ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PROCEEDINGS
v.SY
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
OF
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
OF
PHILADELPHIA
VOLUME XXXIV, 1923
PHILIP P. CALVERT, PH.D., Editor
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor
HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus
ADVISORY COMMITTEE :
EZRA T. CRESSON J. A. G. REHN
PHILIP LAURENT H. W. WENZEL
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V
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JANUARY, 1923
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXIV
No. 1
WILLIAM HARRIS ASHMKAD
1855-1908
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.
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EZRA T. CRESSON, J.
PHILIP LAURENT, H
-*^v U
3>NREHN,
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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIV.
Plate I.
TANYTARSUS FATIGANS-BRANCH.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA
VOL. XXXIV
JANUARY, 1923
No. 1
CONTENTS
Branch — Description of the Farlv Stages
of Tanytarsus fatigans Jkh. (Dipt. :
Chironomidae) i
Malloch — A New Species of Forcipo-
myia trom the Eastern United States
( Diptera. Ceratopogonidae) 4
Malloch — A New Kmpid from the East-
ern United '•Hates ( Diptera) 5
Williamson — Odonatologiral Results of
an Auto Trip Across Indiana, Ken-
tucky and Tennessee 6
Nakahara — Two New Aberrant Basilar-
chias from Northeastern United
States ( Lepid : Nymphalidae) q
Dr Fdwin C. Van Dyke in China 10
Weiss and Kirk — Pontedera's 1718 Paper
on the Cicada ( Horn op ) II
Alexander — Undescribed Species of Eri-
ocera and Penthoptera from Tropi-
cal America (Tipulidae, Diptera)... 17
Parshley — Hemipterological Notices —
III. ( Miridae, Lvgaeidae) 21
West — Immunity to Parasitism in Samia
cecropia Linn. (Lep.: Saturnidae ;
Dip.: Tachinidae) 23
Felt— Scarites subterraneus Fabr., an
Interesting Malformation (Coleop :
Carabidae ) 25
Additions to the Collections of Insects
at Iowa State College 25
Editorial— " Kindness to Butterflies".. 26
Seitz: Macrolepidoptera of the World 26
Howard— The Proper Spelling of Orni-
thodoros talaje Gue'in-Meneville
(Acar. : Ixodoidea) 27
Leussler — Indian Massacres of Early-
Days Outdone! Wholesale Slaughter
of Peaceful Pawnees by Whites 27
Leussler — Notes on Variation in 53 Spe-
cimens Pamphila pawnee collected
at Pilger, Nebraska, September 2
1922 (Lep.. Hesperidae) 28
Caudell — Ceuthophilus Infesting a Well
(Orth.: Locustidaeor Tettigoniidae) 28
Cockerell — Symphoromyia hirta John-
son Annoying in Colorado (Dipt;
Leptidae) 20
Entomological Literature.. 29
Description of the Early Stages of
Tanytarsus fatigans Joh. (Dip. : Chironomidae).*
BY HAZEL ELISABETH BRANCH.
(Plate I)
Egg masses of a Chironomid, which later proved to he
Tanytarsus fatigans Joh., were found in April upon the baffle,
board of a sluice at the Fish Hatchery of Cornell Universitv.
As the early stages of this species are as yet undescrihed,
the following may he of interest to Entomologists.
The egg masses were found above the water level, but in
situations where the spray of the flowing water kept them
moist. Swarms of adults were seen about these places from
April fifth to twenty-second and egg masses were numerous
during this period.
Upon being floated in water, the masses freed themselves
from each other and showed their individual size and shape.
Each single mass is a disc of approximately 5 mm. in diameter.
*A contribution from the Limnological laboratories, Cornell University
1
2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '23
(PI. I, Figure 3). In the transparent gelatinous matrix of
this mass is a rope of eggs about two eggs wide and two eggs
deep. This rope curves back and forth, up and down in this
shallow disc as illustrated in Figure 3, there being 435 to 450
eggs in one mass. The eggs are pale cream color and opaquely
transparent. They measure 0.175 mm. to 0.182 mm,, in length
and 0.077 mm. to 0.105 mm. in width. No definite period of
incubation can be given, as no egg laying was observed, but
the period is at least three days, as those eggs taken on April
5th hatched April 8th.
The newly hatched larva is pale like the egg color and measures 0.49
mm. in length. The head capsule is 0.07 mm. in length and the antennae
are 0.0875 mm. in length from the base of the first joint to the tip of
the antennal filaments. The antennal length in this stage is greater in
relation to the head than in the later stages. There are four anal gills
present and the rounded caudal projections hear six hairs each. The
anal prolegs bear bifid claws 0.01125 mm. in length. (PI. I, Figure 7).
The little newly-hatched larvae crawled about the old egg
mass for the first day and well in to the second, when they
started the task of building their tubes, which were made of silt
and particles of dirt. These were not individual as in the
later stages but are branched and connected to each other. The
tube in which a larva was living was open only at one end,
the other end being filled with frass. As the tube became too
short, the occupant either built up this identical tube ahead
of itself or else cut a hole in the side and built a new tube
from the side of the old one. These tubes measured about
1.5 mm. to 2 mm. in width and from 10 to 20 mm. in length.
When five days old the larva measured 0.84 mm. but the
head had not changed, indicating that a molt had not taken
place. During the next twelve days this took place as at the end
of that time two sizes of heads were noticed, 0.175 mm. and
0.28 to 0.35 mm.
At the nineteenth day (April 27th) the third molt and fourth
instar were evident. The head measured 0.42 mm. and the
larva 5.74 mm.
On the twenty-eighth day a larva pupated and the follow-
ing day the adult emerged, making twenty-nine days from
hatching to emergence.
In a second rearing experiment the hatching occurred April
xxxiv, '23]
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
15th with a head size of 0.07 mm. On the eleventh day the
head size changed to 0.157 mm., on the sixteenth day to
0.23625 mm., and on the "twenty-seventh day to 0.385 mm., the
fly emerging on the thirty-first day after hatching.
The older larvae (beyond the second instar) make tubes of
mud and algae and these are more or less erect, the opening
being in most cases brought near the surface of the water.
The food of the larva is mainly Scenedesmus caiidata,
Tctraspora sp. and several species of Ankistrodesmus.
Fig. i.— Dorsal view of the head. Fig. 2.— Ventral view of the head.
Larva of Tanytarsus fatigans Joh.
The length of a full (jrotm larva is about 5.74 mm. and the head about
0.40 mm. The antennae are shorter than the length of the head. The
larva is pale red in color with the thorax green, due probably to food
content, and the peripheral layer of fat is greenish. The penultimate
segment does not bear a dorsal hump as in T. dircs Joh. and the caudal
projections are pale with fuscous tips and eight dark hairs each. Upon
the dorsal side of these projections are two dark short hairs. (PI I,
Figure 9).
The larva belongs to Bause's incrmipcs group which is char-
acterized by the elongate antennal filaments and the chitinous
4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '23
point on the inner side of the antennal tubercles. (See Eber-
hard Bause, Archiv f. Hyrdobiolog. Stuttgart, Suppl.-Bd.
II, 1914). The details of the head and appendages are best
illustrated by reference to the text figures and Plate I.
The pupa is 5.74 mm. in length; with the thorax, head, wing pads and
legs fuscous. The dorsum of the abdomen bears setae as illustrated in
PI. I, Figure 8. The respiratory tubercle is pale, transparent and haired
(PI. I. Figure 6). The eighth abdominal segment bears a lateral spur
with five teeth, this spur being very dark (PI. I, Figure 10).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Tauytai'sus fatigans Joh.
Fig. 3. Egg Mass.
Fig. 4. Portion of the egg rope.
Fig. 5. Tip of the pupal case.
Fig. 6. Respiratory tubercle.
Fig. 7. Claw of anal proleg.
Fig. 8. Setae pattern on abdomen of pupal case.
Fig. 9. Caudal projection of full grown larva.
Fig. 10. Lateral tooth of pupal case.
Fig. 11. Labium of larva.
Fig. 12. Mandible of larva, ventral view.
A New Species of Forcipomyia from the Eastern
United States (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae).
By I. R. MALLOCH, U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey,
Washington, D. C.
On August 14th, 1921, I went to Cabin John, Maryland, to
collect insects and shortly after I reached the collecting ground
a heavy thunderstorm broke. The rain was so exceptionally
heavy and prolonged that the trees did not suffice as shelter
more than a few minutes and very- soon, everything was super-
saturated, including my clothes and collecting outfit. While
trying to wring the water from my clothes to make things
a little more comfortable if possible, I stood under a large
beech tree upon the trunk of which there still remained a few
dry spots and my attention was attracted to some minute white
clots on these areas, A close scrutiny disclosed that they were
small ceratopogonine flies and a series was bottled for a more
detailed inspection later. This inspection disclosed the fact
that the species is undescribed and one of the most strikingly
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5
colored occurring in this country. It is so very small that it
\vas not at any time seen in the net nor elsewhere during the
summer though I collected at the same spot frequently.
Forcipomyia pluvialis sp. n.
$ 9. — Whitish yellow, subopaque. Thorax in male with a dark
brown central vitta anteriorly, of female unicolorous yellow; scutellum
with a brown spot on each side at base; metanotum hrmvn; pleura
darkened below. Abdomen dark on sides, sometimes with a blackish
spot on sides of each tergite. Less usually more or less brownish but
sometimes entirely yellowish with tips of tarsal segments dark. Wings
clear, with yellow hairs, two large black spots on costa, one at apex of
first vein and the other between it and apex, the margin of wing some-
times with a faint dark spot at apex of each vein. Basal segment of
hind tarsus subequal to second. Length, .75 mm.
Type, male, allotype and 11 paratypes. Glen Echo, Maryland,
August 14th, 1921 (J. R. Malloch), in the author's collection.
A New Empid from the Eastern United States
(Diptera).
By J. R. MALLOCH, U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey,
\Yashington, D. C.
The species described below is slightly different in venation
from the genotype, but there are insufficient structural char-
acters to warrant its generic separation.
Coloboneura exquisita sp. n.
S .—Shining rufous yellow, head, disc of scutellum and of metanotum,
and the abdomen fuscous. Antennae brownish yellow ; palpi fuscous.
Mesonotum with two brownish marks on anterior margin. Pleurae and
legs whitish yellow. Wings with brownish clouds on each of the longi-
tudinal veins preapically, two blacksh spots behind posterior basal cell,
a similar spot in apex of latter close against the cross-vein and one in
base (A each cell against outer sides of the cross-vein.
Eyes contiguous for a short distance above antennae, third segment
of the latter conical, the style thick and nearly as long as third seg-
ment. Mesonotum with short black hairs, the notopleural region with
some fine setulae, posterior margin with 2 setulae ; scutellum with 6
sctulae, the apical pair longest. Abdomen tapered, hypopygium small.
Legs moderately stout, the hind tibiae with short setulae. Cross veins
closing basal cells forming a continuous oblique line ; anal vein com-
plete, very close to margin. Length, 1.5 mm.
Type, Glen Kcho. Maryland. August 28th, 1921 (J. R.
Malloch), in the author's collection.
0 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEW.- [Jan.. '23
Odonatological Results of an Auto Trip Across
Indiana. Kentucky and Tennessee.
By E. B. WILLIAMSON. BluiTton. Indiana.
In the summer of 1918, Arch L. Cook, of Bluffton. Indiana,
and myself planned a trip by auto through Indiana and Ken-
tucky to Tennessee, especially to look for Macromias. We
selected the latter part of July and the early part of August
as probably the most favorable season, realizing, at the same
time, that this season would probably yield scanty returns in
general dragonfly collecting. The expedition met with a Aeries
of mishaps during its eighteen days in the field and the num-
ber of dragonflies collected was small both in specimens and
species. At the same time it seems worth while to record our
captures and notes, though personally I have never been able
to grow enthusiastic over things one doesn't find. Twenty
species on a stream are more exciting than two, though the
latter record may have some scientific value.
We fitted Mr. Cook's one-seated Ford with a truck body
in which we carried two covered folding cots, bedding, some
scanty personal effects, a few cooking utensils and some food
and the necessary equipment for collecting and for caring for
the auto. The load was covered with a heavy tarpaulin and
roped down. The seat had no top or cover and we took the
weather as it came without protection.
We left Bluffton early in the afternoon of July 21 and
camped that night in a school house yard near Lafayette, where
an inventory showed us the first day had cost us a burned
out bearing and a broken windshield, and the loss of one
coat and our water jug. This depletion of our supply was
checked and eventually avoided entirely as we grew more pro-
ficient in loading and roping our equipment.
Early July 22 our machine hobbled into a Lafayette garage,
where we abandoned it for a visit with friends at Purdue
University. At 11 A. M. we were again on our way. passing
through Wingate and Waynetown and eating our noonday
lunch near the covered bridge over Turkey Run. Six- to
eight miles south of Waynetown a spermophile ran across the
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7
road ahead of us. Along Turkey Run near the covered bridge,
the dragonflies Hetaerina am eric ana and Argia apicalis were
common and one Libcllula luctuosa was seen. After our lunch
we visited the Shades, — a new and strange Indiana to a resi-
dent from the level portions of the northern part of the state
We crossed Otter Creek at the mill north of Terre Haute
about 6.45 P. M. and camped that night at Blue Hole, a wash-
out of the Wabash below the level, and a fine place, resembling
a large deep, abandoned gravel pit. Our cots were placed on
the bank just above the water, and with a good supper, a
good swim and clean pajamas life seemed really worth while.
In the morning about Blue Hole, we collected Lcstcs rec-
tangnlaris. Argia apicalis, Enallagma c.rsulans, Ischniira posita
and Libcllula hictuosa. About 9 A. M. we reached Middletown
(P. O., Prairie Creek), then south to Fairbanks, and then
south and west along levees and sloughs to Merom. . About
two miles west of Merom at a slough or bayou we took
Macromia taeniolata and Dromogom-phus spoliatns. From
Merom we went to Carlisle, then to Yincennes and from there
to Hazelton where we ferried White River and from there,
by way of Princeton, arrived at Evansville about 7.15 P. M.
That night we camped near Henderson Ferry, and in the morn-
ing, July 24th, ferried the Ohio River to Henderson, Kentucky.
Fives miles south of Henderson we saw our first mocking-
bird. Between Henderson and Madisonvilie. where we ar-
rived about noon, we saw no ponds or streams except a very
small creek two or three miles south of Henderson. Just
south of Madisonvilie is a large lake-like pond, evidently arti-
ficial. About its shores grewr large areas of Nelumbo in full
bloom, with the magnificent flowers forming great patches of
creamy white color. Sparganium was also abundant. We
collected here about an hour and the following dragonflies
were taken :
Lcstcs rectancjiilaris, Etia^lagmaci^ilc, Ischmtra i-crticalis, I. posita.
Anomalagrion hastatum, Ana-x jumus, Epkordulia princess, Pcritheniis
tcticra, Pachydiplax~tonyipcnniTr€tfithc)nis epomna, Libcllula pulchclla.
L. luctuosa, Plathcmis lydui, and Tramca la
Enroute from Madisonvilie to Hopkinsville we missed our wav
8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '23
and wandered over atrocious stair-step hill roads and soft mud
valley roads through Carbondale. St. Charles and Daniel Boone
to Mannington, where we found a splendid road from that
town to the fine little city of Hopkinsville. .South of Hopkins-
ville to Clarksville, Tennessee, the pike was badly worn and
the recent rains had left long pools of water covering the road
in many places. We arrived at Clarksville about 6.30 P. M.
and camped that night on the banks of a small creek about five
miles west of Thomasville. The feature of our supper was
coffee, prepared early that morning in Indiana, transported
across western Kentucky and taken hot from the thermos bottle
that evening in Tennessee.
In crossing western Kentucky, as mentioned above, we cross-
ed a very small stream two or three miles south of Henderson.
The next running water seen was a small river between Man-
nington and Hopkinsville, and about four miles north of Clarks-
ville we crossed Red River. No other streams were seen.
Some creek beds crossed were dry and sandy.
On the morning of July 25 we collected along the creek
near our camp of the night before. Calopteryx maculata was
very common and we found nothing else. About noon we
reached the old, familiar and always beautiful Sycamore Creek,
at Sycamore, and were soon renewing our acquaintanceship with
our old friends, the Jacksons, at whose home I had lived over
seventeen years before when collecting on Sycamore Creek.
Mr. Jackson kindly placed a log cabin situated in a grove of
magnificent white oaks at our disposal, and we hurried through
a belated noon lunch to again wade Sycamore Creek. Calop-
tcryx maculata and Hetaerina americana were abundant, and
;.he Argias, apicalis tibialis, scdula and mocsta were common.
A single male Hagcnins brevistylus, a single male Erpetogom-
phus designates and a single female Dromogom-phus spinosiis
A-ere seen — and all were captured.
July 26 we started in at the road bridge and followed down
the creek to below the ford. The day was hazy, cool and windy.
We were disappointed in finding no Erpetogomphus. During
the day we saw possibly twenty Dromogompkus spinosns at
ripples. Only two Hagcnins brevistylus were seen, and one of
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
these, a female, was captured while eating an adult female
Caloptcryx maculata. Caloptcry.r maculata, to judge from
its numbers in habitats frequented by cuckoos, vireos. several
'.pecies of flycatchers, and probably other insectivorous bird-,
must be immune from attacks by these possible enemies: But
its protective character, in the case of birds, seems ineffective
against larger s}>ecies in its own order.
It began raining about 11.30 P. M. and kept it up all night
and all day Saturday, July 27. During the day my left eye
became very sore and inflamed. Sunday we left Sycamore
and went to Nashville and called on Professor C. S. Brown
anC ramily at Yanderbilt University. In the afternoon f
visited an oculist and learned I had four corneal ulcers on
my left eye. The Browns most kindly took us into their home
and Monday and Tuesday were spent nursing the sore and
throbbing eye, over which, during the entire remainder of the
trip I was compelled to wear an eye patch, which prevented
my doing any effective collecting.
( I o be continued )
Two New Aberrant Basilarchias from Northeastern
United States (Lepid. : Nymphalidae).
By WARO NAKAHARA, New York City.
In the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for June, 1922, I have re-
ported on certain anomalies in wing markings of Basilarchia
astyanax Fab. (= = Limaiitis Ursula Goclt.), and expressed the
opinion that this butterfly and B. arthonis Drury are probably
two local races of a single species. If this be true, B. art he mis
f. proserpina Edw., once considered to be a hybrid between
B. arthemis and B. astyanax, must represent a real transition
from one to the other ; also, one of the two aberrant forms of
B. astyana.r I mentioned in my previous note should be of sig-
nificance as a further link -between the two so-called species.
For this reason I am persuaded to propose a name for that form
of B. astyanax, and to redescribe it. Availing myself of the
opportunity, I also commit to the record here an aberrant form
of B. misippus Fab. (-=Llmcnitls archippus Cr.), which I
happened to catch during the last season.
10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '23
Basilarchia astyanax ab. atlantis, nov. aberr.
Differs from the typical astyanax by the presence of a complete sub-
marginal series of fulvous spots on the upper side of hindwing, exactly
as in B. arthemis.
Length of body, 4/5 inch; expanse of wings, 2l/2 inches.
Holotypc: $, Elmhurst, Long Island, August 5, 1921 (W.
Nakahara). The specimen was found in company with nu-
merous examples of typical B. astyanax. Type in my collec-
tion.
As far as the wing markings are concerned, arthemis and
astyanax can be connected up by two principal types of inter-
mediate forms, namely, proserpina and atlantis, as follows :
arthemis : the white band, as well as the submarginal series
of fulvous spots on upper side of hind wing complete;
proserpina : the white band partly obsolete ; the fulvous
spots present ;
atlantis: the white band totally absent; the series of ful-
vous spots complete ;
astyanax : the white band as well as the fulvous spots ab-
sent.
Basilarchis misippus ab. cayuga, nov. aberr.
The narrow postdiscal black belt of hindwing, upper side, closely pre-
ceded by a more or less broken series of white crescents. The white
crescents larger on underside and form an interrupted belt, which is as
wide as the black one. The oblique black belt of fore wing, upper side,
extends down across the second interspace to join the black hind margin,
instead of stopping short and running into the outer border at the third
interspace. Otherwise same as the typical misippus.
Length of body, 4/5 inch ; expanse of wings, 2?4 inches.
Holotype : 9 , Ithaca, New York, August 6, 1922 (W. Na-
kahara). Paratopotype : $, August 10, 1922. Types in my.
collection.
Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke in China.
During the year 1923 Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke's address will be,
College of Agriculture, Nanking, China, where he will carry on some
of the work already started by Prof. Woodworth. He expects to do
some traveling as well in North China and Japan.
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS H
Pontedera's 1718 Paper on the Cicada (Homop.).
Introduction by HARRY B. WEISS and Translation by WILLIAM
HAMILTON KIRK, Ph.D., New Brunswick, New Jersey.
INTRODUCTION.
While engaged in writing a biographical sketch of the life
of Professor Benedict Jaeger, one of New Jersey's early
entomologists, Mr. W. T. Davis, called my attention to a state
ment made by Jaeger in his book The Life of North American
Insects (p. 101, ed, 1854) on the authority of Pontedera, that
some cicadas live two years in the immature condition. Jaeger
applied this to our species and this statement, more or less
modified but substantially the same, has appeared in American
text books on entomology issued as recently as 1921. Mr.
Davis says that as far as he is aware the only cicada life
cycle which is known is that of the 17-year one.
In an effort to trace Jaeger's statement to its source reference
was had to Pontedera's writings and the only cicada paper
which could be located was found to be incorporated in
Pontedera's "Compendium of Botanical Tables etc.," as a part;
of a letter to G. Sherard, occupying some seventeen pages at
the end of the book. Through the kindness of Dr. John Barn-
hart of the New York Botanical Garden, photographs were
taken of these pages and from the photographs the translation
of the original Latin has been made.
According to the biographical dictionaries consulted (Rose's
Biographical Dictionary vol. XI, p. 192, London 1853 ;
Biographic Generale, Didot Freres, vol. 4, p. 781) Pontedera,
a learned botanist and antiquarian, was born at Yicenza, May
7th, 1688, and died September 3, 1757. He studied medicine and
anatomy under the celebrated Morgagni at Padua where he
afterward succeeded Yiali in the botanical chair at the Univer-
sity of Padua. " It is also stated that he neglected the practice of
medicine and applied himself to the study of botany. Accord-
ing to Sachs' "History of Botany," Pontedera rejected the
idea of sexuality in plants and thought that the nectar pro-
duced by the flowers was absorbed by the seeds that they might
be longer preserved. He regarded the male (lower in dioecious
plants as a useless appendage.
12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ' [Jan., '23
In the translation which follows nothing definite can be found
concerning1 the length of time which the cicada spends in the
ground. However, as will be noted, Pontedera makes the
following statement,— "for neither in the year in which it is
born does it turn out a tettigometra, nor in that in which it
exists as a tettigometra does it become a Cicada." and this may
have been interpreted by . Jaeger as indicating a subterranean
period of two years regardless of the vague manner in which
Pontedera wrote. However in spite of the fact that the origin
of the "two year statement" is not to be definitely found in
Pontedera's writings, it was thought desirable to present the
translation of this hitherto inaccessible cicada paper in view
of Pontedera's other statements and so that it would be avail-
able to American students.
TRANSLATION.
[The complete title of the book is "A Compendium of
Botanical Tables by Giulio Pontedera, Philosopher and Physic-
ian, in which are enumerated two hundred and seventy-two
Plants lately discovered by him in Italy. With a letter of the
author to the distinguished William Sherard, Englishman, the
foremost of the Botanists of our age, discussing these Tables
and others to be published at another time. Padua. 1718," and
the translation of the part of the Sherard letter dealing with
the cicada follows:]
I have expounded to you briefly my opinion also regarding
the second Tables, to which I will add as a conclusion a little
work, which I have in hand, on the Cicada, in imitation of
Fabius Columna, a most eminent man, who added accounts of
some animals to his Plants. Furthermore, this little animal,
than which we find none more celebrated and illustrious in
the writings of ancient and modern Physicists, still lies, in this
light of Philosophy, wrapped in much darkness. For although
by fine discoveries the later age has shaken many opinions
which the ancients arrived at concerning other animals, in the
case of the Cicada there has not only been no progress, but even
statements that were not altogether improbable have been made
more obscure and uncertain. The cause of this, if you want
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13
to know, was the Cicada itself; first the fact that thev never
caught it in the act of hollowing out its nest and depositing
eggs ; for as soon as anyone approaches it flies away he fore
it can be seen; then in dissecting it not only is there great
difficulty, but a previous knowledge of its nature is required ;
for my part I did not hit upon the real use of its parts, al-
though I had dissected innumerable specimens, until I had
studied the habits of the Cicaclae in the fields. Besides most
people are averse to this laborious method of study ; not know-
ing that only those can grasp the nature of the Cicada who
have followed it assiduously while it, as Hesiod says,
"All day from early morning on pours forth its song
In the fiercest heat, when Sirius parches the skin."
But all this was made easy to me by my investigation of
Plants. Wherefore I intend to undertake a complete history
of the Cicada ; for the present, since I have found that you
take pleasure in matters of this kind, I will let you have this
brief description.
And first I will divide the Cicadae into two genera as Aristotle
did, History of Animals, Book V, ch. XXV; "Of cicadae
(tettiges) there are two genera; the small which appear first
and die last ; and the large, those that sing, which are born later
and die earlier ;" whom Ulysses Aldrovandus followed in his
fifth book, entitled "On Insects." I too knowing no others,
will divide them into greater and less; and first I will notice
the greater, which the Philosopher calls achetae; then I will
speak of the smaller, called tcttigoniac; and will use these names.
Of the greater there are two forms namely male and female ;
of the lesser, the same number. In both genera only the male^.
chirp, the females being mute; since they are destitute of
musical organs. But what Aristotle said of the male tcttigoniac
"those which have the division sing somewhat," I have found
not to be true ; for these tettigoniae sing just as much and are
achctac except for the difference in size. But what the organs
are, with which the Cicadae make their noise, has not been made
clear by our authorities. Some assert that the song of the
Cicadae is made by the motion of their wing, the air struck
by this communicating to our senses the vibrations and tremors ;
14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '23
one saying "From its wings it pours a clear song ;" another,
"the Cicada sending forth its song by rubbing itself under the
wings." This is the general opinion, people being deceived by
the likeness to the Grylli and to some Locusts. I have heard
others affirm that the Cicadae make the sound ti-ti by the
lowest part of the belly approching the breast and retreating
from it with varying rapidity. But all those who have studied
the formation of the Cicadae with more care refer these trill-
ings to the membrane which the males in both classes possess.
Aristotle, from whom others have borrowed, says in Hist. Anim.
Bk. TV. ch. VII : "Those which are called achetac are divided
at the waist and have a visible membrane : but the tcttigonla
have not;" and in ch. IX: "Some (insects) are said to sing,
as the Cicadae; all which make the sound by means of the
membrane, which is stretched at the incision of the waist, as
the Cicada, by the friction of the respiration." And in Bk. V.
ch. XXV, "those which sing, whether they are of the class of
the larger or of the smaller, have an incision at the waist ; but
those in which that part is unbroken do not sing." This is
about all that Aristotle has written about this organ ; from which
I will show that he was ignorant of the true instrument of the
sound ; first because he affirms that there is one membrane ; for
in each Cicada there are two, one on each side ; then because
he calls this "apparent" and (in Scaliger's interpretation) "such
that it can be seen." Which is not at all the case ; for in the
achetac (of whom he is chiefly thinking, since he hardly admits
the tetticjoniae among the singing Cicadae. as I have indicated
above) these membranes are covered with scales and are not
visible unless you remove the scales; only in the tcttif/onmc
are they uncovered. Finally as to the fact that he places this
membrane under the part between the thorax and abdomen
and allows it to other insects, for I have always found it, or
rather them, in the thorax and only in the Cicadae. But what
Aristotle understands by this membrane. I will show by repre-
sentations ; meanwhile I will put here for your benefit, the
description of Ulysses Aldrovandus. "For" (says he, in Bk. II
On Insects, ch. XIII, On the Cicada) "I have found from a
careful inspection of both sexes that all the males have a mem-
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15
brane outside" (note outside) "in the neighborhood of the
waist, split in the middle: the form of which corresponds to
the fruit of Thlaspns parvus Hieracifolius depicted by Lo
belius ; and that the females lack this membrane ; this is known
to the peasants, who also all affirm that the Cicadae lacking1
such a membrane are silent ; but that those which have it sing."
John Tonston, Bk. I, ch. V, On Insects, repeats this but more
plainly: "This" he says "is to be ascribed to the reverberation
of the membrane under the flabellae (so they call the coverings
adhering to the belly behind the hindmost legs)." But this
membrane of which they speak has nothing to do with the
chirping ; for, when it is pierced, the Cicada still chirps ; but
when those I mean are lacerated it becomes mute. This is the
opinion as to the song of the Cicadae, shared by all others,
whether Philosophers or Poets as Aelian, de Animalibus Bk. I ;
"the Cicadae are most talkative at the waist." He is followed
by Phile in his Book on the properties of Animals who says,
"The bridge (constriction) of the waist makes the males of
the race of Cicadae song-loving." Also Joachim Camerarius
(to name one of our learned men also) in the book, which be-
gins "on Cicadae," speaks thus ; "A thin membrane is the organ
of song." I shall take care to have these membranes carefully
delineated in the Tables, and shall call them drums, not only
from a certain resemblance of the parts, but also from the
not different use ; for as the spirits of soldiers are fired to
fight more boldly by those warlike instruments, so the Cicadae,
when "The places are excited and swell with seed, and the
inclination arises to emit the seed towards that to which the
fell desire all tends" (Lucretius, IV, 1045. 1046), conceive
greater madness from these concussions, and rage more greedily
for sexual intercourse. And the females, which lack these or-
gans, are solicited by the song of the males to come to inter-
course with no less alacrity, and are also carried away by the
internal madness, by which the genital parts are stimulated.
For I think that this organ was created in the Cicadae for no
other purpose, than that there might be a fixed signal for their
coming together for the act of generation. In other animals
nature, which is intent chiefly on this end, has placed something1
16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '23
not dissimilar. The males of the Grylli and of some Locusts
invite the females by making a noise with theiV wings, the
Bombyces also enter into intercourse with a clapping of their
wings : but more remarkable is what I noticed not long ago
in the Cicindelae. They are brought together not by song or
rubbing of the wings, but by the vibration of light. It was
by mere chance that I observed this ; for when I was collecting
the females at night, and, placing them in the hollow of my
hand, was inspecting their bright part, a male attracted by
their light flew up, and gave the desired embraces (Virgil,
Aeneid, VIII. 405), and when he was removed, others came.
In short, it often happened to me to have this experience.
And there is a reason for it ; for since the females lack wings
and therefore belong to the earth, and the males are winged
and wander through the air, they would not be so easilv called
to intercourse, if a signal were not given on both sides. Where-
fore a light was invented by the wonderful artificery of nature,
than which nothing could be perceived at a greater distance
or more clearly by the little animals of the night. Perhaps
the same nature belongs to the Indian Cucujus, which can
in a wav he put in the class of the Cicindelae ; for weighty
authors testify that it glows at night. But I see that natural
historians are not agreed as to why the Cucuji come to the
torch, when it is displayed. Peter Martyr has this to say
about the nature of the Cucujus : "A man who wants Cucuji
goes out at twilight, in his hands he carries a lighted brand,
he ascends a near height, from which he can be seen by the
Cucuji ; calling the Cucujus in loud tones, he whirls the brand
around, crying 'Cucujus, Cucujus.' Some simple people
think that the Cucuji fly up delighted at his shouting, for they
come in haste," etc. I suspect that they come to the light in
the way in which the Cicindelae are called to the Cicindelae.
And let this have been said by the way concerning the uses,
which I think the song of the Cicadae serves, and I could
show something not dissimilar in birds, in animals, which
are called perfect, and also in snakes, which for the same rea-
son nature has implanted in all these, but enough of this.
(To be continued)
XXXJV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 17
Undescribed Species of Eriocera and Penthoptera
from Tropical America (Tipulidae, Diptera).
By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Amherst, Massachusetts.
The new species described in this paper were collected by
E. B. and J. H. Williamson- and \Y. H. Ditzler, in Venezuela,
and by J. H. Williamson in Peru. Through the kindness of
the collectors, the author has been permitted to retain the types
in his collection.
Eriocera longipennis sp. n.
Antennae short in both sexes; general coloration reddish fulvous;
wings long and narrow, brown ; stigma very small ; abdomen and legs
dark brown.
c?.— Length 9.5 mm.; wing 15.5 mm. Rostrum brown, the palpi dark
brown. Antennae short, dark brown. Head fulvous, the anterior part
of the vertex more suffused with brown.
Mesonotum reddish fulvous, the praescutum with a narrow and indis-
tinct brown line. Pleura brownish fulvous, the dorso-pleural membrane
dark brown. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem paler. Legs
with the coxae and trochanters testaceous ; remainder of the legs black,
the bases of the femora paler. Wings long and narrow, strongly tinged
with brown; stigma very small, faintly indicated, dark brown; veins
dark brown. Venation : Sc extending a short distance beyond the fork
of Rs, Sc2 about opposite the fork of Rs : Rs very long, much longer
than R4-\- 5 ; basal deflection of the latter very short ; cell Ml lacking ;
veins issuing from cell 1st .1/2 long and slender ; basal deflection of Cul
just beyond the fork of M ; Cn2 a little shorter than the basal deflection
of Cul ; cell 2nd A very narrow ; anal angle lacking.
Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium a little brighter.
Habitat. — Venezuela. Holotype, $ , Macuto, January 29,
1920 (Williamson).
It is possible that Eriocera longipennis may more properly be
considered a species of Penthoptera.
Eriocera dimidiata sp. n.
Antennae short in both sexes ; general coloration black, the mesonotal
scutellum and postnotum reddish; pleura reddish, marked with black;
wings with a strong brownish suffusion.
$. — Length 10 mm.; wing 13 mm. 9. — Length 12 mm.; wing 11.6
mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae short in both sexes, black.
Head brownish black, the occiput more brownish ; vertical tubercle very
conspicuous, each lateral angle produced into a conical knob.
18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [}&"•, '23
Mesonotal praescutum and scutum black, the scutellum and postnotum
abruptly reddish. Pleura reddish, the dorso-pleural membrane and a
spot on the mesepisternum dark brown. Halteres dark brown. Legs
entirely black, including the coxae. Wings with a strong brown suffu-
sion, darkest in the costal and subcostal cells ; basal and anal cells slightly
paler medially ; veins dark brown. Venation : Cell Ml lacking ; cell 1st
M2 irregularly pentagonal ; basal deflection of Cul beyond the fork of
M, longer than Cu2.
Abdomen black.
Habitat. — Venezuela. Holotype, $ , Tachira, Tachira, April
8, 1920 (J. H. and E. B. Williamson and W. H. Ditzler).
Allot opoty pc, 9, April 11, 1920. Paratopotypc,- $, April 4,
1920.
The paratype is in the collection of the University of
Michigan.
Er'o^era perenensis sp. n.
General coloration yellow ; mesonotal praescutum with four conspic-
uous dark brown stripes; a conspicuous basal pit on mesonotal postnotum;
wings faintly tinged with brown, the stigma only faintly darker ;
abdomen with a broad black subterminal ring.
$. — Length 15 mm.; wing 13.3 mm. Rostrum brown; palpi black.
Antennae short ; scape obscure yellow ; remainder of antennae brownish
black, the base of the first flagellar segment pale. Head obscure yellow ;
vertical tubercle inconspicuous, dorsally with two rows of black setae ; a
small shiny cicatrice on antero-lateral portion of tubercle.
Pronotum brown, blackened laterally. Mesonotal praescutum with
four conspicuous, dark brown stripes, the median pair but narrowly
separated ; scutum yellow, the lobes largely dark brown ; scutellum
testaceous medially, dark laterally ; postnotum obscure yellow, darker
posteriorly ; on either side between the median and lateral sclerites at
base a large, conspicuous, circular pit. Pleura yellow, the dorso-pleural
region narrowly dark brown. Halteres dark brown, the base of the
stem conspicuously yellow. Legs with the coxae pale, the base narrowly
and indistinctly darkened; trochanters obscure yellow; femora brownish
yellow, the bases clearer, the apices darker brown ; tibiae and tarsi dark
brown.
Wings faintly tinged with brown ; stigma and broad seams along the
longitudinal veins indistinctly darker ; veins dark brown. Venation :
Sc2 close to tip of Scl, the latter a little the longer; r on R2 less than
its length beyond the fork and on 7\1 about three to four times its length
from the tip, R\ being bent strongly caudad at r; deflection of 7^4+5
subequal to r-m; cell 1st M2 a little narrowed distally, m less than
one-half the outer deflection of M3 ; cell Ml lacking ; basal deflection
of Cul just beyond the fork of M, Cu2 and the deflection of Cul sub-
equal.
XXXlV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 19
Abdomen with the first tergite brown basally ; remainder of the
abdomen yellow except a broad black subterminal ring which includes all
of segments six and seven, and all of five except the narrow base.
Habitat.- — Peru. Holotype, $ , Colonia del Perene, Cam-
pamiento, June 5, 1920 (J. H. Williamson ) .
Eriocera pcrcncnsis is related to E. coruic/cra Alexander, dif-
fering in the lack of slender curved horns on the vertical tuber-
cle and the details of coloration.
Eriocera williamsoni sp. n.
General coloration dark brown, the ventral sclerites of the thorax and
abdomen yellow ; legs black ; wings with a pale brown tinge, the stigma
and indistinct seams along the cord pale brown ; Sc comparatively short,
Scl ending just beyond the fork of Rs; cell .Ul lacking: cell Isf M2
very long and narrow.
$ . — Length 9.8 mm. ; wing 9.7 mm. Rostrum and palpi brownish
black. Antennae with the first scapal segment brownish black ; second
segment brown; flagellum broken. Head blackish, gray pruinose; verti-
cal tubercle inconspicuous.
. Mesonotum dark velvety brown, the praescutal stripes a trifle paler
than the ground-color, the broad median stripe split by a capillary dark
line. Dorsal pleurites dark brown, including the lateral sclerite of the
postnotum ; ventral pleurites and sternites yellow. Halteres relatively
long and slender, the base broadly dark brown, the distal half of the
stem paler brown; knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxae and tro-
chanters obscure brownish yellow; remainder of the legs black, the
femoral bases very little paler.
Wings with a pale brown tinge, more suffused in cells C and Sc and
at the wing-tip ; stigma and indistinct seams along the cord and outer
end of cell 1st .1/2 slightly darker brown. Venation: Rs only a little
longer than R; Sc comparatively short, Scl ending just beyond the fork
of Rs, Sc2 a short distance before the fork ; ;• on R2 about one and
one-half times its length beyond the fork and on /?! about two and one-
half times its length from the tip; R2 more than twice 7?2+3; deflec-
tion of 7?4+5 shorter than r-ni ; cell 1st M2 very long and narrow, rec-
tangular, longer than any of the veins beyond it; cell Ml lacking; basal
deflection of Cn\ at about two-fifths its length beyond the fork of M,
longer than Cu2 alone.
Abdominal tergites dark brownish black, the base of tergite two paler :
sternites obscure brownish yellow.
Habitat. — Peru. Holotype. $ , Colonia del Perene, Cani-
pamiento, June 6. 1920 (J. H. Williamson).
This interesting species is named in honor of the collector,
Mr. Jesse H. Williamson, to whom I am indebted for several
20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '23
interesting Neotropical Tipulidae. The fly much resembles a
Penthoptera and it is probable that the two genera will need to
be united, a course already followed by Mr. Edwards.
Penthoptera candidipes sp. n.
Mesonotum reddish brown, unmarked ; pleura yellow with a broad
brownish, dorsal, longitudinal stripe ; legs brown, the tarsi white ; on
the posterior legs, the metatarsi entirely white ; wings with a yellowish
tinge : distal section of R\ about three times r ; r-m connecting with Rs
at its tip, obliterating the basal deflection of /\4+5.
9. — Length 10.5 mm.; wing 10.3 mm. Rostrum and palpi brown.
Antennal scape yellow, flagellum dark brown. Head dark brown,
sparsely gray pruinose.
Mesonotal praescutum reddish brown, without stripes, the extreme
lateral margin narrowly yellowish ; remainder of the mesonotum reddish
brown, the postnotum more plumbeous. Pleura yellowish, the dorsal
sclerites with a broad brownish longitudinal stripe. Halteres dark
brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters obscure yellow ; remainder
of the legs dark brown, the femoral bases indistinctly paler ; terminal
tarsal segments snowy white, on the fore and middle legs the white
includes a little more than the distal half of the metatarsi ; on the hind
legs the metatarsi are entirely white ; fore metatarsi much longer
than the posterior metatarsi ; fore metatarsi about three and one-half
times the remaining tarsal segments ; posterior metatarsi less than twice
the remaining tarsal segments ; inner apical angles of the tarsal seg-
ments slightly produced and armed with bristles, those of the metatarsi
stronger than the others.
Wings with a yellowish tinge ; stigma lacking ; wing-tip indistinctly
darkened ; veins dark brown. Venation : Scl ending about opposite one-
third the length of R2+3, Sc2 some distance from the tip of Scl, the
latter alone being longer than r-m; Rs long, strongly arcuated at origin;
r on R2 a little more than its length beyond the fork of R2+3; distal
section of Rl about three times r; deflection of 7^4+5 lacking, r-m con-
necting directly with the end of Rs; cell 1st M2 elongate-rectangular, a
little shorter than vein Ml+2 beyond it; cell Ml lacking; basal deflec-
tion of Cul a little more than one-half its length beyond the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown ; sternites obscure yellow. Ovipositor
with the basal shield obscure yellow ; tergal valves reddish horn color,
acicular.
Habitat. — Venezuela. Holotypc, ? , Tachira, Tachira, April
9, 1920 (J. H.'and E. B. Williamson and W. H. Ditzler).
The only close ally of the present species is Penthoptera
batesi Alexander of the Upper Amazons. The present species
is readily told by the diagnostic characters as given above.
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21
Hemipterological Notices. — III.
(Miridae, LygaeidaeJ1
By H. M. PARSHLEY, Northampton. Massachusetts.
Dicyphus gracilentus sp. nov.
General coloration pale yellow, marked with brown and black, polished.
Head black, marked at base with a yellow area slightly wider than
distance between eyes and extending from the postocular transverse
impression posteriorly beneath pronotal collar. Pronotum yellow, with
large pleural black areas barely visible from above ; translucent, the
inferior dark coloration showing through to some extent ; scutellum
black, opaque, with two very small triangular yellow spots at basal
angles of apical lobe. Hemelytra pale yellowish, nearly opaque, marked
with reddish brown ; clavus reddish brown with pale streaks along vein
and on basal half of commissure, and a faint pale dot at apex ; corium
with vague reddish areas inwardly on disc and two dark brown spots at
apex ; cuneus pale yellow, with a brown spot at apex ; membrane
largely brown, paler at sides. Antennae black, the basal segment variably
paler except toward apex. Rostrum pale yellow, dark at apex. Legs
pale yellow, the femora inconspicuously dotted, the tarsi black apically.
Ventral surface polished ; thorax black except prosternum and area of
scent gland ; abdomen yellow, with variable dark markings often con-
fined to genital segments.
Head slightly wider than long (30-25), the vertex prominently
s\vollen anteriorly, the eyes decidedly prominent and large ; viewed from
above the distance between eyes is about equal to the width of one eye,
and length of eye much greater than width (15-10) ; sides of head
behind eyes moderately convergent, the postocular distance much less
than distance between eyes. Antennae about twice as long as head, pro-
notum, and scutellum together ; first segment twice as long as distance
between eyes; proportions of segments: 1st, 20; 2nd, 56; 3rd, 46; 4th,
20. Rostrum extending between posterior coxae, the first segment some-
what beyond posterior margin of eyes. Pronotum twice as broad at
base as long on median line ; apical stricture and transverse depression
very deep and distinct, strongly curved, concentric ; the anterior lobe
strongly convex; posterior lobe shorter than anterior with collar (5-7),
very obsoletely and sparsely punctate. Scutellum about as broad as
long, not carinate, the anterior lobe shorter than the posterior (12-17).
Hemelytra very obsoletely punctate, a little more than three times as
long as wide (85-27), slightly broadened at middle in both sexes; apex
of cuneus extending well beyond apex of abdomen in both sexes. Head,
pronotum, and scutellum with a few sparse setae ; hcmelytra with very
fine and sparse pale pubescence; femora and tibiae minutely spinulose.
Apical segments of male abdomen slightly enlarged, the claspers very
small.
Length 4.5-5 mm.
'Contributions from the Department <>i" Zoology, Smith College, No. 90.
22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '23
Holotypc $ and allotype : Urbana, Illinois, 14 July, 1922
(P. A. Click) in my collection. Paralyses $ 9 : numerous
specimens with sam'e data, and, from the same locality : 8 July,
1887 (C. A. Hart) ; 2 July, 26 September, 1921 (A. O. Weese)
in collections of H. H. Knight, P. A. Click, A. O. Weese, etc.
This species seems most closely related to D. famcliciis
Uhler, from which it is readily distinguished by coloration, less
exserted head, slightly broader form, etc. In a gilts Uhler the
pronotal groove is scarcely developed and the first antennal
segment is shorter. Mr. Click, who intends to figure the insect
in his forthcoming work on insects affecting weeds, found it in
great abundance on Polymnia canadcnsis Linn., the leafcup.
Dr. H. H. Knight independently established the novelty of this
form from the Hart material mentioned above among the para-
types.
I take this opportunity of recording the second locality for
Dicyphns notatns, which I recently described from South
Dakota ; Knight has sent me two specimens collected by C. A.
Hart, labeled respectively, Fountain Bluff, Illinois, 8 July, 1887
and Urbana, Illinois, 18 March, 1888.
NEW RECORDS OF LYGAEIDAE.
Orthaea fracticollis Schilling. Montreal, Quebec, 1(> May, 1915 (J.
I. Beaulne).
Orthaea lurida Hahn. Montreal, Quebec, 17 May, 1915 (J. I.
Beaulne).
These European species, now recorded for the first time
from North America, are described and figured (under the
genus Plociomcrus, later corrected to Pamera) in Saunders'
"Hemiptera Heteroptera of the British Islands." My friend
H. G. Barber was the first to detect fracticollis, and he has con-
firmed my determination of lurida. The following key will aid
in distinguishing these species from one another and from their
only congener found in the northeastern .states.
1. Pronotum moderately constricted slightly behind middle, the sides of
the anterior lobe but slightly curved, convergent ; length 4.7-5
mm Orthaea fracticollis Schilling.
Pronotum strongly and sharply constricted well behind middle, the
sides of the anterior lobe strongly curved 2
2. Anterior lobe o>f pronotum transverse, widest at middle, with fine
erect pubescence ; scutellum black or brown ; pale markings of
dorsal surface indistinct; length 4.5 mm Orthaea lurida Hahn.
Anterior lobe of pronotum more elongate, widest behind middle, with
sparse decumbent pubescence ; scutellum bicolored ; pale markings
very distinct ; length 4-4.5 mm Orthaea basalis Dallas.
, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23
Immunity to Parasitism in Samia cecropia Linn.
(Lep. : Saturniidae ; Dip. : Tachinidae.)
By L. S. WEST, Instructor in Parasitology, Dept. of Ento-
mology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
The possession of immunity on the part of certain hosts to
parasitic invasion is a recognized fact, hut our knowledge of
this wliole suhject is so meagre, that any illustration of the
phenomenon is worthy of note. The following striking exam-
ple in our common Cecropia moth, came under the observation
of the writer, who is conducting investigations on the life-
habits of "Tachinidae" (Diptera), and who has in progress a
systematic revision of this group of parasitic flies, as occurring
in the State of New York.
On August 1, 1921, there was brought into this laboratory
by a student, a fully grown Cecropia larva, bearing along its
back and sides thirty-five or forty white, "macrotype" Tachinid
eggs. Examination revealed the fact that the eggs had already
hatched, and a tiny puncture in the integument of the host near
each egg indicated the point where the little maggot had gained
entrance. The caterpillar was accordingly confined in a suit-
able rearing cage and kept supplied with food until August 5,
1921, when pupation took place. It was of course supposed
that a rearing record would be secured, and the cage and con-
tents were placed outdoors and kept under observation during
the wrinter.*
On June 25, 1922, no parasites had emerged and it was con-
sidered probable that severe weather conditions had destroyed
them. On July 14 however, the writer was exceedingly aston-
ished to find a normal female Cecropia, emerged from the
cocoon. She was dead, but a considerable mass of eggs testified
that she had lived long enough for oviposition. Dr. W. T. M.
*A few of the recorded parasites of Samia cecropia might be men-
tioned. Hymenoptera : Ophion macrurum Linn., Opinion bilineatus Say,
Bracon flavator Fabr., Cryptus extrematis Cr., Cryptus nuncius Say,
Diglochis omnivorus Walk., Spilochalcis mariae Riley, Theronia ful-
vescens Cr. Diptera : Frontina f renchii Will., and Winthemia quadri-
pustulata Fabr. Both these flics are parasitic on a great variety of
hosts.
24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '23
Forbes, of this laboratory, specialist in Lepidoptera, examined
the specimen and asserted that the moth had apparently laid a
full complement of eggs and had died of old age. The eggs
were shrunken in the manner characteristic of Cecropia eggs
that have not been fertilized.
Careful dissection and examination of the cocoon revealed no
evidences of parasitic invasion beyond the old hatched eggs,
which were still to be seen, attached to the remains of the last
larval skin. The interim of five days between observation of
parasitism and the spinning of the cocoon would seem to
exclude all possibility of the parasites being "molted" at the
time of pupation, hence the possession of "complete immunity"
in this case must perforce be acknowledged. But when we con-
sider the tremendous power of resistance, necessary, on the
part of the host, to destroy and absorb such a large number of
parasites, and then to mature normally, as though nothing of a
disturbing nature had taken place, the phenomenon acquires
added significance.
The question first arises as to whether we have illustrated a
case of "specific immunity" or, more remarkable still, of "indi-
vidual immunity." That is to say, would another Cecropia
moth have been able to resist this particular parasite in the
same way, or was this particular individual immune, just as
individuals among us are immune to the invasion of certain
disease organisms ? In the absence of conclusive evidence, and
in consideration of the complete failure of the parasites to
mature, we are forced to take the former view, as the more
conservative, but the other possibility is worthy of considera-
tion, and the accumulation of a certain amount of careful data,
in connection with several rearing records, might go far toward
clearing up this particular question.
Also, in touching upon the problems of immunity, we find
ourselves confronting the old question, as to just how immunity
reactions take place. Is the resistant action phagocytic or are
there toxins produced which act as destructive agents ? This
is a problem affecting workers in fields far beyond the realm of
Entomology, but the writer, who is keenly interested in this
subject, is of the opinion that insect parasites and their hosts
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 25
furnish excellent material for the solution of this very problem.
Some work of this type has already been done,* but the prob-
lem, as everyone knows, is an open one. Who can •viy but that
one phase of Entomology may be thus brought to serve work-
ers in other fields of scientific endeavor?
Scarites subterraneus Fabr., an Interesting Malformation
(Col.: Carabidae).
There is in the New York State collection of insects a specimen oi
this beetle having two nearly equally developed and almost normal pro-
thoracic segments, each with normal or nearly normal prothoracic leg.-..
The anterior prothoracic segment is a little narrower, a little shorter,
and inserted somewhat like the head usually is in the presumably normal
segment. The mesothoracic legs are represented only by normal coxae
and slightly modified trochanters, the remaining segments having dis-
appeared. The specimen, therefore, has the normal six legs, though it
is what might be characterized as an unusually "chesty" individiv.il with
its two pairs of prothoracic legs. — E. P. FELT, Albany, New York.
Additions to the Collections of Insects at Iowa State College.
Dear Doctor SKINNER: It may interest you to know that the be>t
part of my collection of Mexican Lepidoptera is now at the State
College, at Ames, Iowa, and is known as the "Dr. Skinner Collection."
This is out of courtesy to you for the work done in identifying and
naming most of the rarer specimens.
Enclosed you will also find a clipping from a local paper that will
interest collectors. I have never seen tin's collection so do not know
just what it is but presume it is good. — M. E. HOAG, YYapello, Iowa.
Ames, Nov. 3 — A collection of 17,000 butterflies from all parts of the
world has been added to the entomological collection at Iowa State
College, according to an announcement made by Dr. C. J. Drake,
head of that department.
This collection, which was made up by J. S. Faaborg, of Clinton,
includes 8,000 different varieties of butterflies.
Mr. Faaborg began his collection of insects while be was a school
teacher in Denmark, nearly fiftv years ago, and has continued it along
with his other business. In disposing of the collection to the college
at small price, scarcely enough to pay for the cases containing the
collection, he desired to place his life work where it would be of use
to the public and receive good care. (. \Yrada f/n:cv/] liz\'iiin time it is thought that this group may be repre-
sented or that a third species of giant Papilios exists, similar to the
(intiniiicliiis and zalm-oxis, or even perhaps a hybrid between the two.
There is, for instance, an authenticated report of such an insect having
been seen in Liberia which rather bears out my own experience when
crossing the higher Lindi River in the Stanleyville district of the Bel-
gian Congo. I was on my way to Stanleyville from a place named Irumu,
near Lake Albert, and having arrived at the Lindi River, which at
this point is a good two hundred yards wide, I was crossing it in a
canoe when from the opposite bank came flying towards me a large
insect of the antiniachus type but of heavier build and flight. It circled
over the water and round and above the canoe, where I got a good
look at it. The hind wings appeared to me to be a rich brown, spotted
and barred with black at the edges, the fore wings having each a broad
transverse bar across them of a vivid blue-green on a ground color
of black. The insect eventually flew away over the trees, and although
I waited there for the rest of the day it never returned. Some five or
six miles farther on, and in the forest, I thought I saw a similar insect,
but I could not be sure that this was not a zalino-vis.
I put down this record for what it is worth, as the insect may subse-
quently be captured by some lucky individual. I have of course' been
asked why I did not stay a week or a month on the spot and attempt
to capture so great a prize; the answer is that at that time (not long
after the signing of the Treaty of Peace) passages to England were
exceedingly difficult to obtain, and having booked and paid for two
berths (for myself and my wife) on a homeward bound steamer six
months in advance, I was unable to give the time necessary for the
purpose without losing our passages. As a matter of fact, I reached
my port of embarkation with only two days to spare.
T. ALEXANDER BARNS.
Mr. Barns is once again in Africa in quest of this rare insect, but
at the time of writing no specimens have been seen. Confirmation of
the existence of this butterfly has been supplied by my friend, Monsieur
F. Le Cerf, of the Paris Museum.
A certain Sergeant Monceaux (now Captain), when employed on the
Franco-l.iberian Boundary Commission for the delimitation of the
frontier between Liberia and French Guinea, made a collection of over
4,000 Lepidoptera which he brought to the Paris Museum. He stated
as having seen in the region of the Upper Sasandra River a large
butterfly drinking at a pool of water on the road. It closed and opened
its wings alternately, and the observer was able to get fairly close to
60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '23
it before it flew away. The sergeant stated that the wings of this
butterfly were very long and for the greater part of a brilliant blue
color.
Monsieur Le Cerf showed Sergeant Monceaux several species in the
museum, including P. zalmoxis, but he recognized none of them as
being the insect he had seen. The sergeant pulled out some other
drawers and seeing P. antimachus, exclaimed : "C'est comme cette
espece la, mais avec beaucoup de bleu brilliant et encore plus grand."
(It is like that species there, but with a lot of bright blue and still
larger.)
This butterfly has been observed also> on two occasions in Nigeria.
— G. TALBOT.
(Copied from "Wonderland of the Eastern Congo," pages 253-254 and
267; author, T. Alexander Barns, F. R. G. S., F. Z. S., F. E. S.
G. P. Putnam's Sons, London and New York.)
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.
The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Einto-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 9 — The Entomolo-
gist, London. 24 — Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France,
Paris. 52 — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic. 68 — Science, Garrison
on the Hudson, N. Y. 69 — Comptes Rendus des seances de
1'Academie des Sciences, Paris. 70 — Journal of Morphology, Phila-
delphia. 72) — The Annals of Applied Biology, London. 76 — Nature,
London. 100 — Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Labora-
tory, Woods Hole, Mass. Ill — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin.
GENERAL. Bedel, Louis — Notice necrologique sur. . . 24, xci,
165-89. Gillett, F. — Light trap experiments in connection with tem-
peratures, etc. 9, Iv, 274-7. Index generales — Annuaire general des
universites . . . Public sous la direction de R. de Montessus de
Ballore. Paris, 1921, 1845 pp. Parshley, H. M.— On the formation
of family names like Tingidae. 68, Ivi, 754-5.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 61
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Bowen, R. H.— Studies on
insect spermatogenesis. 70, xxxvii, 79-194. Notes on the occurrence
of abnormal mitoses in spermatogenesis. 100, xliii, 184-202. Brocher,
F. — Etude experimentale sur le fonctionnement du vaisseau dorsal
et sur le circulation du sang chez les insectes. V. 24, xci, 156-64.
Bugnion, E. — Les organes lumineux du ver luisant provencal
(Phausis delarouzeei). (Festschr. fur Zschokke. N. 33. Basel).
Crozier, W. J. — "Reversal of inhibition" by atropine in caterpillars.
100, xliii, 239-45. Desoil et Delhaye— Essais d'infestation experi-
mentale du tube digestif par oeufs et larves de Calliphora vomitoria.
69, Ixxxvii, 1303-5. Mallock, A. — -Divided composite eyes. 76, ex,
770-1. Metz, C. W. — Chromosome studies on the Diptera. IV. In-
complete synapsis of chromosomes in Dasyllis grossa. 100, xliii,
253-66. Association of homologous chromosomes in tetraploid cells
of Diptera. 100, xliii, 369-73.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Gudger, E. W.— Spiders
as fishermen. (Nat. Hist., New York, xxii, 565-8).
ORTHOPTERA. Giglio-Tos, E.— Genera insectorum. Ease. 177.
Mantidae, subf. Eremiaphilinae.
HEMIPTERA. Altson, A. M. — On the young larvae of Lyctus
brunneus. 72, ix, 187-96. Barber & Weiss — The lace bugs of New
Jersey. (Circ. 54, New Jersey Dept. Agr. Bur. Sta. & InspJ.
Schmidt, E. — Beitrage zur kenntnis aussereuropaischer zikaden.
(Homoptera). Ill, 1922, A, 11, 262-6.
LEPIDOPTERA. Meyrick, E. — Exotic microlepidoptera. Vol.
II, p. 545-608. [many Neotropical species described.]. Mousley, H.—
Further notes on the Rhopalocera of Hatley, Stanstead Co., Quebec,
1921-22. (Can Field-Nat., xxxvi, 141-2.) Seitz, A.— The Macro-
lepidoptera of the World. Fauna indoaustralica. No. 118. Fauna
americana. Part. 111-12.
Benjamin, F. H. — Notes on Exyra semicrocea and form hubbar-
diana. 4, liv, 220-1. McDunnough, J. — Some apparently undescribed
Noctuidae. 4, liv, 236-8.
DIPTERA. Feuerborn, H. J. — Das hypopygium "inversum" und
"circumversum" der dipteren. 52, Iv, 189-212. Smith, K. M.— A
study of the life-history of the onion fly (Hylemyia antiqua). 72,
ix, 177-83. Surcouf, J.— Genera insectorum. Fasc. 175. Tabanidae.
Wesenberg-Lund, C. — The pupal stage of the mosquitoes. (Festsch.
z. Feier d. 60 Geburts von Zschokke, Basel, 1921, N. 23).
McDunnough, J. — Two new Canadian Tabanidae. 4, liv, 238-40.
COLEOPTERA. Boppe, P. — Genera insectorum Fac. 178.
Cerambycidae, subf. Disteniinae-Lepturinae. Chatanay, J. — Genera
62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '23
insectorum. Fasc. 176. Tenebrionidae, subf. Zophosinae. Chirten-
den, F. H. — The cocklebur billbug. 4, liv, 217-20. Fenyes, A. — Gen-
era insectorum. Fasc. 173c, Staphylinidae, subf. Aleocharinae, p.
415-53. Roberts, A. W. R. — On the life history of "wireworms" of
the genus Agriotes, with some notes on that of Athous haemorrhoi-
dalis. 72, ix, 306-24.
HYMENOPTERA. Emery, C.— Genera insectorum. Fac. I74b.
Formicidae, subf. Myrmicinae, p. 95-206. Garlick, W. G. — Concern-
ing the feeding habits of the purslane sawfly larva. 4, liv, 240.
Mayor, A. G. — The tracking instinct in a tortugas ant. (Carnegie
Inst. Wash., Pub. No. 312, p. 103-7.).
Doings of Societies.
Entomological Society of America.
The seventeenth annual meeting of the Entomological Society of
America was held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the Buildings of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, on December 26, 27 and 29,
19212. The meetings were unusually well attended, the attendance rang-
ing from about 75 to 250 in the different sessions.
Seventy-four new members were elected during the past year, bringing
the total membership to 652, the largest in the history of the society.
Professor T. D. A. Cockerell, of the University of Colorado,
was elected president; William S. Marshall, of the University of Wis-
consin, was chosen first vice-president ; F. E. Lutz, American Museum
of Natural History, New York, second vice-president, and C. L. Met-
calf, University of Illinois, secretary-treasurer.
Other elections were : Managing Editor oi Annals, Prof. Herbert
Osborn, Ohio State University; additional members of Executive Com-
mittee, Arthur Gibson, Dominion Entomologist, Ottawa, Canada ; Dr.
William A. Riley, University of Minnesota; Prof. R. A. Cooley, Agr.
Experiment Station, Bozeman, Montana ; Charles W. Johnson, Boston
Society of Natural History; Dr. E. P. Felt, State Entomologist,
Albany, New York, and Prof. A. L. Melander, State College, Pullman,
Washington.
The Society voted to raise the annual dues from $2.00 to $3.00,
effective January 1, 1924.
Professor J. J. Davis, of Purdue University, was appointed Treasurer
of the Thomas Say Foundation, to succeed Dr. E. D. Ball, resigned.
Messrs. R. A. Cooley, R. W. Harned and Guy C. Crampton were
elected as new members of the Editorial Board of the Annals.
The Society approved the constitution for the Union of American
Biological Societies, as published in Science for September 29, 1(L'2.
and appointed A. N. Caudell and A. G. Boving as the representatives
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63
of the Society to attend such meetings as may be called in Washington
during the coming year.
The following subject was selected for the Symposium at the Cincin-
nati meeting in 1923: "Methods of Protection and Defense Among
Insects."
C. L. METCALF, Secretary.
The American Entomological Society.
Meeting of April 27, 1922, in the hall of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia. Eight persons present, Dr. Henry Skinner
presiding.
Mr. Cresson, of the Property Committee, reported the following
additions to the Cabinet : 7 named Hymenoptera from Hawaiian Islands,
from Dr. D. M. Castle ; 2 paratypes from Michigan, of Enocherus lilje-
bladi Wai. (Coleop.) from A. B. Wolcott ; 81 Hymenoptera, 96 Dip-
tera, U. S., Dr. Victor A. Loeb ; 41 Coleoptera (Tenebrionidae) from
U. S., from Dr. F. E. Blaisdell.
Dr. Arthur D. Whedon, 525 South High Street, West Chester, Pa.,
and Mr. John C. Holinger, Girard Trust Co., Phila., were elected to
membership in the Society.
H'YMENOPTERA. — Dr. Bradley, of Cornell University, exhibited a new
first American species of the genus Incomathis (Hymenoptera), there
being four other species known.
LEPIDOPTERA. — Mr. Williams exhibited some slides and drawings of
t':e male genitalia of the larger Hesperidae and made some remarks on
the characters disclosed.
Dr. Skinner remarked on the "Corona," as he designated the curious
chitinous and membraneous appendages found in some species of Hes-
peridae at the apex of the aedoeagus.
DERMAPTERA. — The combined exotic collection of Dermaptera was
exhibited by Messrs. Rehn and Hebard. Two hundred and forty- four
species are now included, representing ninety genera. In the collection
are also the types of twenty-four species. Burr's treatment of the
Order in the Genera Inscctoru-m was shown, which included one hun-
dred and forty-six genera, the number of subsequently described genera
brings the total up to approximately one hundred and sixty. The
growth of this portion of the collection has in recent years been very
rapid and it was pointed out that the Dermaptera are among the most
difficult Orders of insects to secure quantity. The North American
collection of Dermaptera is now complete, containing material of every
species found north of the Mexican border.
Dr. Skinner spoke of Dr. Malcolm Burr, the Dermapterist, and of
a visit to his home and collections, followed by a further tribute to
Dr. Burr and his work by Mr. Rehn and Mr. Hebard.
R. C. WILLIAMS, Recording Secretary.
64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '23
OBITUARY.
HENRY JOHN ELWES, F. R. S., F. E. S., was born in 1846
and died at his home, Colesborne Hall, Cheltenham, England,
November 26th, 1922, after a long illness.1 He was educated
at Eton and subsequently joined the Scots Guards, in which
he became Captain. His activities were big game hunting,
horticulture, agriculture, systematic botany and entomology.
He traveled extensively and covered a large part of the world
and made collections in the Himalayas, Andes and the moun-
tains of Japan and China, as well as in the Rocky Mountains
and other parts of North America. It botany he was favorably
known by his monograph on the lilies and his great work on
The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland. He was an authority
on the Palaearctic Rhopalocera and published many interesting
and valuable papers on these butterflies. The papers on Par-
nassius and Ercbia are well known, also an annotated list of
the Rhopalocera of Sikkim.
He was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1897 and
President of the Entomological Society of London for the
years 1893 and 1894. In 1897 he was elected a Correspond-
ing Member of The American Entomological Society.
As stated above, Mr. Elwes collected in this country and took
a great interest in its butterfly fauna. His revision of the
genus Argynnis included the species found in North America
and the same is true of his paper on the genus Ercbia,3 in which
he described a high altitude form of epipsodea under the name
brucei. Another interesting paper is On a Collection of Lepi-
doptera from ^irctic America* With this is a color plate of rare
species, including Colias boothi Curtis and Erebm fasciata
Butler. A large part of his valuable collection was presented
to the British Museum and the remainder was purchased by
Mr. J. J. Joicey.
HENRY SKINNER.
'Entomologists Record, 1922, xxxiv. By G. T. Bethune-Baker.
"Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 535.
"Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 317.
4Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1903, p. 239, pi. ix.
The December, 19221, issue of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS was mailed at
the Philadelphia Post Office, December 11, 1922.
One of the most beautiful red gold Butterflies of the world Cbrysophanus
virgaurae d"1, only 6 cts. apiece, as long as the stock holds out
and other small species for decorative purposes 2 to 5 cts.
each, also Exotic Lepidoptera.
Our new list of lots, books, pins, apparatus and requisites gratis.
Our price list No. 58, containing 28,000 species of Lepidoptera, price $1.00
The greatest and most voluminous of all lists.
Our price list No. 30, containing 30,000 species of Coleoptera, price $ .50
" " VII, " 10,000 other insects $ .50
Transmitted amount* will be refunded from order* for insect*.
Please send dollar banknote* or stamps.
Dr. 0. Staudinger & A. Bang-Haas, Dresden- Blase witz, Germany
Wish to Purchase Phanaeus from North and South
America; also Moneilema from United
States and Mexico.
DR. FRANK J. PSOTA,
3854 West 26th Street, Chicago, Illinois.
Rhopalocera and Heterocera of the North Argentine.
Good species and first-class specimens, write to
RODOLFO SCHRIETER,
Tucuman, Argentine, calle 24 de Setiembre 1372c.
References by Mr. B. Preston Clark, Boston, Massachusetts, Kilby Street 55.
NATAL BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS
Mr. G. F. Leigh is open to supply the above in perfect condition,
mostly bred. The mimics Papilio dardanus, Pseudacraea tarqui-
nia, Imitator and Trimenii and what they imitate a specialty.
For prices «pply to G- F. Leigh Langham Chambers, 463 We»t St., Durban, Natal
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rare beetles (Goliathus, Dynastes, Argyrophegges) and others,
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NEW ARRIVALS
From Colombia, South America:
OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING
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Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali
andraemon Erinyis guttalaris
celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.
" devilliersi
From Venezuela:
Over 5000 Lepidoptera
200 Dynastes hercules
From New Guinea
2000 Coleoptera
200 Orthoptera
From Assam, India:
1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDINC
Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis
philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi
And Many Other Showy Species
From Tibet (Bhutan) :
Annandia Hdderdalii Parnassius hardwicki
CATALOGUES OF
ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS
ON APPLICATION
If interested kindly send your list
of desiderata for further information to
THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA
Department of Natural Science New York
G. Lagai, PhD. 56-58 West 23d Street
MARCH, 1923
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXIV
No. 3
WILLIAM HARRIS ASHMEAD
1855-1908
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.
HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE:
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PHILIP LAURENT,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIV.
Plate II.
YA 1} \ f~^Z °J"™W; Sb
,^LA(\j^ — ^
i balll i^\ /a^rae
f)
) taurula
MALE GENITAL CLASPERS OF SPECIES OF LOPIDEA.-KNiGHT.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA
VOL. XXXIV
MARCH, 1923
No. 3
CONTENTS
Knight — A Fourth Paper on the Species
of Lopidea ( Heteroptera, Miridae) 65
The Mulford Biological Exploration
of the Amazon Basin 72
Duncan — Notes on the Biology of Two
Species of Stenopelmatus (Orth.:
Tettigoixiidae) 73
Brickner— Observations on the Behav-
ior of Spiders ; the Safety of Spi-
ders from becoming Entangled in
their own Webs ( Aran. ) 78
Champlain and Kriuil — A New Species
of Agrilus ( Buprestidae, Col ) 84
Editorial —A Possible Service to Ento-
mologists 86
Higgins — Oxycnemus histrina on Fun-
gus (Col.: Nitidulidae) 86
Calvert — A Supplementary Note on
Gomphus dilatatus (Odon.: Aesh-
nidae) 87
Calvert— Leucorhinia proxima at a
High Altitude in Colorado (Odon.:
Libellulidae) 88
Stoner— Insects Taken at Hot Springs,
Kotorua, New Xealand 88
Howard — Entomologische Mitteilun-
gen 90
Howard— An Interesting New Case of
Phoresie ( Heterop : Cortidae ; Hy-
men.: Proctotrypidae) <;o
Entomological Literature 91
Reyiewof Camposon Insectsof Ecuador 94
Doings of Societies — Ent. Sec., Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil. (Lep., Odon., Diplo-
poda, Dipt. ) 95
The American Entomological Society
(Orth., Lep., Col., Dipt.) 95
A Fourth Paper on the Species of Lopidea
(Heteroptera, Miridae).1
By HARRY H. KXIGHT, University of Minnesota, St. Paul,
Minnesota.
(Plate II.)
Lopidea amorphae new species (Plate II, I/ig. 2).
$. Length 5.9 mm., width 2 mm. Head: width 1.1 mm., vertex .34
mm. Antennae: segment I, length .60 mm.; II, 2.09 mm., tli.ickne.ss .114
mm., tapering to more slender on apical half; III, 1.2 mm.; IV. .40
mm. rrnnotiiiii : width at base 1.S4 mm. C.cnital claspers (tig. 2) nidi
cate a very close relationship with renteri, hut in the large series ex-
amined the distal portion of the right clasper shows differences that are
constant. Hemelytra with red areas hearing tine yellowish pubescence,
while in renteri the same areas hear hlack puhesceiit hairs; smaller than
rent en and more yellowish in color, the majority of specimens more yel-
lowish than red. Breeds on .•tinorhi'm fntclicusii where the nymphs and
adults were taken in numbers.
9. I^ength 6.3 mm., width 2.3 nun., very .similar to the male in form
and coloration.
'Published, with the approval of tin- Director, as paper Xo. 353 of the
Journal Series of the Minnesota Agricultural Kxperiment Station.
65
66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '23
Holotypc: $ July 8, 1922, Ramsey County, Minnesota (H.
H. Knight), taken on Amorpha fnicticosa, found growing on
bank of Mississippi river ; Minnesota University collection.
Allotypc : same data as type. Paratypcs: 16 $ 14 9 , taken with
types; 9 $ 26 9 July 18, 1922, type locality (H. H. Knight).
2^29 July 2, 1920, type locality (P. B. Lawson).
Lopidea lathyrae new species (Plate II, Fig. 7).
$. Length 5.9 mm., width 1.9 mm. Head: width 1.11 mm., vertex .65
mm. Antennae : segment I, length .65 mm. ; II, 2 mm., cylindrical ; III,
1.58 mm.; IV, .61 mm. Pronotnin: width at base 1.71 mm. Size, form
and color very suggestive of conflucns Say; deep red, legs, antennae,
pronotal disk except lateral and anterior margins, scutellum, broad stripe
each side oi commissure and membrane black ; clothed with fine yellow-
ish pubescence on the red areas but black over the dark surface, with a
few sericeous, yellowish pubescent hairs about margin of calli. Genital
claspers (fig. 7) distinctive of the species.
9 . Length 6.2 mm., width 2.2 mm. ; very similar to the male but
with embolium and outer half of cuneus pale.
Holotypc: 3 July 6, 1919, Anoka County, Minnesota (H. H.
Knight) ; Minnesota University collection. Allotypc : taken
with the type. Paratypcs: 75 59, taken with the types on
Lathyrns vcnosus. DAKOTA — 3 $ 6 9 July 30, 1920, Turtle
Mountains (T. H. Hubbel). MINNESOTA— $ July 10, 1920,
Morrison County (A. A. Nichol). 9 July 2, 1919, Mille Lacs
County (V. R. Haber.) $ Aug. 6, 1910, Koochiching County.
5 $ 1 9 June 19, 1921, Ramsey County (H. H. Knight.)
CANADA, MANITOBA— 9 July 20, 1915, 2 9 July 18, 1916,
Aweme ( N. Criddle). SASKATCHEWAN — $ July, 1922, Saska-
toon (A. E. Cameron).
In Anoka County the writer found this species so numerous
that in spots the host plants were largely killed. From this ob-
servation it would appear that this insect may be regarded as a
potential pest of cultivated vetches.
Lopidea balli new species (Plate II, Fig. 1).
$. Length 5.7 mm., width 2.2" mm. Head: widtli 1.21 mm., vertex
.70 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .63 mm.; II, 2.2 mm., thickness
.10 mm., very slightly more slender on apical one-fourth. Pronotnm:
width at base 1.74 mm. Genital claspers (fig. 1) indicate a close rela-
tionship with lathyrae, but in form broader and with less blackish on
XXXJV, '23] KXTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. f)7
the dorsum; pronotum red to roscous, calli scarcely darkened; pubescence
nearly as in lathyrae, but basal half of clavus bearing sericeous, silvery
pubescence, the dark hairs on embolium and outer half of corium be-
coming yellowish apically.
?. Length 6.1 mm., width 2.2 mm.; very similar to the male in form
and coloration.
Holotypc: $ July 22, 1900, Denver, Colorado (E. D. Hall) ;
author's collection. Allotypc: 9 Aug., 1906, Glen, Sioux
County, Nebraska (H. G. Barber). Paratypes: 1 $ 1 9 , taken
with allotype.
«
Lopidea chelifer new species (Plate II, Fig. 15).
$. Length 5.3 mm., width 1.9 mm. Head: width 1.17 mm., vertex .64
mm. Antennae: segment I, length .63 mm.; II, 2.03 mm., nearly
cylindrical; III, 1.36 mm.; IV, .39 mm. Pronotum: width at base 1.66
mm. Genital claspers (fig. .15) indicate a relationship with balli, but
differences are apparent, the dorsum also more thickly clothed with
dusky to black pubescence ; femora pale fuscous and with black dots.
Holotypc: $ Aug. 1-15, 1916, Jemez Springs, New Mexico
( J. Woodgate) ; author's collection.
Lopidea dakota new species (Plate II, Fig. 3).
•\Lomatopleura cacsar Uhler, Hemip. Colo., p. 31, 1895.
$ . Length 6.4 mm., width 2.5 mm. Head : width 1.22 mm., vertex
.77 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .77 mm.; II, 2.44 mm., thickness
.09 mm., tapering to slightly more slender apically ; III, L57 mm. ; IV, .57
mm. Size and color very similar to reuteri ; genital claspers (fig. 3)
indicate a close relationship with instabilis but the antennae are more
slender ; dorsum clothed with stiff, suberect black hairs which in length
nearly equal thickness of antennal segment II.
9 . Length 6.9 mm., width 2.4 mm. ; more robust than the male but
very similar in form and coloration. Named after the Dakota Indians,
the largest division of the Siouan family.
Holotypc: $ July 12, 1920, Cass County, North Dakota (A.
A. Nichol) ; author's collection. Allotype: same data as the
type. Paratypes: COLORADO — 2 $ Aug. 3, 1894, Colorado
Springs; $ June 5, 1894 Fort Collins (C. P. Gillette).
3319 August, Denver (N. Banks). $ July 22, 1900, Den-
ver; $ July 13, $ July 16, 1900, Fort Collins (E. D. Hall).
$, "Colo. Spr."; 3S, "Colo. 1599, 1606." 5 July "22, 1900,
Pueblo. MINNESOTA — $ 9 , Big Stone County; $ 9 , Traverse
County (O. W. Oestlund). NEBRASKA — $ Aug., 1903, Glen,
68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '23
Sioux County (H. G. Barber.) MONTANA — $ August 24, 9
Aug. 21, 1892, Assiniboin. NORTH DAKOTA — 4 $ , taken with
types. 4 $ 4 9 July 19, 1920, Devil's Lake. $ July 30, $
Aug. 4, 1920, Turtle Mountains (T. H. Hubbel). S 9 July
29, 1921, Edgeley. SOUTH DAKOTA— $ 9 June 16, 1891,
Brookings (H. C. Severin). WYOMING — 3 5,2? July 20-25,
1920. Yellowstone National Park (A. A. Nichol). CANADA:
BRITISH COLUMBIA — $ June 9, 1905, Yernon. 9 Aug. 15,
1919, Fort Fraser (W. B. Anderson). MANITOBA — $ , Win-
nipeg (A. W. Mitchener). 9 July 22, 1910, Winnipeg ( J.
Cocks). SASKATCHEWAN — $ 9 July, 1922, Saskatoon (A. E.
Cameron) ; reported as injurious to "small fruits."
Lopidea falcicula new species (Plate II, Fig. 6)
$ . Length 6.5 mm., width 2.3 mm. Head: width 1.11 mm., vertex .65
mm. Antennae: segment I, length .63 mm; II, 2.2 mm., cylindrical; III,
1.61 mm.; IV, .46 mm. Pronotum: width at base 1.8 mm. Color sug-
gestive of dakota but the calli, scutellum and hemelytra with deeper black,
and the pubescence on the dorsum finer and less conspicuous ; genital
claspers (fig. 6) distinctive.
9 . Length 6.8 mm., width 2.4 mm. ; very similar to the male in form
and coloration.
Holotypc: $ August 2, 1900, Rico, Colorado (E. D. Ball) ;
author's collection. Allotype : same data as type. Paratypcs :
$ , topotypic. 9 August 5, 1900, Antonio, Colorado.
Lopidea fuscina new species (Plate II, Fig. 5).
$. Length 6.2 mm., width 2.14 mm. Head: width 1.22 mm., vertex
.40 mm. Antennae : segment I, length .67 mm. ; II, 2.16 mm., nearly
cylindrical but perceptibly more slender near apex. Pronotum: width
at base 1.86 mm. Form and color suggestive of falcicula but red areas
of dorsum bearing yellowish pubescence ; genital claspers (fig. 5) dis-
tinctive.
