-8 ; in fig. 1 the costa arises from the same trunk as do
the other tracheae. In Gomphus, the costa arises either directly
from the transverse basal as do the other wing veins, or from
the accessory costo-radial trunk as it does in Anav.

Returning to the radius and observing the course of its
branches in the earliest stages, we note that there is no crossing
of any branch of this trachea over any part of the media. In
fig. 1 the radius is not branched at all and is entirely remote
from the media. In figs. 2 and 3 the radius has two branches,
the posterior branch being, according to the view of Needham.
the radial sector. This posterior branch, which for the present
I will continue to refer to as Rs, is in this stage entirely free,
and remote from the media. This observation apparently
agrees with that of Needham, who illustrates such a condition
in his fig. 1, A, if we disregard the difference in the sizes of
the wings in the two cases. We must, however, remember that
the wing rudiments represented in figs. 1-3, are in a much
earlier stage of development than that figured by Needham
which, he states, was 1 mm. long, as is indicated by their
smaller absolute size, the difference in the proportions of length
to width and in the great variability in the arrangement and in
the number of branches of the various tracheae.

Figs. 4-7 represent the tracheation of the wing rudiments
taken from Ana.r larvae whose body length was 13 to 13.5 mm.
These larvae are apparently of the instar following upon that
of the larvae just discussed, since on frequent collecting trips

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 261

during" August and September no larvae of an intermediate
body length were found, although those of 10 mm. and those of
13 mm. were quite plentiful. The wings of this instar were
0.4 to 0.45 mm. long, the tracheation in them was much less
variable than in those of the preceding instar. The additional
tracheae, often so prominent in the previous instar, were less
frequently observed or were at least comparatively smaller and
of little importance. Other tracheal branches, especially those
of R and M, heretofore simple, are in this stage composed of
two or more fine branches which tend to cling together. The
radius is, in all cases, at least twro-branched, a posterior branch
Rs crosses over the two anterior branches of M. In all of the
twelve individuals of this instar which were examined the
trachea Rs always behaved in this way. A single exception is
shown in fig. 7. This wing was from the same larva as the
wing in fig. 6, which represents the conditions found in all of
the other three wings of this larva. The wing in fig. 7 may
therefore be considered as a variation having no special sig-
nificance and not by any means as representing a normal occur-
rence. We again note that compared with the wing repre-
sented by Needham's fig. 1, B, the wings of Ana.v. although only
0.4 mm. in length, have outstripped, in the specialization of
tracheal paths as regards Rs, wings of Goniplnts which were
(tcstc Needham) 3 mm. in length, whilst in regard to many
other features the .-Ina.v wings are far behind the Gomphus
wings of Needham. Not only is the wing in Needham's figure
much larger and more elongated ( its length being greater than
its width at base) than the wings in my figures, but the tracheae
themselves, with the exception of Rs. speak of a more advanced
stage of development. All the tracheae, excepting C, are com-
paratively closer together at their origin and along their par-
:i.'!t'l courses; Cu and .-1 have taken on quite decidedly the
characteristic paths which they assume in anticipation of the
formation of the triangle; the nodus and the stigma are already
indicated ; and linally, the tracheal trunk supplying the win^
tracheae describes an arc of a comparatively shorter radius, a
condition more typical of later instars.

Fig. 8 represents a wing rudiment of the next succeeding in-

262

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Nov., '22

star, the larva being 15 mm. long- and the wing- 0.65 mm. in
length. Here we note again that Rs crosses over Ml and M2.
The branches of 7? and M are composed in their distal portions
of bundles of fine tracheae lying close together and often wind-
ing about each other, a condition already noted in the preceding
instar and which has now become more pronounced. C and Sc
have also developed a number of fine branches in this instar.
This wing too, has many features in addition to its much
smaller size, which indicate that it is in an earlier stage of
development than that of Needham's fig. 1, B, which shows Rs
as lying between Ml and M2.

Text Fig. A. — Wing rudiment from larva of Anaxjunius ; length of larva 33 mm.,

length of wing 1.9 mm.

Finally, in text fig. A. there is represented a wing 1.9 mm.
long, taken from a larva 33 mm. long. The wing in this stage
is considerably elongated and the fascicled condition of the ends
of the branches of R and M has been abandoned.

( To he continued. )

EXPLANATION 01* PLATE X.

Figs. 1-8. Wing rudiments from larvae of Anax junins.
Figs. 1-3, Length of larvae 9 to 10 mm., length of wings 0.2 to
0.22 mm.

Figs. 4-7, Length of larvae 13 mm., length of wings 0.4 to 0.45 mm.
Fig. 8, Length of larva 15 mm., length of wing 0.65 mm.

xxxiii, '221 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 263

Ovipositional Habit of Pyraustomyia penitalis
Coq. (Dip., Tachinidae).

By H. W. ALLEX, Agricultural College, Mississippi.

Pyraustomyia (Panzcria) penitalis Coq.* is a common
Tachinid parasite of the smartweed borer. Pyrausta am si id
Hein. Adults of this parasite were abundant at Columbus,
Ohio, during the summer of 1921 and their method of ovi-
position was several times observed. To the author at least,
their rather unique method of spanning the distance from adult
fly to concealed host was new, and differed from the varied
methods of oviposition and larviposition previously noted.

The smartweed borer infests the cane of one of the more
common smartweeds, (Polygonum pennsylvanicum} , entering
by a small hole at the node and developing within short tunnels
between the nodes, in its earlier instars in small colonies near
the tip, later as solitary larvae in the older succulent joints.

Females of Pyraustomyia penitalis in the act of ovipositing
were observed to approach an infested node and quickly fasten
a minute maggot enclosed in a very thin sheath of chorion,
upon the cane, near the entrance hole of the borer. The
maggot in all cases emerged from the sheath at once. Some
found and entered the tunnel of the borer within a few
seconds, while other instances were observed where the young
maggot had been unable to find the entrance of the tunnel 20
minutes after oviposition. Maggots emerging from the
sheath moved at first on a straight line represented roughly by
a prolongation of the longitudinal axis of the sheath, then
failing to find the entrance hole of the borer would take a
wandering course, frequently raising the anterior end and
waving the head in the air. The course of the minute maggot
after entering the tunnel of the borer until it appeared within
the body of the host was not observed. Young maggots were
recovered from the blood of borers a few hours after ovi-

* Several adults were sent to Mr. John Tothill who has recently been
\vorkiiiL' on a revision of this group of Tachinidae. He places Coquillett's
Panccria pcnitalis in the genus Pyraustomyia, Can. Ent., Vol. LIT I.
p. 201.

264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS [Nov., '22

position, indicating that soon after entering the tunnel, maggots
find their host and penetrate its body.

This manner of effecting parasitism seems remarkable in
several respects. The host, though a borer and secure during
most of its existence from the direct attack of a Tachinicl
parasite, is highly vulnerable to this specialized method of
approach, as is indicated by the frequent high rate of para-
sitism. When the borer changes from the gregarious to
solitary life, it leaves the colony tunnel and crawls on the out-
side of the cane to a joint lower down, cutting a new entrance
there, and at this period of its existence is particularly vul-
nerable to direct parasite attack. But so far as observed, this
parasite takes no interest in exposed larvae. Maggots, as
indicated by the cast sheaths, are habitually deposited at dis-
tances ranging from about one-fourth inch to over an inch
from the borer entrance. Before the parasitic life of the
maggot could begin, it was forced to perform the tortuous
and difficult journey from the point of oviposition to the en-
trance hole and then up the tunnel to the host and finally to
penetrate the body of the host. So far as observed maggots
were invariably placed near infested nodes. Superparasitism
was common, several maggot sheaths being commonly found
about the entrance containing but one borer. Many borers
were found to contain two and three maggots. Females were
induced to oviposit freely in small cages when confined
with infested canes.

A Peculiar Damselfly Nymph of the Subfamily
Thorinae (Odon., Agrionidae).

By JAMES G. NEEDHAM, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Among the aquatic insects collected by Dr. J. C. Bradley
on the Cornell Entomological Expedition of 1919-20 to South
America, there was one damselfly nymph of form so peculiar
I deem it worthy of special notice. When I first saw the speci-
men in a vial of alcohol I thought that a bur or spiny seed of
some kind was stuck to its tail, but when I got at the specimen
and undertook to remove the supposed bur I found it to be

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NK\YS 265

the highly modified middle gill that is possessed by all damsel-
fly larvae.

The curiously twisted ventral abdominal gills attached to
segments 2 to 7 and bent beneath the abdomen as well as the
form of labium and antennae show this nymph to be allied to
that of Cora obtained by Dr. Calvert in Costa Rica and de-
scribed by him in Entomological News, volume XXII, page
52. I place it, therefore, among the Thorinae. Nymphs of
three genera of this group Tliorc, l-.nthorc and Cl'.<i!coptcr\.\-
remain unknown. The wings of this specimen are badly pre-
served so that there is no venation to be seen in them that
might help to identify the genus. The wings, however, are
long and the nymph though small is apparently grown, and
on the basis of size alone I hazard the guess that it belongs to
the smallest and most highly specialized genus Chalcoptcrv.v.
or else to one of the smallest members of the genus Euihorc.
Herewith I publish figures drawn by Dr. Hazel E. Branch
and a brief description.

Fig. i. Nymph of a Thorine damselfly from Peru. To the right, a gill of same detached.

Length 17 mm., antennae 2 mm., and modified middle gill 4l/2 mm.
additional. Length of hind femora 4J4 mm., width of head 4^< mm.

Color all brown, only the sutures and the tarsi paler. On the top of
the head are seven oval bare scars that are somewhat yellowish, three
of them transversely placed and conjoined about the middle ocellus and
two pairs more laterally placed, one at the same level and almost con-
tiguous to the eye, and one pair farther back and closer together.

Head wider than thorax, abruptly narrowed behind the eye with a
broadly rounded occipital notch bordered at either side as viewed from
above by a rather sharply projecting angle. Antennae 7-jo.nted, the
7th joint pale and feebly differentiated, the second joint longest, as long
as joints 3 to 7 taken together, and one-half longer than the basal joint
and twice as long as the third joint alone. There is a line of flat scale-
like hairs bordering the inner margin of this long second joint, and a
similar patch on the side of the he-id before the eye, and a dense fringe
of scurfy hairs around the front edge of the labrum. The hinge of the

266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '22

t

labium extends rearward only to the middle of the prothorax, its median
lobe is broadly rounded and cleft only to the level of the base of the
lateral lobes. Each lateral lobe is 3-cleft at the apex into two outer,

Fig. 2. Mouth parts : a, mandible ; b, end of labium from within ; c, more enlarged tip

of lateral lobe of labium.

incurved subacute teeth, and one inner obliquely truncate and scarcely
falcate tooth.

At each side of the pronotum is the usual pair of projecting lateral
angles, the rear one being slightly larger; the legs are brown with
yellowish tarsi, the femora bare, strongly longitudinally carinate and the
tibiae similar, very weakly carinate. Wing tips extend posteriorly to
abdominal segment 6. There are high, erect dorsal hooks on segments
2 to 9. Gills on 2 to 7 decurved and twisted at the tip, three-jointed, the
basal joint bearing very short filaments along one side. There are no
lateral spines.

The lateral gills are wanting. The mid-dorsal gill is of extraordinary
form, inflated, heavily chitinized, pedicellate at base and compressed at
apex, where it is bifurcated and slightly carinate beneath, where it
bears a strong sharp tooth at each end of the inflated portion. There is
also a pair of thorn-like processes projecting laterally from the middle
of this portion.

A single 9 specimen from Enafias del Pichis, Peru (east
slope of the Andes), July 4, 1920.

Keys to the Syrphid Genus Sphegina Meigen (Dip.).

By J. R. MALLOCH, U. S. Biological Survey, Washington, D. C.
The genus Sphegina is most closely related to Neoasciit
Williston and is separable from it by the conspicuously con-
cave face, the sloping instead of erect outer cross-vein, lack
of distinct hairs on upper half of sternopleura (except in one
or two species, and in these they are very inconspicuous), much
shorter third antennal segment, and the presence of a more or

xxxiii, '221 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 267

less complete impressed curved line extending- from humerus
on each side to the transverse median impression.

The species vary much in color but in structure they are
quite constant. No use has previously been made of the
armature of the fifth sternite of the males in systematic papers
though its shape has been mentioned, and previous authors
have omitted any mention of the curved thoracic depression.

Nothing is known of the larval habits of the genus ; the
adults occur on various flowers.

Key to Males.

1. Hind tibia with a distinct elevated chitinized beaklike projection at
apex on ventral surface which is either acutely pointed or com-
pressed from each side ; apical abdominal sternite without minute
spinules, only fine hairs present

—Hind tibia either transverse at apex on ventral side or with a short
apically rounded scooplike production

2. Small species, about 5 mm. in length ; black and yellow in color, the
apical process on hind tibia beaklike and slightly curved ; hind tro-
chanters without minute black setulae.. . . flavomaculata Malloch.

—Large species, 8-9 mm. in length

3. Reddish species ; hind femora unicolorous rufous ; hind tibia with
the apical process rounded at tip and compressed from each side ;
hind trochanters without black setulae,

armatipes Malloch var. rufa Malloch.

—Black species with yellow markings ; hind femora largely black ;
hind tibia with the apical process beaklike, slightly curved, not com-
pressed from both sides ; hind trochanters with some black
setulae armatipes Malloch.

4. Scutellum transverse at apex, the two long setulose hairs separated
by ftiore than half the basal width of scutellum ; hairs at apices oi
fourth and fifth abdominal sternites strong, but no short stout
spinules present, fifth produced lobuliform at posterior angle on left
side occidentalis Malloch.

—Scutellum regularly rounded posteriorly, the setulose marginal hairs
if only two in number separated by much less than half the basal
width of scutellum

5. At least the fifth sternite with some short setulae or spinules
apically • •''

—No short spinules on fifth sternite. only fine hairs present 11

6. Both fourth and fifth sternites with some short spinules apically..?
—Only the fifth sternite with short spinules apically 9

7. Fifth abdominal sternite almost transverse at :ipt \, not noticeably
produced in the form of a rounded lobe at left posterior an»le ; the

268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '22

greater part of center of disc of both fifth and fourth sternites with
short stubby spines ; hind tibia produced scooplike at apex on

ventral side keeniana Williston.

—Fifth abdominal sternite with a central concavity in posterior margin,
the left posterior angle drawn out into a rounded lobe; hind tibia
transverse at apex on ventral side 8

8. Black spinules of fourth sternite conspicuous, stubby, extending well
on to disc; fifth tergite with a large rounded lobe; fourth tergite
without long hairs on posterior lateral angles lobata Loew.

—Black spinules on fourth sternite very sparse and fine, confined to
extreme margin of haired part ; fifth tergite with a small rounded
lobe ; fourth tergite with long soft hairs on each posterior lateral
angle punctata Cole.

9. Spinules of fifth sternite black and stubby, many fine hairs laterad of
them on the two rounded slightly elevated areas, .rufiventris Loew.

—Spinules of fifth sternite reddish, elongated on the two rounded ele-
vations laterad of the median line 10

10. Fifth sternite with a very large rounded lobe on left side at pos-
terior angle which is not heavily chitinized and is separated from
remainder of segment by a depression, the hairs long and not very
strong ; outer crossvein and fourth vein beyond bend at apex inf us-
cated petiolata Coquillett.

—Fifth sternite with a small rounded lobe which is as heavily
chitinized as the remainder of segment and not separated from it by
a depression, the hairs shorter and stronger ; veins not infus-
cated campanulata Robertson.

11. Hairs on frons erect, conspicuous, the longest as long as the entire
antenna : abdomen inconspicuously pedunculate ; arista very little
longer than antenna, densely pubescent infuscata Loew.

—Hairs of frons decumbent, short and inconspicuous, the longest not
longer than second antennal segment ; abdomen conspicuously pe-
dunculate » 12

12. Fifth abdominal sternite with a large lobe at right hind angle which
is over half as long as the sternite at middle; only the apical seg-
ment of tarsi deep black, the subapical one brownish lobulifera sp. n.

—Fifth abdominal sternite not distinctly lobed as above 1,>

1.1 Hind tibia with a slight but distinct scooplike production of the
ventral surface apically ; arista gradually tapered from base an-1
distinctly pubescent ; small species, 5-6 mm. in length,

flavimana Malloch.

—Hind tibia not produced as above, transverse at apex ; arista swollen
on about a fourth of its length from base and nearly bare ; larger
species, 8 mm. in length californica Malloch.

Key to Females.

1. Third (fourth) tergite of abdomen distinctly flared apically, fourth
with a deep notch in middle of posterior margin ; the curved linear

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 269

thoracic depression distinct and complete monticola Malloch.

-Third tergite not flared at apex 2

2. The curved linear depression of thorax extending from humerus to
the transverse median depressed line not distinct except near the lat-
ter ; third sternite distinctly longer than wide 3

-The curved linear depression distinct and complete 5

3. Hind femur with two black bands one just beyond middle and the
other at apex ; humeri pale yellow ; disc of mesonotum black, entirely
without vittae ; fore and mid tarsi yellow biannulata Malloch.

—Hind femora yellow, without black annuli ; thorax black or yellow,
with three or more or less distinct vittae ; apical two segments of
fore and mid tarsi black or brown 4

4. Third antennal segment yellow campanulata Robertson.

-Third antennal segment black or fuscous rufiventris Loew.

5. Anterior width of frons about one-third of the head width; third
sternite distinctly wider at apex than long in middle ; inner cross-
vein not more than two-fifths from base of discal cell; scutellum
usually with more than two long sctulose marginal hairs,

infuscata Loew.

—Anterior width of frons much less than one-third of the head width ;
scutellum with two setulose marginal hairs 6

6. Scutellum distinctly transverse apically, the two long setulose hairs
separated by more than half the width of scutellum ; third sternite
longer than wide 7

—Scutellum regularly rounded apically, the two setulose hairs sepa-
rated by less than one-fourth of the basal width of scutellum. .. .8

7. Hind femur conspicuously compressed on lower half apically, widest
part distinctly beyond middle ; thorax black, abdomen rufous

occidentalis Malloch.

—Hind femur very slightly compressed apically, widest part close to
middle; thorax and abdomen yellow punctata Cole.

8. Fifth (fourth visible) tergite with a shallow transverse rounded
concavity before apex which causes the tip of the segment to flare
upwards very slightly, the hairs on this segment and on fifth sternite
long and soft ; third sternite wider than long ; a robust species,
about 8 mm. in length armatipes Malloch.

—Fifth tergite normal in shape; third sternite longer than wide;
smaller species, not over 6 mm. in length 9

9. Fore and mid tarsi with the apical two segments deep black,

keeniana Williston.
—Fore and mid tarsi yellow, the apical two segments hardly darker,

flavimana Malloch.
Sphegina lobulifera sp. n.

$. — Shining black, antennae, lower half of fact- and a broad fascia
on basal half of third tergite of abdomen yellow. Legs yellow, apical

270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS [Nov., '22

tarsal segment on all legs deep black, subapical one brownish; apical
half of hind femora, a mark on apical half of hind tibiae, and most of
basal segment of hind tarsi black. Cross-veins and tips of wings
slightly clouded.

Head as in calif ornica. None of the abdominal sternites with setulae,
the peduncle moderately narrow, as in lobata. Hind femora much
swollen ; hind tibiae transverse at apices. Length, 7 mm.

Type, Plummers Island, Maryland, April 30. 1922. on
flowers of Alliaria officinalis (H. L. Viereck). Type in U. S.
National Museum.

This species has the cross-veins more erect and the lower
posterior angle of the first posterior cell less rounded than most
species. The inner cross-vein is but little in front of middle
of discal cell.

A New North American Genus of Cydnidae (Hem.).

By E. P. VAN DUZEE, San Francisco, California,* Curator,
Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences.

PSECTROCEPHALUS new genus

Allied to Pangacus but wanting ocelli, and anterior margin
of the head armed with comb-teeth. Ovate, subdepressed,
sides nearly parallel. Head broadly rounded before ; cheeks
approaching at apex of tylus but scarcely forming a notch
there ; edge strongly reflexed, the depressed submargin armed
with alternating spines and bristles ; eyes small, closely set
against anterior angles of pronotum. Ocelli wanting. Anten-
nae five-jointed; segment II thinner and slightly longer than
those following. Rostrum reaching intermediate coxae ; seg-
ment I attaining base of head, III longest and thickest. Pro-
notum subquadrate; anterior margin shallowly excavated,
flattened and punctate but immarginate, armed with one
bristle behind inner angle of each eye ; sides ciliate, slenderly
but acutely carinate ; disk without transverse depression.
Scutellum a little longer than wide, apex narrowly rounded ;
punctate, with base nearly smooth. Corium scarcely exceeding
scutellum, quite uniformly and coarsely punctured, its apex
broadly, feebly arcuate; costa ciliate nearly to apex, the

*Contributions from the California Academy of Sciences, No. 138.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\YS 271

connexivum ciliate beyond that point. Osteole without a
sulcus, opening behind a tumid elevation. Feet as in Pangacns.

This is the first American genus of Cydnidae known to me
in which the ocelli are entirely wanting. This character, with
the spinose margin of the head and longer second antennal
segment will serve to separate it from Pangacns, its nearest
relative.

Type: Pscctroccphalus coccus n. sp.

Psectrocephalus caecus new species.

Black, coarsely punctate ; antennae testaceous ; marginal cilia rufous.
Length 5 mm.

Vertex and tylus nearly smooth, the latter transversely wrinkled
toward apex ; cheeks rugosely punctate ; marginal spines as long as
thickness of 3d antennal segment ; cilia about five times the length of
the spines and nearly equal to median width of cheeks ; anterior sub-
margin armed with a long bristle either side at base of bucculae ;
anterior disk of pronotum continuously smooth, the lunate anterior
margin and broad sides punctate, as is the posterior lobe ; punctures on
scutellum shallow, becoming closer posteriorly, the base nearly smootli ;
corium closely, deeply punctate ; membrane attaining apex of abdomen ;
beneath polished, impunctate, the osteolar area opaque.

Color deep Black when mature, polished ; rostrum and antennae piceo-
testaceous, segments II and III of antennae darker; tarsi pale; mar-
ginal cilia and eyes rufous; membrane white, in one individual shorter
and sooty black.

Described from two male and three female examples taken
as follows: Pasadena, California, October 12, 1016. one pair
taken among ants under a stone by Mr. J. O. Martin ; La
Jolla, California, one female taken by me under a stone, on the
hill back of Scripps' Institution, July 27, 1913; Laguna Beach.
California, one male taken by Prof. E. O. Essig, July 15. 1913.
and one female taken by Mr. C. T. Dodds at same place, July
7, 1921, both under stones.

