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Vv. 66
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VOLUME XXXVI, 1925
COLEMAN T. ROBINSON 3) 1838-1872 PHILIP P. CALVERT, Px.D.; Editor y 271SO0/
E. T. CRESSON, Jr., Associate Editor NS MATioney ser
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D) Enr. News, Vov. XXXVI. Plate I.
NEW CALIFORNIA RHOPALOCERA.—GUNDER.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VoL. XXXVI
JANUARY, 1925
CONTENTS Gunder—Several New Varieties of and Muscoid Diptera from 1914 to 1919.. 22 Aberrant Lepidoptera (Rhopalo- Coolidge—Burroughs and Bugs........ 24 cera’) from) Galifornia............... 1 | Schaus—Two New Saturnids from Hayes—A Preliminary List of the Ants South America (Lepid.)............ 25 of Kansas (Hymenoptera, Formi- Coolidge—Strymon loki Skinner—A aA) acdonannoos eonode Hood ogmesanoce 10 Correction. (Lepid., Lycaenidae.) 26 Curran—Three New Nearctic Tachini- Editorial—An International Congress GEE (Oe ) hae nbboomoogenen SSoacons 13 of Entomology in 1925 ?...........- 27 Ewing —New Mites of the Family Der- Editorial—How to Meet the Rising manyssidae (Acarina)............+- 18 Costs of Production................ 27 Townsend—Work on the United States Entomological Literature.............. 28 National Museum Collection of
Several New Varieties of and Aberrant Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera) from California. By J. D. Gunper, Pasadena, California. (Plate 4)
It is calculated that about one-half of the listed varieties of United States Rhopalocera are now to be found within the borders of California, and yet few books have dealt exclusively or in part with this big field.
Mr. W. G. Wright, in his book ‘““The Butterflies of the West Coast,” did a great service by illustrating some of the older western things. It is really wonderful that twenty years ago he was able to do so well. In recent years our entomologists have found need of a new illustrated local text, compiled from . long series and where possible collected personally from the various districts, so as to untangle some of the contested prob- lems that have come up. The forthcoming work by Dr. John Adams Comstock, of the Southwest Museum, Los Angeles,
1
2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [janis 25
~
California, on “California Butterflies” will-fill that want. Dr. Comstock needs no entomological introduction. His continual work of building up the Southwest Museum to a place deserv- ing of the “third largest city” is his prime undertaking and will be his monument. Always a collector and interested in Lepi- doptera by specialty, he has provided a safe place which some day will become the Mecca of the West for those seeking ref- erence or a permanent depository for their collections.
I inscribe this plate to him and am pleased to suffix his name to several of the following specimens.
All figures are fairly true to color. They have been very slightly reduced in size.
1. Brephidium exilis Bdv. (fig. ll), ab. coolidgei nov. aberr.
(igs Se).
Upper side. Primaries: normal. Secondaries: having the four black spots merging through and conspicuous, being heavily rimmed more so posteriorly by chalk white crescents forming a border at the outer margin much as on the under side; otherwise normal.
Under side. (Fig. L.) Primaries: inner half and beyond a brown reniform discal spot chalk white immaculate with irreg- ular dentiform anterior edge; followed by a broad clay brown area to a row of small triangular white spots which extend from apex to inner angle; between these and outer margin a narrow border of dark brown which is cut near inner angle with white as in typical specimens; fringes as usual. Secondaries: inner half as in primaries with anterior edge more irregular and excurved, especially at interspaces of median nervules, with addition of three dark brown spots transverse across center base area; the black spots at outer margin as in normal specimens. Expanse: 17 mm.
Data: Allotype 2 (Author’s Coll.), Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California. July 12, 1922. Paratype 1-2 (Coll. of K. R. Coolidge), Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California. Aug. 3, 1922:
Named for Mr. K. R. Coolidge, Los Angeles, California.
Note: Fig. lll is an interesting evilis ¢ with five wings. It is normal except for the additional primary on the right. The author has two such identical specimens.
Sev, 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3
2. Philotes battoides Behr. var. bernardino B. & Mc. D.
(fig. mm), ab. ? baldyensis nov. aberr. (fig. M).
Upper Side. Normal.
Under side. (Fig. M.) Primaries: Having a solid black area of the form of a Greek cross between the costal and inner margins in the discal area, its borders just included, and formed by all the. spots except the one nearest the base which is larger and quadrate; the two submarginal rows of spots are as usual. Secondaries: All inner spotting heavier. Expanse: 19 mm.
Data: Allotype ? (Author’s Coll.), Camp Baldy, San Ber- nardino County, California, July 5, 1924.
Named after Camp Baldy, which is also the type locality of var. bernardino.
3. Plebeius monticola Clem. (half-fig. nn), ab. 2 pallida nov.
aberr. (fig. N).
Upper side. (Fig. N.) Primaries: Normal. Secondaries: Entire replacement of submarginal red color by chalk white © with no design change.
Under side. Ground color of both primaries and secondaries very chalk white with no change in pattern and spotting normal. Expanse: 27 mm.
Data: Allotype ? (Author’s Coll.), Cajon Pass, San Ber- nardino Mountains, San Bernardino County, California, May 14, 1922.
4. Glaucopsyche xerces Bdv. form mertila Edw. (fig. 00)
ab. ¢ huguenini nov. aberr. (fig. O).
Upper side. Normal.
Under side. (Fig. O.) Primaries: Row of black spots twice as large and egg-shaped with small ends pointing in; large black cell spot from which a whitish ray runs well into base. Secondaries: Row of spots equally enlarged; transverse cell streak becomes comet-shaped black spot parallel with costal margin and extending well into base and having additional small black spot, also white-encircled, half way to costal margin; additional small black spot well in base nearly concealed in the marginal hairs. Expanse: 28 mm.
Data: Holotype ¢ (Author’s Coll.), San Francisco, Cali- fornia, April 24, 1917. Named for Mr. T. C. Huguenin, San Francisco, California.
4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 725
5. Phaedrotes piasus Bdv. var. catalina Reak. (fig. pp) ab.
3 gorgonioi nov. aberr. (fig. P).
Upper side. Normal.
Under side. (Fig. P.) Primaries: Row of six black spots four times larger and oval; cell crescent and spot at base line become two large round spots joined together dumbbell form and very conspicuous. Secondaries: All spotting enlarged and elongated ; cell area with irregular black tracings through the white. Expanse: 28 mm.
Data: Holotype ¢ (Author’s Coll.), San Gorgonio Moun- tain, San Bernardino County, California, June 13, 1921.
Named after Mount San Gorgonio on whose slope this variety of piasus seems constant.
6. Anthocharis sara Bdv. form reakirti Edw. (fig. qq) ab.
3 sternitzkyi nov. aberr. (fig. Q).
Upper side. (Fig. Q.) The orange red apical patch of normal specimens here becomes pale buff and the cream white ground color on both wings becomes chalk white with the under side markings showing through very distinctly; no design change.
Under side. Ground color very pale. Expanse: 36 mm.
Data: Holotype ¢ (Author’s Coll.), San Francisco, Cali- fornia, April 22, 1924.
Named for Mr. R. F. Sternitzky, San Francisco, California.
Note: There seems to be no gradual transition of color in this species, which makes this specimen noteworthy, it being fresh and in perfect condition.
7. Zerene eurydice Bdv. ab. ¢d newcombi nov. aberr. (fig. R).
Upper side. (Fig. R.) Entirely lacking the orange color which is replaced by that lemon yellow found on normal speci- mens near the inner margin of secondaries. The replacement by lemon yellow is complete and is especially noticeable on secondaries, ““dog’s head” area and marginal apex spotting.
Under side. Lemon yellow as compared to orange tint of normal specimens. Expanse: 50 mm.
Data: Holotype ¢ (Author’s Coll.), San Bernardino Moun- tains, San Bernardino County, California.
Named for Mr. Hal Newcomb, Pasadena, California.
XEXVE, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5
Note: The figure on the plate shows a shadow near the body on the, secondaries, this should not be mistaken for color. The replacement of color on this specimen is very similar to that of E. eurytheme, form amphidusa, ab. unicitrina, described and illustrated in Vol. XXXV, No. 5, Plate 2, Fig. J. For com- parison with a normal Z. eurydice see fig. kk on above-men- tioned plate.
8. Basilarchia lorquini Bdv. ab. ¢ comstocki nov. aberr.
(fig? S):
Upper side. (Fig. S.) Primaries: Brown apical area twice larger and broad with no trace of markings except near costal on inner side where two small faint white markings occur ; row of white spots through discal area become small and barely visible, being suffused by black, with the largest one near inner margin smaller than the smallest one on normal specimens and those nearest margins absent; cell spot merest white speck. Secondaries: Entirely black except for remains of suffused white spot in interspace above submedian vein; trace of red at anal angle as in normal specimens.
Under side. Primaries: White spotting as above with black in corresponding suffusion. Secondaries: Absence of white spotting with black and white replacement, otherwise normal. Expanse: 51 mm.
Data: Holotype ¢ (Author’s Coll.), Bishop, Inyo County, California, August 28, 1921.
Named for Dr. John Adams Comstock, Los Angeles, Cali- fornia.
9. Dione vanillae L. ab. d comstocki nov. aberr. (fig. T).
Upper side. (Fig. T.) Primaries: Black veining very heavy with brown interspaces practically closed and wholly so at the interspaces of the three, black spots, the upper two of which are confluent with the black; cell area entirely black with white specks marking position of former black spots. Secondaries: Black at outer margin which in normal specimens forms a row of round brown spots, here becomes a broad solid black area, the inner side of which irregularly pierces the brown at inter- spaces, most deeply so at those of the two black spots which become confluent and are part of the black area itself.
Under Side. Primaries: Interspace silver spots at apex con-
6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [jan 25
fluent ; ground color of cell entirely black; heavy black shading near inner angle. Secondaries: All silver spots near costal margin become black, others remain silver but are confluent through the interspaces. Expanse: 53 mm.
Data: Holotype ¢ (Author’s Coll.), Monrovia, Los Angeles County, California, July 19, 1924. Named for Dr. John Adams Comstock, Los Angeles, Cali-
fornia.
10. Leptotes marina Reak. (fig. uu) ab. ? violacea nov. aberr. (fig. U).
Upper side. (Fig. U.) Primaries: Violet blue overcasting entire wing except for a darker connecting border along all of costal and outer margins; normal spotting and lines scarcely visible ; no white marks. Secondaries: Clear violet blue, except for strip along costal margin and some shading at outer margin where only one spot is conspicuous with no white darts show- ing; no center marking. Under side. Normal. Expanse: 22 mm.
Data: Allotype 2 (Author’s Coll.), Oak Glenn, Riverside County, California, July 19, 1924.
11. Philotes sonorensis Feld. (figs. la, 2a, 3a) form com- stocki nov. form. (figs. 1-d, 2-?, 3-¢ underside).
Differs from sonorensis on the upper side in both sexes in having only one large black spot at the cell on the primaries, instead of four or more above the orange spots. Also no spotting on the secondaries. The under sides are quite differ- ent being solid brown-black through the basal and discal areas instead of being spotted and shaded; similarly, the single black spot is again in evidence.
3.—( Holotype, fig. 1.) (Paratype under side, fig. 3.) Ex- panse: 24 mm.
Upper side. Brilliant silvery blue; alternately spaced black and white fringes; outer margins edged by a black line; pri- maries with a narrow, black, marginal border, rather broad at apex and tapering off invisibly at inner angle; two orange-red patches near margin in median nervule interspaces ; prominent, irregular, single, black spot at end of cell. Under side. Pri- martes: Greyish brown; orange-red patches and single black spot repeated ; line of small transverse black marks parallel and near to outer margin, somewhat flared in gray and interrupted
KKXVG 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7
by the two orange patches. Secondaries: Darker greyish brown through all of basal and discal areas than on primaries with the limbal lighter in shade and having a row of faint white spots barely discernible through its length; at end of cell a faint transverse black streak.
?.—(Allotype, fig. 2.) Expanse: same.
Upper side. Darker blue when compared with male; orange patches on primaries and secondaries in like position; single black cell spot as in male; primaries have a broad and con- tinuous black border at outer margin, preceding which is a black line cut by the veins and orange patches; black border on secondaries becomes a series of black spots in interspaces. Under side. As in male.
Data: Holotype ¢ (Author’s Coll.), San Gabriel River, Duarte, Los Angeles County, California, March 15, 1922. A\l- lotype ° (Author’s Coll.), San Gabriel River, Duarte, Los Angeles County, California, February 20, 1922. Paratypes 6-d and 2-9, similar dates through 1922 to 1923.
Paratypes and topotypes will be deposited with the South- west Museum, Los Angeles, and the Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.
Named for Dr. John Adams Comstock, Los Angeles, Cali- fornia.
Note: Specimens first taken were thought aberrations, how- ever, as many were found by local collectors, all remaining constant, and in both sexes alike, this new form was anticipated.
12. Polites sabuleti Bdv. var. comstocki nov. var. (fig. 4-d, fig. 5-2).
P. sabuleti is widespread over California, both along the coast and through the highlands from San Diego north. Var. tecumseh is a higher altitude race, smaller in size and with extended markings. This new variety comstocki will be termed a desert race, as it ranges through the Imperial Valley along the roadside vegetation and shrubs of the irrigation ditches. It differs principally from sabuleti on the under side, having a paler ground color with all markings very obscure. Some specimens show a clear ground with no markings in evidence, the darkest marked being less than that found on a series of straight sabuleti. The females are apt to be more heavily marked in the basal areas.
8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. bjain "23
Data: Holotype ¢ (Author’s Coll.), El Centro, Imperial County, California, October 4, 1923. Expanse: 15mme: (Fie. 4a, paratype, under side.) Allotype ¢ (Author’s Coll.), El Centro, Imperial County, California, October 5, 1923. Expanse: 18mm. (Fig. 5a, paratype, under side.) Paratypes: 12-d, 3-, similar dates, also localities. Paratypes and topotypes will be deposited with the Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, and the Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.
Named for Dr. John Adams Comstock, Los Angeles, Cali- fornia.
13. Argynnis calippe Bdv. (fig. 6a) var. comstocki nov. var. (figs. 6-d, 7-2).
3.—Holotype (fig. 6). Expanse: 53 mm.
Typical calippe evidently found around the San Francisco district and described by Boisduval and figured correctly, among others, by Oberthur, has a red fulvous ground color between the submarginal row of crescents and row of round spots on both wings, whereas this southern variety, comstocki, has a clear fulvous ground color over the entire surface of the wings. Also, this southern group has the black shading confined to the basal area and up to the mesial line, whereas, in the other, the black shading extends entirely along the inner margin on the primaries and well through the discal area of the secondaries. Compared in series, the northern ones show slightly heavier vein markings, although this varies in individuals. W. G. Wright's figures show this southern variety, but evidently he did not have access to the true calippe and hence did not notice the difference. Among other illustrators even Holland shows the true northern specimens (compare fig. 6 with fig. 6a). The under sides remain about the same, except that the red color is more widely spread which probably causes the con- stant difference noticeable on the upper sides.
?.—(Allotype, fig. 7.) Expanse: 61 mm.
Same descriptive difference holds good. The females are larger which is generally true in the argynnids.
Data: Holotype ¢ (Author’s Coll.), Los Angeles, Los An- geles County, California, May 26, 1919. Allotype ? (Author’s Coll.), Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California, May 20, 1920. Paratypes 11-3 and 5-2, same locality and similar dates, in collections of Mr. Chas. Ingham and author. Paratypes and topotypes will be deposited with the Southwest Museum,
XXXVI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9
Los Angeles, and the Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.
Named for Dr. John Adams Comstock, Los Angeles, Cali- fornia.
Note: Gratitude is expressed to Mr. Chas. Ingham, Secretary Lorquin Entomological Club, Los Angeles, California, for loan of many specimens for comparison.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fig. L—Brephidium exilis Bdv. ab. ? coolidgei nov. aberr. (under side).
Fig. 1—Brephidium exilis Bdyv. (typical ?-under side).
Fig. ll—Brephidium evilis Bdv. (showing 5 wings).
Fig. M—Phuilotes battoides Behr. var. bernardino B. & McD. ab. 2 baldyensis nov. aberr. (under side). Fig. mm—Philotes battoides Behr, var. bernardino B. & McD. (typical ?-under side).
Fig. N—Plebeius monticola Clem. ab. 2 pallida nov. aberr.
Fig. nn—Flebeius monticola Clem. (typical-?).
Fig. O—Glaucopsyche xerces Bdv. form mertila Edw. ab. ¢ huguenini noy. aberr. (under side).
Fig. oo—Glaucopsyche xerces Bdv. form mertila Edw. (typi- cal d-under side).
Fig. P—Phaedrotes piasus Bdv. var. catalina Reak. ab. ¢ gorgoniot nov. aberr. (under side).
Fig. pp—Phaedrotes piasus Bdv. var. catalina Reak. (typical d-under side).
Fig. Q—Anthocharis sara Bdy. form reakirti Edw. ab. ¢ stermitzkyi nov. aberr.
Fig. qq—Anthocharis sara Bdy. form reakirti Edw. (typi- cal-3).
Fig. R—Zerene eurydice Bdv. ab. S newcombi nov. aberr.
Fig. S—Basilarchia lorquini Bdv. ab. 5 comstocki nov. aberr.
Fig. T—Dione vanillae L. ab. S comstocki nov. aberr.
Fig. U—Leptotes marina Reak. ab. violacea nov. aberr.
Fig. uu—Leptotes marina Reak. (typical-?).
Figs, 1, 2, 3—Philotes sonorensis Feld. form comstocki male (fig. 1), female (fig. 2), male (under side, fig. 3).
Figs. la, 2a, 3a—Philotes sonorensis Feld. typical male (fig. la), typical female (fig. 2A), typical male, under side (fig. 3a).
Figs. 4-5a—Polites sabuleti Bdv. var. comstocki nov. var. male (fig. 4), male, under side (fig. 4a), female (fig. 5), female, under side (fig. 5a).
Figs. 6-7—Argynnis calippe Bdv. var. comstocki nov. var. male (fig. 6), female (fig. 7).
Fig. 6a—Argynnis calippe Bdv. typical male (fig. 6a).
10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. jan; 25
A Preliminary List of the Ants of Kansas’ (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). By Wm. P. Hayes, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station.
The ants occurring in Kansas have given little concern to collectors and, consequently, our knowledge of the different species in the state is meager. Only four general lists of Kansas Hymenoptera with records of ants found within the boundaries of the state are available. Snow’s list of Kansas Hymenoptera is conspicuous by its lack of specific reference to ants and only two are cited with generic names. Bridwell (1899), in his “List of Kansas Hymenoptera,” makes reference to 15 ants occurring in Kansas and among these only four were specifically identified. These records were made from specimens in the State Agricultural College collection and in the collection of 3aker University. Tucker (1909), in a list of “Hymenoptera collected in Kansas and Colorado,” enumerates 21 Kansas ants, most of which were collected in the vicinity of Lawrence. The fourth list which contains reference to Kansas ants is found in Volume 30 of the Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science in which Crevecoeur (1922) in “Additions to the List of Kansas Hymenoptera” mentions 27 ants. Of these, eight are without specific or varietal designation, and four of the remain- der were previously reported in the Tucker list.
The writer collected a number of ants in Cowley County in 1914 and in 1915. These were determined by Dr. W. M. Wheeler. More recently, ants collected in the vicinity of Man- hattan by the writer and those in the collection of the Kansas State Agricultural College were determined by M. R. Smith of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Mississippi, one of the American authorities on the family Formicide to which the ants belong. Since these determinations include many ants previously unrecorded from the state, the following list was prepared which adds 31 species, subspecies, or varieties.
It is of interest to note that Kansas occupies an unique position in respect to the ant fauna of the United States. Here are found species whose range is northern, some which inhabit
i “Contribution No. 334 from the Entomological Laboratory, Kansas State Agricultural College.
KV Zo ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 11
the southern states, others from the eastern states and finally those found only in the western states. With this ideal collect- ing ground, it is more than probable that by systematic collecting a large number of other species may be found in the state. It is probable, therefore, that the list here presented is far
from complete.” PONERINAE.
STIGMATOMMA PALLIPES Haldeman. This species was col- lected by the writer April 14, 1914, at Winfield, and determined by Wheeler. Its colony was found under a stone which also sheltered a colony of Solenopsis molesta Say. Specimens deter- mined by M. R. Smith are in the Kansas Agricultural College collection from Riley County, collected by J. B. Norton, April 30. The range of this species as given in Wheeler’s list is Canada to Texas and hence it can be expected to be found widely scattered over the state. This is believed to be a new record for the state, however.
PROCERATIUM CROCEUM Roger. Tucker (1909, p. 288) cites the occurrence of this species in Kansas with the following comment: ‘‘Proceratium croceum Roger, Kansas, Lawrence; August, a single male specimen; ‘probably this species,’ accord- ing to Professor W. M. Wheeler, who further remarked: ‘This is an extremely rare ant—with the exception of a male of P. crassicorne in my collertion—the only known male of this inter- esting genus. The workers.are yellow and live in small colonies in rotten wood in rich forests.” New to Kansas list.” The range of this species, according to Wheeler, is “Southern states to Texas-’
PONERA COARCTATA subsp. PENNSYLVANICA (Buckley) Emery.
Workers of this species were collected by the writer in Riley County. In the Agricultural College collection are workers collected by J. B. Norton, March 20. These specimens were determined by M. R. Smith as merely Ponera pennsylvanica. In the Crevecoeur list, two separate species are cited as Ponera coarctata Latr. and Ponera pennsylvanica. It is believed that there has been a misconception of these two names and that both refer to this species and subspecies.
*Acknowledgments: The writer is indebted to Dr. W. M. Wheeler and Mr. M. R. Smith for the identification of specimens. The authority for determinations where cited are referred to by the use of initials W. M. W., and M. R. S. To Mr. Smith the writer is also further indebted for supplying the names of several Kansas ants in his own collection. The references to the range of species, when cited, are taken from Wheeler’s . List of Described North American Ants (1910), which is also followed in the order of arrangement.
12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan.; 25
The range of this species is the Northeastern states and Canada, according to the Wheeler list. It nests under stones and in rotten logs in small colonies and according to Wheeler
(1916, p. 581) the males and females appear in late August and a September.
P. TRIGONA var. opactor Forel. Mr. M. R. Smith of the Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College writes that he has specimens of this species in his collection from Kansas. It has not previously been recorded in state lists. It 1s recorded
by Wheeler as a Texas species. DorYLINAE,
Eciron (AcAMaATUS) scHMitTtr1 Emery. Workers of this species were collected by J. B. Norton, in Riley County, on April 28 and September 27, which have been determined by M. R. Smith and are now in the collection of the State Agri- cultural College. Smith also has this species in his collection from Kansas. It is recorded in the Crevecoeur list as Eciton schmitt. The range of this species is Texas to Missouri and Colorado (Wheeler ).
E. (ACAMATUS) OPACITHORAX Emery. Workers of this species were collected by the writer in April, 1916, and were determined by M. R. Smith. The record is thought to be new for the state. Wheeler’s check list gives the distribution of this species from Texas to Missouri and Smith~ (1916, @;) records its occurrence in South Carolina with a later notation (1918, p. 18) that the workers “‘have vestigial eyes, hence lead hypogeeic or subterranean lives. Specimens were captured while they were trailing over the ground in single file.”
E. (ACAMATUS) COMMUTATUS Emery. Workers of this species determined by Wheeler were collected by the writer April 19, 1914, at Winfield. This is a southern form recorded only from Texas in the Wheeler list and this record of its occurrence in Kansas gives a new state record. M. R. Smith also has this species from Kansas in his collection.
E. sp. Seven males in the State Agricultural College collec- tion were placed in this genus by M. R. Smith. They were collected iby, G.aL,; Marlatt in September, probably in Riley County. These are probably the specimens cited in the Bridwell list from the State Agricultural collection as Eciton sp.
E. (ACAMATUS) NIGRESCENS Cresson. This species has not been seen by the writer, but is recorded in the Wheeler list as occurring from Kansas to Texas, and M. R. Smith has speci- mens from this state.
(To be continued)
MK KVES 25 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13
Three New Nearctic Tachinidae (Dipt.).* 3y C. Howarp Curran, Ottawa, Ontario.
Synopses of the Genera Linnaemyia and Microphthalma are given herewith together with descriptions of new species. In the latter genus only two species are recognized from the Nearctic region in Aldrich’s “Catalogue.” I have not seen pruinosa Coq. and it is omitted from the key.
Linnaemyia R. D.
This genus is allied to Ernestia and has much the same habitus. The palpi are reduced, sometimes not over four times as long as wide, at others fully ten times, or almost equal in length to the second section of the proboscis. The length of the palpi cannot be considered generic, nor can the presence of more than one pair of discals on the intermediate abdominal segments. The characters limiting the genus may be briefly defined as follows : epistoma produced ; eyes densely pilose ; antenna reach- ing almost to the vibrissae, third joint long and broad; palpi reduced, slender, more or less tapering, never swollen apically. Bend of fourth vein with strong appendage, the ultimate section of the vein strongly oblique, joining the costa far before the tip ; abdomen robust, with at least one pair of discal macrochaetae on the second and third segments. Beneath the inner base of the squamae a row or group of black spinules.
The appendiculate fourth vein and reduced palpi, as_ well as larger antennae, distinguish the genus from Mericia. Ernestia and Bonnetia both lack the spinules beneath the squamae.
Key TO SPECIES.T
1. Only one pair of posterior acrostical bristles, anthracina Thoms. Maree pairstotepesterior acrosticalsiers..). ste. 4 van “Gee 2 Genital segments of ¢ red; fourth segment of female whollyjor broadly red anjapex .oc.c)2. ene eisaiae aoe 3 Genital segments of ¢ black; female abdomen _ en- tinely: black, Izabradon)@s.5 Wa. see) 6x: varia n. sp.
*Contribution from the Division of Entomology, Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agric., Ottawa.
{| Bonnetia compta 1, may be readily distinguished by the soft-haired cheeks and absence of spinules below the inner base of the squama.
tN
14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (jan 725
3. Fourth segment of female entirely red; palpi not over four times as long as wide; shorter than thickness of proboscis at point of attachment) (Jamaica),
compactus Curran Fourth abdominal segment of female with basal half black 3. 6 soho ohn ee at) 2: a + 4. Palpi brown; second and third abdominal segments with a single pair of discals (widespread), haemorrhoidalis Fabr. Palpi opaque black, longer; second and third abdomi- nal segments with two to five pairs of discals in irregular rows (British Columbia). ..nigrescens n. sp.
Linnaemyia varia n. sp.
6. Length 11 mm. Antennae velvety black, with greyish sheen, second joint elongate, the third almost twice as long, its apex oblique, the corners rounded; arista black, wholly thick- ened, slightly tapering, microscopically pubescent; second seg- ment enlarged at apex, four times as long as wide. Head black, the upper and anterior border of the cheeks, a triangle outside the facial ridges below and the depression of the facialia, red- dish yellow. Face, pale portions of cheeks and lower two-thirds of front silvery white pollinose; back of head grey pollinose except broadly along the orbits on the upper half. Front a little wider than one eye; frontal vitta reddish brown, wider than parafrontal; frontal bristles fairly strong, strongly diverging below, reaching the middle of the second antennal joint; the upper pair much stronger than the others; verticals fairly strong, not duplicated. Cheeks half the eye height. Palpi brown, not much longer than second antennal joint, slender, flattened, their sides practically parallel, ending in two fine bristles, the lower one two-thirds as long as the palpus.
Scutellum reddish, the base black. Pleura thinly greyish pol- linose; pile of thorax stout, fairly long. Legs black, apices of femora narrowly reddish. Anterior tibiae with an entire row of fairly long antero-dorsal bristles, a row of shorter postero- dorsal, and an incomplete row of posterior bristles. Middle tibiae with similar rows, the posterior row composed of two or three bristles and there are two or three ventrals beyond the middle; posterior tibiae with a complete row of long antero- dorsals, an incomplete row of postero-dorsals, abbreviated at either end, and three antero-ventral bristles. Squamae white. Halteres yellow, the stem somewhat infuscated. Wings cinerous hyaline, the veins black.
Abdomen shining black, the sides sometimes reddish; from
Seow vi 25) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 15
posterior view thinly greyish pollinose, except the immediate apex of the third and hind margin of the fourth segments. Second segment with discals and marginals on the median fourth, the first, second and third, with lateral marginals and sub-marginals, the third with discals on median fourth and marginal row; fourth segment with bristles on practically the whole surface. Genitalia black ; posterior forceps tapering from base to apical fourth, thence with parallel sides, the apex wid- ened, convex on either side, the tip rather rectangular; outer forceps rather broad, slightly tapering, their apex rounded, with a small projecting tooth on the outer side below the middle.
2. Readily distinguished from allied species by the wholly black abdomen. Only one pair of discals on second and third abdominal segments.
Holotype, 6, Hopedale, Labrador, June 12, 1924, (Rev. Perrett) ; No. 1250 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
Allotype, 2, same locality, July 28, 1922.
Paratype, 6, same locality, June 23, 1922.
Linnaemyia nigrescens n. sp.
Length 11 mm. Differs from varia as follows: first joint of arista as broad as long, the second three times as long as wide; whole middle of face and epistoma yellow, the cheeks brownish yellow. Front not quite as wide as one eye. Scutellum black, the apex more or less reddish. Abdominal bristles a little more extensive, the laterals on the middle of the third segment almost connected with the discals. Genitalia reddish; the forceps shin- ing black; posterior forceps more evenly tapering, narrower before the apex, tooth of outer forceps stronger.
Holotype, 8, Hedley, British Columbia, July 23, 1923, (C. Garrett); No. 1251 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
The yellow epistoma and pale cheeks will readily separate this species from the preceding.
Microphthalma Macq.
It seems probable that Microphthalma is a synonym of Mega- prosopus Macq., but without the genotype of the latter before me I cannot decide. The species before me are therefore treated under the former name. According to Macquart’s figure (Plate 10, f. 2) the apical cell ends in the tip of the wing in M. nigra,
16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 25
while the figure of Megaprosopus (fig. 1) shows the venation of M. disjuncta, but a much more robust abdomen than occurs
in males of Microphthalma.
The species of this genus are parasitic upon “white grubs” and the series secured from Hemmingford, Quebec, have been captured in the vicinity of pastures, etc., which have been prac- tically destroyed by the grubs. Many specimens haye been reared from pupae in this region.
MicroPHTHALMA—TABLE OF SPECIES. 1. Three postsutural dorsocentral bristles; pollen of mesonotum) ochreous Sneys.¢255 (ene oe oe eee 2 Four postsuturals or if the third one weak, the space between the second and fourth much greater than between the first and second; pollen of mesonotum slaty grey to rusty brownish on the disk; sides of abdomen of ¢ usually reddish....phyllophagae n. sp. 2. Apical half of each segment shining black, not polli- nose when viewed from behind (nigra Macq.), disjuncta Wd. Abdomen wholly pollinose when viewed from behind, michiganensis Fn-. Microphthalma phyllophagae n. sp.
é. Length 8to 15 mm. Cheeks, from ventral view, dull red- dish brown; sides of face silvery greyish pollinose with more or less strong golden brown tinge; parafrontals deep ochreous, becoming paler at the orbits; median vitta reddish, margined with brown or brown above; hairs on sides of face and front bristle-like, strong. Back of head ochreous above, grey on lower two-fifths ; front two-thirds as wide as either eye. Palpi short, broad, reddish with infuscated base. Antennae reddish, the third joint brownish red on apical three-fourths in most speci- mens, sometimes wholly reddish; arista blackish, with reddish basal joints and short black pubescence.
Mesonotum rusty brownish with a pair of slender median vittae on the anterior two-thirds and a broader, interrupted sub- lateral one on either side, tapering to either end. The pollen varies in color to slaty grey in occasional specimens to quite brownish at times; sides with paler pollen, the pleura grey. Four postsutural dorsocentrals, the third (from the rear) weaker than the others, rarely not differentiated, in which case the second and fourth bristles are widely spaced, leaving room for the third ; normally three sterno-pleurals, rarely an adventi- tious fourth,
xxv Zo] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 17
Legs black, tibiae usually reddish brown or brownish red except the apices; femora thinly greyish pollinose except above. Pulvilli pallidly brownish, their base brown; all the claws long.
Wings cinereous hyaline, with yellowish tinge in mature specimens and yellow base. Squamae whitish. Halteres red- dish, the stem and base of knob more or less infuscated.
Abdomen normally with the first and fourth segments and median fourth of the other two black in ground color, the fourth segment often also reddish, in which case the median vitta is quite narrow, or there may be only a reddish tinge towards the sides, the venter of the second, third, and often the fourth segments, reddish, abdomen wholly greyish pollinose, somewhat tessellate. Genitalia reddish except the base. First and second segments each with one lateral marginal, the second and third each with a median marginal pair, the third with three (rarely two or four) lateral marginal bristles; fourth segment with sub-apical and pre-apical row of four or five pairs of bristles.
@. Front wider than one eye; two orbitals. Pollen of front and thorax rusty brown; thorax more often with only three postsutural dorsocentrals.
Holotype, 6, Hemmingford, Quebec, August 15, 1924, (G, H. Hammond) ; No. 1224 in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa.
Allotype, 2, August 15, otherwise same data.
Paratypes, 60 6,40 2, same locality and collector, many of them reared, August 8th to 30th, 1924. In addition I have specimens from the Ottawa district and Manitoba, and about 40 other specimens from Hemmingford and Covey Hill, Quebec. There is also a series of specimens from New York in the Cornell University Collection.
The genitalia are very similar to those of M. michiganensis but the claspers are less narrowed and not acute at the apex, while the forceps are a little more concave behind the smooth surface. The wholly pollinose abdomen in both sexes at once precludes this from being disjuwncta Wied.
Microphthalma michiganensis Tns.
I have five pairs of this species from Manitoba. The meso- notum is rather evenly ochraceous grey pollinose and the vittae, very narrow, the outer ones, but little evident. Like phyllo- phagae, the abdomen is wholly pollinose when viewed from behind. Otherwise it agrees more with disjuncta.
1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jaiy,725
(o,2)
Microphthalma disjuncta Wied.
A single male from Macdiarmid, Lake Nipigon, Ontario, agrees perfectly with Wiedemann’s description of disjuncta. The abasal half of the second, third and fourth segments is silvery greyish white pollinose while the apical half is shining black. M. nigra Macq. has been placed as a synonym of dis- juncta but this disposition of migra may not be correct. Mac- quart’s figure shows the arista with long pubescence (or plu- mose?). His assertion, “Abdonien d’un noir un peu bleuatre avec quelques reflets gris,’ does not apply so well to phyllo- phagae as to michiganensis female (1 have no female of dis- juncta), provided the thorax has been wet and the pollen not evident. Macquart’s specimen evidently had the thorax dis- colored. However, it is possible that the species described here as new is actually nigra Macq., but this does not seem likely. Two additional males from Mississippi agree with the Mac- diarmid specimen.
New Mites of the Family Dermanyssidae (Acarina).
By H. E. Ewine, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriéulture.
In the following short paper five new species are described ; one of Serpenticola, one of Leiognathus, two of Liponyssus and one of Dermanyssus. All types are catalogued and deposited in the United States National Museum.
Serpenticola easti, new species.
2. Medium-sized, when fully engorged, over twice as large as when unfed. Palpi moderate, extending slightly beyond the tips of first femora; palpal spur divided to its base. Anterior dorsal shield as broad as long, widest slightly behind its middle, subtruncate behind and not extending beyond coxae IV. Setae of anterior dorsal shield as follows: An anterior marginal pair situated at the anterior corners of shield; three pairs of lateral marginal setae, one of which is situated at the broadest part of the shield; four submedian pairs, the most anterior of these being much nearer the median line than the others; a single other pair situated between the last lateral marginal pair and the third submedian pair. Posterior dorsal shield minute, slightly emarginate in front but otherwise almost circular; situated
FUR VI, 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 19
almost directly above the anal shield. Peritreme short, scarcely extending forward as far as the middle of coxae II, almost straight. Sternum fully twice as broad as long, concave behind ; with two pairs of setae, one on front margin, submedian in position and one on lateral margin, slightly in front of posterior corners of plate. Genito-ventral plate very long and sharply pointed posteriorly. It extends for almost one-half the distance from the posterior coxae to the anal plate and is without setae. Anal plate broadly and evenly rounded in front and with mod- erate scobinate area posteriorly ; anal opening with a rim of uniform thickness and situated less than one-half its greatest diameter from the anterior margin. Paired anal setae situated somewhat in front of the posterior margin of anus, in length equal to the greatest diameter of the anus; posterior anal seta situated at about one-half the distance from the anal opening to the posterior end of anal plate. Legs moderate; first pair the longest. Length, 1.17 mm; width, 0.75 mm. ¢, unknown.
Type-locality, (?). Type-slide, Cat. No. 895, U. S. N. M.
Described from five females taken from a western lizard, Sceloporus graciosus, kept in captivity by C. S. East. This species is related to S. serpentium (Hirst), but differs from Hirst’s species in the shape of the anterior dorsal shield, the number of setae on this shield and in a few other characters.
Leiognathus brevipes, new species.
?. A rather small, stout-legged species. Palpi stout, extend- ing slightly beyond the tips of anterior femora. Dorsal shield large, almost as broad as the cephalothorax. Peritreme long, curved, extending beyond the second coxae. Sternal plate broader than long. Anal plate about two-thirds as broad as long, broadly rounded in front and with a conspicuous, scobinate area at the posterior end. Anal opening about one and one-half times as long as broad, with a rim of uniform thickness and situated about its greatest diameter from the anterior margin of anal plate. Paired anal setae rather small, situated slightly in front of the posterior margin of anal opening; posterior anal seta about the same size as paired anal setae and situated about one- half the distance from the posterior margin of the anal opening to the tip of anal plate. Legs stout, first pair the longest. Femur I but slightly longer than broad; patella I about as long as broad ; tibia I equal to patella I; tarsus I equal to tibia I plus patella I and with sides parallel. Tarsal claws of all legs stout and not surpassing pulvilli. Length, 0.56 mm. ; width, 0.27 mm. é, unknown.
20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Eau 2
Type-locality, East Falls Church, Virginia. Type-slide, Cat. No. 896, U.S. N. M.
Described from several females taken by E. A. Chapin from a scarlet tanager, Piranga erythromelas, East Falls Church, Virginia, May 6, 1923. In this species the body is strongly con- stricted between the cephalothorax and abdomen. The species is more nearly related to L. constrictus Ewing, but differs from L. constrictus in having a broader dorsal shield, less prominent anal setae, stouter legs and in a few other characters.
Liponyssus robustipes, new species.
2. A stout species with enlarged second legs. Palpi short, hardly reaching the tips of the first femora. Dorsal shield large, covering most of the cephalothorax and extending posteriorly to beyond the anus. Peritreme long and sinuous, extending for- ward to the middle of the first coxae. Setae of body stout, straight, simple and peg-like. Sternal plate twice as broad as long; front margin almost straight, posterior margin deeply concave; four sternal setae present, first pair near the front margin, second pair near the posterior angles. Genito-ventral plate long, pointed behind, extending over half way from the last pair of coxae to the anal plate and bearing a single pair of setae situated between the posterior coxae. Anal plate broadly rounded in front and with a conspicuous scobinate area at the tip. Anus situated about two-thirds its greatest diameter from the front margin of anal plate, its rim thicker in front and behind than at the sides. Paired anal setae situated in front of the posterior margin of anal opening; posterior anal seta situ- ated more than half the distance from the anus to the tip of anal plate. Legs rather large and long; second pair decidedly enlarged. Patella I almost as long as femur I; tibia I subequal to patella 1; tarsus I slightly tapering and about as long as tibia I plus patella I. Femur II broader than long; patella II subequal to femur IT; tibia II as long as patella II but not so stout ; tarsus IT tapering, not as long as tibia II plus patella II. Length, 0.63 mm.; width, 0.41 mm. 4, not known.
Type-locality, (?). Type-slide, Cat. No. 897, U. S. N. M.
Described from several females, taken from a bat, Tadarida mexicana, March 5, 1924 (Bishopp, No. 11346). This species differs from other described American bat-infesting species of
Liponyssus in having the second pair of legs much stouter than the others.
SM, 725] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 21
Liponyssus chilensis, new species.
2. Palpi short, slightly longer than femur I. Dorsal plate large, broad, pointed behind. Body setae small, almost minute. Peritreme long, curved, but not sinuous. Sternum broader than long, with projecting posterior lateral processes and provided with three pairs of setae; the first pair on the front margin, the second pair at the base of the posterior projections and the third pair at the tips of these projections. Anal plate broadly rounded in front and with a conspicuous scobinate area at tip. Anus with rim of uniform thickness, situated two-thirds its greatest diameter from the front margin of anal plate. Paired anal setae small, situated at the level of posterior margin of anus. Posterior anal seta subequal to paired anal setae and situated at the front margin of scobinate area. Coxae without spines except for the second pair. In front, coxa II has a large, blade- like spine. Patella I and tibia I subequal; tarus I not equal to tibia I plus patella I. Length, about 0.80 mm. ; width, 0.45 mm. 6, unknown.
Type-locality, Chile. Type-slide, Cat. No. 898, U. S. N. M.
Described from a single female taken from a bat, Tadarida brasiliensis, by C. E. Porter in Chile (probably at Valparaiso). The presence of but a single pair of coxal spines which are located on the second coxae, distinguishes this species from the other American bat-infesting forms.
Dermanyssus oti, new species.
@. A small stout species. Palpi stout, yet extending to the bases of the tibiae of the short anterior legs. Dorsal plate shield-shaped, broadest slightly. in front of its middle ; not sharp- pointed behind but narrowly rounded. Peritreme very short, not much longer than coxa III, once curved. Sternal plate a strongly arched band of chitin bearing three pairs of subequal, long setae. Genito-ventral plate a tongue of chitin reaching to the middle of the abdomen. Anal plate broadly egg-shaped in outline. Anus with rim much thickened behind, situated about two-thirds its greatest diameter from the tip of anal plate. Paired anal setae situated slightly in front of a line drawn through the middle of anus. Posterior anal seta subequal to paired anal seta and situated almost contiguous with the pos- terior margin of anus. Legs short and stout, all shorter than the body. Femur I broader than long; patella I subequal with femur I; tibia I not so broad but longer than patella I; tarsus I scarcely equal to the combined length of tibia and patella. Length, 0.63 mm. ; width, 0.39 mm. ¢, not known.
22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [jan 20
i
Type-locality, Bloomington, Indiana. Type-slide, Cat. No. 899, U. S. N. M.
Described from two females taken from a screech owl, Otus asio asio, by R. M. Howe, at Bloomington, Indiana. The mites were stated to be most numerous on the head and face of the host. This species is very distinct because of its short stout legs.
Work on the United States National Museum Collec- tion of Muscoid Diptera from 1914 to 1919. By Cuartes H. T. TOwNSEND, Itaquaquecetuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
In order to prevent misconceptions arising from what has already been published, or may be published in the future, it becomes desirable to make a detailed statement regarding the work I did on the muscoid collection from August, 1914, to March, 1919, while acting as honorary custodian of the same. Sundry and various acts and omissions, of which I am not guilty, but which, were they true, would reflect seriously on my standing as a muscoid student, have been attributed to me in recent scattered articles and papers. By referring to the following statements, anyone may judge for himself as to the truth or falsity of all such imputations.
The system I adopted was to make a careful study of all the genotypes possible to secure and arrange them in convenient tribes. This would immensely augment the working value of the collection, and also verify synonymy. The first and most important step was to have as many authentically determined genotypes as possible for comparison in the routine work of determinations.
First of all, I verified separately in the literature every geno- type designation for all the muscoid genera of the world, and published the necessary supplementary notes to bring the records to date.
I donated a large number of holotypes and allotypes of my own genotypes recently erected, and the collection already con-
tained a great many genotypes of mine described in former years.
SOK, ZO) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 23
I collected a large amount of material in both the East and West of the United States, which furnished many more geno- types.
I arranged exchanges of material with Dr. Bezzi, of Italy, and Dr. Villeneuve, of France, in order to secure authentic speci- mens of European genotypes.
I secured many genotypes by working up material from abroad in both large and small lots, notably Asiatic and South American.
I succeeded in identifying many further genotypes amongst the undetermined material in the collection, and erected new genera as needed.
Most of the Coquillett holotypes were in the collection, also various holotypes of other North American authors.
Altogether, I had assembled in the collection some 800 geno- types of muscoid flies up to the time I left, all of which I had studied.
After a genotype had been studied by me and the determina- tion verified, it was placed in a separate small tray, having been first labeled by me, unless it already bore the label of Bezzi or Villeneuve or a type label. |
Outside of holotypes and allotypes so labeled, all specimens that I studied with any finality bore my own labels or those of Bezzi or Villeneuve.
Other specimens which had not been definitely studied by me, but which appeared on casual inspection to be possibly identical with or closely allied to a labeled genotype, were often placed in the same tray with the specimen or specimens of the said genotype, awaiting complete study of the unlabeled mate- rial. This was done so that the specimens in question might not be lost sight of, but would be at hand for comparison with the said genotype when it became possible to give them! detailed study.
So far as practicable, | also brought together from the litera- ture the characters of genotypes not in the collection, and ar- ranged all the muscoid genera in something over 100 tribes.
All references in my published writings and manuscript
94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | Jans 25
notes to any given genus refer only to the genotype of said genus, unless otherwise stated.
~The characters of genotypes employed by me in my work were secured either from holotypes, allotypes, specimens deter- mined by Bezzi, Villeneuve and myself, or from authentic draw- ines and descriptions of Brauer and Bergenstamm and other - authors, in each case verified by me as to the species under con- sideration.
All the above activities pertained to the first step in the work. The second step was to complete sorting the vast material into the trays and study every unlabeled specimen in detail. This had not yet been begun when I left Washington for Brazil, nor had it even been possible to get the genotype trays all arranged in their proper taxonomic order in the metal cases of drawers.
From the above statements of fact, it is clear that I am not to be held personally responsible either for serial taxonomic arrangement of the collection or for supposed determination of any unlabeled specimens, or for omission of such determination, or for supposed overlooking of specimens in species already studied by me, as shown by my labeled specimens, or for sup- posed comparisons of material with other than authentically determined genotype material.
I should add that I not only left a full generic index to the determined genotype material in the trays, but I also sent to the Museum later on a detailed manuscript assignment of genera to their respective tribes, as I had worked them out and revised them after several years of subsequent study, in order to serve as an aid to students in the use of the collection.
Burroughs and Bugs.
Recent biographers of our late nature lover, John Burroughs, have lamented the fact that he did not include in his writings some of the wonders of the insect world. This recalls to my mind my first meeting with Burroughs, some fifteen years ago, when I told him that my interest was entirely in entomology. I shall hardly forget his reply: “Well, I ain’t much on bugs!”
Kart R. Cooiipce, Hollywood, California.
scooxeya, 25) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25
Two New Saturnids from South America (Lepid.). By W. Scuaus, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Ormiscodes schreiteri, new species.
3.—Palpi, throat and legs morocco red. Head olive brown. Thorax and abdomen above black, the basal segment morocco red, the others showing denuded segmental lines, the anal hairs xanthine orange; abdomen below white overlaid with light brownish olive hairs; sublateral white spots with lateral white points.
Fore wing: a dusky brown oblique streak from base of costa to inner margin, followed by a large triangular white space, its base on costa; medial space dusky drab, somewhat mottled, with white on costa and inner margin ; the end of cell blackish brown, with a short white streak on median; a large white reniform spot across disco-cellular from vein 3 to subcostal, containing a baryta yellow spot mottled with black bristly scales, and emit- ting a white, branch on vein 5; terminal third slightly paler than medial space; a postmedial whitish patch from costa to vein 6, and a vertical white line from: vein 3 to inner margin; a broad whitish subterminal fascia, inbent from costa to vein 5, then outbent to termen at vein 3 and tornus.
Hind wing thinly scaled, the base and termen suffused with brownish drab, the latter also mottled with white; a faint spot on discocellular edged with white, morocco red hairs on base of inner margin.
Wings below whitish with traces of dusky drab lines, the large discal spot of fore wing seen in transparency as entirely white.
Expanse 68 mm.
Habitat—Tucuman, Argentine Republic. Type—Cat. No.
2G29, 20 SNE.
Dirphia lulesa, new species.
3$.—Head, palpi and throat tawny. Collar and thorax brown- ish olive with a few long whitish hairs, the patagia crossed by a white bar and tipped with morocco red, similar tufts on mieta- thorax. Abdomen mars yellow with transverse black lines expanding dorsally ; lateral white spots; venter brownish drab with transverse mars yellow and tawny lines. Femora thickly clothed with tawny hairs, the tibiae and tarsi black, the tibiae with long white fringe.
Fore wing whitish irrorated with light drab and pale drab gray, also with hair brown scales on disc and still more on
26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | bam; 25 terminal space ; base below cell to vein 2 and inner margin dark grayish olive mottled with some long whitish hairs and some morocco red hairs at base of inner margin, limited by a lunular black line crossed by a finer mars yellow line; a few black and yellow hairs in cell above the line ; a hessian brown bar on disco- cellular, its base resting on a similar line on median between veins 3 and 4 and projecting slightly at vein 5, entirely edged with black and mars yellow scales; an outer fine line faintly incurved of black and mars yellow scales from vein 7 to inner margin, a triangular dusky shade from it expanding on costa; an incurved paler shade from apex to tornus defined by absence of black irrorations ; veins terminally mars yellow.
Hind wing whitish irrorated with drab and hair brown on outer margin forming a terminal band and a subterminal line, the latter black towards inner margin; costa and disc to post- medial line suffused with flesh pink, the base, cell and inner margin to postmedial with long jasper pink hairs; postmedial line thick, black, incurved below costa then evenly outcurved ; a large round black spot over discocellular, its center irrorated with light blue scales; veins terminally mars yellow.
Fore wing below whitish, the costa, cell and beyond near outer line apricot buff, also the veins to termen, the terminal interspaces irrorated with drab and apricot buff; an oval black spot over discocellular containing some whitish scales.
Hind wing below whitish thickly irrorated with drab and apricot buff suftusions on costa and postmedially ; a white line on discocellular edged with cinnamon rufous; a faint dark line straight from costa near apex to beyond middle of inner margin; the veins apricot buff.
Expanse 58 mm.
Habitat—Lules, Argentine Republic. Type.—Cat. No. 27626, Uns NEM:
Belongs to the group of D. latemedia Druce, placida Schs. and tusina Schs., having the basal spot on inner margin of fore wing as in those species, and is immediately distinguished by the ocellus of hind wing.
Strymon loki Skinner—A Correction. (Lepid., Lycaenidae).
I learn from Dr. John Adams Comstock that the life-history of the butterfly I described in Entomological News, June, 1924, is not that of Joki Skinner, but of siva Edwards.
IKArRL R. Cootimpce, Hollywood, California.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, Pa., JANUARY, 1925.
An International Congress of Entomology in 1925?
The following is from a letter received by Dr. Henry Skinner, as a member of the Executive Committee of the Third International Congress of Entomology, which it had been orig- inally planned te hold in Vienna in 1915.
“It has been proposed from various sides in England and abroad that the Third International Congress of Entomology be held in 1925 in a neutral country, where entomologists of the belligerent countries could meet without embarrassment, and Switzerland has been suggested as a suitable place. I have been assured that English entomologists would welcome such a proposal and would attend the Congress. I think Zurich would be the most suitable town and August (first half) most con- venient for the majority of entomologists. What do you think? I consider it very important that the younger entomologists, who have entered the field since 1912 (Oxford Congress), should become imbued with the idea of permanency of the Inter- national Congress and the solidarity of science, whatever the feelings of an entomologist as a citizen of this or that country may be. Switzerland is well worth visiting and should prove attractive to many entomologists who have not yet been in the Alps. If your opinion and that of other members of the Executive Committee are favorable to the proposal expressed above, we can take definite steps and I shall keep you informed of all we are doing in this connection.
With kind regards, Sincerely yours, K. JORDAN.”
The News is glad to give publicity to this letter and thus bring the proposal which it contains before the entomologists of America. Dr. Skinner favors the plan and will attend the Congress if possible. We shall be glad to welcome expressions of opinion from our readers.
How to Meet the Rising Costs of Publication.
For years, since the close of the World War, the News has looked forward to a time when the costs of printing and of en- graving would decline, enabling it to return to something like its pre-war condition in size, illustrations and subscription price. These hopes, alas, have not been realized. On the contrary, the cost of manufacture for 1925 is greater than that for 1924
27
28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ian. 25
and we must meet the situation as best we can. The subscrip- tion price for 1925 will not be increased, but it must be raised for 1926, or the size of the journal very greatly reduced. The latter plan would deprive you of reading matter and would meet with disfavor by authors who even now find it difficult to have their papers published with any degree of promptness. In favor of an increase of the subscription are the present relatively lower price of the News, as compared with most American entomological journals, and the monthly classified list of the latest literature in our science from all parts of the world, a feature possessed by no other similar periodical.
We shall be glad to hear from our subscribers as to the best way in which these problems of publication and finance can be solved.
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotie species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph at the end of. their respective orders. Those containing descriptions of new genera and species occurring north of Mexico are preceded by an *.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
4—Canadian Entomologist. 5—Psyche. 7—Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine. 9—The Entomologist. 10—Proceed- ings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 13— Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal. 14— Entomologische Zeit., Frankfurt a.M. 17—-Entomologische Rundschau, Stuttgart. 18—Internationale Entomolog. Zeit., Guben. 20—Societas Entomologica, Stuttgart. 23—Bollet- tino del Laboratorio di Zool. Gen. e Agr., Portici. 24— Annales del la Societe Ent. de France. 39—The Florida Entomologist. 41—Bulletin de la Societe Ent. Suisse. 55— The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 61—Proceedings of the California Acad. of Sciences. 71—Novitates Zoologicae. 75—Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 78—Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique. 90—The Ameri- can Naturalist. 98—Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Liverpool. 102—Broteria, Ser. Zool., Braga.
kx xvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 22
139—Bulletin of the So. California Acad. Sciences. 147— Archiv f. Mikroskopische Anatomie u. Entwicklungsmech- anik, Berlin. 150—Jenaische Zeit. f. Naturwissenschaft.
GENERAL. Aue.—Die insektenkunde als weg zur erkenntnis des schonen in der natur. 14, xxxviii, 45-6 (cont.) Blackman & Stage.—On the succession of insects living in the bark and wood of dying, dead and decaying hickory. (ech Puts) No. 17, (No .Y. Col. Forestry, ses, 1-269) Fullaway, D. T.—Insect collecting in Panama. (Hawaiian For. & Agric., xxi, 94-8.) Griep, B.—Ernste mahnung zur rechten zeit. 18, xviii, 178. MacGillivray, A. D.—Obituary notice. 7, xvii, 233. Oberthur, C.—Notice necrologique sur... 24, xcii, 163-78. Schjelderup, T.—Biologische eigen- _ tumlichkeiten bei insekten. 14, xxxviii, 41-2. Weiss, H. B. —More notes on fungus insects and their hosts. 5, xxxi,
236-7.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Baerg, W. J.—tThe effect of the venom of some supposedly poison- ous arthropods. 7, xvii, 343-52. Braun, A. F.—The frenulum and its retinaculum in the lepidoptera. 7, xvii, 234-57. Bretschneider, F.—Ueber die gehirne des eichenspinners und des seidenspinners. (Lasiocampa quercus and Bombyx mori). 150, Ix, 563-78. Bugnion, E.—Les organes buccaux de la scolie. 41, xiii, 368-96. Bugnion, E.—L’elevage du ver luisant provencal (Phausis delarouzeei). 78, Iviii, 500-5. Cappe de Baillon, P.—Recherches sur le gynandromor- phisme. (Orthopteres; Phasgonurides). (La Cellule, xxxiv, 71-129.) Evans, A. M.—Descriptions of new mosquitos from South America. 98, xviii, 363-75. Eyer, J. R—The comparative morphology of the male genitalia of the prim1- tive lepidoptera. 7, xvii, 275-342. Geiders, H.—Mundteile der honigbiene. (Mikrosk. f. Naturfr . . Berlin, ii, 247-8.) Grandi, G.—Studi sullo sviluppo postembrionale delle varie razze del Bombyx mori. 23, xvii, 3-40. Hirschler, J.— Technische hinweise zum operativen vorgehen (transplanta- tion, implantation u. a.) an amphibien-und insektenlarven. 147, ciii, 357-67. Janssens, F. A.—La chiasmatypie dans les insectes. (La Cellule, xxxiv, 135-355.) Knight, H. H.—On the nature of the color patterns in Heteroptera with data on the effects produced by temperature and humidity. 7, xvii, 258-74. Lineburg, B—Communication by scent in the honeybee—a theory. 90, lviii, 530-7. Meissner, O.—Zu Herrn Schjelderup Ebbes aufsatz ueber Gryllus campestris. 14, xxxviii, 39. Pictet, A——Recherches sur l’heredite chez les lepidopteres. 41, xiii, 358-9. Schulze, H.—Ueber die
30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Janz, 25
fuhlerhaltung von Habrobracon jugl. zugleich ein beitrag zur sinnesphysiologie und psychologie dieser schlupfwespen. 52, Ixi, 122-34. Seitz, A.—Zur phylogenie des insekten- stammes. 17, xli, 21-2 (cont.) Seitz, A.—Zur sinnestatig- keit der lepidopteren. 17, xli, 39-40.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Wymore, F. H.— Biology and control of the garden centipede. 13, xvi, 73-88.
*“Chamberlin, J. C—Hesperochermes laurae, a n. sp. of false scorpion from Cal. inhabiting the nest of Vespa. 5, xxxi, 89-92. Mello-Leitao.—Quelques arachnides nouveaux du Bresil. 24, xcii, 179-88. Silvestri, F.—Descrizione di un novo genere di Polydesmidae (Diplopoda) termitofilo di Gosta Rica. 23, xvii 172-5:
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Denis, J. R.—Sur les Collemboles du museum de Paris. 24, xcii, 211- 60. Longinos Navas, R. P.—Insectos de la America Central. 102, xxi, 55-91. *Snyder, T. E.—A non-subterranean termite in Virginia. 10, xxvi, 207-9. Watson, J. R.—Thysanoptera of N. A. Additions and a correction 39, viii, 29-30.
ORTHOPTERA. Grasse, P. P.—Etude biologique*sur Phaneroptera 4-punctata et Ph. falcata. 78, lviti, 454-72.
HEMIPTERA. Baker, C. F.—Nomenclatorial notes on the Jassoidea. (Phil. Jour. Sc:, xxiv, No. 3.) Barber, G. W) —Notes on Piesma cinerea. 5, xxXxi, 229-32. Hoffman, W. E.—Biological notes on Lethocerus americanus. 5, xxxi, 175-83. Jones, T. H.—The life history and stages of Cimolus obscurus. ‘10, xxvi, 197-205.
*Annand, P. N.—A n. sp. of Adelges (Phylloxeridae). 5, xxxl, 79-82. *Barber, H. G.—A n. sp. of Pselliopus (Reduviidae). 10, xxvi, 211-3. Schmidt, E.—Pseudaphro- phora chilensis, eine neue Cercopidengattung und art von Chile. 20, xxxix, 43. *Shotwell, R. L.—A new sp. of the mealy-bugs. 7, xvii, 353-4. Weiss & Lott.—Notes on Piesma cinerea in New Jersey. 5, sexx 2350-5:
_LEPIDOPTERA. Comstock, J. A.—A new record for California. 139, xxiii, 157. Cook, W. C.—Climatic varia- tions and moth flight at Bozeman. 4, lvi, 229-34. Ripley, L. B.—The external morphology and postembryology of noctuid larvae. (Ill. Biol. Mon., viii, No. 4.) Stephan, J.— Die spinnerartigen nachtschmetterlinge der grafschaft glatz.
(Deut. Ent. Zeit. Iris, xxxviii, 186-219.)
RK Vi ZO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 31
*Barnes & Benjamin.—Notes on the genus Noctuella (Pyralidae). 10, -xxvi, 205-6. On the correct name of the brown-tail moth. 10, xxvi, 213. Gillotte, A. G. M.—A new Ithomiine butterfly from Costa Rica. 9, 1924, 249-50. Hall, A.— Descriptions of two new forms of Chlosyne. (Nym- phalidae). 9, 1924, 241-2. *Hill, C. A——A new noctuid moth from Arizona. 139, xxiii, 158. Jordan, K—Two new subspecies of Sphingidae. 71, xxxi, 298. Kruger, E.— Beitrage zur kenntnis der columbischen Satyriden. 17, xh, 38-9, (cont.) McDunnough, J.—Some synonymical notes on L. 4, lvi, 249. Notes on the ribearia group of the genus Itame. 4, lvi, 271-7. Preece, W. H. A.—Notes on the Catocalinae of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. (Can. Field-Nat., xxxvili, 170-1.) Riley, N. D.—A note on the genus Pyrrho- pygopsis (Hesperiidae). 9, 1924, 245-9. Tams, W. H. T.— Notes on Heliconisa pagenstecheri in the Argentine. . 9, 1924, 243-5.
DIPTERA. Carr, J. W.—The diptera pollinating the flowers of Aristolochia sipho. 8, 1924, 258. Crampton, G. C.—Remarks on the phylogeny and interrelationships of nematocerous D. 5, xxxi, 238-42. Steenberg, C. M.—Etude sur deux especes de Phronia dont les larves se forment de
letirs Sexerements tne couche protectrice . - (Vidensk. Medd. f. Dansk Naturh. Foren., Ixxviii, 49 pp.)
*Curran, C. H.—Four apparently undescribed D. from Canada. 4, lvi, 250-3. Two undescribed sps. of Cyrtopogon, with notes. 4, lvi, 277-80. Brief diagnoses of some D. oc- curring in New England. 5, xxxi, 226-8. Edwards, F. W.— New species of nematocerous diptera from Fiji and Trinidad. 75, xiv, 568-74. “Malloch, J. R——New and little known calypterate D. from New England. 5, xxxi, 193-204. Exotic Muscaridae XIV. 75, xiv, 513-22. *Shannon, R: C. —North Am. species of Ferdinandea (Syrphidae). 10, xxvi, 214-5. *Spuler, A——North Am. sps. of the genera Sphaero- cera and Aptilotus (Borboridae). 55, 1, 66-71. *Tothill, J. D.—A revision of the Nearctic sps. in the genus Fabriciella (Tachinidae). 4, lvi, 257-69. *Van Duzee, M. C.—New Canadian Dolichopodidae. 4, lvi, 244-9. No. Am. sps. of Paraphrosylus, a subg. of -Aphrosylus. 55, i, 73-8. Weiss, H. B.—Diptera collected on a N. J. salt marsh. 4, lvi, 255-7. *West, L. S—New northeastern Dexiinae. 5, xxxi, 184-92.
COLEOPTERA. Sicard, A.—Un Scymnus (Pullus) nouveau de Mexique (Coccinellidae). 75, xiv, 531-32.
*Swaine, J. M.—Four n. sps. of Carphoborus (Ipidae). 4, lvi, 234-6.
32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (fanz, 25
Barber, H. S.—The generic names of the clover and alfalfa weevils Hypera and Phytonomus. 10, xxvi, 216. Blaisdell, F. E—New forms of Coniontis, p. 83. A new Centrioptera from Texas, p. 87. 5, xxxi, 83-8. New mely- rids from southeastern California. 61, xiii, 249-59. “Fisher, W. S.—A n. sp. of Ataxia from the U. S. (Cerambycidae). 4, lvi, 253-4. Hatch, M. H.—A preliminary list of the C. of the Cranberry Lake region, New York, excl. Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, & Ipidae, (Tech. Pub. N. Y. Col. For., xxiv, 273-312.) Heikertinger, F.—Die Halticinengenera der Palaearktis und Nearktis. Bestimmungstabellen. (Koleop. Rundschau, xi, 25-48). Mundinger, F. G.—A preliminary list of the Buprestidae and Cerambycidae of the Cranberry Lake region, N. Y. (Tech. Pub. N. Y. Col. For:, xxiv, 313- 20.) *“Notman, H.—Two new staphylinids from Cranberry Lake, N. Y. (Tech. Pub: 17, N-Y-Col. For., xxiv, 270-2) Van Dyke, E. C.—Some C. recently established in Cal. 55, isto.
HYMENOPTERA. Ainslie, C. N.—Note on the nesting habits of Chlorion elegans. 4, lvi, 269-71. Davis, W. T.— Polistes wasps and their nests. (Proc. Staten Isl. Inst., 11, 137-8.) Genieys, P.—Contribution a l’etude des Evaniidae (Zeuxevania splendidula). 78, lviii, 482-94. Reinhard, E. G.—The life history and habits of the solitary wasp, Philan- thus gibbosus. (Smiths. Rept., 1922, 363-376.)
*Cockerell, T. D. A~—Anthophorid bees in the collection of the Cal. Ac. Sc., p. 49. Bees of the genus Andrena in the Coll.“of the Cal. Ac. Scl9p- 57. 55,1, 49-6e- new bee from Oregon. 5, xxxi, 243-4. *Cockerell and Sandhouse.— Parasitic bees (Epeolinae and Melectinae) in the collection of the Cal. Ac. Sc.» (Prot Gal, Ac. Sey (jy a, S0n-2 4) Dover, C.—Aculeate H. collected by C. Allen in Paraguay. 8, 1924, 256-8. *Rohwer, S. A.—A new sawfly of the family “<yelidae.: 10, sxwi> 215:
SPECIAL NOTICES. Correction: The October, 1924, list has an error in the number for a title under Physiology and Anatomy, by Seitz. The title is correctly cited in the present list.
\
The News for December, 1924, was mailed at the Philadelphia Post Office, December 12, 1924.
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VoL. XXXVI
FEBRUARY, 1925 No. 2 CONTENTS Jones—North American Psychids: ed- Howard—An Appeal for Hungarian wardsii Heyl. (carbonaria Pack.) Entomologists macs s eiciie se sisrs 54 (Lepidoptera, Psychidae).......... 33 | Editorial—Entomology at the Convo- Hayes—A Preliminary List of the Ants cation Week Meetings, December of Kansas (Hymenoptera, Formi- 29, 1924, to January 3, '925.......2- 55 cidae) (continued from page 12)... 39 | Skinner—Third International Congress Barnes and Benjamin—A New Sub- Off Entomol ger aarcie cise nels alvlelvicie.s 57 species of Brenthis myrina Cram. The New York State List of Insects... 57 (Lepid.: Nymphalidae) ........... 44 | Entomological Literature.............. 58 Blatchley—Some Additional New Spe- Review of Newstead on the Tsetse cies of Heteroptera from the South- JEINIRs Bgnos tcovbn (hachcanocsecieodan 62 ern United States, with Charac- Review—Report of the Proceedings of terization of a New Genus......... 45 the Fifth Entomological Meeting Hough—The Anal Lobe of Pseudococ- held at Pusa, February sth to roth, cus comstocki Kuw. ( Homop. : Coc- NG Wel Sais neadanadnbosodocanocodeseCtOK 63 IGA) Meecistetieiete sistaiaisvere tree sleiererecsiaieys 52 North American Psychids: edwardsii Heyl. (carbonaria Pack.) (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). By Frank Morton Jones, Wilmington, Delaware, (Plates 11 and III) Psyche carbonaria was described by Packard in 1887,
from two males from Texas. Nothing, apparently, was then known of the habits of this insect, which has continued to be a rarity in our collections, most of the specimens dating back many years to Belfrage’s time, with central Texas as their lo- cality and October or November as their date of occurrence. In September and October of 1923 the author made a col- lecting trip through the southwest and west, with Psychidae as the special object of search. The first stop was at Fort Worth, Texas, with the intent of visiting Belfrage’s pre- sumed locality for this insect (Clifton, Bosque County), some seventy miles distant; but upon the advice of Dr. W. M. Winton, of Texas Christian University, search was first made in more accessible areas of like character near Fort Worth and Dallas, with the result-that carbonaria turned up in the first half-hour of actual search.
33
34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’25
This insect is an inhabitant of the chalk-hill region of Texas. It was found on these hills at the outskirts of Fort Worth; similarly, just to the west of Dallas; and again at Alamo Heights, San Antonio, always where the white chalk showed through the scanty ground-cover vegetation. At intermediate and adjacent points of different character it was absent or rare. The larvae are evidently ground feeders, in September creeping up posts and tree-trunks and affixing their cases for pupation. Emergence of the males takes place in the morning (6 to 9.30 A. M.); and from cases gathered in September, 1923, the earliest emergence was October 18, the latest, November 7. The species is apparently single brooded, the winter being passed in the egg stage. To our knowledge of this insect as briefly characterized by Packard from scanty material, may now be added the following:
Egg. —.7 mm. X 1.1 mm.; ellipsoidal, usually distorted by mass-pressure; yellowish-white, smooth, unpolished, some- what moist and adherent (the closely-packed egg-mass does not readily separate when dropped into water), and so delicate in texture that it cannot be removed from the pupa-shell without rupturing many of those contained.
Larval case-—Length 22-27 mm.; about 4 mm. in diam- ter at widest part (near the proximal end); almost cylindri- cal, but tapering slightly and gradually toward the distal end, which is ornamented with a few slender fragments of vege- table matter applied longitudinally ; the case is smooth, tough, and exceptionally firm in texture, its outer surface is the color of weathered wood, its inner surface white; the apparently smooth outer surface, under the lens is seen to be a mosaic of minute vegetable fragments firmly embedded in the silk. The larger applied fragments at the distal end protect and partly conceal a short terminal portion of flimsy texture which closes the orifice in collapsed triangular form, the emerging pupa rupturing the triangle at its angles, thus dividing this lower portion, usually rather symmetrically, into three lobes or flaps. For pupation the larva attaches the case firmly, at a height from the ground varying from one to six feet, and
apparently by preference to a weathered post or tree-trunk; the point chosen for attachment is usually a crevice or small cavity which conceals the base of the case, which consequently projects at any angle, even almost perpendicularly. In these
Sev, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS a0
attached cases males were found to predominate in the ratio of 40 to 1, so the usual habit of the 2 may be to remain con- cealed at or near the ground, for obviously it must differ in this respect from the ¢.
Larva, ready for pupation—Length 16-20 mm.; width of head 1.6-1.8 mm.; dull brownish-white; the head and the more heavily chitinized areas of the thoracic segments con- trastingly marked with white and with dark brown having a purplish tinge. Of the three white markings of the epi- cranium (Plate III, fig. 8), the small rounded lateral patch is the most constant; the vertical marking sometimes joins the lower pale area, and the two may expand across the front until most of the dark frontal markings become vestigial, even the frontal punctures being included in the merged pale areas. A line joining the second adfrontal and the frontal seta, extended, passes below the frontal puncture. The ab- dominal setae, especially those below the spiracles, are exceed- ingly small and weak; the small seta shown (Plate III, fig. 9) on the cephalic margin of segments T2 and T3 (apparently x of Forbes, gamma of Fracker) was not detectable in all specimens when examined up to 100 x, those studied includ- ing both blown and alcoholic material.
Pupa of ¢ (Plate III, fig. 6, 7)—Length 10-12 mm.; reddish amber-brown to dull dark brown; the head, the thorax and the rugose portions of the abdominal segments darker than the remaining areas; the anterior portions of the abdominal segments, to the seventh inclusive, are striately rugose, strongly so dorsally; ventrally, the mesothoracic wings overlap about one-half of the third abdominal segment, the mesothoracic legs reach or fall slightly short of the wing-margin, the antennae terminate on a line opposite the anterior margin of the third abdominal segment, the prothoracic legs slightly ex- ceed this point ; the caudal segments are striate, they are curved ventrad, and they bear the usual pair of strongly chitinized hooks ; a dorsocephalic spined ridge is present on each of seg- ments 6, 7, and 8, much more prominently on 8, where it is comb-like and projecting ; a dorsocaudal row of vestigial spines, their points directed cephalad, is borne by the fifth abdominal segment; the abdominal spiracles are slightly raised, concol- orous; the maxillae (Mosher nomenclature) equal or slightly exceed the labial palpi. In agreement with the structure of the larval case, the pupa is more long-cylindrical in shape than that of cacocnemos, tracyi, or celibata.
Pupa of (Plate III, fig. 5)—Length 15 mm.; pale dull
36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 725
amber and lacking the striate rugosity of the d pupa; compared with the pupa shell of the ¢, that of the ¢ is much less rigid in texture and less opaque, the contained eggs being 1n- dividually visible through the thin papery integument; the dorsal portions of the thoracic segments are thickened and their color deepened to dull reddish-brown; the caudal ex- tremity is bluntly rounded and it lacks the prominent hooks of the ¢; abdominal segments 7 and 8 have each a dorso- cephalic row of microscopic blunt spines, their points directed caudad; and segment 5, near its dorsocaudal margin, bears a still more vestigial row of cephalad-directed fine spines.
Adult & (Plates II, II])—Expanse 19-22 mm.; black throughout; the body rather robust, with hairy divergent vestiture; antenna with 27 (sometimes a few more) joints, broadly bipectinate, the shaft and its pectinations scaled above ; legs unarmed. Wings broad, moderately opaque, with nar- row hair-like scales; primaries with costa arched, outer mar- gin slightly rounded, apices moderately acute; secondaries broad, rounded; 11-7 veins, 7 of primaries from the cell, or sometimes from the stalk of 8 and 9; 4 and 5 of both wings connate (or varying even to wide separation) at cell; the anal veins of primaries have the basal portion of lc well indicated ; 7 and 8 of secondaries are joined by an oblique bar mid-way of the cell, but not again beyond this point; the furcate plate of the abdomen is wide, with rather short and slightly diver- gent straight rods, the opposite (dorsal) plate much smaller, T-shaped.
Adult 2—Length 12 mm.; yellowish-white; the thoracic segments dorsally brown with a tinge of olive, ventrally pur- plish about the vestigial legs; head pale brown, with darkly- pigmented eyes; legs and antennae rather more distinctly in- dicated than usual in related species ; the almost colorless down of the abdomen is very loosely attached and almost completely deciduous in oviposition and emergence.
Packard in his original description states that he had before him “Two males from Texas. Collection of Mr. Ed- ward L. Graef; one of these* * * * retained in my own col- lection”; of these two, Graef’s specimen is preserved in the Brooklyn Museum, fully identified as Packard’s type by its pin-labels; in the Packard collection at Cambridge are two specimens of this insect, each labeled simply, ‘‘Dallas, Texas, Boll,” and neither bearing type indication; under these cir-
XXXVI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37
cumstances the Brooklyn Museum specimen must be consid- ered the type.
Compared with the recently described polingi Barnes & Benjamin, this insect, even in flown condition, is immediately and conclusively separable by its narrow hair-like wing-scales, the denser wings of polingi being clothed with larger and much broader scales (See Plate III, figs. 10, 11).
There remains for comparison, however, the insect de- scribed by Heylaerts (C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., ci., 1884) as Manatha edwardsu, which has been standing on our lists as a synonym of gloverii Packard. The unique type of edwardsti is in the Oberthur collection in France; in 1923 it was sent to England, to the Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, for comparison with some of our North American species; from his report it became apparent that edwardsii is a larger and more robust insect than glover; following this, M. Charles Oberthur pub- lished (Etudes, XXI (II), 170, Pl. DLXVI, fig. 4889, 1923) a colored figure of edwardsti, strengthening our growing sus- picion of the identity of edwardsti Heylaerts and carbonaria Packard; later (1924), through the kindness of M. René Oberthur and of Prof. C. Houlbert, the writer was given access to the type of edwardsti at Rennes, and there compared it with fresh specimens of carbonaria which had already been compared with Packard’s type. Edwardsit Heylaerts and car- bonaria Packard are identical, edwardsii having priority. The apparent discrepancies in the two original descriptions are due to the study, by their authors, of scanty and undissected mate- rial. This insect was evidently distributed (by Belfrage, per- haps also by Boll), misidentified as T. ephemeracformis Steph. ; for not only does the Heylaerts type bear a written name-label thus misidentifying it, but in the American Museum of Nat- ural History, under carbonaria Pack., is a specimen from the Hy. Edwards collection, similarly labeled, with Belfrage’s name as collector.
Heylaerts also described (C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., cceviii, 1884) what he identified as the larval case of edwardsti, but his description does not apply to the case of this species as
38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Peb., 225
determined by breeding, and his material is not preserved with the ¢ type at Rennes; however, in the remains of the Heylaerts collection in the Rijks Museum at Leiden (for access to which the writer is indebted to Heer Van Eecke) are two cases stand- ing above a label, “Edwardsii Heyl.”, with Texas indicated as their locality and ‘Collection C. V. Riley” as their origin. They agree with Heylaerts’ description (one is the large case of a ©) ; but they are not cases of edwardsi, but of confederata G. & R.
Finally, the former generic references of this insect are not admissible. Psyche Schrank is now restricted to viciella Schiff. (genotype) and its allies, 12-8 veined insects ; Manatha Moore, by the characterization of the genus and by an examination of the genotype (albipes Moore, preserved in the British Museum ) is also 12-8 veined ; Platocceticus Packard is usually 12-8 veined, and has no bar joining 7 and 8 of secondaries; Pachythelia Westw. has the fore tibia armed with a long spine. Barnes and Benjamin have referred their allied species, polingi, to Eurukuttarus Hamps.; though the early stages of the genotype of this latter genus are unknown, comparison of the males (pileatus Hamps., edwardsu Heyl.) shows them to be in sub- stantial agreement, in the characters which in this family have served for generic separation. Multiplication of genera being inadvisable under these circumstances, edwardsu Heyl., for the present, should stand with polingi B. & B., in Eurukuttarus Hamps., its bibliography and synonymy becoming :
Eurukuttarus edwardsii Heyl.
Heylaerts, C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., ci, 1884 (Manatha), Heylaerts, C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., ceviii, 1884 (larval case of confederata G. & R., in error for edwardsii Heyl.). Packard, Ent. Amer., III, 51, 1887 (Psyche carbonaria n.sp.). Smith, List Lep. Bor. Am., 29, 1891 (Psyche carbonaria Packa)e Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 502, 1892 (Manatha). Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 515, 1892 (Psyche carbonaria Pack.). ‘ Neumioegen & Dyar, Jour. N. Y.. Ent. Soc., II, 119, 1894 (= gloveri Pack.). Neumoegen & Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., II, 119, 1894 (Psyche carbonaria Pack.). Dyar, List N. A. Lep., 353, 1902 (=gloveri Pack.).
Piatesuue
Ent. News, VoL. XXXVI.
as
EURUKUTTARUS EDWARDSI! (Fias. 1-10), E. POLING! (FIG. 11).—JONES.
10
XXXVI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 6s)
Dyar, List N. A. Lep., 353, 1902 (Eurycyttarus carbonaria Pack. ).
Smith, Check List Lep. Bor. Am., 82, 1903 (Eurycyttarus carbonaria Pack.).
Dyar, Insec. Ins. Mens., I, 104, 1913 (carbonaria).
Barnes & McDun., Can. Ent., XLVI, 30, 1914 (carbonaria).
Dyar, Can. Ent., XLVI, 179, 1914 (carbonaria).
Barnes & McDun., Check List Lep. Bor. Am., 125, 1917 (= gleveri Pack.).
Barnes & McDun., Check List Lep. Bor. Am., 125, 1917 (Eurycyttarus carbonaria Pack.).
Dyar, Insec. Ins. Mens., XI, 2, 1923 (Pachytelia carbonaria).
Dyar, Insec. Ins. Mens., XI, 4, 1923 (Manatha).
Oberthur, Etudes Lep. Comp:, XX. (11), 170; 1923 (Pla- toeceticus ).
Barnes & Benj., Cont. N. H. Lep. N. A., V (3), 187, 1924 ( ? carbonaria).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE III
Eurukuttarus edwardsii Heyl.
. Venation, wings of ¢.
. Genitalia, with adjacent abdominal plates.
. Abdominal plates, dorsal and ventral.
Legs.
. Caudal segments, pupa of °.
1 Pupaot dc.
. Caudal segments, pupa of ¢.
. Head of larva, last instar.
Sitarva, last mstar 10. Wing-scales, 100 &.
Eurukuttarus polingi Barnes and Benj. 11. Wing-scales, 100 x.
SANAnswWNe
A Preliminary List of the Ants of Kansas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). (Continued from page 12.) By Wo. P. Hayes, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. MyRMICINAE.
MyRMICINA GRAMINICOLA subsp. AMERICANA Emery. This species is recorded by Tucker (1909, p. 289) from Lawrence, who further comments that males were found in September and October. This insect, according to Wheeler (1910), occurs in the Northeastern states.
40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 725
MonomortuM PHARAONIS Linn. None of the lists of Kansas Hymenoptera contain this common species. It is a cosmopolitan species. In this state it is often confused with Solenopsis molesta Say, both of which infest houses and are spoken of as “red ants.’ It occurs widespread over the state.
M. mintmum Buckley. This small black species constructs crater nests in sandy or gravelly situations. The writer has found workers hibernating in a nest in December at a depth of 18 to 24 inches, and at Winfield found them under stones, April 29. In the State Agricultural College collection are three wingless queens and four workers collected by Marlatt. The Winfield specimens were determined by Wheeler, and the Riley County specimens by M. R. Smith.
M. MINUTUM var. MINIMUM Buckley. This variety, as cited, is given in the Tucker list as occurring at Lawrence, Kansas, in June and July.
SOLENOPSIS MOLESTA Say. This pernicious pest is known over the state as the kafir ant or tiny thief ant. It attacks the planted seeds of sorghums and other crops and causes an immense amount of damage in southern Kansas. It is also a pest of houses and on the other hand is a useful insect on account of its scavenger habits. The results of two years’ study of the biology of this ant by the writer (1920) are reported elsewhere. The species is widespread throughout the United States and Mexico. The writer has found it in many of the counties in the eastern half of the state. It has not been found and reported west of Smith and Barber Counties.
Unfortunately, considerable confusion exists in the American literature with regard to this species. Originally described as Myrmica molesta, it, 30 years later, was redescribed by Buckley (1866, p. 342), from specimens collected in the vicinity of Washington, D. C., as Myrmica exigua. This name has not, so far as the writer is able to learn, crept into the economic literature. After another period of 20 years, the same ant was again described by Mayr (1886, p. 461) as Solenopsis debilis. It will be noticed that Mayr was the first to place the species in the genus Solenopsis Westwood. Under this name the species has, much too frequently, been reported as noxious and of considerable economic importance. Previous to the time of Mayr’s paper, many references to this ant were made under the name Solenopsis fugax Latr. This mistake is accounted for by the close resemblance of S. molesta to the well-known Euro-
mexmyi. "25 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41
pean S. fugax. Several workers (Forbes, Webster, et al.) referring, in earlier papers, to S. molesta used the name S. fugax; and, following the advent of Mayr’s description, made similar references under the name S. debilis.
According to Wheeler, “Emery (1894, p. 277) was the first to insist that this (debilis) was merely a synonym of Say’s molesta.”’ Commenting further on the synonymy of the species, Wheeler in a letter says, “Solenopsis fugax isa European species and does not occur in this country. It is extremely close to Solenopsis molesta, however. Undoubtedly, all references to fugax in American literature refer to molesta.”
Additional confusion has arisen between S. molesta and the little red house ant, Monomorium pharaonis Linn. This is due, in part, to the similarity of habits, but more to their likeness in coloration. Both species are spoken of as tiny, but only a superficial observation is needed to nete the much smaller size of S. molesta.