Holotypc : $ June 6-8, 1907, Mount Diablo Range, Fresno
County, California (J. C. Bradley) ; Cornell University collec-
tion.
Lopidea taurula new species (Plate II, Fig. 8).
$. Length 5.9 mm., width 2 mm, Head: width 1.14 mm., vertex .68
mm. Genital claspers (fig. 8) indicate a close relationship with
taur'ma but in this case the prongs of the right clasper scarcely form a
half circle ; dorsum clothed with short, black pubescent hairs, also more
broadly red than in taur'ma.
XXxiv, '23] KXTOMOLOCICAL NE\VS. 69
Holotypc: £ June 24, 1882, Umatilla, Oregon; author's col-
lection.
Lopidea nigridea Uhler, Hemiptera Colorado, p. 30, 1895.
Distinguished by the genital claspers (Plate II, fig. 9), also
by the chiefly fuscous coloration and the short, erect black hairs
of the dorsum. The figure of the genital claspers here pre-
sented was drawn from one of the co-types ( $ July 16, 1894,
Steamboat Springs, Colorado, C. F. Baker).
Lopidea fallax new species (Plate II, Fig. 10).
<5 . Length 6 mm., width 2 mm. Head: width 1.14 mm., vertex .40
mm. Antennae: segment I, length .54 mm.; II, 1.97 mm., cylindrical.
Pronotnin : width at base 1.66 mm. Genital claspers (fig. 10) distinctive,
although showing a close relationship with nigridea; differs from ni/jri-
dca in the soft fine pubescence, nearly black hemelytra with reddish
margins and the deep rose red pronotum with black calli.
Holotypc: $ June 11, 1()15, below Mountain Springs, San
Diego County, California (.Harold Morrison) ; author's collec-
tion. Paralyses: 26, taken with type. 3<5 June 11, 1915.
Jacumba to Campo, San Diego County (Harold Morrison), and
$ 9 , Los Angeles County, California.
Lopidea serica new species (Plate II, Fig. 12).
$. Length 5.8 mm., width 2.24 mm. Head: width 1.23 mm., vertex
.71 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .60 mm.; II, 2 mm., cylindrical;
III, 1.16 mm.; IV, .46 mm. Pronotum: width at base 1.9 mm. Genital
claspers (fig. 12) indicate a close relationship with nigridea, but serica
differs in that the hemelytra bear in addition to black hairs, closely ap-
pressed, yellowish sericeous pubescence ; hemelytra red, only slightly
infuscated at commissure, scutellum nearly black, disk of calli with black
spots.
9 . Length 5.7 mm., width 2.3 mm. ; very similar to the male in form
and coloration.
Holotypc: $ June 28, 1900. Fort Collins (E. D. Ball);
author's collection. Allotype : taken with type. Paratypes :
2 £ , topotypic.
Lopidea yakima new species (Plate II, Fig. 11).
$. Length 5.1 mm., width 2 mm. Closely related to aculcata but
evidently differs in structure and color of the genital claspers (fig. 11 ).
Dorsum bright red, calli and scutellum black, dorsum clothed with short
black hairs and intermixed, at least on clavus, with closely appressed,
sericeous yellowish pubescence.
70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar.. '23
Holotypc: $ August, 1893, Olympia, Washington (Kin-
kaid) ; author's collection. Named after the Yakima Indians.
Lopidea mohave new species (Plate II, Fig. 14).
$. Length 5.7 mm., width 2 mm. Related to maryinata but differs
in the genital claspers (fig. 14). Dorsum fusco-reddish, pronotum more
fuscous than reddish, cuneus bright red ; calli with margins black and
spots on disk of each.
Holotypc : $ July 25, 1907, San Antonio Canyon, Ontario,
California ; author's collection. Named after the Mohave In-
dians.
Lopidea nicholi new species (Plate II, Fig. 4).
$. Length 5.8 mm., width 2 mm. Head: width 1.14 mm., vertex .64
mm. Antennae: segment I, length .60 mm.; II, mutilated. Pronotum:
width at base 1.52 mm. Dorsum yellow as in robiniac but scutellum and
each side of commissure not so distinctly black; dorsum clothed with
short stiff, suberect black hair. Genital claspers (fig. 4) distinctive of
the species.
Holotypc : $ August 7, 1920, Columbia County, Washington
(A. A. Nichol) ; author's collection.
Lopidea ute new species (Plate II, Fig. 19).
$. Length 5.7 mm., width 1.7 mm. Head: width 1.14 mm., vertex
.61 mm. Antennae : segment I, length .48 mm. ; II, 1.86 mm., cylindrical ;
III, 1.26 mm. Pronotum : width at base 1.6 mm. Coloration suggestive
of navajo; dorsum dark fusco-reddish, anterior margin of pronotum, em-
bolium and outer margin of cuneus pale; clothed with very fine yellowish
pubescence; genital claspers (fig. 19) distinctive of the species.
Holotypc: $ July 15, 1894, Steamboat Springs, Colorado (C.
F. Baker); Cornell University collection. Paratypcs: 2$,
"Colo. 1330, 1341." Named after the Ute Indians, a tribe that
inhabited the mountains of Colorado.
Lopidea teton new species (Plate II, Fig. 13).
$ . Length 6.3 mm., width 2.43 mm. Head : width 1.2 mm., vertex .68
mm. Antennae: segment 1, length .71 mm.; II, 2.1 mm., nearly cylin-
drical, although perceptibly tapering smaller on apical half; III, 1.54
mm.; IV, .47 mm. Pronotum: length 1.26 mm., width at base 2.01 mm.
Pubescence and color nearly as in dakota but the red coloration tinged
with rose, disk of pronotum distinctly rose colored. Genital claspers
(fig. 13) distinctive.
9. Length 6.1 mm., width 2.36 mm.; very similar to the male in
form and coloration. Antennae: segment II, length 1.86 mm. Prono-
tum : length 1.2 mm., width at base 2 mm.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 71
Holotypc : $ June 16, 1920, Norman County, Minnesota (A.
A. Nichol) ; author's collection. Allotypc: $ July 12, 1920,
Cass County, North Dakota (A. A. Nichol). Paratypes:
COLORADO— $ 9 June 6, 9 July 17, 1900, Fort Collins (E. D.
Ball) ; 9 June 13, 1915, Morrison ( E. C. Jackson). KANSAS
-$ May 29, Riley County; 2 9 May 30, Topeka (Popenoe).
MINNESOTA — 9 , Ottertail County (O. W. Oestlund) ; 9 June
20, 1922, Norman County (A. A. Nichol), MONTANA — $ June
18, 1911, Gallatin Valley. NEVADA-- $ April 20, 1915, alt.
6300 ft. Round Mountain (E. G. Holt). NORTH DAKOTA — 9 ,
Dickenson (H. Osborn). SOUTH DAKOTA — 2 9 June 16, $
June 21, Brookings; 2 $ 2 9 June 1, 1921, Capa (H. C. Sev-
erin). TEXAS— 9 April, 1914, Eort Worth (W. S. Adkifis).
Named after the Teton Indians, a name signifying "dwellers
of the prairies."
Lopidea bullata new species (Plate II, Fig. 16).
$. Length 4.6 mm., width 1.7 mm. Head: width 1.30 mm., vertex
.80 mm. Antennae: segment I. length .34 mm.; II, 1.18 mm., slender,
cylindrical; III, .86 mm.; IV. .37 mm. Pronotmn: length .91 mm., width
at base 1.51 mm. Closely related to pitclla but surface clothed only with
soft yellowish pubescence, also the right clasper (fig. 16) without an
erect, acute spine at dorsal angle, nor is the distal portion longitudinally
furrowed. Pale to fuscous, head large, anterior margin of pronotum,
scutellum, embolium and cuneus pale to white ; membrane pale, veins and
a ray behind smaller areole fuscous.
9 . Length 4.3 mm., width 2 mm. ; embolar margins strongly arcuate ;
coloration similar to the male; membrane abbreviated, just attaining tip
of abdomen.
Holotypc: $ , Los Angeles County, California; Cornell Uni-
versity collection. Allotypc : same data as type. Paratypes :
$ 9 , topotypic.
Lopidea bullata fusca new variety.
Genital claspers not differing appreciably from the typical species but
with membrane and veins uniformly infuscated; scutellum and paler
parts of head and pronotum reddish.
Holotypc: £ , Los Angeles County, California; Cornell Uni-
versity collection.
Lopidea wileyi new species (Plate II, Fig 17)
$. Length 4.6 mm., width 1.6 mm. Head: width 1 mm., vertex .60
mm. Antennae: segment !, length .43 mm.; II, 1.5 mm., cylindrical;
72 ENTOMOI, ()(!!( Al. NEWS. | Mar., '23
III, .91 mm. Pronoiiini : width at base 1.36 mm. Black, hemelytra \vilh
a reddish tinge, pronotum red, calli blackish; clothed with fine short
blackish pubescence; genital claspers (fig. 17) very distinctive of the
species.
9. Length 4.6 mm., width 1.6 mm.; very similar to the male in form
and coloration.
Holntypc: £ April 20, 1921, Eastland County, Texas (Grace
O. Wiley) ; author's collection. Allot \[>c : same data as the
type. Para-types: 2 $ 7 9 , taken with the types. 9 April 24,
$ May 2, San Diego, Texas.
Lopiclea falcata new species (Plate II, Fig. 18).
$. Length 5.4 mm., width 2 mm. Head: width 1.14 mm., vertex .63
mm. > Antennae : segment I, length .57 mm.; II, 2 mm., nearly cylindrical
but tapering to slightly more slender apically. Black, lateral margins of
pronotal disk behind calli, cuneus, embolium, base of clavus and outer
half of corium red ; dorsum clothed with fine yellowish pubescence ;
genital claspers (fig. 18) very distinctive of the species.
9. Length 6.3 mm., width 2.2 mm.; larger than the male but very
similar in form and coloration.
: S July 12, 1915, Jemez Springs, New Mexico (J.
Woodgate) ; author's collection. AHotypc : same data as type.
Pardtypes: 2 $ 3 $ , topotypic.
EXPLANATION of PLATE II.
Male genital claspers of Lohidca
a, left clasper, dorsal aspect.
b, right clasper, dorsal aspect.
c, right clasper, posterior aspect.
d, left clasper, posterior aspect.
c, right clasper, internal lateral aspect.
/, right' clasper, lateral aspect.
The Mulford Biological Exploration of the Amazon Basin.
Two accounts of some of the experiences of this expedition (on
which some notes were published in the NEWS for 1922) have recently
appeared. One is by the Director, Dr. H. H. Rushy: Report of Work
on the Mulford Biological Exploration of 1921-22 (Journal, N. York
Botan. Card., xxiii, pp. 101-112), the other by Dr. C). E. White:
Botanical Exploration in Bolivia (Brooklyn Botan. Garden Record, xi,
pp. 931 et seq.)
\xxiv. '23 | ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\\ S.
Notes on the Biology of Two Species of Stenopel-
matus (Orth. : Tettigoniidae).
I5v ('ARI, I). DuxcAxvStanford University, California.
\'erv little is known concerning the lives of these singular
insects, references in consequence being few and generally
vague, most authors having- dismissed the suhject with a state-
ment to the effect that Stenopelmatus is supposed to feed on
decaying or dead animal or vegetable matter. On the other
hand, Kssig'. says. "However, we do know that they are otten
responsible for considerable injury to potatoes before they
are dug. The tubers are gnawed so as to be unfit for keeping
or selling. Occasionally a large proportion of the crop may
thus be injured but this is more likely to occur in small newly
cleared areas." The following observations therefore, though
made on insects in the laboratory, and not at all extensive, have
the value of definiteness, which may justify their publication.
Stenopelmatus longispina Brunnrr.
On March 5, 1921, a large female was collected from under
a stone near Cooley's Landing on San Francisco Bay, near
Palo Alto, and brought into the laboratory. Here it was put
into a small wire screen cage with about an inch of dam])
sand in the bottom. A card-board box cover, open at one end,
was placed on the sand to give shelter to the insect should it
choose to remain above ground.
The specimen was kept from A larch 5 to March 24. On the
latter date it was found dead, the cause of death not being
apparent. Dissection showed the specimen to be a fully adult
female, the abdomen containing twelve apparently fully formed
eggs and many others in various stages of development. Tin-
mature eggs were of a regularly elliptic form, measuring two
mm. by four mm., and were of a lemon-yellow color.
The insect burrowed into the sand during the day, where it
remained quiet unless disturbed. At night it came out and
crawled actively about the cage climbing all over the sick ->.
When the sand became dry through neglect, or very wet when
too much water was put in, Stenopelmatus slaved above ground
and used the card-board shelter.
1 Essig, E. O. Injurious and Beneficial Inlets of I'alii'oniia. p. .->7-S.
74
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
[Mar., '23
For several days I kept a petri dish of water in the cage,
but I failed to observe the captive drink, although I frequently
watched it at night at varying hours up to 2.30 A. M.
About thirty-six hours after having collected the specimen,
it having passed the intervening time in a small bottle, I placed
it on a laboratory table and began teasing it with a pair of
forceps. It exhibited the usual defensive and belligerent atti-
tudes characteristic of the genus and in addition, to my surprise,
began stridulating. The sound produced was quite similar to
Stenopelmalus longispina Brunner : A, portion of rasp of male ; B, portion of rasp of female ;
C, inner surface of hind femur of male, showing stridulatory rasp.
that made by rubbing two pieces of rough paper together and
was made by rubbing an elongated, roughened area on the
upper edge of the inner surface of the hind femur (Fig. C)
against the short spines which are scattered over the sclerites
and connectiva of the side of the abdomen. An examination
of several specimens in the University collection showed both
sexes to possess the stridulating apparatus.
The mechanics of the stridulation vary. When first noted
the insect pressed the femora against the sides of the abdomen
and the latter was then jerked upward and slightly forward
from one to several times. Later on the insect stridulated
when walking away from me and at such times the legs
furnished practically all the movement. Stridulation is not
•*• • •*
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
naturally incident to walking, however, as the insect at times
walked quite noiselessly. Again, quoting from my notes,
"When touched on its back or cerci it kicks one or both of
its hind legs high in the air over its back, rubbing its femora
against the abdomen in doing so."
The function of the stridulation, as indicated by this speci-
men, seems to be defensive and intimidatory. For example,
"I drop an angleworm in front of 'Steno.' At the squirming
of the worm 'Steno' draws back quickly and stridulates twice.
I put two BatracJwscps (a small salamander) into the cage,
dropping one alongside 'Steno,' who promptly stridulated.
She stridulated again when I pecked the sand behind and
slightly to one side of her with my forceps."
The only food that I succeeded in getting the insect to eat
was animal. It refused to eat bits of apple or potato or the
berries of Eugenia sp., even when not supplied with any other
food for two or three days. It ate a number of freshly killed
Cerambycid larvae and several large termites which were placed
in the cage in a petri dish. So far as observed it fed only at
night. When feeding, the click of its mandibles was audible
for at least four feet from the cage. An angle-worm which I
put alive into the cage was apparently eaten for it disappeared.
However, the angle-worm may have escaped from the cage
through a hole in one corner, although this seems impossible
as the hole was fully one and one-half inches above the sand
and it seems unlikely that an angle-worm would forsake an
attractive home of wet sand to crawl about a dry metal cage.
A small salamander, Batrachoseps attcnnatits, about four
and a half inches long, which I put into the cage, and which
burrowed immediately into the sand, disappeared during the
course of four days. I later found what appeared to be the
tail of the salamander in the cage. However, I should not
like to say that the Stenopelmatus killed and ate the salamander
as it could easily have climbed out of the cage through tin-
hole mentioned before. Nevertheless, the belligerence and
strength of the Stenopelmatus which would make the Hatniclio-
seps an easy prey should it be chosen for such a fate at
76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Mar., '23
least makes it seem not impossible that the salamander met
its death at the "hands" of the former.
Decaying animal matter, such as Cerambycid larvae, crickets,
crane fly larvae and two dead ring-necked snakes were un-
touched by the Stenopelmatus although they were left in the
cage for several days. No food of any sort was eaten during
the four days preceding the insect's death.
Stenopelmatus pictus Scudder.
On October 22, 1921, a male of this species was found near
Stanford University under a pile of garbage which had been
exposed to the weather for several months and was nearly
dried out. It bore the empty shells of thirty-eight elliptic,
white eggs of a Dipterous parasite, of which seven were on
the legs, five on the thorax and twenty-six on the abdomen.
The Stenopelmatus did not seem to be in the least incommoded
by the eggs or the larvae which had hatched from them and
were even then living within its body.
I kept the specimen in a large jar, without any sand or
earth. It received no food until October 27, when at 7.30
P. M., I put in a small grass-hopper, Melanoplus sp., of which
I pinched the head and removed the hind legs in order to
render it less lively. At 8.10 P. M., the Stenopelmatus began
feeding on the grass-hopper and continued to do so until onlv
the detached hind legs, a few eggs that I had squeezed out
of it in killing it, and a piece of the pronotum remained. The
chitinous parts were chewed and swallowed along with the
rest. The click of the Stenopelmatus' mandibles was distinctly
audible as it fed.
After feeding ceased I began teasing the insect. Continued
teasing for several minutes failed to elicit stridulation. An
examination of the specimen, however, revealed the same
stridulatory mechanism as that possessed by 5". longispina.
I repeatedly turned it on its back with my forceps or caught
and held it by one leg. In answer to the former it usually
merely righted itself and tried running away again. To all
appearances it ran in any direction which proved convenient,
as frequently toward my threatening forceps as away from
them. When held by one leg it turned and used its other legs
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\VS.
and its mandibles in attempts to free itself. \Yhen picked up
by the thorax it would use all six legs in an attempt to get
free. After considerable teasing it lost its good nature and
began to show resentment, running away U 5S. \Vhen ap-
proached by the forceps it would rear up its body in a defen-
sive attitude, lifting its middle and fore legs on the side next
the forceps. It would defend itself with great vigor, biting
and scraping the forceps. Xo stridulation whatever took place.
On October 28 I placed a cricket in the jar. The Stciiof^cl-
inalus followed it about, making several unsuccessful attempts
to capture it. From what happened it was not apparent whether
the Stenopelmatus were actually hostile or merely manifesting
curiosity. Both insects shortly became quiet on opposite sides
of the jar and remained so until 12.30 P. M. of the next day,
at which time I put in a grass-hopper, Melttnoplit.- sp. The
grass-hopper jumped about excitedly, much to the discomfort
of the Stenopelmatus and the cricket. After several attempts
the former caught the grass-hopper and chewed a big hole in
the venter of its thorax. Then it left the grass-hopper practic-
ally dead and with legs twitching.
At 8 P. M. the hole in the grass-hopper's thorax was much
larger. I -put in a live fly, CalUMiora erythrocephcda.
On October 30 at 2.30 P. M. the cricket was dead and
the fly apparently killed and eaten, since it had disappeared.
On October 31 the Stenopelmatus killed but did not eat
another Calliphora. \ third was left unmolested.
On November 3 the Stenopelmatus died.
On November 7, A. 'M., parasitic larvae began to emerge.
They all emerged within twenty-four hours, making their exit
from the host through a slit in the dorsum of the abdomen
between segments two and three. In all seventeen larvae
emerged. They showed considerable variation in sixe.
A few days later the mature flies emerged. These were
determined by Mr. F. R. Cole as Plagioprospherysa parrifnilpi
Van der \Yulp.
The species of Stenopelmatus were determined by the author
with the aid of Hebard's paper on the genus
"2Hebard, M. Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 24:70-»>.
78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | Mar., '23
Observations on the Behavior of Spiders ; the Safety
of Spiders from becoming Entangled in
their own Webs (Aran.).
By RICHARD M. BRICKNER, College of Physicians and Sur-
geons, New York City.
It was the belief of Fabre1, substantiated by a single set of
experiments, that the spider secreted some sort of fatty fluid,
soluble in carbon disulphide, which protected the legs of the
animal from becoming stuck to the sticky parts of its web.
The following observations were carried out on the basis of
this view. Large orb spiders, strong and very vigorous, were
held by one leg, while several of their other legs were bathed in
carbon disulphide. Opportunity was given for the surplus car-
bon disulphide to evaporate, and the spiders were then dropped
on to the floor of large funnel or orb webs. In making its first
attempt to walk the spider became completely entangled. A
series of controls was run simultaneously, and the following re-
sults were obtained in every case : Controls : normal spiders
were able to move about with ease in any web in which they
were placed. Experiments : spiders whose legs had been bathed
with carbon disulphide were unable to manouvre properly in any
web, because their legs became adherent to the silky strands.
Technique : the animal was held in the left hand, by six or seven
legs. The remaining leg or legs were allowed to lie upon the
tips of the fingers. Carbon disulphide was allowed to drop
from a pipette, upon these free legs. In most cases the re-
maining legs were freed, one by one, and similarly bathed. The
legs were allowed to become perfectly dry. Care had to be ex-
ercised not to touch any portion of the animal's body with
carbon disulphide except the legs ; otherwise instant death fol-
lowed.
The fact being that a bath of carbon disulphide causes the legs
of the animal to stick to the silk of a web, the following possi-
bilities obtain in explanation: 1. The globules of carbon
disulphide themselves serve as a glue. 2. The carbon disul-
phide causes paralysis of the leg muscles. 3. There is a pro-
xLife of the Spider, page 274.
XX.xiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79
tective fluid, which is dissolved away by the carbon disulphide
(Fabre's hypothesis). 4. The dust, etc., upon the leg be-
comes condensed among the setae.
Possibility No. 1 is disposed of at once, because the leg was
always allowed to become perfectly dry before the experiment
proper was commenced, and there was not the least possibility
of any of the very volatile bathing fluids remaining upon the
animal's limb. The possibility of paralysis is raised by the fol-
lowing facts : in every case in which merely the two forelegs
had been wet with carbon disulphide, the spider, in quitting the
floor of the strange web, kept these wet legs raised aloft, and
would not allow them to touch the silk at all. This was ob-
served even with hind legs which had been bathed alone. In
some instances the bathed legs were dragged after the spider,
behind, motionless and more or less stiffly. This peculiar atti-
tude may have been due to paralysis, or simply to an effort at
protection, on the part of the subject. That the former con-
tention is incorrect is definitely proved by the vigorous motion
of all the subjects, -after removal from the trap web, and par-
ticularly by the following instance: The bathed subject was
placed on the floor of a tunnel web. Instead of essaying to
escape it stretched itself out at full length, with legs extended
and lying together, four toward the head and four toward the
tail — as the same variety of spider frequently does in its own
web, or under a leaf, in the presence of large enemies, like a
human hand. No amount of poking would make this animal
budge. Thinking it possible that it might be dead, I picked it
up in my hand. In a few seconds the limp spider suddenly
sprang to its feet and rushed away. This specimen repeated its
performance twice, but finally attempted to walk off the delicate
floor of its own web, in which I had subsequently placed it, and
succeeded only in shattering the structure, and in carrying a
good deal of the substance off on its feet.
The hypothesis of Fabre, that the sticking is due to the solu-
tion of some organic, secreted protective fluid, has no direct
proof. It is rather a broad jump to assume that the par-
ticular fluid which the spider is supposed to secrete happens to
be soluble in carbon disulphide.
80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '23
The damage clone to the spider's leg is temporary, and seems
to he repaired by a process of combing, which the animal per-
forms after its bath, and which is described in the following
paragraph.
It is possible and even necessary to assume, with the protec-
tive fluid theory, that this act, which invariably restores to the
spicier its facility and without which the facility does not seem
to return, replenishes the supply of fluid to the legs from which
it has been dissolved. While there is no proof that this does not
occur, repeated observations of the process under the binocular
have failed tcr exhibit the presence of any droplets, such a:-
might be expected, upon the freshly combed legs, and the fol-
lowing observation furnished conclusive proof that the opera-
tion accomplishes (perhaps among other things) a cleansing of
the combed leg. I observed a single combing, which went on
in the palm of my hand, with a lens. First the legs were care-
fully drawn between the chelicerae, several times. The pedi-
palpi were then inserted between the chelicerae and were used
as brushes. The pedipalpi were soon withdrawn from the cheli-
cerae, covered with dirt, which they had evidently brushed from
the latter. The spider now rubbed its pedipalpi together and
rolled up a little pill of dirt which it discarded. This fasci-
nating act was repeated.
Inasmuch as it is an easily perceived fact that the dust, etc.,
on the spider's leg, is quite condensed among the setae, and that
the setae themselves are matted down, and more or less ad-
herent to the shaft of the leg, after the carbon disulphide bath,
it is very probable that this matting and condensing are the
factors which do away with the free play of such a leg. In
fact, it seems rather far-fetched and unnecessary to seek any
further for an explanation.
The following further observation is the only positive indi-
cation against the fluid theory. The body of a spicier which had
been dead about 43 hours was examined, and found to be so< dry
that the legs had to be handled with care to prevent their break-
ing off. It is a fair assumption that no film of protective fluid
could have been left on the legs or body of this animal, and
xxxiv, '23] KXTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 81
yet the legs showed as great an immunity as ever, when touched
to, or rubbed against, a sticky thread.
We now have a method of causing the temporary loss of the
animal's immunity. Wherein, then, lies the actual facility of
the normal animal? If we do not seek some fluid as the source
of it, another protective agency must be found, and the first
place to look for it is in the structure of the animal's body it-
self.
The following experiments, repeated a number of times, fur-
nished final proof that no part of the body of a spider will
adhere tightly to a web, if merely placed in contact with some-
sticky part of it. A medium-sized zigzag spider was chosen.
The common observation of the journey of the animal across
the sticky areas of its web was made and it was found that the
glue upon the strands offered no impediment whatsoever. Firm
grasp of a leg was taken, and the structure was rubbed vertically
along a strand. Very slight sticking occurred. Rubbing of the
leg horizontally along the strand was thereupon performed, and
the same immunity was observed. This experiment was re-
peated with numerous specimens with unchanging results. The
abdomen of the spider was then held against sticky threads in
every conceivable position. Again, only very slight adherence
occurred. The tip of the abdomen was introduced between
three parallel and consecutive sticky threads. When the body
was drawn away from the web, the three threads followed it a
little way, but they were invariably released and sprang back to
their original positions. All parts of the abdomen were thus
found to be equally non-adhesive, under a control series. When
the same manouvre was attempted with a blade of grass, and
with a small straw, the threads were never able to spring back to
their original parallelism, because of an attachment formed with
the instrument. In all cases, the three threads were pulled
much farther out from their supporting radii than had been the
case when the various parts of the spider's body had been the
pulling apparatus. In every instance, in the control set, at
least one thread broke.
Referring again to the dried body of the spider which had
82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '23
been dead 43 hours, it should be mentioned that the abdomen,
as well as the legs showed normal immunity.
The legs and bodies of some demoiselles, and of several other
smooth-winged insects, were now tried ; and, surprisingly
enough, were found to be as slightly adherent as the similar
parts of the spider. The legs of a grasshopper were drawn
across the sticky strings like the bow of a violin ; its passage was
entirely unimpeded. If the body of the spider contains no safe-
guard which is greater than that of the insects which it makes
its prey, why is the home in which the spider lives in ease and
comfort a death trap for flies and grasshoppers ?
It is possible that the spider is possessed of an instinct which
enables it to take care of itself in a web, whereas the insects
which are unfortunate enough to tumble into a spider's web are
not so blessed, and soon find themselves lost. The obvious hy-
pothesis is that it is the entanglement in which the ordinary
insect involves itself which causes that animal to be completely
entrapped, and hopelessly entangled in the end.
It might be surmised then that even a spider, thrown violently
into a web, might find itself in difficulties. Such is exactly the
case. A large zigzag spider was selected and was pitched, with
some violence, into a web of a larger specimen. It struggled
and soon became completely entangled. The spider had suffi-
cient strength so that a thread lying across its back caused it no
trouble, but it did not have strength enough to pull any one leg
out of its silk sheath, until all the others were free, except with
the most extreme difficulty. I, however, was able to draw any
leg out of its wrapping with ease ; the silk peeled off. The ob-
servation was repeated a number of times. The spider was
found to possess no particular facility except when in the stand-
ing position. When thrown into a web the first effort was
always to achieve the standing position, and to present the least
possible body surface to the sticky strands. This is accom-
plished, of course, by resting on the individual strands upon the
claws, and by clutching the strands with these claws. It will be
observed that this position is the one used by the spider when
it is traveling across the sticky part of its web ; as well as when
it is resting in the central, non-sticky portion of it, and also
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83
that the spider actually handles the sticky lime silk, when the
web is being built, by clutching it between its claws.
It would seem that darning needles, grasshoppers, etc., which
are accustomed to being caught and involved, when they strike
webs, could save themselves, if they eliminated their wild
struggles, and, instead of slapping at the trap with their wings,
should fold up the latter and devote themselves to aping the
spider by acquiring the position of standing quietly upon their
points of least body surface, namely, their feet.
A damsel fly's wings were cut off short ; the fly had no trouble
at all in dropping out of the web, provided only that it was
placed there on its feet. Occasionally the long abdomen became
entangled and had to be freed by hand. In freeing itself, the
clipped damsel fly did not drop off of the web at once, but clung
to it with her claws. Upon my attempting to liberate her from
her entanglement, the shackles slid off easily enough, but the
animal subsequently clung to them with her own claws. Re-
peated observations of this character were convincing that the
bewilderment and lack of the proper instinct, as well as the
massive bodily projections, such as wings, or long abdomens
which singly were not very adhesive, but which, together, could
become very much entangled, are what contribute most largely
to the fatal entanglement of most of a spider's prey ; and that
the particular factor which bestows upon the tenant of the web
its own dexterity in getting about, is a body which is so con-
structed that the animal is not burdened by ponderous projecting
parts ; and, second, an instinct by which the spider remains in,
or immediately achieves, the standing position when in, or placed
in, a web.
It must not be forgotten that a spider builds a web for its
own individual use, and that it cannot help placing the succeed-
ing strands just so far apart from each ot'-er that the distance
is best fitted to be covered by legs which are of the exact size of
those possessed by that particular spider. The grasshopper
which strikes the web is not built for such a home ; its compara-
tively massive body occupies too much space, covers too many
sticky threads. One or two moves, and the grasshopper has
wrapped itself in a fatal sheath. The poor ant which finds
84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '23
itself upon a web is usually in an equally embarrassing position.
Even if it were possessed of the spider's instinct, it could not
reach ; it is too small, one strand is often all it can touch, and it
can do little but haul its poor body slowly along that sticky
strand.
Regarding the generic and specific names of the spiders, I am,
unfortunately, not able to be as precise as I desire to be. The
spiders were not identified properly at the time the experiments
were done, because of the interference of certain circumstances,
and the saved specimens were lost. I have spent considerable
time in examining the spider collection at the Museum of
Natural History ; this work leads to the probable identification
of the "orb" spider I used as Tetragantha extcnsa, and of the
"zigzag" spider as Miranda anraiitia. The fallibility of this sec-
ond-hand method of identification, however, makes it impossible
to be certain of the results.
A New Species of Agrilus (Buprestidae, Col.).
BY A. B. CHAMPLAIN AND J. N. KNULL, Bureau of Plant
Industry, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
A collection of Agrilus belonging to the University of Minne-
sota was submitted to the authors for determination, through
Prof. J. G. Sanders, Director of the Pennsylvania Bureau of
Plant Industry. In identifying the material one species was
found which did not agree with any of the described members
of the genus, and though the kindness of Prof. H. H. Knight,
the authors were permitted to describe it.
Agrilus egeniformis n. sp.
Olive bronze, more shining below than above. Antennae reaching
the hind angles o>f the prothorax in the male, serrate from the fifth
joint. Vertex of head with a feeble median impression. Prothorax
wider than long, sides arcuate, hind angles rectangular with an oblique
carina, lateral margin deflexed in front, disk convex with two rather
shallow median impressions, lateral oblique depression prominent, sur-
face lightly transversely strigose. Scutellum transversely carinate, sur-
face granular. Elytra with sides sinuate near base, dilate behind mid-
dle, apices rounded and serrulate, surface imbricate, each elytron with
three pubescent spots, one at base, one in front of middle and one back
xxxiv, '23]
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
85
of middle. Prosternal lobe truncate, slightly emarginate. Abdomen
sparsely punctate, pygidium carinate, carina not prolonged, tarsal claws
broadly toothed at base. Length 4.5 mm.
$ j — Front more shining. A dense line of pubescence extending from
prosternum to end of second ventral segment. First and second ventral
segments of the abdomen impressed at middle.
9- — Prosternum not pubescent, ventral segments of the abdomen not
impressed at middle.
Superficially this species resembles A. fallax Say, but can
readily be separated from this species by the serrate fifth
antennal joint. According to Horn's key this species would
run to A. e genus Gory, but it is distinct from this species and
A. cclti Knull by the marked pubescent patches of the elytra
and by the structure of the male genitalia.
A
1
Outline drawings of the male genitalia of the lollowing species of Agrilus :
i. A. celti Knull; 2. A. egenus Gory; 3. A. egeni/ormis n. sp.
Although the adults of A. cc/cnus Gory, A. cclti Knull and
A. cgcnifonnis n. sp. approach each other in general appear-
ance, the genitalia of the males show striking differences which
are best shown by the accompanying outline drawings.
Described from a series labeled "Mo." in the collection of
the University of Minnesota, and from one specimen labeled
"Lawton, Oklahoma," collected by G. W-. Barber, and two
specimens labeled "West Pt., Nebraska, June," in the collection
of C. A. Frost. The authors are indebted to Mr. Frost for
the loan of his material. Type labeled "Mo." in the authors'
collection.
*G. H. Horn— Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. 18, p. 277-336, 1891.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1923.
A Possible Service to Entomologists.
It has been suggested that the NEWS might do a service to
working entomologists, especially those who have not access to
large libraries or to the rarer entomological books and papers,
by occasionally reprinting brief articles which never enjoyed a
large circulation. Such are some of the specific descriptions of
Thomas Say, S. S. Haldeman and others. Perhaps to repro-
duce these in the NEWS would be a real help to students. Un-
der present costs of publication, the NEWS could not increase its
pagination to include such reprintings, nor would it be fair to
greatly delay the appearance of new work by taking more than
a few pages per year for this purpose. We shall be glad to
receive expressions of opinion on this proposal from our read-
ers, as well as the titles of papers desirable to be reprinted,
should this idea be carried into execution.
Oxycnemus histrina on Fungus (Col.: Nitidulidae).
Mr. Charles Leng has advised me to publish a record capture of a
beetle found on the mushroom (Phallus iinpudicus-St'mk Horn Fungus)
which I collected at Mulhall Station, Virginia (near Washington)
on September 23. I wrote to Mr. Leng after consulting Dr. E. A.
Schwarz and Mr. Barbour of the National Museum in regard to the
advisability of recording this capture and the three seem to> agree
that it is quite unusual. The beetle in question is the Nitidulid beetle—
Oxycnemus histrina. In collecting this beetle, I came across one single,
mushroom and found it in a very decayed state. In the mushroom
itself, or better yet in the partial remains of the mushroom, I took
the astounding number of 38 specimens and had I wished to exterminate
the colony, very likely could have taken at least 75-100 more. All
three of the gentlemen whom 1 consulted agreed that this is by far a
record. Dr. Schwarz had never captured more than 3 on a single
plant and Leng had taken but 5 and both agreed that in most cases
not more than one specimen was to be found on a single plant. Blatchk \
says in his "Coleoptera Known to Occur in Indiana" that only one or
two specimens have ever been found on a single plant.
I should be pleased to hear further from collectors on this question.
It may be that I am mistaken in calling my case a record one.
MORTIMER L. J. HIGGINS, 1303 P St. Northwest, Washington, D. C.
86
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Notes and Ne^ws.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF
THE GLOBE
A Supplementary Note on Gomphus dilatatus (Odon. : Aeshnidae).
Mr. Philip Laurent, to whom I owe so much interesting Odonate
material, has given me a male Gomphus dilatatus Rambur, taken by
himself at Gunntown, Levy County, Florida, March 1-15, 1922. Its
capture was, consequently, subsequent to the publication of my recent
paper1 on this species and its allies. This male is the seventh of its
sex known to me.2 A comparison of it with such of my previous
material as is now available, viz.: the male from Suwanee Springs (?),
Florida, from which figs. 14, 15, 17 and 21 of my Plate XV were
drawn and the fragments from Amite River, Louisiana, shows some in-
teresting facts. When I drew my figure 21, I believed, from compari-
sons with lincatifrons and lastits, that the terminal filaments of the
penis of dilatatus were in reality as long as they are represented in my
figures 22 and 23 for 'lincatifrons and rastits respectively, and I there-
fore indicated them as broken, showing a part of their supposed length
by dotted lines. On relaxing the new Gunntown male, I carefully
extruded the penis, experiencing no difficulty in the operation, and
then found that it and the Suwanee (?) and the Amite River males
agree in possessing short terminal filaments to the penis. Their actual
length would be expressed by retaining only the first two pairs of dots
for each filament in my figure 21 and expunging the others. Each
filament in all three males terminates in a very acute point, very much
more slender than 'the filaments of lincatifrons and vastus at the same
distance from their bases.
This difference in the length of these filaments will thus constitute
another structural character in the male of dilatatus i's. lincatifrons and
vastus.
I also note that the Gunntown male has the tooth of the second
penis joint (ip of my figure 23) not as attenuate as apex, nor with the
slight ante-apical process, as shown in my figure 21, but is more as in
figure 22. The same statements are probably true for the Amite River
male although this tooth has been damaged.
The posterior margin of the vesicle of the penis, fully extended, of
the Gunntown male, measures 1.406 mm., which is .345 of the height of
the hind margin of abdominal segment 2. Corresponding figures for
a second male (paratype) of G. lincalifrons from the Tippecanoe River,
Indiana, are 1.48 mm. and .4 (cf. character 18, Trans, cited, p. 224).
'Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xlvii, pp. 221-232, pis. xiv.xv. Dec. 27, 1921.
2In addition to the five mentioned in my paper, /. c., pp. 225, 230, I
believe that there is still another in Mrs. A. T. Slosson's collection.
88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '23
Mr. Herbert Campion, of the British Museum of Natural History,
wrote me under date of August 21, 1922: "I have examined John
Abbot's coloured drawing (No. 14)3 of GompHus dilatatits with your
remarks on the species before me As regards the coloration of abdom-
inal segment 8, which is the subject of comment in your paper, there
is no indication of any middorsal line, but there is an anterolateral
yellow spot on each side, which, on the right side, at all events, is
continued backwards as a rather broad band to the posterior margin
of the segment. Segments 7 and 9 also have lateral yellow markings.
The thoracic pattern agrees very well with your fig. 13, except that
posteriorly, the junction between la and 2a is rounded, and not straight,
as shown by you."
PHILIP P. CALVERT.
Leucorhinia proxima at a High Altitude in Colorado (Odon. :
Libellulidae).
Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell recently presented to the collection of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia a male of this species
taken at Ward, Colorado, at a swamp, on July 1, 1922, by B. Hill.
Prof. Cockerell wrote : "Ward is 9230 feet altitude and so far as I can
find this is by far the highest altitude for the genus. Tillyard remarks
(Biol. Dragonflies. p. 315) on absence of Libellulinae at high altitudes,
so the record ought to be published."
In this connection we may recall the occurrence of Sympetrum
corruptum, of the same subfamily, at 11,000 and 13,000 ft. in Colorado
(Ent. News, xxvi, p. 119). PHILIP P. CALVERT.
Insects Taken at Hot Springs, Rotorua, New Zealand.
The past summer it was my good fortune to be associated with the
University of Iowa expedition to the Fiji Islands and New Zealand in
the capacity of entomologist and ornithologist. During the course
of my stay in New Zealand a side trip to the Rotorua district was
made and some collecting was indulged in there. The hot springs, so
alluring to all, were visited and some of the entomological findings are
here recorded briefly.
The center of the so-called thermal district in New Zealand is in
the North Island at Rotorua, which has a population, exclusive of the
tourists, of about 2000. Rotorua is about 170 miles, southeast of Auck-
land, 800 feet above sea level and has been the scene of a great amount
of volcanic and thermal activity, the sulphurous fumes and streets of
volcanic ash constantly reminding one of these occurrences. Owing
:iCf. Hagen, Stet. Ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 373, 1863; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist, xvi, p. 359, 1874.
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 89
tn the fact that the waters of the region possess certain curative prop-
erties, many hotels and bath houses are maintained for the accommoda-
tion of the public. Several of these are und.T government supervision.
At the north edge of the town, immediately facing Lake Rotorua,
is a native Maori village known as Ohinemutu and it was along the
lake shores in front of this village that the observations recorded below
were made. Here, hot or boiling water issues from the sandy ground
in the form of miniature geysers the water from them uniting shortly
to form numerous small pools and streams which ultimately flow into
Lake Rotorua. Some of these streams are as much as six inches in
depth while others are only one or two inches deep.
Certain insects seem to be attracted by the heated earth in tin-
vicinity of the bubbling hot water, the heat being great enough to be
felt through the soles of heavy collecting shoes as one walks over it.
If the insects on the sand are disturbed some jump or fall into the
hot water and are killed. A good many were thus taken from the
shallow streams as they were being carried to the lake a few yards
away. Covering the margins and bottoms of most of the streams
and pools, is a slimy dark green vegetable growth of varying thickness,
which serves as food for some kinds of insects and gives an added
incentive for them to visit the region.
On July 27 and again on July 31 several species of flies (Diptera)
were found in this situation ; one, a small blackish form was very abund-
ant on the warm sand. Another large, black, active species fed greedily
on the algae growing in the hot water and along its edge. In some
instances the flies rested on the surface of the water while feeding,
but if accidentally immersed in it they quickly succumbed, thus indicating
that they are not totally immune to the effects of the hot water. A
species of crane fly was also found feeding on the algae growing on
the hot sand.
Of Hemiptera, two species were taken; one, a small blackish heterop-
teran in both nymphal and adult stages, was found on the algae around
the hot springs, while small water striders glibly glided over the surface
apparently suffering no inconvenience from the heated supporting
medium.
In the water a species of small hydrophilid beetle ( Coleoptera ) as
well as its larva was taken and here, too, fly larvae were found breeding.
At least five species of insects representing three different and dis-
tinct orders were taken in, on or in the immediate vicinity of the hot
springs. In the case of those insects which breed in the water some
interesting items of ecological significance are suggested. Apparently
abundant food and a considerable freedom from enemies is afforded.
A constant temperature is maintained throughout the year so that the
need for a definite breeding season is eliminated although the climatic
90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '23
conditions of winter and summer are well marked. It would be inter-
esting to know to what degree, if any, these insects have changed
their nature by long and continued residence in the hot water. — DAYTON
S TONER, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Entomologische Mitteilungen.
Dr. Walther Horn, of the Deutsches Entomologisches Museum,
Berlin-Dahlem, Gossler-Str. 20, Germany, writes that his Museum
lacks financial support and is hardly able to continue its existence. The
publication which he issues, namely Entomologische Mitteilungen, is
critically feeling the financial conditions of Germany, and especially
the monetary exchange. Prices of printing have risen enormously,
and hopes for the future are very dim. On account of the condition
of the exchange, subscriptions to the journal when sent in German
marks are not welcome, because of the constant and extremely rapid
decline in value of the mark. Doctor Horn wishes that American sub-
scribers to the journal should send their subscription price ($1.25) in
American money; and if this is done, and if more subscriptions are
sent in, he hopes that the journal may be able to continue.
L. O. HOWARD.
An Interesting New Case of Phoresie (Heterop. : Coreidae; Hymen.:
Proctotrypidae).
Anoplocnemis curvipes is a Coreid which is very injurious to vegetable
crops, especially legumes, in the Belgian Congo. Lieut. Jean Ghesquiere,
Entomologist to the Belgian Congo, in a brief note in the Bulletin of
Agriculture of the Belgian Congo for 1921, of which he has just sent
me an author's extra, described the habits of an egg-parasite of this
bug, and they are extremely interesting. The parasite is not identified,
but is referred to as a Proctotrypid. From the illustration, it would
seem to be a Telcnoinus, or at least a Telenomine. Lieutenant Ghes-
quiere states that the parasite flies around over the plants which are
actively visited by the bug, and when a female parasite gets the
chance she jumps upon the pronotum or the top of the head of the
bug. She tries to find females especially, but, failing the females,
she will jump on the head of a male; never, however, will she mount
larvae or nymphs of the bug. If she finds herself on the head or back
of a male, at the moment when the bugs couple she passes to the
female. The egg-laying of the Anoplocnemis takes place a few min-
utes after coupling, and the parasite then leaves the adult bug, but
lays its eggs in the eggs which are laid. After egg-laying is completed,
she resumes her earlier position on the head of the female host. — L. O.
HOWARD, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 91
Hntomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.
The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring- north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. .Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Einto-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
2 — Transactions of The American Entomological Society, Phila-
delphia. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 5 — Psyche,
Cambridge, Mass. 10 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society
of Washington, D. C. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History,
London. 13 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal.
15 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D. C. 20 — Bulletin
de la Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 33 — Annales de la
Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels. 39— The Florida
Entomologist, Gainesville, Florida. 50 — Proceedings of the United
States National Museum. 52 — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 64 —
Parasitology, London. 67 — Le Naturaliste Canadian, Quebec. 68—
Science, Garrison on the Hudson, N. Y. 76 — Nature, London. 82—
The Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus, Ohio. 85 — The Journal of
Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 88 — Occasional Papers of the
Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 91 — The
Scientific Monthly, Lancaster, Pa. 92 — Archives de Zoologie
Experimental et Generale, Paris. 95 — Annales des Sciences
Naturelles, Paris, Zoologie. 98 — Annals of Tropical Medicine and
Parasitology, Liverpool. Ill — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin.
115 — Societas Entomologica, Stuttgart.
GENERAL. Essig, E. O. — Insect notes from Laguna Beach, Cal.
13, xiv, 75-8. Hartman, C. — Swarming insects simulating smoke.
68, Ivii, 149-50. Latour, B. — Insectes d'autrefois. 67, xlix, L27-31,
Martin & McKittrich. — A key for the identification of animal para-
sites found in the human feces. (Bui. Univ. Wisconsin, iv, 371-94,
1917). Muller, G. W. — Insektenlarven an wurzeln von \vu->erplan-
zen. (Mitt. Naturw. Ver. Neuvorpom. u. Rugen in Greifswald,
Merlin, xlviii, IJO-IT). Robson, G. C. — A note on the species as a
gene-complex. 11, xi, 111-1~>. Sharp, David — Obituary note of 10,
xxiv, :2(>r. Stiles, C. W. — Zoological nomenclature: Musca and Cal-
92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '23
liphora. 76, cxi, 113. Wheeler, W. M. — Social life among the
insects. VI. The termites or "white ants." 91, xvi, 1(50-77 (cont.)
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Burge, W. E.— A com-
parison of the catalase content of luminous and non-luminous insects.
(Abs-Bul. Nela Res. Lab. Gen. Elect. Co., Cleveland, Ohio, i, 448-9.)
Dehorne, A. — Determination du nombre des chromosomes dans les
larves de Corethra plumicornis. 92, Iviii, 25-30. Janet, C. — Consid-
erations sur 1'etre vivant. Pt. 2, L'individu la sexualite, la parthe-
nogenese et la mort, au poit de vue orthobiontique. Beauvais, 1921,
196pp. Kopec, S. — The influence of the system on the development
and regeneration of muscles and integument in insects. 85, xxxvii,
15-25.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. McDunnough, J.~
Notes on Canadian dragonflies for the season 1922. 4, liv, 255-7.
Nakahara, W. — Notes on the feeding habits of scorpion-flies. 5,
xxix, 212-13
Needham & Claassen. — The N. Am. species of the genus Acrone-
uria. 4, liv, 249-55. Watson, J. R. — On a collection of Thysanoptera
from Rabun Co., Georgia. A new thrips from citrus in Alabama.
39, vi, 33-9, 47-8; 45.
ORTHOPTERA. Hebard, M.— Dermaptera and Orthoptera from
the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. Pt. 1. 2, xlviii, 157-9(5. Hubbell, T.
H. — Notes on the Orthoptera of North Dakota. The Dermaptera
and Orthoptera of Berrien County, Michigan. 88, No. 113; No. 116.
Macfie, J. W. S. — Observations on the role of cockroaches in disease.
98, xvi, 441-48. Morse, A. P. — The European house cricket; hearth
cricket. 5, xxix, 225.
HEMIPTERA. Bergroth, E.— On some Neotropical Tingidae.
33, Ixii, 149-52. Drake, K. J. — Neotropical Tingitidae with descrip-
tions of three new genera and thirty-two n. sps. and var. (Mem.
Carnegie Mus., ix, 351-78.) Ferris, G. E. — Notes on Coccidae X. 4,
liv, 246-8. Hungerford, H. B. — Oxyhaemoglobin present in back-
swimmer, Buenoa margaritacea. 4, liv, 262-3. Hussey, R. F. —
Hemipterological notes. 5, xxix, 229-33. (Hemiptera from North
Dakota.) On some Hemiptera from Berrien Co., Michigan. 88, No.
115; No. US. Peneau, J. — Troisieme contribution a 1'etude des
metamorphoses des Hemipteres. (Bui. Soc. Sci. Nat. Quest de la
France. 1921, 35-43.) Poisson, R. — Armature genitale et squellette
chitineux de 1'organe copulateur chez les hemipteres aquatiques.
20, 1922, 269-74. Weiss & West. — Notes on Livia maculipennis. 5,
xxix, 226-9.
Knight, H. H.— The N. Am. species of Labops. 4, liv, 258-61.
Metcalf, Z. P.— On the genus Elidiptera. 4, liv, 263-4.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93
LEPIDOPTERA. Bowditch, F. C. — Notes on the gipsy moth in
my unsprayed woods at East Marion, Mass., 1922. 5, xxix, 213-16.
Hoffmann, C. C. — Restos de una Antigua del Norte cut re los lepi-
dopteros Mexicanos. (Rev. Mex. Biol., iii, 1-37.) Moore, S. — A list
of northern Michigan L. 88, Xo. 114. Schaus, W. — Notes on the
Neotropical Epipaschiinae, with descriptions of new g. and sps. 10,
xxiv, 208-41. New sps. of Hydriomena from Mexico and Guatemala.
15, x, 205-18.
DIPTERA. Akehurst, S. C. — Larva of Chaoborus crystalinus
(Corethra plumicornis). (Jour. R. Micros. Soc., 1922, 341-72.)
Aldrich, J. M. — The Neotropical muscoid genus Mesembrinella, and
other testaceous muscoid flies. 50, Ixii, Art. 11. Dyar, H. G. — Notes
on tropical American mosquitoes. 15, x, 188-90. Stiles, C. W. — Musca
Linnaeus, 1758, and Calliphora Desvoidy, 18:30. 68, Ivii, 17(5. Young,
C. J. — Notes on the bionomics of Stegomyia calopus, in Brazil. 98,
xvi, 389-406, 425-39. Warburton, C.— The warble-flies of cattle.
Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum. 64, xiv, 322-41.
Garret, C. B. D. — New sps. of Helomyzidae. 15, x, 175-7.
COLEOPTERA. Bounoure, L.— Anomalie d'une larve de "Dytis-
cus." 95, v, 391-97. Burke, Hartman, & Snyder. — The lead-cable
borer or "short-circuit beetle" in California. (U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Bull. 1107.) Dabbert, H. — Ein hermaphrodit von Dytiscus margin-
alis. 115, xxxviii, 1-3. Fisher, W. S. — The leaf and twig mining
buprestid beetles of Mexico and Central America. 50, Ixii, Art. 8.
Herrera, M. — Breve monografia del Megasoma elephas. (Secret.
Agric. y. Fomento. Uirec. Estudios Biol., Mexico. 1922. 16pp.)
Macnamara, C. Tiger beetle larvae. 4, liv.. 241-6. Obanberger, J.—
Beitrage zur kenntnis der Buprestiden. Ill, 1922, A, 12, (54-168.
HYMENOPTERA. Browne, F. B.— On the life-history of Melit-
tobia ascasta: a chalcid parasite of bees and wasps. 64, xiv, 349-70.
Cresson, E. T., Jr. — The Bassett types of Cynipidae. 2, xlviii, 197-
203. Cushman, R. A. — The identity of Ichneumon coccinellae. 10,
xxiv, 241-2. Enderlein, G. — Beitrage zur kenntnis dcr Copeognathen
VII. 52, Iv, 245-8. Gennerich, J. — Morphologische mid biologische
untersuchungen der putzapparate der H. Ill, 1922, A, 12, 1-63.
Hartley, E. A. — Some bionomics of Aphelinus seminavus, chalcid
parasite of aphids. 82, xxii, 209-36. Plath, O. E. — Notes on tin-
nesting habits of several N. Am. bumble bees. 5, xxix, 189-202.
Smulyan, M. T. — New England sawflies of the genus Tenthredella.
(Proc. Boston Soc. N. H., xxxvi, 383-465.) Stuart, M. — Amber and
the dammar of living bees. 76, cxi, 83-4. Wheeler & Chapman—
The mating of Diacamma. 5, xxix, 203-211.
94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | Mar., '23
INSECTS OF ECUADOR.
CATALOG SISTEMATICO Y SINONIMICO DE LOS ODONATOS DEL ECUADOR.
For el Prof. FRANCISCO CAMPOS R., Zoologo del Estado (1905), Cated-
ratico de Ciencias Naturales y Cosmografia en el Colegio Nacional
Vicente Rocafuerte. Revista, Coleg. Nac. Vic. Rocafuerte, Guayaquil,
Ano IV., Nums. 8 y 9, pp. 1-75, lam. 1-3. June— September, 1922.
For the past twenty-two years the author has occupied the chair of
natural history in the College of Vicente Rocafuerte at Guayaquil and
has devoted his free hours from professional duties to the cultivation
of entomology. Papers by him on Heteroptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera,
Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera and Euplexoptera of
Ecuador have appeared in earlier numbers of the Revista of the College
from 1919 on. In the study of all of these groups he has sought the
assistance of specialists in America and in Europe to determine the
material which he and his friends have collected in the Republic of
the Equator.
The present catalog embraces 126 species of Odonata, without in-
cluding varieties and doubtful forms, belonging to 54 genera. Seven
species are indicated from the Galapagos Islands, three were described
as new from the author's material, 5 are still to be described and
52 were not recorded from Ecuador previous to their collection by the
author. 'Many other species,' he adds, 'must surely inhabit the country,
since they are mentioned from bordering regions, but I have preferred
to omit these from my catalog, signalizing only those for which there
are definite evidences of capture in the national territory.' Species
reported from Ecuador in the existing literature, or whose occurrence
therein rests on manuscript communications to the author by specialists,
have, of course, been included, although many of these species are simply
recorded as from "Ecuador." A list of Ecuadorian localities, with
their altitudes in meters, chiefly those at which the author and his
friends have collected, is given on pages 9 and 10. It consists of
29 localities in western Ecuador, 5 to 1280 meters, 14 in interandine
Ecuador, 2588-3288 meters, and 3 in eastern Ecuador, 440-1800 meters.
Under each species is given the bibliographical references, including
synonyms, the localities and months in Ecuador and not infrequently
a note on habits. There are three half-tone plates showing the facies of
9 snecies of Zygoptera, 6 Aeschnidae and 10 Libellulidae, respectively.
We congratulate Prof. Campos on the publication of his catalog
and hope that lie may for many years continue his studies and enlarge
still more our knowledge of the Odonata of his country.
Prof. Campos' ESTUPIOS SOBRE LA FAUNA ENTOMOLOGICA DEL ECUADOR.
3. COLEOPTEROS occupies pages 24-100 of the same Revista for December,
1921, and lists 548 species of 342 genera belonging to 62 families, from
the literature and from his own collections. Three half-tone plates
reproduce photographs of 28 species. Nos. 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the
ESTUDIOS were published in the Rci'ista, Ano IV, Num. 7, for March,
1922, and deal respectively with the Hymenoptera (pp. 54-71, 2 half-tone
plates of 13 spp.), 113 species of 50 genera ; ''Neuroptera (pp. 71-73,
1 half-tone plate of 2 spp.). 14 spp. of Myrmeleonidae and Ascalaphidae ;
Trichoptera (p. 74), 2 spp. and Euplexoptera (pp. 74-77), 18 spp.
PHILIP P. CALVERT.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95
Doings of Societies.
Entomological Section, The Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia.
Meeting of September 28, 1922. Nine persons present. Director
Laurent presiding. Air. Frank R. Mason was elected a member.
LEPIDOPTERA. — Mr. Williams exhibited drawings of the male genitalia
of the North American species of Hcspcria and allied genera, and made
some remarks on the strong characters presented by these organs and
their value in determining species.
ODONATA. — Dr. Calvert presented eight specimens of Odonata from
New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the collection. He also exhibited
a male of Gomphus dilatatus Rambur, collected by Mr. Philip Laurent,
at Gunntown, Florida, March 1-15, 1922, and remarked on the specific
characters furnished by the terminal filaments of the penis. [Published
in detail on page 87 of this number of the NEWS."] He also read a
passage from "Our Search for a Wilderness," by M. B. and C. W.
Beebe, describing a species of Mccistogastcr capturing spiders in British
Guiana, and exhibited a Megaloprepus cocntlatns from Costa Rica
which had a spider in its mouth at the time of capture ; also a
microscopic slide of the excrement of another M. coerulatus from the
same country, in which a bit of the last tarsal joint and claws of a
spider were visible.
Meeting of November 16. 1922. Director Philip Laurent in the chair.
Nine persons present.
DIPLOPODA. — Dr. Skinner read a letter about an infestation by milli-
pedes of a house at Haverford. Mr. Kisliuk reported an infestation
of a field of imported bleeding-hearts by this pest working in the roots
and destroying the entire planting.
LEPIDOPTERA. — Mr. Williams spoke about some more of his researches
in the lepidopterous family Hesperiidae, showing some important geni-
talic characteristics by lantern projection of microscopic mounts.
DIPTERA. — Mr. Cresson made some comments on the more conspicuous
genitalic structures in the dipterous family Micropezidae, illustrating
his remarks by lantern projection of drawings. Mr. Laurent commented
on the diversity of terms used for the same parts of the genitalic
structure. — E. T. CRESSON, JR., Recorder.
The American Entomological Society.
Meeting of October 19, 1(>22. in the hall of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia. Dr. Henry Skinner, president, in the chair.
Eleven persons present.
Mr. Cresson reported the following additions to the collection : 25
specimens (14 species) Hemiptera (Aradidae), United States, C. W.
Drake; 23 specimens (12 species, 15 paratypes) Diptera Dolichopodi-
96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '23
dae) United States, M. C. Van Duzee ; 11 specimens Diptera from
Florida, Philip Laurent ; Paratype of Zorotypus szvczeyi. Cauden, A. N.
Caudell ; 2 paratypes of two species Diptera from Illinois; 2 paratypes
of 3 species Evaniidae from Peru; 3 Hymenoptera, Illinois and Peru,
T. H. Prison; 2 paratypes of Brcmus kirbyellns ale.vandcri, Brcmiis
syk'icola Inlzii, from United States, T. H. Prison ; 2 specimens Celcris
calida Butler, Lep. 15 specimens Crabro destructor from Hawaiian
Islands, F. X. Williams, 1 Diptera, Orophoro tou'iiscndi Bez., type from
Peru; 14 Diptera Trypetidae determined from Africa, Prof. M. Bezzi ; 8
specimens (4 species) Drosophila (Diptera) Penna., Dr. P. P. Calvert ;
5 specimens Lont/itarsus subntfus LeC. from Penna., F. M. Craighead ;
1 photo of Frank R. Mason ; 6 copy books containing numerous letters
to entomologists and many other letters from entomologists to Mr.
H. F. Bassett from his daughter, Mrs. Howard W. Ford ; 78 photo-
graphs of entomologists purchased from Deutsche Entomologische
Institut, Berlin.
ORTHOPTERA. — -Mr. Rehn made- a few remarks on the rarity of a fissate
condition of the pronotum in the Blattidae. The speaker exhibited
the genera Schigopilia and Schistopeltis of the Panchlorinae, which
possess such fissations, while tendencies toward this type, as found in
several related genera, were also pointed out.
LEPIDOPTERA. — Mr. Bayliss reported the capture of A pat lira celtis
(Lep.) at Burlington, New Jersey, this species not being recorded in
Smith's list.
COLEOPTERA. — He exhibited a fine collection of the local Cicindela
(Coleop.)
DIPTERA. — Mr. Kisliuk reported the presence of the Lesser Bulb fly
larvae on Narcissus bulbs imported from Holland and exhibited adults
and pupa of Enincnis strigatits, Falx (Dipt). Shipments of the plants
were held up and thoroughly fumigated and action taken to prevent
the introduction of the insect in this manner.
Mr. Rehn made some interesting remarks in regard to his last
collecting trip with Mr. Hebard, particularly in Arizona.
R. C. WILLIAMS, Recording Secretary.
Meeting of December 11, 1922, in the same hall. Dr. Skinner pre-
siding. Twelve persons present.
The annual reports were read and the following were elected to
serve as officers and committees for 1923: President, Henry Skinner;
Vice-President, J. A. G. Rehn ; Corresponding Secretary, Morgan Heb-
ard ; Recording Secretary. R. C. Williams; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson.
Publication Committee, J. A. G. Rehn, Chairman, E. T. Cresson, P. P.
Calvert; Finance Committee . Morgan Hebard, Chairman, D. M. Castle,
J. A. G. Rehn; Property Committee, E. T. Cresson, Jr., Morgan Heb-
ard, Philip Laurent. — J. A. G. REHN, Recording Secretary, pro tern.
Have the Following Entomological Literature For Sale or
exchange. Complete with Index and unbound
unless otherwise noted:
Journal Economic Entomology, I to VII ; Pomona College
Journal Entomology, I to IV; Psyche, VI and VII, bound 2 vols.
Y± leather ; Proceedings Entomological Society Washington, XVII
to XIX and XX except index ; Journal Economic Biology (Lon-
don) VI ; Entomologists Monthly Magazine XXII ; Zeitschrift fur
wissen^chaftliche Insektenbiologie VIII and IX ; Review Applied
Entomology Ser. A and B IV and V, VI except index ; Insect Life III.
Need American Entomologist III (N. S. I.) No. 12; Bulletin Brooklyn
Entomological Society VI, VIII, IX and X No. 2 and index; Ann. Repts,
Entomological Society Ontario, II, III, IV, IX; Entomologica Americana,
VI ; U. S. D. A. Bureau of Entomology bulletins, old series, 2, 3, 9, 20, 33.
Address Department of Entomology, Oregon Agric. College, Corvallis, Ore.
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THE REVIEW OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY
Published monthly. Containing reviews of current work"; on Economic Entomology throughout
the world. Published in two series, "A" deali g with insect pests of cultivated plants, and
"B" dealing with insects conveying disease or otherwise injurious to man and animals.
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Rhopalocera and Heterocera of the North Argentine.
Good species and first-class specimens, write to
BODOLFO SCHRIETER,
Tucuman, Argentine, calle 24 de Setiembre l.'iTUr.
References by Mr. B. Preston Clark, Boston, Massachusetts, Kilby Street 55.
NATAL BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS
Mr. G. F. Leigh is open to supply the above in perfect condition,
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NEW ARRIVALS
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andraemon Erinyis guttalaris
celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.
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Over 5000 Lepidoptera
200 Dynastes hercules
From New Guinea
2000 Coleoptera
200 Orthoptera
From Assam, India:
1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDINC
Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis
philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi
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APRIL, 1923
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXIV
No. 4
WILLIAM HARRIS ASHMEAD
i "55-1908
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.
HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE:
EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. REHN,
PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL.
PHILADELPHIA. PA.
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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIV.
Plate III.
PSYCHE WATSON I
THYRIDOPTERYX VERNALIS
TWO NEW PSYCHIDS.-JONES.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA
VOL. XXXIV
APRIL, 1923
No. 4
CONTENTS
Jones— Variation in Thyridopteryx :
Two New Psychids (Lep. : Psy-
chidae) 97
Weiss and Lott— Notes on Rnodobae-
nus i3-punctatus (111.), the Cockle-
Bur Bill- Bug (Col.) 103
MacGillivray— The Anal Veins in the
Wings of Diptera 106
Hoffman— Observations on the Occur-
rence and Biology of Triatoma flavi-
da in Cuba ( Heterop.: Reduviidae. ) in
Brimley — Additional Records of Lepi-
doptera from North Carolina. I.
Papilionidae to Noctuidae both
Inclusive 1 13
Craighead— Life-History of, and Notes
on, Certain Chrysomelidae (Col.).. 118
Knight — Manuals of Hemiptera in
Preparation 121
Editorial — The Number of Living In-
sects 122
Lindsey — New Names in the Order
Lepidoptera 123
Lindsey — On the Authorship of the En-
cyclopedic M£thodique, Vol. IX.
A Correction ( Lepid. ) 123
Preservation of Rare Species 124
Entomological Literature 124
Review of Folsom's Entomology, 3rd
p:dition 127
Obituary of Dr. K. Kertesz 128
Variation in Thyridopteryx : Two New Psychids
(Lepid. : Psychidae).
By FRANK MORTON JONES, Wilmington, Delaware.
(Plates III, IV.)
In the Psvchidac, wing-venation of the male has been largely
employed in the characterization of species, genera and sub-
families; but when, judged by this character, we not infre-
quently reach the absurdity that one-half of an insect falls to
one species, genus, or sub-family, the other half to another
genus or even to another sub-family, it becomes apparent that
until we determine, for a given species, the prevalence and
extent of such variation, this character considered alone mu-t
be most inconclusive and unsatisfactory.
Of our North American Psychids probably no species is more
variable than Th\ridoplcr\.\- ephemerae formis Haw. The fol
97
98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
lowing notes on this species are based on the examination of
fifty males, from a considerable range of food-plants and locali-
ties, the specimens taken at random from the breedings of a
period of ten years. It is confidently believed that a single
species only is represented in this material, and this belief is
not modified by the extreme variability of structure manifested,
for the full range of variation in any one venational character
is not infrequently exhibited in a single asymmetrical insect.
If we consider Comstock's figure to represent the normal
venation of ephemeraeformis, he shows an 11-7 veined insect
with R$ and Rj. (9 and 8) of primaries stemmed to the
cell, Mz+Mj (5 and 4) of both wings coincident, Sc+Ri (8)
of secondaries stemmed with Rs (7) — then of the fifty exam-
ples studied, seventeen, or only 34%, approximate the normal
venation (Plate IV, figs. 1 and 3).
With regard to the number of veins reaching the wing-margin, the
most common variation is in the divergence of the normally coincident
4 + 5 of primaries (Plate IV, fig. 6), eight examples of the fifty
showing these veins divergent at the margin, stemmed to the cell, on
one or both primaries, and three showing these veins of secondaries
(fig. 4) similarly divergent and stemmed. One example (fig. 9) shows
vein 2, another (fig. 6) vein 6, forked at the margin on one primary;
one lacks vein 9 (fig. 5) on one primary, another (fig. 10) vein 11;
and several show vein 6 completely fading out before reaching the
margin. In three examples (fig. 2) vein 7 on one primary is stemmed
to the stem of 8 and 9, and in one example 10 is stemmed to the stem
of 8 and 9; in two, a spur from the cubitus toward the anal veins (fig.
9) partly closes a cell bounded by these veins; in one example (fig. 5)
vein Ic (Comstock's 1st Anal) of primaries, usually a short internal
spur and often scarcely visible, is strongly developed to the outer margin.
On the secondaries, two examples (not illustrated) show on one side
vein 6 entirely absent from cell to margin, and one example shows this
vein absent on both secondaries; veins 7 and 8, normally slightly to
widely divergent at margin, are rarely coincident from cell to margin,
as shown in fig. 11 (z'crnalis) ; and the basal portions of these veins,
in ten of the fifty, are modified as illustrated in figure 7 or figure 8,
on one or both sides.
The primaries of seven of the fifty (figs. 9 and 10) show from one
to four accessory cells formed by veins 10 and 11, 7, 8, 9, and 10, or
even by 6 and 7, these cells usually occurring in one wing only. Figure
9 is a composite of the right and left primaries of the same individual;
figure 10 is drawn from two examples, one lacking vein 11, the other
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
with 6 and 7 forming an accessory cell ; all the other figures of venation
are traced from individual wings. Whenever necessary for study, the
wings were cleared with a brush and examined dry, — not chemically
bleached and mounted in balsam, the latter method frequently causing
the disappearance of weak veins.
A composite to exhibit the maximum complexity of venation
indicated by the variations in these fifty specimens, counting- the
anal veins as one, and numbering consecutively all the others
running to the margin, would show a 14-8 veined insect with a
whole series of accessory cells ; a composite to show the mini-
mum venation indicated, a 9-5 veined insect with no accessory
cell. It would be difficult to assign phylogenetic significance to
many of these variations. Perhaps the most significant is the
frequent furcation of 4-J-5, indicating the correct identification
by Comstock of the normally missing vein of ephemeraeformis
as M2 (5), not Mi (6).
Size, wing shape, density of scaling, number of antennal
joints, leg armature, form and chitinization of the abdominal
plates, to some extent the genitalia, share in the structural vari-
ability of this insect ; so that several fictitious species might
excusably be characterized, or a closely related insect escape
detection, in this remarkable medley of structural variation. In
the belief that the latter actually has occurred, it is here pro-
posed to describe a form which has been under observation for
many years, and which certainly deserves a name.
Few caterpillars have a longer list of observed food-plants
than ephemeraeformis, for though it shows preference by espe-
cially abounding on arbor-vitae, cedar, willow, sassafras, locust,
persimmon, button-ball, and many other trees and shru'
lacking these it seems to thrive even on herbaceous plants. Its
familiar life-cycle, described so frequently in the extensive liter-
ature of the species, is that of a single-brooded insect, emerging
in the late summer or the fall, and passing the winter in the e
stage only. The systematic winter examination of hundred •
the "baskets" indicates the invariability of this life-cyrle. at
least in the more northern distribution of the species. In dis-
tinction from this polyphagcms habit and this life-cycle, fi
southern Delaware to Georgia a related insect has been re-
100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
peatedly observed upon a single food-plant and which hiber-
nates as a larva, completing its transformations in the spring.
For this insect is proposed the name of
Thyridopteryx vernalis n. sp. (Plates III; IV, figs. 11, 12).
Larval case, affixed for pupation. — Length 38-50 mm. ; diameter 8-9
mm. in the <$ , 11 mm. in the 9 ; frequently affixed to the bark of the
tree, often near the base of the trunk, by a flat button of silk, and rarely
expanding the button into a twig-encircling band as in ephemeraeformis;
the case of the $ is longer and proportionately more slender than is
usual in ephemeraeformis, and the lower extremity, until stretched by
the emerging moth, is contracted into a tail-like appendage ; fine particles
of bark are extensively incorporated into the silk composing the case,
and the larger particles attached externally are usually flakes of bark
or bits of lichen, rather than of leaf. In neither sex is the shape and
texture of the case obscured by this attached material, as is so com-
monly the condition in ephemeraeformis.
Adult $ . — Expanse 25 mm. ; in appearance very similar to cphcuicrae-
fnrinis; the collar is usually conspicuously and contrastingly gray,
the patagia sometimes mixed with gray ; in shape and venation the
primaries resemble those of ephemeraeformis, two of five examples
showing 4 + 5 furcate at the margin, and none showing accessory cells ;
the secondaries are usually proportionately smaller than is common in
ephemeraeformis, with highly arched costa and rounded rather than
angulated outer margin ; the venation of secondaries may duplicate that
of normal ephemeraeformis, but in two out of five examples the course
of vein 7 (the apparent 6th vein) is as in figure 12, and in one example
as in figure 11, neither of these being duplicated in the fifty specimens
of cphciiicnicfonins with which they were compared; in rentalis, 7 and
8 of secondaries are usually 'coincident from cell to margin, and are
very rarely so in ephemeraeformis. The genitalia are not obviously
different from those of ephemeraeformis; but the dorsal abdominal
plates, in the material examined, are conspicuously narrower than in
that species.
Described and illustrated from five adult males and many
larval cases. Type locality: Seaford, Sussex County, Delaware ;
emergences in May, from cases collected at Seaford, Delaware :
Tilghman's Island, Saulsbury, and Ocean City, Maryland ;
Chincoteague Island, Virginia ; the characteristic cases were
also collected at Summerville, South Carolina, and Tallulah
Falls, Georgia. The type material is in the collection of the
author. Food-plant, Finns rigida (and probably related pines,
not distinguished).
'23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 101
Larvae were obtained in the late summer and in the autumn,
and in some numbers and of various ages were successfully
carried through the winter, but none lived to complete their
transformations after becoming active in the spring. All the
adults secured were from cases gathered in the open and after
pupation, in April or May. This insect has thus been under
occasional observation since 1892. The repeated evidence of its
spring emergence, its consistently characteristic larval case and
single food-plant, seem fairly conclusive of its specific distinct-
ness, aside from the color and structural characters which
usually serve to separate it from ephemeraeformis; if further
study of the latter species, especially in its southern and south-
western distribution, should necessitate a change of status, the
name irrmilis may properly be applied to the spring-emerging
gray-collared form here described as distinct.
Among the insects collected in Haiti in the spring of 1922 by
Mr. F. E. Watson, of the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, were numerous specimens of a small Psychid found feed-
ing upon the leaves of the Sea-grape, Coccolobis. Included in
this material were old cases spun fast for pupation, and living
larvae of various ages. The latter, brought to this country in
April, accepted a variety of food-plants including leaves of
maple and rose, and upon rose a few were carried through to
maturity. Averaging slightly larger but otherwise resembling
our Psyche (Platocccticus) glovcri Packard, this insect presents
structural characters conclusively separating it from that
species, nor does it seem to be among the few Psychids recorded
from the West Indies, and for it is proposed the name of
Psyche watsoni n. sp. (Plates III. IV; figs. 13-15, 17, 19.)
Larval case. — 15-20 mm. in length ; widest at the middle, tapering
toward both ends; of grayish silk and of rather smooth texture, more or
less decorated with small fragments of leaf or bark, irregularly applied;
in some examples these completely cover the silk, usually without
obscuring the shape of the case ; in others the pale gray silk is only
flecked with minute particles of extraneous matter.
Lan-a, last stage (PI. IV, fig. 14).— Length 13-20 mm; width of head
1.6 mm. Dark brown; the head and the heavily chitinixed portions of
the thoracic segments are pale (almost white) with dark brown dots
and foliaceous bars, much as in Oikcticus. The upper portion of the
102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
front is pale, conspicuously outlined laterally by the dark frontal sutures,
and below by the dark brown clypeus, from which an upward extension
of the dark area surrounds each of the two frontal setae, leaving the
pale area of the front symmetrically arrow-shaped ; the frontal punctures
are included in a double brown dot ; the ventral margin of the clypeus
and the antennal basal cones are pale, the labrum and the distal portions
of the antennae ferruginous. The frontal setae are well below the level
of the frontal punctures, and the 2nd adfrontals are slightly above the
punctures.
Pupa of $ (PL IV, fig. 19). — Length 8-10 mm. ; reddish amber brown,
darker on the distal portion of the wings, and almost black on the
caudal margins of abdominal segments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, on each of
these segments forming a broad well-defined dark ring about the
abdomen ; the wings extend ventrally almost to the cephalic margin of
the 4th abdominal segment ; the antennae and the prothoracic legs
terminate opposite the caudal margin of the first abdominal segment ;
a dorsocephalic spiny ridge, the teeth directed cauded, is present on
segments 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, ihe ridge shortened but the teeth enlarged
on 8; of segments 3, 4 and 5 (sometimes vestigally on 2) each bears
a dorsocaudal row of fine short spines, their points bent cephalad ; the
caudal thorns are weak and are not darkened, and the spiracles are
raised slightly above the body surface.
Compared with the pupa of glovcri Packard, imtsoai has longer
maxillae (Mosher nomenclature), these exceeding the labial palpi by
nearly half their length.
Pupa of $ .—Length 11-13 mm.; bright mahogany brown, the caudal
margins of the free abdominal segments black and conspicuously con-
trasting.
Adult $. — Expanse 15-20 mm. A sooty black opaque-winged species
of rather slender build, the abdomen in dried examples equalling or
slightly exceeding the secondaries. The antennae are dark, broadly
bipectinate, and have about 31 joints; compared with /<>;vn", the
antennae of watsoni (fig. 15) are longer, more broadly pectinated, and
have greater number of joints; the pectinations are smooth surfaced, —
not irregularly cross-striate as in glovcri, — and the hairs which clothe
the pectinations are longer and finer and are more regularly arranged
in spaced rows, — not short, stubby and irregularly placed (fig. 16) as
in glovcri. The fore tibiae are not spined. The genitalia of watsoni,
(fig. 17) especially the saccus, are proportionately longer and narrower
than those of glovcri, and the furcations of the "8th sternite" plate are
tapering, pointed, and regularly divergent in watsoni, — in ylovcri (fig.
18) more uniformly narrow and at their extremities rounded and
spoon-like.
The costa of primaries is arched, the apex rather acute ; the second-
aries rounded. The primaries have twelve veins; 4 and 5 are stemmed
ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIV.
Plate IV.
19
THYRIDOPTERYX EPHEMERAEFORMIS, 1-10; T. VERNALIS, 11-12; PSYCHE
WATSONI, 13-15,17,19; PS. GLOVERI,16,18.— JONES.
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 103
to the cell ; 8 and 9 are stemmed, and 7 may proceed from the same
point on the cell, or may be shortly stemmed to the stem of 8 and 9.
The secondaries have eight veins, with 4 and 5 shortly stemmed or
from a common point ; 7 and 8 are not usually connected. The anal
veins of primaries send one short branch to the inner margin at about
one-fourth the wing length from the base, and coalesce beyond the
middle of the wing. The venation of z^atsoni (fig. 13) is thus sub-
stantially identical with that usually presented by tjlurcri Pack., which,
contrary to Packard's characterization of the genus Platocccticits, is
more frequently 12-8 than 12-7.
Described and illustrated from live males, bred from larvae
collected in April, 1922, by Air. F. E. Watson, at Aux Cayes,
Fort Ilet District, Haiti, and emerging as adults May 22 to
September 1, 1922. The type and type material are deposited
in the American Museum of Natural History, New York. Tin's
insect is named in honor of its collector, through whose kind-
ness the author has been permitted to examine and describe it.
Acknowledgment is also due to the Rev. C. R. N. Burrows,
of Stanford-le-Hcpe, England, whose prolonged study of the
palaearctic Psychidac is providing a basis for the intelligent use
of the genitalia and the abdominal plates in the classification of
this difficult group, and who has most generously, in advance of
publication, placed all of his results at our disposal.
Notes on Rhodobaenus 13-punctatus (111.), the
Cockle-Bur Bill-Bug (Col.).
By HARRY B. WEISS and RALPH B. LOTT. Highland Park,
New Jersey.
This species which is listed by Smith (Ins. N. J., p. 397) as
occurring throughout New Jersey and breeding in the stems of
a variety of weeds such as Ambrosia, Heliant/uts, Oeiiothcni.
Xantliiinn, etc.. was made the subject of some observations
during the summer of 1922 and the following notes represent
our summarized findings :
The adult overwinters and in the central part of New Jersey
(Monmouth Junction) eggs are plentiful in the field during the
first two weeks of June, although newly hatched larvae can be
found during the first week of June. The adults do consider-
104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
able feeding at this time, puncturing the stems and bases of the
leaf petioles which injured places later turn black and become
distorted. All of our observations were confined to iron weed
(Vernonia noveboracensis) as other weeds did not appear to be
infested. In addition to Smith's host records, Riley (3rd Ann.