Holrfypr, male, No. 926, and allotype, female. No. 927,
Museum California .Academy of Sciences, from Pasadena.
Paratypes in collections of the Academy, in that of Mr. Harold
M. Jeancon and in lhat of the author. This species undoubted! \
is an inhabitant of ants' nests and may be common in such
situations.

272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '22

Studies in the Genus Hetaerius (Col., Histeridae).

By J. O. MARTIN, Berkeley, California.

All of the members of this interesting genus of the Histeridae
are. so far as at present known, myrmecophilous and aside
from this, little exact knowledge exists as to their life histories
or their relations to their hosts. Although they live at the
ants' expense, they show no signs of the degeneracy so often
accompanying parasitism and seem to be as efficient as any of
the family to which they belong. They have well developed
wings and can use them and their legs, while apparently awk-
ward, get them over the ground at a surprising rate. The
compact body of these beetles is strongly chitinized and with
its retractile head and antennae, its broad flat legs, serving as
additional abdominal protection, offers impregnable defense to
attacks of the ants. It is quite evident, from numerous obser-
vations, that the ants tolerate these beetles owing to secretions
which they exude and of which the ants are very fond. These
secretions are believed to arise at the basal thoracic angles and
there are specializations at these points which seem to support
this idea. Also the ants are known to favor this region, even to
the extent of gnawing holes through the thoracic walls, presum-
ably while the chitin is soft directly after emergence from the
pupa.

The members of this genus are all of small size, varying in
length from one and a half to three millimeters. The general
form of the body is quadrately oval with variations in the ratio
of length to breadth as well as to convexity. The general body
color does not vary greatly in the different species, being a
reddish brown similar to that common to many other insects
of myrmecophilous habits. In vestiture there is a variation
from almost complete nudity, to a considerable degree of hair-
iness. The hairs themselves vary from plain bristles, through
different degrees of plumosity to a squamose type which is
generally plumose and recumbent. These hairs offer useful
taxonomic characters, but should be used with caution as I am
convinced that the ants frequently gnaw some of them off.

The form of the prothorax is a very useful means of specific
determination and as there is a very unusual development of

xxxiii. '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 273

this sclerite, it seems advisable to designate the various feat-
ures in order to make clear the terms used in descriptions.
The dorsal surface of the prothorax is divided into three main
regions by two oblique, converging sulci, extending from the
basal to apical margins and dividing the surface into a central
discal area, with two bordering lateral areas of which the discal
a'-ea is the largest. The sulci which produce this division are
called the oblique sulci. The discal area is convex and highest
along its central portion, sloping gradually toward the apex
and also toward the sulci before reaching which it begins to
curve upward to a carinate edge forming the inner border of
the oblique sulcus. The depression which parallels this sulcus
and is a part of the discal area, is, in all of the species I have
examined, smooth, shining and impunctate, while the raised
portion of the discal area may be variously punctured and
hairy ; I shall call this depressed portion of the discal area the
oblique depression. The lateral areas lying between the oblique
sulcus and the lateral margin, are various in shape and in all
cases are extended further cephalad than the discal area. The
inner margin of these lateral areas is carinate and forms the
outer border of the oblique sulcus. Each lateral area is
divided near its basal third by a transverse sulcus which may
vary in shape and depth in the various species. The portion
of the lateral area cephalad of the transverse sulcus is gen-
erally punctate with varying hairiness and is inclined to
rugosity, while the smaller portion caudad of the sulcus gen-
erally has its inner surface at least, smooth and shining. The
surface of this division is, as a rule, convex and blister-like in
shape; T shall therefore speak of it as the bulla. It is about
this bulla that the ants seem to center their attentions and it
seems probable that here is the chief seat of glandular secretion.
The divisions <>f the prothorax above mentioned are to be
foind in all of our species at present described but in Hetaeriiis
ferrugmeus, the type of the genus, neither the oblique nor
transverse sulci are present. The oblique sulcus is indicate'!
by two parallel raised lines but there is no sulcus between them.
Of the transverse sulcus there is not the slightest indication,
neither is there any development of the bulla. In all other

274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS [Nov., '22

respects, however, this species seems to agree with our
American species.

In the pygidium and propygidium I can find no other specific-
characters than the variation in punctation and hairiness. These
variations, however, seem to be constant and offer a ready
means of separating the species. I have carefully examined a
series of eighteen specimens of Hetaeriits selus Fall, and over
twenty-five of Hetaerius tristriatus Horn, for sexual char-
acters, but have not been able to detect any here or elsewhere.
Tn the prosternum we encounter one of the most valuable
series of variations for specific separation as well as generic
division. There are two types of prosternum, separating the
genus into two well defined groups, one I shall call the sub-
cylindrical, the other the depressed type. In the first or sub-
cylindrical type, a ventral view of the prosternum' shows a sort
of vase form with its base between the coxae and its bulbous
tip at the cephalic extremity. The mesothoracic contact is
emarginate and extended into two rounded angular lobes
around the ends of the coxae. Between the coxae the sides are
suddenly convergent, followed by a gradual divergence to a
maximum at about the middle of the prosternum, at which
point there is a convergence to a neck-like constriction, then
an expansion to a bulbous extremity which has a pit-like de-
pression on its end. The cephalic portion of this prosternal
ridge is subcylindrical in bas-relief, growing less so at the
middle and becoming flat between the coxae. The second or
depressed type is the same in general plan as the above except
that there is a varying slope away from the summit of the
prosternal ridge instead of an abrupt drop as in the former.
The mesothoracic contact is margined in both types and the
extension of the bordering carina along the flattened surface
of the ridge produces the margined area.

In the head we find some differences both in shape and
punctuation, but owing to its retraction, the front is the part
most often made use of. The antennae also are difficult to
see and for this reason have probably not been mentioned in
descriptions.

The legs differ considerably in their proportions but as it
requires special manipulation to measure them, I have tried

xxxiii. '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 275

to avoid the use of this character except where it is easily
noted.

As a result of the present study I have recognized eighteen
species, two east of the Rocky Mountains and the remainder
from the Pacific side of the divide. I am confident that there
are still others awaiting discovery, especially in the higher
altitudes of the Sierras. Comparison with a paratype has
convinced me that my species nitidus is synonymous with
e.vigitHS Mann, also that the description of the latter species
was rather incomplete. Since Horn's "Synopsis of the
Histeridae," 1873* there has been no attempt to tabulate the
species of this genus and as there were then but three known
species, I offer the following table as a help in future studies
of this genus.

Hetaerius vandykei n. sp.

Form oblong oval, ratio of extreme length to breadth as seven to five.
Color fulvo-ferruginous ; punctate and hairy on all parts of the body
except the prosternum ; punctures coarse, uniform and fairly close
together; hairs except where elsewhere noted fine, long, suberect and
fulvous.

Head at vertex nearly flat, coarsely, evenly punctate and hairy ;
epistoma and labrum smooth, shining, impunctate ; front very shallowly
impressed.

Prothorax less than twice as wide as long ; sides evenly rounded
from apex to transverse sulcus, which is rounded at bottom and rather
deeply impressed. Bulla punctate and hairy on the outer two-thirds
of its surface with stiff, inward curving, plumose hairs. These hairs
are coarser than the hairs of the discal area. Discal area coarsely,
evenly, punctured, each puncture with a long, suberect, soft yellow
hair ; punctures and hairs of this area extend further into the obliqu"
depression than in any other species I have examined. Lateral area
coarsely punctured and hairy ; hairs along the margin coarser and
castaneous in color.

Elytra evenly, closely, punctate and hairy ; first dorsal stria extends
three-fourths the distance to apex, second not quite reaching apex.

Pygidium and propygidium punctate and hairy, each puncture marked
by a slightly curved, fine, depressed line in the chitin ; punctures some-
what less closely together than on upper surface, hairs depressed.

Prosternum of the depressed type ; carinae of the margined area
broadly convergent between the coxae, then diverging to one-half the
length of the prosternum, then suddenly convergent, becoming parallel
at tips, leaving the margined area open at its cephalic end. Prosternum

*Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XIII. 1873, p. 303.

276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS [Nov., '22

punctate, shining and but for a few coarse hairs between the coxae,
naked. Meso- and metasternum punctate and hairy, hairs depressed,
where the legs cover these sclerites in repose there are no hairs. Legs
hairy. The hairs on under surface of body and legs are finely plumose
and not as long as those on the thorax and elytra. Length 1.5 mm.;
width 1 + mm.

Described from an unique in the collection of Dr. E. C. Van
Dyke, who collected it in the Yosemite Valley, California, and
in whose collection the type remains.

Hetaerius pilosus n. sp.

Form broadly quadrate oval, ratio of extreme length to breadth, three
to two. Color fulvo-ferruginous. Shining throughout.

Head at vertex very slightly concave ; finely, closely punctate, minutely
rugose between the punctures which deadens the surface lustre on
vertex and front, punctures with long, curved, golden yellow hairs ;
labrum and epistoma shining but minutely rugose.

Thorax twice as broad as long ; disc smooth, shining, moderately
punctate each with a long, very fine, curved, yellow hair. Bulla punc-
tate and hairy on outer two-thirds, inner surface smooth and shining.
Transverse sulcus deep and broad at bottom. Lateral area punctate
and hairy ; these hairs and those on bulla coarser than those on the
disc ; oblique sulcus carinate on both sides to base of elytra.

Elytra smooth, shining, evenly, moderately punctured, punctures fine,
each one bearing a long, fine, curved, suberect hair which tapers to a very
fine, long point. First dorsal stria extends three-fourths the distance
to the tip of elytra; all the others reach apex; striae fine.

Pygidium smooth, shining, impunctate ; propygidium smooth, shining,
punctate, punctures more widely dispersed than on upper surface of
body, each with a long pilose hair.

Prosternum of the depressed type; carinae of the margined area con-
vergent between the coxae, thence gradually divergent to one-half
the length of prosternum at which point they converge in a nearly
straight line meeting in a sharply rounded tip, thus closing area in
front ; surface of margined area minutely acinose ; remainder of
prosternal surface punctate and acinose, punctures without hairs ;
cephalic apex of prosternum slightly emarginate and broadly depressed
at tip of ridge. Meso- and metasternum and abdominal segments smooth,
shining, impunctate. Legs smooth, shining and rather widely punctured,
punctures with short hairs. Length 2 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

A single example taken in the nest of a small dark ant at
Cypress Ridge, Marin County, California. Type in my own
collection.

This species is close to helcnac Mann from Mexico but,
according to Mr. H. C. Fall, who kindly compared it with the

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 277

type, it differs from that species in being more densely hairy
with no trace of regularity in the arrangement of the elytral
hairs, which in hclcnac are in definite longitudinal series. In
pilosns the margined area of the prosternum is closed in front
while in helcnac it is open or in some cases nearly closed. In
pilosus the propygiclium is hairy all over.

(To be continued.)

Early Stages of Noropsis hieroglyphica Cram.
(Lepidoptera, Noctuidae).

By F. H. BENJAMIN, Agricultural College, Mississippi.

Larva. — Head, bright, shining, greenish-brown, clypeus whitish, man-
dibles black, antennae white at base with last two segments black. Body
and thorax, transversely striped with three or four distinct black stripes
to each segment, one of these stripes being broadest and most conspic-
uous, and this stripe broadening out on dorsum and each latex to form
an interrupted dorsal line, and a dorso-lateral line on each side. The
transverse stripes do not go around the entire body, but end in a ventro-
lateral longitudinal black stripe below the spiracles. This stripe is
broken to surround a small spot of ground color on the segment before
the prolegs, and above each of the prolegs except the anal pair. The
spiracles themselves are surrounded by black, resembling small black
dots. A black dorsal plate on the first abdominal segment, divided
cephalo-caudad by a medial very faint line of ground color, and some-
t'mes interrupted by a more conspicuous transverse band of ground color.
General ground color bluish-slate with somewhat of a greenish cast
above the ventro-lateral line ; underneath, lighter, with the greenish cast
stronger and more pronounced. True legs, black. Prolegs, blackish
with yellowish-green in the middle. .-Inal prolegs, black. All prolegs
very strongly chitinized, giving them a peculiar shining appearance.
.-/»«/ plate, yellowish green marked by black cephalad, with a tendency
for this black to surround the yellowish green by being very faintly
present on the lateral and caudal borders of the plate. Length of larva
45 mm. Diameter 7 mm. Head 4x4 mm.

Pupa. — Reddish at first, turning darker to a very dark reddish-brown
almost blackish; the ventral part of the abdominal segments lighter.
Cremaster, with two spine-like processes extending at about 45 degree
angles from an imaginary mcsal line, with no ordinary setae visible.
ProUwracic l>'(/s, reaching cephalad to eye pieces. Mesothoracic legs,
not reaching as far cephalad. Prothoracic femora, not visible except
as a slight widening between sutures. Dorsum, of abdominal segments
pebbled with large raised granulations; between the segments are fine
L'ranulutions, those on the cephalic end coarser than those on the caudal
end, giving a sandpaper-like appearance. Spiracles, ovate, slightly

278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [NOV., '22

depressed caudad ; with a raised flattened-crescent-shaped ridge near
their cephalic margin. Mcso and metathoracic spiracles, similar to and
unmodified except in the same manner as the abdominal ones. Sutures,
all deeply impressed. Length of pupa 15-17 mm. Breadth 5-5.5 mm.

The characters used in this description are the same as those
used by Miss Edna Mosher in Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv. XII,
108-112, 1916, and would place the insect in her version of
the Hacleninae.

Cocoon. — Several spun beside, above and below each other, in crotches
of branches. The cocoon is made out of thin, coarse silk with fragments
of leaves and bits of rubbish of various sorts covering the outside. The
whole appears to have been cemented together by a fluid which hardens
into a stiff glassy substance. Shape oval, about 20 mm. long and half
as broad through the middfe.

Temnostoma bombylans Linne Doubtfully American (Syrphidae,

Diptera)

For some time I have had grave doubts as to the authenticity of the
records of Temnostoma bombylans Linne from this country and have
taken the trouble to get a specimen of the species from Europe, kindly
supplied me by Dr. M. Bezzi, for comparison with our specimens. I find
that there are differences between the specimens in our collections that
do duty for that species and the European specimen. In fact I consider
that there are two valid species, both described, from America, neither
of which is bombylans. I have seen the type of trifasciata Robertson,
sent to me by the describer, and have received data from Mr. Nathan
Banks on the type of obscura Loew. I append a diagnosis for dis-
tinguishing the forms involved.

1. Third and fourth tergites in male slightly bluish, and with short decum-
bent black setulose hairs beyond the pale fasciae, fifth tergite in fe-
male similar to fourth; narrowest part of frons distinctly wider than
anterior ocellus ; base of male hypopygium with black hairs ; tarsi of
mid and hind legs in male entirely yellow trifasciata Robertson.

- Third and fourth tergites in both sexes with yellowish or brownish
hairs beyond the pale fasciae, which are rather fine ; narrowest part
of frons not wider than anterior ocellus 2

2. Hairs on fourth tergite and base of hypopygium pale yellow, and
rather long and soft ; tarsi of mid and hind legs entirely yellow,

ol'scnra Loew.

- 1 lairs on fourth tergite and base of hypopygium brown, shorter and
stronger ; apical two tarsal segments on mid and hind legs black,

l>i>»i!>\'litiis Linne.

The male hypopygia appear to offer very good characters for the
separation of the three species. — J. R. MALLOCH, Bureau of Biological
Survey, Washington, L). C.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., NOVEMBER, 1922.

Insect Surveys.

In 1917, after the United States had entered the World
War, the importance of increasing crop production by the
control of injurious insects was immediately recognized by
entomologists, and Dr. L. O. Howard, as Chief of the Federal
Bureau of Entomology, issued a circular, republished on the
editorial page of the NEWS for May, 1917, page 229, inviting
co-operation in the reporting of insect pests. With the data,
which it was hoped, would be sent to Washington,

the central office will be able to tabulate and map the occurrence of all
injurious pests and to indicate to the men in the field the sections
which are threatened with insect damage and the means for combatting
same. With this information it will be possible to conduct a vigorous
campaign against threatening pests.

The plan thus proposed resulted in the "Emergency Ento-
mological Service." the reports of which appeared in mimeo-
graphed form and extracts from them are to be found in the
XF.WS for June. 1917 (page 283), and subsequent numbers.

It is evident that the data gathered during a period of war
are also useful in times of peace, and the American Asso-
ciation of Economic Entomologists, at its last annual meeting,
recommended that a National Insect Pest Survey be organized
under the direction of the Bureau of Entomology. Dr. Howard
arranged for such a survey under the charge of Mr. J. A.
Hyslop and Bulletin No. 1103 of the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, dated July. 1922, gives the first results
of the Survey. It is by Mr. Hyslop and is entitled Sn unitary
of Insect Conditions tJiroitylionf thr United States during
1°21. It reads:

The object of the insect-pest survey is to collect accurate and detailed
in formation, on the occurrence, distribution, ecology and relative dcstruc-
ti veil ess of insect pests throughout the United States, and to study this

279

280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fI\OV., '22

[sic] data from month to month and year to year with relation to the
several' factors that influence insect abundance. The results to be
obtained from this undertaking over a series of years are manifold; we
should be able to throw light on the reasons for the cyclic appearance of
certain insect pests, the gradual shift of regions of destructive abund-
ance, the limiting barriers to normal dispersal, the directive influences
that determine the paths of insect diffusion, and the relation of climatol-
ogy, geography, topography and geology, as well as biological complexes,
to insect distribution and abundance. This is the necessary foundation
for the next advance step in economic entomology, entomological fore-
casting.

The degree to which this Bulletin realizes these high hopes
must be decided by those who read it. The object is one well
worthy of the support of both pure and applied entomologists,
since it lies within the fields of both classes of students. It
appeals to those without as well as within the Bureau as, for
example, to Mr. John J. Davis, who has argued for An Indiana
Insect Survc\ in the Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of
Science. Mr. Davis would

explore, exploit, record, map, collect and study the insect fauna of
Indiana, determine the occurrence and range of all insects of the state
and study their relation to plants, animals, human welfare, etc. Such
a survey would include a study of the relations of insects to changing
conditions, that is, swamp areas being reclaimed by drainage, peat bogs,
sand areas and the like, being put under cultivation for the first time,
etc. It would also include studies of the small lake areas, caves and
similar places.

May all these surveys be carried out in detail !

Notes and.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF

THE GLOBE

Protoparce rustica in Florida (Lep.: Sphingidae) and Mr. T. L. Mead

Mr. Theodore L. Mead has sent us a moth, Protoparce rustica. He
says the caterpillar feeds on Callicarpa amcricana, down at his home,
Oviedo, Florida. The larva of this species appears to have a variety of
food plants. The life history is well illustrated in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS,
1900, xi, 485. Mr. Mead has not been collecting insects for forty years
but still takes an interest in them and gets specimens for friends in this
country and Europe. He was a famous collector and writer in the past
and his work is known to most Lepidopterists. — H. SKINNER.

xxxiii, '221 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 281

The University of Michigan-Williamson Expedition to Brazil.

The Expedition made collections in the vicinity of Para (see the
XFAVS for October, page 244), August 1-10. On August 13, Mr. John
W. Strohm sailed from Para for New York, with a snake chest, another
box of reptiles, etc., one trunk solid with dragonflie*, a wooden chest
lull of unnecessary supplies and other impedimenta. Mr. Jesse H.
Williamson remained at Para until the morning of August 18, when
he took steamer for Rio de Janeiro. There was much cloudiness and
some heavy rain during their stay at Para and on August 17 Mr. Wil-
liamson wrote: "Weather seems to be getting worse here instead <>i'
better;" on August 8: "Here, as elsewhere on the trip, all say the
season is unusual." As to the Odonate fauna of Para he wrote (Aug.
1! ) : "M';st tli.ngs are the same as, or so similar that 1 detect no difference
from, the Rio Madeira specimens." On Aug. 8 the Odonata of the
Expedition were reckoned at 9029 specimens of 166 species.

The Authorship of the Lepidoptera Described in the Encyclopedie

Methodique, Vol. IX.

A recent examination of the descriptions of Hesperiidae in this work
led me to the interesting discovery that the authorship of all the Lepi-
doptera should be attributed to Godart, and not to Latreille, as is com-
monly done. This was first disclosed in the footnote to Ilcspcria
yodari on page 722, and a reference to Latreille's introduction added
other evidence in support of the conclusion.

The title page of the volume would lead one to expect joint author-
ship, at least, since it mentions Latreille as author with the assistance
of Godart, but the passages by Latreille \vhich are mentioned above
disclaim all responsibility for the descriptions of species and give full
credit to Godart* The pertinent lines of the introduction read thus :
"A 1'exception des generalites preliminaires, que je m'etois reservees,
cet article Papillon lui f Godart] est absolument propre ; et si la justice
ne me commandoit point cet aveu, ie ne craindrois point d'y met t re
mon nom." (With the exception of the preliminary general remarks,
which I had reserved for myself, this article on butterflies is absolutely
his own; and if justice did not command this acknowledgment I would
not fear to place my name here). Certainly this is definite enough

*At the suggestion of the editor, Dr. P. P. Calvert, I am adding t he-
wording of the title page of the volume under discussion. It is as
follows : "Encyclopedie-Methodique— Histoire Naturelle.— Entomol.
ou Histoire Naturelle — des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes.-
Par M. Latreille,— Membre de I'lnstitut, Academic Royale des Sciences,
ctc.— Tome Neuvieme— Par M. Latreille, de 1' Academic des Science*,
et M. Godart, — ancien Proviseur du Lycee de P.onn. etc. — a Paris,
Chez Mme. Veuve a Gasse, lmprimeur-I.ihnr.re. Po ns, NTo. 0

MDCCCXIX."— A. Wr. L.

282 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov.,'22

in itself, but we find additional confirmation in the footnote to H. godart.
This footnote does not bear Latreille's name, but its tenor indicates him
as writer beyond reasonable doubt. The passage reads, in part : "Je
n'ai autre part a son travail que celle de lui avoir fourni des moyens
d'execution et de 1'avoir aide de mes conseils" (I have no other part
in his work than that of having furnished him the means of its execu-
tion, and of having aided him with my advice).

One rather contradictory point is the appearance in this work of the
species Hespcria godart, since it would be rather poor taste in an author
to name a species for himself. This is counterbalanced, however, by
the appearance on page 799 of another new species under the name of
Castnia latrcille!