Myrmica minuta Say, a meagerly described form, is thought by such an authority as Emery (1894, p. 277) to be a synonym of molesta.
Crevecoeur’s list contains this species cited as Solenopsis debilis.
S. TEXANA Emery. Tucker records this species from Law- rence. A female was found by him in June at twilight. Wheeler’s list records this species only from Texas, and in view of the writer’s work with S. molesta, the determination of this species from Kansas appears doubtful.
PHEIDOLE PILIFERA Roger. Soldiers of this species were found by the writer attacking workers of Solenopsis molesta Say under stones at Winfield, Kansas, April 19, 1914. These were identified by Wheeler. This record is apparently new for the state. In Wheeler’s list its range is given as ‘‘Eastern and Northern States.”
PH. SITARCHES Wheeler. In the State Agricultural College collection are workers and soldiers of this species determined by M. R. Smith from Riley County, collected March 21 and April 30, under stones. This species in Wheeler’s list is from Texas and has apparently not been noted previously in this state.
Pu. sirarcHEs Wheeler. New var. Workers of this species were collected in Cowley County by the writer in 1916. They were submitted to Wheeler who pronounced them a new variety
42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 725
which is, as far as the writer can ascertain, still undescribed.
PH. vINELANDICA Forel var. Workers of this species were collected at Winfield, April 19, under stones. This species occurs in the “Eastern States’ and no record was found of its occur- rence in Kansas.
Pu. HaAyest M. R. Smith. Specimens of this species found attacking planted corn and kafir seed at Manhattan were sent to M. R. Smith, who pronounced it a new species and who stated that Wheeler had concurred in the belief that it was a new and undescribed species. A description of this ant appeared in ENtomorocicaL News for July, 1924, page 251. Because of its damage to planted seed in the state, this insect bids fair to become of considerable importance and studies are now being carried on to learn of its life history. So far this species has been found at Manhattan only.
CREMASTOGASTER LINEOLATA Say. This species without ref- erence to any of its varieties or subspecies is listed from Law- rence by Tucker (1908), who found females and workers in April, workers in June, and-males and females in September. It is also found listed by Crevecoeur as new. Wheeler gives the range of this species as northern states and Canada.
C. LINEOLATA subsp. LEVIUSCULA Mayr. Tucker reports tak- ing this subspecies from a dead standing elm tree at Lawrence, and at Wichita he found workers during April.
C. LINEOLATA var. CLARA Mayr. Workers of this variety (determined by W. M. W.) have been collected at Winfield a number of times by the writer. They were found under stones in several instances with colonies of Solenopsis molesta Say. This is apparently a new state record.
C. vIcTIMA subsp. MISSOURTENSIS Pergande. This species (determined by M. R. S.) was collected by the writer at Man- hattan under stones April 13, 1917. It is a new state record.
STENAMMA sp. Undetermined males of this genus are in the State Agricultural College collection from Manhattan collected in September both by Faville and Marlatt.
APHAENOGASTER MARIAE Forel. In a recent letter, M. R. Smith writes that he has seen this species among ants from the Colorado Agricultural College collection sent him by C. R. Jones which bore Kansas labels. This is apparently a new state record.”
A. TREATAE Forel. A new record for Kansas. Workers of
“Other species noted from this collection from Kansas are Formica pallide-fulva Latr.. Eciton schmitti Emery, Prenolepis imparis Sav. and Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr. Smith also has a record of Mono- morium minimum Buckley from Lawrence. All of these are discussed elsewhere in this paper.
mK XVE, 25) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43
this species (determined by M. R. S.) were collected abundantly in March and April by Norton.
A. FULVA Roger. Although not reported from this state, this species may occur since Wheeler (1916, p. 586) says that A. tennesscensis, the next listed species, occurs only in regions where A. fulva occurs.
A. TENNESSEENSIS Mayr. This species was first reported from Lawrence by Tucker, at which time he called it Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) tennesseensis. It is listed, mispelled, as an addition to the Kansas list by Crevecoeur. In the State Agri- cultural College collection are workers (determined by M. R. S.) from Riley County collected in March.
POGONOMYRMEX BARBATUS subsp. RUGOSUS Emery. Three workers from Grant County, collected August 16 by Popenoe, two workers from Hamilton County, collected August 27 by Popenoe, and one worker from Meade County, collected July, are in the State Agricultural College collection, (determined by M. R. S.). According to Wheeler, the range of this subspecies is from Arizona to California. This is evidently a new state record and a somewhat eastern extension of its range.
P. OCCIDENTALIS Cresson. This insect, known commonly as the Mound-building Prairie Ant, is widely distributed over the western part of the state. Because of its economic importance it is one of the best-known Kansas ants. The work of Dean (1908) on its life history has revealed many facts concerning its biology. This species was first noted in Kansas lists by Bridwell (1899). Specimens are at hand from Russell, Wallace, Hamilton and Trego Counties, and the writer has collected specimens in Cowley County. Dean (loc. cit.) has shown that it occurs throughout the state ‘“‘west of a line running through Belleville in Republic County and Oxford in Sumner County.”
Myrmica RuBRA Linn. This species without varietal distinc- tion is reported from Lawrence by Tucker where he found it in September.
M. ruBRA Linn. var. SULCINODOIDES Emery. This variety is listed from the state by Crevecoeur. Its range according to Wheeler is Utah, Colorado and New Mexico.
LEPTOTHORAX SCHAUMI Roger. This species is in the Crevecoeur list as a Kansas species.
L. curvispinosus Mayr. Also listed by Crevecoeur. This and the previous species are probably from the vicinity of Ottawa.
L. sp. This undetermined species is also found in the Crevecoeur list. It may be one of the foregoing species or a different one.
(To be continued)
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Feb., ’25 >
A New Subspecies of Brenthis myrina Cram. (Lepid. : Nymphalidae). 3y Wo. Barnes and F. H. Benyamin, Decatur, Illinois.
Brenthis myrina tollandensis race nov.
Similar to topotypical (New York) myrina; the black mark- ings on the upper side tending to be narrower and cleaner cut except toward the wing bases which are slightly more suffused than in eastern specimens.
The most conspicuous difference is on the under side of the hind wing which in the present race bas much more yellow, the yellow untinged by brown, the usual brown patches in the subterminal area between veins 2-4 and 4-7 reduced and pow- dery. The subterminal apical region of the fore wing agrees with the hind wing in its clear yellow color and brown powdery patch, appearing quite yellow instead of being heavily suffused by the brown patch found on eastern specimens.
B. myrina occurs from Labrador to British Columbia and southward to Pennsylvania and Utah. As might be expected, there appears to be a gradual transition from: the typical form though paler colored Alberta and Utah material toward the Colorado form.
These are the first Colorado specimens we have seen, although the Barnes Collection is rich in Colorado material from Glen- wood Springs, Denver, Hall Valley, etc., the result of extensive collecting by Bruce, Oslar and Barnes. <A letter from Mr. Oslar may give the reason why the Colorado form is not usually taken. We quote: “A few days ago I was up in Moffat County, Colorado, and I turned up an Argynnid (the Brenthis family) newtome . . . . In Holland’s book there’s nothing like it . . . . They certainly are a swift.flier and always on the wing against terrific winds blowing all the time at the altitude they occur (about 10,000 feet) and seldom stopped to feed, had to be caught on the fly.”
Type locality: Tolland, Moffat County, Colorado, altitude approximately 10,000 feet.
Number and sexes of types: Holotype ¢; Allotype 2;5 3,72 Paratypes ; all collected by E. J. Oslar, July, 1924. Types in: Barnes Collection.
XXXVI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45
Some Additional New Species of Heteroptera from the Southern United States, with Character- ization of a New Genus.
By W. S. BLratcHLey, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Since the appearance of my former paper entitled “Some Apparently New Heteroptera from Florida,”’! I have continued the work on my Manual of Heteroptera and have found among the material examined examples of five additional species which are apparently new to Science. Two of these belong to genera not hitherto known to be represented in the eastern United States, while a third represents a new genus which is char- acterized below. Unless otherwise stated the types of the new species are in the collection of the author.
Family LyGAEIDAE.
Ischnodemus pusillus sp. nov.
Brachypterous form: Elongate, very slender. Body wholly black, thickly clothed with very fine silvery-gray pubescence, the head and pronotum with a bluish tinge; pronotum with a vel- vety black bar across the basal fourth; antennae and legs pale brownish-yellow, the apical joint of former piceous-black ; beak dark brown, the basal joint paler; elytra represented by small white pads without dark veins but with an oblique black spot behind the middle.
Antennae about as long as head and pronotum united, joint 1 not passing tip of tylus, 2 and 3 slender, the latter slightly the shorter, 4 fusiform, one-half longer and much stouter than either. Beak reaching middle coxae. Pronotum subquadrate, its disk nearly evenly convex, finely, evenly and sparsely punc- tate, without either transverse or longitudinal impression, its sides parallel from base to middle, rounded and converging near apex. Scutellum small, flat, impunctate. Elytra reaching only to base of second dorsal, their tips narrowly rounded and sepa- rated by a space nearly equal to their width, their inner margins oblique. Length 3—3.3 mm.
Dunedin, Florida, February 18; three brachypterous speci- mens sifted from the roots of tufts of grass in low moist grounds. It is our smallest and blackest species, easily known by the subquadrate, evenly convex pronotum with black basal
1 Entomological News, March, 1924, pp. 85-90.
46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’25
cross-bar, large piceous apical antennal and small white elytral
pads. Type a male taken at Dunedin, Florida, February 18, 1924.
Family EMeEsIDAE. Genus Malacopus Stal. “Stal in his “Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-Trakens Hemipter Fauna,’’2 founded this genus, the principal characters of which are as follows:
Head declivent behind, wider across the eyes than long, its hind portion with sides strongly converging from the eyes backward ; eyes very prominent, coarsely granulated ; beak with two basal joints strongly swollen; antennae and legs with numerous long erect hairs, the first antennal surpassing base of mesonotum. Pronotum quadrate, not fused with meso- notum; the latter with front declivent, its sides feebly con- verging from base to apex, their margins not carinate, hind margin concave. Scutellum divided into two obtusely triangu- lar parts, the front one the shorter, the apex of each ue a short spine. Elytra surpassing abdomen by one-fourth their length, gradually widened from base to apex, the inner apical margin widely and shallowly obliquely concave. Front coxae half the length of femora; trochanters unarmed; front femora armed beneath their full length with very numerous short black-tipped spines; front tibiae three-fourths the length of femora.
The generic type of Stal was his M. cellularis described from Rio Janeiro. A second species, apparently hitherto undescribed, occurs in southern Florida. It varies from Stal’s generic characterization only in having the vertex of head armed with two small obtuse tubercles, instead of “‘inermi, tumescente,” as stated by him.
Malacopus longicornis sp. nov.
Elongate, robust for the family. Head and pronotum fus- cous-brown, the former with one, the latter with three, pale stripes; mesonotum dull yellow; scutellum dark brown; elytra pale brown, the margins, main nerves and all the nervures pale yellow ; under surface piceous-brown, the genital segments aa antennae and legs pale yellow, annulated with pale srown.
2\Konglica ‘Svenska yictonelnee Akademiens Handlingar, Pt. I, Vol. II, 1860, 80.
———— ee
REXVI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47
Hind lobe of head with an obtuse tubercle each side; anten- nae with joint 2 slightly longer than 1, 3 one-fourth as long as 2, twice as long as four. Disk of mesonotum with two obtuse tubercles on basal third. Front scutellar spine strongly inclined backward, hind one erect. Genital plate of male small, scoop-shaped. Length 10—11 mm.
Cape Sable and Key West Florida, February 23-March 1. Five specimens were taken by beating in dense hammocks along the margins of tide-water lagoons. Type a male from Cape Sable, Florida, February 26, 1919.
Family ANTHOCORIDAE. Subfamily Dufowriellinae. Genus Physopleurella Reuter.
This genus was founded® by Reuter for a single species, the Cardiasthethus mundulus White, from Hawaii. I have at hand examples of an apparently undescribed species taken in Florida which agree in all but a few minor respects with the generic characters as given by Reuter, which are substantially as follows :
Head distinctly longer than the width across eyes, the pro- jecting tylus shorter and narrower than interocular width; eyes prominent, occupying the full thickness of the head; beak shorter than head, its second joint subulate, scarcely reaching middle of eyes. Pronotum with hind margin deeply and widely sinuate or concave; disk with preapical transverse impression fine but evident; median transverse impression ill defined, the area in front of it with callus but little elevated, and with a short posterior longitudinal median groove; hind portion de- pressed at middle. Flytra entire, the membrane 4-veined, the three outer veins with bases remote and equidistant one from the other, the inner one with base forked, enclosing a small triangle. Osteolar channel surpassing middle of metasternal plate, its apical portion curved backward. Front femora in our species more evidently swollen than the others, with the lower inner margins beset with numerous fine setae; front tibiae distinctly curved. Mesopleurae strongly rugose.
Physopleurella floridana sp. nov.
Elongate-oblong, subparallel, pubescent. Head, front lobe of pronotum, scutellum and under surface pale to dark reddish-
3 “M onographia Anthocoridarum Orbis Terrestris.” Actorum Societatis Scientiarum Fennice, XIV, 1884, 124.
48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb 25
brown, strongly shining ; hind lobe of pronotum with the basal margin and humeral angles fuscous-brown; elytra, except mem- brane, dull straw- yellow with the cuneus and a more or less evident cross-bar across the apical third of clavus and corium fuscous; membrane whitish-hyaline, the basal half tinged with dusky ; antennae, beak and legs pale brownish-yellow.
Joint 1 of antennae slightly surpassing the truncate tip of tylus, 2 linear, about as long as head, 3 and 4 more slender, subequal, together slightly longer than 2. Pronotum as above described, its sides obtusely margined, the deeply concave hind margin with a fringe of yellowish hair; disk with a short ridge each side of middle connecting the two lobes, the hind lobe depressed and punctate at middle, its humeral angles broad, obtusely rounded. Scutellum with basal portion Tess elevated than usual, apical portion flattened, with a bilobed fovea at base, apex acute. Elytra but slightly surpassing abdo- men, clavus finely irregularly punctate, corium and embolium very minutely punctate, all the punctures each bearing a short, fine appressed hair. Genital plate of male transverse, its hind margin broadly rounded. Length 2.8-3 mm.
Dunedin and Royal Palm Park, Florida, March 5-April 3; three specimens beaten from dead leaves of the cabbage paf: metto. The short subulate beak, setose front femora, ‘cannes front tibiae and peculiar sculpture of pronotum distinguish this from any of our known eastern species of the subfamily.
Type a male taken at Dunedin, Florida, April 3, 1923.
Family VELIIDAE. Genus Microvelia Westwood.
Among some specimens of aquatic Heteroptera received for study from C. S. Brimley, of Raleigh, North Carolina, were examples of a Microvelia which differs from any of our known species in a number of particulars, and is therefore described as follows:
Microvelia parallela sp. nov.
Brachypterous form: Elongate-oblong, sides parallel or nearly so. Color a nearly uniform dark brown, clothed with very fine appressed grayish hairs; front margin of pronotum reddish-brown; antennae fuscous-brown, the second joint sometimes paler; legs brownish-yellow, tinged with fuscous, the front femora wholly yellow; abdomen without spots of silvery pubescence.
——
xxxve, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 49
Head strongly convex, its median impressed line distinct. Antennae relatively stout, subequal in length to head and thorax united ; joints 2, 3 and 4 almost subequal in length, 1 shortest, 3 most slender, 4 fusiform, slightly longer than 3, but little more than half as long as width of interocular area. Pronotum subquadrate, about one-third wider than long, front margin truncate, hind one very slightly rounded; disk with reddish front margin smooth, remainder distinctly punctate and with an entire longitudinal median carina. Mesonotum concealed ; metanotal triangles very small. Hind tibiae straight in both sexes. Abdomen with sides subparallel, the connexiva wide, subvertical, male; distinctly narrowed behind with connexiva strongly reflexed against the dorsum, female; last three dorsals with a fine longitudinal median impressed line. Length 1.5- 1.8 mm.
Type, a male taken at Raleigh, North Carolina, May 22; allotype, same place and date; both in the collection of the Division of Entomology, North Carolina Department of Agri- culture. The small size, parallel body, uniform brown color, short subequal joints of antennae and strongly reflexed con- nexiva of female, readily distinguish this from all our other species. It is apparently most closely related to M. hinet Drake, but in that species the mesonotum is visible and the fourth antennal is more than twice as long as second, and but little shorter than the interocular width.
Family GELASTOCORIDAE. Subfamily Nerthrinae.
Since 1911 I have had in my collection a species of Gelasto- coridae from Arch Creek, Florida, under the name of Nerthra stygica Say, it having been so determined for me by E. P. Van Duzee. In March, 1923, I took near Dunedin, Florida, examples of a second and somewhat similar member of the same family. When I came to study these critically, in con- nection with Say’s original description and Bueno’s excellent
paper on Nerthra stygica,! I soon found that my Dunedin specimens were the true J. stygica and that the other was an
apparently unnamed species possessing characters of generic importance which differ from those of any defined genus of
4Ohio Naturalist, V, 1905, 287.
50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 725
the family. I therefore found for it the genus Glossoaspis® as characterized below. The relationship of this genus to the other North American genera of the family may be readily determined by the following key:
Key to North American Subfamilies and Genera of Gelastocoridae,
a. Elytra not wholly coriaceous, the corium, clavus and mem- brane distinct, the membranes overlapping.
b. Front tarsus of adults with two claws; eyes very prominent, subpedunculate (subfamily Gelastocorinae ).
Gelastocoris Kirkaldy. bb. Front tarsus of adults with a single claw; eyes much less prominent, sessile (subfamily Mononychinae).
Mononyx Laporte. aa. Elytra wholly coriaceous, meeting in a straight sutural line, the corium. and clavus not differentiated, the membrane wanting; eyes reniform. sessile; front tarsus of adult with
a single claw (subfamily Nerthrinae ).
c. Elytra not soldered together along the median line, their suture distinct and disk without lines of elevations ; scutellum with basal portion very short and broad, apical portion strongly narrowed to form a tongue-like wedge between the bases of elytra ; margins of abdomen coarsely CHOMACE) Oi <, advan: oaeere ......Glossoaspis gen. nov.
cc. Elytra soldered together along the median line, their suture indistinct and disk roughened with oblique lines of short acute elevations; scutellum broadly triangular, fused with elytra, its apex obtuse; margins of abdomen entire: var eae ee Pers Se OOP NG ai gta
Glossoaspis gen. nov.
Head immersed in thorax to eyes, vertex very short, front vertical, the front of body therefore appearing as if truncate or squarely cut off; eyes small, reniform; ocelli distinct, each set on a small interocular tubercle. Pronotum short, very broad, the disk with median portion convex, uneven; sides strongly flattened. Elytra wholly coriaceous, closely united along a median straight line, their usual divisions wanting, the costal margins expanded near base to form a short broadly rounded lobe. Scutellum with basal portion very short, nearly
®° From the Greek glosso “tongue” and aspis “shield,” referring to the peculiar tongue-like apical half of the scutellum. :
KEV; 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51
one-half as wide as pronotum, separated from the much nar- rower apical portion by a sinuate transverse groove, the apical portion forming a tongue-like wedge between the bases of elytra, its apex narrowly rounded. Front legs short, femora very stout, beneath broadly and shallowly grooved, the front margin of groove evenly widened throughout its length and armed with a row of numerous close-set, very short denticles, the hind margin of groove scarcely raised; front tibiae slender, cylindrical, feebly curved, the tarsal joint very short, the long curved acute single claw appearing as if united to the end of tibia. Middle and hind legs slender, each with two tarsal claws; middle tarsi 1-jointed, hind tarsi 3-jointed, the third joint as. long as the others united. Meso- and metasterna each with an erect tubercle which is compressed or laminate on three sides at base. The generic type and only known species is
Glossoaspis brunnea sp. nov.
Subquadrate, broadly rounded behind. Color above a nearly uniform dark brown, when living coated with an earthy incrus- tation ; sides of pronotum, apical portion of scutellum, tubercles of elytra and posterior half of each connexival dull yellow; sterna and femora in great part dull yellow; abdomen, tibiae and tarsi dull fuscous-brown, the posterior apical angle of each ventral paler.
Beak concealed beneath the strongly deflexed head, its apex visible between the front coxae. Pronotum two and a half times as wide as long, its transverse impression placed very close to base; side margins straight and subparallel, rounded into base, the apical angles obtuse, slightly prolonged; hind margin trisinuate; disk with sides broadly flattened, median portion with a transverse convexity formed of four broad obtuse tubercles separated by wide shallow grooves, the two median tubercles much the larger. Elytra at base slightly narrower than pronotum, conjointly oval, reaching tip .of abdomen, disk of each distinctly not strongly concave, not punctate and with- out setae, each with a short oblong tubercle at.middle of base, a larger obtuse one at middle and a third much smaller, close to suture at apical fourth. Connevivum rather broadly exposed behind the subbasal lobe of elytra, its margin coarsely crenate. Apex of front trochanters forming a short “bifid tooth. Genital plate of male concealed beneath the sixth ventral. Other struc- tural characters as above given. Length 8.2 mm.; width 5 mm.
Type a single male taken March 21, 1911, from the muddy
52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb:, ’25
margins of Arch Creek, Florida. This is probably the Mononyx stygicus of Uhler,® nec Say, and the Nerthra stygica Say of Howard,’ but, as pointed out by Bueno (loc. cit.), it is not Say’s species. If it is the form so treated by Uhler and Howard, Rueno is in error in supposing that it is “either Mononyx fuscipes Guer. or M. nepaeformis (Fabr.),” as those two species are both true members of Mononyx, having the elytral mem- brane present and overlapping.
The Anal Lobe of Pseudococcus comstocki Kuw. (Homop. : Coccidae). By W. S. Houeu, Virginia Crop Pest Commission,
In his study of California mealy bugs Ferris (1918) pointed out the value of the cerarii in generic and specific determina- tions. But there are variations in the cerarii, especially the anal lobe cerarii of certain species of Pseudococcus, which may make specific identification rather difficult for anyone except a specialist who has abundant material for comparison. The writer has in mind particularly the two most widely known out- door species in eastern United States, Pseudococcus comstockt Kuw. and Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh.!
During the past two years the former species was the sub- ject of a rather extensive biological investigation in Northern Virginia, where it became a pest on the umbrella catalpa (Catalpa bunget), and in the course of these studies certain variations in the chitinization of the anal lobe were noticed to be quite frequent.
Figs. A to E, inclusive (the large letter indicates ‘the dorsal aspect and the small letter the ventral aspect of the same lobe), show a range of variations in the chitinization of the anal lobe of Pseudococcus comstocki from what may be considered the typical form (Fig. A) to forms (Figs. D and E) which may be confused with a figure or description of the anal lobe of
6 Standard Natural History, II, 1884, 264.
* The Insect Book, 1902, pl. XX0GIDS aiesaae
Thanks are due Dr. C. H. Kennedy, of Ohio State University, for helpful suggestions in morphological studies of this insect.
XXXvI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 53
Pseudococcus maritimus (Fig. F) unless specimens of the latter are at hand for comparison.
The series of variations shown was selected from 150 adult specimens, all of which had been stained for the same length of time (12 hours) in Magenta Red and mounted in the same
way. All individuals were reared on catalpa. Variation in the chitinization is apparently not due to the age of the adults, since similar heavily and lightly chitinized lobes were found on speci- mens three hours, ten hours, one day and one week after the last molt. It will be observed, however, that in none of the
54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’25
variations are the pores closely concentrated around the spines, but are somewhat scattered over the more or less chitinized area.
Specimens, which have been stained enough to show the degree of chitinization of the anal lobes and the relative abun- dance of dorsal setae and pores, should be distinguished from Pseudococcus maritimus, which has fewer dorsal setae and pores and usually a weakly chitinized anal lobe, with pores always closely crowded around the cerarian spines, as shown in Fig. F.
On one specimen the left anal lobe possessed but a single spine (Fig. G), while the right lobe of the same individual was quite close to the typical form.
LITERATURE CITED Ferris, G. F., 1918—The California Species of Mealy Bugs, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Pub. Series.
An Appeal for Hungarian Entomologists.
Epitor, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS:
I have received a sad story from Josef Jablonowski, of 3udapest, who is the editor of the publication known as Folia Entomologica Hungarica, published by the Hungarian Entomo- logical Society. He writes me that the Society before the war had more than seven hundred members. Jablonowski has been president for ten years or more, Doctor Horvath having preceded him. Since the war, the society has lost more than two-thirds of its members for one reason or another, and they are at their wit’s end to continue the publication. He wishes me to appeal to American entomologists and entomo- logical societies for support of one kind or another. To illus- trate his financial difficulties, he tells me that the printing of the edition and the postage costs: of the second number of Folia (32 pages) were more than 4,500,000 kroner.
It occurs to me that you might insert some words to this general effect in a near number of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws. Of course, it will be difficult for American subscribers to read the articles, which are in the Hungarian language, but we old fellows know that most entomologists can read almost any- thing in lines that are of especial interest to them.
L. O. Howarp, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1925.
Entomology at the Convocation Week Meetings, December 29, 1924 to January 3, 1925.
The meetings of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science and of associated scientific societies were held at Washington, D. C., on the dates above mentioned. It was the seventy-ninth meeting of the Association and the fifth at Washington.
Papers relating in whole or in part to tracheate Arthro- pods were listed on the programs of the following twelve organizations :
Pamerican Society Of Zoologists .. lei... sess es ee eee 16 The same with the Ecological Society of America ........ 1 Pimomolwoteal Society of America i200). 0. 2) a 2s ee. 29 The same with the Ecological Society of America ........ 9
American Association of Economic Entomologists (includ- ing its sections on Apiculture and Horticultural In-
SBVSCLOW)) AE Se AS, I A cnr ee aR en OS SVS) SU Pe Re IR aS oa re 1 ommed Society ok Atmebicd 18.205. Foss fe ee a Sek 1 Joints Genetics Section of Amer. Soc. Zool. and Bot. Soc.
TANITA ESS, cae ear celle oat ge MES IG. era PAA aero AP ti Section N, A. A. A. S., with Society of American Bacteri-
CLOUGH S Sree eee, We See Bit oa Bud en. oindet 1 Beciety ot mmetican Bactteriologistsw. 2). 0... ren wae 1 pimehican tbystolosical’ Societys (0. Pe 2s Se 1 Seciem, Of Atiericame POTeStets: Fs Uh. eles See 1 Reta SsOtiat@nmOieAMerniCa ose hee cee rk eae 1
orc ue Ieee er nea SE Ik ee, PAL. SBS 166
eles: 166 papers were concerned with the following subjects :
ie INemenclattre. 7245 nee 1
uae Joh eee aes 8 General Subjects: <2. ee 4 ARCA TTTY AaSliate cei nese Ras area ara 5 General Economic Ento-
etIsiOlosy : =... 5... % se. 22 INO OSes. ee ete oe 8
PYRO = segs lay ce ss os Filnsectictdess 25-7.,:.:. ae 25
Gintorenty 503) Ve See So [2eeApicultuce “a2 sis see ae 10 Meemetiesy.Aey a 4-0 <) oh x ate shoe 11 Insects Affecting Cereal,
iexonomiy: fe lii.. 6 yeas oe 10 Forage and Field Crops.11
WOOP ees ay esd os oes 20" Wom bruck-Crops* 22870 ./:. 10
Parasites'‘of ‘Insects °....'.. 2 Do. Greenhouse Plants ... 4
Insects Affecting Man and Doar. qe ee tak ts Ss 17
PGAIABIS Ja ics ZratleGnsiet2 4 Wer Storeds Products, . 34... 6
| SSVGUNS' TG) © NAR 2 Do. Forest and Shade Trees 8
Bibliography TF. .s... 53s. 1
56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS {Feb., 25
il. Heteroptera, p.cesn% ta. 50s 6 Comprehensive Groups ... 7 Thysanoptera ............ 1 INTANIGIII A is, wteve aus eee 1 Coleoptera 2... 223.52. 20 Orthoptera << s.15 3% saya g Hymenoptera (excl. Apis). 9 Tsoptetay os. 2. eae A APIS 20. eee cee ee, 10 Odonata. v.\.. 2.0. see ee 2.) Lepidoptera: “35229. © 24 Neurgptera . ) ce eeeorre j Mecoptera :...-°...- Beaeieae | Hemiptera in General ..... 1 Diptera (excl. Drosophila) .21 Flomoptera: (or. ee eee 25° “Drosophila. Saete aac wera 6
Many of these figures are duplicated both between sections 1 and ui, and also within -each section wherever a paper was of wide interests.
The total number of papers, 166, is less than that listed (180) for the Cincinnati meeting of the preceding year ; this is largely due to the extensive ecological symposium of the Entomological Society at the Ohioan city, embracing 41 very brief papers. Entomological symposia as such were not the order of the day this year, although the program of the Economic Entomolo- gists grouped the papers to a degree approaching that of such discussions. Two papers listed above were given in the Zoolo- gists’ symposium on ‘Sex Determination and Sex Differentia- tion.”
The daylight meetings of the biological societies were held in the extensive Central High School building on Clifton Street. An excellent entomological exhibit was displayed in the room adjoining that occupied by the two societies of ento- mologists, the Entomological Society of America sitting the first three days, the Economic Entomologists on the last four days.
The annual address to the Entomological Society of America was on “The Needs of the World as to Entomology” and was given by Dr. L. O. Howard at the Cosmos Club on the evening of December 31. Its conclusion was marked by a hearty round of applause testifying to the esteem in which he is held by his colleagues and disciples. It was followed by a smoker for which we were indebted to the Entomological Society of Wash- ington.
The annual address of the President to the Economic Ento- mologists, by Mr. A. F. Burgess, was given on Thursday morning, January 1, and was entitled “Our Association.”
A biologists’ smoker on Monday evening, December 29, at the new National Museum, was largely participated in by ento-
xxxvi; 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS oe
mologists, while the entomologists’ dinner was held in Harvey’s restaurant, Friday evening, January 2.
The annual Sigma Xi address this year was in applied ento- mology: “War on Diseases, with Special Reference to Malaria and Yellow Fever,” by Dr. F. F. Russell, General Director of the International Health Board, given Tuesday evening, De- cember 30, in beautiful Continental Memorial Hall.
The number of persons registered at the A. A. A. S. head- quarters was above 4000; how many of these attended ento- mological meetings we have not attempted to estimate. We returned from a four days’ stay in the capital with a pleasant recollection of old and new friends met, even if accompanied by a sense of confusion inevitable when so many societies meet simultaneously.
Third International Congress of Entomology.
Apropos of the editorial in the News for January, page 27, I have just received another letter from Dr. Jordan in which he says the International Congress will be held July 19 to 26, 1925. “As general secretary we shall have Dr. Leuzinger, Glori- astrasse, 72, Zurich, 7.” Dr. Jordan will have postal notices sent to all that attended the two previous meetings and such other persons that may have become interested since 1912. It is distressing to think the last one was 13 vears ago.
HENRY SKINNER.
The New York State List of Insects.
- It is gratifying to announce that the compilation of the pro- posed List of the Insects of New York State is now definitely to be completed. Dr. M. D. Leonard, who was appointed Editor-in-Chief while Acting- State Entomologist of New York, returned to the Department of Entomology at Cornell Univer- sity, Ithaca, New York, December last to again take charge of the project. His entire time will be devoted to the comple- tion of this list and the New York State College of Agriculture has definitely promised publication provided the MS. is ready by June 1, 1925. .
It is estimated that over 16,000 species will be listed as definitely occurring in New York, together with as complete distribution data within the State as is known for each species. Several orders are already practically completed. Over one hun- dred of the leading specialists are actively co-operating. The Editor of the list will greatly appreciate definite New York State records in all groups and will see that full credit is given to every co-operator.
58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 25
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph at the end of their respective orders. Those containing descriptions of new genera and species occurring north of Mexico are preceded by an *
For records of Economie Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
9—The Entomologist. 11—Deutsche Ent. Zeitschrift. 18—Internationale Entomolog. Zeit., Guben. 19—Bulletin, Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 22—Bulletin of Ent. Research. 25— Bulletin, Soc. Ent. France. 26—Entomolog. Anzeiger, Wien. 45—Zeit. f. Wissenschftl. Insekentb., Berlin. 49—Ento- molog. Mitteil., Berlin. 61—Proceedings, California Acad. of Sciences. 62—Bull., Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York. 68—Science. 69—Comptes Rendus des Seances, Acad, Sci. Paris. 75—Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 77—Comptes Rendus d. Seances, Soc. Biologie, Paris. 89— Zool. Jahrbucher, Jena. 103—Proc., Zool. Soc. London. 105—Proc., Biol. Soc. Washington. 115—Jour. of Morphol- ogy, Philadelphia. 118—Die Naturwissenschaften, Berlin. 129—Jour. of Parasitology, Urbana.
GENERAL. Crampton, G. C.—Notes on the relation- ships indicated by the mandibles of certain holometabolous insects. 19, xix, 158-63. Dover, C.—The terminology of homotypes of insects. 68, Ix, 590. Dunn, M. S.—Social insects... (Popular Se; Wect Pla. Coll Phar eo. Sci.,ont: 90-113.) Gershenfeld, L—Household insect pests and how to rout them. (Popular Se sect, Philay Coll) Phar & Ser, li, 114-53.) Isaac, P. V.—A practical and simple method for rearing tabanid larvae. (Mem. Dept. Agr. India, Ent. Ser., vili, 53-9.) Seydel, C—Ueber eine-ausserst wirksame, prakt. u. sparsame vorrichtung zur abwehr bzw. abtotung von raubinsekten in Ent. Samml. 45, xix, 220-3.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Bowen, R. H.—Studies on insect spermatogenesis. 115, xxx1x, 351-414. Bugnion, E.—Le sac infrabuccal et le
RxnvIy 2.)| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35)
pharynx des fourmis. 77, xci, 998-1002. Friedrich-Turn, J—Schulpraparate vom maikaefer. (Mikrosk. f. Naturf., Berlin, ii, 270-2.) Frisch, K.—Sinnesphysiologie und “sprache” der bienen. 118, xii, 981-7.. Gasow, H.—Eain geeignetes objekt zur untersuchung der embryonalentwick- lung von schmetterlingen. (Microkosmos, xviii, 25-7.) Gaubert, P.—Sur la polarisation circulaire de la lumiere reflechie par les insectes. 69, clxxix, 1148-50. Gerould, J. H.—Periodic reversal of heart-beat in a chrysalis. 68, Ix, 570-2. Hewer, T. F.—The intelligence and sense organs of dragonflies. (An. Rep. Bristol Nat. Soc., vi, 38-45.) . Johannsen, O. A.—Fye structure in normal and eye-mutant drosophilas. 115, xxxix, 337-50. Knoll, F—Blutenekologie und sinnesphysiologie der insekten. 118, x11, 988-93. Kon- nemann, R.—Ueber den darm einiger Limnobiidenlarven. 89, xlvi, Anat., 343-88. Lutz, F. E.—Insect sounds. 62, 1, 333-72. Mercier, L.—Action des vapeurs. de naphtaline sur Calliphora erythrocephala. Etude des lesions micro- scopiques presentees par les individus mal formes. 69, clxxix, 1202-5. Paillot, A.—Sur une nouvelle maladie des chenilles de Pieris brassicae, et sur les maladies du noyau chez les insectes. 69, clxxix, 1353-6. Poulton, E. B.— Papilio dardanus: the most interesting butterfly in the World. (Jour. East Africa & Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc., No. 20, 4-22. Reukaul, E.—Bilder zur lebensgeschichte des wasserbaren. (Mikrosk: f. Naturf., Berlin, wu, 262-9.) Semicohn, L.—L’articulation femoro-tibiale des criquets. 25, 1924, 162-4. Singh-Pruthi, H.—Studies on insect metamor- phosis—I. Prothetely in meal-worms and other insects. Effects of different temperatures. (Proc. Cambr. Phil. Soc., Biol. Sc., i, 139-47.) Tanaka, Y.—Maternal inheritance in Bombyx mori. (Genetics, ix, 479-86).
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Viosca, P.— Perambulating millipeds. 68, 1x1, 19-20.
*Marshall, R—Water mites of Alaska and the Canadian northwest. (Trans. Am. Micros. Soc., xliii, 236-55. Mello- Leitao.—Opiliones laniatores do Brasil. (Archiv. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, xxiv, 107-97.) Sellnick, M.—Oribati- does Brasileiros. (Archiv. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, xxiv, 283-320. ) ;
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Bagnall, R. S—Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera. 75, xiv, 625-40.
60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’25
ORTHOPTERA. Wolf, J.—Contribution a la morpho- logie des bacteroides des Blattes (Periplaneta orientalis). 77, xci, 1180-83.
HEMIPTERA. Davis, W. T.—The _ seventeen-year cicada on L. I. with particular reference to its appearance in 1923. 19, xix, 182-4.
*Hussey, R. F.—A new N. A. sp. of Microvelia. A change of name in Miridae, for Orthatylus delicatus. 19, xiv, 164-5. *McAtee, W. L.—Records of species of the genus Erythro- neura, with descr. of new forms (Eupterygidae). 105, xxxvii, 131-4, Osborn, H.—Neotropical Homoptera in the Carnegie museum. (Ann. Carnegie Mus., xv, 383-462.) *Torre-Bueno, J. R.—A preliminary survey of the sps. of Microvelia of the western world, with descr. of a n. sp. from the southern U. S. 19, xix, 186-94.
LEPIDOPTERA. Buckstone et al.—Protection of Bri- tish butterflies. 9, 1924, 279-81. Kilburn, F. M.—Life his- tories of Maine butterflies: The mourning cloak. (Maine Nat. Jour. iv, 54-6.) May, E.—Observations on the duration of the pupal stage of Rothschildia speculum and others of the same genus. (Archiv. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, xxiv, 349-51.) Philpott, A.—The tibial strigil of the lepidoptera. (Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., lv, 215-24.) Schwanwitsch, B. N.— On the ground-plan of wing-pattern in Nymphalids and certain other families of the rhopalocerous L. 103, 1924, 509-28.
Bell, E. L.—Collecting notes regarding Atrytonopsis hianna. 19, xix, 163. Forbes, W. T. M.—The lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. (Cornell Univ., Mem. 68.) Hering, M.—Neue und bekannte Zygaeniden vom Amerika. 11, 1924, 265-77. Meyrick, E.—A new Tortricid from south Brazil. 49, xiii, 117. Nakahara, W.—A revision of the genus Basilarchia (Nymphalidae). 19, xix, 166-80. Niepelt, W.—Neue Nymphaliden von Columbien. 18, xviui, 189. Parlin, J. C—A moth new to Maine: Eurrhypara urticata. (Maine Nat. Jour., iv, 56.)
DIPTERA. Nikolsky, V. V.—Observations of the abil- ity of larvae of Anopheles maculipennis to crawl. 22, xv, 177-8. Rudolfs, W.—Mosquito breeding in specific places. 129, xi. 79-83. Wieland, G. R.—Rhaetic crane-flies from 50. America. (Am. Jour, Sci, 1x, 21-28)
XxXvI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61
Borgmeier, T.—Contrib. para o conhecimento dos Phori- deos do Brasil. (Achiv. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, xxiv, 323-46.) Dyar & Shannon.—The subfamilies, tribes, and genera of American Culicidae. (Jour. Wash. Ac. Sc., xiv,
472-86.)
COLEOPTERA. Wilson, C. B.—Water beetles in rela- tion to pondfish culture, with life histories of those found in fishponds at Fairport, Iowa. (Bul. U. S. Bur. Fisheries, xxxix, 231-45.) Wusthoff, W.—Nochmals ueber prapara- tion kleiner kaefer. 26, iv, 152-3 (cont.)
Pic. M.—Melanges exotico-entomologiques. Fasc. 42. Schmidt, M.—Die amerikanischen Callichrominen nach sys-. tem. u. phylog. gesichtspunkten dargestellt. 11, 1924, 297-
21
ai.
HYMENOPTERA. Chopard, L.—La fourmi d’argentine dans le midi de la France. (Ann. des Epiphyties, Paris, vii,
237-66.)
Borgmeier, T.—Catalogo syst, e synon. das formigas do Brasil. (Achiv. Mus, Nac. Rio de Janeiro, xxiv, 33-103.) Lovell, J. H.—The bees of Maine (Maine Nat. Jour., iv, 71-6. Cont.) *Mitchell, T. B—New megachilid bees. _ (Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., xl, 154-65.) Robertson, C.~ —Systematic position of Dasygastrae. 19, xix, 181. *Sand- house, G. A.—Bees of the genus Osmia in the collection of the Cal. Acad. Sci. 61, xiii, 341-72. *Sandhouse & Cockerell. —The bees collected on the expedition to the Gulf of Cali- fornia in 1921. 61, xiii, 333-9. *Taylor, L. H.—Chrysididae from Lower California. 61, xiii, 325-32.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
Deuxieme expedition antarctique Francaise.— (1908-1910), ieeGnharcor, se: Nat..Docum. -Scient. This work, .the pertinent parts of which were published in 1913, have just been received at the Academy here. The following orders are covered: Dipteres, par Keilin; Mallophaga et Ixodidae, par Neumann; Collemboles, par Ivanof. Macrolepidoptera of the World.—Faun. Amer., Pts., 155, 156, . These parts contain pages 45-84 of volume 8, and treat of the genera Euxoa to Protagrotis, by M. Draudt. What killed off fos- sil animals ?—Paleopathological development. By H. Win- sor. This article was published in the Western Medical Times, 1924. Suggestion is made that insects and insect- born diseases may have been responsible for the unex- plained extinction of fossil animals.
62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 25
Tue TSeETSE FLIES.
When Austen’s Handbook of the Tsetse Flies appeared in 1911, with 110 pages of text and ten beautiful colored plates, it seemed that there was little remaining to be said on the tax- onomy of Glossina. Nevertheless, during the next dozen years about half a dozen new species were discovered, and the addi- tions to our knowledge of the morphology, distribution, habits and natural enemies of the tsetse flies were voluminous. The volume just received from the University Press of Liverpool, by Professor R. Newstead, with the collaboration of Alwen M. Evans and W. H. Potts, bears the title “A Guide to the Study of Tsetse Flies.” It may fairly be called a monograph, for it -covers the subject in great detail, with 332 pages, 28 plates and four maps. The genitalia have been minutely studied, and in every case illustrated by large drawings. The distribution is given in detail, and all available particulars about parasites and predatory enemies have been gathered together. If all groups of insects could be dealt with in the same thorough manner, Entomology would advance as we can hardly now imagine, with varied benefits to mankind. But even were the work to be done, it would, in a world so generally indifferent to scientific progress as that of today, be impossible to print the results. The tsetse fly is favored because, like the sensa- tional criminal who gets the front page, it is a conspicuous male factor.
The taxonomic treatment is so careful that it appears to be final, except that other views are likely to be taken concerning certain categories. Thus, the authors are no doubt correct in refusing to divide Glossina into several genera, but they do set forth three groups, of which they say that they ‘are so widely different as to lead one to assume, without taking the other external features into consideration, that they represent three distinct genera.” Thus they themselves have supplied ample reasons for recognizing subgenera, which will take the names Glossina proper, Ne morhina Rob.-Desv. (not Nemor- hinus Schonh.), and Austenina Townsend.* Again, the authors cite several color-varieties, but also supposed subspecies or races which differ in their genitalia, and so far as we may judge, are actually valid species. G. congolensis (Newst. and Evans), called a variety of G. fusca, represented by numerous examples, is structurally distinct in the genitalia of both sexes. G. fuscipes Newst., now called a subspecies of G. palpalis, i
* The figures on Plate i seem to suggest that these Saheence may be further defined by venational characters, but I have examined the actual flies, and do not find that this is the case.
——
SKXVI, 25 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 63
distinct both in genitalia and distribution. G. disjuncta (Potts), called a variety of G. schwetzi, is based on a single specimen, but it has good structural characters.
Although the literature on fossil tsetse flies is cited in the bibliography, it is singular that the only reference to them in the text which occurs in the foreword by Professor Stephens, is misleading. The writer says “Glossina has existed from Pleistocene times, as fossil remains prove,” but we know noth- ing of Pleistocene Glossina. The four species from Florissant date from the Miocene Tertiary. i; D: Av CockeREnr:
REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE F'IrtTH ENTOMOLOGICAL Meetine HeEtp at Pusa on the 5th to 10th February, 1923. Edited by T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, Imperial Entomologist. Calcutta Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1924. Pp. xiii, 422, 37 plates. —This meeting was attended by 41 members and 4 visitors; 13 contributors, not present, were represented by papers. The 61 pages read are grouped under 12 sections: Crop Pests, 25; Forest Entomology, 2; Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 5; Household and Store Pests, 1; Lac, 1; Silk, 1; Life-histories and Bionomics, 10; Collection and Preservation, 1; Systematic Entomology, 9; Publications and Organization, 4; Miscellaneous, 2. While the Indian Em- pire is the main area under discussion in this volume, there are in its pages many topics of interest to entomologists every- where. We have space to mention only a few of them.
As a result of the deliberations following Mr. Fletcher’s paper, “The American Cotton Boll-Weevil: A Menace to India,” in which an opinion by Dr. W. D. Hunter is quoted, the Conference unanimously passed a resolution that certificates or warehouse receipts that imported cotton was more than six months old will not afford adequate protection against the intro- - duction of weevil and “that the Indian Central Cotton Commit- tee should consider the advisability of recommending the total prohibition of cotton from America; and as alternative, that all bales containing such cotton should be fumigated et port of entry and that such entry should be restricted to Bombay.” C. C. Ghosh records Cirphis unipuncta caterpillars appearing in large numbers and behaving as an “army worm” in three different districts in Burma, in 1922. R. B. C. S. Misra tells of “The Citrus White-fly, Dialeurodes citri, in India and its Parasites, together with the Life-history of Aleyrodes ricint” in connection with the shipping of some of the living parasites to Prof. J. R. Watson, of the University of Florida. Of much interest in its field is Dr. C. F. C. Beeson’s “The Geographical
64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 725 Distribution of the Coleopterous Borers of Sal (Shorea ro- busta). In “The Bionomics of the Sarcoptic Mange Parasite of the Buffalo,” T. M. Timoney describes a method for observ-
ing the daily average number of eggs laid by numerous oviger-.
ous females in their galleries andi for studying the life-cycle ; the resistance of ‘el parasite to adverse natural (sunshine, darkness, moisture, dryness) and artificial (an acaricidal agent) conditions ; and the resistance of eggs to the same active and passive conditions. M. O. T. Lyengar summarizes the views of Roubaud and others on “The Importance of Animal Pro- phylaxis in Malaria’ and adds some observations from India. In “The Evolution of the Faculty of Communication in Arts,” Major R. W. G. Hingston, author of A Naturalist in Himalaya, traces step by step the development of communication by the olfactory sense in Phidole indica from the use of tactile stimuli in such an ant as Camponotus sericeus. Interesting surveys of advances in taxonomy are contained in Bb. P. Uvarov’s “The Collection and Study of Indian Orthoptera” and R. Senior White’s “Recent Progress in Our Knowledge of Indian Dip- tera.” R. B.C. S. Misra’s “List of Coccidae in the Pusa Col- lection’”’ states that ‘The San José Scale is a serious pest in Kashmir and is very far from being under control,’ examples being given. H. Singh, after recounting difficulties in persuad- ing farmers that caterpillars develop. into moths, suggests “Methods to be adopted to make the Indian Farmers believe in the instructions for Killing Insect-Pests.” Under “Co-operation in Indian Entomology,’ Mr. Fletcher makes the regrettable announcement that ‘on account of increasing provincialization and financial stringency Government have now definitely aban- doned the idea of a [centralized] Entomological Service and have postponed indefinitely the creation of an Entomological Institute,’’ which promised to reduce “the present enormous an- nual wastage of the wealth of the country.” This waste is estimated in a second article, ‘Publicity for Entomology in India,” at “two thousand millions of rupees [= $700,000,000 | every year . . . more than the entire revenue of the Gov- ernment of India.” In the course of discussion on these sub- jects a resolution was adopted “That this Meeting recommends to the Indian Universities that the subject of Entomology be taught as of equal rank with other branches of biological science in the courses of study for the examinations of the Universities for degrees in Science including Agriculture.” Almost at the end of the volume, C. C. Ghosh has notes on “A Few Insects Used as Food in Burma.” Finally there is an Index of 14 pages. P. P. CALVERT.
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ITOMOLOGICAL NEWS
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VoL. XXXVI _MARCH, 1925 No. 3 CONTENTS Coolidge—The Life History of Euchloe Brimley—Odonata Notes from North creusa hyantis Edw. (Lepid.: Pie- Carolira:.*. ..ccctiestec see Nee nee 85 TCG ye inand anaoo Geen Conte DOOE ee 65 |/Editorial—What shall be done with the Hayes—A Preliminary List of the Ants J 8! NO WS" 2s ciscrcauiaselonice sateen 86 of Kansas (Hymenoptera, Formi- ¥ Coolidge—Nathalis iole Bdv. in Cali- cidae) (continued from page 43)... 69 fornia (Lepid.: Pieridae).......... 86 Brimley —New Species of Diptera from Cockerell—Diploplectron in California INORCHLC AGIA = 1) sleteisie's sieicie esis viele 73 (Hymen.; Sphegoidea)............ 87 McAtee—Predatorial Capacity (Odo- McAtee—European Species of Eupteryx TIRE A) ols cisieis soaddadnecasodsseenoogon 77 in the United States (Homoptera : Knight —Neocapsus cuneatus Distant Buptenyoidae)ecccctenitecimasssiciect 88 in Arizona and Texas, with a Vari- Entomological Literature.............. 88 ety Described from Mississippi and Review of Comstock’s Introduction to North Carolina ( Heteroptera, Miri- Entomology: secene ss scteecieeaeeny 94 V2) ABpddaBOseeS onanonoserogeesanes 78 Articles on Jean Henry Fabreand Elea- Bueeeeli_Coleantera of the Pacific NOW ONMeELOG se crsielele salts sicleleseistoaoe 95 Coast, Notes and Criticisms....... 79 Obituary—A. H. Fass]l-Teplitz........ 96
The Life History of Euchloe creusa hyantis Edw. (Lepid. : Pieridae). By Kart R. Cootipce, Hollywood, California.
What I take to be the race hyantis of Euchloe crewsa Dbl. is not a common butterfly in Southern California. Especially along the coast is it a rarity. I have taken it once in Santa Barbara County, several times in Ventura County, and on one occasion, February 15, 1923, I came across a small colony disporting about a hilltop in the heart of Hollywood. It is more frequently to be found inland, in the desert and semi- desert regions. The late W. G. Wright formerly took it in considerable numbers about San Bernardino. I know of but several captures on the Colorado Desert, but on the Mohave, provided there has been sufficient seasonal rain to bring forth the plant life, it is quite common, though only for a short period.
On April 18, 1919, I found the butterfly in numbers on the Mohave Desert, about half way between Mohave and Rands- burg. A female was observed ovipositing, and a search of the food plants revealed more eggs and larvae in practically all stages, indicating that the species had been on the wing several On the Mohave the food plant is the “Squaw
65
weeks or more.
66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Marsy es
cabbage,” Caulanthus amplexicaulis Wats., of the Brassicaceae. No doubt, various other crucifers serve as food, as Caulanthus does not seem to occur about Palm Springs, on the Colorado Desert, where /ryantis is occasionally found. Incidentally, the dead stalks of Caulanthus, when rustled by a slight wind, pro- duce a sound startlingly like that of the rattling of a rattle- snake, on several occasions causing me to stop abruptly and watch my step.
The eggs are laid mainly on the young buds, though I noted an occasional one on the stems and leaves. So, too, the larvae show a decided preference for the buds and flowers, but will attack any other portion of the plant, lacking these. The larvae are voracious feeders, as can be attested by the following record:
An egg laid April 18. Passed third moult April 29.
Hatched April 22. Passed fourth moult May 2.
Passed first moult April 24. | Suspended May 6.
Passed second moult April 27.
As far as I know, there is but the one brood a year, and, without doubt, in dry, unfavorable weather the pupae hold over until the following spring, thus remaining two years in a chrysalis state. But I would not be at all surprised to find hyantis in part double-brooded in certain favorable localities. This is true of ausonides Bdy., of which a fair percentage of the pupae I have bred emerged in early summer, differing from the vernal generation in being slightly larger and a trifle more yellowed. But what bearing this has on pseudoausonides Verity, described as a spring form of ausonides, I do not know.
The egg.—Subfusiform, the base broadly truncate, swelling out roundly to the middle, where the greatest width occurs, and thence tapering at first evenly and then rapidly to the summit, which is narrowly truncate. Marked with a series of promi- nent, sharp, vertical ribs, about every one of which terminates just before reaching the apex. These ribs .1 mm. apart, .02 mm. in thickness at the summit, and numbering seventeen in the one egg examined. Between the vertical ribs the surface is rather deeply concave, glistening and marked with a series of fine straight cross-lines, .02 mm. apart, and forming with the main ribs even quadrate cells. The micropyle in a broad but
aad
xecxvG, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67
shallow depression, .08 mm. in diameter, of a slightly deeper tint than rest of egg. The micropylar rosette composed of a group of rather distinctly defined round cells averaging .015 mm. in diameter. :
Color, when first laid, a very pale lemon yellow, becoming more and more orange as the embryo larva develops. Height, 1.08 mm.; width at apex, .1 mm.; width at base, .26 mm.; greatest width, in middle. .48 mm.
Larva, First Instar—Head .27 mm. in width, well rounded, the median suture but slightly depressed; smooth, except for some scattered minute papillae that give rise to black bristly hairs, .03 mm. in length. Color of head dark chestnut brown, shining.
On the body the usual Anthocharid series of papillae in the following arrangement: A _ supralateral row, situated ante- riorly on the segments. A lateral row, placed posteriorly. A suprastigmatal row, just above and a little behind the line of the spiracles. An infrastigmatal series, posteriorly. These papillae prominent, conical, .02 mm. in height and .03 mm. in diameter at base. From them emerge straight black hairs, enlarged at their tips into compressed clubs that support hyaline drops of fluid. These bristles .003 mm. in width at base and .002 mm. at their tins. Those on the first and ‘second thoracic segments are slightly tonger than elsewhere, where they measure .08 mm. in length. Also. on the first and second thoracic they project anteriorly, while on the remaining seg- ments they are erect. Spiracles prominent, suboval, crateri- form, .02 mm. in diameter, with a fine black ring.
Color of body dull amber vellow. Ventral surface and pro- legs concolorous; legs shining golden. Length 1.08 mm.; width at first thoracic .24 mm.; at anal seement .18 mm.
Second Instar—Head dark green, as before, with a few scattered bristle-hearing papillae giving rise to black hairs. Width of head .64 mm.
Series of papillae on body as before, now .06 mm. in height, with the emerging black bristles .10 mm. in length. In addi- tion. numerous smaller papillae. .015 mm. in diameter and height. from which arise short black hairs .04 mm. in length. Spiracles .035 mm. in width, finely ringed with brown.
Color of body light green to green vellow, quite variable. Length 3.20 mm. Width at first thoracic .48 mm.; width at anal segment .42 mm.
Third Instar—Head dark green now rather thickly beset with conical black tubercles, .04 mm. in diameter, from which arise stout, blunt, black bristles, .12 mm. in length and .002 mm. in width. Width of head 1.1 mm.
68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Wars "25
Body papillae as before, of the regular series .08 mm. in height, .06 mm. in width, with the arising bristles .12 mm. in length. The numerous smaller papillae .02 mm. in diameter and height, with their hairs .05 mm. in length. Spiracles .05 mm. in diameter, finely ringed with brown.
Color gray green, variable as to shade. An uneven substig- matal band, averaging .18 mm. in width, and lemon yellow in color. Length 6.mm. Width at first thoracic 1. mm.; at anal segment 80 mm.
Fourth Instar—Head dark green, as before beset with papillae bearing stout bristles. Width of head 1.40 mm. Body as before, except for increased size of all the papillae and aris- ing hairs. Color of body gray green, varying. The stigmatal stripe now well defined, white in color, .5 mm. in width. Length 12. mm. Width at first thoracic 1.20 mm.; at anal segment 1. mm.
Fifth Instar—Head dark green, 2. mm. in width, thickly studded with black tubercles, 05 mm. in diameter, from which arise colorless hairs; these tubercles .03 mm. in height, and the hairs that project from them .1 mm. in length.
Color of body dark green, thickly covered with black papillae, always situated, except below the stigmatal stripe, on irregular patches of reddish purple; on the anterior segments these pur- plish blotches predominate over the ground color. Spiracles .2 mm. in length, pale green. A prominent pure white stig- matal stripe, .6 mm. in width, and edged above by narrow reddish purple stripe. Ventral surface and prolegs grass green; legs gray green. Length 22. mm. Width at first thoracic 2 70 mim.; width at anal segment 2.10 mm.
Finished feeding, the larvae empty their intestines, decrease to 18. mm., and the body becomes almost solidly purplish red. Pupation occurs as in allied species. Practically all the larvae I gathered were parasitized by a species of Tachinid fly, and the only example to attain maturity went into pupation before a more complete description could be made.
The Pupa—Elongate bent fusiform, tapering very gently toward either extremity. Thickest in the middle, with the palpi case slenderer than the posterior end, .5 mm. in width at its pointed termination. The posterior end truncated. Color pale wood brown, the wing cases a shade darker and flecked, as are all the anterior parts, with numerous fine black points and streaks of varying sizes. A narrow even brownish ventral - line, becoming obsolete as the two ends are approached. A slightly wider but disconnected lateral band. Spiracles indi- cated by faint brownish points. Length 17. mm. Width in middle 3.5 mm.
eX XU, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 69
A Preliminary List of the Ants of Kansas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). (Continued from page 43.) By Wo. P. Hayes, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. DOLICHODERINAE.
DoRYMYRMEX PYRAMICUS Roger. This is a new record for the state. Specimens (determined by M. R. S.) in the State Agricultural College collection were taken in Trego County.
D. PYRAMICUS var. FLAVUS Pergande. Also a new varietal record. Workers of this variety were taken at Manhattan, May 20. This variety and its specific form (cited above) are recorded in the Wheeler list from the “Southern States.”
D. sp. Males of an undetermined species are in the State Agricultural College collection from Riley County, July 22, and October 10, and there are specimens of males from Trego County.
IRIDOMYRMEX PRUINOSUS var. ANALIS André. Specimens of this variety (determined by W. M. W.) were found abundantly at Winfield in 1915, under stones in pasture land associated with colonies of Solenopsis molesta Say. In the Tucker list this variety is reported from Lawrence. Specimens have been taken frequently by the writer at Manhattan from April to July in corn fields and in native pasture land.
FORMICINAE (CAMPONOTINAE).
PRENOLEPIS IMPARIS Say. This common ant occurs from New England to California. It was first reported in Kansas by Tucker from Lawrence, where he found males in March and April. His list places the species in the subgenus Nylanderia but according to the Wheeler list it belongs in the subgenus Prenolepis s. str. Several workers and males are before the writer collected by J. B. Norton, in Riley County, on April 3 (determined by M. R. S.).
PRENOLEPIS PARVULA Mayr.’ This species spelled “parcula”’ is found without locality designation in the Crevecoeur list.
P. (NYLANDERIA) VIVIDULA MELANDERI Wheeler. This species adds a new state record to the Kansas list. Specimens (determined by M. R. S.) of males, females and workers are at hand collected by F. A. Marlatt, in Riley County, in May.
P. nreETUs Mayr. Also found in the Crevecoeur list, but is not listed in Wheeler’s list of North American ants.
P. (NYLANDERIA) sp. A number of specimens of another species which M. R. Smith was unable to specifically determine
70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mare e25
are in the State Agricultural College collection. These were collected by the writer in the vicinity of Manhattan in April.
LASIUS NIGER var. NEONIGER Emery. This species, without varietal designation, occurs in the Bridwell list of Kansas Hymenoptera as Lasius alicnus Forst. It has been shown to be synonymous with L. niger. The varietal name here given (determined by M. R. S.) is new to the state list. Tucker, in his list, cites it from Colorado but not from Kansas.
L. NIGER var. AMERICANUS Emery. This variety has been reported by Tucker from Lawrence where he found males and females in April and in September found males at night.
L. umpratus Nyl. var. Also reported in Tucker’s list from Lawrence.
L. (ACANTHOMYOPS) INTERJECTUS Mayr. First reported for the state by Tucker from Lawrence. Specimens are at hand from Manhattan, where winged forms were collected in April.
L. (AcCANTHOMYOPS) CLAVIGER Roger. This species, spelled “clavagers,’ is reported in the Crevecoeur list. It is probably from the vicinity of Franklin County.
L. (AcANTHOMYOPS) LATIPES Walsh. This species was reported for the state by Crevecoeur. Specimens of workers in the State Agricultural College collection were collected at Manhattan, by Popenoe, in October.
L. spp. Undetermined males and females are before the writer from Riley County, collected by Marlatt, Popenoe and Norton. Popenoe’s collections were made in June.
FORMICA SANGUINEA subsp. SUBINTEGRA Emery. This species was determined by M. R. Smith. A single worker collected in Riley County by the writer serves as a new state record.
F. RUFA var. AGGERANS. Two workers from Wallace County, collected July 20, in the State Agricultural College collection add this new name to the state list. This species is reported from Nebraska, Colorado and Dakota in Wheeler’s list.
I, ExsEcToIDES Forel. Another new state record. Workers collected by the writer in Riley County were determined by M. R. Smith. This species has been called the “Mound-building ant of the Alleghenies,”’ and is quite widely distributed in the northeastern states.
F’, PALLIDE-FULVA Latr, Several workers are at hand from Riley County, collected in July and September. M. R. Smith writes in a letter that he has examples of this species from Kansas. So far as can be ascertained, this species has not been previously reported from this state. Its range is the southern states.
I’, PALLIDE-FULVA subsp. scHAUFUSsI Mayr. Tucker re-
eeKVI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS a
ported this subspecies from Lawrence, where he collected a female in July. One worker (determined by M. R. S.) was collected by the writer in Riley. County. This species has a northern range.
F. PALLIDE-FULVA subsp. NITIDIVENTRIS Emery. This species has been taken in the state and recorded by Crevecoeur. The writer has workers from Kansas City, Kansas, and from Riley County.
F. FUSCA var. SUBSERICEA Say. Tucker found males of this variety at Lawrence in July. Workers are in the State Agri- cultural College collection from Riley County, also found in July.
F. suppotira Mayr. This species, listed as Formica fusca Linn. subspecies subpolita Mayr, is recorded from Lawrence by Tucker, who found a female in July. There is a possibility of an incorrect determination for Wheeler (1916, p. 599) believes that Mayr’s species may have been F’. neogagates Emery.
F. sp. Undetermined species of males and females of this genus are in the State Agricultural College collection as follows: One male from Riley County, in the Popenoe collection, July 29; one male from Riley County in the Norton collection ; one female from Wallace, Kansas, July, 1885; one male from Riley County, July 13, in the Norton collection.
POLYERGUS RUFESCENS subsp. BREVICEPS Emery. This species has not been seen by the writer from Kansas, but Wheeler’s list records its range from Colorado to Arkansas and Illinois, and it should, therefore, occur in the state.
P. RUFESCENS subsp. LucipuS Mayr var. MONTIVAGUS Wheeler. In a recent letter to the writer, M. R. Smith stated that he had specimens of this variety from Kansas.
CAMPONOTUS MACULATUS var. NITIDIVENTRIS Emery. This species and variety is not found in previous Kansas lists. Four workers are in the Kansas Agricultural College collection col- lected April 14 in Riley County. Other specimens at hand are from Trego County. It is native to the western states.
.C. MACULATUS Fabr. ssp. Specimens without further desig- nation from Riley, Gove, and Cowley Counties were determined for the writer by M. R. Smith.
C. cASTANEuUS Latr. This species is listed in the Crevecoeur list without varietal designation. It is found mostly in the Atlantic states.
C. CASTANEUS var. AMERICANUS Mayr. This variety is cited by Tucker with the locality designation “Kansas.” The writer has taken workers of this variety (determined by W. M. W.) near Winfield, in September. Specimens are also at hand from
72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS {Mar., 25
Riley County. Wheeler’s list gives the northeastern states as the range of this variety.
C. HERCULEANUS Linn. .Cited in the Bridwell list without varietal designation.
C. HERCULEANUS subsp. PENNSYLVANICUS DeGeer. This sub- species is found in the lists of both Bridwell and Tucker. Brid- well’s specimens were in the collection of Baker University. Those cited by Tucker were taken at Lawrence, where he found workers in April and June and winged forms in July. Speci- mens are before the writer from Riley County. This is the common carpenter ant which occurs from Canada to Texas and often becomes a pest by damaging woodwork and _ infesting houses in search of sweets.
C. HERCULEANUS subsp. PENNSYLVANICUS DeG. var. FER- RUGINEUS Fabr. One worker of the variety (determined by M. R. S.) is at hand from Riley County. This variety has not been previously recorded from this state. Wheeler cites its range as from New York to Illinois.
C. FALLAX var. NEARCTICUS Emery. This variety is cited in the Tucker list as C. marginatus Latr. var. minutus Emery from Lawrence.
C. FALLAX var. MINUTUS Emery. This variety is also cited by Tucker from Lawrence under the species marginatus. It is found in the northeastern states.
C. FALLAX var. DECIPIENS Emery. This species is reported by Tucker in a later publication (1913) from Lawrence, where he found males, females, workers and soldiers in a bee hive infested with moths. He further notes that this variety was reported (1906) by himself as C. marginatus Latr. var. decip- iens Emery. Workers (determined by M. R. S.) of this variety in the Kansas Agricultural College collection were taken in Riley County, in March and April. This variety is found from the middle states to Texas.
C. FALLAX subsp. prscotor Buckley. A new subspecies is here added to the state list. Workers (determined by M. R. S.) have been taken by Marlatt in Riley County in April.
C. cCARYAE. var. Workers of this species were swept from Polygonum in Riley County by J. B. Norton on September 8. This species (determined by M. R. S.) is not found in previous state lists.
LITERATURE CITED.
Bridwell, J. C. 1899. A list of Kansas Hymenoptera. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 16: 203-211.
Buckley, S. B. 1866. Descriptions of new species of North American Formicide. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 6: 152-172.
mocxy, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 73
Crevecoeur, F. F. 1922, Additions to the list of Kansas Hymenoptera. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 30: 385-388.
Dean, G. A. 1908. The mound-building prairie ant. Kans. Agri. Exp. Sta. Bull. 154, pp. 165-180.
Emery, Carlo. 1894. Beitrage zur kenntniss der Nordameri- kanischen Ameisenfauna. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. fur Syst., 8: 257-360.
Hayes, W. P. 1920. Solenopsis molesta Say (Hym.): A biological study. Kans. Agri. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull. 7, pp. 1-55.
Smith, M. R. 1916. South Carolina Ants. Ent. News, 27: 110-111.
Smith, M. R. 1918. A key to the known species of South Carolina ants, with notes (Hym.). Ent. News, 29: 17-29.
Snow, F. H. 1881. Preliminary list of the Hymenoptera of Kansas. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 7: 97-101.
Tucker, E. S. 1908. Concerning some insects collected and bred from dead and dying elm. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 21: 158-162.
Tucker, E. S. 1909. Additional results of collecting insects in Kansas and Colorado. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 22 : 276-303.
Tucker, E. S. 1913. Further records of insects personally collected in Kansas and Colorado. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 25: 54-63.
Wheeler, W. M. 1910. Ants, their structure, development and behavior, 663 pp., 286 figs., 1910. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
Wheeler, W. M. 1916. Formicoidea. Hymenoptera of Connecticut. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bull., 22 pp., 577-601.
New Species of Diptera from North Carolina.
By C. S. Brimiey, Entomological Division, North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C.
Chilosia swannanoa n. sp. (Syrphidae).
3.—Eyes hairy; facial tubercle large and prominent; hind tibia with a decided emargination on posterior side near apex; third antennal joint longer than broad; face bare.
Black, the third antennal joint dark brown, the legs dark brown, with the following yellow or yellowish, apices of all femora, front tibiae, base and apex of middle and hind tibiae, and first two joints of four anterior tarsi; hind tarsi wholly dusky. All tibiae and tarsi covered with short fulvous pubescence which tends to obscure the ground color. Pile of
74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., *25
body rather plentiful, whitish, except on mesonotum, where it is nearly or quite black, and on frontal lunule, where rather long black hairs are mixed with whitish ones; pleura with whitish pile. There are also black bristly hairs above bases of wings and on sides of scutellum, which latter has also a fringe of white hairs on the posterior margin.
Wings pale sooty, a little more yellowish at base and with stigma yellowish. Calypteres whitish, halteres dark at tip.
Length 9 mm., wing 7 mm.
Type, one male collected by myself at Swannanoa, North Carolina, on September 5, 1924.
Runs in Shannon’s key to the genus (Insec. Inscit. Men.,-X- 127 [1922]) to florella, but has the wings pale fuscous, and the antennae and pile on mesonotum dark.
Odontomerus dorotheae n. sp. (Trypetidae).
Honey yellow, with an oval black spot on each side of scutellum, the apex of abdomen also blackish.
Front broader than either eye, narrowed gradually to opposite antennal base, the face widening below antennae, so that the face and front together are rather broadly hour-glass-shaped. Antennae wholly yellow, the third joint twice as long as broad, rounded at tip; arista long, black, short plumose. One orbital bristle, one vertical and one post vertical.
Thorax with two bristles just before base of wing, one above the same and two pre-scutellars, and one on mesopleura. Scutel- lum with a pair of apicals. All the femora with spines, there being about four stout spines on the front femur, four on the middle and nine on the hind femur.
Wings yellowish, more so at base, with an apical dusky spot centering on apex of third vein and extending posteriorly to apex of fourth vein and anteriorly about half-way to apex of second; the small and hind cross-veins are also clouded and there is a narrow dusky crossband extending from the fifth vein across the junction of second and third veins to, but not across, the first vein. The veins appear bare under a hand lens, but are microscopically hairy. The anal cell is rounded posteriorly.
Abdomen rather long and narrow, narrower than thorax, the first segment much narrowed at base.
Length 7 mm., wing 6 mm.
Type, a female, taken at Raleigh, North Carolina, August 11, 1923, paratype female, Raleigh, June 11, 1924.
ZEXVI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 75
Neuroctena ruthae n. sp. (Sciomyzidae).
Head about as in Cresson’s figure of simplex (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XLVI, Pl. II, fig. 21), antennae porrect, the second joint short, triangular, the third joint short-oblong, a little longer than broad. First vein setulose from where the second and third veins separate from it, to the very tip. Hind cross- vein about half-way between small cross-vein and tip of fourth vein.
One frontal bristle on each side, two verticals, one post- vertical. Two ocellars. One humeral, two notopleurals, one pre-sutural, two supra-alars, one interalar, two postsuturals, one propleural and three sternopleural bristles on each side. Scutel- lum with four bristles. Legs without bristles except at extreme apex of tibiae.
Yellow, the abdomen brownish-piceous, strongly contrasting in color with the rest of the body, the last joint of the tarsi and all the hairs and bristles, including the arista, black. Wings yellowish hyaline, the color deepest anterior to the fourth vein, hind cross-vein clouded.
Type: A female taken by myself at Franklin, North Carolina, on May 22, 1923.
Near N. simplex, but abdomen is not concolorous with thorax.
Tetanocera vicina nanciae n. subsp. (Sciomyzidae).
Similar to T. vicina, but the wings are very much paler, and the fourth vein has no stumps proceeding from it, nor dark spots on it, the small and hind cross-veins alone being clouded.
In vicina the fourth vein has one or more small stumps pro- ceeding from it, each of which is marked by a dark spot, and there are other dark spots along the vein without any stumps. In eight Raleigh specimens, including both sexes, there is always present a single stump projecting downward from the fourth vein between the two cross-veins, sometimes there are two, and sometimes also another projecting upward in the same region or one projecting backward beyond the hind cross-vein or one or two before the small cross-vein, while in one the hind cross- vein bears a stump. These stumps are mentioned in Loew’s description of plumosa (vicina), and are figured by Cresson in his figure of the wing of vicina (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Paleo ha 1, figs)7).
Type: A male, Bryson City, North Carolina, May 24, 1923; paratypes, two males, same date and locality, and one male, Franklin, North Carolina, May 22, 1923, all taken by myself.
76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., 725
Odontomyia annamariae n. sp. (Stratiomyidae).
?.—Length about 10 mm. Abdomen about as broad as long, measuring about 5 mm. each way. Antennae short, about as long as head or a little longer, first joint about twice second, third about as long as first two combined, composed of five segments, the last two tapering to the blunt, rounded apex. Third vein not forked. Four posterior veins, the anterior a little weaker than the others.
Head with the following pale yellow: whole posterior orbits, anterior orbits to a little above antennae, there sending a bar inward across the front which does not meet its fellow, cheeks, an irregular bar nearly separated into three triangular spots below ocelli, and an irregular V-shaped spot on each side of the face, the V opening downwards, and the following black: a narrow bar from eye to eye across vertex and including ocelli, a similar bar also from eye to eye, across front and con- nected in middle with black of face, remainder of front and face except as above noted. First antennal joint yellow on basal half, rest of antennae dark.
Thorax wholly blackish above, except a yellow band extending forward on sides from scutellum half-way to suture. Scutel- lum wholly yellow with two short spines near apex, pleurae largely yellow, pectus dark.
Abdomen blackish, with following pale yellow, linear anterior edge of segment 1, large triangular space on each side of 2, extending from base to apex on sides, and from side to side on posterior edge, thus enclosing a large subtriangular black space which occupies most of the segment at the base and extends nearly to the apex barely reaching it in the middle, a narrow line extending from the sides along the posterior margin of 3 about one-fourth of the way to the middle, a short spur at the posterior angle of 4, and the entire lateral margins of 3, 4 and 5 continuing a little more broadly round the apex of 5. Venter with segments 1 and 2 wholly yellow, 3 yellow in mid- dle, 4 and 5 wholly dark.
Legs with the coxae and femora, except extreme apex of latter, black, extreme apex of all femora yellow, front and middle tibiae with apical fourth black, apical half of hind tibiae black, basal portions of all tibiae yellow, first two joints of tarsi and often part of third, also yellow, rest dusky.
Wings hyaline, a little clouded in the basal cells, and yellowish on the basal half in the costal; veins yellowish, darker near the discal cell.
The abdomen is shorter and broader than in any other mem- ber of the genus known to me, and it also differs from all I know in the color pattern of the abdomen.
mv, 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77
Type: A female taken on the flowers of Viburnum pruni-' folium, April 11, 1923, by myself. Eulonchus marialiciae n. sp. (Cyrtidae).
General color dark bluish, but the thorax mostly metallic green above; legs, except the dark coxae, light yellow, very slightly infuscated at the tips of the tarsi. Pile yellowish brown, except on the abdomen, where it is darker and brown.
Eyes hairy, narrowly separated both above and below the antennae. Antennae dark brown. with the third joint long, flattened and gradually widening from the base nearly to the apex, rounding off at the apex from the upper to the lower margin. Proboscis straight, about half as long as in Cole’s figure of sapphirinus, reaching nearly to base of hind coxae. Ocelli three on the usual raised tubercle.
Wings hyaline, the veins dark, second submarginal cell petio- late, the petiole twice as long as in sapphirinus, the marginal cell broadly open on the wing margin, the fourth posterior cell is not petiolate at base, but is separated from the second basal by a cross-vein ; anal cell closed a little distance from the poste- rior margin of the wing: the second submarginal cell closed at base not by a transverse cross-vein, but by a thickening and short coalescence of the veins forming its anterior and posterior margins. Each of the tibiae with a short apical spur.
Type: One male, collected on Andrews Bald Mt., Swain County, North Carolina, on June 23, 1923, by Mr. J. C. Craw- ford.
This species runs in Cole’s key to EF. sapphirinus from Cali- fornia, but is distinguished by the much shorter proboscis, and by the details of venation mentioned above..
The unique types of the species described in this paper will be retained, at least for the present, in the entomological col- lection of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, the tvpes of the others will be deposited in the U. S. National Museum.
Predatorial Capacity (Odonata).
At Mud Lake, East Fort Leavenworth, Missouri, July 29, 1919, I captured a specimen of Sympetrum corruptum Hagen that was feeding upon another dragonfly Pachydiplax longi- fennis Burmeister, which was fully its equal in size in every tespect. These specimens were determined by Dr. C. H. Kennedy.
W.L. McAtez, U. S. Biological Survey, Washington, D. C.
78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., ’25
Neocapsus cuneatus Distant in Arizona and Texas, with a Variety Described from Mississippi and North Carolina (Heteroptera, Miridae).*
By Harry H. Knicut, Ames, Iowa.
In his Catalogue of the Nearctic Hemiptera-Heteroptera (1910), Mr. Banks recorded Neocapsus cuneatus Distant from Texas. Mr. Van Duzee gives no additional records in his Catalogue of Hemiptera (1917), and as late as 1919 does not recognize the genus from the United States in his keys to genera of Nearctic Miridae (Univ. Calif. Publ., Vol. I, p. 220).
Recently I have received a specimen from Mr. A. A. Nichol, collected June 15, 1924, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, which agrees very closely with the figure and description of Neocapsus cuneatus Distant (Biol. Centr. Am., Heter., I, p. 438, Pl. 38, fig. 6, 1893). For some time I have also had a mutilated and unplaced specimen of the same species, collected May 31, Chirie Mountains, Arizona. The rather coarsely but shallowly punc- tured pronotum and hemelytra with transversely striated scutel- lum, coupled with the color characters, would seem sufficient to reccgnize cuneatus Distant. In the ‘description of the genus Neocapsus, Distant mentions the “pilose” character of the pubescence (apparently in the Dipterous sense), but in describ- ing cuneatus this character is not mentioned.
The present specimens identified as Neocapsus cuneatus Dis- tant, have the dorsum nearly glabrous, the pubescence being very minute, somewhat appressed and scale-like, apparently with one such hair in each puncture on pronotum and hemelytra. The Arizona specimens have the scutellum partly yellow, while a specimen from College Station, Texas (Mar. 24, 1904), has the pronotum, scutellum and cunei orange yellow, with a pale area appearing on basal half of corium.
Specimens are at hand from Mississippi and North Carolina which at first glance would be taken for Neocapsus cuneatus with a reddish yellow scutellum. However, close inspection shows the scutellum to be entirely smooth, without a suggestion of the apparently distinctive transver sely striated surface of
* Contribution from the Department oF Toolepy, and Entomology, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa.
KEKVI, G2) | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 79
cuneatus Distant. The smooth character of the scutellum may be merely a variation or race characteristic of the eastern form, but with such a difference present it seems best to use a varietal name rather than make the mistake of recording a Mexican species from the eastern United States, a form which eventually might prove distinct when biological studies are made.
Neocapsus cuneatus var. leviscutatus new variety.
Length 5.5-5.9 mm.; the larger specimen with pronotum 2.5 mm. wide at base and 1.34 mm. in length. Very similar to cuncatus Distant, but the scutellum entirely smooth; shining black, pronotum and scutellum orange red, but with subbasal margin of pronotal disk, calli, and anteriorly, except collar, more or less black; front of head reddish, but with black appearing on tylus and just above base of antennae.
Described from a male, May 7, 1915, Agricultural College, Mississippi (G. F. Arnold) ; author’s collection. Two females, June 20, Linville Falls, North Carolina, alt. 4000 ft. (I*. Sher- man).
The genus Neocapsus Distant is very similar to Horctas Distant, and, in fact, will prove hard to separate in a key, although the shallowly and sparsely punctate pronotal disk of the former can be pointed out as different from the nearly smooth disk of the latter. In cuneatus Distant the pronotum appears shorter and broader, also the head is noticeably shorter than in Horcias dislocatus (Say).
Coleoptera of the Pacific Coast, Notes and Criticisms. By Frank E. BLaispELi, San Francisco, California.
Omus reynoldsi Casey, Memoirs, XI, 1924, p. 5.
This form of Omus cupreonitens B. & R. has recently been described and based upon a single male specimen, which, on account of its narrow form and subcuneate elytra, suggested the grade of subspecies. Coleopterists of the Pacific Coast are well aware that a certain per cent. of the males of several specis of Oims have the elytra gradually narrowing to base and the humeri obsolete. The form under discussion was con- sidered by Mr. Reynolds and myself in our description of the
80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar.,.’25
species (Ent. News, XXVIII, pp. 49-55, Feb., 1917), and a careful perusal of the paper will be elucidative. A selected series of fifty specimens of cupreonitens is before me, and in it are seen all intergradations between the males with subangu- late and those with obsolete humeri. Small males are found in all species that I have ever collected. Some one hundred and fifty specimens of cupreonitens were collected from a small area at the type locality as stated with the description of the species. Many specimens were distinctly coppery in the sunlight when first collected, and all were distinctly shining, hence the name cupreo-mtens (coppery-shining), the color ranging from coppery to deep black. Reynoldsi is an absolute synonym. It is a form (forma). A form is not a taxonomic grade, but a group of individuals of a species, subspecies or variety as limited, selected because they vary in the same way as regards color, sculpturing, size and shape.
Omus blaisdelli Casey, Can. Ent. Vol. XLI, p. 260, Aug., 1909.
The forms described as ovipennis and torvus by Col. Casey (Memoirs, VII, 1916, p. 14; XI, 1924, p. 11) are absolutely synonymous with blaisdelli Casey. They were collected by Mr. Beverly Letcher and myself. The variations of blaisdell were discussed by Mr. Reynolds and myself in our paper on cupreonitens. A selected series of thirty-five specimens are before me, showing large, robust females, less robust males and the ovipennis and torvus forms, as well as intermediates.
Cicindela latisignata Lec.
In Zoe, Vol. III, No. 1, April, 1892, p. 47, the writer pub- lished a short paper on the Cicindelidae found in San Diego County, California, in which was discussed the variation in maculation observed in latisignata. On one or two occasions in the author’s early papers vexatious mistakes were made; they arose from the fact that a number of species had been wrongly identified. As a result of such a determination the narrower marked form of latisignata was recorded as tenui- cincta. The specimens with very broad and confluent elytral markings have quite recently been named obliviosa by Col.
eaXvi, 725) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 81
Casey. In the writer’s boyhood days much time was spent on the ocean and bay beaches about San Diego, with an unlimited opportunity—in those pioneer days—to observe the actions and relations of the several species of Cicindela inhabiting the San Diego region.
The results of these studies were included in the paper referred to above. In a large series of latisignata at hand all intergradations connecting the narrower and broader marked specimens can be studied. It is very obvious that obliviosa Casey is nothing more than a mere form of Jatisignata, and therefore an absolute synonym.
Another and analogous case may be mentioned at the present time—that of apricoidea Casey (Memoirs, IV, 1913, p. 32), an immaculate form of saulcyi. The author’s series of saulcyi and apricoidea is a complete refutation of even the grade of variety. Specimens of saulcyi have been seen which show the normal markings on one elytron and the other immaculate. If an elytron be removed froma specimen of apricoidea and held up to the light, the pattern of maculation normal to saulcyi can usually be discerned. The pattern simply did not come to the surface during the closing moments of the ontogenesis of the insect. Such a condition may be sporadic in some localities, while in others a larger number of individuals are affected.