Rept. Nox. Ben. Other Ins. Mo., 1870 (1871), p. 60) also men-
tions Xanthiiuii strwmarium, the common cockle-bur. Chitten-
den mentions Eupatorium perfoliatum, Polymnia nvcdaliu .
Cirsinm and Silphimn in addition to those already listed (Bull.
22, U. S. Div. Ent. 1900). Webster (Bull. 40. Div. Ent. U. S.
D'ept. Agric., 1903) records the adult as feeding- on the half-
ripe seeds of the garden sunflower and the larvae as burrowing
in the stalk. It is therefore evident that the species is more or
less of a general feeder within a wide range of plants.
In ironweed most of the eggs appear to be deposited in the
upper portion of the young stem. The egg cavity is a rather
shallow, longitudinal cavity. In this depression will be found
what appears to be a wisp of shredded tissue anchored to each
end of the cavity and in the central part of this wisp is the
elongate, whitish egg. Usually the wisp of tissue and the sides
of the cavity become black and are more or less soiled with
excrement. After hatching, the larva bores up the centre of the
stem for a short distance and then downward, the entire larval
cavity reaching an average length of about twelve inches. Many
infested stems contain small openings full of grass and it is quite
likely that these are made by the larva for the purpose of getting
rid of borings, etc., as the larval cavities were comparatively
free from such materials. Only one larva was found to a stem.
By the first week of August many larvae are full grown and
some have pupated. The pupal chamber, which is from one to
one and one-half inches long, is usually located in the middle of
the larval cavity and separated from it by closely packed borings.
About the last of August and beginning of September adults ap-
pear, escaping through circular openings in the sides of the
stems.
Eg
chitinous hairs near lower edge, one on each side near angles. Clypeus
t;ansverse, light brown. Labrum with anterior edge arcuate and fringed
with closely placed short, chitinous hairs ; two hairs arising from middle
surface of labrum. Ocelli convex, lenticular, on front margin of head.
Antennae minute, single jointed, almost obsolete. Gula indistinct, mem-
braneous. Labium with mentuin and submentum fused, anterior edge
circular, terminating in an acute point posteriorly. Labial palpi short,
two-jointed. Maxilla bearing several chitinous hairs, fused with labium
to near apex; maxillary palpi two-jointed, first joint barrel-shaped, apical
joint minute; galea absent; lacinia fringed with short chitinous hairs on
inner surface. Mandibles triangular, broad across base, slightly bifid at
tip.
Thoracic segments slightly compressed rather short. Prothoracic seg-
ment slightly embrowned dorsally. Thoracic and abdominal segments
transversely wrinkled, each with three dorsal plicae.
Abdominal segments four, five and six sometimes somewhat swollen
and constituting the widest part of the body. Last two abdominal seg-
ments slantingly truncate dorsally, penultimate one bearing two oval
brownish areas, each enclosing two or three black, thread-like marks ;
between these oval areas is a slight, broad elevation bearing two chitinous
hairs. On lateral side of each oval area is a large broad tubercular ele-
vation bearing two setae ; anterior to each oval area is a transverse
tubercular area bearing two chitinous hairs, one on either side of a
median line. Ultimate segment bearing eight chitinous hairs in groups
of four each on either side of middle. True legs absent, indicated by
ambulatory tubercles, each bearing four comparatively long hairs and
sometimes several short ones. Cerci absent. Hairs on head and pos-
terior abdominal segments are the longest. Length of larva about 13
mm. Greatest width about 4 mm.
Pupa. Creamy white. Elongate, subcylindrical, third and fourth ab-
dominal segments sometimes wider than remaining abdominal segments
or thoracic segments. Head bearing a single pair of chitinous hairs near
anterior edge. Beak bearing three pairs of chitinous hairs, one pair
above and one small pair below antennal insertion and one pair at the
antennal insertion, several minute hairs present. Antennal cases oblique,
reaching to near the ends of the femora of the first pair of legs.
Femora of all pairs of legs bearing a short chitinous hair near distal
end. Prothorax bearing a transverse row of six chitinous hairs situ-
ated about one-half way between anterior and posterior edges; posterio\
to this row, on each side and nearer the posterior and lateral edges are
two closely placed hairs. Mesothorax bearing a diagonal row of three
106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
hairs on each side of a median line and several scattered, smaller ones.
Metathorax with a transverse row of chitinous hairs, three on either side
of a median shallow depression.
Abdominal segments each bear a row of dorsal, transversely placed
chitinous hairs, four of them being closely placed on either side of middle
on all but seventh segment which bears three closely placed ones. Ulti-
mate segment with two lateral tubercles each bearing a group of four
long, chitinous, downwardly directed hairs. All hairs becoming longer
posteriorly. Large lateral spiracle on prothorax. Length of pupa about
10 mm. Width, 3-4 mm.
Adult. This was described by Illiger in 1791 ( Schneid. Mag.
V. 1791, 613). Blatchley and Leng (Rhyn. N. E. Amer. 1916,
p. 550) give a redescription of the beetle and state that it occurs
over the entire United States. In Leng's "Catalogue of the
Coleoptera of America North of Mexico," two varieties based
on color are listed, these being pulchellus (Schon.) and quinque-
punctatus (Say). The species is variable insofar as its spots
are concerned and this variation is probably responsible for the
nine synonyms listed in this catalogue. Chittenden (loc. cit.)
has observed two chalcidid parasites, one being Habrocytus
rhodobaeni Ash.
The Anal Veins in the Wings of Diptera.f
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, Urbana, Illinois.
The students of Diptera as a rule recognize only a single
anal vein. Some exception is found to this in the superfamily
Tipuloidea where most, if not all, species have at least two
easily recognized anal veins. To the first of these Osten-
Sacken applied the name of axillary and to the second the name
of spurious. This terminology is used by Williston in the
last edition of his Manual.
Osten-Sacken, although he figures the wings of forty species
of Tipuliclae, shows in only a few cases an additional anal
vein to the two just named and one of these figures, the wings
of Gnophomyia tristissima, is the only figure of a tipulid wing
showing this additional anal vein accurately.
Needham, in his paper on the wings of the Tipulidae, recog-
tContributions from the Entomological Laboratories of the Univer-
sity of Illinois, No. 79.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 107
nizes only two anal veins. The additional vein is not shown on
a single one of his many figures, many of which are very
inaccurate for the anal region. This additional anal vein,
however, can be readily identified on each of the six figures of
wings reproduced from photographs. This additional vein
is not shown on any of the over l\vo hundred and fifty wings
of Tipuloidea figured by Alexander.
Redtenbacher, the first author to use a uniform, system for
the naming of the veins of the wings of insects, in his classic
paper on the wings of insects, Fluyclycadcr dcr Inscctcn, shows
fairly accurately the three anal veins in a wing of a Tipnla,
but it is doubtful if he appreciated the full significance of his
figure.
Comstock in his Manual shows in practically every figure
this additional anal vein. It should now be stated that this addi-
tional anal vein is the first anal vein or 1st A. The figure of
Protoplasa which shows only a single anal vein was copied
from Osten-Sacken. It is very inaccurate in the anal region.
For this wing, as well as all the wings of the Tanyderidae,
contains three anal veins. While the artist, who made the
figures of Comstock, was consistent in showing the first anal
vein in* practically every wing, he has rarely drawn this vein
accurately. Attention should be called to the fact that Com-
stock did not recognize the structure here designated as the
first anal as a distinct vein, but only as a fold, the anal fold.
Comstock and Need ham, in the IT ings of Insects have not
departed from the interpretation given by Comstock in his
Manual. The drawings used in making the figures for the
Manual, relabelled with their new system of letters instead of
the numbers used by Redtenbacher, are used.
Comstock in The I Tings of Insects has the following to say
about the anal veins of the Diptera : — "In most Diptera the
first anal vein is wanting as a distinct vein but in many there
is a suture-like line, the anal furrow, immediately back of
cubitus and closely parallel with this vein ; this is a vestige of
the first anal vein ; this furrow is represented in several of the
figures in this chapter by a dotted line. The first anal vein is
retained, however, in certain Asilidae ; where, although some-
108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
what shortened, it is a distinct vein extending from the base
of the wing to near the point where vein Cu forks. The second
anal vein is the most persistent of the three anal veins ; it is
well preserved in many families ; and is represented in several
of the figures in this chapter. The third anal vein is well-
preserved in comparatively few forms, although a vestige of
it exists in many. It is well preserved in Tipula and is fairly,
well preserved in Stratiomy'm." This is an excellent, concise,
general statement of the anal region of the dipterous wings as
I understand it.
There are several features existing in the proximal end of
the wings of Diptera not included in the above account. It
is unfortunate that the expense of reproducing figures is such
that figures cannot be included, as the structures to be described
have not been figured. They will soon be shown, however, in
a number of wings in a morphological text-book to be printed
soon, it is hoped. An examination of the proximal portion of
almost any tipulid wing, as Tipula cine tans, shows a long area
behind R+M. There is extending into this area three long
spurs, two of which, if they are represented upon figures, are
usually shown as extending obliquely toward R+M with which
they are usually shown as fused. They are never fused,' how-
ever, so far as I have observed, but their direction and position
are due to folds in the wing membrane which they support.
The first spur extends from opposite the proximal end of
cubitus and the caudal end of the arculus. It is always present
in the Tipulidae. The second spur is always much longer than
the first and while it is found in all Tipulidae it is also distinct
in many other Diptera, as for example, Culc.r, Diva, Rhyphus,
Leptis, Tabanns and Bristol is. The second spur appears,
particularly in the Tipuloidea, as a continuation of the second
anal vein. The third so-called spur, which is frequently long,
especially so in Tipula, is generally omitted from figures and
appears to be a direct continuation of the third anal vein. The
first two of these so-called spurs are true spurs and may be
known as the cubital and anal spurs respectively, but the other
projection represents the combined cubitus and three anal veins.
In Tipula a cross-vein-like structure extends from cubitus
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 109
to the second anal vein opposite the caudal end of the arculus.
This apparent cross-vein is considered as the continuation of
the stem of cubitus. Comstock has shown in the case of Siaiis
and other species from a study of pupal wings that this is the
actual course of cubitus. That such must be the course of
cubitus in the Diptera seems self-evident. Tli's transverse
part of cubitus is not always located opposite the arculus but
may be situated distinctly nearer the proximal end of the wing,
as in Clad lira and Tricyphona. In Rhyphits, Scenopinus and
Hihirla, where the cubital spur is not represented, the trans-
verse part of cubitus has changed its course and extends
lengthwise of the wing. Eulonchns, Midas and Eristalis show
an almost complete suppression of the transverse part of cubitus
and a large anal spur continuous with cubitus and the second
anal vein. The Tanyderidae, particularly Tanydenis and
Protoplasa, show an entirely different modification of this
region so far as I have studied it. The cubital spur is as a
rule not present while the transverse part of cubitus has been
suppressed by the anastomosis of the second anal vein with the
longitudinal part of cubitus at the caudal end of the arculus.
The first anal vein in the Diptera is frequently a distinct
vein in the Nematocera, particularly at its point of origin,
sometimes extending nearly to the margin of the wing and
usually to or beyond the cubital fork. The enlarged proximal
portion of this vein, which is always vein-like, usually arise-
from the angle formed by the union of the transverse part of
cubitus and the second anal vein, sometimes from the second
anal vein. The fact that it has actual origin from the trans-
verse part of cubitus is sufficient to disqualify it as a furrow
and to prove Comstock's contention that it is a true vein. 1 f it is
a true vein, it cannot be other than the first anal vein. Through
the changes in the position and direction of the transverse part
of cubitus in the Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha, there is appar-
ently a change in the origin of the first anal vein. An examin-
ation of such wings as Lcptis and Tobanus, however, leaves no
doubt that even in the specialized Diptera, the first anal .vein
arises from the transverse part of cubitus.
There is no question that the anal spur is a spur formed on
110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
the angle of the combined cubitus, first and second anal veins
in the wings of the Tipulidae where the three proximal pro-
jections extending into the area on the caudal side of R+M are
usually present. That the single projection usually figured as
a continuation of cubitus in the wings of the specialized Diptera
is homologous with the anal spur in the Tipulidae is easily
proven by an examination of the wings of such genera as
Rhyphus, Eiilonchus, Hcspcrinns, Eristalis, Midas, Scenopinus,
Hilaria, P silo pus, Conops, Stratiomyia and Era.v, where the
third so-called spur, the stem of Cu,+A is present. The A of
the formula just used is the equivalent of ist A+2nd
A+^rd A and is always used in this sense.
In many Tipulidae there is, near the caudal end of the trans-
verse part of cubitus, another transverse cross-vein-like struc-
ture, which is here homologized as Cu+ist A+2nd A. In the
genera named in the preceding paragraph there is some varia-
tion in the portion of the caudal vein preserved; in Rhyphus,
for instance, the distal part of $rd A is distinct and the proximal
portion represented by folds, while in Era.r and Scenopinus
the combined proximal portion is distinct and the most of the
distal portion of jrd A has disappeared.
The wings of Protoplasa fitchii and other tanyclerids show
three anal veins, as already stated, and not a single one as the
figure of Osten-Sacken would suggest. The first anal is of
the same distinctness as this vein in the Tipulidae and was
undoubtedly considered as a fold and for this reason omitted
from the figure. The cubital spur is wanting and the anal
spur is long. The stem of Cn+A is prominent while the free
part of the third anal vein is short ; instead of extending toward
the distal end of the wing, it extends obliquely proximad in
line with the cross-vein-like portion of the fused Cn + ist
A+2nd A.
The correctness of this interpretation of the relation of the
cubital and anal veins of the proximal end of the wing rests
or falls upon the question whether the transverse cross-vein-
like vein opposite the caudal end of the arculus in the Tipulidae
is the continuation of the stem of cubitus or not. Comstock
shows such a modification of the base of cubitus in the Tri-
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 111
choptera, Micropterygidae, and Hepialidae. I believe that a
similar switching has occured in the Diptera and that the veins
of the anal region should he homologized as stated above.
Unfortunately the pupal wings offer no corroborative evidence
in this order, since the tracheae do not map out the course of
the veins.
I am especially indebted to Dr. Charles P. Alexander, of the
Massachusetts Agricultural College, for an opportunity to study
his very extensive collection of mounted wings of Tanyderidae
and Timilidae.
Observations on the Occurrence and Biology of
Triatoma flavida in Cuba (Heterop. : Reduviidae).
By Prof. Dr. JMecl. W. H. HOFFMAN, Habana, Research
Laboratory of the Health Department, Republic of Cuba
In March, 1922, Dr. S. C. Bruner, Entomologist of the Agri-
cultural Station of Santiago de las Vegas, published a notice
that he had received from the eastern part of Cuba a Reduviid.
which he had identified as Rhodnhis proli.vus Stal. The notice
attracted my attention because the Reduviids, especially Triato-
ma conorhinus (formerly Conorhlnns mcglstns} and Rlwdnhis
prolixus are known as natural carriers of human trypanosomia-
sis in South America, and I had been seeking for those Redu-
viids in Cuba for some time, though I was informed by experts
that they do not exist here, also that the disease just mentioned
is not observed in Cuba.
It seems really that this insect is very rare in Cuba. Besides
the one or two specimens of Dr. Bruner, I have, been able to
obtain one more from the same source. But all the other at-
tempts, to get animals or any notice about them, failed. There
is no doubt, however, that the animal belongs to the fauna of
Cuba, because it is already found in the well-known collection of
the Museo Gundlach of Habana. Lately I heard of its occur-
rence in the provinces of Carnaguey and Santa Clara. Recent
information from the U. S. National Museum in Washington,
however, is to the effect that it is really Triatoma flavida, de-
scribed by Neiva in 1912 from the type in the Museum in
Washington.
112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
Fortunately the animal which I have is a female which laid
many eggs from which I have been able to rear a great number
of larvae, so that I could make a series of biological observa-
tions which may have some interest, although I do not think it
necessary to give a detailed description of the insect, which is
very similar in its form and size of 3 cm. to Triatoma conor-
hinus, but having a color which is more yellowish grey.
The natural habits in Cuba are little known. In South Amer-
ica the Reduviids live in human houses ; but possibly that is a
recent habit and it might be, that in this country they prefer
other conditions, perhaps even another host.
I have fed the female for six months with my own blood, be-
cause I wanted to know if the animal is infected, which seems
not to be the case, also in the contents of the intestines I never
found suspicious organisms, especially no flagellated forms of
protozoa.
The female has laid eggs every day, from June 18 to the
present day (December 1), on the whole about 600 eggs. From
June to the beginning of September all the eggs, about 370,
were fecundated. I suppose that the female, being isolated,
must have kept in its organs sufficient quantity of sperm for
fecundation since the last copulation with a male before being
caught. All the eggs, laid since September, about 200, proved
to be sterile.
The eggs are whitish yellow, of regular oval form, 1.5:2.5.
mm. in size. They have at one end a cover, which opens in
a regular line, to let the ripe embryo pass. The eggs, if fer-
tilized, assume in a few days a pink color, the embryo' being
transparent through the chitinous wall of the egg. After 2-3
weeks the young larvae come forth, being very vivid from the
beginning. They are of darkish color and like to put some
particles of dust on the surface of their bodies to be less visible.
They begin to suck blood after some days very easily. I used
to feed them on my arm every 7-9 days, though they can livt
a longer time without food. Until now they have developed
very well, but in 5-6 months have not reached more than 12mm.
in length, so that the whole development will take more than
one year. The bite is not painful but generally the next day
some swelling develops.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1 1 3
Many times I have observed that the larvae easily suck the
blood from the well filled abdomen of other larvae or of the
mother instead of from the human skin. This observation is of
special importance for pathology, because in many diseases it is
supposed that the germs are transmitted hereditarily in the ar-
thropod host. This question must be studied anew, because the
observations on Rhodnius show that the larvae may become in-
fected by sucking blood from infected insects, producing the
impression of hereditary transmission if only the fact is con-
sidered, that they were not given a chance to suck blood from a
patient. Of course the corresponding observations may be
much more difficult in other animals than in Rhodnius.
Undoubtedly the presence of Triatoma is of great hygienic
importance for Cuba and it will be necessary to pay careful at-
tention to the study of the presence of trypanosomal infection in
man and to its possible importation from South America and to
prevent an eventual infection of the Reduviids.
Additional Records of Lepidoptera from North
Carolina. I. Papilionidae to Noctuidae
both Inclusive.
I'-y C. S. BRIMLEY, Division of Entomology, X. C. Department
Agriculture, Raleigh, North Carolina.
This list contains species not listed in previous papers by us
on the Lepidoptera of North Carolina (see Entomological News
March, 1907, p. 94, April, 1904, p. 120, and January, 1909,
p. 33).
I. BUTTERFLIES.
PIERTS XAPI Linn. Spruce, several specimens taken in late May of
1912 and 1913.
TERIAS F.LATHEA Cramer. Smiths Id., summer, 1909, C. L. Pollard.
HELKOXIA CIIAKITONIA Linn. Skinner in his Catalog of Rhopalocera
gives its range as North Carolina to Florida.
PHYCIODES PH. vox Edw. Smiths Id., summer, 1909, C. L. Pollard.
DAXAIS nKKKNii'E Cramer, Southern Pines, Beaufort, YVhitevillc and
Smiths Id., all eastern localities, May to August.
DKBIS ( KKOT.A Skinner. Two males taken by myself at Raleigh on
September 29, 1902, and in August, 1911.
LVCAENA SCUDDERI Edw., Blantyre. mid May, 1908, F. Sherman.
114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
THECLA HENRICI G. and R. Raleigh and Tryon in April, these records
being attributed to T. irus in Ent. News for March, 1907, but irus re-
mains on our list by virtue of specimens of that species taken at Ashe-
ville by J. H. Comstock on June 30 and July 3, 1901 and at Blantyre by
Sherman in mid-May, 1908.
PAMPHILA ETHLIUS Cramer. Magnolia, early October, 1911, larvae
very destructive to cannas, and adults bred from same. S. C. Clapp.
PAMPHILA ARROGOS B. and L. Richmond County, August, 1893, F. M.
Jones.
PAMPHILA MACULATA Edw., Wilmington, August, 1893, F. M. Jones.
II. MOTHS.
HEMARIS DIFFINIS Boisd. Joanna Bald, near Andrews, mid May, 1908,
one, FS.
TRIPTOGON LUGUBRIS Linn. Southport, Nov. 4, 1919, one, J. E. Eckert.
AMPELOPHAGA CHOERILUS Cramer. Raleigh, bred from larvae on
Azalea nudiflora in May, and taken in June, July and August ; Southern
Pines, taken by Manee in August.
AMPELOPHAGA VERSICOLOR Harris, one bred from larva on Cephalanthus
May 9, 1909.
SPHINX CHERSIS Hiibner. A battered specimen taken at light at
Raleigh, June 17, 1912.
SPHINX EREMITUS Hiibner. Raleigh, Sept. 22, 1910, a full grown larva
taken on Monarda, also recorded from Mitchell County.
SPHINX KALMIAE S. and A. Raleigh, July 13, 1914, one bred, also
taken at Chapel Hill in May, 1916, by G. B. Lay.
CHLAEONOGRAMMA JASMINEARUM Bdvl. Two under light at Raleigh
in late July, taken by G. B. Lay.
PAONIAS ASTYLUS Drury. Raleigh, Aug. 31, 1914, one at light.
PAONIAS MYOPS S. and A. Raleigh, Sept. 7, 1914, one caught by cat;
also taken at Southern Pines by Manee in August, 1908.
LYCOMORPHA PHOLUS Drury, Lake Fairfield, August, 1904, F. M. Jones.
CLEMENSIA ALBATA Pack. Raleigh, late August, one.
OZONADIA UNIFASCIA G. and R. Raleigh, common on goldenrod
flowers in September and October, 1914, also taken in mid June, 1914.
UTETHEISA ORNATRIX Linn. Southern Pines one specimen, A. H.
Manee.
HAPLOA CLYMENE Brown. Brinkleyville, one July 16, 1912, taken and
sent in by Miss Mary Hinton.
HAPLOA CCLONA Hiibner. Lake Ellis, very common in May and June,
1905 to 1908, also at Clayton, May 22, 1902.
HAPLOA LECONTEI var DYARI Merrick. Southern Pines, June 11, 1907,
June 13, 1914, A. H. Manee.
ESTIGMENE CONGRUA Drury. Raleigh, May, April, July and August,
not uncommon, also at Spruce in late May, 1912.
APANTESIS ANNA Grote. Balsam, one in collection, T. M. Rickards.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 115
APANTESIS MICHAEO Grote. Southern Pines, April 4, 1912, Manee.
APANTESIS PLACENTIA S. and A. Southern Pines, June, 1920, W. T.
Davis.
APANTESIS RADIANS Walker. Raleigh, May, July and September, also
taken at Southern Pines.
APANTESIS VIRGO Linn. Balsam, Blowing Rock, Black Mt, and Hen-
dersonville, all mountain localities, in July and September.
APANTESIS VITTATA Fabr. Raleigh, July and October.
PYGARCTIA ABDOMINALIS Grote. Southern Pines, A. H. Manee.
HALISIDOTA LONGA Grote. Raleigh, mid 'June, 1907, one, FS.
HALISIDOTA MACULATA Harris. Southern Pines, one, Manee.
CHARADRA DERIDENS Guenee. Raleigh, late August, 1919, one, CSB.
ACRONYCTA BETULAE Riley. Hamlet, August, 1892, F. M. Jones.
ACRONYCTA DACTYLINA Grote, same data as preceding.
ACRONYCTA EXILIS Grote. Raleigh, July and August.
ACRONYCTA HAMAMELIS Guenee. Mitchell Co., July, Dr. H. Skinner.
A' RONYCTA HASTA Guenee. Raleigh, June, Hamlet, August.
ACROXYCTA I.ITHOSPHILA Grote. Raleigh, May 22, 31, 1921, CSB.
ACRONYCTA OVATA Grote. Raleigh, June and July.
ACRONYCTA SUBOCHREA Grote. Raleigh, April, one male.
PHOEOLOSIA BRIMLEYANA Dyar. Raleigh, September 8, 1907, CSB.
CHYTONIX PALLIATRICULA Guenee. Raleigh, March and April ; Hamlet,
August.
BAILEYA DOUBLEDAYI Guenee. Hendersonville, July, 1907, FS.
ATHETIS TARDA Guenee. Raleigh, early September, 1909.
PERIGAEA SELENOSA Grote. Raleigh, mid August, 1919.
PERIGAEA XANTHIOIDES Guenee. Southern Pines, July, August, 1901,
FMJ.
HADENA ARCTICA Boisd. Mitchell Co., July, Dr. Skinner.
HADENA DEVASTATRIX Brace. Lake Fairfield, August, 1904, FMJ.
HADENA FRACTILINEA Grote. Raleigh, late September, 1909.
HADENA UGNICOLOR Guenee. Mitchell Co., July, Skinner.
HADENA MODICA Guenee. Raleigh, early September, Lake Fairfield.
August, Mitchell Co., July.
HYPPA XYLINOIDES Guenee, Spruce (Haywood Co.) late May, 1912,
CSB.
MAGUSA DISSIDENS Feldcr, Raleigh, mid and late August. 1919, CSB.
RHYNCHAGROTIS ALTERNATA Grote, Raleigh, in September and October.
EUERETAGROTIS PERATTEXTA Grote, Mitchell Co., July, Skinner.
SEMIOPHORA BADICOLI.IS Grote. Raleigh, October.
AGROTIS NORMANNIANA Grote, Grandfather Mt, September 21, 1915,
FS.
AGROTIS UNICOLOR Walker, Grandfather Mt., September 2, 1915, F.
Sherman.
PERIDROMA RUDENS Harvey, Hamlet, August, 1892, FMJ.
116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
NOCTUA BICARNEA Gucnee, Blowing Rock, August, 1906, FS.
FELTIA GLADIARIA Morrison, Raleigh, moths scarce in October,
although the larvae are the worst and commonest of the spring cut-
worms.
POROSAGROTIS VETUSTA Wlkr., Southern Pines, larvae taken by R. W.
Caviness in April, 1901, also observed by W. L. McAtee at Poplar
Branch (Anson Co.) in September, 1909 (Bull. 109, US. Dept. Agr.,
Div. Ent.)
EUXOA TESSELLATA Harris, Blowing Rock, July, 1911, FS. ; Mitchell
Co., July, Skinner.
MAMESTRA ADJUNCTA Boisd., Raleigh, late August, 1919, CSB.
MAMESTRA CAPSULARIS Guenee, Southern Pines, May 2, 1914, AHM.
MAMESTRA I.OREA Guenee, Spruce, late May, 1912, CSB.
MAMESTRA OLIVACEA Morrison, Grandfather Mt, September 2, 1915,
FS., Mitchell Co., July, Skinner.
MAMESTRA RENIG.ERA Stephens, Raleigh, May, September and October.
CIRPHIS PSEUDARGYRIA Guenee, Raleigh, August 8, 1915, CSB : South-
ern Pines, July, August, 1901, FMJ : Blantyre, early May, 1908, FS.
ORTHODES VECORS Guenee, Blantyre, early May, 1908, FS.
GRAPHIPHORA OVIDUCTA Guenee, Raleigh, April, May and September,
not uncommon. Wilmington, April 13, 1920, Max Kisliuk.
TRICHOLITA SIGNATA Walker, Raleigh and Lake Fairfield, in August,
Mitchell county in July.
GRAPTOLITHA LATICINEREA Grote, Raleigh, December 8, 1918, CSB.
GRAPTOLITHA VIRIDIPALLENS Grote, Raleigh, January 24, 1920, CSB.
CUCULLIA CONVEXIPENNIS G. and R., Asheville, summer, 1915,
Mitchell county, July.
CUCULLIA LAETIFICA Lintner, Raleigh, mid August, 1911.
BELLURA GORTYNOIDES Walker, Hamlet, August, 1892, FMJ.
SPHIPA OBLIQUA Walker, Raleigh, several bred in April.
GORTYNA NICTITANS Bork., Mitchell Co., July, Skinner.
• GORTYNA VELATA Walker, same data as preceding.
PAPAIPEMA POLYMNIAE Bird, Black Mts.
PYRRHIA UMBRA Hufn., Raleigh, June, August, Elizabeth City, August.
EUCIRRHOEDIA PAMPINA Guenee, Raleigh, late October, 1920, Waynes,
September 14, 1908, Z. P. Metcalf.
GLAEA INUI.TA Grote, Raleigh, October, two.
GLAEA VIATICA Grote, Raleigh, one each in October, November, Janu-
ary and February.
RHODOPHORA FLORIDA Guenee, Mitchell Co., July, Skinner.
SHINIA GRACILENTA Hiibner, Hamlet, August, 1892, FMJ.
SCHINIA GLORIOSA Strecker, Southern Pines, Manee.
SCHINIA JAGUARINA Guenee, Southern Pines, August, AHM.
SCHINIA LYNX Guenee, August 16, 1909, AHM.
SCHINIA TRIFASCIA Hiibner, Raleigh, August 13, 1921, CSB; Southern
Pines, September 9, 1909, AHM,
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 117
LYGRANTHOECIA BREVIS Grote. Southern Pines, Manee.
LYGRANTHOECIA CAROLINENSIS Smith, Southern Pines, August.
LYGRANTHOECIA CONSTRICTA Edw., "NC" in Dyar's List N. Am.
Lepidoptera, 1902, p. 190.
ACHERODA FERRARiA Walker, White Lake (Bladen Co.), mid April,
1910, ES.
PLAGIOMIMICUS PITYOCHROMUS Grote, Raleigh, August 28, 1907, CSB.
PLUSIA PRECATIONIS Guenee, Raleigh, Southern Pines, Mitchell Co.,
April, May, July and August.
EUCALYPTERA BiPUNcTA Morrison, Hamlet, Southern Pines, July, Aug-
ust, FMJ.
EUCALYPTERA HUMERALIS Smith, "XC in August," Smith, Trans.
A. E. S., XXIX, p. 220.
EUCALYPTERA OBSCURA Grote, Raleigh, August 31, 1907, CSB.
DORYODES BISTRIARIS Geyer, Beaufort, early June, 1909, FS.
PLEONECTYPTERA HABITALIS Walker, Hamlet, July, August, 1901, FMJ.
EUSTROTIA MUSTA G. and R., Raleigh, July 27, 1902, Hendersonville,
July, 1907, FS.
EXYRA RIDINGSII Riley, Hamlet and Southern Pines, July, August,
White Lake, June.
EXYRA SEMICROCEA Guenee, Hamlet and Southern Pines, July, August.
EXYRA ROLANDIANA Grote, same date as preceding.
SPRAGUEIA ONAGRUS Guenee, Raleigh, mid June, 1909.
CALLOPISTRIA FLORIDEXSIS Guenee, Raleigh, bred in September and
October from ferns, bo h outside and in greenhouse.
HYAMIA PERDITALIS Walker, Raleigh, mid June, 1907.
DRASTERIA CRASSIUS:ULA Haw., Raleigh, mid June, 1909.
EUCLIDIA CUSPIDEA Huhner, Blantyre, early May, 1908, FS.
MELIOPOTIS LIMBOLARIS Geyer, Lake Fairfield, August, FMJ.
SYNEDA GRAPHICA Hiibner, Wilmington, April 13, 1920, M. Kisliuk.
CATOCALA SAPPHO Strecker, Southern Pines, Manee.
CATOCALA VIDUA S. and A., Raleigh, September and October, rare.
CATOCALA RETECTA Grote, Lake Fairfield, August, 1904, FMJ.
CATOCALA OBSCURA Str., Raleigh, July 21, 1920, CSB.
CATOCALA TRISTIS Edw., Raleigh, July 8, 1921, CSB.
CATOCALA UNIJUGA Wlkr., Raleigh, August 14, 1916, CSB.
CATOCALA NEOGAMA S. and A., Raleigh, September and October, rare.
CATO;ALA MCLIERCULA Guenee, Raleigh and Beaufort in July, also
from Southern Pines.
CATOCALA SERENA Edw., Raleigh, July 29, 1919, CSB.
CATOCALA si MI us Edw., Southern Pines, A. H. Manee.
CATOCALA KRATER. ULA G. & R., Raleigh, June 25, 1915, CSB.
CATOCALA GRACILIS Edw., Raleigh, July 15, 1915, CSB., Grandfather
Mt, September 2, 1915, FS., also from Southern Pines.
PHOBERIA ATOM ARIA Harvey, Raleigh, March.
118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
GRAM MODES SMITHII Guenee, Raleigh, August 2, 1919, one, CSB.
PHURYS CAROLINA Smith, Raleigh, two in May and August, CSB:
White Lake, three in mid April, 1910, FS.
TRAMA DETRAHENS Walker, Raleigh, July to September; White Lake,
mid April : Southern Pines, July, August.
PHEOCYMA AERUGINOSA Guenee, Raleigh, April, June, July ; Blantyre,
May ; Tryon, April, May, July, August.
PHEOCYMA BETHUNEI Smith, Tryon, August.
PHEOCYMA CORACIAS Guenee, Southern Pines, July, August, 1901, FMJ.
PHEOCYMA CUREMA Smith, Raleigh, May, July, August; Tryon, June.
PHEOCYMA UNEOSA Walker, Raleigh, June to September, not uncom-
mon.
PHEOCYMA METATA Smith, Raleigh, July and August.
EREBUS ODORA Linn., Raleigh, one in late August 1912, G. B. Lay;
also once taken at Southern Pines by A. H. Manee.
EPIZEUXIS ROTUNDALIS Walker, Raleigh, mid August, 1909.
ZANCLOGNATHA CRURALIS Guenee, White Lake, June, 1910, FS.
HORMISA ABSORPTALIS Walker, Raleigh, June.
GABERASA AMBIGUA Walker, Raleigh, mid August, 1909, CSB.
DIRCETIS VITREA Grote, Raleigh, August.
BOMOLOCHA EALTIMORALIS Guenee, Hamlet and Lake Fairfield, Aug-
ust, FMJ.
BOMOLOCHA MADEFACTALIS Guenee, Raleigh, late July, 1912, CSB.
Most of the really hard identifications are by or confirmed by Dr.
H. G. Dyar, of the U. S. National Museum, to whom I express my
sincere gratitude for his invariable kindness in identifying our ma-
terial.
Life-History of, and Notes on, Certain Chrysomelidae
(Coleoptera).
By E. M. CRAIGHEAD, Bureau of Plant Industry, Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania.
During the past two years the writer has been collecting and
studying the larvae of the family Chrysomelidae. Many of
these larvae could be obtained only by rearing methods, and
very often in order to identify the species it was necessary to
rear them through the adult age. The following notes include
records and observations made at the Field Laboratories of the
Pennsylvania Bureau of Plant Industry, located at Chambers-
burg and North East, and are published at the suggestion of
Prof. J. G. Sanders, Director of the Bureau.
XXxiv. '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11''
Oedionychis gibbitarsa Say, Chambersburg, Pa., June 6.
Many adults were collected by sweeping on undetermined
mint, and were then caged on plants brought into the labora-
tory. Copulation was observed the following day and two days
later many eggs were collected in masses under small particVs
of debris. The eggs were placed on end and fastened together
by some secretion. ( )vip<>sition continued over a period of t\\\>
weeks, and an average of eleven days elapsed before larval
emergence. In most cases the larvae emerged through a longi-
tudinal slit, but in several instances they emerged through the
end of the eggs. Eggs were never observed on the host plant.
As soon as the larvae emerged they crawled upon the host plant
and began to feed. After feeding for 18 days, average, the
larvae entered the ground and constructed a small earthen eel!
within which they pupated four to five days later, transforming
to adults eight days later. This species hibernates as adults.
Zygogramma suturalis Fabr., Chambersburg, Pa., August 8.
Fifty-seven larvae collected by sweeping ragweed (Ambrosia
trifida L.). Larvae were transferred to potted plants in the
laboratory. August 19, larvae entered ground and pupated two
days later in small earthen cells. On September 1, adults
emerged. Hibernate as adults.
Monocesta coryli Say, St. Thomas, Pa.
During August thousands of larvae were feeding on the
foliage of slippery elm ( Ulnnts fnli'a Miclix.) and by the
latter part of the month the trees were completely defoliated.
Many larvae were collected and adults reared with the expecta-
tion of securing some parasites, but without results. So abund-
ant were the larvae that a few more years of defoliation will
probably kill the trees. Fortunately this tree is not used in this
locality for ornamental purposes and the infestation is quite
limited ; in fact, this appears to be the only place in the State
where this insect has been recorded as destructive. Mr. George
L. Ehrhardt records it from St. Thomas, August 4, 1913. The
larvae hibernate 3-4 inches under the sod. This insect has been
recorded previously from Virginia, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri
and Florida.
120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
Chrysochus auratus Fabr., Chambersburg, Pa., 1922.
Many adults were observed feeding and ovipositing on dog-
bane (Apocynum cannabiniiin L.). A short description of the
egg-laying habits is presented by J. L. Zabriskie*. The newly
hatched larvae fall to the ground and at once commence feeding
on the tender roots. In May of the next year the larvae are
nearly full grown and can be found feeding on the larger roots
1-6 inches below the ground. The bark on the roots is quite
thick and very often the larvae by feeding will make a pocket
large enough so that when the root is removed from the soil the
larvae remain attached to the root. They hibernate in the
larval stage. First pupae were found May 16; pupal duration
about twenty days. Adults first noted June 4.
Longitarsus subrufus Lee., Chambersburg, Pa.
During July, 1921, hundreds of adults were collected by
sweeping false gromwell (Onosinodium hispidissimmn Macken-
zie). Many of the adults were dissected and the females con-
tained eggs. Egg-laying habits were not observed, but it is
probable that the eggs are placed at the base of the plant on the
surface or just under the ground. The larvae feed on the roots
and are not very active. On examining infested roots one may
find the larvae in their galleries or among the roots and when
about to pupate they move a little distance away from the host.
The larva has a well-developed labrum, three-jointed maxillary palpus,
ninth abdominal segment well developed, legs present, antennae two-
jointed, body straight and cylindrical; 0.7 mm. to 1.2 mm. long and
0.1 mm. wide. It resembles the larva of Dlabrotica. The larvae move
around until they have formed well-defined cells in the soil and two
days later pupate. Larvae remain in pupal stage from 9-15 days,
averaging 10.6 days. Hibernate as larvae.
The adults feed on the leaves of Onosmodiuin and cut small
irregular holes through them. Where the host was found the
beetles were very abundant and by the latter part of August
defoliation was complete. The adults are very active and when
disturbed jump to another part of the host plant or fall to the
ground where they conceal themselves under leaves. Previous-
ly recorded from Kansas and Indiana.
^Journal of New York Entomological Society — Vol. Ill, p. 192 (1895)
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 121
Systena hudsonias Forst., Chambersburg and North East, Pa.
This small Chrysomelid has many host plants, none of which
are of economic importance except the grape. In Erie County,
Pa., the feeding of the adults on grape foliage was so extensive
that in many cases it reduced the vitality of the vine and the
grapes did not mature properly. The leaves in many instances
appear as if riddled with small shot and they then turn brown.
Other host plants are ragweed, elder, smartweed, pigweed,
horseweed, goldenrocl and "brown-eyed susan."
Many adults were collected during May and placed in a cage
with a potted Solidago plant. July 7 ', ten eggs were removed
from the cage. The eggs were in most cases laid singly and
were either placed at the base of the plant or under small lumps
of dirt an inch or two from the plant. In one instance eggs
were found three inches in the ground and the dead female was
found beside them. The eggs are light yellow in color, 1mm.
long and l-30mm. wide. The larvae feed on the roots and
hibernate in this stage. By the middle of July few adults could
be found in the field. The first appearance of adults is about
the middle of May and this seems to hold good for the greater
part of the State. The egg stage is about eight days. Twenty-
eight larvae were collected May 11 while digging for Chryso-
cluts larvae. Larvae under laboratory conditions pupated on
top of soil. This was due to the fact that each day they were
disturbed so as to get the exact pupa stage. The pupa stage
averaged 13.9 days. This insect is very abundant in uncultivated
fields and orchards, and along fence rows. Clean cultivation
will undoubtedly kill many of the larvae. It is doubtful if this
insect will ever become of great economic importance for even
with the grape the infestations are in most cases along the
outer edge of a vineyard.
Manuals of Hemiptera in Preparation.
Just now [Feb. 10, 10231 I am busy correcting- proof for the
Ilcmiptcra of Connecticut, so that work should be out within three
months. My work on the family Miridae amounts to a revision of the
species for the northeastern states. It will merely require additions, and
boiling down of descriptions of new species, to complete my work for
the Manual of Ilcini^lcrii. which a half-dozen of us are preparing. —
H. H. KNIGHT, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1923.
The Number of Living Insects.
We are frequently told that this is the Age of Insects, that
there are more species of insects than of all other animals. It is
interesting to have, from time to time, the latest figures on the
number of insects. Perhaps the most recent census is that of
Dr. Anton Handlirsch, who is furnishing the historical, paleon-
tological and systematic parts of the newest German text book
—the Handbuch der Entoinologic, edited by Prof. Dr. Chr.
Schroder, of Berlin-Lichterfelde. Dr. Handlirsch's paleonto-
logical contribution may be considered as a revised and abridged
edition of his Die Fossilcn Inscktcn, and we look forward to a
review of it in the NEWS from the pen of Prof. T. D. A.
Cockerell. Near the close of chapter 7, Paleontologie, 1921, Dr.
Handlirsch has a Tabular Review of the Development in Time
of the orders and families of insects in past geological periods
and in the present. His figures for this last may be summarized
as follows :
Orders
Families
Species
Orders
Families
Species
Thysanura
2
250
Corrodentia
6
600
Entotrophi
3
105
Mallophaga
2
1,350
Protura
2
15
Siphunculata
2
80
Collembola
4
1,030
Coleoptera
98
(195,000)
Ephemerida
1
450
Strepsiptera
1
150
Odonata
10
2,600
Hymenoptera
24
67,500
Perlariae
1
480
Megaloptera
2
100
Embiodea
1
60
Raphidides
1
40
Saltatoria
11
9,500
Neuroptera
6
2,000
Phasmida
5
1,900
Panorpatae
4
163
Dermaptera
4
740
Trichoptera
1
1,600
Diploglossata
1
2
Diptera
40
51,000
Thysanoptera
2
500
Suctoria
1
350
Blattariae
1
2,000
Lepidoptera
39
92,000
Mantodea
1
1,000
Heteroptera
36
21,000
Isoptera
3
500
Homoptera
11
16,000
Zoraptera
1
3
Total: 33
orders,
327 families, 470,000
species
of living
Insects.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123
New Names in the Order Lepidoptera.
My attention has recently been called to two homonyms which I pub-
lished while with Dr. Barnes. Mr. F. H. Benjamin points out that
Oncociicmis punctilinca B. & L. (Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. xvii, 71, 1922)
is preoccupied by O. punctilinca Hampson. I propose the new name
ONCOCNEMIS BENJAMINI for this species, in recognition of Mr. Benja-
min's excellent work on the Noctuidae.
Through Mr. Charles P. Alexander, I learn that Notho[>hUa B. & L.
(Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. xvii. 75, 1922) is preoccupied by Nothophila
Alexander in Tipulidae, published earlier in 1922. I propose the new
name BANDELIA for this genus.
A third item deals with an error in our treatment of Argus Scopoli in
the Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. xv, 90, 1922. Captain N. D. Riley, of tlu-
British Museum, has called Mr. Benjamin's attention to the fact that
this name is preoccupied, and that Satyrodcs will stand. — A. W. LIXDSEY,
Denison University, Grantville, Ohio.
On the Authorship of the Encyclopedic Methodique, Vol. IX.
A Correction (Lepid.).
In the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for Nov., 1922 (xxxiii, 281-2), I called
attention to an apparent mistake in the customary citation of authorship
of the species of Lepidoptera described in this work. As has happened
many times before, incomplete evidence led to erroneous conclusions.
Even in these I was preceded by Sherborn and Woodward, Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist. (7), xvii, 577-582, 1906. Mr. George Talbot, of the Hill
Museum, has kindly brought this reference to my attention, and I am
indebted to Dr. Calvert, editor of the NEWS, for supplying me with a
summary of its contents.
The paper by Messrs. Sherborn and Woodward is entitled "On the
Dates of Publication of the Natural History Portions of the 'Ency-
clopedic Methodique'." According to Dr. Calvert's summary, the authors
draw from apparently reliable sources evidence that part one of volume
nine, including pages 1-328, was published in 1819, while part two, includ-
ing pages 329-828, did not appear until 1824. In a footnote they express
the same erroneous conclusion as my own, in the following words: "9.
Mr. Kirby has copies of thcM tun parts as issued. The article 'Papillons'
was written by Godart (see the preface to the volume)."
The error in this conclusion and the actual authorship of the species
concerned are fully explained in a letter from Dr. Karl Jordan, dated
Dec. 12, 1922. Dr. Jordan has brought to my attention another footnote
in the Encyclopedic Methodique which, with the evidence pointed out in
my previous note, explains the division of the work on this volume com-
pletely. This footnote is on page 706, under the introduction to the
"Hesperides", and reads as follows: "A tin d' accelerer le publication de
ce demi volume, je me suis char.ue de la redaction de cette tribu des
lepidoptcres diurnes ; j' en excepte seulement le genre Lrranic et les
124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
Hesperies d 'Europe. Latreille." This shows conclusively that Latreille
himself described the exotic skippers, and accounts for Hcspcria godart
without reflection on the modesty of his learned collaborator.
In conclusion it may be well to cite Dr. Jordan's summary, which
states that the butterflies, Urania, Cast ma. Ay arista and the European
Hesperiidae were written up by Godart; the exotic Hesperiidae were
•handled by Latreille. Certain internal evidence also bears out these
points. Dr. Jordan further states that "Kirby and others quote Latreille
as the author of the Castnids. It should be Godart. The same applies
to 'Agarista Leach', which is a Coronidia." — A. W. LINDSEY, Denison
University, Granville, Ohio.
Preservation of Rare Species.
In the Entomologist for February, 1923, we note a paragraph by N. D.
Riley, "Preservation of rare species," in which he mentions that by a
Police Order of 30th June, 1921, certain species of butterflies in Prussia
are placed under protection, and comments that it is "a pity no such law
exists in this country [England] for the protection of our rare insects
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. A-rticles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy -Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.
The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring: north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 6 — Journal of the
New York Entomological Society. 9 — The Entomologist, London.
10 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C.
11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 15 — Insecu-
tor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D. C. 20 — Bulletin de la So-
ciete Entomologique de France, Paris. 22 — Bulletin of Entomologi-
cal Research, London. 41 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique
Suisse, Bern. 50 — Proceedings of the LInited States National Mu-
seum. 67 — Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 76 — Nature, London.
89 — Zoologische Jahrbucher, Jena. 90 — The American Naturalist,
Lancaster, Pa. 93 — Bulletin, Division of the Natural History Sur-
vey, Urbana, Illinois. 124 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique
d'Egypte, Cairo. 138 — American Museum, Novitates, New York.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125
GENERAL. Bather, F. A — The rule of priority in nomenclature.
76, cxi, 182-3. Campos, F. — Estudios sobre la fauna entomologica
del Ecuador. IV, Himenopteros. V, Neuropteros. VI-VII, Tri-
chopteros, Euplexopteros. (Rev. Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte,
Guayaquil, 1922, iv, 53-78.) Folsom, J. W. — Entomology with spe-
cial reference to its ecological aspects. Rev. Ed. 3. (Philadelphia,
P. Blakiston Son & Co., 1922. 502 pp.) Lizer, C. — Primer ensayo
bibliografico de entomologia Argentina. (Prim. Reun. Nac. Soc.
Argentina Cien. Nat., 1916, 321-80.) McDunnough, J. — Qu'est-ce
que 1'entomologie. 67, xlix, 153-5. Moreira, C. — Entomologia agri-
cola Brasileira. (Min. Agr., Indus, e Comm., Rio de Janeiro, Bol.
No. 1, 182 pp., 1921.) Scheerpeltz, O. — Meine bisherigen erfahrungen
mit der schwemm-methode als rationelle sammelweise fur -terricole
kleintiere. 124, iii, 8-10, cont. Wade, J. S. — On entomological pub-
lications of the U. S. Government. 10, xv, 1-32, Weiss & West—
The insects and plants of a moist woods on the piedmont plain of
New Jersey. 6, xxx, 169-91.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Breitenbecher, J. K.— A
red-spotted sex-limited mutation in Bruchus. 90, Ivii, 59-05. Bro-
cher, F. — Les trachees inversees. 41, xiii, 259-61. Clausen, R. E.—
Inheritance in Drosophila hydei. I. White and vermilion eye-col-
ors. 90, Ivii, 52-58.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Dempsey, J. H— A list of
Araneida collected at Concord, Mass. (Proc. Thoreau Mus. Nat.
Hist., i, 42-3.)
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Campos, F.— Cata-
logo sistematico y sinonimico de los Odonatos regionales. (Ecuador).
(Rev. Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte, Guayaquil, 19:22, iv, N. 8, 1-75).
Jorgensen, P. — Los Tricopteros Argentines. (Prim. Reun. Nac. Soc.
Argentina Cien. Nat., 1916, 389-99.) Pierson, E. L. — A list of Odo-
nata collected at Concord, Mass. (Proc. Thoreau Mus. Nat. Hist.,
i, p. 41.) Withycombe, C. L. — The wing venation of Raphidia macu-
licollis. 9, Ivi, 33-5.
ORTHOPTERA. Caudell, A. N.— Steiroxys hendersoni, a new
katydid. 50, Ixii, Art. 22.
HEMIPTERA. Lizer, C.— Una nueva subespecie de "Ceroplastcs
de la Republica Argentina. Sobre una nueva hemipterocccidia Ar-
gentina. (Prim. Reun. Nac. Soc. Argentina Cien. Nat., 1916, 381-82;
383-88.) Williams, C. B. — A froghopper damaging cacao in Panama.
22, xiii, 271-4.
Duncan, C. D. — The N. Am. species of Phylloxera infesting oak
and chestnut. 4, liv, 207-76.
LEPIDOPTERA. Adkin, R.— Tin- relative attractiveness of va-
rious kinds of light for moths. 9, Ivi, 13-1. Gable & Baker— Notes
on a migration of Libythea bachmanni. 4, liv, 265-6. Glenn, P. A.
126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
—Codling-moth investigations of the state entomologist's office, 1915-
1917. 93, xiv, 219-89.
Dyar, H. G. — The N. Amer. short-winged Psychidae. Note on
Cucullia alfarata. A note on Datana perspicua. New American L.
15, xi, 1-5; 5-7; 10-11; 12-30. McDunnough, J. — A new western Cato-
cola. 4, liv, 288.
DIPTERA. Aldrich, J. M. — New genera of two-winged flies of
the subfamily Leptogasterinae of the family Asilidae. 50, Ixii, Art.
20. Bonne- Wepster & Bonne — A new Megarhinus from Surinam. 15,
xi, 7-9. Dunn, L. H. — Observations on the oviposition of the house-
fly, Musca domestica, in Panama. 22, xiii, 301-5. Johannsen, O. A.—
Strationryiid larvae and puparia of the Northeastern states. 6, xxx,
141-53. Wille, J. — Biologische und physiologische beobachtungen
und versuche an der kasefliegenlarven (Piophila casei). 39, xxxix,
Zool., 301-20.)
Curran, C. H. — New D. in the Canadian Nat. collection. 4, liv,
277-87. Dyar, H. G. — The mosquitoes of the Yellowstone national
park. 15, xi, 36-46. Kieffer, J. J. — Diagnose de quelques nouveaux
Tanypodines. 20, 1922, 296-7.
COLEOPTERA. Wolcott, A. B.—The male of Cymatodcra horni.
(Cleridae). 6, xxx, 191-4. Two new species of West Indian Cleri-
dae. 138, No. 59. Sarnpsca, W. — Notes on the nomenclature of
the family Scolytidae. 11, xi, 269-71. Hawkins, D. C. — A list of
C. collected at Concord, Mass. (Proc. Thoreau Mus. Nat. Hist., i,
44-47.) Campos, F. — Estudios sobre la fauna entomologica del Ecu-
ador. III. Coleopteros. (Rev. Col. Nac. Vicente Rocafuerte, Guaya-
quil. 1921, No. 6, 24-100.)
Blackman, M. W. — Mississippi bark beetles. (Miss. Agr. Exp.
Sta., Tech. Bull., 11, 130 pp., 1922.) Dawson, R. W.— New species
of Serica (Scarabaeidae). V. 6, xxx, 154-69. Fall, H. C. — A review
of the North Am. species of Agabus, together with a description
of a n. g. and sps. of the tribe of Agabibi. (Mount Vernon, N. Y.,
J. D. Sherman, Jr., 1922, 36 pp.) A revision of the N. Amer. species
of Hydroporus and Agaporus. (Privately printed, Jan., 1923, 129 pp.)
Knaus, W. — Two new forms of Cicindela with remarks on other
forms. 6, xxx, 194-7.
HYMENOPTERA. Frisch, K. V.— Ueber die "sprache" der
bienen. 89, xl., Zool., 1-186. Forel, A. — Le monde social des fourmis.
Tome I-III (1921-1922). Geneve, Libr. Kundig. Yuasa, H.— A
classification of the larvae of the Tenthredinoidea. (Illinois Biol.
Mon., vii, No. 4.)
Cockerell, T. D. A. — Descriptions and records of bees. — XCVII.
11, xi, 263-8. MacGullivray, A. D. — Species of Dolerus from Oregon.
15, xi, 31-5.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 127
ENTOMOLOGY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS.
By JUSTUS WATSON FOLSOM, Sc.D. (Harvard) Assistant Professor
of Entomology at the University of Illinois. Third Revised Edition.
With five plates and 308 text-figures. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's
Son & Co, 1922. 8 vo., pp. vii, 502.
The two previous editions of this work have been reviewed by the
present writer in the NEWS for September, 1906, and for November,
1913, respectively. In the first place cited, this statement was madr :
"The book seems to us to be excellently adopted as a text-book in
zoological courses in which the aim is to understand insects as a whole
without laying especial emphasis on the taxonomy, or the special morph-
ology or embryology of any particular group or set of structures.
After sixteen years of additional experience in the class room, he finds
himself still holding this opinion, adding that he has never advocated
the use of any one book unaccompanied by frequent reference to many
other publications dealing with special topics.
The two preceding editions bore the words "Biological and Economic,"
instead of "Ecological," on the title page* and in conformity with this
change is the addition of a new chapter (XIII) "Insect Ecology," pp.
348-409. Its subject headings are :
I. Conditions of Terrestrial Existence. 1. Soil; 2. Atmosphere: Light,
Temperature, Pressure, Moisture, Composition, Movement, Elec-
tricity, Evaporation ; 3. Food Relations ; 4. Biotic Conditions.
II. Conditions of Aquatic Existence. 1. Chemical Conditions;
Physical Conditions; 3. Food Conditions: 4. Biotic Conditions.
III. Environmental Factors in General.
IV. Classification of Environments.
V. Communities.
VI. Examples of Insect Communities: Grasshoppers [in Michigan
after Vestal], Communities of Streams [after Shelford], Com-
munity Relations in New Mexico [after J. R. Watson].
VII. Succession.
Lest the general commendation of the book given above be interpreted
to cover all its contents, be it remarked in passing that this classi-
fication of the subject matter of ecology is not that which seems the
most satisfactory.
The typesetting of this third edition is new throughout, although
the page form remains the same. There is one additional plate, four
additional text-figures, and some other new ones, and 100 more pages
than in the second edition. The text, including the copious biblio-
graphy (now of 48 pages) at the end thereof, has been extensively
revised, so that one notes many omissions, changes and additions in
comparison with its immediate predecessor.
The number of classes of Arthropods is raised from 6 to 9 by the
*The cover of our copy of the third edition has the old title.
128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '23
recognition of the Pauropoda, Symphyla and Myrientomata as of that
rank. Changes are made in the statements of the characters, and in the
sequence, of the Orders of Insects, now numbering 17 by the admis-
sion of the Dermaptera, Parasita and Strepsiptera. The Platyptera
are retained to include Isoptera, Embioptera. Zoraptera, Corrodentia and
Mallophaga as suborders. A number of new paragraphs on tin.
interrelationships of the orders are to be found on pages 22-26. Thr
name Locustidae is accepted for Acrididae and Tettigoniidae for
Locustidae ((pp. 62, 63, 92). Interesting statements of the author'?
present views on the homologies and segrnental value of the super-
linguae are given on pages 36-37, 44, 81, 133 and 135. Voss' elaborate
work on the thoracic muscles of the cricket might have been mentioned
on page 78. Much new matter has naturally been incorporated into the
chapters on Transmission of Diseases by Insects, Insect Behavior and
Insects in Relation to Man. Under geological distribution, pp. 340-347,
is no statement of the Australian Triassic Insects or of the actual
discoveries at Florissant by Prof. Cockerell.
But who is the entomologist who can write a book an all insects to
satisfy all his colleagues? — PHILIP P. CALVERT.
OBITUARY.
The death of DR. KALMAN KERTESZ of Budapest, Hungary,
December 28, 1922, has left a regrettable void in the ranks
of the World's scientists. His published works in Dipterology
are well known and are of the highest quality. For the greater
part they are such that the enormous amount of labor involved
in their preparation is seldom realized by those benefited, and
they stand as unembellished monuments to their deceased author.
Dr. Kertesz was born January 2, 1867, and so was in the fifty-
fifth year of his life." He was Director of the Hungarian
National Museum, and a member of several European and
American Entomological Societies. Of his more important
publications may be mentioned the Catalogns Diptcronun, of
which seven volumes have been issued, completing the Orthor-
rhapha and the Cyclorrhapha aschiza (Families Syrphidae,
Pipunculidae and Phoridae), leaving the great Schizophora,
or Myodaria, still to be published. It is hoped that the manu-
script for this latter is available and in shape for publication,
or nearly so. At the time of his death he was publishing a
contribution towards a monograph of the Stratiomyidae and
allies (Notocantha). He worked up the Lauxaniidae of the
Sauter-Formosa expedition, and also published on this family
and the Lonchaeidae of several other faunas, including that
of North America. E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Have the Following Entomological Literature For Sale or
exchange. Complete with Index and unbound
unless otherwise noted:
Journal Economic Entomology, I to VII ; Pomona College
Journal Entomology, I to IV ; Psyche, VI and VII, hound 2 vols.
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXIV No. 5
WILLIAM HARRIS ASHMEAD
1855-1908
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA
VOL. XXXIV
MAY, 1923
No. 5
CONTENTS
Calvert — Studies on Costa Rican Odo-
nata 129
Cockerell — Supplementary Note on
Megaloprepus (Odon. Agrionidae 136
Skinner — A New Genus and Species of
Sphinx (Lepid.) 138
Insecta Part of the Zoological Record
for 1922 138
Malloch— The Cord ylurid Genus
Paralleloma and its Nearest Allies
(Dipt.) ,. 139
Coolidge — The LifeHistoryof Hespena
ericetorum Boisd. (Lepid.: Hes-
periidae) 140
Chamberlin — The Genus Pseudogary-
pus Ellingsen (Pseudoscorpionida-
Feaellidae) 146
Hungerford — A New Species of the
Genus Buenoa ( Hemiptera, N'oto-
nectidae 149
Barnes and Benjamin — Notes on Two
Species of Lepidoptera Described
by Guenee ( Noctuidae, Geomet-
ridae) 152
Editorial — Those Unlabeled Figures.. 153
Bell — On the Geographical Distribution
of Thorybes conlusis Bell (Lepid. :
Hespenidae) 154
Professor and Mrs. Cockerell to Visit
Siberia 155
Robbery ! High Reward ! Warning to
Buyers ! 155
Laurent— Vitality of a Cecropia Moth
(Samia cecropia, Satui nidae, Lep ) 155
Ferris — Bolletino della Souola Superi-
ore d'Agrico'tura de Portici 155
Entomological Literature 156
Review of Carpenter's " A Naturalist
on Lake Victoria" 159
Studies on Costa Rican Odonata.
X. Megaloprepus, Its Distribution, Variation, Habits and Food.
By PHILIP P. CALVERT, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Megaloprepus caerulatus, of all living Odonata, has the great-
est wing-expanse, attaining, at the maximum, 190 mm., while
the long and slender ahdomen is recorded to reach 102 mm. in
the male and 97 mm. in the female. It is an inhabitant of the
continental American tropics from the State of Vera Crnz,
Mexico, to central Bolivia.
DISTRIBUTION IN COSTA RICA.
In the Biologia Centrali-Americana if was cited from tin-
following localities in Costa Rica: Cachi (misspelled Cache).
Carrillo, Santa Clara and finally Quebrada de Java in southern
Costa Rica. Dr. Ris' has examined specimens from near Tuis
'Arrhiv f. Naturgi-scli. «J Jalirg.. Aht. A, 9 Kelt, S. 65. 1918.
129
130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
(3 $ 49) and Infernillo (==Juan Vinas) (1 5 1 2) at 1000
meters elevation, and from near Orosi (1 $ 4 9 ) at 1500
meters, as well as 9 $ 19 without definite locality from that
country. The following Costa Rican specimens are before me,
taken by myself, except where the name of another collector
is specified :
Atlantic Slope: Near Guapiles, 300 meters, 980 feet, $ No. 1, forest,
June 2, 1909. Near Guapiles, 1 $ No. 13, July 13, 1915, D. E. Harrower.
Florida Road, west of Guapiles, forest, 3 $ $, Nos. 2-4, June 3, 1909;
1$ No. 5, 1 9 No. 6, June 5, 1909, W. Schaus & J. Barnes; 1 $
No. 7, Nov. 18, 1909. Guacimo, ca. 240 meters, banana field, 1 9 No. 8,
June 7, 1909, Messrs. Stable & Blair. Peralta. 320 meters, Chiriqui [ ?]
River trail, 1 9 No. 9, August 10, 1910. Estrella, below 250 meters,
1 distal, c 1 proximal — 3 distal; R.
Carare a 12, 19 mm., b 2 R, 3 L, 13 L distal, c 3 R, 5 L, 15 L distal.
9 : Costa Rica (4 $ 9 ) a 15-20 mm., b less than 1-7 distal, c \l/2
proximal — 5 distal; R. Carare a 16 mm., b l/± R 1 L distal, c 1K> proxi-
mal R, at the fork L; Bresil a 12 mm., b 7 distal, c 11 L, 13 R distal;
Coroico a 16 mm., b 3 R 4 L distal, r 11 R 8 L distal.
Ratio of (d) the point of origin of M2 and ( r ') of the fork of 71/4
to the length of the front wing, ^ : Guapiles (5 $ £ , June) d. .62-.(>5\
c .68-.69 ; Estreila mm., and (2) the difference // (see above) is from + 4.5 to
+ 5. mm.; in this latter respect, while homogeneous, they are
not isolated, as the Atlantic Slope males show variations from
+ 3 to +9. With the few specimens accessible to me it is
impossible to determine the significance of these two exceptions :
it should be the subject of future study of more abundant
material.
I To he continued )
10 Proc. U. S. National Mus., xxvi, p. 748, fig. 37. 1903.
11 Biology of Dragonflies, Cambridge, University Press, pi. i, fig.
8. 1917.
'- Memoirs Anier. Knt. Soc.. pi. viii. fig. 4n. I'll1).
136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
Supplementary Note on Megaloprepus
(Odon. : Agrionidae).
By T. D. A. COCKERELL, Boulder, Colorado.
Last year Mr. Terry Duce sent me several specimens of
Megaloprepiis from the head waters of the Rio* Carare (Rio
Minero), in woods near the Emerald mines of Muzo, Colombia,
at altitudes of 2000-5000 feet. Looking them over, I was
surprised to find two very distinct forms, which have been
described as cacrulatns (Drury) and brevistigma (Selys). It
seemed to me that they were distinct species, not varieties of
one as is commonly supposed, so I wrote out my conclusions
and sent the manuscript to Dr. Calvert. This led to a very
interesting correspondence, and Dr. Calvert has fully stated
his conclusions above. There remain certain speculations not
covered in Dr. Calvert's paper, and at his suggestion I give
these for what they may be worth. The effort is made to
treat the problem as a dynamic one, in the belief that sound
judgments concerning evolutionary processes may eventually be
attained as the result of establishing a multitude of concurrent
probabilities. For this kind of work the insects afford the
best material, owing to the vast number of different types avail-
able for study.
We do not know the existing biological relationships between
cacrulatns and brevistigma. The available information appears
to show that in Colombia they fly together, but probably
brcz'istigina does not occur north of Panama. In tabulating the
characters of the two forms, confusion is introduced because
in cerlain respects the brevistigma female is not so extreme as
the male, and its curve is overlapped by that of the cdcritlatus
males. Some characters, such as wing-length, are extremely
variable in both forms. I dissected out the penis of a Colombia
brevistigma, and found it quite like that of cacrulatns from
the same locality, except that in the latter it was distinctly more
slender.
Thus we have a type of Odonata, undoubtedly of great
antiquity, which presents very few forms, so close as to be
regarded as races of a single species. We might expect such
XXXJY, '23] ENTOMoLoiiir \I, \K\VS 137
an organism to be very constant in its characters, but instead
it is extremely variable. The variations are of such a nature
that they cannot in any large part be attributed to the direct
effects of environment, and hence we must assume that me
insects are strongly heterozygous in their composition. \\ c
have no evidence that caerulatus and brevistigma cross, but also
no grounds for believing that this is impossible. It seems en-
tirely possible that in the comparatively recent times when
the Isthmus of Panama was under water, cacrnlatus was the
Central American species, and brewstigma that of the Andean
region of South America. Existing thus isolated, they may
have developed their special characters. Since it became pos-
sible to cross from one region to the other, each may have
invaded the other's territory, and hybridisation may have
occurred, producing an epidemic of variation. But brevistigma,
having a large range in the Andean region, has remained in
part unmodified, though its territory is gradually being over-
run by ciicnilatits from the north. Eventually, especially in
the valleys of the Andes, homozygous combinations may be
sorted out giving rise to a series of closely allied races or spe-
cies, as may be seen in numerous genera of butterflies and birds
of the same region. Whether this is now in process, can only be
determined by elaborate statistical studies of materials yet to be
gathered.
A very instructive case for comparison with that of Mcgalo-
prcpns is that of Stcgannni, a genus of African birds, dis-
cussed by Mr. J. P. Chapin in American Museum Novitatcs.
No. 43 (1922). 5". aiicitpinn has been considered a subspecies
of S. paradisaca, but Chapin believes that it is distinct. He
supposes that when the equatorial forest was more extensive,
5". ancnpinn was restricted to the grasslands north of it, S.
paradlsaca to the south. These birds have now invaded each
others territory, and were held by students to be forms of a
single variable species. The females cannot be separated with
any confidence, but the males in "eclipse plumage" are readily
distinguished. Chapin thinks that they do not interbreed, but
has no exact information on this point.
138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
A New Genus and Species of Sphinx (Lepid.).
By HENRY SKINNER, The Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia.
4
KLONEUS, new genus.
Allied to P achy sphinx R. and J. Female. Antennae on the
upperside clothed with coarse yellow hairs and on the sides and
beneath with light brown, velvety pile. Eyes large, 5 mm. in
diameter. Palpi large and greatly swollen above and square at
the lower end. Thorax unicolorous. Primary wings scalloped
as in Pachysphvnx and the wings of the same shape, widening
as the outer margin is approached. Secondaries also scalloped
and not entire as in Pachysphinx.
Type — Kloncits babayaga n. sp.
Kloneus babayaga, n. sp.
$ . — Upperside. Primaries brown with a curved dark brown band
near the apex of the wing; a round spot near the middle of the same
color, 4 mm. in diameter ; a small dark brown spot at base and a large
spot on inferior margin, extending 8 mm. into the wing. Secondaries
brown with a dark brown fascia on outer margin 9 mm. wide at top
and 3.5 wide at anal angle; inside and parallel to this is a dark brown
line.
Underside considerably lighter in color and the primaries and second-
aries have two parallel lines crossing from the costa to the inner margin,
9 mm. apart. Expanse of one primary wing 55 mm. and of one sec-
ondary 37 mm.
Thorax, abdomen and wings concolorous.
Locality, Eden Mine, Nicaragua, June 13th. 1922, J. S.
McKenzie.
Type in the collection of The Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia.
— i <•» —
Insecta Part of the Zoological Record for 1922.
The attention of Entomologists throughout the world is called to
the fact that, beginning with the Volume for 1922, the preparation of
the "Insecta" part of the "Zoological Record," is being undertaken by
the Imperial Bureau of Entomology. In order that the Record may
be as complete as it is possible to make it, all authors of entomological
papers, especially of systematic ones, are requested to send separata
of their papers to the Bureau. These are particularly desired in cases
where the original journal is one that is not primarily devoted to
entomology. All separata should be addressed to The Assistant
Director, Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 41, Queen's Gate, London,
S. W. 7, England.
XXXIV, '23] ENTU.MOI.IKHCAI, NEWS 139
The Cordylurid Genus Paralleloma and its Nearest
Allies (Dipt).
By J. R. MALLOCH, U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey,
Washington, D. C.
This paper deals with North American species only. The
genus Paralleloma was erected by 15ecker for the reception of
the species previously placed in the genus Cordylura which
have the thoracic dorsocentral bristles reduced or almost absent.
1 recently published, in my paper on the Diptera collected by
the Canadian Arctic Expedition, a key to the genera of Scato-
phagidae in which I cited characters for the differentiation of
all the genera then known to me as occurring in America. Tn
the present paper I have proposed a subdivision of the genus
Paralleloma, which adds two genera to our list, though the
species cited as genotypes are among those already known to
science.
AMERICINA gen. n.
Differs from Paralleloma in having the arista pubescent,
prealar bristle absent, posterior notopleural generally present,
and the sixth wing-vein traceable to margin of wing though
very indistinctly so.
Genotype, Cord\lura adnsta Loew.
Americina adusta (Loew)
The specimens which I have examined are all similarly colored.
Shining whitish yellow, black on upper half of occiput, ocellar spot,
apex of third antennal segment, broadly on each side of mesonotum and
scutellum, on dorsum of mesonotum a longitudinal stripe below and
behind base of wings, and the entire abdomen. All tarsi blackened.
Wings slightly infuscated at apices.
The posterior notopleural bristle in one male is duplicated. Scutellum
longer than in any allied species, slightly flattened on disc, and almost
triangular, with 4 bristles, the basal pair shortest. The short stout
bristles on ventral surface of mid femur in male distinguish this
species from any of its allies.
Originally described from New Jersey and since recorded
from New Hampshire. I have taken it in Illinois and seen
specimens from Maryland, near Plummers Island (McAtee").
and Indiana ( Aldrich).
140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
Americina inermis (Locw).
Differs from the preceding species in having the antennae entirely
yellow, the dorsum of thorax, scutellum and metanotum black, and the
wings clear.
The scutellum is short, with two very long lateral bristles and two
minute apical hairs, the legs are 'entirely without strong bristles, and
the tarsi are pale.
Originally described from the White Mountains, New Hamp-
shire. I have seen one male from Viola, Idaho. Cresson has
redescribed this species from the northwest as Cord Ultra
nndicornis.
ACHAETELLA gen. n.
Differs from Parallcloma and Americina in having" post-
vertical bristles absent. The sixth wing-vein is continued rather
distinctly to the margin, the prealar bristle is present as is gen-
erally also the posterior notopleural.
Genotype, Lissa varipcs Walker.
Achaetella varipes (Walker).
The black body, conspicuously marked black and yellow legs, and
black tipped wings of this species distinguish it from any other in the
group.
Originally described from Ohio. Since recorded from New
Jersey, Wisconsin, Illinois and Montreal, Canada. It is very
common and generally distributed in Illinois and the Atlantic
States as far south as District of Columbia.
(To be continued)
The Life History of Hesperia ericetorum Boisd.
(Lepid. : Hesperiidae).
By KARL R. COOLIDGE, Hollywood, California.
'Hesperia ericetorum has been recorded from California, New
Mexico, Arizona, Colorado and Oregon, and recently Mr. Erval
J. Newcomer has written me that the species occurs quite com-
monly about Yakima, Washington.
It is a fairly abundant butterfly in Southern California, but
though possessing a strong flight, is only rarely found at auv
distance from the vicinity of its food-plants, and for this reason
it has sometimes been considered as being (mite scarce. About
Los Angeles I have found ericctontm on the wing practically
XXxiv, '23] ENT tMOLOGICAI, NEWS 141
every month of the year, and while the various broods so over-
lap that I have not found it convenient to draw definite sharp
lines of distinction between them, my records of the past ten
years indicate that there are at least six broods, issuing as
follows :
A first brood as earlv as the first week- in Februarv, but only
in scanty numbers. On the (.'olorado Desert, however, the first
brood is much more numerous and its members appear as soon
as the last week in December. About Los Angeles fresh speci-
mens are again in evidence in late March and early April, while
a third brood appears during the first two weeks of June.
Again, from the middle of July on another brood comes forth.
and the last of September finds a fifth, which in point of num-
bers, is the largest brood of the season. Then from the first
to the middle of October a final brood appears, and after the
first week of November until February, specimens are only
rarely seen. In all the broods the males appear a week or more
prior to the emergence of the females.
Naturally, in the mountainous regions, the broods are more
restricted, probably to two or three at an elevation of five
thousand feet, and in the still higher ranges limited to a single
brood. Mr. Newcomer writes me that in Washington it is
double-brooded, appearing in June and in August, with the
latter brood much the larger.
Of the life history of ericetorum nothing has been recorded
except the very brief reference by W. (i. Wright ( T>utt. West
('oast) stating that the food-plant is Malrattnun thurbcri, and
that "The egg is white, globular, and laid on the young leaves."
The following food-plants are known to me:
MALVACEAE.
Mah'dStrum sp. — About \.<«. An.ncK-s commonly on .!/. fitsicitlnttini
( Xntt.) Greene, (----tlinrhcri Cray), popularly known as "False Mallow"
and typically at home in the lower altitndi-.s of the chaparral licit.
< Mher species of Mnlnistriun here upon which I have found es^s or
larvae are M. orbicwlatum Greene and .!/. ilin'iilsonii Rohinson. On the
.Mohave Desert the usual food-plant is M. c.rilc Gray, while on tin-
Colorado Desert, about the Salton Si-a, I have taken larvae from the
showy "Five Spot" or "Spotted Mallow," .17. rotiindifolium.
142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
Sphacralcca aiiibigua Gray. — Desert Mallow. The common food-
plant on the Colorado Desert. In the vicinity of Indio and the Sal ton
Sink I have also obtained larvae from S. angiistifolia var. cuspidata.
Mah'a borcalis Linn. — Cheeseweed, an introduction from Europe.
A single specimen bred from this at Los Angeles. H. tesscllata occi-
dcntalls Skinner, which breeds here on M. borcalis, is also occasionally
found on the species of Malvastrum.
Althca. — Hollyhock. Mr. Newcomer has sent me specimens bred
from this in Washington.
AMARANTHACEAE.
Amaranthus bilitoidcs Wats. — Pigweed. Mr. Newcomer writes
me that he has found the larva on this at Yakima, Washington.
In ovipositing the female seems to prefer the just unfolding
young leaves, often tucking the egg in so nicely on the upper
surface that it is well hidden from view. But again the egg
may be placed on the under surface of the leaves, and even occa-
sionally on the stem.
The egg period varies, but on the average is twelve days. So
also there is variation in the duration of the various instars.
but on the whole these stages average about fourteen days, and
from oviposition to the emergence of the adult a period of
seventy-five to eighty days, though in the hot summer months
this is greatly shortened.
There is nothing new or of special interest in the behavior
of the larvae. The newly hatched larva spins only a few weak,
loose strands on the upper surface of the leaf, biting out small
irregular holes, and resting in a coiled position. In the second
instar the larva spins a rather heavy matting of silk, on which
it rests, eating out roundish holes in the leaf. I observed no
larvae in the second instar forming regular nests.
But after the second moult the larva builds itself the usual
type of nest, forming larger ones as it increases in size, and in
every instance under observation pupation occurred within the
nest of the final instar, the cremaster being weakly thrust into
a small button of silk.
•
The Egg. — In shape sub-spherical, the base sharply flattened, thencf
swelling out roundly to the greatest width, in the middle of the low-
fourth of the egg.
Traversed by a series of fairly straight but weak longitudinal ribs
these are .03 mm. equidistant, with the walls about .001 mm. in thick
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143
ness. Running transversely, a series of similar ribs, hut scarcel
lower than the longitudinal and forming with them, for the most pan
regular quadrate cells, .04 mm. in diameter. I -"mm the angles formeu
by these series of ribs arise blunt spines, .03 mm. in height, .01 mm.
in thickness, and inclining apically.
The longitudinal ribs mostly extend to the micropyle, terminating
there abruptly, but some coalesce with adjacent ribs before the summit
is reached. The micropyle in a rather deep circular depression, .18
mm. in diameter.
Height, .68 mm. Diameter at base, .76 mm. Greatest diameter, .92
mm. Color, when first laid, a pale lemon yellow, soon assuming a
nacreous reflection, and in a day or two becoming chalky white.
l.nrra. — The young larva escapes by eating out a jagged hole in the
micropylar region, about .50 mm. in diameter, and does not devour the
egg shell.
l:irst histar. — Body quite even, tapering but slightly posteriorly. Each
segment with four, fine, transverse creases.
Head shining black, .48 mm in diameter. A few, fine, scattered,
colorless hairs on head, the longest of these .17 mm. in length. Collar
.40 mm. in width, castaneous ; the dorsal shield black. Two transverse
series of colorless hairs, .16 mm. in length, on the collar.
On the body a number of series of rather high conical pale yellow
tubercles, .02 mm. in height and diameter at base, from which project
colorless forked hairs in the following series :
A subdorsal row, situated just a little anterior of middle. A latero-
dorsal row, situated just posterior to middle. A substigmatal central
row. The subdorsal hairs project in a straight stem to a distance of
.03 mm., where the branch occurs, the posterior branch bending roundly
posteriorly, the anterior branch roundly anteriorly ; these branches .07
mm. in length, with the stem at base .005 mm. in diameter. The
laterodorsal hairs are much smaller, being only .07 mm. in their entire
length.
Below the substigmatal row are two, straight, sharp hairs per segment,
the anterior one projecting slightly anteriorly, the posterior one bent
slightly posteriorly ; the posterior hair slightly the longer, .09 mm.
in length, while the anterior one is .07 mm. Both hairs are colorless
and minutely spiculiferous.
Spiracles pallid, round, .02 mm. in diameter. Anal segment with a
few long colorless hairs, projecting posteriorly, .23 mm. in length.
Color of body very pale lemon yellow, with a whitish sheen. Legs
very pale gray brown, tipped with black. Prolegs and ventral surface
pale lemon yellow.
Length 1.92 mm. Width at first thoracic segment .38 mm. Width at
anal segment .28 mm. Height at first thoracic segment .52 mm.
Second Instur. — Body quite uniform, but tapering slightly and evenly
posteriorly. Each segment with four, line, but distinct, creases.
144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
Head black, .84 mm. in diameter; mandibles reddish. Median suture
of bead rather deep and wide and the head is now very roughly cor-
rugated, densely clothed with rather heavy, blunt and more or less
crooked, white hairs, .08 mm. in length on the average. Collar .76 mm.
in diameter, dark chestnut brown, the hairs on it white, .08 mm. in
length, straight, stout, broken at the tips into four or five sharp prongs.
These hairs are in a double row, and in addition there are some scattered
similar hairs, very much smaller, .03 mm. in length.
The body now studded with bulbous white papillae, .02 mm. in height
and of the same diameter at base, from which project colorless straight
and rather thick hairs, .04 mm. in height, broken at the summit into
four or five sharp prongs. These bulbous papillae arranged in five,
even, regular, vertical rows.