The case certainly favors Godart's authorship of these species, in
spite of the common attachment of Latreille's name to them, and it
seems to the writer a matter or sheer justice that the change should
be made. A thought is suggested by this, viz., that it is all too easy to
be careless about reading introductory matter, perhaps more in syste-
matic treatises than in others. — A. W. LINDSEY, M. S., PH. D., Denison
University, Granville, Ohio.

A Note on Timema calif ornicum Scudder (Orthoptera; Phasmidae).

This strange little Phasmid has attracted the attention of the present
writer at various times during the past few years, with the result that
it is possible to add a few field notes to those given by Hebard in the
latest discussion of the species1.

In the case of this particular species the only food plant indicated
by Hebard is fir, although T. chumash Hebard, the only other member
of the genus is recorded as having been swept from Ceanothus. I have
at various times taken single specimens of T. calif ornicum purely by
accident, finding them upon clothing or insect net after passing through
the "chapparal" (which is simply the western word for brush) with
which many of our hills are covered. As the "chamise," Adenostoma
fasciculatum, is the most abundant member of the chapparal association
it appeared probable that this was the normal host. However, a visit
to the brush-covered top of Loma Prieta Mountain near San Jose,
California (altitude 3000 feet) on June fourth, 1921, produced evidence
that the normal host is really another shrub, the "silk tassel," Garrya
rlliptica. Of twenty specimens secured, eighteen were jarred from
one or two shrubs of this particular plant, one was found on the ground
and one was taken in general sweeping. None were found on Ade-
nostoma. The species is evidently abundant, if sought for in the right
time and place, for scarcely a quarter of an hour was necessary to
obtain these.

The published descriptions of the species have evidently been based

1 The genus Timema, etc., Hebard, Ent. Neivs, 31: 126-132. (1920).

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 283

upon dried specimens. The only color notes from fresh material are
those given by Hebard for specimens from fir, these being described as
green. My material shows that the species presents a marked color
dimorphism. Of the twenty specimens, eighteen were entirely green
except that the antennae were dusky in both sexes while in the males
the tarsi, tibiae and apical half of the femora were pinkish brown or
pink. Two specimens, one of each sex, had the entire dorsum pink,
the venter green, and the tarsi, tibiae and apical half of the femora pink.

The measurements given by Hebard appear also to have been made
from dried specimens, the greatest length given being 19.8 mm. for the
female and 14.5 for the male. My specimens, which were killed in
Carnoy fluid, ranged from 22-24 mm. for the female and 15-18 mm. for
the males.

With a knowledge of the host plant it is hoped that further notes as
to the life history may be obtainable. — G. F. FERRIS, Stanford Univer-
sity, California.

Insect Photography.

At the meeting of the Entomological Society of Belgium, Brussels,
March 4. 1922, M. Bastin, of Antwerp, showed a photostereosynthesis
(Lumierc system) of a Dipter which, viewed as a transparency, gave
the impression of astonishing reality. It had been obtained by the exact
superposition of six photographs on glass, taken at the same magnifica-
tion with the aid of a microscopic objective, at regularly increasing
depths of the preparation. (Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. iv, p. 41).

Chrysops costata Sucking Human Blood in Cuba (Dip.: Tabanidae).

Under the title Sobrc la mosca Chrysops costata Fabr. quc clntpa la
sangre del hombrc, obserToda en Cuba, Dr. W. H. Hoffman has a note
in Sanidad y Bcncficcncia (Boletin Oficial, Edicion Mensual, XXVI, No.
3, p. 121, Habana, Setiembre, 1921) describing his persanal experiences
in being bitten on the head about twelve times by flies which Dr. Walter
Horn, of Berlin-Dahlem, identified as Chrysops costata Fabr. The flies
bit the observer at various hours, both by day and by night, from
October to February, in the grounds of Las Animas Hospital at Havana.
Generally the flies had a little blood in the stomach and they made no
attempt to escape from his hands. The bite was followed by consid-
erable inflammation and pain. As other residents of the locality have
not been bitten by this fly the observer suggests that his keeping his
hair short, which is not the. prevailing custom, exposes him to thi si-
attacks. He has not found this species elsewhere than on his own
person. The transmission of Filaria by C. dhuiduita in West Africa
and of Bacterium tularensc by C. discalis in Utah suggests to him t Im-
possibility that this Cuban species may also serve as a vector of disease.

284 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [NoAr., '22

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON. JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including- Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy -Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring' north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, "Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Einto-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B,

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

2 — Transactions of the American Entomological Society of Phila-
delphia. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 7 — Annals of
The Entomological Society of America, Columbus, Ohio. 8 — The
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, London. 11 — Annals and Mag-
azine of Natural History, London. 12 — Journal of Economic Ento-
mology, Concord, N. H. 16 — The Lepidopterist, Salem, Mass. 19—
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 20 — Bulletin de
la Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 22 — Bulletin of Ento-
mological Research, London. 24 — Annales de la Societe Entomolo-
gique de France, Paris. 33 — Annales de la Societe Entomologique
de Belgique, Brussels. 34 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique
de Belgique, Brussels. 36 — Transactions of the Entomological So-
ciety of London. 44 — Ectoparasites. Edited by Jordan & Roth-
schild, Tring, England. 45 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche In-
sektenbiologie, Berlin. 50 — Proceedings of the United States Na-
tional Museum. 52 — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic. 54 — Proceed-
ings of the Biological Society of Washington, D. C. 62 — Bulletin
of the American Museum of Natural History, New York. 67 — Le
Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 68 — Science, Garrison-on-the-Hud-
son, N. Y. 69 — Comptes Rendus, des Seances de 1'Academie des
Sciences, Paris. 70 — Journal of Morphology. Philadelphia. 76—
Nature, London. 81 — The Journal of Parasitology, Urbana, Illinois.
96 — Physis. Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Natu-
rales, Buenos Aires. 97 — Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia
Natural de Buenos Aires. 100 — Biological Bulletin of the Marine
Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 103 — Biologisches Cen-
tralblatt, Leipzig. 104 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie,
Leipzig. 106 — Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos
Aires. Ill — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 114 — Entomolo-
gische Rundschau, Stuttgart. 116 — Entomologische Zeitschrift,
Frankfurt a. M. 119 — Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the U. S. A., Washington, D. C. 124 — Bulletin de la

xxxiii, '221 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 285

Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, Cairo. 129 — The Bulletin of the
Hill Museum, Witley, Surrey, England.

GENERAL. Downing, E. R.— A naturalist in the great lakes
region. (Univ. Chicago Press, 1922, 328 pp., ill.) Druce, H. H.—
Obituary. 8, 1922, 211. 9, 1922, 215. Fahringer, J.— Die feinde
der schlammfliege. 45, xvii, 113-24. Gibson, A. — A quoi sert 1'ento-
mologie? Benefices monetaires resultant des recherches entomolo-
giques. 67, xlix, 30. Graef, E. L. — Obituary notice. 19, xvii, 43-5.
Greene, C. T. — [Minutes of the Entomological Society of Wash-
ington. Discussions on the number of insects.] (Jour. Wash. Acad.
Sc., xii, 335-40.) Hayward, K. J. — Colour-preservation in dragon-
flies. 9, 1922, 209-10. Hyslop, J. A. — Summary of insect conditions
throughout the U. S. during 1921. (U. S. D. A. Bull. 1103.) Mast,
S. O. — Photic orientation in insects. 119, viii, 240-5. Morris, H. M.
—On a method of separating insects and other arthropods from
soil. 22, xiii, 197-200. Mueller, R. — Ueber vererbungslehre und
entomologie. 114, xxxix, 29-30 (cont.). Sherborn, C. D. — Index

animalium 1801-1850. Sectio secunda. Part I. Talbot, G.—

Nomenclature and illustrations. 129, i, 366-7. de la Torre Bueno,
J. R. — Color characters vs. structural characters. 19, xvii, 63-4.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Baker, A. C.— Feeding
punctures of insects. 12, xv, 312. Bischoff, W. — Ueber die kopf-
bildung der dipterenlarven. Ueber die deutung der mundhaken der
cyclorhaphalarven. Ill, 1922, A, 6, 1-50; 51-60. Bishop, G. H.—
Cell metabolism in the insect fat body. 70, xxxvi, 567-94. Blunck,
H. — Zur biologic des tauchkaefers Cybister lateralimarginalis, nebst
bemerkungen uber C. japonicus. . . . 52, Iv, 45-66 (cont.). Cramp-
ton, G. C. — The genitalia of the males of certain Hemiptera and
Homoptera. 19, xvii, 46-55. Cuenot & Mercier — La perte de la
faculte du vol chez les dipteres parasites. 69, 1922, 433-36. Cuenot
et Poisson — Sur le developpement de quelques coaptations des in-
sectes. 69, 461-64. Descy, A. — Observations sur le retour au nid
des hymnopteres (cont.). 34, iv, 93-9. Dirks, E. — Liefern die mal-
phighischen gefasse verdauungssekrete? (Fermenstudien an insek-
ten.) Ill, 1922, A, 4, 161-220.- Elmer, O. H. — Mosaic cross-inocu-
lation and insect transmission studies. 68, Ivi, 370-2. Federley, H.
—Ueber eincn fall von criss-cross-vererbung bei einer artkreuzung.
(Hereditas, iii, 126-46.) Feuerborn, H. J. — Der sexucllc reizapparat
der Psychodiden nach biologischen und physialogischen gesichts-
punkten untersucht. Ill, 1922, A, 4, 1-137. Frers, A. G. — Mcta-
morfosis de coleopteros argentinos. 96, v, 245-62. Frost, S. W.—
Ecdysis in Tmetocera ocellana. 7, xv, 164-8. Garrett & Garrett —
The effect of a lead salt on lepidopterous larvae. 76. ex, 380.
Graham, S. A. — A studv of the wing venation of the Coleoptera.
7, xv, 191-200. Kopec, S. — Studies on the necessity of the brain for
the incention of insect metamorphosis. 100, xlii, 323-42. Lamb,
C. G. — The geometry of insect pairing. ( Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond.. H.,
xciv, 1-11.) Mallock, A. — Metallic coloration of chrysalids. 76,
ex. '.', -14. Peacock, A. D.- — Pairing and parthenogenesis in sa\v-llir>.
76, ex, 215. Poisson, R. — Armature genitale et structure chitineuse
du penis dans le genre Gerris. 20, 1922, 171-3. Riley, C. F.—
Droughts and cannibalistic responses of the water-strider, Gerris
marginatus. 19, xvii, 79-87. Roch, F. — Beitrage zur physiologic der
flugmuskulatur der inscktcn. 103, xlii, 359-64. Schuze, P.— Ueber
nachlaufende cntwicklung (Hysterotelie) einzclner organe bei
schmetterlinge. Ill, 1922, A, 7. 109-13. Speyer, W. — Die musku-

286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS [Nov., '22

latur der larve von Dytiscus marginalis. 104, cxix, 423-92. Stick-
ney, F. — The relation of the nymphs of a dragon-fly to acid and
temperature. (Ecology, iii, 250-4.) Suffert, F. — Zur morphologic
und optik der schmetterlingsschuppen. 103;, xlii, 382-88. Williams,
C. B. — Co-ordinated rhythm in insects; with a record of sound pro-
duction in an aphid. 9, 1922, 173-6.

ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Ewing, H. E.— Studies on

the taxonomy and biology of the tarsonemid mites, together with a
note on the transformation of Acarapis woocli. 4, liv, 104-13.
Vitzthum, G. H. — Acarologische beobachtungen. Ill, 1922, A, 5,
86.

THE SMALLER ORDERS. Banks, N. — Venational variation
in Raphidia. 4, liv, 114-16. Campion, H.— Notes on a small col-
lection of Odonata from Argentina. 11, x, 290-5. Klapalek, F.—
Plecopteres nouveaux. IV. 33, Ixii, 89-95. Lichtenstein & Grasse
-Une migration d'Odonates. 20, 1922, 160-3. Lloyd, J. T.— The
biology of North American caddis fly larvae. (Bui. Lloyd Libr.,
No. 21.) Malloch, J. R. — Panorpa rufescens feeding on a cicada.
19, xvii, 45. Murphy, H. E.— Notes on the biology of some of our
North American species of may-flies. (Bui. Lloyd Libr., No. 22.)
Smith, R. C. — Hatching in three species of Neuroptera. 7, xv, 169-76.

ORTHOPTERA. Larrimer & Ford— The daily maximum feed-
ing period of Melanoplus femur-rubrum. 4, liv, 141-3. Uvarov,
B. P.— A new case of transformative deceptive resemblance in long-
horned grasshoppers. 36, 1922, 269-74.

Hebard, M. — North American Acrididae. Notes on a few inter-
esting Blattidae from Guatemala, with the description of a n. sp.
2, xlviii, 89-108; 129-32.

HEMIPTERA. Blanchard, E. E.— Aphid notes. 96, v, 184-214.
Cockerell, T. D. A. — The mealy-bug called Pseudococcus bromeliae,
and other coccids. 68, Ivi, 308-9. Giacomelli, E. — Mimetismo ver-
dadero y espurio. 96, v, 224-9. Griswold, G. H. — Are there two
species of the oyster-shell scale? 7, xv, 184-91. Holland, W. J.—
Tingitidae or Tingidae. 68, Ivi, 334-5. Knight, H. H.— The genus
Cyrtopeitis in North America. 19, xvii, 65-7. Jordan, K. — The
American Polyctenidae. 44, i, 204-15. Note on the distribution of
the organ of Berlese in Clinocoridae. 44^ i, 284-6. Lehmann. H.—
Zweiter beitrag zur systematik der Scutellerinae. VI. Heteropteren-
aufsatz. Ill, 1922, A, 7, 54-61. Lizer, C. — Nota critica y sinoni-
mica acerca de un supuesto nuevo Psyllidae cecidogeno del "Ilex
paraguariensis." 96, v, 325-7. Pennington, M. S.— Notas sobre
coreidos srgentinos. .96, v, 125-70.

Ball & Hartzell— A review of the desert leafhoppers of the Ore-
gerini. 7, xv, 137-53. Hungerford, H. B.— Saldoida slossoni var.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEV/S 287

wilieyi n. var., taken in Texas. 19, xvii, 64. McAtee & Malloch —
Changes in names of American Rhynchota chiefly Emesinae. 54,
xxxv, 95-6.

LEPIDOPTERA. Ainslie, G. G.— Contributions to a knowledge
of the Crambinae. 7, xv, 125-36. Angle, J. L. — Papilio ajax in
New York. 19, xvii, 90. Dukes, W. C. — Concerning Papilio ajax.
19, xvii, 97. Fassl, A. H. — Eryphanis dondoni species nova. 116,
xxxvi, 25. Flint, W. P. — Studies of the life history of Nomophila
noctuella. 7, xv, 154-6. Joicey & Talbot — New forms of moths
from New Guinea and South America. New forms of Papilionidae
from New Guinea, Malaya, and S. America. New forms of butter-
flies from S. Am. 129, i, 300-2; 320-24; 357-8. Lindsey, A. W.—
Some Iowa records of L. (Proc. Iowa Ac. Sc., xxvii, 319-35.)
McDunnough, J. H. — Synonymic notes on Catocala species. 4, liv,
100-4. Meyrick, E. — Descriptions of South American Micro-lepi-
doptera. 36, 1922, 65-116. Skinner & Williams— On the male geni-
talia of the larger Hesperidae of North America. 2, xlviii, 109-127.

Barnes & Lindsey — A new genus and species of No'Ctuidae. 19,
xvii, 56-7. New Noctuidae. 19, xvii, 71-6. Cassino & Swett — •
Some new Geometridae. Two new Peros. 16, iii, 175-9; 180-2.
F? Cassino, S. E.] — Some new Geometridae. 16, iii, 167-74. Mc-
Dunnough, J. — Notes on the L. of Alberta. 4, liv, 134-41.

DIPTERA. Alexander, C. P.— New or little-known exotic 1 iou-
lidae. 36, 1922, 34-64. Bezzi, M. — On the South American species
of the dipterous genus Chiromyza. 7, xv, 117-24. Brethes, J. —
Biologia de la "Synthesiomyia brasiliana." 96, v, 292-3. Bruch, C.
— Contribucion al conocimento de nuestras de Tipulas. 96, v, 320-24.
Enderlein, G. — Neue aussereuropaische Simuliiden. (Sitz. Ges.
Naturf. Fr. Berlin, 192L, 77-81.) Jordan & Rothschild— New
Siphonaptera. 44, i, 266-83. Larrimer, W. H. — An extreme case of
delayed fall emergence of hessian fly. 7, xv, 177-80. Matheson &
Shannon — New mosquito records and notes on the habits of cer-
tain species from central New York. 7, xv, 157-63. Walker, E. M.
—Some cases of cutaneous myiasis, with notes on the larvae of
Wohlfahrtia vigil. 81, ix, 1-5.

Alexander, C. P. — The crane-flies of New York: First supple-
mentary list. 19, xvii, 58-62. Curran, C. H. — New and little known
Canadian Syrphidae. 4, liv, 117-19. Enderlein, G. — Klassifikation
dcr Alicropeziden. Ill, 1922, A, 5, 140-2:.'!). MalJoch, J. R. — A
synopsis of the N. American species of the dipterous genus Amau-
rosoma, with description of n. sp. A new borborid from Maryland.
19, xvii, 77-8; 87. Two n. sps. of the genus Helina. 19, xvii, 95-6.

COLEOPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A. — IM -..t\ j.syl'.r.s castoris, in
Colorado. 19, xvii, 64. Benderitter, E. — Un Rutelide nouveau du
Venezuela. 20, 192:2, 147. Bruch, C. — Dos nuevos coleopteros mir-

288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEV.'S [Nov., '22

mecofilos. 96, v, 296-300. Fleutiaux, E.— Trois Melasidae nou-
veaux. 20, 1922, 148-50. Graham, S. A. — Ips pini, as a primary
pest of jack pine. 4, liv, 99-100. Hopping, R. — Coniferous hosts
of the Ipidae of the Pacific coast and Rocky mountain regions. 4,
liv, 128-34. Knisch, A. — Hydrophiliden-studien. Ill, 1922, A, 5,
87-126. Hugoscottia, eine neue Helocharengattung. (Hydrophili-
dae.) 124, ii, 89-91. Leng & Mutchler — The Lycidae, Lampyridae
and Cantharidae of the West Indies. 62, xlvi, 413-99. Marshall,
G. A. K. — On new genera and species of Neotropical Curculionidae.
36, 1922, 181-224. Moreira, C.— Coleopteres Passalides du Brasil.
24, xc, 255-94. Mutchler & Weiss — Wood-boring beetles of the
genus Agrilus known to occur in New Jersey. (N. J. Dep. Agr.,
Circ. 48.) Pic, M. — Coleopteres exotiques nouveaux. 20, 1922,
169-70. Weise, J. — Coleoptera e collections Bruchiana. 106, xciv,
30-40.

Fall, H. C. — New species of N. Am. Acmaeoderae. 19, xvii, 88-90.
Voss, E. — Monographische bearbeitung der unterfamilie Rhynchiti-
nae. Ill, 1922, A, 58, 1-113. Wolcott, A. B— A new sp. of Helodes.
19, xvii, 94.

HYMENOPTERA. Beutenmuller, W.— Note on Rhodites. 19,
xvii, 45. Bruch, C. — Regimen de alimentacion dc algunas hormigas
cultivadoras de bongos. 96, v, 307-11. Brues, C. T. — Some hymen-
opterous parasites of lignicolous Itonididae. (Proc. Am. Ac. Arts
& Sc., Ivii, 263-88.) Cockerell, T. D. A. — Some Canadian bees. 4,
liv, 143-4. An ancient wasp. 76, ex, 313. Folsom, J. W. — Pollina-
tion of red clover by Tetralonia and Melissodes. 7, xv, 181-84.
Prison, T. H. — Notes on the life history, parasites and inquiline
associates of Anthophora abrupta, with some comparisons with the
habits of certain other Anthophorinae. 2, xlviii, 137-56. Gallardo,
A. — Las hormigas de la Republica Argentina. Subfamilia Poneri-
nas & Dorilinas. 97, xxx, 1-112; 281-410. Una nueva Prodorilina,
Acanthostichus afflictusy'' Hormigas del Neuquen y Rio Negro. 97,
xxx, 237-242; 243-54. Lichtenstein et Rabaud — Le comportement
des "Polysphincta" ichneumonides parasites des araignees. (Bui.
Biol. France et Belg., Iv, 267-87.) Santschi, F. — Camponotus neo-
tropiques. 33, Ixii, 97-124. Savin, W. M. — Wasps that hunt spiders.
Observations on Sceliphon and Chalybion. (Nat. Hist., New York,
xxii, 327-32.)

Cockerell, T. D. A. — Descriptions and records of bees. 11, x,
265-9. Kinsey, A. C. — Studies of some new and described Cynipidae.
Varieties of a rose gall wasp (with K. E. Ayres). (Indiana Univ.
Studies, ix, 3-142; 142-62.) Muesebeck, C. F. W. — A revision of the
N. A. ichneumon-flies belonging to the subfamilies Neoneurinae and
Microgasterinae. 50, Ixi, Art. 15.

OBITUARY NOTE.

We are indebted, in the first instance, to Dr. L. O. Howard,
for the sad news of the death of DR. D,\vm SHARP, which
occurred at Brockenhurst on Au^usl 27. .\ notice of his life
and work will appear in a later number of the NEWS.

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIII.

Plate XI.

14

TRACHEATION OF WINQS OF EARLY LARVAL INSTARS OF GOMPHUS.— SCHMIEDER.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA

VOL. XXXIII DECEMBER, 1922 No. 10

CONTENTS

Martin— Studies in the Genus Hetae-
rius (Col., Histeridae) 289

Malloch — Notes on two Acalyptrate
Diptera 293

Brimley — List of the Robberflies ( Asili-
dae, Diptera) of North Carolina... 294

Schmieder — The Tracheation of the
Wings of Early Larval Instars of
Odonata Anisoptera, with Special
Reference to the Development of
the Radius 299

Champlain and Knull — A New Typo-

Shoemaker and Davis — The Moth Na-
cophora quernaria var. atrescens
(Lep.: Geometridae) 310

Editorial — " He Helped Me When No
Others Volunteered " 311

The University of Michigan-William-
son Expedition to Brazil 312

Entomological Literature 312

Review of Jordan and Rothchild's Ec-
parasites 316

Di'ings of Societies — Ent Sec., Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil. (Col., Orth., Dipt.,

cerus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) 304 ; Lepid.) 317

Coolidge — The Life History of Lero-
dea eufala Edwards ( Lepidoptera,
Hesperiidae) 305

Davis — Old Time Economic Entomo-
logy on Staten Island, New York.. 310

Obituaries— Dr. David Sharp 318

Hamilton H. C. J. Druce.. 320
Edward Louis Graef 320

Studies in the Genus Hetaerius (Col., Histeridae).