The time is not far distant when the status of these forms will be better understood, and as not due to changes in germ plasm, but to environmental or ecological conditions. Check- lists should not be encumbered with the names of forms. These should be left for consideration in current papers or mono- graphs and to their proper recognition in collections. It is not too much to say that most of the maculate species of Cicindela have occasional or sporadic immaculate individuals: Note dorsalis, saulc\1, hemorrhagica, sierra, etc., and the collection of a series in the region which they inhabit will give all of the intermediate gradations between the maculate and immaculate forms.
Cicindela pacifica Schaupp. San Diego is the type region for this subspecies of hemor- rhagica. I have taken it abundantly on the ocean! beach at Del
82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mars'25
~
Mar, San Diego County, California. In that locality pacifica was not intermixed with hemorrhagica (1881). The specimens collected were deep bluish-olive with a sericeous luster and all immaculate, although when an elytron was held up to the light the maculation was more or less discernible, It should be noted that Schaupp (Syn. Cicindelidae of the U. S. of N. Amer., Bul. Brooklyn Ent Soc., Vol. VI, p. 106) states that pacifica “occurs intermingled with the type equally numerous on the ocean shore of San Diego, California.” My fine series was destroyed by the great earthquake of 1906. Another series has been acquired, but it is not quite the same thing, and at the end of the series the specimens lead to bisignata Dokh. and on into hemorrhagica. I cannot make up my mind that it is the same as the Del Mar subspecies. At any rate, I consider the true pacifica as a valid subspecies. It must, however, be differentiated from the sporadic immaculate form of hemorrhagica which occurs wherever the type species is found, be it on the ocean or bay beach, in an alfalfa field, in an interior valley or on the streets of a city. These sporadic immaculate individuals of hemor- rhagica are not common. They never occur in numbers in any one locality, as do pacifica and bisignata.
Bembidion suspectum Blais. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1902, p. 76, Feb.
Col. Casey in his Memoirs, XI, p. 40, states that this species is identical with and a synonym of indistinctum Dej. This opinion is based on a specimen which I sent to him. Suspectum is a distinct species as far as indistinctum is concerned, and I would be very much aggrieved if I thought that I sent him a specimen of indistinctum.
The latter species is one of the most common species of Bem- bidion in the middle coast regions of California, as determined by the late Mr. Hayward and Dr. Van Dyke. In every speci- men of my long series of indistinctum the microscopical sculp- turing of the elytral and pronotal surfaces consists of an extremely fine reticulation; the specimens had not been previously separated by this character. In suspectum the sculpturing consists of very fine transverse lines. This form
Sexcvile 20'| ENTOMOLOGICAZ NEWS 83
of sculpturing is seen in the specimens referred to coloradense Hayw., where it is constantly present. Suspectum belongs to the dentellum group rather than to the indistinctum section. In fact, it has been suggested that it is not distinct from den- tellum Thunb.—again I am on the defensive. The latter, according to Col. Casey, does not occur in the United States. The type of suspectum came from Oregon, and the species is distributed as far south as San Francisco.
Listrus montanus Casey.
This species was very kindly identified for me by Col. Casey. My original specimens consisted of a pair. A recent examina- tion of the male showed that the third joint of one antenna had a distinct spinule near the apical border, as in the male of maculosus Casey. <A closer study showed that my series of montanus consisted entirely of large and small females and that my series of maculosus were all males. The species occurs on willows chiefly, and is quite widely distributed. Maculosus is therefore the male of montanus and falls into synonymy.
Eulabis crassicornis Casey. VII. Coleopterol. Notices II, 1890, p. 404.
A specimen, supposedly of this species, was given to me by Col. Casey several years ago. It was collected on Catalina Island, the type locality. Upon examination I found numerous stubs of hairs on the declivous sides and apical area of the elytra. Cyrassicornis is described as glabrous and devoid of elytral pubescence. I have since received other and similar specimens from the Island, and everyone has given distinct evidence of abundance of hairs on the elytra. The species is said to be smaller than /aticornis Casey ; the specimens are also smaller than the average specimens of pubescens Lec., with which crassicornis is identical, and therefore synonymous. Similar specimens occur on the mainland.
Eulabis montanus Casey. Memoirs, XI, 1924, p. 330.
This species has recently been described and defined as “larger and with relatively narrower hind body than rufipes.”’ It is based on a single specimen from Eldorado County, Cali- fornia. Rufipes has a wide range of distribution, and, besides,
84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., ’25
is very variable in size; smallest in the extreme southern part of the State (San Diego County), largest about San Fran- cisco and on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Moun- tains. Ina very long series—more than a hundred specimens— the largest specimens taken in the Sierras are no larger than the largest taken about San Francisco.
The males of rufipes are all relatively narrower in the hind body, and the pronotum is as wide as or slightly wider than the elytra; these characters are most noticeable in individuals above the average size. The mentum is carinate in the median line, and the crest of the carina is flattened anteriorly and sometimes with a very feeble oval depression. The females are relatively shorter and broader in the hind body, and the carina of the mentum is subacute at the crest. In the male the secondary sexual characters are well marked, the surface of the abdomen being less convex and impressed along the median line.
I see no reason why montanus should be considered even as a race, as similar specimens occur about San Francisco. There are all intermediates between the extremes, both in Central and Southern California. Montanus is simply a form as defined above under Omus reynoldst.
The following distribution of rufipes is taken from my large series: Measurements (extremes ).—Length, 4.5 mm. (Poway, San Diego County) ; 7.5 mm. (San Francisco) ; 8 mm. (Tuo- lumne County).
San Diego and Poway, San Diego County, July. San Fran- cisco, October 21, 1906; June 14 and September 20, 1908. Santa Cruz County, June, 1896. Marina, September 14; Pacific Grove, September 6, 1920, Monterey County. Sunol, Alameda County, May 14, 1922. Dipsea, Marin County, June 8. Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County, June 26, 1921; Davis Meadow, June, 1903. North Fork, Madera County, March 14, 1920, 7000 feet elevation. Tuolumne County, May 15, 1914. Specimens in Dr. Van Dyke’s collection were collected in Eldorado County.
Eleodes snowi Blais. Bull. 63, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1909, p. 317. Fall and Cockerell in the list of the Coleoptera of New
0. 0NIe Aad | ENTOMOLCCICAL NEWS 85
Mexico (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX XIII, June, 1907) express the belief that Jecontei and snowi are one and the same species. It must be admitted that there was some doubt as to the rela- tion of these two species. A single specimen of typical lecontei was received from Mr. Frederick Blanchard at the time that the Monograph on the Eleodiini was under way, and it was very carefully compared with specimens of snowi from New Mexico and Arizona. I decided that they were not the same species. The solution of the question depended on acquiring a series of lecontei. This was accomplished some four or five years ago. Mr. Alfred Champlain while resident in Colorado sent me a series from El Paso County of that State, which proved to be identical with the Blanchard specimen. These specimens verified my opinion regarding the specific standing of lecontet and snowi. Lecontei is much more depressed dor- sally and asperately sculptured than snow.
Odonata Notes From North Carolina.
Enallagma pictum Morse. On June 4, 1921, while at Fay- etteville, | observed a number of Enallagmas flying about the banks of a small stream, late in the afternoon. A number of these were captured and one proved to be a male of this species. The others were FE. exsulans and E. signatwm. Two days later I went to the same place in the middle of the day but only found a single exsulans.
Coryphaeschna ingens Rambur. A large nymph taken at Williamston, October 23, 1924. The lateral stripes extend forward on the sides to above the bases of the middle pair of legs and there is a dark stripe on the sides of the head back of the eyes. The labium is very long, extending backward between the hind coxae nearly to their apices. Length 55 mm. The specimen is exactly like Kennedy’s figure (Entomological News, XXX, 106, April, 1919).
Nasiaeschna pentacantha Rambur. A nymph taken at Williamston, in the same piece of water as the Coryphaeschna nymph but two days earlier, October 21, 1924, was wholly black in color, its dark coloration and short labium strongly con- trasting with the light colors and long labium of the bigger species. Length 42 mm.
C. S: Brimey, Ent. Div., N. C. Dept. Agr., Raleigh, N. C.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEXVS@
PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Marca, 1925.
What Shall Be Done with the News?
In the January number we referred to the rising cost of publication, and asked for comments from our subscribers. One was received. Are you interested in what you want for your money, or do you read our editorials, or do you think that we are best fitted to know how to meet the rising cost of publication? Of course we know how this can be done, but it cannot be done without your help. Our contributors are paying for their illustrations, but we cannot ask them to pay for their contributions yet awhile. We hope it will not come to that. It is you readers, you subscribers, who are now concerned and we think rightly so, as you will see. It is your money we are using. Do you want a smaller journal, or are you willing to pay more for a larger one? About eight years ago we published 480 pages for $2.00 and ended each year with a good balance. Now we are unable to give 380 pages for $2.50 without facing a bad deficit. There are about eight Se entomological journals publishing over 100 pages per year, excluding those more strictly economic. These pub- lished in 1924 an average of 275 pages for $3.00, or about nine pages for ten cents. These, excluding the News, ranged from eleven to five pages for each ten cents, while we gave you fifteen pages for the same amount. Does not this show you that we are giving you more than any of the others gave? We think it is possible to give you ten pages for ten cents, or 300 pages for $3.00, and still give you what no other American journal is giving, a list of the current literature. How does this sound? How does this fit your pocketbook? The current literature list alone should be worth this to any working entomologist, and the reading matter should be worth that to ‘the others ; at least we strive to make it so. We would be pleased to hear from any and all of you who think we are not already giving you $3.00 worth and why. Yes, we want to know this Way. Be CS alee
Nathalis iole Bdv. in California. (Lepid., Pieridae).
Here on the Pacific Coast this butterfly is as erratic in its appearances as in the Eastern States. In some seasons about Los Angeles it is quite frequent, and then may entirely disap- pear fora period of three or four years. Its northern limit in California is probably Santa Barbara, where I took a single
86
Sku 25) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87
specimen. I have never seen it on the Mohave, but it is thor- oughly at home on the Colorado Desert, where there are prob- ably four broods, and possibly several more. The first one issuing about the middle of February, the second towards the last of March, a third about the 25th of April, and another and by far the largest in point of numbers, in early October. Along the coast the food-plant is the alfilerilla, Erodium cicu- tertum (Linn.) L’Her, of the Geraniaceae. On the desert I have found eggs laid on the upper and under surfaces of the leaves, and on the sepals of the Composite plant Palafoxia linearis, and the egg may be described as: In shape rounded fusiform, the base a little rounded, thence swelling out roundly to the greatest width, in the middle, and from there tapering evenly to a narrow rounded apex. Surface of egg minutely punctate. Marked longitudinally with faint low ridges, only .003 mm. in thickness, and .02 mm. equidistant. These ribs irregular, coalescing here and there with adjoining ribs, and they are connected by still lower and finer cross lines, so as to form fairly even quadrate cells. Color when first laid a pale orange brown, in forty-eight hours becoming a bright lemon yellow, with the apical portion, to a distance of about .06 mm., altering to a sordid white. Diameter of base .16 mm.; diameter in middle .34 mm.; diameter at summit .12 mm. Height .96 mm. Karu R. Coorince, Hollywood, California.
Diploplectron in California (Hymen.: Sphegoidea).
In 1893 Fox described Diploplectron, a very remarkable genus of fossorial wasps, the only known species being recorded from Colorado and Nevada. In 1899 Ashmead added three species from Colorado, and in 1909 Rohwer described seven more, also from Colorado. One of the Colorado species occurs in Nebraska, but the genus appears to be lacking in the Eastern and Southern states, and has not been recorded from the Pacific coast. However I have betore me a California specimen of D. foxw Ashm. (described from Colorado), collected by Mr. W. M. Giffard at Summit, Placer Co., 7000 ft., Aug. 24. A genus of eleven species, all of Colorado, with three only known to extend into other states, none of which appears to possess en- demic forms, certainly presents a curious problem in distribu- tion. It is still more astonishing to find that there is one more species (D. kriegeri Brauns, 1899) described from Port Eliza- beth, S. Africa. Possibly many species exist which have not been observed, and when these are known the distribution will not appear so anomalous.
T. D. A. CocKErELL, Boulder, Colorado.
88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., 25
European Species of Eupteryx in the United States (Homoptera; Eupterygidae).
Recent studies have increased knowledge of the occurrence of European species of the genus Eupteryr in the United States; that coming to the writer’s attention is here recorded.
E. artemisiae \irschbaum.—-Arnold Arboretum, Boston, Mass., swept from Artemisia sp., July 27, 1921, Harold Mor- Fison: ~ (GS) Nev)
E. concinna Germar.—Woods Hole, Mass., July 9, 1900 (Coll ED: Ball).
E. melissae Curtis.—Has already been recorded from Massa- chusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, and Cali- fornia. Reasons for use of this name (covering collina Flor and guinquemaculata Baker) will be found in Ent. News, Vol. 30, ‘No. 7, July, 1919) pr iss:
EF. stellulata Burmeister.—This is the species redescribed by Sanders and De Long as Typhlocyba inscripta, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 24, No. 4, April, 1922, pp. 99-100, Connecticut.
The distribution suggests that all of these species have been introduced.—W. L. McAteer, U. S. Biol. Survey, Washington, DG:
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph at the end of their respective orders. Those containing descriptions of new genera and species occurring north of Mexico are preceded by an *.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
1—Trans., The American Entomological Society. 4— Canadian Entomologist. 7—Annals, Entomological Society of America. 8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine. 10—Proc., Entomological Society of Washington. 14— Entomologische Zeit., Frankfurt, a.M. 18—Internationale Entomolog. Zeit., Guben. 20—Societas Entomologica, Stutt-
EXXVE, 125] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 89
gart. 25—Bull., Soc. Ent. France. 26—Entomolog. An- zeiger, Wien. 33—Annales, Soc. Ent. Belgique. 37—Proc., Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 48—Wiener Entomol. Zeitung. 51— Notulae Ent., Finland. 57—Revue Men., Soc. Ent. Namu- roise. 75—Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 77— Comptes Rendus d. Seances, Soc. Biologie, Paris. 89—Zool. Jahrbucher, Jena. 101—Biolog. Bulletin, Woods Hole, Mass. 105—Proc., Biol. Soc. Washington. 109—Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Nation. Hungarici. 116—Ann. of Applied Biology. 125—Verhandl. Z-B. Gesells., Wien. 130—Ohio Jour. Sciences. 133—Jour. Experimental Zool. 135—Quart. Jour. Microsc. Sciences. 137—Archiv f. Zoologi, Stockholm. 146—Annales, Mus. Nac. Hist., Nat., Buenos Aires. 153— Bull., Mus. Nat. Hist. Naturelle, Paris. 154—Zoolog. Anzeiger.
GENERAL. Barber, G. W.—A study of the cause of the decrease in the infestation of the European corn borer, in New England area during 1923. . (Ecology, vi, 39-47.) Bezzi, M.—Gli inconvenienti della specializzazione: a proposito di una recente opera sulle galle. (Natura, Milano, xv, 182-94.) Chahovitch, X.—Contribution a l’etude de l’immunite chez les insectes. (An. Soc. Linn., Lyon, 1923, 94-5.) Frank, Dr.—Zwei steckenpferde. 14, xxxvii, 64. Heikertinger, F.—Wie baut man eine bestimmungstabelle ? 48, xli, 141-58. Hoffman, A.—Schultz vor unreellen elemen- ten. 26, v, 5-6. Lovett, A. L.—Obituary notice. 7, xvii, 355-6. Macgregor, M. E.—Special apparatus and technique for the study of mosquitoes and other aquatic insects. (Parasitology, xvi, 388-97.) Meissner, O.—Insektenpsychol- ogie. 14, xxxviii, 55-6. Oberthur, C.—Obituary 14, xxxviii, 57-8. Weiss, H. B.—Notes on the ratios of insect food habits. 105, xxxvili, 1-4. Wheeler, W. M.—Courtship of the calobatas. The kelep ant and the courtship of its mimic, Cardicephala myrmex. (Jour. Heredity, xv, 485-95.)
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Bodine, J. H—Hydrogen ion concentration of the blood and alimentary tract of certain Orthoptera. 101, xlviii, 79-82. Bodine & Orr.—Physiological studies on respiratory metab- olism. 101, xlviii, 1-14. Bryk, F.—Ueber die disphrago- phorie der schmetterlingsweibschen. 20, xxxix, 45-7. Cowdry, E. V.—The occurrence of Rickettsia-like micro- organism in adult locusts (Tibicen sp.). 101, xlviii, 15-18.
90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar 725
Cros, A.—Cerocoma vahli, Moeurs Evolution. (Bul. Soc. Nat. Afrique d. Nord, 1924, 262-92.) Janet, C.—Reven- dications. 1923, Limoges, l3pp. Jucci, C.—Bivoltin- ismo e partenogenesi nei bachi da seta (Bombyx mori). (Atti, R. Accad. Naz. Lincei, xxxiii, 345-8.) Kuhl, W.—Das zirkulationssystem der insekten. 18, xviii, 220-24. Lee, M. O.—-On the mechanism of respiration in certain Orthop- tera. 133, xli, 125-54. Muir, F—Homoplasmy or convergent development in evolution. 37, v, 473-83. Nath, V.-—Egg follicle of Culex. 135, Ixix, 151-75. Pavlovsky, E. N.— Studies on the organization and development of scorpions. 135, Ixviii, 615-40. de Permentier, R.—Coloration artificielle des Lepidopteres. 57, 1924, 69-71. Poisson, R.—Sur la persistance des muscles vibrateurs du vol chez un Hemip- teres-heteropt. brachyp.; Chorosoma schillingii. 77, xcil, 4-7. Remy, P.—L’iode et le developpement des insectes. Bul. Soc. Sc., Nancy, ii, 45-54.) Roberts, A. W. R.—The primitive position of the spiracles in insects. 8, lx, 275-6. Semichon, L.—Sur le tissu adipeux dans les ailes de ll Hypo- nomeute. (Lep.) 25, 1925, 207-8. Singh-Pruthi, H.—Re- cherches sur la metamorphose des insectes. Influence des traumatismes. 77, xcii, 76-7. The development of the male genitalia of Homoptera, with preliminary remarks on the nature of these organs in other insects. 135, Ixix, 59-96. Turner, C. L.—A mutation in the moth-like fly (Psychoda alternata) and the method of its transmission. 101, xlviii, 128-38. Wehrle, L. P—A study of the segmentation of the antennae of the clover-flower midge, Dasyneura legu- minicola. 7, xvii, 416-8.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Sokolow, I.— Untersuchungen uber die eiablage und den laich der Hydra- carinen. (Arch. f. Hydrobiol., Stuttgart, xv, 338-405.)
Barrows, W. M.—Additions to the list of Ohio spiders. I. 130, xxiv, 311-14.) *Chamberlin, R. V.—A new clubionid spider of the gen. Phruronellus from Calif. 105, xxxviii, 7-8. Vellard, J—Etudes de zoologie. Sous ordre des Myga- lomorphae et des Aranomorphae. (Arch. Inst. Vital Brazil, Niteroi, 11, 121-170.)
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Lacroix, J. L.—Etudes sur les Chrysopides. (An. Soc. Linn., Lyon, 1923, 153-9.) Lamb, L.—A tabular account of the differences between the earlier instars of Pantala flavescens. (Odon- ata.) 1, 1, 289-312. Schoenemund, E.—Beitrage zur biologie
MeEvE, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 91
der Plecopteren-larven mit besonderer berucksichtigung der atmung. (Arch. f. Hydrobiol., Stuttgart, xv, 338-69.)
Fuller, C—Termite nomenclature. (So. African Jour. N. H., iv, 356-64.) Longinos Navas, R. P.—Algunos insectos de Cuba, recogidos por don F. Z. Cervera. (Rev. R. Acad. Cien. Madrid, xxi, 323-40.)
ORTHOPTERA. Fulton, B. B.—Some habits of earwigs. 7, xvii, 357-67. Grasse & de Vichet.—Sur la ponte des Phaneroptera quadripunctata et P. falcata. (Tettigoniidae).
Zo; 1925, 186-7.
*Caudell, A. N.—Two n. sps. of Ceuthophilus from the Carlsbad cave in N. Mex. 10, xxvi, 217-21. Chopard, L.— Rectification a propos d’un blattide myrmecophile. 25,
1925, 186. HEMIPTERA. bBergevin, E. de—Nouvelles observa-
tions sur les hemipteres succeurs de sang humain. (Bul. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique d. Nord, 1924, 259-62.) Hoffman, W. E.—The life histories of three species of gerrids. 7, xvul, 419-30. Larsen, O.—Zur kenntnis von Aphelocheirus mestvalis. 137, xvi, N. 16.
Deletang, L. F.—Monogr. de los Cicadidos (Cicadidae) Argentinos y relacion de estos con la fauna Sudamericana. 146, xxxi, 538-649. Drake & Bruner.—Concerning some Tingitidae occurring in the West Indies. Notes on some Tingitidae from Cuba. 114, vi, 144-56. Horvath, G.—Descr. de trois especes nouy. du genre Cyrtocoris, 109, xx, 149-57. *Hungerford, H. B—A second new Mesovelia from the Douglas Lake, Mich. region. 7, xvii, 453-6. Morrison, H.— Synon. notes on two sps. of Aulacaspis. (Coccidae). 10, xxvi, 231-2. Muir, F.—New and little known Fulgorids from the West Indies. 37, v, 461-72. *Robinson, W.—Additional mn. sps.. of Erythroneura (Cicadellidae), 4, lvi, 290-2. *Torre-Bueno, J. R—Three Canadian Acanthidae (Saldi- dae). 4, lvi, 296-300.
LEPIDOPTERA. Aichele, F.—Entwicklungsgeschicht- liches zur zeichnung der Parnassier. 20, xxxix, 47-8. Baerg, W. J.—On the life history and the poison apparatus of the white flannel moth, Lagoa crispata. 7, xvii, 403-15. Cool- idge, K. R—Life history studies of some Californian Rhopa- locera. 1, 1, 319-35. Forbes, W. T. M.—Records of rare:L. from Ithaca, N. Y. 4, lvi, 281-6. (cont.) Hoffmann, W. H.—
Demonstracion de un nuevo clindro para la coleccion de
92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Mar: <25
L. 114, vi, 165-6. Jorgensen, P.—Observaciones biologicas de L. Sudamericanos. (Revista, Soc. Cien. Paraguay, 1, 84-89.) Welch, P. S.—Observations on the early larval activities of Nymphula macularis, 7, xvii, 395-402.
Bynum & Holloway.—The new pink borer of sugar cane and corn. (Noctuidae) 7, xvii, 469-72. Champion, G. C.— The insects of the Galapagos Islands: suppl. note. 8, 1x1, 21. Hulstaert, R. P. G——Heteroceres nouv. du Brasil. 33, 1924, 105-8. Meyrick, E.—Exotic microlepidoptera, Vol. iii, p. 65-160. [Pub. by the author at Marlborough, Eng- land. Describes many neotropical species. |
DIPTERA. Carter, H. R.—Preferential and compulsory breeding places of Aedes aegypti and their limits. (Ann. Trop. Med., Liverpool, xviii, 493-513.) Forsius, R——On Ceratopogoninae as ectoparasites of Neuroptera. 51, iv, 98-99. Matheson, R.—The Culicidae of the Douglas Lake region, Michigan. 4, lvi, 289-90. Mueller, A.—Die mann- lichen begattungsorgane der Calliphorinen und einiger Sar- cophaginen, p. 51-85. Zur kennt. der subf. Tanypinae (Pelopiinae), p. 98-111. 125, Ixxiti, 51-111. Rhynehart, J. G.— The larva and pupa of Trichocera vegelationis. (Rhyphi- didae). (Pro. Belfast Nat. Hist. & Phil. Soc., 1922-23, 36- 47.) Wehrmeister, H.—Beitrage zur kenntnis der Ceci- domyidenlarven mit besonderer berucksichtigung des darmes. 89, xlix, Syst., 299-334. Wright, W. R.—On the hibernation of adult mosquitoes. (Ann. Trop. Med., Liver- pool, xv.ii, 619-27.)
*Curran, C. H—A new Canadian Syrphid, p. 228. On the gen. Arctophyto in N. America (Tachinidae), p. 302-3. A new Dolichopus from Br. Columbia, p. 304-5. 4, lvi, 288- 305. Dyar & Shannon.—New mosquitoes from Brazil. (Jour. Wash. Ac. Sci., xv, 39-41.) Falcoz, L.—Dipteres pupipares du» Museum Nat. Hist. Nat. de Paris. (Streblidae et Nycteribiidae). 153, 1924, 223-30. (cont.) Kertesz, K.— Vorarbeiten zu einer monographie der Notacanthen. 109, xx, 85-129. Kessel, Q. C.—Notes on the Streblinae. (Para- sitology, xvi, 405-14.)
COLEOPTERA. Barreto, B. T.—Una nueva especie de Cicindelidae de Camaguey. 114, vi, 167-8. Chittenden, F. H.—The Acalypha flea-beetle (Crepidodera atriventris). 4, lvi, 286. Fall & Woods.—The blueberry leaf-beetle and some of its relatives. (Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 319.)
RxVI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 93
Frost, S. W.—The leaf-mining habit in the C. 7, xvii, 457- 68. Lengerken, H. V.—Metatelie als ursache imaginaler verkruppelung bei Coleopteren. 154, 1xi, 226. Skaife, S. H.— On variation and heredity in the Bruchidae. (Trans. R. Soc. S. Africa, xii, 221-42.) Trimble, F. M.—Life history and habits of two Pacific coast bark beetles. 7, xvii, 382-91.
*Blaisdell, F. E.—Studies in the Melyridae. No.4. 1, 1, 313-18. Champion, G. C.—Phalacrus confectus and its southern allies. (Anisotomidae). [One sp. from Grenada. ] 8, Ixi, 611. *Fall, H. C-——The New England species of iSalerucella, (Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull., 319, 81-91.) Fleutiavx, E—Descr. d’une nouvelle espece d’Elateridae du genre Hemirhipus. 25, 1924, 183-4. Knisch, A.—Neue neotropische Palpicornier (Hydrophilidae). 48, xli, 114-40. *Lanoston, J. M.—New Phyllophaga from Mississippi (Scarabaeidae). 7, xvii, 449-52. Maulik, S.—Note on the nomenclature of the coleopterous genera Chrysomela and Melasoma. 75, xv, 95-6. Sicard, Dr.—Description d’une espece nouvelle de Coccinellidae. 75, xv, 81-2. *Swaine, J. M.—The sps. of Scierus. 4, lvi, 287-8. *Van Dyke, E. C.— (See under Special Notices.) Zimmermann, A.—Revision der Colymbetinen-gattung Lancetes. 48, xli, 89-99.
HYMENOPTERA. Frison, T. H.—Notes on N. Amer. Bremidae. 4, lvi, 292-6. Lundie, A. E.—A biological study of Aphelinus mali, a parasite of the woolly apple aphid. (Cornell Univ. Mem., 79.) Rau, P.—Notes on captive col- onies and homing of Bombus pennsylvanicus. 7, xvii, 368- 81. Staegeer, R—Ueber die naheren umstande beim heim- schaffen der beute durch die waldameisen. 14, xxxviii, 58-
60 (cont.)
*Compere, H.—New chalcidoid parasites and hyperpara- sites of the black scale, Sissetia oleae. (Univ. Cal. Pub., Tech. Ser., Ent., iii, 295-326.) *Cushman, R. A.—Change of name in H., p. 221. On the system, position of the gen. Collyria and Ischnoceros, p. 229-31. 10, xxvi, 221; 229-31. Gahan, A. B.—The system. position of the gen. Harmolita, with additional notes. 10, xxvi, 224-9. Holmberg, E. L.— Apidae Argentinae. Gen. Psaenythia. 146, xxxi, 249-354. Myers, P. R—The identity of Nemicromelus fulvipes, a common hessian fly parasite. 10, xxvi, 222-4. Roman, A.— Wissensch. Ergebnisse der Schw. Ent. Reise. = in Amazonas. Braconidae, Cyclostomi pro p. 137, xvi, N. 20. Santschi, F.—Revue des fourmis du genre Brachymyrmex.
94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Mar..°°25
146, xxxi, 650-78. Timberlake, P. H.—Descr. of new chalcid-flies from Hawaii and Mexico. 37, 395-417. *Viereck, H. L.—Two gen. of Ichneumonidae. 4, lvi, 300-1.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
Coleoptera collected by the Katmai expeditions. By E. C. VanDyke, Nat: Geogr. Soc, Contributed Wechs Papers Vol. 2; No. 1, 26pp: This paper describes a. number jot new species, and copies can probably be secured from the publishers, or from the author.
An INTRODUCTION To ENToMoLocy. By JoHN HENRY Comstock, Professor of Entomology and General Invertebrate Zoology, Emeritus, in Cornell University. First complete edi- tion. Third edition of Part I. Ithaca, N. Y. The Comstock Publishing Co. 1924. S8vo, pp. xix, 1044, 1228 figs. Price $6.00.
This, the largest single text book in its field which America has yet produced, is divided into two parts: Part I, The Structure and Metamorphoses of Insects, pp. 1-205; 220 figs. ; Part Il. The Classification and the Life-histories of Insects, pp. 207-990, 1008 figs. Part I first appeared under the same title as the present book in 1888; a second edition, entirely rewritten, came out in 1920 and was noticed in the News. vol. XXXi, pages 208-209. Now the third edition of Part I is incorporated in the volume under review. While it is on many pages identical with the second edition, nevertheless, as stated in the preface, “some very important changes have been made in the text.” Some of these relate to the paragnatha
(p. 43 and fig. 54), the superlinguae (p. 47), a new figure 61 on p. 50, and the transfer and incorporation of the bibliog raphy into a much longer list on pp. 991-1010.
Part II] corresponds in scope to the 600 pages of the fourth edition of the author’s AM/anual, and with 49 lines of type to a wider page form, as against 36 in the older work. The number of groups recognized as orders is increased from 19 to 25, the promotions to this rank being the Collembola, Zoraptera, Embiidina, Anoplura, Homoptera and Strepsiptera, while the name Thysanoptera supplants that of Physopoda. The serial arrangement is quite different from that in the Manual The detail in which the different groups are treated varices, sometimes to one’s surprise; the numbers of pages devoted to the larger orders are Orthoptera 40, Hemiptera 43, Homoptera 66, Coleoptera 82, Lepidoptera 202, Diptera 104,
ReexvE, "25 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2/5
Hymenoptera 117. The classification of five of these has been changed but little, as compared with the Manual, although, in passing, the separation of the Anthomyiidae as a super- family from the other Calyptratae seems remarkable to a non- specialist in the Diptera. The Coleoptera and the Hymenoptera on the other hand are markedly altered; in the former Leng’s Catalogue is followed, while in the latter ‘the sequence of the families and the groupings of these families into superfamilies
is that recently worked out by Messrs. J. C. Bradley, S. A. Rohwer and J. Bequaert.” In the matter of generic and specific names, those of Hubner’s Tentamen are accepted, those of Meigen of 1800 are rejected. It is astonishing that no reference is made to the human diseases carried by the Anoplura.
This new /ntroduction is a more technical book than the old Manual; it contains fewer passages suggestive of “nature study,” although many of this character are preserved without change, such as those on the flight and colors of the Sphingidae (p. 656). The subdivisions of the-families are given in much greater detail. There are many new and interesting illustrations.
Unquestionably this volume will be of the greatest service to workers in entomology. It represents the culmination of its distinguished author’s long career as a teacher in this field, and its graceful dedication, “To my-old students whose youth- ful enthusiasm was a constant inspiration,” will be highly appreciated by those to whom it “is affectionately inscribed.”
PsP CALVERT.
Jean Henri Fabre and Eleanor Ormerod.
Admirers of Fabre will be interested in the article “Glimpses
of the ‘Insects’ Homer” by Pierre Julian, published in the “Living Age” (Vol. 323, No. 4194, Nov. 22, 1924). The paper, which first appeared in the “Mercure de France” August 15, 1924, the above being a translation, consists for the most part of six hitherto unpublished letters written between 1880 and 1892 by Fabre to one of his former pupils, M. Henri Devilario.
In the “Dial” for December, 1924, Mrs. Virginia Woolf has written an impressionistic story or sketch entitled “Miss Or- merod,” based on the “Life of Eleanor Ormerod” by Robert Wallace Murray, 1904. Entomologists who are familiar with the life of Miss Ormerod will appreciate the sketch after pene- trating Mrs. Woolf’s choppy and unusual style.
Harry B, Wetss, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Mar.,
OBITUARY.
A. H, Fasst-Teprirz, in 1922, near Manaos on the Amazon, exhausted by his activity as a collector, fell a victim to the fever of this deadly climate.
Fassl was one of the best qualified and most talented collec- tors who worked in the tropics. By his special methods of attracting and catching insects, methods which he kept secret jealously, he succeeded in obtaining species hitherto unknown, such as the rare females. His chief aim was to enrich his own unparalleled collection, in which only the finest specimens were allowed to figure. He also caught less rare species that had been till then neglected by collectors in the tropics. His collec- tion has in part been consulted by the authors of the “Seitz” works, which contain types, co-types, rarities and single females. A most interesting narrative of his travels has been published in book form.
In the treatment and classification of the results of his search he was assisted by the following gentlemen: Bastelberger, Boul- let, Dognin, Draudt, Fruhstorfer, Jordan, Neustetter, Pfeiffer, Pfitzner, Rocher, Seitz and Weymer.
The collection which he made in his first two journeys in- cluded the following Lepidoptera :
: Specimens 3 “ Species
PA pulio tetas, cose ae 408 SZ 96 P27, Danaidae and
Ithomidae-.-... 1370 700 670 240 Datytidae 4. 02524 1400 Mes pe 270 Brassolidae 2 Ae 245 147 98 90 Morphidae ...... 95 80 £5 40 Nymphalidae
(partially): 2.21900 700 200 270 Prepona (blue) .. 70 50 20 18 Frycinidae> 294.%,; 1400 930 470 400 do. Amazonas .... 100 60 40 can Sphingidaeivaice .. 140 118 Zz 94
The Satyride collection, made by Fassl, is especially inter- esting, as it contains a long series of different species, including insects found only at high altitudes, that are lacking in the collections of other workers i in the tropics. Weymer had 1 recourse to this collection when working at the Seitz-manual wherein he describes 30 new species and var ieties, and 20 hitherto un- known.—(From Staudinger & Bang-Haas, List No. XIII, December, 1924.)
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A Year of Costa Rican Natural History x By AMELIA SMITH CALVERT Sometime Fellow in Biology, Bryn Mawr College, and
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-ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS:
VoL. XXXVI PEPE A 1925 No. 4 CONTENTS
Leng—Thomas Lincoln Casey......... 97 Cent Lists. c.ciccccecitecclscalciee cneeier 118
Hood—Six New Thysanoptera from the Chamberlin—A New Lithobiomorphous Western United States............. 101 Chilopod from Uruguay ........... 120
Champlain, Kirk and Knull—Notes on Fox—A New Genusofthe Siphonaptera 121 4 Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)....... TOS E Citorial—HOpe si. .j-\-ijeleleisieleuie erestnieate 122
Imperial Entomological Conference... 109 | Gunder—California’s Annual Butterfly
Needham—Some Aquatic Neuropteroid SHOW yeseinis cterereicteieieveleleereietarcenee enero 123 Insects of Lake George............ 110 | Entomological Literature.............. 123
Weiss and West—An Adelid Gall on Virginia Creeper (Lepidoptera)... 116 Barnes and Benjamin—Notes on Two
Doings of Societies—Ent. Sec., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (Odonata, Hymen- optera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepid. 126
Butterfly Names omitted from Re- Obituary: A. Bang-Haas.............. 128
Thomas Lincoln Casey.
Thomas Lincoln Casey, for many yéars an earnest student of American Coleoptera, died on February 3, 1925, in his 68th year. He was born February 19, 1857, at West Point, New York, the son of Gen. Thomas Lincoln Casey and Emma Weir, and grandson of Major Gen. Silas Casey. He was educated at private schools in Washington; Sheffield Scientific School, Yale, class of 1877; and finally graduated with high honors at the United States Military Academy in 1879. His career in the army included appointment as second lieutenant, corps of engineers, June 13, 1879; first lieutenant, June 17, 1881; captain,-July 23, 1888; major, July 5, 1898; lieutenant colonel, September 26, 1906; colonel, September 21, 1909. charge of defense of Hampton Roads, Virginia, during the
He was in
Spanish-American War, and at many stations in charge of works of river and harbor improvement; assistant astronomer under Prof. Newcomb, Transit of Venus expedition, Cape of Good Hope, 1882; Greer County Commission, Texas, 1886; Mississippi River Commission, 1902-6. U. S. Engineers’ exhibit, St. Louis Exposition, 1904; member and engineering secretary, Light 1906-10 ; retired from active service March 1, 1912. He married June 1, 1898, Laura Welsh, of Philadelphia, who survives him.
97
He was in charge of
House Board,
98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apress
Physically, he was tall, well built, though somewhat over weight in his later years. His home was in Stoneleigh Court, Washington, D. C., after his retirement from the army, where he was always glad to receive entomological visitors, who found him a gracious host. His occupations, apart from ento- mology, included billiards at the Cosmos Club, and music at his home, in which he and Mrs. Casey found pleasure. Many daylight hours were devoted to his beetles, studied with the help of many pipes of tobacco.
Possessed of inherited intelligence of high order, provided with the best education schools could supply, fortunately inde- pendent of financial worries or overly onerous daily duties, happily married, Casey came into the study of the Coleoptera with an equipment which has seldom been equalled. His field experiences, in consequence of the various stations involved in his army life, included Long Island, Virginia, Mississippi, Texas, California and South Africa. His generous purchases aided in building up one of the most remarkable of private collections, so extensive indeed that he was obliged to rent two apartments in Stoneleigh Court, one for his collection and hooks, the other for his abode. His library was so large that he had everything, practically, in his home that the literature contained.
The final resting place of both collection and library will be in the United States National Museum, as we are informed by Mr. John D. Sherman, Jr. A conference of specialists to make plans for the reception of the collection has been called for March 3.
With the advantages thus recapitulated he approached the taxonomy of the Coleoptera as logically as he did the engineer- ing problems for which he had been trained. The microscope stood always ready on his working table; under its magnifica- tion the smallest beetle was subjected to minute scrutiny and had to agree in every detail with its published description before its identity could be satisfactorily established. If such scrutiny failed to bring it within the characters of some described species, it was set aside for description later as a new species, usually in conjunction with a review of the group to
poceves 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 99
which it belonged, at least as far as the group was represented in his collection. Beginning with such a review of Cucujidae in 1884, Casey continued this laborious work for forty years. In that period he published 8621 pages (the greater part at his own expense) and described a large number of species or forms. The descriptions often cover half a page of fine print and for completeness of detail leave nothing to be desired. The synopses that precede the descriptions display in the highest degree his remarkable power of analysis. His work was unaided and always original without compilation from other authors, and he never altered his style of composition, seldom changed his views or retracted his statements. The same attitude of describing what he sometimes called “taxo- nomic units” as he found them in his collection, leaving the biologist to determine their relation to one another or to previ- ously described species, persisted in spite of all criticism.
Of criticism there was plenty. His efforts were at first encouraged by Dr. George H. Horn, who, following the death of Dr. Leconte, had become by 1884 the principal authority on American Coleoptera. Casey’s insistence upon describing as new species individuals which differed in some slight respect, contrary to Horn’s opinion that they did not represent “species,” alienated the support of the older man. Horn’s attitude towards Casey’s description was shown by Synonymical Notes in which his specific names were briefly and at times perhaps wrongfully relegated to synonymy. The industry of the younger writer and his capacity for dealing with the more minute and neglected species quickly made it impossible for Horn to cope with the situation.
Following Dr. Horn’s lead it became the fashion among coleopterists to deride Casey’s work. There was once an entomological gathering at which the percentage of valid species among those he had described was variously estimated by those present, 70% being the highest estimate. Casey seldom trou- bled himself to refute criticisms and the synonymy alleged by his critics therefore stands in the catalogues, although in con- did reply to criticism, he was vigorous in attack, a fighter who
neither gave nor asked quarter. He once said that he enjoyed “polite polemics.”
100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Api, 25
Many years must pass before an accurate estimate of the value of his work can be formed. To many coleopterists it must seem incredible that after the exhaustive work of Leconte, Horn, Crotch and others almost half our species waited for Casey’s discovery and description. And if their studies cover Prionus, Buprestis, or other genera in which his method of de- scribing unique specimens led to bad results, they may feel jus- tified in regarding his “taxonomic units’’ as probably synonyms in most cases, But when comparison is made with recent studies in Serica, where dissection of genitalia has resulted in doubling the number of species, or in Donacia, where five years of masterly study of abundant material has produced a similar result, soon to be published, it will be seen that finer discrimination must always result in a great increase in names. When, moreover, it is remembered that a great part of Casey’s work was with the Pselaphidae, Scydmaenidae, Staphylinidae and other obscure families which had been greatly neglected up to his time, it is not so surprising that, in the immense product of his long continued industry, he found it necessary to describe thousands of species. A revision of his descriptions with a view to eliminating the names that are unnecessary can be adequately made only by students as well prepared for their work as he was for his and equally willing to devote them- selves to a laborious task. And after making all corrections there may still remain as Casey’s life work, the greatest con- tribution to the taxonomy of the Coleoptera that has ever been made by one man.
A list of Col. Casey’s writings to 1918 appeared in the last Catalogue of the Coleoptera. His subsequent publications include :
A revisional study of the American Platyninae,
Random Studies among the American Caraboidea,
Some dese. Studies among the American Barinae, Mem. Coleop. IX, 1-529, Apl. 8, 1920.
Studies in the Rhynchophorous subfamily Barinae of the Brazilian Fauna, Mem. Colecp. X, 1-520, Nov. 25, 1922.
Additions to the known Coleoptera of North America, Mem. Coleop. Xi, 16347. May 20, 1924.
Cuas, W. LENG.
xvi, 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 101
Six New Thysanoptera from the Western United States.
By J. DoucLtas Hoop, University of Rochester.
This paper continues the description of the new species which have accumulated in my collection during the past few years. Three of the six forms described below were collected in Colo- rado in 1918 and 1919 by Mr. L. O. Jackson, formerly of the U. S. Biological Survey; two were given to me by the late Mr. H. M. Russell, whose careful work on thrips for the Bureau of Entomology has made his name known to all entomologists ; while the remaining one was taken in Texas in 1911 by the late Mr. Charles A. Hart, formerly Systematic Entomologist of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.
The types are in my collection.
Anaphothrips decolor sp. nov.
? (macropterous ).—Length about 1.3 mm. Color uniform, pale, yellowish white, with last three abdominal segments shad- ing to pale brownish, extreme tip of segment 10 dark brown; antennal segments 1-4 nearly white, 5 shading to brown at tip, 6-8 dark brown; ocellar pigment wanting; wings colorless. Sixth antennal segment divided; no long bristles on posterior angles of prothorax ; tenth abdominal segment divided above in its entire length.
Colorado, L. O. Jackson; taken by sweeping.
Closest to A. longipennis Crawford, but easily known by the total absence of long prothoracic bristles and the divided last segment of the abdomen.
Haplothrips purpuratus sp. nov.
? (macropterous ).—Length about 1.5 mm. Color blackish brown, with fore tarsi, ends of fore tibiae, and antennal seg- ments 3-6 bright yellow; segments 1, 2, 7 and 8 of antennae blackish brown, 2 paler at apex, 5 and 6 slightly infuscate apically ; wings colorless, without the usual brown area at base, hairs dark gray, except at tip of wings, where they are abruptly clear white; subhypodermal pigmentation purple.
Head unusually .long, about 1.4 times as long as greatest width, broadest behind eyes, sides slightly rounded and some- what narrowed to base; vertex subconically produced in front of eyes and overhanging insertion of antennae, the anterior
102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apts, 2
ocellus attaining frontal costa and directed forward ; dorsal and lateral surfaces very finely and closely, but not deeply, trans- versely striate, and set with a few minute, barely distinguishable bristles; postocular bristles blunt but nearly pointed, almost as long as eyes. Eyes small, not protruding. Ocelli anterior in position. Antennae about 1.6 times as long as head; segment 3 slightly shorter than 2, 4, 5 or 6, outer surface less rounded than inner, inner surface without sense cone; 4, 5 and 6 alike in shape, with successively slenderer and shorter pedicels ; 7 with pedicel half as wide as apex; 8 subconical, closely united with 7.
Prothorax along median dorsal line less than half as long as head and (inclusive of coxae) about 2.5 times as wide as long, surface finely and closely striate with anastomosing lines except at middle ; midlateral bristles wanting, all others blunt or slightly dilated at tips, shorter but somewhat stouter than postoculars, dark in color. Mesoscutum deeply, and exceedingly closely, transversely striate; metascutum similarly, but longitudinally, striate. Wings distinctly narrowed at middle; fore pair with about 22 clear white hairs at tip and devoid of accessory hairs on posterior margin; third subbasal bristle long, pointed, the others about half as long and dilated at tip, all colorless. Tarsal tooth minute.
Abdomen only slightly wider than pterothorax ; tergites with a few faint, anastomosing striae. Tube less than one-half as long as head, twice as wide at base as at apex, sides slightly concave. LBristles long and pointed, terminal ones light brown and equal in length to tube, others colorless.
Measurements of holotype (?): Length 1.49 mm.; head, length 0.240 mm., width 0.174 mm.; prothorax, length along median dorsal line 0.114 mm., width (inclusive of coxae) 0.293 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.308 mm.; abdomen, width 0.332 mm.; tube, length 0.111 mm., width at base 0.066 mm., at apex
0.033 mm.
Antennal seoments. =... = ia Oe ae Length (microtis)* 2.) 45°55 248) 574 pom ole a7, Width ‘(microns 293" 3335 729 2235" 1280927 2
Total length of antenna 0.38 mm.
3 (macropterous ).—Much like female, but smaller (length 1.2 mm.) and more slender. Fore legs scarcely more enlarged than in female; fore tarsi with a stout, dark-tipped tooth whose anterior margin is at right angles to axis of tarsus.
Measurements of allotype (¢): Length 1.20 mm.; head, length 0.216 mm., width 0.149 mm.; prothorax, length along median dorsal line 0.101 mm., width 0.255 mm.; pterothorax,
mV 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 103
width 0.270 mm. ; abdomen, width 0.242 mm. ; tube, length 0.090 mm., width at base 0.052 mm., at apex 0.031 mm.
mirugayseamentso... 1 2 3° 4°.5 /6 °° 75°8 tenor (microns)... 35 Sl 45 55-54 49 43 26 Maden (miierons)i:.. 28 27° 21 28 25 22°19" 10
Total length of antenna 0.36 mm.
Described from one female and one male taken on Atriplex sp., at Tempe, Arizona, October 27, 1913, by Mr. H. M. Russell (No. 230).
The absence of accessory hairs from the posterior margin of the fore wings, the produced vertex, the purplish subhypodermal pigmentation, the antennal coloration, the sculpture of the pronotum and the absence of the midlateral bristle make this an easily known species. It is allied to jonesii, halophilus, malifloris and the new species described below.
Haplothrips distalis sp. nov.
? (macropterous ).—Length about 1.5 mm. Color pale brown,
with bright red subhypodermal pigmentation; fore tarsi, seg- ment 3 of antennae, and usually the bases of segments 4-6, bright yellow; segments 1, 2, 7 and 8 blackish brown, 2 paler apically, 3 often very slightly infuscate at extreme apex, 4-6 brown in distal three-fifths or more, 4 darkest ; wings clear and colorless, except occasionally for a slight brownish cloud at extreme base, hairs dark gray except at tip of wings, where they are abruptly clear white. Head unusually long, about 1.33 times as long as greatest width, broadest behind eyes, sides slightly rounded and some- what narrowed to base; vertex subconically produced in front of eyes and overhanging insertion of antennae, the anterior ocellus attaining frontal costa and directed forward; dorsal and lateral surfaces very finely and closely transversely striate and set with a few minute, barely distinguishable bristles ; postocular bristles blunt, not at all pointed, about two-thirds as long as eyes and dark in color. Eyes small, not protruding. Ocelli anterior in position. Antennae about 1.6 times as long as head ; segment 3 about equal in length to 2 and distinctly shorter than 4, without sense cone on inner surface ; segment 4 decidedly the longest and broadest in entire antenna, distinctly stouter than 5 or 6; 7 with pedicel more than half as wide as apex; 8 sub- conical, closely united to 7.
Prothorax along median line less than half as long as head and (inclusive of coxae) about 2.4 times as wide as long, sur-
104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apree 25
face without noticeable sculpture; all usual bristles present, blunt but scarcely dilated at tip, dark brown in color, midlaterals subequal to the two pairs on anterior margin, those at posterior angles longer and subequal to postoculars. Mesoscutum moder- ately closely transversely striate; metascutum more closely and deeply longitudinally striate. Wings distinctly narrowed at middle; fore pair with 9-11 clear white hairs at tip and with about 9 accessory hairs on posterior margin; third subbasal bristle long, pointed the others less than half as long and dilated at tip, all colorless. Tarsal tooth minute.
Abdomen only slightly wider than pterothorax; tergites faintly sculptured with anastomosing lines., Tube less than one- half as long as head, nearly twice as wide at base as at apex, sides very slightly concave. Bristles long and pointed, terminal ones light brown and longer than tube, others colorless.
Measurements of ‘holotype (?): Length 1.50 mm.; head, length 0.221 mm., width 0.165 mm.; prothorax, length along median dorsal line 0.105 mm., width (inclusive of coxae) 0.249 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.296 mm.; abdomen, width 0.306 mim. ; tube, length 0.105 mm., width at base 0.059 mm., at apex 0.031 mm.
Antennalesesmentsyea Ole tO). 3 ae A I ee eS Lensth (microns): 7. 36 48-48 59° 50° 45 44 "24 WidthiGnicrons)s5.& + 26nnZOn 25832) 27924 20a
Total length of antenna 0.35 mm.
¢ (macropterous ).—Much like female, but smaller (length 1.3 mm.) and more slender. Head nearly 1.5 times as long as wide, as broad across eyes as behind them, eyes slightly pro- truding. Fore legs scarcely more enlarged than in female; fore tarsi with a rather small, stout tooth whose front margin is at right angles to axis of tarsus.
Measurements of allotype (¢): Length 1.29 mm.; head, length 0.215 mm., width 0.146 mm.; prothorax, along median dorsal line 0.093 mm., width (inclusive of coxae) 0.225 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.249 mm.; abdomen, width 0.231 mm.;
tube, length 0.105 mm., width at base 0.055 mm., at apex 0.029 mm.
Antennal-segments. = ©/1 7 G2 Sea aee eens ats ny ees Length’(microns)... 33°47 "47 246m et Width (microns). .-. ° 275° 26""24n 29 e226 el 19) 12
Total length of antenna 0.33 mm.
Described from 6 females and 5 males, taken on Atriplex
<KKVi 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 105
sp., at Tempe, Arizona, October 27, 1913, by Mr. H. M. Rus- sell (No. 230).
Readily known from purpuratus and its allies by the colora- tion of the antennae and the enlarged fourth antennal segment. This group of species bears many points of resemblance to Leptothrips.
(To be continued.)
Notes on Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). By A. B. CaAamp.atn, H. B. Kirk and J. N. KNnutt,! Penn- sylvania Bureau of Plant Industry.
The following notes represent original rearings and observa- tions by the authors which have hitherto not been published in the various papers dealing with the members of the family Cerambycidae. All emergence records are under field condi- tions unless stated otherwise.
DERANCISTRUS TASLEI Bugq.—Adults were reared from the dead dry branches of beech (Fagus americana), chestnut (Castanea dentata) and oak, collected at Harrisburg, Penn- sylvania. This species seems to prefer the dead tops, although the branches lying on the ground often contain larvae.
TRAGOSOMA DEPSARIUM L. VAR HARRISI Lec.—Adults were found in numbers at Endeavor, Pennsylvania, on July 30, ovi- positing in the cracks of barked white pine (Pinus strobus) logs, at night.
EBURIA QUADRIGEMINATA Say—This species was found breeding in the hard outer shell of a partly decayed maple at Rockville, Pennsylvania. i
ROMALEUM cCoRTIPHAGUS Craighead—Adults of this Roma- leum which Dr. Craighead? described from the larva were reared from the outer bark of living white oak (Quercus alba) and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus) at Harrisburg, Pennsyl- vania. The work was observed also in the outer bark of living Quercus muhlenbergu at Columbus, Ohio.
1 Authors’ names arranged alphabetically. 2F. C. Craighead, North Amer. Cerambycid Larvae, Dom. of C.,, Dept. of Ag., Tech. Bull. 27.
106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS APTiaece
ELAPHIDIQN MUCRONATUM Say—Reared from the dead branches of red maple (Acer rubrum) collected at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
ANEFLOMORPHA SUBPUBESCENS Lec.—The work of this species is common in white oak (Quercus alba) seedlings in sections of Pennsylvania.
Mr. Chittenden® has called attention to this insect, the larva of which makes small round holes in a straight line along the whole length of the burrow. Eventually the entire woody fiber is eaten. Before winter the infested seedling is pruned near the level of the ground, and the end of the burrow plugged shut with stringy frass. The winter is spent in the larval stage in the roots of the infested seedling.
PSEUDIBIDION UNICOLOR Rand.—This species was reared from the pruned branches of living walnut (Juglans nigra), beech (Fagus americana), hickory and oak at Hummelstown, Pennsylvania. The branches under observation were pruned usually at or near a node, and fell to the ground in the spring.
HETERACHTES QUADRIMACULATUS Feb.—Adults were reared from the dead branches of tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipi- fera) collected at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
OxBRIUM RUFULUM Gahan—The dead branches of ash are often infested with this species, although adults were reared from the bark of a dead black ash tree at Charter Oak, Penn- sylvania.
STENOCORUS SCHAUMI Lec.—Inasmuch as no native larvae of this genus have been recorded, it might be advisable to give a few observations on the adults of this species.
During the summer of 1923 male and female adults of this insect, together with the variety croceus Leng., were collected on the bases of living ash trees in the vicinity of Columbus, Ohio.
Professor Hine stated that he had collected the same species in Ohio at the bases of ash trees.
STENOCORUS TRIVITTATUS Say—Although the adults of this species are common on the flowers of wild hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens) and acer leaf viburnum (Viburnum
3 F, H. Chittenden, N. S. Div. Ent. Bull. 18.
ma eyT,, / 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 107
acerfolium) near Harrisburg, we have never been able to locate the breeding place.
GAUROTES CYANIPENNIS Say—During early summer the adults oviposit in dying trees of Juglans cinerea, mulberry and wild cherry. The larvae feed beneath the bark upon the grow- ing tissue, the greater number becoming full-grown by fall. At this time the majority of them leave the trees through holes which they chew in the bark. They drop to the ground beneath the tree and enter the,soil to a depth of one to three inches, depending upon conditions, and construct cells in the earth by the movements of their bodies. The winter is spent by the larvae in these pupal cells, and in the spring pupation and transformation occur. The adults emerge the latter part of May or the fore part of June.
Pupae and newly-formed adults may be collected by digging beneath an infested tree at the right time in the spring.
ANTHOPHILAX ATTENUATUS Hald.—Adults of this species were reared May 8 from dead, partly decayed Acer saccharum collected at Charter Oak, Pennsylvania. The infested log was partly buried in a large flower pot and the pot then placed in the ground. Wire screen was arranged around the log to trap the adults. The larvae crawled from the log and entered the ground to pupate.
Adults were observed ovipositing on the base of a dead standing beech (Fagus americana) near Bathurst, New Bruns- wick, on June 16.
Larvae of this species have been dug up from time to time, and when placed on the floor they would crawl quickly from place to place. This is a rather unusual habit of Cerambycid larvae, although it might be true of many of the forms which go into the ground to pupate.
ANTHOPHILAX MALACHITICUS Hald—The remains of an adult of this rare species were found in the stomach of a brook trout caught at Charter Oak, Pennsylvania, on June 20.
STRANGALIA SUBHAMATA Rand.—This species was reared from the dead wood of hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) collected at Inglenook, Pennsylvania.
LEPTURA EMARGINATA L.—Adults of this species were reared
108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apt. 25
from the dead wood of tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and the dry outer shell of a dead hollow sour gum (Nyssa sylvatica) collected at Hummelstown, Pennsylvania.
OpistoMis FAMELICA Newn.—An adult was reared from a dead yellow birch (Betula lutea) branch, collected at Manada Gap, Pennsylvania.
OPpHISTOMIS ACUMINATA Oliv.—Reared from dead Vibur- num dentatum, ninebark (Opulaster opulifolius) and Alnus collected at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
OPpHISTOMIS LUTEICORNIS Fab.—Adults reared June 18 from dead Viburnum dentatum collected at Chambersburg, Penn- sylvania.
Hytorrupes BAyALUS L.—The larvae of this species work in the well-seasoned wood of old frame structures. Pine and hemlock lumber was observed to be attacked by this insect.
A board in a floor of a house at Hummelstown, Pennsyl- vania, was damaged to such an extent that it had to be replaced.
The timbers in a small bridge over a stream near Inglenook, Pennsylvania, were infested with this insect, and the bridge had to be replaced long before the wood had started to decay.
SEMANOTUS LIGNEA Fab.—This species breeds commonly in dead juniper (Juniperus virginiana) in the vicinity of Hum- melstown, Pennsylvania. At least a part of the adults mature in the fall, and pass the winter in their pupal cells. The pupal cells are made in the sapwood of the infested sticks, and mature adults have been taken from their cells the latter part of December.
ARHOPALUS FULMINANS Fab.—This species works in the trunks of dead oaks and chestnuts in the vicinity of Harris- burg, Pennsylvania. The pupal cells are made in the sapwood, although before pupation the larvae make openings through the thick bark and then return to the sapwood to transform.
XYLOTRECHUS QUADRIMACULATUS Hald.—This _ species prunes branches % to 2 inches in diameter of beech (Fagus Americana), alder and birch throughout Pennsylvania. The small larvae prune the limbs by making a clean circular cut in the sapwood from directly under the thin bark to within a short
MKXVI 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 109
distance of the center, thus weakening the branches to such an extent that they are easily broken off by their own weight or by the wind.
In the vicinity of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the eggs are laid in crevices and in healed-over injuries on the branches, from the last week in May to the middle of June.
The eggs hatch in about six days, and the young larvae begin feeding in straight lines just beneath the bark, to points usually between two nodes. Here the young larvae, which are about .25 inch long, begin girdling, usually making one circle to com- plete the work. Limbs ofttimes break and fall while the larvae are completing the girdles; in this case the larvae drop to the ground without completing their work. A greater portion of the larvae, however, fall within the pruned branches, while almost as many remain in the stubs, where they complete their work. While only one larva is necessary to complete a girdle, it is not uncommon to find two or more larvae in a single stub in a girdled limb. After the girdle is completed, the larva con- tinues to work close to the surface for a distance of two or four inches, then it bores deeper into the wood, making a gal- lery from six to twelve inches in length, always packing frass tightly in the gallery back of itself as it works ahead. At the end of the season the gallery is six to twelve inches long, the full-grown larva passing the winter in a cell at the end. About April, or during the first warm weather, the following year the larva constructs its pupal cell and makes an exit burrow to the outer bark. Pupation takes place about the last week in April or the first week in May, and at the end of twelve to fifteen days the adult emerges.
The adults emerge from the middle of May to the middle of June. Unlike the following species, these adults emerge through the side of the branch from the end of the burrow; the follow-
ing species emerges at the point where the ege was laid. (To be continued).
Imperial Entomological Conference. A conference of the Imperial Entomologists of the Brit- ish Empire is to be held at London beginning June 9 next. Mr. Arthur Gibson has been appointed to represent Canada.
110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apr., 725
Some Aquatic Neuropteroid Insects of Lake George. By James G. NeepHAM, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
During the summer of 1920, while living on Juanita Island, Lake George, New York, engaged in biological work for the State Conservation Commission, incidentally to that work a good many aquatic insects were collected and preserved for future study. Recently I have been going over these collec- tions, and I find them to be mainly neuropteroids and midges. They are mostly well-known species, but the collecting methods used in that work (which was directed toward learning bio- logical conditions affecting the welfare of fishes in the lake) differ from those of ordinary entomological collecting, and I believe they reveal new facts concerning the habitat and habits of these insects that are worthy to be put on record.
Juanita Island is in the “Narrows,” near the middle of the lake. Its location, as well as that of other places mentioned in the following pages, is well shown on a map accompanying the Lake George circular that is distributed by the New York State Conservation Commission. It is one of the smaller rock- bound, tree-covered, picturesque islands of that charming lake. Hydrographic maps of its environs accompany a report, “A Biological Survey of Lake George, New York,” that was published by the State Conservation Commission in 1922. Most of the records of the following list are from that island, and that is because morning and evening twilight afforded the best opportunities for observations on those crepuscular insects, and these times were mostly spent at camp.
There were, however, two other rather unusual collecting localities. One was the “Coop,” a small, sheltered area of shoal water adjacent to Gourd Island, and surrounded by a broken rim of rocky islets. A magnificent bed of long-leaved pond- weed (Polamogeton praclongus} covered the bottom in 14 feet of water, and this was a rich foraging ground for adult fishes, because it contained innumerable larvae of neuropteroids and midges, as well as snails and scuds. The other locality to which I refer is “Chives Rock,” a flat, vertical rock face that rises directly out of the deep water of the lake at the foot of Black
eae RVI 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 111
Mountain. The bottom is strewn with great fallen blocks of stone, among which collecting is extremely difficult. It is a lotic situation of an inaccessible sort. But some of the neu- ropteroids that live among these rocks climb the flat face of the cliff to transform, and leave their cast skins hanging there. These furnish records not otherwise so readily obtainable.
The materials of the following list were collected by my assistant, Mr. C. K. Sibley, and myself. As a list it is very incomplete, both because other work than collecting demanded our time and because the best season for neuropteroid emer- gence had passed before our arrival at the lake. Yet it will give an idea of what neuropteroids a summer vacation resident on a Lake George island may expect to find.
Four orders of aquatic insects, Plecoptera, Ephemerida, Odonata and Neuroptera, are listed here, with some stray notes on others with which these were associated. The Tri- choptera will be recorded by Mr. Sibley elsewhere.
The Diptera of the following lists were determined by Dr. O. A. Johannsen.
PLECOPTERA: Stoneflies.
1. Preronarcys sp? A big stonefly of the P. proteus group, inhabiting the more rapid and stony lower portions of Shelving Rock Brook, had transformed before our arrival at Lake George and had left a few cast skins clinging to the under surfaces of the larger rocks that rose above the surface of the water. Probably not found in the lake itself, except as the cast skins, loosened from the rocks, drift in from the streams.
2. ACRONEURIA TRIJUNCTA. A single female of this long- lost species was captured on a stone at the edge of the water on Juanita Island on July 20, 1920. A number of detached wings from other specimens probably indicated the spot where early birds had made a breakfast of stoneflies. A number of cast nymphal skins that may well have belonged to this species were found clinging to the vertical surface of Chives Rock several feet above the water.
3. PerLA sp? Cast skins of an undetermined species of this genus were intermingled with the Acroneuria skins above
112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apis. 23
mentioned at Chives Rock, and were several times more numer- ous than those.
Doubtless other stoneflies of a number of genera might be found in the brooks that come tumbling down the mountain- sides into the lake. Lacustrine stoneflies are found only on wave-washed, rocky shores, where lotic conditions prevail.
EPHEMERIDA: Mayflies.
1. HEXAGENIA BILINEATA. This fine big species is an in- habitant of the deeper waters of the central basin of the lake. Its nymph is a burrower in the bottom ooze. Its season of trans- formation is July and August. Cast nymphal skins drifted in considerable numbers upon lee shores about Juanita Island in late July and August. A fine, belated, solitary male subimago was taken on that island on August 21.
2. EPHEMERA SIMULANS. This handsome species is earlier in season, having its maximum of abundance on the wing about the latter end of June. Its burrewing nymphs inhabit the mud bottoms of the shallower cross channels and inlets. Two grown nymphs were found in the sandy bottom beside the boat land- ing of Juanita Island, June 20. Cast nymphal skins were floating everywhere on June 24, and the piers and docks about Glen Island were thickly covered with recently emerged subimagos. ;
Apparently the nymphs of this species do not at once begin burrowing in the bottom when hatched, for our collections from submerged weed beds yielded considerable numbers of them in various sizes, all less than a fifth grown.
I one day observed a little stilted fly, Dolichopus batillifer, that was not uncommon on the beach of the island, feeding upon these nymphs. A submerged silt-covered stump had just been withdrawn from the water, and small nymphs of Ephe- mera were exposed where the silt that had covered them slipped away. The little fly was quick to take advantage of the situa- tion. It would pounce upon a nymph, striking it midships, and then hold it aloft, struggling, impaled upon the proboscis tip, while sucking its blood. I saw this fly also dealing simi- larly with a small midge larva from the same source.
3. LEPTOPHLEBIA MOLLIS. On the east shore of the lake,
XK VE, 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS eis)
at Flat Iron Point, opposite Log Bay Island, a few males of this species were observed flying in company at the shoulder of the jutting rocks some 15 or 20 feet above the water on the afternoon of June 20, and a few of them were taken. Some nymphs of this genus were found later in the weed beds of the “Coop.”
4. CHOROTERPES BASALIS. Three males were taken singly hovering over the channel on the east side of Commissioner’s Island on the afternoon of August 25, and another male alighted on our laboratory table on Juanita Island a few days earlier. No nymphs of this genus were observed. Perhaps they live only in tributary streams.
5. EPHEMERELLA sp? Two dusky-winged female subimagos were reared from nymphs collected on the shores of Juanita Island, one on the 23d and the other on the 28th of June. Similar nymphs were found on the Potamogeton beds in several places, notably in the “Coop.” The species is much smaller than E. excrucians, but its nymph is of similar form, having abdominal segments 4 to 8 strongly depressed and _ broadly expanded and serrate-toothed on the lateral margins, and the gills of segment 4 operculate, covering all behind.
6. CAENIS DIMINUTA. A male of this species was taken at the shore line of Juanita Island on the 20th of August, and some grown nymphs that probably belonged to the same species we found on water weeds in Harris Bay a few days earlier.
7. CHLOEON sp? An undeterminable fragment of a species of this genus was found on Juanita Island on July 14.
8. HEPTAGENIA PULCHELLA. A single male of this species was taken on the north shore of Juanita Island on August 21.
9. HEPTAGENIA INTERPUNCTATA. This shy and delicate mayfly abounds on the rocky shores of Lake George. The flat nymphs cling to the submerged stones and feed upon their coatings of microscopic algae. We-collected grown nymphs from the stones about the east shore of Fourteen Mile Island on June 26. The adults fly in the late twilight. So inactive and seclusive are they by day that a true idea of their abund- ance can be obtained only by observing them in their mating flight. This occurs only in the fading light, when the stars are
114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apf;,°°25
coming out to view, and even then they are only to be seen against the background of the lighted western sky. We found a vantage point for watching them in the low, rocky promon- tory that forms the southwest corner of Juanita Island. Here, during every clear evening in August, we watched them swarm- ing by hundreds, until darkness closed them from view. The swarms were diffuse and the direction of flight was irregular, in curves extending obliquely upward and downward, in and out. The middle of the swarm was some 20 feet above the lake. Males were more numerous than females; the latter were slightly larger and flew a bit more slowly, being burdened with eggs. The eggs are salmon-red, and before they are laid they impart that tint to the body of the female (even in the grown nymphs they do this). They are finally carried extruded in flight, and they often fall off into a net when the female is captured.
The midges of these Heptagenia swarms were two common species of Chironomus; a rather large brownish species, C. aberrans, that was often nearly as abundant as were the may- flies, and a more delicate species, C. decorus, that was rather infrequent.
10. CALLIBAETIS sp. Nymphs of an undetermined species of this genus were common in the water weeds about the islands. In the fine Potamogeton beds at the “Coop” they were some- what less abundant than were nymphs of Leptophlebia, but were more abundant than those of Ephemera.
OponaTA: Dragonflies and Damselflies.
1. GompHus ExILis. Nymphs were collected from the shores of Juanita and Fourteen Mile Islands in late June.
2. GOMPHUS PLAGIATUS. One nymph skin was collected at the north end of the lake near Baldwin on August 23.
3. HAGENIUS BREVISTYLUS. One nymph was collected in the Narrows at “the Fields” by Mr. C. K. Sibley in late June.
4. BASIAESCHNA JANATA. One nymph was collected from a submerged stump by the dock on Juanita Island July 14.
5. MACROMIA ILLINOIENSIS. One nymph was found sprawl- ing on the sandy bottom at Juanita Island on June 22.
maxvi,-25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 115
6. DipyMoPS TRANSVERSA. One cast nymphal skin was sticking to the boat landing at Juanita Island June 22.
7. NEUROCORDULIA OBSOLETA. Four cast skins of this fine species were found on August 24 adhering to the face of Chives Rock where it rises from deep water; another was found on the face of the pier at Baldwin, also facing deep water.
8. TETRAGONEURIA CYNosURA. A single cast skin of this species was also found on the face of Chives Rock on August 24, and eleven skins and a nymph ready for transformation were found at Northwest Bay on the day preceding.
9. SYMPETRUM SEMICINCTUM. A few adults of this species were constantly flying about the shoals of Pearl Point in August.
s 10. ArGta vioLacEA. This pretty damselfly was not uncom- mon about Pearl Point and Shelving Rock in August.
11. ENALLAGMA CARUNCULATUM. This was the commoner of the two damselflies seen on Juanita Island. It was collected at Harris Bay also.
12. ENALLAGMA EBRIUM. This was collected on Juanita Island.
In the small marshes adjacent to the lake several species of Lestes and Libellula were seen, but no nymphs of either of these elsewhere common groups were found by us in the lake itself.
NEUROPTERA.
1. S1ALIS INFUMATA. The season of flight for this species was over before we reached Lake George in June, but many dried adults in fragments were still hanging in the spiders’ webs that overspread the face of Chives Rock on the 24th of August. Young larvae were not uncommonly found in the weed beds of the Narrows, associated with midge larvae and with mayfly nymphs.
2. CHAULIODES PECTINICORNIS. A grown larva of this species was found on a submerged stump by the dock on Juanita Island July 14.
3. CHAULIODES SERRICORNIS. A young larva of this species was found in Northwest Bay.
116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apr, 25 p
4. CLimaciA picrtyoNaA. During the latter part of July and the whole of August this species could be taken in flight at nightfall on Juanita Island, but it was not very common. Solitary individuals were often seen flying about the borders of a Heptagenia swarm, and a few were collected. A few larvae were observed upon some of the fresh-water sponges found in the bays.
An Adelid Gall on Virginia Creeper (Lepidoptera). 3y Harry B. Weiss and Erpman West, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
While collecting in a moist, shaded forest at Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, on May 26, 1921, it was noted that the leaf petioles of Virginia creeper, instead of being erect
Adelid galls on Virginia creeper.
and straight as they usually are when the plant is growing on the ground, were swollen, misshapen and twisted. Some petioles were enlarged for their entire length, others for four or five inches and some only for about an inch. At that date
sxx, 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Ng YA
most of the galls were about two inches in length. Some petioles exhibited a longitudinal swelling on one side whereas others were enlarged on both sides to twice the diameter of the petiole. In general the galls were irregular, somewhat flattened, longitudinal enlargements of the leaf stems, which resulted in a distorted and curled growth in many cases. Quite frequently the short stems from which the petioles arose were enlarged and curled and occasionally the galls extended close to the bases of the leaflets.
Upon cutting some of them open, they were found to contain from three to six, greenish-white or yellowish-white lepidopterous larvee feeding in longitudinal channels between the central core and the outer tissue. On May 30, some larvee were full grown at which time they were about four cr five millimeters long and about one millimeter wide. By June 11 many larve had become mature and were leaving the galls through small openings which later became ragged tears due to the collapse of the tissue. Before escaping from the gall, each larva clothes itself with a case made from particles of excrement. It then leaves the swollen petiole and crawls beneath the debris on the forest floor. Pupation takes place within the case during the last of August.
As a rule the galls were found only on plants which had no opportunity to climb. On some badly infested petioles, the leaves were undersized, wilted or dead; most of the foliage of infested stems however, did not appear to suffer any ill effects.
For three years unsuccessful efforts have been made to rear the moth so that its identity could be determined, There is apparently only one generation. By June 15 the injury is over and the larve have left the stems not to reappear as adults until the middle or third week of the following May, which is about the time small galls are first noticed.
Mr. Carl Heinrich identified the larva as that of a species ~of Adelidae, possibly Adela ridingsella which was described by Clemens in the “Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia” in 1864 (vol. II, p. 426). As there does not appear to be any record of a gall on Virginia creeper similar
118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apr, 28
to the one noted above and figured, these notes are presented in the hope that some one will be able to rear the adult and establish the identity of the species. In addition to Mon- mouth Junction, galls were found in several areas in the Watchung Mountains, New Jersey.
Notes on Two Butterfly Names Omitted from Recent Lists.
By Wo. Barnes and F. H. Benyamin, Decatur, Illinois.
While working ona Synonymic Catalogue we encountered names of two diurnal Lepidoptera omitted from most lists. These names seem to have been published in the sense of the Code of the Ninth International Zoological Congress, especially in view of Opinions 53 and 78 of the International Commission. The matter of authorship, and consequently of types, seems more confused than cleared by Opinion 78, which in parts appears to contradict itself, and also apparently contradicts Article 21 of the Code, which seems quite definite in regard to the point that the author of a name is the person “responsible for said name and its indication.” We therefore follow Article 21 of the Code and credit authorship to Mead. By following Opinion 78 it would be impossible to determine if the Mead or the W. H. Edwards specimens represented the types, and the authorship would evolve into the complicated formula ‘““W. H. Edwards in Mead in Wheeler.”
We have no notes on the location of the Mead specimens. Perhaps some of them ultimately went to the W. H. Edwards Collection, and eventually someone may find specimens which can be considered types. Mead’s descriptions are so brief that they scarcely do more than comply with the term “indications,” yet the evidence of locality, coupled with comparison with known species, leads us to believe we probably are correct in the following placement of the names. If, however, someone should determine a specimen as probably representing one of the originals covered by Mead, and this does not comply with our present placement of the names, we shall be glad to learn of it and to change our decision.
= | *
Mx XVI, 725 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 119
Meanwhile, as these names are available from the standpoint of nomenclature, we must accept them. Having accepted them, it is important from the standpoint of taxonomy to place them. With the probability that definite types can never be satisfactorily established for the names, it seems advisable to follow the precedence established for the Behr names and others whose types have been lost or destroyed and the evidence afforded by existing literature.
“Melitaea” eurytion Mead.
1875, Mead, in Wheeler, Rept. Geol. & Geog. Surv., V, 759, Melitaea. 1878, Strecker, Syn Cat. Macrolepid. N. Am., p. 126, nubigena, Melitaea.
An Edwards manuscript name published by Mead.
Strecker’s placement of this name as nubigena is apparently erroneous. We have not seen nubigena except from Cali- fornia; its subspecies colomia from Oregon and Washington, intergrading in some California localities with the typical sub- species; and the subspecies beant from Western. Alberta and British Columbia. In other words, nubigena and its subspecies are apparently restricted to the far West and Northwest.
The locality given by Mead, “Colorado,” seems to preclude the possibility of a nubigena form.
We think the name eurytion simply refers to anicia Dbldy. & Hew., which was subsequently named brucei by W. H. Edwards. Specimens are in the Barnes Collection compared with the type of anicia and the series of brucei of the Edwards Collection by Dr. J. McDunnough.
Melitaea calydon Mead.
1875, Mead, in Wheeler, Rept. Geol. & Geog. Surv., V. 760, Melitaea. 1878, Strecker, Syn. Cat. Macrolepid. N. Am., p. 126, palla form, Melitaea.
A similar Edwards manuscript name. Mead records twenty- five specimens taken by the Survey. Locality: Turkey Creek Junction, Colorado.
We think this is Colorado palla, which we do not consider distinct enough from California palla to warrant designation as a distinct subspecies. Should some future worker decide that the Colorado palla deserves a differentiating name, then calydon would appear available.
120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apts” 2a
A New Lithobiomorphous Chilopod from Uruguay. By RaLtpo V. CHAMBERLIN.
Comparatively few representatives of the Lithobiomorpha have been recorded from South America, those previously known, excepting one or two obviously introduced forms, belonging almost exclusively to the Henicopidae. The discov- ery of a member of the Lithobiidae in Uruguay is consequently a matter of interest and suggests the likelihood that this family will be found to have other representatives in the more south- ern sections of the continent. There is, of course, the slight possibility that this form may have been introduced, as Lithobius forficatus has been into Brazil, e. g.; but under any conditions the species represeuts a distinct new genus.
Kesubius, gen. noy.
A genus resembling Lithobius in the restricted sense but differing, e.g., in having the claws of the palpi of the second maxillae bifid, the prosternal teeth only 2+2, and the penult legs of the male provided with a dorsal lobe at the distal end of the fourth joint similar to that of fifth joint in Nampabius. The special spine or seta of prosternum is ectal in position. Head with typical marginal interruptions. Ocelli few, multi- seriate. Articles of antennae numerous, above twenty-five. Posterior angles of ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates
produced. Pores present on last, four pairs of coxae, uniseriate. Genotype.—Kesubius syntheticus sp. nov.
Kesubius syntheticus sp. nov.
Dorsum and head brown. Legs and antennae yellowish. An- tennae moderately long; composed of twenty-seven articles which are mostly of moderate length. Ocelli nine in number, arranged in three series; thus, 1+ 3, 3, 2; the ocelli well sep- arated, pale; organ of Tomosvary elliptic, larger than seriate ocelli but smaller than the single occellus. Prosternum not showing a distinct dental plate, the teeth not darker and not, or but little, more chitinous than the subjacent part of pros- ternum ; special spine situated close to ectal edge of outer tooth and a little caudad of it; prosternum shouldered ectad of teeth on each side, the shoulder or corner obtusely angular, Ven-
mxxvi, 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 121
tral spines of first legs 0, 0, 1, 3, 1. Ventral spines of thir- feemn tees 0) 1,3, 3, 4; dorsal spines, 1,-0, 3, 1; 12> Ven- j@al spines*of penult/legs, 0, 1, 3, 2,1; dorsal 1, 0, 3, 1, 0. Dorsal spines of eleventh and twelfth legs, 0, 0, 3, 1, 2. Coxae not laterally armed. In the male the lobe at end of fourth joint of penult legs is small, subcylindric, distally trun- cate, and extends obliquely dorsocaudad above the plane of articulation with fifth joint. Coxal pores 3, 5, 5, 3. Length, 15 mm.
Locality——Uruguay: Montevideo. Type: Male, with anal legs missing, sent for identification by F. Felippone. In collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
A New Genus of the Siphonaptera. By Carrot Fox, Surgeon, U. S. Public Health Service.
Actenophthalmus gen. nov.
Very close to Rhadinopsylla Jordan and Rothschild (1912) but easily distinguished by the six pairs of lateral plantar bristles on the fifth tarsal segments of all legs.
Frontal notch distinct; eye absent; a genal comb of five spines of approximately the same length, the upper spine not in line with and diverging from the others; anterior margin of the antennal groove thickened especially at the usual loca- tion of the eye; antennal groove not carried to top of head, the internal incrassation absent; labial palpus of five segments, the last segment not as long as the fourth and having near the tip posteriorly a curved bristle as in Rhadinopsylla and Ctenophthalmus; pronotal comb present; abdominal tergites with apical spines as follows, 2nd. with 6, 3rd. with 8, 4th. with 6 and 5th. with 4, on the two sides taken together ; seventh tergite with two antepygidial bristles on each side; pygidium convex ; a large patch of hairs on inner side of hind coxa; fifth tarsal segment of all legs with six pairs of stout lateral plantar bristles.
Type, Actenophthalmus heiseri McCoy (1911) as Ctenoph- thalmus. Type specimen in U. S. National Museum, No. 14154. Host unknown. Locality, Mojave, California.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, Pa., APRIL, 1925.
Hope.
Two entomologists stood before a case filled with books on insects among which one of them was searching for a par- ticular volume. “It’s no use” said the other, banteringly ; “You might as well as stop now as at any other time. There are ten million species of insects and you'll never get to the end.” “Carry out your idea logically,” the first replied, “and vou might as well never begin.” Neither of them stopped.
A week ago the earth and the air were filled with the promise of spring as the thermometer mounted to the seven- ties. To-night, as these words are written, a high northwestern gale has driven the temperature to seventeen degrees below the freezing point and no insect stirs out of doors.
In both cases the entomologist is sustained by the hope that betterment will come—that he will shed some little light on the obscurity that veils so much of the living world, just as the eternal round of the seasons will again bring spring time
and harvest—of insects as of grains.
We desire here to acknowledge our appreciation of the re- plies to our Editorial in the March number. We are especially glad to get those giving suggestions and opinions as to what would make for the improvement of our journal, and we feel sure they will greatly help us in our work. We thank the following persons for their words of advice and approval: W. S. Blatchley, S. E. Cassino, R. A. Cooley, M. H. Hatch, E, P. Felt, H. B. Weiss and E. A. Klages.
122
KX UIE: 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123
California’s Annual Butterfly Show.
The 4th Annual Butterfly Show of the Lorquin Ento- mological Club was held at the Southwest Museum in Los Angeles, Calif., during February. Fifteen exhibitors displayed parts of their collections and some fifteen thousand moths and butterflies were arranged in cases and cabinets for public approval. Very little Eastern material was represented, prac- tically everything being from the West Coast. Mr. Wm. Schrader’s exhibit of J. coenia showing some twenty-five gen- erations thru to form nigrosuffusa was of special interest, as were the Calif. group of Melitaeas by Geo. Malcolm. A fine display of local Noctwidae was arranged by Chas. Hill. Among the commercial displays, that by Mrs. Alice Newcomb received “Ist Commercial Prize Ribbon” for Butterfly Arts and Crafts.
J. D. Gunner, Recorder for 1925.
Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph at the end of their respective orders. Those containing descriptions of new genera and species occurring north of Mexico are preceded by an *.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
4—Canadian Entomologist. 5—Psyche. 11—Deutsche Ent. Zeitschrift. 18—Internationale Entomolog. Zeit., Guben. 22—Bulletin of Ent. Research. 24—Annales, Societe Ent. de France. 45—Zeit. f. Wissenschftl. Insek- entk., Berlin. 50—Proc., U. S. Nat. Mus. 69—Comptes Rendus des Seances, Acad. Sci. Paris. 75—Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 89—Zool. Jahrbucher, Jena. 107—Biologisches Zentralblatt. 130—Ohio Jour. of Sci- ences. 131—Entomologische Blatter, Berlin. 145—Physis, Buenos Aires. 154—Zoolog. Anzeiger.