A substigmatal fringe of colorless long, sharp hairs, originating in
bulbous papillae; these hairs .18 mm. in length, two to a segment, one
anterior, one posterior. Anal segment with a fringe of similar hairs.
Spiracles oval, .04 mm. in length, with a heavy white border.
Color of body pale greenish yellow. Legs shining black, tipped with
red brown. Prolegs and ventral surface pale yellowish.
Length 4.4 mm. Width at first thoracic .80 mm. Width at anal
segment .64 mm.
Third histar. — Body as before, the white pronged hairs arising from
the bulbous tubercles now .12 mm. in length. The bulbous tubercles
greenish yellow, .04 mm. in height. The substigmatal sharp hairs .20
mm. in length.
Head 1.2 mm. in diameter, black, roughly corrugated, heavily clothed
with pronged white hairs, .08 mm. in length on the average ; some
similar smaller ones, .04 mm. in length. Collar 1.08 mm. in diameter,
with its white pronged hairs .16 mm. in length.
Spiracles pallid, .02 mm. in diameter. Anal segment with a fringe
of sharp colorless hairs.
Color of body pale greenish yellow. Legs pale brown, shining,
fuscous at tips. Prolegs and ventral surface pale lemon yellow.
Length 7. mm. Width at first thoracic 1.06 mm. Width at anal
segment .80 mm.
Fourtli Insttti: — Body as before, the pronged white hairs arising
from the bulbous tubercles .14 mm. in their greatest length, some as
short as .10 mm. The white, bulbous papillae mostly .06 mm. in height,
but varying considerably. The sharp, substigmatal hairs .30 mm. in
length.
Head 1.44 mm. in diameter, black, densely clothed with irregular,
filament-like, branching hairs, white, almost completely obscuring the
black ground color; these hairs about .1 mm. in length on the average.
Collar 1.26 mm. in diameter, black, with its pronged white hairs .18
mm. in length. Spiracles pallid, .03 mm. in diameter.
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 145
Color of body pale greenish yellow. Legs pale brown, shining, dark
brown at tips. Prolegs and ventral surface pale lemon yellow.
Length 12. mm. Width at first thoracic 1.24 mm. Width at anal
segment 1. mm.
Fifth Instar. — Body as before, the colorless, bulbous papillae .06 mm.
in height, .04 mm. in diameter ; the white hairs arising from these
truncate and sharply pronged, projecting to an average height of .12
mm. and .03 mm. in diameter at the summit ; the largest of these hairs
run to .20 mm. in length. Surface of body finely granulated. Seg-
mental incisures sharply defined, green.
Head 2.90 mm. in diameter, black, rugose, densely clothed with fila-
ment-like, branching hairs, white; these hairs are irregular in length,
about .5 mm. on the average and by their density almost cninpl; i :
obscure the black ground coloration. Collar sordid white, the fringe of
colorless, truncated, pronged hairs on it averaging .34 mm. in length.
Sp:racles oval, .1 mm. in length.
Color of body pale yellowish green. A narrow, green, dorsal line.
A laterodorsal, greenish stripe, indistinct, edged below with an equally
indistinct, crenate, pale yellowish line. A substigmatal pale yeiknvish
band. As the stage develops the larva assumes a more and more pale
salmon tinting, in some cases quite obliterating the greenish ground
color, and the bands become pale pinkish. Legs pale yellow, iuscous at
the tips. Ventral surface and prolegs pale green.
Length 27. mm. Width at first thoracic 4. mm. Width at an-.il
segment 2.3 mm.
The Pitpa. — Densely covered with a bright bluish dusting, which,
however, is easily dissipated. After this bluish dusting has been
removed the thorax and the wing cases are yellow mahogany, the wing
cases clear and shining. Abdominal segments dull pinkish. Eyes
prominent, of a slightly deeper tone of coloration. C remaster dull
black, tipped with reddish.
Rather densely clothed, except on the wing cases, and especially on
the abdominal segments, with strong, sharp, pointed hairs, of varying
l'-ngths; the largest .54 mm. in length, then shorter ones to .20 mm.
These, for the most part, are colorless, but some, especially those on
the thorax, are tinged with reddish. The tubercles from which these
hairs arise very low, hardly perceptible.
Head case with five distinct patches of hairs, .60 mm. in length
ipii'e uniformly. Tubercles by eyes prominent, elevated, black. Spiracles
cval, .1'' mm. in length, with a fine fuscous ring.
On thorax a fine dorsal line, not ob.srrvahle when the bloom is
removed, terminating a little posterior to middle in a short transverse
band, more specifically two, more or less connected, quadrate spots;
below these, at a distance of nearly 1 mm., two more similar sp
from which the fine dorsal line is continued. On either side of tlv
dorsal line an inconspicuous row of dark points in a semi-circle.
146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
Abdominal segments dorsally with a series of eight, rounded or sub-
quadrate, dark points in a transverse row, not at all prominent until
the bloom is removed; these spots of quite uniform size, but the two
central ones are always the largest.
Length 16 mm. Width at eyes 4. mm. Width in middle of thorax
4.75 mm. Length of cremaster 1.4 mm.; width of cremastef at
tip .34 mm.
The Genus Pseudogarypus Ellingsen (Pseudoscor-
pionida-Feaellidae).
By JOSEPH CONRAD CHAMBERLIN, Stanford University,
California.
INTRODUCTORY.
Due to its many unusual characters and its unusual systematic
position the genus Pseudogarypus is possessed of more than
ordinary interest to the student of the Chelonethi. So far as
known it comprises but a single known species and since this
species has so far been but inadequately treated, it has been
thought wrell worth while to go into as great detail as possible
in the following treatise. Since my material consists of but a
single adult male specimen, it is obvious that in a number of
respects this work must be incomplete, but nevertheless a great
many facts and characters have been carefully worked out and
it has been thought best to present this evidence at this time
rather than to await the discovery of more material. The
female should prove particularly interesting.
My thanks are due Prof. G. F. Ferris for his everwilling aid
and advice. To Dr. R. V. Chamberlin, of Cambridge, I am
indebted for the specimen upon which this paper is based.
HISTORICAL REMARKS.
Pseudogarypus bicornis was first described by Nathan Banks
in 1895 from specimens collected in the Yellowstone National
Park. While realizing some of its unusual features and re-
marking that it would possibly fall in a group generically dis-
tinct from Gary-pits, the genus to which he referred it, he did
not bring out its distinctive features at all clearly and hence the
species was practically lost sight of for many years. With, in
his excellent paper of 1906, fully realized some of its unusual
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 147
features and commented that a new genus would probably be
necessary for its reception. Finally, in 1909, Ellingsen, who
had received a single specimen from Shasta Springs, California,
erected a new genus for its reception which he called Pseudo-
garypus. He gave no figures and did not discuss it in any detail
so that is lias never aroused the interest to which its unusual
features and characters entitle it.
DETERMINATION.
There are several discrepancies between Banks' description
and my specimen but these are, I am convinced, due to Banks'
misinterpreting some of the characters of his specimen rather
than to any valid difference. As Ellingsen remarked in his
paper, "I have no doubt that the animal I have before me be-
longs to the same species described by Nathan Banks in spite
of one or two differences between Banks' description and my
animal." That this determination is probably correct is further
enhanced by the geographical proximity of Bear Lake, Utah,
where my specimen was collected, to the Yellowstone National
Park, the type locality of the species. The close coincidence in
measurements between my specimen and the measurements ot
the species as given by Ellingsen, make it seem very nearly cer-
tain that Ellingsen's specimen is also conspecific with mine.
SYSTEMATIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL SECTION.
FEAELLIDAE Ellingsen.
1906 — Feacllidae Ellingsen, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. nat. Geneva. (3) :
II: 260-263: IV.
1906— Feaellidae Ellingsen, With, D. kgl. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrift.
7. Rsekke, nat. og. math. Afd. Ill: 58.
1908 — Feacllidae Ellingsen, With, Srcrtryk af Vidensk. Aleddel. fra den
naturh. Foren. Copenhagen. 8-12: I figs. 1-10.
Diagnosis — .-/// tarsi single-segmented; tarsi always longer
than tibiae; all femora divided into a pars basalis and pars
tibialis by a freely movable ginglymons articulation ; eleventh.
tergite and tenth (eleventh.') sternite fused into a single ventral
shield which bears eentrally the anal opening whieh is provided
with a bi-partite opercnlum; with four eves.
Remarks — -The above characters will include the only two
known genera of the family. Ellingsen, in his paper of 1909
148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
(on Pseudogarypus}, does not make it clear whether or not he
considered Pseudogarypus as falling into the Feaellidae or not.
He rather noncommittaliy states that it will stand more or less
between Fcaella and Garypns. While the differences between
the genera are considerable, the resemblances are likewise num-
erous and consequently it is my opinion that the two genera
will fall into the same family. The most striking difference is
in the pleural abdominal plates of Fcadlla, but since Pseudo-
gar y pus possesses a well-defined cephalothoracic pleural plate
even this difference is not as great as it may seem. However,
1 think there is no doubt that the two genera are representa-
tives of two distinct sub-families.
As to the relationship of the family as a whole I am not at
present competent to speak. As a purely tentative opinion I
think that there is considerably more resemblance to the
Chthoniids and especially the Obisiids than the leg structure
warrants me to believe. However, the single-segmented tarsi
are not too great a barrier, since their elongate structure gives
some reason for thinking that this may be due to a secondary
fusion of an originally two-segmented condition. This same-
feature is exemplified in the Chthoniidae where we find elongate
fore tarsi which are single-segmented, while the hind tarsi are
of the typical two-segmented structure of the Oblsiidac, Gary-
pidae, etc. My conclusion is based to a great extent on the
structure of the male genitalia, which strikingly resemble in
several respects those of the Chthoniid-Obisiid group of genera.
For example, the remarkable genital sacs here figured for
Pseudogarypus are almost duplicated in Garypinits ( Chamber-
lin, 1923) and the two crescent-shaped posterior chitinous
portions which bear the setae (Fig. 14-b) find their counter-
part in both the Clithoniids and certain of the Obisiids.
FEAELLINAE Ellingsen.
Diagnosis — JTitli a well developed ginglymous artleiila'.ion
between the cephalothorax and the abdomen; apparently with-
out a distinct cephalothoracic pleura! plate ; with a dorsal lateral
row of fifteen small pleural plates and a similar row of four-
teen ventral pleura! plates; carapace bear'nuj alona its anterior
xxxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149
mart/in a double roiv of prominent bulges or nit her tnbercitlatc
processes; palpi of a distinctly aberrant type, not shaped -at all
as in Garypiis but approaching to some e.vtent those of the
L h/lioniidac.
For further information concerning this sub- family see the
references listed under the family heading, all of which con-
cern this sub-family only. So far three species have been de-
scribed in the genus Fcaella. two from Africa ( mirabilis from
Portuguese Guinea; initcronata from Natal) and one (aflinis)
from the Seychelles Islands.
^
(To be continued)
A New Species of the Genus Buenoa (Hemiptera,
Notonectidae).
By H. B. HUNGERFORD, Lawrence, Kansas.
During August of 1922, under the auspices of the Entomo-
logical Survey of Minnesota, Doctor Harry Knight, Mr. Wm.
K. Hoffmann and the writer made a 1200-mile collecting trip
through Minnesota. Special attention was given to the aquatic
insects of this region of innumerable lakes and ponds, A
portion of the journey was along the north shore of Lake
Superior to Grand Marias. North of Grand Marias and some
fifteen miles from the lake, we camped by a large beaver pond.
This pond occupies a basin hemmed in against a high hill by
a meandering glacial eskar. This high and well-defined ridge,
after running for some distance parallel with the hill, makes a
wide crescentic curve to the hill, thus disputing the right of way
with the drainage between hill and eskar. A stream had cut
a narrow gap of a few rods through the eskar, and at this
strategic place, the incomparable rodent engineers have built
a high dam, forming a pond that is at least eight feet deep in
spots and covers several acres.
Here and there stand stark trees, killed when the water en-
compassed them, and piles of drift brush lodged in time of
freshet. The water is stained therefore with the amber color
characteristic of such places. This first dip of the writer's net
brought up two specimens of a beautiful new species of back-
150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
swimmer. Diligent collecting by Mr. Hoffmann and the writer
secured a splendid series of this most striking and distinct
North American Bncnoa.
The apparent isolation of this insect and our failure to col-
lect it elsewhere in our rather careful search for aquatic Hemip-
tera, is worthy of note. Like the others of its genus, it swims
submerged, and its body is richly supplied with the blood-red
oxyhaemoglobin-bearing cells. It, like the smaller B. clegans
Fieb., swims in the shallow, protected waters along shore,
differing thus from B. margaritacea, which prefers the deeper
water.
Buenoa limnocastoris species new.
Size : Length, 6.25 mm. to 7 mm. ; width across the eyes in largest
female, 1.3 mm. ; greatest body width, 2 mm. The males are more
slender, the head being fully as wide as greatest body width, the
average being about 1.2 mm. for head width.
Color : The living insects are very striking in their pattern of black
and white, the limbs and underside of body deep mahogany. The
prothorax is whitish with a smoky to black patch on either side above
the margin ; scutellum colorless ; elytra whitish with shining black
band covering humeral angle and extending" along the anterior margin
of wing for about one-third of its length, another large, triangular,
black spot at tip of corium, extending across the wing ; propleura of
prothorax black, opaque ; parapleural plates black, save a yellow patch
along ventral margin ; longitudinal dark area on sides of thorax visible
through the transparent wings ; the abdominal segments immediately
beneath the corial black patches, black; abdominal venter blackish in
dead specimens; median longitudinal black stripe on beak, all the tibiae
and hind femora. In life the rich red of the oxyhaemoglobin within
the abdomen, shows through the sides of abdomen and makes the
venter dark mahogany.
Shape : The eyes are protuberant and prothorax narrow, markedly
narrower than the head in both sexes, and impressed with two longi-
tudinal depressions more or less distinct. The pronotum of the male-
inflated, and in dead specimens the disc stands up as a transparent,
elongate, heart-shaped area, divided longitudinally by the median carina
Scutellum reduced, narrow, elevated, but depressed near its front
margin by a deep transverse groove.
Structural Peculiarities : Tylus prominent, more prominent in male
than female. Synthlipsis narrower in male than in female in which it
is less than half the vertex. In cephalic view the inner margin of
eyes parallel.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151
Pronotum faintly Iricarinate in the female, more distinct in the
male ; in lateral view the pronotum of the male is strongly arched and
inflated, the lateral margins prominent and distinctly ledged, the lateral
areas beneath the ledge depressed. Scutellum reduced in both sexes,
relatively larger in female than in male ; in the female, scutellum two-
thirds length of pronotum and a little less than one-third length of
elytral suture; in the male scutellum is not more than one-half length
of pronotum and less than one-third length of elytral suture. Claval
orifice just behind tip of scutellum, two-thirds the length of scutellum
in both sexes. Surface of elytra rastrate and pebbled, especially in the
black areas ; the dark sides of pronotum above the ledge sparsely
rastrate, also the upper half of parapleural plates.
Front femora greatly swollen in male and somewhat thickened in
female. Front tibiae flattened in both sexes, broader at base in male
and bent along its long axis ; tarsi two-segmented in both sexes. Middle
femora slender, angulate ; tibiae flattened, not quite attaining distal
end of trochanter when limb is flexed; tarsi two-segmented, segment
one not quite a third longer than two ; tarsal claws about one-third
length of distal tarsal segment in male, claws more developed in female,
about one-half distal segment; front and middle limbs equipped with
strong, mobile setae. Hind limbs flattened and fringed, tibia one-
seventh shorter than the femur ; hind tarsi two-segmented, segments
subequul in length, tarsus about one-fifth shorter than hind tibia.
Described from a long series taken near Maple Hill, Cook
County, Minnesota. Holotypc in University of Minnesota col-
lection, alia type in University of Kansas collection, paratypcs
in University of Minnesota, U. S. National Museum and fol-
lowing private collections : W. E. Hoffmann, J. R. de la Torre
Bueno, R. V. Hussey, Dr. Carl Drake, Dr. H. M. Parshley and
that of the writer.
NOTES: This species is. quite unrelated to the Bucnoa niar-
garitacca-platycncuiis series, which have orange in their color-
ing and are very compactly formed creatures. Furthermore,
each of the above species has a head that fits firmly against
the short pronotum, a large scutellum as long, as the pronotum
at least, and very broad ; and in them, the elytral orifice is less
than one-third the length of the scutellum, which is more than
one-half the elytral suture.
The new species is much more nearly related to what we
know as B. clegans Fieb. This latter species I have taken in
large numbers in what is known as "Stubbs Pond," near Law-
152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
rence, Kansas. B. elcgans Fieb. is considerably smaller, how-
ever, and structurally distinct. The new species has, in general,
the same coloring — black and white. The humeral and corial
black spots are the same. The black stripe on sides of thorax
in B. elcgans Fieb. is more prominent, but in all of my speci-
mens, the pronotal lateral spots are lacking. I have specimens
of this smaller species which lack all black markings.
In structure, the two sp'ecies are quite distinct : the eyes of
B. elcgans are closer together ; in males the synthlipsis very
narrow, eyes almost touching; the pronotum is not arched and
scutellum is much larger. In the male the scutellum is three-
fourths as long as pronotum, more than twice as long as elytral
orifice and one-third as long as elytral suture ; in the female the
scutellum is relatively larger, being as long as pronotum. In
side view the difference between these two species is especially
well marked in the males. B. limnocastoris has front femora
more strongly incrassate and pronotum arched. Furthermore,
the male genitalia show them to be distinct.
Notes on Two Species of Lepidoptera Described by Guenee
(Noctuidae, Geometridae).
Acronycta clarescens Gn.
1852, Gn., Spec. Gen., V, Noct., I, 54, Acronycta.
M. C. Oberthur, Etudes dc Lcpidopterologic Comparee, XVII, 21,
states : "L'etiquette ecrite par Guenee, auteur toujours extremement sin-
cere, est ainsi conc.ue : 'Je ne me rapelle pas si cet individu a servi
a ma description, mais j'ai tout lieu de le croire.' ' On plate DV,
fig. 4217 this specimen is shown. In view of the fact that M. Guenee
appeared to be in doubt whether this specimen served for his descrip-
tion or not and the fact that there is a specimen labeled "type" in
the British Museum, which corresponds to A. clarescens in the sense
used by Hampson and later authors and where the Doubleday speci-
mens described by Guenee should be, the present authors are led to
disagree with Dr. McDunnough, who placed pnmi Harris synonomous,
in a recent paper — (1922 Ent. News., x-xxiii, 228).
With doubt cast upon the authenticity of M. Oberthiir's type by M.
Guenee himself, there seems to be no other course available than to
accept the type in the British Museum as representing the species. The
synonomy in the Check List (B. & McD., 1917) will stand unaltered.
Xanthorhoe defensaria Gn.
1851, Gn., Spec. Gen., X., 411, Corcmia.
l')20, Oberthur, Etud. Lepid. Comp., XVII, 23, (pi. DVII, f. 4240, IMK.
type?, convallanaf, guenceataf) Coremia.
1922, McD., Ent. News, XXXIII, 229, Corcmia.
Dr. McDunnough, evidently not seeing the text of the Etudes, states
t'.iat M. Oberthiir's figure cannot represent the type of defensaria
and "represents a specimen of Pcrizoma pnlyt/rannnata, Hist, or one of
its close allies."
The species figured by M. Oberthur is probably Perizoma custodiata,
Gn=gucneeata Pack.
WM. BARNES and F. H. BENJAMIN, Decatur, Illinois.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., MAY, 1923.
Those Unlabeled Figures.
A short time ago, in preparation for an exercise of our
professorial function, we studied Dr. W. T. M. Forbes' paper
on Ttic Wing-Venation of the Coleoptera in the Annals of the
Entomological Society of America for December, 1922. \Ye
do not profess any expert knowledge of beetles but we have
marle preparations of the wings and we have followed the
general outlines of the work of Lameere, Gahan and others
on the application of venation to the classification of the
Coleoptera. Our expectations that we would derive much
instruction from Dr. Forbes were realized. We must confess,
however, that what made a greater impression upon us was
the fact that we were constantly compelled to turn back several
pages from his plates to find out just what genus a given
figure represented. At last there appeared to be nothing else
to relieve our growing disgust than to take pencil and write
the name of the genus alongside each one of the 71 figures on
the seven plates. Our kindly feelings toward the author and
the editor were not improved by these labors. It was a relief
not to be obliged to repeat this performance in studying Mr.
G. A. Graham's paper on the same subject in the June, 1922,
number of the same Annals.
We wrote in the NEWS for October, 1921 :
One source of annoyance to the reader of illustrated papers arises
from having to compare figures relating to different forms on a plate
and to hunt for the names of the species in an "Explanation of Plate-,."
or even in a list of names at the liottom of the plate. Why would it
not save time and irritation and prevent neglect if we put the specific
[or generic] name (or an ahhreviation of the name) alongside each
figure, or group of figures, on the plate itself?
A frequent contributor of papers with many illustrations to
our entomological journals, with whom we had some corre-
153
154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
spondence on this question of labeling figures, wrote that, while
this was desirable, the expense of having the names engraved
was prohibitive. We never dreamed of engraving. An author
who draws his own figures, as most of us do, can surely lay
his plate of drawings on a board with a straight edge, level it
with a T-square, make two parallel pencil lines separated by
an appropriate distance, near each figure or group of figures,
and with his pen insert the name of the genus or species, as
the individual case requires, between these guiding lines.
But of course we don't expect these suggestions (not to
use a stronger word) to do any good where improvement is
most needed. Those who, like Mr. Knight in the NEWS for
March, 1923, are already convinced of the desirability of this
practice will continue in their praiseworthy course, but those,
otherwise minded (and we don't class Dr. Forbes here) —
But the editors of our entomogical journals can do something
to improve the condition complained of. Will they?
Notes and News.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE
On the Geographical Distribution of Thorybes confusis Bell
(Lepid. : Hesperiidae).
Though this species was described from specimens collected at Tampa,
Florida, it appears that its geographical distribution covers a wide range
over the southern part of the United States.
In the paper of Dr. Henry Skinner and Mr. R. C. Williams, Jr.,
On the male gcnitalia of the Larger Hesperiidae of North America
(Transactions of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia,
Pa., XL-VIII, 124), it is recorded from Blanco County, Texas; Georgia,
South Carolina and North Carolina, and I have received specimens from
Hope, Arkansas ; Jennings, Missouri ; Takoma Park, Maryland, and
Washington, D. C., and have seen some from localities in Alabama.
The distribution of this butterfly therefore probably covers all of the
States from Maryland, south to Florida, west to Missouri, Arkansas and
Texas, and further collecting will very likely record it from the states
immediately west of Arkansas and Missouri, as it does not seem at all
scarce at Hope, Arkansas, which is quite close to the Oklahoma line,
while its occurrence at Washington, D. C., and nearby places in Mary-
land make it seem probable that it will also be found in Delaware and
possibly the extreme southern portion of New Jersey. — E. L. BELL,
Flushing, N. Y.
iv, '23] ENTOMOLOCICAI, NKWS 155
Professor and Mrs. Cockerell to Visit Siberia.
My wife and I expect to visit the coast of Siberia during the summer.
Very good fossil insects have been found there. \Ye expect to leave
Seattle June 7, have four clays in Japan and reach Vladivostock June 25.
T. D. A. CorKERELL.
Robbery! High Reward! Warning to Buyers!
In the summer of 1921 the following species were stolen from our
establishments: I'aruassiiis duridis. Imnnitlii, .?;/;;•>, dclpli. v. cardinalis,
chiirltoiiius, princcps, iinpcrutor £ , inusaijcta, nordmanni, etc., note espe-
cially: ini Iterator $, iniisaijcta $ , with gigantic ocellae, charltonius rents
^,bryki ,p, Co-Types, as well as many exotic Lepidoptera (probably
already stolen in 1920) especially show specimens and rarities.
We promise a high reward to everyone being able to furnish us any
notice about these insects and we guarantee to use their information
under the strictest discretion. In case one or the other above mentioned
spjcies should have been offered to you by dealers or by persons, even
seemingly highly trustworthy, please send us the correspondence. — DR. O.
ST.U'I);XGER & A. BANG-HAAS, Dresden-Blasewitz, Germany.
Vitality of a Cecropia Moth (Samia cecropia, Saturnidae, Lep.).
In the early part of the Winter, Mr. William Jay, of Mt. Airy, Phila-
delphia, brought me a branch of elder on which was clustered a com-
pact bunch of ele\en Cecropia cocoons, some of which were dead, but
quite a few were alive. Wishing to retain the cluster of cocoons intact,
I soaked them in gasoline, with the idea of killing such pupae as were
alive. The cocoons were hung in a room where the temperature was
kept at about seventy degrees Fahrenheit. On February 4, a male moth
emerged ; I placed the moth out of doors where it remained all night in
a temperature between 15 and 17 degrees. In the morning the moth to
all appearances was dead; 1 took it in the house and placed it in a room
where the temperature was 50 degrees. In about an hour I noticed a
twiching of the feet, so 1 removed the moth to a warmer room where
the thermometer registered 72. In an hour the moth was flying around
the room. — PHILIP LAURKXT, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bolletino della Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura de Portici.
The authorities of the Scuola superiore d'Agricoltura of Portici,
Italy, are desirous of increasing the range of diffusion of their Bullctiiid
and are making a subscription price of two dollars per volume to
American entomologists. This journal contains many very important
articles and is well worth the price asked for it. It should be on the
shelves of all our entomological libraries. Correspondence concerning
subscriptions may be addressed to Professor !•". Silvestri at the school.—
G. F. FERRIS, Stanford University, California.
156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.
The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring' north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ejito-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series R
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
2 — Transactions of The American Entomological Society, Phila-
delphia. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 6 — Journal
of the New York Entomological Society. 7 — Annals of The Ento-
mological Society of America, Columbus, Ohio. 9 — The Entomolo-
gist, London. 10 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Washington, D. C. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History,
London. 12— Journal of Economic Entomology, Concord, N. H.
14 — Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 15 — Insecutor
Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D. C. 19 — Bulletin of the Brook-
lyn Entomological Society. 20 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomo-
logique de France, Paris. 34 — Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique
de Belgique, Brussels. 45 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insek-
tenbiologie, Berlin. 46 — Contributions to the Natural History of the
Lepidoptera of North America. Ed. by Win. Barnes. 49— Entomo-
logische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 54 — Proceedings of the Bio-
logical Society of Washington, D. C. 68 — Science, Garrison on the
Hudson, N. Y. 70 — Journal of Alorphology, Philadelphia. 86 — The
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London. 88 — Occa-
sional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor. 98 — Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology,
Liverpool. 101 — Journal of The Linnean Society of London. Ill—
Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 114 — Entomologischc Rund-
schau, Stuttgart. 115 — Societas Entomologica, Stuttgart. 138 -
American Museum Novitates, New York.
GENERAL. Berlese, A.— Gli insetti, Vol. II. Fasc. 28-33. Brues,
C. T. — Choice of food and numerical abundance among insects. 12,
xvi, 4H-51. Felt, E. P.— Problems in economic entomology. 12, xvi,
39-45. Graham & Ruggles — The obligation that economic ento-
mology owes to forestry. 12, xvi, 51-61. Hagan, H. R. — Historical
outline of the development of entomology to 1800. (Trans. Utah
Acad. Sci., ii, 47-54). Horn, W. Et meminisse et vaticinari liceat.
49, xii, (>7-i. Leng, C. W. — Memories of fifty years ago. 19, xviii,
1-1:3. Sanders, J. G. — Whither in entomology. 12, xvi, lil-'.i.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Bowen, R. H.— Studies on
insect spermatogcnsis. 86, Ixvi. 595-626. Cannon, H. G.— A further
account of the spermatogenesis of lice. 86, Ixvi, (157-67. Huettner,
A. F. — The origin of the germ cells in Drosophila mclanogaster.
70, xxxvii, 385-11'.). Yocum, H. B. — The occurrence of Telosynapsis
in the male germ cells of an Hemiptcron, Leptocoris trivittatus. 70,
xxxvii, 287-306.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Brolemann, H. W.— Notes
on female paraiulids (Myriapods), with description of a n. sp. 7,
xv, 281-309. Stear, J. R. — Introduced mite attacking willow. 12,
xvi, 96.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Krafka, J.— Mor-
phology of the head of trichopterous larvae as a basis for the revi-
sion of the family relationships. 6, xxi, 31-52. Mertens, H.— Biolo-
gische und morphologische untersuchungen an Plekopteren. Ill,
1923, A, II, 1-38. Sulc, K. — Eine neue Psylla und eine neue Rhino-
cola aus Surinam. Eine neue Panisopelma und eine neue Trioza aus
Chile. Ueber die stinkdrusen und speicheldrusen der Chrysopen.
(Sitz. Bericht. Bohmischen Gesel. Wiss., Math.-Natur. Clas., 1914,
IV, V, IX). Tillyard, R. J.— The wing-venation of the order Plecop-
tera or mayflies. 101, xxxv, 143-62. Walker, E. M.— Notes on the
Odonata of Godbout, Quebec. 4, lv, 5-12. Williamson, E. B.— Notes
on the habitats of some tropical species of Heterina. A new species
of Archaeogomphus. (Odonata). 88, No. 130; 134.
ORTHOPTERA. Carpentier, F.— Musculature et squelette chiti-
neux. (Mem. Ac. R. Belg., Cl. Sci., vii, Ease. 3, 56pp.) Hebard,
M. — Studies in the Mantidae and Phasmidae of Panama. 2, xlviii,
327-62.
Davis, W. T. — A new walking-stick insect from eastern N. A. 6,
xxxi, 52-55.
HEMIPTERA. Baker, A. C.— Tingidae. 68, Ivii, 272. Hunger-
ford, H. B. — Notes on the eggs of Corixidae. 19, xviii, 13-16. Mat-
thews, A. L. — Some uncommon plant pests. (Trans. Utah Acad.
Sci., ii, 41-4.) Osborn, H. — Neotropical Homoptera of the Carnegie
Museum. (An. Carnegie Mus., xv, 8-79.) Otanes, F. Q. — Head and
mouth-parts of Mecoptera. 7, xv, 310-27. Parshley, H. M. — The
type specimens of Lygacus kalniii, subsp. angustomarginatus. 19,
xviii, :'3.
Davis, W. T. — Notes on N. American cicadas with descriptions of
n. sps. 6, xxxi, 1-15. Horvath, G. — A new species of Galeatus from
New Mexico. (An. Carnegie Mus., xv, 108-9.) Knight, H. H.—
A new sp. of Labopidea on garlic. 19, xviii, 31. McAtee, W. L.—
A new sp. of Otiocerus (Fulgoridae ). 54, xxxvi, 45-8. Olsen, C. E. —
Studies of the species in the genus Cicadclla of America, north of
Mexico. 7, xv, 353-69.
158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
LEPIDOPTERA. Bell, E. L.— Amblyscirtcs tcxtor from Vir-
ginia. Euphycs dion in New Jersey. Collecting notes on L. Collect-
ing Florida butterflies in Marcb. 19, xviii, 12; 21; 24-27. Draudt,
M. — Fauna americana. Genera Eudamus-Heronia; Lithosiinae:
Chrysozana-Tigrioides. (Seitz. Macrolep. of the World, Part 266-
272.) Gaede, M. — Alte und neue Arctiinae des Berliner Zool. Mus.,
114, xl, 7-8 (cont.). Heinrich, C. — On the synonymy of the pea
moth. 4, Iv, 13. Jordan, K. — Ueber einige alte und neue Sphingides.
49, xii, 51-7. Kaye, W. J. — A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera
Rhopalocera. (Mem. Dep. Agric. Trinidad and Tobago, No. 2, 1921,
163pp.). Kruger, E. — Weiteres ueber Columbische Brassoliden. 114,
xl, 8 (cont.). Lavallee, A. — Comportement et homochromie de la
chenille du Sphinx pinastri. 20, 1923, 19-20. Prout, L. B.— New
species and forms of Geometridae. 11, xi, 305-22. Schaus, W. — New
sps. of Notodontidae from S. America in the Carnegie Museum.
(An. Carnegie Mus., xv, 80-9). Seitz, A. — Fauna americana.
Micrarctiinae: Eubaphe-Leptarctia. Spilosomini: Spilosoma-Turup-
tiana. (Seitz. Macrol. of the World, Part 272, 273). Stichel, H.—
Beitrage zur kenntnis der Riodiniden fauna Sudamerikas. 45, xviii,
1-9.
Barnes & Benjamin — Nomenclature, notes and new species. 46,
v, 53-96. Fruhstorfer, H. — Neue Parnassiusrassen aus Nordamerika.
115, xxxviii, 5. Mayfield, H. D. — A new form of Catocala gracilis.
19, xviii, 33.
DIPTERA. Beyer, G. E. — Observations upon Anopheles atropos.
15, xi, 51-6. Bishopp, F. C. — Dengue fever and mosquitoes in the
South. 12, xvi, 97. Branch, H. E. — The life history of Chironomus
cristatus, with descriptions of the species. 6, xxxi, 15-30. Dyar,
H. G. — Note on the swarming of Aedcs cinereoborealis. Mosquito
notes. Notes on Goeldia. On Aedes riparius. Note on the habits
and distribution of Aedes flavescens in America. Note on Aedes
winnipegensis and hirsuteron. 15, xi, 56-7; 81-88; 88-92; 92-4; 94-6.
Gordon & Evans — Mosquitoes collected in the Manaos region of the
Amazon. 98, xvi, 315-38. Komarek, J. — Die morphologic und phy-
siologic der haftscheiben der Blepharoceridenlarven. (Sitz. Boh-
mischen Gesel. Wiss. Math.-Natur. Clas., 1914, XXV.) Lenz, F.—
Stratiomyidenlarven aus quellen. Ein beitrag zur metamorphose der
Stratiomyiden. Ill, 1923, A, II, 39-62. Matheson & Shannon— The
Anophelines of northwestern America. 15, xi, 57-72. Milliken &
Wadley — Phasia occidentalis, an internal parasite of the false chinch
bug. 19, xviii, 28-31. Plank, H. K. — New record for Rhagoletis
tabellaria. 12, xvi, 99. Shannon, R. C.— A new Microdon from Bo-
livia. 15, xi, 80-1. Thompson, W. R. — Masicera senilis, a parasite
of the European corn borer. 10, xxv, 33-44.
Aldrich, J. M. — Notes on the dipterous family Hippoboscidae. 15,
xi, 75-9. A new sugarcane miner. 19, xviii, 22-3. Hearle, E. — A
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159
new mosquito from Br. Columbia. 4, Iv, 4-5. Hull, F. M. — New
Syrphidae from Mississippi. 7, xv, 370-7!!. Malloch, J. R. — Some
new g. aiul sps. of Lonchaeidae and Sapromyzidae. 10, xxv, 45-53.
A new N. Am. species of the genus Beckerina. The N. Am. sps. of
the chloropid genus C.etema. 19, xviii, 32-3. Shannon, R. C.—
A re-classification of the subfamilies and genera of N. Am. Syrphidae.
19, xviii, 17-21.
COLEOPTERA. Bowditch, F. C.— Studies among the American
Galerucidae. 9, Ivi, 62-4. Dury, C. — Lepidocricus herricki. 19, xviii,
27. Forbes, W. T. M. — The wing-venation of the Coleoptera. 7,
xv, 328-51. Lucas, R. — Coleoptera fur 1916. (Mit nachtragen zu
fruheren berichten). Ill, 1917, B, V, 1-325. Mueller, R.— Ueber die
sinneszellen im fuhler von Necrophorus vespille. 114, xl, 5-7 (cont.).
Mutchler, A. J/ — Notes on West Indian Lycidae and Lampyridae,
with descriptions of new forms. 138, No. 60. Pavlovsky, E. N.—
On the biology and structure of the larvae of Hydrophilus cara-
boides. 86, Ixvi, 627-56. Van Duzee, E. P. — An entomological
antique. 68, Ivii, 269. Verhoeff, K. W. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der
Coleopteren-larven mit besonderer berucksichtigung der Clavicornia.
Zur kenntnis der Canthariden-larven. Ill, 1923, A, I, 1-109; 110-37.
Wolcott, A. B.— Two n. sps. of West Indian Cleridae. 138, No. 59.
Blatchley, W. S. — Notes on the C. of southern Florida, with de-
scriptions of n. sps. 4, Iv, 13-20.
HYMENOPTERA. Bell, E. L.— A hymenopterous parasite of
Epargyreus tityrus. 19, xviii. 33. Bluthgen, P. — Zur biologic der
bienengattung Sphecodes. 45, xviii, 19-23. Criddle, N. — The life
habits of Cephus cinctus in Manitoba. 4, Iv, 1-4. Cushman, R. A.—
A new subfam. of Braconidae from termite nests. 10, xxv, 54-6.
Davis, W. T. — Late swarming of ant Lasius claviger. 19, xviii,
23. Elliott, E. A. — Monograph of the hymenopterous family Ste-
phanidae. 14, 1922, 705-831. Frison, T. H. — Systematic and biologi-
cal notes on bumblebees. 2, xlviii, 307-26. Stumper, R. — Etudes sur
les fourmis. V. Les reflexes de nettoyage. 34, v, 29-31.
Banks, N. — Notes and descriptions of some fossorial H. 4, Iv,
21-3. Cockerell, T. D. A.— The earliest known ponerine ant. 9, Ivi,
51-2. Two nocturnal bees and a minute Perdita. 138, No. 66. Cur-
ran, C. H. — A new genus and sp. of Xyelidae from western Canada.
4. Iv, 20.
A NATURALIST ox LAKE VICTORIA, with an Account of Sleeping
Sickness and the Tse-tse Fly. By G. D. HALE CARPENTER, Uganda
Medical Service, etc. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. 8vo., pp. xxiv,
333, 2 col. pis., map, charts, 87 ills. First published in 1920.
The extent of entomological literature is so great and the ability to
examine it so limited by the various demands on one's time, that we
160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '23
make no excuse for admission to the pages of the NEWS of notices of
articles and hooks which have been published for some years, or have
not been sent to the NEWS for review, as happens in this case. We
regret that so few notices of entomological literature are offered to us
for publication, and would gladly welcome more.
Dr. G. D. H. Carpenter, son of the well-known zoologist and student
of the echinoderms, P. H. Carpenter, F. R. S., investigated the bionomics
of the Tse-tse fly, Glossina palpalis, at various places on or near Victoria
Nyanja1, from the middle of 1910 to about March, 1913, from December,
1913, to August, 1914, and for some period subsequent to November,
1918, under the auspices of the Tropical Disease Committee of the
Royal Society. "This book is an attempt to give an account of the
life on the islands of the Victoria Nyanja." The first three chapters
contain one of the best, summarized, historical narratives of Sleeping
Sickness, its natural history and that of Glossina palpalis. Three
chapters furnish a description of the lake, three are devoted to the
vertebrates. The last four (pp. 195-322) deal with insects, 80 of these
pages being concerned with the coloration of insects, as displayed in
Uganda, and with the case of Pscudacraca curytus. This last is a
member of a genus of Nymphaline butterflies closely allied to the
more widely spread Liincnitis, but confined to the Ethiopian region,
including Madagascar. Ps. curytus is "a single, [widespread], poly-
morphic species [which] mimics sundry species of models of very
different appearance in different localities ; where a model is sexually
dimorphic the sexes of the mimic faithfully copy the corresponding
sex of the model. Yet in the very locality where this dimorphism of
model and mimic exists, other species of monomorphic models are
closely copied by monomorphic forms of the same species of mimic"
(p. 242). That the various forms of curytus are not different species
is shown by the facts that, (a) there are no differences in the genital
armature of the males, as pointed out by Dr. Karl Jordan in 1910,
and (b) that from the eggs of the same female, reared by Dr. Carpenter,
the varied forms of both sexes are produced (p. 264).
Prof. E. B. Poulton contributes a preface to this volume and many
extracts from his letters to the author are contained in the chapter
on Psciidacraca. Dr. Carpenter writes as an adherent of the theories
of the value of coloration of which Prof. Poulton is so well known
an advocate, and presents arguments in favor of the origin of mimetic
varieties as due to natural selection as against mutation.
Notes on almost all the greater groups of insects are to be found in
this biiok, which can be strongly recommended to entomologists and
lovers of nature generally. PHILIP P. CALVERT.
luNyanja, not Nyanza. The former is Luganda for lake, the latter
means nothing, and is erroneously copied from one book to another."
Have the Following Entomological Literature For Sale or
exchange. Complete with Index and unbound
unless otherwise noted :
Journal Economic Entomology, I to VII ; Pomona College
Journal Entomology, I to IV ; Psyche, VI and VII, bound 2 vols.
24 leather; Proceedings Entomological Society Washington, XVII
to XIX and XX except index ; Journal Economic Biology (Lon-
don) Vi ; Entomologists Monthly Magazine XXII ; Zeitschrift fur
wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie VIII and IX ; Review Applied
Entomology Ser. A and B IV and V, VI except iadex; Insect Life III.
Need American Entomologist III (N. S. I.) No. 12; Bulletin Brooklyn
Entomological Society VI, VIII, IX and X No. 2 and index ; Ann. Repts
Entomological Society Ontario, II, III, IV, IX; Entomologica Americana,
VI ; U. S. D. A. Bureau of Entomology bulletins, old series, 2, 3, 9, 20, 33.
Address Department of Entomology, Oregon Agric. College, Corvallis, Ore.
BRILLIANT TROPICAL BUTTERFLIES MY SPECIALTY
Many species, both $ an(^ ' > °f Morpho, Ornithoptera, Agrias,
Prepona, Papilio and other rarities from the Tropics around the world.
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Thecla, etc., for collections and commercial purposes. Lye. exilis at $4.00
per 100 ; $37.50 per thousand. Send for price list.
HAL NEWCOMB, 8O4 Elizabeth St., Pasadena, California
The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine.— A journal devoted
to general Entomology, started in 1864, and now edited by G. C.
Champion, J. E. C >llin, W. W. Fowler, R. W. Lloyd, G. T/Porritt
and J. J. Walker.
It contains descriptions of new genera and species in all orders
(British and foreign) , life histories, reviews of new works, etc. Vol.
LIX (IX of the 3d Series) was commenced in January, 1923
The subscription for the 12 numbers is 15 shillings per annum, post
free, to be sent to R. W. Lloyd, I, 5, Albany, Piccadilly, London,
W. , England. For terms for advertisements apply to him also.
Rhopalocera and Heterocera of the North Argentine.
Good species and first-class specimens, write to
RODOLFO SCHRIETER,
Tucuman, Argentine, calle 24 cle Setieiubre l.'JTiic.
References by Mr. B. Preston Clark, Boston, Massachusetts, Kilby Street 55
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rare beetles (Goliathus, Dynastes, Argyrophegges) and others,
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JUNE, 1923
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXIV
No. 6
WILLIAM HARRIS ASHMEAD
1855-1908
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.
HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE:
EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. RF.HN,
PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL.
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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIV.
Plate V.
tiwyr: • o
PSEUDOGARYPUS BICORNIS.-CHAMBERLIN.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA
VOL. XXXIV
JUNE, 1923
No. 6
CONTENTS
Chamberlin— The Genus Pseudogary-
pus Ellingsen (Pseudoscorpionida-
Feaellidae ) 161
Weiss and Lott — Notes on the Desmo-
dium Savvfly, Atomacera desmodii
Dyar ( Hvmen : Tenthredinidae. . 167
Calvert— Studies on Costa Rican Odo-
nata 1 68
Mallbch— The Cord yl urid Genus
Paralleloma and its Nearest Allies
(Dipt ) 175
Alexander— Undescribed Grane-Flies
from Argentina ( Dipt. : Tipulidae).
Part VI 181
Editorial— The Worthy Flea 187
Knight — Cellucotton for Packing Un-
mounted Insects 187
Entomological Literature 188
Review of Riley's " Responses of the
Large Water-strider, Gerris remi-
gis Say, to Contact and Light" 191
Obituary — Dr. R. A. Dummer 192
The Genus Pseudogarypus Ellingsen (Pseudoscor-
pionida-Feaellidae).
By JOSEPH CONRAD CHAMRERLIN, Stanford University,
California.
( Continued from page 149 )
(Plate V.)
PSEUDOGARYPINAE subfamily nov.
Diagnosis — Wit lion t a ginglymous articulation between the
cephalothorax and abdomen; with a distinct and prominent
cephalothoracic pleural sJiield latcrad of the carapace and dor-
sad of the co.rae of the leys; without tl'.e double row of ab-
dominal plenral plates so characteristic of Feaella; eacli anterior
lateral corner of the carapace prolonged into a prominent liiber-
culatc process; palpi typical in sliape. much as in Garypns.
Pseudogarypus Kllingsrii.
1909—Pseudogarypiis Kllingscn, Estratto dal Boll, del Labor, di Zoo-
logia generale e agra. Portici : 217-218.
Orthotype — Garypns bieoniis Hanks. Western United States
of America.
The genus is sufficiently characterized by the sub- family
diagnosis, and, since it is monotypic, by the following specific
description.
161
162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '23
Pseudogarypus bicornis (Banks) (Plate V, Figs. 1-22).
1895 — Garypus bicornis Banks, Journ. New Y«rk Ent. Soc. Ill : 8-9.
1906— Gary pus bicornis Banks, With, Dan. Exped. to Siam 1899-1900,
III. Chelonethi, Dansk. Vidensk. Selskr., pp. 100 and 103.
1906 — Pseudogarypus bicornis (Banks) Ellingsen, T. c. 218.
Previous records and habitat notes — Banks makes the fol-
lowing interesting statement : ''This interesting species was
found by Mr. Hubbard between the laminae of rocks at Speci-
men Ridge, Yellowstone National Park. Many were young and
had formed little cases of silk and earth, in which to pass the
moulting period. The structure of these young forms is not
however different from that of the adult." Ellingsen had one
specimen (sex not noted) from Shasta Springs, California.
Material examined — A single adult male from Bear Eake,
Utah. Collected by Dr. R. V. Chamberlin. Habitat not
designated.
The three known records would seem to indicate that the
species will be found to range throughout the mountain regions
of Western North America from elevations of 2,000 to 8,000
feet, depending upon various climatic factors.
Measurements — All the following series of measurements are given
in millimeters. Length always precedes breadth and measurements of
the legs and palpi are from trochanter to tarsus. Measurements are
taken in the way With describes in his paper of 1906, pp. 57-58, (ref.
cited under Feaellidae).
Length 2.7 mm. Carapace, (0.72-0.396). Abdomen, (2.03-1.57).
Palpus— (0.216-0.224), (1.116-0.216), (0.522-0.225), hand (0.522-
0.288), fingers (0.828).
Chelicera — Length (tip of movable finger to base of hand), 0.243;
width of hand 0.234; length of movable finger 0.108.
Leg I— (0.270-0.162), (0.387-0.117), (0.342-0.126), (0.288-0.09), (0.54-
0.0684).
Leg IV— (0.34-0.162, (0.306-0.108), (0.45-0.108), (0.576-0.09), (0.756-
0.0684).
Palpal teeth of movable finger — Average basal width 0.0115; average
heighth 0.0115; average distance between teeth, 0.0076.
In the figures the points from which measurements were made are
indicated by small cross marks (Fig. 9 for example).
Morphology — The carapace is much as shown in Fig. 6, but is scarcely
as sharply marked off from the pleural plates (Fig. 6 pi. p) as might
be inferred from the drawing. Rather the demarcation is a sort of
"fading" from the hard reticulated chitin to a similarly reticulate
divisional membrane and thence to chitin again, much as shown in Fig.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163
3. There is a slight trace of a median longitudinal furrow hut this is
not surely valid. The two anterior lateral horns arise from under the
eye tubercles and extend forward almost even with the anterior median
part of the carapace. Both anterior and posterior eyes are borne upon
distinct tubercle-like processes (Fig. 10). Closely associated with the
eyes (Fig. 10) are two or three lyriform fissures. The pleural plates
are more or less sub-triangular, the apex lying almost directly under
the posterior eye, while the more or less evenly rounded basal portion
lies about even with the anterior margin of the third pair of coxae.
Apparently they are somewhat more heavily chitinous than the carapace.
There are only ten visible tergites, the eleventh being fused with the
last sternite and being completely invisible from a dorsal aspect. All
tergites with the exception of the tenth are divided longitudinally by
a distinct membranous suture, or rather area (Fig. 4). The first two
tergites lie between the pleural plates and in consequence are consider-
ably smaller than those which follow.- Each tergite bears posteriorly
from 18-20 or more minute setae, which are very difficult to see on
account of the heavy reticulation of the tergite and their minuteness.
Likewise bordering the posterior margin of each tergite are about 10-18
lyriform fissures which are anterior to the setae row and which lie
more or less laterally. Segment V bears 16 such fissures and in addition
has one near each anterior lateral corner; the bordering setae number 20.
The chelicerae are basally (all but the fingers) entirely hidden from
the dorsal aspect by the carapace. They are so completely figured
(Figs. 12, 13, 16, 21, and 22) that there is little point in describing them
in detail but a few points should be noted. The serrula exterior con-
sisting of 17 or 18 teeth, is fused along its entire length to the movable
finger, but as is clearly shown in Fig. 21 it is not a very long step to
a condition where it would be distally free. This is practically identical
with the type found in a few, if not many, of the Obisiidae. torms
which are supposed to have this organ distally free. Lamina exterior
absent or possibly present in a much reduced vestigial condition. The
serrula exterior is apparently of a broad plate-like type and not toothed
as in many forms, but its structure could not be worked oiil in any
but the most sketchy way with the material available. The galea is
apparently present (Fig. 13) but it is broken off on both chelicerae
of my specimen. The arrangement of the setae and lyriform fissures
will almost surely be found to be generic in character. The flagellum
consists of two apparently simple setae, the anterior one of which is
longest and also strongly curved distally (Fig. 13-16). An interesting
feature of the chelicerae is the extremely rugose and heavily chitinized
area on the basal part of the fixed linger and that part of the hand
adjacent to it (Fig. 16 and Ida). Fig. Ida shows by a dotted line the
actual thickness of the chitin and shows how greatly it increases in
density where the rugosity is greatest. These rugose portions of each
chelieera normally face each other and hence it seems likely that they
164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '23
are manducatory in function, their rugosity and heavy structure admir-
ably adapting them for a crushing or tearing function.
The coxae of the palpi or the maxillae are very large, having almost
as great an area as that of the coxae of all the legs combined. They
partially overlie the basal part of the chelicerae. I am not able to
entirely follow With, in his excellent treatment of the maxillae in his
paper of 1906, but apparently he applies this name to the entire coxae
of the palpi. The anterior seta bearing portion is spoken of as the
manducatory portion (Fig. 4). The central elliptical lyriform fissure
is present but rather small (Fig. 4bb). This fissure is found in many
of the Obisiidae and some of the Garypidae, but not apparently in the
Cheliferidae or related families, thus forming another bit of evidence
tending to show that the affinities of the genus Pseudogarypits are not
with the single-segmented-tarsal forms. The labrum apparently con-
sists of a rather elongate, narrow process, which is semi-membranous
in structure, with an evenly rounded anterior termination. The sucking
organ and a number of other oral structures could not be worked out
in my specimen. The trochanter of the palpus bears ventrally a system
of three prominent lyriform fissures (Fig. 4b), while the trochanter of
each of the legs bears a single one. Minute setae are sparsely scattered
over the coxae. Each coxa bears a single lyriform fissure near its
posterior lateral corner.
The palpi while resembling those of Garypus are notable for their
comparatively short tibia, which is no longer than the hand. (Fig. 9).
The arrangement of the tactile setae is figured in detail. All the
setae have been broken off in my specimen but the wide areoles leave
no doubt as to their function. The prominence and even and com-
partively wide spacing of the palpal teeth is noteworthy. The fixed
finger bears 41 teeth ; the movable one 33.
The legs are figured in detail, showing the approximate distribution
of the setae and the characteristic reticulation. The setae bordering
the posterior margin of the tarsi are apparently not paired although
giving a superficial appearance of it. No tactile setae were observed
on any of the legs, nor were any areoles noted which were fitted for
their reception. This latter might be very easily overlooked how-
ever owing to the roughness of the reticulations. Both claws and
subterminal setae are simple (Fig. 2). The smooth place on the tro-
chanter and pars basalis of Leg IV (Fig. 8) is apparently where they
rub against the body of the animal.
The genitalia are fairly complex and present a very characteristic
general appearance (Fig. 11 and 14). Owing to the lack of a term-
inology it is impossible to say much concerning the genital characters
other than to point out some of the most salient features. Overlying
the entire genitalic structures are the first two abdominal sternites
(really the first and third?), the first one entire and more or less
subtriangular, the second one typically divided. They bear medially
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165
a dense cluster of minute setae (Fig. 5). Everything shown in Fig.
14 is internal. The genital sacs (Fig. 11 g. s.) form one of the most
interesting features. They are almost surely homologous with those
similar structures found in the males of Garypiinis (Chamberlin, 1923).*
These genital sacs are found generally throughout the Ohisiidae appar-
ently. The prominent lateral chitinous rods or apodemes (Fig. 14-c)
apparently help support these sacs. They arc connected across vcntrad
of the median chitinous loop (Fig. 14-d) by a rather slender chitinous
rod or bridge. Apparently they attach basally to the median loop.
Projecting anteriorly from this loop extends a short chitinous rod
which hears distally a complex semi-membranous sac (?) or structure
(Fig. 14-e). The genital sacs themselves seem to arise from two
slender rods which distally flare into a cone-like funnel structure (Fig.
14-a). Posteriorly there appear two prominent crescent-shaped sclents,
each hearing four prominent setae (Fig. 14-b). Apparently ventrad
(not surely) of these sclerites is a large, lunate, rather weakly chitinized
structure which I believe to be the wholly invaginated and hidden
second ventral sternite (Fig. 14-f).
As I see it the ventral segmentation is as follows. There are in all
11 sternites (the normal number of segments in the Pseudoscorpionida).
Of these the last one has fused with the llth tergite to form the shield
tearing the anal opening (Fig. 17). The first one is the broadly
triangular, unpaired sclerite which lies immediately behind the fourth
coxae. The second one then consists of the aforementioned lunate,
internal, unpaired structure (Fig. 14-f) which has been entirely invagi-
nated and hidden by the forward growth of the third sternite which
thus superficially appears as the second segment (Fig. 5). Thus the
second segment has been modified for some special function in con-
nection with the genitalia. (A study of female and immature speci-
mens, I should say, will prove or disprove this theory). In structure
and general appearance the sternites are very similar to the tergites.
The central reticulation of each lateral half is however visibly difrereii1,
the reticulations forming a sub-circular region where the areas enclosed
by the somewhat fainter than normal reticulations, are considerably
smaller than on the rest of the sclerite. The fifth sternite is bonk-nd
posteriorly by a row of 24 minute setae and 10 lyriform fissures. The
lyriform fissures of the posterior segments appear to have a distinct
tendency to assume a longitudinal position in the sternites but this
is not the case in the anterior ones (Figs. 5 and 17). An interesting
feature is found in the lyriform fissures which tend to encircle the
anal opening. Each half of the bi-partite anal operculum bears two
minute setae (Fig. 17).
l\cni(trks — Unfortunately 1 am unable to say anything re-
garding the structure of the spiracles. Apparently tlu-y are
* 1923— Chamberlin, J. C, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. XII.
166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [JuilC, '23
located in the more or less membranous portion of the abdomi-
nal pleura and hence are practically impossible to observe with-
out more dissection than is advisable in the present case.
The skin structure forms one of the most characteristic fea-
tures of the animal. It seems to be very much like that found
in Fcaclla, but as I have seen no specimens of the latter genus I
cannot speak definite!}'. The figures give a fairly adequate
impression of its general appearance.
EXPLANATION or PLATE V.
1-Lcg I.
la — Detail of skin reticulation of leg.
2 — Detail of tip of tarsus of Leg 1.
3 — Median portion of 7th abdominal tergite, showing membranous
median area and longitudinal scutal suture.
4 — Coxae of legs and palpi.
4a — Detail of skin reticulation of coxae.
4b — Lyriform fissures of coxa of palpus.
4ba — Small lyriform fissures on dorsal aspect of pedicel of trochanter
of Leg IV.
4bb — Circular lyriform fissure of coxae of palpi.
5 — Genital area and first few ventral abdominal segments showing
distribution of superficial setae and lyriform fissures.
5a — Skin detail of abdominal sternites.
6 — General dorsal aspect of entire animal showing general appearance.
The tactile setae of the fingers of the palpi were broken off in
the specimen available for study.
7 — Skin detail of right half of 2nd abdominal tergite.
8— Leg IV.
9 — Palpus (On smaller scale than 1 and 8).
9a — Skin detail on hand of palpus.
10 — Detail of carapace. Right half of anterior margin showing the
anterior "horns" and the positions of the eyes.
11 — General aspect of internal genital structures, showing primarily
the position and relative size of the convoluted genital sacs.
12 — Dorso-lateral aspect of chelicerae.
12a — Skin detail on chelicera.
13 — Lateral aspect of chelicera.
13a — Skin detail.
14 — Details of internal chitinous structures of the genitalia.
15 — Claw of palpus from a lateral aspect. Tactile setae not seen.
16 — Ventro-lateral aspect of chelicera.
16a — Detail of heavily granulate margin of chelicera. The dotted line
indicates thickness of chitin.
17 — Ventral aspect of tip of abdomen showing the fused llth tergite
and sternite which medianally bears the anus with its divided
operculum.
18 — Lateral aspect of movable finger of claw of palpus showing denti-
tion and positions of the tactile setae areoles.
19 — Detail of dentition of fingers of claw of palpus.
20 — Lateral aspect of fixed finger of claw of palpus showing dentition
and positions of tactile setae areoles.
21 — Dorsal aspect of movable finger of chelicera.
22 — Ventral aspect of fixed fingers of chelicera.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167
Notes on the Desmodium Sawfly, Atomacera desmodii Dyar*
(Hymen.: Tenthredinidae).
This species, while not recorded by Smith in his "Insects of New
Jersey," is known to occur at Monmouth Junction and undoubtedly
exists in other sections of the state where its food plant grows. It
was described by Dyar in 1900 (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. VIII, pp.
26-27) from specimens collected by him in company with Mr. Busck
in Alexandria County, Virginia.
At Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, adults appear from about the
middle of May to the first week of June and the females deposit their
eggs in the leaves of Mciboinia (Desmodium) canadcnsis, which plant
is common along the borders of streams and swamps in the northern
half of the state. The egg is inserted in the leaf from the upper
surface and the tissue is pushed out considerably above and to a small
extent below each egg. This results in a little, blister-like swelling
which later becomes tinged with red. The presence of eggs is readily
recognized by such discolored swellings. . Each egg is whitish, trans-
lucent, irregularly bean-shaped, broadly rounded at both ends, somewhat
compressed at sides and about 0.7 mm. long and 0.48 mm. wide across
the middle. Some eggs are deposited in irregular, somewhat compact
groups, whereas others are placed scatteringly in the leaf tissue. Vari-
ous leaves were examined and found to contain from 5 to 30 eggs each.
After hatching the larvae feed on the lower surface of the leaf
eating everything except the upper epidermis. The leaf is thus skele-
tonized from the lower surface. The larvae are somewhat gregarious
and feed in groups of two or three or more. Most of them are
greenish, but some of them have a pink or red tinge, many of these
latter ones, however, being mature or nearly so. In severe infestations
nearly every leaf on a plant is injured and sometimes killed.
After becoming full grown the larvae descend to the base of the
plant and construct on the surface of the ground, somewhat loose,
irregular, sepia-colored cocoons. In captivity, with soil absent, these
cocoons are made between two parts of a folded leaf or between
the small developing leaves at the tip of a shoot. Pupation requires
about eight days during the summer and the winter is passed by either
larvae or pupae in cocoons at the base of plant. Observations made
in the field at Monmouth Junction indicate two broods, about two
months being required for a complete life cycle. Adults are present
in numbers during the last of May and first part of June and again
during the last of July and first part of August. Due to the emergence
of the adults and egg deposition over a period of several weeks, con-
siderable overlapping of the broods takes place. The larval stages
were described by Dyar (loc. cit.) and need not be gone into here.—
HARRY B. WEISS and RALPH B. LOTT, New Brunswick, N. J.
* Identified by Mr. S. A. Rohwer through the courtesy of Dr. L. O.
Howard.
168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '23
Studies on Costa Rican Odonata.
X. Megaloprepus, Its Distribution, Variation, Hab:ts and Food.
By PHILIP P. CALVERT, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pa.
(Continued from page 135.)
HABITAT.
As has been stated in the Neuroptera volume (page 53) of
the Biologia Ccntrali- Americana, Megaloprepus is an inhabitant
of tropical forests. The "Florida road," west of Guapiles,
from which our specimens Nos. 2-7 were obtained was, to
quote from my diary of June 3, 1909:
a trail leading into untouched forest . . . westward. . . . We fol-
lowed it for about a mile perhaps. ... Its width varies and is often
not greater than that of one's body, but is travelled often on horse- or
mule-back. On each side of the trail the vegetation is so thick and
dense that one can not make way for more than a few feet unless he
cut it with a machete. ... In this forest are mingled deciduous
exogenous trees of many kinds and a variety of palms. The former
are rather high on the whole perhaps, but there are many exceptions.
All the trees lack branches until they are many feet above the ground
but this lower space is occupied by the epiphytes and parasitic plants,
bromeliads, ferns, orchids, lianas and other vines which from the trunks
or from the far-away branches shoot upward or hang down and twist
and twine in both profusion and confusion. On the ground itself are
shrubs and smaller plants reaching up to mingle with those descend-
ing. There is much difference in the trunks of the trees as to bare-
ness or to being covered with lichens. The large exogenous trees rise
out of the soil with many ridge-like buttresses, while the palms have
many aerial roots. Most of the birds are far away overhead in the
foliage of the trees proper, but sometimes an opening above, admitting
sunshine, gives a glimpse of them, or there is a swarm of butterflies
around a full-flowered tree. [Peccaries and red monkeys were observed
by some of our party here this day.]
Another forest area near Guapiles, in which male No. 1 was
taken on June 2, 1909, and which was revisited on June 4, is
described in my diary of the latter date in these words :
The forest differs from that through which the Florida road passes
in the very much fewer palms to be found in it, although the difference
in elevation is not more than 100-200 feet. It may have been partially
deared once, but as many of the tall exogenous trees are untouched
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 169
and surrounded by thick growth it seems unlikely that these would
have been left and the palms cut out if they had been here, since
comparatively few species of the latter are of use to man.
The female from Guacimo, of June 7, 1909, was brought to
me alive by Messrs Stable and P.lair, who said that they had
caught it in the banana field. As these fields in many places
extended to the forest, no long flight would be required of
the Megaloprepus to come into the open.
The canon of the Rio Reventazon at Juan Vinas, in which
this species was observed on June 25 and September 29, was
occupied by the remains of a forest including
great trees draped with mosses and Tillandsias, hung with lianas, with
epiphytic bromeliads and arums perched on every projection. On a
lower level were small palms, begonias, maiden hair and other ferns,
arums large and small, and many kinds of Musaceae and Marantaceae,
etc., many with large bracts of brilliant red or orange. A cart road
descended the side of the canon in a series of zigzags.
At Peralta, on August 7, 1909, a Megaloprepus was watched
in
tropical forest with very tall exogenous trees and many palms from
both of which hung lianas, mosses and ferns, the lianas binding the
trunks and branches together, while the soil was very damp and in
places deep mud. Altho' the sun was shining the foliage was dense
enough to prevent strong light from reaching the ground. ... It
was between two views of monkeys [Cebus capiicinits] that I saw a
M ciHilnprepns . . .alight first on one then on another twig, 7-10 feet
above a little stream whose waters were arched over and partly covered
by vegetation. . . . [The next morning, August 8], I went back to
the woods where I saw the monkeys and Megaloprepus yesterday after-
noon, but although I spent two hours in the immediate neighborhood,
I saw none of the two M's.
On August 10, I went up the Chiriqui [ ?] river trail; the
river empties into the Reventazon one mile north of Peralta
station on the railroad. After passing through woods,
I reached a clearing with much grass and a few trees, beyond w'lieh
was a grove of large trees with no undergrowth or grass, the ground
much cut up with hoofs and muddy. Crossing this clearing I caught
a Mct/dlo^i-cpus much to my surprise — the locality was indeed 'far from
water' but certainly not 'deep woods.' The buttress-nml.- of M me of
1/0 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '23
the trees in the grove enlarged the diameters of their trunks at the
ground to twenty or thirty feet. The altitude of the little hill on which
this grove was situated was 1400 feet by my aneroid.
One individual Mcgaloprcpus was observed in a stretch of
woodland along Agua Buena creek, within two miles of the
Caribbean coast, on November 7, 1909,
alighting on leaves and steins for longer or shorter periods, sometimes
directly over water, at others not more than ten feet away, and some-
times not more than one foot from the water's surface.
Another individual was seen, at about five miles (8 km.)
distant from the preceding locality and six miles from the
sea-coast, in dark forest, near the upper reservoir, on the Rio
Banana, supplying Limon with water, November 9. In this
same forest were seen or taken Mccistogaster nwdcstiis, Philo-
t/cnia carrillica, Protoneura rcinissa, Gynacantha gracilis and
Triacanthagyna satynts Martin, teste Wllmsn. ( trifida auc-
torum, pars).
TIME OF FLIGHT.
The dates when the imagos were seen or taken on the Atlan-
tic slope of Costa Rica fall between April 22 and November
18. These are in the wetter part of the year although no sharp
distinction into wet and dry seasons can be made for this slope.
The few dates from the Pacific side of the country, where this
distinction holds good, are in the wet season ; one exception,
however, must be noted. The male from Quebrada de Java,
cited in the Biologia, page 352, was dated 18. II. 97, presum-
ably, therefore, in the dry season.
•
MANNER OF FLIGHT AND POSITION AT REST.
The following notes were made at Guapiles, June 2, 1909:
When flying the four wings are spread quite far apart, fore and hind
wing of the same side far apart, body horizontal. Flight slow enough
so that the movements of each separate wing can be seen — insect con-
sequently moves slowly but can dodge. Mr. Barnes compared the move-
ments of the wings to that of a windmill, but the revolving move-
ments are lacking ; I should say the effect produced by the wings is
more like that of a jumping-jack with movable arms and legs pulled
by one string, rather slowly, but, of course, at regular intervals.
When caught and held by the wings, the legs are folded up against
XXXJV, '2.1 ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171
tlu- thorax and held immovable, even though they are touched or rnhbrd
—animal seems to "play 'possum." Held by the mid-abdomen, move-
ment soon appears in legs and wings.
The male on which these notes were based was kept alive and after
dark let loose in my bedroom, whose walls and ceiling were of dark-
stained wood, with yellow straw matting on the floor, and having an
incandescent electric light hanging from the ceiling in the centre of
the room. | The light was turned on. | Mci/uloprcpns always went up
to the ceiling, a height of 8-9 feet, although the light hung at mid-height
from floor to ceiling. Once, when released near the light, the insect
got under its fluted shade and bumped against it repeatedly until I
gently moved the insect out and then the latter went up to the ceiling.
I noticed that specimens in the forest at which I struck and missed
usually rose, at the same time making into the vegetation.
The dark purple blue band on the otherwise clear wings makes the
insect conspicuous when flying through the forest. Some writers, who
have not seen this insect in life, have suggested that the dark bands,
by resembling flickering shadows cast by leaves, etc., are thereby pro-
tective, but I can not see that this supposed resemblance exists.
As to the position assumed by Meyaloprcpus when at rest
under entirely natural conditions, I have but one note, made
at Peralta, August 7, 1909, in continuation of that quoted
unfed, page 169, viz.: that on alighting on twigs, the abdomen
and wings hung downward, the abdomen almost perpendicu-
larly.
The experiment in my bedroom, the occurrence of the speci-
mens in the banana field at Guacimo and in the grove on the
Chiriqui river trail near Peralta may, perhaps, indicate posi-
tive geotropic and phototropic tendencies in this insect in spite
of its normal habitat in dense forest.
PERSISTENCE OF LIFE WITHOUT FOOD.
The female taken at Guacimo on June 7, 190(), was carried
alive to Cartago where it flew a little around our room in the
afternoon of June 8 and had some power of wing movement
on June 9.
FOOD.
The male Mcyaloprcpits No. 14, taken at . \lnjuela, Costa
Rica, August 8, 1915, by Mr. 1). K. Harnnver, remained in the
paper envelope in which it had been placed by the collector
until August 10, 1922. It was then studied in detail for the
172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '23
first time and was found to have a spicier, about 5 mm. long,
in its mouth. The spider was held principally by the dragon-
fly's labium which was below the prey, all the other mouth
parts being above it and their positions not indicative of having
had hold of it at the time of death of the dragonfly. The
maxillae were almost touching each other at the tips of their
inner lobes, the mandibles had their tips partly crossed. The
median lobe of the labium was thrown caudad of the lateral
lobes, the position of the latter being such that their sharp
(unarticulated) spines held the spider between them. The
anterior four legs of the dragonfly were drawn up toward the
mouth and in the dead insect supported the anterior part of
the spider's body — whether this was only a death position or
represented actual conditions while the dragonfly was alive,
it is impossible to say. It was the hind end of the spider that
was held by the lateral labial lobes ; it had already been lacer-
ated and some small detached pieces of it were found deeper
in the dragonfly's mouth. The chelicerae, pedipalps and all
eight legs of the spider were still attached to its body, but
several of the more distal joints of the anterior three left legs
had become detached when the examination was made, which
was after the dragonfly in its envelope had been in a relaxing
jar for 24 hours.
This spider was kindly examined by Mr. Nathan Banks who
wrote that it was "an immature specimen of a Gastcracantha;
it might be one of two or three closely related species, probably
cancriformis or kochi."
It is frequently my practice, when collecting Odonata, to put
each specimen at once, into a paper envelope for some hours
before killing it in order that it may empty the contents of its
alimentary canal and so lessen the amount of decomposition
within its body after death and reduce the extent of discolor-
ation of the abdomen. Having done so with some of my
Mcgaloprepus and having preserved their excrement, I softened
the pellets in distilled water, teased them apart, dehydrated,
cleared and mounted them in balsam. A microscopic exami-
nation of the excrement of male No. 1 revealed the two> frag-
ments represented in text figures 1 and 4, while from that of
xxxiv, '23]
KXTO.MOLor.lCAI. \K\VS
173
FRAGMENTS OF SPIDERS FROM THE EXCREMENT OF Meg-alof>re/>ns caerulalns.
Fig. i, Apex of tarsus wilh claws, s me of the lower claw dotted. Fig. 2, A
last tarsal joint ; one of the serrate claws is broken straight across at less than half
length, the other is intact. Hig. 3, Basal part of a chelicera; dotted lines show hairs
on the under side of the preparation. rjig. 4, Terminal joint of a pedipalp?'3 Figs,
i and 4 are from the excrement of male No. I, figs. 2 and 3 from that of female No. 8
All four drawings were made by camera lucida a'tached to a compound microscope
with oculars 2 or ,~, objectives C or DD Zeiss. Alongside each figure is a scale in
l-ioos of i mm.
"A comparison of our fi.min.-s 1-4 with the foil figures in Prof.
.1. H. Comstock's Spider 121, 122, pu.^r IJ.i (tarsal claws);
81, pai^o 101 (chelicera); and 90, pa-jc 1(15 ( ]> ••rpalp), ri'.sprrthely,
will enable the interested reader to judge of the probability of the cor-
rectness of the legend below our
174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '23
female No. 8 came the pieces shown in figures 2 and 3. Mr.
Banks saw the drawings from which these figures have been
made and wrote of them :
Numbers 1 and 2 show tips of tarsi of probably an Agalenid spider,
but if front tarsi might be, as far as I can tell, of a Theridiid spider.
They are not of an Epeirid spider (family of Gasteracantha), since
there are no accessory claws (serrate spines) present. I cannot guess
the family of the other figures.
In this connection may be quoted a passage from a non-
entomological source14 recording the only observation known
to me on the food habits, not of Megaloprepus it is true, but/
of another member of its group :
Spinning through the aisles made by the giant columns of tree-trunks,
were curious translucent pin-wheels, and not until we captured one in
the butterfly net did we realize we were looking at the same attenuated
forest dragon-flies (Mecistogastcr sp.) which had deceived us so com-
pletely five years ago in Mexico. The movement of the long narrow
wings with the spot of white at the tips was, to the eye, a circular
revolving whirl, with the needle-sized body trailing behind. The white
spots revolved rapidly, while the rest of the wings became a mere gray
haze. These weird creatures, apparently so ethereal and fragile, were
hunting for spiders, and their method was regular and methodical.
From under leaves or from the heart of widespread webs, good-sized
spiders were snatched. A momentary juggling with the strong legs,
a single nip and the spider minus its abdomen dropped to the mould,
while the dragon-fly alighted and sucked the juices of its victim. If
we drew near one of these spiders on its web, it instantly darted away,
sliding down a silken cable to the ground or dashing into some crevice,
but the approach of the hovering dragon-fly, although rather deliberate,
'was unheeded, the spider remaining quiet until snatched from its place.
Spiders are not included in Mr. Campion's list of Sonic
Dragonflies and their Prey.15
I was unable to find the still unknown larvae of Megalopre-
pus. One would expect them to occur in situations analogous
to those of Mecistogaster, whose larval characteristics and
transformation were described in Numbers II and III of these
Studies.16
14 Beebe, M. B. and C. W. Our Search for a Wilderness, New York,
Henry Holt & Co., 1910, pp. 270-271. The observation was made near
the Big Aremu River, British Guiana, in late March, 1909.
15 Annals & Magazine Nat. Hist., London, (8) XIII, pp. 495-505. 1914
"Entom. News, XXII, pp. 402-411, 449-460, pis. xvii-xix, 1911.
'23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175
The Cordylurid Genus Paralleloma and its Nearest
Allies (Dipt.).
By J. R. MALLOCH, U. S. Bureau of Biological Survey.
Washington, D. C.
(Contiiuied from page 140.)
PARALLELOMA Becker.
This genus is difficult to distinguish from Cordylnra. at least
in this country, if one attempts to do M> 1>y using the principal
character cited by its describer for that purpose. The dorso-
centrals in the great majority of the species of Cordylura are
very much stronger than in typical species of Paralleloma, but
in some species they are weak and only the complete sixth \v ing-
vein serves to separate them from Paralleloma when this is the
case. I have included in the key Cordylnra praensta Loew, and
a new species of that genus which have the thoracic dorsocen-
trals much weaker than is the rule in Cordylnra, though they
belong to that genus.
The genotype of Paralleloma, albipcs Fallen, has the apical
third of the first wing-vein setulose as has also another Euro-
pean species I have seen. No American species has more than
one or two weak setulae near apex of first vein but I do not
consider they are entitled to generic separation.
Thoracic coloration in this genus is very variable, some spe-
cies having the clorsum entirely black, or yellow, or with a pale
central vitta and two black lateral vittae.
Keys to species.
Males.
1. Mid tibia without long hairs on ventral surfaces 2
—Mid tibia with erect soft hairs on ventral surface which are at least
as long as diameter of tibia 3
2. Basal segment of fore tarsus with fine hairs on posterior side which
are longer than width of segment, mid and hind femora with dense
erect soft hairs ventrally ; processes of fifth sternite rounded at
apices tarsulis sp. n.
—Basal segment of fore tarsus and mid and hind femora without such
hairs ; processes of fifth sternite truncate at apices. . sciipularis ( Loew )
3. Sixth wing-vein complete; fifth abdominal sternite elongate, tapered
posteriorly, bare on disc, and armed with a number of black bristly
hairs along its upper margin ; thorax entirely yellow
C">rd\lura ['racuxtii I .< iew.
176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '23
—Sixth wing-vein not reaching margin of wing; fifth abdominal
sternite not as above 4
4. Processes of fifth abdominal sternite rounded at apices, their sur-
faces with long and moderately dense hairs all over 5
Processes of fifth abdominal sternite either emarginate at apex or
the surface has at most a few weak hairs 6
5. Fore tibia with long yellow hairs on posterior surface in addition
to the yellow bristles ; pleurae largely black or at least with a
black streak posteriorly ; mesonotum black to extreme lateral margin
pleuritica (Loew) (slossonac Coquillet ; vicina Cresson?)
—Fore tibia with very short yellow hairs, the strong bristles black and
not very long; pleurae entirely yellow; mesonotum narrowly yellow
along lateral margins . . .dimidiata Cresson
6. Neither mid nor hind femora with strong black bristles ventrally. . . .7
—Both mid and hind femora with strong black bristles ventrally 8
7. Fore tibia with soft hairs on posterior surface which exceed in length
the diameter of tibia ; all hairs on mid tibia much longer than dia-
meter of tibia; fifth abdominal sternite broad, longer than in pracu-
sta, the apex with a slight rounded emargination.. . cinaryinata sp. n.
—Fore tibia similar to above; mid tibia with hairs not distinctly longer
than its diameter except on its posterior side; processes of fifth
abdominal sternite slightly pointed at apex, the ventral margin
longer than the upper and straight, the upper or dorsal margin with
a small but distinct rounded emargination near base, the apex not
emarginate banksi sp. n.
8. Fore tibia with short hairs in addition to the long bristles ; mid tibia
with the ventral hairs not longer .than the tibial diameter except
posteriorly ; posterior notopleural bristle present ; sixth vein tapered
to a fine line apically ; processes of fifth abdominal sternite short
and broad, with a small rounded emargination siniilata sp. n.
—Fore tibia with short hairs, the bristles weak; all hairs on ventral
surface o-f mid tibiae as long as, or longer than, tibial diameter;
posterior notopleural bristle absent ; sixth vein abruptly broken
off at apex ; processes of fifth abdominal sternite narrow and
rounded apically, their lower margin straight to near middle,
presenting a truncate appearance and with a few short setulose hairs
at lower anterior angle munda (Loew)
Females.
1. Fore femur with 3 long, black bristles on basal half of postero-
ventral surface; cross-veins of wings not distinctly infuscated; mid
and hind femora without ventral bristles scapularis (Loew)
—Fore femur with at least 4 long, black bristles on posteroventral
surface, the last one distinctly beyond middle, at least the outer
cross-vein infuscated; hind femur with ventral bristles 2
2. Sixth wing-vein complete, traceable to wing margin 3
—Sixth wing-vein not reaching margin of wing 4
xxxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 177
3. Yellow species, legs and palpi yellow ; a pair of fine setulose apical
hairs on scutellum ; abdominal tergites with distinct apical bristles
pntcitsUi Loew
—Glossy black species, legs black, bases of femora and entire fore
tibia yellow, fore tarsi yellow at bases of segments below, and black
at apices; no apical hairs on scutellum; abdominal tergites without
distinct apical bristles dcccptira sp. n.
4. Mid femur with one or two strong bristles beyond middle on antero-
ventral surface; thorax either entirely yellow or with two linear
brown dorsal vittae, both notopleural bristles long and strong;
first vein with one or two setulae on apical half siiuilala sp. n.
—Mid femur without anteroventral bristle, or the thoracic dorsum is
largely or entirely black ; first vein bare 5
5. Mid femur with one or two bristles on apical half of ventral surface;
posterior notopleural bristle present ; pleurae yellow ; ventral bristle
on mid tibia of moderate size ijlabra ( Loew ) ?
—Mid femur without bristles on apical half of ventral surface 6
6. Pleura with a black vitta below base of wing; last section of costa,
between apices of veins 3 and 4, less than half as long as preceding
section ; humeri almost entirely black ; ventral bristle on mid tibia
strong plcitritica (Loew)
—Pleura entirely yellow ; lower half of humeri yellow 7
7. Posterior notopleural bristle absent ; mid tibia with a ventral bristle
inniida Loew
—Posterior notopleural bristle present 8
8. Thoracic dorsum glossy black diuiidinlii Cresson
-Thoracic dorsum yellow, with 2 broad black vittae . . .cmnri/imtta sp. n.