By J. O. MARTIN, Berkeley, California.

(Continued from page 277)

Hetaerius setosus n. sp.

Form broadly quadrate oval. Color ferruginous. Punctate and setose.

Head but slightly concave at vertex, which is evenly, moderately
punctate, each puncture bearing a long bristle-like seta ; front impunc-
tate, shining, minutely rugose ; labruin smooth shining.

Prothorax twice as wide as long ; minutely rugose except in the
oblique depression which, is smooth and impunctate ; disc evenly, mod-
erately punctate and setose, the setae long, recurved and tapering to a
sharp point, minutely plumose along cephalic margin. Lateral areas more
closely punctured and setose, these setae becoming coarser, longer and
more evidently plumose at the outer edge ; sides evenly rounded from
transverse sulcus to apex ; inner carina of the oblique sulcus bends
sharply inward opposite the transverse sulcus, by this separation pro-
ducing a deep triangular depression opposite the bulla and narrowing
the oblique depression at this point. Bulla smooth shining on inner half,
outer portion punctate and bordered by coarser and longer plumose
setae.

Elytra shining and minutely rugose; space between the first dorsal

289

290 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS f Dec., '22

stria and the elytral suture evenly, moderately punctate with setae similar
to those on disc of thorax ; punctures without regular arrangement ;
each stria has along its raised edge a row of setigerous punctures
slightly closer together than those on the disc ; parallel to this is
another single row of setigerous punctures more widely spaced. First
dorsal stria reaches but one-half the distance to apex ; remaining striae
extend to apex.

Pygidium and propygidium evenly, moderately, punctate and setose.

Prosternum finely punctate and rugose but lacking setae ; bordered
area contracted between the coxae, thence gradually separating to one-
half the length of the prosternum where they merge into the prosternal
surface, leaving the cephalic end of the margined area open. Cephalic
end of prosternum emarginate ; immediately caudad of the emargination
there is a slight indentation in the raised portion. Meso- and mcta-
sternum punctate and hairy. Legs evenly and moderately punctate on
the outer surface, setae shorter than those on upper surface of body.
Length 2 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Described from a series of nine specimens taken at North
Fork, California, in the nests of Formica plicicornisf Type in
my collection, paratypes in the collection of Mr. Henry Dietrich
who collected the species.

Hetaerius nudus n. sp.

Of the same form as sctosus, which it resembles in many respects ;
it has more yellow in the body color and is noticeably less convex.

Vertex of head flat, evenly, moderately punctate, punctures with
short, squamose, recumbent hairs ; front impressed, finely rugose, im-
punctate ; labrum finely rugose, shining.

Prothoracic disc evenly, moderately, punctured with minute, short
recumbent hairs jn each puncture; basal end of oblique depression broad;
lateral areas finely rugose, marked with a series of slightly raised lines
extending from transverse sulcus to the apex ; between these lines are
single rows of punctures bearing the same type of hairs as those on the
disc ; outer margin with a row of coarser, curved hairs ; inner margin
for half its length, beginning at transverse sulcus, with a single row of
flattened, recumbent hairs ; bulla finely rugose on outer half, which is
punctate with coarse, squamose, recumbent hairs, outer margin with
hairs like those on margin of lateral area, inner surface finely rugose,
impunctate. Carinae of the oblique sulcus not as widely separated at
base as in sctosus. Outer margin of lateral area while rounded shows
a slight tendency to angulation at one-third the distance from apex
to transverse sulcus.

Elytra evenly, moderately punctured and with the same minute,
recumbent hairs as those on the prothoracic disc ; the first and second
dorsal striae of same length and not quite reaching to apical margin.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 291

Prosternum of the same type as in sctosus but with the margined
area narrower and the general surface less convex; cephalic margin
more deeply emarginate and with a more pronounced prosternal pit.

Pygidium and propygidium evenly, moderately punctured and with
the same type of hairs as on upper side of body. Legs on outer surface
and remainder of under surface the same. Length 2 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Described from five specimens taken by Mr. Henry Dietrich
at North Fork, California, in the nests of Formica plicicornis?
Type in my collection, paratypes in that of Mr. Henry Dietrich.

This species while close to setosns is distinct in the characters
given above. The hairs are so minute as to give it a naked
appearance when compared with that species.

Hetaerius dietrichi n. sp.

Form quadrate oval ; ratio of extreme length to width as seven and
a half to five plus; color ferruginous.

Head at vertex nearly flat, where it is coarsely punctate and rugose ;
punctures with squamose, suberect hairs, a few of which near thorax
are twice as long as the others, all being plumose ; front and labrum
punctate and rugose, shining.

Thorax less than twice as broad as long ; discal area smooth, shining,
thickly punctate in front, but becoming less so at base, punctures with
short, small, yellow hairs ; lateral area more coarsely punctured, hairs
of the same type as on the disc; bulla slightly smaller in proportion
to lateral area than usual ; transverse sulcus broad and shallow, be-
coming more narrow toward the oblique sulcus ; outer half of bulla
coarsely punctate and hairy.

Elytra smooth, shining, finely punctured, punctures with short minute
hairs ; first and second dorsal striae reaching three-fourths the distance
to apex.

Pygidium and propygidium shining, minutely rugose and very finely
punctate with minute hairs in the punctures.

Prosternum closely punctate and rugose with short minute hairs in
the punctures ; margined area with carinae convergent between the
coxae, thence divergent to less than half the length of prosternum, where
they converge toward a common point, in some cases very nearly meet-
ing but in the majority of cases well separated, leaving margined area
open in front. Meso- and metasternum shining, less closely punctured
than prosternum, punctures with short, minute hairs. Outside of legs
sparsely punctate, the accompanying hairs coarser and evidently plumose.
Length 1.5 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

Described from six examples taken by Mr. Henry Dietrich
at Dalton Creek. Fresno County, California. .T have also a
single example which I am unable to separate from the above

292 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

which was found by Mr. E. R. Leach of Piedmont, California,
floating in an irrigation ditch in Nevada County, California.
Type in my collection, paratypes in the collection of Mr. Henry
Dietrich.

This small species varies in amount of vestiture, one speci-
men being almost without hairs, the type being a fair average.
It also varies in the distance apart of the cephalic ends of
the carinae enclosing the margined area of the prosternum ;
I have seen no case where they actually meet, but in two
instances they very nearly do.

Table to the Species of Heiacrlus.\
Prosternum subcylindrical.

Posterior femora over three times as long as wide.

Pygidium and propygidium with the punctures separated by a

space equal to the diameter of a puncture....!, morsus Lee.

Pygidium and propygidium with the punctures contiguous and

coarser than the above 2. strenuus Fall

Posterior femora about two and one-half times as long as wide.
Pygidium without hairs, propygidium with hairs.
Centre of thoracic discal area punctate and hairy,

3. tristriatus Horn.
Centre of thoracic discal area finely punctate and without

hairs . _. 4. hirsutus Mart.

Pygidium and propygidium both with hairs.

Outer surface of legs moderately clothed with long, pointed,

plumose hairs 5. williamsi Mart.

Outer surface of legs moderately punctate, femora without

hairs, tibia with small pointed hairs 6. zelus Fall

Outer surface of legs moderately, closely punctate with minute

blunt hairs 7. blanchardi Lee.

Pygidium and propygidium both hairless 8. horni Wickh.

Prosternum depressed.

Prosternal margined area closed in front by a coalescence of the
margining carinae.

Carinae of the margined area converging to a rounded point,
slightly sinuate before meeting.

Upper surface of body sparsely punctate with suberect,

squamose hairs 9. minimus Fall

Upper surface of body closely punctate with long, pilose
hairs 10. pilosus Mart.

fl am unable to find any record of the capture of Hetaerius hclcna,-
Mann in the United States and see no reason for its inclusion in Leng's
List.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 293

Carinae of the margined area closing with a rounded arch in
front.
With a few scattered hairs on disc of thorax and elytra,

11. brunneipennis Rand
\Yith numerous long, pointed hairs on disc of thorax and

elytra 12. californicus Horn

Without hairs, but with evident punctures on disc of thorax,

elytra punctate with a few hairs 13. exiguus Mann

Prosternal margined area with carinae not meeting in front.

Carinae beyond intercoxal convergence, divergent to their
cephalic ends, leaving margined area widely open in front.
Pygidium and propygidium sparsely punctate with long,

pointed hairs 14. setosus n. sp.

Pygidium and propygidium without long hairs.

Pygidium and propygidium with minute, squamose,

recumbent hairs 15. nudus n. sp.

Pygidium and propygidium without evident hairs,

16. wheeleri Mann

Carinae of the margined area converging at apex, but not
meeting.
Disc of thorax with short, minute, sparse hairs,

17. dietrichi n. sp.
Disc of thorax with long, pilose hairs 18. vandykei n. sp.

In concluding I wish to extend thanks to Mr. H. C. Fall,
who examined for me the types of morsus Lee. and hclcnae
Mann; also to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, who kindly loaned me all
of his material in this genus. I am also indebted to Mr.
Henry Dietrich for the loan of his material, including three
new forms. Prof. H. F. Wickham also sent his specimens
which included a number that I had not seen.

Notes on two Acalyptrate Diptera.

In 1913 (Jour. X. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 21. p. 204) Dr. A. L. Melander
described M mnctopin iiitcns, distinguishing it from tcniiinalis Low,- '>v
its partly black face and parts of the head- This form is ineivly the
male of tcnninalis. which has tin- head and its parts yellow or whitish.

In the same paper he recorded (Vnn^<>;//</ /r;;:r>n;/;'\ MeiLjen from the
\vest, an error which I avoided in my paper on the family which ap-
peared at the same time. My view has since been o >n firmed by Dr.
Aldrich in print. This year I took one specimen of the true fitl-i'ipcs
Meigen (femoralis Meigen) at Glen Kcho, Maryland, so that the species
really does occur in America though not present in Melander's material
from the west. Mendel lias recently followed Melander in recording
fcuionilis from this country, the record being based upon the dark form
known in Europe as ih'iitici>niis var. nigroscutellata Strohl which is
common in the extreme west. J. 1\. M \Moni, Bureau of Biological
Survey, Washington, D. C.

294 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

List of the Robberflies (Asilidae, Diptera) of
North Carolina.

By C. S. BRIMLEY, Entomological Division, N. C. Department
of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C.

The following list of the robberflies of North Carolina is
based on the records of this department which have been gath-
ered by Mr. Franklin Sherman, Chief in Entomology since
1900, and by his various assistants. The initials following the
records are those of Mr. Sherman, Messrs. G. M. Bentley,
S. C. Clapp, J. E. Eckert, R. W. Collett, S. W. Foster, V. R.
Haber, C. O. Houghton, R. W. Leiby, W. B. A'labee, C. L.
Metcalf, T. B. Mitchell, M. R. Smith, R. S. Woglum, and my-
self, his assistants at various periods, also of Mr. A. H. Manee,
of Southern Pines, N. C.. and Mr. C. W. Johnson, oi" Boston,
Mass. The Raleigh records are not as a rule initialled.

I. SUBFAM. LEPTOGASTRINAE.

LEPTOGASTER BADIUS Loew. Raleigh, May 16, 1909; June 30, 1921.

LEPTOGASTER BREVICORNIS Loew. Raleigh, early June, 1909 ; May 30,
1921.

LEPTOGASTER INCISURALIS Loew. Southern Pines, late August, 1912,
AHM.

LEPTOGASTER OBSCURIPENNIS Johnson. Raleigh, July 25, August 4, 16,
1906; August 13, 21. 1921; Blantyre, early September, 1906. RSW.

LEPTOGASTER PICTIPES Loew. Raleigh, May 2, 1905 ; September 2,
1904; June 5, 11, 1906; Murfeesboro, June 9, 1895, CWJ.

LEPTOGASTER TESTACEUS Loew. Raleigh, early August, one, FS.

LEPTOGASTER VIRGATUS Coq. Raleigh, taken on May 31, June 13, 14,
August 13, 16, in different years.

II. SUBFAM. DASYPOCONINAE.

CERATURGUS CRUCIATUS Say. Swannanoa, July 15, 1917, RWL ; Lin -
ville Falls, late June, 1920, FS.

CERATURGUS NIGRIPES Will. Linville Falls, late May and early June,
1920, FS; Spruce, June, 1911; late May, 1913, FS ; Black Mts., laU
May, 1910, FS ; Andrews, mid-May, 1908, FS; Macon County betwrni
Highlands and Franklin, 2200 to 4000 ft., early May, 1908, FS.

CERATURGUS SP., larger than cniciatits with blackish wings. Raleigh,
June 30, 1921, TBM.

CYRTOPOGON ALLENI Back. Spruce, late May, 1913, CSB.

CYRTOPOGON FALTO Walker. Spruce, late May. 1913, CSB.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\\ s 295

CYRTOPOGON LYRATUS OS. Black Alts., July 18, 1919, about 5000 ft.,

RWL.

CYRTOPOGON MARGINALIS Loew. Linville Falls, late May, 1920, FS ;
Spruce, late May, 1913, FS ; Highlands, July, 1907; early May, 19
FS ; Aquonc, raid-May, 1911, FS ; Macon County between Highlands
and Franklin, mid-May, 1908, FS.

DEROMYIA PLATVPTERA Loew. Goldsboro, July 28, 1921, one male,
TBM.

DEROMYIA RUFESCENS Macq. Raleigh, late August, 1914, CSB ;
Beaufort, August 11, 1902, FS; Southern Pines, September 14, 1912,
AHM; McCullcrs, September 10, 1921, TBM.

DEROMYIA TERNATUS Loew. Raleigh, June to September, not uncom-
mon; Southern Pines, mid-July, 1906, AHM; Marion, mid-July, 1907,
FS ; Havelock, late June, 1905, FS.

DEROMYIA UMBRIXUS Loew. Blowing Rock, August 29, 1902, t\vo. FS.

DEROMYIA \VINTIIEMI Wied. Raleigh, mid-July to mid-September,
not uncommon; Elizabeth City, early and mid-August, 1919. FS ; Stat s
ville, mid-July, 1919, FS ; Durham, July, 1903, SWF.

DIOCTRIA ALBIUS Walker. Swannanoa, June 22, 1917, RWL.

DIOCTRIA BREVIS Banks. Black Mts. (north fork of Swannanoa River),
Banks, Psyche, 1917, p. 117; Linville Falls, early June, 1920, two fe-
males, FS.

DIZONIAS TRISTIS Walker. Willard, July 20, 1920, one male, VRH.

ECHTHODOPA FORMOSA Loew. "North Carolina," Back, Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc., vol. 35, p. 249.

HOLCOCEPHALA ABDOMINALS Say. Late June to late September, com-
mon at Raleigh in rank herbage in damp shady places ; also taken at
Blowing Rock, in August and September ; Grandfather Mt., up to 4000
ft. in September ; Black Mts. in mid-July at about 5000 ft. ; Statesville
in mid-June ; Greensboro in early October ; Gibson in mid-October. Not
yet taken east of Raleigh.

HOLOPOGON GUTTULA Wied. Pendlcton, June 7, 1895, CWJ ; Southern
Pines, early May, 1912, AHM; Swannanoa, mid-June, 1919, FS.

LAPHYSTIA FLAVIPES Coq. "North Carolina, Morrison," Back, Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 35, p. 229.

LAPHYSTIA SEXFASCIATA Say. Beaufort, mid-June, 1903; early July,
1909, FS; Wilmington, September, 1905; July, 1906. RSW ; mid-Octo-
ber. 1919, MRS; September 23, 1920, WBM ; Wrightsville, September
23, 1920, TUM.

LASIOPOGON OPACULUS Loew. Raleigh, mid and late April and early
May, several specimens; Lake Toxoway, May, 1(|07, Mrs. A. T. Slosson.

NuwLFS PICTUS Loew. Southern Pines, October and November, com-
mon, AHM.

NUSA FIM.YK AUDA Say. "North Carolina," McAtee, Ohio, Jour. Sci.,
vol. 19, p. 246.

STENOPOCON SUBULATUS Wied. l.umherton, September 6, FS.

296 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

STICHOPOGON TRIFASCIATUS Say. Beaufort, August 9, 11, 1902; early
July, 1909; mid-September, 1911 and 1912, FS.

TARACTICUS OCTOPUNCTATUS Say. Raleigh, June 30, 1921, CSB ;
Delco, early May, 1920, FS.

III. SUBFAM. LAPHRINAE.

ATOMOSIA GLABRATA Say. Raleigh, July 28, 1906, CSB; Swannanoa,
mid-July, 1919, above 3000 ft.; June 22, 1917, RWL.

ATOMOSIA PUELLA Wied. Lake Ellis, May 27, 1907, CSB; Southern
Pines, late July, 1912, AHM ; Swannanoa, mid-June, 1919, FS; Spruce,
June, 1911, FS; Blowing Rock, July, 1904, GM ; Hendersonville, June.
1907, FS ; Hot Springs, Mrs. Slosson.

CEROTAINIA MACROCERA Say. Raleigh, July 25, 1906 ; June 25, July
10, 1907, CSB.

DASYLLIS AFFINIS Macq. Raleigh, mid-September to mid-December,
rather common ; also within the same season at Lumbertou, Wa Jesboro,
Gibson, Dundee, Pilot Mt. and Newton. Not as yet taken east of
Raleigh.

DASVLLIS CHAMPLAINI Walton. Dillard-Highlands road, July 11, 1921,
TBM; Swannanoa, mid-June, 1919, FS.

DASVLLIS CINEREA Back. Raleigh, late March to early May, not in-
frequent ; Southern Pines, March, 1903, Manee.

DASVLLIS DIVISOR Banks. Black Mts., late May, 1910, FS ; Linville
Falls, late May to late June, 1920, FS ; Andrews, mid-May, 1907, FS
and CSB.

DASYLLIS FLAVICOLLIS Say. Same places and dates as preceding, and
also Spruce, late May, 1913; June, 1911, FS.

DASYLLIS GROSSA Fabr. Raleigh, mid-June, CSB ; late June, 1921,
TBM; June 14, 1921, CSB; Cedar Grove, June 13, 1901, FS ; Highlands,
July, 1907, FS; Dillard-Highlands road, July 11, 1921, TBM; Swanna-
noa, mid-June, 1919, FS.

DASYLLIS POSTICATA Say. Pendleton, June 7, 1895, CWJ.

DASYLLIS SACRATOR Walker. Blowing Rock, June 27, 1901 ; July 24,
1904, FS; Black Mts., late May, 1910, FS; Swannanoa, mid-June, 1919,
FS; Spruce, June, 1911, FS.

DASYLLIS THORACICA Fabr. Black Mts., late May, 1910, FS ; Southern
Pines, specimen received from A. H. Manee, by CSB.

DASYLLIS VIRGINICA Bks. Raleigh, mid-May, 1915, CSB ; April, CSB.

LAMPRIA BICOLOR Wied. Raleigh, October 1, 1900, FS ; June 16, 1921,
CSB; Pendleton, June 7, 1895, CWJ.

LAMPRIA RUBRIVENTRIS Macq. Wilmington, October 15, 1919, M. Kis-
link.

LAPHRIA AKTIS McAtee. Craggy Mts., June 8, 1916, two, RWL.

LAPHRIA INDEX McAtee. Linville Falls, mid-June, 1920, one male, FS.

LAPHRIA SAFFRANA Fabr. Wilmington, April 24, 1920, one, RWL;
Southern Pines, May, not common, AHM; Tryon, W. F. Fiske (McAtee,
Ohio Jour. Sci., vol. 19, 169).

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 297

LAPHRIA SERICEA Say. Blantyre, May, 1(>07, FS; Spruce, late May,

1913, CSB; Black Mts., McAtce, /. c., 157; Linville Falls, late May to
late June, 1920, FS ; Blowing Rock, July 22, 1904, GMB.

LAPHRIA SICULA McAtee. Raleigh, May 30, 1921, CSB; mid-June,

1914, CLM ; July 5, 1904; July 12, 1921; July 14, 1908, CSB; Waynes-
ville, July, 1901, FS ; Linville Falls, late June, 1920, FS.

POGONOSOMA MELANOPTERA Wied. Pendletoii, June 7, 1895, CWJ.

IV. SUBFAM. AsiLINAE.

ASII.US ANGUSTIPENNIS Hine. Highlands, September, 1906, RSW.

ASILUS ANTIMACHUS Walker. Southern Pines, early April, 1913,
ARM.

ASILUS AURICOMUS Hine. Raleigh, mid-October, 1904, SMB.

ASII.US AUTUMNALIS Bks. Swannanoa, mid-June, 1919, FS.

ASILUS FLAVOFEMORATUS Hine. "North Carolina," Hine, Ann. Ent.
Soc. Am.. 1909, 153.

ASILUS FUSCATUS Hine. Raleigh, June 14, 1921, CSB; Pendleton,
June 7, 1895, CWJ; Murfreesboro, June 8, 1895, CWJ; Swannanoa, mid-
July, 1919, above 3000 ft., RWL.

ASILUS CRACILIS Wied. Raleigh, late June, 1917, CSB.

ASILUS LECYTHUS Walker. Raleigh, May 18, 28, 1921, CSB; mid-
May, 1921, TBM; Swannanoa, mid-July, 1919, RWL.

ASILUS MANEEI Hine. Southern Pines, May 15, 1908, A. H. Manee ;
Statesville, mid-July, 1919, FS.

ASILUS NOTATUS Wied. Andrews, mid-May, 1908, FS ; Highlands,
September, 1906, RSW; Craggy Mts., ^une 8, 1916, RWL; Blowing
Rock, July 20, 1904, FS.

ASILUS NOVAE-SCOTIAE Macq. Raleigh, early July, FS ; Blowing
Rock, August 29, 1902, FS; Hot Springs, Mrs. Slosson.

ASILUS ORPHNE Walker. Cranberry, Linville Falls, Black Mts., Craggy
Mts. and Spruce, late May to late June.

ASILUS SADYTES Walker. Raleigh, mid-June, 1906, RSW ; July 8,
1902, FS; Gary, September 19, 1900; also at Wilkesboro, Blowing Rock,
Blantyre and Highlands in August and September.

ASILUS SERICLUS Say. Raleigh, early June, one CSB ; also at Elkin,
Blowing Rock, Cranberry, Swannanoa and Hot Springs in June.