GENERAL. Barber, G. W.—The importance of winter mortality in the natural control of the European corn borer in New England, 5, xxxi, 279-92. Bruch, C.—La obra cienti-
124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apr ea)
fica del Dr. Carlos Bruch. 145, vii, 216-277. Hedicke & Hering.—Vorschlage fur eine terminologie der blattminen. 11, 1924, 185-99. Oberthur, C.—Obituary. 18, xviii, 299-30. Schroder, C.—Handbuch der entomologie. iii, p. 849-1040. Young, R. T.—The life of Devils Lake, North Dakota. (Pub. N. Dak. Biol. Sta., 1924, 114 pp., Insecta, p. 94-8.)
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC. Bierens de Haan, J. A.—Reflex und instinkt bei dem am- eisenlowen. 107, xliv, 657-67. Bodenheimer, F. S.—Uber die ausnutzung des pflanzenneueunfuhrungen entstandenen. freien nahrungsraums durch einheimische insekten. 107, xliv, 671-5. Corneli, W.—Von dem ausbau des sehorgans der blattwespenlarven u. der entwick. des netzauges. 89, xlvi, Anat., 573-608. Dallas, E. D—Melomelia tarsai en un coleoptero argentino, Scatophilus dasypleurus. 145, vii, 242-3. Feuerborn, H. J.—Das problem der segmentalen eliederung des insektenthorax. 154, lxu, 1-26. Heyde, K.— Die entwicklung der psychischen fahigkeiten bei ameisen und ihr verhalten bei abgeanderten biol. bedingungen. 107, xliv, 623-54. Hosselet, C_.—Les eonocytes de Culex annu- latus et etude de leur chondriome au cours de la secretion. 69, clxxx, 399-401. Mohr, O. L.—A minute-like I]I-chromo- some recessive in Drosophila melanogaster. (Br. Jour. Exper. Biol., ii, 189-98.) Parker, H. L.—Recherches sur les formes post-embryonnaires des Chalcidiens. 24, xcili, 261-379. Passerini, N.—Influenza della qualita alimenti sull accrescimento delle larve e sul metabolismo del Tene- brio. molitor.” (Att Re. Accad.. Naz. “Mince. 4, poo-9)). Pawlowsky, E. N.—Zur ausseren morphologie der skor- pione, p. 473. Zur morphol. der weibl. genitalorgane der skorpione, p. 493. 89, xlvi, Anat., 473-508. Prell, H.—Zur biologie der blattschaber (Cionini). 154, Ixii, 33-48. Rasanen, V.—Stridulationsapparate bei ameisen besonders bei Formicidae. (Acta Soc. Fauna et Fl. Fennica, xl, No. 8.) Rittershaus, K.—Eine neue art von eisprengern bei lamellicornierlarven (Phylloptera horticola und Anomala aenea). 154, Ixii, 31-3. Trappmann, W.—Die malpighi- schen gefasse von Apis mellifica. Anatomie u. phys. des zwischendarmes von A, mellifica. Die bildung der peri- tropihischen membran von A. mel. Die rectaldrusen von A. mel. Morphol. u. entwicklungsgeschichte von Nosema apis. (Arb. aus der Bio. Reichs. f. Land-i. Forstwirts., Berlin, xii, 565-622.)
exxvi, 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA. Dias, Libanio e Lisboa.—Lucta contra os escorpioes: The struggle against scorpions. (Mem. Inst. O. Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, xvii, 5-44. Gatenby, J. B—Notes on Acarine or Isle of Wight bee dis- eise. (5¢..Proc. KR. Dublin Soc., xvii, 357-63.)
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA. Needham, J. G—tThe male of the parthenogenetic may-fly, Ameletus ludens. 5, xxxi, 308-10. Porter, C. E——Los estudios sobre neuropteros chilenos. (Rev. Chilena Hist Nat., xxvii, 168-
81.)
Banks, N.—Neurop. from the Williams Galapagos exped. Zoologica, N. Y., v, 177-80.) Navas, L.—Algunos insectos de Chile..2d ser. (Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., xxviii, 12-16.)
HEMIPTERA. Chamberlin, J. C—The citrus Coccidae of the World. An appeal for co-operation and aid. 22, xv, 281-2. Torre-Bueno, J. R—Methods of collecting, mount- ing and preserving hemiptera. 4, lvii, 6-10.
* Drake & Hottes.—Four undescribed sps. of water- striders (Gerridae). 130, xxv, 46-50. Myers, J. G—On the systematic position of the fam. Termitaphididae with a descr. of an. gen and sp. from Panama. 5, xxxi, 259-78.
LEPIDOPTERA. Bouvier, E. L.—Sur les Saturniens Hemileucides du groupe du Dirphia tarquina. 24, xciil, 381-9. Draudt, M.—The macrolepidoptera of the World, Fauna Amer. Pts. 158-59. Noctuidae, Genera Cardepia to Xylomyges. *McDunnough, J.—New Canadian L. with notes. 4, lvii, 11-23. Stichel, H.—Beitrage z. kenntnis der Riodinidenfauna Sudamerikas. VII. Nord-Brasilien. 45, xix, 245-50.
DIPTERA. * Aldrich, J. M.—New D. or two winged mies im the U.)S. Nat. Mus. 50, ixvi, Art.. 18. *Curran, C. H.—Three new D. from Labrador. 4, lvii, 24-6. * Dyar & Shannon.—The mosquitoes of Peary’s pole exped. of 1908. (Jour. Wash. Ac. Sc., xv, 77-8.) Edwards, F. W.— Mosquito notes.—V. On the identity of certain type speci- mens, of Wulp and Theobald. 22, xv, 260-2. * Hull, F. M.
= feview of the gen. Eristalis in N. Amer. 130, xxv, 11-45.
126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apt:,: 23
COLEOPTERA. Blake, D. H.—Note on the habits of
Sphenophorus pontederiae. 5, xxxi, 311. Forbes, W. T. M.°
—How a beetle folds its wings. 5, xxxi, 254-8.
Bruch, C.—Dos nuevos coleopteros mirmecofilos. 145, vii, 227-31. * Fall, H. C—Some notes on Cercyon, with descr. of three n. sps. 5, xxxi, 247-53. Mann, W. M.—New beetle guests of army ants. (Jour. Wash. Ac. Sc., xv, 73-7.) Marshall, G. A. K.—On new Curculionidae from Brazil. 75, xv, 282-96. Mutchler, A. J—Coleop. from the Williams Galapagos exped. (Zcologica, N. Y., v. 219-40.) Ochs, G. —Uber neue und interessante Gyriniden aus dem Br. Mus. in London. 131, xx, 228-44.
HYMENOPTERA. Reinhard, E. G.——The wasp Hopli- sus costalis, a hunter of tree hoppers. (Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., xv, 107-10.) Savin, W. M.—The social wasps—Polistes and Vespa. (Nat. Hist., xxv, 81-86.)
Bruch, C.— Description de la reina, Eciton hetschkoi. Un nuevo estafilinido ecitonfilo. Una nueva ponerina, Acantho- stichus ramosmexiae, n. sp. 145, vil, 232-35; 256-60; 260-61. Brues, C. T.—The identity of Leptofeonus and Pelecinella, 5, xxxi, 302-4, Clement, E.—Opuscuia Hymenopterologica. 11, 1924, 105-33. Dittrich, R.—Die Tenthredinidocecidien, durch blattwespen verursachte pflanzengallen u. ihre erzeuger. (Zoologica.-Stuttgart, xxiv, 587-635.) Dover, C. —Notes on the genus Nectarina (Vespidae). 5, xxxi, 305-7. Friese, H.—Ueber auffallende hummelformen. 11, 1924,
437-9.
Doings of Societies.
The Entomological Section of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Meeting of January 24, 1924. Director Laurent in the chair. Eleven persons present.
Oponata.—Dr. Calvert made a communication on the taxo- nomic characters of odonate larve, illustrating his remarks with specimens and lantern slides.
HyMeENopTEeRA.—Mr. Kisliuk presented larve of Emphy- tus cuictus Linn., taken on manetti stock from Ireland at Phila- delphia, Nov. 21, 1923.
Drprera.—Mr. Hornig read a clipping from a New York newspaper which stated that householders should kill off the flies which come into the house in the fall after the screens
soni :
xxxvI, 725 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 127
are removed, as these are the progenitors of the next summer's house flies. Mr. Hornig deplored such publicity of an untruth, which works against his campaign for the destruction of the hibernating larve in the breeding places.
Meeting of March 27, 1924. Vice-Director R. C. Williams presided. Ten persons present, including J. L. King, of the Japanese beetle laboratory, C. G. Albrecht, of the Federal Inspection Board and J. Kotinsky.
Mr. King reported that he has just heard of the death of Dr. A. D. MacGillivray, on evening of March 24th.
CoLeorTerRA.—Mr. Kisliuk reported the confiscation of a quantity of sweet potatoes on a ship from Cuba, infested by the sweet potato weevil. Dr. Calvert referred to a Geography of Pennsylvania by C. B. Trego, 1843, in which under the subiect of Insects, Prof. S. S. Haldeman says ‘Pennsylvania is the most northern limit of Scarabaeus tityus . . . we have met with but one mature specimen.” Dr. Calvert asked if anyone present knows of other records for this species in Pennsylvania. Several mentioned that it has been recorded from Ohio and Indiana, but could not mention any other records for Pennsylvania.*
Mr. Rehn gave an extremely interesting account of his trip to Costa Rica, in 1923, describing the various localities visited and their particular insect life. The communication was illustrated by specimens and lantern slides.
Meeting of May 22, 1924. Director Laurent presided. Eight persons present.
A circular letter was read announcing the fifth annual sum- mer meeting of the Northeastern Section of the American Association of Economic Entomologists, the program of which scheduled the evening of July 15th in Philadelphia. Dr. Skin- ner suggested that the Section invite them to hold an in- formal meeting at the Academy. To that end it was moved and seconded that an invitation be extended to the association to meet here, and a committee of two be appointed to confer with them regarding this matter and make such arrangements as may be appropriate. Dr. Calvert was appointed chairman of this committee with the privilege to select the other member.
Mr. C. F. Greeves Carpenter, of Philadelphia, was elected a Contributor.
* Further information on the occurrence of this species in Pennsyl- vania was subsequently obtained and will be published later—Eb.,
128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Apr., ’25
LepipoptERA.—Mr. Davis exhibited specimens; of Antho- charis genutia from Neshaminy Falls, Pennsylvania, showing unusually small females.
Dr. Calvert exhibited a specimen of rock showing a species of fossil coral which he received as a possible wing of a fossil dragonfly.
_ Mr. Rehn gave an interesting talk about his recent col- lecting trip to Jamaica, illustrating his remarks by lantern slides.
Meeting of September 25, 1924. Director Philip Laurent presided. Six persons present. The death of Dr. David M. Castle, August 5, 1924, in his 82d year, was announced, Dr. Castle was elected a contributor Nov. 25, 1886, and a member, March 24, 1898. <A report was presented on the meeting of the Northeastern’ Section of the Association of American Economic Entomologists, held at the Academy, July 30th. The meeting proved very successful, was well attended and enjoyed by over 75 persons.
LEPIpoPpTERA.—Dr, Calvert exhibited a female of Papilio turnus, intermediate in coloring between the well known black and yellow forms of this sex, although with black predominat- ing over yellow, taken by himself at Cheyney, Pennsylvania, August 23, 1924. It was considerably battered when taken, the hind wings having lost the tails. It was kept alive in a cage until the night of Aug. 27-28, when it died, having been sup- plied with fresh flowers of Buddleya (which it sucked) and sprays of four of the listed food plants of the larve of the species, in the hopes of obtaining eggs, but unsuccessfully. Part of the time a male was confined with it. He also exhibited a pair of the red moth Galasa rubidana W1k., pinned, as nearly as he could imitate, in the position of coitus in which they were taken at Cheyney, July 27, 1924. Tail to tail, their wings spread but slightly, each individual forming an isosceles tri- angle, base to base, they presented the appearance of a twelve- legged insect with a head at each end.
EK. T. Cresson, Jr., Recorder.
OBITUARY.
The death of ANpREAS Banc-Haas, one of the founders of the firm of Dr. O, Staudinger and A. Bang-Haas, on Feb- ruary 7, 1925, after a short severe illness, in Dresden-Blase- witz, is announced by his son, Otto Bang-Haas.
The GeAtsmologist S Monthly Magazine.—A journal devoted neral Entomology, started in 1864, and now edited by G. C.
Champion, J. FE. Collin, R. W. Lloyd, G. T. Porritt, J. J. Waiker,
. G. Blair and H. Scott.
contains descriptions of new genera and species in all orders ritish and foreign), life histories. reviews of new works, etc. Vol.
XI (XI of the 3d Series) was commenced in January, 1925. The subscription for the 12 numbers is 5 shillings per annum, post free,
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VoL. XXXVI MAY, 1925 No. 5 CONTENTS Howard—Parasitic Hymenoptera Feed- The New York State List of Insects... 148 ing by Indirect Suction............ 129 | III. International Congress ot Ento- Hood—Six New Thysanoptera from the ii(alley~ fagoubesop dddusnsacaoscauada 148 Western United States............. 134 | Cort—The American Society of Parasi- Dr. William Schaus..........+s.++ee0- 138 tologists ..........eeeeeeee coeeeee- 149 Champlain, Kirk and Knull—Notes on Needham—Entomologists are Honest. 149 Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)....... 139 | Riley—An Enquiry .............--..0.- 150 Crosby and Bishop—Two New Spiders Entomological Literature.............. 150 Review of The Revista Chilena de His-
from the Blue Ridge Mountains of
North Carolina (Araneina)........ 142 Klages—What becomes of Great Col- | cehittoy GME Sete sou Coa dune omeacre 146
Fditorial--Giveus Entomological News! 147 Prof. and Mrs. Cockerell to Visit Ar- PENINA...cccecsccseeee soni cagOuOS 148
COKIAM NAULMT Ace a oils cecoittelaivaissie lols 157 Review Fiji-New Zealand Expedition. 158 Doings of Societies—The American En-
tomological Society (Coleoptera,
Bepidoptera) een a<-clsl-cisses cee =i 159
Parasitic Hymenoptera Feeding by Indirect Suction. By L. O. Howarp, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C.
The gaps in our knowledge of the biology and economy of the parasitic Hymenoptera are so great as almost to be ap- palling. The object of this note is once more to call to the attention of American workers a very interesting field in which many more observations are needed.
In an article published in the June, 1910, number of the Jour- nal of Economic Entomology, I wrote of the habit with certain Chalcidoidea of feeding at the puncture holes made by the ovipositor, mentioning Paul Marchal’s observations on the feed- ing of Tetrastichus xanthomelaenae in this way on the eggs of the European elm leaf beetle, those of Dr. H. T. Fernald of a similar habit on the part of Tetrastichus asparagi with the eggs of the imported asparagus beetle; also those of Marchal again of the same habit with Aphelinus mytilaspidis in relation to Aspidiotus ostreaeformis ; also the observations by Mr. J. G. Sanders, then of the federal Bureau of Entomology, on Aphelinus fuscipennis in relation to Aspidiotus rapar. All of these observations were practically identical and were as-
129
realds a
130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, ’25 y,
sumed in my note to be indicative of a habit which might be very general among many parasitic Hymenoptera, and I called attention to them especially for the very good reason which I quoted from Marchal and which may be translated, very freely, as follows:
This is a factor hitherto neglected which must be taken into consideration in the study of the evolution and specialization of the instincts related to reproduc- tion which one observes with insects and Ras Bi with Hymenoptera.
In 1921 Mr. B. Trouvelot of Marchal’s eae published a note (reviewed by me in Entomological News for July, 1922). in. which he described a most curious and interesting complica- tion in this habit of feeding at the puncture hole, showing that Habrobracon johannseni piercing the cocoons of the potato tuber moth secretes a gelatinous tube connecting the body of the larva with the exterior of the silken cocoon so that the parasite can feed readily. I pointed out that a similar habit would surely be found among parasitic Hymenoptera in this country, and my object in sending the note to Entomological News was to ask observers to look into the matter.
Since that time other similar observations have been made. J. L. Lichtenstein in France has noticed a similar procedure with Habrocytus cionicida, a Chalcidoid parasite of Cionus thapsi. J. C. Faure, also in France, found something similar with a species of Pachyneuron and with Pteromalus variabilts and Arthrolytus sp. Jointly with Messrs. Paillot and Ferriere, he found something similar with Dibrachys boucheanus, while: Voukassovitch has studied a similar procedure with Dibrachys affius and Pteromalus encerus. Thus it will be seen that a: group of entomologists in France have been paying Tather. especial attention to this remarkable habit.
Quite recently J. C. Faure (Revue de Zoologie agricole et appliquée, October 1924, pages 225-233) has published certain studies on the oviposition and mode of nutrition of Pteromalus variabilis and Eurytoma appendigaster when parasitizing Apanteles glomeratus through its cocoons.
XXxvi,.’25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 131
He shows how the adult of Pteromalus variabilis runs over the cocoons. touching them: with its antennae until it stops, places its legs firmly upon the silk, draws its abdomen under until it forms a right angle with the rest of the body, and thrusts its ovipositor into the wall of the cocoon. The move- ments which it makes are described. Then the ovipositor seeks the larva in the cocoon, exploring the surface of its body and finally puncturing it, which results in a paralysis of the larva. Then the ovipositor is withdrawn, the abdomen contracts rhythmically, and a liquid consisting of a whitish mucus is secreted between the stylets in drops and descends to the body of the host larva. After some seconds the ovipositor is with- drawn very slowly, permitting the liquid of the forming tube to rest in place. The tube thus formed varies in length ac- cording to the space between the larva and the wall of the cocoon, and is of a brilliant white in color and is difficult to: see at first. It comes quite to the outside of the cocoon above the silk threads. After withdrawing the ovipositor, the para- site searches, first with its antennae and then with its palpi, to find the extremity of the tube, through which it sucks up the blood of the larva. It may suck thus from fifteen to thirty minutes, and the whole feeding may last from twenty minutes to an hour and a half with periods of rest. Disturbed, or by her own volition, the female may abandon the tube, but readily finds it again. :
This feeding method may also be used when the larvae of the Apanteles are taken out of their cocoons. In this case also a tube is secreted, but it is short and only takes from five to seven minutes to make. Dibrachys boucheanus does the same thing, as Voukassovitch observed when he gave it larvae of Sitotroga. Faure also noticed that sometimes the parasites nourished themselves without the help of a tube, applying their mouths to the point pierced by the ovipositor. According to Genieys and also to Picard, Habrobracon johannseni makes no tube if it is feeding upon larvae taken out of the cocoon. Genieys questions whether the absence of the tube is due to a change of instinct or the mechanical impossibility of making a tube under such circumstances. Faure thinks that the obser-
132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, *25
vations just cited discard the second hypothesis and that it is difficult to admit the first, at least in a general way.
The egg-laying is then described for this species, and then the formation of a similar tube with Eyrytoma appendigaster, another enemy of the Apanteles. This process is described in detail, but is not strikingly dissimilar to the one just described, although the perforation of the cocoon and the formation of the tube with the latter species only occupies from five to six minutes. Then the egg-laying of the Eurytoma is described in
further detail. Under the head of General Considerations, Faure goes on to
state that in his opinion nutrition with the aid of a suction tube is probably frequent with Hymenoptera which parasitize hosts living in closed receptacles (such as the cocoons of Apanteles and galls and so on), but of course the observations which have as yet been made—eight in all and by a very few entomologists —will hardly permit a generalization. He points out that Picard has noticed that the female of Melittobia acasta which wishes to nourish itself from a living prey in a closed receptacle to the walls of which it does not adhere, attacks the cocoon with its mandibles and passes its head through the hole made in this way, afterwards laying its egg through the cocoon wall.
The same writer also describes the mode of nutrition of Hemuteles areator, which draws along its ovipositor the blood of the larva of Apanteles enclosed in its cocoon. The paralysis of the victim before feeding or egg-laying, which has been noticed with numerous Hymenopterous parasites, is indis- pensable in such cases as those just described in order to enable the making and the use of a suction tube. The liquid from, which the tube is built plays a plain role in the sliding of the egg down through the ovipositor and in its fastening the egg to its host. Faure asks whether there is in all this an indication that in nutrition we may find the adaptive origin of the ovipositor sheath ?
It may be asked, as Trouvelot suggests, whether this habit of nutrition with the aid of a tube associated with the special mechanism of oviposition does not constitute one of the im- portant biological characters which permit the parasitic rela-
xxxvi, 725 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133
tion to be extended to hosts which live in enclosed places. Faure does not give this conception any great weight, since he has pointed out two other methods of nutrition which are pos- sible at the expense of hidden hosts. It seems also that certain females never nourish themselves from their hosts when laying their eggs. Moreover, he has observed the oviposition of nu- merous Hymenoptera, and believes that the existence of a viscous liquid is not indispensable to permit the descent of the egg, while the fixation of the egg upon the host is not the gen- eral rule. It should be also noticed that while certain insects secreting a tube abandon this practice when they are feeding upon naked larvae, others preserve it.
Undoubtedly many observations on the mere feeding at the puncture hole have been made since the publication of my note in June 1910, enough, in fact, to justify Marchal’s suggestion that the habit must be rather general; but very few of them have been placed on record. R. A. Cushman in his important article on the “Calliephialtes Parasite of the Codling Moth” in the Journal of Agricultural Research, volume I, page 232, showed that C. messor feeds greedily on the juices issuing from the punctures which it makes in the codling moth larva, and Mr. A. B. Gahan has shown me unpublished notes indicating a similar habit on the part of Jtoplectes conquisitor when puncturing the pupae of Autographa brassicae and on the part of Cirrospilus flavicinctus in its relations to Coptodisca splen- dortferella. Some of the other notes that must have been made should be published. In fact, as I talk with entomologists here and there and everywhere, I am constantly learning of observa- tions which have never been recorded but which would be ex- tremely suggestive and would inspire other workers if they were only put into print.
But about the tube formation there seem to have been no recorded observations in the United States. I was inclined to be a bit incredulous until Trouvelot himself showed me the tube plainly in Marchal’s laboratory in June, 1923. It only took a little close observation, and Faure states in his article from which we have just quoted that he saw the whole opera- tion easily under the binocular microscope.
134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, ’25
Six New Thysanoptera from the Western United States. By J. Doucias Hoop, University of Rochester. (Continued from page 105.)
Rhynchothrips piger sp. nov.
2 (brachypterous).—Length about 1.6 mm. Color dark blackish brown (black to the naked eye), with tarsi and apices of all femora and tibiae brownish yellow; antennae with seg- ments 1, 2, 7 and 8 brown, 2 paler apically and 7 in pedicel; 3 yellow, sometimes lightly shaded with brown at apex; 4-6 progressively darker, brownish yellow or brown,. with yellow pedicels, 4 sometimes nearly as pale as 3.
Head very slightly wider than long, broadest somewhat behind eyes; cheeks rounded, distinctly converging posteriorly, the head at base about 0.9 the greatest width; lateral and dorsal surfaces striate with widely spaced anastomosing lines which become rather heavily reticulate on vertex, and with the usual minute, transparent bristles; vertex broadly rounded in front, overhanging insertion of antennae, and bearing the anterior ocellus at its extremity; postocular bristles nearly as long as eyes, almost pointed, dark in color. Eyes nearly four-tenths the length of head, two-thirds as wide as their interval. Ocelli situated well forward. Antennae 2.5 times as long as head; segment 3 clavate, symmetrical ; 4-6 pedicellate, 4 longer than 5 and about 1.9 times as long as wide, pedicel not sharply sepa- rated from rest of segment; 7 distinctly pedicellate; 8 broadly united to 7. Mouth cone long and acute, extending well on to mesosternum.
Prothorax along median dorsal line about two-thirds as long as head and (inclusive of coxae) nearly 2.9 times as wide as long, without a median dark line, surface without sculpture; all bristles present, blunt but not knobbed, dark in color, outer pair at posterior angles somewhat longer than postoculars, inner pair about equal to postoculars, midlaterals still shorter, the two pairs on anterior margin decidedly shorter and slen- derer than midlaterals. Pterothorax slightly wider than pro- thorax, sides slightly convex, nearly parallel. Wings about attaining base of abdomen, brown in color, and with the three usual sub-basal bristles as long as midlaterals, blunt, brown. Legs rather long, noticeably slender; fore tarsi unarmed.
Abdomen large, broad, fully 1.4 times as wide as prothorax. Tube about three-fourths as long as head, about 1.8 times as long as basal width, and fully twice as wide at base as at apex,
xxxvi, ’25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135
sides straight. Bristles dully pointed, brown; lateral bristles
on segment 9 about 0.7 as long as tube, shorter than terminal
bristles.
Measurements of holotype (2): Length 1.59 mm.; head, length 0.188 mm., width behind eyes 0.196 mm., at base 0.176 mim., prothorax, length 0.123 mm., width (inclusive of coxae) 0.353 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.405 mm.; abdomen, width 0.510 mm.; tube, length 0.146 mm., width at base 0.081 mm., at apex 0.038 mm.
Pilennel SeOMentS. 4-1 2 do) 4-5 "6 7-8 leeictn (merons).2. 45. 57 75, 70 64° 66. 58° 37 Widthe(micranS).... d+. a9. 35. 3/7 34, 32°27 ‘JA Total length of antenna 0.47 mm.
3 (brachypterous).—Smaller than female and with more slender abdomen; fore tarsus unarmed.
Described from 5 females and one male, collected by Mr. L. O. Jackson, at Eldorado Springs, Colorado, June 23, 1918, on a plant which is, as yet, undetermined.
Close to Rh. russelli, but structurally separable by having the tube three-fourths, instead of 0.9, as long as head; the mouth cone acute and extending well onto mesosternum, instead of barely attaining it; the prothorax nearly 2.9, instead of 2.0 to 2.25, times as wide as long; the fourth antennal segment longer, instead of shorter, than 5, and 1.9, instead of 1.6, times as long as wide; as well as by the broader head, longer mid- lateral bristles and slenderer legs. In coloration the only ap- parent difference lies in the antennae, which in piger are much darker, with the first two segments more nearly concolorous with the head than with the third segment.
Eurythrips harti sp. nov.
¢ (macropterous).—Length about 1.5 mm. Color light brown, with thorax, sides of head and tip of abdomen slightly darker ; subhypodermal pigmentation orange yellow, appearing black by reflected light; legs pale yellow, with femora and tibiae lightly shaded with brown; antennae with segments 1 and 2 pale, about concolorous with legs, slightly darkened at. sides, 3-8 dark brown, 3 palest and with yellow pedicel, 8 darkest.
Head about 1.08 times as long as wide, constricted at pos- terior angles of eyes, cheeks diverging slightly to base, notice-
136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, ’25
ably roughened in basal half, dorsum of head smooth; vertex slightly elevated and produced, slightly overhanging, bearing the anterior ocellus at its extremity; postocular bristles nearly half as long as head, pointed, colorless; postocellar bristles a little longer than diameter of ocelli; occiput with the usual pair of small bristles about midway between eyes and base of head. Eyes about one-fourth as long as head, somewhat bulg- ing, two-thirds as wide as long, and less than half as wide as their interval, rather coarsely facetted, about 5 facets making up their lateral outline. Ocelli not situated far forward, the posterior margin of posterior ocelli slightly in advance of center of eyes; anterior ocellus directed forward. Antennae 2.3 times as long as head; segments 3-7 pedicellate; 8 somewhat nar- rowed at base but hardly lanceolate or pedicellate, broadly united to 7. Mouth cone semicircularly rounded at apex, slightly surpassing middle of prosternum; tip of labrum not surpassing tip of labium.
Prothorax nearly 0.8 as long as head and (inclusive of coxae) about twice as wide as long, surface without sculpture ; anterior marginal bristles minute, all others long, slender and pointed, nearly colorless, midlaterals about equal to postoculars, those at anterior angles much shorter and those at posterior angles much longer and curved. Pterothorax wider than prothorax, narrowed posteriorly, sides slightly convex. Wings of nearly the same width throughout, darker basally, quite uniform brownish beyond; no accessory hairs on posterior margin near tip; the three subbasal bristles pointed, outer longest and about equal to postoculars, others slightly shorter. Legs moderately short and strong, fore tarsi unarmed.
Abdomen wider than pterothorax. Tube nearly 0.9 as long as head and about twice as long as basal width, which is about 1.8 times the apical; sides straight. Bristles long, pale yellow and pointed, those on segment 9 much longer than tube; ter- minal bristles darker, two-thirds as long as tube.
Measurements of holotype (?): Length 1.49 mm.; head, length 0. 174 mm., greatest width 0.161 mm., width behind eyes 0. 135 mm.; eyes, length 0.047 mm., width 0.032 mm., interval 0.075 mm. ; postocular bristles, length 0.080 mm. ; prothorax, length 0.135 mm. , width (inclusive of coxae) 0.267 mm. ; ptero- thorax, width 0.300 mm.; abdomen, width 0.345 mm.; tube, length 0.155 mm., width at base 0.079 mm., at apex 0.044 mm.
Amtennal segments. .... » ll!” {2 seem apens e ieee Length (microns)... 42 54 56 54 56 53 49 40 Wadéth (microns ).\...%, .42. 345. soumso se Zocated » 4A
Total length of antenna 0.40 mm.
xxxvi, ’25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137
Described from one macropterous female taken by Charles A. Hart, at Brownsville, Texas, November 20, 1911, “in sweep- ings from grass, etc.”
Readily known from the other species of the genus which have pointed bristles by the dark brown color of the third and fourth antennal segments (excepting the yellow pedicel of segment 3), the rounded mouth cone, unarmed fore tarsi, long antennae and short postocellar bristles.
Dedicated to Mr. Hart, who for several years spent all his leisure time collecting Thysanoptera in Illinois and Texas, and who in this way added to the North American list more than forty species new to science, three more than were recorded in 1902 by Hinds from the entire continent.
Oedaleothrips jacksoni sp. nov.
? (apterous ).—Length about 2.5 mm. General color deep black; posterior third of pterothorax and all of segment 1 of abdomen nearly white; segment 5 of abdomen with a pair of snow-white blotches at the posterior angles; segments 1-3 of antennae lemon yellow, the first two slightly tinged with pale brown at base, the remainder of antennae abruptly deep black ; legs blackish brown, middle and hind tibiae and their tarsi dis- tinctly darker ; tube black.
Head about 1.5 times as long as wide, decidedly elevated and swollen behind eyes, narrowed posteriorly to a neck-like base which is only two-thirds the greatest width of head; postocular bristles small, almost lateral, capitate, similar to a forwardly- directed pair near base of antennae. Eyes flattened, protruding, widely separated and about half as wide as their dorsal interval, produced posteriorly in an acute angle on ventral surface of head. Ocelli wanting. Antennae about 1.4 times as long as head, intermediate segments more slender than in Oe. hookert Hood (see measurements ), segment 3 nearly four times as long as greatest width; 5 and 6 produced at apex into a ventral tooth ; 4-7 pedicellate.
Prothorax less than twice as long as head and (inclusive of coxae) about 1.8 times as wide as long, declivous posteriorly ; bristles similar to postoculars. Pterothorax greatly reduced, about as long as broad but distinctly narrower than head; metanotum with heavy, concentric anastomising striae. Legs long and slender; hind femora and tibiae distinctly arcuate. Fore tarsus with a short and very stout triangular tooth.
138 ENTOMOLOGICAL’ NEWS May, ’25
Abdomen broad and heavy, abruptly broadened from the very narrow base, more than twice as wide as pterothorax; tube coal black, about 0.4 as long as head, and somewhat more than twice as wide at base as at apex, sides straight; bristles nearly colorless, pointed.
Measurements of holotype: Length 2.45 mm.; head, length 0.495 mm., greatest width 0.333 mm., width at base 0.213 mm.; prothorax, length 0.207 mm., width (inclusive of coxae) 0.375 mm.; pterothorax, width at middle 0.285 mm.; abdomen, greatest width 0.654 mm.; tube, length 0.189 mm., width at base 0.105 mm., at apex 0.051 mm.
Atteritial’segmients 02.0 SOS BAe ee Ge aaa Length (microns)... 54 90 162 117 108 90 66 52 Width (microns)... 43 41 43 41 38 34 29 21
Total length of antenna 0.739 mm.
Described from one female taken by Mr. L. O. Jackson, at Mill Gulch, Colorado, May 30, 1919, from a limb of Mountain Mahogany, Cercocarpus parvifolius Nutt.
Readily known from Oe. hookeri Hood (the type of the genus) by the coloration and the more slender antennae, dif- ferently shaped tube, and the pointed abdominal bristles. Oe. querci, from Florida, differs abruptly in having the third anten- nal segment uniform dark brown in color, and the second antennal segment only half as long as the fourth. The species of this genus are decidedly ant-like in general appearance and strongly suggestive, in several ways, of Compsothrips bicolor IKarny, from Paraguay. Oedaleothrips, in fact, may prove to be a synonym of Compsothrips Reuter ; but I have been unable to secure a specimen of the Old World genotype for comparison.
It is fitting that this interesting and striking species should be named for Mr. Jackson, whose careful collecting has done much to further our knowledge of the North American Thy- sanoptera.
. Doctor Wiiliam Schaus.
On February 27, the University of Pittsburgh conferred the degree of doctor of science upon Mr. Wm. Schaus, who is Honorary Assistant Curator of the U. S. National Museum, in charge of Lepidoptera.
xxxvi, °25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS’ 139
Notes on Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). By A. B.'‘CHamprain, H. B. Kirk and J: Ni KNULL, Pennsylvania Bureau of Plant Industry.. (Continued from page 109.)
XYLOTRECHUS ACERIS Fisher—This species was found infest- ing red maple (Acer rubrum), silver maple (Acer saccharinusn} and sugar maple (Acer saccharwim).
The larval workings cause galls, usually after the species has emerged, on the smooth trunks and branches of the infested trees. Often stems four inches in diameter are attacked.
This species, unlike the preceding, does not girdle branches, but mines the heart wood to such an extent that the part above the injury is often broken off by the wind. Several adults will often emerge from one infested area.
X\yVLOTRECHUS COLONUS Fab.—Adults were reared May 22, from dead hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) log collected at Monte- bello, Pennsylvania.
CLYTOLEPTUS TRISTIS Csy.—This is merely a black nen of C. albofasciatus Lap., and all color gradations of intermediate forms may be found. Many of these forms have been reared from the same infested grape stem in our cages, and we have observed them mating. It therefore seems quite logical to con- sider C, tristis Csy. a synonym of C. albofasciatus Lap.
CLYTUS MARGINICOLLIS Cast.—An adult of this species was collected at Piseguit Brook, eighteen miles south of Bathurst, New Brunswick, on June 24.
CyrTOPHORUS VERRUCOSUS Oliv.—Adults were reared from dead blue beech (Carpinus caroliniana) and redbud (Cercis canadensis) collected in the vicinity of Harrisburg, Pennsyl- vania.
PURPURICENUS AXILLARIS Hald.—This species was found doing considerable damage to the lower branches of swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor) near Hummelstown, Pennsylvania, branches over two inches in diameter often being pruned. Ri
One egg seems to be laid to a branch, and as the larva works. down toward the trunk of the tree it mines through the heart-. wood of the branch and branchlets as it goes, often pruning the
140 ‘ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, 725
latter. The large galleries, which are often over two feet in length, are tightly packed with frass. The larva usually falls in the pruned branch; however, it may remain in the stub. Larvae have been observed to work into the main trunks of infested trees from the branches.
BaTYLE SUTURALIS Say—Reared from various species of hickory collected at Hummelstown, Pennsylvania.
PSENOCERUS SUPERNOTATUS Say—Adults were reared from the dead branches of Ulmus, tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipi- fera), willow and Virginia creeper (Ampelopsis quinquefolia) collected in the vicinity of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
PSAPHAROCHRUS QUADRIGIBBUS Say—In the vicinity of Har- risburg, Pennsylvania, this species was found breeding in the wood of dead redbud (Cercis canadensis).
AEGOMORPHUS DECIPIENS Hald.—Adults were reared from the dead wood of linden (Tilia americana), tulip poplar (Lirio- dendron tulipifera), black ash (Fraxinus nigra), sweet cherry and blue beech (Carpinus carolimana) at Harrisburg, Penn- sylvania.
LEPTOSTYLUS ACULIFER Say—This species was reared from partly decayed redbud (Cercis canadensis) at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and from the trunk of a dead gumbo limbo (Bursera simaruba) at Paradise Key, Florida.
AstTyLipius PARVUS Lec.—In the vicinity of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, this species was reared from the dead branches of poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron), box elder (Acer negundo) and elm.
LEIOPUS VARIEGATUS Hald.—The species has been reared from the dead branches of Virginia creeper (Ampelopsis quinquefolia) and honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) at Har- risburg, Pennsylvania.
LrEPTURGES SYMMETRICUS Hald.—Adults were reared from the dead branches of linden (Tilia americana) and box elder (Acer negundo). :
LEPTURGES REGULARIS Lec.—This species was found breed- ing in the dead branches of buckeye (Aesculus glabra) at Columbus, Ohio.
LEPTURGES SIGNATUS Lec.—In the vicinity of Harrisburg,
xxxvi, 725 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 141
Pennsylvania, this species has been reared from the dead branches of red mulberry (Morus rubra), beech (Fagus ameri- cana), poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron), box elder (Acer negundo) and hickory.
LEPTURGES QUERCI Fitch—Adults were reared from the dead branches of the following trees collected at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: American elm (Ulmus americana), black wal- nut (Juglans nigra), butternut (Juwglans cinerea), ironwood (Ostrya virginiana), poison ivy (Ithus toxicodendron) and linden (Tilia americana).
LEPTURGES FACETUS Say—Adults were reared from the dead branches of Crategus crus-galli collected at Harrisburg, Penn- sylvania.
EUPOGONIUS VESTITUS Say—Adults were reared June 16 from dead honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) branches col- lected at Rockville, Pennsylvania, and from dead branches of poison ivy (Rhus toxtcodendron), American elm (Ulmus americana), linden (Tilia americana), white oak and black oak.
EUPOGONIUS PUBESCENS Lec.—This species breeds in the small dead branches of linden (Tilia americana) in the vicinity of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
EUPOGONIUS SUBARMATUS Lec.—At Harrisburg, Pennsylva- nia, adults were reared from the dead branches of linden (Tilia americana).
SAPERDA LATERALIS Fab.—Adults were reared from the dead branches of poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron) collected at Hum- melstown, Pennsylvania.
Genus OprereEA Muls.—Several of the species of this genus were found to have a two-year life cycle. The following is a list of host plants in which Oberea larvae were found working in the vicinity of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), Prunus pennsylvanica, Prunus avi- num, Prunus americana, sweet cherry, Cornus amomum, Cornus alternifolia, Cornus florida, apple, peach, Viburnum dentatum, Viburnum acerfolium, Crataegus, Alnus, Ulmus fulva, Amelanchier canadensis, Aster macrophyllus, Collinsonia canadensis, Anemone virginiana, Solidago graminifolia, Soli- dago serotina, Solidago juncea, Solidago caesia and Scutellaria.
142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, ’25
OseEREA Myops Hald.—This species, which is often placed erroneously as. a variety of O. tripunctata Sived., does consider- abel damage to living Rhododendron in the nurseries around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It breeds in Kalmia also.
OBEREA RUFICOLLIS Fab.—This species was found breeding in the stems of living spice bush (Benzoin aestivale). Adults were reared June 12 from material collected at Rockville, Penn- sylvania.
Two New Spiders from the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina (Araneina). By C. R. Crospy and S. C. BisHop,
In 1923 the writers collected during October in the Blue
Ridge Mountains. Two of the most interesting spiders taken on the trip ate described below. “The genus Leptoneta is represented in Europe by fourteen species, which are treated in an excellent monograph by L. Fapé (Arch. Zool. Exp. ser. 5, vol. 10: 479-576, 1913). Most of the species inhabit caves, but some are found above ground in the moss of deep forests in the mountains. Heretofore the genus has been known in America from one species described by Banks as L. californica from a single female from Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa County, California.
The spiders of the genus Leptoneta are remarkable for the peculiar arrangement of the hairs on the tibia of the male palptis. On the side of this segment there is borne a long stiff hair, which toward the end is flattened, grooved and somewhat twisted. This grooved tip serves to hold the end of a long and vety slender hair which arises nearer the base of the seg- ment (Fig. 1). The function of this structure is probably auditory, and is doubtless an adaptation resulting from the subterranean habits of most members of the genus. It reminds one’of the radio device known as the crystal detector.
The following species was collected by sifting decaying leaves undér Rhododendrons in deep woods.
Leptoneta silvicultrix n. sp.
d. .Length, 1.5 mm. Cephalothorax yellowish white lightly tinged with brownish near the margin, broadly oval, narrower
BEX Vi, 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143
in front, slightly constricted opposite the eyes, broadly rounded in front, truncate and slightly emarginate behind; seen from the side the highest point just back of the middle, steeply declived posteriorly, nearly level back of the eyes, clypeus slightly convex, steeply sloping forward. Anterior eyes in a recurved line, the median a little larger than the lateral, sub- contiguous, separated from the lateral by one-third the diameter. The posterior pair of eyes smaller than the others, oval, sub- contiguous, separated from the anterior lateral by the diameter of the latter.
Sternum light yellow suffused with brownish, darker on the margin, broadly triangular. Labium broader than long, trape- zoidal, rounded in front. [Endites nearly three times as long as labium, broadened towards the tip; serrula- distinct, com- posed of 17 to 20 teeth. Chelicerae armed in! front with a few slender black spines near the furrow and towards tip; claw long and slender, upper margin of the furrow armed with seven teeth, the five nearer the tip of claw evenly spaced and two towards the base widely separated; the lower margin with three small teeth near the tip. Outer surface of chelicera finely striate, forming a stridulating organ with a small spine on the inner side of the trochanter of the palpus.
Legs pale yellowish, slender. The paired claws armed with four slender teeth toward the base; the third claw short, strongly curved and unarmed. Onychium distinct. Abdomen regularly oval, light reddish brown ‘over a pale yellowish ground color, on the underside darker, especially in front of the epigastric furrow and around the spinnerets, except behind.
Femur of palpus long, slender, armed distally on the outside with two rows of 4 black spines and one spine proximad of the group. Patella short, broad, armed on the outside near the base with a transverse row of four black spines. ‘Tibia a little longer than patella, slightly enlarged distally and armed on the outside on the distal half with a series of 5 or 6 long. black spines. Tarsus long, strongly constricted above. near the: mid- dle; beyond the constriction there is a large external branch squarely truncate at tip. The distal margin of the branch armed with six spines, the one on the inner angle the largest and slightly plumose towards the tip. The spine on the outer angle next in size and also slightly plumose. One small spine arises just back of and between the two inner ones on, the apical margin: On the outer angle of the branch there is an erect, short, black, blunt, slightly curved spine. Under high magnification the tip appears annulate with fine serrations on the inner side. Proximad of this spine there is a long spine
144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, ’25
enlarged and flattened distally with an acute point. Just back of this there is one ordinary spine. Proximad of the constric- tion there arises on the external side a very long spine which curves down around the bulb; the tip is flattened, broadened and grooved for holding the end of a very fine-tipped spine which arises nearer the base of the tarsus. The tip of the internal
Fic. 1.—Palpus of Leptoneta Fic. 2.—Palpus of Microhexura silvicultrix n. sp. montivagus Nn. sp.
branch of the tarsus armed with numerous large spines, two of which are plumose. (Fig. 1.)
?. Length, 2.3mm. Similar to the male in coloration; ster- num and underside of abdomen a little darker. Abdomen swollen over epigynum. Colulus slightly longer than broad, tapering to a blunt point, armed with two long spines near the middle.
Holotype, male: Allotype, female. Oteen, North Carolina, 15 Oct., 1923. Paratypes: 1d and 2? same locality.
12 Minehole Gap, Buncombe County, 17 Oct., 1923. 2d and 12 Blowing Rock, 10 Oct., 1923. 1¢ Montreat, 16 Oct., 1923. All the localities in North Carolina.
We spent the great part of one day sifting moss and decay- ing leaves in the evergreen forest near the summit of Mt. Mitchell at an elevation of 6,600 feet. Most of the spiders col- lected in this way are too small for determination in the field. On returning home we were surprised to find that, mixed with
xxxvi, 725 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 145
the little Linyphias and Erigones, were several specimens of the minute tarantula described below. The spider fauna of Mt. Mitchell seem to combine at least two distinct elements. This tarantula, evidently an intrusion from, or a survival of a sub- tropical fauna was found associated with such distinctively northern species as Oedothorax montanus Emerton and Liny- phia nearctica Banks.
Microhexura n. g.
Median furrow of cephalothorax longitudinal. Chelicerae not provided with a rake, the furrow indistinct. Closely re- lated to Hexura but possesses only two pairs of spinnerets; the chelicerae are not enlarged ; the tibia of the first leg of the male armed with a long spur.
Type M. montivagus described below.
Microhexura montivagus n. sp.
3. Length, 2.7 mm. Cephalothorax oval, a little longer than broad ; longitudinal median furrow short, distinct. The radiat- ing furrows weakly developed but indicated by pigmentation. Ground color of cephalothorax yellowish suffused with dusky, darker on the margins and on wedge-shaped areas between the radiating furrows. V-shaped dark lines from the dorsal furrow to the posterior lateral eyes, between them a narrower median line that does not reach the furrow. Ocular area black.
Anterior eyes seen from in front in a procurved line, the median one-half the diameter of the lateral, separated from each other by a little more than the diameter and from the lateral by half the diameter. Posterior eyes in slightly recurved line, the median a little smaller than the lateral, separated from each other by twice the diameter, subcontiguous to the lateral. An- terior lateral eyes a little larger than posterior lateral. Posterior median eyes, rounded behind, bluntly pointed in front, a little larger than anterior median. The anterior lateral eyes are the largest and the anterior median are the smallest. Median ocular area broader than long and wider behind than in front. Clypeus half as wide as ocular area, seen from the side straight slanting forward. Sternum vellowish suffused with dusky, broadly oval, bluntly pointed between hind coxae. Three pairs of sigilla, in- distinct, oval, at margin of sternum opposite base of first three coxae. Labium broader than long, rounded in front. Coxae of palpus with inner distal angle slightly produced. Chelicerae not swollen, normal, compressed; the furrow shallow, armed on the inner side with four small sharp teeth, on the outer side with a row of numerous small black denticles.
146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May;) 25
Legs pale yellowish, slightly dusky above, rather robust, with- out scopulae, sparsely clothed with long slender hairs. .Tibia of first leg armed ventrally at the middle with a strong spur. which extends beyond the tip; metatarsus excavated slightly at base beneath. Palpus same color as the legs; femtr cylindrical, twice as long as broad; patella short, thick, wider distally; tibia’ fusiform, a little longer than patella; tarsus curved,:excavated: below. Palpal organ consists of a simple pyriform bulb which terminates in a slender curved embolus; no conductor present. (Fig. 2.) The basal division of the bulb represented on the lateral aspect by a small brown graduate sclerite deeply emar- ginate posteriorly (not shown in figure, which is of mesal view )..; Abdomen light reddish brown, ovate, widest back of the mid-: dle ; underside same color as above, lighter in, front. Only two pairs of spinnerets present. The anterior ones short, cylin- drical, and separated by a little more than the length. . Posterior pair long, half as long as abdomen, slender, tapering towards, tip, composed of three segments ; apical and basal segment of’ nearly equal length, middle segment a little shorter than the others. Apical segment with slight indications of annulations.
?. Two immature females were captured with the male. They are 2.5 and 2 mm. in. length. They resemble the’ male in color and form. The chelicerae are not enlarged.
Holotype male. 1d, 2 immature °. Mt. Mitchell, North. Carolina, 6600 ft., 22 Oct., 1923. Collected by stiting moss. The drawings are by Mr. Albert W. Force. 179
What Becomes of Great Collections?
Editor Entomological News.—It seems to me that it is- eee as important to know the whereabouts of the great collections which have changed hands as it is that they were formed. For this reason the writer is one of many persons who» would’ be: interested in learning through the News what becomes: of: them. It would be a great pity if collections such as those of Kerremans and Charles Oberthtir are not kept intact and placed in secure and permanent institutions. Men of: wealth’ should take heed of such opportunities.
Epwarp A. KtaceEs, Crafton, Penna.
[Mr. J. D. Sherman, Jr., in his latest catalogue of books for sale, states that the Sphingidae of the Oberthtir collection, have been bought by Mr. B. P. Clark, of Boston, and the types of North American species of Lepidoptera of other groups in the Oberthtir collection have been obtained for that: of ~ hese Barnes.—Ep1Tor. |
_ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
re Pa... May, 1995,
GIVE US ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS! From a valued letter received in response to the editorial in the: News for March we quote the following:
Why not specialize on the news aspect of' your title'and make yours the one really indispensable entomological journal in the country? Take your cue from your present section on “Ento- mological Literature.” Expand your portion on reviews and notices'of new books and articles. Expand your’ portion on obituary and biography; and invite contributions on history of entomology, biography, etc. Develop news, personal notes, notices.of persons willing to determine specimens in the dif- ferent groups and of persons desirous of borrowing material for study, notices of entomological expeditions, museum’ col- lections, etc. Expand the editorial page as a portion on “Entomological Opinion.” « Solicit general articles on phylogeny and classification of insects,. general principles of taxonomy, etc. Leave the publication of life-histories, faunal lists, new species, synonymy, etc., to other journals; such articles are read only by the specialists in the various groups.
I have written the above paragraph of suggestions just as’ it has-come-to mind. I realize that the time required: to: pre-: pare for publication such a journal as I propose would probably’ be greater than you and your assistants could give. But it would result ina journal that every entomologist would have to. have. As it is, your literature notices, “news,” etc/, make yours the journal that I consider most valuable of the: American: journals. Being a coleopterist, however, I don’t find much in! the rest of the journal (just two articles. on beetles GHpishes since October ). bey
The above suggestions are so entirely in line with an ‘edit’ torial in the News for May,.1921 (page. 152),, that we :believe it not inappropriate to quote from it at this time: |
‘We have at various times emphasized one of the ideas ‘ine cluded in the original announcement of the News, that ‘tie of its chief functions was to give entomological news: »'We' do not indeed think it desirable’ to repeat items published’ in such’ of our contemporaries as are easily accessible to ‘our’ own readers. We are also mindful of the fact that in these: days: of “contracted volumes” it would not- be possible’ to” publish’.
147
148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, ’25
everything. Nevertheless, within these limitations, it is feas- ible to notice many topics of interest in our field. Entomologi- cal publications are appearing in many different places, ento- mological events of all kinds are occurring with which one or other of our readers is much more conversant than are the editors of the NEws. We try to give you what we can at the sacrifice of time for our own studies and researches. It would make this journal more useful and attractive to all if each one of you would send to the News a concise account of such important entomological happenings and researches in your own special field as come to your notice. Such items are given preference over formal papers and notes of more tech- nical nature.
Reader—Will YOU not send us at least one note or article a year filling some one of the desiderata suggested above for the News?
Notes and News. ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE
Prof. and Mrs. Cockerell to Visit Argentina.
From Science, March 27th, we note that Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, with Mrs. Cockerell, will visit Argentina during the coming summer to examine localities for fossil insects which have been discovered near the eastern base of the Andes.
The New York State List of Insects.
It is known that the New York State List of Insects is now definitely to be completed, and Dr. M. D. Leonard of the Department of Entomology at Cornell University, Ithaca, will be glad, to get definite records in all groups and will see that full credit is given to every cooperator. These records should be in his hands by June 1, 1925.
III. International Congress of Entomology,
Zurich, Switzerland, from July 19th to 26th, 1925. Presi- dent: Dr. A. von Schulthess-Schindler, Wasserwerkstrasse 53, Zurich 6.
Membership 25 Swiss francs, associates accompanying mem- bers 12.50, Life-membership 250.00.
Entomological Societies, Institutions and Departments of Entomology, Forestry, Agriculture, Horticulture and Hygiene are inyited to send Delegates.
mos: °25 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149
Notifications of papers and exhibits should reach the Gen- eral Secretary before July 12th. Applications for accommoda- tion in Hotels, etc., should be sent as early as possible. All communications to be addressed to the Secretary, Dr. Kutter, Zolliker Str. 76, Ztirich 8, Switzerland, or to the President.
THe EXEcuTIVE COMMITTEE. (Dr. Leuzinger, mentioned in former communications as Sec-
retary, will unavoidably be absent from Ztrich during the summer. )
The American Society of Parasitologists.
A new society, the American Society of Parasitologists, was formed at a meeting of a number of those interested in Para- sitology held in Washington on Tuesday, December 30, 1924. As stated in its constitution, the object of the new society is the association of workers in the field of Parasitology for the presentation and discussion of new or important facts and problems in that science and for the adoption \of such measures as shall tend to the advancement of Parasitological teaching and investigation in this country. The members of the society are of two classes, active and foreign honorary. Any person interested in Parasitology is eligible for active membership. The dues of the society were set at one dollar a year,
The Secretary-Treasurer is ready to receive applications for membership accompanied by. dues for the first year. Also, the council will be glad to receive suggestions from anyone inter- ested in regard to the policies or activities of the new society.
W. W. Cort, Secretary-Treasurer, 310 W. Monument Street, Baltimore, Md.
Entomologists Are Honest.
When I began collecting dragonflies more than 30 years ago, I found I needed a lighter net than was then available, one that could be swung more quickly. I began making my own nets after various designs, and finally devised the detachable flat-wire rim that has long been known as the distinctive fea- ture of the Simplex Net. This net weighed but a few ounces, and was more durable than any of the heavy nets with jointed rims. I found it could be made and sold for less than half the cost of the others; so I arranged a little business under the name of the Simplex Net Co., to supply this net to entomolo- gists. It has been a little one-room business, managed mostly
Looking over the records of the Simplex Net Co., now that by a succession of students at their odd hours.
150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, ’25 a change in the business is imminent, I find in them a remark- able tribute to the honesty of entomologists. I find that 1,610 orders for nets have been filled, most ae them going to ento- mologists, and most of the orders being sent in on a post-card blank, and being mere promises to pay if the nets proved satis- factory. ‘Not a single entomologist has failed to pay! Two orders only, of the entire lot, remain unpaid; but these two did not go to entomologists.
Recently, the A. I. Root Co. of “Medina, Ohio, has decided to go into the manufacture of supplies for entomologists (in- sect boxes, nets, etc.), and to do it on a scale large enough to enable them to sell cheaply. This company will ' hereafter be the source of supply for the Simplex nets.
JAMes G. NEEDHAM, Ithaca, New York.
An Enquiry.
Mr. N..D. Riley,'5, Brook Gardens, Barnes, Tieton! S. W: 13, requests through The Entomologist information relative to Pyrameis atalanta. feeding upon thistle. He knows: of no record of such an-instance. Z
Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of:Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, howeyer, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph at the end of their respective orders. Those containing descriptions of new genera and species occurring north of Mexico are preceded by an *.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on, Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
The titles occurring.in the’ Entomological News are not listed.
4—Canadian Entomologist. 6—Journal, New York Ent. Soc. 9—The ‘Entomologist. 10—Proc., Entomological So- ciety of Washington. 12—Journal of Economic Ent. 13— Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal. ‘14— Entomologische Zeit., Frankfurt a. M. 17—Entomologische Rundschau, Stuttgart. 19—Bull., Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 25— Bull., Soc. Ent. France. 26—Entomolog. Anzeiger, Wien. 28—Ent. Tidskrift, Upsala.’ 33—Bull, et Annal. Soc. Ent. 3elgique. 33—Bull., Soc. Ent. Belgique. 36—Trans., Ent.
xxxvij! 725 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151
Soc., London. 39-—The Florida Entomologist. 45—Zeit. f. Wissenschftl. Insekentb., Berlin. 47—Neue Beitr. z. Syst. Insektenkunde. 49—Entomolog. Mitteil., Berlin. 50— Proc.,:U..S. Nat. Mus. 55—The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 64—Zeit., Oesterr.. Ent. Ver., Wien. 68—Science. 89— Zool. Jahrbucher, Jena. 101—Biolog. Bulletin, Woods. Hole, Mass. 103.—Proc., Zool. Soc. London. 105—Proc., Biol. Soc. Washington. 113—Jour. Agric. Research, Wash- ington.’ 151—Occas. Pap., Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 153— Bull., Mus. Nat. Hist. Naturelle, Paris. 154—Zoolog. An-
zeiger.
‘(GENERAL.—Bang-Haas, A.—Obituary note of . 14, xxxviii, 99, 17, xlii, 9. 26, v, 37. Beebe, W.—Studies of a tropical jungle * * * at Kartabo, Br. Guiana, (Zoologica, New. York, -vi, 1-193.) Beyer, G.—Obituary, 6, xxxii, 165-6. Boving, A. G—A summer trip in Iceland south of Vatna- Jokul:: :10,.:xxwvii,-17-35. Cockerell, T. D. A.—The ertito- mology of the Gulf of California. 55, i, 139-41. *Cockerell, T. D. A.—Plant:and insect fossils from Green River Eocene _ of Colorado. 50, Ixvi, Art. 19. Cockerell, W.—The singing insects ef Japan.’ (Nature Mag., 1925, 220-2.) Crossman, S. S—Foreign travel and entomologists met while search- ing for enemies of the gipsy moth. 12, xviii, 164-72. Doane, R. W.—Scientific names of economic insects. 12, xviii, 158-62.. Dobroscky, I. D.—External parasites of birds and the fauna of bird’s nests. 101, xlviii, 274-81. Eder, R.— Haufig oder selten? 64, ix, 107-9. Escherich, K.—Zeit. f. angewandte entomologie, xi, Heft 1. Felt, E. P—The dis- semination of insects by air currents. 12, xviii, 152-8. Frost, S..W.—Frogs as insect collectors. 6, xxxii, 174-85. Gonner, P.—Blumen und insekten. 14, xxxvili, 99-101 (cont.) Grutzner, H.—Zu dem artikel des H. Leiberg uber den ametsenlowen. 26, v, 27-30. Gurney, R.—Modern zoo- logical nomenclature. (Tr. Norfolk & Norwich Nat. ‘Soc x, 335-52, 1915.) Handel, K. P.—Vogel als beste und natur- gemasse bekampfer der schadlinge aus dem insektenreiche. 14, xxxvili, 101-2. Handlirsch, A.—Fossilium catalogus. I: Animalia. Pars 16: Insecta palaeozoica. 230 pp. Janeck, G.—Erlebtes und erprobtes. 14, xxxviii, 101. Schade, F.— Eine sammelexcursion nach den bergen von central Para- guay. 17, xlii, 6-7. Scott, H.—Notes on the habits of in- sects and spiders in Brazil. 36, 1924, 475-504. Sherman, J. D.—Some entomological and other bibliographies, 6, xxxil, 206-15. Simon, E.—Notas necrologicas. (Bol. R. Soc. Es-
152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, 725
panola Hist. Nat., xxv, 67-70). Thienemann, A.—Drei en- tomologische kleinigkeiten. 45, xix, 191-2. Weese, A. O.— Animal ecology of an Illinois elm-maple forest. (Ill, Biol. Mon., ix, No. 4.) Weiss, H. B.—Ultraviolet and flower-
visiting habits of insects. 6, xxxii, 195.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC.—Dia- konov, D. M.—Experimental and biometrical investigations on dimorphic variability of Forficula. (Jour. Genetics, xv, 201-32.) Eidmann, H.—Vergleichend-anatomische studien uber die pharynxmuskulatur der insekten. 154, Ixii, 49-64. Eidmann, H.—Die physiologie des kaumagens der insek- ten. (Sitz, Ges. f. Morph. u. Phys., Munchen, xxxv, 20-21.) Eidmann, H.—Untersuchungen uber wachstum und hau- tung der insekten. (Verh. Deut. Zool. Ges., xxix, 124-9.) Fink, D. V.—Metabolism during embryonic and metamor- phic development of insects. (Jour. Gen. Phys., vii, 527-43.) Gatenby, J. B—Spermatogenesis of Peripatus. (Nature, London, cxv, 381-2.) Gerhardt, U.—Uber das sinnesieben und die plastizitat der instinkte bei spinnen. (Verh. Deut. Zool. Ges., xxix, 64-9.) Jezhikov, I—Ueber die morpholo- gische bedeutung der larve der holometoba 49, xiii, 328-42. Kahn, R. H.—Kopftransplantation an Carausius morosus. 154, Ixii, 75-9. Pellew, C.—A note on the inheritance of ege-colour in the silkworm. (Jour. Genetics, xv, 233-5.) Philpott, A.—On an abdominal scent-organ(?) in Sabatinca and other primitive genera of lepidoptera. 36, 1924, 457-61. Pigorini, L.—Sur la presence ‘dune catalase dans les oeufs de Bombyx mori. (Arch. Ital. Biol., Pise, Ixxxiii, 121-25.) Pruthi, H. §—On the post-embryonic development and homologies of the male genital organs of Tenebrio molitor. On the development of the ovipositor and the efferent geni- tal ducts of T. molitor, with remarks on the comparison of the latter organs in the two sexes. 103, 1924, 857-69; 869- 84. Richards & Furrow.—The eye and optic tract in normal and “eyeless” Drosophila. 101, xlviii, 243-59. Surcouf & Fischer.—Notes sur la vie larvaire et nymphale du Tabanus bromius. 25, 1925, 232-37. Weiss, H. B.—The acidities within the alimentary tracts of insects. 6, xxxii, 220. Withy- combe, C. L.—Some aspects of the biology and morphology of the Neuroptera. With special reference to the immature stages and their possible phylogenetic significance. 36,
1924, 303-411.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.—Miller, A. E.— The native host of the chigger. 68, Ixi, 345-6.
xxxvi, 725 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153
Chamberlin, R. V.—Notes on chilopods and diplopods from Barro Colorado Id., and other parts of the Canal Zone, with diag. of n. sps. 105, xxxvili, 35-44. Crosby, C. R.— A note on two gen, of spiders, Mysmena and Microdipoena. 4, lvii, 50. *Ewing, H. E.—New and parasitic mites of the gen. Laelaps. 10, xxvii, 1-7. Ewing, H. E.—The adult of our common N. Am. chigger, 105, xxxviii, 17-20. Mello- Leitao, Dr—Algumas aranhas novas do Brasil. (Bol. Mus. Nac. R. d. Janeiro, i, 275-81.)
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA.—*Hood, J. D.—Four new Phloethripidae from New York (Thysanop- tera). 19, xx, 26-32. Lestage, J. A.—Notes trichopterolo- giques 7. 33, Ixv, 33-44. *McDunnough, J.—New Epheme- rella species. 4, lvii, 41-3. Navas, R. P. L.—Odonatos nue- vos o interesantes. (Mem. R. Ac. Cien. y Artes, Barcelona, xviii, No. 13.) Snyder, T. E.—Description of winged adult of Kalotermes approximatus. (lIsoptera). 10, xxvii, 14. Snyder, T. E.—New termites and hitherto unknown castes from the Canal Zone, Panama. 113, xxix, 179-93.. *Watson, J. R.—Additions to the Thysanoptera of Florida. XII. 39, viil, 50-2.
ORTHOPTERA.—Carpentier, F.—Sur le double stig- mate de quelques orthopteres. 34, vi, 123-40. Stewart, A. M.—Blabera cubensis and its ootheca, 9, 1925, 57-8.
Davis, W. T.—Melanoplus differentialis a new grasshop- pereto tie state of Nic Y. 16,’ xxxii, 215. Uvarov; B. P.— Notes on the O. in the Br. Mus. 4. Identification of types of Acrididae preserved in the museum. 36, 1924, 265-301.
HEMIPTERA.—Hussey, R. F.—Hydrometra australis in New York state. 19, xx, 16. Torre Bueno, J. R.—A new food-plant of Ischnorhynchus geminatus. 19, xx, 60. -
Barber, H. G—Hemiptera-Heteroptera from the Wil- liams Galapagos expedition. (Zoologica, v, 241-54.) Buys, J. L.—The Cicadellidae of the vicinity of Ithaca, with spe- cial reference to the structure of the gonapophyses. (Mem. 80, Cornell Univ. Agr, Exp. Sta., 115 pp.) *Cockerell, T. D. A.—(See under General.) Ferris, G. F—Observations on the Chermidae. (Homoptera.) 4, lvii, 46-50. Haviland, M. D.—The Membracidae of Kartabo, Br. Guiana, with descr. of n. sps. and bionomical notes. Zoologica, New York, vi, 229-90.) *Hoke, G.—A diaspine with legs (Coccidae). 10, xxvii, 36-40. *Hungerford, H. B—Notes on some N. Am. Corixids from the southwest. 19, xx, 17-25. *Knight, H. H.
154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, ’25
—Descr. of 30 new sps. and two n. gen. of No. Am. Miridae. 19, xx, 33-58. *McAtee, W. L.—Notes on Eupterygid leaf- hoppers with descr. of a few forms. 39, viii, 33-9. Muir, F. —On the gen. of Cixiidae, Meenoplidae and Kinnaridae (Fulgoridae). 55, i, 97-110. Schmidt, E.—Neue :zikaden- gattungen und arten. .Cicadidae, Cercopidae, Membracidae, Fulgoridae. 49, xili, 285-97.
LEPIDOPTERA.—Atkinson, F. B.—Antics of the puss moth. (Nature Mag., 1925, 240.) Engelhardt, G. P.— Notes: on early spring collecting of Noctuidae. 19, xx, 59- 60. Forbes, W. T. M.—Two minor pests from Europe (Plu- tellidae). 6, xxxii, 173. Hoffmann, C. C.—Manual para el estudio y la:recoleccion:de L. en Mexico. (Mem. Soc. Cien. ‘“Antonoi .Alzate”, xli, 441-526.) Mousley, H.—Further notes on the orchids, ferns and butterflies of Hatley, Stan- stead Co., Quebec, 1924. (Can, Field-Nat., xxxix, 37-9.) Weigel, Broadbent, Busck, & Heinrich.—The greenhouse leaf-tier, Phlyctaenia rubigalis. 113, xxix, 137-58. Weiss, H..B.—The olfactory sense of the cabbage butterfly. 6, Xxx, 166.
Barnes & Benjamin.—On the types of Pyrausta cafferii. Change of a preoccupied name (Aegeriidae). 10, xxvii, 7; 14.. *Barnes & Benjamin.—Two new Californian Lima- codid moths. Notes on some sps. of L. in relation to the sitatch Coll, 55, 1,.1120;. 127-38.) “Cockereli Ria hac new form of Smerinthus (Sphingidae). 9, Ivili, 37-8. Draudt, M.—Macrolepidoptera of the world. Faun. Amer., Pt, 160, Noctuidae, Gen. Polia to Epia. Kruger, E.—Bei- trage zur kenntniss der Colunbischen Satyriden. 17, xi, 10- 12 (cont.). Kaye, W. J— New sps. and subsps. of Trinidad Rhopalocera and Heterocera. 36, 1924, 413-28. Niepelt, W. —Eine neue Nymphalide von Columbien. 17, xlii, 7. Riley & Gabriel.—Catalogue of the type specimens of L. Rhopa- locera in the Bri. Mus.), Satyridae. (Br. Mus. Pub., 62 pp.) Stechel, H.—Zur systematik der Brassolidae. 47, iii, 58-60 (cont.) :
“DIPTERA.—Anon.—The future of the study of flies. (Scott. Nat., 1925, 19-20.) Ballou, L. M.—Some dipterous galls of southern California. 13, xvii, 1-8. Bell, E. L.— Notes on Asilus sericeus. 6, xxxii, 219. MacGill, E. I.— A proboscis of Calliphora with two pairs of palps. 9, 1925, 49-50. Shannon, R. C.—Brief history of egg-laying habits of. Dermatobia, (Jour. Wash. Ac. Sc., xv, 137-8.)
xxxvi, °25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155
Borgmeier, T.—Um novo genero de Phorideos,do ‘Parana. ag Mus. Nac. R. d. Janeiro, i, 283-8.) *Cockerell, T. D.
A.—(Sce under General.) *Curran, C. H.—New sps,, of Xylota (Syrphidae). Notes on some sps. of the gen. Eris- talis. 4, lvii, 44-5; 50. Czerny, L.—Monographie der Helo- myziden. (Abh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, xv, 1-166.) Ed- wards, F. W.—Notes on the types of Mycetophilidae de- scribed by Staeger and Zetterstedt. 28, xlv, 160-8. Ed- wards, F. W.—British fungus-gnats, with a revised generic classification of the family. 36, 1924, 505-670. *Enderlein, G.—Zur klassifikation der Phoriden und uber vernichtende kritik. 49, xii, 270-81. *Felt, E. P—Key to gall midges (A resumé of studies I-VII, Itonididae). (New York “Sta, Mus. Bull., No. 257.) Greene, C. T—The puparia and lar- vae of sarcophagid flies. 50, Ixvi, Art. 29. Johnson, C. W.— Fauna of New England. 15, List of the D. or. two-winged flies. 151, vii, 326 pp. *Spuler, A~—No. Am. sps. of Bor- borus, and Scatophora. 19, xx, 1-16.
COLEOPTERA.—Cockerell & Harris.—The wings of the meloid beetles. 105, xxxviii, 25-32. Davis, A. C.— Pleocoma behrensi. 55, i, 110. Knaus, W.—1923 collecting notes. 6, xxxii, 170-3. Larson & Fisher.—Longevity and fecundity of Bruchus 4-maculatus as influenced by different foods. 113, xxix, 297-305. Muir, F.—The male-genitalia of Cupes concolor. 6, xxxii, 167-9. Schilder, F. A.—Der zwei- punkt (Adalia bipunctata). (Die Umschau, xxix, 128-9.) Schjelderup-Ebbe, T.—Aufmerksamkeit bei kaefer. 14, xxxili, 93-4.
*Chamberlin, W. J.—Notes on the Buprestidae of Oregon, with descr..of n. sps. 6, xxxii, 186-95... *Cockerell, T-"D.'A. —(See under General.) Desbordes, H.—Description un Saprinus nouveau de Amerique du Sud. (Histeridae). 153, 1924, 372-3. Fisher, W. S.——Two new Mexican Ceramby- cidae. 10, xxvii, 15-6. Fisher, W. S.—Buprestid beetles coll. by the Mulford Biol. Expl. in Bolivia. 50, Ixvi, Art. ,31. Hatch, M. H.—A list of C. from Charlevoix Co., Michigan. (Pap. Mich. Ac. Sc., iv, 543-86.) Reichensperger, A.—Zur kenntniss myrmekophiler Histeriden. 49, xiii, 302-8. *Swaine, J. M.—A n. sp. of Polygraphus. 4, lvii, 51. *VWan Dyke, E. C.—Studies of western No. Am. Carabidinae, with descr. ofn. sps. 55, i, 111-25. Weiss & West.—Notes on the rush weevil, Limnobaris rectirostris in N. J. 6, xxxii, 196-205.
156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, ’25
HYMENOPTERA.—Bertin, L.—Faits nouveaux ou peu connus concernant les fourmis. (La Nature, 1925, 43-8.) Friese, H.—Ueber die nestzellen der blattschneiderbienen Megachile azteca. 45, xix, 193-4. Handel, K. P.—Sind die vogel feinde der bienen? 14, xxxviii, 97. Smith, J. N. D.— Bumble-bees’ unusual nesting sites. (Scott. Nat., 1925, 26.) Stadler, H.—Einiges uber wespenbauten. (Verh. Deut. Zool. Ges., xxix, 78-81.)
Ducke, A.—Die stachellosen bienen (Melipona) Brasi- liens. 89, xlix, Syst., 335-448. *Sandhouse, G. A.—Can- adian bees of the genus Osmia. 4, Ivii, 33-41. (Cont.) Viereck, H. L.—The identity of Platycampus victoria (Ten- thredinidae). 4, lvii, 43.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
Diptera of New England.—This publication cited above under Diptera, by C. W. Johnson, will be of great use to students of this order, especially those interested in the dipterous fauna of the eastern United States. It is a faunal list, but there is a good bibliography included, and the systematic arrangement of the genera and species will greatly help in arranging collections.
Entomologisches jahrbuch fur 1924 u 1925. von Dr. O. Krancher, Leipzig. This pocket size volume 208 pp. is a “kalender fur alle insekten-sammler auf die jahre 1924-25.” Altho treating of such subjects for European collectors, it also contains much of interest to all entomologists; espe- cially so is the monthly list of the birthdays of entomolo- gists, mostly of Europe and of general note.
Index Animalium.—Another part of this important work has just appeared. This part 5 includes the index for C to Ceyl, 1801-1850.
Instructions for collectors published by the British Mu- seum. No. 4 refers to insects in general, No. 8 to spiders, centipeds, peripatus, etc.
Japan in 1923.—By T. D. A. Cockerell, Sci. Month., xx, 405-15. In this account of his travels in Japan, Prof. Coc- kerell makes mention of some of the more noticeable insects seen as well as giving interesting notes of his experiences with the natives and their customs.
Note that beginning with June number we will present this literature list in a slightly different form. All morpho- logical and anatomical articles referring to insects of a particular order will be listed under that order. Taxonomic articles on North American insects will be headed by para-
mVvi, 20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157
graph (N) under their respective orders; those on South and Central America, by (S).
Quebec society for the protection of plants, Sixteenth annual report, 1923-1924. This report of 147 pages contains many papers on insects, but are of economic nature and are not otherwise recorded here.
Sarcophaginae in the Oriental region, Revision of. By R. Senior-White. Records of Indian Museum, xxvi, Part 3. This paper altho treating of the oriental species has some general notes and discussions which should be of interest to the students of this dipterous family.
Satyridae.—Catalogue of the type specimens * * * in the British museum. (See Riley & Gabriel under Lepidoptera.)
Theses entomologigues (Jepidopteres). Notes et re- marques sur les Agrias. Fascicle Fascicule I of this work dealing with many forms of the very attractive Agrias group is remarkable for the magnificent hand-colored plates which equal anything hitherto produced in entomological litera- tore, [Ex Edit, Bul. Hill Mus., i, No. 3].
The ReEvistA CHILENA DE Histor1rA NATURAL has com- pleted twenty-seven years of existence, vol. xxvii (1923), 261 pages, dated 1924 at Santiago de Chile, having been recently received. Its director, editor and founder, Prof. Dr. Carlos FE. Porter (who has recently been appointed Chief of the Department of Entomology at the National Museum of Chile) is to be congratulated on the success with which he has main- tained this journal. The Revista is dedicated to the promotion and cultivation of the natural sciences in the country whose name its title contains and this volume consequently, although including some articles of a general nature (such as that by Dr. E. Giacomelli on the mimetic significance of the eye spots, and in general of the lower surface of the wings, in the genus Caligo) is chiefly composed of contributions to the Chilian fauna, flora and biological bibliography. We note among them 21 on various insects and arachnids by Dr. Porter himself, Dr. J. Brethes,|\P. Herbst, F, Ruiz P., R. Martin, L. Navas, F. C [W.] Goding, H. Claude-Joseph and J. C. Chamberlin. One of the most extensive of these is “Los estudios sobre Neuropteros chilenos (Apuntes historico-bibliograficos),’’ by Dr. Porter, giving an alphabetical list of the authors who have written upon Chilian Neuroptera, the titles and places of pub- lication of their articles on this fauna, and notes thereon ac-
158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, 25
companied by portraits of Emile Blanchard, René Martin and R. P. Longinos Navas. Seventeen new species of insects (3 Coleoptera, .7 Neuroptera Chrysopidae, 6 Hymenoptera, 1 Heiniptera)' and 2 new species of Pseudoscorpions from Chile are described in this volume. Pages 225-241 give an account of the foundation of the Sociedad Entomologica de Chile in May, 1922; and summaries of the proceetlings: of the meetings from June 4, 1922;.to: Dec. 9, 1923. P. P,, GALVERT.
Fiyi-New ,ZEALAND ExpepiTIon by C. C. Nuttine, R. B.
Wy.igz, A. O. THomas; Dayton Stoner collaborating. Unt- versity of Iowa Studies in Natural History, Vol: Xy: Nie? 5. Towa City, Sept. 1, 1924. 369 pp., 58 half-tone plates. Obtain- able from the University Editor, Price, $3.00. ‘This volume is the fourth narrative in book form of expeditions sent out in the interest of natural science from the State University of Iowa. The first of these was ‘Explorations in the Far North,’ by Frank Russell, a narrative of a trip . . . in 1892-3 to the Barren Ground of Arctic America. . . . The second was a ‘Narrative and Preliminary Report of the Bahama Expe- dition’ by C. C. Nutting published . . . in January, 1895. .:. . The third . . . was the ‘Barbados-Antigua Expe- dition... =. “by CoC) Nutting published "im 1919. It has seemed that ce of interest has been lost to the general public by the failure of those in charge of scientific explorations sent out by our universities to recognize the claims of the gen- eral public to a more popular account of such work than is’ given in the series of technical reports customarily issued. To meet this need of easily assimilated general knowledge for the public at large these narratives have “been prepared and issued by the University of Iowa. .
The Fiji-New Zealand Expedition consisted of six persons: Profs, Nutting and Stoner and Mrs. Stoner (zoology), Prof. Wylie (Bitar), Prof. Thomas and Mr. Glock (geology). Leaving Towa City, May 14, 1922, and Vancouver on May 19, the expedition proceeded to Honolulu (one day’s stop), Fiji, June’ 5—July 3, New Zealand July 7—August 15, and after brief stops at Rarotonga and Tahiti, returned to San Fran- cisco on September’ 4. "The narrative is divided into nineteen chapters, most of them by Prof. Nutting. Two are written by Prof. Stoner: Ornithological and Entomological Experi- ences in Fiji and New Zealand, respectively, in which the prin- cipal characteristics of the insect fauna of these islands in
xxxvi,. 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 159
relation to other Pacific lands are stated with. notes: on- the’ most common or most striking species met. The generic and specific names of these are given so that, although the popular: character of the book is maintained, a precise: and: s¢ientific’ value also is secured. To entomologists these chapters ~will, therefore, be interesting and helpful and no doubt introductory: to the reports by specialists, on the extensive collections made, which we may expect in the future. The numerous-photographs ‘taken by the expedition add greatly to the interest of the volume. P. PL CALVERT: *
Doings of Societies. The American Entomological Society.
Meeting of Oct. 23, 1924, in the, hall-of the- Academy., of Natural Sciences of: Philadelphia.
Dr. Henry Skinner presided, nine members and contributors present. ;
Mr. Cresson for the Committee on Peoneren reported that the general entomological library had been rearranged, and the section of the journals had. been labelled. Photographs of the Fabre Memorial and of the J. D. Gunder. collection received. 145 Riker mounts presented by R. C. Williams, Jr., were received and sold. Numerous specimens of Plagiodera versicolor Linn., from Pennsylvania, were’ received from El- wood B. Chapman, Mr. Hornig reporting that this insect feeds on poplar and willow.
Mr. Williams was tendered a vote of thanks for the. Riker mounts.
A letter was read from Mr. Ezra T, Cresson requesting that he be relieved of his duties as Treasurer.
Dr. Philip P. Calvert offered the following resolution which was seconded by Mr. Hebard and unanimously carried :
The American Entomological Society hears, with deep. regret, the letter from the Treasurer. Mr. E. T. Cresson, dated October 20, 1924, requesting that he be relieved of. his’ office. This’ Society looks. on Mr. Cresson as its founder. It recalls’ the sixty-five years which he has devoted to its welfare.as a mem- ber of its Publication Committee, as Editor ofits Transactions and as Treasurer, the last for fifty. consecutive, years... His services have been given without salary or pecuniary reward. In acceding to Mr. Cresson’s request, this Society desires. to place upon record its appreciation of his, unselfish and untiring
160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS May, ’25
labors in its behalf, its pride in his long connection with the Society and in his numerous contributions to Entomology, and its best wishes that he may long remain with us as our most honored member.
Mr. Williams moved that the chair appoint a committee of three to revise the By-laws and offer a brief of such proposed revision at the next meeting for consideration by the Society. His motion was seconded and carried.
Mr. Rehn reported on the successful Entomological gather- - ing of the North Eastern Branch of the Association of Eco- nomic Entomologists, on July 30.
CoLEopTERA.—Mr. Cresson reported the prevalence of Plagiodera versicolor Linn. at Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, now becoming injurious to vegetation in this vicinity. Mr. Hornig exhibited specimens of Amphicoma vulpina from Riverton, New Jersey, there being only one previous record.
LepiIpopTERA.—Dr, Skinner showed a black Colias philodice (nigridice) caught by Mr. Napier, also a Papilio glaucus, the left wing with ¢ markings and the right wing °, and a very aberrant black mottled ¢ of this species.
Meeting of December 8, 1924, Dr. Henry Skinner presiding. Nine members and contributors present.
Reports of the Treasurer, the Publication Committee, the Finance Committee, the Committee on Property and of the Committee on Revision of the By-laws were presented. The proposed By-laws were read and discussed, article by article, and some changes in phraseology were unanimously adopted.
Dr. Henry Skinner was elected President, Mr. Philip Laurent was elected Vice-President. On account of the lateness of the hour, on motion by Mr. Hebard, seconded by Mr. Calvert, the Secretary was authorized to cast a ballot for the gentlemen nominated at the October meeting for the remaining offices and as members of Committees. This motion being carried, the following gentlemen were elected all to serve until the adoption of the new By-laws, at the next meeting, involving nomination and elections under those By-laws. Treasurer, R. C. Williams, Jr.; Recording Secretary, R. J. Titherington ; Corresponding Secretary, Philip P. Calvert; Finance Commit- tee, Morgan Hebard, J. A. G. Rehn, F. R. Mason; Publica- tion Committee, J. A. G. Rehn, Morgan Hebard, Philip P. Calvert; Property Committee, E. T. Cresson, Jr., Morgan Hebard, Philip Laurent.
R. C. WitiiaMs, Recording Secretary.
_ Bureau of Entomology New Series Bulletins—68, part 8; ge part 2; and 108. Technical series: oe 5% Circulars : ay 10;
, STATE ENTOMOLOGIST, CAPITOL ANNEX,
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be, MORTIMER L. J. HIGGINS, Entomologist, 36 Imlay Street, Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.A;
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> Stig x ja hi Ut - sot ~) ww { 5 é gs [v7
Plate IV.
Ent. News, VoL. XXXVI.
| £obonoe. WJ
ie}
HYALOSCOTES FUMOSA BUTLER.—JONES
BeeMOLOGICAL NEWS
JING 71925 No. 6
Wor, XXXVI CONTENTS
Jones—H yaloscotes fumosa Butler Ropmicidae)tena.cacesierherietaenne 173 (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) ......... 1OL)| NGOLLECUIONI Ne Or cores e esac es oes 179
Cresson— Descriptions of New Genera Herrick—Notes on Some Little Known and Speciesof the Dipterous Family Thrips (Thysan>ptera)............ 180 Piphydridae.)) Vil os nas. =... 165 | Editorial—‘'Our Financial Column’’.. 184
The Third International Congress of Baumann—Information Wanted on Pa- PETAL ONLO) OPV eipreietelett dinate ore iesojoyeyscele 44> 167 pilio'troilus ((Lepidi)s2. sce cerck 185
Hubbell—Melanoplus stonei in Michi- deiGarnett—LvA belle os. oicnccnscens 185 Petri (Ome. AGTIG))\< jaro s\<10 sce 0d <0 168 Better Mailing Practices.........-:. 186
Andrews—McCook's Ant Mounds in | Entomological Literature........ . 186 Pennsylvania, Revisited (Hymen. ° Obituary— Paul Revere Myers........ 192
Hyaloscotes fumosa Butler (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). By Frank Morton Jones, Wilmington, Delaware. (Plate IV.)