Paralleloma scapularis (Loew).
Pale yellow, black on upper half of occiput, ocellar spot, each side
of dorsum of thorax and scutellum, almost all of metanotum, and the
abdomen except hypopygium in male. Wings clear.
Mid and hind femora in both sexes without distinct ventral bristles.
The only male I have seen lacks the prealar bristle.
'Originally described from Canada. J have seen specimens
from Glen House, Xe\v Hampshire, and ('<>ha>sc-t, Massachu-
setts, and took it at Chain Bridge, Virginia, and ( irand Tower.
Illinois.
Paralleloma tarsalis sp. n.
$. — Shining black; head whitish yellow, upper half of occiput and
ocellar spot black; thorax with a yellowish vitta which does not extend
over scutellum: a black mark covers must of the metanotum and is
faintly visible below bases of wings and above hind coxae; processes
of fifth sternite and the legs yellow. Outer cross-vein and tips of wings
clouded.
178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '23
Hairs on fore tibia short, the bristles weak ; fore tarsus slightly
broadened, the marginal hairs longer than usual, especially on posterior
side of basal segment ; mid and hind femora with soft erect dense hairs
on ventral surfaces which are not conspicuously longer at any part
than diameter of femur ; mid tibia without soft hairs, the bristles short.
Processes of fifth sternite moderately long, parallel-sided, rounded
apically with but few hairs. Venation as in mnnda.
Length, 7 mm.
Type, Chain Bridge, Virginia, May 7, 1922 (J. R. Malloch),
in the author's collection. Paratypc, male, Ottawa, Canada
(U. S. N. M.).
Paralleloma pleuritica (Loew).
Pale yellow, black on occiput except lower third, upper half or more
of frons, entire dorsum of thorax, scutellum and metanotum, all of
abdomen except the hypopygial forceps of male, and a stripe below and
behind bases of wings, and sometimes the greater part of pleurae. The
hind femora are sometimes brown above apically, and there is usually
a brownish suffusion on the cross-veins and apices of wings anteriorly.
The male has the fore and mid tibiae long haired ventrally and
posteriorly and all the femora long haired ventrally and without distinct
ventral bristles. The female has a preapical anteroventral bristle on
hind femur, and a preapical ventral bristle on mid tibia. The processes
of fifth abdominal sternite in male are a little longer than broad and
evenly rounded apically.
Originally described from Canada. Since recorded from
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and New Jersey.
1 have seen specimens from Rhode Island and Illinois. Coquil-
lett described this species as Cordylura slossouac from Massa-
chusetts, and New Hampshire, and Cresson as ricina from
Pennsylvania.
Paralleloma dimidiata Cresson.
In addition to the characters mentioned in the key this species differs
from pleuritica in having the fore tarsi slightly broadened in both sexes
and with fine hairs along the posterior margins, most noticeable on
basal segment and in male.
Originally described from Pennsylvania. I took a male and
female at Glen Echo, Maryland, July 2, 1922. The female was
previously unknown.
Paralleloma similata sp. n.
Glossy testaceous yellow, with the upper part of occiput, posterior
part of frons and dorsum of thorax darker; ocellar spot and two
narrow, submedian, dorsal vittae on thorax blackish ; abdomen varying
from brown to fuscous. One male from New Hampshire has the
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179
dorsum of the thorax almost entirely brownish black, and the abdotiu -n
except the hypopygial forceps and processes of fiftli abdominal sternite
similarly colored. Legs entirely yellow. \Yings with the cross-veins
and the tips of longitudinal veins at apex of wing slightly infuscated.
The mid and hind femora in male are rather long haired ventrally and
have each one or two preapical black bristles on anteroventral surface.
The female has no long hairs on the femora and the anteroventral
bristles are farther from apex. Both the mid and hind femora in this
sex have a very long, fine bristle at base on ventral surface and the
mid and hind tibiae have each a preapical, ventral bristle. Posterior
notopleural and prealar bristle both long. Processes of fifth abdominal
sternite not longer than broad, with a small rounded emargination in
apical margin, the surface almost bare, with a few hairs along the
truncate part of lower margin.
Length, 7-8 mm.
T\pc, male, and allotype, Ottawa, Canada, May 15, in the
author's collection. Pamtypcs, one male, Bretton Woods, New
Hampshire, June 26, 1913; one female, Mt. Washington, New
Hampshire, July 28, 1915, 2500 ft. (C. W. Johnson).
Paralleloma munda (Loew).
This species closely resembles plcuritica Loew and more especially
the form in which the pleura are largely yellow, the color being almost
identical except that the black streak on posterior part of pleura is
either absent or very short in tintndit. The femora are also pale in both
sexes. The processes of the fifth abdominal sternite in the males of the
two species are very different, that of mund'i having a truncate part
on lower margin which is about half as long as the process, and there
are only a few hairs present which are confined to the anterior angle
of the truncation on lower margin.
( )riginally described from Canada and since recorded from
New Hampshire. 1 have taken it frequently in Illinois and it
is common near Washington, D. C., in May, where it is the
commonest species of the genus. I have also seen it from
Quebec, Canada.
Both sexes have a color variety with a broad yellow dorso-
central thoracic vitta which extends over disc of scutellum.
Paralleloma emarginata sp. n.
In color similar to the vittate variety of niunda.
The processes of the fifth ventral abdominal sternite of male differ
very strikingly from those of imunia, being a little longer than broad.
of equal width to apex and with a broad rounded emargination at
apex; the lower margin has a few hairs on apical half which extend
onto the disc slightly.
Length, 7-8 mm.
180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '23
Type, male, Auburndale, Massachusetts, August 2. Allo-
typc, same locality, June 26. Paratype, Riverside, Massachu-
setts, May 22 ( C. W. Johnson) ; Germantown, Pennsylvania,
May 25, 1907 (Harbeck). In the collection of the Boston
Society of Natural History.
Paralleloma emarginata var. dorsalis var. n.
Differs from the type form in having the dorsum of thorax glossy
black, and the propleura and metapleura dull black. In other respects
similar to type.
Length, 8 mm.
Type, Chain Bridge, Virginia, May 23 (N. Banks) in Mr.
Banks' collection.
Paralleloma banksi sp. n.
$. — Similar in color to the dark form of plcuritica, the dorsum of
thorax and abdomen being wholly glossy black and the pleura almost
entirely black. The processes oi fifth abdominal sternite of male are
almost entirely yellow. Legs yellow. Wings slightly browned at apices.
The mid and hind femora have fine, but not very long, ventral hairs
and no distinct ventral bristles, and only the posterior hairs on mid
tibiae are distinctly longer than the diameter of the tibiae. The pro-
cesses of fifth abdominal sternite are longer than broad, their ventral
margin almost straight and longer than the upper, the latter with a
short rounded emargination near base.
Length, 7.5 mm.
Type, New York. From the Loew collection, labelled "sp. n.
munda aff." In the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts.
Cordylura deceptiva sp. n.
9 . — Glossy black. Face and bases of palpi cream colored, frontal
orbits and frons and the narrow postocular orbits white pruinescent.
Fore coxae, trochanters, and bases of all femora, entire fore tibiae,
knees of mid and hind legs, and bases of tarsi yellow, the apices of
fore tarsal segments black below. Tips of wings and the cross-veins
infuscate.
Arista short, long plumose above and below. Posterior notopleural
and prealar short, only the posterior pair of dorsocentrals distinct.
Scutellum with 2 strong bristles. Fore femur with 4 or 5 posteroventral
bristles on basal half ; hind femur with 2 or 3 anteroventral bristles on
apical half; mid tibia with the ventral bristle strong; hind tibia with 2
anterodorsal, 1 anteroventral, and 2 posterodorsal bristles. Outer cross-
vein nearly twice its own length from inner ; first vein bare.
Length, 7 mm.
Type, Henry, Michigan, August 27, 1919 (W. L. McAtee),
in the United States National Museum.
Superficially closely resembles Achaetella varipcs Walker.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 181
Undescribed Crane-Flies from Argentina
(Dipt. : Tipulidae). Part VI.
By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Amherst, Massachusetts.
The species described in the present installment were all col-
lected by Dr. Charles Bruch in the Provinces of Buenos Aires
and Cordoba. My deepest thanks are extended to Dr. Bruch
for his co-operation in making known the interesting Tipulid
fauna of Argentina. The types are preserved in the writer's
collection.
Molophilus honestus sp. n.
Head yellowish ; antennae of male rather short, dark brown ; mesono-
tal praescutum brownish yellow, the median area indistinctly darkened ;
pleura pale with a conspicuous, brown, longitudinal stripe ; halteres
yellow ; wings pale brownish, subhyaline ; abdomen dark brown, the
hypopygium and ovipositor yellowish ; male hypopygium with the
ventral appendage elongate, with a small acute spine on the ventromesal
face near two-fifths the length, the apex of the blade slightly flattened
and with close-set appressed teeth.
$. Length 3.4-3.5 mm.; wing 4.6-4.7 mm. 9. Length 4 mm.; wing
4.8 mm.
Rostrum testaceous ; palpi dark brown. Antennae of the male rather
short, if bent backward, not extending beyond the wing-root; antennae
dark brown ; flagellar segments elongate-oval with the long, black ver-
ticils; in the female, the flagellar segments are cylindrical or short-oval.
Head pale yellowish, the vertex with conspicuous yellow bristles.
Pronotal scutellum conspicuously white. Mesonotal praescutum brown-
ish yellow with an ill-defined, brownish, median area, the lateral margins
whitish; interspaces with long, black bristles; scutum pale, the lobes
brown ; scutellum broad, pale yellow ; postnotum brown. Pleura pale
with a whitish bloom; dorsopleural membrane whitish; a broad, con-
spicuous, dark brown stripe extending from the cervical sclerites to the
postnotum and base of the abdomen ; mesosternum brown. Halteres light
yellow.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters pale yellow; femora and tibiae
brownish yellow ; tarsi brown.
Wings pale brownish, subhyaline, the base a little more yellowish;
veins pale brown; wing-apex slightly pointed. Venation: Deflection of
^4~K about equal to r-ni ; basal deflection of Ci(, about two-thirds the
petiole of cell M;I ; vein 2nd A long, the distal end bent strongly toward
the wing-tip.
Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium obscure yellow. Male hypo-
pygium with the ventral appendage very long and slender, extending
almost to the ends of the pleurites, at about two-fifths the length, on
182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '23
the ventro-mesal face, with a small, acute spine ; the long apical point
is slightly flattened near the tip, this apical Made with numerous
appressed serrations. Ovipositor reddish horn color, the tergal valves
rather strongly upcurved ; sternal valves dark brown, slender, straight.
Holotypc:$, La Granja, Alta Gracia, Cordoba, April 1-8,
1920 (C. Bruch). Allotopotype : 9 . Paratopotypcs: 2 $ 's.
Molophilus bruchi sp. n.
Antennae pale brown; mesonotal praescutum obscure yellow, with
three, broad, dark brown stripes ; halteres with the knobs yellow ; wings
with conspicuous, brownish black hairs ; abdomen brownish black ;
ventral appendage of male hypopygium shaped as broad-based simple
horns.
$ . Length about 2.8-3 mm. ; wing 3.7 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae pale brown, the basal seg-
ments light yellow ; flagellum short, the segments cylindrical. Head
grayish brown.
Mesonotal praescutum narrowly margined with whitish, the disk
obscure yellowish brown with tin- humeral region brighter yellow, with
three, broad, ill-defined dark brown stripes, the median stripe very nar-
rowly and indistinctly split by a pale line ; praescutal interspaces with
conspicuous black and yellow setae ; remainder of mesonotum dark-
brown. Pleura dark brown, gray prninose. Halteres light brown, the
knobs conspicuously light yellow.
Legs with the coxae yellowish brown ; trochanters obscure yellow ;
remainder of the legs dark brown.
Wings pale brown with conspicuous, brownish black trichiae ; veins
rather pale.
Abdomen dark brownish black, Male hypopygium with the ventral
appendage in the form of a conspicuous, curved, simple horn, broad
basally, tapering gradually to the acute point. Pleural appendage slen-
der, deeply branched, the dorsal arm slender, the ventral arm widened
into a truncated blade. Gonapophyses flattened, near the base on the
lateral margin with a conspicuous, laterally directed spine.
Holotypc: $, Palo Blanco, La Plata, April 24, 1920 (C.
Bruch). Paratopotypcs: numerous $ 's.
This interesting Molopkilus is named in honor of the collec-
tor, Dr. Charles Bruch.
Gonomyia (Progonomyia) saxicola sp. n.
General coloration pale yellow, variegated with brown ; male hypo-
pygium with the intermediate appendage bifid, the outer branch appear-
ing as a tiny spine at the base of the long inner branch.
$. Length 4-4.2 mm.; wing 5.8-6 mm. 9. Length 5.8 mm.; win;:
6.2 mm.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOC.ICAL NEWS 183
Rostrum dark brown, sparsely pruinose ; palpi dark brown. Antennae
dark brown, the basal segment of the scape sparsely pruinose ; flagellar
segments elongate. Head broad, light gray, the center of the vertex
suffused with light brown.
Pronotal scutum large and conspicuous, pale brownish yellow, heavily
dusted with whitish pollen ; scutellum dull yellow, the median area nar-
rowly brown. Mesonotal praescutum pale brownish gray with four dark
brown stripes, the intermediate stripes very closely approximated ;
pseudosutural foveae large and conspicuous, black; scutum brownish
gray, the centers of the lobes darker ; scutellum pale ; postnotum dark
brown, paler laterally, the pleurotergites conspicuously light gray pru-
inose. Pleura pale yellow, with a broad, brownish, longitudinal stripe
extending from the cervical sclerites to beneath the wing-root; sternum
largely dark brown. Halteres elongate, pale, the knobs brown.
Legs with the coxae obscure brownish yellow ; trochanters dull yellow ;
femora and tibiae obscure brownish yellow, the tips of the latter nar
rowly and indistinctly darkened ; tarsi brown.
Wings subhyaline ; stigma small, short-oval, pale brown ; veins pale
brown. Venation : Sc moderately elongate, Scl extending to about one-
third the length of Rs, Sc.2 far from the tip of 5Y,, a little before mid-
length of that part of Sc beyond the origin of Rs; r at the fork of
R3-\-3, oblique in position, sometimes indistinct ; R2 straight, in align-
ment with and longer than R.,+3; cell ist M, open; basal deflection of
Cic of the subgenns: Cryptolabis (Procryptolabis] ar20. I'aratopotypcs: 5 $ 's.
April 18-24, 1920. "
Brachypremna australis sp. n.
Frontal prolongation of the head and mouth parts light yellow; he i 1
light gray; mesonotal pracscutum yellowish brown with two, interme-
diate, parallel, dark brown stripes; lateral stripes pale brown, each send-
ing a brown line laterad to the margin of the sderite ; a conspicuous.
186 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [June, '23
black, rounded spot at the pseudosutural foveae ; tibiae and tarsi uni-
formly dark brown ; wings light grayish yellow, the costal and apical
region more saturated.
$ . Length 11.5 mm.; wing 13.3-13.5 mm. 9. Length 14 mm.; wing
14.2-15.2 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head and the mouth parts conspicuously light
yellow ; palpi with the basal two segments dark brownish black, the
distal segments paler brown. Antennae with the scapal segments light
yellow, sparsely pollinose ; fiagellum dark brown, the basal two or three
segments more brownish yellow. Head light gray, dusted with yellow.
Prouotum pale buff, with three brown markings, the median mark
broadest. Mesonotal praescutum rather bright yellow to reddish brown,
subshiny ; three praescutal stripes, the broad median stripe almost of
the ground-color, the margins conspicuously but narrowly dark brown,
these marking's ending before the suture ; lateral stripes pale brown,
from the anterior end of each a darker mark extends laterad to the
margin of the sclerite ; pseudosutural foveae small, rounded, black ;
scutum with the median area dull yellow, each lobe more grayish, with
a V-shaped brown marking; scutellum yellow with a small brown spot
in the center ; postnotum brownish yellow with a brown longitudinal
stripe on either side of the narrow median line. Pleura pale yellow,
sparsely pruinose, the mesepisternum a little infuscated. Halteres yel-
low, the knobs pale brown.
Legs with the coxae pale, the middle coxae with a rounded dark
brown spot on the cephalic face, the posterior coxae with a slightly
larger spot on the outer face ; trochanters dull yellow ; femora brownish
yellow, the tips narrowly dark brown ; tibiae and tarsi uniformly dark
brown.
Wings light grayish yellow, the costal region more saturated yellow ;
apex slightly darkened; stigma yellow, narrowly encircled with brown;
some of the longitudinal veins narrowly seamed with darker, clearest at
the tips of Rt-\-r, and M^. Venation : r-in very short or obliterated by the
punctiform contact of ^4+5 on A/i+3; vein 2nd A very short.
Abdominal tergites yellowish brown, the subterminal tergites darker,
almost black; lateral margins of sclerites narrowly grayish; sternites
with elongate-oval black marks ; male hypopygium light yellow. In the
female, the abdomen is uniformly light brown, but the basal tergite
shows two parallel darker longitudinal stripes.
Holotype: $ , La Granja, Alta Gracia, Cordoba, April 1-8,
1920 (C. Bruch). Allotopotypc: 9. Paratopotypcs: several of
both sexes, some in alcohol.
Brachypremna aitstralis is the most southerly representative of
the genus yet made known. In the venation and uniformly
darkened tibiae and tarsi, it agrees only with the Amazonian B
unifonnis Alexander, from which it differs conspicuously in
its yellow mouth parts and conspicuous thoracic pattern.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1923.
The Worthy Flea.
In years gone by more than one entomological journal has
drawn remarks appropriate to our science from the writings of
Oliver Wendell Holmes. Another source, also of high literary
quality, for critiques of the study, and of students, of insects is
to be found in Enjoyiny Life and Other Literary tienuiins of
\Y. X. P. Barbellion. liarbellion was the pen name of Bruce
Frederick Cummings, for five years on the entomological staff
of the British Museum, the brief announcement of whose death
is to be found in the Xi-:\vs for May, 1920, page 149. One of
his delightful essays is entitled The Searabee Monographed,
published originally in The Font in and reprinted in Enjoying
Life. Here is a bit that will surely whet the reader's appetite
for more :
Recollecting, perhaps, the sentiment expressed by Boyle, that nothing
can he unworthy of investigation by man that was not unworthy of
being created by God, a member of the wealthy Rothschild family is at
the present moment the foremost authority on the Siphonaptera, a
name which polite students give to the fleas. In the lay mind the flea
is only a joke — and always one which must be cracked. But, "pour les
vrais savans," he is a serious and very attractive study in comparative
anatomy, bionomics and metamorphosis. Even lice have never lacked
students. Henry Denny monographed the British species as early as
1842. The "Monographia Anoplurum Britanniae" is a very curious old
book, concluding with a quotation from the 91st Psalm: "These all
wait upon Thee that Thou mayest give them their meat in due season."
Cellucotton for Packing Unmounted Insects.
During the summer of I'M1' the writer began using cellucotton as a
substitute for glazed cotton, for packing unmounted insects as collected
in the field. This material has been used each year since, and with
evident satisfaction on the part of all who have tried it. For entomo-
logical purposes cellucotton has been found superior to gla/ed cotton
on the following counts: thick layers may be cut easily with scissors to
fit any container; the material may be separated readily into layers of
any desired thickness at the moment of using; there are no fiber - to
cling to the insects such as may occur when using cotton.
187
188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '23
Cellucotton is a woodpulp product, apparently developed during the
war period as a substitute for cotton in all its uses as an absorbent
material and for surgical dressings. For those purposes it is excellent,
but cellucotton is now being put to other uses where soft thin layers
are required, such as packing for delicate glassware or unmounted
insects. This material may now be obtained in rolls 24 inches wide
and weighing approximately 17 pounds. A recent quotation gave the
price as 23 cents per pound, and it takes a considerable volume to make
a pound. The roll may be unwound into a layer one inch thick, and
this in turn, if desired, be separated into thin sheets little thicker than
lens paper. Cellucotton may now be obtained from most wholesale
drug firms, although the chief distributing agency appears to be the
Lewis Manufacturing Company, Walpole, Massachusetts. — HARRY H.
KNIGHT, University of Minnesota.
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.
The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Ki -
tomology, Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical EJIIU-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 8 — The Entom ^le-
gist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 — The Entomologist, London.
10 — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C.
11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 13 — Journal
of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal. 16 — The Lepidop-
terist, Salem, Mass. 24 — Annales de la Societe Entomologique de
France, Paris. 50 — Proceedings of the United States National Mu-
seum. 71 — Novitates Zoologicae, Tring, England. 72 — The Annul.
of Applied Biology, London. 76 — Nature, London. 77 — Comptes
Rendus cles Seances de la Societe de Biologic, Paris. 78 — Bulletin
Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, Paris. 82 — The Ohio
Journal of Science, Columbus, Ohio. 89 — Zoologische Jahrbucher,
Jena. 95 — Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris. 104
— Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 106 — Anales
de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Aires. 109 — Annales
Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Budapest. Ill—
Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 114 — Entomologische Rund-
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189
schau, Stuttgart. 138— American Aluseum Xnvitatcs, New York.
139 — Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los
Angeles. 143 — Stettiner Entomologische Xeitung.
GENERAL. Browne, H. B.— "Window" envelopes [for papered
specimens]. 9, Ivi, 92-3. Gahan, A. B. — The role of the taxonomist
in present day entomology. 10, xxv, 69-7S. Howes, P. G.— Photo-
graphing insect life. (Nature Mag., May, ]923, 9-14.) Littlewood,
F.— Killing with cyanide. 9, Ivi, 90-2. Lutz, F. E.— Flowers and
their insect visitors. (Nat. Hist., New York, xxii, 1:2.')-:: 4.) Mc-
Culloch & Hayes — The reciprocal relation of soil and insects. (Ecol-
ogy, iii, 288-301.) O'Hea, J. P.— Tactile vision of insects and
arachnida. 76, cxi, 498. Phisalix, M. — Animaux venimeux et venins.
Tome I. Masson & Cie., Paris, 1922.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Rabaud, E. Recherches
stir la variation chromatique et 1'homochromie des arthropodes ter-
restres. 78, Ivii, 1-69.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Mello-Leitao— Quclques
Araignees nouvelles on peu connus- du Bresil. 24, xci, 209-28.
Chamberlin, R. V. — The No. American species of Mimetus. 13,
xv, 3-9. Ewing, H. E. — The dermanyssid mites of North America.
50, Ixii, Art. 13.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Campion, H.— On
the use of the generic name Brachycercus in Plectoptera and Orthop-
tera. 11, xi, 515-18. Durken, B. — Die postembrionale entwicklung
der trachenkiemen und ihrer muskulatur bei Ephemerella ignita. 89,
xliv, Anat., 439-62(5. Ewing, H. E. — New genera and species of
sucking lice. (Jour. '\Yash. Ac. Sci., xiii, 146-9.) Kennedy, C. H.—
The naiad of Pantala hymenaea (Odonata.) 4, Iv. 36-8. The ecologi-
cal relationships of the dragonflies of the Bass Islands of Lake Eric.
(Ecology, iii, 324-36.) Kruger, L. — Psychopsidae. Beitrage zu einer
monographic der Neuropteren-familie der Psychopsiden. Berothi-
dae. Beitrage zu ciner monographic der Neuropteren familie der
Berothiden. Hemerobiidae. Beitrage zu einer monographic der
Neuropteren-familie der Hermcrobiiden. 143, Ixxxiii, 17-48; 49-88;
138-72.
McDunnough, J.— New Canadian Ephemeridae with notes. 4, Iv,
39-50.
ORTHOPTERA. Campion, H.— (See under Smaller Order o
Caudell, A. N. — A new sp. of Xoraptera from Bolivia. 10, xxv. ('.0-2.
Fontes et Veloso. — Sur lest mouvements automatiques des muscles
des pattes cle Blatta germanica. 77, Ixxxviii, s:;.">-37.
HEMIPTERA. Davidson, J. — Biological studies of Aphis rumi-
cis. The penetration of plant tissues and the source of the food
190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fJune> '23
supply of aphids. 72, x, 35-54. Dudich, E.— Die Phymatiden des
Ungarischen national museums. 109, xix, 1(51 -8 i. Gerhard, W. J.
-The periodical cicada. (Field Mus. N. H., Lean. 4.) Parshley,
H. M.— On the ecology of Podops cinctipes and Rhytidolomra saucia.
4, Iv, 69-71.
Hungerford, H. B.— Some studies on the genus Hydrometra in
America, north of Mexico, with description of a n. sp. 4, Iv, 54-8.
LEPIDOPTERA. Ainslie, G. G.— A corn-feeding geometrid
(Pleuroprucha insulsaria.) 82, xxiii, 89-101. d' Almeida, R F.—
Notes sur quelques lepidopteres Rhopaloceres du Bresil. 24, xci,
229-35. Bowman, K. — Annotated check list of the Macrolepidoptera
of Alberta. 4, Iv, 71-2. Coolidge, K. R.— Notes on California moths.
139, xxii, 16. Jordan, K. — On the sensory organ found on the head
of many lepidoptera. On the scent-organs in the males of certain
American Castniidae. A note on the families of moths in which
vein 5 of the forewing arises from near the center or from above
the center of the cell. 71, xxx, 155-8; 159-62; 163-66. On the comb-
bearing flap present on the fourth abdominal segment in the males
of certain Notodontidae. 71, xxx, 153-57. Littlewood, F.— (See
under General.) Mousley, H. — Erora laeta Edwards. 4, Iv, 26-9.
Cassino & Swett — Some new Geometridae. 16, iv, 1-8. Hill, C. A.
—A new sp. and a new var. of noctuid moths from Southern Cali-
fornia. 139, xxii, 17-] 9.
DIPTERA. Becker, T. — Dipterologische studien. Dolichopocli-
dae. B. Nearctische und Neotropische region. (Abh. Z. B. Gesell.
Wien, xiii, 1-294, 1921.) Duda, O.— Revision der altweltlichen arten
der gattung Borborus (Capsela.) Ill, 1923, A, 4, 35-112. Greene,
C. T. — The immature stages of Hydrophorus agalma. 10, xxv, 66-9.
Surcouf, J. M. R. — Dipteres nouveaux ou pen connus. 24, xci, 237-
44. Tonnoir, A. — Le cycle evolutif de Sactylocladius commensalis
sp. n. Chironomide a larve commensale d'une larve de Blepharoce-
ride. (An. Biol. Lacustre, xi, 279-91.)
Curran, C. H. — Our No. American Leucozona, a variety of lu-
corum (Syrphidae.) 4, Iv, 38. The Stenosyrphus sodalis group
(Syrphidae.) An apparently undescribed species of Scellus (Doli-
chopodidae.) Change of names. 4, Iv, 59-64; 73-4; 74. McAtee, W.
L. — Descriptions of Bibio from the Carolinas. 10, xxv, 62-4.
COLEOPTERA. Brethes, J. — Descripcion de varies coleopteros
de Buenos Aires. 106, xciv, 263-305. Primera contribucion para
cl conocimiento de los "Strepsiptera" Argentines. Apenclice. Hy-
mcnoptera. (Rev., Facult. La Plata, xv, 41-56.) Bridwell, J. C.-
The host plant and habits of Acanthoscelides griseolus. 10, xxv.
79-80. Buchanan, L. L. — The European Amalus hacmorrhous, in
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
191
the U. S. 10, xxv, J'.i. Cameron, M. — Descriptions of nev specie
of Staphylini«lae from tin- Wes1 Fndies 11, xi, :j Arrhenodes 111, 19:.'::, A,
Ki'.i-SO. Kriesche, R.— Zur ke.mtris der I .ueaniden. 143, Ix: xiii, 115-
37. Mueller, R. — Ueber die sinnc^/cllen ini fuhler von Xccrophorus
vespillo. 114, xl, 9-10. Notman, H. — A ne\v genus and sp. of Sta-
phylinidae parasitic on a S. American opossum. 138, Xo. (i8. Schenk-
ling, S.— Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars 76: Cryptophagidae. Scott,
H. — Longevity of a cerambycid larva. 8, I'.):.1:;, 90.
HYMENOPTERA. Brethes, J.— (See under Coleoptera.) Cock-
erell, T. D. A. — Some bees from British Guiana. 11, xi, 442-5<>.
Some bees from Victoria, Mexico. 50, Lxiii, Art. 8. DuBois, A. D.
—A study in ant-power. (Nature Mag., May, 1923, S.) Gahan &
Pagan — The type-species of the genera of Chalcidoidea or chalcid-
flies. (Bui. U. S. Nat. Mus., 124.) Santschi, F.— Description de
nouvelles fourmis de 1'Argentine ct pays limitrophes. 106, xciv,
241-62. Sarin, E. — Ueber fermente der verdauungsorgane der honig-
biene. (Biochem. Zeit, Berlin, cxxxv, 59-84, 1922.) Stumper, R.-
L'establissement des nouvelles colonies chez les fourmis. 95, vi, 95-
105. Vogel, R. — Zur kenntnis des feineren baues der geruchsorgane
der wespen und bienen. 104, cxx, 281-24.
Fouts, R. — Description of a new Serphoid parasite. 10, xxv, <> 1-5.
Gahan, A. B. — An Eulophid parasite of the chrysanthemum mid.nv.
10, xxv, 65-6. Macgillivray, A. D. — New western species of Dolerus.
4, Iv, 65-8.
RESPONSES OF THE LARGE WATER-STRIPER, GKRVIS KK.M :<•!-, SAY, TO
CONTACT AND LIGHT by C. F. CURTIS RII.F.Y (Annals Knt. Amer.
vol. XIV, No. 4, pp. 231-289).— Insect behavior receives so little atten-
tion from entomologists in general that it seems desirable to call atten-
tion to Prof. Riley's paper. It is probably difficult for economic
entomologists to see any intimate relationship between insect control and
many of the reactions produced by the work of complex external and
internal forces, and collectively called behavior. However, a better
understanding of the forces which call forth responses from living
matter might lead to new methods for use in the economic field. The
study of insect behavior calls for careful work in the laboratory and
field on account of the various factors involved and the possibility of
drawing wrong conclusions from too few, or wrongly correlated, data
or failure to take physiological conditions into account. Prof. Rilev's
paper deals with the general responses to contact and light of (.icrris
rc>nia : Similar to preceding stage ; color a brighter chrome
yellow, fully matching the flower ; markings of same pattern and inten-
sity. Length 26 mm. Maturity Oct. 10-15.
The pupa, in comparison to the larva, seems very short and small but
shows the necessary conformity to the adult. The abdominal joints are
retracted, conic, rigid ; color, olivaceous brown and not shining like the
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 197
common noctuid pupa. A subterranean cell is formed at a depth of six
centimeters or more and there is the long pupal period from mid-
October to the following August. Xo parasitism was observed.
Schinia arcigera Gn.
This is the commonest species in the appearance of the adults
at light in this locality, but the larva seems equally scarce as
nundina. It is a week later in appearing and in flight about the
late summer flowers, there has been no preference detected to
suggest what might be the foodplant. Our meeting with the
larva has only been in the last stage, with Aster pnnicetts L. and
A. lacvis L. alone concerned as foodplants.
This larva, when resting, leaves the flower and stretches to
full length immediately below the inflorescence on some straight
portion of the stem. When feeding, the individual floret is con-
sumed from the side to get at the ovules, while the body, except
the head and first segments, is closely appressed to the stem
below. In its case there are no transverse markings and the
even body color of mars brown blends rather well with the sur-
roundings, as frequently the Aster stems take on a purplish
brown tone.
An unexpected feature exists in it being a pilose larva, which
was to the writer a distinct surprise.
Mature Larva: Head polished, round, comparatively small, a dull
sliude of orange tinged with brown; on the top of either epicranial lob,-
and near the median suture appears a brown marking, and a close
examination shows the head to be checkered with fine reddish lines.
The front is higher than wide, with the suture dividing the ad frontal
space a straight line, and the latter area a mere linear delineation.
Width of head 1.5 mm.
The last two segments taper sharply, and in life a noticeable flat-
tening exists, which is lost in the inflated larval skin. The body, though
shining and seemingly naked, is found to be covered with a thick pile,
the hairs of which are about one-eighth the length of the usual
arising from the tubercles. Under magnification they are shown to he
stiff brownish hairs. The body color is an even shade of pale mars
brown, on close inspection found to be mottled and streaked with line
yellowish hair lines, while a well evident, pale yellow, suhspiracular
longitudinal line, occurs as the chief marking. The cervical shield is
prominent, longitudinally marked with two lines composed of black
bands split by a yellow liiu-, which in a way are continuations of the
head markings. The spiracles arc solidly black, the tubercles concolonuis
198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Juty> '"^
and indeterminate. The hooks of the prolegs number twenty, and the
larva attains a length of 26-27 mm. One larva was noted mature and
entered the ground Oct. 20.
The pupa and its conditions conform to the details given for the
preceding species.
Lygranthoecia brevis Grt.
The association of this moth with the common purple Aster,
Aster novae-angliae L., where its markings were pointed out to
so admirably blend with the flower, has been chronicled by Beu-
tenmuller and others for this section, while Cockerell has noted
the species resting on the discs of HelianlJiits Icnticiilaris, at
Boulder, Colorado.
The pattern and lines in the adult of this species exhibit the
basic principles of optical illusion, and it would appear to the
writer that the caterpillars show delineations which are even a
greater success in the art of camouflage. While the adult in
rare instances has been noted in abundance about flowers, but
few have ever been taken at Rye, whereas its larva may be
found here abundantly when one is conversant with the pro-
cedure. An extended time, in which the larvae attain maturity,
is noticeable, and in some seasons the first week of November
is not too late to secure them. Aster novac-anghac, A. lacz'is
and A. pttniceits serve as foodplants, with the first best adapted
to this sturdy caterpillar.
As this stout larva is noted at maturity, lying in crescent form
on the denuded receptacle and more or less hidden by the
pappus, it is apparent here must be a close relative of a cut-
worm of the Agrotid type and we see ample confirmation of
Hampson's interpretation of the taxonomic characters of the
adult, with the radical change he instituted over its earlier list
position.
When feeding on the inflorescence of the New England Aster.
the first three larval stages are passed within the full- formed
flower bud and though it never opens, the damaged ovules send
out some premature pappus, advising of the culprit. Two other
larvae, a coleopter and micro-lepidopter, are busy here also and
their work is very similar in this respect.
Having consumed the ovules in the full-formed bud, the final
larval stages are passed on the upper surface of the expanded
XXXJV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 199
flower, the seeds of several being required. Digging under the
seeds where they find attachment, the larva succeeds in hiding
to a remarkable degree and as this action causes a premature
expansion of the pappus, there is soon this characteristic puff,
helping concealment. But this is an evanescent screen and the
larval markings in clashes and obliques of brown on a drab sur-
face help admirably to fit in with its surroundings, as from its
increasing size it must come into fuller exposure.
A parasitic Tachinid fly finds them out, however, and its
actual oviposition has been observed on several occasions. One
or more pearly white eggs are glued to an attacked host at any
point of vantage by the female fly, whose actions are very
deliberate, due perhaps to the coolness of the late autumn days
or to the functional processes of oviposition. These parasitic-
larvae doubtless come to rapid maturity and pass the winter as
puparia, since oviposition may be as late as October 20.
Through the courtesies of the U. S. National Museum, this fly
has kindly been determined by Dr. J. M. Aldrich as U'iiitheniia
qnadripnstnlata Fab.
Local records for the moth cover the first ten days of Sep-
tember, when it is flying in company with S. arcigcra.
a, penultimate stage: Head proportionately small, polished,
rounded, the epicranial lobes topped with conspicuous blackish shading ;
width 1.5 mm. Body covered with fine pile, cylindrical, constricted at
segmental sutures, longitudinally lined with numerous brown and fine,
crinkled, yellow lines, of which the dorsal and spiracular are prominent,
the former dark brown, the latter pale yellowish; underlying shade
is sienna brown to pale clay color. Much variation exists in the color-
ation and the continuity of the lines. Cephalic plate wider than head and
marked with four, conspicuous, slightly oblique, black lines. Tubercles
indeterminate, IV discernible on abdominal joints, while the leg plate is
readily seen ; anal plate small and segment reduced. Length 20 to 21 mm.
Mature I.d>-;\r. Similar to preceding stage, except the color is lighter
and the lines are frequently broken at the segmental sutures, which latter
produces an effect whereby the larva more closely simulates its sur-
rounding bed of pappus. Width of head, 1.6 mm.; length of body,
28 to 30 mm. Maturity at Rye, X. V., Oct. 20 to Nov. 8.
The pupa agrees with the preceding species in its proportionately
reduced size, rigid conic abdominal region, and the subterranean cell
as a consequence seems large as compared with the usual Xoctuid
condition.
200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '23
Notes on Zygoptera (Odonata) from Maryland, with
a Description of Enallagma pallidum, n. sp.
By FRANCIS METCALF ROOT, Ph.D., Baltimore, Maryland.
During the summer of 1922 I visited various bodies of water
in eastern Maryland in the course of a study of the breeding
places of Anopheline mosquitoes. Finding that I had some
spare time at my disposal, I turned my attention to the Odo-
nata, but since my time was limited, I was forced to neglect the
larger, swift-flying dragonflies to a considerable extent, and
spend most of my time in collecting the Zygoptera or damselflies.
The records listed in this paper are fragmentary, extending over
only a part of the season and including only a few visits to each
locality, but even so they are of considerable interest, especially
since comparatively little has been published on the Odonata of
Maryland.
From the physiographic standpoint, the localities where col-
lections were made can be conveniently classified as follows :
1. Small, rapid streams.
Gwynn's Falls — a small stream just west of Baltimore, running through
Hillsdale and Windsor Hills before entering the city itself. Visited
May 30, June 23, 29, July 5, 10, Aug. 1, 16, 22, 30, Sept. 5, 9,
Oct. 6, 24.
Herring Run — a small stream north-east of Baltimore running through
an area reserved as a park. Visited July 21.
Small Streams with a similar fauna were also incidentally noted at
Glenburnie, Homewood, Lake Roland and Ten Hills.
2. Sphagnum bogs.
Beltsville — the Powdermill Bogs, about two miles west of Beltsville,
between Baltimore and Washington. Visited June 10.
Glenburnie — a pitcher-plant bog near the town, on the Annapolis Short
Line, between Baltimore and Annapolis. Visited June 22.
3. Small, artificial ponds.
Homewood — several small ponds on the grounds of the Johns Hopkins
University. Visited July 3, Aug. 9.
Hillsdale — north-west of Baltimore. A small pond resulting from the
disuse of an old mill-race. Visited June 23, July 5, 10.
Columbia Ave. — several small ponds in a .disused brick-yard in south-
west Baltimore. Visited June 12, July 15.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 201
4. Large ponds and lakes ( mostly artificial ) .
Glenburnie — a large boggy pond formed by tbe damming of Sawmill
Creek. About one mile north-east of the sphagnum bog already
mentioned. Visited Aug. 4.
Ten Hills — a large pond about four miles west of Baltimore. Formed
by damming a branch of Dead Run. July 24.
Lake Roland — -a large lake, a reservoir of the water-supply system,
about four miles north of Baltimore. July 13, 17.
Salisbury — in Wicomico County, on the Eastern Shore. Collecting was
done at three mill-ponds north and mirth-east of the town, formed
by damming the Wicomico River. Visited June 15. July 26, 27.
5. Brackish water ponds and bays.
Sparrows Point — seven miles south-east of Baltimore. Collections
made in a bay of Jones Creek. July 6, 7.
Magothy River—Collections were made along the shore of the river
near its mouth and in a large brackish pond connected with the
river. The locality is about five miles north of Annapolis. July
31, Aug. 15, 21, 29. Sept. 4.
The following list gives the species of damselflies which were
encountered, followed by the description of a new species.
AGRION MACULATUM Beauvais. — Common at all small streams visited
between June 23 and Oct. 24.
HETAERINA AMERICANA Fabr. — First seen at Herring Run, July 21.
Common at Ten Hills, July 24, and at Gwynn's Falls from July 29
to Oct. 24.
LESTES FORCIPATUS Ramb. — Homewood, Aug. 20, several specimens.
LESTES RECTA NGULARIS Say. — Found near all small ponds from June
12 to Aug. 9.
LESTES VIGILAX Hagen. — Salisbury, July 27, one male.
ARGIA APICALIS Say. — Common about small streams (Gwynn's Falls,
Herring Run, Ten Hills) and large ponds (Salisbury, Ten Hills, Lake
Roland) on all visits between June 15 and Sept. 9.
ARGIA BIPUNCTULATA Hagen. — Common at sphagnum bogs (Beltsville,
Glenburnie).
ARGIA MOESTA PUTRIDA Hagen. — Fairly common along small streams
on all visits between June 29 and Oct. 24.
ARGIA SEDULA Hagen. — Common along Gwynn's Falls, June 23 to
Sept. 9.
ARGIA TRANSLATA Hagen. — Xot rare at Lake Roland, July 13 and 17.
ARGIA VIOLACKA Hagen. — Next to Isclunira t'crtictilis, the most widely-
distributed damselfly in this area. Found along small streams (Gwynn's
Falls, Herring Run, etc.), small ponds (Homewood, Hillsdale), large
ponds (Salisbury, Ten Hills, Lake Roland) and even near bracki.sh
water (Magothy River) from June 15 to Oct. 24.
202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. |Jub', '23
ENALLAGMA ASPERSUM Hagen. — At small ponds, Home-wood, July 3,
Aug. 9, and Hillsdale. July 10.
ENALLAGMA CIVILE Hagen. — Large ponds, Salisbury, June 15, and Ten
Hills, July 24.
ENALLAGMA DURUM Hagen. — Very common about brackish water on
all visits.
ENALLAGMA EXSULANS Hagen. — Common along small streams on all
visits between May 30 and Sept. 9.
ENALLAGMA GEMINATUM Kellicott. — Common about large ponds at
Glenburnie (Aug. 4) and Salisbury (June 15, July 26-27).
ENALLAGMA HAGENI Walsh. — Small pond, Hillsdale, June 23, one male.
ENALLAGMA PALLIDUM new species. — Salisbury, July 26, one pair in
copula and one male.
ENALLAGMA VESPERUM Calvert. — Salisbury, July 26-27, several
specimens.
ENALLAGMA SIGNATUM Hagen. — Salisbury, June 15, July 26-27, Spar-
rows Point, July 6-7, and Magothy River, all visits.
ENALLAGMA TRAVIATUM Selys. — Not uncommon, Salisbury, June 15,
July 26-27.
TELAGRION DAECKII Calvert. — One male, Salisbury, July 26.
NEHALENNIA GRACILIS Morse. — Sphagnum bog at Glenburnie, June
22, fairly common.
AMPHIAGRION SAUCIUM Burm. — Common at sphagnum bogs (Glen-
burnie, June 23 and Beltsville, June 10).
ISCHNURA POSITA Hagen. — Homewood, Aug. 9. Common at large
ponds at Glenburnie, Aug. 4, and Salisbury, June 15, July 26-27.
ISCHNURA RAMBURII Selys. — Common at Magothy River on all visits.
ISCHNURA VERTICALIS Say. — Common about all small streams, small
ponds, and large ponds from June 15 to Sept. 9.
Enallagma pallidum new species.
$ . — Pale blue with black as follows : a mid-basal dot on the labrum,
a basal band connected with two spots laterally on the nasus, a short
transverse isolated stripe a short distance ventral to the median ocellus,
which the blue attains, and most of the vertex, leaving the following
pale blue spots : two large post-ocular spots, a transverse bar along the
posterior margin (not or barely connected with post-ocular spots),
two small triangular spots between the median ocellus and the two
lateral ones (in one male these two spots are connected with each other
and with a small oblong spot between the two lateral ocelli), and two
slightly larger triangular spots just external to the lateral ocelli. Second
antennal segment black with a bluish spot on ventral surface.
A pair of curved black stripes, connected with a transverse band
along posterior margin, on middle lobe of prothorax, an oblong spot
dorsally on each lateral lobe. Mid-dorsal thoracic stripe divided into
three narrow black stripes by two narrow pale blue areas; none of these
three black stripes wider than one-sixth of the width of a mesepisternum.
xxxiv, '23]
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
203
Humeral stripe distinct above, ending in a fork on dorsal margin of
mesinfraepisternum below, narrow and somewhat indistinct between
and having adjacent to it a circular black spot on the anteroinferior
angle of the mesepimeron. A short black line at upper end of each
lateral thoracic suture.
Abdominal segments 1 to 7 black dorsally, except that the posterior
margin of 1 is pale blue, the black on 2 is shaped like a spear-head
pointing anteriorly, and there are interrupted pale blue basal bands on
3 to 7. Segments 8, 9 and 10 are all pale blue, except for very narrow
transverse black lines at base of 8 and at base and apex of 10.
Superior appendages dark brown. Viewed from above, the upper
branches are slightly divergent, the lower branches convergent. Upper
branch short and stout, with large ante-apical tooth. Lower branch
broad and blade-like, thickened externally and thin internally. Viewed
Dorsal and right lateral views of the male appendages of Enallagma pallidum n. sp.
Camera lucida outlines.
in profile, upper and lower branches appear about equal in length, upper
branch stout with a notch just below tip, lower branch slender. Inferior
appendages slightly shorter than superiors, slender, almost straight,
with a small hook at tip (see text-figures).
Wings hyaline, pterostigma brownish, light-bordered, surmounting less
than one cell. Costal margin longest, proximal shortest, distal shorter
than posterior. Arculus distal to second antecubital at a distance shorter
than the length of the upper limb of the arculus, its limbs sub-equal.
Upper side of quadrilateral about one-half of lower side in fore wings,
more than one-half of lower side in hind wings. Inferior sector of
triangle arises very slightly in front of submedian crossvein (at a dis-
tance shorter than the length of the crossvein itself) and ends at
about the level of origin of the nodal sector. Superior sector of triangle
ends between levels of origin of nodal and ultranodal sectors. Sub-
median crossvein between first and second antecubitals, nearer to second,
fore wings with about nine postcubitals, hind wings with about eight.
204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. l^'- '23
The nodal sector arises nearest the fifth postcubital in fore wings
(fourth in one wing out of four) and nearest the fourth in all hind
wings. Ultranodal sector arises two cells proximal to the inner brace
vein of the pterostigma in fore wings and one cell proximal in hind
wings. Three antenodal cells in both wings.
Dimensions — abdomen 26 mm., hind wing 17 mm.
9 . — Pale greenish blue and black. Markings as in the male, except
that the humeral stripe is ill-defined and reddish brown, there is a brown
line on the entire length of the second lateral thoracic suture, and the
anterior two-thirds of abdominal segment 8 has a wide dorsal stripe of
black, fully four-fifths as wide as the segment in dorsal view. There is
a narrow transverse basal brown stripe on 9, interrupted mid-dorsally,
but no dark line at apex of 10.
Wings as in the male, but the pterostigma is decidedly paler and has
the distal margin sub-equal to posterior.
Dimensions — abdomen 26 mm., hind wing 18 mm.
This species differs from E. traviatum by its three, narrow,
mid-dorsal thoracic black stripes, by the male having the lower
branch of the superior appendages sub-equal to the upper branch
in profile view, abdominal segment 10 pale blue, etc.
From E. antennatitin, whose male appendages are similar in
profile view, it differs by having abdominal segments 8 to 10
almost entirely pale blue, by its narrower black thoracic stripes,
etc.
One male and one pair in copula of this species were taken
on July 26 at the large mill-pond of the Electric Light and
Power Co. north of Salisbury, Maryland. The exact locality
was a small cove, on the east side of the pond, just north of
the railroad trestle which crosses it. At first sight, the slender
form and pale blue color of the specimens reminded me of
Telagrlon dacckii, of which I had just taken a fine male at a
neighboring pond. When I came to actually compare the two,
however, the smaller size and the shape of the male appendages
showed at once that they were distinct. Later, being unable to
identify the specimens myself, I sent one of the males to Dr.
P. P. Calvert, who informed me that it was a new species of
Enallagma, most closely related, apparently, to E. 1 racial inn
Selys. I wish here to express my very great indebtedness to
Dr. Calvert for his kindness in giving me this information.
I have requested Dr. Calvert to deposit the type male and
allotype female of this species in the collection of the Philadel-
phia Academy of Natural Sciences. The other male is retained
in my own collection.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 205
Corrections to the " Annotated List of the Diptera
(Flies) of Oregon."
By F. R. COLE, Redlands. California.
The writer and I 'rut". A. L. Lovett published a list of the
Diptera of the State of Oregon -in the I'rocccdnn/s of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences, volume XI, December 14, 1921.
Since the publication of this list our attention has been called
to several mistakes in the paper. \Ve are indebted to Mr. S. P>.
Freeborn, Mr. C. \V. Johnson, Dr. J. M. Aldrich and Dr. C. H.
T. Townsend for suggestions and corrections. The numbers
used in the original list are referred to here for convenience.
There are a few typographical errors to be noted.
40. — apema.r should be spent. n\
46. — "at clarifies" should read "as clarifies."
81. — Anopheles occidcnhilis D. & K. is the same as the European
inaculificnnis, according to Edwards.
84. — The name Thcobaldla is preoccupied and Citliseta should be
substituted.
85. — Citliseta consoirina ( Desv. ) is synonymous with Citlc.r fiifiieus L.
and according to S. B. Freeborn, the species has been confused with
C. iinfitttieiis (Walk.) and C. inornatus (Will.).
S7.-— t 'ulisi tn iuonnild (\\"ill. ) should be inornatus.
88. — The original description of Cnlisetn syl'cestris (Theob.) was made
under the genus Citle.v. later referred to Aedes and now considered
synonymous with .ledcs T', .riitis Meig.
89. — According to Freeborn, Ciilisetu stigmatosoma (Dyar) belongs in
tlie genus Cule.r.
234. — This species is not enxtalis. but is an undescribed form that will
be considered in a revision of the Therevidae by the writer, no\v in press.
236. — This is not nntntu. an Atlantic coast species, but is a variety of
the undescribed form mentioned abo
5(15. — Syrfilnts tunerieaiuts is evidently preoccupied by the name used
by Swederus in 1787 for a different Syrphid. possibly Erislalis flat'ifies,
according to C. W. Johnson (see Can. I'.nt.. l'"eb., 1919, p. 32). Mr.
Johnson has proposed the name •^•iedeiihinni for the species generally
known as Syrfilnts aineriennns \\ ied.
550. — Bristalis inei telling what genus."
660. — Aldrich agrees with Townsend that Phoroccra sdiindcrsii Will,
should be placed in the genus Mddrcinyia.
661. — •I'runliiia frcnchii (Will.) is placed in Aclnicloncuni.
662. — The form determined as Tachina inclla Walk, is said by Town-
send to be a species of E.i'orisla.
653. — Tachina robitsta (Towns.) is placed in Tachinomyia.
664. — The form determined by Aldrich as Tachina nistica Fall, is
I'.ribca sf>innlosa Towns., according to Townsend.
665. — Blepharipesa aditstn is placed in Rilcymyia.
667. — Townsend thinks this is not U'lnlhcntia quadripustulata (Fahr.)
but another species of the genus.
668. — Mctachacta hclynnis (Walk.) should be M. atra Coq.
669. — Mctopia leucoccphala (Rossi) should be M. luggcri Towns. The
latter species is made a synonym of leucoccphala in the Aldrich
Catalogue.
670. — •Hilarclla fuhicnrnis (Coq.) is placed in Eiihilarclla.
671. — BrachycoHia sarcophagina (Towns.) should be left in the genus
Laccoprosopa, where it was described.
672, 673 and 674, according to Townsend, should not be called Gonia,
but Saliiiticiii.
675. — Townsend says of this form, "no telling what genus or species."
676. — Citplioccra furcata (v. d. W.) is placed as a species of
Sphyricera.
677. — The form called Pcl<'tcrid rohusta (Wied.) is Sphyromyiu mal-
icnla Bigot.
679.— Townsend's splitting of the genus Echiiwinyia is rather difficult
to comprehend. E. algcns (Wied.) is placed in his genus Eularvad'ora.
680. — Bchinomyia chikntciisis is placed in iMrracvoropsis.
681. — Ecltinoniy-a dccisa (Walk.) is placed in Ptirarchytas.
682. — Echiuoinyiii liy.ttricosa (Will.) is placed in Protodcjcama.
683. — Epalpiis lucolor (\\'ill.) is placed in Xantltocf>dl^its.
684. — Epdlf>us sn/ni ferns (Walk.) is placed in Argcntocfalpiis.
685. — Bombyliomyia ahrupla (Wied.) is placed in Boinbyliopsis.
686. — The form called Jnnnclla soror (Will.) is a species of Euble-
pharipeza, according to Townsend.
687. — Townsend gives Ditu-ra fiitilis Smith for this species, but this is
a manuscript name, according to Aldrich, although used in literature a
time or two.1
208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [J"H', '23
688. — Townsend says this species is probably not Icucozona.
690. — For the species given as Trixa (not Trivia, a misprint) gilleitci
Towns., Aldrich did not give any definite genus. Townsend has estab-
lished the genus Arctophyto for the species. The species is correctly
determined, as Aldrich has yillcttci from the type locality and has ex-
amined the type.
Townsend has established many new genera among the ruins
of the old genus Sarcophaga. To the writer's eyes many of the
forms separated by Townsend are truly congeneric, but possibly
the muscoid viewpoint will have to be attained -first, as suggested
by Townsend.
691. — Townsend puts Sarcophaga acnlcata Aldr. in the genus Acri-
diophaga.
693. — S. cinibicis Towns, is placed in Bocttchcria.
694. — S. clcodis Aldr. is placed in Elcodioniyia.
695. — S , haemorrhoidalis (Fall.) is placed in Stcphanostoma.
696. — 5". liclicis Towns, is placed in Helicobia.
697. — S. liunteri Hough is placed in Protodc.ria.
698.— S. kcllyi Aldr. is placed in Kcllymyia.
699. — S. paUincri'is Thorns, should be Eurarinia communis Park.
700. — S.planifrons Aldr. is placed in Miltorainnia.
703. — S.sinitata Meig. is placed in Sarcotachinella.
705. — Mctjcrlca ntfocaudata Big. is placed in the genus Tcphromyiopsis.
707. — Cynoinyia cadaverina Desv. is placed in the genus Cynomyopsis
and Townsend states that the form listed is more likely to> be a western
species of the genus.
708. — Calliphora erythrocephala is placed in the genus Musca by
Townsend, but this change cannot be made if doincstica is fixed as the
type of Musca.
711. — There is some difference of opinion as to the placing of the three
species, rcgina (Meigen), tcrrac-novac Desv. and aznrca (Fall.). Rod-
hain and Bequaert put all of them in the genus Phormia and Aldrich is
inclined to this view. Bezzi in a recent paper accepts rcgina as the
genotype and considers the other species distinct from it. Townsend
states that azurca is the genotype, putting rcgina in Euphormia and
tcrrac-noi'ac in Protophormia. So the matter rests largely on the cor-
rect designation of the genotype of the genus Phormia.
714. — Townsend places coniicina in OrthcIIia. The fact is now known
that coniicina (Fabr.) has never been introduced from Europe and that
our species is cacsarion Meigen. This has been proven by examination
of the European types.
716. — The species determined as Mescmbrina rcsplcndcns Wahlberg is
said by Townsend to be Hwnesembrina latrcillci R. D.
717. — Townsend places Musca domestica in Promusca. Most dipterists
XXXJV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\\'S. 209
will not accept this and it is understood that the International Commis-
sion on Zoological Nomenclature will volt t<> fix the type of Mitsca as
ilc.incxtica. as a namci: conservandum.
719. — L\[h'ros'ui irritant I., is probably preferable to Haematobia ser-
r/<; Desv.
On page 317, figure 38, /Vm\v/n;/.v sin mid he fenestralis.
S57. — According to C. W. Johnson, the species Chuctnpsix acnca is
misunderstood, the typical form being taken only from salt and brackish
marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast. The species taken in Oregon
is probably C. massyla Walker, which Johnson has from Berkeley,
California.
949. — Lcucopsis is a misprint for Leitcopis.
950. — This species is ai'icithiria (L.).
New North American Hesperiidae (Lepid.).
By A. W. LINDSEY, Denison University, Granville, Ohio.
During the Fall of 1922 Mr. W. C. Dukes, of Mobile, Ala-
bama, sent me a number of specimens of skippers which in-
cluded a fine new species and an extremely dark form of dion
which I believe to be worthy of a racial name. One specimen
of the new species was also sent to Dr. Win. Barnes, at
Decatur, Illinois, and was placed as new by Mr. Benjamin
before my specimens had reached me. In view of my interest
in the family Hesperiidae and my possession of three other
specimens, Dr. Barnes and Mr. Benjamin have generously
yielded the authorship of the species to me.
Atrytone (Euphyes) dukesi n. sp.
$ . Wings more broadly rounded than in normal Euphyes, the
secondaries conspicuously different, approaching the $ wing form of the
genus.
Upper surface: Primaries lustrous brownish black with a black stigma
of typical form which appears rather short through lack of contrast.
Stigma followed by scattered fulvous scales which form vague patches
between the veins. Base of primaries with some scales of Jhe same
color in the better specimens. Basal two-thirds of secondaries behind
anterior margin of cell with fulvous hairs and scales, forming a rather
definite patch between Mj and M:, beyond cell, and a triangular spot
in the angle of M:! and Cut, but otherwise diffuse. Fringe concolorous,
slightly paler toward anal angle of secondaries. Body concolorous.
Under surface: primaries brownish black with the costa before SC
yellow-fulvous, and a heavy powdering of scales of this color extending
on through the costal area, over the apex, and back on the outer
margin to Co.. Secondaries completely overlaid with this color, veins
pale. Through the cell, fading toward the outer margin, is a pale ray,
210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. u* '23
and between Cu, and the first anal there is a similar pale stripe which
is less definite. These marks* are much the same as the pale stripes
of dion. The entire ventral surface of the body is almost white, unlike
the related species. The abdomen bears a dark brown midventral line.
Expanse 35 to 38 mm.
Described from four males, all taken in Mobile County, Ala-
bama, in 1922. Holotype: .Vug. 6, in coll. Barnes. Paralyse:
Aug. 27, returned to Mr. Dukes. The two remaining para types,
taken Aug. 27 and 29, are in the collection of the author.
In examining the genitalia of the holotype /;; situ, I was in-
clined to agree with Mr. Benjamin that the valve differed in
shape from that of dion. Subsequently I dissected out and
mounted the genitalia of one of the paratypes, which prove to be
indistinguishable from those of a specimen of dion from Wis-
consin. The species is, however, very distinct from any other
in the North American fauna. Its salient features are the
extremely dark color and the abnormal wing shape. Mr. Ben-
jamin compared the holotype with material in the National
Museum, and has given me Mr. Schaus' note that it is nearest
to Hespcria aurina Plotz from Jamaica, although undoubtedly
distinct. It gives me great pleasure to name this species for
Mr. Dukes, in acknowledgment of his unselfish efforts to ad-
vance our knowledge of the Lepidoptera of Alabama.
Atrytone (Euphyes) dion race alabamae new.
$. Similar to dion, but with the yellow-fulvous of the upper surface
reduced to a single subapical spot between R-, and Mj, a streak in the
lower angle of the cell, and a small dot beyond this which is the first
of a series forming a greatly reduced band along the outer edge of
the stigma. This leaves a fuscous terminal area occupying about two-
fifths of the length of the wing. Secondaries also with the fulvous
reduced, though less conspicuously.
Under surface darker than in dion. The macular band of the
primaries is limited to three small spots beyond the stigma, and the two
pale rays on the secondaries are less in contrast with the ground color
than in dion.
Holotype: 1 $ , Mobile County, Alabama, June 25, 1(>22. \Y.
C. Dukes, in the collection of the author.
The records of distribution of dion available to me show
New Jersey as the southernmost reported capture, and all speci-
mens which I have seen are so much paler and brighter than
alabamae that they might easily be taken for a different species.
The primaries of the race are rather like those of biinacnla.
Mr. Dukes has also sent me one male of Poanes viator taken
at Chikasaw, Alabama, Oct. 1, 1922. This appears to be a new
southern record also.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 211
Notes on Pennsylvania Diptera.
By A. B. CHAM PL, MX and J. X. KNULL, Bureau of Plant In-
dustry, Harrisburg, Pa.*
Among the Dipterous material in the state collection of the
Pennsylvania Bureau of Plant Industry are certain species or
specimens that bring to mind some new or interesting facts of
a biological nature, worthy of record.
The following notes are from captures and observations made
by the authors, who have given special attention to bringing
together and collecting biological data on local insects, and by
other members of the Bureau, who have been credited with
their notes in each instance.
The authors are indebted to Mr. Chas. W. Johnson, of the
Boston Society of Natural History, for identifications and
suggestions.
TIPULIDAE. — Tanyptcra [Xiphura] frontalis O. S., T. funiipeiinis O. S.,
T. topazina O. S.
Adults of the three species were collected in flight, from May
25th until June 10th, in a swampy bottom, northern exposure, at
Inglenook, Pennsylvania. Larvae of Tanyptcra may be found
in this swamp throughout the year in galleries in watersoaked
or moist brashy stumps, logs, and limbs of trees on the ground.
MVCETOPHILIDAE. — DioiiwiiiHs siibcacntlcus Coq. An adult of this
rare fly was captured flying at Inglenook, Pa., June 17.
TABANIDAE. — Haeinatopota rara Johnson. Represented by two speci-
mens, both collected by Prof. J. G. Sanders at Montebello, Pa., June
24. V)\7, and at 1 lummdstown, Pa., June 10, 1920, respectively, while
sweeping M-dges along the edge of small streams.
LEPTIDAE. — Xylophui/us abdominalis Loew.
Adults were reared from larvae collected beneath the bark of
dead pine, where they were observed feeding on the larvae of
the beetle. kJhnjinin lincntinn Oliv.
CYRTIDAE. — One odes dispar Macq.
While chopping into an old decaying log in Wildwood Park,
Harrisburg. Pa., August 20th, some years ago. adults of this
Cyrtid were found dead, but in good condition, in the cells of a
* Publication suggested by Prof. J. G. Sanders, Director of the
Pennsylvania Bureau of Plant Industry.
y
212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. f Tlllv, '23
spider-killing wasp. The wasp apparently caught the spiders
that were infested by larvae of Oncodes, stored them in cells
with her eggs, sealed the gallery and departed. The Oncodes
larvae consumed the spiders and possibly the wasp larvae, then
transformed and were unable to get out. Remains of the spiders
were present in the cells.
Opsebius ptcrodontinus O. S., Manada Gap, Dauphin Co., Pa., July 4,
1920, — a living adult found floating in a small spring at the foot of the
mountain.
MYDAIDAE. — Mydas tibialis Wied. A single example of this species,
labeled Perdix, Pa., July 19, 1914, is in the Bureau collection. It was
collected by Mr. J. E. MacNeal, who presented it to the late V. A. E.
Daecke.
ASILIDAE. — Dasyllis grossa Fabr.
An adult of this large fly was observed capturing a specimen
of Tibiccn sayi S. & G. in midair, at Montebello, Pa. The
cicada was probably twenty feet from the ground when it sud-
denly dropped to earth with the DasyHis. In this case the prey
was too bulky to carry off, as is the usual practice.
Nnsa fuh'icauda Say, Hummelstown, Pa., June 1.
Larvae and pupae of this species found in the pupal cells of
Chrysobothris fcmorata Oliv. in Qucrcits sp. were caged and
reared.
EMPIDAE. — Rhamphomyia sp.
"On April 12th, 1921, I noted the mating of flies of this
genus. My attention was attracted to what seemed to be small
clusters of dead flies on the roots of some uprooted peach trees
in Miller's orchard at Marion, Pa. Each cluster proved to be a
male and female in copulation. The male hung suspended by
the hind legs from a support and held the female with his middle
and front legs. The female in turn held a smaller fly with her
legs and appeared to be feeding upon it. In collecting three
pairs of flies, I obtained three different species of flies in the
grasp of the females. Two of these flies were dead and one
alive."- -J. R. STEAR.
PHORIDAE. — Aphiochaetal sp.
Violet seeds collected for the seed herbarium by Mr. W. A.
McCubbin were found to be infested by specimens of a small
XXXJV, '23] ENTK.MdlJiCICAI. \K\VS.
maggot that had eaten out the interior of the seed. The seeds
•had been collected at Edenville, Pa., May 24th, and were not
examined until August 28, 1922, when the damage was noticed.
At this time there were a number of dead, dried larvae in the
vials (probably on account of lack of moisture) and about six
pupae, which were also dead. These pupae, however, were
identical with the drawing and description of Aph&ochaeta
rufipcs Meig., a species that was recorded as infesting onion
seed,1 by Mr. B. H. Walden in Connecticut.
It is likely that the seed became infested when on the drying
trays.
SVKPHIDAE. — Microdon craiijhcadi Walton.
This beautiful little green species occurs at Rockville, Pa.,
July 23 to August 4th. It may easily be mistaken for a "Cuckoo
wasp," Clirysis sp., as it has the habit of flying up and down in
a nervous manner, along the trunks of dead trees (Finns) like
the Clirysididac. It seemed to be especially interested in the
dead snags infested by ants and probably breeds in these stumps.
It is rare and difficult to catch.
Meropioidus rillosits Bigot. One specimen of this species captured
on the mountain top at Rockville, Pa., 1200 feet elevation, March 30,
on open catkin of Alder, (Alnus sp.)
Volncclla -rcsiculosa Fahr. The larvae may be found breeding in
wounds and pockets in oak trees, the adults feed on running and ferment-
ing sap on oak trees. The records in the collection are as follows : — -
Charter Oak, Pa., July 11, two males, Knull. Cresco, Pa., June 10,
one male, H. B. Kirk. Harrisburg, Pa., July 20, at fermenting sap, four
females, H. B. Kirk; Manumuskin, N. J., June 23, male, V. A. E.
Daecke ; Da Costa, N. J., June 4, Daecke.
Criorhiiui iii,
in order to carry out bibliographical work for other institutions. On
the other hand, we are ready to continue the Record, and to regard
a loss of £500 a year as part of our contribution to the common good
of zoological science, if other institutions guarantee us against further
loss.
We do not know to what extent entomologists have
responded to the Zoological Society's appeal of 1922. In the
216
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMoI.nCICAL NEWS. 217
event that this editorial may meet the eyes of some who can
help with the Record, hut have not done so, we put the question
to them : Do you realize what the discontinuance of the Record
will mean to you? Do you realize that unless the Concilium
Bibliographicum speedily brings up its bibliographical data
(now back in 1917) to the present, supposing also that the
Condi in in is satisfactory to you, you will be compelled to gather
your own zoological bibliography at a great expense of time
and with probably much less completeness than the Record has
afforded ? Are you willing to see this deplorable state of affairs
come about? If not, will you not exert yourself immediately
to obtain additional subscriptions for the Record and forward
them to the Zoological Society of London ? The subscription
price for the entire volume per annum is £2 10s (single
volumes £3), but separate divisions of the volumes may be
subscribed for, c. g., the Insecta at 15 shillings, the Trilobita,
Arachnida and Myriopoda, at 4 shillings for the three1 groups
combined.
We urge this upon zoologists and entomologists even if the
institutions with which they are connected are already sub-
scribers to the Record. The writer is not asking others to do
what he has not done himself a year ago in response to the
appeal then issued, even though a large part of each volume
will be of no use to him. Better still, let all institutions who
can offer to guarantee to the support of the Record a certain
annual sum, say fifty or one hundred dollars each. Xo great
number of guarantors throughout the world would be required
to cover all expenses.*
We may again voice the hope expressed in our editorial of
April, 1922, that co-operation between the Zoological Record
and the Concilium Bibliographicum may be arranged, but,
pending that consummation, the Record should be kept going
and, as usual, the necessity is financial support.
* Since the above was written the Council and the Library Committee
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia have voted to offer
to the Zoological Society of London a guarantee of $100. toward the
expenses of the volume of the Record issued during the year ending
July 1, 1924, and to address other institutions, urging them to take
similar action.
218 ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS.
Notes and News.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE
Correction of Several Typographical Errors (Phalaenidae =
Noctuidae, Lepid).
Attention is called to a paper by Professor Grote, "Introduction to
a Study of the North American Noctuidae," published 1883, Proc. Am.
Phil. Soc., XXI. Page 159 calls attention to a number of typographical
errors most of which have been perpetuated to date. These names are
quoted herein ; each name being followed by the name of the genus now
commonly employed and the Barnes and McDunnough 1917 Check List
number, in order to facilitate correction. The name before the a.? is
intended by Grote as the correction for the name which follows : "Phip-
rosopus Callitrichoides as Phyprosopus Callitrichoides," Phiprosopus,
No. 3436.
"Phisia Yiridisignata as Plusia Viridisigma," Autographa, No. 3234
syn.
"Perigea Sole as Perigea Scole," Perigea, No. 2322a.
"Hadena Perpensa as Hadena Perpenoa," Trachea, No. 2289.
"Oncocnemis Gracillima as Oncocnemis Gracillinea," Oxycnemis, No.
2541.
"Heliochilus Paradoxus as Heliocheilus Paradoxus," Heliothis, No.
1087.
Strangely, in these corrections there are three more typographical
errors ; Phisia for Phisia, Sole and Scolc for lolc and I cole. The
correct spelling of the name of the Perigea is shown on page 146 of
the same paper, "Perigea lole m.," and the Perigea icole of the lists
should be amended to read Perigea iole. — WM. BARNES and F. H.
BENJAMIN, Decatur, Illinois.
On Megathymus Stephens! Skinner (Lepid., Hesperiidae).
Megathymns stcfhcnsi Skinner
1905, Wright, Butt. W. Coast, p. 255, pi. XXXII, f. 483, as
nennweycui in err., Megathymus.
1912, Skinner, Ent. News, XXIII, 126, iieiimoeycni ssp., Megathy-
mus.
1912, B. & McD., Contr. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., I, (5), 44, neumoe-
yeiii race, Megathymus.
1913, B. & McD., Contr. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., IT. (1), 4, pi. 1,
f. 7, ncumoegcni - — , Megathymus.
1917, Skinner, Ent. News. XXVIII, 232, an sp. dist, Megathymus.
1921, Lindsey, U. of la. Studies, IX, (4),=Hesp. Amer., p. 109,
neumoegeni race, Megathymus.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 219
Having examined the genitalia of the various species of Megathymus
of the ncumocycni group, the authors are quite willing to agree with
Dr. Skinner's latest version of the status of stcphcnsi. It is apparently
a distinct species ; the valves of the male genitalia differing considerably
in shape from other members of the ncumocgcni group.
WM. BARNES AND F. H. BENJAMIN, Decatur. Illinois.
External Parasites of the Prairie Mole Scalops aquaticus (Linn.)
(Siphonap., Anopl.).
What appears to be a new host record was the finding of a flea,
Ctcnophthalmus ycnalis Baker, (fide Ferris) by the writer on moles
caught in the vicinity of Ames, Iowa, during November, 1922, and April,
1923. This flea was taken on several different moles but it never
occurred in large numbers. The type specimens of this parasite, which
furnish the only published record of its capture, were taken in Michigan
without identification of host.
A louse, Euhacmatopinus abnorinis Osborn, was also found and was
very abundant. It was originally recorded from Ames, and seems to
be a species that is peculiar to this particular species of mole. As a
result of very heavy infestation on one side of an animal the fur
was very short, giving it the effect of a rather close clipping; the fur
and skin on the uninfested side of this mole were normal. — E. W.
DUNNAM, Dept. Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State College, Ames,
Iowa.
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.
The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
4^-Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 9 — The Entomolo-
gist, London. 10— Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Washington, D. C. 12 — Journal of Economic Entomology, Concord,
N H. 16 — The Lepidopterist, Salem, Mass. 19 — Bulletin of the
Brooklyn Entomological Society. 20— Bulletin de la Societe Ento-
mologique de France, Paris. 22— Bulletin of Entomological Re-
220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. |Jnlv- -•*>
search, London. 45 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insekten-
biologie, Berlin. 50 — Proceedings of the United States National
Museum. 51 — Archiv fur Mikroskopische Anatomic, Bonn. 52 —
Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 54 — Proceedings of the Biological
Society of Washington, D. C. 57 — Biologisches Zentralblatt, Leipzig.
64 — Parasitology, London. 67 — Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec.
68 — Science, Garrison-on-the-Hudson, N. Y. 69 — Comptes Rendus,
des Seances de 1'Academie des Sciences, Paris. 76 — Nature, London.
90 — The American Naturalist, Lancaster, Pa. 91 — The Scientific
Monthly, Lancaster, Pa. 94 — The American Journal of Science, New
Haven, Conn. 98 — Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology,
Liverpool. 99 — Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
Paris. 115 — Societas Entomologica, Stuttgart. 124 — Bulletin de la
Societe entomologique d'Egypte, Cairo. 125 — Verhandlungen der
zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 128 — Zeitschrift fur
Induktive Abstammungs und Vererbungslehre, Leipzig. 138 — Ameri-
can Museum Novitates, New York. 145 — Annali del Museo Civico
di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, Geneva. 146 — "Konowia," Wien.
GENERAL. Ball, E. D.— Courses for the post-graduate student
of entomology. 12, xvi, 182-5. Banks, C. S. — A method of illustrat-
ing insect wings. (Phil. Jour. Sci., xxii, 407-12.) Bather, W. T.—
Another reminiscence of early days. 19, xviii, 56-7. Bibliographia
zoologica. Vol. xxxi. Brues, C. T. — Is poliomyelitis an insect-borne
disease? 91, xvi, 471-87. Buddenbrock, W. V. — Einige bemerkungen
ueber den schwirrflug der insecten mit besonderer berucksichtigung
der halteren der zweiflugler. (Verh. Heidelb. Natur. Med. Ver., n. f.,
xiii, 497-15.) Chapman, T. A.— What is a species? 21, xxxv, 62-4.
Chappellier, A. — Regime alimentaire des corbeaux freux et "moyens
de defense" des insectes. 20, 1923, 73-5. Cockerell, T. D. A. — The
data of entomology. 4, Iv, 79-80. Insects and other arthropods of
the Green River formation. (U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 729, 23-30.)
Craighead, F. C. — The host selection principle as advanced by Walsh.
4, Iv, 76-9. Dicksee, Uvarov & Burr. — The distress of Russian ento-
mologists. 9, Ivi, 99. 21, xxxv, 65-6. Escherich, K. — Zeitschrift fur
angewandte entomologie. viii, Heft 2. Felt, E. P. — Origin and
evolution of the insects. 91, xvi, 588-93. Handlirsch, A. — Revision
der Palaozoischen insekten. (Denkschr. Math.-Naturw. Klasse,
Acad. Wissens. Wien. cxvi, 511-92.) Hargitt, G. T. — Invertebrate
animals and civilization. 91, xvi, 608-22. Hoffman, A. — Markt-
bericht. 124, iii, 45-6. Hunt, H. F. — Preservation of specimens:
mould. 9, Ivi, 115-6. Kellogg, V. — Extra-entomological studies for
the young entomologist. 12, xvi, 185-97. Locket, G. H. — Tactile
vision of insects and arachnida. 76, cxi, 570-71. Mitchell, P. C.—
The "Zoological Record." 68, Ivii, 577. Moore, W.— The need of
chemistry for the student of entomology. 12, xvi, 172-6. O'Kane,
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 221
W. C.— The entomologist and the public. 12, xvi, 176-82. Pierce,
W. D. — The laws of nature as affecting insect abundance. (Lectures
in Ap. Ent.. Ser. 1, pt. 2. No. 0.)
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Breitenbecher, J. K.— A
red-spotted sex-limited mutation in Bruchus. 90, Ivii, .V.i-65. Cannon,
H. G. — Spermatogensis of the Lepidoptera. 76, cxi, 670-71. Clausen,
R. E. — Inheritance- in Drosophila hydei. 90, Ivii, 52-8. Gatenby, J. B.
— Spermatogenesis of the Lepidoptera. 76, cxi, :><;s. Loewenthal, H.
— Cytologische untersuchungen an normalen und experimentell
beeinrmssten Dipteren (Calliphora erythrocephala). (Archiv f. Zell-
forschung, Leipzig, xvii, 86-101.) Mann, M. C. — The occurrence and
hereditary behavior of two new dominant mutations in an inbred
strain of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, viii, 27-36.)
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Schrader, F.— Haploidie
bei ciner spinnmilbe. 51, xcvii, (510-21.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Barber, B. A.-
Notes on the life-history and habits of Mallophaga. (Pap., Mich.
Ac. Sc. A. & Let., i, 391-5.) Enderlein, G. — Beitrage zur kenntnis
der Copeognathen VII. 146, ii, 32.3. Esben-Petersen, P. — Ueber
das genus Dendroleon. 146, ii, 86-92. Philiptschenko, J. — Studien
ueber variabilitat. 3. Ueber die variabilitat der Collembolen. 128,
xxx, 145-62. Smith, R. C. — The biology of the Chrysopidae. (Cor-
nell Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 58.) Snyder, T. E. — A new Glyptotermes
from Porto Rico. 10, xxv, 89-94. Suminski, S. — Sur la structure et
la developpement des organes copulateurs males chez 1'Anax im-
perator. [Polish]. (Trav. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, Cl. Sci., 1917, No. 22.)
Cockerell, T. D. A. — Fossil insects from the Eocene of Texas.
94, v, 397-400. Williamson, E. B. — A new sp. of Williamsonia.
(Odonata.) 4, Iv, 96-8.
ORTHOPTERA. Caudell, A. N.— Correction in Zoraptera. 10,
xxv, 104. Chopard, L. — Description d'un Gryllide cavernicole de la
Jamaiquc. 20, 192.",, s4-(i. Schaxel & Adensamer. — Ueber experi-
mentelle verhinderung der regeneration bei Phasmiden. 52, Ivi, 128-
33. Vignon, P. — Sur le mimetisme des sauterelles Pterochrozees. 69,
1923, L348-50. Vignon, P. — Notes sur les Pterochrozae du Mus. Nat.,
Paris. Sept especes nouvclles dans le genre Pterochroza. 99, 1922,
523-29.
HEMIPTERA. Barber, H. G.— A preliminary report on the
Hemiptera-Heteroptera of Porto Rico collected by the American
Museum of Nat. Hist. 138, No. 75. Chapais, J. C. — Comment se .
debarrasser des mouches blanches de nos serres chaudes. 67, xlix,
21 '.i-22. Ferris & Hyatt— The life history of Euphyllura arbuti.
(Chermidae. ) 4, Iv, 88-92. Hartzell, A. — Distribution of the Euro-
222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, '23
pean elm scale. (Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., xxviii, 201-5.) McAtee &
Malloch — Further notes on names of Emesinae and other Rhynchota.
54, xxxvi, 161-4. Parshley, H. M. — The distribution and forms of
Lygaeus kalmii, with remarks on insect zoogeography. (Lygaeidae.)
4, Iv, 81-4. Schmidt, E. — Neue Fulgoriden. 115, xxxviii, 17-18.
Schrader, F. — The sex ratio and oogenesis of Pseudococcus citri.
128, xxx, 163-82. Stear, J. R.— Orthocephalus mutabilis. (Miridae.)
19, xviii, 62. Takahashi, R. — Observations on the Ochteridae. 19,
xviii, 67-8.
LEPIDOPTERA. Blackmore, E. H.— Rare and uncommon
lepidoptera taken in Br. Columbia during 1922. (Rept. Br. Col. Prov.