ASILUS SN-OWI Hine. Raleigh, May 18, 1909, CSB; July 3, 1902,
GMB ; August 18, 1902, COH.

ERAX AESTUAXS L. (BASTARDI Macq.). Whole state, late M'iy to early
October, common.

ERAX APICALIS Wied. Southern Pines, AHM.

EKAX BAKBATUS Fabr. Whole state, mid-May to early October, com-
mon.

ERAX INTERRUPTUS Macq. Whole state east of the mountains, June
to September, common. I bred the species from its larva in summer of
1921.

298 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

ERAX RUFIBARBIS Macq. (AESTUANS Wied.). Whole state, mid- August
to early November, common.

MALLOPHORA BOMBOIDES Wied. Southern Pines, August, September,
AHM ; Aberdeen, early October, 1921, TBM.

MALLOPHORA CLAUSICELLA Macq. Raleigh, early July to late Septem-
ber, common, bites sharply if handled incautiously; McCullers, La-
Grange, Overhills, Southern Pines and Greensboro, within the same
dates.

MALLOPHORA GUILDIANA Will. "North Carolina," Williston, Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc. XII, 60.

MALLOPHORA ERCINA Wied. Raleigh, late July to mid-August, 6
specimens, CSB; Beaufort, August 9, 1902, FS ; Statesville, mid-July,
1919, FS ; mid- September, 1917, JEE.

MALLOPHORA LAPHROIDES Wied. Southern Pines, August 15, 1902,
FS; August 6, 1921, TBM; Wilmington, August 1, 1921, TBM; Fay-
etteville, July 30, 1919, JEE.

OMMATIUS MARGINELLUS Fabr. Raleigh, August 15, 1904; June 19,
1906, CSB; Beaufort, June 15, 24, FS ; Lake Ellis, June 23, 1905, CSB;
Whiteville, July, 1906, RSW ; Highlands, September, 1906, RSW; Swan-
nanoa, July 10, 1913, CLM : mid-June, 1919, FS.

PROCTACANTHUS BREVIPENNIS Wied. Eastern part of state, west to
Raleigh and Southern Pines, mid-April to early July, not uncommon.

PROCTACANTHUS HEROS Wied. Southern Pines, August, Manee.

PROCTACANTHUS LONGUS Wied. Castle Hayne, July 30, 1921, one,
TBM. Wilmington, 1919, M. Kislink.

PROCTACANTHUS MILBERTI Jvlacq. A specimen each from Raleigh
(mid-October, 1904, GMB) and Southern Pines (early July, 1906,
RSW) doubtfully identified by Prof. J. S. Hine as this. Neither speci-
men is in good condition.

PROCTACANTHUS PHILADELPHICUS Macq. Beaufort, early July, 1909;
Kingsboro, early October, 1919, MRS ; Lucama, September 29, 1920,
TBM; Moncure, October 6, 1921, TBM; Greensboro, August 31, 1903,
SWF; August, 1902, FS; Andrews, August, 1904, RWC.

PROCTACANTHUS RUFIVENTRIS Macq. "North Car.," Hine, Ann. Ent.
Soc. Am., 1911, 158.

PROCTACANTHUS RUFUS Will. Raleigh, July 10, 1902, two, FS ; late
June, 1921, one, TBM; Nagshead, late August. 1919, FS.

PROMACHUS BASTARDI Macq. Raleigh, mid- June to mid- July, several,
FS and CSB; Durham, July, 1903, SWF.

PROMACHUS RUFIPES Fabr. Raleigh, and Overhills, Laurinburg, Lib-
erty, Greensboro, Barber and Wilkesboro, early July to mid-October.
Common.

The greater number of the preceding species have been iden-
tified by Prof. J. S. Hine, of Ohio State University, to whom
we express our sincerest thanks. Others have been named by
Prof. O. A. Johannsen and the late Mr. D. W. Coquillett, and
a few by myself.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 299

The Tracheation of the Wings of Early Larval Instars

of Odonata Anisoptera, with Special Reference

to the Development of the Radius.

By RUDOLF G. SCIIMIEDER, M.A., University of Pennsylvania,

Philadelphia.

(Continued from page 262)

In the wings of Gomphns, stages of tracheal development
were found which corresponded to those found in Anax. The
observations and remarks made concerning the wings of Ana.v,
as regards their size at the various stages of tracheal develop-
ment, the variability in the number of tracheae and tracheal
branches, and the condition of the tracheae, whether simple or
fascicled, apply also in a large measure to the wings of Gom-
phus, as is shown in figs. 9-14. (Figs. 9-13 are of G. villosipes,
fig. 14 is of G. c.v His.)

In addition it should be noted that, especially in the earliest
stages, the wings of Goniphits show even greater variations
than have been described for \-hin.\-. Fig. 9 is a wing 0.12 mm.
in length from a larva 8 mm. long. It has only five tracheae,
the anal being entirely absent. The radius is branched from
its point of origin, the posterior branch is bent at right angles
and its distal portion passes caudad and crosses over the four
anterior branches of the media. It is often found that in early
stages tracheae may be very elongated so that their distal por-
tions pass either cephalad or caudad along the edge of the
wing, and this fact, together with the observation that the
courses of the tracheae are at this time indefinite and largely
a matter of chance, indicates that, the condition of the posterior
branch of R in this wing has no relation to the crossing of a
radial branch over J/l and .1/2. which is found in later instars.

In fig. 10, a wing 0.15 mm. long from a 7 mni. larva, condi-
tions are very different from the preceding, there being no less
than eleven distinct tracheae originating from the transverse
basal trunk. In this wing R is unbranched, and M has but t\\o
branches.

Figs. 11 and 12 are of the front and hind wings respectively
of a 10 mm. larva. These wings are 0.23 mm. in length and
again show noteworthy variations.

300 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

Figs. 9-12 then, represent the ontogenetic stages in Gotnphus
corresponding to the stages in Anax of figs. 1-3. The succeed-
ing stage is shown in figs. 13 and 14, — wings which are 0.4 and
0.45 mm. long, and corresponds to that of figs. 4-7 of Anax.
The differences in the sub-costa of figs. 13 and 14 are interest-
ing, as is also the presence of an additional trachea between R
and M in figs. 11 and 14, since such was never observed in
Anax,

Can we derive from the foregoing observations any clew as
to the identity of the vein Rs; can we now determine whether
the trachea crossing Ml and M2 really represents Rs and that
we should therefore call the vein which forms along its course
and in the adult lies posterior to M2 the radial sector ?

Needham has shown that in many insects the veins of the
adult may be formed independently of the tracheae and that a
vein is not always supplied by its corresponding trachea. In-
deed in the wings we are now considering, we see that the costa
receives its tracheal supply in great part from the subcosta
and radius. There is, therefore, no a priori reason for assum-
ing that the trachea called Rs may not, although it is a branch
of R, be supplying a vein which is a true branch of the media,
especially since Tillyard has shown that in Uropetala the vein
Rs is supplied by a branch of M as well as by a branch of R.

Referring again to our figures we note that the radius in the
very earliest instars (figs. 2, 3, 9, 11, 12) usually shows two
branches and that in the next instar it most often has two
groups of branches (figs. 4, 5, 13, 14) representing the same
two branches ; and in addition to these a fine tracheal branch
which passes backward and crosses over the two anterior
branches of the media. The differences between R in figs. 4
and 5 and the same trachea in figs. 6 and 7 are easily explained
by referring back to the conditions found in the preceding in-
star. All of the principal tracheae in this first stage are sim-
ple, they are not composed of fascicles of fine branches as in
the two later instars. In passing from this instar to the next,
the two branches of R seen in figs. 2 and 3 develop branches
equaling themselves in caliber and pursuing a course more or

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 301

less parallel to the tracheae from which they have originated,
thus producing the conditions shown in figs. 4 and 5. In fig.
4 the anterior of these two branches is now composed of three
fine tracheae, the posterior branch is still a single trachea ; in
fig. 5 the anterior branch is three-branched, the posterior two-
branched. In addition there is another fine branch, the trachea
Rs of Needham. This trachea is always but a single fine strand
in this instar and crosses over Ml and M2. It can be inter-
preted only as a new outgrowth of the radius, appearing for
the first time in this instar, and not as the original posterior
branch of this trachea which has shifted its position. In fig. 1
the radius has no branches ; a larva in which such a condition
obtains would in the succeeding instar show a condition such
as is represented in figs. 6 and 7. The distal end of the vein
has produced a branch so that it is now double at the end, in
the same manner as the two branches of R in figs. 2 and 3 have
given rise to the two anterior groups of branches seen in fig. 5.
In addition, R, in figs. 6 and 7, shows a caudal branch Rs which
again is a new outgrowth, appearing for the first time in this
instar, just as the small branches which have appeared on the
anterior side of both Sc and R are new outgrowths. With
respect to .!/, a similar observation might be made on the
phenomenon of tracheal branching and on the presence of fas-
cicles of tracheae where only single tracheae existed in the
preceding instar. In fig. 8 is shown the instar following upon
that which is represented in figs. 4-7. The fascicled condition
is more evident than in the preceding instar and it is noted that
Rs, which was heretofore always simple, has now also produced
branches and is composed of a group or fascicle of three
tracheae.

In the wings of Gomphus the same conditions obtain. The
usual two-branched condition of the radius of the earliest stage
is seen in figs. 0, 11, 12; and in figs. 13, 14, the next stage, in
which the two radial branches have been replaced by two fas-
cicled branches and in which there is an additional fine branch
crossing over .1/1 and .1/2.

It is evident then, that when a trachea or tracheal branch

302 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

appears it is at first a single strand and not until the following
instar does it acquire a fascicled condition as the result of the
formation of parallel branches. Therefore, I believe that the
branch Rs, which appears in the instar shown in figs. 4-7 of
Anax, and in figs. 13 and 14 of Gomphus, is a new tracheal
outgrowth appearing first in this instar and that it is not the
posterior branch of the two-branched radius of the preceding
instar (figs. 2, 3, 9, 11, 12). This posterior branch of R
(called Rs by Needham) really develops into Rl, while the
original R\ of this first stage does not develop into any prin-
cipal trachea, but the small branches of which it is composed
pass forward into the region of the costal vein.

I believe the evidence I have given is sufficient to demon-
strate that if the trachea which Needham refers to as Rs in
his fig. 1, A, is the true Rs, then in the grown larva the trachea
Rl is really Rs, and the Rl of Needham's figure is represented
in later stages only by the fine tracheae which pass forward and
supply the costa, or possibly it has become combined with Rs
and the fine tracheae going to the costal vein represent branches
of Rl.

I have also shown that the tracheal branch of R which
crosses 71/1 and M2 is not the original posterior branch of this
vein which is seen in the first stage and which, according to
Needham, has undergone a shifting in position, but rather that
it is a new outgrowth of the radius and that in the instar in
which it first appears it is already in the position which it
occupies in the full grown larva. This trachea therefore, can-
not be considered as representing Rs in the sense that it has
developed by a shifting of the posterior branch of R which is
observed in the earliest stage and which Needham has said
must be Rs.

This study of the tracheation of the wings of two Anisopter-
ous larvae has thus yielded not the slightest evidence that the
trachea Rs of the earliest instar has undergone a shifting in
position and has come to lie posterior to .1/2; but rather it has
shown that this trachea retains its original position and forms,
at least in part, the Rl of the grown larva. It has revealed that

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 303

the tracheal branch of R which supplies a part of the course
of the imaginal vein Rs, appears as a secondary outgrowth
whose purpose is to function as a part of the tracheal supply of
a vein which for some reason has failed to receive a tracheal
supply from the one of which it is properly a branch, the media.
Unless we interpret Rs as a supplementary vein not homologous
to any primitive one, we must accept the theory of Tillyard and
consider it as a true branch of the media. As to the fate of the
original Rs, the ontogenetic stages in the larva seem to indicate
that, at least the tracheae corresponding to this vein, remain
along the course of A*!, and that possibly the vein Rs has com-
bined with Rl or has taken its place. This is the conclusion we
should arrive at if we trusted in the ontogenetic stages to obtain
a true account of phylogeny. However, I believe that our faith
in such evidence should not be too implicit and that conclusions
derived therefrom should not be accepted unless supported by
other evidence which may develop out of a paleontological
study.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

COMSTOCK, J. H., and NEEDHAM, J. G., 1898,— The Wings of Insects.
Amer. Nat, XXXII and XXXIII, 1898 and 1899; Art. Odonata,

XXXII, pp. 903-911, 9 figs.

XEEDHAM, J. G., 1903,— A Genealogic Study of Dragon-Fly Wing
Venation. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, pp. 703-764, Plates xxi-
liv. (No. 1331). Wash., U. S. A., 1903.

TILLYARD, R. J., 1922,— New Researches upon the Problem of Wing-
Venation of Odonata. I. — A Study of the Tracheation of the Larval
Wings in the Genus Uropetala from New Zealand. Ent. News,

XXXIII, pp. 1-7, 45-51, Plate I.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.

Figs. 9-13, Wing rudiments from larvae of Gomphus villcsipcs.
Fig. 9, Length of larva 8 mm., length of wing 0.12 mm.
Fig. 10, Length of larva 7 mm., length of wing 0.15 mm.
Figs. 11-12, Length of larva, 10 mm., length of wings 0.23 mm.
Fig. 13, Length of larva 12 mm., length of wing 0.4 mm.
Fig. 14, Wing rudiment from larva of Gomphus e.vilis; length of
larva 10 mm., length of wing 0.45 mm.

304 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

A New Typocerus (Coleop., Cerambycidae).

By A. B. CIIAMTLAIN and J. N. KNULL, Bureau of Plant
Industry, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Through the kindness of Prof. J. S. Hine and Prof. J. G.
Sanders, the authors were allowed to work over some unde-
termined Cerambycidae in the collection of the Ohio State
University. An apparently new species of Typoccrns was
found. After carefully going over the literature, the species
was found to be undescribed. Specimens were sent to Prof.
H. C. Fall and Chas. Liebeck for examination.

Typocerus trimaculatus n. sp.

Size and form of Typocerus velutinus Oliv.

Head black, front finely punctate, covered with golden pubescence,
which is more dense on the vertex. Prothorax black, convex, apex
constricted, base impressed, finely and densely punctate, covered with
golden pubescence which becomes more dense at base and apex. Scu-
tellum triangular, densely clothed with golden pubescence. Elytra grad-
ually attenuate to apex, which is obliquely truncate and bispinose, sur-
face densely punctate and pubescent, bright yellow, with base, suture and
tip varying in color from brunneous to piceous, and three transverse
piceous bands running from suture to lateral margin. Ventral surface
finely and denselv punctate, clothed with golden pubescence. Legs
yellow. Length 15 mm.

$. — Antennae black; when laid over the dorsal surface, extending
four-fifths the length of the elytra, joints six to eleven provided each
with two large poriferous areas, the eleventh joint appendiculate and
containing four such areas.

9 . — Antennae black ; when laid over the dorsal surface, extending
beyond the middle of the elytra, joints six to eleven provided each with
two smaller poriferous areas, the eleventh joint appendiculate and con-
taining four such areas.

Superficially this species resembles Tvpoccrus zcbratits Fab.,
but it is easily distinguished from this species by the larger size
and finer punctuation of the prothorax. According to Leng's
Key* it runs to T. I'dntinns Oliv. The bright yellow color of
the elytra, together with the black cross bands, will at once
separate the two species.

Type, a male collected at New Roads, Louisiana, on July 14,
in Authors' collection. Paratvpes as follows : — Oaines-nTe.
Florida, collected on May 14, bv C. J. Drake, in Ohio State
University collection ; New Roads, La., collected on July 14, in
the collection of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Plant Industry ;
Winnfield, Louisiana, collected on May 12, by H. C. Fall, in
the collection of Prof. H. C. Fall, to whom we are indebted
for the loan of the specimen.

*Entomologica Americana V. 6, p. 150 — 1890.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 305

The Life History of Lerodea eufala Edwards.
(Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae.)

By KARL R. COOLIDGE, Hollywood, California.
Lcrodca eufala, a rather common butterfly of the southern

• -

states, extending its range thence through Mexico into Central
America and the Antilles, seems to have only recently invaded
California, entering by way of the Imperial Valley. No pub-
lished records exist of its inhabitation in California. The late
\V. G. Wright, in his Butterflies of the ITrst Coast, misidenti-
fies the species, figuring it on plate 31, b and c, as Paw.f>hila
ucreus, and stating that: "It is common enough at Yuma, but
does not come further west." Dr. Lindsey, in his recent revi-
sion of the Hesperioidea, gives the range of eufala as "Florida,
Texas, Arizona" and its seasons as "April to July, October and
November. "

In recent years several specimens have been taken about San
Diego, and in the Coachella Valley, which is virtually an
extension of the Imperial Valley, and which marks the western
limits of the Colorado Desert, it seems to have gained a firm
stronghold.

It occurs only scantily about Palm Springs, but at Indio,
some twenty miles to the south and in a much warmer district,
it is rapidly becoming a common butterfly. Here it is certainly
triple-brooded, and may even have four or five broods. The
first hot weather in late March or early April brings it on the
wing, but not in any considerable numbers. Towards the first
week in June it appears again and by the middle of the month
is fairly abundant. But the largest numbers are to be found
about the middle of ( )ctoher, continuing well into November.
Very probably there is a brood emerging some time in August,
but as this is a scorching month on the desert no records of its
appearance then have been noted.

On October 21, Ifl20. I found eufala abundant at Indian
Wells, a small settlement near Indio, and confined some females
in a mason jar with some ordinary lawn grass. These pro-
ceeded to lay almost at once when expnscd to the hot sun. and
by October 23 a total of twenty-eight eggs had been laid.
On October 30 these began to disclose, making the egg period
nine days.

306 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

Brought to Los Angeles, most of the larvae ceased feeding
and in a few days were dead, apparently unable to adapt them-
selves to a seacoast climate so much in contrast with the dry-
ness of the desert. In fact, I have had this same difficulty with
all the eggs and la/vae I have brought in from the desert.
Larvae of Pholisora Jibya Scudder, though supplied with abso-
lutely fresh sprigs of their food-plant, could not be induced to
touch them. Likewise, larvae of Melitaca chara Edwards re-
fused their Bclcpcronc and soon passed away. And this sea-
son not a single one of over fifty eggs of Atlides halcsus
Hiibner has hatched, although I can see that the embryos have
apparently fully developed. But half grown larvae do not seem
to mind the change in the least, and readily go on with their
transformations.

So but two of my cnfala larvae survived their visit to Los
Angeles, and the record of their transitions is as follows:

Eggs laid October 23rd, 1920

Eggs hatched October 30th, 1920

Larvae passed first moult November 15th, 1920

Larvae passed second moult December 28th, 1920

Larvae passed third moult February 2nd, 1921

Larvae passed fourth moult March llth, 1921

Pupated April 1st, 1921

Images emerged April 24th, 1921

This makes a total of 184 days from egg to imago, but very
probably on the desert, under natural conditions, the larvae
mature much more quickly and pass the winter in a pupal state.

There is nothing of unusual interest to record in the behavior
of the young larvae. They form the usual type of vertical nest
by drawing together the edges of a blade of grass with ten or
a dozen loose strands of silk. In later stages the nest is more
perfectly closed, a cylinder being formed in which the larva
remains hidden from view and apparently feeding entirely by
night. They were extremely sluggish, remaining at times
motionless for days at a stretch.

Egg. — Hemispherical, the base sharply flattened, 1.04 mm. in diameter.
From base sloping at first very gradually, then from upper two-thirds
rather rapidly, to the narrow, rounded summit, where the diameter is
but .30 mm. The micropyle is in a shallow weak pit and difficult to
detect. The surface of egg rather evenly broken by a delicate tracery

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 307

of scarcely perceptible raised polygonal cells, which average .04 mm.
in diameter. Color a very delicate pale green, glistening. Height
.72 mm.

The young larvae, upon emerging from the eggs, at once
attacked the empty shells and in nearly every instance devoured
them to the bases.

Lari'a. — First Instar. — Head suhtriangular, rounded, higher and
broader than any part of the body, and with the median suture only
faintly impressed. Head .56 mm. in diameter, black, shining, delicately
rugose and clothed with only a few short straight sharp but weak color-
less hairs, at scattered intervals, but most numerous about the frontal
triangle. These hairs .08 mm. in length.

Body slender, quite uniform, tapering only slightly posteriorly. In
color the body is a pale lemon yellow, with a very delicate whitish sheen.

Series of minute, bristle-bearing papillae arranged on the body as
follows : A subdorsal series, located on the anterior portion of the seg-
ment, one on each side to a row and rather sharply inclined outwards.
A laterodorsal row, centrally located. A suprastigmatal row, placed
slightly anterior to middle of segment. An infrastigmatal row, situated
just posterior to middle of segment. On the thoracic segments the sub-
dorsals become supralaterals and are there centrally located. These
papillae are black, .01 mm. in height, and of the same diameter at base.
The arising hairs are black, .04 mm. in height, very slightly enlarged an.l
flattened apically, where the diameter is .01 mm. ; the tips pellucid.

Each segment with six, fine, transverse creases, of which the foremost
one is the most conspicuous. The transverse dorsal shield of first
thoracic segment shining black, narrow, extending laterally to just above
the spiracles, .03 mm. in width, but thickened subdorsally. A few fine
black hairs on the shield. Anal segment with four, subdorsal, pale
yellowish papillae from which project long, colorless, spiculiferous hairs
posteriorly, these being .40 mm. in length ; also a few shorter, colorless,
wavy hairs bordering the anal segment, some as long as .20 mm., others
but .08 mm.

Pseudostigmatic blisters laterally on second and third thoracic seg-
ments geminate, pale testaceous. Spiracles round, .02 mm. in diameter,
with a prominent brownish orange ring. On the eighth abdominal seg-
ment the spiracles arc enlarged. .04 mm. in diameter, elevated, and
higher above the line than the others. A fine, even, dark green dorsal
line, .02 mm. in length.

Prolegs and ventral surface pale greenish yellow. I>gs very pale
yellow brown, shining.

Length 2.56 mm. Height at first thoracic segment .44 mm. Width at
anal segment .38 mm.

\s the larva feeds the ground o>l<>r ni" the !><>dy becomes more ami
more a pale grass ^reni. and white substigmatal and suprastigmatal
bands appear, but are not well defined nor prominent in this stage,

308 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

Second Instar. — Head .90 mm. in diameter, pale orange brown, mottled
with sordid white ; the brown quite regularly defined, especially in a
median stripe that divides and sends two branching streaks over the
front face, and a conspicuous oblique band. Hairs of head weak, sharp,
colorless, scattered, .08 mm. in length on the average.