In 1871-72 Lord Walsingham travelled extensively through California and Oregon, devoting “much time to collecting Lepidoptera ;” so abundant was the material thus acquired, that, after an interval of more than fifty years, the British Muséum (where the Walsingham collection is now preserved, under the care of Mr. Durrant), in many groups has a better representation of the Lepidoptera of the Pacific coast, than it possesses from those Atlantic States where collectors and col- lections have been so much more numerous, and from which it has been receiving material for so many more years. Of the several hundred names based upon his collections, it is remarkable that so large and conspicuous an insect as Hyalos- cotes fumosa Butler (the tvpes taken by Walsingham in Shasta and Siskiyou counties, California) should have continued to elude observation for more than fifty years, and still to be un- recognized and apparently unrepresented in American collec- tions.
Of fumosa, the type material consists of five males; in the
161
162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS _ [Juneseae
British Museum (general collection), one specimen labeled “Mt. Shasta’? has -been designated as the type, the others, labeled “Siskivou’ Co.,” becoming paratypes; all are in good preservation, and are undoubtedly conspecific. Through the generosity of the Museum authorities, the writer was per- mitted to dissect one of the five specimens, and to bring an- other of them to the United States, where it will be accessi- ble for comparison whenever the insect is turned up by Ameri- can collectors. Though Butler referred fumosa to the Lithosu- dac, in our lists it has been correctly included in the Psychi- dae, though always with doubt’as to its position and relation- ship within the family. Study of its structure shows it to be specifically and generically distinct from all our other de- scribed Psychids whose males are known, excepting possibly pithopocra Dyar; that Butler did not recognize its true posi- tion is the more remarkable, not only because in all its charac- ters it is beyond question a Psychid, but also in that even in its superficial appearance it closely approaches several famil- iar European species; for fumosa Butler is very like Sterrhop- terix standfusst H.-Sch. Structurally, Hyaloscotes is sep- arable from Sterrhoptcrix and from the larger species of our own “short-winged’”’ Psychids, by the possession of a long. spine on the fore tibia, as well as (usually) by venational characters. Dyar (Insecutor, XI, 3, 1923) refers fumosa to ‘Pachytelia Westw., and Barnes & Benjamin (Contributions, V, (3), 186, 1924) suggest Canephora Hbn. as an alterna- tive; Hyaloscotes, however, with its slender build, its longer, rounded, and more translucent wings, the oblique outer mar- gin and shorter inner margin of its primaries, is fully as far removed, on the one side, from F'achythelia Westw. (genotype, villosella Ochs.), as the densely-scaled straight-margined Canephora Hbn. (unicolor Hufn., genotype) is on the other. The writer suggests, therefore, the retention of Hyaloscotes Butler as a valid American genus, and would amplify and correct Butler’s characterization of the genus and species by the following notes and the accompanying illustrations:
xxxvi, 725] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163
Hyaloscotes Butler (Lepidoptera, Psychidae).
Of slender build. Antennae bipectinate, the branches of moderate length and decreasing gradually to the tip; shaft and branches sparsely clothed with narrow appressed scales. Legs slender, the first pair the longest, the third pair much the shortest ; the fore tibia with a long spine, the tibiae other- wise unarmed. Body-vestiture hairy, divergent. Wings pro- portionately large, semi-translucent, thinly clothed with nar- row scales which are denser on the veins and margins. Pri- maries elongate-trigonal, angles rounded; outer margin round- ed, oblique; inner margin short, the inner angle opposite the proximal origin of vein 3. Wings 11-7-veined, 6 absent from both wings; the anal vein of primaries sends a branch to- ward the inner margin, 1 b and 1 c¢ anastomosing opposite the proximal origin of vein 2, thence coincident to the inner angle; on the secondaries, an oblique bar connects 7 and 8, mid-way of the cell; veinlets in cell (both wings) simple. Genotype, fumosa Butler.
Hyaloscotes fumosa Butler.
Expanse 27 to 31 mm. (Butler's measurements, pin to tip, doubled; the wings of the type material are slightly de- flexed, and tip to tip measurements give a range from 25 to 28.5 mm.). The antennae have 24 joints. On the primaries, 8 and 9 are shortly stemmed to the cell, 7 usually arising from a point with the stem of 8 and 9; 4 and 5 of both wings usual- ly separate from their origin at the cell, but rarely stemmed to the cell; these two variations, where they occur in the type material, are in only one wing, the opposite wing normal. The abdominal plates are broad and entire, the 7th sternite much shortened and of unusual form; the 8th sternite is short and wide, its rods short, almost straight, and slightly divergent ; the genitalia are wide, the saccus short and taper- ing, the aedoegus thick and clumsy.
Dyar’s association (/. c.) of this insect with fragmentella Hy. Edw. (and its supposed synonym, coniferella Hy. Edw.) will probably prove correct, when all three are bred. Frag- mentella has time priority over fumosa, page priority over coniferella, and is a valid name based upon a description of the pupa and larval case; coniferclla, based upon description of the larval case only (a structure manufactured by, not a
164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | ime; 25
part or stage of, the insect). is doubtfully valid in any event.
In comparing pithopoera Dyar with fumosa Butler, Dyar (/. c.) was misled by an error in a sketch of the venation of fumosa, sent him from England. The two insects are iden- tical in venation and closely similar in appearance. Dr. Dyar has mounted a fore leg of the unique type of his species, and in this mount we are unable to detect the long tibial spine characteristic of funosa; but we do not consider this single mount necessarily conclusive, for these slender spines are some- times broken off, sometimes closely appressed and invisible in a balsam mount. In view of the otherwise close resemblance of these two insects when directly compared, and of their ob- vious differences from other North American forms whose males are known, pithopoera Dyar should be included under Hyaloscotes Butler until the acquisition and study of addi- tional material makes possible its satisfactory disposition.
Through the courtesy of the American Museum of Nat- ural History in furnishing photographs of the type material, it has been possible to include on Plate III figures of the lar- val cases of fragmentella and coniferella Hy. Edwards, hither- to unillustrated. With these Hy. Edwards types is now de- posited in the American Museum the paratype of fumosa But- ler from the British Museum, so that the type material upon which the three names (all probably synonymous) are based, is now assembled in one place for future comparisons.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
Psyche fragmentella Hy. Edwards.
A. Larval cases (type gnaterial, eA vite Nt Psyche coniferella Hy. Edwards.
B. Larval cases (type material, A. M. N. H.). Hyaloscotes fumosa Butler. * Male paratype; Ay iM: Nea. . Venation, wings of do, paratype, Brit. Mus. . Antenna, paratype, Brit. Mus. . Abdominal plates, paratype, Brit. Mus. . Genitalia, paratype, Brit. Mus. . Legs, paratype, Brit. Mus.
mn B&B WN OD
xxxvi, 725] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165
Descriptions of New Genera and Species of the Dipterous Family Ephydridae. VII.
Bye. EL CRESSON it Cerometopum lacunosum new species.
Black; third antennal segment, palpi, middle and hind tibiae, all tarsi except apices, tawny to yellow. Wings yel- lowish with pale veins, and posterior cross-vein infuscated. Shining to polished. Frons and face strongly sculptured; mesonotum, scutellum and the bases of abdominal segments densely granulo-scabrous. Facialia with three deep, transverse depressions, leaving the medial area convex and granulose; - cheeks nearly one-third as broad as eye-height. Scutellum quadrate, rather flat with apical bristles emitted from small, elongate tubercles. Fore femora very turgid; the apical half of posterior flexor margin with fine, closely set spines. Length.—2.25 mm.
Type—Male; Higuito, San Mateo, Costa Rica, (Pablo Schild), [U. S. National Museum collection, No. 28265].
Trimerinoides new genus.
Genotype—Trimerina adfinis Cresson, 1922.
Head in profile rather flatly ovate with frontal and fa- cial contour nearly vertical; eyes vertically elongate; vertex sharp; face long, transversely convex, with two bristles each side on lower part, the upper pair strong and cruciate ; meson- otum convex with setulae in series; scutellum flat; abdomen convex, with lateral margins revolute.
Ceropsilopa adjuncta new species.
Very similar to nasuta Cresson, 1917, but smaller; an- tennae shorter, scarcely attaining lower fourth of face; base of third segment yellow. Face more convex, not so prominent below middle, but in certain aspects with suggestion of a glo- bose swelling at middle; fore femora entirely black.
Type—Male? Adjuntas, Porto Rico, June, 1915, [Amer- ican Museum of Natural History collection]. Paratypes.— 1.6? Manati, 1914, March; 1 2? Arecibo, March, 1914; 1 $? Naguabo, March, 1914; all from Porto Rico, [all Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [june 725
Ceropsilopa staffordi new species.
This differs from the more typical species in having the facial bristles low, below line of buccal orbit; the face is strongly convex but weakly so in profile; lunule not depressed ; antennal spine short; ocellar bristles situated between the an- terior and posterior ocelli.
Black; antennae, basal segment of abdomen; legs, includ- ing coxae, and wing veins except base of costa, pale yel- low; halteres white; wings immaculate with yellowish tinge. Shining, but more or less obscured by cinereous pollen; frons and apex of abdomen polished; face densely cinereous. Length.—1.5 mm.
Type.—Male; New Orleans, Louisiana, October 3, 1921, CETMW. Stattord).” [AL IN. S24 No. 6299)2
Glenanthe litorea new species.
The species of this genus have the eyes strongly constricted below by a deep emargination at the post-buccal region. The present species is distinguished from the European G. ript- cola Haliday by the dark antennae and legs, and the more numerous mesofrontal setulae.
Black; knees, tarsi except apices, yellow; halteres white; wings brownish, becoming lactaceous inferiorly, veins dark. Opaque, whitish gray, becoming brownish above. Length.— 1.7 mm.
Type—Male; Wildwood, New Jersey, September 18, 1920, (Cresson; over wet salt marsh), [A. N. S. P., No. 6300]. Paratypes——Thirty-nine topotypical specimens of both sexes.
Ditrichophora nadineae new species.
In this species we have much to suggest the species of Psilopa, especially in the general build and the curvature of the second vein, and the latter, the pale antennae and tarsi, are the salient characters.
Black; antennae, apex of femora, base and apex of tibiae, all tarsi including their apices, tawny; halteres whitish; wings clear, with pale veins. Shining species; frons subo- paque, brownish to grayish; face slightly brownish especially foveae; mesonotum more or less bronze, sparingly ochreous. Abdomen rotund. Second vein rather abruptly curving to costa, making second section of latter not twice as long as third. Length—2 mm.
Rexvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167
Type.—Male; Berkeley Hills, Alameda County, Califor- ma, April’ 20, -1908, (Cresson), [A, N.S. P., No: 6348]. Paratypes.—1 3, 3 2; topotypical. '
I name this interesting species after Miss Nadine Isabel Westaway, my little friend and ideal companion on many of the collecting jaunts among the Berkeley Hills. The many specimens in the collection before me from this locality are a constant reminder of the enjoyable days spent in Califor- nia and of the acquaintances made there.
Ephydra pacifica new species.
Allied to E. atrovirens Loew in having a long, lateral, subbasal hair on the third antennal segment; differing from that species in having the face more projecting and distinctly retreating below, with the foveae and medial area equally shining.
Black; halteres yellow. Frons and upper part of face metallic green or blue, faintly brown pruinose; lower portion entirely white; cheeks gray to greenish behind. Mesonotum metallic green, faintly pruinose; scutellum concolorous; pleura opaque brown, gravish below. Abdomen metallic green with brown dusting. Length.—6 mm.
Type—Male; Vancouver, British Columbia, April 5, 1902, (kK. J. Crew), (A. N: S.P:, No. 6344].
The Third International Congress of Entomology.
[Jz ve the announcement published in the News for May, 1925, page 148. |
The Entomological Society of Belgium at its meeting of March 7, 1925, received the following report which was approved by the members present:
Information is given to the meeting of this date that the permanent Belgian Committee on International Congresses of Entomology unanimously refuses its aid to, and participa- tion in, the Entomological Congress announced by foreign journals before it had been consulted; it disputes the oppor- tuneness of this Congress and denies its right to international representation. The committee recalls, moreover, the deci- sion of the Oxford Congress which designated Vienna as the meeting place of the Third International Congress of Ento- mology. (Bulletin and Annales, Soc. Ent. Belg. LXV, p. 55).
168 ENTOMOLOGICAL .NEWS [ Jtme; “25
Melanoplus stonei in Michigan (Orth., Acrid.).
By THropore H. Huppert, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
The large collection of Orthoptera made at Sand Point, Huron County, Michigan, by the Michigan Biological Survey expedition of 1908, contained a series of fourteen specimens of a grasshopper which was determined by Mr. A. P. Morse as Melanoplus foedus Scudder. In 1911 these specimens were recorded under that name by their collector, Mr. A. F. Shull, in his report on the Thysanoptera and Orthoptera of the region.
Since this constituted the only record for the species from east of the Mississippi River it was of considerable interest. In 1918 Mr. W. S. Blatchley requested the loan of the speci- mens for study. Regarding them he wrote: “I found that the specimens were correctly named Melanoplus foedus by Morse, but that name is a synonym of Melanoplus packardu Scudder. The specimens from Michigan agree exactly with red-legged specimens from Colorado, except in size, they being slightly smaller than average packardu.” In his “Orthoptera of Northeastern America” Blatchley has included Melanoplus packardu in his treatment of the eastern species of the genus on the basis of this one record, the only one for either foedus or packardu in the area covered.
On August 26, 1919, I found a small number of specimens on the shore of Crystal Lake, Michigan, which were identified as packardu on the strength of Blatchley’s determination of the Huron County material, with which they entirely agreed. A short-time later other specimens of the same species were received from Miss Priscilla Butler, which were collected in July and August of the same year at Douglas Lake, Michigan. Specimens from all three of these localities were sent to Mr. J. A. G. Rehn to have the identification verified. They were named by him Melanoplus stonei Rehn, Mr. Morgan Hebard ~ concurring with him in this determination.
Melanoplus stonei was described by Rehn in 1904 from the pine barrens of New Jersey. According to its author, it is ‘a member of the Packardii Group and related to /. packardu
xxxvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 169
and foedus, but distinguished by the smaller size, more com- pressed and excavated vertex and fastigium, the narrower frontal costa (which also has a distinct stricture below the junction with the fastigium), the smaller furcula, the greater interval between the mesosternal lobes in both sexes, and in the rich and striking coloration.” | have compared Michigan specimens of stonei with specimens of packardu from North Dakota, Oklahoma and Colorado, and it is evident that in spite of slight variation, especially in color, stonei is perfectly distinct in the characters pointed out by Rehn, and there should be no real difficulty in separating the two species. It is necessary, therefore, to drop Melanoplus packardiu from the eastern list, as the only record of the species east of the Mis- sissipp1 is based on a misidentification.
Since 1919 extensive field work has shown that MJelanoplus stoneit has a rather general distribution in northern Michigan. It has been taken in a dozen localities, and has proved to be common and even locally abundant in its characteristic habitat. This is the more remarkable, since the surprisingly small num- ber of records of stonei published in the twenty years since its description seems to indicate that elsewhere it is either rare or very local in its occurrence.
Melanoplus stonei is quite definite in its habitat preferences, and close observation of the species in the field soon enables one to predict with a fair degree of certainty whether or not it will be found in any particular situation. In New Jersey stonei is stated to occur only in the northern portion of the pine barrens, and Rehn notes that it is apparently rather abundant there in dry scrubby pine land. In Michigan I have found it in much the same sort of situations. Its favorite home is the great area of jeck-pine barrens in the northern part of the state.
In the Huron Mountain region of Marquette County the species is common in burned-over pine barrens a short distance inland from the shore of Lake Superior. The dominant tree of the thin and irregular forest which covers these sandy plains is the jack-pine (Pinus banksiana), a close relative of the Jer-
170 ENTOMOLOGICAL .NEWS [June, “25
sey scrub pine. The more open portions (considerable areas are almost without tree growth) support a scanty ground vege- tation of blueberry bushes, bracken ferns, and clumps of xero- philous grasses, while much of the sandy soil is bare except for a covering of gray reindeer moss. Most of the Orthoptera associated with /. stone? in this habitat are species characteris- tic of bare soil or scanty vegetation—some of the more numer- ous being Camnula pellucida, Spharagemon collare scuddert, Circotettix verruculatus, Scirtetica marmorata marmorata,. Me- lanoplus mexicanus atlanis and M. fasciatus.
In the lower peninsula A/. stonei was found to be abundant in a slightly less xerophytic type of habitat in Montmorency County. Here, in the burned-over barrens of this region, the species is most numerous in the more open country between the pine groves, where the scattered jack-pines are interspersed with an occasional scrubby oak, aspen, sand cherry or June- berry. There is more ground vegetation ; the sandy soil is cov- ered with a thin sod of grasses, while sweet fern, bracken, several species of blueberries, and a number of hardy flowering herbs grow here. Reindeer moss is not common. The greater supply of food and the less rigorous conditions of life are reflected in the larger number of species and individuals of grasshoppers found in this area. Melanoplus confusus ap- peared to be the dominant form, with M. stonei, Pseudopomala brachyptera and Orphulella speciosa common. Arphia sulphu- rea, Spharagemon bolli, Camnula pellucida, Melanoplus fascia- tus and M. dawsoni were also taken in numbers, while Chloe- altis conspersa, Scirtetica marmorata marmorata, Hesperotet- tix pratensis,! Melanoplus mexicanus atlanis, Phaneroptera pistillata, Conocephalus saltans, Gryllus assimilis and Nemobius fasciatus were less numerous.
I have also found Melanoplus stonei in the dune belts along the shores of the Great Lakes in the straights region. The sit- uation in which it was found at Crystal Lake is fairly typical of the conditions under which I have taken it along the lake shores. Crystal Lake was formerly a deep arm of Lake Michi-
Duly Wala 1923) 5g 5 O38 juve The Arent Michigan Seanad
xxxvi, °25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS AL
gan, the mouth of which has been blocked by a high ridge of dune sand. On a portion of the north shore steep clay bluffs descend to the level of the broad sandy beach, and for a distance of several yards from the base of the bluff the beach is cov- ered with a thick but uneven growth of bearberry (Arcto- staphylos uva-ursi) and two species of scrubby Juniper (Jamni- perus horizontalis and J. communis depressa), with a few other characteristic beach plants. Melanoplus stonei was found in small numbers in openings in this mat of vegetation, among the dead leaves and twigs which litter the sand.
Shull’s records state that his specimens were found “‘on bare or somewhat grassy beaches, or in sandy woods, always in dry places. Found on sand or soil, not on vegetation.” In 1922 I also found stonet common on Sand Point, in the grass and blueberry undergrowth of the open oak and jack-pine forests on the sandy ridges back of the beach. Rehn writes that he has never found stonei in the types of habitat frequented by packardu [open grassy prairie, pastures, cultivated land, weed thickets, etc.], but always in brushy woodland, generally on poor soil. At Godbout, Quebec, Mr. E. M. Walker found it “on the coarse grasses of a sea-beach, and sparingly in open jack-pine barrens.”
In his excellent ecological study of the Acrididae of the Douglas Lake region, and in a subsequent paper in Entomo- logical News, Mr. A. G. Vestal has recorded Melanoplus angus- tipennis from Douglas Lake, Cheboygan County, Michigan. He lists this species as a dominant form of the bracken-blue- berry habitat, and as frequent or occasional in bare soil, beach grass and ruderal grassland habitats. It is remarkable that, in the several rather large collections of Orthoptera which have been made by subsequent workers at the Douglas Lake Biologi- cal Station, I have never seen a specimen of M. angustipenms, while M. stonei, which Vestal does not mention, was well rep- resented. This makes me suspect that the species which he regarded as M. angustipennis may in reality have been M. stonei, whose habitat distribution, as I have observed it, seems to accord well with that which he gives for his MW. angustipen-
172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jiunte;» 725
nis. The latter species does occur in Michigan, as I have specimens from Berrien, Wayne, Oakland and Gratiot counties. All of these records are, however, from the southern portion of the lower peninsula, and in my own collecting I have never found it in the northern part of the state.
The earliest Michigan record of adult specimens of Melan- oplus stonei is June 20 (Sand Point). On this date it was apparently just maturing, as many of the specimens seen were teneral, and late nymphal stages were numerous. In July and early August it reaches its greatest abundance in Michigan; but it 1s not known how late it may occur, as there has been no collecting later than August 26 in the parts of the state where it is found.
The present status of the species is indicated below:
Melanoplus stonei Rehn.
1904. Rehn, Ent. News, xv, 85. [Between Harris and White Horse, Burlington County, New Jersey (Type locality) ; Atsion, Burlington County, New Jersey. | 1910. Smith, Ann. Rept. N. J> State Mus, 1909) ie: | Stafford’s Forge, New Jersey.] [In the low scrub under mixed pine and oak and on bare sand near pine woods. | 1914. Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1914, 514. [Re- stricted to the New Jersey Pine Barrens, and so far reported only from its northern portion. | 1920. Blatchley, Orth. Northeastern Amer., 432. [Chatsworth and Harris, New Jersey; Godbout, Quebec ; Ft. William, Ontario. ] 1921. Hubbell, 22nd. Rept. Mich. Acad. Sci.,; 1920, 125: [Douglas Lake, Cheboygan County; Crystal Lake, Benzie County; Sand Point, Huron County, Michigan. | Melanoplus foedus Shull 1911 (not of Scudder 1879), Mich. Geol. Biol. Surv. Publ. 4, Biol, Ser. 2, 227. [Saginaw Bay [Sand Point], Huron County, Michigan. | Melanoplus packardii Blatchley 1920 (in part, not of Scud- der 1878), 1. c., 430. [Saginaw Bay, Huron County, Mich. | ? Melanoplus angustipennis Vestal 1913 (?not of Dodge 1877), Biol. Bull., xxv, 145, 147, 149, 153, 163, 165, 168,
mxxvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173
171, 173, 176. |Douglas Lake, Cheboygan County, Michi- gan. Detailed ecological study. | 1914. Vestal, Ent. News, xxv, 108. [Douglas Lake, Cheboygan County, Michigan. | The Michigan records are as follows: Northern Peninsula— Marquette County: ‘Huron Mountain Club, vii. 8-19. 1921 rN yl4 3,10) ¢. Mackinac County: St. Ignace, vii. 24..1921 (T. 9 2; Naubinway, vii. 29. 1921 (T.H.H.) 2 3, 2%. Southern Peninsula Cheboygan County: Douglas Lake, vii. 3-vili. 9. 1919 (Priscilla Butler) 1 ¢, 9 2; vii. 19. 1920 (H.H. Lu) 1 ¢. Emmett County: Big Stone Bay, vii. 30. 1921 (T.H.H.) Suey li7 ¢: Charlevoix County: High Island, vit. 7. 1922 (S. Moore) jue eSecn a Norwood twp. vii. 7, 1923 (Cl HH:). |b &. Monrmorency Gounty: 1.32 N.; R. 1 E., va. 10-12, 1923 GESEIOr. 946, 55) Alcona County: Harrisville, viii. 10. 1921 (F. M. Gaige) Biss 55.2. Benzie County: Crystal Lake, viii. 26. 1919 (T.H.H.) 2 GesGa a: Clare County: Lake George, vii. 10-24. 1921 (H. M. MacCurdy) 1 2. Huron County: Sand Point, vi. 22-viii. 3. 1908 (A. F. Slay word. 4a wa 2022/1 922):( TH: AY and: R» F: Eivssey)) ides
H.H:)
McCook’s Ant Mounds in Pennsylvania, Revisited (Hymen.: Formicidae). By E. A. Anprews, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Among the remarkable native animals of the Eastern parts of the United States are the mound building ants which may
be found in clearings, cut over woods, abandoned fields and little frequented areas not given up to agriculture or intensive grazing. With increase of human population these ant mounds seem doomed to ever greater restriction and ultimate extinc- tion, some phases of which process may be witnessed readily.
Their headquarters along the Alleghanies seem less densely
174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [june 25
populated and the most famous center of their civilization has been decimated.
One mile north of Holidaysburg, near Altoona, Pennsylvania, on the south-west base of Brush Mountain, in the summer of 1876, the Rev. H. C. McCook camped out one week in the middle of August and made a study of the great mounds built by the ant, Formica exsectoides.
In about fifty acres he counted 1300 mounds and estimated that the number might be 1700; about 29 to the acre. The land, then owned by the Cambria Iron Company, was open woods of oak, pine, maple, dogwood, hickory; on sandy soil full of red-brown sandstones. This region was called the “Ant City” by the natives. One acre contained 33 mounds, another 25; average 29.
McCook published six photographic plates in the Transac- tions of the American Entomological Society, vol. 6 (1877), showing the size, shape and groupings of some of the typical mounds as well as their internal structure,
Another region, some twenty miles away from Holidaysburg, at Pine Hill and at Warrior’s Mark, was studied by a student, Mr. Edgar B. Kay, under Mr. McCook’s influence. There also the mounds were very numerous and large. Thus at War- rior’s Mark two acres contained 55 mounds; another region of 214 acres contained 74; with average of 30 to the acre. At Pine Hill the mounds were as extensive and as thickly placed as at Holidaysburg. Thirty acres were occupied; five were carefully surveyed and contained 293 hills; the average being 59 to the acre. It was estimated that the 30 acres had 1800 hills evenly over it.
Measurements of these mounds showed that, while the be- ginning mound is but a handful of dirt, it is common to find them 10 to 12 feet in circumference and 2% to 3 feet high. The largest were at Pine Hill and Warrior’s Mark. One cone was 12 feet across and 30 feet around; another 15 across and 37 around. Two double mounds were 15 across lengthwise and 47 around base. Another double was 24 lengthwise and 58 in circumference, with height of 42 inches; the largest hill
EX, 20] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS L735
of all and built upon an old charcoal hearth, quite level. These double hills were common and apparently occupied by one colony. One double hill at Warrior’s Mark, 19 by 47 feet, was deserted and washed down on the north but active on the south and south-east. Others showed this same difference in aspects, north and south. At this region fully one-fourth of the entire number were abandoned mounds, but at Holidays- burg very few were abandoned.
The mounds photographed by McCook were very fine cones of regular shape; often one larger central and smaller outlying cones, four to six feet away. That the cone is not entirely symmetrical is shown by the measurements given. Thus one hill, Plate II, was 8 feet and 7 inches across, 25 feet around. Over the summit it measured 10 feet 3 inches, but the north face was 4 feet 3 inches, the south 4 feet 4 inches; the west 6 feet 9 inches and the east 3 feet 6 inches.
McCook estimated that a mound took 5-7 years in the making, and that then the ants colonized and built up other mounds near by. This conclusion rested upon the fact that ground plowed in 1875 and 1876 was subsequently occupied by ant mounds, four of which were measured by farmer Prough and Mr. John McGinn. The rate of growth was calculated by McCook as 1% cubic feet per year in one case, 3 cubic feet in another, 1 cubic foot in each of the other cases.
A trolley line from Altoona to Holidaysburg began to run June 14, 1893; and a prophesy was published that this fine community of ant hills at Holidaysburg would be killed out by the advent of the trolley line. To see what changes had taken place within 50 years, I visited this place and also War- rior’s Mark the past summer.
July 3, 1924, an examination of the ant Araunel region on the base of Brush Mountain where McCook counted 1300 mounds, revealed now scattered mounds on interrupted parts of about 20 acres, both sides of the paved pike and double trolley line. The former wooded area now is partly taken up with suburban mansions and lawns with some woods left, even some oaks 2 feet in diameter.
176 ENTOMOLOGICAL .NEWS [June, °25
About 10 acres east of the trolley contained 33 active and 7 deserted mounds; a half acre near there contained 6 mounds, while adjacent four and a half acres contained 2 active, 1 young and deserted mound. The average size was about 13 inches in height and 24 inches in width; the largest was 26 in height and 18 feet in circumference, with an old deserted twin near it elongated to the south.
Of the three new and rapidly growing mounds the smallest was 6% inches in height and 17 wide and full of grass. In fact most of the mounds had much grass growing upon them. But Japanese honeysuckle being entirely absent, the usual cleared area about the base of the mounds was. not so con- spicuous. Many of the deserted mounds were as usual full of holes at the base of the northerly face.
In all there were on the east side of the road about 42 living and 8 dead mounds in about 15 acres, but others may have escaped notice, though much of the adjacent area is lawns and ornamental grounds free from mounds; and the wooded area possible to hold mounds was rather thoroughly explored.
Many of these mounds show fine cones and measurements of the slopes of one were 45° on the North, 34° on the South, 31° on the West, and 35° on the East, taken with level and carpenters’ adjustable mitre angle. Over the road on the West the woods are less built up with houses as yet, and the ground les lower. Search near the road revealed 13 active and 2 dead scattered over some 5 acres; farther away from the road, others may have escaped notice. Among the 13 were two twin mounds and one very steep mound supported with grass growing about its lower parts. This one measured: height 21% inches, circumference 10 feet 8 inches, north-south diameter 32 inches. east-west diameter 36 inches. The north, a very steep descent of about 22 inches and angle of 60°; south slope only 471°; east 52° and west 43°. As far as seen the remnant of McCook’s 1300 mounds in fifty acres, is thus a mere 55 living and 10 dead over about 20 acres. Where were 39 are now but 3 to the acre. The area occupied is shrunken and the size of the hills diminished.
mexvi, 29 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 177
The General Manager of the Electric Railway writes: “The ant hills were quite large. I believe some of the longest were enough to fill a one or two ton truck. They commenced dis- appearing as soon as houses were erected and human beings began to occupy this territory. At the present day they are almost gone and the few hills that are remaining would not fill a bushel measure.” This diminution is the more marked as the name on the station-house of the trolley line here is “Ant Hills” in remembrance of the phenomenal size and abundance of the mounds when first the trolley came through this wooded area, and it seems most probable that the clearing of the land for house and lawn building was the chief reason for the great reduction in extent of this large community of ants and their dwellings.
In contrast to this clash of civilizations, human and formic, were the findings about Warrior’s Mark, where conditions of man’s making have not so greatly changed in the past 48 years.
Along the road approaching Pennington Railroad Station from the west and nearing Warrior’s Mark, the cultivated fields on the left or north are in contrast with large cut-over areas on right or south, where close to the road are 26 good active mounds in some 2 acres of pasture thick set with sprout- ing stumps and small scrub oak, Quercus ilicifolia. Here the ants were feeding on aphids with long black and white stripes, on white pine trees; and also upon minute young galls near tips of above oaks but few feet from the ground. This region reaches on toward the barren to be mentioned later as along the road to Birmingham and is probably the same general settlement of ant communities.
Beyond Warrior’s Mark cross roads, ant mounds were found in various cut-over regions, but the great number were back to the west toward the above mentioned area stretching across the railroad to the south of Pennington Station.
August 1, a fine mound was measured amidst twenty more toward the east of the above region and dozens more were noted along the side roads. The measurements of this mound were as follows: Height 26 inches, circumference 18 feet,
178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, °25
with an inconspicuous moat about the base, where the cows have grazed, while on the mound itself the short and sparse grass left only the apex more bare to the south. The tape down the north face from the summit was 3 feet 3 inches, down the south face 4 feet, the west 3 feet 4 inches, the east 3 feet 6 inches. The mound was of sand with fine vegetable fragments on the top, The slopes: N. 35°, S;. 37°, Wi. 35°, and E..3/>. This region is continuous with that about the Birmingham road. Along this road are very many mounds and so out to the west amidst burnt trees of cut-over barren and huckleberry bushes innumerable. One large mound of fine sand and vegetable fragments and no grass stood out conspicuously amidst the huckleberry plants and was measured as follows: Heighth 32 inches, circumference 27 feet. Surrounded only by burned trees, there was no shade on this mound and one fallen burned branch ran under the mound north to south.
The angles of slope were: N. 23°, S. 24-5°, W. 27%°, E, 27°. The north side seemed steeper as it was short and lacking in talus which ran out on the southerly face. The tape over top north to apex was 3 feet 7 inches, south 5 feet, east 4 feet 4 inches, west 4 feet.
No estimation of the numbers of mounds per acre, or in all, was made, but it seemed that this region east and west of the railroad and south of the pike might still contain some ap- proach to the numbers reported to McCook in 1876, though it is very doubtful if the mounds are either as large or as numer- ous as they then were.
That all the mounds east and west of Pennington Station form one nation, or confederation of nations, or are made by ants not strangers to one another, may be indicated by the following experiments. Ants taken from the mounds west of Pennington, where the ants were feeding on galls of scrub oak, were kept over night in closed preserve jars and liberated after thirty hours on large mound near Pennington Station along road to Birmingham, thus several miles from native hill. They ran about actively and seemed to attack the natives and were not molested by them.
mxKVI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179
However, ants carried from the large community in Mary- land, near Timonium, and kept in like jars about the same length of time, when liberated on this mound in several trials here and there over the mound, acted differently from the natives and were often seized by the antennae and dragged down to the base and into the openings of the mound. The same fate of Maryland ants was observed when they were liberated, about 30 hours after capture, on a small mound at Holidays- burg. They then ran about and solicited food from the Holi- daysburg ants, but often they were seized by the antennae and dragged down to the base. Others of these Maryland ants taken to the Pennsylvania ant mounds west of Pennington Station and liberated on mounds of above ants feeding on scrub oak galls, were seized by the natives and either carried off or dragged by the antennae down to the base of the mound and into the holes there.
Thus over a large area the native ants of Pennsylvania may be introduced into each others’ hills without obstacle, but the ants from Maryland both acted differently from the natives and were generally differently received and taken in as if alien to the community.
Assuming all these ants near Pennington to be of one stock as compared with those near Timonium in Maryland, the dimi- nution in size and in number of mounds may be compared to the dwindling of a tribe of American Indians. The mound dwellers of such a region form a widespread individuality expanding over acres under favorable conditions somewhat as _does an individual plant of the box huckleberry, Gaylissacia brachycera. But under present conditions this ant-tribe-indi- vidual is on the wane and may well disappear into the realm of the dodo and passenger pigeon, where observations are no more possible.
Correction.
Through an oversight the number of the News for March, 1925, is given)on the cover as Vol. XXXVI No. 2. It should have been Vol. XXXVI No. 3. The correct number is given on the first page (page 65) of that issue. Subscribers to this journal will please make this correction.
180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [}imes"*25
Notes on Some Little Known Thrips (Thysanoptera). By GLENN W. Herrick, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
During the past year, several species of thrips have come to my notice that are of considerable interest more especially on account of their distribution and food habits.
In the June number of the Ganadian Entomologist (1924) the late Mr. Treherne described a new species of thrips found on: Mt. Mclean in British Columbia at an elevation between 6,000 and 7,000 feet as Taentothrips orionis. During the past summer Professor and Mrs. C. R. Crosby spent the month of August in Pingree Park, Colorado, and while collecting spiders Mrs. Crosby took many individuals ‘of a species of thrips in at least three different localities in the Park at elevations of from 9,000 to 10,000 feet. Apparently the species was very abundant nearly everywhere in that region even during the abnormally dry season of 1924. Many specimens were taken from Aquilegia coeruleum and many other individuals were taken in sweepings, from various plants. The species proved to be Taemothrips orionts, although the color is considerably darker than the paratype specimen that Mr. McDunnough of Ottawa was kind enough to loan me for comparison. It also differs somewhat in the shape of the abdomen but the color pattern of the antennae, legs, and wings is the same as in T. orionis and it seems to me that the two are identical with the slight variation noted due to differences, perhaps, in its geographical situation.
It is interesting to find this species occurring at these high elevations and extending from British Columbia southward along nearly the same horizon.
In October of 1923, Dr. M. D. Leonard sent me some speci- mens of thrips taken from Lilium canadense by Dr. A. B. Stout in the New York Botanical Gardens. I was unable to refer this to any native species of Liothrips and therefore sub- mitted some of the specimens to Mr. J. D. Hood of Rochester, New York, and to Mr. R. S. Bagnall of New Castle on Tyne, England, with the surmise that they might represent an in- troduced species. Mr. Hood at once referred them to Lio- thrips vaneeckei, a European species described from Leiden,
mexyl, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 181
Holland. Some time later Mr. Bagnall wrote me “Your Lio- thrips is interesting and is referable to Priesner’s L. vaneecket, found in Holland, affecting bulbs of Lilium pardalinum, a very interesting confirmation of specialized pabulum.” Dr. Stout found them working in the scales of bulbs of Lilium canadense and causing some injury. Thus this thrips has probably be- come established in America and js proving true to its original habits of confining its work to lily bulbs for the present so far as we know. Whether it will change and broaden its food habits, perhaps becoming a pest to other plants, it is impossible to predict.
An interesting gall-forming species of Liothrips occurs on Cornus stolonifera in certain bogs of central New York, notably in the Junius bogs south of Rochester. On June 22, 1922, Mr. S. C. Bishop collected: two individuals which came to my desk this summer. The thrips live on the leaves of the plant and apparently check the growth of the leaves and cause galls on them. The galls are in evidence on the upper sides of the leaves. The areas between the larger veins become contracted, wrinkled, and puffed up so that long, narrow, puffed-up ridges occur on the upper sides of the leaves, running with the course of the veins. It is probable that the thrips live on the under- sides of the leaves where their work of rasping the epidermis and of sucking out the sap causes the gall-like ridges along the upper surface.
Adequate material is not at hand to enable me to definitely determine this species. It is certainly very close to L. umbri- pennis Hood. The wings are not black, however, in the basal half and each fore wing contains a light brown streak in the middle which extends for two-thirds of the length of the wing from the base. The head is fully 1.4 longer than wide. The species of the genus Liothrips tend to be confined, in general, to certain definite food plants within a rather narrow range. L. umbripennis is known from oak only, so far as published records go. It is likely that this species causing galls on Cornus stolonifera is an undescribed one. Opportunity will probably be afforded next season to obtain an abundance of material.
The species Parthenothrips dracaenae is such a unique one
182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (june, 25
~
among the thrips now found in this country that it deserves to be called anew to the attention of entomologists. The fore wings of the species of thrips in the family Thripidae are usually long, slender and pointed at the tips and the so-called ring-vein is usually weak. In the case of P. dracaenae the
Fic. 1.—Fore wing of Parthénothrips dracaenae.
fore wings are broad, very long, and rounded at the ends. Each wing is also plainly reticulated throughout the whole surface. (Fig. 1.) The costal margin of each front wing is distinctly notched at the end of the basal third of its length and at this point in the wing the veins are very dark and the reticulation is heavy and dark so that a conspicuous dark spot appears clear across each wing. About half way of the length of the wing the ring vein both on the costal and on the hind margins is again darkened while the reticulation is also heavy and dark thus forming a second dark spot on the wing not so conspicuous, however, as the first one. The hind wings are also long, and rounded at the ends and reticulated over the whole surface although faintly so, near the tips (Fig. 2).
Fic. 2,—Hind wing of Parthenothrips dracaenae.
zxxvi, “25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183
The ring vein of the front wings is very strong and heavy. The wings are much longer than the abdomen in this thrips and project far beyond the body. Due to the long wide wings bearing the black spots as indicated the individuals re- semble, at first glance, spotted-winged Diptera or Hymenoptera more than they do thrips. We have found this thrips breeding in the greenhouse on the leaves of Anthurium and of the banana plant, Musa sapientum. It does not, at this time of year (January), at least, develop in sufficient numbers to cause any appreciable injury.
During the past summer, the writer found plants of the so-called American white hellebore (Veratrum viride) much infested with a striking species of thrips which lived on the under sides of the leaves in the creases between the large ribs of the leaves. The thrips were abundant and had scarified the leaves of the plants and produced marked injury to the foliage. The species is a rather striking one because of its fairly large size, brown body and brownish or mouse-gray wings. It stands very close to Thrips impar Hood and may be only a variation of that species. Thrips impar was collected by J. D. Hood from the flowers of Jmpatiens sp. on Plummer’s Island, Maryland, in September. One specimen has also been taken hibernating in moss in Illinois. It is an interesting species because it is sexually dimorphic, the males being of a nearly uniform deep chrome color. Unfortunately no males of the thrips on Veratrum were present in June when the writer collected his specimens. Opportunity will be afforded next September to see if males are then present.
The specimens collected by the writer differ from 7. impar in coloration of the antennae, in the decidedly shorter prothorax and in the longer wings. It is rather interesting to find this thrips on two such distantly related plants in two such widely separated localities. It will be of interest to see what the males are like.
I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Prof. J. D. Hood of Rochester University for his courtesy in allowing me to examine his collection of thrips and for his aid in determining species; also to Prof. J. R. Watson of Florida for his trouble in comparing specimens of the thrips on /’eratrum with species in his collection.
. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS”
PHILADELPHIA, Pa. Jone, 1925.
“Our Financial Column.”
Another of our valued subscribers writes: Referring to your editorial in the March issue of the News, personally I am in favor of more pages and a higher subscription rate. | certainly would not like to see the number of pages reduced and am perfectly willing to pay more for the present number. The News has always been worth more than the subscriber has ever paid for it.
I believe that it is poor economy for an entomologist to fail to support his technical journals because they cost three, four or five dollars, as these sums are not to be compared with what many of us squander each year in overeating and other forms of amusement.
It is customary to bewail the rising costs of things, but we all end up by paying and if we get our money’s worth we soon become accustomed to the higher price and think nothing of it.
Everything is operating on higher price levels now and I do not believe that entomologists expect to. pay pre-war prices for their journals when everything else is up. Certainly not when they stop, and think about it.
So put your price up. I do not believe that you will lose any subscribers, because even though we are usually silent when asked to reply to editorials, we are aware that the News cannot be dispensed with and that it is more than worth what we pay.
Since our April issue was published we have received wel- come letters from Messrs. E. P. Van Duzee, Z. P. Metcalf, Hi. Shapley, L.A. Stephenson, Hi. He Knight, J, Re dela Torre 3ueno, A. E. Miller, A. G. Weeks and F. M. Hull on this subject. We thank them for their interest and kind advice and shall be glad to hear from others also.
Of sixteen subscribers who have expressed opinions, fourteen are in favor of increasing our subscription price and two are against it.
184
gecxvi,, 25] ’ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185
Information Wanted on Papilio troilus (Lepid.).
Editor, Entomological News: Some years ago, while living in Westfield, New Jersey, I caught an aberration of Papilio troilus of exquisite beauty. The butterfly was of a pale blue, the underside of the wings corresponding with the upper.
At the time I sold the specimen to a Mr. Frank, president of the American Entomological Company in Brooklyn, New York. The firm does not exist any more and I wonder if there is any record of that butterfly and who owns it at present.
Kart BAUMANN, Cottekill, Ulster County, New York.
L’Abeille. As is well known, the journal “l’Abeille” is given over to taxonomic works on Coleoptera. The founder, Mr. S. de
Marseul, desired that only monographs treating of the Coleop- tera of the Old World should be published. in this paper. However, Doctor Jeannel, the present director and editor, has made it known to me that he wishes the paper to be more universal, and although most of the works probably will con- cern the Old World fauna, monographs will be published on the North American fauna as well as on other faunas. Doctor Jeannel says that he can readily publish monographs in Eng- lish, especially if the manuscript be typewritten. The pur- pose of Dr. Jeannel’s communication is to secure subscribers, as at present the journal’s finances are rather inadequate to publish such elaborate papers. A sum received from the Min- ister of Public Instruction has tided the journal over for the time being. It seems to me that all good coleopterists should rally to the support of this journal, now in its thirty-second volume, especially as its field of vision has been enlarged. Each volume consists of about 320 pages illustrated with numerous figures and plates. The subscription is 30 francs per annum and should be sent to Mr. J. Magnin, Entomologi- cal Society of France, 28 rue Serpente, Paris, Vle, Seine. Any specialists who have monographs prepared which they desire published in the journal, should send them to Dr. R. Jeannel, Institut de Speologie, Universite de Cluj, Roumanie. Dr. Jeanne! desires especially to organise a scientific collaboration between entomologists of France and America and will be glad to receive communications from any of our coleopterists. He is at present working on a monograph of the Trechinae and would like to obtain American specimens.—RICHARD TOMPKINS DE GARNETT, A.B., Oakland, California.
186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (June; 25
Better Mailing Practices.
A letter, postcard, parcel, or newspaper, entering the mails is simply a piece of mail.
If, because of inadequate or incorrect address, and, in the case of the package—improper wrapping—a piece of mail must be taken out of the regular postal machinery for ‘directory service’ or “hospital service,” it becomes a “nixie.”
If the postal sleuths are able to correct the address, or return to sender for a better one, it again becomes a piece of mail—though “delayed mail” is the better sobriquet.
If, after an exhaustive effort, the postal “detective” must give up the puzzle, and there is no return address, the piece of mail is consigned to the Dead Letter Office, where it again changes its name to dead letter or dead parcel, as the case may be.
Its period of existence as a nixie is the most expensive one. It demands special attention from the very best clerks. Valuable time is spent in its behalf, time which — also may prove more costly to the mailer or intended recipient through the attendant delay.
But in the long run, the postal service loses most. In Chicago 400 workers do nothing but handle nixies. In New York the service costs $500 daily. In all the nixie costs the government about $1,740,000 a year.
U. S. Post OrricE DEPARTMENT.
Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published. :
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph beginning with (N). Those pertaining to Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceeded by an *,.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
4—Canadian Entomologist. 6—Journal, New York Ent. Soc. 7—Annals, Entomological Society of America. 8&— The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine. 9—The Entomol- ogist. 10—Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 12—Journal of
kexvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187
Economic Ent. 14—Entomologische Zeit., Frankfurt a.M. 15—Insecutor Ins. Menstruus. 18—Internationale Ento- molog. Zeit., Guben. 19—Bull., Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 21— The Entomologist’s Record. 24—Annales, Soc. Ent. de France. 25—Bull., Soc. Ent, France. 33—Bull. et Annal. Soc. Ent. Belgique. 49—Ent. Mitteilungen, Berlin. 50— Proc. U. S. National Mus. 56—Konowia, Wien. 60—Stet- tiner Ent. Zeit. 64—Zeit., Oesterr. Ent. Ver., Wien. 68— Science. 75—Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 77—Comptes Rendus d. Seances, Soc. Biologie, Paris. 89— Zool. Jahrbucher, Jena. 111—Archiv f. Naturg., Berlin. 124—Revue Suisse de Zool., Geneve. 126—Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 149—Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit., Liverpool. 154—Zoolog. Anzeiger.
GENERAL.—Anguita, F.—La revista Chilena de his- toria natural sus Bodas de Plata el Prof. Dr. Carlos E. Porter. 126, xxv, p. xii-xxiv. Barber, G. W.—The eff- ciency of birds in destroying over wintering larvae of the European corn borer. 5, xxxii, 30-46. Barnes, T. C.—A preliminary note upon a honey-dew fungus. 4, Ivii, 69-71. Brehm, H. H.—Obituary note. 19, xx, 96. Casey, T. L.— Obituary notice. 10, xxvii, 41-3. Effenberger, W.— Schlupfwespen und wasserinsekten. (Der Naturf., 1924-25, 601-5.) Hasslein—Entomologische plauderei. 14, xxxviil, 109-8 (Cont.) Horn, W.—Ueber ordinarien der zoologie und volksschullehrer. 49, xiv, 1-5. Howard, L. O.—The needs of the World as to entomology. 7, xviii, 1-21. Kohl, F. F.—Obituary and bibliography. 56, iv, 89-96. Kohler, G.—Wasser als unfreiwilliger koder oder lichtreflex? 18, xviii, 284. Lindsey, A. W.—Some problems of taxonomy. (Denison Univ, Bull., xxiv, 289-305.) Meisel, M.—A bib- liography of American natural history. The pioneer cen- tury, 1769-1865. Vol. 1, 244 pp. Premier Pub. Co., N. Y. Myers, P. R—Obituary and bibliography. 10, xxvii, 66-7. Nicholson, C.—Novel method of collecting. 21, 1925, 58-9. Schade, F.—Eine sammelexkursion nach den bergen von Mentral-Paracuay. 17, xiii, 13: Seitz, A——-Ueber den-um- fang der sammel-ausbeuten. 17, xlii, 13-14. Simon, E.— Notice necrologique sur. 24, xciv, 73-98. Torre-Bueno, J. R—On a universal language. 19, xx, 98. Weiss, H. B.— Statistical method and entomology. Entomology in the diary of Samuel Pepys. 6, xxxili, 56, 59. Wiebe, A. H.— Artificial fertilization of aquatic insects. 7, xviii, 45-8.
188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, “25
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC.— Blackburn, K. B.—The chromosome basis of sex determina- tion. (Pro. Univ. Durham Phil. Soc., vii, 54-7.) Cajal & Sanchez.—Sobre la estructura de los centros opticos de los insectos. 126, xxv, 1-18. Ephrussi, B.—Sur le chondriome ovarien des Drosophila melanogaster et simulans, 77, xcil, 778-80. Whiting, A. R.—The ‘inheritance of sterility and of other defects induced by abnormal fertilization
(Genetics, x, 32-58.) ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.—Berland, L.—
L’instinct maternal chez les araignees. (Rev. Scient., xvii, 161-6.) Giltay, L—Remarques sur ethologie des Lycosidae. 33, Ixv, 87-9. Rau, P.—A note on the moulting of the tarantula. Eurypelma hentzii. 5, xxxii, 1-3. Wehrle & Welch.—(see under Orthoptera.)
(N) *Emerton, J. H—New spiders from Canada and the adjoining states. IV. 4, lvii, 65-9.
(S) *Ewing, H. E—New chigger (Trombicula larva) from Brazil. 10, xxvii, 91-2. Joseph, C.—Moeurs des araignees Chiliennes. 126, xxv, 141-7.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA.—Brocher, F.—Appareil buccal des larves de Psylla pyrisuga. Etude anatomique et physiologique. 24, xciv, 55-72. Lozinski, P. —RHiustologische untersuchungen uber den darm der Myr- ne eqmidenl a wie (Bul, Intern. Ac. Polonaise: Sc) Let., Be 1921, 199-222.) Snyder, T. E.—Termites in buildings. 68, Ix1, 389. Tillyard, R. J——Primitive wingless insects. The orders Protura and Collembola. (N. Z. Jour. Sc. & Techn., vii, 298-303.)
(N) *Hood, J. D.—New sps. of Frankliniella. (Thysan- optera.) 19, xx, 71-83. Kruger, L.—Sisyridae. Beitrage zu einer monogr. der Neuropteren-fam der. . . . 60, Ixxxiv, 25-66. Tillyard, R. J——Kansas Permian. insects. The order Paleodictyoptera: “(Am Jour? ce)” x 326-35.)
(S) *Caudell, A. N.—A new species of myrmecophilous Thysanura from Bolivia. 10, xxvii, 43-5. *Hood, J. D.— New Neotropical Thysanoptera coll. by C. B. Williams. 5, xxx, 48-69. *Martin, R.—Sur les Odonates du Chili. 126,
xv, 19-25. *Navas, L.—Algunos insectos de Chile. 126, xv, 443-5. *Snyder, T. E—New American termites, in- cluding an. subg. (Jour. Wash. Ac. Sc,, xv, 152-62.)
Penvi, 2)| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189
ORTHOPTERA.—Gadeau de Kerville, H.—(See under Coleoptera.) Wehrle & Welch.—The occurrence of mites in the tracheal system of certain O. 7, xviii, 35-44.
HEMIPTERA.—Hoffmann, W. E.—Some aquatic H. having only four nymphal stages. 19, xx, 93-4. Myers & Myers.—The sound-organs and songs of N. Zealand Cica- didae. (Rep. 16, Meet. Austr, Ass. Ad. Sc., 1923, 420-30.) Torre-Bueno, J. R—Some winter bugs. 19, xx, 70. Van Duzee, E. P.—Notes on a few H. from the San Bernardino
Mt., Cal. 19, xx, 89-90.
(N) *Davis, W. T.—Cicada tibicen, a So. Am. sp., with records and descr. of No. Am. cicadas. 6, xxxiii, 35-51. *McAtee & Malloch.—Revision of the American bugs of the reduvitd subfamily Ploiariinae. 50, Ixvu, Art. 1.
(S) *Baker & Moles.—Aleyrodidae of South America, with description of four new Chilean sps. 126, xxv, 609-56. *Porter, C. E.—Descripcion de un nuevo hemiptero Chileno. 126, xxv, 505-6.
LEPIDOPTERA.—Adkin, R.—Artificial varieties of L. 9, Ilviii, 97. Barnes & Benjamin.—On the distribution of Feralia deceptiva. (Phalaenidae.) 19, xx,90. Dyar, H. G. —A note on the larvae of the Dalceridae. The larva of Heterocampa lunata. 15, xiii, 44-7; 47-8. Gadeau de Ker- ville, H.—Consequences de la decapitation de chenilles de Vanessa urticae et de Sericaria mori au moment de. la nymphose. 24, 1925, 79-80. Lindsey, A. W.—Trichoptilis pygmaeus and the neuration of the family Pterophoridae. (Denison Univ. Bull., xxiv, 187-92.) Pammel, L. H.—The extension of the yucca moth. 68, Ixi, 414-5.) Philpott, A.— The wing-coupling apparatus in Sabatinca and other primi- tive genera of L. (Rep. 16,-Meet. Austr. Ass. Ad. Sc., 1923, 414-19.) Schott, F. M.—Notes on Lepidoptera Hymen- optera. 6, xxxiii, 53-6. Schwartz, R. L.—Some hitherto undescribed habits of Meskea dysteraria. 5, xxxii, 70-4, Sich, A—A review of Pierce’s volume on the genitalia of the Tortricidae: 21, 1925, 49-58. (Cont.). Williams, C. B. —The migration of the painted lady butterfly. (Nature, Eendon, cxv, 535-7.)
(N) Barnes & Benjamin.—Notes on diurnals. 4, lvil, 57-60. Barnes & Benjamin.—On the synonymy of Cerapoda oblita with notes on the type of “Agrotis insertans.” 19,
190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ June, #2
xx, 95-6. Busck, A.—On the genus Setiostoma. 10, xxvil, 48-50. *Busck, A—A new No. Am, genus of Microl. (Glyphipterygidae). 10, xxvii, 46-8. *Dyar, H. G.—Some new American moths. 15, xiii, 1-19. *Engelhardt, G. P.— Studies in No. Am. Aegeriidae. 19, xx, 61-9. *Ehrmann, G. A.—New No. Am. butterflies. 19, xx, 84. *Lindsey, A. W.—The types of Hesperoid genera. 7, xviii, 75-106.
(S) Figueroa, C. S.—Revision de las especies Chilenas del genero Brenthis. 126, xxv, 462-70. Giacomelli, E.— Sobre el genero Dryocampa. 126, xxv, 79-81. *Gschwand- ner, R.—Zwei neue tropische Saturniiden. 18, xix, 7-9. Izquierdo, V.—Observaciones sobre la biologia de la Poly- thisana edmondsi. 126, xxv, 426-32. *LeCerf, F.—Races et formes nouvelles de Morphos. 25, 1925, 46-8. *Neustetter, H.—Neue Heliconius formen. 64, x, 11-14. *Rober, J.— Neue sudamerikanische falter. 49, xiv, 85-100. *Rober, J. —Neue schmetterlinge usw. 60, Ixxxiv, 94-6,
DIPTERA.—Bischoff, W.—Ueber die kopfbildung der dipterenlarven. 111, 1924, A, 8, 1-105. Bischoff, W.—Eine bitte um Blepharoceriden nebst richtlinien fur die sammler. 154, Ixii, 138-43. Bonne-Wepster & Bonne.—Note on the predaceous habits of the larvae of Sabethoides bipartipes. 15, xjii, 32. Crampton, G. C.—A phylogenetic study of the thoracic sclerites of the non-tipuloid nematocerous D. 7, xviii, 49-74. Crampton, G. C.—Phylogenetic study of the labium of holometabolous insects, with particular reference to the Diptera. 10, xxvii, 68-91. Eggers, F.—Ueber die stielaugen der Diopsiden. 89, xlix, Syst., 493-500. Frison, T. H.—Intestinal myasis and the common housefly. 12. xviii, 334-6. Frost, S. W.—Study of the leaf-mining diptera of North America. (Cornell Univ. Mem. 78.) Hall, M. C. —The occurrence of cuterebrid larvae in dogs and cats, and the possible modes of infection. 12, xviii, 331-4. Sur- couf & Guyon.—Recherches preliminaires sur la morphol- ogie et le biologie des larves Oestrides. 24, 1925, 68-72. Townsend, C. H. T.—The inside history of No. Am. myiol- ogy. 6, xxxili, 1-10.
(N) *Curran, C. H.—Revision of the gen. Neoascia. (Syrphidae). 10, xxvii, 51-62. *Johnson, C. W.—A new sp. of the genus Gaurax. 5, xxxii, 47. *Malloch, J. R— A new borborid from Maryland. 19, xx, 97. *Shannon, R. C.—The syrphid-flies of the subf. Ceriodinae in the USN. M. ‘Coll.'15, x11, 48-52.
exxvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 191
(S) *Dyar, H. G.—A new Sabethid from Panama. Some new mosquitoes from Colombia. III. Note on the occur- rence of tropical American Mansonia. Note on bromeli- colous Anopheles. Some mosquitoes from Ecuador. The subgen. of Mansonia, 15, xiii, 20-1; 21-4; 24-5; 25-7; 27-31; 40-3. *Kessel, Q. C.—A synopsis of the Streblidae of the World. 6, xxxiii, 11-34. Porter, C. E.—Sobre algunos Sir- fidos de Chili. 126, xxv, 446-7.
COLEOPTERA.—Chittenden, F. H.— Note on the sweet- potato leaf-beetle and a related Mexican from. 19, xx, 91-2. Cloudman, A. M.—A preliminary report of the Ceram- bycidae foundin . . . Mt. Desert, Maine. (Maine Nat., v, 23-35.) Gadeau de Kerville, H.—Experiences sur la regeneration homomorphe des antennes de Tenebrio moli- tor et la regeneration homomorphe et heteromorphe des antennes de Carausius morosus. 24, 1925, 75-9. Gordon, R. M.—A note on two vesicant beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae.. 149, xix, 47-52. Hintze, A. L.—The be- havior of the larvae of Cotinis nitida. 7, xviii, 31-4. Weiss & West.—Coleoptera in ocean drift. 6, xxxiii, 60.
(N) Champion, G. C.—Notes on various Barids. 8, 1x1, 93-4. *Fall, H. C.—New sps. of Apion and‘ Apteromechus. 19, xx, 85-8. Heikertinger, F.—Die Halticinengenera Bestimmungstabelle der nordamerikanischen gattungen. (Kol. Runds., xi, 54-70.
(S) *Arangua, E. V.—Contribucion al estudio de los Cicindelidae. Los Cincindelidae de Chile. 126, xxv, 28-61. *Barber, H. S.—Two n. sps. of Cent. Am. Melasidae. 10, xxvil, 62-4. *Brethes, J. Description un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espece de Ipidae du Chili, p.433-5. Catalogue synonymique des Coccinellides du Chili, p. 453-6. Sur trois coleopteres Chiliens, p. 457-61. 126, xxv. Campos, F.—Los Cicindelidae del Ecuador. 126, xxv, 448-52. *Champion, G. C.—Additions to the Curculonidae of Costa Rica and Panama. 75, xv, 425-43. *Fisher, W. S.—A revision of the W. Indian C. of the fam. Buprestidae. 50, Ixv, Art. 9. *Moser, J.—Beitrage zur kenntnis der Melolonthiden. 60, Ixxxiv, 114-64. *Ohaus, F.—Neue Geniatinen. (Rutelini- dae). 60, Ixxxiv, 179-86. *Polinski, W.—Neue Clausiliden aus. Peru. (Bul. Intern. Ac. Polonaise. Sc, Let., B, 1921, 121-42.) Porter, C. E.—Notas breves sobre longicornios Chilenos. 126, xxv, 495-501. *Sellnick, M.—Die gattung Sphaeroseius. 49, xiv, 5-11.
192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ June," 25
HYMENOPTERA.—Bertholf, L. M.—The moults of the honeybee. 12, xvii, 380-4. Forbes, W. T. M.—The hypo- thetical wing of the H. 7, xviii, 22-30. Hutson, R.—The honeybee as an agent in the pollination of pears, apples and cranberries. 12, xviii, 387-91. Lovell, J. H.—The bees of Maine. (Maine Nat., v, 7-10.) Park, W.—The storing and ripening of honey by honeybees. 12, xviii, 405-10. Reinhard, E. G.—The wasp Nysson hoplisivora, a parasite relative of Hoplisus costalis. (Jour, Wash. Ac. Sc., xv, 172-7.) Schott, F. M.—(See under Lepidoptera.) Schul- thess, A.— Beitrag zur kenntnis der gattung Alastor. (Ves- pidae.) 56, iv, 57-65. Weber, H.—Der thorax der hornisse. 89, xlvi1, Anat., 1-100.
(N) *Brues, C. T.—Some species of the genus Leucospis. 5, xxxli, 23-9. *Rohwer, S. A.—Five braconid parasites of the genus Heterospilus. (Jour. Wash. Ac. Se., xv, 177-82.) *Viereck, H. L.—New gen. and sps. of Ichneumonoidea in the Canadian Nat. Coll. 4, lvii, 71-8.
(S) *Brethes, J—Hymenopteres nouveaux du Chili. 126, xxv, 128-9. *Herbst, P—Nuevos Pompilidos Chilenos, 126, xxv, 148-51. *Porter, C. E—Un nuevo Braconido Chileno. 126, xxv, 26-7. *Santschi, F.—Revision du genre Acromyr- mex. 124, xxx1, 355-98.)
SPECIAL NOTICES.
Egyptian Diptera, A Monograph of Family Trypaneidae. By H.C. Efflatoun. Mem. Soc. R. Ent. Egypte, Vo. 2, Fase. 2. This paper of 132pp, 5pls, (2 colored), altho treating of Egyptian species of this family may prove valuable to American students of this group of flies.
OBITUARY.
PAuL REVERE Myers, in charge of the Hessian Fly Labora- tory of the Federal Bureau of Entomology, at Carlisle, Penn- sylvania, died February 12, 1925. He was born at Harrisburg, in the same state, February 15, 1888, and served in the Penn- sylvania Bureau of Economic Zoology, in the United States National Museum and, from 1914, in the federal Bureau of Entomology. We take these data from an obituary notice in the April, 1925, issue of the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, which includes a list of seven papers on parasitic Hymenoptera of which he was author.
URTON COUNTY, NORTHERN ONTARIO
ect in all orders. Many interesting specimens, and probably vy, to be | found there. Especially in Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemip-
, and Coleoptera, Will visit in June. All mail will be forwarded. Cor- nce answered promptly.
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ply at very reasonable prices almost any species of natural history ens wanted. Collectors in Angola, Mozambique, Madagascar, Rhodesia, Aden, Guinea, India, Ceylon, Siam, Indo-China, China, Cameroun, Congo, Australia, Samoa, ndies, Java, Celebes, South and Central America, Mexico, Canada, etc. Correspon- invited. Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, insects preserved in alcohol for ction purposes, Odonata and Cicadas a specialty.
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From Colombia, South America: Le b OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING a
Morpho cypris Morpho amathonte ‘i sulkowskyi Caligo spp. From Cuba: 1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING ag aa Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali andraemon Erinyis guttalaris — * celadon : Protoparce brontes, etc. “ devilliersi . From Venezuela: From New Guinea | Over 5000 Lepidoptera 2000 Coleoptera 200 Dynastes hercules 200 Orthoptera
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philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi And Many Other Showy Species ‘a From Tibet (Bhutan) : a Armanaia lidderdalii Parnassius hardwicki
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Plate V.
XXXVI.
News, VOL.
ENT.
NEW ABERRANT RHOPALOCERA.—GUNDER.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
No.
VoL. XXXVI PULY);,.1925 7 CONTENTS Gunder—Several New Aberrant Lepi- 1D} 1300) 6 Vink Aenean ee OSC carers 209 doptera (Rhopalocera) ............ 193 | Gunder—Lower California (Mexico) Alexander—Undescribed Species of | Open to Entomologists..........- 211 Crane-Flies trom the Eastern Uni- Cresson—Another Record for the Fe- ted States and Canada (Dipt.: Ti- male of Glutops singularis (Dipt : BRUILCLAC)) SEAT Cals. clea, ole cicicieisis\s waieeZOO Leptidae) i ocecesgess tay tassdae seer 2u Harris—4 New Species of Nabidae Felt—New York State Collections cf (Costa) from the Western United INSECUSH cies Spools erotica s eiatereiat tees Grats 211 States (Hemiptera)................ 205 | Entomological Literature.............. 212 Champlain and Knull—A New Species Review—Snodgrass on Anatomy and of Lepturges (Cerambycidae, Cole- Physiology of the Honeybee. P 219 Gye) Hopnooeosunooccoogonddrnodeo 207 | Doings of Societies—Kans3s Entomo- Editorial—A Reminder for Collectors logists Organize State Society. ... 22° GIPUMSCEES facta evatelercsielelefe,<)o:e1e)-ia\<icisleve:s 208 | Obituary—George Charles Griffiths.... 222 INOtice;tovAUthOrs:. |: c-)'..ce ces oes esis 2.8 / Mod sie Chute dd aoAbaoopeosec 222 A New Process for Preventing the Rav- Eugene Simon.............. 222 ages of the Clothes Moth (Lepid.: Dr. Leopold Melichar...... 224 TIGIGE( So age + Se non epecapeOeueeee 208 M. Dyelcho Ilcheff.........- 224 AnExpedition to Pacific Tropical Amer. 209 M.P Wytsman and Giovan- ni Battista: Grassi. <<. =< <1 224
Hull—Dipterological Work in South
Several New Aberrant Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera). By J. D. Gunner, Pasadena, California. (Plate V.)
The time is rapidly approaching when American collectors should take more interest in aberrant Lepidoptera. For the present, we are “busy working over varieties, revising lists, and generally slighting aberrations,’ as one entomologist re- cently indicated; but he adds, “the territories of the United States will eventually become limited leaving only forms and aberrations as a source of study”; which is true, for this is the condition now found in England and Continental Europe.
Tucked away in the larger private and museum collections over the country are wonderful and valid, single and duplicate specimens of aberrant rhopalocera which should be gotten out and described, and what is more important—ILLUSTRATED, so that our coming students and patient check-list makers will have definite figures to go by in establishing limitations, de- grees of variation and possible causes. Colored plates are not really necessary, as clear black and white half-tones serve the purpose just as well; but, by all means, figure new specimens,
19S
194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’25
because everyone translates descriptions differently and “types” or their reproductions are still the best and last Court of Ap- peal. When the species already has a named aberration, be sure that the lines of demarcation in new ones are sufficiently out of range. One should follow precedent in this regard and a study of the existing characteristic variants in the particular genus is necessary. Van. cardui, Ag. antiopa and our Western Euph. chalcedona make a good basis for study and establish adequate boundaries of description. To date, eight standard aberrations of the last named are figured in J. A. Comstock’s “California Butterflies.”
I have always considered the so-called uncommon or rarely occurring “color forms,’ as aberrations and therefore describe them under that term. For example, the yellow Euphydryas figured in this paper. Eventually thru the decades, if these become prevalent, they would be moved up a step in rank to the grade of form. Thus under change by evolution (climate, food-plant, etc.) or chance reversional tendency, many aber- rations possibly become forms, forms become varieties or races, and races perhaps full species. When more kinds or types of aberrations are found and become known by legitimate and unslighting descriptions, they will be divided into grades and the grades into degrees. This work will be just as important to the student of the future, as is now our proper division of a species.
All figures on this plate have been reduced in size. The colors are fair reproductions.
1. Heodes heteronia Bdv. (fig. la), ab. ¢ coloradensis nov. aberr. (fig. 1). Upper side. Normal. Under side. (fig. 1) Primaries: The two submarginal rows of black spots joined in pairs in black thru their respective interspaces. Secondaries: Inner row of black spotting heavier
and elongated thru interspaces; otherwise normal. Expanse: 38 mm.
Data: Holotype ¢, (Author’s Coll.), Plain View, Colorado. July, 1924.
aocxvi, °25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195
2. Plebeius monticola Clem. (fig. 2a), ab. 2? malcolmi nov. abetra(tig, 2).
Upper side. Primaries: Normal except for a submarginal, narrow border of orange parallel with outer margin, wider at inner angle and indistinct at apex, somewhat similar and com- parable to that found on P. neurona. Secondaries: Orange band very wide and bright, occupying nearly one-third of outer wing ; spotting normal.
Under side. Primaries: Trace of orange between outer margin and first row of black spots. Secondaries: Orange area equally enlarged as on upper side. Expanse: 29 mm.
Data: Holotype °, (Author’s Coll.), Ridge Route, Los An- geles County, California, May 30, 1922.
Named for Mr. Geo. Malcolm, Los Angeles, California.
Note; Figure 2a is Clemence’s “type female,” first time illus- trated. P. acmon is found on the plains and lower hills. P. monticola only in the mountains. An intergrade had been noted found flying with P. chlorina and P. neurona and named form carolynae. As yet no intergrade has been found between P. monticola and P. neurona. If this specimen was a form be- tween these two, it is doubtful if the orange band would be so wide on the secondaries, hence it may be safely termed an aberration.
3. Atrytonopsis edwardsi B. & Mc.D. (fig. 3a, under side), ab. ¢ polingi nov. aberr. (fig. 3, under side).
The primaries are normal. The secondaries are immaculate with entire lack of spotting on either upper or under side. Expanse: 40 mm.
Data: Holotype ¢, (Author’s Coll.) Baboquivari Moun- tains, Pima County, Arizona, July 22, 1924.
Named for Mr. O. C. Poling.
Note: Normal specimens generally have two rows of spots on the secondaries, occasionally some have only several or an indication, rarely are they immaculate.
4. Euphydryas chalcedona Dbly. & Hew., ab. ? omniluteo- fuscus nov. aberr. (fig. 4, under side).
All the red shades of both upper and under sides replaced by yellow-brown color; the maculation is normal. Expanse: 47 mm.
196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, *25
Data: Holotype ?, (Author’s Coll.), Santa Monica, Los An- geles County, California, May 30, 1924.
Note: Peculiarity of changed color very similar to ab. fo.i of Euph. rubicunda and ab. pasadenae of Euph. gabbi. Euph. chalcedona is one of the very commonest fliers in California, yet this color aberration is extremely rare in collections as yet.
5. Euphydryas chalcedona Dbly. & Hew., ab. d¢ hemiluteo- fuscus nov. aberr. (fig. 5, under side). Primaries: Normal red color as in typical specimens. Secondaries: Normal red color replaced by yellow-brown, as in ab. ommilutcofuscus, described above. Expanse: 45 mm.
Data: Holotype d, (Author’s Coll.), Altruas, Modoé County, California, May 30, 1924.
Note: Comparably worthy of recognition with ab. supra- migella and ab. fusisccunda in the chalcedona group.
6. Rhabdoides cellus Bdy. & Lec. (half-fig. 6a), ab, ¢ aereo- fuscus nov. aberr. (fig. 6).
Normal specimens of cellus and pseudocellus are black or near black. The black on this specimen, including the antennae and body parts, is replaced by bronze-hrown. The band of gold across the primaries, costal margin white marks and fringes remain normal. Expanse: 46 mm.
Data: Holotype ¢ (Author’s Coll.), Baboquivari Moun- tains, Pima County, Arizona, July 15, 1924.
Note: I would be glad to hear from collectors of -Eastern Hesperiidae regarding Mexican cellus, to find out if this is a drift north or not. This specimen is fresh and not faded. The types of pseudocellus are in my collection. They are of the same dark color as cellus. The bronze color of this specimen does not show up as well as it might on the plate.
7. Euphydryas anicia Dbldy. & Hew., var. capella Barnes (half-fig. Za), ab. d oslari nov. aberr. (Fig. 7).
Upper side. Normal specimens of capella are in three colors —black, red and yellow. In this aberration, there are only two —hblack and red. A study of its remarkable character reveals the fact that the black has taken over the entire spaces usually devoted to yellow, and at the same time kept its own original maculation. This is especially noticeable around the red cell
makxvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 197
spots and the former position of the rows of yellow spots on the secondaries.
Under side. As above, all yellow maculation becomes black instead, with original black and red in unchanged position. Expanse: 42 mm.
Data: Holotype ¢, (Author’s Coll.), Platte Canyon, Colo- rado, July, 1924. Named for Mr. E. J. Oslar, Denver, Colorado.
8. Euphydryas sierra Wright (half-fig. 8a), ab. ¢ magde- lenae nov. aberr. (fig. 8).
Upper side. Primaries: Row of much elongated red spots in interspaces at outer margin, caused by lack of first submar- ginal black line found in normal specimens; followed by usual row of yellow spots and crescents in black; yellow and red maculation of discal and basal areas conspicuous for not being bounded with black lines; black veining more noticeable due to lack of transverse black marks. Secondaries: Series of elongated red spots at outer margin as in primaries; however, the elongation extends inward and includes the position occu- pied by the row of yellow spots which are absent; followed by a complete, well defined row of round red spots partially rimmed in black; interspaces of discal area from costal to inner margins wholly yellow only cut by black of veining and two dashes of red at extremity of cell; normal black area in base.
Under side. Similar degree of change, as above noted, espe- cially near base of secondaries. Expanse: 45 mm.
Data: Holotype 3, (Author’s Coll.), Glen Alpine Creek, El Dorado County, California, May 10, 1921.
Named for Mrs. J. E. Cottle of San Francisco, California, whose ready welcome and kind encouragement are always ap- preciated by her many West Coast entomological friends.
Note: Ab. umbrobasana, as its name indicates, is a more melanic aberration of sierra, and several degrees opposite to magdelenae. Vhe Author has a splendid specimen of umbro- basana, Euph. sierra and Euph. chalcedona olancha are the best two Euphydryas that Mr. Wright turned up in California.
9. Pieris napi L. var. castoria Reak. (hali-fig. 9a), ab. d cottlei nov. aberr. (fig. 9). Single small black spot on primaries greatly enlarged, filling
198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’
interspace and bullet-shaped, pointing inward ; trace of suffused spotting in two interspaces directly below, shading. out and all connected, making the whole appear like a large “comma mark” on the wing of the specimen. A faint spot is noticeable at costal margin near outer angle on the secondaries. Both sexes of castoria in its various spring and summer broods are before the Author. Expanse: 48 mm.
Data: Holotype ¢, (Author’s Coll.), Anderson Springs, Lake County, California, May 5, 1919.
Named for Mr. J. E. Cottle, San Francisco, Calif., one of the few remaining older California collectors.
10. Vanessa virginiensis Dru. (half-fig, 10a), ab. d massa- chusettensis nov. aberr. (fig. 10).
Upper side. Primaries: Ground color, a deeper brown; all black markings more dense ; apical area solid black with all the usual white marks absent; lines along outer margin disappear in a solid black border. Secondaries: As in primaries, the ground color is deeper and the black markings more dense, especially noticeable at outer angle.
Under side. Primaries: Apical area brown-black with no white markings ; red area very bright in contrast to the brown- black. Secondaries: Usual clear white designs very faint in a lighter shade of brown.
Head, legs and body parts dark brown, instead of partly white. Expanse: 46 mm.
Data: Holotype 3, (Author’s Coll.), Southampton, Massa- chusetts, July 20, 1923.
Credit for the capture of this specimen goes to Mr. A. R. Lewis, Jr., Southampton, Massachusetts.
Note: Ab. fulvia Dodge, erroneously described as perhaps the early spring form of that locality, is simply a less darkly marked specimen, smaller and paler. Ab. ahwashee Fox, proves relationship with Van. carye muelleri and Van. cardui elynn. Mr. H. S. Sims, in the Entom. News, XXV, p. 33, 1914, notes a female aberration which seems melanic like massachusettensis. The absence of white spots makes massachusettensis a note- worthy addition to this species.
xxxvi, 725] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199
11. Junonia coenia Hbn. (half-fig. lla), ab. ? schraderi nov. auerk.(fe.: 11),
Upper side. Primaries: Entire wing clouded over with the ground color, completely obliterating lines at outer margin; ocelli areas blurred leaving no trace of design or blue center color as is found in the darkest form nigrosuffusa; no white band around ocelli extending to outer margin, but a semblance of lighter shading from ocelli to sex mark; no black borders around the red cell spots as is noticeable in form mgrosuffusa and typical coenia; basal and cell areas with a darker ground color; in form mgrosuffusa there is no blurring of the ocelli on the primaries, they are submerged in appearance, yet dis- tinct in design. Secondaries: Single dark line at base of fringes on outer margin; followed by a narrow, lighter border or series of lunate interspace areas to position of original sub- marginal lines which are absent, a slightly darker ground color taking their place; both ocelli less sharply defined with no blue color, yet rimming of black in heavy contrast.
Under side. Primaries: No lines at outer margin; apical area clear slate-brown color; ocelli fused and blurred out of recognition; maculation of cell and near cell areas indistinct. Secondaries: All lines indistinct.
This aberration compares favorably with certain illustrations of Van io ab. belisaria Obthr. by Dr. M. Standfuss. Expanse: 50 mm.
Data: Holotype ?, (Author’s Coll), Los Angeles, California, May 17, 1910.
Named for Mr. Wm. Schrader, Los Angeles, California.
Note: Mr. Schrader has experimented for many years with breeding J. coenia. Distortion or lack of ocelli has been the principal results of inbreeding under hot or cold, dry and moist air. He has published several papers. This last year the Author went over some seven thousand coenia bred for com- mercial purposes and found no real aberrations in the lot, aside from joined ocelli, distortions and the like, which goes to show that aberrations in this species are rarely occurring indeed. This specimen is the only aberration which Mr. Schrader pro- duced in years and years of experiment. His object in experi- menting with coenia was to show cause and effect. The species is easily raised.
200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’25
12. Papilio eurymedon Bdv., form albanus Feld., ab. ¢ cocklei nov: aberr. (fig. 12).
Upper side. Primaries: Wholly jet black with veins shiny black. Secondaries: Jet black as in primaries, except for row of blue spots, much reduced thru limbal area, only the lower ones showing; the long hairs parallel with inner margin are erey color and contrast with the jet black ground color.
Under side. All maculations of typical specimens are in evidence, the lighter portions being a smoky reddish grey; orange lunules at anal angle wholly obscured ; row of blue spots reduced in size and narrow. Expanse: 93 mm.
Data: Holotype dg, (Author’s Coll.) Kaslo, British Columbia, Canada, May 24, 1924.
Named for Mr. J: Wm. Cockle, Kaslo, B. C., Canada.
Note: Southern California Pap. eurymedon have cream- white or yellow markings. Those of Northern California, north to Canada and thru the Rockies generally have pure white maculation. These latter, I should judge to be the form albanus. They are smaller specimens. I have some in which the black submarginal band extends inward covering nearly one-half the wing, and all white maculatiom is much reduced.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.
The numbers of the figures on this plate correspond to the numbers placed in front of the species in the text.
Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the Eastern United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipulidae). Part I.
By Craries P, ALEXANDER, Amherst, Massachusetts.*
The new species of crane-flies described at this time were chiefly included in extensive collections that were sent to me hy Professor J. Speed Rogers, head of the Department of Biology, University of Florida at Gainesville, Florida. The flies are described at this time in order to make the names available for the forthcoming state lists by Professor Rogers. I am very greatly indebted to the collector for many favors
*Contribution from the Department of Entomology, Massachusetts Agricultural College.
sxxyi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 201
and kind co-operation in making known the crane-flies of the Eastern United States. The types have been returned to Pro- fessor Rogers.
Antocha (Antocha) obtusa sp.n.
General coloration ochreous, the rostrum dark; mesonotal praescutum with a median brown stripe; wings with macro- trichiae on the distal sections of veins M, + 5 and Mz; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle chitinized, the apex obtuse.
3. Length about 4.8 mm.; wing 5.5 mm. &. Length about 5.2 mm.; wing 6 mm.
Rostrum dark brown, the palpi a trifle paler brown. Anten- nae dark brown throughout. Head grey, paler posteriorly.
Pronotum yellowish above, darker medially. Mesonotum pale yellowish ochreous, the praescutum with a conspicuous median brown stripe,. darkest in front, becoming paler behind and obsolescent before the suture; lateral stripes very indis- tinct, reddish. Pleura reddish ochreous, in the female very sparsely pruinose. Halteres pale, the knobs a little infuscated.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters testaceous ochreous ; remainder of the legs pale brown, gradually darkening out- wardly; the tarsi dark brown.
Wings opalescent whitish, the veins brown; prearcular region whitish. Macrotrichiae on distal three-fourths of vein Ry + 5 and on the distal sections of MJ, + 5 and Mz, almost through- out their length. Venation: R». + 3 beneath the stigma very faint, beyond the stigma with about four macrotrichiae.
Abdomen brown, the lateral margins of the segments a little paler, the subterminal segments of the male darkened to form a ring; hypopygium and ovipositor pale. Male hypopygium with the dististyles about equal in length, the outer style chit- inized for almost its whole length, bent at about one-third the length, the long, straight terminal portion obtuse at apex. Gonapophyses profoundly bifid as in the genus, the lateral arm a flattened blade, the mesal arm more chitinized apically, slightly expanded before the tip, the apex terminating in a long acute beak, the whole suggesting the head of a ‘bird. Aedeagus distinct.
Habitat—Michigan, New York, Quebec. Holotype: 3, Ann Arbor, Washtenaw County, Michigan, August 24, 1921 (J. Speed Rogers); Coll. No, 12. Allotopotype, °. Paratopo- tvpes, 3%. Paratypes, 1 6, Portage, Wyoming County, New
202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ July,
York, May 24, 1914 (H. H. Knight); 2 d 2 %, P. Golf Club, Quebec, August 14-25, 1924 (G. S. Walley), in Canadian National Collection.
Antocha obtusa is readily told from the other described American species by the obtuse apices of the elongate disti- styles of the male hypopygium.
Dicranota Zetterstedt and RHAPHIDOLABIS Osten Sacken.
The male genitalia of the various species of Dicranota, as well as of the related genus Rhaphidolabis Osten Sacken, offer excellent characters for recognition of the species. The ninth tergite has the caudal margin straight across in some species, or with a very low median lobe; this lobe becomes more conspicuous, though low and obtuse, in R. cayuga Alexander and species of the subgenus Plectromyia, gradually enlarging until, in the tenuwipes group of hapa ( forceps Alex- ander, persimilis Alexander, tenuipes Osten Sacken) it becomes long and slender. The basistyles are relatively stout, and, 1 most species, bear spines or spinous setae at the slightly pro- duced apices; the ventral face is produced ventrad and mesad into a slender finger-like lobe in FR. persimilis and a much larger and stouter one in R. forceps. The two dististyles are very similar in appearance, the outer one being clavate or cylindrical, fleshy, covered with spines or spinous setae; the inner style assumes various shapes in different species and offers excellent characters for the differentiation of otherwise similar species ; in almost all cases this style appears as a more or less flattened blade, the distal portion of which is glabrous and subchitinized.