Mus. N. H., 1922, O, 23-33.) Clark, B. P.— Thirty-three new
Sphingidae. (Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, viii, 47-77.) Cleare, L. D.—
Notes on the small moth-borers of sugar-cane in Br. Guiana. 22,
xiii, 457-68. Meyrick, E. — Exotic Microlepidoptera. ii, 609-40.
Pruffer, J. — Forschungen uber die abhangigkeit der schmetterlings-
flugel von der gestalt der schuppen. (Comp. Rendus Sean. Soc. Sci.
Varsovie, ix, 1916, 1139-54.) Pruffer, J. — Neue formen von schmet-
terlingen Perus. (Disc. Biol. Arch. Soc. Sci. Versav., i, Fasc. 2.)
Seitz, A. — The macrolepidoptera of the World. Fauna Amer. pts.
120-123. Arctiinae, Phaegopterinae.
Barnes & Benjamin — Notes and new species (Geometridae.) 16,
iv, 9-12. Blackmore, E. H. — Two new races of the genus Plebeius
from Br. Columbia. 4, Iv, 98-100. Cassino & Swett — New Geo-
metrids. 16, iv, 13-16. Heinrich, C. — Revision of the N. American
moths of the subfamily Eucosminae of the family Olethreutidae.
(U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 123.)
DIPTERA. Buddenbrock, W. V.— (See under General Subjects.)
Brunetti, E. — Two n. species of Tabanidae from Cuba. 22, xiii,
401-2. Christophers, S. R. — An Anopheles of the Myzorhynchus
group (Anopheles amazonicus) from S. America. 98, xvii, 71-8.
Cuenot & Mercier — Les muscles du vol chcz mutants alares des
Drosophiles. 69, 1923, 1112-12. Edwards, F. W.— New and old
observations on Ceratopogonine midges attacking other insects. 98,
xvii, 19-29. Evans, A. M. — Notes on Culicidae in Venezuela, with
descriptions of n. sps. 98, xvii, 101-11. Ferris, G. F. — Observations
on the larvae of some Diptera Pupipara, with description of a new
sp. of Hippoboscidac. 64, xv, 54.8. Greene, C. T. — A contribution
to the biology of N. A. diptera. 10, xxv, 82-9. McAtee, W. L.—
District of Columbia diptera: Bibionidae. 10, xxv, 81-2. Marchand,
W. — The larval stages of Limnophora discreta. (Anthomyiidae.)
19, xviii, 58-62. Shannon, R. C. — Rearing dipterous larvae on
nutrient agar. 10, xxv, 103-4. Smirnov, E. — Ein beitrag zur kenntnis
der gattung Helophilus. 52, Ivi, 81-87.
xxxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 223
Aldrich, J. M. — A new parasitic fly bred from the bean-weevil.
10, xxv, 95-6. Cole, F. R. — A revision of the North American two-
winged flies of the family Therevidae. 50, Ixii, Art. 4. Curran, C. H.
—Revision of the asilid genus Cyrtopogon and allied genera. 4, Iv,
92-5. Sturtevant, A. H. — New species and notes on synonymy and
distribution of Muscidae Acalyptratae. 138, No. 76.
COLEOPTERA. Andrews, A. W.— The coleoptera of the Shiras
expedition to Whitefish Point, Chippewa Co., Michigan. (Pap.,
Mich. Ac. Sc. A. & Let., i, 293-390.) Benderitter, E.— Quelques
Rutelides exotiques nouveaux. 20, 1 '.>:.>:;, 91-4. Bernha'uer, M.— Neue
Staphyliniden aus Sudamerika. 125, Ixxxi, 1-23. Blanchard, F. N.—
The tiger beetles of Cheboygan and Emmet Co., Michigan. (Pap.,
Mich. Ac. Sc. A. & Let., i, 396-417.) Pic. M. — Melanges exotico-
entomologiques. Fasc. 38. Pic, M. — Scaphidiides nouveaux de
diverges origines. 145, xlix, 93-7. Szwajsowna, P. — Le metabolisme
physiologique chez les larves du Tenebrio molitor. Polish. (Comp.
Rendus Sean. Soc. Sci. Yarsovie, ix, 101 (i, 405-27.) Woods, W. C.—
Altica or Haltica? 19, xviii, 63-7.
Van Dyke, E. C. — New species of C. from California. 19, xviii,
37-53.
HYMENOPTERA. Brocher, F.— La tete du frelon (Vespa
crabro). (Bui. Inst. Nat. Genevois, xlv, 223-56.) Forel, A.— Le
monde social des fourmis Tome. 4, Alliances et guerres, parabiose,
lestobiose, esclavagisme, 170 pp. Friese, H. — Ein instruktives bien-
ennest aus den hochandcn Chiles. 45, xviii, 56-7. Friese, H. — Ueber
einige neue Euglossa-arten. 146, ii, 24-8. Kohl, F. F. — Die
Hymenopteren-gattung Belomicrus. 146, ii, 98-122 (cont.) Masi, L.
— Spolia Hymenopterologica. 145, xlix, 235-41. Rohwer, S. A.—
National collection of Cynipidae. 10, xxv, 106. Santschi, F. —
Myrmicines, dolichodcrines et autres formicides neotropiques. (Bui.
Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat., Lausanne, liv, 345-78.) Stockhert, E.— Ueber
entwicklung und lebensweise dcr bicnengattung Halictus, und ihrer
schmarotzer. 146, ii, 48-64. Thompson, W. R. — Sur le determinisme
de 1'apterisme chez un Ichneumonide parasite. 20, 1923, 40-2. Was-
mann, E. — Alte berichte ucber die Atta-nester Sudamerikas, mit
einem statischcn vergleich der an])assungcn an Atta und an Eciton.
57, xliii, 106-15. Waterson, J. — On an internal parasite of a thrips
from Trinidad. 22, xiii, 45.'!-55.
Cockerell, T. D. A.— Two nocturnal bees and a minute Perdita.
138, No. 66. Cockerell, T. D. A. — (See under Smaller Orders.)
McDunnough, J. — Notes on Pterophoridae with descriptions of
n. sps. 4, Iv, 85-7. MacGillivray, A. D. — New species of Tenth-
rediniclae from the East and Middle-west. 19, xviii, 53-6. Rohwer,
S. A. — New Aculeate Hymenoptera from the U. S. 10, xxv, 96-103.
224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '23
Doings of Societies.
The American Entomological Society.
Meeting of April 26. 1923, in the hall of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, Dr. Henry Skinner, President, in the Chair;
seven members present.
Mr. Cresson of the Property Committee reported the receipt of
insects for the collection from the following : 7 Diptera from T. D. A.
Cockerell ; 1 Diptera, 4 Neuroptera and 2 Orthoptera from M. Hebard ;
1 Orthopter from F..M. Jones; 268 insects, 210 galls (Paratypes) from
A. C. Kinsey; 22 Mayflies from G. S. Dodds ; 4 Cicadidae from W. T.
Davis ; photographs of H. Strecker and C. T. Ramsden from Henry
Skinner. The following publications : Le Monde Social des Fourmis
by A. Forel, 3 parts; The Structure and Life History of the Cockroach
by Miall & Denny ; Les Larves et Nymphes Aquatiques des Insectes
d'Europe by E. Rousseau; Pterophoridae of California and Oregon by
Lord Walsingham.
The President read a communication from the Council of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia requesting the Society to
appoint a committee to meet with other committees representing a
number of other scientific societies to consider suitable methods for
commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Dr. Joseph Leidy.
A motion was made and carried that the President appoint a committee
of three of which he should be one for this purpose. The following
were appointed: Henry Skinner, E. T. Cresson, Jr. and R. C. Williams,
Jr.
Communications were read from Mr. C. M. Van Duzee and Mr. Theo-
dore H. Prison in which they refer to types and paratypes of insects
they are sending to the Society for its museum as the best repository
for such material.
A motion was made and carried that a committee be appointed to make
arrangements for a field day. Dr. Skinner appointed Messrs. Williams,
Rehn and Cresson on this committee.
Mr. Robert J. Titherington was elected a member of the society.
Mr. Cresson exhibited several boxes of Paratypic Cynipidae (69
species, 268 insects and 210 galls) from the United States received
from Mr. A. C. Kinsey.
Mr. Rehn gave an interesting account illustrated by lantern slides
covering his recent trip with Mr. Hebard through the West and South-
west, showing the character of the collecting grounds, the topography
and the vegetation of the districts covered.
R. C. WILLIAMS, JR., Recording Secretary.
Entomological Union of Stettin.
The Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin is sorely in need of funds to
continue the publication of its well-known Zcitung. For that purpose it
desires to sell single volumes or complete sets of Vols. 2-83. Those
interested should address Prof. L. Kru'ger, Stettin, Museum, Haken-
terrasse, Germany.
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" The Rhynchophora or Weevils of Northeastern America," by Blatchley and
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figs. Paper bound, $4.00; cloth. $5.00 net. Weight 3 Ibs. Five or more copies
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A list of many other works on Entomology sent on application.
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Tucunian, Argentine, calle 24 de Setiembre 1372c.
References by Mr. B. Preston Clark, Boston, Massachusetts, Kilby Street 55.
FOR SALE --Accurately named Coleoptera, Orthoptera
and Heteroptera
FROM THE EASTERN UNITED STATES
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W. S. BLATCHLEY
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NEW ARRIVALS
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OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING
Morpho cypris Morpho amathonte
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1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING
Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali
andraemon Erinyis guttalaris
celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.
" devilliersi
From Venezuela :
Over 5000 Lepidoptera
200 Dynastes Hercules
From New Guinea
2000 Coleoptera
200 Orthoptera
From Assam, India:
1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDINC
Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis
philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi
And Many Other Showy Species
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Annanaia iidderdalii Parnassius hardwicki
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OCTOBER, 1923
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXIV
No. 8
WILLIAM HARRIS ASHMEAD
1855-1908
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D.( Editor.
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA
VOL. XXXIV
OCTOBER, 1923
No. 8
CONTENTS
Coolidge— The Life History of Pieris
beckeri Edwards ( Lepidoptera,
Pieridae) 225
Funds for the Entomological Society
of London 231
Malloch and McAtee— District of Co-
lumbia Diptera: Sciomyzidae 232
Blaisdell, Sr.— Two New Species of
Psephenus Hald., with a Note on
Narpus augustus Casey (Coleop.). 234
Hornig— Flies Preying on Mosquito
Larvae (Diptera: Muscidae, Culi-
cidae ) : • • 238
Van Duzee — New and Known Species
of Porphyrops from North America
(Diptera, Dolichopodidae) 239
Rau— The Nesting Habits of Odynerus
pedestris Sauss, and Stenancistro-
cerus saecularis Sauss (Hymen.:
Eumenidae 243
Editorial — Duty on Insects Imported
into the United States 244
Rau— Another Reference to Barbellion 245
Memorials to Godman and Salvin 245
Entomological Literature 246
Review of Geoffrey Meade-Waldo's
Prosopodinae in the " Genera In-
sectorum" 253
Obituaries— William Evans 255
A. L. Montandon 255
William Weeks Fowler.. 255
M. Paul Mabille 256
Eugene Boullet 256
Ed. Blanc 256
The Life-History of Pieris beckeri Edwards
(Lepidoptera, Pieridae).
By KARL R. COOLIDGE, Hollywood, California.
Pieris hcckcri is a common and widespread butterfly in the
\\Yst, occurring in all the Pacific Coast states and ranging
thence eastward into Nevada, Utah. Colorado and Arizona.
It is an almndant species in the desert and semi-arid regions
of Southern California, also ascending the mountainous regions
to a considerable elevation, hut does not seem to frequent the
sea-coasl district to any extent. In the immediate vicinity of
Los Angeles it is rare, and Mr. \Y. S. Wright did not report it
in his list of the Imtlcrih'e- of San Diego County.
Hut in the back country, on both the Colorado and Mohave
Deserts, il is a common thing. At Palm Springs, on the Colo-
rado Desert, it seems to be practically continuously brooded and
can be seen on the wing nearly every month of the year.
The past season a few fresh specimens were observed at
i'alm Springs in early January. The first week in March
•225
226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '23
another brood appeared and a third came into existence about
the middle of April. The hot months of the desert, June, July
and August, have not been studied entomologically, but as there
are at least two more fall emergences it is safe to assume that
there are at least seven broods in that region.
Mead, in Psyche, vol. 2, p. 183, 1878, gave a brief descrip-
tion of the larva and chrysalis of bcckcri. Edwards, Butt.
N. Am., vol. 2, p. 73, 1883, quotes Mead and gives figures of
the mature larva and pupa, the larva as drawn and colored by
Mead, while the coloration of the pupa is based on Mead's
description.
Considering the wide range of the species there is no doubt
an extensive assortment of food-plants. Mead stating that on
the Mohave Desert larvae were found on various crucifers, but
the following only are definitely known :
CAPPARIDACEAE. — Isomcris arborca Xutt. — Bladder Pod. A handsome
hut foul smelling plant common on the desert, and also frequent along
the bluffs and hills near the coast. ^
BRASSICACEAE. — Bn:ss:ca nujra (Linn.) Koch. — Wild mustard, an
introduction from Europe. I think also that the well known loco weed,
. Is/ru/ialiis spp., of the Fabaceae family, will eventually prove to he a
food-plant. I have captured many females of bcckcri about this, but as
yet have no positive evidence of its use as larval food.
On June 17th, 1921, I caught 2 9 bcckcri in Mint Canyon,
which leads into the Mohave Desert, atul brought them to Los
Angeles. Both were confined with sprigs of the common wild
mustard (B. nigra), and on the following day both began to lay
freely — almost feverishly. By June 20th a total of 65 eggs had
been laid, placed on the sprigs as follows :
27 on young flower buds. 7 on stems.
17 on under surface of leaves. 4 on dried seed pods.
5 on upper surface of leaves. 5 on sides of confinement jars.
The eggs hatched in five days, when the young larvae vora-
ciously attacked the sprigs of mustard, eating all parts of it,
but seeming to prefer the tender flower buds. The larvae were
exceedingly active and nervous, eating almost incessantly, hardly
appearing to pause for the periods of moulting, which were
passed as follows :
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMMl. eiuled July 9th.
Mead skives the duration of the pupal state as fifteen day-,
but my pupae began to disclose imagoes ten hours after the
larval skin had been thrown off, and inside of twenty-four
hours all the butterflies had emerged — a speed record as tar a^
my experience goes.
Tlic /:////. — In shape fusiform, hut slightly less than twice as high as
broad. The hase sharply clocked, .40 mm. in diameter; the greatest
breadth, .50 mm., in the middle, whence the sides 'slo])e at first
gently and then rapidly to the truncate summit, where the width is only
.12 mm. The micropyle in a circular flat depressed field, .08 mm. in
diameter. The rosette composed of a central circle, surrounded by four
disconnected ovals, between and beyond which are larger roundish cells,
and finally an edging of still larger transverse semi-lunar cells. Height
of eg mm.
Running longitudinally, a series of sharply defined but not greatly
elevated straight ribs; on the sides these are .08 mm. equidistant,
.01S mm. in height, and .02 mm. in thickness. Originating at the base
the ribs, except in rare instances, reach the summit; occasionally one
will terminate just before the apex is attained, when an oblique shoot
connects it with an adjoining rib. The ribs vary in number, from
thirteen to fifteen. Between the. ribs a series of cross striae, straight,
equidistant, about .01 mm. in thickness and .025 mm. apart, and with
the longitudinal ribs forming regular quadrangular cells. Surface of
punctulate.
Color, when first laid, a rather vivid lemon yellow, but at the end of
twenty-four hours becoming more and more orange tinged. In forty-
eight hours of a decided uniform orange coloration.
Of five eggs examined two had thirteen ribs, one had fourteen and
two had fifteen. These eggs were laid by the same female.
iMi'i'ti, 1'irsl Inslar. — I'.ody cylindrical, largest in the middle, tapering
gently and quite uniformly towards cither extremity. Anal segment
bluntly rounded, furnished with a few fine pointed pale hairs. Spiracles
round, prominent, with a rather heavy black ringing, .015 mm. in
diameter.
Head dark che.-tnut brown, shining. .52 mm. in width; clothed with
a very few long slender sharp hairs, .22 mm. in length, and more
numerous much smaller fine pale hairs, but .04 mm. in length; ocelli
black; greatest height of head .26 mm.
li.idv furnMied with four longitudinal series of broad, shining red
brown mammiform elevations, each with a central high, truncate, conical
228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '23
nipple, emitting hairs. These elevations slightly irregular in outline, but
about .05 mm. in diameter on the average and arranged in the following
series :
A laterodorsal' series, placed anteriorly. A lateral series, on the
thoracic segments anteriorly placed in line with the laterodorsals, but
situated posteriorly on the abdominal segments. A laterostigmatal series
placed anteriorly. In the above three series but one wart to a segment
on cither side. A substigmatal series, two to a segment; the anterior
one of the normal size ; the posterior one, situated a little above and
li 'litly back of the middle, much smaller, only .02 mm. in diameter.
The hairs arising from these nipples black, very slender, slightly
tapering and apically expanded into an oval club. But those of the
laterodorsal row on the first thoracic segment taper gradually to a
fine point, project forward slightly, and are much longer than the
others, being 2(i mm. in length. The other hairs are erect, .10 mm.
in length, with the expanded tip .01 mm. in width.
Color of body at birth bright lemon yellow, but shortly after feeding,
the ground color begins to submerge into a brownish ochre, or varying to
a solid green, and minute irregular blotchings of red brown appear,
these becoming more and more conspicuous as the stage proceeds.
Prolegs and ventral surface bright lemon yellow ; legs pale shining
yellow, infuscated apically.
Length, at birth, 1.54 mm. Width at first thoracic segment .32 mm.;
width at fourth abdominal segment .36 mm. ; width at anal segment
.28 mm.
The yotmy caterpillar makes its egress by eating out a hole
in the side, near the apex. Its first step is to turn and devour
more or less of the egg shell, usually eating it down 'o the hase,
but at other times deserting- it after a few nibbles.
Second Instar. — Head now greenish gray, shining, .54 mm. in width ;
armed with a number of papillae giving rise to pallid or infuscated
hairs; the smaller papillae .017 mm. in diameter, with the arising hairs
.06 mm. in length ; the larger papillae .02 mm. in height and diameter,
with the hairs .30 mm. in length; all the hairs slender and sharp.
Ocelli pallid.
The series of warts now .12 mm. in diameter, on the average dark
gray green, prominent. The arising hairs black, .14 mm. in length, .02
mm. in width at the tips, and ordinarily supporting a hyaline droplet.
In addition to the series of warts of the previous stage, the whole-
body is sprinkled with smaller warts, dark gray green, about .04 mm.
in diameter on the average, which give rise to shorter tapering slightly
dubbed hairs, about .10 mm. in length; these arc mostly black, but
along the substigmatal fold are colorless. Spiracles .02 mm. in diameter,
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\YS 229
with a rather prominent lulcous ring, and situated <>n a roundish gray
patch. .04 mm. in diameter.
Color of body greenish yellow, of varying shades: the dorsal line
clear pale lemon yellow, except when the whole body is solidly green,
when the dorsal line is concoloroiis. Scatteringly mottled with patches
of reddish brown. Ventral surface paler than above. Prolegs pallid.
Legs pale gray green, with the apical portions pellucid.
Length, just after moult, 3.41) mm. Width at first thoracic segment
.56 mm.; width at anal segment .40 mm.
Third Instar. — Head dark gray green, .90 mm. in width; the large
hairs of head .52 mm. in length, black, with the tips colorless; the black
tubercles giving rise to these .04 mm. in height and diameter. The
shorter hairs of head mostly -colorless and varying in si/e from .10 to
.20 mm., and the black tubercles from which they arise are .02 mm.
in height and diameter.
The larger series of warts now .24 mm. in diameter; the smaller warts
.08 mm. in diameter. The hairs from larger warts .50 mm. in length ;
those from the smaller warts .16 mm. in length. The large hairs
mostly black, especially in the dorsal region, but substigmatally many
are colorless; for the most part the small hairs are colorless. Some
still smaller dark tubercles scattered over the body, only .02 mm. in
height and diameter, these giving rise to straight erect colorless hairs,
.06 mm. in length, and enlarged at the tips into bulbous clubs. Spiracles
.025 mm. in diameter, with a luteous ring, and as before seated on a
roundish gray patch.
Color of body greenish yellow. The warts reddish brown, deep
in tone, some almost purple. As before, scattering!}- mottled with
patches of reddish brown. Ventral surface concoloroiis with above.
Prolegs subhyaline yellow. Legs dark brown, almost black.
Length 7.5 mm. Width at first thoracic segment .92 mm.; width at
anal segment .68 mm.
Foitrlli Inslar. — Head gray green, 1.46 mm. in diameter; the long
sharp black hairs of head 1.10 mm. in length, arising from heavy black
tubercles .Id mm. in height and .20 mm. in diameter. The shorter
hairs of head vary from .14 to .35 mm. in length and arc1 mostly white,
with the basal papillae relatively smaller.
The larger warts now .34 mm. in diameter and .12 mm. in height,
deep red brown, almost purple. The hairs from the largt r warts .80 lum.
in length, mostly black, especially in the dorsal region, with the apices
colorless. The minute scattered black papillae .025 mm. in diameter,
with the arising colorless clubbed hairs .10 mm. in length on the
average. Spiracles suboval, .08 mm. in length, .005 mm. in width, seated
on patches of deep gray green, surrounded by roundish patchrs of pale
blue.
Color of body yellow green, of varying .shades, but with the green
230 ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS [ ( )ct., '-->
always predominating. Irregularly mottled as before now with patches
of bright purple, especially conspicuous surrounding the larger warts.
The segments divided into the usual subsections, indicated by rather
faintly impressed lines, and the larger warts are arranged on these in
fairly regular transverse rows. The segmental creases lined with bright
orange, sometimes conspicuously so and again indicated only with a
bright spot along the stigmatal line. The dorsal line of an even bright
lemon yellow, more or less prominent sometimes quite obsolete. Ventral
surface of a deeper green than above. Prolegs slightly paler. Legs
basally clear gray green, the remaining portion brown black.
The mottlings of purple, to the naked eye, stand out prominently as
purplish patches against the green ground color, and when the orange
segmental linings are strongly present the larva is a handsome one.
Length 15. mm. Width at first thoracic segment 1.65 mm.; width at
anal segment 1.10 mm.
Fifth Instar. — Head pale green, 2.32 mm. in diameter; densely studded
with papillae of varying sizes, some .30 mm. in diameter and .28 mm. in
height, others grading down to but .08 mm. in diameter ; there are also
a few scattered colorless papillae but .04 mm. in height and diameter,
giving rise to hairs .34 mm. in length. The larger hairs of head 2.60
mm. in length, .04 mm. in width at base. The shorter hairs .60 mm. in
length on the average. These head hairs colorless, but the larger ones
are more or less blackish to one-half or two thirds their length, and
all the hairs are sharp. The papillae of head black, with only now and
then a colorless one, and are surrounded irregularly by blackish patches.
The head sometimes with a mottling of golden yellow on the sides,
generally inconspicuous and in none of the larvae developed into a
definite prominent mark. Ocelli brown.
The warts, arranged transversely on the segmental subsections, vary
considerably in size : the larger ones ovate and the smaller ones roundish ;
the largest about .50 mm. in diameter and .30 mm. in height. These
warts purple-black.
The hairs from the larger warts 2. mm. in length, sharp, wavy.
They are mostly white, to the naked eye appearing blue-white, but some
are black or fuscous hasally and to a half or slightly more of their
length, this being especially so of those in the dorsal region. Some
smaller papillae, brown basally, black-tipped, .04 mm. in height and
di»imeter, giving rise to colorless hairs .50 mm. in length on the average.
In addition, a host of minute pale greenish or greenish yellow papillae-,
from .02 to .03 mm. in height and diameter, projecting delicate colorless
hairs of varying lengths, but perhaps .20 mm. in length on the average.
These are particularly noticeable in the substigmatal region.
Color of body a rather vivid yellowish green, and as before, con-
spicuously mottled with bright purple, especially prominent clorsally.
These irrorations increase in distinctness as the stage proceeds and even
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\VS 2M
tually more or less obscure the ground coloration. Substigmatally the
ground color is pale bluish-green. The dorsal line even, varying in
conspicuousness and in color, from pale green to a light lemon yellow.
Ventral surface pale blue green. 1'rolegs rather deep given. Legs
pale gray green basally, tipped with reddish brown. Legs and prolegs
encircled at their bases with bright gulden yellow. Scgmeiital creases
broadly and conspicuously handed with bright golden yellow, growing
more and more prominent as the stage proceeds. These golden hands
ring the anterior portion of one of the two connecting segments, and
fully cover the posterior subsections of the other adjoining segment.
Spiracles oval, .20 mm. in length, .14 mm. in width, pallid, with a fine
yellow brown ring.
Length, just after the moult, 21. mm. Width at first thoracic segment
2.40 mm.; width at anal segment 2.10 mm.
The mature larva is very handsome. The purplish irrorations have
almost completely obscured the yellow green ground color, so that
to the naked eye the larva has the appearance of being prominently and
definitely banded alternately with transverse stripes of bright golden
yellow and purple.
Chrysalis. — Head case and tongue distinctly greenish, with more or
less brown intertinged. Thorax in color brownish green. Wing cases
cream colored. First two abdominal segments gray white, the remaining
segments green, somewhat brown-tinged, while others are tinged with
bluish. Whole upper surface covered with minute shallow impressions,
a narrow faint white dorsal line on the abdominal segments. Tongue
surpassing the wing cases by only 1. mm. Cremaster testaceous, .SO
mm. in length, .(>() mm. in width, truncate, the booklets .Oo mm. in
length, brown orange in color. Spiracles .36 mm. in diameter, pallid.
Length 13. mm. Breadth of thorax 4.nO mm. Breadth at third
abdominal segment 5.20 mm. Height of dorsal tubercles 4.70 mm.
The pupa is of t' e usual I'icrid type and Kd\vard> quotes Mead in
comparing it with /'. prolodicc, as follows:
"Is of much th:- same general shape as that of I'icris prohxlicc
Bois., but less angulated ; the front is terminated by a blunt point;
the cephalic portion is rounded, with uneven surface, and with the
dorsal surface of the thorax, is dark grayish brown; the ridge above
the wing cases, which is quite conspicuous in protodice, is absent in
beckeri."
Funds for the Entomological Society of London.
In view of the appeal for funds made on behalf of the Entomological
Society of London by Dr. L. O. Howard in the XKWS lor June. 1'L'l,
page 183, it is of interest to note from the English journaU of t In-
present year that the Society received £500 toward the bousing fund
from the Misses Chapman on behalf of their brother, the late Mr.
T. A. Chapman, and a bequest of £1000 from the late Mr Hamilton
Druce, the income of which is to be devoted to tin- lihrar\.
232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [< h't., '23
District of Columbia Diptera: Sciomyzidae.
By J. R. MALLOCH and W. L. McATEE. Washington, D. C.
The Sciomyzidae are flies of medium size, the wings with
dark markings often developed as handsome reticulations,
which frequent moist places from the smallest springy spots to
the most extensive marshes. The aquatic larvae are pale, some-
what enlarged at one end, move freely on the bottom or through
the water, and sometimes float upon it. The pupae are some-
what decanter-shaped, eventually float upon the surface, and
then to the shore, where the adults later emerge.
Two revisions of the family (see bibliography, p. 234) have
recently appeared in which keys and illustrations of the char-
acters of these flies may he found. The present list contains
about the same number of species as the New Jersey report
(Johnson, C. W., Ann. Rept. New Jersey State Mus. 1909, pp.
796-797). Additional described species which apparently
should he collected here are : Mcliiiu albovaria Coquillett, New
Hampshire to North Carolina ; JMcIina griscsccns Meigen,
Pennsylvania to Florida, and westward ; and Hoplodictya sctosa
Coquillett, Masschusetts to Georgia.
The abbreviations P. I. and V. P. I. in the list mean that
the species has been collected on Plummers Island, Maryland,
or in the vicinity respectively. Nine species have been taken
on the island and 8 others in the vicinity. The total number
of species in the list is 21.
Genus Pteromicra Lioy.
P. APICATA Loew. — District of Columbia, July, D. W. Coquillett.
Genus Atrichomelina Cresson.
A. PUBERA Loew. — Chain Bridge, Virginia, Sept. 8, 1912, F. Knah and
J. R. Malloch; Sept. 18, 1921. Malloch ; Dead Run, Virginia. March
14, 1915, at maple sap; June 18, 1913, R. C. Shannon.
Genus Melina Desvoidy.
M. ANNULIPKS var. SIMILTS Cresson. — District of Columbia, D. W.
Coquillett.
M. NANA Fallen.— Washington, D. C., Oct. 14, 1906; Maryland near
Plummers Id., Aug. 22, 1916, McAtee.
M. TENUIPES Cresson. — Cabin John, Maryland, March 25, April 11,
15, 1916, R. C. Shannon; Stubblelield Falls, Virginia. Oct. 23, l'>21,
Malloch.
xxxiv, '23] KXTOMOI.IK.ICAI. \K\VS 233
Genus Chaetomacera Cresson.
C. CLARA Loew. — A fairly common spent -s : dates of collection range
from June 11 to July 25. V. P. I.
C. EI.ATA Fabricius. — Chain Bridge, Virginia, June 12, 1('12, McAtee.
C. PLEBEIA Loew. — Chain Bridge, D. C., June 12, Geo. M. Greene ;
Cabin John Bridge, Maryland, June 14, 1916, R. C. Shannon; llyatts-
ville, Maryland, Sept. 1, 1912. F. Knab and J. R. Malloch.
C. VICINA Macquart. — Many records, the season running from May
8 to September 19.
Genus Trypetoptera Hendel.
T. PALLIDA Loew. — Fairly common: has been collected from May 1('
to October 14. P. I.
Genus Monochaetophora Ilendel.
M. r.MBRARUM Linnaeus. — Common everywhere in marshy spots; sea-
son March 9 to October 26. P. I. A single specimen was taken on a
warm winter day, Jan. 2, 1916, at Maywood. Virginia, McAtee.
Genus Euthycera Latreille.
E. ARCUATA Loew. — A common species; dates of collection from
May 3 to Sept. 12. Variety uniformis Cresson has been taken several
times in June. Both the species and variety, P. I.
Genus Limnia Desvoidy.
L. COMBINATA Loew. — Dyke, Virginia, May 28, 1915, McAtee; Rock
Creek, D. C., August 3, 1913, R. C. Shannon. Variety SPARSA Loew,
Chain Bridge, Virginia, September 10, 1922; Vietch, Virginia, June 9,
1912, Malloch.
L. COSTALIS Loew. — Fairly common, season May 25 to September 15.
P. I.
L. LOUISIANAE var. SEPTF.NTRIOXALIS Melaiider. — Washington, D. C.,
August 17, 1913.
L. SARATOGENSIS Fitch. — The commonest species of the family; sea-
son May 18 to October 14. P. I.
L. SHAXXOXI Cresson.— Plummers Id., Md., Oct. 16, 1913, Oct. JS.
1915; Bladensburg, Maryland. Oct. 2, 1917, R. C. Shannon.
Genus Sepedon Latreille.
S. ARMIPES Loew. — Maryland near Plummers Id., July 27, August 15,
McAtee; Glen Echo, Maryland, July 23. August 6, Malloch.
S. FVScirKNNis Loe\v. — Many records, extending from July 14 to
October 28. P. I.
S. PUSILLUS Loew. — Common; season runs from May 1 to October 4.
V. P. I.
S. TEXUICORNIS Cresson. — Numerous records from the Plummcrs Id.
to Chain Bridge region, dates ranging from May 2 to August 22; has
been taken also near Bladensburg, May 10, McAtee.
234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NKYVS [( )ct., '23
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
BANKS, X. At the Ceanothus in Virginia. Ent. Xews, 23, XTo. 3, March
1912, p. 110.
Lists Tctanoccra costalis; sec under Liinm'a of this paper.
CRESSON. E. T., JR. A revision of the nearctic Sciomyzidae ( Diptera,
Acalyptratae.) Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 46, pp. 27-89, Pis. 1-3, March
31, 1920.
Records 17 species, 2 new, and 4 varieties, 1 new from our region.
LOEW, H. Die nordamerikanischen arten der Gattungen Tetanocera und
Sepedon. Wicn. Ent. Monats.. 3. No. 10, Oct. 1859, pp. 289-300.
Lists 4 species of Tctanoccra, 2 new. and 3 of Scpcdon. all new,
from the District of Columbia.
Monographs of the Diptera of North America, Ft. 1, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., April 1862,, 221 pp., 2 Pis.
Lists Tcianoccra pictipcs (== Monockaetophora uiiibrani/ii) from
Washington.
MELANDER, A. L. Review of the nearctic Tetanoceridae. Ann. Ent.
Soc. Am. 13, No. 3, Sept. 1920, pp. 305-332, PI. 30.
Records 13 species and 2 varieties (one of the latter new) from
our region.
Two New Species of Psephenus Hald., with a Note
on Narpus angustus Casey (Coleop.).
By FRANK E. BLAISDELL, Sr., San Francisco, California.
In 1893, Col. Casey described two new species of Psephenus
from California (Coleop. Not., V, Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci ,
VII, p. 578.) At the present time are given two additional
species, also from California.
Psephenus lanei new species.
Form moderately depressed, subcuneate-oval, narrowed anteriorly.
Color black; antennae toward base and first three joints of the maxil-
lary palpi slightly paler; surface luster dull, feebly shining. Pubescence
moderately abundant ; hairs short and silvery on the body beneath ; on
the upper surface, nearly erect, sparse and rather stiff, longer hairs
are intermixed with abundant small, short, semi-recumbent, apicully
pale hairs.
Head transverse, eyes prominent and rounded ; raised apical margin
evenly arcuate from side to side between the antennae, as viewed per-
pendicular to the surface; front broadly and moderately concave, punc-
tures rather closely placed, subequal in size and rather small ; de-flexed
edge of the front narrow, and moderately inflexed, labrum about three
times as long as the inflexed front and emarginate at apex as in lecontei.
xxxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL \F.\VS
Maxillary palpi fully three-fourths as lung as the antennae ; second
joint elongate, at least four times as long as wide at apex. Antennae
rather slender, not incrassate, and extending to about the pronotal base ;
joints four to ten inclusive, scarcely longer than wide, third obconical
and about twice as long as wide near the apex ; eleventh short oval.
Pronotum transverse, apex arcuate and about two-thirds as wide as
the base; apical angles rather broadly rounded; sides moderately con-
vergent anteriorly, broadly but in it strongly arcuate and somewhat
broadly sinuate a short distance before the base, thence arcuate to the
basal angles, the latter obtuse and distinct and not in the least rounded ;
base rather strongly lobed at middle, thence broadly and rather strongly
sinuate to the angles ; disk almost evenly and rather moderately convex,
distinctly impressed within the angles and more narrowly along the
sides, most strongly so at the basal angles; punctures larger and smaller
intermixed, the larger are subgranulatc, more sparsely placed and give
origin to the black hairs, the smaller to the pale ha'irs.
Elytra about one-third longer than wide, slightly widest posteriorly ;
sides feebly converging toward base, rather straight in basal half, thence
arcuate to the less broadly rounded apex, sutural angles not evident ;
disk rather evenly and less than moderately convex, somewhat flattened
apically and subexplanate laterally, less and narrowly so toward base,
punctures fine, larger and smaller intermixed, the latter most abundant.
Sixth abdominal segment deeply emarginate at middle, emargination
rounded at base, edges clothed with black hairs. Tibiae and tarsi slender.
Measurements. — Length (type) 3.5 mm.; width 2 mm.
, male, and one paratypc. male, in my own collec-
tion. Type locality. — Juliaetta, Idaho. Collected on July 7th.
1922, by Mr. Merton C. Lane, of Ritzville, Washington, to
whom I dedicate the species.
I have before me a series of six specimens of P. Iccontci,
collected in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Land is distinct in
its very long maxillary palpi and different form of the prono-
tum. It resembles Iccontci in the character of the pubescence
and form of the labrum. In land however, the basal angles
of the pronotum are distinct and not in the least rounded, and
the pronotal sides are less convergent and more arcuate ; the
prosternal process is less sharply carinate between the coxae1.
In haldcinani the front is longitudinally divided: in ////' the
vestiture is dense and the pronotal apex truncate and the di>k
evenly convex; in veluticollis the pronotum is velvety-black in
the female. The female- of ln\d is not at hand.
236 ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\VS [Oct., '23
Psephenus calaveras new species
Form oblong-oval, about twice as long as wide, moderately depressed.
Color black, under surface opaque ; appendages and abdominal seg-
ments more or less fuscous or testaceo-fuscous, basal margin of the
elytra slightly paler. Surface somewhat shining, head and pronotum
opaque and velvety black. Pubescence dual as in the other species, finer
and shorter than in land or Iccontcl; longer hairs semi-recumbent, paler
ones very small and inconspicuous.
Head transverse, eyes very prominent and rounded ; frontal apex
arcuate, rather feebly reflexed ; front broadly impressed, punctures rather
dense, small and subequal in size, a few larger ones in the supraorbital
region, where the hairs are long and overhang the eyes. A few large
punctures are seen on the vertex. The frontal apex is arcuate from
side to side and narrowly, evenly impressed, inflexed edge very short
as viewed longitudinally from the front ; the labrum is about twice
as wide as long, impressed in the central area and the apex emarginate.
The pubescence is abundant on the labrum and apical parts of the front.
Second joint of the maxillary palpi about as long as the third and
fourth taken together, antennae moderately short, extending to about
the middle of the pronotum; joints four to eleven inclusive subequal
in relative proportions, fourth and fifth smallest, thence the joints
increase very slightly and gradually in size, scarcely incrassate ; third
joint triangulo-obconical and slightly elongate.
Pronotum transverse, about one-third wider than long ; apex rather
moderately arcuate and about two-thirds as wide as the base ; apical
angles broadly rounded into the apex and sides, the latter moderately
convergent anteriorly, almost straight or very feebly and broadly sinuate
in middle two fourths, thence arcuately continuous with the apical
angles, posteriorly more strongly rounding to the basal angles which
are obtusely rounded and somewhat prominent posteriorly ; base broadly
and evenly lobed at middle, thence broadly, evenly and distinctly sinuate
laterally to the angles ; disk rather evenly and very moderately convex,
quite broadly impressed laterally and slightly reflexed, impressions
wider and deeper within the angles, especially at the base, punctures
very minute, scarcely larger than the base of the hairs, those for the
larger hairs feebly subasperate especially at the periphery; hairs notably
fine.
Elytra about one-third longer than wide, scarcely wider posteriorly ;
sides subparallel and feebly arcuate, deflexed in basal half beneath and
behind the humeri, evenly and rather strongly arcuate posteriorly into
the more narrowly rounded apex, sutural angles absent ; base of each
elytron arcuate and adapted to the sinuate pronotal base ; disk very
moderately convex, less so and rather flattened apically, punctures
abundant and small, the larger giving origin to the coarser hairs ; sur-
face finely rugulose. •
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMoT.t section of fifth vein one and one-half times as long as the
cross-vein.
9. Face wide, rounded below, its suture at its middle; antenna-
small, third joint about as long as the two basal joints taken together;
arista more than twice as long as the antennae. Femora and tibia-
colored about as in UK- male, except that the hind tibiae are yellow with
about apical third black; femora with short hair; fore tarsi plain,
bl.ickened from the tip of the first joint. Wings about as in the male.
Described from two males and two females ; the males were
taken at Coklen, Erie County, New York, July 9 and 23 ; the
females at Lancaster, Erie County, New York, June 2.
in the collection of the author.
The Nesting Habits of Odynerus pedestris Sauss, and Stenancis-
trocerus saecularis Sauss (Hymen.; Eumenidae).
Odyiicnis or more correctly Stenodynerus pcdcstris was found nesting
in a sumac twig A mud plug sealed the aperture of this burrow. Upon
splitting the twig it was found that this was an old gallery made by
the bee, Ccralina culcarata, and only the top 2-)4 inches was used by
the present occupant. This tenant had made a mud floor at the afore-
mentioned point and another mud wall at the top for a plug. The space
of 2-J4 inches contained three cells, two of which had dead larvae, and
the third had an adult wasp ready to emerge; this was the condition
of the nest on August 7, 1922.
I was very much surprised when Air. S. A. Kohwer identified this
wasp as S. pcdcstris, since this wasp is described in our "Wasp Studies
Afield" as one that burrows in clay banks. Both specimens were resub-
mitted for verification, the one that recently emerged from the twig,
and the specimen whose behavior was described in the aforementioned
work; reexamination proves that the inhabitant of the twig is Stcna-
d \ncnts pi'dcstris and the name of the burrower in the clay bank should
be corrected i« Stcnancistrocerus sdccnUu-is Sauss.
I regret very much that this error has crept in, and the object of
this note is to correct the name of the wasp, whose behavior is descriln d
on pages 332-334 of the above book to Stenancistrocerus xaccnlan's
Sauss. 1'iin. K A i . St. Louis, Misxiuri.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., OCTOBER, 1923.
Duty on Insects Imported into the United States.
We have had inquiries in relation to the import duty on in-
sects and have had considerable trouble and annoyance our-
selves in respect to this matter. When insects are addressed to
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, they may or
may not he held for duty, probably depending on the action or
opinion of the customs officer. When boxes or packages are
addressed to individuals, they are usually held for duty and
the consignee notified to call and pay duty. The tariff law of
1922 in respect to insects for institutions is clear enough — it
reads as follows: "1663. Specimens of natural history, botany
and mineralogy, when imported for scientific public collections,
and not for sale" (are free of duty). Insect eggs are also free.
This probably means silk-worm eggs. The duty on insects,
imported by individuals, is apparently ten per centum ad
valorem,* at least that is the rate charged in Philadelphia. It
"Treasury Department.
Washington, September 15, 1923.
MR. HENRY SKINNER, President,
The American Entomological Society,
Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
Sir :-
In reply to your letter of the llth instant, requesting information as
to the classification of insects imported by individuals, I have to advise
you that if the insects are imported in crude condition and unmounted
they would be dutiable at the rate of 10% ad valorem under paragraph
145') of the tariff act, and if prepared in any manner or mounted at the
rate of 20% ad valorem under the same paragraph.
Respectfully,
[Signed] MCKENZIE Moss,
Assistant Secretary."
Paragraph 1459 reads : "That there shall he levied, collected and paid
on the importation of all raw or unmanufactured articles not enumerated
or provided for, a duty of 10% ad valorem, and on all articles manu-
factured, in whole or in part, not specially provided for, a duty of 20%
ad valorem."
244
xxxiv, '23] i-:\To.M()LO(,icAi. \K\YS 245
would be interesting to know what is charged in oilier places,
as in some cities they are said to come through free. Living
pupae and chrysalids are liable to confiscation. Duty is charged
on pins, whether for institutions or individuals, and the rate is
thirty-five per centum ad valorem. \Ve have found it impossible
to get good insect pins in the United States. \Ye would suggest
that the U. S. liureau of Kntomology try to clarify these
matters, as at present they are very unsatisfactory and very
annoying. — HENRY SKIN XKR.
Another Reference to Barbellion.
EDITOR, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS :
I was much gratified to see in your editorial for June a quotation
from the pen of W. N. P. Barbellion, hut I was disappointed that
you did not call the attention of the reader to his posthumous work
entitled "The Journal of a Disappointed Man." This teems with in-
teresting remarks, entomological and otherwise, in which I am sure
your readers will find much food for thought. May I quote one choice
bit, entitled "The Entomological Society," on page 110?
"There were a great many Scarabees present who exhibited to one
another poor little pinned insects in collecting boxes. ... It was really
a one-man show, Prof. - — , a man of very considerable scientific
attainments, being present and shouting with a raucous voice in a way
that must have scared some of the timid, unassuming collectors of our
country's butterflies and moths. Like a great, powerful sheep-dog,
he got up and barked, 'Mendelian characters,' or 'Germ plasm,' what
time the obedient flock ran together and bleated a pitiful applause. I
suppose, having frequently heard these and similar phrases fall from
the lips of the great man at these reunions, they have come to regard
them as symbols of a ritual which they think it pious to accept without
any question. So every time the Professor says, 'Allemorph,' or some
such phrase, they cross themselves and never venture to ask him what
the hell it is all about." PHIL RAU, St. Louis, Missouri.
Memorials to Godman and Salvin.
The NEWS for October, 1919, page 231, noticed the initiation of a
movement to place a memorial tablet to Messrs. Godman and Salvin,
founders and editors of the Biolot/ia ('cntrali-Amcricumi, in the Britisli
Museum (Natural History) and to establish a "Godman Memorial Ex-
ploration Fund." During the past summer we have received the report of
the Executive Committee in charge of the fund. According to it. sub-
scriptions received from 84 individuals, three business firms, the British
Ornithologists' Union, the Entomological, Royal Geographical. Royal
Horticultural, Zoological and Royal Societies, with interest, amounted to
246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [(>ct.,'_M
£1272 13s. Id. The total cost of the tablet is £470 and, after deducting
various small expenses, there remains about £788 2s. 2d. for the Explora-
tion Fund, which, as we stated in 1919, had its beginninig in, a gift of
£5000 from Dame Alice Godman and her daughters.
The bronze tablet was designed by Sir Thomas Brock and cast by
Mr. F. Arnold Wright. Its place is to be on the right-hand side of
the statue of Darwin, half way up the main staircase of the Museum,
and the date of unveiling set for July 28, 1923. We have no informa-
tion as to the size of the tablet, but a photographic reproduction of
it shows a horizontal rectangular outline, the middle section of the
upper edge arched and spanning a relief map of Central America,
within a circular scroll bearing the words "Biologia Centrali Americana."
Below this, to left and right, are profile portraits of Salvin and Godman
respectively, facing each other, each with his initials and dates of
birth and death below: O. S. 1835-1898, F. D. G. 1834-1919. Between
the two portraits is the inscription : "To Commemorate the Services to
Natural Science and to the Museum of Frederick Ducane Godman,
n. C. L., F. R. S., and Osbert Salvin, F. R. S., this Tablet is placed
here by some of their friends and admirers."
The purpose of the Godman Exploration Fund is to collect, or acquire
by exploration, specimens for the Natural History Museum.
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.
Cnder the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.
The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical Einto-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series R
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
2 — Transactions of The American Entomological Society, Phila-
delphia. 4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 5 — Psyche,
Cambridge, Mass. 7 — Annals of The Entomological Society of
America, Columbus, Ohio. 8 — The Entomologist's Monthly Maga-
zine, London. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 10 — Proceedings of
the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 11 — Annals and
Magazine of Natural History, London. 12 — Journal of Economic
Entomology, Concord, N. H. 13 — Journal of Entomology and
Zoology, Clarcmont, Cal. 14 — Proceedings of the Zoological Society
of London. 19 — Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society.
XXXJV. '23] K\T(».M()l,(i(,ICAI. \K\VS -47
20 — Bulletin cle la Societe Entomologiqtie de France. Paris. 24—
Annals de la Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 29 — An-
nual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, Toronto,
Canada. 31 — Proceedings of the Acadian Entomological Society,
Truro, N. S. 33 — Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique,
Brussels. 39 — The Florida Entomologist, Gainesville, Florida. 45 —
Zeitschrift fur \vissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, Berlin. 47 — Neue
Beitrage zur systematischen Insektenkunde. Ed. by G. Paganetti
Hummler, Voslau. 49 — Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dah-
lem. 50 — Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 52—
Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 57 — Biologisches Zentralblatt,
Leipzig. 59 — Journal of Agricultural Research, Washington, D. C.
61 — Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. San Fran-
cisco. 68 — Science, Garrison on the Hudson, N. Y. 76 — Nature,
London. 78 — Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique,
Paris. 80 — Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Geneve. 82 — The Ohio
Journal of Science, Columbus, Ohio. 85 — The Journal of Experi-
mental Zoology, Philadelphia. 88 — Occasional Papers of the Museum
of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 89 — Zoologische
Jahrbucher, Jena. 90 — The American Naturalist, Lancaster. Pa.
101 — Journal of the Linnean Society of London. 104— Zeitschrift
fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 107 — Rivista del Museo de
la Plata, Buenos Aires. Ill — Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin.
115 — Societas Entomologica, Stuttgart. 116 — Entomologische Zeit-
schrift, Frankfurt a M. 124 — Bulletin de la Societe entomologique
d'Egypte, Cairo. 138 — American Museum Novitates, New York.
147 — Archiv fur Mikroskopische Anatomic und Entwicklungsme-
chanik, Berlin. 148 — Rcvista de la R. Academia de Ciencias Exactas,
Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid.
GENERAL. Adair, E. W.— The study of insects. (Cairo Sci.
Jour., xi, 133-46.) Bequaert, J. — Recent publications on tropical en-
tomology. 19, xviii 99-103. Caesar & Ross — Insects of the season
in Ontario. 29, 1922, 33-39. Calvert, P. P.— The geographical dis-
tribution of insects and the age and area hypothesis of Dr. J. C.
Willis. 90, Ivii, 218-29. Champlain, A. B. — Fish-killing insects.
(Nature Mag., ii, 119-20.) Costa Lima, A de — Catalog sy.stematico
dos insectos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil e ensalo de biblio-
graphia cntomologica brasileiro. (Arch. Esc. Sup. Agr. e Med.
Yet., Nichtheroy, vi, 107-205.) Crampton, G. C. — Preliminary note
on the terminilogy applied to the parts of an insect's leg. 4, lv,
126-32. A comparison of the terminal abdominal structures of an
adult female of 'the primitive termite Mustotermes darwinensis with
those of the roach Periplaneta americana. 19, xviii, s.1-93. Fowler,
W. W.— Obituary notice. 8, 1923, ir.o -2. Grandi, G.— Gli insetti doi
caprifichi. (Rev. Biol., Roma, v, i>9 '.M>. ) Herter, K. — Untersuchun-
-4S ENTOMOLOGICAL NKNVS [Oct., '23
gen uehcr den temperatursinn der hausgrille (Acheta domestica)
und der roten waldameise (Formica rufa). 57, xliii, 282-85.
Howard, L. O. — A fifty-year sketch history of medical entomology.
(Smith. Inst. Rep., 1921, 565-86.) Locket G. H.— Tactile vision of
insects and Arachnida. 76, cxi, 848. McAtee, W L. — Insects,
Arachnids, and Chilopods of the Pribilof islands, Alaska. (U. S.
Dep. Agr., Biol. Surv., N. Am. Fauna, No. 46, 128-244.) MacGilliv-
ray, A. D. — The value of landmarks in insect morphology. 7, xvi,
77-84. The subcostal vein in the wings of insects. 90, Ivii, 371-74.
Maheux, G. — Provancher, the Canadian Linnaeus — his life and works.
29, 1922, 28-30. Melander, A. L. — Collecting insects on Mount
Rainier. (Smith. Inst. Rep., 1921, 415-22.) Rabaud, E.— La capture
des insectes par les plantes. 20, 1923, 122-4. Riley, N. D. — Transla-
tion of Finkler's communication on the Head-transplantation in in-
sects. 9, Ivi, 143-44. Ross, H. — Pflanzengallen. (Natur, Leipzig,
xiv, 273-82. )Scheerpeltz u. Schild. — Mikroprojektionsmethoden. 124,
iii, 65-9 (cont.) Snyder, L. H. — Instinct and intelligence in nature.
(Nature Mag., ii, 102-4.) Weber, H. — Zur gliederung des insekten-
thorax. 52, Ivii, 97-llfi.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. Boring, A. M.— The varie-
ties of Monecphora bicincta from the point of view of a cytologist.
5, xxx, 89-92. Junker, H. — Cytologische untersuchungen an den
geschlectsorganen der halbzwitterigen steinfliege Perla marginata.
(Arch. f. Zellforschung, xvii, 185-259.) Metz & Ferry. — The parallel
characters "crossveinless" and "vermilion" in Drosophila willistoni.
90, Ivii, 381-4. Schrader & Sturtevant — A note on the theory of sex
determination. 90, Ivii, 379-81. Sturtevant & Morgan — Reverse mu-
tation of the bar gene correlated with crossing over. 68, Ivii, 746-47.
Tarnura, O. — Morphologische studie chromosomen und zellkerne
(Arch. f. Zellforschung, xvii, 131-64.) Ward, L. — The genetics of
curly wing in Drosophila. Another case of balanced lethal factors.
(, Genetics, viii, 276-300.)
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Chamberlin, R. V.— Re-
sults of the Bryant Walker expedition of the Univ. Mich, to Colom-
bia, 1913, and British Guiana, 1914. 88, No. 133. Elton, C. S.—
The colors of water-mites. 14, 1922, 1231-39. de Vecchi, B.— Le
ghiandole a secrezione interna bell 'acrania. (Rev. Biol., Roma,
iv, 634-61.)
Chamberlin & Banks — Arachnida and Chilopoda of Pribilof islands.
(See McAtee under General.) Watson, J. R. — An addition to the
Thysanoptera of Florida — XL 39, vi, 58.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Brethes, J.— Un
Dorypteryx nouveau de Buenos-Ayres. 20, 1923, 117-9. Brittain,
W. H. — The morphology and synonymy of Psyllia mali. 31, 1922,
XXxiv, '23] KNToMoL'HilCAl. X K\\ S 24' >
23-51. Brues, C. T. — The geographical distribution of the Onycho-
phora. 90, Ivii, 210-17. Carpenter & Phillips. — The Colk-rnbola of
Spitsbergen and Bear Island. (Proc. R. Irish Ac., xxxvi. fi. 11-21.)
Ferris, Banks, McAtee — Malophaga, Anoplura, Trichoptera. and
Mecoptera of Pribilof islands. (See McAtee under General.) Karny,
H. H. — A new Liothrips from Trinidad. 11, xii. KiO-4. Kelly, R.—
Thrips; An unpopular insect, treated popularly. (Viet. Nat., Mel-
bourne, xl, 49-57.) Klapalek, F. — Plecopteres nouveaux. 33, 192:;.
21-9. Collections zoologiques du Baron Ed. de Selys Longchamps.,
Cat. Syst. et Descr., Fasc. iv, 2, Plecopteres, Fam. Perlidae. Kotlart,
A. — Ueber die blutaufnahme als nahrung bei den Mallophagen. 52,
Ivi, 231-33. Longinos Navas, R. P. — Insectos sudamericanos. 148,
xix, 255-67. Perfiljew, P. — Ueber den mechanismus der kiemen-
autotomie bei den larven einiger Libellen. 147, xcviii, 2S3-IM.
Snyder, T. E. — Three new termites from the Canal Zone, Panama.
10, xxv, 126-31. Treherne, R. C. — Notes on Frankliniella tritici. 29,
1922, 39-43. Weiss & Lott — Notes on Trichothrips ulmi in New
Jersey. 19, xviii, 94-7.
ORTHOPTERA. Bodine, J. H.— Hibernation in Orthoptera.
85, xxxvii, 457-76. Carothers, E. E. — Notes on the taxonomy, de-
velopment and life history of certain Acrididae. 2, xlix, 7-24. Cau-
dell, A. N. — Grylloblatta in California. 4, Iv, 148-50. Phorticolea
boliviae, a new myrmecophilous cockroach from S. America. 5,
xxx, 28-30. Chopard, L. — Recherches sur la conformation et le de-
veloppement des derniers segments abdominaux chez les orthopteres
(Pub. with Insecta, Rennes, 1920.) Hebard, M.— Orthoptera of
Pribilof islands. (See McAtee under General.)
Rehn, J. A. G. — North American Acrididae. Paper 3. A study of
the Ligurotettigi. 2, xlix, 43-92.
HEMIPTERA. Britton, W. E.— The Hemiptera or sucking in-
sects of Connecticut. (Conn. Geol. £ N. H. Surv., Bull. 34, 807 pp.)
Brittain & Whitehead — Papers on the leaf hoppers of Nova Scotia.
31, 1922, 57-72; 128-57. Barber, G. W. — Notes on Sinea diadema. 5,
xxx, 74-6. A preliminary report on the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of
Porto Rico collected by the Am. Mus. N. H. 138, No. 75. Ferris
& Kelly — Some Coccidae from about the Gulf of California. 61,
xii, 315-18. Laing, F. — On some Psyllidae from the new world. 11
xi, 696-705. Leonard, L. T. — Mealy bugs on the roots and nodules
of legumes growing in the field. 68, Ivii, 671-2. Mac jill'vray, A.
D. — The Maskell collection of Coccidae. 68, Ivi, 734-35. Matheson,
R. — The wax secreting glands of Pseudococcus citri. 7, xvi, 511-1;.
Morrison, H. — A report on a collection of Coccidae from Argentine.
II. 10, xxv, 122-26. Obenberger, J. — Analecta IV. 47, ii. 113-5.
Parshley, H. M. — Record- of .\<>va Scntian hemiptera-heteroptera.
250 ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\YS [<)rt.,'-M
31, 1922, 102-s. Speyer, E. R. — Researches upon the larch chernirs
(CnaphaloJ.es strobilobus) and their hearing upon the evolution of
the Chermesinae in general. (Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, B, ccxii,
111-46.) Van Duzee, E. P. — Expedition of the Cal. Ac. Sci. to the
Gulf of California in 1921. The Hemiptera. 61, xii, 123-200.
Drake, C. ]. — Two new species of Cantacaderia. 19, xviii, 81-84.
Metcalf, Z. P. — A key to the Fulgoridae of eastern North America,
with descriptions of n. sps. (Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sc. Soc., xxxviii,
139-230.) Morrison & Morrison — The scale insects of the subfamilies
Monophlebinae and Margarodinae treated by Maskell. 50, Ivii, Art.
17. Osborn, H. — Some confused species of Phlepsius and Eutettix.
82, xxiii, 1(50-2. Patch & McAtee — Homoptera and Heteroptera of
Pribilof islands. (See McAtee under General.) de la Torre-Bueno,
J. R. — A new North American Notonecta. 19, xviii. 104-7.
LEPIDOPTERA. Ainslie, G. G.— The Crambinae of Florida. 39,
vi, 49-55. Striped sod webworm, Crambus mutabilis. Silver-striped
webworm, Crambus praefectellus. 59, xxiv, 399-414; 415-26. Bell,
E. L. — Correction regarding Amblyscirtes alternata in Florida list.
19, xviii 93. Bryk, F. — Lepidopterorum catalogus. Pars. 27:
Baroniidae, Teinopalpidae, Parnassiidae. 247 pp. Chittenden, F.
H. — Note on Evergestis straminalis. 19, xviii, 84. Dalla Torre et
Strand. — Lepidopterorum catalogus. Pars 28: Lepidarbelidae. Het-
erogynididae. 14 pp. Fischer-S;gwart, H. — Schmetterlinge vom
Amazonenstrome in Brasilien im Zolfinger museum. 115, xxxviii,
21-23. Forbes, W. T. M. — Trap-lantern record at Ithaca, New York.
4, Iv, 151-58 (cont.) Lepidoptera of Pribilof islands. (See McAtee
under General.) Goldschmidt, R. — Einige materialien zur theorie
der abgestimmten reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten. 147, xcviii, 292-313.
Hamel, C. C. — Distribution record on Macronoctua onusta. 10, xxv,
141. Kaiser, J. — Notizen ueber die zucht nord-amerikanischer Cato-
calen und deren Nahrpflanzen. 116, xxxvii, 13-4. Kaye, W. J. — New
species of Trinidad moths. 14, 1922, 991-98. Mallock, A. — Expansion
of the wings of lepidoptera after emergence from the chrysalis. 76,
cxii, 7-8. Ram;dsn, C. T. — A new Kricogonia from Cuba. (Mem.
Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., "Felipe Poey," iv, 211-12.) Snodgrass, R.
E. — The fall webworm. (Smith Inst. Rep., 1921, 395-414.) Wegener,
M. — Ueber bildungsherde der hamocyten bei Lepidopterenlarven
(Zerynthia polyxena.) 52, Ivii, 28-38. Die biologische bedeutung der
nackengabel der papilionidenraupen. 57, xliii, 292-301.
Barnes & Benjamin — A new race of Brenthis from Colorado. 4,
Iv, 146. Bird, H. — New life histories, species and varieties in Papai-
pema. 4, Iv, 106-9. Braun, A. F.— The tineid moths of the Gulf of
California expedition. 61, xii, 117-22. Heinrich, C. — New Oletheu-
tidae from eastern U. S. 10, xxv, 105-22. McDunnough, J. — Notes
XXxiv. '23 ] ENTOMOLOGICAL MAN'S 251
on the identity of Sphinx vancouverensis. New Canadian lepidop-
tera. 4, Iv, 147-48; 163-68. Wright, W. S. --The geo.netrid moths of
the Gulf of California expedition. 61, xii, 113-5.
DIPTERA. Aldrich, J. M. — Synonymy in the genus Cetema. 19,
xviii, 80. Assmuth, J.- — Ametabolie und hermaphroditismus bei den
Termitoxeniiden. 57, xliii, 268-81. Bezzi, M. — The genus Urophora
in America. 2, xlix, 1-6. Bromley, S. W. — Observations on the feed-
ing habits of robber flies. 5, xxx, 41-5. Bru:s, C. T. — A new genus
of myrmecophilous Phoridae, with notes on some related forms. 5,
xxx, 18-22. Cole, F. R. — Notes on the dipterous family Cyrticlae. 5,
xxx, 46-8. Cook, W. C. — Note on a bombyliid parasite of the pale
western cutworm. 12, xvi, 327. Curran, C. H. — Xotes on some
diptera. Observations on the oviposition of Senotainia trilineata. 4,
Iv, 150; 174. — Relation of the biological and taxonomic studies in
Syrphidae. 29, 1922, 30-33. Doane, R. W. — Syrphid larvae as pests.
68, Ivii, 741. Franca, C. — Observations sur le genre Phlebotomus.
(Bui. Soc. Portugal. Sc. Nat., ix, 9-18.) Greene, C. T.— The larva
and pupa of Microdon megalogaster. 10, xxv, 140-41. Herzog, M.
A. — Neues zur biologic der dasselfliege (Hypoc'erma bovis) und zur
bekampfung der rinderhautbremsen oder biesfliegenseuche. (Rev.
Biol., Roma, iii, 747-80, iv, 23-43.) Jones & Bradley — Observations
on Tabanidae in Louisiana. 12, xvi, 307-12. Landis, E. M. — A tabular
account of the structural differences between the four larval instars
of Culex pipens. 2, xlix, 25-42. Leon, N. — Ueber die speichelpumpe
der Culiciden. (Cent. Bakt. Parasidt. u. Infekt., xx, Abt. 1, 361-2.)
L!ma, A. DaC. — A new species of bat flea from Matto-Grosso. (Rev.
Sci. Soc. Brasil. Sci., iv, 74-5, 1920.) Malloch, J. R.— Exotic Mus-
caridae. — IX. 11, xi, 664-75. Martini, E. — Ueber emige fur das sys-
tem bedeutungsvolle merkmale der stechmucken. 89, xlvi, S\M.,
517-90. Parman, D. C. — Biological notes on the hen tlea, ICchidno-
phaga gallinacea. 59, xxiii, 1 007-9. Shannon, R. C. — Non-human
host records of Wohlfahrtia. 10, xxv, 1 12. Sturtevant, A. H.— The
probable occurrence of parthenogenesis in Ochthiphila polystigma. 5,
xxx, 22-7. Weed, C. M. — The house mosquito, (\a1nre Mag., ii,
49-50.)
Alexander, Malloch & Walton — Diptera of Pribilof islands. (See
McAtee under General.) Cole, F. R. — Notes on the early stages of
the syrphid genus Microdon. Notes on California Bombyliidae with
descriptions of n. sps. 13, xv, 19-20: 21-26. The Bombyliidae from
the Gulf of California expedition. 61, xii, 2S9-:;i t. Curran, C. H. —
Two new N. Am. diptera. (Oc. Pap. Boston Soc. X. H., v, 59-61.)
Hine, J. S. — Horseflies collected by Dr. J. M. Aldrich in Alaska in
1921. 4, Iv, 1-13-46. Johannsen, O. A. — North American Dixidae. 5,
xxx, 52-8. Johnson, C. W.— The occurrence of MtiM-ina
252 KXTo.MOI.OCIl'Al. \K\VS [ ( K't., '23
in N. America. New species of N. Am. Cyrtidae. 5, xxx, 1-5; 49-51.
Sturtevant, A. H. — New species and notes on synonymy and distri-
bution of Muscidae Acalyptratae. 138, No. 7(>. Van Duzee, M. C. —
New species of N. Am. Dolichopodidae. 5, xxx, 63-73. The Pelas-
toneurus of North America. (Dolichopodidae). 7, xvi, 30-49. New
Dolichopodidae from the Gulf of California expedition. 61, xii, 105-12.
COLEOPTERA. Altson, A. M.— On the method of oviposition
and the egg of Lyctus brunneus. 101, xxxv, Zool., 217-28. Arend-
sen Hein, S. A. — Larvenarten von der gattung Tenebrio und ihre
kultur. 49, xii, 121-59. Benderitter, E. — Scarabaeides de la collec-
tion Gillet. 33, 1923, 5-8. Bernet Kempers, K. J. W. — Abbildungen
von flugelgeader der coleopteren. 49, xii, 71-115. Brocher, F. —
Biologic et physiologic des dytiscides. 24, xci, 329-35. Bryant, G.
E. — Notes on synonymy in the Phytophaga. 11, xii, 130-47. Bug-
nion, E. — Etudes relatives a 1'anatorhie et a 1'embryologie des vers
luisants ou Lampyrides. 78, Ivi, 1-53. Chittenden, F. H. — Notes on
the distribution and habits of North American Phyllotreta. 10,
xxv, 131-39. Holste, G. — Das gehirn von Dytiscus marginalis. 104,
cxx, 251-80. Hutchinings, C. B. — Some notes on the biology of two
buprestids infesting blackberry and hazel. Agrilus ruficollis and
A. politus). 29, 1922, 43-46. Lucas, R, — Coleoptera fur 1917. Mit
nachtragen zu fruheren bcrichten. Ill, 1918, A, 5, 1-310. Mutchler
& Weiss — Beetles of the genera Saperda and Oberea known to
occur in New Jersey. (New Jersey Dept. Agr. Bur. Stat. & Inspect.,
Circ. 58.) Paolo, L. — Un caso di antenna bifida in un Cerambyx
scopolii. (Atti Pont. Accad. Romana Nuovi Lincei, Ixxxiv 130, 1921.)
Verhoeff, K. W. — Ueber larventypen der C. und die auflosung der
alten Malacodermata. 45, xviii, 115-25. Wickham, H. F. — Coleop-
tera of Pribilof islands. (See McAtee under General.) Wilson, C.
B. — Life history of the scavenger water-beetle, Hydrous triangularis,
and its economic relation to fish breeding. (Bui. Bur. Fish., xxxix,
9-38.)
Blaisdell, F. E. — The Tenebrionidae from the Gulf of California
expedition. 61, xii, 201-88. Champlain & Knull — A new variety of
Melanophila drummondi. (Buprestidae). Fragmentary notes on
forest coleoptera. 4, Iv, 105; 112-15. Davis, W. T. — A new longicorn
beetle from the Catskill mountains. 19, xviii, 97-8. Fall, H. C.—
Zarrhipis Le Conte. 4, Iv, 109-12. Knull, J. N. — Agrilus bilineatus
var. carpini, new name. 4, Iv, 105.
HYMENOPTERA. Bequaert, J.— Vestigial pleometrosis in the
North American Polistes pallipes. 19, xviii, 73-80. Bruch, C. — Es-
tudios mirmecologicos. 107, xxvi, 175-211. Du^tan, A. G. — A
histological account of three parasites of the fall wcbworm (Hy-
phantria cunea). 31, 1922, 73-95. Leach, F. A. — "Jumping seeds".
XXXIV. '23] rOMOLOGICAL XKWS
Plant growths that hop about like fleas. (Nat. History, New York,
xxiii, :>'.i:>-:;()0.) Mann, W. M.— Two new ants from Bolivia. 5,
xxx. 13-18. Safford, W. E. — Ant acacias and acacia ants of Mexico
and Central America. (Smith. Inst., Rep., l(.i:21. 381-94.) Santschi,
F. — Solenopsis et autres fourmis neotropicales. 80, xxx, 245-7.'!.
Thomson, J. A.— The flower and the bee. Very important link in
evolution. (Malayan Agr. Jour., xi, <)S-l()1.) Wheeler, E. W.— Some
braconids parasitic on aphids and their life history. 7, xvi, 1-29.
Wheeler & Mann — A singular habit of sawfly larvae. 5, xxx, 9-13.
Williams, O. F.— Ants have a number sense. (Guide to Nature,
xvi, 33-4.)
Bradley & Bequaert — A new Dasymutilla from Arizona. 138, No.
82. Ccckerell, T. D. A. — The bees from the Gulf of California ex-
pedition. 61, xii, 73-103. Fox, C. L. — Two new bembecids from the
Channel Islands. Cal. 5, xxx, 6-8. MacGillivray, A. D.— Sawflies
from Alberta. 4, Iv, 158-62. Xew sawflies, from Oregon. 5, xxx,
;; si. A century of Tenthredinoidea. (Univ. Illinois Bull., xx,
No. 50.) Muesebeck, C. F. W. — A revision of the N. A. species
of ichneumon flies belonging to the genus Meteorus. 50, Ixiii, Art. "2.
Picard, F. — Contribution a 1'etude des parasites de "Pieris brassicae."
78, Ivi, 54-130. Smith, M. R. — Two new Mississippi ants of the
subgenus Colobopsis. 5, xxx, 82-8. Viereck, H. L. — Hymenoptera
of Pribilof islands. (See McAtee under General.)
A notice of the foundation of the Entomological Society of Brazil
given in the XF.WS for October. 1922, page 240. The Society
has recently published numbers 1-3 of the first volume of its BOLETIM
(Rio de Janeiro, 1922) containing articles (in Portuguese) on Brazilian
Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera which have been listed under our
department of Entomological Literature.
A relatively new entomological journal is the NORSK ENTOMOLOGISK
TIMSSKKIFT. published (in Norwegian) by the Norse Entomological
Society at Christiania. The first volume is dated 1920.
GKXKKA 1 XSKCTOKUM, lasc. 181. APIDAE, SUBFAM. PRIISOI'IIUXAF.. by
GEOFI-KI.'I MKAM-;-\YAUH>. 45 pp., 1 col. pi., Bruxelles, 1923.
This, the first of the parts treating of the bees which has been prom-
ised since 1919, reached the writer on June 28. As a catalog of the
known species it supersedes this part of the volume of Dalle Torre
in 18%. The latter work listed 284 species in 6 genera, the present
one has 19 genera (one of doubtful position) with 753 species. Aus-
tralia has 300 of the species, including almost all of the genera except-
ing Frosopis, which appears under the generic name Hyliicns. l:.nry-
glossa has 88 species, the other genera from 1 to 17 each. The colored
254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '23
plate shows representatives of 17 genera and some details of legs,
mouthparts and antennae. No American species are illustrated.
A note by the editor states that since the death of Meade-Waldo the
manuscript has been brought up to date by Prof. Cockerell, who has
added the names of species recently described. A few notes on
synonomy of American forms have been inserted by Prof. Cockerell.
Several typographical errors appear in the text. Two generic names
are misspelled on the plate but corrected on the page of explanations of
figures. The reference to figure 8 is omitted on page 11, and in line
7 of page 30, the use of "be" for "he is" might prove puzzling to
one unfamiliar with English.
The description of habits is very brief (5 lines) and the statement
that "The larvae are fed on a liquid food probably pollen regurgitated in
the form of honey" would seem to imply that the bees were able to
convert pollen into honey. Whether or not the bees make the cavities
which they use is not stated. The nests which have been found by the
writer indicate that our species use old cavities made by Alcidamca,
Ccratina, Odyncrus, etc., and he also has found them using the portion
of a twig left empty by the Alcidamca above her cells.
One important comment is made by the author concerning the origin
of the group. The short emarginate ligula has been regarded as evi-
dence of the close affinity of these bees with the wasps. In two genera,
M'craglossa and Palcorhiza the ligula of the male is acute, and in
Eupaleorhiza, described (male only) from New Guinea by Meade-
Waldo in 1914, the tongue is quite long and folded when in repose. The
author suggests that perhaps the broad ligula is an adaptation asso-
ciated with the habit of coating the nest with salivary secretions. Its
recurrence in the Collctinac which have no other similarity to the
Prosopidinae would seem additional evidence of such origin.
The treatment of the synonomy evidently is somewhat unequal. The
species distribution of H.ylacits is as follows (Dalle Torre's numbers
in the parentheses) : palearctic 158 (161), nearctic 42 (12), neotropic
93 (13), ethiopian 47 (5), oriental (including Japan) 49 (11), Aus-
tralian 119 (56), Hawaii 60 (12). The 42 North American species
include the 20 recognized by Metz, the 11 placed by him as uncertain,
2 placed as synonyms and 2 unmentioned, also 7 since described. That
the palearctic region has lost 3 species is due to the placing of many
of those of Forster and others in the synonomy, but Europe still seems
to have a rather generous allowance compared with North America
(71 of the 158). Of Forster's species, 25 are retained, 5 of them as
varieties. Of Cockerell's North American forms, 17 stand while 24
fall, but of his Australian1 ones, 82 stand and only 10 fall. All of the
52 described by Perkins from Hawaii are retained.
Much as one may admire the execution of such a work, the writer
cannot help feeling that the plan of it is a mistake. He realized that
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS
its circulation must he comparatively small, but was surprised when
informed by the editor that only 150 copies of this part would be
printed. In botany we have Die \,ititrliclicn rfhinzcnfumilicn, a some-
what similar work except that it doe* not attempt to list all of
the species and is not printed on such an elaborate scale. That publica-
tion covers the entire plant kingdom, was completed in 23 years (most
of it in 13), and still can be obtained quite readily from dealers in
second-hand books for about $100. In addition to the high cost of the
(',EXI:KA Ixsu TOKVM. and the length of time necessary to complete it,
the small edition will make opportunities to secure complete sets quite
rare. — O. A. STKVKXS.
OBITUARY.
WILLIAM EVANS, a fellow of the Royal Society of Edin-
burgh, died in that (his native) city, October 23, 1922. in his
72nd year. His interests in natir.al history were very wide
and he contributed much to the knowledge of British insects in
numerous notes and papers in the British journals, such as a
series in the Scottish Naturalist for 1914 and 1915 dealing with
insects found at the Scottish lighthouses. Mr. K. J. Morton,
his fellow townsman, to whom we were indebted for a delight-
ful evening spent in Mr. Evans' companv. has written a sym-
pathetic notice of his life ( Ent. Mo. Mag., Jan., 1923).
At the meeting of the Entomological Society of Belgium of
November 4, 1922. the death of the distinguished hemipter-
ologist, A. L. MoxTAxnnx, at Jassy. Rumania, was announced,
but no particulars are given.
The Reverend Canon WILLIAM \\"KI-:KES EOWLICK died June
3, 1923, in the vestry of his parish church, St. Peter's, Karley.
Reading. England. "He had officiated at the early service"
that day, but later "collap-ed without warning, and life was
extinct be-fore medical aid could be summoned." He was born
in janua'-y, 1849, son of the Rev. Hugh Fowler, attended
Rugby, took a degree at Jesus College, Oxford, was ordained
priest in 1S75, and was master of Lincoln Crammer School.
1880-1900. He was appointed Canon of Welton Brinkhall in
Lincoln Cathedral, in 1SS7. His best known works are The
256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '23
Colcoptcra of the British Islands, five volumes, 1887-1891, and
a supplementary volume by himself and Mr. H. Donisthorpe
in 1913; Rhynchota-Homoptera, parts of Vols. I and II, of
the Biologia Centrali- Americana, 1894-1909; the general in-
troduction to the Coleoptera and the volume on Cicindelidae
and Paussidae in the Fauna of British India and the Lan-
guriidae in Wytsman's Genera Insectorum. He was President
of the Entomological Society of London in 1901-02. His great
activity, bodily and mental, and his readiness to assist fellow
students in every possible way were outstanding features of his
character. (Entom. Mo. Mag., July, 1923, Entom., July, 1923.)
The death of M. PAUL MABILLE at Perreux, France, on
April 6, 1923, at the age of 88 years, was announced at the
meeting of the Entomological Society of France of April 11.
He was president of the Society in 1890 and in 1904 and was
elected an honorary member in 1901. He was both a botanist
and an entomologist, his chief works on insects being those on
the Lepidoptera of Corsica (1867-69), of Madagascar, of As-
sinie, on the genus EnpitJiccia (1880), on the Hesperidae of
the world, and an essay on the fauna of the island of Oleron
(1906.) (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1923, No. 7, p. 102.)
The death of EUGENE BOULLET who published several works
on the Hesperidae in collaboration with M. Mabille and, more
recently, with M. E. LeCerf, was announced at the meeting of
the same Society of February 28, 1923, but without any dates.
He had formed a very important collection of Lepidoptera of
the entire world which he gave to the Museum national d'His-
toire Naturelle, bequeathing to the Laboratoire d'Entomologie
thereof a sum sufficient to assure the maintenance of the col-
lection.
At the same meeting was also announced the death of
ED. BLANC, coleopterist, who made a successful entomological
exploration of the Caucasus, Turkestan, parts of China and
Siberia in 1890-91. (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1923, No. 4, pp.
48-49.)
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NOVEMBER, 1923
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXIV
No. 9
WILLIAM HARMS ASHMF.AD
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.
HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA
VOL. XXXIV
NOVEMBER, 1923
No. 9
CONTENTS
Cresson — A New Species of an Achias-
like Kly from Nicaragua, apparently
belonging to the little-known genus
Plagiocephalus (Diptera: Oitalidae) 257
Hebard — An Interesting New Species
of the Genus Melanoplus from Cen-
tral Georgia (Orth: Acrididae) 260
Williamson — Some Peculiarities of the
Dragonfly Fauna of Trinidad (Odo-
nata) 263
Jones— Collecting in the Southwestern
United States 265
Reinhard — New Tachinidae from
Texas ( Diptera) 266
Smith — Hunting Rare Beetlesand Bugs
Above Clouds (Coleop ) 269
Cockerell — Two Fossil Hvmenoptera
from Florissant (Vespidae, Mega-
chilidae) 270
Schwarz— The Reason why Catocala
Eggs are Occasionally Deposited on
Plants upon which the Larva cannot
Survive ; and a new Variaiion (Lep.,
Noctuidae) 272
The Bacot Memorial Fund 273
Champlain and Knull— A New Species
of Agrilus from Kansas ( Bupresti-
dae, Coleop. ) ^ 274
Hull— Notes on the ramily r> emestri-
nidae (Diptera) 275
Brimley— Additional Syrphidae (Dip-
tera) from North Carolina, with de-
scriptions of Two Supposed New
Species 277
Professor and Mrs. T. D A. Cockerell
Escape from the Japanese Earth-
quake 279
Fditorial — Give ! 280
Buchanan — Two European Weevils
Established in North America (Cole-
optera : Cuiculionidae) 280
The New Director of the Pennsylvania
Bureau of Plant Industry 281
A Magnificent Gift to th: National
Museum (Diptera) 282
Malloch — A Note on the Relationships
of Pvrgotidae (Diptera) 2^3
Entomological Literature 283
A New Species of an Achias-like Fly from Nicaragua,
apparently belonging to the little-known genus
Plagiocephalus (Diptera : Ortalidae).
I'y K. T. CRKSSOX, JR.
\mon^ the material collected by Mr. \Yharton Huber on
the Xicara.^uan Expedition of the Academy of Xatural Sciences
of Philadelphia, in the spring of 1922, was found a specimen
of the curious pscudo-stalked-eyed flies, which upon close ex-
amination proved to he <|uite distinct from .Icliias and its
allies. An examination of the literature relative to species of
.Icliias soon established the similarity of this fly to the figure
257
258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '23
of Plagiocephdlus lobnlaris, given in Wiedemann's 1830 paper.