Body profusely sprinkled with minute black papillae, each giving rise
to a short, sharp, black hair, .05 mm. in length. The dorsal line even,
fine, dark green. Collar as before, piceous black. Anal segment with
a rather thick fringe of sharp, wavy, colorless hairs, spiculiferous, some
as long as .30 mm. Spiracles round, .03 mm. in diameter, with a fine
orange brown annulation.

Body in color pale grass green, with a white sheen especially notice-
able on either side of the dorsal line. Prolegs and ventral surface pale
green. Legs pale yellow brown. The suprastigmatal and substigmatal
white bands still indistinct.

Length 7 mm. Width at first thoracic segment .80 mm. Width at
anal segment .72 mm.

Third Inslar. — Head 1.16 mm. in diameter, sordid white, with pale
orange brown blotchings as in previous stage ; along the median suture
this blotching is deep brown, almost black. Hairs of head as before,
now averaging .12 mm. in length-
Body adorned as before with minute papillae, now .02 mm. in height
and with the arising hairs .08 mm. in length on the average. Collar,
as before, piceous black. Hairs fringing" anal serrmert n; i^ng as .40
mm. Spiracles .04 mm. in diameter, with a distinct orange brown ring ;
on eighth abdominal segment the spiracles are .08 mm. in diameter.
Dorsal line prominent, dark green, .20 mm. in width.

Body in color pale grass green; on either side of the dorsal line the
ground color is more or less broken up by whitish blotchings. Prolegs
and ventral surface pale grass green ; legs pale orange brown, shining,
fuscous at tips. The white suprastigmatal band now rather prominent ;
the white substigmatal stripe much less so.

Length 12 mm. Width at first thoracic 1.06 mm. Width at anal
segment 1 mm.

Fourth I:isiar. — Head 1.60 mm. in diameter, sordid white, marked as
before with orange brown stripes, blackish brown along the median
suture. Hairs of head as before, some as long as .24 mm., others but
.08 mm.

Numerous, black body papillae as before, now .03 mm. in height and
of the same diameter at base, with the arising hairs .10 mm. in length,
straight, sharp, colorless. Hairs fringing anal segment as long as .56
mm. Spiracles .05 mm. in diameter, round, with a prominent orange
brown ring. Dorsal line dark green, prominent, .30 mm. in width.

Body in color a vivid grass green. Prolegs and ventral surface pale
grass green. Legs pale orange brown, shining, darker at tips. The
suprastigmatal band now yellow white, not very prominent ; below it a
second, finer, concolorous band, not very distinct. The substigmatal

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS 309

hand white, even, but not at all prominent. The space between the upper
band and the dorsal line subject to yellowish white blotchings, especially
immediately next to the dorsal line.

Length 17 mm. Width at first thoracic 1.38 mm. \Yidth at anal
segment 1.20 mm.

Fifth Instar. — Head 2.08 mm. in diameter, sordid white, and as before
marked with orange brown stripes. Sides of head pale gray yellow.
Interior to these sides a dark orange brown area broken with a wavy
stripe of yellow and with irregularly placed yellow blntchings. The
line of the median suture black, spreading out to include the frontal
triangle, now a pale gray green. Hairs of head as before, some as long
now as .36 mm.

The black body papillae as before, .04 mm. in height and of the same
diameter at base, with the arising hairs straight, sharp, colorless or
faintly brown tinged, of varying lengths, some .12 mm. long, others but
.05 mm. Hairs fringing anal segment as long as .62 mm. Spiracles
pallid, .12 mm. in diameter, with fine brown ring^. Dorsal line even,
dark green, and bordered with an obscure blotching of rather bright
yellow. The segmental creases cf each segment fine, bright yellow.

Body in color vivid grass green. Prolegs and ventral surface pale
grass green. Ventral surface with some short, sharp, colorless, spicu-
liferous hairs, perhaps .16 mm. in length on the average. Legs pale
orange brown, shining, darker at tips. The two suprastigmatal bands
as in previous stage, pale yellow, not very prominent nor sharply defined.
The substigmatal band white, even, but not conspicuous.

Length 21 mm. Width at first thoracic 1.90 mm. Width at anal seg-
ment 1.68 mm.

Chrysalis. — Slender and cylindrical, of almost 'uniform width until
tapering rapidly at the last three abdominal segments. Head with sides
straight, slightly narrower than the thorax. Ocellar swellings rather
prominent. Head in middle protuberant, the pmjcction extending to a
distance of 2 mm. and ending in a rounded knob.

On the abdominal segments a prominent dark green dorsal line, .5 mm.
in width, marked on cither side with a crcnate yellowish white edging.
This dorsal line narrowing posteriorly and fading out on the last two
abdominal segments. A subdorsal, yellow white band, fairly prominent,
beginning on abdominal segment one, parallel with the dorsal line, but
converging laterally, and then sweeping back dorsally so as to join the
d- rsal line at next to the last abdominal segment, where both bands
disappear. Tongue case freely extending beyond tips of wings to a
distance of 3.4 mm., truncated at end, where the width is .16 mm. In
color the free portion of the tongue is a sordid green, with a prominent
golden brown edging.

Color a delicate green, slightly deeper in tone on the abdomen dorsally.
Head protuberance and cremaster opaque. A few fuscous hairs, clavate
and sharply bent, on edges of head case; the-,e an exceedingly minute,
but .02 mm. in height, and very infrequent. Spiracles elongate, .1-1 mm.
in length, with a distinct brown edging. Hooklets of -remaster opaque.
.26 mm. in length, abrnntly cm- iked apically into a clubbed head, .02
mm. in width and reddish brown tinned.

Length 20.5 mm. Width of head 3 mm. Width of th-irax 3.75 mm.
Suspend''-! \\eal.ly by a small button of silk anally, and with a strong
but loose thoracic girdle.

310

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Dec., '22

Notes and Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF

THE GLOBE

Old Time Economic Entomology on Staten Island, New York.

In an old book of records of the town of Northfield, Staten Island,
labeled "Town Records, 1783 to 1823," an agriculturist of the period
recorded at least two ways of combatting insect pests. It was thought-
ful of him to put his information in such a safe place, for of course
the book of town records was to be preserved, and our regret is that
he failed to fill up all of the blank pages with observations on the
natural history of Staten Island when he was trying out his experi-
ments with soft cow dung, water and "Eder sprouts."

The recipes are as follows: "1. Tanse boiled and' Cabich or other
Plants Weterd with the Decoction prevents flys &c, Eating them.

"2. Soft Cow Dung put in Water and Eder [Elder?] Sprouts
bruised and Steepd in the Water put over any plant prevents any insects
injuring them." — WM. T. DAVIS, New Brighton, S. I., N. Y.

The Moth Nacophora quernaria variety atrescens (Lep. :

Geometridae).

The black and white variety of Nacophora quernaria described by
Hulst in the Canadian Entomologist for June, 1898, under the name of
atrescens, appears to be very rare in collections. It is not represented
in the extensive collections of the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, the Museum of*the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences or in
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The type came from
"London, Ontario, Canada ; from Mr. Moffat."

Nacophora quernaria var. atrescens Hulst.

In the summer of 1921 the senior author found a large Geometric!
caterpillar on wild cherry at Upper Montclair, New Jersey, and on
April 23, 1922, the female moth, reproduced in the accompanying figure,
appeared. It is one of the most beautiful of Gecmetrid moths, and, as
far as known, the first record of the insect from tins part of North
America. — ERNEST SHOEMAKER and WM. T. DAVIS.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PHILADELPHIA, PA., DECEMBER, 1922.

"He Helped Me When No Others Volunteered."
The cover of the NEWS for this year, 1922, has borne a small
portrait of Charles Alfred Blake, an early member of the
American Entomological Society and a contributor to the lit-
erature on American Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. After
his death on June 24, 1903', an obituary notice of him ap-
peared in this journal for September, 1903, accompanied by
a larger and later photograph. That notice contains this inter-
esting recollection by Air. E. T. C'resson :

I remember the many nights Mr. Blake toiled with me in the publica-
tion of the Proceedings and Transactions, and he was ever ready and
willing to help me when no others volunteered; we worked together
side by side at the case, and while I rolled on the ink, he pulled the
press — being the stronger. He was a cheerful companion, and his good
humor rendered the work easier and the time passed more pleasantly.
The Society is greatly indebted to him for his endeavors in its behalf.

Those endeavors are referred to by the late Dr. Henry C.
McCook in the Introduction to the History of the same Society,
published in 1909. Speaking of the founders, he wrote :

these pioneers, discerning clearly the importance of the \vork to which
they had set themselves, and the need of an organ of communication
with entomologists elsewhere, ' began almost immediately the publication
of a journal of their proceedings. The lack of income and of state aid
and patronage did not deter them. Indeed it did not even occur to them
to appeal to city, state or nation for help. They purchased fonts of
type and a hand press and set up and printed off, by their own labor
out of business hours, as well as wrote and edited their discoveries,
descriptions and reflections thereon.

It is well to recall these voluntary, unpaid labors of our pre-
decessors, for the need of similar, unselfish aid is as great
t<>day as it was in the eighteen hundred and sixties — nay,
greater. 'AYhen no others volunteered." Then, as now. it wa>
the few who did. The many looked on.

311

312 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Dec., '22

The University of Michigan-Williamson Expedition to Brazil.

Mr. Jesse H. Williamson went by the steamship Bahia from Para on
August 18, 1922, to Rio de Janeiro, arriving August 28, and having
landed en route for a few hours respectively at Maranhao, Ceara, Recife
(Pernamhuco) and Bahia. He collected in the vicinity of Rio from
August 31 to September 27 on favorable days, as there was much cloudy
weather when insects were not visible. He arrived at his home in
Bluffton, Indiana, in the latter half of October.

Entomological Literature

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical ELnto-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series P,

The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.

4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 5 — Psyche, Cam-
bridge, Mass. 6 — Journal of the New York Entomological Society.
7 — Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Columbus,
Ohio. 8 — The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 — The
Entomologist, London. 13 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology,
Claremont, Cal. 30 — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, The Hague,
Holland. 33 — Annales dc la Societe Entomologique de Belgique,
Brussels. 37 — Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society.
49 — Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 54 — Proceedings
of the Biological Society of Washington, D. C. 62 — Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History, New York. 68 — Science,
Garrison-on-the-Hudson, N. Y. 69 — Comptes Rendus, des Seances
de 1'Academie des Sciences, Paris. 74 — Proceedings of the Staten
Island Institute of Arts and Sciences, New York. 76 — Nature, Lon-
don. 85 — The Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia.
90 — The American Naturalist, Lancaster, Pa. 91 — The Scientific
Monthly, Lancaster, Pa. 101 — Journal of The Linnean Society of
London. 103 — Biologisches Centralblatt, Leipzig. lll--Archiv fur
Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 114 — Entomologische Rundschau, Stutt-
gart. 116 — Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. M. 138 — Amer-
ican Museum Novitates. 143 — Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung.

GENERAL. Gibbs, L. — Obituary notice. 4, liv, 167-8. Horn,
W. — Et meminisse et vaticinari liceat. Ueber crfahrungen mit
papierschere tmd kleistertopf. 49, xi, 130-1. Jordan, D. S. — The

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 313

production of species. 68, Ivi, 44S. Sharp, D. — Obituary notice. 9,
1922, 217-21; 8, 1922, 234-7; 76, ex, 521-2. Wade, J. S.— The scarab:
emblem of eternity. 4, liv, 14.3-'.). Weiss, H. B. — -The fungous insect
fauna of a mesophytic woods in X. Jersey. 54, xxxv, 125-28. Wil-
liams, C. B. — Co-ordinated rhythm in insects; with a record of
sound production in an aphid. 9, 1922, 173-6.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Baldi, E.— Studi sulla lisi-
ologia del sistcma nervoso negli insetti. 85, xxxvi, 211-88. Clausen
& Collins — The inheritance of ski wing* in Drosophila melanogaster.
(Genetics, vii, 385-426.) Garstang, W. — The theory of recapitula-
tion: a critical re-statement of the biogenetic law. 101, xxxv, 81-102.
Hyde, R. R. — An eyeless mutant in Drosophila hydei. (Genetics,
vii, :;i '.)-:: I.) Janet, C. — Considerations sur 1'etrc vivant. L'individu,
la sexualite, la parthenogenesc ct la mort, au point de vue ortho-
biontique. Beauvais, 1921. I'.'O pp. Krausse, A. — Myrmekologie
und phylogenie. Ill, 1922, A, 9, 79-89. Lancefield, D. E. — Linkage
relations of the sex-linked characters in Drosophila obscura. (Gen-
etics, vii, 335-84.) Pearl & Parker — On the influence of certain envir-
onmental factors on duration of life in Drosophila. 90, Ivi, 385-405.
Timberlake, P. H. — Observations on the phenomena of heredity in
the larlybeetle, Coelophora inaequalis. 37, v, 121-33. Wolff, C.—
Uber konzentrische strukturen ini eikern von colcopteren. (Arch. f.
Zellforschung, Berlin, xvi, 443-02.)

ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Ewing, H. E.— The phyl-
ogeny of the gall mites and a new classification of the suborder
Prostigmata of the order Acarina. 7, xv, 213-22. Oudemans, A. C.
— L'eber die metamorphose der vogelbewohnenden Acaridiae. 30,
Ixv, 184-91. Pawlowsky, E. N. — Zur mikroskopischen anatomic des
blutgcfassystems der skorpionen. (Act. Zool., Stockholm, 1922,
461-74.) Thor, S. — L'eber die phylogenie und systematik der Aca-
rina mit beitragen zur ersten entwicklungsgeschichte einzelner grup-
pen. (Nyt Mag. f. Naturv., Kristiania, Ix, 113-30.)

Chamberlin, R. V. — The No. American spiders of the family Gna-

phosidae, 54, xxxv, 145-72. Chapin, E. A. — On Simonella, a genus

of Salticid spiders new to No. Am. 54, xxxv. 129-32. Marshall, R.

—New American water mites of the genn > Neumania. (Tr. Wise.

Ac. S., A. & L., xx, 205-14.)

THE SMALLER ORDERS— Branch, H. E.— A contribution to
the knowledge of the internal anatomy of Trichoptera. 7, xv, 256-75.
Lacroix, J. L. — ICtudes sur les ChrvMipidcs. (An. Soc. Linn. Lyon,
1921, 51-KI7.) Longinos Navas, R. P. In^rctos nuevos o poco cono-
cidos. (Mem. R. Ac. Cien. y Art.'-. Han-dona, xvii, Xo. 15.) Lucas,
W. J.— Colour preservation in dragon flies. 9, L922, '.'((9. Sulc, K.—
Prispevky ku poznani INyll. 111. ( l\<>/. Ceske Ak. Fr. Jos., Praze,

314 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

xxiv, II, 5.) Withycombe, C. L.— The wing venation of the Coniop-
terygidae. 9, 1922, 224-5.

Macnamara, C. — Two new species of Achorutes (Collembola). 4,
liv, 149-53.

ORTHOPTERA. Willemse, C.— Beschreibung einer neuen Rhi-
pipteryx aus Sud-Amerika. 49, xi. 174-76.

HEMIPTERA. Barber, H. G.— Note on Luteva Carolina. 6, xxx,
130. Donisthorpe, H. — How the honey-dew of plant-lice is excreted.
8, 1922, 233-4. Heikertinger, F. — Sind die wanzen (Hemiptera heter-
optera) durch ekelgeruch geschutzt? 103, xlii, 441-64. Kershaw &
Muir— The genitalia of the Auchenorhynchous Homoptera. 7, xv,
201-12. Morrison, H. — On some trophobiotic Coccidae from British
Guiana. 5, xxix, 132-52. Parshley, H. M. — Tingitidae or Tingidae.
68, Ivi, 449.

Bergroth, E. — The American species of Ploecariola. 143, ii, 77-81.
Essig, E. O. — A new aphis on California sage (Aphis hiltoni). 13,
xiv, 61-2. Ferris, G. F. — Notes on Coccidae. 4, liv, 156-61. Con-
tributions toward a monograph of the sucking lice. (Stanf. Univ.
Pub. Biol. Sc., ii, 139-78.)

LEPIDOPTERA. Andrews, J. E.— Some experiments with the
larva of the bee-moth Galleria mellonella. (Tr. Wise. Ac. S., A. &
L., xx, 255-62.) Chase, R. W.— The length of life of the larva of the
wax-moth Galleria mellonella, in its different stadia. (Tr. Wise. Ac.,
S., A. & L., xx, 263-68.) Fassl, A. H. — Neue schmetterlingsformen
aus Brasilien. 116, xxxvi, 38-9; 42-43. Giacomelli, E. — Trois lepi-
dopteres nouveaux de La Rioja, Rep. Argentine. 9, 1922, 2i25-7.
Jordan, K. — Einige neue Saturnoidea aus Sudamerika. 49, xi, 193-5.
Kruger, E. — Catoblepia orgetorix und verwandte arten in Columbien.
114, xxxix, 38-9. Leiby, R. W. — Biology of the goldenrod gall-maker
Gnorimaschema gallaesolidaginis. 6, xxx, 81-94. Marshall, W. S. —
The development of the frenulum of the wax moth, Galleria mello-
nella. (Tr. Wise. Ac. S., A. & L., xx, 199-204.) Meyrick, E —
Exotic microlepidoptera. Vol. 2, Parts 16-17. Tee-Van, J. — The
dance of the butterflies. (Zool. Soc. Bull, N. Y., xxv, 120-22.)

[McDunnough, ].]— A correction. 4, liv, 168. Watson, F. E.—
Miscellaneous notes and records of local L., and description of two
new aberrations. 6, xxx, 131-5.

DIPTERA. Cartwright, W. B.— Sexual attraction of the female
hessian fly. 4, liv, 154-5. Davis, W. T. — Records of flies belonging
to the family Hippoboscidae chieflv from Staten Island, N. Y. 74,
i, 64-5. Fluke, C. L.— Syrphidae of Wisconsin. (Tr. Wise. Ac. S.,
A. & L., xx, 215-54.) Koeppel, A. — Ein doppelatimer. Ein beitrag
zum kapitel der anaerobiose . . . Der hecht der schnakenlarven.
(Mikrokosmos, 1921, 1-4; 110-13.) Legendre, J. — Role trophique des

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 315

oiseaux a 1'egard des Culicines. 69, clxxv, 1)40-8. Lloyd, H.—
Larvae of Phormia chrysorrhea, found upon nestling bluebirds.
(Can. Field Nat., xxxvi, 11(5.) Parker, G. H. — Possible pedogenesis
in the blow-fly, Calliphora erythrocephala. 5, xxix, 127-31. Ton-
noir, A. — Notes sur le genre Nemopalpus et description d'une espece
nouvelle. 33, Ixii, 125-36. Vimmer, A. — Nekolik pnznamek k mor-
fologii larev Dipter. (Roz. Ceske Ak. Fr. Jos., Praze, xxiii, II, 44.)
Zavrel, J. — Ustni ustroje larev Pelopiir. (Tanypinae). (Roz. Ce^ke
Ak. Fr. Jos., Praze, xxv, II, 24.)

Curran, C. H. — The syrphid genera Hammerschmidtia and Brachy-
opa in Canada. 7, xv, 239-55. Kieffer, J. J. — Notice sur quelques
Chironomides d'Amerique et de Nouvelle-Zelande. (An. Soc. Linn.,
Lyon, 1921, 145-8.) Malloch, J. R.— Seven n. sps. of the syrphid
genus Sphegina. 54, xxxv, 141-4.

COLEOPTERA. Benick, L.— Einige steninen des stadtischen
museums in Stettin. 143, Ixxxii, 117-24. Bernet Kempers, K. J. W.
— Nadere beschouwingen van het adersysteem der coleoptera in ver-
band met het systeem van prof. Kolbe en anderen. 30, Ixv, 1-38.
Blair, K. G. — A new genus and some new species of Mordellidae.
8, 1922, 221-26. Falcoz, L. — Etudes sur les Cryptophaginae. (An.
Soc. Linn., Lyon, 1921, 24-40.) Kleine, R. — Bestimmungstabelle der
gattung Brenthus. Ill, 1922, A., 9, 89-114. Moser, J. — Beitrage
zur kenntnis der Melolonthiden. Neue Melolonthiden von Mittel-
und Sud-Amerika. Neue Cetoniden-arten. 143, Ixxxii, 48-73; 133-82;
183-87. Pic, M. — Melanges exotico-cntomologiques. Fasc. 36, 32 pp.
Schenkling, S. — Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars 75: Scarabaeidae:
Trichiinae, Valginae. 58 pp. Schmidt, A. — Bestimmungstabelle der
mir bckannten Canthon arten. Verbreitungsgebiete der Canthon-
arten. Neubeschreibungen von Canthon, Saprositis, Mendidius,
Euparia und Alaenius. Ill, 19:3:2, A., 3, 61-103.

Blatchley, W. S. — Notes on the Rhynchophora of eastern N. A.,
with characterizations of n. gen. and descriptions of n. sps. 6, xxx,
95-1 06. Hopping, R. — New sps. of the old genus Leptura and allied
genera. 4, liv, 162-6. Notman, H. — A new genus and sp. of weevil
from Texas. 6, xxx, 128-9.

HYMENOPTERA. Bouvier, E. L. — Nouvellcs recherches sur
1'apparition des individus reproducteurs dans la fourmi fauve et la
fourmi des pres. 69, clxxv, 555 58. Brues, C. T. — Conoaxima, a
new gen. of the hymenopterous faihily Eurytomidae: with a descrip-
tion of its larva and pupa. 5, xxix, i5:;-s. Friese, H. — Nachtrag zur
bienent'auna von Costa Rica. 143, Ixxxii, 71-98. Herbst, P. — Revi-
sion der Halictus arten von Chile. 49, xi, 1*0-91. 7.ur synonymie
chilenisclier blumenwespen. I'ber chilcnischc hymenopteren, welche
Brethes erwahnte. V.w synonymie cliilenischcr grabwespen. 143,

316 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

Ixxxii, 99-116. Kieffer, J. J. — Causeries sur 1'abeille. (Mem. Ac.
Nat. Metz, 1921, 113-233.) Peacock, A. D.— Observations on the
biology of sawflies. 9, 1922, 227-31. Plath, O. E.— A unique method
of defense of Bremus fervidus. 5, xxix, 180-7. Robertson, C.—
Synopsis of Panurgidae. 5, xxix, 159-73. Stumper, R. — L'influence
de la temperature sur 1'activite des fourmis. 33, Ixii, 137-40. Quan-
titative Ameisenbiologie. 103, xlii, 435-40. Wheeler, W. M. — Ants
of the genus Formica in the tropics. 5, xxix, 174-77. Keys to the
genera and subgenera of ants. 62, xlv, 631-710. Ants, their develop-
ment, castes, nesting and feeding habits. 91, xv, 385-404. Neotropi-
cal ants of the genera Carebara, Tranopelta and Tranopeltoides.
138, No. 48.