At the base of the basistyles, on the mesal face, appear two distinct structures that are of prime importance in the dif- ferentiation of species, the first being dorsal in position and thus being apparently homologous with the true interbases as defined by Crampton (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 48: 207-225; 1923) ; these structures, which are here discussed as the dorsal inmtcrbases, lie immediately ventrad of the caudo-lateral angles of the tergite and appear to arise from pale membrane at th’s point. In microscopic slides they even appear to arise fron the extreme caudo-lateral angles of the ninth tergite but mst be considered as being interbasal structures. In the majority of cases they appear as a simple, strongly curved hook, though in a few species (R. cayuga Alexander, R. rubescens Alex- ander) they are large claviform blades that exceed in size the ventral interbases. "Phe second set of interbasal processes lie
mxxvi, /25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203
in a more ventral position at the base of the mesal face of the basistyles and seem to be homologous with the claspettes of the Culicidae ; in the present paper they are discussed as ventral interbases and offer the most convenient and evident structures to be used in the differentiation of species in the Dicranotae. In most forms studied they are larger than the dorsal inter- bases and appear as flattened blades bearing on the face a certain number of small setae; the shape of the blade varies greatly in the different species, in Ik. persimilis and R. forceps being deeply bifid or tong-shaped. It should be noted that in some species of Dicranota and Rhaphidolabis, one or both of the interbasal processes appears to be lacking or at least re- duced to a microscopic tubercle. The gonapophyses usually closely subtend the aedeagus, the phallosome appearing as a depressed, compact, subquadrate, central mass, with the lateral angles and the apex of the aedeagus free.
Dicranota divaricata sp.n.
Related to D. noveboracensis Alexander, differing chiefly in the structure of the male hypopygium; ventral interbasal process a slender straight rod with the apex obtuse; phallosome quadrate, the gonapophyses directed caudad and laterad as slender divergent horns.
3. Length 4.5 — 5 mm.; wing 6.3 — 7 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae short in both sexes, brown throughout, the flagellar segments a trifle paler than the scape. Head clear gray.
Mesonotal praescutum gray with four grayish brown stripes, the long intermediate pair separated from one another by a capillary vitta; scutum gray, the centers of the lobes grayish brown; scutellum light brown; postnotum darker brown, sparsely pruinose. Pleura dark brown, gray pruinose, the dorso-pleural membrane a little brighter. Halteres brownish testaceous, the base of the stem yellowish.
Legs with the coxae brownish gray, paler at tips; tro- chanters pale yellow; remainder of legs brown, the femoral bases vaguely paler.
Wings with a very pale brown tinge, the slightly darker stigma oval; veins darker brown. Venation: Sc, extending to one-third the distance between r and the outer deflection of Ro ; Rs feebly angulated; Ro + a little longer than 7; outer de- flection of Rs» slightly oblique in position, less than its length from the tip of Ry + 2; distance between ry and the outer deflection of Ry greater than the terminal section of As alone; cell M, present; m absent; m-cu about its length beyond the
fork of M.
204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS aly es
Basal abdominal tergites reddish brown, the more distal seg- ments darker; caudal margins of the intermediate segments narrowly and inconspicuously yellowish; sternites similar, the lateral margins paler. Male hypopygium with the basistyles stout; ventral interbasal process a slender, straight rod, the apex obtuse. Phallosome a central quadrate mass, the caudo- lateral angles with the gonapophyses produced into slender divergent horns, the aedeagus a little longer and stouter, occu- pying a median position.
Habitat—North Carolina. Holotype: ¢, Guilford College, Guilford County, March 13, 1918 (J. Speed Rogers) ; Coll. No. 31. Paratopotypes, 38%, with the type; 1 ¢, March 11, 1918; Coll. No. 30.
Rhaphidolabis (Rhaphidolabis) rogersiana sp.n.
3. Length about 5.5 mm.; wing 6 — 6.5 mm. %. Length 6 mm.; wing 7 mm,
Closely allied to R. (R.) cayuga Alexander, te which species it would run in existant keys.
General coloration dark gray, the mesonotal praescutum with three still darker leaden gray stripes. Wings with a peculiar milky-white tinge, the stigma pale brown; veins darker brown. Venation: Cell Rs sessile or very short petiolate.
Male hypopygium strikingly different from Fk. cayuga. Median lobe of ninth tergite broad but longer. Produced apex of basistyle with relatively few spines. Dorsal interbases ap- pearing as slender chitinized rods that are bent at a right angle before the tips, the extreme apex deflected into a hawk-like
beak. Ventral interbases appearing as long, flattened, simple blades, broad at base, narrowed gradually to the obtuse apex which is microscopically serrulate.
Habitat-—Michigan. Holotype: 3, Gogebic County, August 9, 1920 (J. Speed Rogers); Coll. No. 72. Allotopotype: $, Paratopoiypes: 2 338, August 10, 1920; Coll. No. 73; 1 8, Ausust, 11) 192): Coll No. Silk
This interesting crane-fly is named in honor of the collector, Professor James Speed Rogers, who has done much toward making known the crane-flies of Eastern North America.
(To be continued)
eR WI 25) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205
A New Species of Nabidae (Costa) from the Western United States (Hemiptera).* By Harpert M. Harris. Nabis lovetti, n. sp.
Oblong-ovate, yellowish brown, marked with fuscous or brown, opaque, sparsely pubescent. Head with median stripe widening anteriorly to base of tylus, two broad lateral stripes (interrupted by eyes), and broad ventral stripe (with lighter medial streak) fuscous to black; eyes reddish brown; antennae with a small brown spot on dorsal surface of segment I at about its middle, segment II at apex, and segments III and IV darker ; rostrum darkened at apex.
Pronotum with a median stripe on anterior lobe black, lateral stripe on anterior lobe (on either side, seen from above) and seven stripes on posterior lobe brown, the latter sometimes obsolete ; pleurites and sternites fuscous to black, bordered with reddish brown. Scutellum yellowish, a central stripe and basal angles darker. Hemelytra opaque, yellowish brown; corium with four dark spots, two on inner (the first somewhat indistinct ) and two on outer vein; membrane fusco-testaceous, veins darker. Legs spotted with brown, tending to a tranverse striping on sides of anterior and intermediate femora.
Abdomen above black, lighter at margin and apex; beneath yellowish brown, marked with pale crimson, a broad median stripe and two broad lateral stripes (one on either side border- ing connexivum) fuscous to black. Connexivum pale, an in- terrupted crimson streak beneath.
Head short, ‘broad, its length two and one-half times width at vertex ; postocular part narrowed posteriorly, its length equal to distance between ocelli. Eyes large, rounded, length of one slightly less than distance between them. Antennae pubescent, about one-half as long as body, segment I shortest, its length slightly less than that of head in front of ocelli, sharply bent upward at base, thickened and slightly curved outward toward apex ; II two-fifths longer than I; III slightly shorter than IT; IV slightly shorter than IIT. Rostrum reaching past anterior coxae, segment I short, thick; II siightly longer than I of an- tennae ; ITI equal to I of antennae; IV one- -half shorter than II.
Pronotum sparsely pubescent, constricted slightly behind the middle, distinctly wider than long, the posterior lobe smooth. Scutellum broader than long. Hemelytra evenly and rather thickly clothed with short recumbent pubescence, the veins prominent. Legs of moderate length; fore femora strongly
* Contribution fr om 1 the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Towa State Coilege, Ames, Iowa.
206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS pitilys nrc
incrassate, densely clothed beneath with short hairs; interme- diate femora moderately incrassate, armed beneath with short, outwardly slanting, piceous, spine-like setae and long hairs. Tibiae enlarged slightly at their apices, beset with stiff setae.
Abdomen beneath clothed with short pubescence and long hairs, the latter arising from near the apical margins of the segments. Connexiyum sharply set off from abdomen.
$: Genital segment large, strongly concave laterally, bilobed at apex, bearing on either side underneath a short, stout, pointed, tooth-like tubercle. Clasper with short narrow stem and long, curved, lance-like blade that ends in a sharp, upward- bending point.
¢: Last segment of venter slightly depressed on either side of broad median stripe, median part (as wide as stripe) pro- duced posteriorly, covering base of ovipositor and_ slightly emarginate. Genital segments short, slightly swollen.
Brachypterous form: WHemelytra reaching scarcely to apex of abdomen; membrane small, elongate, rather sharply rounded at apex, veins prominent. Posterior lobe of pronotum flat. eneth: ¢, 7.5 mm... ¢, / smn.
Macropterous form: Hemelytra reaching beyond apex of abdomen; membrane large, with three elongate cells. Hamus of wing cell arising from connecting vein. Pronotum larger, broader, slightly emarginate at base, and the posterior lobe arched. Length: ¢, unknown, , 8.8 mm.
Holotype: Brachypterous male, Ingleside, California, Dec. 20, 1920, Henry Dietrich collector, in my collection. Allotype and paratype: brachypterous females, same label as holotype, in collection of Dr. H. H. Knight. Morphotype: macropterous female, Corvallis, Oregon, 1918, Professor A. L. Lovett col- lector, in my collection. Paramorphotypes: macropterous fe- male, same label as morphotype, and macropterous female, Car- mel, Monterey County, California, June 27, 1922, in collection of Dr. C. J. Drake and Dr. H. H. Knight.
This species is quite distinct from any hitherto described American Nabid. It has been determined in collections as Nabis flavomarginatus var. vanduzeei Scholtz from which it differs, however, in its more brownish coloring, pubescent heme- lytra, shorter antennae, shorter postocular portion of head, and especially in structure of genital segment of male and female, and copulatory hooks of male. It is named in honor of the late Professor A. L. Lovett who collected the first spertiied of the type series,
SRW 2S | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207
A New Species of Lepturges (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera).
By A. B. CHAMPLAIN and J. N. KNULL*, Pennsylvania Bureau of Plant Industry, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
In working over material of the genus Lepturges, a small specimen unlike any of our described North American species was found, and the description follows.
Lepturges minutus n. sp.
In general form and appearance resembling a very small specimen of L. signatus Lec. Color dark umber, clothed with short fusco-cinerous pubescence, brown on the irregular dark markings of elytra.
Head feebly indented between eyes; eyes large, coarsely granulate, distance between eyes on vertex much less than width of eye at widest point, antennae long, over twice the length of insect.
Prothorax wider than long, posteriorly oblique spines strong, located on basal half, similar to L. signatus Lec., sur- face finely punctate, a transverse row of coarse punctures at base.
Scutellum small, not prominent. Elytra fully twice as long as wide, sides parallel, apices rounded, surface punctate, punctures becoming less prominent near apex, each elytron ir- regularly marked with a dark transverse band at base, a later- al spot midway between this and a transverse band back of middle, and apical transverse band and dark apices.
Femora strongly clavate, prosternum about as wide between coxal cavities as diameter of front tibia at base. Length 2.5 mm.
Holotype, collected at Slidell, Louisiana, July 2, in collection of the authors.
Of the eastern members of the genus, this species resembles L. signatus Lec., but is quite distinct with the much larger eyes, narrower distance between eyes on vertex, and wider proster- num.
*Authors’ names arranged alphabetically.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., JuLy, 1925.
A Reminder for Collectors of Insects.
By the time this number of the News reaches our readers, the summer collecting season will have been under way for some weeks. But because a collecting season of some sort is always with us, July is as appropriate as any other month to remind the collector that the value of his specimens is in pro- portion to the data which he preserves on the labels accom- panying them. It is always necessary to give this advice to some one. The locality, the date, the time of day, the altitude (if the locality alone does not fix this), the nature of the surroundings (inorganic, plant, animal, depending upon the kind of insect collected), the collector’s name—all these are some of the information which a full knowledge of insects
demands.
Notes and News.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE
Notice to Authors.
The attention of Entomologists throughout the world is called to the fact that, beginning with the Volume for 1922, the preparation of the “Insecta” part of the “Zoological Record,” has been undertaken by the Imperial Bureau of En- tomology. In order that the Record may be as complete as it is possible to make it, all authors of entomological papers, especially of systematic ones, are requested to send separata of their papers to the Bureau. These are particularly desired in cases where the original journal is one that is not primarily devoted to entomology. All separata should be addressed to :—
The Assistant Director, Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 41, Queen’s Gate, London, S. W. 7, England.
A New Process for Preventing the Ravages of the Clothes Moth (Lepid.: Tineidae).
Under this title The Entomologist (London) for March, 1925, gives a report of a lecture delivered in that city on Jan- uary 23, by Mr. J. Craft upon the “Incorporation of Eulan into Woolen Textiles and other Fabrics giving Permanent Protec-
208
xaxvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209
tion against Moth Damage.” The discovery of eulan is cred- ited to Dr. Meckbach and the firm of Bayer & Co. Tinea biselliclia was reared on a large scale for the experiments, the resulting information on its life history and bionomics being published in the Zeitschr. d. techn. Biol., x, 168 pp., 91 figs., 1922. The composition of eulan is not stated, but it is used in either a neutral or an acid solution for moth-proofing clot prior to or at the same time as the dyeing. A benzene-soluble form of eulan is also marketed by means of which articles may be eulanized when they are cleaned.
An Expedition to Pacific Tropical America.
Professor G. F. Ferris, of the Department. of Zoology of Stanford University, will sail from Los Angeles about the middle of July, accompanying a small party on board a private yacht for a year of travel along the west coast of Mexico, Central America and South America. The party will be en- gaged primarily in geological exploration in Venezuela and Colombia but some time will be spent in Mexico and numerous short stops will be made at Central American ports and along the west coast of South America as far south as Chile. Pro- fessor Ferris will devote his time entirely to the collecting of insect material especially in the groups composed of small and obscure forms, such as the Coccidae, Aphidae, Aleyrodidae, Chermidae, the mites and similar types.
For the purposes of the expedition a fifty-five foot auxiliary schooner has been obtained, which the party, consisting of four, will themselves navigate.
Dipterological Work in South Dakota.
The writer was engaged during the summer of 1924 in a faunistic study of the Diptera of South Dakota, under the direction of Prof. H. C. Severin of the Zoology-Entomology department, South Dakota State College. The purpose of this article is merely to indicate some of the interesting pre- liminary results of a study, a complete report of which is to be made later by that department, and which will be of no little interest to the Dipterists of the country.
This survey was made by auto, in company with Prof. E. C. O’Roke, of that department. The trip extended over about three thousand miles and included all the different areas of the state. The state is peculiarly fortunate in the number of different zones which it exhibits and the variety of conditions presented. As was perhaps to be expected, the subalpine re- gion of te Black Hills,,has yielded probably the most in the
210
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
[July, ’25
way ofiunusual records and the writer has at hand some eco- logical observations that should be of considerable impor- tance in connection with these forms,
Due perhaps to the diversity of environments in the state, it was possible to obtain a total of species which compares fa- vorably with the New Jersey list and the recent Oregon list. -The approximate number of species amounted to one thou- sand, and these included fifty-one out of a possible fifty-four families, as based upon the Aldrich catalogue list, and not considering recent family divisions.
Below is appended a tabular account of the different fami-
lies with the estimated total of species.
This estimate, while
made by the writer after a cursory though careful examina- tion, is yet a conservative statement.
Estimated Number of Species Found in Each Family :
Pupulicdaeys/: 45 /aeakehas ss 38 DD iidae eat. ee Mae 2 Chironomidae’ See 1a 22, 58 Psychodidae 02) Piot) set 3 Citicidae tienes i: aes 6 Mycetaphilida@®’ 2.1.0.2. 20 Peomichidae sy) 0s 4 eee 3 Bibionidae = ic oe ate oe 4 Simulndacrs. 2. at. eae as 5 INEISO PICA ere 2 se cso ee 1 Strattomyidae. ... ete 24 aabaiidae™ Was. seer eeu 15 Kihagionidae\ mea. soe ees 6 iINemestrimidader ys. ses. 1 Oncodidag.." . era oe: 1 Bombylucemrs ” 0 St 26 Therevitlaess: ue eet ae 5 Oniphiralidac’ 15a apes 2 Mydaidae ti ia tuece ae 1 Asilidae “722 Ja 88s eee s 43 Dolichopodidae: ies ese 56 Mimpididae ica: eee 31 Lonchopteridae’ uaa. 1 IPhordaesy Fee ee 4 Ghythatdaie SOc ea ae 2 Doryisiddet ae Nt eae 4s 10
Syrphidadint® Wee en 85 Qestricktew he 21) eer 1 Tachimidger.oitrs. dace 95 Dexitdae Yu.) Fa See 5 Sarcophagidae * 7/07. 20 Muserdter tt tthe 5 cee 18 AMENONIVIGAC Museen 102 Scatophaeidde” 2 eee + Clusiidae ." i wee ears 1 Hielomyzidae’ =... a: & wee 10 Borboridac sn. ae lig sciomyzidae”<.... >; aaa ay Sapromiy zZidac Sea. eas 31 Ortalidae oa. ee 2 ee 33 Trypaneidae (ANN eee 22 Micropezidae= (eee 8 Sepsidae tO. yee anee ee 10 PSilidae e121") Fie ieee 5 Diopsidae 2's Saree Weaiete 1 Bphydridae "ft eeeaes 18 Chloropidaes 0: Sea 45 Conopiddes: (toa. ae 17 Drosophilidae 14 Geomyztdde Thy hierar Agromyzidae?')..! 22k LG Gta Lea e 977 species.
F. M. Hutt, Dept. Entomology, Ohio State Univ. Columbus, Ohio.
PMOKVI, 1/25 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 20
Lower California (Mexico) Open to Entomologists.
A good dirt motor road has recently been completed into Lower California south of San Diego. Lower California is practically a new field for Entomologists in all orders. June or early July is perhaps the best time. There is no strict red tape to undergo with the Mexican authorities in crossing the border. The road leads south of San Diego, 86 miles to Ensen- ada, thence on 120 miles to a Ranch House where meals and accommodation can be had at reasonable prices. Entomologists contemplating visiting California might take this trip under ad- visement.—J. D. GuNpER, Pasadena, California.
Another Record for the Female of Glutops singularis (Dipt.: Leptidae).
While collecting in a woods along Dismal Run, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, last April 18th, I captured what I thought was a species of the Leptid genus Symphoromvyia fly- ing near a leaf covered brook. Upon examination in my study a few days later, I found it to be a female of Glutops singularis Burgess. This is the second record of the capture of this sex. The few published records of this rare species may be found in C. W. Johnson’s article on the record and description of the female (Psyche, xxvii, p. 153, 1920) from which we glean that the species has been found in Massachusetts, New Hamp- shire, Connecticut, and British Columbia. It would be inter- esting to hear of other records of this fly—E. T. Cresson, Jr.
New York State Collections of Insects.
The Erastus Corning collection of Lepidoptera has been transferred to the custody of the New York State Museum by a recent vote of the Executive Committee of the Albany Insti- tute and Historical and Art Society, title of said collection however to remain with the Society. The Corning collection of Lepidoptera comprises somewhat over 4000 specimens, the Sphingidae, the Catocalas, and the Bombycidae being particu- larly well represented. There are also a number of magnificent, exotic Lepidoptera, mostly Rhopalocera.
This action places a magnificent collection where it will be given suitable care and moreover brings under one roof the work of three early, enthusiastic entomologists, namely, Messrs. J. A. Lintner, W. W. Hill and Erastus Corning, all co-laborers in the latter part of the last century. The Lintner collection is particularly strong in the Noctuidae, though it contains many
212 ENTOMOLOGICAI. NEWS Puly, 25
other forms collected by Dr. Lintner during the earlier. years of his entomological activities. The Hill collection comprises some 10,000 specimens representing over 3000. species, the Nymphalidae, the Lycaenidae, the Hesperidae, the Sphingidae and the Noctuidae being particularly well represented. An account of this last collection and a list of the species is given in N. Y. State Museum Bulletin 124, pages 61 to 117, 1908. EK. P. Feit, Albany, New York.
———<»——
Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including “Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph beginning with (N). hose pertaining to Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceeded by an * :
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
4—Canadian Entomologist. 5—Psyche. 6—The Ento- mologist’s Monthly Magazine. 9—The Entomologist. 10— Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 14—Entomologische Zeit., Frankfurt a.M. 15—Insecutor-Ins. Menstruus. 1/7—Ent. Rundschau, Stuttgart. 18—Internationale Entomolog. Zeit., Guben. 21—The Entomologist’s Record. 22—Bulle- tin of Ent. Research. 25—-Bull., Soc. Ent. France, 26— Ent. Anzeiger, Wien. 33—Bull. et Annal. Soc. Ent. Bel- gique. 45—Zeit. f. Wissenschftl. Insekentb., Berlin. 48— Wiener Entomol. Zeitung. 50—Proc. U. S. National Mus. 55—The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 58—Entomolog. Be- richten, Holland. -63—Deutsche Ent., Zeit, “iris... 64—— Zeit., Oesterr. Ent. Ver., Wien. 68—Science. 71—Novi- tates Zoologicae. 75—Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 78—Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique. 101—Biolog. Bull., Woods Hole, Mass. 104— Zeit. f. wissen. Zool., Leipzig. 105—Proc., Biol. Soc. Wash- ington. 106—An. Soc. Cien. Argentina. 107—Biologisches Zentralblatt. 108—Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 111— Archiv. f. Naturg., Berlin. 113—Jour. Agric. Research, Washington. 126—Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 130—Ohio
cai 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213
Jour. of Sciences. 133—Jour. Experimental Zool. 141— Amer. Naturalist. 144—Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., Paris. 151— Oc. Pap., Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.. 152—U. S. Dept. Agric. 153—Bull., Mus. Nat. Hist. Naturelle, Paris. 154—Zoolog. Anzeiger.
GENERAL.—Berlese, A.—Gli insetti, Vol. 2, Fasc. 42-61, p. 849—fine vol. 11.. Bristowe, W. S.—Sound production by insects. (Nature, London, cvx, 640-1.) Bruhn, S.—An- schwemmen von insekten am meersstrand. 18, xix, 22-4. Clement, H.—Effluves a haute frequence et la capture des insectes. (Assoc. Franc. Avsn. Sci., Ses. 45, p. 724.) Cuno, W.—Erfolge und misserfolge in der raupenzucht. (Buchb. Ent. Zeit., 1924/25, 22-8.) _Descy, A.—La vie sociale chez les insectes. 144, viii, 87-104. Ferris, G. F—Content of systematic biology. (Sci. Monthly, xx, 653-8.) Hepp, A.— Sammelpraxis in fruheren zeiten. (Buchb. Ent. Zeit. F. a.M., 1924/25, 29-46.) Houard, C.—Collection cecidolo- gique du laboratoire entomologique du museum de Paris. (Assoc. Franc. Avan. Sci., Ses. 44, 1925, 304-6.) Jeffrey, E. C.—Polyploidy and origin of species. 141, lix, 209-17. Kennedy, C. H.—Distribution of certain insects of re- versed behavior. 101, xlviii, 390-401. Knoch, V.—Einige practische winke fur die sammlung. 18, xix, 38. Krausse, A.—“Staat” und “Recht.” 18, xix, 28-9. Lutz, F. E.—New insect groups in the American Museum. (Nat. Hist., xxv, 127-35.) Mortensen, T.—Some observations on protective mimicry. (Treubia, vi, 207-11.) Poche, F.—Zur begrund- ung dreier antrage zwecks einschrankung der zahl der namensanderungen und Abschaffung des liberum veto in der Internationalen nomenklaturkommission. 111, A, 6, 75-155. Porter, C. E.—Plantas que sirven de trampas a los insectos. 126, xxvii, 193. Poulton, E. B.—Insecta of the Falkland Islands. (The Falkland Islands By V. E. Boyson. Oxford, 1924, p. 362-71.) Rabaud, E.—Les phe- nomenes de convergence en biologie. 78, Suppl. vii, 1925, 165 pp. Shreve, F.—Ecological aspects of the desert of California. (Ecology, vi, 93-103.) Simon, E.—Discours ‘prononces aux obeseques de, 153, 1924, 426-9. Visher, S. S.—Tropical cyclones from an ecological viewpoint. (Ecology, vi, 117-22.) Weiss, H. B—Insect food habit ratios on Quelpart Island. 5, xxx, 92-4.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC.— Gates, R. R.—Species and chromosomes. 141, lix, 193-200. Glaser, R. W.—Hydrogen ion concentrations in the blood
214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, °25
of insects. (Jour. Gen. Phys., vii, 599-2.) Goldschmidt, R.—Problem der geschlechtsbestimmung. (Der Naturf., ii, 57-63, (cont.) Hering, M.—Regenerationserschein- ungen in minetigangen. (Mikrokosm., xviii, 161-6.) Mor- gan, Bridges, Serf eveney Genetics of Drosophila. (Bib- liogr. Genetica, The Hague, Dec. 2, 1-262.) Nath, V.—Cell inclusions in the oogenesis of scorpions. (Proc. -R. See London, Ser. B, xcviii, 44-58.) Ostenfeld, C. H.—Some remarks on species and chromosomes. 141, lix, 217-18. Paillot, A—Le probleme de equilibre naturel chez les in- sectes phytophages. (Rev. Gen. Sci. Pures et Appl., xxxvi, 206-11.) Peacock, A. D.—Animal parthenogenesis in rela- tion to chromosomes and species. 141, lix, 218-24. Pruthi, H. S.—Homologies of the genital ducts of insects. (Na- ture, cxv, 763.) Richardson, C. H.—Oviposition response of insects. (U.S. Dep. Agr. Bul. 1324.) Rosenberg, O.— Chromosomes and species. 141, lix, 205-8.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.—Joseph, C.— Moeurs des araignees. 126, xxvii, 142-4. Kastner, A.— Studien zur ernahrung der arachniden. Die nahrungsauf- nahme einiger Phalangiden. 154, xii, 212-14. Remy, P.— Saignee-reflexé chez uh arachnide,, “Areas pretexus:”
(Assoc. Franc. Avan. Sci., Ses. 45, 664-71.)
(N) *Chamberlin, R. V.—The Ethopolidae of America north of Mexico. (Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool., lvii, 385-437.) *Ferris, G. F.—On two sps. of the genus Halarachne (Gam- asidae). (Parasitol., xvii, 163-72)
(S) *Chamberlin, J. C—On two sps. of pseudoscorpion from Chile . . . . 126, xxvii, 185-192. *Sellnick, M.— Drei Oribata-arten aux Mexico. (Rev. Mex. Bio. ee v, 346-54.) Silvestri, F.—Notizia della presenza del genere Synxenus ((Mynopoda), “an ~ Cataloona. 5. Vo aGusens Mus. Cien. Nat. Barcelona, iv, No. 5.) *Snyder, T. joe New Cuban termite. 10, xxvii, 105-6.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA.—Cleveland, L. R——The feeding habit of termite castes and its relation to their intestinal flagellates. The effects of oxygenation and starvation on the symbiosis between the termite, Termopsis, and its intestinal flagellates. 101, xlviii, 295- 308; 309-26. Dodds, G. S.—Ecological studies of aquatic insects. Adaptations of caddisfly larvae to swift streams. (Ecology, vi, 123-37.) Howe, R. H.—Another instance of the northward migration of Odonata in the spring. 5, xxxii,
Rexvl, 20 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS rap a)
113. Snyder, T. E.—Origin of the castes in termites. 105, XXXvili, 57-68.
(N) *Collins, R. L.—A lower eocene termite from Ten- nessee. (Am. Jour. Sci., 1x, 406-10. Lestage, J. A—Notas trichopt. VIII. Etude du groupe polycentropiden et catal. system. des genres especes decrit depuis 1907 (in Gen. Ins.). 33, Ixv, 93-120.
(S) Martin, R—Sur quelques Odonates dont la presense a A f.) . 6... 126, xxvii, 108-9. .*Navas, L.—Criso- pidos neotropicos. 126, xxvii, 110-6. *Snyder, T. E.—A new Rugitermes from Panama. 108, xv, 197-200.
ORTHOPTERA.—Bodine, J. H.—Effect of temperature on rate of embryonic development of certain Orthoptera. 133, xlii, 91-109.) Criddle, N.—Field crickets in Manitoba, 4, lvii, 79-84.
(N) Hoffmann, C. C. et al—Informe de la comision cien- tifica exploradora de la plaga de la langosta en el estado de Veracruz. (Mon. Inst. Higiene, Mexico, No. 3, 140 pp.)
(S) *Uvarov, B. P.—Two‘new O. from British Guiana. 75, xv, 680-3.
HEMIPTERA.—Hungerford, H. B.—Notes on the giant water bugs. 5, xxxil, 88-91. MacGillavry, D.—Over brachypterisme bij Gerris. 58, vi, 346-52. Riley, C. F. C.— - Some aspects of the general ecology and behavior of the water-strider, Gerris rufoscutellatus. 21, xxxvii, 65-72. (Cont.) WanDuzee, E. P.—Third record for Emphoropsis depressa., p. 155. Luceria tranquilla, p. 185. 55, i.
(N) *Ball, E. D.—Some n. sps. of N. Amer. treehoppers (Membracidae). 108, xv, 200-5. Drake & Hottes.—Five n. sps. and a n. var. of water striders from N. A. (Gerridae). 105, xxxviii, 69-74. *Knight, H. H.—Descr. of a n. gen. and eleven n. sps. of N. Am. Miridae. 4, lvii, 89-97. Descr. of 14 undescribed sps. of Parthenicus (Miridae). 130, xxv, 119-29. Morrison, H.—Classification of scale insects of the subfamily Ortheziinae. 113, xxx, 97-160.
(S) Goding, W.—Synopsis of the Membracidae of Chile. 126, xxvii, 118-23. *Laing, F.—Descr. of two sps. of Coc- cidae feeding on roots of coffee. 22, xv, 383-4. *Metcalf, Z. P.—Notes and descr. of the Cercopidae of Cuba. 5, xxxil, 95-105. *Porter, C. E.—Insecto nuevo de la fam. Bertidae, p. 20-1. Una filoxera nueva? p. 25. Sobre el Gerris Chilensis. p. 38. Phrygilanthus y coccidos, p. 107. 126, xxvii.
216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’25
LEPIDOPTERA.—Dampf, A.—Estudio morphologico del gusano del maguey (Acentrocneme hesperiaris). (Rev. Mex. Biol., iv, 147-59.) Dziurzynski, C—Melanismus und nigrismus bei Zygaena. 64, x, 48-50. Forbes, W. T. M.— Pectinate antennae in the Geometridae. 5, xxxii, 106-12. Giacomelli, E.—Sobre el significado mimetico de las man- chas. ocelares .-. . en Yel ‘wenero -Caligo., ~ 126, (xxvii 16-19. Hayward, K. J.—Migration of butterflies. 9, 1925, 147-9. Meyrick, E.—Wegener’s hypothesis and the distri- bution of micro-lepidoptera. (Nature, cxv, 834-5.) Schoen- ichen—Klassenzimmertechnik beim unterricht in der in- sektenkunde. (Der Naturf., Berlin, 1925-26, 31-3.) Schultz, G. M.—Qualitats—und praparationsfragen. 18, xix, 30-2. Titschack, E.—Untersuchungen uber den temperaturein- fluss auf die kleidermotte. (Tuineola biselliella.) 104, cxxiv, 213-251.
(N) Barnes & Benjamin.—Addenda to notes on some sps. of L. in relation to the Stretch collection. 55, i, 164-9. Robertson, C.—Note on Panurgidae. 5, xxxii, 113. Seitz, A.—Die grossschmetterlinge der erde. Faun. Amer., Lief. 167-168. Vol. 6, p. 417-48. Seitz, A—Das system der schmetterlinge. 17, xlii, 18-20 (Cont.).
(S) *Hoffmann, C..C.—Lepid. nuevos de Mexico. (Rev. Mex. Biol., iv, p. 69-73, 1924.) *LeMoult, E.—Deux races nouvelles de Morpho.du bas Orenoque, Venezuela. 25, 1925, 109-10. *Prout, L. B—Geometrid descript. and notes. 71, xxxii, 31-69. *Schawerda, K.—Eine neue Saturniide aus Columbien. 63, xxxix, 57-8.
DIPTERA.—Bradley, G. H.—Larva of Aedes thibaulti. (Culicidae). 15, xiii, 89-91. MacGregor, M. E.—Mosquitos under winter conditions. 22, xv, 357-8. Rimsky-Korsakow, A. P.—Einige beobachtungen an zweifluglern aus der gat- tung Chionea. 45, xx, 69-76 (Cont.).
(N) *Aldrich, J. Mi.—New Leucopis from San Francisco. 55, 1, 152. *Cole, F. R.—Notes on the dipterous family Therevidae. 4, lvii, 84-8. Enderlein, G—dZur klassifikation der Tabaniden. 154, Ixii, 180-1. *Enderlein, G.—Weitere beitrage zur kenntnis der Simuliiden und ihrer verbreitung. 154, Ix11, 210-11. Frost, 8. W.—A study of the leaf-mining D. of N; Am..,. (Cornell’ Univ5 Ag” Exp. Stay, Miemse73>) Johnson, C. W.—North Am. varieties of Volucella bomby- lans. (Syrphidae). , 5, xxxii, 114-11. *Jordan, K—New Siphonaptera. 71, xxxii, 96-112. *Malloch, J. R.—Ameri-
m<xvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 217
can sps. of the gen. Griphoneura. (Sapromyzidae). 105, xxxvill, 75-8. *Shannon, R. C—Some Am. Syrphidae. 10, xxvil, 107-12. *Shannon, R. C.—Genus Chalcomyia (Syr- phidae). 151, v, 151-3. *Spuler, A.—Studies in No. Am. Borboridae. 4, lvii, 99-104. *VanDuzee, M. C.—Revision Gite NN. Aum. sps. of the. genus:-Argyra...,.. | .° ¢(Doli- chopodidae). 50, Ixvi, Art. 23. *VWanDuzee, M. C.—Doli- chopodids, new or imperfectly known. 55, i, 153-5.
(S) Brethes, J—Proposito de la mosca Melieria fasciata. 126, xxvil, 182-4. *Dyar & Shannon.—New sabethid mos- quito from Panama. (Jour. Wash. Ac. Sc., xv, 234.) Porter, C. E.—Lista de los Sirfidos col. por. H. E. Pinochet en la prov. Bio-Bio, Chili. 126, xxvii, 117. *Shannon, R. C.— Extraordinary adult myrmecophile from Panama. 108, xv,
211-13.
COLEOPTERA.—Champion, G. C.—Metallic colouring of the under surface of the elytra in certaini Col. 8, 1925, 115. Hamilton, C. C.—Studies on the morphology, taxon- omy and ecology of the larvae of holarctic tiger-beetles. 50, Ixv, Art. 17. Hoffmann, A.—Vertikale verbreitung der Caraben und erorterung uber geflugelte Caraben. 26, v, 57-60. Korstian, C. F.—Coincidence between the ranges of forms of western yellow pine, barkbeetle and mistletoe. 68, Ixi, 448. Schnell, Dr.—Aus dem leben der russelkafer. 14, xxxix, 21-2 (Cont.). Sprett u. Levitt Zur kenntnis des inneren geschlechtsapparates der blattkafer. 48, xlii, 39-44. Spruyt, F. J.—Observations on the egg-laying habits of Saxinis saucia (Chrysomelidae). 55, i, 176-8.
(N) *Blaisdell, F. E—New sp. of Dasytes from Cal. (Melyridae). 55, i, 184-5. *Chamberlin, W. J.—New sp. of Poecilonota from Cal. . . . Buprestidae. 55, 186-7. *Fisher, W. S.—New sp. of Leptostylus from the U. S. (Cerambycidae). 10, xxvii, 103-5. Jones & Brisley.—Field notes concerning a few Arizona Hispinae. 55, 1, 174-5. *Knaus, W.—Three new forms of Col. 55,1, 182-3. Lesne, P.—Classification des Col. Xylophages de la famille des Bostrychides. (Assoc. Franc. Avan. Sci., Ses. 44, 1920, 285-9.) Lasne, P.—Patrie origine du Trogoxylon aequale (Lyctidae).. (Assoc. Franc. Avan. Sci., Ses. 45, 1921, 638- 42.) *Notman, H.—Synoptic review of the beetles of the tribe Osoriini from the western hemisphere. 50, Ixvil, Art 11. *Notman, H.—Rev. of the . . . Pseudo-
218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ July; ?25
morphidae, and a suggestion for a rearrangement of the Adephagal’ s-°.. “SO! levine Art.-140Piercee, "W. Dies tory of the rhynchophorid genera Rhynchophorus, Calendra, Sphenophorus and Sitophilus. 10, xxvii, 113-4. *VanDyke, E. C.—Notes and descr. of n. sps. of West American His- pinae (Chrysomelidae), p. 170-3. Observations concerning certain C. from the Yosemite Valley, during the summer of W912, -p7175-6.. 55, 1.
(3S) *Achard, J.—Synopsis des Cosmogramma (Chry- somelidae). 25, 1925, 82-5. *Brethes, J—Description d’un nouveau Cioidae du Chili, p. 29-30. Description de deux nouy. Col. du Chili. Rehabilitation d’une esp. Latreillienne, p. 39-43. 126, xxvii. *Bruch, C.—Algunos Col. de la Tierra del Fuego. 106, xcviii, 231-40. *Pic, M.—Melanges exotico- entomologiques. Fasc. 43. Porter, C. E—Dos longicornios raros 0 poco conocidos, p. 52-3. Nueva contribucion a nuestro estudio sobre pelos traqueales de los longicornios. p: 97-8. 126, xxvii.
HYMENOPTERA.—Andrews, E. A.—Growth of ant mounds. 5, xxx, 75-87. Lundie, A. E.—F light activities of the honeybee. 152, Bul. 1328. Staeger, R.—Studien am ameisenlowen. 107, xlv, 65-93.
(N) *Cockerell, T. D. A.—Bees of the gen. Coelioxys in the Coll. Cal. Ad. Sc., p.' 145-51... Some bees <collected aby P. H. Timberlake at Riverside, Cal., p. 179-80. Some para- sitic bees of the Pacific coast region, p. 180-1. 55, i. *Fouts, R. M.—New serphoid parasites from the U. S. 10, xxvii, 93-103. *Muesebeck, C. F. W.—Revision of the parasitic wasps of the genus Microbracon . . . north of Mexico. 50 -ixvil, Arte: *Rohwer, S. A.—Descr. of a new sawfly injurious to jack pine. 10, xxvii, 115-6. Viereck, H. L.—Some synonymy in the Ichneumonidae. 4, lvii, 104.
(S) *Brethes, J—Un nouveau Spilochalcis du Chili, p Sly “Sur "quelques ym du’ ‘Chiliy pp. 24-8526, sexy. *Herbst, P.—Nuevas avispas antofilas Chilenas (Apidae), 126, xxvii, 73-80. Ruiz, F—Los himenopteros del cerro San Cristobal. 126, xxvii, 99-106.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
Bibionidae and Scatopsidae (Diptera), Synopsis of British. By FW. Edwards. .Ann_of sAppk Biol: xii} ¥p.)2035-/5. This paper is here noted as of possible interest to American students of these families. Catalogue of Scientific papers, 1884-1900. Compiled by the Royal society of London. Vol.
xix. T-Z. This volume completes this catalogue to the
xxxvi, '25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 219
end of the year 1900. Opuscula braconologica. Von. J. Fahringer. This is a new serial of which the first volume will treat of this hymenopterous family of the Palaearctic Region. Published by Fritz Wagner, Vienna. Lief. 1, has 60 pp., 1 pl. Zoological Record, Vol. 60, 1923, Insecta has just appeared. Price t5 sh. from the Zool. Soc. of London.
Those looking for biographical and obituary notices of North American entomologists will find much information in A Bibliography of American Natural History, The Pioneer Century, 1769-1865. By Max Meisel. (The Premier Publishing Co., 626 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1924.) One section of this book of 244 pages is entitled ‘A selected bibli- ography of the biographies and bibliographies of the principal American naturalists of the pioneer century and of colonial times.” The names of the “principal American naturalists” are arranged alphabetically and include some thirty-four ento- mologists from John Abbot to Benjamin Dann Walsh. After each name are given the years of birth and of death, and below are. references to one or more accounts of his life, lists of his writings, etc. Among these “‘principal naturalists,” one finds some names whose rights to be included are, to say the least, questionable, while not a few have been undeservedly omitted. On page 112, in the ‘Classified subject index to the annotated bibliography,”’ references to articles on the history of American entomology are given. Mr. Meisel’s book is unquestionably very useful. ;
ANATOMY AND PHysIoLoGy OF THE HONEYBEE. By R. E. Snopcrass, United States Bureau of Entomology. First Edi- tion. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1925. Pages i-xvi, 1-327, and 108 text-figures.
This book presents in better and enlarged form much of the subject matter previously published by the author as Tech- nical Bulletin 18 of the United States Bureau of Entomology. Since the appearance in 1910 of this earlier paper on the anatomy of the honeybee by Snodgrass, our knowledge of this insect has increased considerably and a few of the older notions have fallen by the wayside. This newer knowledge governs to a large extent the author’s presentation of his subject.
A ‘commendable feature of the book is the author’s open- mindedness in regard to ee and his unbiased treat- ment of contemporary writings. Because of the large number of technical terms necessarily, Gated in this book, a “few more
220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’
to aid the special student might have been included without unduly complicating matters. lor instance, on page 17, describing the arms of the tentorium and their points of origin or invagination, certain technical terms existing in the literature are not mentioned. Such important landmarks of certain sclerites are as, or even more, deserving of definite recognition as are certain other anatomical features to which concise names are applied. Again, by the use of published terms such long combinations as “anterior notal wing process’ might be avoided. At least, to be consistent with certain other parts of the book and to make it better adapted for general reference, the alternative terms should have been mentioned.
The writer's style, plainness and accuracy of statement bring an otherwise highly technical book within the reach of Hie average apiculturist. Here and there one finds a few state- ments open to criticism. On page 4, in speaking of the ab- domen in general, the author does not distinguish between the workers and the males. It seems to the reviewer that such a differentiation is advisable at this place even though a detailed discussion is given in Chapter [V. The reason assigned for the use of the term alitrunk, on page 64, covers up the real significance of this term. The term alitrunk has been generally restricted to those insects having the first abdominal segment united with the thoracic segments, as in the case of the honey- bee. The manner in which it is explained, however, creates the impression that it is a term applicable to all pterygote insects.
A very good résumé of the literature concerning the vital phenomena manifested by honeybees is given. The weakness of our knowledge of the physiology of insects is reflected by the fact that the author is unable to draw satisfactory conclu- sions from some of the subjects which are discussed. Evi- dently, this doubtfulness concerning some of our most com- monly accepted hypotheses so impresses the author that he writes that honeybees ‘“‘perhaps distinguish the colors and in a vague way the shapes of different objects.” The evidence in this case, however, is sufficient to justify a stronger state- ment. The conclusion on page 107 that from “an anatomical standpoint, then, it would seem that bees must be deaf” may be correct, but judging from a recent note in the American Bee Journal for April, 1925, it is almost time for the anato- mist to “look again.
The general makeup of the book is of the best and scarcely any typographical errors are in evidence to distract the
xxxvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 224
thoughts of the reader. On page 85 the text refers to a figure of Sirex flavescens and the figure is labeled Sirex flavicornis, . the latter name probably being the specific name intended in the text. The large number of excellent original illustrations, used as text-figures, are a commendable feature of the book and they attest to the ability of the author as an illustrator. A book such as this, intended for the use of the practical bee- keeper as well as the entomologist, would be a failure without them.
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Honeybee by Snodgrass is undoubtedly the best book concerning bees of its kind in any language, and it will so remain until a great deal of new and assiduous research is done, particularly in the field of insect physiology—TuHeEopore H. Frison, [llinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois.
Doings of Societies.
Kansas Entomologists Organize State Society.
The newest scientific organization in Kansas, the Kansas Entomological Society, was formed at a meeting of entomolo- gists at the Kansas State Agricultural college recently. Dr. Paul B. Lawson, [eawrence. was elected president of the society and Prof. J. W. McColloch, Manhattan, was named secretary. The scientists present at the organization meeting were the guests of the Popenoe Entomological Club of the college.
A committee of the association was appointed to compile a check list of insects of Kansas. Warren Knaus, of Mc- Pherson, who brought up the proposition, R. W. Beamer, Lawrence, and H. R Bryson, Manhattan, will begin the work on the list. From five to ten years will be required to bring the project to completion. The list will form a catalog of all insects which occur in the state, giving distribution in Kansas, biological notes, habits, whether injurious or beneficial and other facts of value to scientists.
The Kansas Entomological Society will hold its meetings annually in connection with those of the Kansas Academy of Science.
The program of the all-day meeting here included, besides the organization and business meeting of the society, an inspec- tion of the experimental work of the K. S. A. C. department of entomology and an informal program. (From The Kansas Industrialist, Manhattan, Kansas, May 13, 1925.)
222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, °25
OBITUARY.
GEORGE CHARLES GRIFFITHS, of Bristol, England, born 1852, died December 2, 1924, carried out a series of observations resulting in a paper Experiments upon the Colour-relation between the Pupae of Pieris rapae and their Immediate Sur- roundings Described and Summarized by William White, F.E.S., read March 7, 1888, and printed in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. His paper On the Frenulum of Lepidoptera, published in the same Transactions for 1898 was followed by further investigations into this organ, the results appearing in Tutt’s British Lepidoptera, vols. it, iii and v. (Entom., London, March, 1925.)
ARTHUR CANT, who died at Knowle Hill, Virginia Water, England, December 27, 1924, in his sixty-first year, was an expert in “setting” insects and similar manipulative work, acquiring a skill which has seldom been surpassed. His early work was done for H. J. Elwes and J. H. Leech. Subse- quently he was employed by the late F. D. Godman _ for upwards of thirty years. In January, 1916, he was placed in charge of the setting room at the British Museum of Natural History, remaining there until February, 1924, when ill-health compelled him to cease work completely. (Entom., March,
1925.)
EUGENE SIMON, the well-known French arachnologist, died November 16, 1924. L. Berland gives an interesting sketch of his life, accompanied by a portrait, in the Annales of the Entomological Society of France for 1925, first trimestre, from which we take the following.
Simon was born at Paris April 30, 1848, son of a physician who did not practice. He early became interested in the Arach- nids. “Of an astonishing precocity, he made his debut by a synthetic work of wide scope and in 1864, hardly sixteen years of age, he published the first edition of his Histoire des Araign’es. . . . From this moment he sketched the precise plan of his scientific life: to make a double synthesis—one consecrated to spiders in general, the other to the arachnids of France. From that time all his activity was concentrated on researches on these two objectives, all his works led to them.”
To obtain the necessary material he went to Sicily (1864), Spain (1865, 68), Corsica (1869), Morocco, Tunis, Algeria (1875), interspersed with numerous excursions in France,
mxxvi, 25) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 223
Venezuela (1887-8), Suez and Aden (1889-90), the Philip- pines (1890), Ceylon (1892) and South Africa (1893). In the meantime volumes | to 5 and 7 of his Les Arachnides de France appeared from 1874 to 1884, but the sixth volume, presenting a new classification of spiders was held back until 1914 and then published only in part; the remainder was con- fided by Simon before his death to MM. Fage and Berland. This delay was partly due to the publication of the second edition of his Histoire Naturelle des Araignées in eight install- ments between 1892 and 1903. Besides these two main works, Simon published many papers on Arachnids between 1866 and 1923; the list of them occupies 21 pages of the Annales. He published also on Crustacea and, in 1921, a monograph on Humming Birds.
“He was, moreover, an ardent collector and his works repose on abundant material, the greater part of which he had col- lected himself. His collection, the richest in Arachnids which has ever been brought together, has been for some years in the Natural History Museum at Paris. To give an -idea of its importance it will suffice to say that having numbered his tubes from the beginning, Eugene Simon had, at the end of his life, passed 26,000. As certain species are to be counted in hundreds, this collection must contain several millions of Arachnids. Eugene Simon never threw away a spider even if common and, for example, he carried his conscientiousness and care so far as to collect each year several Epeira diadema, that banality above all wae in order to always have some fresh specimens.
“He was served by a prodigious, clear and never- failing memory. He never appealed to it in vain; the information which he sought, or that was solicited from him, came at once and, one might say, almost automatically. He recalled all the details of the hundreds of excursions he had made and he had an almost individual memory of the millions and mil- lions of spiders which had passed through his hands. I recall my astonishment one day when I spoke to him of a certain spider, a Scytodes; his reply was immediate: ‘I remember it very well, I took it at such a place in a little village near Aden,’ and he gave me a detailed description of it. For more than twenty years he certainly had not had occasion to recall this spider, a single specimen lost among so many others.”
Simon was a man of incomparable modesty and simplicity. His conversation was a charm. It was a pleasure to make an excursion with him. “All those who had the honor to
224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July Zs
approach him will preserve a touching remembrance of the calm Villa Said, where, behind his work table, accompanied by his inseparable pipe, the savant arachnologiste always reserved for them so affectionate a greeting.”
Dr. LEopotp MeELicHar died at Brno (Brtinn), Czecho- Slovakia, September 2, 1924. He was born in the same city in 1856, took the M.D. degree at Prague and entered the Sani- tary Service of the Austrian Ministry of the Interior’ at Vienna. As an avocation he studied the Homoptera and was the author of Cicadinen von Mittel-Europa (1896), Homop- teren Fauna of Ceylon (1903) and monographs of the follow- ing Fulgoroidea of the world: Ricaniidae (1898), Acana- loniidae and Flatidae (1901-02), Issidae (1906), Dictyophar- idae (1912), Tropiduchidae (1914), Lophopidae (1915), and a revision of the first three of these families as the 182nd fascicule of Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum (1923). “A few months before his death Dr. Melichar had finished a great monograph .of the Cicadellinae (Tettigoniellinae) with 154 genera and it is probable that this will be published during the next three or four years in the ‘Ann. Mus. Nat. Hun- garici’’’ (W. E. C. in Ent. Mo. Mag., Nov. 1924).
M. Dyetcno ILcuerr, who was killed by the gang of assas- sins who recently attacked King Boris of Bulgaria, was a keen and active entomologist, possessing a thorough knowl- edge of the Macedonian and Bulgarian Lepidoptera derived not only from stiidy in the Royal Entomological Station in Sofia of which he was head, but also from active work in the feld. He contributed a number of faunistic papers to the Proceedings of the Bulgarian Natural History Society and of the Bulgarian Scientific Society. He was a keen explorer of faunistically little known regions, and frequently accompanied King Boris, who is himself an accomplished naturalist and botanist, on collecting tours; indeed his murder -took place while he was accompanying the King on a collecting trip near Sofia. (P. P. Graves in The Entom., May, 1925.)
The deaths of M. P. WytsMAn, editor and publisher of the Genera Insectorum, at Tervueren, Belgium, on March 1, 1925, and of GIOovANNI Battista Grassi, director of the institute of comparative anatomy in the University of Rome, member of the Italian Senate, noted for his experiments on the control and prevention of malaria, on May 5, 1925, have been an- nounced.
righ in all orders. as: interesting specimens, and probably found there. Especially in Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemip- ‘oleoptera. Will visitin June. All mail will be forwarded. Cor- dence answered promptly.
= . HERBERT S. PARISH 81 ceoenigig'sd Street Toronto, Canada
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Ent. News, VoL. XXXVI. Plate VI.
stridular area--{--__ Zp a ~~
tarsus.
--\---coza
Clarence Q Bare deb
FRONT LEGS OF BUENOA SPECIES (NOTONECTIDAE, HEMIPTERA).—BARE.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Mor. XXX I
OCTOBER, 1925 No. 8 CONTENTS Bare—A New Species of Buenoa (He- Muscoid Flies (Diptera)........... 239 miptera, Notonectidae)............ 225 | Editorial—Evolutionary Entomology.. 244 Alexander—Undescribed Species of Hatch—A Catologue of the Coleoptera Crane-Flies from the Eastern Uni- Of Michigan vecuercestcnece seek meee 244 ted States and Canada (Dipt.: Ti- Ghangesiof Address’ iosccie-eaeisocnene 245 WITS) eel Ey Nese fesatetel aie wie nivinieretela ae 225 | Blatchley—Two changes of Names Gilmer—Note on the Poison Apparatus (Heteroptera, Coleoptera).. ....... 245 of Lagoa crispata Pack. (Lepid.: Dr. W. M. Mann, Superintendent,..... 245 NE SAO DY P1GAS)) cemecilele eteicinsi siete oie 231 | Entomological Literature.............. 245 Goe—KEight Months Study of Earwigs Doings of Societies—The American En- (OD ernratera) recites nicteee <iler:~1= «1-1 <el> 234 tomological Society (Odonata, Co- Huff—The ‘*‘Sun-Ray”’ Structure in the leoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera) 254 Posterior Larval Spiracles of some Obituary—Arthur Gardiner Butler..... 256
By CLARENCE O. Bare, Dept. of Entomology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. (Plate VI.)
In the year 1923-24 the author collected many backswimmers in the ponds about Lawrence and other places in Kansas. This collecting was preparatory to a thesis concerning the oxy- haemoglobin cells and to other studies of the genus Buenoa of the Notonectidae. At that time authors credited Kansas with but two species of Buenoa, B. elegans (Fieber) and B. mar- garitacea Bueno. The specimens collected, and especially those taken near Lawrence during the autumn and winter of 1924-25, showed the predominance then of a new species herewith described.
The collections show it to have been in Kansas since 1922 and to extend at least from Lawrence to as far south as Colo- rado County, Texas. It is very similar in general appearance, size and habits to B. margaritacea for which it has been mis- taken. It is slightly smaller and the males are especially dis- tinct from the latter because of the great difference in the stridular area on the inner faces of the front femora. The shape of the stridular area in the new species resembles very much that of an old-fashioned Turkish sword.
225
226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct:,"225
Dr. Hungerford some time ago noted that there seemed to be two sizes of what was called B. margaritacea Bueno and studies have verified his observation. Bueno in 1909 wrote (JrN. Y.Ent. See, XViL ip: 7/7 jethatas lim ithessoutieand west there are a number of forms very close to B. margaritacea
.’ Hungerford (Ent News, XXVIII, Pl. XI, figs: 5-6, p. 182) figures the stridular area on the front femur of B. margaritacea Bueno. The figures submitted herewith of the front legs of B. margaritacea and of this new species should aid in its identification.
Buenoa scimitra species new.
S72¢ 5, Lengtn.6:5) to 7.5 0anin,, awidths\def5: fOm-2-20. cane Females somewhat larger than the males.
Color: Notocephalon light; eyes brown or dark; anterior parts of scutellum, dorso-lateral parts of metathorax, and dorsal parts of abdomen all black or fuscous; elytra and pos- terior parts of pronotum pearly or hyaline; caudo-lateral mar- gins and dorsal part of scutellum orange or reddish yellow; anterior part of scutellum showing through posterior part of pronotum dark; remainder of dorsal and lateral parts of light or reddish yellow color; legs and undersides of body mostly light; fringes of setaceous hairs bordering ventral air chan- nels, underside of abdomen, small areas near humeral angles of wings, tips of tarsal claws of front and middle legs, inner and outer faces of front femora and coxae respectively, labrum, and tip of beak all fuscous or black; caudal sternite and parts of pleurites of each abdominal segment yellowish; spiracular openings light; anterior part of median ventral carina light.
Shape: Dorsum considerably arched; width across eyes slightly less than that of pronotum; shape in general almost identical with that of B. margaritacea Bueno to which it seems very closely related.
Structural characters: Head and eyes large and nearly as wide as pronotum; notocephalon diverging from synthylipsis and then slightly converging toward vertex; notocephalon in male, from cephalic view, width at narrowest point ventrad from vertex about one-half that at widest point dorsad from vertex; in female not quite so narrow; tylus prominent and full.
Two rows of short spines along caudal margin of hind femur, about seventy spines in each row (hind legs extended laterally) ; femur about one-seventh longer than tibia; a num-
<<
eaxviy 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 227
ber of short combing spines at distal end and anterior surface of tibia; tibia about twice length of tarsus; tarsal segments subequal; tibia and tarsus fringed with swimming hairs.
In museum material sides of pronotum in males somewhat depressed leaving distinct lateral ridge on each side, otherwise slightly tricarinate; in females and live specimens pronotum scarcely impressed; anterior median angle of pronotum pro- jecting cephalad and slightly raised to point near synthylipsis ; caudal margin of pronotum sinuous; surface punctate.
Scutellum smooth and about one-seventh longer than pro- notum ; claval orifice less than one-third length of scutellum; elytral suture hirsute and about one-third longer than scutel- lum ; elytra smooth and hyaline or pearly; wing veins pale.
In male, a slender black spine present on caudo-sinistral margin of seventh abdominal tergite, same as found in male only of all other Buenoae examined; abdominal sternites cov- ered with minute microscopical setae except small clean area caudad of fourth abdominal spiracles; fourth sternite nearly divided by median anterior projection of the fifth; in males, a small, round, black, glandular mass encircling a minute open- ing at junction of pleural sclerites in groove beneath edge of wing, about laterad of hind coxa and beneath lateral edge of large sclerite over base of hind leg.
Labrum hirsute; in male, lateral prongs of beak with stridu- lar area in juxtaposition with tibial prong when front lee is flexed; on front leg of male, a minute spine on outer lateral surface and near base of coxa in juxtaposition with a long sword-shaped stridular area consisting of fine transverse ridges across inner lateral face of femur; in male, front tibia angu- late at base and somewhat flattened; female tibia not so angu- late; tibial prong of male containing about twenty setaceous teeth ; tibia about as long as trochanter and femur together, a little longer than tarsus and claws together; first tarsal segment about one-half as long again as second which is nearly one-half as long again as the digitate claws; whole front leg somewhat stouter than that of B. margaritacea Bueno; a minute comb on inner flexed surface at distal end of tarsus and near base of claws.
Middle legs rather slender; femur slightly longer than tibia ; tibia subequal with tarsus and claws together ; first tarsal seg- ment about one-third longer than second; second tarsal seg- ment twice as long as claws; claws one-half diameter of those of front legs in male, in female subequal; two minute combs consisting of five or six small setae set closely together on outer distal end of tibia.
228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oey 425
Holotype: 3, Union Pacific Railway pond, Douglas County, Kansas) Oct 25,1924
Allotype: &%, Smith’s pond, Douglas County, Kansas, Nov. 19, 1924.
Paratvpes: 10 specimens, Union Pacific Railway pond, Douglas County, Kansas, Oct. 25, 1924. 31 specimens, Smith’s pond, Douglas County, Kansas, viz.: 21 on Oct. 25, 1924, 7 on Nov. 19, 1924, and 3 on May 20, 1923. 7 specimens Colorado County, Texas, May 19, 1922, taken by Mrs. Grace Wiley.
Holotype, allotype and some paratypes in University of Kansas collection; some paratypes in the private collections of Dr. VER 5? Eungertord) and? the, author,
The following key is proposed to include the species now found and described in the United States. It is probable B. platycnems (Fieber) does not exist here.
A. Scutellum broad and as long or longer than the pro- notum. B. Pronotum in the male with four depressions, appear- ing tricarinate,
C. Head with eyes in male nearly as wide as pro- notum, a little narrower in female; legs robust; length a9 fll ee een ete he ete B. carinata (Champion).
CC. Head with eyes somewhat flattened and distinctly narrower than pronotum in both sexes; legs slender ; pale color; length 6.5 mm.....8. albida (Champion).
BB. Pronotum almost unimpressed, lateral carinae in some males.
C. Small oval stridular area on front femur of males; lenoth.62/-Gol Mid, Swerve. ce a B, margaritacea Bueno.
CC. Long sword-shaped stridular area across front femur of males; length, 6.5-7.5 mm.
B. scimitra n. sp. AA. Scutellum reduced and narrow and not as long as pronotum. B. Species over 6 mm. long.
C. Pronotum of male large, inflated, and smooth; length 6.25-7 mm. .... B. limnocastoris Hungerford.
CC. Pronotum of male tricarinate ; large tibiae in front ; length well over 6 mm. . B. macrotibialis Hungerford.
BB. Species less than 6 mm. long .. B. elegans (Fieber).
XY, 125 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 229
Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the Eastern United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipulidae).
Part I. (Continued from page 204.) By. CHarites P. ALEXANDER, Amherst, Massachusetts. Ormosia carolinensis sp.n. |
dg. Length about 2.6 mm.; wing 4.2 — 4.4 mm.
Belongs to the meigenii group and is very closely related to O. serridens Alexander among the described species, differ- ing in the details of structure of the male hypopygium.
Outer dististyle of male hypopygium heavily chitinized, aris- ing from a broad paler base, beyond the short neck dilated into an oval body that bears an acute black spine at each end, the lateral spine about twice as long as the mesal spine which is situated on the caudal or outer face of the lobe just before the apex.
Habitat—North Carolina. Holotype: 3, Guilford College, Guilford County, March 18, 1918 (J. Speed Rogers); Coll. No. 34. Paratopotypes, 2 3d.
Molophilus (Dasymolophilus) niphadias sp.n.
3. Length about 1.6 mm.; wing 2.2 mm.
Related to M. (D.) ursinus (Osten Sacken), from which it is told by the very small size and pale coloration. The head is brownish testaceous. Mesonotal praescutum reddish, the lateral margins and pleura obscure yellow. Wings indistinctly dimidiate, the basal half whitish subhyaline, the cells beyond the cord distinctly infumed; veins a little paler. Anal angle of wing lacking. Venation; r and the perpendicular basal deflection of Ry + 2 in transverse alignment and lying a little proximad of the basal deflection of Ry and r-m, which are like- wise in alignment; cell 1/3 very deep, its fork approximately opposite r-m, the petiole thus being very short; cell 2nd A very narrow. Abdomen yellowish testaceous, the terminal segments and hypopygium more brownish black.
Habitat.—Michigan. Holotype: 3, Cascade Glen, Ann Arbor, Washtenaw County, June 24, 1920 (J. Speed Rogers) ; Coll. No. 10. Paratopotypes, 4 dd.
M. (D.) pusillus Edwards (Scotland) is a larger species though similar to M. niphadias in the pale coloration. The subgenus Dasymolophilus Goetghebuer includes besides its type,
230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (Oct-25
M. murinus (Meigen), M. niphadias, M. pusillus and M. ursinus (Osten Sacken), the second and last named being Nearctic species.
Molephilus (Molophilus) foridensis sp.n.
General coloration dark brown, sparsely pruinose, the ante- rior margin of the praescutum yellowish; antennae of male elongate; wings tinged with brown; basal section of Ms longer than r-m,; male hypopygium with two apical dististyles, each appearing as a flattened blade terminating in an acute beak.
3. Length about 2.6 mm.; wing 3.4 — 3.5 mm. %. Length about 3.8 mm.; wing 4 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae of male elongate, if bent backward extending to some distance beyond the base of the abdomen, dark brown throughout. Head dark brown, the vertex largely blue-gray pruinose.
Pronotum yellowish brown. Mesonotum and pleura dark brown, more or less pruinose, the antero-lateral margins of praescutum light yellow. Halteres pale, the knobs a little infuscated,
Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellowish testaceous ; remainder of legs black, the femoral bases narrowly obscure yellow. Wings with a brown tinge, the base and costal region somewhat more yellowish; veins slightly darker brown. Vena- tion: Basal deflection of Ws. + 4 longer than r-m; vein 2nd A jong and nearly straight, ending about opposite the fork of Cu.
Abdomen brownish black, the hypopygium a little brighter. Hypopygium with the basistyles elongate, on the mesal face with a fleshy lobe set with about 15 stout black spines and additional setae; a long flattened basal dististyle lying in a groove on the face of the basistyles; two apical dististyles of approximately similar shape, being flattened, with the apical angle produced into a slender acute beak, the inner of these styli larger and with a longer beak, the outer style covered with microscopic appressed setae, the inner style nearly glab- rous, with but a few scattered setae.
Habitat.——Florida. Holotype: 3, Gainesville, Alachua County, February 28, 1922 (J. Speed Rogers) ; Coll. No. 17. Allotopotype, ¢, March 8, 1924. Paratopotypes, 28 3%, with the allotype.
This fly bears a superficial resemblance to M. nova-caesar- iensts Alexander but is a very different species, being much more closely allied to members of the pubipennis group.
xxvii, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Za
Note on the Poison Apparatus of Lagoa crispata Pack. (Lepid.: Megalopygidae). By Paut M. Gitmer, New Mexico College of Agriculture.
A very interesting article appeared in the December (1924) number of the Annals of the Entomological Society of America on the poison apparatus of Lagoa crispata Pack. This paper is by Dr. Baerg of Arkansas University, who has made espe- cial study of poisonous Arthropods.
It so happens that the same form came under my own ob- servation some months ago in the preparation of my paper, now published, on the structure of poison apparatus of Lepidop- terous larvae. Since my work was primarily a comparative study I naturally had at hand material and data which previous workers on the Megalopygidae could not have had access to. As a result a number of the apparent anomalies of structure in these forms is explainable upon a basis which does no vio- lation to the generally accepted ideas of insect morphology.
The previous works of Packard, 1894, von Ihering, 1911, and Foote, 1922, all agree in that their authors were convinced that the poison secreting cell was the gland-like cell found beneath the spines in the hypodermal layer. Dr. Baerg, how- ever, and also myself have both noted that these gland-like cells appear not only beneath the toxic spines, but also beneath the non-toxic elements such as plume hairs, etc. Since this is the case it seems highly improbable that these cells can con- stitute the poison-secreting apparatus, and Baerg, in his paper, remarks upon this fact. My own work has shown me that these cells differ very considerably from the usual type of poison cell structure, in that they lack the very heavy infiltra- tion with granules, which take nuclear stains so heavily.
A careful examination of a series of sections through the tubercles bearing the spines show a number of notable facts. First the cuticula is very heavy, of a thickness not often reached in insect body wall. The poison spines are perched on top of this thick cuticula, with the so-called ‘theca’ about two-thirds buried in the secondary cuticula, but coming far short of reaching the hypodermal level. The ‘theca’ is com-
232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Och <5
posed of a thin cellular sac which is continuous with the flattened hypodermal lining of the spine proper. At first glance these cells seem completely isolated from the body wall hypo- dermis proper, an indeed anomalous type of structure in insects ! A more careful examination under high dry lens will show a number of peculiar striae running obliquely across the usual ‘grain’ of the cuticula, that is in the general direction away from the hypodermis and toward the primary cuticula. These striae seem to end at the bulbous cavity containing the ‘theca,’ while exactly similar striae also pass up to the small sub- triangular pockets containing the trichogen cells of the plumose hairs, which lie at the same level as the ‘thecae.’ Finally scattered along the line of these striae will be noted small iso- lated cells, which, upon careful examination, appear to consist almost wholly of nuclear material.
Let us examine the meaning of these facts. The small iso- lated cells constitute the nuclear portions of the much drawn out hypodermal cells which fill the very narrow pore canal between the ‘theca’ and the hypodermis proper. The striae are simply these pore canals containing very much drawn out cytoplasmic matter in direct connection with these pocketed nuclei. In fact these threads are double, as would be expected and the presence of two nuclei in a single pocket is not uncommon.
The ‘theca,’ then, is simply a continuation of the hypodermal layer, and is in direct communication with it through the drawn out cells occupying the pore canals. This is exactly in accord with the structures demonstrated for other forms, and is the interpretation given the structures by von Thering. The ‘theca’ and spine hypodermis is merely an evagination of ordinary body wall hypodermis, and the ‘theca’ itself be- comes merely an enlarged cavity in the pore canal.
The question at once arises why this enlargement appears. Heretofore all workers have considered it merely a storage sac for the poison. Baerg also is inclined to this position. There are two objections to it. First, except for the possible secretion of small amounts by such forms as Euproctis chrysorrhea Linn.
mexxvi, 725] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 233
and a few of its close relatives, we have no well authenticated case of actual secretion of the poisonous element as such, the cytoplasm serving always as the carrying agent. By analogy then it is doubtful that it is secreted in Lagoa. The second is the question of the origin of so large a quantity of poison. The theca cells are not gland cells, the gland-like cells beneath are common to both venomous and nonvenomous structures and lack the characteristics common to all poison gland cells in other Lepidopterous larvae. If these cells are not the poison cells, and Baerg is convinced they are not, whence is its origin?
This is the point where Baerg, as have all other workers so far, has failed in his observations. Comparative material, such as was at my hand in plenty, first gave the hint. The granular mass contained in the ‘theca’ is not secreted poison. It is the gland cell itself. The granules are so plentiful and take the nuclear strains so heavily as to usually completely obscure the rather small much lobate nucleus. Among some two or three hundred preparations of Megalopygids I found only three preparations where the nucleus was at all visible. This will give some idea of the reason why former workers have over- looked it. Without the hint given by other forms it is probable that I should have missed it as completely as have Packard, von Ihering, Foote and Baerg.
With the above explanation the form at once drops into its appropriate niche in the series of forms showing the develop- ment of the poison spine from a primitive form possessing a poison seta only. In fact, the ancestral seta is stilk present as the penetrating tip of the spine. I am taking this oppor- tunity of amending Dr. Baerg’s paper while the matter is still fresh in the minds of entomologists interested in the structures involved. My own paper, which has appeared within a short time,* gives a more extended discussion of the forms together with plate and half tone cuts of the structures involved.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Barre, W. J., 1924: On the Life History and the Poison Apparatus of the White Flannel Moth, Lagoa crispata Packard. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: No. 4, 401-411.
Patna nat. Soe, Amer XV LN 203-39.
234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS POoiss25
VON IHERING, R., 1911: As tatoranas e um remedio contra suas querimaduras. Chacaras e Quintaes. 3: No. 3.
Foote, N. C., 1922: Pathology of the Dermatitis Caused by Megalopyge opercularis, a Texas Caterpillar. Jour. Exp. Med., Soc oNion oS
Packarp, A. S., 1894: A Study of the Transformations and Anatomy of Lagoa crispata, a Bombycine Moth. Proc. man MPhil, Secu sAe2/a2202)
Eight Months Study of Earwigs (Dermaptera). By Mitton T. Gor, Portland, Oregon.
Early in the Spring of 1924 my wife and I resolved to get some live earwigs for the purpose of finding out by actual observation if the female does nestle on her eggs to hatch them. During this period of life study we learned many interesting things about this insect which we believe the public should know,
This article is written from notes taken from time to time and is as nearly correct as patience and vigilance can make possible. In our endeavor to get the real scientific facts we did not confine ourselves to the study of the insects in cap- tivity, but made observations wherever these insects could be found.
On the sixteenth day of March we secured two males, which we placed in a wide-mouthed pint fruit jar containing about two inches of soil: for a cover we used a piece of thin muslin held in place by a rubber band.
In each jar we placed a small chip of wood for them to hide under. These containers were used during our whole course of experimental study.
These are the so-called “European Earwigs,’ Forficula auricularia. They are three-fourths of an inch in length and about one-eighth of an inch in breadth and of a brownish color. Although they have well developed wings we have never seen them fly. The males*have strong curved forceps thickened at the base and notched on the inside. The forceps of the females are nearly straight, slender and unnotched.
The first thing we did after caging them was to try to find
ee
maxi, 125] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS FE Ys
their proper food. Believing them to be vegetable feeders we placed leaves of rose, violet, primrose, iris and wallflower in the jar. We had been told by a gardener that they ate holes in his most choice plants, but they did not feed upon any of these. Next we put in flowers of daffodil, wallflower and primrose. Upon careful examination we found they would not eat any of these flowers. Remembering that Dr. L. O. Howard in The Insect Book, editions of 1901-1910, said he believed them to be carnivorous, we supplied them with a piece of fresh raw beef which they soon found and immediately began eating. This was on the 23d day of March, and up to this time they had eaten nothing since being captured March 16th.
From this time on we fed them principally with fresh raw beef or pork, they seeming to have no choice between fat and lean. We found them fond of dead slugs, dead flies, dead grasshoppers and live aphids.
They are delicate feeders and live on small, soft-bodied, live insects and dead insects of any kind. In one instance we knew of their beginning to feed upon a grasshopper which was still alive and kicking.
Although they assume a threatening attitude when disturbed, they are very timid and noncombative. Later in the season we placed various kinds of fruits and flowers in with them and upon examination through a lens we could find no trace of their having been touched. Among the flowers with which we tempted them were roses, carnations, pinks, and sweetwil- liams. They do eat molasses, as do many other carnivorous insects. We found that they like to crawl into the deep recesses of flowers of various kinds, which nearly always harbor tiny insects which make dainty food for them. They often remain in the dark, cool corolla of flowers sleeping during the hot summer days. When flowers are carried into the house, unless they are carefully shaken, earwigs may also be carried in with them. They are also carried into houses on wood, limbs of fruit trees and occasionally in fruit that is split.
They are not naturally a household pest like the cockroach, and when a reasonable amount of care is exercised not to carry
236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Oct; 225
them into the house, dwellings will be unmolested by them. During March, April, May and the early part of June they may be found under loose stones, old boards, pieces of cloth, paper, in hollow stems of any kind, and around all kinds of rubbish.
In the latter part of June or early July they begin climbing trees, shrubs and flower stalks, as we believe, in search of aphids and other small insects which are quite plentiful in these places at this time of the year. During this period they may be found under loose bark of trees, cracks and crevices of old buildings as well as places mentioned before. Finding a nest of little black ants, we put some eggs and pupae in one jar and in two other jars eggs, pupae and a few ants. The next morning the eggs and pupae were gone in the jar where there were no ants but in the other two we found the ants had gathered the eggs and pupae into a heap and were nearby guarding them. We then removed the ants and the following day these eggs and pupae had also been eaten.
It was reported that earwigs ate holes in laundry while out on the line and that they destroyed carpets on floors. We placed pieces. of cotton cloth and woolen cloth in jars with the earwigs and withheld their food for some time, and after we again began feeding them we left these pieces of cloth in the jars for weeks but neither the cotton nor the woolen cloth was molested. We even dampened the cotton cloth to make it more like laundry but we could not entice them to eat it.
March 26, we found two undeveloped males, and April 2, nine more males some developed and some not. Although we were looking for female earwigs every few days, the first we found was on the 10th day of April, when we found two that were not fully grown. These females were placed in separate jars each with a male.
The forceps of both male and female are opened wide and raised high and threateningly over their bodies when disturbed, but to the best of our knowledge, they are never used in com- bat. We endeavored to get them to close their forceps on some objects but were never successful.
RK xXVL, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2h
In mating, the male backs up to the female and seizes her between his wide open forceps, ventral sides of male and female being opposed: the notched forceps of the male being used for claspers.
In pairing earwigs we often had to change them three or four times before finding two that were congenial. To win the admiration of the female, we saw one male walk over and around her, rub himself against her, stopping occasionally to preen himself. '
Earwigs do not feign death when molested but scamper away. When awake they are easily disturbed and move very quickly. During the early morning hours they sleep so soundly as to appear dead.
They clean themselves frequently and during stormy weather enter the soil, remaining there until after the storm.
On May 3, we found 48 small, round, creamish white eggs. These were laid in a heap in the soil. These eggs were re- moved carefully to another jar and kept for nearly a month but none of them hatched, and from this we take it for granted that the presence of the female is necessary for the hatching of the eggs. No more eggs were laid by this female. Only one female laid a second batch of eggs and two laid no eggs at all. These two were adults when we got them and were probably mothers of some of the partially grown insects found at the time we found them, in early Spring.
About eight o’clock in the morning of May 6th we searched the jars for eggs, but no eggs were to be found; but later in the morning, about nine o'clock, while changing the soil we found that female number 2 had laid a batch of eggs under a small piece of pork. She made a nest about the length and breadth of her body by removing particles of dirt with her mouth. She, then, placed the eggs in one by one laying them evenly on the soil. After getting the eggs all in the nest she began to arrange them. She would take out one egg, some- times two, lay aside, remove some soil and then replace them. For four hours we watched her, as she slowly and carefully worked her eggs down into the soil. About eight o’clock that
238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oebew25
evening she had them at the bottom of the soil in the jar and was sitting on them, as at this time she could be seen through the jar. The following morning there was still a small open- ing where she went down but she could not be seen. When the eges were first laid she chased the male away, but later allowed him to come near.
The females, during the period of incubation, which is from 15 to 18 days, and for several days after the eggs are hatched, seldom come to the surface, but remain in the soil with their brood. The males seldom enter the soil during this period, but are more often seen directly over the nest than elsewhere. This, we believe, accounts for the appearance of the males in early Spring before any females are to be seen.
The young were so small and so active that we could not change the soil nor count them. We found that they did better in soil that was only slightly moist. The young are almost white just after moulting.
It was impossible for us to record the times they moulted, but it requires about five months for them to mature.
In Portland, we have two natural enemies of the earwig in the insect world: the genus Omus, of the Cicindelidae, which is nocturnal, and some species of Staphylinidae. The habits of these insects are nearly the same as that of the earwig. We placed earwigs in jars with these insects and in each case they were devoured. It is no easy matter for the rove beetle to cap- ture his prey in the open as the earwig is about as quick as the rove beetle. We watched the unsuccessful attempts of one of the roves to capture an earwig for about thirty minutes ; then he made a tunnel into which the earwig crawled and was quickly captured and devoured. It seems to us, that the tunnel was made for a trap, but whether it was or not is a. question. ;
We know nothing definite of the life history of the earwig during December, January and February, but believe they lay and hatch a brood during this period. We killed the ear- wigs we had in captivity on the 23d day of November. At this time they had good appetites and were as active as at any time.
meexvi, 2. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 239
The “Sun-ray ” Structure in the Posterior Larval Spiracles of Some Muscoid Flies (Diptera). By Cray G. Hurr, Department of Medical Zoology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
In this paper, will be presented the results of observa- tions, together with certain inferences which may be drawn, upon the very fine and delicate chitinous rays found in fairly constant positions on the posterior larval spiracles of some of the common Muscoid flies such as Phormia regina, Calli- phora crythrocephala and Lucilia sericata. In the spiracles of most species, these rays are easily overlooked; for they are on a slightly higher plane than the more conspicuous, darker parts of the spiracle, and are quite transparent. However, by us- ing high magnification and continuously manipulating the fine adjustment of the microscope, the author has found them on the spiracles of species in which he had repeatedly over- looked them previously. Perhaps, the most striking charac- teristic of these rays is the fact that they are never parallel; but on the contrary, they either radiate from a common cen- ter or diverge from a convex line upon which they have their origins. The cases in which they radiate from a common Pineus ‘are, iby ‘far; the commoner. The “foci” or centers from which they radiate are fairly conspicuous and are often visible in preparations in which it is impossible to see a trace of any of the rays. These “foci” are four in number in all of the cases which have been examined by the author. Their positions in reference to the ring are variable with the dif- ferent species. In Morellia micans, and Stomoxys calcitrans, they appear as small slit-like or ellipsoid openings in the opa- que ring; while in Muscina stabulans, Calliphora erythroce- phala, Phormia regina and Lucila sericata, for example they occur within the ring, usually near the slits.
Since Calliphora erythrocephala is fairly typical of this second group, the rays will be described as they occur in it, in more detail. (Fig. 1). Beginning on the inner side of the spiracular plate, the groups will be numbered consecutively.
240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (Ochym25
The first, third, and fourth have their “foci” in the edge of the inner, middle and outer slits, respectively; the first being on the inner edge of the inner slit, while the third and fourth are on the outer edges of the middle and outer slits. The “focus” of the second set of rays is at the outer edge of an ellipsoid, chitinized body between the inner and middle slits. The areas from which the rays arise are clear; but they are
Figure 1.—Posterior larval spiracle of Calliphora erythrocephala. (x98.)
Figure 2.—Posterior larval spiracle of Drosophila hydet. (x438.)
Figure 3.—Second ‘‘sun-ray”’ structure of Phormia regina. (x438.)
Figure 4.—Second interspiracular bristle of Drosophila hydet. (x438.)
b.—button; i.—interspiracular bristles; r.—ring; s,—slit; x.—‘'sun-ray "’ structure.
encircled or partially encircled by a chitinous ring, a part of which is formed, in the first, third, and fourth, by the edge of the slits. The rays are generally three to six in number at each ‘‘focus” and are branched, usually dichotomously. They are much alike in most of the species which have been ex- amined in this study. In some, however, because of the opaque condition of the underlying structures, only the ‘foci’? and the tips of the branches which extend beyond the ring may be seen.
MeKVI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 241
Froggatt (1918) has described these rays under the name of
2}
the “sun-ray” effect, as follows:
“The rounded end (of the intermediate structure) in- closes a clear space, the margin of which shows under a low magnification, a ‘sun-ray’ effect. This is due to fine bands of chitin radiating outwardly to the band. The inner ends of these chitinous bands project over the rim of the clear space and would seem to support some soft structure in life, which is vYestroyed in the preparation. In most species, also, a space resembling a blister occurs on the side of the slits. This ‘blister-structure’ also shows the ‘sun-ray’ effect referred to in the ‘intermediate structure.’ ”’
Evidently, the “blister-structure’ of his description is the portion of the edge of the slit which is mentioned in this paper as constituting part of the “focus.” In the literature upon larval spiracles known to the author, there is no refer- ence to be found other than that of Froggatt, to these rays which have just been described. However, Dr. F. M. Root has often noted them in working with posterior larval spiracles and he was responsible for directing the author’s attention to their study. He has very kindly loaned material from his collection of spiracles to aid in this study.
Examinations of these rays in various species have often shown them folded back over the ‘‘foci,’ and in some cases they have been visible for considerable distances outside of the ring. This fact indicates that these rays do not, as Frog- gatt thought, “support some soit structure in life.”
This belief is further strengthened by certain homologies which exist between these “sun-ray” structures and structures occurring in corresponding positions in the spiracles of other groups. Metcalf (1913) refers to structures in the Syrphi- dae occurring between the spiracles as imterspiracular bris- tles, spines, or ridges. In his first report on the Syrphidae of Maine, this same author (1916) mentions interspiracular or- namentations of the species, Pepiza pisticoides, Tropidia qua- drata, and Syritta pipiens among the Syrphidae, as having distinctly a bristle-like form. Particularly striking are his figures of the last two of the above named species. It seems
242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oet.s 725
that the homologies existing between the interspiracular bris- tles of these species and the “sun-ray”’ structures which have been described above must have some significance,
That these “sun-ray” structures are probably homologous to bristles is still more strongly indicated by a comparison of them with similar structures on the spiracles of certain species of the genus Drosophila examined by the author. The larval spiracles of this genus, as is well known, are situated on long, raised processes. They resemble the larval spiracles of other Muscoid flies in that they have a distinct ring with a button and three slits with rudiments of anastomosing bars. But most significant 1s the fact that, from positions corresponding to those of the “sun-ray” structures in other larvae, there arise four long bristles. (Fig. 2.). Sturtevant (1921) says, in speaking of these bristles:
“Each process ends in a chitinized tube that has at its tip three spiracular openings that are surrounded by very slender outwardly directed chitinous rays. When the larva is feeding it lies buried in the food, with only the tips of these spiracular processes exposed to the air. The rays around the openings evidently serve to prevent the openings themselves from sinking below the surface and thus cutting off the air-supply of the larva.”
Figures 3 and 4 represent the second “sun-ray” structure of Phormia regina and the second “interspiracular” hair or bristle of Drosophila hydei respectively. In general, these two struc- tures resemble each other (1) in having about the same position in the spiracle; (2) in having the “focus” of the former and the base of the latter very much alike; (3) in having approximately the same number of main branches; (4) in the nature of their branching; and (5) in the fact that the branched ends are free.
In investigating the function of the bristles of larval spiracles of Drosophila, the author has observed the larvae in liquid and semi-liquid media, both from the side and from above, under fairly high magnification While under the medium in which they are feeding, these larvae keep the long, interspiracular bristles closely folded back along the lateral surface of the
TEXVI,| 20 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 243
chitinized tubes; but as soon as the tubes are thrust above the surface of the liquid, these hairs are raised to a horizontal position and may be seen to lie along the surface of the liquid for their entire length. That the adhesion of the water to them is very slight, is shown by the distinct convex meniscus around each one; and their function is apparent to one as soon as he has seen them in this position.