That species was the only known Achias-like dipteron, except-
ing some species of the drosophilid genus ZyijotJirica occurring
in the New \Yorld, which fad makes the finding of the present
species all the more interesting. I give helnw a rather full
description, in ahsent of detailed illustrations, endeavoring to
include all characteristics of specific and generic importance.
PLAGIOCEPHALUS Wied.
1830. Wiedemann, Achias, 12. nl. ii, f. la-b.
1843. Macquart, Dipt. Exot., ii (3), 213.
1873. Loew, Mon, Dipt. N. A. iii, 26.
1880. Osten-Sacken, An. Mus. Civ. St. Geneva, xvi, 478.
1909. Hendel, Gen. Ins., fasc. 96, 47.
1911. Hendel, Gen. Ins., fasc. 113, 52.
This genus was erected for Achias lobnlaris Wied., a well
marked species described from Brazil, hut which apparently
has not been seen since its discovery. Consequently, and in
part owing to the insufficiently characterized description, the
position of the genus has been little understood. Prior to
Loew's and Osten Sacken's papers above cited, the genus had
been associated with Achias, but Hendel following their sug-
gestions, placed it in the ortalid subfamily Richardinae.
That the present species is closely related to lobnlaris is cer-
tain, but I have doubts as to it being congeneric. The fact
that it has a distinctly plumose arista (that of lobnlaris being
bare) alone suggests generic distinction and, furthermore, this
may be substantiated by other characteristics not mentioned in
the descriptions of lobnlaris. However, in the absence of more
knowledge of lobnlaris, 1 hesitate to erect another genus for the
present species. The pedal structure and the venation of
lobnlaris may offer some valid generic characteristics, but one
is guided only by the general figure of that species in tlies--
respects.
That the present species is a member of the Kuhardinae, is
evident by the following characteristics : Yibrissa absent ; median
part of face flattened with a distinct transverse sulcus above the
projecting epistoma ; sutural impressions of mesonotum oblique;
two pairs of post-dorso-centrals ; mesopleural bristles well de-
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 259
vel< >\ >ed, hut there are no propleurals nor sternopleural. Auxil-
iary vein entering costa slightly beyond branch of second and
third veins, at which point the first vein is thickened and nearly
contiguous with the auxiliary vein ; first vein short and bare ;
anal cell short with its cross-vein convex, without acute lower
angle. Abdomen rather slender basally.
Plagiocephalus huberi new species
Yellow ; third antennal segment above, a transverse stripe on head
above from eye to eye, including frontal bristles and ocellar tubercle,
a similar stripe on occiput from eye to neck, including inner and outer
verticals, bm\vn. Mesonotum dark brown to black, opaque, marked
with golden pollinose design as follows : a broad median stripe ex-
tending nearly to base of scutellum, then laterally, including postalar
callus, then anteriorly, emarginated at suture and including humerus.
There is also a vertical golden stripe over mesopleura but not including
the shining sternopleura, a spot of same color on metapleura and a stripe
below halteres. Scutellum sordid, sparingly golden pollinose. Meta-
notum dark with median pale vertical stripe. Pleura pale with dark
vertical stripe behind prostigma and another before poststigma. Halteres
nearly white. Abdomen (much shrunken and deformed) is dark with
first segment and a median stripe on second and third, also lateral apical
angles of second, pale. Legs entirely yellow but apices of tarsi darker.
Wings yellow with pale veins immaculate but faintly longitudinally in-
fuscated in first posterior cell.
Structurally, in general habitus, similar to Wiedemann's figure, but
the head more slender as in Macquart's figure. Ocelli well developed,
bristles strong and parallel and situated behind line of anterior ocellus ;
p ist-verticals divergent; inner verticals situated slightly beyond line of
humeri, while the outer verticals are about midway between the former
and the ryes; one frontal situated slightly beyond line of inner ver-
ticals; all these bristles well developed. Lunular margin straight, dis-
tinct to eyes where it becomes carinate, and the eyes are angular at that
place. Antennae close together; third segment three times as long as
second, and three times as long as broad, rounded apically ; arista
longer than third segment, shortly but distinctly plumose to tip. Face
subopaque, medianly flattened; facialia produced laterally in form of a
triangle, evanescing slightly beyond line of frontal bristle; no vi-
brissae or setulae on face. Kpistoma concave, narrow but prominent,
with a distinct transverse sulcus above; clypcus narrow, short, not as
1 road as the oral opening. Proboscis short; palpi broadly scapulaU-
apically.
'Ihorax robust, as broad as long; fore coxae not attaining base of
middle oiu-s ; all bristles strong. Mesonotum yellow setulose ; two post-
260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '23
dorso-centrals ; two post-alars ; one supra-alar; one presutural ; one
humeral; t\vo noto-pleurals ; OIK- meso-pleural, and some pale hairs mi
the posterior margin and on the golden .-tripe. Scutellum triangular,
flattened, with two diverging apical and mic lateral bristles. Legs rather
robust, especially hind femora. Fore legs without dorsal bristles, but
with pale hairs; middle femora with few short flexor bristles and a pre-
apical on tibiae; hind femora thickened, with stout flexor spines and
several slender extensor bristles, without preapical on tibiae. Squama-
thoracalis linear ; squama-alaris small with long pale cilia.
Abdomen much shrunken and impossible of critical description.
Wings 8 mm. long. Costal cell narrow; auxiliary vein entering costa
at break; no costal spine; stigmal area short; first vein bare, short, end-
ing far before line of ante-cross-vein; second vein long; second costal
section about three times as long as third. Third and fourth veins bare,
converging so that first posterior cell is considerably narrowed apically ;
ante-cross-vein perpendicular, beyond middle of discal cell ; ultimate
section of fourth vein three times as long as preceding section; post-
cross-vein straight, perpendicular ; anal cell not longer than second basal,
and its cross-vein convex, rounding into sixth vein. Alula moderate.
Length. — 8 mm. width of head 10 mm.
Type.— $ ? Eden, Nicaragua, 14°-0'N., 84°-26' W., May 17,
1922, (Wharton Huber, [A. N. S. P., No. 6284.]
An Interesting New Species of the Genus Melanoplus
from Central Georgia (Orthoptera, Acrididae).
By MORGAN HEBARD, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
In June of the present year, Dr. Henry Fox, for the first
time, examined a small upland grove, three miles east of Macon,
Georgia, and about a mile north of a spot locally known as
"Cross-Keys." He there secured eight specimens of a short-
winged member of the genus Melanoplus, which represent a
previously unknown species. This insect is described below and
we take great pleasure in naming it in honor of Dr. Fox, whose
observations and studies in the Orthoptera show a thoroughness,
accuracy and scientific concept which places them with the most
important contemporary contributions.
Melanoplus foxi new species Text figures I and M.
This insect is nearest M. stntniosits Morse, iK-ing one of the
species of the Puer Group having broadly oval tegmina, dull
glaucous caudal tibiae and a truncate prosternul spine. Furtlu-r
agreement with stniinosits is found in the general form, the
xxxiv, z
ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\VS
261
male cerci and subgenital plate being of tbe same general typ.1.
though showing striking differentiation. Superficially, the at-
tingent tegmina give to the present insect a slightly stronger
resemblance to .17. scapnlaris Rehn and Hebarcl.
From stnnnosits, males of fo.vi are readily separated by the
attigent tegmina, more slender furcula, which are separated at
their bases by a considerable interval, much more elongate supra-
anal plate, showing a different contour, particularly in the shaip
transverse carina mesad, cerci straighter and slightly surpassing
the apex of the supra-ana.1 plate and similarly broadlv trun-
cate subgenital plate, which, however, is proportionately de-
cidedly shorter.
Type: <$ ; Macon, ( ieorgia. June 4, 1^2-x (Dr. Henry Fox.)
[Hebard Collection, Type No. 924. |
i 2
Melanoplns foxi n. sp. Dorsal (i) and lateral (2) views of apex of abdonun
of male type. (Much enlarged).
Size and form closely resembling stntuwsits, very slightly less robust.
Weak sulcation of vertex and frontal costa similar. Kye considerably
longer than cheek, distinctly more than twice as long as infra-ocular
sulcus. Pronotum with lateral carinae of disk nut well defined, very
feebly diverging caudad ; medio-longitudinal carina perciirrent, sharp
and distinct; caudal margin of disk very weakly convex, however, very
faintly less truncate than in stniiiiosns. Tegmina abbreviate rotundatc
not much longer than broad, very slightly overlapping. Extremity <>!
abdomen moderately tumid and slightly upcurved. Furcula represented
by a pair of slender, finger-like processes, parallel (or feebly di-
verging) and separated at their bases by a distance slightly less than
the length of one of these. Supra-anal plate elongate shield-shaped,
one and one-half times as Ion- as greatest width; proximal half wit'i
a broad and decidedly concave medio-longitudinal sulcus and lateral
262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '23
portions even more strongly concave, separated from distal portion by
a sharp transverse carina ; distal half showing concavity proximad on
each side, its lateral margins weakly cmarginatc before the angulate
apex. Cerci broad proximad but rapidly tapering, produced as a
slender shaft, which is straight in lateral aspect but feebly incurved in
dorsal aspect, its apical portion slightly thickened and produced to an
acute point directed ventro-caudad. Subgenital plate broadly truncate-
conical, longer than cercus but much shorter than supra-anal plate.
Limbs as in stritmosits.
The measurements of the type are given first. $ . Length of body
16 and 15.8, length of pronotum 4 and 3.9, caudal width of pronotal
disk 2.8 and 2.8, length of tegmen 3.6 and 3.3, width of tegmen 2.8
and 2.7, length of caudal femur 10.7 and 10.8 mm.
The most noteworthy color differences found between this insect
and strumosus are the more reddish shade and apparently less strik-
ingly paler face, genae and ventral portion of the pronotal lateral
lobes of fo.ri. Vertex, occiput, disk of pronotum and tegmina black-
ish chestnut brown. A shining black, broad post-ocular bar extends
from the eye to the principal sulcus of the pronotum. Eyes russet.
Other portions of head, lateral lobes of pronotum and ventral por-
tions of pleura vinaceous russet. Other portions of pleura blackish,
with an oblique line of vinaceous-pink. Abdomen pecan brown, with
an abruptly terminated black area on each side proximad. Ventral
surface chamois. Cephalic and and median limbs vinaceous russet
mottled with brown. Caudal femora mikado brown, the genicular areas
and three transverse suffusions of blackish forming the usual external
pattern, the ventro-external portion light pinkish cinnamon; ventral
surface clear tawny, internal surface dorsad largely suffused with
blackish. Caudal tibiae very dull glaucous-blue, spines black, spurs
huffy with black tips.
Two paratypic males and five large immature individuals,
representing both sexes, were also secured. Dr. Fox writes
that "they were found in scrubby undergrowth, consisting pre-
dominantly of huckleberry, deerberry (Polycodium sf>.), brake
(Pteridium aquilinujii) and oak sprouts (mostly Oitcrcns cin-
crca, the upland willow oak), in an open grove of mixed long-
leaf pine and scrub oak. The locality is on nearly level upland,
in the section known as the Sand Hills, a few miles below the
'Fall Line.' More than an hour's search was required to secure
this small series. The insects appeared to be rather sluggish,
leaping and then clinging to some twig or other convenient sup-
port, in much the same manner as other brachypterous forms."
xxxiv, '23 J ENTOMOLOGICAL XKws 263
Some Peculiarities of the Dragonfly Fauna of
Trinidad (Odonata).
By K. H. WILLIAMSON, I'.lulTton, Indiana.
Trinidad, in latitude between 10° and 11° north, with an area
of about 2050 square miles, lies sixteen miles east of the north-
eastern extremity of Venezuela, its northern coast line on
•/
about the same parallel as that of the mainland lying west
of it. To the south lies the delta of the Orinoco, whose
southern affluents, together with the coastal streams of the
Guianas to the southeast, rise from the highlands which are
the northern watershed of the lower Amazon. The topography
of Trinidad is varied, rising from sea level to a maximum at
a few points of about 3000 feet. The flora is rich and generally
luxuriant.
In 1912 with my father, L. A. Williamson, and Mr. B. J.
Rainey, I made a small collection of dragonflies in Trinidad.
This collection has not been fully worked up, but Dr. Ris has
published on the Libellulines and I have recorded some of the
Agrionines. These records in connection with the known dis-
tribution of dragonflies in northern Venezuela and Colombia
and Central America, on the one hand, and in British Guiana
and the lower .Amazonian basin on the other, present some
points of interest which students of other groups of the fauna
of Trinidad may find significant. My first hand knowledge of
the lower Amazonian dragonflies is based almost entirely on
a very large and complete collection made by J. H. William-
son and J. W. Strohm, under the auspices of the University
of Michigan, which collection is now being studied by J. H.
Williamson and myself.
This note on the dragnnflies of Trinidad is brief and general
and it is not my purpose to discuss the distribution of any
species in detail. So the region lying west and north of Trini-
dad, as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, will be re-
ferred to as ^-cslcrn, while the Guianian and .Amazonian regions
will be referred to as southern when these regions are compared
with Trinidad.
264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '23
Dr. Ris records forty species of Libellulines from Trinidad,
based on our collections. Of these one is insular, but not con-
fined to Trinidad ; twenty-six occur in both the southern and
western regions ; ten occur in the southern only ; and three
occur only in the western. Thus the predominance of the
southern species, in view of the geographical position of Trini-
dad, is striking and rather unexpected. The three western
species belong to two genera, Dythcinis and Macrothcmis, and
are stream-frequenting species, but there are other species in
Trinidad of these genera which occur in both the western and
southern regions or in the southern region only.
Two genera of protoneurines with a single species of each
occur in Trinidad. These two species occur only in the western
region. They are stream species. None of the species of pro-
toneurines of the southern region is known from Trinidad.
In the same way two species of Hctacrina, like all the species
of the genus, stream dwellers, occur only in the western region,
none of the numerous species of the southern region being
known from Trinidad.
At a little woodland swamp near Cumuto, in Trinidad, we
took three species of Mctaleptobasis. Species of this genus
frequent small woodland swamps, swampy forests, subject to
seasonal inundation, and similar habitats found about slug-
gish, muddy, wet-weather woodland streams. They are in-
conspicuous insects usually resting near the ground on twigs
or the upturned edges of fallen leaves or in grass or sedge
clumps and sometimes rising to higher perches in bushes or
low trees. Their flight is usually direct and rapid but for
short distances only. The distribution of the three species
found in Trinidad is exactly the opposite of what we find in
the case of the stream dwelling protoneurines and Hetaerinas.
For the three Mctaleptobasis are all southern. One is known
from British Guiana, another is known from far up the Ma-
deira River, about as far south of the equator as Trinidad is
north, and the third species is known also from far up the
Madeira and from Manaos and Para. The genus is known
from the western region but none of the western species is
known to occur in Trinidad.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS 265
Lacking- a knowledge of the geology of Trinidad and such
light as data on floral or other faunal groups may throw on
these facts, I may yet hazard in a very diffident way a theory
to account for the present dragonfly fauna. We may suppose
the Metaleptobasis are members of a very old fauna, present
when Trinidad was a part of the Guianian land mass or directly-
connected therewith. During the time of separation the stream
faunas became extinct from some reason or, if they survived,
they were later replaced by an invasion of better adapted
stream species from a contiguous region of similar geographical
position and similar climatic conditions, that is, from north-
eastern Venezuela.
[The following data bearing on the theory proposed by Mr. William-
son are added at his request. F. M. Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. Xat.
Hist. VI, p.7, 1894) lists 194 species of land birds common to Trinidad
and the continent of South America. Of these: 153 are found in both
Guiana and Venezuela, 25 in Venezuela but not in Guiana, 11 in Guiana
but not in Venezuela. He holds that the Trinidad avifauna "belongs in the
Colombian rather than in the Amazonian subregion." He does not
consider the relations of parts of Trinidad separately. R. T. Hill (Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool. XXXIV, 1899) thinks that "Trinidad, Tobago and
the adjacent islands were severed from the South American coast"
in late Miocene and Pliocene time (p. 214). "The continental coastal
plains of South Florida, Mexico, Yucatan, Costa Rica and Trinidad
were veneered during Pliocene time with a coating of oceanic debris
composed of shells and calcareous muds" (p. 217). Wheeler (Amer.
Mus. Novitates, No. 45, New York, Sept. 7, 1922, p. 1) says : "the ant
fauna of Trinidad ... is in great part identical with and probably
quite as rich as that of the adjacent Venezuelan coast."— EDITOR.]
Collecting in the Southwestern United States.
DEAR DR. SKIXXKR: I am making a belated and hurried collecting trip
through the Southwest— Texas, Arizona, and California. On arriving
here, was fortunate in getting the services of a U. S. Forest Ranger (on
vacation) and his Ford auto. Have been into the Catalinas at Various
points to 6000-7000 feet; the Santa Ritas, east and west slopes; the
Huachucas (Carr and Ramsey canyons) ; Xogales, 1'atagmiia, and other
points, I looked principally for I'sycliuldc, but have a lot of other ma-
terial including Megathymus and other interesting diurnals. Saw Bieder-
man in Carr Canyon, and thr Ma.^ny brothers, just below him. Didn't
find your big Fsychid, which has apparently disappeared from the station
for it. Barnes has it, I believe, from elsewhere. I've picked up some
flies for Mr. Cresson, and some dragon (lies for Dr. Calvert. Shall hopr
to tell you about my lluaehnca experiences soon after my return in
late October. Yours very truly.
KI;\XK M. JONES, Wilmington, Delaware.
266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '23
New Tachlnidae from Texas (Diptera).
By H. J. REIN HARD, Texas Experiment Station, College
Station, Texas.
PARATACTA new genus.
Related to Atacta Schiner. Abdomen, thorax and head with
distinct .macrochaetae. Palpi well developed, proboscis slender,
shorter than height of head. First vein bare, sides of face with
bristly hairs on the lower half, apical cell open, ending well
before wing tip. Eyes bare. Front of male greatly narrowed
above, about equal to one-half the width of either eye, in fe-
male one and one-half times as wide as either eye. Ocellar
bristles present, proclinate. Lowest frontal bristles about op-
posite the middle of second antennal joint. Antennae reaching
to lower third of face, vibrissae rather weak, somewhat ap-
proximated, situated less than one-half the length of second
antennal joint above oral margin. Facial ridges practically
bare, only one or two bristles at the base above the vibrissae.
Cheeks in the female about one-third, in the male one-fourth, as
wide as eye height. Wings of normal shape, whitish hyaline,
costal spine obsolete. Hind tibiae ciliate on the post-exterior
edge. Type of genus, Paratacta facialis new species.
Paratacta facialis new species.
$. Black, the first two antennal joints, palpi, scutellum and fourth
abdominal segment, except at its base, yellow. Frontal bristles diverging
abruptly at base of antennae, cruciate, except the vertical pair. Two
pairs of orbitals, and a pair of posteriorly directed macrochaetae situ-
ated outside of the frontal rows about mid-way between the hind
pair of orbitals and the anterior ocellus. Inner and outer verticals
strongly developed. Antennae separated at base by a carina, third
joint black, except at base, slightly shorter than second. Arista bare,
thickened on basal third, the penultimate joint slightly longer than
broad. Sides of face at narrowest part nearly one-third as wide
as median depression, bearing several irregular rows of bristly hairs
extending from the lowest frontals nearly to lower end of the eyes.
Proboscis moderately long, distal segment rigid, shining black, labrlla
fleshy, yellowish ; palpi spatulate.
Thorax gray pollinose, dorsuni with five black vittae. Three po.st-
sutural dorsocentral and four sternopleural macrochaetae. Scutellum
gray pollinose, with three pairs of long marginal macrochaetae and a
smaller discal pair, dorsum covered with sub-erect bristly hairs.
XXxiv, '23 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL MOWS 267
Abdomen short, broad, gray pnllinose, clothed with coarse reclinate
bristles, all macrochaetae marginal, large and erect. The first t\v<>
segments with the usual pairs, third with a marginal row and the
fourth with a submarginal row.
Legs black, knees yellowish, middle tibiae with three macrochaetae
on the front side near the middle, pulvilli short.
Wings whitish hyaline, veins yellow, all except third bare, the
latter with two or three bristles at the base. Hind cross vein nearly-
straight, nearer to bend of fourth than to small crossvein. Apical cell
open, ending distinctly before wing tip. Bend of fourth vein rounded,
without a stump or fold. Calypteres whitish, tinged with yellow.
Total length 7 mm.
$ . Similar to female except as noted in the generic description
and as follows : Paraf rentals with numerous long slender black hairs,
no orbital or outer vertical bristles present, third antennal joint as
long as second. Eyes larger and the facets on the upper half enlarged.
Described from one male and one female specimen, the former
not perfect. Collected at Balmorhea, Texas, August 4, 1922.
( C. S. Rude). Type, a female, deposited in the U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C. This species differs from Atacln
principally in having the parafacials hairy, and is generally
much less robust.
Xiphomyia texana new species.
9 . Length 6 to 7 mm. Eyes bare. Front nearly as wide as either
eye, faintly yellow pollinose, except on the outer borders, vitta broad,
occupying about one-third the width of the front, opaque, brownish-
black. Ocellar triangle yellow pollinose, with numerous short black
hairs, and a pair of weak proclinate bristles. Two pairs of orbital
bristles. Frontals in two rows, directed posteriorly and descending
slightly below the base of third antennal segment. Parafacials, cheeks,
and median depression cinereous. Antennae nearly as long as face,
black, third joint slightly more than twice as long as second. Arista
black, thickened only for a short distance beyond the base, microscopically
pubescent on less than basal half, penultimate joint not longer than
broad. Facial depression rather large, ridges diverging strongly down-
ward, bearing four or five bristles above the vibrissae. The latter
large and strongly cruciate, situated on level with the oral margin and
lower end of the eyes. Sides of the face bare and narrow. Pro-
boscis short, labella fleshy, yellowish; palpi brownish at base, yellow
apically. Cheeks narrow, about one-fifth as wide as eye height. Pos-
terior orbits and occiput cinereous.
Thorax black, the pollen on dorsum tinged lightly with yellow, four
distinct vittae, the outer pair broad and interrupted at suture, pleurae
268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '23
thinly gray pollinose. Four postsutural dorsocentral and three sterno-
pleural macrochaetae. Scutellum black, bearing three pairs of marginal
macrochaetae, the posterior pair extending almost to base of third ab-
dominal segment, the apical pair small or obsolete.
Abdomen somewhat conical, clothed with reclinate bristly hairs, last
three segments white pollinose on base, shining black apically, with
both marginal and discal macrochaetae ; the latter are sometimes asym-
metrically placed. The piercer strongly developed, when unsheathed ex-
tends forward to second abdominal segment.
Legs black, middle tibiae with one bristle on the front side near the
middle, hind tibiae sub-ciliate.
Wings whitish hyaline, costal spine, inconspicuous, veins yellow. Third
vein with two or three bristles near the base, all others bare. Posterior
crossvein sinuous, nearer to bend of fourth than to small crossvein.
Apical cell open, ending well before wing tip. Fourth vein nearly
straight beyond bend, not distinctly appendiculate, but sometimes- with
a very short rudimentary stump at the bend. Calypteres white with
a faint tawny tinge.
Described from three female specimens, collected at College
Station, Texas, September, 1917, July, 1918, and October, 1921.
(H. J. Reinhard). Type, a female, deposited in the U. S.
National Museum, Washington, D. C. This species is evidently
near gladiatrix Townsend, but differs in the color of the face,
scutellum, abdomen, etc., the piercer is not as long, and discal
bristles on all abdominal segments except the first.
Metachaeta cinerosa new species.
$ . Black, palpi, proboscis and base of third antenna! segment, yellow.
Front at vertex as broad as cither eye, thinly gray pollinose, sub-
shining, vitta opaque, brown, rather broad and extending around sides
of ocellar triangle, the latter also gray pollinose and sub-shining. Ocel-
lar bristles small, directed forward. Frontal bristles descending to tip
of second antennal joint, usually two pairs of orbitals, the posterior
pair sometimes very small. Cheeks, facial depression and sides of
face gray pollinose. Antennae as long as face, third joint four or five
times as long as second, convex on the front edge. Arista yellowish,
short and thickened to the middle, densely clothed with short micro-
scopic pubescence, the penultimate joint about as broad as long. Si(K
of face narrow, with a row of macrochaetae extending from the
lowest frontal bristles to the lower corner of the eyes. Vibrissae large,
cruciate, inserted on the oral margin, one or two bristles above each
Cheeks about one-third as wide as eye height. Proboscis short and
fleshy, palpi slender, not thickened apically. Eyes apparently bare, but
with a few short microscopic hairs.
XXXJV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 269
Thorax thinly gray pollinosc, dorsum sub-shining, with three pruinose
vittae in front of the suture, the middle one extending postsuturally
about half way to base of scutellum. The latter black, shining, bear-
ing three pairs of marginal macrochaetae.
Abdomen elongate-ovate, shining black, narrow bases of second and
third segments gray pollinose, all segments with marginal macrochaetae
situated somewhat before the posterior border of the segments. No
true discals present.
Wings hyaline, tinged with yellow at the base, costal spine strongly
developed, veins yellow. The first vein bristly on basal half, third vein
with bristles almost to small crossvein, all others bare. Posterior cross-
vein nearly straight, nearer to small crossvein than to bend of fourth,
the latter without an appendage or fold. Last section of fifth vein more
than one-half as long as the preceding section. Apical cell closed and
long petiolate, the third vein ending near to wing tip. Calypteres
white, with a tawny tinge.
Legs black, front tarsi considerably dilated, pulvilli and claws very
short. Middle tibiae with a single bristle on the front side near the
middle, hind tibiae not ciliate. Total length 4 mm.
Described from four male specimens collected at College
Station, Texas, May, 1917, June, 1919, and March, 1921. (H.
J. Reinhard). Type, a male, deposited in the U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C. This species differs from helymus
Walker, in having hyaline wings, pruinose vittae on thorax, no
discal macrochaetae on abdomen, and the intermediate segments
oT the latter pollinose on base.
Hunting Rare Beetles and Bugs Above Clouds (Coleop.)-
Howard Notman, of 136 Joralemon Street, Brooklyn, New York,
although now possessing one of the largest collections of preserved
insects in the Western Hemisphere, still continues his quest for rarer
species (July, 1923). The accompanying "snap shot" caught the en-
tomologist examining a carabus beetle, an almost extinct species which
he recently found under a rock on the top of Altyn Mountain in
('.lacier National Park. Mr. Notman will remain in this Rocky Moun-
tain region the rest of the summer adding to his collection which
now numbers 75,000 insects. He has been gathering this collection
since boyhood. He has 5,000 varieties of beetles. Instead of having
a large library room as most men <>f his financial circumstances d<>, he
has built one commodious room on the top iloor of his lirooklyn bouse
which he devotes to his collection, lie keeps them in a score of long
show cases. HUM-; SMITH. St. Paul, Minnesota.
270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '-M
Two Fossil Hymenoptera from Florissant
(Vespidae, Megachilidae).
By T. D. A. COCKERELL, 1'oulder, Colorado.
The wasp and bee now described, from the Miocene shales
of Florissant, Colorado, belong to the Colorado Museum of
Natural History, and were kindly placed in my hands for
study by Director J. D. Figgins.
Palaeovespa relecta new species.
Length 17.5 mm. ; anterior wing 10.7 mm. ; first discoidal cell slightly
over 5 mm.; length of marginal cell 3 mm.; prothoracic lobes not
striate ; abdomen broad at base as in I ~cspa. Head and thorax black ;
antennae stout, ferruginous, dark at extreme base ; first two segments
of abdomen pallid, with small lateral dark markings; segments 3
to 5 with broad dark bands, about as broad as the intervals between
them, each with a broadly rounded lobiform extension posteriorly on
each side, and at posterior middle a very minute point easily overlooked ;
apex dark. Wings clear, suffusedly somewhat dusky along upper margin ;
nervures light ferruginous ; marginal cell produced and narrowly pointed
as usual in genus ; end of first discoidal not more oblique than in
J'cspula; second recurrent nervure ending much more than half way
from first recurrent to end of second submarginal cell.
The following measurements are in microns : Second submarginal cell
on first discoidal, 208, on second (third of many authors) discoidal,
560, from second recurrent to end, 320; width (depth) of marginal
cell, 690 ; second submarginal on marginal, 384 ; third submarginal on
marginal, 720.
This is an extremely interesting species, for several reasons.
Among the species of Palaeovespa, it falls next to P. gillcttci
Ckll., but that has the abdomen black, with narrow light sut-
ural bands, and differs in various details. The abdominal
bands of P. rclccta are lobecl posteriorly as in the living rcspnla
consobrina Sauss. ; in V . gcnnanica Fabr. the lobes have be-
come elongated and basally constricted, or cephaliform ; in
V . 1'itlgaris L. they have become spots. The posterior median
point so conspicuously developed in Vespula is a minute denti-
form process on the hind margin of the bands of P. rclccta.
The slender apex of the marginal cell, and the position of the
second recurrent nervure, place P. rclccta in Palacot'cspa. but
Vespula is divided into two groups according to the position of
the second recurrent. In true ]7cspula. with short malar space,
the second recurrent ends about midway between the first and
the end of the second submarginal cell. I have examined
V , occidcntalis Cress. (San Ignacio, New Mexico, at flowers of
xxxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
271
plum, May 4.). /". (jcnmmica Fabr. (The Mount. Funchal,
Madeira, Dec. 28), V. ritliuiris L. (Winfrith, Dorset, Knidand.
( >ct. 11), and /'. cousohriiia Sauss. (Buford, Colo.). In Koh-
wer's Dolicliorcsfitlii. which may be taken as a genus, not only
is tbe malar space long, but tbe second recurrent is more tban
twice as far from the end of the second submarginal as from
the first recurrent. I have before me D. inaciilata L. (Buford,
Colo.), and D. diubolica Sanss. ( Boulder. Colo., and Las Vegas.
N. M.). With these structural differences, go others in nesting
habits. In respect to tbe position of the recurrent nervures,
Dolichovcspula stands midway between Vcspuhi and I'ala-co-
vcspa, and therefore presumably represents the latest stage of
evolution.
Heriades mersatus new species.
Length 6 mm. ; anterior wing 3.8 mm. ; base to stigma 2.2 mm. ; width
of head 1.5 mm., of abdomen not quite 2; length of abdomen 2.7 mm.
Head and thorax black; abdomen pale reddish, darkened at apex and
base ; legs pale ferruginous ; wings clear, nervures ferruginous ; an-
tennae stout ; head and thorax closely and strongly punctured, as in
modern Heriades, the punctures. of thorax about 24 microns in diameter.
The following measurements are in microns : width of flagellum, 160 ;
width (depth) of marginal ceil, 304; straight section of basal nervure not
greatly shorter than the curved (lower) section, the latter 416; length
of marginal cell, 976; first intercubitus to end of marginal cell. 800;
greatest length (diagonal) of first submarginal cell, 704; length of
sicond submarginal, 624; second submarginal on marginal, 272; second
recurrent before end of bulging second submarginal about 50 (as in tbe
living //. tnuu-nntiii. but in the fossil //. Imlictinits Ckll. the nervure is
at end of cell). The first recurrent nervure joins second submarginal
cell at distance from its base equal to about half intercubitus, as in
H. Ihi'ictinus. The nervulus, placed typically for the genus, is a very
little 1-asatl of the basal nervure, and slightly arched outward. The
first discoidal cell is 944 long.
Nearest to H. Jia'icthnts Ckll., among the Florissant fossils,
but differently co'o-ed, and with different wing measurements.
The lower section of basal nervure is not greatly curved.
This makes the sixth fossil Heriades from Florissant, while
in tin- modern fauna of Colorado we know only three specie--.
In Miocene times it appcars that Ifcriudcs was prolific in speoie-
in the Kooky Mountain country, just as it is in South Africa
today. Why it has become limited to a few types in modern
Colorado \ve cannot conjecture, unless it may be that suitable
nesting places are now less frequently available.
272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '23
The Reason why Catocala Eggs are Occasionally
Deposited on Plants upon which the Larva
cannot Survive ; and a New Variation
(Lepid., Noctuidae).
By ERNST SCHWARZ, St. Louis, Missouri.
Twelve years ago Rowley (Entomological News, 1911, Vol.
XXIII, p. 207.) collected from hickory a live egg of Catocala
ilia. The egg hatched, the larva refused to feed on the hickory ;
but feasted on the burr oak. After mentioning that he had
occasionally found on the shagbark hickory, dead eggs and
dead larvae of what seemed to be this same species, Rowley in-
quires "Why are these eggs laid on a tree whose leaves the
young larva cannot eat?"
Eor nearly eleven years the present writer has been investi-
gating that problem. After conducting numerous experiments,
all of which yielded the same results, the present writer thinks
he has the solution to this problem which has long puzzled the
naturalists. These experiments extended over a period of
seven years ; but, since the results of all experiments are similar,
I shall confine my discussion to an experiment performed
in 1921.
On August 16, 1921, I captured two females of C. cara.
Each was placed in a two-pound paper bag and carried home.
There each was confined in a large glass globe. In each globe
I had previously placed a willow twig, a poplar twig and a
hickory twig; willow is the natural food plant of this species.
The night beginning August 17th and ending August 18th
both rested quietly on the willow, hut no eggs were deposited.
On the following night number one laid ten eggs and number
two, eleven, all on the willow. The next night number one de-
posited twenty-one and number two, thirty eggs, all on the
willow. Both seemed contented with their surroundings and
continued to lay. By September 15, number one laid two eggs
on the poplar; on the 16th, one on the poplar and two on the
hickory. On the same night number two deposited one on
the hickory. On the night of the 17th each rested on the
'23 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 273
paper in the bottom of the cage. In the morning both were
dead ; but each had deposited an egg on the paper.
In previous years similar experiments were conducted with
C. ilia Cram., a burr oak feeder; C. titania Dodge, a cock-
spur thorn (Cnitdcyits cnis-f/alli L.) feeder; and C. pala>'n
i/tiiin/ (in., a walnut feeder. The results were practically the
same as that described above.
These experiments seem to permit of but one interpretation.
As far as the catocala moths are concerned, ovipositing on other
than the food plants of the larva is a function of old age. It
is a sign of physical exhaustion. When the senses of sight
and of smell have been so dulled by age that the moth has lost
the power of discrimination then, and not until then, eggs are
deposited on objects other than the food plant of the species.
Fortunately for the species, this condition seldom occurs until
after the bulk of the eggs have been deposited; hence it is
not a handicap to the survival of the species.
A NEW VARIATION
Catocala hypolita, Strk. variety walteri, new variety.
Ground color light bluish, speckled lightly with black atoms. All
markings very contrasting, heavy black, except the subterminal line,
which is white. A heavy basal dash extends across the wing, terminat-
ing at inner angle between veins 1 and 2, only interrupted by the sub-
terminal line. In all other respects as in the type. Expands 75 mm.
Described from one male and one female collected and reared
by Mr. C. Walter. Type locality, Anaheim, California. 7'y/v.
one male in the collection of the author and one female in that
cf Mr. Walter.
This variant rivals scinirclicta in beauty.
The Bacot Memorial Fund.
In mt niory of Arthur William Bacot, whose death from typhus, while
investigating the transmission of the disease by lice, \\as reported in the
Xi'.ws for D22. page 255. the Bacot Memorial Fund has been started
in Kngland to provide assistance to the authorities of the council schools
in his home ( Loughtou ) in furthering the study of natural history.
( \ntitrc, as reported in Science. Iviii, p. 29).
274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '23
A New Species of Agrilus from Kansas
(Buprestidae, Coleop.).
By A. B. CHAMPLAIN and J. N. KNULL, Bureau of Plant
Industry, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
The following species of Agrilus, found among some ma-
terial sent to the writers for identification, through Prof. J. G.
Sanders, is believed to he undescribed.
We are indebted to Prof. H. C. Fall for comparing it with
the type of Agrilus townscndi Fall, and to Mr. C. A. Frost for
examination of material.
Agrilus paramasculinus new species.
Form and size of A. mascitllnus Horn, dull cupreo-aeneous, each
elytron with an indistinct vitta. Antennae reaching to the middle of
the prothorax in the male, serrate from the fourth joint, head convex,
front slightly strigate, vertex punctate, clypeus extremely broadly emar-
ginate, becoming nearly truncate. Prothorax wider than long, sides
strongly arcuate, sinuate near hind angles which are strongly carinate
in both sexes, disk convex with two slight median depressions, lateral
oblique depressions well marked, surface transversely strigate, densely
pubescent laterally. Scutellum granulate, transversely carinate. Elytra
dilate behind the middle, sinuate behind the humeri, apices rounded,
serrulate, surface granulate-imbricate. Body beneath more shining than
above, rather markedly pubescent, prosternal lobe emarginate, pygidium
punctate, not carinate, abdomen densely but lightly punctate, tarsal claws
deeply cleft, the inner portion turned inward, nearly, or quite touching
that of the opposite side. Length 6 mm.
$ . Pro-, meso- and metasternum densely pubescent along median line,
fore and middle tibiae mucronate on inner side, hind tibiae not
mucronate.
$ . Ventral surface without any marked pubescence along median line,
none of the tibiae mucronate.
According to Horn's key* this species would run to A. DHIS-
culinus Horn, but it can easily be distinguished from this species
by the faint vittate elytra and the much shorter first joint of
hind tarsi.
Described from a series labeled "Kan. T. B. A.," in the
Purdue University collection. Type in the Purdue University
collection. The authors are indebted to Prof. J. J. Davis for
the privilege of describing the species.
*Horn, G. H.— Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V. 18, p. 283—1891.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 275
Notes on the Family Nemestrinidae (Diptera).
By FRANK M. HULL, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
The family Nemestrinidae comprises an unique group of flies
rarely met with by most collectors and then only in its peculiar
habitat — the dry and arid regions of the world. The North
American representatives, of which there are now nine species
in four genera, have been recorded from Central America,
Mexico, western United States and Florida.
Neorhynchocephalus volaticus Williston.
Canadian Entomologist, 15, p. 71, 1883.
This species was exceedingly abundant in the vicinity of the
Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College, during the
month of July, 1922. The college is located near Starkville,
Mississippi, in the north-eastern part of the state and this
locality forms quite an extension of range for the species. It
is a section of the state that becomes extremely dry in summer
and very few flowers are then present. Pine-covered areas meet
there with areas of decidous growth. There are no streams in
this immediate region.
The writer found the species while collecting in tall, half-
dried field grass. There was also an occasional shrubby bush
and considerable half -grown goldenrod (Solidago). The flies
were poised in the air from about a foot above the tops of the
grass, to all depths within it. Apparently they were engaged in
threading the mazes of the grass close to the earth. None were
observed at rest upon the earth or vegetation. They flew
slowly when not alarmed, at every few inches stopping to hover
in the air, when they constantly emitted a very high-pitched
hum or drone that is quite characteristic. The note appears to
possess something of a ventriloquial effect, for the flies were
not easy to discern even long after they were heard droning.
. At nearly every step flies were flushed and often several
might be seen at the same time. If approached too precipitously
with the net they darted off very quickly, yet not so fast but
that they might be followed with the eye for some sixty or
seventy feet, when they apparently descended to earth again.
In all, 32 males and 38 females were taken, during the period
from July 21 to 29, 1922. A specimen was subsequently taken
276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Nov., '23
by the writer at West Point, Mississippi (20 miles distant,) on
Aug. 4, 1922, under similar conditions. Further, an examina-
tion of student collections showed three specimens collected a
week to ten days before July 21, at Mississippi Agricultural and
Mechanical College. In the collection of the college of the fall
of 1921, were found three specimens taken in July of that year,
one of them on July 7. The earliest record known from the
state is of a specimen collected by Prof. R. W. Harned, July
16, 1909, at the college.
The flies were observed upon flowers in only a few instances ;
once on a small blue flower and twice on flowers of the Ritd-
beckia type. They were most active from two p. m. to four-
thirty p. m., after which they became noticeably scarcer. No
collecting was done in the forenoon. From the fact that they
were quiet at noon and most active in the hottest part of the
day, it is probable that they were quiet in the forenoon. They
were observed on all sides of the college in situations similar
to the one described. The breeding of the flies at the locality
may be taken without question.
I have found the species in abundance on two other occasions.
At Kingsville, Texas, June 6, 1921, nine specimens were col-
lected from the greenish heads of a flower of the mint family.
They were in a creek bed among considerable rank growth of
vegetation. Hundreds of the flies were found at Raymondville,
Texas, at mid-day (hottest part of the day), of June 29, 1921,
over a large area of dense scrubby growth some four to five
feet high and interspersed with cacti (Opnntia, etc.) and ebony
trees in bloom. They were poising before the small greenish
white flowers of white-bush (Aloysia liyustrina Small). About
a dozen were collected.
The majority of the specimens were 10.5 to 11 mm., in length, ex-
clusive of ovipositor (in the female). Three specimens were found to
measure 12 to 13 mm., and two, only 9 mm. The ovipositor measured
2.5 mm.
The appearance of the insect is rendered characteristic by a rather
thick clothing of a pale yellow, appressed pile, over the whole body,
which hides the ground color, but which is generally denuded to some
extent upon the abdomen. The ground color of the abdomen is shining
light brown, the posterior margins of the segments usually show a
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 277
narrow black line, which, as a rule, is produced in the middle and
anteriorly to form an uneven, black, median fascia on the dorsum of
the abdomen. The pile of the abdomen is most adherent on the
posterior margins of the segments producing a characteristic banded
appearance.
Hirmoneura bradleyi Bequaert.
Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 27, p. 311.
Three specimens of this species were collected by Mr. R. H.
Painter, to whom the writer is indebted for the following notes.
They were taken in Bee Creek Canyon, Austin, Texas, on May
19 and June 7, 1921. Bee Creek Canyon is two miles from
Austin and in the dry limestone country of Edward's Plateau.
•/ -
Two of them, in copula, were taken at mountain cedar, Sabhut
sabinoidcs Small, and the third from the pink flowers of
Callicarpa aiucricaua L. They were poising in the air and emit-
ting the characteristic drone of the group. A fourth specimen
was taken at Austin, Texas, on May 25, 1922, at mountain
cedar.
//. bradleyi is characterized by its general dark reddish brown
and smoky coloration and its longitudinally striped thorax.
Additional Syrphidae (Diptera) from North Carolina,
with Descriptions of Two Supposed New Species.
By C. S. BRIM LEY, Division of Kntmiiolngy. X. C. Dept. of
Agriculture, Raleigh, North Carolina.
This list is supplementary to the one published by C. L. Met-
calf, in the Klisha Mitchell Journal, Chapel Hill, X. C., De-
cember, 1916, in which he enumerates 128 species from this
state, this list of fifteen more bringing the total number of
Syrphidae known from the stale to 143.
PIPIZA FESTIVA Meigen, Raleigh, March 21, 1921, April 7, 1923 CSB.
PIPIZA NIGRIPILOSA Will., Raleigh, August 2, 1921, CSB.
("HKYSO<;ASTI:K IXFI.. \TIKRO.\S Shannon, l;oiir males, \. C., Morrison
(Shannon, Proc. Knt. Soc. Wash, XVIII, 107.)
CHII.OSIA si MIL is Shannon, Raleigh, September 30, October 7, 1021,
CSB.
SvKi'iius KNABl Shannon, Raleigh, March 28. ll'OS. August 5. 1'MS.
late June, i'-lack Mts., late May, 1910. \-\ Sherman and CSP>.
X. \.\TIIOI, RAM MA FLAVIPES Loew, RaU igh, September 13, 1922, one,
CSB.
I'.kAi HYoi'A VACUA O. S., Raleigh, April 7, 1023. one on hlo>Mims of
black haw (\'l22. ("SP>.
oDnx AUKri.KXTi's Fab., Raleigh, May n, }t>22, one. CSB.
.i,., 1,0 .iisiKoKM is. Twnd , Raleigh, May 18, lnlS, C'Sll.
Prof, and Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell Escape from the Japanese
Earthquake.
It is a matter of rejoicing among entomologists to learn that Professor
and Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell escaped from the Japanese earthquake.
In The Outlook for October 3, l')J.\ Professor Cockerell relates his
observations of the scene in Yokohama, as witnessed from the steamship
I'.in press of .-liistrnlin in that harbor.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., NOVEMBER, 1923.
Give!
Elsewhere in this number of the NEWS, will he found an
announcement of important gifts to the Division of Insects of
the United States National Museum. During the present year
reference has been made in these pages to various donations to
museums on the other side of the Atlantic. It is especially
gratifying to be able to record an equal instance of munificence
in these United States. While there are exceptions to the state-
ment that the great endowed or state-supported museums are
the best resting places for private collections, the statement
is generally true and we hope that many more American
entomologists will follow Dr. Aldrich's example and in their
life-time place their treasures where the latter may be freely
accessible to their fellow-workers.
Notes and Ne\vs.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE
Two European Weevils established in North America
• (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
Notaris bimaculatus Fabr. (wyomingensis Chittenden)
At the suggestion of Dr. Schwarz, the writer obtained a good series
of the European N. bimaculatus for comparison with Chittenden's species.
The two proved to be identical, and Dr. Chittenden who later studied
the European set also pronounces his species a synonym. In addition
to the type locality of wyomingensis (Cheyenne, Wyoming) the Ixvtle
has been found at Ft. Resolution, Mackenzie ; Lone Deer, Montana ;
Volga, South Dakota ; Spirit Lake and Lake Okoboji, Iowa; Madeline
Island and Madison, Wisconsin.
The fact that nearly all the earlier records are from the west, while
the later records become progressively more eastern, may indicate a we*;!
to east movement of dispersal, though nothing more than a surmise can
be based on the scanty evidence now available.
Phytonomus rumicis Linn.
Tins species which is recorded as common on Ruiuc.r and Polynomial
amphibium in Europe, was found in considerable numbers on a patch
of Polygonum near Iowa City, Iowa, in May, 1917. Mr. F. S. C'arr
has also collected it at Edmonton, Alberta, (1919), and Mr. Sperry
found one specimen in the stomach of an upland plover collected at
Gronna, North Dakota, May 25, 1912. Dr. A Fleischer thinks it may
280
XXxiv, '23] F.NTOMOI.MCICAL NKWS
281
represent an American variety of riiniicis on account of the somewhat
brighter markings, but a separate name seems unnecessary. The better
marked individuals of nimicis can be identified by the heavy black stripe
on the elytra extending from the base backward along the suture and
meeting a large transverse black spot or bar before the middle. Behind
this bar the scales are whitish or at least distinctly brighter than the
LM iHTul surface color. The black markings are sometimes only vaguely
indicated or even absent, but the patch of brighter colored scales behind
the middle is present on all the specimens examined, and is apparently
a distinctive feature. In the structure of the beak, antennae, and scales
nimicis closely resembles cxiinins Lee., but the latter has the sides of the
thorax more strongly arcuate and the body more convex.
Poorly marked individuals of nimicis might easily pass for c.viinius,
and it is possible the two will be found mixed in collections.
L. L. BUCHANAN, U. S. Biological Survey, Washington, D. C.
The New Director of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Plant Industry.
Charles H. Hadley, recently named by Secretary of Agriculture
Frank P. Willits as the new director of the Pennsylvania Bureau of
Plant Industry, took immediate charge of the work of the bureau on
the day of his appointment, July 23, 1923.
Director Hadley is probably most widely known to agriculturists in
Pennsylvania and in other parts of the country through his endeavors
during the past three years as the federal entomologist in charge of
all field operations of the joint Japanese Beetle project in south-
eastern Pennsylvania and in Xew Jersey. Entering the federal service
in April, 1919, as a plant quarantine inspector at the Riverton, N. J.,
laboratory, later put in charge of the control work with 25 to 30 men
under his direction and, in October, 1920, placed in complete charge
of the project, his record of achievement in entomological work has
been notable.
His early education was obtained in the Manual Training High School
and the Polytechnic Preparatory School in Brooklyn, N. Y. In the
fall of 1908, he entered Yale University and two years later transferred
to the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts,
receiving the degree of bachelor of science in 1912.
While a student at the Xrw Hampshire state college he assisted in
the insectary and laboratory and also engaged in experimental work
in the field. For three years after graduation he held an assistantship
in entomology in the college experiment station and in 1915 he went
to Cornell University to pursue a year of study in advanced ento-
mological subjects.
He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement
of Science and has been a member of the American Association of
Economic Entomologists since 1912. Other affiliations include Alpha
Zeta, honorary agricultural society, and Sigma Xi, honorary scientific
society. Among his most recent publications are: "The Japam-M- Beetle"
(Xew Jersey Station circular), and "The Clover Leaf Weevil" (Cornell
282 ENTOMOLOGICAL MiWS [Nov., '23
Experiment Station bulletin). Other scientific contributions include,
"The Lesser Migratory Locust" (Cornell) : "Potato Insects" (Penn-
sylvania) ; "Arsenical Residues" (New Hampshire) ; "The Rhododen-
dron Lace Bug," "The 17-Year Locust in Xe\v York," and "The Japanese
Beetle Quarantine," in various issues of the Journal of Economic En-
tomology.
It is encouraging to those interested in the successful culmination of
the Jap beetle fight that an agreement has been made between the
Pennsylvania and the United States governments whereby Director
Hadley will continue to oversee the general operations of the co-operative
project during the next few months, while also giving his attention
to the new duties in Pennsylvania. Part of his time will be given to
the federal work in which he has been engaged and part to the duties
of the Pennsylvania directorship. In his absence on federal duty,
general supervision of the State work will be vested in Deputy Di-
rector Walter A. McCubbin.
A Magnificent Gift to the National Museum (Diptera).
The National Museum has recently received as a gift from
Dr. J. M. Aldrich his private collection of Diptera. This col-
lection was begun in 1890, and for 28 years received a good
share of the owner's efforts ; since he went to the National
Museum in 1918 it has however received no additions. A
recent inventory showed it to contain 44,610 pinned specimens
and 4,145 species fully named; 534 of the latter were repre-
sented by type material. There are some hundreds of un-
described species : and as Dr. .Aldrich collected for many years
in the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain regions, his collec-
tion contains many named species not heretofore represented in
the National collection.
Dr. Aldrich also donated to the Museum his card index
of the literature of North American Diptera, begun in 1898
and now extending to about 70,000 references as nearly as can
be estimated. With the exception of about 20 hours' work, this
is all by the hand of the owner himself, and represents to a
large extent his own conclusions from the literature rather
than a mere compilation.
In a letter to his chief presenting the collection and index,
Dr. Aldrich states that he was deterred from taking this action
sooner because the salaries paid by the Museum are still on
the scale established in 1882 (except for a temporary war bonus
of $240), and he did not feel sure that h.j could continue per-
manently as one of the curators. Recently, however, under
the reclassification act passed by the last ( 'ongress. the Museum
staff have been assured of a new pay schedule approximating
the requirements of the present time.
XX.xiv, '23] ENTOMOl.iHiK'AL N KWS 283
A Note on the Relationships of Pyrgotidae (Diptera).
Wiedemann. when he described the genus P'jrunta. placed it between
the genera Tctanoccra and Platyccphaia. In Williston's Manual and
Aldrich's Catalogue it is placed in the family Ortalidae, but recently
Hendel, Frey, and others have elevated it to family rank, the group
now containing several other genera. There is a very evident difference
of opinion amongst authors as to the relationships of the group. Hendel
separates it widely from Conopidae while Frey associates it more closely
with that family though indicating no definite relationship with it.
It is my opinion that the families Conopidae and Pyrgotidae are
more closely related than is evident from a survey of existing classi-
fications and that they ought to be more closely associated in our
lists, though to what other families they are both most closely related
it is difficult to decide. The families, so far as we know, are para-
sitic in their larval stages, Conopidae in Hymenoptera, Pyrgotidae in
Coleoptcra and, in addition to this affinity of habit, in both families the
ocelli are frequently absent or vestigial, which is nearly unique in re-
lated forms, and the mid coxae lack the chitinized prong on their
upper outer side. This last character separates the families from
nearly all those in Cyclorrhapha and sets the Pyrgotidae entirely apart
from Ortalidae, all of which have the process very well developed. —
J. R. MALLOCH, U. S. Biological Survey, Washington, D. C.
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON JU.. AND J. A. :>:;. 207-33.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— Bridges & Morgan— Tin
third-chromosome group of mutant characters ol Drosophila melano-
gastcr. (Carnegie Inst. Wash., 1'ul). Xo. 327, :.V>1 pp.) Metz, Moses,
& Mason— Genetic studies mi Drosophila virilis with considerations
on the genetics of other species of Drosophila. (Carnegie Inst.
Wash. Pub. No. 238, <>4 pp.)
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— Provancher— IAS rner-
veilles de la creation dans les clioses les nioius remarques. 67, 1.
9-18. Simon, E. — Note sur la synonymic et la distribution de deux
espcces d'araignecs exotiqucs. 99, l<)2:>, :22\. Valadez, S. M. — En-
sayo de una monografia sobre ixodidos mexicanos vulgo garrapatas.
(Mem. Soc. "Alzate," xli, I(.i7-:.' Hi. ) Webster, R. L. — Scorpions in
North Dakota. 68, Iviii, :.'48. Weiss, S. — Untersuchungen uber die
lunge und die atniung der Spinnen. 89, xxxix, Allg. u 7-oo\. .13. 1 -4 I.
Chamberlin, R. V. — New and little known pseudoscorpions, prin-
cipally from the islands and adjacent shores of the Gulf of California.
On chilopods and diplopods from the islands in the Gulf of Cali-
fornia. A revision of the genus Anisembia, with description of a
n. sp. from the Gulf of California. 61, xii, 341-51; 353-87; 380-407.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Brethes, J.— Un
Dorypteryx nouveau de Bucnos-Ayres. 20, 1H23, 117-1*. Lestage,
J. A. — La persistance cles tracheo-branches larvaires chez les Per-
licles adultes. 34, v, '>3-78. Lucas, W. J. — Labium (second maxillae)
of the Paraneuroptera (Odonata). 35, L922, 57-63. Muir, F.— (See
under Diptera.) Smith, R. C. — The life histories and stages of some
Hemerobiids and allied species. 7, xvi, 12!»-4M. Waterson, J. — On
the Mallophaga of the Shackelton-Rowett expedition. Hi:.' 1 -I'.*:.':.'. 36,
HIM:;. :>SS-(.M). Watson, J. R. — The proper name and distribution of
the Florida flower thrips. 39, vii, 9-11.
Dcdds, G. S. — May Hies from Colorado. Descriptions of certain
species and notes on others. 2, xlix, '.13-114.
ORTHOPTERA. Buddenbrock u. Rohr.— Die atnuing von Dix-
ippus morosus. (Xeit. f. Allgem. 1'liys., xx, lll-iio.) Uvarov, B.
P. — Notes on locusts of economic importance, with some new data
on the periodicity of locust invasion. 22, xiv, :;i-:!'.i.
Hebard, M. — The Dermaptera and Orthoptcra of the Gulf of Cali-
fornia expedition. 61, xi, I! I !»-!().
HEMIPTERA. Barber, G. W.— Notes on a New England ara-
did. 5, xxx, li.'O-r.':.'. Bergoth, E. — On the systematic position of the
genera Dismegistus and Parastrachia. 33, Ixiii, 70-7:.!. Brain, C. K.
—A preliminary report of the intracellular symbionts oi South
286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '23
African Coccidae. (Ann. Univ. Stellenbosch, i, Sec. A, No. 11,
48 pp.) Britton, W. E.— Swarms of aphids. 12, xvi, 395. Funk-
houser, W. D. — Walker's species of Membracidae from U. S. and
Canada. 7, xvi, 97-114. Carman, P. — Notes on the life history of
Clastoptera obtusa and Lepyronia quadrangularis. 7, xvi, 153-64.
Hargitt, C. W. — The digestive system of the periodical cicada. II.
Physiology of the adult insect. 100, xlv, 200-12. Hickernell, L. M.—
The digestive system of the periodical cicada, Tibicen s.eptendecim.
III. Morphology of the system in the nymph. 100, xlv, 213-21.
Mason, A. C. — Is the adult condition of an aphid determined when it
is born? 39, vii, 1-7. Muir, F. — On the classification of the Fulgo-
roidea. 37, v, 205-48.
Fracker, S. B. — A review of the N. Am. Coreini. 7, xvi, 165-75.
LEPIDOPTERA. Adkin, R.— The lepidopterous enemies of Man.
With special reference to species that occur in Britain. 35, l'.)22,
26-47. Ainslie, G. G. — Striped s,od webworm, Crambus mutabilis.
(Jour. Agr. Res., Wash., xxiv, 399-414.) Bang-Haas, O. — Die typen
der gattung Agrotis der collection Staudinger u. Bang-Haas in Dres-
den-Blasewitz. 149, xxxvi 31-9. Barnes & Benjamin. — Notes on the
authorship of certain names (Phalaenidae.) 4, Iv, 198. Butler, A. G.—
Melanism in lepidoptera. 9, 1923, 187-88. Butler & Sevastopulo. —
Variation in lepidoptera. 9, 1923, 215-6. Comstock, J. A. — Studies
in Pacific coast L. Butterflies of California. 139, 69; 75. Gold-
schmidt u. Pariser. — Triploide intersexe bei schmetterlingen. 103,
xliii, 446-52. Grosvenor, T. H. L. — Notes on the genus Zygaena. 35.
1922, 64-72. Huggins, H. C.— Variation in lepidoptera. .9, 1923, 188-
90. Krueger, E. — Kurze ubersicht uber die Morphiden Columbians.
114, xl, 31-2. Lathy, P. I. — Further notes on the Castniinae in the
collection of Madame Gaston Fournier. 11, xii, 223-7. Lindsey, A.
W. — The egg and larva of Hesperia juba. (Dennison Univ. Bull.,
xx, 121-26.) McDunnough, J. — Extended pupal duration. 4, Iv, 198.
Moreau, E. — Un Papilio nouveau de la Guyane francaise. 20, 1923,
144. Pittioni, B. — Noctuidenfang an "naturlichen" koder. 116, xxvii,
21-2. Skinner & Williams — On the male genitalia of the Hesperi-
dae of N. Am. III. 2, xlix, 129-53. Stirling, F. — Southern migration
of butterflies. 39, vii, 8-9. Turati, E. — Cinque anni di ricerche nell
'appennino modenese. (Note di lepidopterologia). (Atti Soc. Ital.
Sc. Nat., Milano, Iviii, 4-74.) Tillyard, R. J.— On the mouth parts, of
the Micropterygoidea. 36, 1923, 181-20(1. Watkins, H. T. G. — Notes
on the butterflies of the Banks collection. 9, 1923, 204-9. Wynne,
A. S. — Melanism in lepidoptera. 9, 1923, 216.
Barnes & Benjamin — Nortuidae of the Gulf of California expedi-
tion. 61, xii, 423-24. Braun, A. F. — Microlepidoptera: notes and
n. sps. 2, xlix, 115-27.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
DIPTERA. Harris, R. G. — Occurrence, life-cycle, and main-
tenance, under artificial conditions of Miastor. 5, xxx, 95- 1 01. Herve-
Bazin, J. — Note synonymiques sur <|uel(|ues Lathyrophthalmus. 99,
1'.):.'.'!, 1?:!--!. Kreisel, C. — Untersuchungen uln-r den einfluss yen
sauerstoff, kohlensanre und neutralsalxeii auf Culicidenlarven und
puppen. 89, xxxix, Allg. u. Zool., 459-534. Mast, S. O. — Photic
orientation in insects with special reference to the drone fly. Kris-
talis tenax and the robber-fly. Erax rnfibarbis. 85, xxxviii, 10<)-2!i5.
Muir, F. — On the homology between the genitalia of some diptera
and those of Merope tuber. 36, 1923, 170-80. Rabaud, E. — Sur le
comportement de Scatophaga stercoraria. 20, 1923, 107-s. Seguy,
E.— Etude sur le Muscina sta!)ulans. 99, 1923, :! 10-17. Simmons, P.
—A house fly plague in the American Expeditionary Force, France.
12, xvi, 357-03. Surcouf, J. — Deuxieme note sur les conditions bio-
logiques du Stomoxys calcitrans. 99, 1923, 108-72. Thompson, W.
R. — Recherches sur la biologic- des dipteres parasites. 78, Ivii. 174-
237.
Curran, C. H. — Undescribed Canadian Dolichopodidae, with key to
Chrysotimus. Change of name. 4, Iv, 190-92: I'.is. Curran, C. H.—
Two undescribed syrphid flies from New England. (Occ. Pap. Bos-
ton Soc. N. H., v, 65-7.) Hine, J. S.— Alaskan species of D. of the
genus Helophilus, with notes on others. Some notes on American
Tabanidae. with the description of a n. sp. from Africa. 82, xxiii,
192-200; 204-0. Malloch, J. R. — Anthomyiidae and Lonchaeidae from
the Gulf of California expedition. 61, xii, 425-28. Melander, A. L. —
The genus Cyrtopogon (Asilidae). 5, xxx, 102-119.
COLEOPTERA. Aurivillius, C.— Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars
74: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae II. 323-704. Carr, F. S. — Additions to
the list of the C. of Northern Alberta. 4, Iv, 190-7. Chittenden,
F. H. — The Australian tomato weevil introduced in the south. (I'.
S. Dept. Agr., Dept. Circ. 2S2.) Davidson, W. M. — Biology of Scym-
nus nubes. 2, xlix, 155-03. Desbordes, H. — Description d'un Sapri-
nus nouveau du Brasil. 20, 1923, 151-2. d'Orchymont, A. — Les
Hydraena Americaines. 33, Ixiii, 33-44. Portevin, M. G. — Revision
des Necrophorini du globe. 99, 1923, (14-71, (cont.) Schmidt, A. —
Das tierreich. Lief. 45. Coleoptera: Aphodiinae. 014 pp. Sloane, T.
G.— The classification of the family Carabidae. 36, 1923, 234-50.
Stichel, W. — Y.ur phylogenesis eines geologisrhe jungen fonnen-
kreises der kaefer, der Ditominen. 45, xviii, 1 15-02 (cont.) Stickney,
F. S. — The head-capsule of colcoptcra. (111. Biol. Mon., viii, No. I.)
Blaisdell, F. E. — The Melyridae of the dull" of C'alifornia expedi-
tion. 61, xii, 109-:.' 1. Nicolay & Weiss. — The group Traches in X.
Am. Pt. II. The genus P.rachys. 6, xxxi, 59-70.
HYMENOPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Descriptions and rec-
ords of bees. XCVIII. 11, xii, 238-47. Forel. A. — Le monde social
288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE 'S [Nov., '23
des fourmis. V. Moeurs spccialisecs. Epilogue: les fourmis, les
termites et I'homme. 173 pp. 1923. • Heikertihger, F. — Zur motoken
myrmekoidie. 45, xviii, 163-78. Hill, C. C. — Platygaster vernalis,
an important parasite of the hessian fly. 59, xxv, 31-42. Howes,
P. G. — Life and habits of the common mud wasp (Sceliphron) .
(Nature Mag., ii, 197-200.) Lichtenstein et Rabaud — Le comporte-
ment des "polysphincta" ichneumonides parasites des araignees.
(Trav. Inst. Zool. Univ. Montpellier, (2), Mem. 38.) Santschi, F. —
Pheidole et quelques autres fourmis neotropiques. 33, Ixiii, 45-69.
Schnelle, H. — Uber den feineren bau des fettkorpers der honigbiene.
52, Ivii, 172-79. Semichon, L. — Sur les differences specifiques dans
les stigmates des larves de Vespa. 20, 1923, 170-1. Stager, R. — Gibt
es insekten, die von ameisen nicht. verzehrt werden? 115, xxxviii,
33-5.
Bradley & Bequaert — A new Dasymutilla from Arizona. 138, No.
82. Fox, C. L. — The Bembicinae from the expedition to the Gulf
of California. 61, xii, 429-3(1. MacGillivray, A. D. — Quarter cen-
tury of species of Tenthredo. 6, xxxi, 107-16. Sandhouse, G. — The
bee genus Dialictus. 4, lv, 193-95. Waterston, J. — Notes on para-
sitic H. 22, xiv, 103-9.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
Bulletin of the Lloyd Library, Cincinnati, Ohio. Entomological
Series. The third bulletin of this series has recently appeared, and
treats of the morphology, anatomy, and embryology of Nemoura
(Plecoptera). The three bulletins contain over 250 pages and many
illustrations. No. 1 was on the Biology of North American caddis-
fly larvae; 2, treated of the biology of some of our North American
species of May flies. Manual of Entomology *by H. Maxwell Lefroy.
Ed. Arnold & Co., London. 541 pp., ill., 1923. A copy of this work-
has just been received. A review of the same was published in the
Entomologist, 1923, p. 190. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne. Bulle-
tin entomologique de la Pologne, Lwow (Lemberg). The first
number of this new publication has been received, thus announcing
another new European entomological society, and adding another
member to the entomological bibliographical community. This num-
ber contains 24 pages, eight articles, pertaining to the palaeartic
entomological fauna, mostly of Poland. Fabre, J. H., The Life of the
Scorpion. Translated from the French series of Souvenirs Ento-
mologiques, and completes the translation into English of this series.
Published by Dodcl, Mead & Co., New York, 1923, 344 pp.
The reader will find this book of exceptional interest. Fabre
here tells of much that is not generally known about the life and
habits of these intolerated animals in his usual entertaining man-
ner. $2.50.
One of the most beautiful red gold Butterflies of the world Chrysophanus
virgaurae £ , only 6 cts. a piece, as long as the stock holds out,
and other small species for decorative purposes 2 to 5 cts.
each, also Exotic Lepidoptera.
Our new list of lots, books, pins, apparatus and requisites gratis.
Our price list No. 58, containing 28,000 species of Lepidoptera, piice$1.00
The greatest and most vo'uminous of all lists
Our price list No. 30, containing 30,000 species of Coleoptera, price $ .50
" VII, " 10,000 other insects $ .50
Transmitted amounts will be refunded from orders for insects.
Please send dollar banknotes or stamps.
Dr. 0. Staudinger & A. Bang-Haas, Dresden -Blasewitz, Germany
BRILLIANT TROPICAL BUTTERFLIES MY SPECIALTY
Many species, both $ and 9 , of Morpho, Ornithoptera, Agrias,
Prepona, i'apilio and other rarities from the Tropics around the world.
Also smaller butterflies such as Catagramma, Perisame, Ancylnris, l allicore,
Thecla, etc., for collections and commercial purposes. Lye. exilis at $4.00
per 100 ; $37.50 per thousand. Send for price list.
HAL, NEWCOMB, 8O4 Elizabeth St., Pasadena, California
Rhopalocera and Heterocera of the North Argentine.
Good species and first-class specimens, write to
RODOLFO SCHRIKTER,
Tucuman, Argentine, calle 24 de Setiembre Io72c.
References by Mr. B. Preston Clark, Boston, Massachusetts, Kilby Street 55.
FOR DISPOSAL.
A most important collection of Coleoptera, especially from Russia in
Europe, Siberia, the Caucasus, Crimea, etc.
Also a most significant collection of Bird Skins, about 6000 examples
of 2300 species, varieties and aberrations, especially from the Palaearctic
and South Sea regions. Inquire of
Prof. Dr. Chr. Schroder, Berlin-Lichterfelde, Germany, Wilhelmplatz 7.
MORPHOS FOR SALE.
Rhetenor $2.10, Menelaus $1.20, Deidamia 75 cts., Achilles, 65 cts.
I have correspondents all over the world. Send me your
list.
MORTIMER HIGGINS, 158 Sargeant St., Hartford, Conn., U. S. A.
PnlJArtftr has for sale the f°Ilowing rare species of authen-
UWCUUI tically taken British Lepidoptera :
( 1 ). Jersey Tiger, Callimorpha hera. \ en
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Supply limited. Particulars. Other species obtainable. Apply
Major W. R. Thompson, c „ Messrs. Cox & Co., 16 Charing Cross, London, England.
NEW ARRIVALS
From Colombia, South America:
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andraemon Erinyis guttalaris
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2000 Coleoptera
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From Assam, India:
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CATALOGUES OF
ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS
ON APPLICATION
If interested kindly send your list
of desiderata for further information to
THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION OF AMERICA
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DECEMBER, 1923
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXIV
No. 10
WILLIAM HARRIS ASHMEAD
1855-1908
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph. D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.
HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE:
EZRA T. CRESSON, J. A. G. REHN,
PHILIP LAURENT, H. W. WENZEL.
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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXXIV.
Plate VI.
DR. CHARLES HENRY TURNER.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA
VOL. XXXIV
DECEMBER, 1923
No. 10
CONTENTS
Rau — Obituary, Dr. Charles Henry
Turner 289
'I illyard — The Lower Permian Insects
of Kansas. Preliminary Announ-
cement 292
Coolidge — The Life History of Phae-
drotes piasus Boisd. ( Lepidoptera:
Lycaenidae) 295
Klots— A New Race of Eurema pro-
terpia (Fab icius) (Lepidoptera-
Pier id ae) 301
Curran— Two Varieties of Eurosta soli-
daginis Fitch ( Trypetidae, Dipt.). 302
Van Duzee — A Rearrangement of our
North American Thyreocorinae
( Hemip. ) 302
Smith — Two New Varieties of Ants
(Hymen.: Formicidae) 306
Rau — Osmia cordata ; A Correction
(Hymen.: Megachilidae) ^ 308
Alexander — Un described Crane- r lies
from Argentina ( Diptera : Tipuli-
dae). Part VII , 309
Editorial — Again, Give !. 314
Brimley — Odonata of North Carolina
(Libellulidae) 314
Crawley — Cuterebra cuniculi in the
Dog (Diptera: Oestridae) 315
Entomological Literature 316
Review of Britton : 22d Report of the
State Entomologist of Connecticut 320
Dr. Charles Henry Turner.
(Portrait, Plate VI.)
Charles Henry Turner, Ph. D., Professor of Biology at
Sumner Teachers College, Saint Louis, died at Chicago, Feb-
ruary 14, 1923.
Dr. Turner was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, on February 3,
1867. From the University of Ohio he received the degrees of
B. S. and M. S. in 1891 and 1892. The University of Chicago,
in 1907, conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Phil-
osophy, magna cum laude.
While Dr. Turner left the imprint of a valuable teacher in
the institutions where he held various teaching positions, the
Chair of Biology, Clark University, Georgia, 1892 to 1905,
Principal of High School, Cleveland, Tennessee, 1905-1906,
Chair of Biology, Haynes Normal School, 1907-1908, Professor
of Biology and Psychology, Sumner Teachers College, 1908
289
290 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
until his death, yet he is best known among scientists for his
researches in the behavior and comparative psychology of in-
vertebrates.
During his lifetime, Dr. Turner published fifty treatises on
neurology, invertebrate ecology and animal behavior. In ad-
dition to these, he wrote, for a number of years reviews of the
literature on comparative psychology in The Psychological Bul-
letin and in The Journal of Animal Behavior. His first work,
on the Mushroom Bodies in the Brain of the Crayfish, was
published in 1892. A few years later, jointly with Herrick,
he published the 500-page treatise on the Entomostraca of
Minnesota. Then, suddenly, his attention was turned from
the microtome, and he produced a most interesting series of
experimental investigations on the behavior of insects. His
researches on the homing, on reactions to light, on death
feigning, on tropisms, have cleared up some of the most per-
plexing problems of comparative psychology, and have thrown
new light upon the subjects of the interrelations of tropisms,
instincts, and what to a certain extent may be called intelligence
in the insect world.
But most interesting of all was his technique of experi-
menting. Dr. Turner spent much thought on his method of
work before he ever went into the field, and there with in-
genious devices, some simple, some intricate, he solved some
of the big problems of insect behavior. The following titles
will convey an idea of the variety and resourcefulness of his
work : "The homing of ants," "Psychological notes on the gal-
lery-spider," "Do ants form practical judgments?", "The hom-
ing of the mud-dauber," "The homing of the burrowing bees,"
"The mound of Pogonomyrme.i- bad-ins and its relation to the
breeding habits of the species," "Experiments on the color
vision of the honey-bee," "An experimental investigation of an
apparent reversal of the responses to light of the roach,"
"Experiments on the pattern vision of the honey-bee," 'Notes
on the behavior of a parasitic bee," "An orphan colony of
Polistcs pallipcs," "Reactions of the mason wasp to light,"
"Sphe.v overcoming obstacles," "Behavior of the common roach
on an open maze," "Auditory powers of the Catocala moths,"
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 291
"An experimental study of the auditory powers of the giant
silkworm moths," "Notes on the behavior of the ant-lion, with
emphasis on the feeding activities and letisimulation," "The
mating of Lasins niger," "Notes on the feeding behavior and
oviposition of a captive false spider," "The locomotion of
surface feeding caterpillars are not tropisms," "A week with
a mining Eumenid." A complete bibliography of the fifty
titles of Dr. Turner's papers is in course of publication by the
Academy of Science of St. Louis.
Among Dr. Turner's notes were three completed papers of a
less technical nature, which will be published by the same
academy. The titles are : "The tropism theory ; a protest,"
"The homing of Hymenoptera," and "The psychology of playing
possum." A masterly work, completed during his last illness,
entitled "The hydrotropism of marine invertebrates," was ac-
cepted for publication, a few clays before his death, by the
Biological Bulletin.
Dr. Turner's works have been very favorably quoted both
here in America and in Europe. Dozens of quotations from his
treatises are to be found in such works as Wheeler's "Ants,"
Washburn's "The Animal Mind," Smith's "Mind in Animals,"
Holmes' "Evolution of "Animal Intelligence," and Bouvier's
"The Psychic Life of Insects." In fact, in the behavior
literature of France, they have named a certain type of orienta-
tion after the discoverer. This is best described in Bouvier's
book, "The Psychic Life of Insects," translated from the
French by Dr. L. O. Howard, where it is "called 'Turner's
circling,' using the name of the learned American who best
studied this phenomenon."
Dr. Turner's interests were not solely scientific. Often his
time and strength were severely taxed by his faithful devotion
to various sociological works among his people. Among his
unfinished papers were found several chapters of a novel, a
number of chapters of a book of nature stories for children,
and the manuscript of a book of thirty-two poems. Not alone
has science lost one of its most thorough students, but also
the colored race has lost one of its most efficient workers for
race betterment, in its various and intricate phases.
292 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
The handicaps under which Dr. Turner's work was accom-
plished were many, and were modestly and bravely met. Only
one of these was the limitations of a small salary, out of which
he was compelled to purchase his own tools and library for re-
search, since he did not enjoy the access to laboratories and
institutions where equipment is supplied.
And when at last one considers the quantity and quality of
his scientific research work, accomplished under handicaps, and
in addition to a full life of other activities and unusual effi-
ciency in the classroom, one can only say — well done !
PHIL RAU.
The Lower Permian Insects of Kansas.
Preliminary Announcement.
By R. J. TILL YARD, Sc. D.
Chief of the Biological Department, Cawthron Institute.
Nelson, New Zealand.
[Studies aided by a grant from the Marsh
Fund of the National Academy of Sciences.]
The Yale University Expedition to the Lower Permian insect
beds in Kansas, originally suggested by me to Professor Charles
Schuchert, organized by him, and carried out by Dr. Carl O.
Dunbar in the summer of 1921, brought back about 2000
specimens of fossil insects, many of them in a remarkably fine
state of preservation. This locality was discovered by Dr.
E. H. Sellards in 1902 and his publications relating to them
are given below.* The Yale Collection has recently been re-
ceived by me in Nelson for description, and the preliminary
study and sorting of the immense mass of material is now
completed. Owing to the remarkable interest of these fine
fossils, a short summary of results is here given, with Professor
Schuchert's permission, in order that entomologists may have
some general idea of the composition of the insect fauna of
that period, and some indication of certain problems in evolu-
* E. H. Sellards, Discovery of Fossil Insects in the Permian of
Kansas. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 16, 1903, pp. 323-324. Types of Permian
Insects. Ibidem, pt. I, vol. 22, 1906, pp. 249-258; pt. II, vol. 23, 1907,
pp. 345-355; pt. Ill, vol. 27, 1909, pp. 151-173.
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 293
tion which the new material goes a long way toward solving.
The actual series of papers in which the fossils are being
described will appear from time to time in the .-lincrican
Journal of Science, published at New Haven, Connecticut.
The beds are probably unique in the very large number of
individuals of certain specie's which occur there. The 2000
odd specimens appear to represent well under 100 actual forms.
By far the most abundant order in actual specimens, and
probably also in species, is the Order Protorthoptera ; but these
are nearly all greatly reduced types, and a closer study may
indicate clear lines of ordinal division amongst them. Of
undoubted Protorthopterous origin are certain types which
closely resemble the recent Perlaria, Embioptera, Raphidiodea
and Sialoidea. There are also some very small wings which
appear to have rather close affinity with the Sternorrhynchous
Homoptera, and at the same time do not stand far from some
of the reduced types of Protorthoptera.
Several fine impressions occur of what appeared at first sight
to be undoubtedly a true Beetle, with the body, elytra and'
hindwings complete. A careful study of this form reveals the
presence of short cerci, while the elytra have a very clear vena-
tion of Orthopteroid type. In order to elucidate the problem
further, I made an enlarged drawing, and then creased it along
the concave veins ; the model so made shuts up like an earwig's
wing, but without the transverse infolding of the apical
portion. There can be little doubt, then, that this beetle-like
form is really one of the ancestors of our modern Dermaptera,
and requires a new ( )rcler for its reception. This Order I
propose to call Protodermaptera.
Cockroaches are, of course, present, but not at all numerous.
The only true Holometabola, which can be recognized un-
doubtedly as such, are a number of very small wings, averaging
5 mm. long, belonging to the Order Mecoptera, and almost
exactly similar, apart from their much smaller size, to the
existing Australian Chori^tidae and the extinct Permochoris-
tidae.
Of very great interest are the Palaeodictyoptera, of which
one fine species is present, exceedingly closely allied to certain
forms found in the L'pper Carboniferous of Kurope. Of one
294 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
of these a description and photographs have been prepared for
insertion in Dr. Dunbar's introductory study of the fossil beds
soon to appear in the American Journal of Science. It is one
of the most perfect fossil insects ever discovered ; practically
the whole body is preserved, with the long cerci showing
clearly their close annulation and rings of hairs ; the wings
spread out horizontally as in the case of a modern Anisopterous
Dragonfly ; the beautiful color-pattern perfect ; and the mac-
rotrichia on some of the veins quite clearly visible.
The Mayflies (Plectoptera) are abundant, and are all char-
acterized by the presence of four almost equal wings, whose
venation is almost exactly on the same plan as that of the
forewing of the Order today, except that there is no definite
tornus (this latter evidently developing in correlation with the
reduction of the hindwing).
Of very great interest are the fine Protodonata, of which
there are three very distinct species, inclusive of Typns pcr-
niianus already discovered and described by Dr. Sellards. This
genus, and an allied but larger form expanding about 15 inches,
are undoubtedly true Meganeuridae ; the other is a much
smaller form allied to Protagrion. The largest specimen is
almost perfect, and allows of the complete working out of the
homologies of the wing-veins of this Order, which shows some
close resemblances both to the Plectoptera and to recent
Odonata.