Rohwer, S. A. — A new parasite of the spruce budworm. 4, liv,
155-6.

ECTOPARASITES. Edited by Dr. K. JORDAN and the Hon. N. CHARLES
ROTHSCHILD, M. A., Vol. I, pt. 4, pp. 199-286, text figures 195-280.
Issued September 1, 1922. [Zoological Museum, Tring, Herts, Eng-
land.]— This publication is issued at irregular intervals, the preceding
three parts bearing the dates December 30, 1915; January 20, 1920, and
January 15, 1921, and being devoted entirely to fleas. The present num-
ber contains articles on Polyctenidae (including one on The American
Polyctcnidae by Dr. Jordan), on Clinocoridae and Siphonaptera (with
some new species of fleas from North, Central and South America).
Of the Polyctenidae Dr. Jordan says : "The five American species which
are known [3 of them new] are so much alike that not only must they
be placed in one single genus Hespcroctcncs Kirk. (1906), but cannot
be distinguished from one another except by a close examination of the
details in the vestiture and of the relative proportions of the sections
of the body and appendages. Hesperoctenes is a primitive genus which
has remained comparatively stationary, the species not having developed
in very different directions . . . Considering the large number of
species of bats which are known we may conclude that the ten Polycte-
nidae so far discovered represent but a small proportion of the species
actually existing on these mammals in the tropical and subtropical
countries."

There is a Note on the Distribution of the Onjan of Bcrlesc in Clino-
coridae, also by Dr. Jordan. He finds that this organ (which appears
externally as a deep triangular incision in the apical margin of the fourth
abdominal sternite of females, placed asymmetrically on the right side,
about midway between the centre and the lateral margin of the seg-
ment), is present in seven described species of Clinocoris (Cimex auct),
Bertilia i-aldiriac and two species of Occiacns. the Swallow Bugs. In
Haematosiphon and Cacodmns there is an analogous organ on the upper
side of the fifth abdominal segment, central in Haematosiphon ("which
is presumably the more primitive position"), asymmetrical toward the

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 317

left side in Cacoduuts. Berlese's organ has been supposed to be an
organ of copulation, receiving the spermatozoa direct from the male
and passing them on to the body cavity, whence they reach the oviduct
and the ova. In the Clinocoricl genus Lo.raspis and the nearly related
Polyctcnidae no such organ is known.

Doings of Societies.

Entomological Section, The Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia.

Meeting of January 26, 1922. Five persons present, Dr. Skinner pre-
sided.

COLEOPTERA. — A specimen of the sweet potato weevil, Scylas fonni-
carius, from Hayti was presented by Mr. Kisliuk.

ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. Rehn made a few remarks on two Cuban species
of the genus Etirycotis, and followed this by commenting upon the num-
ber and distribution of the West Indian species of the genus Epilampra,
with particular reference to those of Hispaniola.

Meeting of March 23, 1922. Eleven persons present, Vice-director
R. C. Williams presided. Alessrs. John C. Hollinger, R. H. Hutchison
and Arthur D. Whedon were elected members.

Mr. Rehn gave an interesting account of the collecting trip he made
last summer with Mr. Hebard in the western United States.

DIPTERA. — Mr. Cresson exhibited a collection of named Diptera from
the East Indies, which he said would make a valuable addition to the
collection. Tt contained more than 100 species new to our series. Air.
Rehn moved that the Conservator approve the purchase by the Academy
or the Section for the sum of $25.00. Carried.

Mr. Hornig mentioned the late appearance of mosquitoes this season.
He noted for the first time the appearance of Cnlcx canadcnsis the day
before.

Meeting of May 26, 1922. Nine persons present, including Dr. J. M.
Aldrich, U. S. National Museum, visitor. Director Philip Laurent in
the chair.

DIPTERA. — Mr. Cresson reported the purchase by the Academy of the
collection of Diptera to which attention of the Section was called at tin-
last meeting.

Dr. Aldrich gave an interesting account of his trip to Alaska the pre-
ceding summer. He spoke of the present accessibility of the country, of
the climatic conditions in the interior as so different from those of the
oia-tal reL'imis, which necessarily have much influence on the insect
fauna. He spoke of the similarity of the flora and insect fauna with
tin isc ,if northern Minnesota and southern Canada. Regarding the
Diptera, he said there was an abundance of species of the Drosophilidae

318 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '22

and Anthomyiidae in the interior, but there was an apparent scarcity of
the Muscoidea in general. He did not see any specimens of the house-
fly until he returned to British Columbia. For the first time in all his
years' collecting he captured both sexes of a species of the Lonchopteri-
dae in numbers at the same time. He said both sexes of these flies are
rarely captured at the same time.

LEPIDOPTERA. — Mr. Williams exhibited some of the larger North
American Hcsperidae and drawings of their male genitalia, calling
attention to several species superficially very close, but which showed
remarkable differences in the characters of these organs.

ORTHOPTERA. — Mr. Rehn made a communication upon the West Indian
species of the blattid genus Plccoptcra, illustrating his remarks with a
series including all the species now known from those island?.. The
speaker discussed the taxonomic features of the species and their groups,
particularly those of the genitalia.

EZRA T. CRESSON, JR., Recorder.

OBITUARY.

V

Two obituary notices of the late Dr. DAVID .SHARP lie before
us — from The Entomologist for October, by W. J. Lucas, and
from The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, for the same
month, by J. J. Walker. Each is accompanied by a (different)
portrait. One refers to him as of the "very front rank of zool-
ogists," the other as "one of the most distinguished Entomol-
ogists of our time." "Unquestionably," says one, "Dr. Sharp's
magnum opus is the treatise on 'Insects' forming the greater
part of two volumes [V, VT] of the 'Cambridge Natural His-
tory'," published in 1895 and 1899, "but it is safe to say that
no work of equal value on general Entomology has been pro-
duced in this country since Westwood's 'Introduction to the
Modern Classification of Insects' appeared more than half a
century previously." When the present writer had to select a
general work on insects as part of a necessarily small collection
of books to accompany him during a year in Costa Rica, his
choice fell upon this work of Sharp's. Although Dr. Sharp
was a specialist in Coleoptera, his wide sympathies and experi-
ence made it possible for him to deal more equally with the
various orders of insects than almost any other one man could
have done, and the two volumes — if largely compilations from
the nature of the task' — contain much new material throughout.

xxxiii, '22] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 319

Dr. Sharp's greatest service to zoologists, and hence to ento-
mologists, was his recordership of the section on insects in the
Zoological Record from 1885 and his editorship of the entire
annual volumes from 1891. "This work he continued till the
year of his death, even completing the reading of the final
proofs of records for 1920 during his last illness."

Mr. \Yalker says : The magnitude of Dr. Sharp's entomological work
during his long life may be estimated hy the fact that no fewer than
257 entries stand under his name in the Royal Society's Catalogue of
Scientific Papers and the Zoological Record to date, besides a multitude
of minor articles in onr own and other magazines.

His chief works on the Coleoptera are A Rezfision of the
UritisJi Species of Hoinalota (1869), on the Staphylinidae of
Japan (1874) and of the Amazon Valley (1876); on Cole-
optera of New Zealand (1878, 1885) and of the Hawaiian
Islands (1878-80, and in the Fauna Haivaiicnsis, 1899, 1908) ;
On Aquatic Carnivorous Coleoptera or Dysticidac (1880-82) ;
on water-beetles, Staphylinidae, most of the Clavicornia, certain
Rhynchophora, Brenthidae and Bruchidae in the Binhgia Ccn-
trali-Americana (1885-1911), Catalogue of the British Cole-
optera in conjunction with Canon W. W. Fowler (1893),
Rhynchophora of Japan (1896), and The Comparative Anat-
omy of the Male Genital Tract in Coleoptera (with F. Muir—
his son-in-law — 1912).

He was born October 15, 1840, at Towcester, Northants, and
died August 27, 1922, at Brockenhurst. From about his twelfth
to his twenty-fourth year he lived in London with his father,
a leather merchant, where—

Herbert Spencer was for some considerable time an inmate of his
father's house and there can be no doubt that the keen and logical quality
of Dr. Sharp's mind was in large measure due to his early association
with the eminent philosopher, who gave him much encouragement and
assistance in his first efforts in the study of Natural History, and of
whom he was wont to speak with respect and affection to the end of his
life. In 1904 [he] wrote an article in the Zoologist entitled The Place
of II, '!•'>,•>•! .S'/vmvr in Binlogv, having particular reference to him in
connection with the teachings of Charles Darwin.

Sharp studied medicine for two years in St. Bartholomew's
Hospital, London, then at the University of Edinburgh, where

320 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS \ Dec. ,"22

he received the degree of M.B. in 1866. From 1867 to 1883
he practiced in Dumfriesshire; from 1890 to 1909 he was Cura-
tor of the University Museum, Cambridge. His own collection
of beetles from all parts of the world was acquired for the
British Museum, his entomological library by the Cawthron
Institute, Nelson, New Zealand ; his British beetles remain with
his family.

He was President of the Entomological Society of London
in 1887 and 1888, elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1890,
an honorary M.A. of Cambridge, one of the fifteen honorary
members of the Entomological Society of France, correspond-
ing member of the American Entomological Society (1898).
and of many other scientific associations. — P. P. CALVERT.

HAMILTON H. C. J. DRUCE, son of the Lepidopterist, Her-
bert Druce (1846-1913, see the NEWS, xxiv, page 432), died
June 21, 1922, at the age of 54. He specialized on the Lycaenid
and Hespcrid butterflies, his most important publications being
Monograph of Bornean Lycacnidac (1895, 1896) and Neotrop-
ical L\caenidac (1907), both in the Proceedings of the Zoolog-
ical Society of London, which contain also a number of his
shorter papers.

His only separately published work was a small but very valuable
volume* containing photographic reproductions of many of the type
specimens of Lycaenidae in the Berlin Museum, but he was, until forced
to give up on account of ill health, actively engaged in completing the
volumes on Rhopalocera in the Fauna of British India Series. His col-
lections are now in the Hill Museum, Witley, having been purchased
by Mr. J. J. Joicey some three or four years ago. (Kntom.. Sept.. 1922.)

EDWARD Louis GRAEK, the lepidopterist, of Brooklyn and
Bay Shore, New York, died February 15, 1922. in his eightieth
year. An' obituary notice and portrait were published in the
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society for April (re-
ceived August 17).

*This is doubtless: Illustrations of South .African Lycacnidac; being
photographic representations of the /v/v specimens contained in the
Imperial zoological museum at Berlin. London, 1910, pp. 1-35. 8 pis.,
quoted in the Zoological Record for 1910, Insects, pp. 37, 321. — EDITOR.

INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIII.

(* denotes new genera, species or varieties)

ALDRICH, J. M. Mr. E. A. Schwarz, honorary Ph.D. . . . 242
ALEXANDER, C. P. Undescribed crane-flies from Argen-
tina, Part V 207

An undescribed species of net- winged midge from

Argentina 10

ALLEN, H. W. Ovipositional habit of Pyraustomyia peni-

talis. (Tachinidae) 263

I'.ARNES & BENJAMIN. On the types of Gnatnptonychia

rent rails, a correction 217

BARNES & LINDSEY. New synonyms in the Noctuidae . . 9
BENJAMIN, F. H. Early stages of Nor op sis hicro-

glyphica 277

(See Barnes & Benjamin.)

BRAUN, A. F. A new genus in the Gelechiidae 43

BRIMLEY, C. S. Additional data on North Carolina

Tabanidae, Bombyliidae and Tachinidae 230

List of the robber-flies of North Carolina 294

List of the Tachinidae of North Carolina 20

BROWER, A. E. Preparatory stages of Catocala itlaliunc,

with larva of C. lacrynwsa for comparison 234

BUTIIX, W. Some cases of aberrant oviposition in but-
terflies 26

CABRERA, J. Observations on Dibclona cttbcnsis, a little

known Cuban Gryllacrid 169

CALVERT, P. P. The boundless field of entomology

(editorial) 29

Chrysops costata sucking human blood in Cuba (Re-
view) 283

Collect data first, specimens second (editorial) 185

The conservation of natural conditions (editorial) .... 150
Entomology at the convocation week meetings, Decem-
ber, I'^l . (editorial) 53

"He helped me when no others volunteered" (editorial) 311

321

322 INDEX

Insect surveys (editorial) 279

The need of greater precision in taxonomic literature

(editorial) 241

Obituary: T. A. Chapman, G. von Seidlitz, G. B. Long-
staff, "P. W. L. Sladen. and T. W. Fyles 127

Obituary : William Lucas Distant, George Alexander
James Rothney, Arthur W. Bacot, Henry Rowland-
Brown, Hans Fruhstorfer, Otto Taschenberg, Louis

Bedel 254-256

Obituary : David Sharp, Hamilton H. C. J. Druce, Ed-
ward L. Graef 318-320

Obituary: Ernest Rousseau and Patrick Manson .... 159

Obituary: Caroline B. Thompson .... 62

On firing shot (editorial) 217

Review: Ectoparasites 316

Review : Professor Benedict Jaeger 252

Review : Nomenclator coleopterologicus 252

Review : The Psychic Life of Insects 222

Review: Report of the Imperial entomologist, 1920-21 254
Review : Report of the Proceedings of the Fourth

Entomological Meeting Held at Pusa 223

Review : University of Iowa Studies 253

Those incomplete titles again (editorial) 89

Zoological bibliographies (editorial) 119

CHAMBERLIN, R. V. A new diplopod from British Guiana

taken at quarantine at Philadelphia 85

A new milliped of the genus Polv.rcnus from Florida

Keys 165

CHAMPLAIN & KNULL. New North America Coleoptera. 144

A new Typoccrus 304

COCKERELL, T. D. A. Some Coccidae found on orchids. 149
COOLIDGE, K. R. The life history of Lcrodca cufala .... 305
CRESSON, E. T., JR. Descriptions of new genera and spe-
cies of the dipterous family Ephydridae. — V 135

Minutes of The American Entomological Society 192

Minutes : Entomological Section of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (see under General
Subjects: Entomological Section)

IXDEX 323

CRESSON & REHN. Entomological literature (see under

General Subjects)
DAVIS, W. T. Old time economic entomology on Staten

Island, New York 310

(See also Shoemaker & Davis.)

EWING, H. E. Notes on the occurrence and distribution
of Antarctic land arthropods (springtails and mites:

Collembola and Acarina) 76

FALL, H. C. A correction and a protest 83

Notes on Clivina, with description of a new species from

the Pacific coast 161

FELT, E. P. A new gall midge on rushes 166

FERRIS, G. F. A note on Tiiucina calif ornicnm 282

FISHER, W. S. A new Cerambycid beetle from Santo

Domingo 52

FORBES, W. T. M. Five strange Lepidoptera (Oinophili-

dae, Noctuidae, Gelechiidae.) (ill.) 97

FRENCH, G. H. Catocala iilalumc a distinct species. . . . 233
PRISON, T. H. Further biological and systematic notes
concerning Brent us kincaidii, and other closely related

species 214

GAIGE, F. M. University of Michigan-Williamson expedi-
tion to Brazil (see under General Subjects: Univer-
sity of Michigan-Williamson expedition.)

HALL, G. C. A carbon-tetrachloride killing bottle (ill.) . . 112
NARROWER, D. Minutes of The American Entomological

Society 191

HOLLAND, W. J. A few notes on distribution 168

HEBARD, M. Obituary : Joseph Lane Hancock 160

Review: Catalogue of Indian insects. Acrydidae

(Tettigidae) 95

The stridulation of a North American Noctuid, Hcli-

ochcilus paradoxus 244

HOUGH, W. S. Observations on two mealy bugs. Triony-

inits trifolii, and Pscmlococcits uKtrituiins 171

HOWARD, L. O. A braconid feeding by indirect suction. . . 218
HUTCHISON, R. H. Mulfonl biological exploration of the

Amazon basin news bulletins 55, 91. 150, 245

324 INDEX

JONES, F. M. A new North American psychid 12

Two new Psychids, and notes on other species (ill.) . . 129
KENNEDY, C. H. The morphology of the penis in the

genus Libcllula (ill.) 33

The phylogeny and the geographical distribution of the

genus Libellula (ill.) 65. 105

KIRK, H. B. Biological notes on Elateridae and Melasi-

dae 236

KNULL, J. N. (See Champlain & Knull.)
LEATHERS, A. L. Chironoinits brascniac, a new species . . 8
LINDSEY, A. W. The authorship of the Lepidoptera des-
cribed in the Encyclopedic Methodique, Vol. IX 281

Notes on the distribution and synonymy of some spe-
cies of Pterophoridae 211

(See Barnes & Lindsey.)

McATEE, W. L. Bird lice (Mallophaga) attaching them-
selves to bird flies ( Hippoboscidae) 90

Note on abundance of mosquitoes 121

Prosimulium fuhnini, a biting species 79

A shower of Corixidae .' 88

McDuNNOUGH, J. Synonymic notes on Lepidoptera .... 228
MALLOCH, J. R. Keys to the syrphid genus Sphegina. . . 266

Notes on two Acalyptrate Diptera 293

Temnostoma boinbylans Linne doubtfully American . . 278

MARCHAND, W. Aphis-lion attacking man 120

MARTIN, J. O. Studies in the genus Hetacrius (Histeri-

dae) 272, 289

MASON, A. C. Cryptothrips lanrcll, a new thrips from

Florida (ill.) 193

MASON, F. R. Additions to the Coleoptera in The

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 241

A collecting adventure near home 225

METCALF, C. L. Doings of societies. The Entomological

Society of America 64

NAKAHARA, W. On anomalies in wing markings of

Basilarchia astyana.v 183

NEEDHAM, J. G. A peculiar damselfly nymph of the sub-
family Thorinae (Agrionidae) (ill.) 264

INDEX 325

PARKS, T. H. Doings of Entomological workers in

Ohio institutions 96

PARSHLEY, H. M. A change of name in the Saldidae . . 71
Hemipterological notices — II 41

REHN, J. A. G. (See Cresson & Rehn.)

REIXH\RD, H. J. Host records of some Texas Tachini-

dae 72

RILEY, C. F. CURTIS. Food during captivity of the water-

striders, Gcrris remit/is and (/". inarninatits 86

ROSEWALL, O. W-. Insects of the yellow thistle 176

SCH MiniRR, R. G. The tracheation of the wings of early
larval instars of Odonata Anisoptera, with special
reference to the development of the radius (ill.) 257, 299
SHOEMAKER & DAVIS. The moth Nacophora qncrnaria

var. atrescens 310

SKIXXER, H. The identity of Ncouiinois ridings! and Ar.

dionysus (ill.) 74

Protoparcc rustica in Florida and Mr. T. L. Mead .... 280

Review : Bulletin of the Hill Museum 95

Review: Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee 251

TILLYARD, R. J. New researches upon the problem of the

wing- venation of Odonata (ill.) 1, 45

Review : Insect Transformation 153

VAX DUZEE, E. P. A new North American genus of

Cydnidae 270

VTERECK, H. L. Obituary: A. Mocsary 157

Obituary : Victor Szepligeti 61

WEISS & LOTT. The juniper webworm, Ypsolophns mar-

(/incllits 80

\YETSS & WEST. Notes on the Desmodium leaf miner,

PctcJivscJidiis lacvigatns (ill.) 180

WEST, E" (See Weiss & West.)

WIU.IAMSOX, E. B. Enallagmas collected in Florida and
South Carolina by Jesse H. Williamson, with descrip-
tions of two new species ( ill. ) 114, 138

Indiana Somatochloras again 200

I.ibellulas collected in Florida by J. H. Williamson, with
description of a new species 13

\Yiu.i\MS, R. C. Minutes of The American Entomo-
logical Society 224

326

INDEX

GENERAL SUBJECTS

Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia, Coleoptera

in 241

Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia (see 'also
Entomological Section.)
America, Entomological So-
ciety of 64

American Entomological So-
ciety 191, 224

Animals attacked by insects,

79, 120, 283

Bibliographies, Zoological ... 119
Bibliographies and catalogs

wanted, Information on... 118
Elake, C. A., In memory of.. 311
Boundless field of entomology 29
Brazilian entomological so-
ciety, Foundation of 240

Carbon-tetrachloride killing

bottle (ill.) 113

Catalogs wanted, Information

on 118

Collect data first, specimens

second 185

Collecting near home 225

Concilium bibliographicum, To

the American subscribers of 122
Conservation of natural con-
ditions 150

Convocation week meetings . . 53

Crop protection institute 56

Cuvier's magnifying glass.... 240

Disease and insects 12

Disease transmission by lice

and horsefly 12

Economic entomology on Sta-

ten Island, Old time 310

Entomological Literature,
30, 57, 92, 123, 151, 187, 219,
246, 284, 312.

Entomological Section ...155, 317
Exchange of scientific litera-
ture with Russia 245

Fire, Entomological losses by 51

"He helped me when no oth-
ers volunteered" 311

Human blood sucking by
Chrysops in Cuba 283

Incomplete titles 89

Insect photography 283

Insect surveys 279

• Kiangsu bureau of entomol-
ogy 218

Killing bottle, Carbon-tetra-
chloride (ill.) 112

Mulford biological exploration
of Amazon Valley. 55, 91,
150, 245

Ohio institutions, Entomolog-
ical workers in 96

Parasites of insects 20, 72

Photographs received for the
album of The American En-
tomological society 73

Plants attacked by insects,
8, 12, 20, 44, 80, 133, 148,
156, 166, 171, 180, 193, 237,
263, 280, 282.

Plants visited by insects. . 149, 176

Russia, Exchange of litera-
ture with 245

Russia, Request for exchanges
with 186

Taxonomic literature, Preci-
sion in 241

University of Michigan-Wil-
liamson expedition to Brazil,

11, 104, 186, 216, 242, 312

Zoological record, Save the.. 91

OBITUARY NOTICES.