From these observations, it seems very probable that the “sun-ray’’ structures in the larval spiracles of the Muscoid flies are homologous to the bristles found on the spiracles of various species of Drosophila and of some species of the family Syrph- idae. Whether there is a corresponding analogy or not, the author has not ascertained ; although the small size of the “sun- ray” structures would indicate that they do not, in the species which he has examined, serve the same function as the inter- spiracular bristles of the Drosophila larvae. If this homology be accepted, it is the belief of the author that the structures previously called “sun-rays” should henceforth be designated as interspiracular bristles. The “foci”? which have been de- scribed in this paper and the “blister-structure” of Froggatt’s description should then be nothing more than the somewhat modified bases of the interspiracular bristles.
The distribution of these bristles over the various groups of Muscoid larval spiracles, and the significance which they may have in the question of the interrelations of these groups are being subjected to further investigation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Froccatt, JoHN L., 1918. A study of the External Breath- ing-Apparatus of the Larvae of Some Muscoid Flies. Proc. Linnean Soc. N. S. Wales XLIII, pt. 3, pp. 658-667. (see p. 660).
Metcatr, Ciett L., 1913. The Syrphidae of Ohio. O. Biological Survey. Vol. 1, Bull. 1, pp. 1-123. (see p. 19).
Ip. 1916. The Syrphidae of Maine. Maine Agri. Exp. Sta. Bull. No 253, pp. 194-264. (see plates 36 and 37).
Sturtevant, A. H., 1921. The North American Species of Drosophila. Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Publ. No 301, pp. fi50h (seep. 20).
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., OCTOBER, 1925.
Evolutionary Entomology.
One should not, perhaps, expect to find thoroughly accurate statements of entomological fact and theory in the “popular” magazines, although why their editors and publishers should not demand and require strict adherence to accuracy is an in- teresting question. We shall not, however, discuss it here. But when a journal like The Atlantic AJonthly publishes a mislead- ing entomological article, we feel justified in calling attention to it. ‘The article alluded to is in the July number and is en- titled “The Bee’s Knees,” by Charles D. Stewart, with an epi- logue in the issue for September (p. 430). We call it a mis- leading article, for the reader unacquainted with bees and their relatives will get from it the idea that there are no “progressive stages,” no “stages of incompletion” leading up to the highly complicated organs possessed by the honey bee, such as the antenna-cleaner (Mr. Stewart's own example). Throughout his consideration of “Darwin’s theory of evolution,” which is the moral to Mr. Stewart’s interesting account of the structure and functions of the bee’s legs, there appears to be a total for- getfulness of the fact that there are Hymenoptera, of suc- cessively increasing complexity, leading up to the honey bee and that the explanation of Mr. Stewart's riddles, for which he seeks in vain, is to be found in a comparison of these different degrees of complexity.
It is to be hoped that some competent student of bees may be induced to treat the question more broadly than Mr. Stewart appears able to do, and that the editor of The Atlantic may give the readers of that magazine an opportunity to look at the
“Mystery” of the bee—and of life in general—from the stand- point of one possessing wider information.
-—@--
A Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Michigan.
ae A. W, Andrews of Detroit and the writer are working A Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Michigan. They would Se it if persons having Michigan material of this order would submit a list of species rand localities, or, if their material is undetermined, would favor them with the loan of the speci- mens for the purpose of determination. Proper credit will be given in every instance—Mervit_e H, Harcu, Department of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
244
xxi, 725) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 245
Changes of Address. E, D, Ball, Ent. Laboratory, Sanford, Florida. Frank R. Cole, Box 491, Orlando, Florida. Henry Fox, Japanese Beetle Lab., Riverton, N. Kenneth A. Salman, Glenwood Road, Needham, Mass. George Seamann, R. F. D., 3, Quincy, Florida. Ellison A. Smyth, Jr., R. D. 2, Box 63, Salem, Virginia. Lyle A. Stephenson, 1183 E. 10th Street, Kansas City, Mo.
Two Changes of Names (Heteroptera, Coleoptera).
In a recent letter from Dr. E. Bergroth, Ekenas, Finland, he states that my /schnodemus pusillus (Entomological News, XXXVI, 1925, p. 45) is preoccupied by I. pusillus Dallas, a South-African species. I therefore propose in its stead the specific name minutus.
Mr. Chas. Schaeffer informs me that my name Haltica aenescens (Coleoptera of Indiana, p. 1202) is preoccupied by Weise for a variety of the European H. lethri Aub. I there- fore change it to H. aencola.
W.S. BLatcHLey, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Dr. W. M. Mann, Superintendent.
Dr. William M. Mann, formerly entomologist in the De- partment of Agriculture, is now superintendent of the National Zoological Park, Washington, succeeding Dr. Alexander Wetmore.
Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph beginning with (N). Those pertaining to Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceded by an *.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
1—Trans., The American Entomological Society. 4— Canadian Entomologist. 6—Journal, New York Ent. Soc. 7—Annals, Entomological Society of America. 8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine. 9—The Entomologist.
246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Ochs
10—Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 12—Journal of Economic Ent. 13—Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal. 14—Entomologische Zeit., Frankfurt a.M. 16—The Lepidopterist. 18—Internationale Ent. Zeit., Guben. 21— The Entomologist’s Record. 22—Bulletin of Ent. Research. 25—Bull., Soc. Ent. France. 33—Bull. et Annal. Soc. Ent. Belgique. 39—The Florida Entomologist. 45—Zeit. f. Wissenschftl. Insekentb., Berlin. 49—Ent. Mitteilungen, Berlin. 50—Proc. U. S. National Mus. 54—Boletin, Soc. Ent., Espana. 56—Konowia, Wien. 59—Encyclopedie Ent., Paris. 67—Bulletin, Soc. Ent. Egypte. 69—Comptes Rendus des Seances, Acad. Sci. Paris. 75—Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 89—Zool. Jahrbucher, Jena. 104—Zeit. f. Wissen. Zool., Leipzig. 107—Biologisches Zentralblatt. 120—Ann., Naturh. Mus., Wien. 123—Bul., Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass. 124—Revue Suisse de Zool., Geneve. 126—Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 130— Ohio Jour. of Sciences. 133—Jour. Experimental Zool. 137—Archiv f Zoologi, Stockholm. 138—Amer. Mus. Nov- itates, New York. 141—Amer. Naturalist. 154—Zoolog. Anzeiger.
GENERAL.—Adkin, R:-—Entomology, ancient and pres- ent day.—Proc. So. London Ent. & Nat. Hist. Soc., 1924-25, 28-44. Auten, M.—Insects associated with spider nests.—7, xviil, 240-50. Bodenheimer, F. S.—On predicting the devel- opment cycles of insects.—67, 1924, 149-57. Boyer, J—La transformation des insectes en bijoux. Une curieuse in- dustrie parisienne—lLa Nature, 1925, No. 2674, p. 1-4. Butler, A. G.—Obituary.— 8, 1925, 167. C. W.—Modern entomology.—Nature, cxvi, 163-4. Casey, T. L.—Obitu- ary.—8, 1925, 136. Cornetz, V—Un anniversaire: experience de Pieron.—Bul. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. d. Nord., 1925, 132-45. Cragg, F. W.—Obituary.—12, xviii, 563. Doflein, F.— Obituary and bibliography.—89, xlvii, Anat., 191-211. Donisthorpe, H.—Remarkable flight of insects at light—8, 1925, 162. Emery, C.—Obituary notice —33, Ixv, 198-9. Harder, O.—Noch einige bemerkungen zum koderfang.— 18, xix, 52-5. Horn, W.—Uber insekten-nadeln aus “nicht- rostendem stahl’.—49, xiv, 105-7. Koebele, A.—Obituary, with portrait.—12, xviii, 556-62. Kohl, F. F.—Obituary and bibliography.—120, xxxviul, 174-9. McAtee, W. L.—Notes on drift, vegetable balls and aquatic insects as food product of inland waters—Ecology, vi, 288-302. Moore H. C.— Very great importance of economic entomology.—Bul. Maryland Acad. Sci., iv, 12-14. Mosher, F. H.—Obituary.—
Powis; 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 247
12, xvili, 562. Payne, N. M.—Can insects survive freez- ing.—4, lvu, 157-8. Poulton, E. B.—Insect mimicry and the Darwinian theory of natural selection. —Pop. Sci, Month., xxi, 19-25. Price, W. A.—Sense of smell again.—12, xviii, 448-50. Rothschild, N. C.—Obituary and portrait—Jour. Northants Nat. H. Soc., xxii, 135-41. Snodgrass, R. E.— Insect ‘musicians, their music and their instruments.—An. Rep. Smiths. Inst., 1923, 405-42. Twitchell & Crockett.— Some of the results of the first season’s work at the Univ. of Maine summer biological station at Desert Isl—Maine Nat. Jour., v, 65-90. Woukassovitch, P—Observations bio- logiques sur quelques insectes predateurs des Pucerons et leurs parasites et hyperparasites—25, 1925, 170-2. Walsh, G. B.—Study in insect oecology. The coast coleoptera of the Br. Isles—8, 1925, 137- 44, Wasmann, E.—Kritische bemerkungen zur kenntnis der myrecophilen und termito- philen.—107, xly, 136-43. Weiss, H. B.—John Buncle’s droll account of a battle between a flea and a louse.—6, xxx, 114-5. Wilson, C. C.—Improved insect net.—12; xviii, 546-7.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC.— Baldi, E.—Studi sulla fisiologia del sistema nervoso negli insetti.—Bol. Istit. Zool. Univ. Roma, Livorno, ii, 1-37. Du Buisson, M.—Observations sur le mecanisme de la ventilation tracheenne chez les insectes—Acad. R. Belg., Bul. Sci., x, 635-56. Guthrie, J. D—Asymmetry of the small-eyed condition in “eyeglass” drosophila. ii 307-14. Hauber, U. A.—Analysis by selection and crossing, of genetic factors involved in defective venation. . . — Genetics, x, 91-116. Jeannel, R.—Sur les homologies des articles de la patte des insectes.—69, clxxx, 1867-9. “Jeffrey, E. C.—Drosophila and the mutation hypothesis.—Science, Ixii, 3-5. Morgan, L. V.—Polyploidy in Drosophila melano- gaster with two attached X chromosomes.—Genetics, x, 148-78. Orr, P. R.—Critical thermal increments for oxygen consumption of an insect, Drosophila—Jour. Gen. Phys., vii, 731-4. Pieron, H.—Effets de la suppression unilaterale d’un oeil et des antennes chez les insectes.—Feuil. des Na- tural., Paris, 1924, 33-4. Pilewiczowna, M.—Influence de jeune et de alimentation sur le metabolisme respiratoire des insectes.—Pub. Inst. Nencki, Warszawa, No. 39, 1925. Reth- feldt, C—Entwicklung der insektenlarve im ei—Mikrosk., xvili, 201-5. Snodgrass, R. E.—Insect musicians; their music and their instruments.—Smiths. Report, 1923, 405-52
248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oets25
Strauss, M. B.—Fertility and toleration of temperature in inbred drosophila.—141, lix, 379-84. Sturtevant, A. H.— Effects of unequal crossing over at the bar locus in Droso- phila—Genetics, x, 117-47. Zavrel, J.—Konvergenzer- scheinungen beim gehausebau der chironomiden u. der trichopterenpuppen.—154, Ixii, 267-72.
-ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.—Brown, B.— Luminous spider.—Nature, cxv, 981. Gruger, E. W.— Spiders as fishermen and hunters.—Nat. Hist. New York, xxv, 261-75. Oke, C.—Migration of spiders.——Victorian Nat., xli, 35-6. Wills, L. J—Morphology of the carbon- iferous scopion Eobuthus.—Jour. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., xxxvi, 87-96.
(N) *Chamberlin, J. C——On a collection of pseudo- scorpions from the stomach contents of toads.—Univ. Cal. Pub., Ent., 111, 327-32. *Chamberlin, R. V.—Diagnoses of new American Arachnida.—123, Ixvii, 211-48. Genera Lith- obius, Neolithobius, Gonibius and Zinapolys in America north of Mexico.—123, Ixvii, 441-504. *Crosby & Bishop.— Studies in New York spiders Genera-Ceratinella and Ceraticelus—N. Y. State Mus. Bull., No. 264. *Garman, P.—New gen. and sp. of Trombidiidae (Acarina).—6, xxx1iii, 85-6. Larrousse, F.—Triatomes d’Asie; Description d’une
NOUV. ESPeCE Pow An. Par, Ham: jet (Comps wearisnan (1924), 62-70. Verhoeff, K. W.—Klassen und ordnungen des: trerireichs:.. ...<).... .Bdad Abt, 2. pilis30-6b6.sMivrie— poda.
(S) *Leitao, M.—New So. Am. solpugid.—126, xxviii (1924), 140-3. *Mello Campos, O.—Scorpions of Brazil— Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, xvii, 237-363.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA.—Barthellier, M.—Sur l’epoque de la determination des castes chez Macrotermes gilvus.—69, clxxxi, 54-5. Keilholz—Massen- zuge von libellen—14, xxxix, 38-9. Killington, F. J—Notes on the prey of dragonflies —9, lviui, 181-3. Montgomery, B. E.—Records of Indiana dragon-flies—Pro. Indiana Ac. Sci., xxxiv, 383-89.
(N) Hine, J. S—Dragonfly, Tachopteryx thoreyi, re- corded for Ohio, with notes on its near relatives.—130, xxv, 190-2. *McDunnough, J.—New Canadian Ephem- eridae with notes.—4, lvii, 168-76. *Morgan, A. C.—Six
peevi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 249
n. sps. of Frankliniella and a key to the American sps.—4, lvii, 136-47. *Needham & Claassen.—Monograph of the Plecoptera or stoneflies of America north of Mexico — Thom. Say Foundation, No. 2, 397 pp. *Tillyard, R. J.— Kansas permian insects. . . . Orders Protodonata and Odonata—Am. Jour. Sci., x, 41-73.
(S) *Morgan, A. C.—A new genus, a new subgenus and 7 new sps. of Thysanoptera from Porto Rico —39, ix, 1-9. “Navas, R. P. L.—Mas Crisopidos de Cuba.—54, viii, 85-8. *Algunos insectos de Chile—126, xxviii (1924), 12-16. Porter, C. E.—Los estudios sobre tisanopteros Chilenos.— 126, xxvii (1924), 36-42.
ORTHOPTERA.—Cappe de Baillon, P.—Probleme de teratogenese. Monstre double de Phasmide.—77, xciii, 163-4. Middleton, H. T.—Bit of mantis biography—Nature Mag., 1925, August, 89-90. Morgan, W. P.—Further ob- servations on the function of the earwig forceps.—Pro. Indiana Ac. Sci., xxxiv, 347-8. Pehani, H.—Geschlechts- zellen der Phasmiden.—104, cxxv, 166-238.
(N) Hebard, M.—Genus Taeniopodae as found in the U. S.—1, lii, 1-12.
(S) *Rehn, J. A. G—Notes on West Indian Dermaptera with the descr. of a n. sp. of Vostox.—1, lii, 19-26. *Werner, F.—Zur kenntnis amerikanischer mantodeen.—56, iv, 160-8
(Gon)! HEMIPTERA.—Ewing, H. E.—Factors of inheritance
and parentage as affecting the ratio of alate to apterous individuals in aphids.—141, lix, 311-26. MHorsfall, J. L.— Life history and bionomics of Aphis rumicis.—Univ. Iowa Stud., xi, No. 2. Hough, W. S.—Internal anatomy of the clover root mealybug, Trionymus trifolii—22, xvi, 25-9. Knight, H. H.—List of Miridae and Anthocoridae from Alberta, Canada.—4, lvii, 181-2. Leon, N.—Sur l'appareil buccal de la punaise des lits (Cimex lectularius).—An. Par. Hume: Comp: Paris, 1 (1924), 71-3. Riley, C. F. C. Some aspects of the general ecology and behaviour of the water strider, Gerris rufoscutellatus.—21, xxxvii, 107-15. (N) *Hussey, R. F.—Some new or little known hemiptera from Florida and Georgia.—6, xxxiii, 61-7. Larroussee, F. —Description de la femelle de Triatoma maxima.—An. Par. Hum. et Comp., Paris, ii (1924), 207-10. *McAtee & Mal-
250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Octvaws
loch.—Revision of bugs of the family Cryptostematidae in the. & ses) olUiS: IN ak =50) leva Aria St
(S) *Laing, F.—Descriptions of some n. g. and sps. of Coccidae.—22, xvi, 51-66.
LEPIDOPTERA.—Bolanos, A. G.—Como se cazan las mariposas con la lampara y la red?—Bol. Soc. Est Biol., Mexico, i, 8-10. Bouvier, E. L.—Contributions a la con- naissance des metamorphoses chez les saturniens Hemil- eucides.—59, Lep., i, 3-10. Coolidge, K. R.—Life history of Danaus bernice strigosa—1l, lii, 27-33. Ege, R.— Respirationsforjoldene hos Hydrocampa nymphaeata (Jarve og puppe).—Vidensk. Med. Dansk. Naturh. For: Kobenh., Ixxvi, 29-42. Esaki, T.—Uber die mimese der Kallima- arten.—45, xx, 110-13. Gerould, J. H.—Right-left gynan- dromorph of the alfalfa butterfly, Colias eurytheme var alba.—133, xlii, 263-92. Gilmer, P. M.—Comparative study of the poison apparatus of certain lepidopterous larvae.—7, xviii, 203-39. Hasebroek, Dr.—Prinzipielle loesung des problems des grossstadt- und industriemelanismus der schmetterlinge.—18, xix, 78-80. Kuhn u. Ilse——Anlockung von tagfaltern durch pigmentfarben.—107, xlv, 144-9. Mol- liard et Rabaud.—Reaction des antennes de papillons aux temperatures elevees ou aux chocs.—Feuil. des Natural., Paris, 1924, 32-3. Riley, N. D.—Seasonal variation in but- terflies—Proc. So. Lond. Ent. & Nat. Hist. Soc., 1924-25, 67-81. Savin, W. M.—A remarkable partnership between the spanish. bayonet.and, the yucca.moth. 24) -.q0eaer Hist. New York, xxv, 276-82. Schepp, O.—Nochmals zur praparation der falter u. s. w.—18, xix, 76-7. Suffert, F.— Geheime gesetzmassigkeiten in der zeichnung der schmet- terlinge.—124, xxxii, 107-11. Verity, R.—Remarks on the evolution of the Zygaenae and an attempt to analyze and classify the variations of Z. lonicerae and others subsps.— 21, xxxvii, 101-4 (cont.). Wunschik, H.—Erhohung der wirksamkeit der knollchenerreger unserer schmetterlings- blutler durch passieren der wirtspflanze.—Centralb. Bakt., Parasit. us Infekt., Abt. 2, lxiv, 395-445.
(N) *Barnes & Benjamin.—Notes and new species.—10, xxvii, 123-9. *Braun, A. F.—Some undescribed microlepid- optera and notes on life histories.—1, lii, 13-17. New microlepid. from the southwest.—4, 147-50. *Cassino & Swett.—Some new Geometridae.— 16, iv, 33-56. “Holland and Schaus.—Epipaschiinae of the western hemisphere; a
ocx) 29 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Zo
synonymic catalog of the sps. hitherto described, with figures of many, which have not heretofore been depicted.— An. Carnegie Mus., xvi, 49-130. *Neustetter, H.—Drei neue Heliconius formen.—18, xix, 60-1. *Polaeck, E. R.— New aberration of Junonia coenia—Bul. Maryland Acad. Sci, iv,l0=11,
(S) *Bouvier, E. L.—Heliconisa bedoci sp.n-—59, Lep., 1, 35-6. *le Cerf, F.—Nouveau Papilio de Guayne Francaise. 99, Lep. 1, 49-52. de Fleury, P.—Notes sur les premiers etats de quelques L. de la Guinee Francaise —59, Lep., i, 41-8. Michael, O.—Studien uber die familie der Agrias— 14, xxxix, 53-5 (cont.). *Schaus, W.—New sps. of Epi- paschiinae in the Carnegie and National museums.—An. Carnegie Mus., xvi, 9-48.
DIPTERA.—Alverdes, F.—Schutzinstinkt der kocher- fllegenlarve —107, xlv, 149-54. Andrews, H. W.—Flies and disease.—Proc. So. Lond. Ent. & Nat. Hist. Soc., 1924-25, 45-62. Kligler & Theodor.—Effect of salt concentration and reaction on the development of Anopheles larvae.—22, xvi, 45-9. Matheson, R.—Notes on Chaoborinae (Culi- cidae).—4, Ivui, 159-60. Matthey, R.—Biologie de Tachina larvarum.—An. Par. Hum. et Comp., Paris, ii (1924), 202-6. Parent, O.—Etudes sur les Dolichopodides de la collection Meigen.—S9, Dip., 11, 41-58. Thompson, W. R.—Les larves primaires des tachinaires a oeufs microtypes—An. Par. Hum. et Comp., Paris, ii (1924), 185-201, 279-306. Ville- neuve, J—Oestridomorphisme. p. 1-4. Variations dans la longueur des antennes des Tachinidae. p. 4-5.—59, Dip., ii,
1-5.
(N) *Aldrich, J. M.—Two n. sps. of the tachinid genus Lixophaga with notes and key.—10, xxvii, 132-36. “Curran, C. H.—New Tachinidae in the Canadian Nat. Coll. Buck- ellia, an. gen. of Asilidae.—4, Ivii, 150-6. *Enderlein, G.i— Studien an blutsaugenden insekten. I. Grundlagen eines neuen systems der Tabaniden.—Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, x1, 255-409. *Felt, E. P.—New gall midges.— 13, xvii, 15-20. *Hull, F. M.—Notes on the N. Am. sps. of the gen. Didea, with the descr. of a n. sps.—7, xvii, 277-81. *Malloch, J. R.—Synopsis of new world flies of the genus Sphaerocera (Borboridae).—10, xxvii, 117-23. Neveu-Lemaire, M. Evolution de la classification des Culicidae—Ann. Parasit. Hum. ef Comp.; Paris, i°(1923), 90-107 Painter, R. H.—
252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oet:;225
Review of the genus Lepidophora (Bombyliidae).—1, ii, 119-27. *Spuler, A~—N. American sps. of the subg. Scoto- philella. (Borboridae).—6, xxxiii, 70-84.
(S) *Brethes, J—Sur quelques dipteres Chiliens.—126, xxvili (1924), 104-11. *Curran, C. H—New D. in the © Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.—138, No. 176. *Krober, O.— Chrysops-arten Sud-und Mittelamerikas nebst den arten der inselwelt und Mexikos.—s6, iv, 210-56 (Cont.). “Malloch, J. R.—Exotic Muscaridae. Acalyptrata.—75, xvi, 81-100. Porter, C. E—Enumeracion de sirfidos colectados en San Jose de Maipo.—126, xxviii (1924), 98.
COLEOPTERA.—Balachowsky, A.—Note sur la pres- ence accidentelle de Eburia quadrigeminata (Ceramby- didae) de Amer. d. Nord a Alger.—Bul. Soc. Hist. Nat. Af. du N., 1925, 107. Falcoz, L__Etudes sur les Cryptopha- ginae. Essai sur les larves de Cryptophagus.—Ann. Soc. Linn., Lyon, 1924, 120-7. Good, H. G—Wing venation of the Buprestidae.—7, xviii, 251-76. Kolbe, H.—Beitrage zur kaefergallenkunde (Agrilus) und zur kenntnis der brut- ptleg
(N) Banninger, M.—Neunter beitrag zur kenntnis der Carabinae: die Nebriini.—49, xiv, 180-95. *Blatchley, W. S. Notes on the distribution and habits of some Florida C. with descr. of n. sps—4, Ivii, 160-8. Notes on the Rhyn- chophoera of eastern No. Am. with descr. of n. sps.—6, xxxiii, 87-113. Brisley, H. R—Notes on the Chrysomelidae of Arizona.—l, li, 167-82. Chittenden, F. H.—Chalcoides fulvicornis.—6, xxxiii, 120. *Chittenden, F. H—Genus Coccotorus.—10, xxvii, 129-32. Mutchler & Weiss.—Beetles of the genus Conotrachelus known to occur in N. Jersey.— N. J. Dept. Agric. Circ. No. 87. Pic, M.—Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars. 81, Rhipiceridae. *Schaeffer, C——Revision of the new world sps. of the tribe Donaciini of the : family Chrysomelidae.—Brook. Mus. Sci. Bull., iti, 45- 165. Schenkling, S.—Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars. 80: Ela- teridae I.
(S) *Brethes, J—(See under Hymenoptera). *Fisher, W. S.—New West Indian Cerambycidae. (Lamiinae).—138, No. 174. Porter, C. E.—Sobre un coleoptero Chileno poco conocido.—126, xxviii (1924), 112-14. *Ruiz, F.—Notas biologicas sobre algunos insectos Chilenos. El genero
Idiostoma en Chile.—126, xxviii (1924), 76-80; 99-101.
SKI, 25| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 253
*Thery, A.—Descriptions de genres nouveaux de Bupres- tides.—25, 1925, 122-6.
HYMENOPTERA.—Burrill, A. C.—Honey bees follow wood bees for nectar.—Science, Ixii, 134. Evenius, J.— Entwicklung des zwischendarms der honigbiene.—154, |xiii, 49-64. Genieys, P.—Habrobracon brevicornis.—7, xviii, 143-202. Joachim u. Evenius.—Kryptenzellen und _ epi- thelregeneration im mitteldarm der honigbiene.—154, Ixii, 250-6. Verlaine, L.—Instinct et intelligence chez les hymenopteres.—33, Ixiv, 197-237. Instinct et intelligence chez les hymenopteres——Acad. R. Belg., Mem. viii, Fasc. 2.
(N) Bequaert, J—Genus Ancistrocerus ¢Vespidae) in N. Am., with a partial key to the species—1, lii, 57-117. *Carter, W.—Records of Alberta Sphecoidea with descr. of n. sps. of Crabronidae.—4, lvii, 131-6. Dohzhansky, T.— Zur kenntnis der gattung Ciccinella—154, Ixi, 241-9. Schmiedeknecht, O.—Opuscula ichneumonologica—Fasc., 39, 40. *Viereck, H. L.—New bee of the Gen. Andrena i [from Arizona].—1, lii, 135-6. Preliminary revision of the Campopleginae in the Canadian Nat. Coll., Ottawa.— 4, lvii, 176-81.
(S) *Brethes, J—Quelques insectes du Paraguay.—126, xxviii (1924), 67-72. *Frison, T. H.— Contribution to the classification of the Bremidae of Central and So. America.— 1, lii, 137-65. “Viereck, H. L.—Wasp-like insects or H., exclusive of ants, collected by the Barbados-Antigua Expd. im 1918.—Univ. Iowa ‘Stud., xi, No. 4, p. 7-11... *Wheeler,; W. M.—Neotropical ants in the Coll. of the R. Mus. of Stockholm.—137, xviiA, No. 8.
SPECIAL NOTICES
“Kos (Dawn)”, La Rivista Espanola de Entomologia, is a quarterly deveted to all classes of Arthropoda. The first number appeared March, 1925, and includes four papers— one on Hymenoptera, one on Coleoptera, and two on Orthoptera. Annual subscription, foreign is 20 pesetas and is published by the Entomological Section of the Museo Nac. de Cien. Nat. Madrid.
The Kansas Entomological Society was formed recently at a meeting of entomologists at the Kansas Agricultural College. The Society will hold its meetings annually in connection with those of the Kansas Academy of Science. —Science. [See The News for July, 1925, p. 221.]
254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS POEs Fas
Doings of Societies. The American Entomological Society.
The following meetings were held, as usual, at The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia:
Meeting of Jan. 22, 1925. The meeting was called to order by Dr. Skinner, President. Nine members and visitors present. The reports of officers and committees followed.
The new by-laws were read as revised at the last meeting. Dr. Calvert moved that each article be adopted as read. Motion carried. Except for the following articles the by-laws were adopted as read without discussion. Art. 4, Chapt. 2 was adopted after ‘discussion without change; Art. 6 was added to Chapter 1; Chapt. 5, Art. 1. On motion the by-laws were adopted collectively. On motion it was ordered that the by- laws be printed with the act of incorporation under one cover.
Mr. Rehn moved that the publication committee be sug- gested to consider a special price for publications to members ; carried.
Mr. Cresson moved that the motion passed at the special meeting of Jan. 19, 1925, in regard to dates of meetings, viz.: that regular meetings be held the fourth Thursday of the month except when this day is a legal holiday in which case it shall he held on the preceding Thursday, be readopted and the hour be fixed at 7.30 P. M. Adopted.
After some discussion. it was decided that under the new by-laws new officers and committees must be elected. The following nominations were made:
Dr. H. Skinner, President; P. Laurent, Vice President; Dr. P. P. Calvert, Corresponding Secretary; R. J. Titherington, Recording Secretary; M. Hebard, Treasurer; E. T. Cresson, Jr., Librarian; R. C. Williams, Curator.
Binance Committee? i. -C@, Willrams;, FR. Mason, [5 Ae.G, Rehn. >
Publication Committee: J. A. G. Rehn, P. P. Calvert, M. Hebard.
Library Committee: R. C. Williams, P. Laurent, M. Hebard.
These nominations were all seconded without comment and on motion the secretary cast a ballot, and the nominees were declared elected.
Mr. Rehn moved that the committee on by-laws be discharged with thanks. Adopted.
Dr. Calvert presented on behalf of Dr. F. M. Root the type specimen of Enallagma dubium Root, 1924.
TeV) 20 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2
cn un
Dr. Skinner gave an interesting talk on. the relation of names to biological characteristics in variations. Mr. Rehn spoke on the relation of this subject to the Orthoptera, and showed an interesting series of grouse locust variations obtained by breed- ing. Mr, Rehn also showed plates for a publication on West Indian Blattidae.
Meeting of February 26, 1925—Called to order by Dr. Skinner. Seven members and visitors present.
Mr. Williams, as former Treasurer, reported having turned over the securities to Mr. Hebard, who stated that the society was in good condition financially.
Mr, H. Hornig and Mr. Kisliuk were elected to membership unanimously.
OponaTta: Dr. Calvert gave an interesting talk on observa- tions made on our latest autumn dragon-fly, Sympetrum vicinum, He exhibited specimens and showed some slides to illustrate his communication in which he told of trying to find some relation between lateness of survival, sunshine and tem- perature.*
CoLEoPpTERA: Mr. Kisliuk presented some specimens of Euscepes batatae, including larvae, pupae and adults. This insect is injurious to sweet potatoes.
Meeting of March 26, 1925.—Called to order by Dr. Skinner, Twelve members and visitors present.
On the matter of collecting trips for 1925, Mr. Cresson, Jr., proposed three trips in the spring, April 18, May 16 and June 13. The first to Dismal Run Woods, Media.
Mr. R. T. Davis was elected a resident member of the Society and Mr. E. T. Cresson, Sr., an honorary member.
Mr. Calvert presented a photograph of the Entomological Society of America taken at their meeting in Washington in December. Mr. Cresson, Jr., spoke about the Thomas oy Casey ~ collection which he had seen while in Washington lately. At a meeting of entomologists held there it was recommended that the “collection be kept intact until properly catalogued, after which material might be taken out by responsible per- sons. Dr. Skinner showed a branch of a species of birch from Kamchatka having on it a scale-like parasite. He also made some interesting observations on some South American lepidoptera.
*A paper on this eroieer will be Peed in Eons. aon
256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fOckerZe
Meeting of April 23, 1925.—Called to order by Dr. Skinner. I*ifteen members and visitors present.
Mr. Cresson, Jr., reported the receipt of the following speci- mens: 301 Anthomyiidae, including 39 specimens new to the collection, from the Boston Society of Natural History, 8 Dip- tera of genera rayra and Raphum from C. H. Curran, 2 specimens Spilographa electra from H, Hornig, 10 specimens of Astalis snow from Kansas University.
Mr. Cresson reported for the Committee on collecting trips that on the scheduled trip to Dismal Run Woods, Media, with the Leidy Club, four members of the Society participated.
The following were elected to resident membership in the Society by unanimous vote: Arthur B. Wells, John H. Brown- back, E. H. Cienkowski, R. G. Schmieder, F. M. Jones, P. A. Turner, T. E. Winecoff, C. W. Fenninger, and Ernest Baylis.
OrTHOPTERA.—Dr, Calvert presented on behalf of Dr. A. M. Norton. a specimen of a black grasshopper which had been collected Aug. 19, 1924, at Somerset, Pennsylvania. Mr. Rehn answered a number of questions and suggested that it might be a black form of Melanoplus femoratus.
LrepIpDOPTERA.—Mr. Cresson, Jr., showed a copy of a Ger- man Entomological Year Book, also a copy of a de luxe edition with colored plates of Lepidoptera, called Thesis Entomolo- gique. Dr, Skinner brought out two cases of South American Lepidoptera (Agrias) with which he illustrated an interesting short talk.
Mr, Hornig showed the specimens which he took on the Media trip.
R. J. TITHERINGTON, Sec’y.
PACER OBITUARY.
The English entomological journals for July, 1925, contain obituary notices of ARTHUR GARDINER BUTLER, Assistant in the British Museum of Natural History 1865-1879, Assistant Keeper in charge of Arthropoda 1879-1901. He was born June 27, 1844, and died at Beckenham, Kent, May 28, 1925. While he wrote upon many of the groups of animals under his care, his publications concerned chiefly the Lepidoptera, especially the Pierid and Lycaenid buiterflies. He is credited with having described upward of 1000 species of Pieridae, many of which are now regarded as seasonal variations. His writings, more than 500 in number, include generic revisions, faunal papers and one separate work, Lepidoptera Exotica, 1869-1874, issued in parts, quarto, by Janson, London.
HIN -D. SHERMAN, Jr.
~ 132 Primrose Avenue
dar. Vernon New York 2: ‘wishes to BUY at all times
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aes ESPECIALLY Ba Oks on Medical Entomology, Parasitology and al! technical, bib- ‘aphical and other important entomological works, such as,
Mosquitoes of North and Middle America, by Howard, Dyar . and Knab.. 4 vols.
Bibliography of American Economic Entomology. 8 parts, or . part 4. Aldrich, Gsidtogue of Diptera. Hagen, Bibliotheca Entomologica, 1862, 2 vols. Hewitt, The House Fly. Williston, Manaal of Diptera. 1908.
Edwards, Butterflies of North America. Second Series, in ae original covers.
Scudder, Nomenclator Zoologicus. Bull 19, U. S. N. M. ~ Zoological Record, Proceedings Zool. Soc. of London. roceedings U. S. N. M., “La Cellule,” ‘‘Redia,” ete. anadian Entomologist, Vols. 29-30, 31.
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=e
Ent. News, Voi. XXXVI. Plate VII.
EXAMPLE OF HOPPIN’S WORK FROM JAEGER’S “LIFE OF NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS.”
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS:
VoL. XXXVI
NOVEMBER, 1925
CONTENTS
Weiss—Washington Hoppin, M.D., Il- lustrator of Jaeger’s ‘‘ Life of North ANMENICAM INSCCESH rclsicisis secs siecisele © 257
Hungerford and Beamer—Report of Collections of Aquatic Hemiptera taken in Cherokee Co., Kan., and other New Records from the State, 262
Johannsen—A New Sciarid from the Eastern United States (Dipt.: My- GOLODBHIGA ) io aiien cs + sissce saicisjeisis oe 266
Dodge—Notes on the Life-History of Catocala whitneyi( Dodge) (Lepid.:
INGCEIIGAE) er areieicclaisicieie cise sine siveleisivis 267 Satterthwait—Two New Species of Ca- lendra (Col., Curculionidae)....... 269
Editorial—The Protection of Insects... 272 Barnes and Benjamin—On “Dysodia
No. 9 Gunder—Calpodes ethlius in California Hesperiidae (Lepid.)...........0. 273 Zoological Record Part Insecta......... 274 Howard—Wanted, Live Cocoons of Giant Silk Worms (Lepid.)........ 274 Ghangesiof AdGressans. och scseines tees 275
Balduf—The Feeding of a Common Tiger Beetle (Colep., Cicindelidae. 275 The Van Duzee Collection of Hemip-
RQ Viet win olelateleralerolaia/sictaistsieiaiaisiesialelstiatelais’s 276 Gunder—Avoiding Name Priority Con-
fusion (Lepid., Rhopalocera)...... 276 Entomological Literature.............- 277 Review, Imms’ General Text Book of
ESTILO RXIGIO DY Nore te: 2:31 =fa\=)orayatavatelsvalcleielaieteis 283
Doings of Societies—The International Entomological Congress at Zurich 286
granulata Neum. (Lepid., Thyridae 273
Washington Hoppin, M. D., Illustrator of Jaeger’s “Life of North American Insects.” By Harry B. Weiss, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Plate VII).
On Page 41 of Benedict Jaeger’s “Life of North American Insects” ( Providence, R. I. 1854), which has only a historical value now,* one finds the following statement: “But, before speaking of the Insects themselves, I cannot omit a passing tribute of gratitude to the ingenious friend through whose valuable aid I have been enabled to spread them out before my readers in all their lifelike attire. Most of the Insects presented in this and the succeeding Plate, and many that will appear hereafter, have been originally drawn and painted from nature by my friend, Washington Hoppin, M. D., of this city, who, although an amateur, only relieving the monotony of pro- fessional life by an occasional display of this, his native talent, has nevertheless drawn and painted these specimens from my cabinet with the skill of the most experienced professional artist; and this he has done from the disinterested purpose of aiding me in rendering more valuable and popular this important
*See Weiss, “Prof. Benedict Jaeger, Early Entomologist of New Jersey,” Proc. N. Jersey Histor. Soc. VII, no. 3, pp. 196-207, July, 1922,
257
258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Niow.,. 25
department of Natural History. In return for his kindness, I beg to offer him here my sincere thanks, assuring him that I take great pleasure in associating with this work the name of Hoppin, a name not undistinguished in the annals of American Art.” Thus did Professor Jaeger record his indebtedness to his friend and artist.
Six colored plates accompany the book, I, II and III being devoted to beetles, IV to Hemiptera, V to Orthoptera and VI to Lepidoptera. Although Jaeger does not state specifically that all of the illustrations were made by Doctor Hoppin, it is evident that some of them were drawn by the same person.
Hoppin was not the first illustrator of North American insects, being preceded by Mark Catesby, an Englishman whose work is found in “The Natural History of Florida and the dahama Islands, Containing Figures of the Birds, Beasts, Fishes, Insects, and Plants, etc.” London MDCCXXXI- MDCCXLIIT; by Abbott, also presumably an Englishman whose plates are found in “The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia,’ London, 1797, by Smith & Abbott ; by Peale, a distinguished American naturalist and artist who is the author of approximately twenty-eight plates of Say’s “American Entomology,” 1824, the remaining plates being credited as follows: Nine to C. A. Lesueur, a French- man by birth, nine to W. W. Wood whose nativity is in doubt and two to H. LB. Bridport, who was born in London. Another early illustrator was the father of Dr. J. L. Leconte, Maj. Jno. Eatton Leconte, most of whose drawings were never published. Mr. W. R. Walton has gathered together many interesting facts about these early illustrators and his accounts will be found in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 69-99) under the title “Ento- mological Drawings and Draughtsmen, Their Relation to the Development of Economic Entomology in the United States.”
This brings us to 1854, the publication date of ‘““The Natural History of New York” illustrated by Emmons as draughtsman and R. H. Pease as lithographer. The fifty plates of this volume are severely and justly criticized by Walton, although at first
oat, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 259
glance one is impressed by the neat arrangement of the figures. The colors of the butterflies are especially absurd. Harris’ “Insects Injurious to Vegetation” was published previous to this and the work of the artist, Antoine Sonrel, has been highly praised. It is manifestly unfair to compare Hoppin’s plates, printed in 1854, with present day standards because their deficiencies are bound to be overemphasized but Hoppin’s work is contemporaneous with that of Sonrel and Emmons. It will not bear comparison with the illustrations in Harris’ work, those by Hoppin being on the whole inaccurate as to detail and, from a technical standpoint, poorly drawn and colored. The arrange- ment of the figures on the beetle plates is peculiar, the illustra- tions for the most part being at the extreme corners and sides of the pages with nothing but blank space between them. There is little or no attempt at symmetry and it is evident that some of the specimens provided by Professor Jaeger, as models, were not mounted or preserved with much care. It is also obvious that Dr. Hoppin was not interested in detail, the venation of the hind wings of the cicadas on Plate IV for instance being impossible; in fact, all of the figures are woefully inaccurate with respect to detail and proportion. Professor Jaeger plainly exercised no supervision over the work prob- ably having no interest in anatomical minutie. Some of Hoppin’s work will be found on the plate accompanying this article and one can see from this, the inaccuracies noted above. In comparison with the work of Emmons, the neat- ness is lacking but Hoppin’s few Lepidoptera are certainly not as ridiculously colored as those of Emmons. It should be kept in mind, however, that Jaeger’s book was probably the first one that attempted to popularize entomology in this country. It was written for the general reader and the colored plates also were for the general reader; and, as such, they probably gave satisfacticn, especially as the mental im- pression gained by looking at some of the figures enables one to identify what one supposes to be the species with little or no trouble. So far as I have been able to learn, Dr. Hoppin made no other drawings of insects and it is easy to imagine
260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., ’25
that the illustrations for Jaeger’s book were done in a spirit of friendliness at the earnest solicitation of the author.
Dr. Washington Hoppin was born on April 1, 1827, in Providence, Rhode Island, being one of the sons of Thomas Coles and Harriet Dunn (Jones) Hoppin. His father, a merchant of Providence, was the son of Capt. Benjamin Hoppin of the Continental army; his mother, the daughter of Capt. William Jones, also of the Continental army and governor of Rhode Island from 1811 to 1817. Washington came of an artistic family. His brother, Augustus, cari- caturist, artist and author, born in Providence, July 13, 1828, graduated from Brown in 1848, studied and practised law for a time in Providence but abandoned it for art. After study- ing in Europe he gained a high reputation as an illustrator of books and drew the designs for “The Potiphar Papers” (1853), “Nothing to Wear” (1857), etc. He also published a series of illustrated sketch books. He died at Flushing, New York, April 1, 1896. Another brother, William Jones, born April 21, 1813, studied at Yale and Middlebury College, Vt.,.and obtained the degree of LL. B. from Harvard in 1835. He was one of the founders of the “Century Asso- ciation of New York” and frequently visited Europe and contributed articles on art subjects to American and European periodicals. From 1876 to 1886 he was secretary of the United States Legation at London. Another brother, Thomas Frederick, born August: 15, 1816, studied art in Philadelphia and Paris under Delaroche. In 1837 be returned to this country and lived in New York City where he made the designs of the four evangelists which compose the great chancel window of Trinity Church. He modeled the first piece of sculpture ever cast in bronze in the United States and produced statues and groups in plaster, etchings in outline and pictures representing American life and history.
It is said that Washington Hoppin possessed great ability as a caricaturist. Elis son, Howard Hoppin of Providence, advised me that his father showed great artistic talent in black and white illustrating, painting and particularly in
xxvii, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 261
silhouettes. He studied medicine at the Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, graduating in the class of 1850, two years after the founding of the college in 1848; and practising in Providence, R. I., in partnership with a Dr. Barrows, where he was very successful in the treatment of children. Being a homceopathic physician, he was not a member of the Rhode Island Medical Society. Homoeopathy was introduced into this country by a Dr. Hans Birch Gram, a native of Boston educated at Copenhagen, who opened an office in New York City in 1825. It flourished more rapidly in this country than in Europe but in spite of this the early converts to homceopathy were subjected to storms of opposition and, in order to strengthen their cause, the American Journal of Homceopathy was started in 1835 and the American Institute of Homceop- athy, the oldest national medical association in the country was organized in 1844. Although Dr. Hoppin pursued his profession some six years later than 1844, he practised at a time when Homeeopathy was looked upon with suspicion by many and considerably before the differences between the two schools of medicine began to disappear.
Dr. Hoppin married Louise Clare Vinton, daughter of Major Jenn Rogers Witton, U.S) AC, on “October. 14, 1852, and their issue consisted of six children, Helena Lucretia (died young), Howard, Louise Clare, Washington (died 1914), Harriet Dunn (Mrs. Robert Jacob) and Francis Laurens Vin- ton. He died April 1, 1867, on his fortieth birthday, and is buried at Swan Point Cemetery, Providence, R. I.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am very grateful to Mr. Howard Hoppin of Providence, R. I., for information about his father in a letter dated Decem- ber 15, 1924. The standard cyclopaedias contain very little about Dr. Hoppin and in my search for information I was aided by Mr. John S. Brownne, Librarian of the New York Academy of Medicine and Mr. H. M. Chapin, Librarian of the Rhode Island Historical Society, whose help is deeply appre- ciated. In addition the facilities extended by the State Library
262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov 25
at Trenton, New Jersey, the library of the Philadelphia College of Physicians and the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society are gratefully acknowledged.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography Bulletin, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia, December 1906, p. 64.
Fishbein, The Rise and Fall of Homeopathy, American Mercury, vol, 11, No. 6, pp. 150-154, 1924.
National Cyclopaedia of American Biography.
New International Encyclopaedia, 2nd ed.
Providence Journal, April 3, 1867.
Transactions of the Twentieth Session of the American Institute of Homeeopathy, vol. 1, N. S. 1868.
Walton, Entomological Drawings and Draughtsmen, ete. Proc. Ent. Soc., Washington, vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 69-99.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII,
Examples of Hoppin’s work from Jaeger’s “Life of North American Insects.”
Report of Collections of Aquatic Hemiptera taken in Cherokee County, Kansas, and other New Records from the State.
By H. B. HunGerrorp and R. H. Beamer, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas,
In August of 1920 the writers spent a few days collecting in the southeast corner county of Kansas and as a result added a number of species new to our University collection of Kansas insects. Most of these species have never been recorded as occurring in Kansas, and this paper is prepared for the purpose of placing on record these interesting finds. We are adding also some of the more notable collections that have been made from time to time by various collectors and reporting some structural characters that we have found of specific value in determining difficult species.
The first list of aquatic Hemiptera of Kansas formed a por- tion of a list of the Heteroptera prepared by E. A. Popenoe in 1883-84 under the title “Contributions to a Knowledge of
xxxvi, “25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 263
the Hemiptera Fauna of Kansas” which appeared in the Trans- actions of the Kansas Academy of Science, Volume IX, p. 62.
A second list of aquatic forms was given in F. F, Creve- coeur’s paper, “Additions to the List of the Hemiptera Fauna of Kansas.” This was published in Volume XIX of the Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science in 1904. Thus it has been twenty years since any formal list of addi- tions or corrections to the water bug fauna of the state has been published. Both of these lists were short and both appear to have been omitted in Van Duzee’s great “Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico”, 1917. Because of this omission, and because they represent the foundation lists upon which to build, they are repeated below:
PorENOE’s List, 1883-84:
Salda signoretti Guer. Ranatra quadidentata “ deplanata Uhl. Stal.
Galgulus oculata Fab. Nepa apiculata Harris (?)
Naucoris poeyi Guér. Notonecta undulata Say. “ Belostoma americana Leidy e sp. undet. Ge) Anisops platycnemis Fieb. y Zaitha fluminea Say Corixa alternata Say.
y n.sp. Uhl
CREVECOEUR’s List, 1904:
‘Hygrotrechus remiges Say. On water in streams. May. ‘Limnotrechus marginatus Say. On water in streams. April, Oct. “Hebrus pusillus Burm. About a spring on Creek bank. April. Salda interstialis Say, On sandy beach. June. “humilis Say. In swamp. May. ~Mesoretia bisignis Uhl. On water in stock pond. August, Ranatra fusca P. B. In ponds and streams. April. Corisa scutellata. In stock pond. March, October. * harristi Uhl. In stock pond. March, October.
Thus we see that Popenoe’s list included thirteen species, eleven of them named. Of these eleven names, seven are probably correct, though the generic name has been changed
in six of the seven cases. In Crevecoeur’s list there are nine names. Of these, one
264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., ’25
is a naked name, one a species not recognized from America atid one has suffered so greatly from typographical errors that it might not be recognized.
In 1909 G. W. Kirkaldy and J. R. de la Torre-Bueno ptb- lished a “Catalogue of American Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Hemiptera.” In this, Kansas is mentioned in the habitat lists for the following species:
Acanthia deplanata Uhler. Microvelia americana Uhler. i“ signoretu Guerin. \Gerris marginatus Say. Lethocerus uhleri Mont. All the above would indicate a neglect of the aquatic Hemip- tera in Kansas. In Van Duzee’s catalogue, 1917, the following species are recorded from Kansas in addition to those given by Kirkaldy and Bueno.
‘ Mesovelia mulsanti White. Notonecta undulata Say. Notonecta variabilis Fieb. Plea striola Fieb.
In the Kansas University Science Bulletin, Volume XI, the senior author mentioned a number of aquatic and semi-aquatic species that had not hitherto been recorded for Kansas. Since he mentioned them in connection with life history or behavior studies, and thus casually in the body of a large paper without calling attention to the fact that the species were being reported for the state for the first time, they seem to have been un- noted. They are as follows:
Hydrometra martim Kirk. Benacus griseus Say Gerris remigis Say Buenoa margaritacea Bueno Trepobates pictus Uhl. Pelocoris caroiinensis Bueno Rheumatobates rileyi Bergr. Ramphocorixa acuninata
Microvelia borealis Bueno (Uhl.)
Some of the species collected by us in Cherokee County, Kansas, were sent to Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno and reported by him in Entomological News XXXII, p. 272, 1921. They
were:
Ranatra kirkaldyi Bueno
Gelastocoris oculatus Fabr. (Reported by Popenoe 1884) Buenoa elegans (Fieb.)
Tenagogonus hesione Kirkaldy
xxxvi, 725] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 265
Another species of the Cherokee County collecting trip, Hy- drometra australis Say, was reported by the senior attthor in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 1922, under the note “Both Hydrometras in Kansas.”
Following are further interesting records of aquatic Hemip-
tera: HEBRIDAE.
This family of tiny surface striders is not very richly repre- sented in our collections. Crevecoeur reported one species in 1904 under the name Hebrus pusillus Burm. This species is now called Hebrus burmeisteri L. and S. On October 8th and 9th, 1923, the writers took 135 specimens. of Hebrus con- solidus Uhl. from the margins of a small pool known as Rock Pool near Lawrence, Kansas. Whether Crevecoeur’s H. pusil- lus is really the species we have found, we are not able to say. Hebrus burmeistert L. and S. was described from Pennsyl- vania. The species taken at Ithaca, New York, by the senior author and called H. concinnus Uhl. by him is quite distinct from our Kanas species. The New York species has the lateral margins of the prothorax more constricted, the scutel- lum more plainly notched at tip and nervures of wing of dif- ferent shape.. Hebrus concinnus is described as being 2% to 2% mm. long and the New York species is not as large. We are now inclined to believe that the New York species should be called Hebrus burmeisteri L. and S. although there is practi- cally no description of this species and it must be a guess at the best. A single specimen taken by the senior author at Rock Creek, Douglas County, Kansas, several years ago is unlike either of the above species and runs to Hebrus sobrinus Uhl.
The genus Merragata was reported for the United States by Doctor Drake in 1917. He described two new species from Ohio. A single specimen of Merragata foveata Drake was from Fort Collins, Colorado, and this is the only record for the genus outside of Ohio. We are able to report two speci- mens of the above species from Estes Park, Colorado, taken on the margins of Mary’s Lake, August 22, 1919, by Hunger- ford, two specimens from the historic “Hole in the Rock” Douglas County, Kansas, April 29, 1923, and one specimen
266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., ’25
from Rock Pool, near Lawrence, Kansas, on October &th. Other specimens of this species were taken by the senior author at St. Paul, Minn., July 16, 1921. Merragata brunnea Drake has been taken in Doniphan County, Kansas, by Mr. Beamer and by Mr. Jean Linsdale, and in St. Paul, Minnesota, by the senior author. Two species of this genus described from the United States are much alike. M. brunnea Drake is the smaller species and is easily separated from M. foveata Drake by the nervures of the wing. (To be continued)
A New Sciarid from the Eastern United States (Dipt.: Mycetophilidae). By O. A. JoHANNSEN, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Sciara similans n. sp.
3 Length 2 mm. Head and antennze including the basal segments black. Antennae elongate, about seven-eighths as long as the wing measured from the humeral crossvein ; inter- mediate flagellar segments over three times as long as wide, Palpi short, dusky yellow, paler apically, terminal segment about twice as long as wide, the third segment a little shorter. Mesonotum, scutellum and upper half of pleura subshining black, remaining parts of the thorax duller black. Abdomen, including the genitalia, dull brownish black. Hypopygium resembles that of Sciara pauciseta, differing in having no distinct median ventral papilla and with the median bristles less closely crowded ; the clasper less slender, resembling that of S. johannseni Enderl. (fig. 125, Bul. 200, Me. Agr. Exp. Sta. 1912), with the mesal margin nearly straight but with the apical tooth rather shorter than shown in the figure mentioned.
Legs subfuscous; coxae and trochanters, particularly of the anterior pair, more yellowish; outer side of basal articulatory process (artis of MacGillivray) of the femora distinctly black and conspicuous; fore tibia with oval setiferous patch at the base of the spur as in S. pauciseta.
Wings grayish hyaline, veins subfuscous, distinctly yellow. at the base. Media and cubitus without setae, base of the radial sector at a point two-thirds distad from the humeral crossvein to tip of the anterior branch of the radius, the latter ends over one-eighth of wing-length proximad of the base of the fork of the media; petiole of cubitus about one-half the length of the base of the media; costa extends over two-thirds the distance
SKI, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 267
between the tips of the radial sector and anterior branch of the media ; radial sector ends slightly proximad of .85 the length of the wing and slightly proximad of the tip of the posterior branch of the media. Halteres yellow.
%, Differs mainly in being a little larger, with relatively broader wings, with the tip of the radial sector more retracted, with a shorter petiole of the cubitus and with relatively less distance between the tip of the anterior branch of the radius and the base of the fork of the media. Antennae less than five-eighths as long as the wing, the intermediate segments but little more than twice as long as wide.
The male of this species will fall in the couplet with S. pauciseta of Dr. F. W. Pettey’s key (Annals Ent. Soc, Amer. 11:1918) but may readily be distinguished by the characters given above.
A number of bred specimens. Holotype, allotype and para- types in the Cornell University Collection. Paratypes in the U.S, National Museum, and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge. The original specimens from which stocks were reared were obtained by Dr. C. W. Metz at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York.
Notes on the Life History of Catocala whitneyi (Dodge) (Lepid.: Noctuidae). By E. A. DopceE, Santa Cruz, California.
Mrs. O. F. Hiser of Arnolds Park, Iowa, last spring kindly sent me eggs of Catocala whitneyi. The same lady having previously furnished me seeds of its food plant, Amor pha fruticosa, I was enabled to rear this handsome species to maturity. ;
The egg is hemispherical, flattened at base, with eighteen vertical ribs reaching nearly to the micropylar area and with a few short ribs between.
Larvae commenced to emerge April 30th. Young larvae very restless. Head and thorax light yellow. Abdomen green.
Fifth day: Head pale orange. Middle of body deep green, striped longitudinally with white lines. wate
Soon after this date the larvae assumed with little change the colors and markings of the mature larvae.
Full grown larva cream white. Head white with a slight pinkish shade on lobes. Ornamentation consists of longitudinal, double, greenish brown lines, composed of numerous dots set close together. The space between has a row of dots through the
268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 725
middle. These bands are divided by a stripe of the body color having with one exception a row of dots through the middle. Dorsal band irregular, contracted at divisions of segments and widening in the middle, forming oval figures. This band con- tracted on second thoracic segment, becoming a single line over first segment, and joining the line down the face. Also contracted to a single line over last segment. Subdorsal band a double band of dark brown dots. This band contracted at head, forming a double, much branched band over head and ending in a point near jaws. Next band much lighter and also runs along side of head. The spiracular band is composed of very black dots with the reddish spiracles on lower line. This crosses the head near the jaws. Below this band a broad band of cream white with no row of dots through center. This is bordered below by a double line of light brown dots and several short lines above the prolegs. Prolegs spotted with black. Anal prolegs bordered behind with black.
Full grown larva one and three-fourth inches long. Under side greenish white thickly sprinkled with light brown dots. A black spot, longer than wide and pointed in front, on each of the body segments. First and second spots long and narrow. Proleg segments larger. Last segments mere black lines. Tubercles orange.
The spiracular band and the broad white stripe of body color below it are the most distinctive features and look like a band of black followed by a white band along the side of larvae. No filaments.
Pupa deep reddish brown; slight pubescence on thorax.
From emergence from egg to spinning in leaves, thirty-five days. Life in pupa thirty-seven days. Doubtless our cold California coast temperature has something to do with the unusual length of time of development.
A more strongly marked larva shows an orange shade over lobes of head and over first segment. The ground color of this larva is distinctly yellowish and all spots are larger and darker.
Of the six imagoes three are of the light, and three of the dark form. By comparing this description with the description of Catocala nuptialis, as published by Mrs. O. F. and J. S. Hiser in the Lepidopterist of October 25, 1918, many points of resemblance will be noted between the two species in the
larval form.
xxxvi, 725] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 269
Two New Species of Calendra (Col., Curculionidae). By A. F. Sattertuwait, U.S. Bureau of Entomology.
Incidental to the investigation of the life histories of the numercus North American species of Calendra Clairv. and Schellenb.*, (Sphenophorus Authors), it has been the privilege of the writer to study many collections of the species of this genus, through the courtesy of institutions and of individual entomologists. Several appear to be new species, and of these the following are now offered for publication :
Calendra multilineatus, new species.
Tibiae broadly rounded at outer apical angle, third joint of hind tarsus scarcely wider than, and that of front tarsus at least twice as wide as, basal joint of corresponding tarsus.
Elytral intervals more or less alternately elevated and each with impressed line or groove between its row of punctures and the stria. The odd intervals show this line as a narrow, coated groove from near base to near apex except next to suture, beginning about one-third back. The even intervals show this as the lateral termination of a broad band of gray coating, the row of punctures appearing as fine black dots in middle of this band. The portion of the even intervals between this groove and the stria is elevated and deeply indented by the punctures of the stria.
Thorax with three distinct raised vittae, the median expanded about middle, widest before middle, the laterals with branches reaching outer basal angles, though sometimes coated. Vittae finely punctured, polished except sometimes the branches of the laterals, interspaces thinly coated, coarsely, sparsely punctured.
* Calendra Clairville and Schellenberg, 1798, Ent. Helv., p. 62, takes priority over Sphenophorus Schonherr, 1838, Gen. et Sp. Curc., vol. 4, p. 874, as shown by Dr. W. D. Pierce, in Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 21, p: 26, Feb., 1919, to which the writer has made reference in his papers, “Notes on the Habits of Calendra pertinax Olivier,” in Jr. Econ. Ent., vol. 13, p. 280, June, 1920, and “Food Plants of Certain Billbugs,” in Ecology, vol. 2, p. 198, July, 1921. The fixation of Calendra abbreviata Fabricius as type for this genus by Latreille, 1810, Consid. Gen., appears final. A further manuscript by Dr. W. D. Pierce, to appear in Pro- ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, courteously sub- mitted to the writer, confirms this conclusion.
Dr. R. T. Cotton courteously submitted to the writer a portion of his monograph on Sitophilus, citing the error of the name Calandra on the plate and the name Calendra in the text and indicating that many scientists feel the authors intended the spelling to be Calandra. The writer feels, however, that with the change from Sphenophorus to Calendra or Calandra, the name should be the text name Calendra The writer wishes to thank both Dr. Pierce and Dr. Cotton for their generous submission of manuscripts.
270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., “Zo
Beak arcuate above and below, slightly prominent over scrobes, moderately compressed, postapical angle about 85 degrees, preapical angle slightly convex to flat.
General color black, overlaid with thin ashy gray coating in depressions.
Measurements in millimeters: %, Beak, width at middle, 0.38, apex, 0.47, base, 0.90, length, 4.26; pronotum, width, 4.61, length, 4.75; elytra, width, 5.42; length, 6.99; total length, 13.83:
Locality: “Minn.” Described from the larger of two females submitted through the courtesy of Professors A. G. Ruggles and H. H. Knight, of the University of Minnesota.
Type No. 27826, U. S. National Museum. Paratype in the University of Minnesota Museum. Other specimens of this species studied by the author are: a female in the U. S. National Museum, from ‘Utah Lake, 6/9, Coll. Hubbard & Schwarz, No. 556”; one specimen ‘“S. Haven, Mich., 9.74,” one, “Wis.,” two, “Ill.” and one without printed or written data, in the LeConte Collection in the Cambridge Museum of Natural History; a female from “Dune Park, Ind., Oct. 7, 01, W-S: B.,” in Mr. H. R. Painter’s collection; one male and two females determined by Dr. Geo. H. Horn as robustus H. and two males and one female subsequently added to the series, all — from “Ill,” in the Horn collection of the American Ento-— mological Society, at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
This species closely approaches Calendra robustus (Horn), but differs in that each interval of the elytra is divided into three nearly complete sub-intervals and the coating 1s ashy gray, thin and very incomplete, while robustus has the “surface evenly clothed with ochreus or plumbeus — sub-sericeus exudation.” |
Calendra medoraensis new species.
Front tibiae truncate at outer apical angle, third joint of hind tarsus one-and-a-half times, and that of front tarsus twice, as wide as corresponding basal joints. Elytral intervals distinctly alternately elevated, strial punctures small.
Thorax with three distinct, raised, black, sinuous vittae, the median nearly as wide as laterals, the latter with branches strongly defined to outer basal angles, interspaces nearly as
mov, 25)| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Zp
wide as median vitta, rather sparingly punctured with punctures nearly like punctures of elytral striae.
Beak moderately compressed, postapical angle about 90 de- grees, preapical angle flattened, arcuate beneath, the upper contour with a prominence over scrobes and another about one- fifth from apex.
Elytra with odd intervals elevated, black, polished through- out, very finely punctulate, portions of first and third con- fusedly bi- or tri-seriate, the balance uniseriate, sometimes irregular.
Metasternum and first and second sternites of male concave, the metasternum hairy, the concavity of first sternite with longer hair, especially near lateral margins, second sternite with short hair, scarcely visible, third, fourth and fifth sternites with hair not visible in profile; pygidium hairy, longest at extreme edge of outer apical angles.
The female differs from the male in having the abdomen convex beneath and hair of the sternum not visible in profile except on last sternite, very slightly, and the pygidium distinctly tapering, with the tufts of long hair at outer apical angles connected by a line of fairly long hair substantially back from the apex.
General color, dull red, overlaid above with black, polished elevations and with yellowish-gray coating in interspaces.
Measurements in mm.: male, beak, width at middle, 0.28, apex, 0.32, base, 0.64, length, 2.76; pronotum, width, 2.83, length, 3.05; elytra, width, 3.30, length, 4.71; total length 9.03. Female, beak, width at middle, 0.29, apex, 0.35, base, 0.70, length, 2.79; pronotum, width, 2.80, length, 3.11; elytra, width, 3.39, length, 4.53; total length, 9.37,
Locality : “Medora, Ks. 5-12-93” [Kansas]. Described from a male (type) and a female, both bearing the same data. De- posited in the U. S. National Museum through the courtesy of Professor C. L. Corkins, of Wyoming University.
Type No. 27827, U. S. National Museum,
This species closely approaches Calendra costicollis (Chttn. ) var. callosipennis (Chttn.), but has all odd intervals elevated and polished from base to apex of elytra. It closely approaches C. villosiventris (Chttn.), but the ventral surface of the male lacks the long hair of the second and fifth sternites and has the hair of the first sternite arranged in lateral bands, nearly as occurs in C. costipennis (Horn). The shape of the beak is nearly identical to that of some examples of costipennis,
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., NOVEMBER, 1925.
The Protection of Insects. The American Entomological Society recently received the following circular letter:
British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W.7. May, 1925.
The British Correlating Committee for the Protection of Nature, which is composed of representatives of the Societies in Great Britain (among them being the Entomological Society of London) interested in the protection of animal and plant life, has learnt with grave concern of the serious effect on the numbers of certain beautiful species of butterflies in the British Isles resulting from the use of the wings of these insects for jewellery and similar purposes.
Some of the most active dealers in these insects are in Canada and the United States. Accordingly the British Correlating Committee and the Entomological Society of London appeal to Entomological and Natural History Societies in Canada and the United States to use their utmost influence to prevent the threatened extermination of the coveted species. Inasmuch as legislation would be difficult both to secure and to enforce, use must be made of moral suasion. The dealers themselves would no doubt be fully alive to the disadvantage from the commercial point of view of a serious diminution in the number of these butterflies, and would be willing to cooperate in any reasonable measures to secure the end in view.
For the British Correlating For the Entomological Society
Committee for the Protection of London of Nature Rothschild, E. B. Poulton, Chairman. President. G. F. Herbert Smith, S. A. Neave, Hon. Sec.-Treas. Hon. Sec.
In response to this appeal, The American Entomological Society, at its meeting of September 24, 1925, adopted the
following : 272
Kikxviy: 25) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 273
Wuereas there is grave danger of exterminating some of the most beautiful species of insects for use in works of art and jewelry ;
Resolved, that The American Entomological Society strongly disapproves of such practice and herewith places itself on record as opposing the use of insects for decorative purposes.
In accordance with this action, the News henceforth will not print advertisements and offers of exchange of insects for
decoration.
On Dysodia granulata Neum. (Lepid., Thyridae).
Dysodia granulata Neum.
1883, Neumoegen, Pap., III, 137, Platythyris.
1913, Dyar, Ins. Insc, Menst., I, pp. 37, 39, 45, Dysodia. race igualensis Dyar.
1913, Dyar, Ins. Insc. Menst., I, pp. 37, 41, Dysodia.
D. granulata was described from Fort Huachuca, Arizona. We possess specimens from the Huachuca Mts., Paradise, Chiricahua Mts., and Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, which agree with the original description, and have a specimen compared with type by Dr. Barnes.
During the past two seasons, Mr. O. C. Poling has been sending specimens from the Baboquivari Mts., Pima Co., Ari- zona, varying from much darker than typical granulata, thru all transitional shades, to much paler ocher and rufous colors.
We ere informed by Mr. William Schaus that the ochreous specimens agree with the type of igualensis Dyar, described from Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico. Whereas all intermediates are present, and the ochreous specimens seem as common as the darker ones in Poling’s Baboquivari material, other Arizona localities have only supplied us either like the type of granu- lata, darker, or with somewhat more red on them,
In view of intermediates in the Baboquivari Mts., we see no reason to retain igualensis as a distinct species, but because of either the rarity or total absence of it from the type locality of granulata, we consider the name to be of subspecific sig- nificance. It should be added to our lists.
Ww». Barnes and F. H. Benyamin, Decatur, Illinois.
Calpodes ethlius in California (Hesperiidae, Lepidoptera).
Calpodes ethlius can now be definitely recorded from Cali- fornia, as specimens were taken (larva bred) near Long Beach, Les Angeles County, California, September 12, 1924.—J. D. GUNDER, Pasadena, California,
274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 725
Entomology by Radio.
The first of the radio talks of the Smithsonian Institution for the season, entitled “Flies,’ by Dr. J. M. Aldrich, was: given from Station WRC on October 1 (Science).
Zoological Record Part Insecta.
The “Insecta” part of the ‘“Zoclogical Record” (as distin- guished from the complete volume) will in future be published by, and only obtainable from, the Imperial Bureau of Ento- mology. The price for the part will be 15/-, as heretofore. It is, however, proposed as an experiment to break up a limited number of copies into the following sections, which will be sold as follows:
Section A. List of Titles and Subject Index .. 4/-
Section &B.¥ Coleopteraly ices. 05h canes 6/- section (Cr jeepidoptera. .cca Se eae ee 6/- Section .D. Hymenoptera and Diptera... J... 4/- Section E. Hemiptera, Orthoptera and remain- meyvOrders!: ck) no ateiieien oe 4/-
The above division has been instituted for the benefit of those entomologists who are interested in a portion only of the sys- tematic part of the work. It is in the nature of an experiment only and cannot be continued unless it is widely supported.
All orders for the “Insecta” part, or any sections of it, should be addressed to the Assistant Director, Imperial Bureau of Entomology, 41, Queen’s Gate, London, S.W.7. Orders for the complete volume of the “Zoological Record” should continue to be sent to the Zoological Society of London, London, Regent’s Park, London, N.W.8.
Wanted—Live Cocoons of Giant Silk Worms (Lepid). Prof. Joanny Petrequin, Professor of Sericiculture in the Laboratory for Silk Studies, No. 36 Rue Childebert, Lyon, France, and a member of the Committee on Propaganda of the Linnean Society of Lyon, and a group of his colleagues, are anxious to get this winter live cocoons of Attacus luna, Samia cecropia, Philosamia cynthia, Samia gloveri, and Telea polyphe- mus, also of Automeris, in order to enable them to continue certain experiments which were being carried on before the war and which they are about to resume. The effort is a sound scientific one, and American entomologists should be glad to help. I thing that a notice about this might very well be published in ENromoLoeicAL News. L. O. Howarp, Chief of Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C.
Sev 25)] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 275
Changes of Address. C. F. Adams to 3820 Harrison Boulevard, Kansas City. Franklin Sherman to Div. Entomology, Clemson College,
South. Carolina. Austin P. Smith to Hotel Lafayette, Havana, Cuba.
The Feeding of a Common Tiger Beetle (Coleop., Cicindelidae).
While making studies in chinch bug control for the Illi- nois State Natural History Survey in the summer of 1923, our most plentiful tiger beetle, Cicindela punctulata Oliv. was com- monly seen in the furrows of the chinch bug barriers. On the afternoon of July 23, a specimen of this beetle was observed in the process of getting a full meal. Sheltered from the hot afternoon sun by tall corn, this individual was observed to catch and consume nine large black nymphs and one adult of the chinch bug, in a period of twenty-six minutes. Most of the bugs present were of the last nymphal instar. The smaller individuals were obviously much more difficult to catch than the larger forms.
The predator took a position on a flat, slightly elevated spot from which it spied bugs from two to three inches away. The prey was reached by long rapid strides, but the aim of the mandibles was not always straight, and at times several efforts were necessary to secure the bugs. When the first effort failed, the bug feigned death momentarily, in which case the beetle was not able to relocate its intended victim. In all in- stances the bugs were moving when they first drew the preda- tor’s attention as were they also when pursued and caught. When the bug was successful in evading its enemy by “play- ing possum,” the tiger beetle quite promptly pursued another nymph. But the bug did not always remain motionless until the beetle went in pursuit of another, so that there occurred instances of failure as well as of success of tactics on both sides.
When the beetle secured its victim in its mandibles it usual- ly returned to the point from which it started. Thereupon the bug held in the jaws was struck briskly against the ground several times in rapid succession. This act may have served to stun or kill the prey, but probably rather aided in trans- ferring it from the terminal portion of the mandibles to the much shorter maxillae. During the act of consuming the bugs the beetle’s mandibles moved medio-laterad upon one another
276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 725
simultaneously with the action of the maxillae, although they performed no further part in the process of eating the victim. As far as could be observed, only the soft interior parts were torn or chewed off by the maxillae. A pellet consisting of the dark exoskeleton was dropped to the ground below the beetle’s head when the consumption of each bug was complete. The wings of the one adult were also discarded.
When the beetle began its meal the bugs were caught, de- voured and the inedible parts rejected at the rate of one vic- tim in thirty to fifty seconds. , However, when five or six had been eaten the predator’ was less voracious and spirited, an-1 a longer time elapsed in the intervals between consuming one bug and catching another. While catching and eating ten bugs, Cicindela stayed within a circle six inches in diameter. The repast finished, the beetle ran several feet up the furrow. Here it stopped and during a five minute period seemed to take a nap. Thereupon it spent fifteen minutes divided be- tween resting and grooming itself with its legs before it was routed from the furrow.
W. V. Bavtpur, University of Illinois, Urbana, Tl.
The Van Duzee Collection of Hemiptera
Mr. E. P. Van Duzee has presented his entire collection of Hemiptera to the California Academy of Sciences. After each specimen is labeled “E. P. Van Duzee Collection,” they are to be incorporated into the systematic collections of the Academy and are not to be used for exchange or for exhibition purposes. He has the privilege of temporarily withdrawing for study any of the specimens he may need for use at home.
Avoiding Name Priority Confusion (Lepid., Rhopalocera). In my last paper on Butterfly Aberrations published in the News, July, 1925, I referred, in comparative text only, to several of Dr. John Comstock’s newly named California butter- flies. To wit: Euph. chalcedona, ab. supranigrella Euph. chalcedona, ab. fus!secunda Euph. sierra, ab. umbrobasana Pleb. chlorina, form carolynae Some name priority confusion may arise because of the fact that the technical descriptions of these specimens have not as yet appreared in print. However, long prior to July, 1925, colored plates of these butterflies with their names specifically given below them, were distributed to most of our Western
oe
macy, 725 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 277
Lepidopterists and given out freely at meetings of the Lorquin Entomological Club of California. I understood also from Dr. Comstock that a number of the plates were sent to Eastern people and further that any accredited Lepidopterist who wishes to aquaint himself with these new forms need only apply to him at the Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, Calif., and the desired colored. plates will be sent at once. The bound plates and complete text matter are to appear later.
I consider the distribution of these named plates as sufficient publication to establish the names and give priority of author- ship to Dr. Comstock. These plates serve admirably to identify the specimens and are superior in that respect to any amount of description. Further; Article 16, Division B, of the Inter- national Rules states—“that in absence of a definition in words, the name he accompanied by a figure.”
J. D. Gunper, Pasadena, California.
Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph beginning with (N). Those pertaining to Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceded by an *.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
The titles occurring in the Entomological News are not listed.
4—Canadian Entomologist. &8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine. 9—The Entomologist. 11—Deutsche Ent. Zeitschrift. 12—Journal of Economic Ent. 14—Ento- mologische Zeit., Frankfurt a. M. 18—Internationale Ent. Zeit., Guben. 19—Bull., Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 29—Annual Rept., Ent. Soc. of Ontario. 33—Bull. et Annal. Soc. Ent. Belgique. 36—Trans., Ent. Soc., London. 3/—Proc., Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 41—Bulletin, Societe Ent. Suisse. 42Fnt. Meddelelser, Ent. Forening, Kjobenhavn. 49— Ent. Mitteilungen, Berlin. 50-——Proc. U. S. National Mus. 55—The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 60—Stettiner Ent. Zeit. 61—Proc., California Acad. of Sciences. 63—
278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 725
Deutsche Ent. Zeit., “Iris”. 75—Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 89—Zool. Jahrbucher, Jena. 100—Proc., Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia. 101—Biolog. Bull., Woods Hole, Mass. 107—Biologisches Zentralblatt. » 111—Archiv f. Naturg., Berlin. 113—Jour. Agric. Research, Wash- ington. 116—Ann. of Applied Biology. 118—Die Natur- wissenschaften, Berlin. 151—Oc. Pap., Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 154—Zoolog. Anzeiger.
GENERAL.—Adkin, R.—Dispersal of butterflies and other insects—Nature, cxvi, 467. Aue, A. U. E.—Ento- mologisches allerlei—14, xxxix, 89-90. Bequaert, J.— Arthropod enemies of mollusks, with descr. of a new dipterous parasite from Brazil—Jour. Parasitol., xi, 201-12. Fernald, H. T.—Rapidity of flight of a dragonfly. Flights of onion thrips.—12, xviii, 638. Horn, W.—Et meminisse et vaticinari liceat: Ueber ein echo—49, xiv, 201-2. Lind- holm, W. A.—Vorschlage zur genaueren bezeichnung der genotypen.—154, Ixiii, 161-5. Maheux, G.—Entomology in the rural schools in the province of Quebec.—29, lv. 73-5. Meissner, O.—Einige entomologisch-etymologische bemer- kungen.—18, xix, 163-4. Meyer, R—Fundortetiketten—ein notschrei.—18, xix, 144. Ochmann, O.—Einrichtung eines brauchbaren u. billigen thermostaten fur warme- und hitze- experimente.—18, xix, 130-31. Schroder, C.—Handbuch der entomologie. Lief. 17-18. Sherborn, C. D.—Index animalium. VI, Index, Ceyl.-Concolor. pp. 1197-1452.— London, Br. Mus. Third international congress of ento- mology.—9, 1925, 220-4. Weiss, H. B.—Entomology in the fables of John Gay.—4, lvu, 183-5. Wucherpfennig, F.— Ernst Garbe, Sao Paulo, Obituary.—14, xxxix, 69-70.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC.— Alverdes, F.— Korperstellung und lokomotion bei insekten nach eingriffen am gehirn.—107, xlvi, 353-64. Breiten- becher, J. K.—Inheritance of sex-limited bilateral asym- metry in Bruchus.—Genetics, x, 261-77. Breitenbecher, J. K—Inheritance of a macula mutation concerned with elytral spotting and latent traits in the male of Bruchus.— 101, xlix, 265-74. Feuerborn, H. J—Thorax der aptery- goten u. myriapoden. Zugleich ein ausblick zu den arachno- ideen.— 154, Ixiv, 29-50. Feuerborn, H. J.—Problem der segmentalen gliederung des insektenthorax.—154, lxiii, 169-82, 273-92. Frisch, K. v.—Sinnesphysiologie und “sprache” der bienen.—Verh. Ges. Deut. Naturf. u. Arzte,
rev 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 279
Berlin, 1924. Guthrie, J. D—New leg mutant in Droso- phila melanogaster.—Am.-Nat., lix, 479-80. Hilton, W. A.— Nerve endings in insects——Trans. Am. Micro. Soc., xliv, 132-7. Knoll, F.—Blutenokologie und sinnesphysiologie der insekten.—118, 1924, 988-93. Mavor, J. M.—Attack on the gene.—Sci. Month., xxi, 355-63. Warren, E.—Sperma- togenesis of spiders and the chromosome hypothesis of heredity.—Nature, cxvi, 395-6. Wheeler, W. M.—Evolution des insectes sociaux.—Rev. Sci. Ill., 1925, 548-57.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.
(N) *Chamberlin, R. V.—New N. American spiders. Expedition of the Cal. Ad. Sci. to the Gulf of California in 1921. Phalangida.—61, xiv, 105-42; 171-73.
(S) *Vitzthum, H.—Acarologische beobachtungen. 8.— PUT 924 SAY 10; ASS.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA.—Crawford, D. L.—Notes on California Psyllidae.—37, vi, 30-1. Storch, O.—Libellenstudien. Die eiablage von Somatochlora metallica—Akad. Wiss. Wien, Abt. I, cxxxiii, 57-85.
(N) *Cockerell, T. D. A.—New fossil dragonfly from Florissant.—9, 1925, 205-6. *Hood, J. D.—Notes on New York Thysanoptera, with descr. of new genera and sps.— 19, xx, 124-30.
(S) *Emerson, A: E.—Termites of Kartabo Bartica District, Br. Guiana.—Zoologica, vi, 291-459. Navas, A. F. L.—Neuropteren, megalopteren, plecopteren u. trichopteren aus Deutschen Ent. Inst.—49, xiv, 205-12 {Cont.). *Navas, R. P. L.—Insectos exoticos nuevos. 0 poco conocidos.—Mem. R. Acad. Cien. y. Artes, Barcelona, xix, 181-200. *Priesner, H.—Thysanopterologica—89, Syst., 1, 305-19.
ORTHOPTERA.—Carpentier, F.—Sur le double stig- mate de quelques orthopteres.—33, Ixv, 205-8. Heymons, R.—Orthopterologische ‘bemerkungen.—11, 1925, 163-66. Rockwood, L. P.—On night flying and attraction to light in Acridiidae and the relation of meteorological conditions thereto.—55, ii, 36-8.
(N) *Hebard, M.—Orthoptera of South Dakota—100,
Ixxvii, 33-155. *Hubbell, T. H.—New sp. of Pristoceu- thophilus from the Olympic mountains, “Wash.—S5, ii,
39-42.
280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Niow7.,( 225
(S) Campos, F.—Estudios sobre la fauna entomologica del Ecuador. Orthopteros——Rey. Col. Nac. V. Rocafuerte, v, No. 11, 3-43.
HEMIPTERA.—Chittenden, F. H.—Note on Lixus fimbriolatus. Note on the behavior of Leptoglossus oppo- situs.—19, xx, 123; 148-9. Davis, W. T—Note on Podops cinctipes and Solubea pugnax.—19, xx, 147. Jensen- Haarup, A. C.—Hemipterological notes and descriptions. [Descr. new Argentine sps.]—42, xiv, 323-38. Muir, F.— On the status of the anterior processes of the male genitalia in Homoptera —37, vi, 41-5. Singh-Pruthi, H.— Morphology of the male genitalia in Rhynchota.—36, 1925, 127-268. Valssiere, P—Note preliminaire sur les Mono- phlibinae (Coccides)—An. Epiphyties, ix, 419-29. Van Duzee, E. P.—The Van Duzee collection of Hemiptera. Two Arizona Hemiptera.—S5, ii, 15; 22.
(N) *Hungerford, H. B.—Study of the interrupta- harrisii group of the gen. Arctocorixa with descr. of n. sps. (Corixidae).—19, xx, 141-5. *Mason, P. W.—Revision of the insects of the aphid genus Amphorophora.—S0, 1xvii, Art. 20. *Osborn, H.—New Acinopterus from southern Cali- fornia.—55, 11, 22. *Van Duzee, E. P.—New mirid from Arizona.—S55, ii, 35.. *Van Duzee, E. P—New hemiptera from western North America.—6l, xiv, 391-425.
(S) Campos, F.—Notas biologicas sobre el Triatoma dimidiata—Rev. Col. V. Rocafuerte, v. No. 13, 1-Z. Goding, F. W.—Sinopsis de los Cercopidae del Ecuador. —Rev. Col. Nac. V. Rocafuerte, v. No. 11, 45-52. *Hussey, R. F.—New hydrometrid genus from Honduras.—19, xx,
115-19.
LEPIDOPTERA —Bethune-Baker, G. T.—On the scent-sacks in the genus Rhodogastria.—36, 1925, 321-29. Chopra, R. L.—On the structure, life-history, economic importance and distribution of the cocks-foot moth, Gly- phipteryx fischeriella—116, xii, 359-97. Coolidge, K. R— California butterfly notes——19, xx, 146-7. Ellis, W. O.— Some lepidopterous larvae resembling the European corn borer.—113, xxx, 777-92. Eltringham, H.—On the ab- dominal brushes in certain male noctuid moths. On a new organ in certain Lepidoptera. On the source of the sphragidal fluid in Parnassius apollo. On the abdominal glands in Heliconius. On the structure of the ocelli in Plusia gamma.—-36, 1925, 1-6; 7-10; 11-16; 269-76; 277-81.
xxxvi, 725] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 281
Farmiloe, C.—Ailanthus silkworm.—19, xx, 120-3. Guth, F.—Parthenopolis.—18, xix, 132. Hamlin, J. C.—Impor- tant Opuntia insects of the U. S.: Biological notes on the moth-borers (Pyralidae).—55, ii, 1-11. Muller-Rutz, J.— Ueber genitaluntersuchungen bei schmetterlingen.—41, xili, 429-34. Philpott, A—On the wing-coupling apparatus of the Hepialidae.—36, 1925, 331-40. Schuster von Forstner, W.-—Schlangenaugen der schwarmerraupen.— 18, xix, 157-8. Twinn, C. R.—Observations on the host- selection habits of Pieris rapae.—29, lv, 75-80.