Perhaps the most wonderful find of all, as regards its value
in elucidating venational and phylogenetic problems, is the
wing of an undoubted Zygopterous dragonfly of very remark-
able structure. It is very slender, with long petiole, complete
nodus and pterostigma, incomplete arculus, and with very
few cross-veins placed very wide apart ; c. g., although the
wing is very long, there are only four postnodals. This wing
solves at once the whole problem of Dragonfly wing-venation,
and shows what a will-of-the-wisp we have all been fol-
lowing over the supposed trachea Rs of Needham. The
whole vein called M by all Odonatologists, inclusive of all
its branches and Needham's Rs, is clearly seen to be the true
radial sector, which is many-branched as in Plectoptera. The
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 295
missing vein M is present in the basilar space, but fuses with
Cu half-way to arculus" and the two fused veins again part
company under the open discoidal cell. This accounts for
the anomaly of the supposed Cu of recent Odonata dividing
into an upper concave (supposed) Ciij and a lower convex
(supposed) Clio. The upper concave vein is really M, and
the lower convex vein is really Cu. In the Protodonata, M re-
mains a simple unfused vein, at any rate in the Meganeuridae. In
the new Zygopteron, there is, of course, no anal vein, but the
cross-vein Ac is present, placed well before the level of the
first antenodal. Coupled with the evidence which I have ob-
tained from a study of the Liassic Odonata, it is now perfectly
clear that the original type of the Odonata was Zygopterous,
with narrowr, petiolate wings, and that the gradual broadening
of the anal area led, on the one hand, to various Calopterygid
types, and on the other to the Anisozygoptera, from which the
true Anisoptera arose in the Jurassic. To Dr. C. H. Kennedy,
of the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, must be given
credit of having first recognized, from his comparative studies
of the penes of the males, the correct order of evolution of
the various families of recent Odonata ; and I wish here to
express the satisfaction it gives me to be able to acknowledge
the great merit of his work, and to close up, once and for all,
the erroneous lines of thought which I, in company with almost
every other student of Odonata, had been following for many
years. In order that no avoidable delay shall take place in the
publication of this most important discovery, I am arranging
for the first part of my work on the Kansas fossils to include
the Palaeodictyoptera, Protodonata and Odonata.
The Life History of Phaedrotes piasus Boisd.
(Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae).
By KARL R. G>OLIIX;I-:, Hollywood, California.
luicdroti's piasus Ildv., better known in literature as sayit-
Felder, is a butterfly of wide range in the West, and in
their recent Check List Drs. Barnes and McDunnough give
it two races, formerly classed as synonyms, these being aitalina
296 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
Reakirt and daunia Edw. The distinctions and limitations of
these are not well known to lepidopterists of the Pacific Coast,
and if some one in a postion to give them will kindly do so,
I am sure such an article will be appreciated.
In Southern California occurs the race catalina Reakirt,
subsequently called rhca by Boisduval, whose types came from
Los Angeles. It is here a single-brooded butterfly, and no
doubt this applies to the species thruout its entire range. In
the immediate vicinity of Los Angeles the butterflies issue
as early as the second week of March, but are not out in full
force until April, the middle of April finding the brood at its
height.
The butterflies are local, and are only rarely encountered at
any distance from their food-plants, species of Lupinus. About
Los Angeles I have found eggs on L. hirsutissiiniis Benth., and
in Ventura County on L. Jmllii Abrams. I had supposed that
Deerweed (Hosackia glabra) was a food plant, having on
several occasions seen females fluttering about it, but larvae
from Lupinus could not be induced to eat it.
The eggs are preferably laid on the young flower buds, but
also frequently on both surfaces of the leaves, and even oc-
casionally on the stems. Hatching, the young larvae at once bore
into the flower buds, making headquarters in the stamen clus-
ters. But after the first moult they feed outside, with their long
necks entering the flower buds and eating out the contents
thoroughly. Ants are constantly in attendance on the larger
larvae. •
As an instance of the great loss of butterfly life while in a
larval stage, a check was made upon a large isolated plant of
Lupinus.
On April 22, 1920, seventy-two eggs were noted on this
plant. On May 7th the plant was carefully and thoroughly
searched with the result that only six larvae were found. Very
probably a spicier (Thomisus asperata) and a little red mite
(Trotnbidiuni sp.), both of which I found commonly on Lu-
pinus, were responsible for the greater part of this destruction.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 297
Following is the record of the larval moults:
Eggs laid April 11, 1920. Passed third moult .May 6.
Hatched April 19. Passed fourth moult May 9.
Passed first moult April 24. Pupated May 14.
Passed second moult April 30.
The li'iii- — Demi-echinoid in shape, the base sharply flattened,
thence swelling out roundly to the greatest diameter, from which
point it rounds more quickly to the truncate summit.
Ornamented with the usual type of net-work, which divides itself
into rather large mostly subquadrate cells, on the sides the smaller
being about .04 mm. in their longest length, and the larger .06 mm.
As the micropylar region is approached and reached the cells become
smaller, but less confused than in most species. The cell walls
.005 mm. in thickness, with the usual rounded protuberances at
the angles, these .04 mm. in height and .02 mm. in thickness. The
surface of the cells minutely punctate.
The micropyle in the center of a slope of the whole summit, in a
deep, even, circular pit with abrupt walls, .06 mm. in diameter and
composed of about twenty equal oval cells, .01 mm. in their longest
length.
Color of egg pale green, with the raised net-work pure white.
But as the embryo develops and just before the young larva hatches,
the green color becomes lost, the ground color becoming a pale
dirty violet but with the net-work remaining white. Height .26 mm.,
Diameter .58 mm. Diameter at base .40 mm.
The young larva escapes by eating out an irregular hole in the
summit, about .35 mm. in diameter, and having once escaped from
the egg, does not devour any more of it.
First Instar. — Body subcylindrical, barely tapering posteriorly, flat-
tened beneath and less so above.
Head .12 mm. in diameter, dark brown. First thoracic segment
pallid, with a number of large black papillae that project sharp
colorless hairs over the head. Spiracles round, .01 mm. in diameter,
with a black ring.
Two series of laterodorsal papillae, one of each to a segment,
the larger .02 mm. in diameter at base, located centrally on the
segments; the smaller .01 mm. in diameter, placed outside and a
little back of the middle. The larger papillae emit long hairs, re-
curved posteriori}^, .18 mm. in length; the hairs from the smaller
papillae much shorter, only .04 mm. in length, and much less re-
curved.
Three series of substigmatal papillae, .01 mm. in height; these
papillae also emit hairs, the first one .08 mm. in length; the second
middle one .12 mm. in length; the posteriors but .04 mm. long. These
298 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
hairs, as well as the laterodorsals, are colorless and very minutely
spiculiferous. A suprastigmatal series of small papillae, two to a
segment, one placed anteriorly, the other slightly above and a little
before the middle; from these come very short clavate hairs, .02 mm.
in length. A laterodorsal row of naked lenticles, two to a segment
on either side; the inner the smaller, .01 mm. in diameter, and the
larger .016 mm.
Color of body pale olive brown, with a conspicuous hoary sheen,
but as the instar develops this sheen becomes lost, and the larva
alters to brownish orange. Legs fuscous. Prolegs concolorous
with body. Length, just at birth, .90 mm. Width at first thoracic
segment .24 mm.
Second Instar. — Head .24 mm. in diameter, dark chestnut brown,
shining; the ocellar field white. Body now very minutely and
uniformly punctulated with fine brown dots.
Color of body very pale lemon yellow, but as the stage proceeds
the larva assumes a ground color of bright purple, with an indistinct
white substigmatal stripe. Blotches of white on the sides represent
the oblique dashes of later stages. Prolegs and ventral surface
green white. Legs brown black. Length 2.20 mm. Width at
first thoracic segment .54 mm.; width at anal segment .46 mm.
Third Instar. — Head .46 mm. in diameter, dark chestnut brown,
shining.
Body densely studded with black stellate tubercles, .02 mm. in
width, but varying slightly in size, and .03 mm. in height on the
average; these project short, stout, minutely spiculiferous, colorless
hairs, .06 mm. in height. Around first thoracic segment a fringe oi
colorless hairs, .28 mm. in length, extending out over the head.
Along the substigmatal fold similar, erect, sharp hairs, .20 mm. in
length. Mediodorsally on each segment, situated a little back of
the middle, and on the whitish bands bordering the dorsal line, two
high, black, stellate papillae, .04 mm. in height, from which issue
erect colorless, sharp hairs, .18 mm. in length. Spiracles round,
pale, .02 mm. in diameter, with a fine black ring.
Color, at beginning of instar, pale yellowish brown, but as the
larva develops a dark purplish ground color is assumed, the colora-
tion being strikingly similar to that of the young buds upon which
the larva feeds. The substigmatal stripe becomes pink white, promi-
nent, .14 mm. in width, extending the whole length of the body. A
dorsal line, of a deeper tone than the ground color, and on either
side of it a disconnected pink-tinged white stripe. On the sides
similar colored dashes represent the usual type of oblique markings,
but are here hardly more than irregular blotchings. In some of the
larvae the substigmatal stripe and the lateral blotchings are
entirely absent, the coloration being then almost uniformly deep
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 299
purple. Ventral surface greenish yellow; prolegs concolorous. Legs
black. Abdominal slit greenish yellow.
Length, just after the moult, 4.8 mm. Width at second thoracic
segment -1.36 mm.; height at second thoracic .95 mm.; width at anal
segment .80 mm.
Fourth Instar. — Head .94 mm. in diameter, black, smooth, shining.
Hairs of first thoracic segment, projecting over the head, of varying
sizes, some as long as .30 mm., others but .12 mm.; these hairs
sharp, colorless, spiculiferous, and having their origin in dark brown
tubercles.
Body, as before, studded with stellate, piceous black tubercles,
which give rise to short, stout, minutely spiculiferous hairs, .08 mm.
in length on the average. Along the subventral rides a fringe of
sharp, colorless, spiculiferous hairs, varying in size, some as long as
.36 mm., others but .16 mm. Anal segment fringed with wavy,
colorless, spiculiferous hairs, sharp, .30 mm. in length, arising from
pale yellow brown tubercles .04 mm. in height. Spiracles round,
pallid, .05 mm. in diameter, with a fine red brown ring. Sac and
tubes present.
Color of body yellow brown. Dorsal line widest on the thoracic
segments, thence narrowing posteriorly until disappearing on the
last several abdominal segments. Dorsal line red brown, edged on
either side with sordid yellow. The usual type of oblique dashes
indicated rather feebly in sordid white stripes. A sordid white
infrastigmatal stripe, fairly prominent, finely edged below with red
brown. Ventral surface and prolegs blue green. Legs pale yellow-
brown, semi-opaque, darker at the tips.
Length 10. mm. Width at second thoracic segment 1.70 mm.;
width at anal segment 1.50 mm.
1'ifth Instar. — Head 1.1 mm. in diameter, black, smooth, shining.
Hairs of first thoracic, extending out over head, .50 mm. in length,
colorless, sharp, spiculiferous. Hairs fringing anal segment of
varying sizes, some as long as .40 mm., others only .20 mm., all
colorless, sharp, spiculiferous.
Body, as before, thickly studded with minute stellate processes,
.04 mm. in diameter, the prongs sharp and widely separated. On
the white backgrounds these are mostly glistening white; elsewhere
mostly black, only a few red brown. The shorter spines .08 mm. in
length, colorless, proceeding to a sharp point, minutely spiculiferous;
the larger .40 mm. in length and .02 mm. in diameter at base, also
colorless and minutely but densely spiculiferous. The sac green
blue. Spiracles round oval, pale, .12 mm. in diameter, with a fine
brownish ring.
Color of body yellow brown. A dorsal line, gray brown, heaviest
and widest on thoracic segements, decreasing as it proceeds poste-
300 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
riorly and terminating sharply before the last two abdominal segments
are reached. The usual type of oblique lateral dashes, the medio-
dorsal ones sordid white; the lower reddish brown. A sordid white
infrastigmatal stripe, finely edged below with red brown, and the
region just above it and between it and the oblique lateral dashes
pale gray green. In another phase the ground color is bluish green,
the dorsal stripe dark green but inconspicuous; the oblique lateral
dashes only weakly indicated by grayish green, the sides with a
pinkish tinge, and the infrastigmatal stripe is lacking. Ventral
surface and prolegs bluish green. Legs pale yellow brown, semi-
opaque, darker at tips.
Length 14.5 mm. Width at first thoracic segment 4. mm.; width
at anal segment 3. mm.
The Pupa. — Viewed dorsally, sides of thorax fairly straight to
abdominal segment 2, where a sudden swelling out takes place and
then rounds, at first evenly, and then on the last two abdominals
swiftly, to the rounded posterior end. Anterior end truncated.
Viewed laterally, the abdomen at segment 3 is seen to be con-
siderably higher than the thorax, rather broadly arched and falling
off rapidly posteriorly. The thorax is quite well rounded also,
sloping sharply from its highest point to the part \vhere the girdle
passes.
Surface of body covered with an irregular tracery of scarcely
raised pale brown lines, about .03 mm. in width; between these
lines the surface is minutely punctate. Spiracles elongate ovate,
.10 mm. in length, with a rich brown ring. A few, short, yellowish
spines, the longest .05 mm. in length, terminating in a bunch of
bristles; these seem to be only on the prothorax. Elsewhere, a
few scattered simple hairs, stout, clavate, sometimes slightly curving,
and but .08 mm. long.
Color of wing cases varying from bright bluish green to greenish
yellow, but usually with the green predominating. This bluish
green also sometimes covering the thorax, but usually the thorax is
pale yellowish brown. Abdomen also pale yellowish brown, reddish
brown ventrally, tho sometimes more or less tinged with bluish
green. A fairly prominent, yellow, fuscous, dorsal line. On either
side of dorsal line on the abdomen the usual series of fuscous
blotchings, more or less obscure, and not sharply defined in any of
the pupae examined. In one instance these blotchings were con-
tinued on the thorax. Tegment ^of wing cases translucent.
Length 9.5 mm. in one example, while three others gave 9. mm.
Highest point of thorax 3. mm. Highest point of abdomen, at
segment 3, 4. mm. Greatest width of thorax 3. mm. Greatest
width of abdomen, at segment 3, 4. mm. Width of head case 2. mm.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 301
A New Race of Eurema proterpia1 (Fabricius)
(Lepid. : Pieridae).
By ALEX. B. KLOTS. Xe\v York, X. V.
•
Eurema proterpia watsonia, new subspecies.
A very distinct race, differing from proterpia (Fabricius) in the
following particulars.
$ . — Upperside — ground color slightly deeper orange. Outer margins
of both primaries and secondaries with the smoky border darker and
about double the width of proterpia. This is especially noticeable in
the secondaries, where in prolerpia the border is often practically
missing. Veins of both wings heavily scaled with black through-
out their entire length, except the veins closing the cells, and vein
5 of the primaries which is black for not quite half way to the cell
from the outer margin. In proterpia the veins are black scaled for only
about one-quarter to one-third of their distal portion. The black-
patch at apex of secondaries is more strongly developed, and there
is also more of the dusting of black scales at the bases of both wings
than in proterpia. Abdominal area and the area between veins 1 and
2 of the secondaries lightly dusted with black scales. In proterpia
these areas are nearly clear of this black scaling.
Underside : primaries pale orange with a distinct yellow border along
costal and outer margins which is barely indicated in proterpia. Sec-
ondaries yellow while in proterpia they are orange-yellow. There is at
once noticeable a strong contrast between the colors of the primaries
and secondaries. There is much less contrast in proterpia, some indi-
viduals, in fact, having the wings practically concolorous.
9 . of this race unknown.
Expanse of holotype — 47.6 mm. (measurements taken from center of
thorax to apex of each primary and results added).
Holotype male and twenty-one male paratypes, Rio Bamha,
Ecuador, South America, deposited as follows: Holotype and
one paratype in The American Museum of Natural History.
One paratype in the collection of The Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia. Nineteen paratypes in the author's
collection.
I take great pleasure in naming this race for Mr. Frank K.
Watson, in grateful recognition of the kind encouragement and
assistance he has given me in the entomological field.
1 1'apilio prolerpia Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Ent. p. 478, No. 152.
302 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
Two Varieties of Eurosta solidaginis Fitch
(Trypetidae, Dipt.).*
By C. HOWARD CURRAN, Ottawa, Ontario.
Eurosta solidaginis variety fascipennis new.
This variety is like the typical form but is readily distinguished by
the presence of a complete, oblique, sub-apical hyaline band on the wing,
a narrow, longer spot at the apex of the third longitudinal vein along
the border and a smaller spot at the apex of the fourth vein.
Holotypc — $, Ottawa, Ont., June, 1908 (Jas. Fletcher);
No. 609, in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
Eurosta solidaginis variety subfasciatus new.
Intermediate between the typical and preceding forms in the presence
of an interrupted, oblique fascia, as the triangle at the apex of the
first vein is extended into the first posterior cell by means of a moder-
ately large, clear oval spot. The apex of the wing is brown, with a
transverse hyaline spot between the third and fourth veins and some-
times a small spot before the third vein. The outer clear spot on the
hind margin also extends farther forward than in the typical form,
and is usually narrower. The color of the wings is a duller brown.
Holotypc—$, Vernon, B. C., March 13, 1919 (E. R.
Buckell) ; No. 610, in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
Allotypc — 9 , same data. Para types — 3 5,2?, British Colum-
bia. Reared from solidago galls.
A Rearrangement of our North American
Thyreocorinae (Hemip.).
By E. P. Van DUZEE, San Francisco, California. f
Since the publication of my catalogue in 1917 two important
papers treating of the Thyreocorinae have appeared. One by
Dr. Horvath1 in Annalcs Musci National-is Hwngarici, XVII,
pp. 205-273, and one by Mr. J. R. Malloch- in Bulletin Illinois
* Contribution from the Division of Systematic Entomology, Ento-
mological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa.
t Contributions from the California Academy of Sciences, No. 2_'U.
1 Horvath, Dr. Geza, Analecta ad cognitionem Cydnidarum.
2 Malloch, J. R., The Pentatomoidea of Illinois with keys to the
Nearctic Genera. By Charles Arthur Hart. Edited by Mr. J. R. Mal-
loch ; the portion treating of the Thyreocorinae entirely by the editor.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 303
Natural History Survey, XIII, pp. 206-216. Both appeared
in 1919, but which has priority I have no means at present of
knowing. However, it makes little difference which appeared
first as, so far as 1 can discover, they do not necessarily conflict.
Dr. Horvath's paper has the wider scope, covering the South
American forms, but is not complete as to species and has
the defect that he has misunderstood the genus Coritnclaena
White, and uses the name Eucoria Muls. & Rev in its place,
the latter, apparently being a straight synonym of Corimchicna,
His table of genera is invaluable and enables us to place our
numerous neotropical species in systematic order. Mr. Mai-
loch's paper deals only with North American forms and covers
that ground well, the only serious omissions being the genus
Euryscytus Horvath, the type species of which (yn-tt'njcr Stal)
comes up into southern Texas, and the genus Amyssonoium
Horvath with a similar distribution. Malloch's new genus
Cydnoidcs (ciliatus Uhler type) is very near Acrotmctns Hor-
vath, but is, perhaps, sufficiently distinct in having the elytra
more strongly punctured with an incomplete venation ; the
marginal cilia hardly form a satisfactory generic character as
they are very small in one species and are present in the type
of Acrotmctns. Mr. Malloch's determination of Odontoscdis
puHcarius Germar is undoubtedly correct and should be ac-
cepted -as final, but unfortunately he takes no notice of the
names marginclla Dallas, flavomarginata Thomas and Eucoria
uiarginipcnnis Muls. & Rey, the latter of which Horvath now
believes is an American form accidentally introduced into
France. The former (uiarginclla Dallas) is undoubtedly the
same as nanclla McAtee and flavomarginata apparently is an-
other synonym.
Corimchicna harti Mall. I have taken at Washington, D. C.,
and Atlanta, Georgia ; marginclla ( nanclla McAtee) is abundant
in Florida and was recorded by me as pulicaria in my report
on Florida 1 Inniptera, and 1 have also taken it at FJlinghain,
Kansas; fynlicaria Germ. I have taken at Northbend, Washing-
ton, showing a distribution entirely across the northern part of
the continent ; cognatus Van D. is distributed from Jamaica to
Lower California and undoubtedly occurs in California and
304 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
Arizona. In Malloch's table it runs to c. \~tcnsa, but may be
distinguished by the narrower head, shorter scutellum, pale
tibiae, etc. I have recently taken three males of Cydnoidcs
obtusa Uhler from sand under a plant of Euphorbia pol\carpa
at Potholes, California, twelve miles north of Yuma. The two
female types of this species recorded by Uhler are not now in
the collection of the California Academy of Sciences ; either
they were not returned to the Academy as stated by Uhler or,
through an oversight, they were not placed with the Academy's
type collection and therefore were destroyed in the fire of 1906.
However, the species is well described, very distinct and is not
in doubt. The following two species should be added to our
fauna :
Cydnoides arizonensis new soecies.
Larger than ciliatus with the broad truncate form of rciwrnuitits ;
head short, strongly sinuate either side ; deep black, elytra immaculate.
Length 5 mm., width 3.5 mm.
Head one-third wider than long, apex subangulate, sides deeply sinuate
before the eyes ; tylus well distinguished, parallel ; surface flat, deeply,
closely punctate, its base smooth. Pronotum large, convex, half as long
as wide, but little narrowed anteriorly, sides strongly arcuate, very
convex, edge marginate, humeri prominently tuberculate ; surface deeply,
closely punctate laterally, becoming nearly smooth on disk. Scutellum
about as long as broad, regularly punctate, the punctures becoming sub-
obsolete on basal disk. Elytra very broad, one-third as wide as long,
strongly punctate, apex truncate, median field of corium punctured to
its apex which becomes lost in the costal field a little before the apex ;
outer carina of corium complete, intermediate short. Sides of propleura
deeply impressed beneath the very broadly overhanging margin. Second
antennal segment scarcely longer than wide. Hind margin of basal
genital plate of female rectilinear. Anterior femora with four antero-
ventral bristles; spines on all tibiae long and stout. Sides of body with
few and very short bristles. Color deep black, polished, with a slight
bluish sheen in certain lights. Antennae and rostrum fusco-testaceous,
tarsi still paler.
Described from one female taken by Mr. J. R. Slevin on
Mt. Lemon, Arizona, June 17, 1912, at an elevation of 9150
feet. This species approaches genus Jcrotincttts Horv. but
the elytral characters seem to place it in Cydnoides in spite of
the short cilia. Type, No. 1305, female, in Museum California
Academy of Sciences.
xxxiv, '23]
ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS
305
Euryscytus diminutus new species.
Size and form of Cydnoidcs obtusa Uhler hut with a short head, the
median field of corium not perceptibly narrower apically and in all re-
spects congeneric with Euryscytus (jittlii/cr ( Stal) ; deep black, polished,
immaculate except for the pale antennae, rostrum and tarsi. Length
3.5 mm. ; width 2.4 mm.
Head one-half broader than long, broadly rounded before, the apex
subtruncatc ; sides arcuate, not at all sinuate, edge feebly rellexed, sur-
face nearly vertical, flat, closely punctate, basal margin smooth, raised
above the plane of the pronotum. Pronotum prominently convex,
strongly punctate, but little narrowed anteriorly ; sides sharply arcuate,
marginate ; humeri prominent, tumid. Scutellum as long as broad,
uniformly but less strongly punctate, broadly rounded behind. Elytra
broad, shallowly punctate; apex strongly truncate; median field of
corium parallel or nearly so on apical two-thirds. Basal three seg-
ments of antennae flavo-testaccous (others wanting). Rostrum at-
taining apex of intermediate coxae, piceo-testaceous. Legs piceous,
tarsi flavo-testaceous. Tibial spurs about as in guttiycr Stal, less stout
than in Cydnoidcs. Male genital segment deeply excavated, its apical
margin feebly arcuate, scarcely elevated.
Described from one male taken by Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, Jr.,
at Pasadena, California, July 30, 1909. Type in collection of
the author. An intensely black little species with quite uniform
punctuation. The tumid base of the head may be the result of
an accidental depression of the front of the head but that is not
likely.
Below I give a re-arrangement of our species with their new
generic assignments.
Genus CORIMELAENA White (type
latcralis Fabr. )
(Eucoria Muls. & Rey)
(inthracina LIhler
polita Malloch
latcralis (Fabr.)
uiontiina (Van Duzee)
rid (Germar)
?imir on M, + ,; cell ist .U, long,
310 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
approximately as long as Mj+a beyond it; basal deflection of Cu1 just
before the fork of M, longer than Cu2.
Abdomen dark brown, the sternites a little paler; male hypopygium
light yellow.
Holotyes : $ , La Granja, Alta Gracia, Cordoba, April 1-8,
1920 (C. Bruch). Allot o polype: 9. Paratopotypcs: 5 <£ 9 .
Geranomyia (Geranomyia) platensis sp. n.
Rostrum short; head grayish yellow with two longitudinal dark brown
lines that converge behind ; mesonotal praescutum buffy with three
narrow, dark brown lines ; femora pale brown with a narrow, dark
brown, subterminal ring preceded by a yellowish band ; wings grayish
subhyaline, the costal region more yellowish ; a rather sparse brown
pattern, including four costal areas ; Sc ending a short distance beyond
the origin of Rs ; basal deflection of Cut at or near the fork of M.
$. Length (excluding rostrum) 5.5-5.8 mm.; wing 6.9 mm.; rostrum
1.8-2 mm.
9. Length (excluding rostrum) 6.3 mm.; wing 7 mm.; rostrum 2 mm.
Rostrum comparatively short, dark brown. Antennae comparatively
short, brown ; basal flagellar segments globular, the intermediate segments
short-oval, passing into oval near the tip of the organ. Head grayish
yellow, the postgenae and sides of the vertex clearer gray; two con-
spicuous dark brown lines extend from the inner posterior angle of
eyes, converging behind to the occiput.
Mesonotal praescutum light buffy with three narrow dark brown
stripes that are rather approximated, the spaces slightly pruinose ;
median stripe not attaining suture ; lateral stripes beginning at pseudo-
sntural. foveae ; lateral margins of sclerite broadly dark brown ; scutum
with median area broadly whitish, the lobes gray, each almost encircled
by a brownish black margin ; scutellum and postnotum brownish tes-
taceous. Pleura yellowish testaceous. Halteres rather short, brown,
the base of the stem paler.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters obscure yellow ; femora pale
brown, brighter basally ; a broad, dark brown, subterminal ring, preceded
and followed by a yellowish ring, the apical ring very narrow and
indistinct; tibiae and tarsi brown.
Wings grayish subhyaline, the costal and subcostal cells yellowish,
the latter more intense ; stigma brown, extended basad along R^ ; con-
spicuous but relatively small brown clouds above arculus ; at origin of
Rs; at supernumerary crossvein in cell Sc ; narrower and less distinct
seams along cord and outer end of cell ist M, ; a small cloud at tip of
•^a+a! veins dark brown, Sc and R largely yellow. Venation: Sc
moderately long, extending a little beyond the origin of Rs, Sc2 at the
tip of 5Vi ; a supernumerary crossvein in cell Sc near midlength of
cell ; Rs long, almost straight, nearly three times the length of the basal
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 311
deflection of /^4+5; r indistinct, about one and one-half times its length
from the tip of Rt ; cell ist M., pentagonal, a little widened distally ;
basal deflection of Cu^ at or slightly before the fork of M \ Cua a little
shorter than to about equal to the deflection of Ciii.
Abdomen brown, the posterior margins of the segments darker, the
basal tergite blackish ; sternites pale brown.
Hohtypc: $, La Plata, April 1920 (Durione). Allotopo-
type : 9 . Paratopotypcs : 2 9 $ .
Geranomyia platcnsis belongs to the group of G. insit/nis
( Loew ) .
Geranomyia (Geranomyia) aequabilis sp. n.
$ . Length (excluding rostrum) 5 mm. ; wing 6.4-6.5 mm. ; rostrum
3.1-3.3 mm.
9. Length (excluding rostrum) 5.2-5.4 mm.; wing 6-6.2 mm.; rostrum
3-3.5 mm.
Closely related to G. phtlaisis sp. n., from which it differs as follows :
Size smaller but the rostrum very much longer. Antennae dark
brown, the flagellar segments cylindrical. Mesonotum light gray, the
praescutum with three, narrow, brownish black stripes, these subequal
and about as wide as the interspaces ; postnotum dark-colored, sparsely
gray pruinose. Pleura and sternum light gray. Legs with the brown
femoral band paler, narrower and more removed from the tip of the
segment ; yellow subterminal ring indistinct. \Yings similar but the
dark brown pattern much more extensive, the markings large and con-
spicuous ; gray clouds at ends of anal veins. Venation : Rs slightly more
arcuated at origin ; veins beyond cell ist M., longer, M3 beyond the cell
being about equal to it in length; basal deflection of Cut slightly before
the fork of M ; Cu., conspicuously longer than the basal deflection of
Cut. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites a little paler.
Holot\pc: $, La Granja, Alta Gracia, Cordoba, April 1-8,
1920 (C. Bruch). Allotopotypc : 9 . rtirutdpotypcs : 1 & . 1 9 .
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) immaculata fuscivena subsp. n.
$ . Length 2.8 mm. ; wing 3-3.3 mm.
9. Length 3.1-3.3 mm.; wing 3.4-3.5 mm.
Very similar to typical iinnnicnlata Alexander ( Middle America) but
with the wing-veins conspicuously bordered with fuscous; region of
stigma conspicuously suffused with pale fuscous, the basal third of the
wing likewise strongly tinged with this color; the nearly hyaline areas
include the cells in the vicinity of the cord, the outer end of cell ist ./
and most of cells from A'., to (.'it with the exception of the seams along
the veins.
Holotype : $ , La Granja, Alta Gracia, Cordoba, April 1-8,
1920 (C. Bruch). Allotopotypc: 9. l\n\itopotypcs : 5 $$.
312 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
Eriocera andicola sp. n.
Antennae short ; head brownish black, the conspicuously bifid vertical
tubercle fiery orange ; mesonotal praescutum brownish gray with three,
broad, dark brown stripes; scutellum and postnotum light gray; pleura
gray; wings faintly infuscated, the costal region darker brown; cell M^
lacking ; abdomen long, black, segments three to five more or less
reddish.
$. Length 15.5 mm.; wing 10 mm.; abdomen alone 11.7 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae short, black, the
basal segment sparsely dusted with a grayish yellow pollen ; base of
first flagellar segment a little paler. Head with the vertical tubercle
conspicuously fiery orange; front and occiput dark brown, the posterior
part of the vertex dusted with greenish yellow ; vertical tubercle very
large and high, deeply bifid.
Pronotum dark-colored, dusted with light gray, the lateral angles of
the scutum with a brush of hairs. Mesonotal praescutum with three,
broad, brown stripes, the interspaces with a grayish yellow pollen, less
distinct behind ; scutum light gray medially, the lobes dark brown ;
scutellum and postnotum light gray. Pleura dark, heavily dusted with
light gray. Halteres short, brown, the knobs dark brown.
Legs with the coxae dark, dusted with light gray ; trochanters dark
brown ; femora dark brown, the bases obscure yellow, narrowest on the
fore legs, broadest on the hind legs ; tibiae obscure yellowish brown,
passing into dark brown at the tips, the yellowish color brightest on the
posterior tibiae ; tarsi short, brownish black.
Wings rather small for the size of the body, with a faint brown tinge,
cells C and Sc darker brown ; stigma rather ill-defined, brown ; ill-
defined brown seams at origin of Rs, along the cord and outer end
of cell 1st M., ; veins dark brown. Venation : Sc1 at least twice Sc2 ;
cell M! lacking; basal deflection of Cu^ just beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen elongate. Tergites black, the bases of segments three to five
obscure reddish yellow ; ninth segment dark reddish brown ; sternites
similar but all of segments three to five and eight and nine obscure
reddish.
Holotype: $ , Ciudad, Jujuy, March 19, 1920 (V. Weiser).
Tipula barretoi sp. n.
Generally similar to T. bruchi but smaller; antennal flagellum uni-
formly brownish black; wings more uniformly brownish, the brown
and subhyaline areas less contrasted ; abdomen reddish, the tei gites with
three dark brown stripes, male hypopygium with the eighth sternite
having an elongate median lobe.
$. Length 12-13 mm.; wing 13.5-14.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head pale brown, with a narrow, darker
brown, lateral line ; palpi dark brown. Antennae with the scape and
XXXIV, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 313
first flagellar segment conspicuously yellow ; remainder of flagellum
brownish black. Head light brownish yellow adjoining the inner margins
of the eyes; occiput and posterior part of vertex light gray pruinose ;
center of vertex largely dark brown.
Mesonotal praescutum light brownish yellow with three conspicuous,
dark brown stripes ; median stripe with a paler central line, most
distinct anteriorly, and a capillary brownish black vitta; lateral strip; s
narrow, crossing the suture onto the scutal lobes ; remainder of
mesonotum light gray with a capillary dark brown line. Pleura light
gray pruinose ; dorso-pleural membrane light yellow. Halteres light
brown, the knobs dark brown.
Legs long and slender, the coxae light gray, trochanters dull yellow ;
femora brownish yellow, the tips broadly blackened, immediately before
these tips with a brighter, subterminal, yellow ring ; tibiae light brown,
soon passing into brownish black; tarsi brownish black.
Wings with a somewhat uniform brownish tinge, cells C and Sc more
yellowish, the latter inclined to brownish yellow; cell Sc with a brown
mark at tip ; another at origin of Rs and a third before midlength of
the cell ; these marks are smaller than the yellow interspaces ; stigma
pale brown ; whitish areas distributed as follows : An obliterative area
before the cord, including the base of cell 1st R1} the end of R, crossing
cell ist M, into the bases of cells J\I4 and Cu^ ; an obliterative area
beyond the cord includes the bases of cells R.,, R3 and R^; paler marks
in cells M, ist A and 2nd A ; veins dark brown. Venation : Tip of
vein R! pale and without macrotrichiae, cell 2nd R^ being longer than
wide; petiole of cell fl/i longer than ;;;.
Abdominal tergites reddish with three conspicuous dark brown stripes ;
lateral margins of the segments narrowly grayish; sternites gray, with
a broad, conspicuous, velvety-brown, median stripe. Male hypopygium
with the ninth tergite yellow, large and flattened; the conspicuous lateral
lobes are obliquely truncated and sparsely provided with small irregular
teeth; the median area is depressed and produced caudad as a triangular,
shiny, median lobe. Eighth sternite with a single, conspicuous, median
lobe that is elongate-oval, pale, margined with long pale setae.
Holotype : $ , Monte Veloz, Buenos Aires, March 1920 (B.
I'.arreto). Allot opot \pc : 9. Paratopotypes : 4 S $.
Tipnla barret oi is named in honor of the collector. The
species bears a certain resemblance to T. bntchi Alexander
(Argentina) but is readily told by the diagnostic character^
listed above.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., DECEMBER, 1923.
AGAIN, GIVE!
The letter which the Joint Publication Committee of the
Union of Biological Societies has sent out to the members of
the constituent societies, proposing the publication of an ab-
stracts journal for the biological sciences, recalls the editorial
in the NEWS for July last on The Zoological Record. Thus far
the responses received by the Library Committee of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia to its appeal
urging institutions interested in zoology to offer to the Zoologi-
cal Society of London guarantees toward the expenses of the
Zoological Record for the year ending July 1, 1924, have not
been very encouraging. Even if the new abstracts journal
becomes a reality, some time will elapse before it can begin its
functions and it is indispensable that the Record be maintained,
at least until the abstracts journal comes into being. \Ye,
therefore, renew our appeal for the support of the Record.
Whatever the zoological bibliography is to be — Zoological
Record, Concilium Bibliographicum, a new abstracts journal
or what not, a larger degree of co-operation than has existed
in the past is a sine qua non. Institutions and individuals
throughout the world must combine to furnish the necessary
funds, it may be at a sacrifice. An institution must subscribe
to several copies of the bibliography or the individuals working
in it must each subscribe thereto. It will not do to look to any
one organzation now existing, not even a Carnegie corporation,
to finance such a tremendous and absolutely essential task as'
the production of the bibliography of zoology. Again we say :
Give !
Odonata of North Carolina (Libellulidae).
On June 28, 1923, I took Cclithcmis orncita and C. aiiuinda, one of
each within a few yards of one another at Havclock, N. C., near
Lake Ellis. On June 30, I saw an Epicordnlia flying high overhead
at Wilmington, N. C., and watched it for several minutes, but it never
came within fifteen feet of the ground; on the afternoon of the same
day I took a Cclitlicmis eponina at Wilmington. These last two are
new to the North Carolina list. C. S. BRIMLEY, Raleigh, N. C.
314
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 315
Cuterebra cuniculi in the Dog (Diptera : Oestridae).*
On October 14, 1922, the Laboratory of the Pennsylvania Bureau of
Animal Industry at Philadelphia received for diagnosis a fly larva
taken from the skin of a dog, by Dr. J. \Y. Yansant, a practicing
veterinarian at Fox Chase, Philadelphia. According to the history
received the animal was a small male Pomeranian. It had been in
Florida during the previous winter and up to April, 1922. The larva
was removed from the soft skin by the sheath. There was apparently no
evidence that it was doing the dog any harm. It was further stated
that so far as was known, the animal had never been in contact with
rabbits.
The specimen was sent to Prof. J. M. Aldrich, Associate Curator
at the National Museum, and identified by him as Cuterebra cuniculi.
According to Dr. Albert Hassall, of the Zoological Division of the
Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington, but one record of the finding
of Cuterebra larvae in dogs has been published. This was a case re-
ported by Cecil French, in the Journal of Comparative Medicine and
Veterinary Archives, Vol. 14, 1893, p. 379. This occurred at Montreal,
Canada, and the larva was stated to be that of Cuterebra cmasculator.
It was found in the scrotum and according to the author, "The dog was
apparently indifferent to the fact that the parasite was slowly emasculat-
ing him.''
The genus Cuterebra is closely related to Hypoderma, the bot-fly of
cattle. Its natural hosts are rodents and marsupials, and it occurs only
sporadically in carnivors, but there are a number of records of Cuterebra
from cats. With regard to the mode whereby they reach their positions
beneath the skin, Prof. Aldrich, in the letter which I received from him,
refers to a paper published by Parker and Wells, in the Journal of
Parasitology, Vol. V, 1919, p. 100. These authors introduced newly
hatched Cuterebra larvae into the mouth of a prairie dog, and found that
several days later the maggot had passed through the tissues and gained
the skin, where it was producing the characteristic lump. Prof. Aldrich
then adds :
"It would seem from this that the species of Cuterebra ordinarily
obtains entrance to the host through the mouth ; and from this I conclude
that dogs and cats, when they have these parasites, get them from
swallowing the flesh of some rodent containing an early stage of the
maggot, which then proceeds to make a host of the carnivorous animal
instead of the rodent."
It is known that Cuterebra larvae are of slow growth, requiring sev-
eral months to mature. The larva in question was not far from the
pupal stain1 , and in consequence the dog may readily have been infected
while in Florida.
The specimen is preserved in the collection of the National Museum.
under the designation of Accession No. 69929. — HOWARD CRAWI.F.Y.
(^Contributions from the Bureau oi" Animal Industry of the Pennsyl-
vania Department of Agriculture. New Scries \o. 16.)
316 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects,
however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.
The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north
of Mexico are grouped at the end of their respective Orders.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
4 — Canadian Entomologist, Guelph, Canada. 5 — Psyche, Cam-
bridge, Mass. 6 — Journal of the New York Entomological Society.
7 — Annals of The Entomological Society of America, Columbus,
Ohio. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 11 — Annals and Magazine of
Natural History, London. 12 — Journal of Economic Entomology,
Concord, N. H. 15 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington,
D. C. 19 — Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 40—
Genera Insectorum, Diriges par P. Wytsman. 45 — Zeitschrift fur
wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, Berlin. 68 — Science, Garrison on
the Hudson, N. Y. 70— Journal of Morphology, Philadelphia. 104—
Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 114 — Ento-
mologische Rundschau, Stuttgart. 133 — Zoologica. Scientific Con-
tributions of the New York Zoological Society. 138 — American
Museum Novitates, New York. 141 — Internationale Entomolo-
gische Zeitschrift, Guben, Germany. 150 — Jenaische Zeitschrift fur
naturwissenschaft, Jena.
GENERAL. Aurivillius, C. — Zu Chr. Aurivillius siebzigstem ge-
burtstage. 114, xl, 1-2. Hadwen, S. — Insects affecting live stock.
(Canada Dept. Agr. Bui. 20.) Hopkins, A. D. — A biographical
sketch. 12, xvi, 413-20. Martini, E, — Lehrbuch der medizinischen
entomologie. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1923, 462 pp., ill. Muttkowski,
R. A. — Studies on the blood of insects. 19, xviii, 127-36. Pierce,
W. D. — The laws of nature as affecting insect abundance. (Lectures
in Appl. Ent., Ser. 1, Pt. 2, No. 0, App., 33-52.) Smith, R. H.—
Technique in studying by dissection the internal anatomy of small
insects. 7, xvi, 277-8. Snyder et al. — The progress of forest ento-
mology in the United States. 12, xvi, 413-20. Strand, E.— Bilk
um einsendung von autobiographien. 114, xl, 39. de la Torre
Bueno, J. R. — On synopses and keys. 19, xviii, 145-6. Washburn,
F. L. — Notes on collecting insects in the Marquesas islands. 7, xvi,
274-77. Weiss, H. B. — More notes on fungous insects. 4, Iv, 199-
201.
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 317
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. King, R. L.— Heteromor-
phic homologous chromosomes in three species of Pseudotrimero-
tropis. (Ortho: Acrididae.) 70. xxxviii, !!)-('. 1.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Carman, P.— The occur-
rence of several ne\v spider mites in Connecticut. Notes on the life
history of the spruce mite. (Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 247, 338-1:.'.)
Locket, G. H. — Mating-habits of Lycosidac. 11, xii, 493-502. Savin,
W. M.— Friend spider. (Nature Mag., 1!):.-:;, 281-88.)
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Outright, C. R.-
Li fe history of Micromus posticus. 12, xvi, ! ls-56. John, O. — On a
case of probable regeneration of a leg in a thysanopteron. 11, xii,
532-34.
Cockerell, T. D. A. —A new genus of mayflies from the miocene
of Florissant, Colorado. 5, xxx, 170-2.
ORTHOPTERA. Tietz, H. M.— The anatomy of the digestive
system of the Carolina locust. 7, xvi, 256-73. Vignon, P. — Que
faut-il penser du mimetisme? (Rev. Scicutifique, Paris, Ixi, 515-20.)
HEMIPTERA. Barber, G. W.— A note on a recently introduced
leafhopper. 5, xxx, 155-7. Bergevin, E. — A propos de quelques nouv-
eaux hemipteres piqueurs. (Bui. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique du Nord,
1923, 226-28.) Fenton & Hartzeld.— Bionomics and control of the po-
tato leafhopper, Empoasca mali. (Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bui. X<>.
78.) Drake, C. J. — Heteroptera in the vicinity of Cranberry Lake.
Contribution toward the life history of Galeatus peckhami. The life
history of the birch tingitid, Corythucha pallipes. (Tech. Bui. No.
1C, N. Y. Coll. Forestry, 54-86; 105-110; 111-16.) Middleton, W.—
A note on the honey dew production of the aphid, Longistigma
caryae. 12, xvi, 446-8. Mundinger, F. G. — The life history of two
species of Nabidae. (Tech. Bui. No. 16, N. Y. Coll. Forestry, 1 19-
67.) Osborn, H. — Homoptera in the vicinity of Cranberry Lake.
Life history notes on Cranberry Lake Homoptera. (Tech. Bui. N.
Y. Coll. Forestry, No. 16, 24-54; 87-104.) Osborn, & Drake.— An
ecological study of the Hemiptcra of the Cranberry Lake region. New
York. (Tech. Bui. N. Y. Col. Forestry, No. 16, 5-21.) de la Torre
Bueno, J. R. — Taxonomic characters in Microvellia. 19, xviii, 138-
4:!. Van Duzee, E. P.— Notes on Lygaeus kalmii and allies. 4 lv,
214.
McAtee & Malloch.— Notes on American Bactrodinae and Sair-
ni, ie. (Reduviidae) 7, xvi, -j i ; 55. Wiley, G. O.— A new species of
Rheumatobates from Texas ((ierridae). 4, lv, 202-5.
LEPIDOPTERA. Barnes & Benjamin.— Notes on aberrational
names omitted from the Barnes and McDunnough cheek list. 4,
lv, 211-13. On the authorship of certain names. On the distribu-
tion of Lampra barnesi. 15, xi, 129-31; 135-6. Dyar, H. G.— Food-
318 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
plant of Hyblaea puera. (Noctuidae). 15, xi, 148. Frohawk, F. W.—
Gynandromophous Pieris rapae. 9, 1923, 235. Gaede, M. — Alte und
neue Arctiinae des Berliner Zool. Mus. 114, xl, 2-3. Hamlin, J. C. —
Seasonal adaptation of a northern hemisphere insect to the southern
hemisphere. (Melitara junctolineella.) 12, xvi, 420-23. Huggins, H.
C.— Variation in Lepidoptera. 9, 1923, 238-40. Komp, W. H. W.—
Notes on Culex floridanus. 15, xi, 133-5. Meyrick, E. — Heterocera.
Oecophoridae. Carposinidae. 40, fasc. 180, 224 pp.; fasc. 179, 10 pp.
Niepeltz, W. — Neue formen exotischer Rhopaloceren. 141, xvii, 96.
Stichel, H. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der Riodinidenfauna Sudameri-
kas. 45, xviii, 268-83.
Barnes & Benjamin. — Synonymic notes with the description of
a new genus. 19, xviii, 123-6. Blackmore, E. H. — Some new noc-
tuids from British Columbia. 4, Iv, 214-17.
DIPTERA. Aldrich, J. M.— The Aldrich collection of Diptera.
68, Iviii, 301. Bequaert & Davis. — Tabanidae of Staten Island and
Long Island, N. Y. 19, xviii, 113-22. Bonne, C. — A new Sabethes
from Surinam (Culicidae). Variability of Anopheles tarsimaculata
Goeldi. Notes on some Goeldia species from Surinam. 15, xi, 122-3;
127-8; 128-9. Bonne-Wepster & Bonne. — A list of mosquitoes from
Dutch Guiana. 15, xi, 123-7. Brues, C. T. — Two myrmecophilous
Phoridae from Br. Guiana. 133, iii, 435-40. Curran, C. H. — Two
examples of sexual dimorphism in the genus Sericomyia. [key to
N. Am. and Eur. sps. of Sericomyia and Condidea is included in
this article]. 15, xi, 136-41. Dyar, H. G. — Notes on American Culex.
Mosquitoes described by Von Humbolt. 15, xi, 118-21; 121-2. Ed-
wards, F. W. — Notes on the dipterous family Anisopodidae (Rhy-
phididae). 11, xii, 475-93. Shannon, R. C. — The pleural sclerites of
Diptera. 4, Iv, 219-20.
Curran, C. H. — Apparently undescribed Canadian Asilidae and Doli-
chopodidae. 4, Iv, 207-11. Malloch, J. R. — An amended synopsis of
the genus Mydaea (Anthomyiidae). 4, Iv, 220-21. A new genus of
Phoridae. 19, xviii, 143-4. Melander, A. L. — The genus Lasiopogon.
5, xxx, 135-45. Phillips, V. T. — A revision of the Trypetidae of
northeastern America. 6, xxxi, 119-55. Seamans, H. L. — An un-
described anthomyid in the Canadian national collection. 4, Iv, 221-2.
Shannon, R. C. — Genera of Nearctic Calliphoridae, blowflies, with
revision of the Calliphorini. 15, xi, 101-18.
COLEOPTERA. Blunck, H.— Die entwicklung des Dytiscus
marginalis vom ei bis zur imago. Teil 2. 104, cxxi, 171-391. Chap-
man, R. N. — Observations on the life history of Taphrocerus gracilis
(Buprestidae). (Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta., Mem. 67.) Detwiler, J. D.
-Three little-known clover insects. (Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta.,
Bui. 420.) Doane, R. W. — Lepersinus californicus killing ash trees.
4, Iv, 217. Mank, H. G.— The biology of the Staphylinidae. 7, xvi,
220-37. Marcovitch, S. — A root weevil (Stephanocleonus plumbeus)
XXxiv, '23] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 319.
reared from strawberry. 4, Iv, 218. Reichensperger, A.— -Neue
sudamerikanische Histeriden als gaste von wanderameisen und ter-
miten. 45, xviii, 243-52. Stichel, W. — Zur phylogenesis eines geo-
logisch jungen formenkreises der kacfcr, der Ditominen (Harpali-
dae). 45, xviii, 209-42.
Blackman, M. W. — New species of Ipidae from Maine. Two new
bark-beetles from Colorado. Description of Hylocurus parkinsoniae,
with revisional notes on Hylocurus and Micrais. (Tech. Bui. N. Y.
Coll. Forestry, No. 16, 117-36; U7-41; 142-48.) Woodruff, L. B.—
A new species of Polydrusus. 6, xxxi, 155-57.
HYMENOPTERA. Bequaert, J.— Enkcle beschouwingcn over
kleuren en kleurgroepen bij plooivleugelige wespcn. (Natuurw.
Tijds., Antwerp, viii, 16-27.) Brues, C. T. — Termitobracon, a termi-
tophilous braconid from British Guiana. 133, iii, 427-32. Clausen,
C. P. — The biology of Schizaspidia tenuicornis, a eucharid parasite
of Camponotus. 7. xvi, 195-219. Emery, C. — Formicidae, Subf.
Myrmicinae. 40, fasc. 174, 207-397. Meade- Waldo, G. — Apidae subf.
Prosopidinae. 40, fasc. 181, 45 pp. Plath, O. E. — Observations on
the so-called trumpeter in bumblebee colonies. 5, xxx, 146-54. Rob-
ertson, C. — Flower visits of insects. 5, xxx, 158-69. Sandhouse, G.
A. — A key to some South American bees belonging to the genus
Halictus subgenus Chloralictus. (Jour. Wash. Ac. Sci., xiii, 383-92.)
Schmidt, H. — Ueber den alterstod der biene. 150, lix, 343-62. Smith,
M. R. — The life history and habits of Bicyrtes quadrifasciata. (Bem-
bicidae). 7, xvi, 238-46. Stumper, R.— Le venin des fourmis. (La
nature, li, 174-76.) Wheeler, W. M. — The occurrence of winged fe-
males in the ant genus Leptogenys, with descriptions of new species.
138, No. 90.
Cockerell, T. D. A. — Some Colorado bees. 4, Iv, 205-6. Hubter,
A. R. — Utah varieties of a rose root gall wasp. 5, xxx, 173-4. Kin-
sey, A. C. — The gall wasp genus Neuroterus. (Indiana Univ. Stud.,
x, No. 58.) Regen, W. S. — An introductory study of the Psammo-
charinac with special reference to the American species of the genus
Lophopompilus. 7, xvi, 177-94. Rohwer, S. A. — Three new Pem-
phredononc wasps. (Jour. Wash. Ac. Sci., xiii, 369-71.)
SPECIAL NOTICES
Diptera Danica. — By William Lundbeck, Part VI, Pipunculidae
and Phoridae. Although this work treats only of the species occur-
ring in Denmark, it is one of those thorough treatises which should
be in the hands of all students of Diptera, especially those interested
in the families of which the respective parts treat. It is published in
the English language. The part above mentioned contains i i; pages
and many illustrations. Genera Insectorum. — The recent fascicles
of this noted work are noted above under Hymenoptera and Lepi-
.320 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '23
cloptera, by Emery, Meade-Waldo, and Meyrick. They have the
usual proportion of colored plates. The Hemiptera or Sucking In-
sects of Connecticut. — By W. E. Britton, with the collaboration of
other specialists. Bulletin No. 34, State of Connecticut Geological
and Natural History Survey. Hartford, 1923, 807 pp., 20 pis. This
should prove a valuable addition to the library of all students of
Hemiptera, especially those interested in the species of this order
occurring in the eastern United States. Macrolepidoptera of the
World. — Fauna americana. Exotica part 304 and 305 of this work
have just appeared. Part 304 begins volume 7; Noctuiformes, with
the family Agaristidae by M. Draudt, with two colored plates. The
same author treats of the hesperidian genera Discophellus to Coc-
ceius in part 305, with two colored plates. Papers from the Depart-
ment of Forestry Entomology. — Tech. Bull. No. 16, N. Y. State
College of Forestry at Syracuse University. This number contains
papers on Hemiptera and Coleoptera by Osborn, Drake, Mundinger
and Blackmen. Reference to these will be found in the above biblio-
graphy.
TWENTY-SECOND REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF CONNECTICUT
for the year 1922, by W. E. BRITTON, PH. D. — In this report just issued
(October, 1923), Dr. Britton has covered the year's work in his usual
interesting and thorough manner. We find articles or notes on all of
the more important pests — the gipsy-moth, the brown-tail moth, Oriental
peach moth, etc. — as well as accounts of new or little known pests that
have appeared on the economic horizon.
Persons who are interested in entomology, but who are not familiar
with the reports of the Connecticut State Entomologist, will find it well
worth their while to look into these reports at their earliest opportunity.
Dr. Britton's yearly reports are very valuable reference works in our
libraries on economic entomology. The material is brought together in
comprehensive form, and presented in an orderly manner, with con-
venient and accurate indices of contents, scientific and common names
and valuable statistical matter. Other admirable features of these reports
are the numerous original illustrations and the many fine photographs,
the separate articles by various members of the entomological staff, and
the pages on miscellaneous insects.
Always careful to have identifications of questionable species verified
and checked by leading specialists, Dr. Britton's references are absolutely
reliable.
While the primary object of these reports is to inform the people <>!
Connecticut concerning the work carried on by the State Entomologist,
they are also very useful to every person interested in the study of
insects, and could well be followed by others as a guide in the prepara-
tion of this type of publication. — A. B. CHAMPI.AIN, Bureau of Plant
Industry, Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pa.
INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV.
(* denotes new species, genera or varieties)
ALDRICH, J. M. A new tachinid parasite of the codling moth 53
ALEXANDER, C. P. Obituary : R. A. Dummer 192
Undescribed crane-flies from Argentina. Part VI,
VII 181, 309
Undescribed species of Erioccra and Pcnthoptcra from
tropical America (Tipulidae) 17
BARNS, T. A. A remarkable butterfly 59
BARNES & BENJAMIN. Correction of several typographical
errors (Phalaenidae=Noctuidae) 218
Notes on two species of Lepidoptera described by
Guenee 152
On Megathymus stcphcnsi 218
BIRD, H. Life-histories in the genus Schinia and allies .... 193
BLAISDELL, F. E. Two new species of Pscphcnus, with a
note on Narpus angustus 234
BRANCH, H. E. Description of the early stages of Tany-
tarsits fatigans. (Chironomidae) (ill.) 1
BRICKNER, R. M. Observations on the behavior of spiders ;
the safety of spiders from becoming entangled in their
own webs 78
BRIMLEY, C. S. Additional records of Lepidoptera from
North Carolina. I. Papilionidae to Noctuidae both
inclusive 113
Additional Syrphidae from North Carolina, with descrip-
tions of two supposed new species 277
Odonata of North Carolina 314
BUCHANAN, L. L. Two European weevils established in
North America 280
CALVERT, P. P. Again, give (editorial) 314
Entomology at the convocation week HUT) ings, Decem-
ber, 1922. (editorial) 55
Give ! (editorial) 280
Leucorhinia proximo, at a high altitude in Colorado .... 88
The number of living insects (editorial) 122
321
322 INDEX
Obituaries : William Evans, William Weeks Fowler,
Paul Mabille, Eugene Boullet, Ed. Blanc, A. L. Mon-
tandon 255
A possible service to entomologists (editorial) 86
Review : Campos' Insects of Ecuador 94
Review : Folsom's Entomology with special reference to
its ecological aspects 127
Review : Carpenter's A Naturalist on Lake Victoria ... 159
Studies on Costa Rican Odonata. X. Megaloprepus, its
distribution, variation, habits and food 129, 168
A supplementary note on Complins dilatatus 87
Those unlabeled figures (editorial) 153
The worthy flea (editorial) 187
The zoological record (editorial) 216
CAUDELL, A. N. Ccnthophilns infesting a well (Orthop-
tera 28
CHAMBERLIN, J. C. The genus Pscitdogarypns (ill.) 146, 161
CHAMPLAIN, A. B. Review : Twenty-second report of the
State entomologist of Connecticut 320
CHAMPLAIN & KNULL, New species of Agrilns (ill.) 84, 274
Notes on Pennsylvania Diptera 211
COCKERELL, T. D. A. A bee-collecting trip across the Plains 45
Supplementary note on Megaloprepus 136
Symphoromyia hirta annoying in Colorado (Leptidae) . 29
Two fossil hymenoptera from Florissant 270
COLE, F. R. Corrections to the "Annotated list of the Dip-
tera of Oregon" 205
COOLIDGE, K. R. The life-history of Hcspcria cricctontni . 140
The life history of Phaedrotcs piasns (Lycaenidae) .... 295
The life-history of Pieris beckcri 225
CRAIGHEAD, E. M. Life history of, and notes on, certain
Chrysomelidae 118
CRAWLEY, H. Cntcrcbra cnniciili in the dog 315
CRESSON, E. T. JR. Let us try to help each other 58
Minutes : Entomological section, Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia 95
A new species of an Achias-like fly from Nicaragua ap-
parently belonging to the little-known genus Playio-
ccphalus JS7
fNDKX 323
Obituary : Kalman Kertesz 128
CRESSON & REHN. Entomological literature. (See under
General Subjects.)
CURRAN, C. H. Two varieties of Eurosta solidaginis 302
DUNCAN, C. D. Notes on the biology of two species of
Stenopelmatus (Tettigoniidae) (ill.) 73
DUNNAM, E. W. External parasites of the prairie mole
Scalops aqitaticiis 219
FELT, E. P. Scaritcs sitbtcrntnciis. an interesting malfor-
mation ( Carabidae) 25
FERRIS, G. F. Bolletino della scuola superiore d'agricoltura
de Portici 155
HEBARD, M. An interesting species of the genus Mclano-
plns from central Georgia (ill.) 260
HIGGINS. M. L. J. O.vycncinus Jiistrina on fungus 86
HOAG, M. E. Additions to the collections of insects at
Iowa State College 25
HOFFMAN, W. H. Observations on the occurrence and
biology of Triatoina flavida in Cuba Ill
HORNIG, H. A bird catching a butterfly 215
Flies preying on mosquito larvae 238
HOWARD, L. O. Entomologische mitteilungen 90
An interesting new case of phoresie 90
The proper spelling of Ornithodoros talajc (Ixodoidea) 27
HULL, F. M. Notes on the family Nemestrinidae 275
HUNGERFORD, H. B. A new species of the genus Biicnoa. . 149
JONES, F M. Collecting in the southwestern United States 265
Variations in Thyridopteryx \ Two new psychicls. (ill.). 97
KIRK, H. (See Weiss & Kirk.)
KLOTS, A. B. A race of Eurcina proterpia (Pieridae) .... 301
KNIGHT, H. H. Cellucotton for packing unmounted insects 187
A fourth paper on the species of Lopidca (Miridae)
(ill.) 65
Manuals of Hemiptera in preparation 121
A new Peritropis from the eastern United States 50
Paradichlorobenzene as a fumigant in the entomological
museum
KNULL, J. N. ( Sen' ( 'hamplain & Knull.)
324 INDEX
LAURENT, P. Vitality of cecropia moth 155
LEUSSLER, R. A. Indian massacres of early days outdone !
Wholesale slaughter of peaceful pawnees by whites. . 27
Notes on variation in 53 specimens Pamphila pazvnee
collected at Pilger, Nebraska, September 2, 1922 28
LINDSEY, A. W. New names in the order Lepidoptera. . . . 123
New North American Hesperiidae 209
On the authorship of the Encyclopedic Methodique, Vol.
IX. A correction 123
LOTT, R. B. (See Weiss & Lott.)
MCATEE, W. L. (See Malloch & McAtee.)
MAcGiLLiVRAY, A. D. The anal veins in the wings of
Diptera 106
MALLOCH, J. R. The cordylurid genus ParaUeloina and its
nearest allies 139, 175
A new character for differentiating the families of
Muscoidea 57
A new empid from the eastern United States 5
A new species of Forcipomyia from the eastern United
States (Ceratopogonidae) 4
A note on the relationships of Pyrgotidae 283
MALLOCH & McATEE. District of Columbia diptera : Scio-
myzidae 232
METCALF, C. L. Minutes : Entomological Society of .
America 62
NAKAHARA, W. Two new aberrant Basihtrchias from
northeastern United States (Nymphalidae) 9
PARSHLEY, H. M. Hemipterological notices. — III (Miridae,
Lygaeidae) 21
RAU, P. Another reference to Barbellion 245
Dr. Charles Henry Turner (ill.) 289
The nesting habits of Odyncnis pedestris and Stemni-
cistroccrus saecularis 243
Osmia cordata; a correction 308
REIIN, J. A. G. (See Cresson & Rehn.)
REINHARD, H. J. New Tachinidae from Texas 266
ROOT, F. M. Notes on Zygoptera from Maryland, with a
•description of Enallagma palliduin, n. sp. (ill.) 200
INDEX 325
SCHWARZ, E. The reason why Catocala eggs are occasion-
ally deposited on plants upon which the larva cannot
survive ; and a new variation 272
SKINNER, H. Duty on insects imported into the United
States (editorial) 244
Kindness to butterflies (editorial) 26
A new genus and species of Sp/ihi.v 138
Obituary : Henry J. Elwes 64
SMITH, H. Hunting rare beetles and bugs above the clouds 269
SMITH, M. R. Two new varieties of ants 306
STAUUINGER & BANG-HAAS. Robbery! High reward!
Warning to buyers ! 155
STEVENS, O. A. Review: Genera insectorum, fasc. 181,
Apidae, subfam. Prosopidinae 253
STONER, D. Insects taken at hot springs, Rotorua, New
Zealand 88
TALBOT, G. A remarkable butterfly 59
TILLYARD, R. J. The lower permian insects of Kansas.
Preliminary announcement 292
VAN DUZEE, M. C. New and known species of Porphyrops
from North America 239
VAX DUZEE, E. P. A rearrangement of our North Ameri-
can Thyreocorinae 302
WEISS, H. B. Review : Riley's Responses of the large water-
strider, to contact and light 191
WEISS & KIKK. Pontedera's 1718 paper on the cicada. .11, 41
WEISS & LOTT. Notes on the Desmodium sawfly, Atonia-
ccra (Icsinodii 167
Notes on Rhodobacnns rj-puncfains. the cockle-bur bill-
bug 103
WEST, L. S. Immunity to parasitism in Sainia cccropla. . . 23
WILLIAMS, R. C. Minutes: The American Entomological
Society 63, 95, 224
WILLIAMSON, E. I). Odonatological results of an auto trip
across Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee 6, 37
Some peculiarities of the dragon-fly fauna of Trinidad. . 263
WOODWORTH, C. W. The wings of Boniby.v inori 33
326
INDEX
GENERAL SUBJECTS
Again, give 314
America, Entomological So-
ciety of 62
American Entomological So-
ciety 63,95, 224
Animals attacked by in-
sects 219, 315
Bacot memorial fund 273
Barbellion, Another reference
to 245
Cellucotton for packing un-
mounted insects 187
Clouds, Hunting above the . . . 269
Collecting in the southwestern
U. S 265
Convocation week meetings ... 55
Disease and insects Ill
Duty on insects 244
Entomological literature,
29, 60, 91, 124, 156, 188, 219, 246
283, 316.
Entomological Section 95
Entomologische mitteilungen. . 90
Fossil insects 270, 292
Fungous insects 86
Give (editorial) 280
Godman and Salvin, Memorial
to 245
Hot springs, Insects collected
at 88
Insects attacking insects. .212, 238
Iowa State College insect col-
lections, Additions 25
London, Entomological Society
of, Funds for 231
Malformation, An interesting. 25
Man attacked by insects 29
Mulford biological exploration
of the Amazon basin 72
National Museum, Gift to 282
Number of living insects 122
Packing insects 187
Paradichlorobenzene as a fum-
igant 57
Parasites of prairie mole 219
Parasites of insects. .. .53, 90, 112
Parasitism, Immunity to 23
Pennsylvania bureau of plant
industry, New director of.. 281
Permian insects of Kansas... 292
Pest of museum, Fumigant for 57
Philadelphia, Academy of
Natural Sciences of (see
Entomological Section).
Phoresie, interesting case of.. 90
Plants attacked by insects,
99, 101, 103, 119, 141, 195. 212,
226, 262, 272, 230.
Plants visited by insects,
45, 113, 141, 270, 277, 296
Portici, Bolletino d. Sc. Sup.
de Agric. de 155
Preservation of rare species.. 124
Service to entomologists 86
Stettin, Entomological Union
of 224
Unlabeled figures 153
Zoological record 216, 314
Zoological record, Insecta part 138
OBITUARY NOTICES.
Blanc, Ed 256
Boullet, Eugene 256
Dummer, R. A 192
Elwes, H. J 64
Evans, William 255
Fowler, William W 255
Kertesz, K 128
Mabille, Paul 256
Montandon, A. L 255
Turner, C. H. (ill.) 289
PERSONALS.
Aldrich, J. M 280
Barbellion. W. N. P 245
Cockerell, T. D. A 155, 279
Hadley, C. H 281
Hormg, H 215
Van Dyke, E. C 10
INDEX
327
REVIEWS.
Campos' Insects of Ecuador . . 94
Carpenter's Naturalist on Lake
Victoria 159
Connecticut, Entomologist's
report 320
Folsom's Entomology 127
Genera insectorum, Apidae,
Prosopidinae 253
Rik-y's Responses of the Large
Water-strider 191
Seitz : Macrolepidoptera of the
\Yorld 26
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRI-
BUTION.
Alabama : Hem., 52. Lep.. 154, 209.
Arkansas : Lep., 154.
Arizona : Hem., 304.
California: Col., 237. Hem., 68,
305. Hym, 307. Lep., 140, 273,
296. Ortli., 73.
Colorado: Dip., 29. Hem., 67.
Hym., 45, 270. Odon., 88. Orth.,
28. Fossil, 270.
Dakotas : Col., 280. Hem., 66.
Delaware : Lep., 100.
District of Columbia : Dip., 232.
Hem., 52. Lep., 154.
Florida : Odon., 87.
Georgia : Lep., 100. Orth., 260.
Idaho: Col, 234.
Illinois: Dip., 139, 177. Hem., 21.
Indiana : Dip., 139. Odon., 6, 37.
Iowa : Col., 280.
Kansas: Fossil, 292. Col.. 274.
Hem., 71.
Kentucky : Odon., 6, 37.
Maine: Dip., 240.
Maryland: Dip., 4, 5. 139, 178.
Lep., 100, 154. Odon., 200.
Massachusetts: Dip., 177.
Michigan: Dip., 180. Hem., 52.
Minnesota: Hem., 66, 149.
Mississippi : Hym., 3l)S.
Missouri: Col., 85. Dip., 275.
llym.. 243. Up., 154.
Montana : Col., 280. Hem., 68.
Nebraska: Col., 85. Hem., 47, 67.
Lep., 27.
\V\v Hampshire : Dip., 140, 177.
Xew Jersey: Col., 103. Dip., 241.
Hym., 167. Lep., 215.
New Mexico: Hem., 67.
Xew York: Dip., 1, 180. 253. Lep.,
10, 23.
North Carolina : Dip., 277. Hym.,
308. Lep., 113. Odon., 314.
Oregon: Dip., 54, 205, 242. Hem..
69.
Pennsylvania: Col., 118. Dip., 180,
211. Lep., 155.
Rhode Island: Dip... 17S. 241.
South Carolina : Lep., 100.
Tennessee : Odon., 6, 37.
Texas : Dip., 266, 277. Hem., 71.
Utah: Arac.. 152.
Virginia: Col., 86. Dip., 177.
Washington : Hem., 70. Lep., 140.
Wisconsin : Col., 280.
Wyoming: Arac., 146. Hem., 68.
Canada: Col., 280. Dip., 178, 302.
Hem., 22. 66.
Africa : Lep.. 59.
Central America : .Dip., 257. Lep.,
138. Odon., 129, 168.
Europe : Hem., 90.
South America : 94, Dip., 17, 58, 181,
309. Lep., 136. Odon., 136, 3(11.
West Indies: Hem., 111. Lep., 101.
Odon., 263.
COLEOPTERA
.l(/rilus (see egeniformis, cclli.
cycus. paramasculinus) .
ain/ustiis, Narpits 238
:iitriitits. Chrysochiis 120
hi>iuicn!atiis, Xotar'.s 280
P.uprestidae 84, 274
ci;/i;.-vn;.v*, /'.sv />/«•/; ».\- 236
Carahidae 25
cclti, .1,/ri/its (ill.) 85
Clirysucliu.f (see iiiiralns).
328
INDEX
Chrysornelidae 118
Cockle-bur bill-bug (see Rho-
dobacnus ij-punctatus) .
coryli, Monocesta 119
Curculionidae 280
egcniformis*, Agrilns (ill.)... 84
egcns, Agrilns (ill.) 85
European weevils in N. A 280
fallci, Pscphcnus 238
gibbitarsa, Ocdionychis 119
haldcinani, Pscphcnus 237
liistrina, O.ryciicnuis 86
hudsonias, Systcna 121
laud*, Pscphcnus 234
Iccontei, Pscphcnus 237
Life-history of Chrysomelidae 118
Longitarsus (see siibrufus).
Malformation in Scaritcs 25
Monocesta (see coryli).
Narpus (see august us).
Nitidulidae 86
Notaris (see bimaculatus) .
Ocdionychis (see gibbitarsa).
Oxycncmus (see histrina).
paramasculinus*, Agrilns .... 274
I'hytoiwnnts (see nunicis) .
Psephenus, Key to species.... 237
Pscphcnus (see land, cala-
veras, haldcinani, Iccontei,
veluticolUs. fallci).
Rhodobacnus (see ij-puncta-
tus).
runiicis, Pliytonomus 280
Scaritcs subtcrraneus, an in-
teresting malformation .... 25
sitbrufus, Longitarsus 120
subtcrranctis, Scaritcs 25
suturalis, Zygogramma 119
Systcna (see hudsonias).
jj-punctatus, Rhodobacnus . . . 103
i'clnticollis, Pscphcnus 237
Zygogramma (see suturalis).
DIPTERA
Achactclla* 140
Achias-like fly 257
adusta, Cordylura 139
aequabilis*, Gcranoinyia 311
Aldrich collection of diptera.. 282
Aincricina* 139
Anachaetopsis 53
Anal veins in Diptera 106
andicola*, Erioccra 312
an iliac*, Hclophilus 278
Annotated list of diptera of
Oregon, Corrections 205
Annoyance by Symphoromyia. 29
Arcliiborbonts (see snbmacu-
latus).
argentinensis*, Procryptolabis. 184
Asilidae 212
australis*, Brachyprcnma .... 185
baiiksi*. Parallcloma 180
barbipcs*, Porphyrops 239
barret oi*, Tipitla- 312
Borboridae 58
Brachyprcnma (see australis).
bradlcyi, Hirnioncura 277
brcvicornis*, Porphyrops .... 241
bruchi*, Monophilits 182
candidipcs*, Penthoptera 20
Ceratopogon'idae, New species 4
Chironomidae, Early stages... 1
cincrosa*, J\Ictachacta 268
Coloboncura (see exquisita).
Cordylura (see dcccptiva,
pracnsta, slossonac, incina,
glabra. adusta, incnnis).
Cordyluridae 139, 175
craigheadi, Microdon 213
Crane-flies (see Tipulidae).
Criorhina (see uigrircntris).
Cryptolabis (see Procryptola-
bis).
Culicidae 238
ciiniculi, Cutcrcbra 315
Cutcrcbra ciiniculi in tbe dog. 315
Cyrtidae 211
Dasyllis (seegrossa).
deccpti-z-a*, Cordylura 180
Dexiidae 214
diinidiata*, Rnoccra 17
INDEX
329
dimidiatat Paralleloma 178
d is f>ar, Oncodcs 211
Dolichopodidae 239
dorxalis*, Paralleloma cmaryi-
nata 180
Early stages of Chironomidae
(ill.) }
cinarginata*, Paralleloma .... 179
Empididae 212
Empididae, Xew species 5
Erioccra (see andicola, lanyl-
pcnnis, dimidiata, perenenis,
willjamsoni) .
Erioptcra (see fitscii'cna).
Eitrosta (see fascipennis, sub-
fa-sciatits) .
t-.Vijuisita*, Coloboncura 5
facialis*. Paratacta 266
fascipennis*, Eurosta solidagi-
nis 302
fatigans, Tanytarsus 1
Flics preying on mosquito
larvae 238
Forcipomyia (see plui'ialis).
fiisch-ena*. Erioptcra iminac-
nlata 311
fjlahnt. Cord yl lira 177
Geranomyia (sec scrotina, pla-
tcnsis, acqitabilis).
Gonomyia (see sa.ricola).
grossa, Dasyllis 212
I Idopliilns (see anniac).
Hippoboscidae 215
Hirmoneura (sec bradlcyi).
liirhi, Syniplioroinyia 29
honestus*, Monophilus 181
hubcri*, Plagiocepha-lus 259
inennis, . Imericina 140
inennis, ( 'ordyliira 140
jnhnsoiii*, Porphyrops 240
l,ci)tidac 211
J.iinnophila (see platcnsis).
/ .iinc haea (sec polita ) .
l(>nniyia 310
plulcnsis*, Limnophila 184
pleuritica, Paralleloma 178
p'.ui'ialis*, Forcipomyia 5
polita, Lonchaca 214
pominclla. Khayolctis 215
Porphyrops (see slossonae,
barbipcs, johnsoiii, brcricor-
nis, ornatus).
pracusta, Cordylura 175
Procryptolabis* 183
Progonomyia (see (.lonomyia)
Pyrgotidae, Relationships of.. 283
klnitiolclis (see ponmnella)
Sapromysidae 214
330
INDEX
sn.vicola*, Goiwinyia 182
scapularis, Paralleloma 177
Sciomyzidae of District of
Columbia 232
scrotina*, Gcranomyia 309
simulata*, Paralleloma 178
slossonac, Cordylura 176
slossonac, Porphyrops 239
Soinula (see marivirginiae)
subfasciatus*, Eurosta soli-
day in is 302
siibinaculatus, Archlborborus . 58
Symphoromyia hirta annoying 29
Syrphidae 213, 277
Tabanidae 211
Tachinidae 53, 214, 266
Tachiniclae, of Oregon, Cor-
rections 206
Tanytarsits fatigans, Early
stages (ill.) 1
tarsalis*, Paralleloma 177
tc.rana*, Xiphoniyia 267
Tipnla (see barretoi)
Tipulidae 181, 211, 309
Tipulidae from Tropical Am-
erica 17
Trypetidac 215, 302
vagans*, Anacha-etopsis 54
raripes, Paralleloma 140
Venation 106
induct. Cordylura 176
roltiticits, Neorhynchocephalus 275
li'illiainsoni*, Lriocera 19
Xiphoniyia (see tc.vana)
HEMIPTERA
amorphae*, Lopidea (ill.) .... 65
Anoplocnemis (see ciiri'ipes)
arisonensis*, Cynoides 304
balli*, Lopidea (ill.) 66
hasalis, Orthaea 22
Bucnoa (see liinnocastoris)
bullata*, Lopidea (ill.) 71
chelifcr*, Lopidea (ill.) 67
Cicada, Pontedera's paper on.ll, 41
Coreidae 90
curvipes, Anoplocnemis 90
C ydnoides (see arizonensis)
dakota*, Lopidea (ill.) 67
Dicyphus (see ynicilcntits)
diminutus*, Eiiryscytus 305
Litryscytits (see diminutus)
falcala*, Lopidea (ill.) 72
falcicula*, Lopidea (ill.) .... 68
falhu-*, Lopidea (ill.) 69
flavida, Triatotna Ill
fracticollis, Orthaea 22
ftisca*, Lopidea bullata 71
fitscina*, Lopidea (ill.) 08
gracilentus*, Dicyphus 21
husseyi*, Pcritropis 50
hi!h yrae*. Lopidea (ill.) 66
lininocastoris*, Bucnoa 150
Lopidea (see amorphae, latliy-
rae. balli, chelifer, dakota,
falcicula, fi/scina, nigridea,
falla.r, scrica, yakima, >no-
liavc, nicholi, ntc, tcton, bul-
lata, fitsca, li'ileyi, falcata,
tanrnta)
Inrida, Orthaca 22
Lygaeidae 21
Manuals of Hemiptera 121
Miridae 21, 50, 65
mohai'c*, Lopidea (ill.) 70
nicholi*, Lopidea (ill.) 70
nigridea*, Lopidea (ill.) 69
Notonectidae 149
Orthaea (see fracticollis, litr-
ida, basal is)
Pcritropis (see husseyi)
Pontedera's paper on cicada .11, 41
Reduviidae Ill
scrica*. Lopidea (ill.) 69
tanrnla*. Lopidea (ill.) <>S
tcton*, Lopidea (ill.) 7(1
Thyreocorinae, Rearrangement
of 3(12
Triatonia flavida, Occurrence
and biology of Ill
»/c*, Lopidea (ill.) 70
wileyi*, Lopidea (ill.) 71
ya lei ma*, Li'pidca (ill.) (i"
INDEX
331
HYMENOPTERA
A ml rend (see pulchclla)
Aphaenogaster (see niuripes)
Apoidea 45
tiiislralitir, Spinoliella 46
Bee-collecting 45
Camponotus (see cssi-
niticei'd desiiiodn)
cssif/i*, Camponotus caryac . . 306
Eumenidae 243
c.rcni-rcns, Tetralonielld ....46, 50
Flowers and bees 45
Formicidae 306
Fossil hymenoptera 270
Halictus (see pcctoraloides,
politissiinus)
Ilcriadcs (see mersalits)
Idticincta, Pcrdita 46
leucopterus*, Pamtnjinus .... 49
Mcuachilidae 270, 308
incrsatiis*, Hcriades 271
Nesting habits of Odynenis
and Stenancistrocerus 243
niui'ipcs*. Aphaenogaster la-
mellidens 308
Odyiicnts pcdcstris. Nesting
habits ' 243
Osniia (see cordata}
Palaeoi'cspa (sec r<-lccta)
1'iiiiuri/iint.'! (sec h'ucuptcrus )
pcdcxlris, Odyin'nts 243
pectoraloides, I luliclns 4o
Perdita ( see laticiiii ta i
politissimus, Halictus 47
Proctntrypidae 90
piilcliclltt. And rend 46
rclcrta*, Palaeovespa 2711
.vp/iv/f/um, Stenancistrocerus . 243
Sphecoidea 45
Stenancistroccrits saecularis,
Nesting habits 243
Stenodynerus (see Odynerus)
Tenthredinidae U>7
Tetralaniella (see c. \-cnrrcns,
z'crbcsinantin)
Triepeolus (see cyclnnis)
rcrhesiihtntin, Tctraloniclla .. 50
Vespidae 270
Xenoglossodes 50
LEPIDOPTERA
Acronycta (see chtrcsccns)
alabamae*, Atrytone 210
iirciiiern, Schinia 197
. Iri/us 23
iitlantis*, Bdsihircliid astyana.r 10
Atrytane (see diikcsi. ala-
bauidc )
babayaud*, Klonens 138
Bamlclla* 123
Basilarcliia (see at hint is, cay-
Ufjd )
hcckcri, Pieris 225
bcnjdiniiii*. Oncocneniis 123
Bird catching a butterfly .... 215
Bombycidae 33
Bowby.v inori, Wings of 33
brci'is, Lygranthoecia 198
Catocala depositing on plants
not suitable 272
Catoca^a (see waltcri)
cayuya*, Basilarclr.d inisippits 10
cecyopia, Sain'ut 23, 155
clarescens, Acronycta 152
Codling moth parasite 53
Corrections in Phalaenidae and
Xoctnidae 218
defeusdrid. Xanthorhoe 152