Bacot, A. \V 255

Bedel, L 256

Chapman, T. A 127

Distant, W. L 254

Druce, H. H. C. J 320

Fruhstorfer, H 256

Fyles, T. W 128

INDEX

327

Graef , E. L 320

Hancock, J. L 160

Longstaff, G. B 128

Manson, P 159

Mocsary, A 157

Rothney, G. A. J 255

Rousseau, E 158

Rowland-Brown, H 256

von Seidlitz, G 128

Sharp, D 318

Sladen, F. W. L 128

Szepligeti, V 61

Taschenberg, 0 256

Thompson, C. B 62

PERSONALS.

Alexander, C. P 240

Blake, C. A 311

Mead, T. L 280

Schwarz, E. A 242

REVIEWS.

Bouvier : Psychic Life of In-
sects 222

Carpenter : Insect Transfor-
mation 153

Fletcher: Catalogue of Indian
insects 95

Fletcher: Report of the Im-
perial entomologist 254

Hill Museum, Bulletin of 95

Jordan & Rothschild : Ecto-
parasites 316

Oberthur : Etudes de Lepid.
Compar 251

Pusa, Fourth Entomological
Meeting at 223

Schmidt : Nomenclator cole-
opterologicus 252

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRI-
BUTION

Arizona: Col., 148, 238. Lep.. 12.
California: Col., 276, 289. Dipt.,

136. Hem., 270. Lep., 305.

Orth., 282.
Colorado: Col., 237. Hem., 149.

Lep., 74, 269.

Connecticut : Col., 237.

Florida: Col., 145, 304. Lep., 131,

280. Myriop. 165. Odon., 13,

114, 138. Thys., 193.
Idaho : Lep., 74.
Illinois: Dipt., 166.
Indiana : Oclnn., 200.
Iowa: Lep., 168, 212.
Kansas : Lep., 169.
Louisiana: Col., 304. Dipt., 176.

Hem., 176. Hym., 176. Lep.,

101, 176.

Maine : Col., 237. Hym., 156.
Maryland: Dipt., 270, 293.
Massachusetts : Lep., 103.
Michigan : Col., 239.
Mississippi : Lep., 100.
Missouri : Lep., 233.
New Jersey: Col., 180. Lep., 80,

310. Neur., 120.
New Mexico: Col., 144, 241.
New York: Dipt., 8. Lep., 103,

183.
North Carolina: Dipt., 20, 230,

294. Lep., 133.
Ohio: Col., 147. Hem., 171. Lep.,

44.

Oregon: Col., 164, 237. Dipt, 90
Pennsylvania : Col., 236. Lep.,

168. Odon., 191. Orth., 169.
South Carolina : Lep., 133. Odon.,

138.

Texas: Dipt.. 121. Lep., 100, 244.
Utah: Hem., 88.
Virginia: Col., 238.
Washington : Dipt , 137.
Wyoming : Lep., 74.
Antarctica : Acar., 76 Collemb., 76
Canada: Col., 237. D'plop., 85.

Dipt., 90. Lep., 101, 212. Mal-

loph., 90.

Central America : Dipt., 135.
South America: Dipt, 10, 136,

207. Lep., 26. Odon., 242, 264.
\\Vst Indies: Col., 52, 317. Dipt.,

135, 283. Orth., 169.

328

INDEX

ARACHNIDA AND MYRIA-
PODA

Acarina, Occurrence and dis-
tr bution of Antarctic .... 76

Antarctica, Halozctcs 77

bartschi*. Poly.vcnus 165

Diplopod taken at Philadel-
phia, A new British Guiana 85
Gamascllus (see racovitsai) .
tin 'an-anus*, Trichonannolcnc

(ill.) 85

Halozcics (see antarctica).

Milliped from Florida 165

Polyxenus from Florida, New 165
racointzai, Gamascllus 77

Trichonannole

85

COLEOPTERA

alboinaculatum*, Elaphidion. . 146
Ancpsyra (see Elaphidion).

angusticcps, Lymnaeum 83

Anthophila.r (see quadrimacu-

latus).

arena-turn, Bembidium 83

Atiinia (see huachucac).
Bembidium (see arcitatitm,

incrcmatuin) .

bicolor*, Idoemca 145

Biological notes on Elateridae

and Melasidae 236

blanchardi, Hctacrius 292

brunncipcnnis, Hctacrius .... 293

Buprestidae 180

calif ornicus, Hctacrius 293

Callichroma (see domingocn-
sis).

Carabidae 83, 161

Carabidae, Correction and

protest 83

castlci*, Mastogenius 145

Cerambycid beetle, New .... 52

Cerambycidae 52, 304

Chrysobothris (see woodgatci).
Clivina, Rearrangement of

species 161

Clii'ina from tlie Pacific Coast 161

collaris, Clirina 162

cordata, Clirina 163

dclonyi*, Elaphidion 147

dcntipcs, Clh'ina 162

Desmodium leaf miner 180

dietrichi*, Hctacrius 291

domingoensis*, Callichroma.. 52
Elaphidion (see albomacula-
t it in, dclonyi).

Elateridae 236

exiguuj, Hetacrius 293

fcrrugincus, Hctacrius 273

Aoridanus*, Leptostylus 148

formicarius, Scylas 317

fossor, Clivina 162

Hctacrius. Studies in 272, 289

hirsiitus, Hctacrius 292

Histeridae 272

horni, Hetacrius 292

huachucae*, Atiniia 148

fdocmea (see bicolor).

imprcssifrons, Clivina 162

incrcmatum, Bembidium .... 83
laczigatus, Pachysclichis (ill.) 180
Lasiodcnna (see scrricornc).

laticcps, Lyinnacniii 83

Leptostylus (see floridanus).
Lymnaeum (see laticcps, an-
gusticcps).
Mastogenius (see castlci).

Melasidae 236

minimus, Hctacrius 292

morsus, Hctacrius 292

nudus*, Hctacrius 290

orcgona*, Cl'ivina 164

Pachyschclus (see laci'igatus).

pilosus*, Hctacrius 276

quadrimaculatiis*, Antho-

plnla.r 147

quadrinotatus, Typophorus . . 156

rufa, Clivina 162

Scylas (see formicarius).

scrricornc, Lasiodcnna 224

sctosus*. Hctacrius . 289

INDEX

329

sti</mula, Clirina 163

st re units, Hetaerius 292

striatopunctata, Clivina 162

trinuicnlalus*, Typoccnis .... 304

iristriatus. Jietucrins 292

Typncems, A new 304

Typopliorus (see quadrinota-

tus).

randylcei*, Hetaerius 275

wheel cri, Hetaerius 293

White Mountains, Collecting

in the 225

i\.'iltiinnsi, Hetaerius 292

woodgatet*, Clirysnhothris .. 144
zehts, Hetaerius 292

DIPTERA

Acalyptrate Diptera, Notes on 293

ad finis*, Triinerina 137

alicna*, Discocerina 137

amoenicnrnis*, Tipula 210

argentinensis*, Edwardsina .. 10
Asilidae, List of North Caro-
lina species 294

ai icitlaria Ornitlioinyia 90

Blepharoceridae, Undescribed
species from Argentina ... 10

Bombyliidae 230

braseniae*, Chironomus 8

hniiihylaiis, Tciiiiiostoina .... 278

Ciiiiadensis, Cule.v 312

Cecidomyiidae 166

Cerodontia (.see femoralis,

nigroscutellata, fulripcs).
Ccropsilopn (see coquilielti.
dispar).

Chironomidae 8

Cliirtinoinns (see hraseniae).
Clirysnps enstatu sucking hu-
man blood 283

C'lirysops (sec disculis).
cuinpllcalir'-, l\hiil>(li-,mnti.\- .. 209

.•»./;a//i'//i'*, Ceropsilopa 136

costata. Cl;rysi>ps 283

Crane-flics from Argentina . . 207

Cnle.r (see cuiiitdcii:

Culicidae 121

Dicranomyia (see omissivena).

diinidi/itd*. I'silopa 137

discalis, Chrysops 12

Discocerina (see alicna).

dispar*, Ceropsilopa 135

Edwardsina (see urijcntincn-

sis).
Kphydridae, New genera and

species 135

feinontlis. Cerodontia 293

fnk-ipcs. Cerodontia 293

fill-fit in, Prosiuiiiliidii 79

Gall midge, A new 166

fituidens*, (leranoinyia _'(>S

Geranomyia (see ynndcns).'

liinei*, Ptagiops 135

Hippoboscidae carrying Alal-

lophaga 90

Horsefly transmitting disease. 12

June!*, Procyslip/iora 166

Leptopsilopa* 136

lineanota*, Lcptopsilupa 136

Mosquitoes, Abundance of... 121
Minuet opia (see nitens).

ni(jr'u-t>.\-a*, Leptopsilopa 136

olf/a*, Psilopa 137

Jiiaroseittelhita, Ccr«dontin . . 293

nitens, Mninctopia 293

oinissii'cna*, Dicran.nnyia ... 207
Ornithomyia (see aiiciiltiria}.
Ovipositional habit of 1'ynms-

toinyia penitaHs 263

/'( //opsilopa (see sclt^'arzi).

penitalis, l^yraitsLnnyia 263

I'latjiops (see hincii.
Prueystiplinri: (see jnnci).
I'rosinntliitin (see ftil-r.'itin).
I'.iloptt (see skinneei, olya,

ditnidiatu ) .

Pyraustomyia penitalis. Ovi-
positional habit of 263

Rhabdomastix i see
cata).

330

INDEX

Sacandaga (see Rhabdomas-
£r). '

schwarsi*, Peltopsllopa 135

Simuliidae, Biting habit of... 79

skinncri*, Psilopa 139

Sphegina, Keys to the spe-
cies of 266

subapicalis*, Leptopsilopa . . . 136

Syrphidae : 266, 278

Tachinidae 20, 72, 230, 263

Tachinidae, Some Texas rec-
ords 72

Tachinidae of North Carolina 20
Temnostomabombylans doubt-
fully American 278

Tipitla (see amoenicornis).

Tipulidae 207

Triincrina (see ad finis).

HEMIPTERA

Aneiints (see simplex).
Aonidia (see pscudaspidiotits) .

Apateticus 42

Aradus (see roluistus).

bolsduvatii, Diaspis 149

caecus*, Pscctrocephalns 271

Chrysomphalus (see dictyo-

spcrmi).
Coccidae found on orchids... 149

Coccidae 149, 171

Corixidae, Sho\ver of 88

Cydnidae, New genus of 270

Diaspis (see boisduvalii) .
dictyospcnni, Chrysomphalus 149
Euschistus (see tristigmits) .
Food of water-striders dur-
ing captivity 86

Gcrris (see rcmigis, margina-

lus).

Lice and a horsefly transmit-
ting disease 12

marginatus, Gcrris 86

maritimus, Pscudococcns .... 171
Mealy bugs. Observations on 171
Pentatomoidea of Illinois by
C. A. Hart 41

Fsectroccphahts* 270

pseudaspidiotiis, Aonidia .... 149
Pseudococcus (see maritimus).

remigis, Gcrris 86

robustus, Aradus 43

Saldidae, Change of name in. 71

simplex, Ancnrns 43

trifolii, Trionynnts 171

tristiginns, Euschistus 41

Trionymus (see Irifolii).

HYMENOPTERA

Biological notes on Bombidac 214

Bombidae 214

Bremns kincaidii. Notes on.. 214
Brennis (see strcnniis. polaris).
Feeding habit of a Braconid. 218
Habrobracon johansenni, Feed-
ing habit of 218

johansenni, Habrobracon .... 218

kincaidii, Bremus 214

Pelccinus (see polyturator).

kincaidii, Bremus 214

polyturator, Pelecinns 156

strcnuns, Bremus 214

Systematic notes on Bombidae 214

LEPIDOPTERA

Acronycta (see daresccns).

albida, Platyptilia 213

Alucita (see Orneodes).
andropogonis*, Slereomita . . 44

arenclla*, Gclcchia (ill.) 103

Argyraciis (see callista).

arrosta, Ccrapoda 9

astyana.v, Basilardiia 183

atrcsccns, Nacoplmra (ill.).. 310
Inisilarchia (see astyann.r).
brachymorpha, PlatyptiHa . . 213
cacocncmos*, Psyche (ill.) . . 131
callista*, Argyractis (ill.) ... 102
callista*, O.ryclophila (ill.).. 102
Caloplwsia (see strigala).
Catocala ulaluinc a distinct
species 233

INDEX

331

Catocala ulalunic, Preparatory

stages of 234

celibata*, Psyche (ill.) 130

Ccrapoda (see oblita, arrosta).
Chelonia (see doris, ucrca,

michabo, minca).

clarescens, Acronycta 228

contemplate;, Macaria 229

Coremia (see defensaria).
cosmodactyla, Platyptilia .... 213

crenulatii, Platyptilia 213

defensaria, Corcttiia 229

dionysns, Ncoininnis 74

Distribution of some Ptero-

phoridae 211

Distributional notes 168

dii'isaria, Ypsipetes 229

doris, L hclonhi 228

Duvita (see taharnsclla).
Encyclopedic Methodique,

Authorship of Lepidoptera

described in 281

eufala, Lerodea 305

Hurycyttanis (see Psyche),
ficldi, Oidaematophorus .... 212
fishii, Oidaematophorus .... 212

fragilis, Platyptilia 213

friuidaia, Ypsipetes 229

fiiscicornis, Plalyplilia 213

Gel c chia (see arcnclla).

Gelechiidae 43, 80, 97

Geometridae ' 310

Gnampt any chia (set- vcntralis).
Hcliocheilus parado.nts, Strid-

ulations of 244

Hesperiidae 305

hierofjlyf-'hicn, Xoropsis 277

hucbncri. Ornendcs 213

Juniper web\vorin (see Ypso-

lophus inargitieHus).

lacryiiwsa, Catocala 234

!.,-r, >dca eufala. Life history

of 305

Oidaematophorus 213

Life history of Lerodea

eufala 305

linns, Oidaematophorus 213

louisiana*, Xylonnisa (ill.) . . 101
Macaria (see contemplate) .
margincllus, Ypsolophus .... 80
martnarodactyla, Platyptilia . 213
inatlieisianiis, Oidaematophor- ..

its 212

mengcli, Stcnoptilia 212

iniclial'/i, ('helonia 228

minca, Chelonia 228

montana, Orncodes 213

Xacophora quernaria var.

atrcsccns (ill.) 310

Ncomitwis (see ridingsi,

dionysns) .

nerca, Chelonia 228

Noctuidae 9, 233, 244, 277

Noctuidae, Synonyms in the. 9
Noropsis hieroglyphica, Early

stages of 277

Nymphalidae 183

oblita, Cerapoda 9

Oidaematophorus (see mathc-

tivauus, ficldi, fisliii. linns,

lienigianus).

Oiketicns (see toumeyi).
Orncodes (see montana, hueb-

neri).
Oviposition in butterflies,

Aberrant 26

Oxychphila* 102

Phacnscs* 98

Platyptilia (see marmarodac-

tyla, crcnuhtta, brachyinor-

pha. fuscicornis, ensnwdac-

tyla. shasfae, fragilis, al-

hida, tesseradactyla) .

plwviata, Ypsipetes 229

Protop.trc,' ntstica in Florida 280
Psyche (see celibata, traeyi,

cacocnemos) .
Psychidae 12, 129

332

INDEX

Psychidae, New North Amer-
ican 12, 129

Pterophoridae 211

Pterophonts (see Oidctua-

tophorus) .

riding si, Neominois (ill.) ... 74

rustica, Protoparcc 280

sabinclla*, PJwcoscs (ill.) . . 100

Satyridae 74

shastac, Platyptilia 213

Sphingidae 280

Stenoptilia (see mcngcli).

Stcrcomita* 43

Stridulations of Hcliochcilus

parado^ns 244

strigata, Calopliasia 9

Synonymic notes 228

Synonymy in Pterophoridae. 211

iahavusclla*, Durita 103

tcsscradactyla, Platyptilia . . . 212

toumcyi*, Oikeficns (ill.).. 12, 133

tracyi. Psyche (ill.) 131

ulalumc. Catocala 233, 234

z'cntralis, Gnamptonychia . . . 217
Wing markings in Basilarcliia

astyanax 183

Xylonnisa* 101

Ypsipetcs (see frigidata, divi-

saria. phiviata) .
Ypsolophus (see marginellus).

MALLOPHAGA

DcgecricHa (see rotundata).
Docophorus (see 'leontodon).

leontodon, Docophorus 90

Mallophaga attached to Hip-

poboscidae 90

Nirmiis (see itncinosus).

rotundata, DccjrcricUa 90

uncinosus, Nirinits 90

NEUROPTERA

Aphis-lion attacking man . . . 120
Chrysopidae 120

ODONATA

Agrionidae 144, 138, 264

atic/clina. Lib cU ula (ill.) ... 67
Anisoptera, Tracheation of

the wings of (ill.) 257, 299

aitripauiis. LibclIuJa (ill.). 18, 106
a.villcna, Libcllnhi (ill.)... 18, 107

cardcniitni, Enallagma 143

chiltom, Uropclala (ill.) .... S
comanchc, Libcllula (ill.).... 107
composite, Libcllula (ill.) ...105
concisiini*, Enallagnia (ill.),

117, 140
croccipennis, Libcllula (ill.) . . 68

cyanca, Libcllula (ill.) 107

dcplanata, Libcllula (ill.) ... 69

dcpressa, Libcllula (ill.) 108

dilatatus, Gomphus 191

doubledayi, Enallagnia 142

durum, Enallacnua 142

Enalla.armas collected in Florida

and South Carolina (ill.),

114, 138
Enallagma (sec sulcatum. cou-

cisuin. rcspcntiu, polJuttiiu.

pichnu, geminatum, donblc-

dayi, durum, cardtnhnn'}.

exusta, Libcllula fill.) 68

fl.arida. LibcllnJa fill.) 106

fnrcnsis. Li'bcl'ula f''ll.) .... 70

fuh'a. Libcllula fill.) 108

acmmatum. EnaUannin 142

(roinfihus fsee dilatatus^!.
bcrculca, Libcllula (ill.) .... 68
irccsta. Libcllula f ill.) . . . . 18, 107
Irttrrvci*. T ibclht'n fill.) ..13. 10=?

iitlia. LSbcllula fill.) 68

Larval instars, Tracheation of

wincrs of 257, 299

L'J'cUula. Afornholo.sry of the

penis in fill.) 33

Libcllula, Phylogeny and

geographical distribution

fill.) 65, 105

(see semifasciata,

IXDEX

333

foliata, anudina. saturata,
croceipennis, jufia, c.rusta,
il, -pianola, siibornata, lydia,
nodislictti. forcnsis, pul-
chclla, composita, jcsscana,
flarida. auripennis, luctuosa,
a.rillcna, cyanca, co>nanchc,
z'ibraus, dcprcssa, quadri-
maculaia, fnhm, incest a.)
Libellulas collected in Florida 13

Libellulidae 200

luctuosa, Libcllula (ill.) 106

lydia. Libellula (ill.) 69

M( rphology of the penis in

Lihcllnla (ill.) 33

iiuilistif/ii, Libcllula (ill.).... 70
Nymph of the Thorinae (ill.) 264
Phylogeny of the genus Li-
bcllula (ill.) 65, 105

/•/cliiiii, Ilnallainna 139

pollutum, Bnallagma 140

pulchcUa, Libcllula (ill.) 70

quadrimaculata, Libcllula

(ill.) 108

Radius, Development of the,

257, 299

saturata, Libcllula (ill.) 68

xanifasciata, Libcllula (ill.) 66

sii/inihun, /'.ii'.illai/iiM 139

Somatochlora in Indiana .... 200
siibuniatii, Libcllula (ill.)... 69
sitlccthnii*, Lnallanma (ill.),

114, 139

Thorinae, Peculiar nymph of
the 264

Tracheation of larval wings in
the genus Uropctala (ill.).l, 45

Tracheation of the wings of
larval instars of Odonata
(ill.) 257, 299

Uropetala, Tracheation of lar-
val wings in 1, 45

rcspcnim, Enallagina 139

inbrans, Libel! u!a (ill.) ...19. 107

Wing venation in Odonata (ill. ) 1

ORTHOPTERA

Blattidae 168

californicum, Tiinctna 282

cubcnsis, Dibclona 169

cubcnsis, Panchlora 169

Dibclona cubensis. Observa-
tions on 169

Panchlora (see cubcnsis).

Phasinidac 282

Tettigoniidae 169

Timcma calif ornicum. Note on 282

PROTURA & COLLEMBOLA

Collembola, Occurrence and
distribution of Antarctic . . 7R

crassus, Cryptop\f/us 77

Cryptopygus (see crassus).

THYSANOPTERA
Cryptothrips (see laurcli).
litiircli*, Cryptothrips (ill.).. 193

EXCHANOES

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These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new
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Wanted — Species of Homoptera, Hemiptera and Orthoptera not
represented in my collection in exchange for duplicate material of
these orders from South Dakota. List of duplicates on application.
H. C. Severin, South Dakota State College, Brookings, South
Dakota.

Buprestidae, Cleridae, and Carabinae wanted from U. S. or
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For Exchange — A large number of live cocoons of .Callosamia
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Wanted to Exchange — N. A. Coleoptera for same not m my col-
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Wanted — For cash, during winter of 1922 and 1923. pupae of
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Wanted — Dytiscidae not in my collection, in exchange for local
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Coleoptera for exchange — Cicin. generosa, hirticollis, modesta,
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RODOLFO SCHBIETER,

Tucuman, Argentine, calle 24 de Setiembre 1372c.

References by Mr. B. Preston Clark, Boston, Massachusetts, Kilby Street 55.

BUTTERFLIES, MOTHS, Etc.

Have a large stock of specimens always on hand
from Colombia, Peru, Brazil and other parts of
South America.

Some of the most brilliant species taken. Second
quality at half price. Send for list. Apply to

HERBERT S. PARISH

81 Robert Street, Toronto, Canada

NEW ARRIVAL

S

From Colombia, South America:
OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING

Morpho cypris Morpho amathonte

sulkowskyi Caligo spp.

From Cuba:

1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING
Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali

andraemon Erinyis guttalaris

celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.

" devilliersi

From Venezuela :

Over 5000 Lepidoptera

200 Dynastes Hercules

From New Guinea

2000 Coleoptera
200 Orthoptera

From Assam, India:
1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDINC

Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis

philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi

And Many Other Showy Species

From Tibet (Bhutan) :
Arrnandia lidderdalii Parnassius hardwicki

CATALOGUES OF

ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS
ON APPLICATION

If interested kindly send your list
of desiderata for further information to

THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA

Department of Natural Science New York

G. Lagai, Ph.D. 56-58 West 23d Street

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SMITHSON AN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

3 9088 00844 5355