(N) *Barnes & Benjamin.—New and rare L. from the southwest. Notes on Arizona Phalaenidae.—55, ii, 12-15; 16-21. *Blackmore, E. H.—New noctuid from Br. Colum- bia.—4, lvii, 205. *Comstock, J. A.—Studies in Pacific coast L.—Bul. So. Cal. Ac. Sci., xxiv, 37-8.
(S) *Hering, M.— Synopsis der amerikanischen Zygaeniden mit beschr. neuer arten.—63, xxxix, 152-68. Hoffmann, F.—Ueber die lepidopterenfauna von Sud- brasilien.—14. xxxix, 83. *Kruger, E.—Einige neue falter- formen aus Kolumbien und Surinam.—63, xxxix, 146-51. *Lathy, P. I—Castniidae of Trinidad and Tobago.—75, xvi, 242-3. *Lindsey, A. W.—Cornell Univ. entomological expedition to So. America of 1919-20.—Denison Univ. Bull., xxi, 71-114. Riley & Gabriel— Catalog of the type specimens of L. Rhopalocera in the Br. Mus. II, Danaidae. —British Mus. Pub., Catalogues. *Roeber J.—Neue falter. —60, Ixxxv, 184-90.
DIPTERA.—Isaac, P. V.—Head and mouth-parts of the larva of Tabanus rubidus. Mechanism of suction in the larva of T. tenens. Male and female genitalia of T. tenens.—Mem. Dep. Agr., India, Ent. Ser., viti, 93-108. Puri, J. M.—On the life history and structure of the early stages of Simuliidae.—Parasitology, xvii, 295-334 (Cont.) Steenberg, C. M.—Etude sur deux especes de Phronia dont les larves se forment de leurs excrements une couche pro- tectrice—Vid. Med. Dansk Nat. Foren., Ixxviii, 1-68. Thompson, W. R.—Larves primaires des Tachinidae du groupe des Echinomyiinae——An. Epiphyties, ix, 137-201.
(N) *Alexander, C. P.—Crane-flies of New England: First supplementary list.—151, v, 169-74. *Shannon, R. C. —No. American Sphecomyia (Syrphidae).—55, ji, 43-4. *Van Duzee, M. C.—Scellus virago and two forms closely related to it.—61, xiv, 175-83.
282 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 725
(S) *Bequaert, J—(See under General.) *Borgmeier, ‘T.—Neue myrmecophile phoridengatting aus Brasilien.— 49, xiv, 237-9. *Curran, C. HNew American Diptera.— 75, xvi, 243-53, 338-54. *Saunders, L. G.—On the life historv, morphology and systematic position of Apelma and Thyridomyia (Ceratopogoninae)—Parasitology, xvii,
252-77.
COLEOPTERA.—Chamberlin, W. J.—Coniferous trees of the U. S. with the scolytid beetles said to attack them.— 55, ii, 23-35. Chittenden, F. H.—Occurrence of Meligethes aeneus, in the U. S.—19 xx, 149. Fall, H. C.—Aptero- mechus microstictus.—19, xx, 123. Hatch, M. H.—An out- line of the ecology of Gyrinidae—19, xx, 101-14. Lenger- ken, H. v.—Vorstulpbare stinkapparate der imago von Tenebrio molitor—107, xlvi, 365-9. Rosenberg, E. C.— Contributions to the knowledge of the life-habits, develop- ment and systematics of the C.—42, xiv, 375-88. Schilder, F. A.—Rhipiphoriden-studien: Monographie des; genus Ptilophorus—11, 1925, 129-46. Voss, -E.—Unterfamilien Attelabinae und Apoderinae.—-60, Ixxxv, 191-304. [n. sps. described from other faunae]. Walker, J. J—Longevity in a buprestid beetle —8, lxi, 183. Williams, F. X.—A pro- thetelous larva of Monocrepidius exsul (Elateridae).—37, Vi, 21 tet2:
(N) *Blaisdell, F. E.—Studies in the Tenebrionidae. No. 2,—61, xiv, 369-90. *Hopping, R.—New C. from western Canada.—4, lvii, 206-8. *Swaine, J. M.—New species of Ipidae.—4, lvii, 192-7.
(S) *Blaisdell, F. E—Expedition to Guadalupe island, Mex. in 1922. Coleoptera.—61, xiv, 321-43. Campos, F.— La especie buscada.—Rev. Col. Nac. V. Rocafuerte, iv, No. 10, 3-7. Campos, F.—Catalogo sistematico y sinonimico de los Cicindelidos del Ecuador concidos hasta el dia— Rev. Col. Nac. V. Rocafwerte, vi, No! 15!-3-23) (*Zimmer- mann, A.—Drei neue dytisciden aus Sao Paulo, Brasil.— 49, xiv, 254-6.
HYMENOPTERA.—Andrews, E. A.—Ants and the community idea—Nature Mag., Oct. 1925, p. 217-20. Bequaert, J.—Eumenes dyscherus, a neotropical, not an African wasp, and other notes on synonymy.—19, xx, 134- 40. Bristowe, W. S.—Solitary wasps and their prey, with
xxxvy 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 283
special reference to the mantid-hunters.—75, xvi, 278-85. ’ Burkill, H. J.—Experimental work on oak-galls of the Cynipidae.—9, 1925, 219-20. Frisch, K. v.—Sinnesphysio- logie und “sprach” der bienen.—118, 1924, 981-7. Parker, R. L.—Marking honeybees for behavior studies. 12, xviii, 587-90. Phillips, E. F.—Review: Anatomy and physiology of the honeybee. By R. E. Snodgrass.—Science, |xii, 309- 10. Plath, O. E.—Role of bumblebees in the pollination of certain cultivated plants—Am. Nat., lix, 441-51. Robert- son, C.—Honey bees and perforated flowers.—Science, Ixii, 287-8. Verlaine, L.—Instinct et intelligence chez les Hymenopteres.—33, Ixv, 251-60. Wheeler, W. M.—Find- ing of the queen of the army ant, Eciton hamatum.—101, Ixix, 139-49.
(N) *Bequaert & Plath.—Description of a new Psith- yrus, with an account of P. laboriosus, and notes on bum- blebees.—Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool., Ixvii, 265-88. *Cockerell T. D. A.—Bees in the Coll. Cal Ac. Sci. Anthidiine bees in the Coll. Cal. Ac. Sci—61, xiv, 185-215; 345-67. *Cocke- rell, T. D. A——Descriptions and records of bees.—75, xvi, 228-33.
(S) *Santschi, F—Nouveaux Formicides Bresiliens et autres.—33, Ixv, 221-47. *Timberlake, P. H.—Description of new chalcid-flies from Panama and Hawaii.—37, vi, 173- 94. *Wheeler, W. M.—New guest-ant and other new Formicidae from Barro Colorado island, Panama.—101,
ixix, 150-81.
A GENERAL TEXTBOOK OF ENTOMOLOGY, Including the Anatomy, Physiology, Development and Classification of Insects, by A. D. Imms, D. Sc., Chief Entomologist, Rothamsted Experiment Station, Harpenden, England. Published by Methuen & Co., 36 Essex St., London,England. Pages x4 698. Illustrations, 604. Price, 36 shillings.
The subject matter is apportioned as follows: to “Anatomy and Physiology,” pages 1-156; to “Development and Metamor- phosis,” pages 157-198; to “Classification,” pages 199-667. An index of authors is given on pages 669-675, and a general index on pages 676-698.
This book ranks with Comstock’s revised “Introduction to Entomology” as the best of the recent books dealing with Entomology in general; and while Comstock’s “Introduction” will doubtless be more widely used by American students,
284 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 725
Imms’ “Textbook” will probably be more widely used in England and the Colonies, since its scope, material and method of treatment make it betier adapted for the latter purpose.
In America, the tendency is to emphasize the study of external morphology, since this phase of the subject is of more value in classification. European entomologists, on the other hand, are inclined to lay greater stress upon the study of internal anatomy, histology, etc., since these are of more value in the study of physiology, behaviour, bionomics, and similar phases of Ento- mology. Imms’ book shows the European influence in that two- thirds of the figures in the part dealing with ‘““Anatomy and Physiology” are of internal features, and even in the figures dealing with the venation of the Diptera, for example, there is a tendency to neglect the labelling of the veins, thereby making it somewhat more difficult for students to use the keys—a matter to which an American author, such as Comstock, would give more attention, due to his greater concern over the taxonomic phase of the subject.
The standard of scholarship maintained in Dr. Imms’ book is extremely high, and one marvels that in addition to his research and administrative duties, he could have found the time to read through and digest the immense amount of literature evidently thoroughly studied in the preparation of this work. The insular viewpoint is commendably absent from Dr. Imms’ book, and it is gratifying to note that in it many of the old familiar misconceptions have been wisely discarded, due to the fact that its author has kept abreast of the times; and it is hard to sympathize with the attitude of another reviewer who deplores the fact that in Dr, Imms’ lists of references ‘‘We miss the names of many of the older writers, and find instead a vast number of people quoted of whose existence we were unaware.” (See the “Ientomologists’ Monthly Magazine,” page 117 gf the May, 1925, issue. )
There is but little in Dr. Imms’ book that merits adverse criticism, and the only serious fault in it should be laid at the door of the publishers, not the author—namely the fault of making the binding so weak that it will not readily withstand the assaults of careless students! The price is quite high, and it is doubtful that every student can afford to purchase his own copy, so that many of those who use the book as a work of reference, will have to borrow a copy from the library, or from one of their more fortunate fellows, and it is to be feared that the book will not be returned in very good
seexviy! ZO] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 285
condition if the reviewer’s copy is typical of the binding of the entire edition! In other matters, however, the book is very satisfactory. The printing is good, and the illustrations are asa rule excellent and are well chosen. There are a few typo- graphical errors and mistakes which can readily be remedied in the next edition— namely, the transposing of the words mesothorax and metathorax in the description of the Dipteran thorax on page 592, the incorrect spelling “Anopleura’” (for Anoplura), etc.
It is inevitable that a book covering so wide a field will con- tain statements to which some specialists might take exception ; and as a morphologist, the reviewer would disagree with a few of the interpretations of the parts given in certain of Dr. Imms’ anatomical figures. Thus, in Textfigure 8, the structure inter- preted as the “prostheca’” of Slatta, is assuredly not the homologue of the structure called prostheca in beetles, nor is the sclerite interpreted as the “‘subgalea” in the same figure of Blatta the homologue of the sclerite interpreted as the “subgalea” in beetles (e. g., Textfigure 10). It is also unfortunate that Dr. Imms did not know of the fine monograph of the thoracic sclerites of the Diptera by Dr. Young (to whom no reference is made in the “Literature on Diptera’) for Dr. Young’s investigations have cleared up the uncertainties concerning the interpretation of the thoracic sclerites of the Diptera. of which Dr. Imms complains.
It is to be hoped that such poorly constructed ordinal terms as ‘““Ephemeroptera,” ‘“Psocoptera,” etc., will not be perpetuated in subsequent editions, and it is also to be hoped that in the preparation of the next edition of the book, Dr, Imms can find the time to investigate the matter of the relationships of the various orders of insects a little more throughly. Thus, for example, the Isoptera are much mote closely related to the Blattids and Mantids than Dr. Imms has indicated, and it is more than doubtful that the Grylloblattids should be grouped with the Cursoria rather than with the Saltatoria, their next of kin. Furthermore, the Mallophaga are extremely closely related to the Psocids (in fact Kellogg regards them as de- generate Psocids) and this relationship should be indicated, rather than to group the Mallophaga with the biting lice as members of the order Anoplura.
In the section dealing with the classification of insects there are likewise some improvements to be made in a subsequent edition. Thus the key to the major groups of the Lepidoptera,
286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., ’25
for example, is not very reliable for the American forms, and it would have been well to give a figure of the much-used setal maps which are invaluable in the classification of Lepidopterous larvae, etc. These matters, however, are of minor importance, and do not constitute any serious objections to a book of which its author may justly feel proud, and one which will remain a standard work of reference for many years to come. The reviewer would unhesitatingly recommend Dr. Imms’ book as one of the best texts dealing with Entomology in general, and no student who intends to make Entomology his life work, can afford to be without 1t—G. C. CRAMPTON.
Doings of Societies.
The International Entomological Congress at Zurich.
The Third Internaticnal Entomological Congress was held at Ziirich, Switzerland, last summer from July 19th to July 25th The congress was largely attended. About two hundred men and about fifty women took part in its various functions. The majority of the delegates were from England and her depend- encies, from Germany, and, naturally, from Switzerland, al- though Denmark, Holland, Austria, Sweden, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Estland, Finland and Czechoslovakia were represented. From the United States there were present, in addition to the writer, Prof. O. E. Johannsen, Dr. W. R. Thompson, Mr. S. M. Dohanian, and Dr. E. Graenicher. By the way, this representation of the United States is of interest as indicating the cosmopolitan character cf our country, from the fact that Professor Jo- hannsen is of Scandinayian descent, Doctor Thompson was born in Canada, Mr. Dohanian is of Armenian descent, and Doctor Graenicher was born in Switzerland.
The absence of delegates from Italy, France and Belgium, all nearby countries, is explained almost solely by the un- fortunate condition of the monetary exchange as affecting those countries, and not on account of hostility to the German language which prevailed at the congress. The present par condition of the Swiss franc made it so extremely expensive for people of these nations that they were obliged to stay at home.
xmav, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 287
In spite of this fact, the congress was a great success. More nations were represented than at the previous meetings at Brussels and Oxford.
Dr. A. von Schulthess, of Zurich, presided. He has an im- pressive personality, and carried on the sessions of the congress with much dignity, tact and courtesy. The local committee had made excellent arrangements, and the different meetings went on without the slightest friction.
It was a great pleasure to meet many distinguished men, all old pre-bellum friends, for the first time since the peaceful years antedating 1914. Anton Handlirsch, of Vienna, for example, who was to have been the president of the congress which was to have been held in 1915 in Vienna, Horvath and Jablonowski of Budapest, Walther Horn and C. Boerner of Berlin, Reh of Hamburg, Eckstein of Eberswalde, Escherich of Munich, Prell of Tharandt, Spaeth of Vienna, and others.
There was a very large delegation from England and the English dominions and colonies. Dr. Karl Jordan was there of course, Lord Rothschild, Prof. Poulton, Rev. F. D. Morice, Gao Fee Nuttall.Ge A. K Marshall; S.A. Neave; Balfour= Brown, James Davidson, Hugh Scott, Waterston, Edwards, Laing, Munro, MacDougall—all men whom the writer was especially glad to see—and then Williams from Cairo, Urich from Trinidad, Fletcher from India, and many others, the British delegation numbering more than fifty.
The writer was especially glad to see his old friend, Dr. Y. Sjostedt of Sweden, and his more recent friends, Ivar Trag- ardh and his charming wife, of the same country.
From Holland came Father Wasmann, who read several papers and took part in a number of discussions, Professor van Bemmelin of Groningen who charmingly and vigorously discussed certain mimicry questions with Dr, Poulton and Prof. T. Schoevers, the secretary of the International Conference of Economic Entomologists and Phytopathologists at Wageningen in 1923; and Ed. Everts, now of Caen, France, was also there to greet his old friends.
J. P. Kryger of Denmark was also present: but the writer
288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., ’25
missed his old friend S. Mokrzecki of Warsaw (formerly of Simferopol) who was taken ill just before starting. He sent his greetings however by Dr. R. Bledowski.
Spain was represented by the veteran Father Longinos Navas, Candido Bolivar and his delightful wife and sister, and by two younger men, M. M. de la Escalera and J. da Silva Tavares.
As at the Oxford Congress, general sessions were held in the mornings and sectional sessions in the afternoons. An excellent account of the meeting by R. Stewart MacDougall was published in Nature for August 15th, and the readers of the NEws are referred to this article for some account of certain of the principal papers read. Doctor MacDougall, however, in his account, modestly refrains from mentioning his own prominent part in the congress. He presided at one of the meetings of the section on economic entomology and gave a very important address. He took part in the general discussions at the general sessions on several occasions, and made a capital speech at the final banquet. He is a man of force, is a charming speaker and a most lovable character,
The social functions of the congress were delightful. Those which the writer was able to attend, namely the opening gather- ing on Sunday night, the 19th, the boat ride on the lake, and the final dinner, were joyous affairs.
The writer was obliged to leave’ Ztirich on the morning of the final day and so is not informed authoritatively as to the resolu- tions adopted at the closing session. He was told the previous day by members of the Executive Committee that the Congress will be glad to meet in the United States in 1928, provided that the entomologists of this country are able greatly to lessen the expense of the journey to the Europeans. He was also told that the officers for the next Congress will not be chosen until the meeting place is selected.
As to the results of the committee work, we must wait for the official announcements which will probably be published in some of the European journals before the probably delayed publication of the volume of proceedings.
L. O. Howarp.
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_ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
XXXVI
VOL.
DECEMBER, 1925
No. 10
CONTENTS
Bequaert—Neotermes Injurious to Living Guava Tree with Notes on
| Editorial—Coleman T. Robinson......
: : 309 Beamer—The Overwintering of Ves-
other Amazonian Termites........ 289 pula communis var. flavida Sladen Hungerford and Beamer—Report of (Hym:© Vespidae) ico csmecnesienesas 309 Collections of Aquatic Hemiptera | Weiss—Coleoptera New to New Jersey 310 taken in Cherokee Co., Kan., and | Entomological Literature.............. 10 other New Records from the State, 295 | Review, A Monograph of the -Plecop- Frost—Convergent Development in tera of America North of Mexico.. 314 Leaf-Mining Insects......:.....-.. 299 Review—A Bibliography of the North Knight— Description of a New Species American Hemiptera-Heteroptera. 315 of Plagiognathus from the Eastern Doings of Societies—The American En- United States (Hem., Miridae)..... 305 tomological Society: Diptera, Cole- Hasey—A New Species of Trogus optera, Economic, Orthoptera..... 316 (Hym.: Ichneumonoidea)...-....- 306 | Obituary—Carlo Emfery...............- 318 Viereck—Recent Impressions of the | Obituary—Henry W. Wenzel.......... 320 British VOUSEMIN: scl ceeceltensess ess 308
Neotermes Injurious to Living Guava Tree, with Notes on other Amazonian Termites. By J. BEQUAERT, Department of Tropical Medicine, Harvard University Medical School. (Plate VIII.)
During the Third Hamilton Rice Expedition to South America, in conjunction with the Department of Tropical Medicine of Harvard Medical School, I had occasion to make a few observations on termites which may be of interest to others. The species were identified by Mr. T. E. Snyder, of the United States Bureau of Entomology. I gratefully acknowledge his help and also wish to thank him for valuable information re- garding some of the habits recorded.
The trip, made from July to September, 1924, was confined to the immediate banks of the Amazon and its affluents, the Rio Negro and Rio Branco. The alluvial, central portion of the Amazon Basin, although densely wooded, is so low that much of it is covered by the flood for several weeks in succession. The highest level is said to be reached in May or June, when 20 to 50 feet of water. The some 20 to
the forested banks are beneath alluvial valley then forms a major bed to the river,
289
290 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec.i225
40 miles wide, where the water flows swiftly between the trees. Of course, these peculiar conditions have been frequently described and they are merely noted here because they, explain the scarcity of termites in the part of the country which I have visited, as contrasted with their abundance in the higher-lying forest of Guiana or the grass-lands and dry woods of southern Brazil. Periodically inundated land, much; of which remains swampy throughout the year, is highly unsuitable for terrestrial termites, and I have found that even arboreal species are scarce in such areas.
In places that are permanently above water—on so-called “terra firma”—termites did not impress me as particularly abundant either. Although the small number of species ob- tained may be largely due to lack of diligent collecting, I was struck with the absence of hilly clay-nests and arboreal termi- taria of carton, which are so conspicuous a feature of the Congo forest, for example. Furthermore, in the houses, even of the smaller towns, the depredations of the termites were not by any means as spectacular as in tropical Africa and I did not notice that the inhabitants worried a great deal about them. In Manadés particularly these insects appeared to do but little damage.
I am inclined to believe that in the Amazon valley, terrestrial and arboreal termites are to a considerable extent kept in check by the formidable array of true ants (Formicidae). That keen observer of Amazonian life, Richard] Spruce, noted that ants “deserve to be considered the actual owners of the Amazon valley, far more than either the red or the white man.” (Notes of a Botanist on the Amazons and Andes, IT, 1908, p. 366). The leaf-cutting and! fungus-growing attine ants seem to be everywhere, and termites with a similar diet could hardly hope to compete with them. It is not surprising, therefore, that fungus-growing termites, which are extremely abundant in the Old World tropics, are not known with certainty from America. In addition, South America possesses very many species of large and aggressive ecitonine and ponerine ants, almost wholly restricted to carnivorous food and for which termites are a particularly welcome and defenceless prey. An excellent ac-
xxv, 725] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 291
count of ants as enemies of termites has been given by E. Hegh (Les Termites, 1922, pp. 573-586).
K ALOTERMITIDAE.
Neotermes castaneus (Burmeister). On August 7th, I noticed in the garden of Dr. H. W. Thomas’ laboratory, at Manads, a guava tree (Psidium guayava Raddi; “goiabeira” of the Brazilians), which on one side of the main trunk, sorne four to six feet above the ground, presented many irregular holes. Although plugged up with dark grayish dirt, these holes seemed to exude sap. When opened they led through the healthy bark and cambium into narrow galleries gnawed in the live wood. Tt was at first thought that the tree was attacked by wood-boring beetle larvae, until at one of the holes appeared the head of a termite, which, when I attempted to capture it with a forceps, retreated at once in the trunk of the tree. When a hole was opened, atermite would soon appear, back up to the entrance, and void from the tip of the abdomen excremential matter which rapidly hardened into a gray, earthen-like substance. By sawing off one of the limbs of the tree, many larvae, nymphs and winged adults of Neotermes castaneus were obtained ; but soldiers were much less numerous.! The central portion or heart-wood of the limb was honeycombed with wide galleries, burrowed in the hard and apparently sound wood (Fig. 1). The galleries extended far up the tree, into branches which were but 2 inches thick. The largest of the cavities were partly filled with moist, decaving. dark brown wood-pulp. The internal labyrinth connected with the openings in the bark by means of horizontal and fairly straight channels. These entrances help in the ventilation of the nest and serve to evacuate some of the material removed by the gnawing of the galleries, the wood first passing through the digestive tract of the workers. They are found on the main trunk and larger limbs only and all crowded together on one side, facing the northeast on the main trunk and placed on the under side of the limbs. All the activities of the termites are carried on inside the trees and the ee The Kalotermitidae differ from the other termites in having no
worker caste differentiated as such. The larvae function as workers, but eventually develop into nymphs, which give males and females.
292 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fDec:, 25
insects do not build covered passageways on the outside of the trunk.
The guava tree appeared to be in a sickly condition, though still well alive. Even on some of the limbs that were completely honeycombed in the center, the smaller branches were still
(it yt
| +
Fig. 1. ‘Three cross-sections and a longitudinal section of living guava limbs, honeycombed by Neotermes castaneus (Burmeister ). The longitudinal section illustrates the progress of the galleries in the sound wood. One-half of natural size.
covered with leaves, as shown in one of the photographs (Plate VIII). I am inclined to believe that the labyrinth of internal galleries forming the nest of the termites was but little in- jurious to the plant, since it nowhere approached the sap- wood, cambium and bark. The damage was probably chiefly due to the many holes drilled through the outer layers of the stem.
So far as known the diet of termites is exclusively vegetarian. Yet they but seldom attack living tissues of plants and the few recorded cases all refer to Kalotermitidae. The majority of the
SoKeevi,.\°25)] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 293
members of that family, however, still prefer dead, dry, or decaying wood. Kalotermes militaris Desneux attacks the tea- trees in Ceylon in exactly the same fashion as Neotermes castaneus does with the guava tree (see E. Hegh, Les Termites, 1922, p. 46, footnote) and several other species of that genus are known to gnaw galleries in living wood (E. Hegh, op. cit., pp. 339-344). No such observations have as yet been published on Neotermes castaneus, but Mr. Snyder informs me that he found it “infesting hving red mangrove treed in a swamp at Miami Beach, Florida, in 1916, 1917, and 1918. Both roots (above ground) and trunk were attacked and the termites burrowed through living cambium.”
The intestinal tract of the larvae of Neotermes castaneus, examined by Dr. R. P. Strong, Mr. Ralph Wheeler, and myself at Manaos, revealed several species of Protozoa in great abundance. Spirochaetes were represented by at least two types’ (see R. P. Strong, Science, LXI, 1925, p. 103). Of flagellates there were large trichonymphids, most easily observed in the drops of fecal matter, which the workers void when even slightly disturbed ; also a much smaller, bi-flagellate form. The wall of the intestine was lined with a gregarinid, apparently of the genus Stylocephalus (Stylorhynchus), pro- vided with a long, snout-like appendage or epimerite, fixed in the epithelium. This parasite is perhaps as yet undescribed. The only gregarinid reported from termites is “Gregarina” ternutis Leidy, which is very superficially known (see Minnie Watson Kamm, I]linois Biolog. Monogr., VIT, 1, 1922 p. 56), and may have been based upon sporonts of a Stylocephalus.
RiINOTERMITIDAE,
Leucotermes tenuis (Hagen). A few workers and soldiers of this small species were found among decaying grass under stones, in a waste place at Manaos. ‘They are probably the termites which in the Amazon valley most commonly do damage in human habitations.
Rhinotermes nasutus (Perty). A small colony, with workers and soldiers, was observed in a decaying tree stump,
294 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dees 725
near the edge of a forest clearing at San Alberto, at the mouth of the Rio Branco. TERMITIDAE.
Syntermes grandis (Rambur) and Syntermes brasiliensis Holmgren. Both these large species of termites were observed ° at Vista Alegre, on the Rio Branco, September 6th. They were foraging in broad daylight and sunny weather, between 9 and 10 A. M. The, soldiers and workers had spread over the soil, but not in very large numbers, and were busily engaged in collecting stalks; and leaves of grasses and other low plants. The two species, of which S. grandis is much larger, were work- ing but a short distance apart, although on quite distinct areas. In each case the termites carried their burdens into a number of large openings leading into deep vertical channels in the sandy soil. The nest itself could not be reached.
I also observed a column of the large ponerine ant, Neoponera commutata (Roger) (identified by Prof. W. M. Wheeler), preying upon these termites, apparently attacking the workers only, of which they carried off many individuals. Soon after the ants appeared on the scene, the termites withdrew completely under the ground. .
The Syntermes were only found in the savanna country— so called campos—which cover much of the Upper Rio Branco basin, as far south as Vista Alegre.
The foraging habits of certain Old World termites have been described by several observers, beginning with Koenig, in 1779, and Smeathman, in 1781. Some of these species are known to work in broad daylight (see E. Hegh, Les Termites, 1922, pp. 225-261). But little seems to have been published concerning similar habits in South American termites. Mr. T. E. Snyder informs me that Dr. W. M. Mann collected two species of Syntermes on the Mulford Expedition to Brazil and Bolivia, with some date, on foraging.
EXPLANATION OF PLate VIII.
Injury to living guava tree by Neotermes castaneus (Bur- meister). Cross-section of a limb (right) and surface of the bark, showing the holes leading into the galleries (left).
Si tale tal = ? Rava, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 295
Report of Collections of Aquatic Hemiptera taken in Cherokee County, Kansas, and other New Rew Records from the State. >y H. B. HuNGeErRForp and R. H. BEAMER, University of Kkansas, Lawrence, Kansas. (Continued from page 266.) HypDROMETRIDAE,
Hydrometra martini Kirk. This species was reported for Kansas several years ago by the senior author. We took sev- eral specimens at Topeka, Kansas, May 26th, 1923, and on October 8th at Rock Pool, east of Lawrence, Kansas, we found the species very abundant. We brought in 135 specimens, but left most of them at the pool. Fully winged forms are quite common in this lot. The senior author has taken great num- bers of this species about Douglas Lake, Michigan, and at various places in Minnesota. Neither of these places are mentioned in Van Duzee’s Catalogue. Dr. R. F. Hussey re- ported the species from Michigan. This species was taken in Morton County, Kansas, by Mr. Clarence O. Bare and by Mrs. Grace Wiley in Colorado County, Texas.
Hydrometra australis Say, This species is not as common nor as wide spread as the preceding. From Cherokee County we got 18 males and 7 females on August 15 and 16, 1920. Mr. Beamer got one female from the same locality in Decem- ber, 1920. Other Kansas records are:
R. H. Beamer, Chautauqua County, 1916, Leavenworth County, July 1, 1924, and Atchison County, July 11, 1924; J. B. Norton, Riley County, August and September; H. B. Hungerford, Douglas County, at Rock Creek, July, 1922; and E, P. Breakey, Leavenworth County, July 1, 1924.
These two species are about the same size and gencral ap- pearance, but the following table to the North American spe- cies taken from the Canadian Entomclogist for March, 1923, will enable the collector to identify his catch.
A. Pits on side above middle coxa numerous and irregu-
larly placed; length more than 13 mm. (13% to 15% HEBORE, ) pees. cis, ral done, suas sniteaeeetc anes H, wileyt Hungerford.
296 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Decs<"25
AA. Pits on side above middle coxa seldom more than four; length less tran 12 mm. (8 to 11 mm.)
B. Pits on side above middle coxa normally two. Two thin plate-like elevations on under side of sixth seg- inent ta Male AA Ase ee ee Oe H. martin Wark.
BB. Pits on side above the middle coxa normally four ; Two conical elevations on underside of sixth segment Ith GMa WO aves Dhak eine bei he ce ae Hi. australis Say.
MESOVELIIDAE.
Mesovelia bisignata Uhler (= M. mulsanti White?) is com- mon in Kansas and is wide-spread over the United States. It is in our collections from Texas, Michigan, Minnesota and New York, For a long time this has been the only representative of the family known in the United States, but recently the senior writer has described two beautiful little species from Michigan.*
VELTIDAE.
Of the four genera in the United States three are repre- sented in Kansas—Velia, Rhagovelia and Microvelia. The junior author secured a single specimen of Velia watsom Drake in Cherokee County, Kansas. This slender little species was described from Florida. Rhagovelia rivale Bueno, recently described, was collected by the senior author in Douglas County, Kansas. The genus Microvelia is represented through- out the state. It must be stated here that the colored drawing on Color Plate III, Figure 7, of the senior author’s “Biology and Ecology of Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Hemiptera,” Uni- versity of Kansas Science Bulletin, Volume XI, is not Micro- velia borealis Bueno but Microvelia hinei Drake. The latter species was undescribed at the time Mr. Bueno determined the species from which the drawing was made, This clears up a point in question concerning the number of molts (see page 139 of above bulletin). This little Kansas species goes through five nymphal stages. Bueno reported four for M. boreals.
OCHTERIDAE.
This family contains but three species for the United States
* See Annals ae Ecomolonel Society of America, Vol. XVII, pp. 453-456.
meexvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 297
and we have in our collections no specimens taken from Kan- sas. Dr. Carl J. Drake has in his collection a female Ochterus americanus (Uhler) from Kansas and we give it here as a new record for the state. GERRIDAE,
Metrobates hesperius Uhler was taken by us August 15, 1920, in Cherokee County, Kansas, and by the senior author at Dykeman’s Bridge, Douglas County, Kansas, in July, 4022.
N AUCORIDAE,
We did not take any species of this family in Cherokee County, Kansas. Mr. Beamer got Pelocoris carolinensis Bueno at Coldwater, Kansas, in July, 1916. On September 7 and 8, 1923, Mr. Clarence O. Bare brought in from the same pool 68 specimens, all but seven of which were adult.
NOTONECTIDAE,
Genus Notonecta: Notonecta undulata Say is common all over the state and Notonecta variabilis Fieb. is recorded in Van Duzee as occurring in Kansas, All of the specimens labeled as N. variabilis Fieb. in collections of Kansas insects have been pale specimens of N. undulata Say. In December, 1922, the junior author took several very small specimens that run down to N. raleigh Bueno and have structural details like N. variabilis Fieb., but not like N. undulata Say. In Rock Creek in Cherokee County, three miles south east of Columbus, Kansas, we took a single specimen of Notonecta irrorata Uhl., a new record for the state. Most diligent search for more specimens of this beautiful species failed. One of our students, Jean Linsdale, recently collected a specimen in Doniphan County, Kansas.
Genus Buenoa: We took a considerable series of the Buenoa margaritacea Bueno group which possesses the large scutellum. Mr. Bueno has placed these in two species, The larger ones he calls B. margaritacea and the smaller ones B. platycnemts (Fieb.). Buenoa elegans (Tieb.), which is much smaller and has a small scutellum, was taken by us in Cherokee County and has been reported by Mr. Bueno. We find this species quite abundant in two ponds about Lawrence.
298 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec 25
Genus Plea: We did not secure any specimens of Plea striola Fieb. Mr. Beamer got a series in a pool near Cold- water, Kansas, in 1916. Mr. Beamer and Dr. P. B. Lawson collected 9 specimens in a pool six miles east of Yates Center, Woodson County, Kansas, July 30, 1924.
NEPIDAE.
In Larson’s pond, which is a half mile south east of Colum- bus, Kansas, we took a long series of Ranatra, the first the writers had ever taken in the state. Larson’s pond is a spring- fed pond, an acre or two in extent. Pond lilies and Sagittaria are common and cattails grow at the upper end. Much of our Cherokee County material came from this fine pond. Here we took Ranatra kirkaldyi Bueno and Ranatra nigra H. S. (= R. protensa Mont.). In December, 1922, the junior writer visited this pond and secured a single specimen of fF. nigra H. S., but in a small creek just 75 yards away he col- lected a long series of Ranatra including the following species: R. kirkaldyi Bueno, R. fusca P. B. (= R. americana Mont.), R. nigra H. S. (= R. protensa Mont.) and R. australis Hun- gerford. This is a remarkable record. Four species of Ranatra in one day’s collecting is an unusual catch! The first record for Ranatra in Kansas was in Popenoe’s 1883-84 list—R. quadridentata Stal. (this is Rk. fusca P. B. probably). On (a recent field trip, (October 22, 1923, to a pond-near Lawrence, Kansas, the writers secured a long series of R. fusca P. B. The junior author took 14 specimens from a single tumble weed that had lodged in the water near the shore. A single specimen of R. nigra H. S. was taken on this date. On December 28th, 1923, the junior author visited the collecting place in Cherokee County again and secured seventy- two Ranatra from the creek. They belong to three species as follows: 2 Ranatra australis Hungerford (1 male and 1 fe- male); 8 Ranatra nigra H. S. (2 males and 6 females) ; 64 Ranatra kirkaldyi Bueno (25 males and 39 females).
BELOSTOMATIDAE.
In our Cherokee collecting we took Belostoma flumineum
Say. On December 27th, 1922, Mr. Beamer brought back
xo, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 299
from that country a considerable series of Belostoma. These appear to belong to two species, the smaller of which we call Belostoma flumineum Say and the larger one we have sent to Mr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno for study. This larger form is broader across the abdomen and in lateral view the head is seen to extend farther before the eyes than in B. flumineum Say. Mr. Beamer’s December collection has 40 of the large form, both sexes, and 32 of B. flumineum Say, both sexes. On December 28th, 1923, Mr. Beamer secured from the same place 6 specimens of the large species and 3. specimens of Belostoma flumineum Say. The larger species has been de-
termined for us by Mr, J. R. de la Torre-Bueno as Belostoma lutearum Stal.
Convergent Development in Leaf-Mining Insects. By S. W. Frost, Pennsylvania State College.
All leaf-mining insects, by their nature, living between, the two epidermal layers of a leaf, are subject to similar modi- fications for their life processes. The laying of eggs, the get- ting of food, the disposal of waste material and the provision for transformation are life habits to which all must adapt them- selves, in their peculiar manner of living. Extreme modifica- tion and specialization have been made in all lines but none are perhaps peculiar to leaf-mining except the getting of food and the disposal of waste material. These two become problems to all boring and leaf-mining insects. It is not strange there- fore that we find noteworthy parallelisms in the development of the mining habit in the different orders of insects.
The leaf-mining habit naturally developed independently in the various orders and no doubt has arisen several times in the different orders, unless it be the Hymenoptera where we find a homogeneous group of species differing little in their habits except in a few individual cases. In the Coleoptera there is evidence that the mining habit has arisen at least three times; the Buprestidae present a highly specialized type while the Curculionidae and the Chrysomelidae represent more primitive forms. In the Lepidoptera and the Diptera there is strong evidence that the habit has arisen independently many different times.
300 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec.c725
Taking for granted, therefore, that the mining habit has arisen independently in the four orders, it is interesting to trace the development of parallel habits in these orders. These habits are centered about the principal life processes of the insects and are summarized in the following table.
A SUMMARY OF THE HABITS OF LEAF-MINING INSECTS.
LAYING OF GETTING OF FOOD. Kggs. Larvae. | Laid Laid ‘Sap | Faren-| Enter | Feed c
Orders. within on feed- | chyma| new after Petes Tien leaves. | leaves.| ers. | feeders.) leaves. | mining. : :
Hymenoptera ... some some none | all some none all none Lepidoptera ..... some some | some | some | some some | some | some Coleoptera ...... some some none all | none none some some Diptera rtsterelere some | some none all | some none some some — DISPOSAL, OF TRANSFOR-
x DD. pen SE GPU Bee WASTE, MATION. Larvae. Adults. | Digi- | Tenti- | Feed Frass | Frass | Pupa | Cocoon Orders. tate | form on Frass | ina scat- in | cut fr. miners. miners. Leaves. @Jected.| Jine. | tered. | leaves.| leaves. i]
Hymenoptera ...| none none none some | none some some some Lepidoptera ..... some | some | none some | some | some some | some Coleoptera ...... none none all none | none all some | none Diptera’ 252.3% | one none | some none | some some some | none
Tue LAyING oF Eccs,
It makes little difference to a leaf-mining insect whether the eggs are laid upon or within the tissues of the host. In the one case, the female is provided with a specialized ovipositor adapted for piercing the leaf and inserting the eggs within the tissues of the plant, in the other case, the young larva is pro- vided with saw-like mouth hooks or mandibles suitable for gaining an entrance into the interior of the leaf. The develop- ment of both methods can be traced through the four leaf-min- ing orders.
The manner in which the leaf-mining Diptera gain entrance to their host, has been discussed by the writer in a previous paper*. The Trypetidae and Agromyzidae have ovipositors which are more or less elongated, highly chitinized and suited for piercing the leaf and inserting the egg within the host. In
*Frost, S. W. Cornell Agric. Exp. Sta. Memoir 78, 1924.
xxi, 225] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 301
Phytomyza varipes Meig., a European species, the ovipositor is as long as the remainder of the abdomen, a remarkable development for this group. In the Anthomyiidae, however, the ovipositor is generalized, membranous and _ telescoped within the fifth abdominal segment and is not suited for punc- turing the leaf. To compensate for this deficiency, the larva of the first instar has highly developed saw-like mandibular sclerites which permit it to readily gain entrance to the host.
In the mining Lepidoptera, both types of ovipositors are found. The species laying eggs on the surface of the leaf are represented by forms such as the Micropterygidae. These are very primitive Lepidoptera and exhibit the extreme lack of ability, on the part of the female to insert her eggs within the tissues of the plant. The tip of the abdomen is generalized, ending in two retractile segments without the trace of an ovi- positor. The other extreme is found in Eriocrania and Incur- varia, species which insert their eggs within the tissues of the host. In these the abdomen of the female terminates in a horny, piercing ovipositor with powerful mucles.
In the Coleoptera, we likewise find both habits developed. Probably all the Buprestidae and Chrysomelidae lay their eggs upon the surface of the leaf, while the Curculionidae, as far as the writer knows, insert their eggs within the tissues of the host.
The type of ovipositor, adapted for inserting eggs within the tissues, reaches its highest development in the Hymen- optera. The saw-like ovipositor of the Tenthredinidae is a well known and most efficient instrument for this purpose. While most American writers believe that all of the Tenthredinidae insert their eggs within the leaves, Cameron (1882)* and other European workers state that some of the species lay their eggs upon the surface of the leaves.
Tue GETTING OF Foon.
Certain remarkable habits, associated with the getting of food, have arisen in the leaf-mining insects. Some species have developed the faculty of entering fresh leaves when their
* Cameron, P. British Phytophagous Hymenoptera, 1882.
302 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec:, 725
food supply is exhausted. This habit is highly developed in the Diptera and occurs only occasionally in the Lepidoptera and the Hymenoptera. The Lepidoptera and the Hymenoptera feed for a large part on the leaves of woody plants which do not wilt as readily as do the leaves of herbaceous plants. They probably found it unnecessary to enter fresh leaves and con- sequently this habit has developed only to a slight extent in these orders. A few Lepidoptera of the genera Acrocercops, Argyresthia and Scythris have developed the habit of entering fresh leaves, f
None of the leaf-mining orders present such diversity of lar- val feeding habits as the Lepidoptera. They are, for a large part, peculiar to this order and are too numerous for detailed discussion here. The sap-feeding habit of the order has resulted in great modifications of the head, labrum and mandibles. The habit of many larvae mining when young, later feeding exter- nally or boring in stems or bark, is singular in the Lepidoptera. The type of mine properly enters in a discussion of food getting, as the mine indicates the manner in which the larva feeds. The types of mines are numerous but of no interest in this dis- cussion. The persistance of certain types throughout the four leaf-mining orders is, however, worth noting. The blotch type is common to all orders. It is the only type that exists in the Hymenoptera with the exception of small linear mines made by the young larvae which later change to blotch mines. The digitate mine is common in certain Lepidoptera, as Parectopa, Epinotia and Gracilaria and occurs at least once in the Diptera. Scaptomysa adusta Loew., makes a very pretty digitate mine on the leaves of the Cruciferae. Tentiform mines are peculiar to the Lepidoptera where considerable silk is spun within the mine. Certain Hymenoptera and Coleoptera make vaulted, inflated or puffed mines but none produce true tentiform mines. The snail trace mines produced by Phyllocnistis are closely approximated by certain Diptera. Agromvyza laterella Zett., makes a very shallow, silvery mine on Iris that resembles a snail-trace, A few other Diptera have similar habits,
xeevi, “25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 303
Tue DIsposat or F Rass.
In insects, a wide range of habits exist in connection with the disposal of frass. The removal of the waste material is almost as necessary as the getting of fresh food. Some larvae feed on highly concentrated foods and do not void their waste until the last molt, while a few do not produce any excrement at all. Many void pellets, using these for some useful purpose as the construction of feeding cases or pupal chambers. Still others discard their frass as useless or as obnoxious. The majority of the leaf-mining larvae belong to the latter class although a few Lepidoptera mine, then construct cases of their frass.
The leaf-mining larvae, in their limited quarters, have devel- oped unique methods of disposing of, or avoiding their frass. A few forms, especially in the Diptera, have acquired a sort of immunity and seem to be able to exist in its midst with little or no discomfort. A glance at the common dock leaf-miner, Pegomyia calyptrata Zett., will impress one with this fact.
One of the simplest methods larvae have adopted to avoid their frass is the abandoning of old mines and entering fresh leaves. This method, however, has developed only occasionally in the Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera and not at all in the Coleoptera. As pointed out before, this habit probably originated in an attempt on the part of the larva to secure fresh food, rather than to avoid its excrement.
The scattering of the frass in various manners has been developed throughout the orders. The simplest form is the grouping of the frass in small piles between the larger veins of the leaf, or in unoccupied parts of the mine. This is the typical method of avoiding the frass among the Hymenoptera and the Coleoptera. A higher development of this method is the arrangement of the frass in a single or a double line through the center of the mine. In such cases the larva progresses in a forward direction, leaving its frass behind. These so called linear or serpentine mines occur commonly in Nepticula and Bucculatrix. They also occur in certain Diptera and present a peculiar arrangement in Phytomyza obscurella var. nigritella Zett. Here the frass occurs in a distinct dotted line through
304 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dee Ya5
the center of the mine. In some Lepidoptera the turning of the body from one side of the mine to the other, often deposits the frass pellets in neat concentric arcs at the edges of the mine.
The form of the mine may also aid the larva in avoiding its frass. In the digitate mines of certain Lepidoptera as Parectopa and in a few Diptera, the frass is voided in fingerlike processes which leaves the center of the mine clean for the larva. In a similar fashion, some Lepidoptera as well as Diptera, deposit their frass in the center of the mine and feed about the edges. The vaulted mines of the Lepidoptera and the bladder-iike mines of the Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, make it possible for the larva to feed without coming in contact with its frass. This method of frass disposal reaches its highest development in the species of Lithocolletis.
The ejection of frass is a comparatively simple process in leaf-mining insects and does not involve such highly spe- cialized structures as the anal comb of certain external feeders. The larva cuts a slit or a circular hole through the mine through which the frass is expelled. Such methods of frass disposal are common in the Lepidoptera occurring in the Tischeriidae and the Cosmopterygidae. The writer has noticed this habit in Lyonetia speculella Clem., which frequently mines the leaves of apple. The larva pushes its frass from) a slit on the under side of the mine. It issues in a series of pellets which are at first linked together but later become massed.
PREPARATION FOR TRANSFORMATION.
The leaf-mining larvae, imprisoned within their mines, have the choice of transforming within their mines or making an exit and seeking a transformation place elsewhere. In either case a cocoon may or may not be constructed. Certain Bup- restidae, for example, pupate within their mines without the formation of cocoons. These pupae rattle within the leaf, like seeds ina pod. The puparia of the Diptera are often formed within the mines but these are fastened to one of the surfaces of the mine. Many of the Lepidoptera and certain of the Hymenoptera as Phyllotoma, and certain Coleoptera, as Pachyschelus and Orchestes, pupate in their mines but construct
xxxvi, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 305
silken cocoons. Still others have gone a step further and cut a case from the mine including the cocoon. This occurs in Phyl- lotoma (Hymenoptera) and Coptodisca and Antispila (Lepi- doptera). Still others make an exit through a hole in the leaf and fall to the ground where they may or may not form cocoons.
Description of a New Species of Plagiognathus from the Eastern United States (Hem., Miridae.)*
3y Harry H. Knicut, Ames, Iowa. Plagiognathus ilicis new species.
Distinguished from all described species by the short rostrum and pale tibiae with brownish spines; color nearest that of blatchleyi var. nubilus Knet., but scutellum fuscous and size smaller. Distinguished from Microphylellus by the pubescence, shorter head, and more robust form of body.
3. Length 3.4 mm., width 1.5 mm. Head: width .77 mm., vertex .37 mm.; shorter and more vertical than obscurus Uhler. Rostrum, length 1.07 mm., just attaining posterior margins of intermediate coxae, yellowish, apex blackish. Antennae : seg- mente weneth 20mm; 11, 95 mm. 5 M1; .53 mm; LV, 31 mm.; greenish yellow, apical half of segment IT becoming dusky, last two segments brownish to fuscous. Pronotum: length .63, width at base 1.21 mm.
General coloration yellowish to greenish yellow, anterior and narrow lateral margins of pronotal disk more greenish, basal half of disk fusco-brownish; scutellum fuscous, narrow base and mesoscutum yellow; hemelytra pale yellowish trans- lucent, apical half of corium and embolium pale fuscous to fuscous, apical half of clavus pale fuscous; cuneus yellowish translucent, inner basal angle pale translucent ; membrane uni- formly light fusco-brownish, nearly clear bordering apex of cuneus, veins nearly concolorous with membrane. Clothed with simple, rather soft, yellowish to golden brown pubescence, becoming fusco-brownish on dark apical area of corium. Ventral surface yellowish to greenish yellow, xyphus pale green. Legs rather uniformly pale yellowish, femora rather obscurely dotted with small, pale fuscous spots; tibiae pale, impunctate, spines yellowish brown, with barely a trace of brownish at base of spines; tarsi pale yellowish, clavus brown. Genitalia distinctive of the specics, right clasper and the later-
* Contribution from. the Department of Zoology and Entomology, lowa State College, Ames, Iowa,
306 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dees 25
ally directed apex of aedeagus very similar to obscurus Uhler, but the left clasper broadly projecting laterally, the dorsal surface broadly sulcate and loosely clasping the tip of aedeagus.
?. Length 3.7 mm., width 1.53 mm. Head: width .77 mm., vertex .41 mm. Antennae: segment IT, length .88 mm. Pro- notum: length .71 mm., width at base 1.38 mm. More robust than the male and lighter colored; dorsum rather uniformly yellowish, hemelytra paler and sub-translucent, scutellum and a cloud on apical area of corium fusco- brownish ; membrane and veins uniformly pale.
Holotype: & July 13, 1920, Ringwood, near Ithaca, New York (H. H. Knight); author’s collection. Allotype: same data as the type. Paratypes: a good series taken with the types on /lex verticillata found growing in the bog at Ring- wood near Ithaca; specimens deposited in the Cornell Uni- versity collection, U. S. National Museum collection, and the Iowa State College collection.
In some respects this species is intermediate between Plagiognathus and Microphylellus, while the left genital clasper is of a form quite different from either genus. The general form, color and pubescence is that of Plagiognathus while the tibial characters approach Microphylellus; the yel- lowish brown spines with brownish at base of each which scarcely forms distinct spots, may cause some difficulty in tracing ilicis through the generic key.
A New Species of Trogus (Hym.: Ichneumonoidea), By W. H. Hasey, B.S.* Trogus nigrocinctus n. sp. Holotype: One male specimen collected by J. H. Comstock and now in the collection at Cornell University. Head: Entirely black. Clypeus flat: lateral edges but slightly
* Contribution oe the Baomniecel Laboratory of the Reeeaete setts Agricultural College.
An extract from a paper on the Species of Trogus of America North of Mexico, presented as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science by Mr. Hasey. Mr. Hasey lost his life in the war, and his thesis has never been published as a whole. This extract is given in connection with the publication of the New York State List of Insects —H. T. FERNALD.
SRV) 20] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 307
sunken : lower margin straight with a small knob-like protuber- ance in the middle: lower half sparsely coarsely punctured: upper portion more finely and closely punctate: clothed with short, semi-decumbent, black hairs. Frons smooth and shiny
‘and deeply concave around antennal pits: sparsely coarsely
punctured above and slightly convex in the middle: downward projections flat. Vertex rather closely and coarsely punctured and clothed with short semi-decumbent hairs. Cheeks broad and buccate: rather closely, coarsely punctured and clothed with short semi-decumbent hairs. Labrum reddish brown: rather strongly exserted but quite narrow: rather closely punctured with a row of long brownish bristle-like hairs on the lower margin. Mandibles black: dusky ferruginous, smooth and shiny at the tips, coarsely punctured in the middle and finely punctured at the base. Antennae fulvous: dusky at tips: scape black with paler spot at base: middle segments slightly serrate: with 18 patch-like sense organs.
Thorax.—FEntirely black. Pronotum rather sparsely coarsely punctured and clothed with short semi-decumbent, black: hairs: pronotal ridge distinct, as is also the groove lying behind, which is smooth and shinv in the center. Propleuron with a prominent median ridge dividing the plate into the two typical areas.
Mesonotum broadly rounded: slightly convex at anterior center: closely finely punctured and clothed with very short semi-decumbent hairs. Scutellum quite strongly raised and rounded: entire surface covered with sparse, rather fine punctures and erect black hairs. Mesopleuron sparsely coarsely punctured above and rugose below: mesopleural pit shallow with a prominent raised smooth and shinv area above: gutter- like groove near posterior margin distinct with prominent parallel transverse ridges.
Median area of nostscutellum strongly raised, closely finely punctured and clothed with short, erect hairs: lateral grooves shiny and quite deep, with but mere traces of cross ridges. Metapleuron coarsely punctate and slightly rugose: clothed with erect black hairs: median ridge wanting.
Propodeum strongly raised anteriorly : apical area very small, smooth and shiny: lateral margins diverging to a point near the apex, then converging to the base of the petiole: median, lateral and marginal areas deeply rugose or sculptured: clothed with erect, black hairs: spiracles long and linear.
Abdomen.—Fulvous except the base of the petiole and a narrow band at the base of the three following segments, black.
308 “ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [| Dees >25
Petiole strongly raised to a point before apex: segments not constricted at the base: dorsal surface finely punctured and clothed with short, decumbent, vellowish hairs: ventral surface flat, closely, finely punctured and clothed with a few scattered, short hairs: spiracles oval : gastrocoeli prominent on second seg- ment.
Wings.—Dusky fuliginous with an aeneous reflection: veins almost black.
Legs.— Black: tibiae and tarsi brownish: lighter beneath especially on fore legs: very sparsely coarsely punctured and clothed with short, semi-decumbent hairs: tibiae armed with short scattered bristles.
Habitat: New York.
The above description was prepared from a single male specimen, the type.
This species is apparently very rare. The only specimen seen was captured in September, 1885, by J. H. Comstock. It is readily distinguished by the narrow, black bands at the base of the second, third and fourth dorsal abdominal segments;
Recent Impressions of The British Museum.
During my recent visit to the entomological section of the 3ritish Museum, I had the pleasure to be welcomed and aided by Dr, Gahan, who has charge of Entomology, Dr. Waterston, who is in charge of the Hymenoptera, Mr. Hartley Durrant and Mr. W. H. T. Tams. Dr. Guy Marshall, who is Director of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology and of the Insecta part of The Zoological Record, has his office in the Entomological Section in the Museum; consequently I enjoved the kind atten- tion of Dr. Marshall.
I was deeply impressed with the wealth of material available in the Museum and with the efficient way in which that mate- rial is being preserved and studied. Dr. Gahan and his col- leagues are imbued with the ambition to reveal to the world the details of the historic treasures in their Museum and as a result of their published work and their future work I feel sure that many of our difficulties in identifying old genera and species will disappear.
I look forward to the time when I will again visit England.
Henry L. Viereck, Ottawa, Canada.
_ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
re Pa. DECEMBER, 1925.
Coleman T. Robinson. (See cever of NEws.)
Coleman T. Robinson was born in Putnam County, New York, 1838. He was a stockbroker in New. York City and amassed a large fortune. He was greatly interested in the lepidoptera and actively pursued this avocation while engaged in business. He wrote some excellent papers! and among them a valuable article on the North American Tortricidae, with six lithographic plates containing eighty-six illustrations. It was his intention to figure in color as many species as possible but this was prevented by his early death. In conjunction with. Augustus R. Grote he published five papers of “Descriptions of North American Lepidoptera” in the Trans- actions of The American Entomological Society, with one hundred illustrations,
He travelled extensively abroad and also spent some time at the University of Berlin. He was elected a Corresponding Member of The American Entomological Society on February 13, 1865, and served as President in 1869.
He will always be remembered by the students of the Ameri- can Bombycidae, Sphingidae, Noctuidae and Tortricidae. He died May 1, 1872, at the early age of 35. His early decease probably lost to entomology a great patron of the study. He willed to the Buffalo Society of Natural History the sum of ten thousand dollars. Ef. Ss
+-—@—<
The Overwintering of Vespula communis var. flavida Sladen (Hym.: Vespidae).
Six female specimens of Vespula communis var. flavida Sladen were found in December, 1923, overwintering in curled- up elm leaves. The individuals had crawled into the chambers made by the curling of the leaves and were thus found while the writer was searching for hibernating grape leaf hoppers. It
1 See (arabes Eutomolueise 1872, IV; pages 109 and 118. 309
310 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Preet.” "25
was not the peculiar situation in which these wasps were found to which the writer desires to call attention, but the very unique manner in which they were taking care of their wings. These were folded longitudinally, as is natural, but instead Hi lying, as cne would expect, on the back of the individual, they were tucked away very neatly on the under side of the abdomen and carefully held in place there by the last pair of legs. This rather unusual way of caring for the organs of flight, which are so necessary to these overwintering queens in order that they may properly build their nests, feed themselves and their young, and thus perpetuate their kind, was new and interesting to the writer and this opportunity is taken to record the observation.
Thanks are dua Mr. S. A. Rohwer of the United States National Museum for identifying these wasps. Two of the specimens are deposited at the U, S. N. M. and the others are in 1 the collections at the University of Kansas.
R. H. Beamer, University of Kansa
Coleoptera New to New Jersey.
Mr. C. A. Frost recently identified for me, two species of beetles that do not appear to be recorded from New Jersey. One is a staphylinid, Piilonthus varians Payk., collected at Seaside Park, N. J., May 29 and mentioned in Smith’s “List of the Insects of New Jersey,” but without locality. The other isa nitidulid, Brachypterus cinereus, Heer., collected at Seaside Park, (N.. J:, May 29.1) Bothvare European.
Harry B. Wess, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Entomological Literature COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph beginning with (N). Those pertaining to Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceded by an *.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed.
4—Canadian Entomologist. 6—Journal, New York Ent. Soc. 7—Annals, Entomological Society of America. 9—
Bevis, 125] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS St
The Entomologist. 10—Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 12— Journal of Economic Ent. 14—Entomologische Zeit., Frankfurt a. M, 15—Insecutor Ins. Menstruus. 19—Bull., Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 24—Annales, Soc. Ent. de France. 25— Bull., Soc. Ent. France. 26—Ent. Anzeiger, Wien. 69— Comptes Rendus des Seances, Acad. Sci. Paris. 78—Bull. Biol. de la France et de la Belgique. 104—Zeit. f. Wissen. Zool., Leipzig, 107—Biologisches Zentralblatt. 108—Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 118—Die Naturwissenschaften, 3erlin. 130—Ohio Jour. of Sciences. 133—Jour. Experi- mental Zool. 138—Amer. Mus. Novitates, New York. 154— Zoolog. Anzeiger.
GENERAL.—British correlating committee for the pro- tection of nature.—4, lvii, 234. Heikertinger, F—Ueber die begriffe “mimikry” und “mimese” mit besonderer beruck- sichtigung der myrmekoidie.—107, xlv, 272-89. Horn, W.—
3ericht den dritten internationalen kongress fur ento- mologie in Zurich 1925.—118, 1925, 836-8. Morrill, A. W.— Commercial entomology on the west coast of Mexico.—12, xviii, 707-16. Pruvost, P.—Fossil insects of the carbonifer- ous period. —Nature, cxvi, 526-8. Reichensperger, A.— “Ameisenmimikry” und “metoke myrmekoidie.”—107, xlv, 290-303. Sherman, F.—Progress on state insect survey with comparative data on other animal groups.—Jour. Mitch. Soc., xli, 129-34. Snyder, T. E—Communism among in- sects.—Sci. Month., xxi, 466-77. Vickery, R. A.—List of parasitic insects reared from host insects collected in the vicinity of Brownville, Tex.—10, xxvii, 137-41. Weiss, H. B. —Insect food habit ratios in Death Valley and vicinity.— 130, xxv, 253-4. Zoological Record, Insects of vol. 61, 1924, alZepp:
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC.— Gatenby & Stopes.—Spermatogenesis of spiders.—Nature, cxvi, 499, Hilton, W. A.—Functional divisions of the nerv- ous system of insects.—Science, Ixii 372-73. Peacock, A. D.—Haploidy in the male sawfly and some considerations arising therefrom.—Nature, cxvi, 537-8. Ross, R.—Mos- quito-theory of malaria and the late Prof. G. B. Grassi.— Sci. Progress, London, xx, 311-20. Singh-Pruthi, H.—Stud- ies On insect metamorphosis. III. Influence of starvation.— 3r. Jour. Exp. Biology, iii, 1-8. Swingle, H. S.—Digestive enzymes of an insect.—130, xxv, 209-18. Yonge, C. M.—The
S12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (Decwt2s
digestion of cellulose by invertebrates.—Sci. Progress, Lon- don, xx, 242-8. -
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.—Emerton, J. H.— Spider collections of F. W. Waugh.—Can. Field-Nat., xxxix, 139-40. Hulse, E. P. & Brown, B.—Luminous spiders.— Sciences last. 329:
(N) *Ewing, H. E—vTwo new chiggers (Trombicula larvae).—10, xxvii, 145-6. *Petrunkevitch, A——New Erigo- ninae from Tennessee.—6, xxxiii, 170-6. *Petrunkevitch, A. —Descriptions on new or inadequately known American spiders.—7, xvili, 313-23.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA.—Davis, W. T.—Pantala flavescens captured by Anax junius.—6, xxxiii, 189. Dodds, G. $S.—Ecological studies on aquatic insects. Altitudinal range and zonation of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies in the Colorado Rockies.—Ecology, vi, 389-90. Lacroix, L.—Note detachee sur les oeufs des Chrysopides. —25, 1925, 227-32. Smith, R. C-—Neuroptera and Mecoptera of Kansas.—19, xx, 165-71. Traver, J. R—Observations on the ecology of the mayfly Blasturus cupidus.—4, lvii, 211-18.
(N) *Hood, J. D—Four new Phloeothripidae from the U. S. (Thysanoptera).—4, lvii, 218-22.
(S) *Denis, J. R——Sur les Collemboles du Mus. de Paris. —24, xciv, 261-90.
ORTHOPTERA.—Cappe de Baillon, P.—Sur embryo- genese des monstres doubles chez les Phasmides (Carausius morosus ).—69, clxxxi, 479-81. Davis, W. T.—Female of the roach, Parcoblatta caudelli, and the occurrence of the spe- cies on Long Island, N. Y.—6, xxxiu, 188-9. Fulton, B. B.— Physiological variation in the snowy tree cricket, Oecanthus niveus.—7, xvili, 363-83. Vogel, R.—Bemerkungen zum weiblichen geschlechtsapparat der kuchenschabe (Peri- planeta orientalis)—154, Ixiv, 56-62.
HEMIPTERA.—Bergroth, E.—On the ‘“‘Annectant bugs” of McAtee and Malloch—19, xx, 159-64. Clark, L. B. —Note on tropisms in Plea striola—19, xx, 186-7. Gris- wold, G. H.—Study of the oyster-shell scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi, and one of its parasites, Aphelinus mytilaspidis.— Cornell Univ. Mem. No. 93. Knowlton, G. F.—Digestive tract of Longistigma caryae (Aphididae).—130, xxv, 244-52. Myers, J. G.—Biological notes on Arachnocoris albomacu- latus (Nabidae).—6, xxxiii, 136-46. Poisson, R.—Contribu-
~
Sev, 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Jus
tion a l’etude des hemipteres aquatiques—78, Iviii, 47-204. Torre-Bueno, J. R.—Food plant of Corythucha marmorata. Velia watsoni—a new record—19, xx, 179, 185.
(N) *Ball & Delong.—Genus Dikraneura and its allies in No. Am.—7, xviii, 324-40. *Ferris, G. F—Notes on Cocci- dae XI.—4, lvii, 228-34.
(S) *Harris, H. M.—Two n. sps. of Carthasis [from Cuba] (Nabidae)—19, xx, 172-4. *Moreira, C.—Pulgoes do Brasil.—Inst. Biol. Defesa Agr., Bol. No. 2.
LEPIDOPTERA.—Bird, H.—Some little known noctuid larvae of the genera Chabuata, Gortyna and Archanara., 6, uk 182-7. Lemmer, F.—Acronycta_ lanceolaria.—6, xxxill, 181. Minnich, D. E.—Reactions of the larvae of Vanessa antiopa to sounds.—133, xlii, 443-69. Roeher, A.— Uber den zusammenhang von farbung, sinnen und lebens- weise bei den schmetterlingen.—26, v, 138-9 (Cont.). Wat- son, J. H.—On the pouch-forming (sphragidal) fluid in Parnassius.—9, lvili, 246-8. Weiss, H. B.—Butterfly collect- ing by Sha Abbas the Great.—6, xxxiii, 187.
(N) *Engelhardt, G. P.—Studies of No. Amer. Aegerii- dae.—19, xx, 153-8.
(S) *Ferreira d’Almeida, R.—Quelques rectifications sur les Actinote de la partie orientale de Amerique du Sud.—24,
xciv, 333-54.
DIPTERA.—Brumpt, E.—Capture des larves de culici- des par les plantes du genre Utricularia—An. de Parasitol. Hum. et Comp., Paris, im, 403-11. Reith, F.—Die entwick- lung des Musca-eies nach ausschaltung verschiedener eibe- reiche.—104, cxxvi, 181-238.- Rudolfs, W.—Relation be- tween temperature, humidity and activity of house mos- quitoes.—6, xxxili, 163-9. Vickery, R. A.—(See under Gen- eral.)
(N) Malloch, J. R—Addition to the Sapromyzidae of the Dist. of Columbia.—10, xxvii, 152. *Malloch, J. R—A new No. Am. sp. of Hydrotaea—19, xx, 184-5. *Spuler, A.— No. Amer. sps. of the subgenus Scotophilella (Borboridae). —6, xxxiii, 147-62. *“West, L. S—-New Phasiidae and Tach- inidae from New York State.—6, xxxiii, 121-35.
(S) *Alexander, C. P.—Studies on the crane-flies of Mex- ico.—7, xviil, 341-62. *Dyar, H. G.—The mosquitoes of PRanama*—15, xiii, 101-95.
)
314 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dees o25
COLEOPTERA.—Ainslie, C. N.—Notes on the habits and life history of Calligrapha pnirsa.—4, lvii, 209-11. Brauer, A.—Studies on the embryology of Bruchus quad- rimaculatus.—7, xvili, 283-312. Schjelderup- -Ebbe, T.— Biologie von Geotrupes.—14, xxxix, 97-8. ‘*
(N) *Chittenden, F. H.—New sp. of Trichalophus.—10, xxvii, 141. *Fisher, W. S—Change of name in Buprestidae. —10, xxvii, 144. *Fall, H. C—New sps. of Helmis.—6, xxxili, 177-81. *Fall, H. C——New sps. of Col. of recent dis- covery.—19, xx, 180-3. —
(S) *Pic, M.—Melanges exotico-entomologiques, Fase. 44, Nouveautes diverses, 32 pp.
s
HYMENOPTERA.—Arbuckle, H. B.—Life and habits of the honey bee.—Jour. Mitch. Soc., xli, 47-63. Chamberlin, T. R.—Some observations upon Necreninus leucarthros (Eulophidae ).—10, xxvii, 142-4. Descy, A.—Recherches sur la sexualite et l'instinct chez les hymenopteres. —78, lvii, 1-37. Frisch, K. v.—Sinnesphysiologie und “sprache” der bienen.—Verh. Ges. Deut. Naturf. u. Arzte, Berlin, Ixxxviu, 1924, 981-87. Frost, S. W.—Leaf-mining habit in the hymen- optera—7, xviii, 399-416. Griswold, G. H.—(see under Hemiptera). Howes, P. G.—Master architects of the jungle. —Nature Mag., 1925, 274-6. Nolan, W. J.—Blood-rearing cycle of the honey hee =U)! S. Dep. Agr., Bull. No. 1349. Parker & Thompson.—Notes on the larvae of the Chalci- doidea.—7, xviii, 384-98. Peacock, A. D.—Studies in the parthenogenesis and sexuality of the saw-flies—Br. Jour. Exp. Biology, ii1, 61-84. Robertson, ee bees. —Ecology, vi, +12- 36. Vickery, R. A.—(see under General). Weld, L. H. gall that secretes honeydew.—19, ex, 75-9)
(N) *Cushman, R. A.—Some generic transfers and synonymy in Ichneumonidae. 108, xv, 388-92. *Fouts, R. ~M.—New serphoid parasites from No. and So. America. 10, xxvii, 147-52. *Swenk, M. H.—Two new bees of the genus Colletes, oligotropic upon Petalostemum.—138, No. 186.
A MonoGRAPH OF THE PLECOPTERA OR STONEFLIES OF AMERICA NORTH OF Mexico. By J. G. NEEDHAM and P. W. CLAASSEN. The Thomas Say Foundation of the Entomological Society of America, Established 1915, Volume II. Lafayette, Indiana, 1925, 8vo, 397 pages, 50 of which are occupied by
~
SKI 25] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 315
line-engraved plates, and 29 text figures. To be obtained from the ae asurer of the Foundation, Prof. J. J. Davis, at Lafayette, Ind. Price $5.00.
The appearance of a monograph on a group of our native insects so little studied in North America as the stoneflies is a noteworthy event and will doubtless result in more attention being paid to this primitive order. It is needless to say that just such works as this monographic revision are greatly needed and that when produced they should be added to every zoologi- cal and entomological library. The introductory portion of the volume occupies 22 pages (Biology 1%, Collecting and Preserv- ing 34 and Diagnostic Characters 19—15 of these on Venation and variations therein in a few species and 3 on Genital Characters). Classification and taxonomic descriptions extend from page 30 to page 278, in which keys are given to the families, genera and species. On pp. 286-289 is a “List of the Species herein treated,’ 207 in number and indicating their grouping under a series of subgenera not mentioned in the body of the work, hence liable to be overlooked, and not characterized nor with type species designated. One genus, Clioperla, and 28 species are described as new. There is a bibliography (pp. 279-284), a comparative table of classifications of Plecoptera from that of Pictet, 1842, to the present volume (p. 285), and a table showing the number of species of each of the 24 genera recorded for each of the United States and of the Provinces of Canada. The figures in the text show chiefly whole ‘insects ; those on the plates depict the wings and genitalia and, in a goodly number of species, the eggs, head, prothorax, mouth parts, feet, antennae or tails, and are pronounced ‘ ‘good” by a specialist. Alphabetical Index, pp, 392-7.
A regrettable error has been made in} the lettering on the back of the book, from which it would appear that this is the second volume of a work on the Plecoptera of North America, whereas the real meaning is, as stated on the first title page, that this is Vol. I] of the Thomas Say Foundation.
Puitie P. CALVERT
A Bretiocrapiy OF THE Nortr AMERICAN HEMIPTERA- HeETEROPTERA. By Howarp Mapison ParsHuey, Se.D., Asso- ciate Professor of Zoology in Smith College. Smith College Fiftieth Anniversary Publication. Northampton, Mass., 1925. 8vo, pp. ix, 252.—In 1917 the University of California pub- lished Mr. E. P. Van Duzee’s Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America north of Mexico. Now Smith College honors itself
316 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Deck a 25
and a brilliant member of its faculty in this bibliography intended primarily to supplement Van Duzee’s ‘Catalogue,’ and undertaken at the instance of the author of that work.” About 2250 titles by 600 authors are included. How complete this bibliography is must be left to specialists to determine, although its author himself modestly suggests that “the opportunities for error and omission are multitudinous.” We hope that he has overestimated these and are sure that this work will be of service to those classes of students and librarians whom he has in mind in page viii of his preface.
Beyond the contents of this beautifully printed and carefully prepared volume lies a further Utopia not yet existent—in print—we believe. That is a subject index to the contents of the publications here listed. Not a taxonomic index, for that is provided by Van Duzee’s Catalogue, but an anatomical, physio- logical, ecological and general biological index is what we have in mind. On this topic we’may have more) to say in a future number of the News, but this Bibliography would, of course, provide an excellent foundation for such a Utopia.
PHiInipsP.. CALVERE:
Doings of Societies. The American Entomological Society.
Meeting of May 28, 1925. Dr. Henry Skinner, President, in the chair; eleven members, three visitors present.
Mr. Cresson, for the Cemmittee on Excursions, reported that the trip to Dr. Skinner’s home on May 16, had been successful, with excellent weather, twelve members being present. He showed photographs taken.
Messrs. John C. Lutz, Francis M. James, Jr., Emil Fred Schaff and John C. West were elected resident members.
Diptera. Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., showed his mounted specimens taken on the Media trip. Among these was a female of Glutops singularis, of which only one other specimen is known in collections.*
CoLeopTeRA. Mr. Hornig told of trips to Tacony Park, Philadelphia, made in answer to an inquiry in regard to Jap- anese beetle larvae. He found the larvae very abundant, havy- ing destroyed grass over considerable areas by eating the roots. Mr. Hornig also noted that birds (starlings, purple grackles, flickers, sparrows, robins) were digging out the iaevae and ating them.
* See Ent.: News, xxxvi, p. 211, July, 1925.
xxxvi, 25] _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Shy.
Economic. Dr. Calvert showed a piece of rope which had been sent to him with an inquiry as to injury which was supposed to have been caused by insects and asked members for sugges- tions. No one present could say anything definite. _
Leprmportera. Mr. Williams made some remarks on the aedeagus of the Hesperidae.
Roperr TITHERINGTON, Secretary.
Meeting of September 24, 1925, Dr. Skinner presiding; fif- teen members and visitors present.
A joint letter from the British Correlating Committee for the Protection of Nature and the Entomological Society of London, regarding protection of butterflies was read. The following resolution was proposed and approved: Whereas there is great danger of exterminating some of the most beauti- ful species of insects for the use in works of art and jewelry, be it resolved that the American Entomological Society strongly disapproves of such practice and herewith places itself on rec- ord as opposing the use of insects for decorative purposes. It was moved and approved that a copy of this resolution be sent to the Correlating Committee.
Mr. Carl Ig was elected a resident member.
CoLEOPTERA.—Dr. Calvert exhibited a luminous larva (?) found near Corning in the Perkiomen valley, Pennsylvania, agreeing with a specimen in the Horn collection thought to he a female of Phengodes laticollis Lec. The specimen was col- lected by Dr. R. E. Cleland and was given to the speaker who had kept it alive in a glass for two months. Dr. Calvert also spoke of specimens of Dynastes tityus in Pennsylvania and of the S. S. Rathvon collection of Coleoptera preserved in the science building of Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
In the discussion that followed Mr. Brownback reported that he had found five specimens of Phengodes, females, at Falls of French Creek, Pennsylvania, during the latter part of July. Unfortunately these specimens were lost.
Ortioprera.—Mr. Brownback also mentioned an observa- tion on Melanoplus femur-rubrum. He estimated that there were about 10,000 specimens resting on the sunny side of twelve panels of a three rail fence during the first part of September at Trappe, Pennsylvania.
R. TITHERINGTON, Secy.
Ww — (92)
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Dec. yz
OBITUARY.
Carito EMeEry.
Qn the eleventh of last May the world lost one of its most distinguished entomologists, Professor Carlo Emery, from acute uricaemia. He was born at Naples, October 25, 1848, of Swiss parents, who had acquired Italian citi- zenship. After pursuing courses in general medicine he decided, about 1872, to specialize in ophthalmology, but biological studies soon attracted him more powerfully and he became professor of zoology in the University of Cag- liari, in Sardinia. This post he held from 1878 to 1881, but on the death of his father he moved to Bologna, where he occupied the chair of zodlogy in the ancient university till his retirement several years ago. He married an Italian lady and leaves two very promising children, Lucia and Luigi.
Professor Emery was unusually talented. He spoke and wrote admirably Italian, French, German, English and Spanish, besides possessing a reading knowledge of several other languages, including Russian. His great skill as a draftsman enabled him to enrich his monographs with many figures so accurate as to permit ready identification of the most closely related species; and his linguistic knowledge enabled him to pen descriptions so concise that there is very rarely any question as to the identity of the forms he was observing. Although he published a valuable text- book of general zodlogy (second edition, 1904), a well-known monograph on the singular fishes of the genus Fierasfer (1880) and papers on the anatomy of vipers (1873) and the luminescence of fire-flies (1884), the 300 papers which he contributed to Entomology during the past 56 vears (1869- 1925) are almost entirely devoted to the Formicidae. And although he was chiefly occupied with the taxonomy, morphol- ogy and geographical distribution of ants, he published several interesting papers on their habits and instincts. There is scarcely a country to a knowledge of whose ant- fauna he did not make important contributions. His work
mex VI, 25 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 319
throughout is of the highest quality, because he was not interested primarily in securing priority in the description of species—though he described many hundreds of them— but in monographic revision of groups of species or whole faunas and a precise definition of the known forms, their relationships and distribution. He was exceedingly con- servative in creating genera and species and made great use of subgenera, subspecies and varieties as provisional categories. His long and intricate taxonomic studies cul- minated in the magnificent volumes on the Formicide in Wytsman’s “Genera Insectorum,” which contain a list of all the known species, subspecies and varieties of ants and their genera, with many new and profound considerations on their natural grouping in tribes and subfamilies. No entomologist of the past or present generation has done such a large amount of very accurate taxonomic work and work so worthy of being taken as a model by younger men, especially in the United States, and no active ento- mologist has created fewer synonyms or introduced less confusion into the science.
Although I owe a great deal to Professor Emery, with whom I have corresponded since 1899, and who has helped me on innumerable occasions with his very expert opinion, as he has helped every living myrmecologist, I unfortu- nately had no opportunity to meet him and have had to draw many of the facts in regard to his life from a brief necrologue by Professor Forel (Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 65, 1925, p. 198-199). Both of these eminent entomologists were born in the same year and both, building on the secure foundations laid by Gustav Mayr, cooperated in enormously extending and deepening our knowledge of the ant faunas of all parts of the world and in encouraging younger men to take up the study of these fascinating insects. In the following paragraph Professor Forel gived some more in- timately personal details in regard to a singular parallelism between his life and that of Professor Emery:
“I made his acquaintance about 1871 at the Chateau de
320 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., ’25
Prilly, near Lausanne, which his father still owned, though it has since been sold. There we learned that as children we had both observed the ants, he at Prilly and I at Lonay or at Vaux sur Morges, that is separated only by a distance of less than eight kilometers, without suspecting each other's existence or our mutual myrmecological predilections. But the parallelism of our lives did not end there. C. Emery had scarcely been made professor at Cagliari when in 1879 I was elected professor at Zurich. Both of us employed our days and weeks of vacation in studying our little friends, the ants, he in Itaiy mainly, | sometimes on long voyages. In 1906, while sojourning in Switzerland, at Bois-Bougy sur Rolle, he was suddenly prostrated by a very severe apoplectic stroke. I was called and thought he was lost and my son aided his wife in caring for him under the supervision of a physician at Rolle. But although he was aphasic and remained paralyzed on the right side,; he not only learned to write with his left hand, but succeeded a year later in performing experiments on ants, describing and even drawing them (with his left hand) with indom- itable perseverance and all his former sagacity. And then I myself, in 1912, was prostrated by an attack which para- lyzed my right arm and vocal organs. After that I imitated Emery in all respects, except in my incapacity to draw with my left hand. Since that time our correspondence has been left-handed. In Italy, C. Emery attracted many stu- dents who will continue his work. As I learn today, he had ordered before his death that there should be no funeral, no religious intervention, no discourse, no music, no flowers, except those given by his family. It is odd that, without knowing of this, I had long ago made the same arrangements in regard to myself.” Witt1AM Morton WHEELER.
Henry W. WeENzEL, well-known collector of Coleoptera and active spirit in the Feldman Collecting Social (1887-1925), died in Philadelphia, November 7, 1925. We hope to present a longer notice in a later number of the News,
INDEX TO VOLUME XXXVI.
(*indicates new genera, species or varieties)
ALEXANDER, C. P. Undescribed species of crane-flies
irom the eastern United States and Canada.......:'. 200
Anprews, E. A. McCook’s ant mounds in Pennsylvania, COVLS CEU. A Os a Peer i eae te Le. 173 Batpur, W. V. The feeding of a common tiger beetle. . 275 DARE Oe. ©.) A new species of Buenoa (lly... 4.2. 225
Barnes & BENJAMIN. A new subspecies of Brenthis ORE eee NS Se Ore OS ok ee 2 Bae 44 Notes on two butterfly names omitted from recent lists. 118 @nCOMIVOTONMIOSG 6... oc oe St. cs teen eee ee 2S BauMANN, K. Information wanted on Papilio troilus.... 185
Beamer, R. H. The overwintering of Vespula communis Bae MEME CCLCNOME Ph So Sy Foo 9 ie un. wis, 3c. a Wa Oe Gayle ee wee 309
(See also Hungerford & Beamer.) BenyAMin, F. H. (See Barnes & Benjamin.) BEQUAERT, J. Neotermesa injurious to living guava tree, with notes on other Amazonian termites (ill.)........ 289 BisHopeo. C. (See: Crosby & Bishop: ) BiatspeLt, I. E. Coleoptera of the Pacific coast, notes EMMITT GLO TNG Ci he Beko ti pap tale sthe dae ad oh oes Gn fy neta 79 BLATcHLEY, W.S. Some additional new species of Heter- optera from the southern United States, with char-
HeremZAtion Of. ad MEW SEWUS <. ... 5 vss cieb es cas eee els 45 Tiemenanoes Of NAMES. 2.25 se bie ohcw dees wed woe 245 Brimuey, C. S. New species of Diptera from North SUT dace as ney aat eles pace alae Gee eee 73 Wagieta totes trom North Carolina... :-.2i.c--n2..20% 85 Catvert, P. P. Editorial: Entomology at the convoca- tion week meetings, December, 1924 ....:......... 55 Editorial: Evolutionary entomology .........5.....:- 244 Editorial: Give us entomological mews .............. 147 ioedinem Mos FLO De * 2 xh) 2h. o akice hee aii eke 122 Editorial: How to meet the rising costs of publication. 27 Editorial: An international congress of entomology in Sey ee aM IE ep nae cee we. SPP eee sie iin ete
322 INDEX
Editorials, Opgtinancial coltmin yep.) e sere eee Editorial: A reminder for collectors of insects........ Obittiery AcE tieene, Simon. ayes tage. 2 See ae menage es Obituary: Paul Reweres Myers) a4. ee ee orien ee ee ce Review: Bibliography of the North American Hemip-
tera TTECERODECT AY Ne hse e aus ao ae ie PME enero eae nema eee
Review: Fiji-New Zealand expedition .y5. sep. ts eee Review: An introduction. to-eutomoloiy; =. 2c. es ste Review: Monograph of the Plecoptera of America NOTENCOrM MERIC Wiel eneaeus ade ee het eee epee Review: Report of the proceedings of the fifth ento- molosical meeting held at Pusa 22. .4.0. -.- ese ee Review: Revista Chilena de historia natural 2. ...... CHAMBERLIN, R. V. A new lthobiomorphous chilopod hom: Ueusiay vt eee ee Pee eee oe ee ee eee
CHAMPLAIN, KirK & KNuLL. Notes on Cerambycidae 105,
CHAMPLAIN & KNULL. A new species of Lepturges . CocKERELL, T. D. A. . Diploplectron in California ...:. Review = Liandbook of the tsetseuues «seus eee eee Cooringe,.. KR... Barnouchs and ibtes, -cec pee see ee The life history of Euchloe creusa hyantis ..........%. Nathalis cle in, @alitormiiays <ontle oo. cec\ngeete ears oe OVO. LOkt——a, CORTECHON: x. Sateen ge eee er Cort, W. W. The American society of parasitologists. . Crampton, G. C. Review: General textbook of entomol-
OGY. rade Sa OR Lee eerie oe ee ee eae a ee oe ean Cresson, E. T., Jr. Another record for the female of Glutops Simgularis oe een eee ee eee Descriptions of new genera and species of the dipterous family phiydsidaes 5: oof anes essen icin wee ee ee Editorial: What shall be dene with the News? ........ Entomological literature. (See under General Sub- jectsa) Minutes of Entomoloeteal Section nace epee oe Crossy & Bisuop. Two new spiders from the Blue Ridge mountains of North) @arolina (le )\e-. 4s een ee eee Curran, C. H. Three new nearctic Tachinidae ........
aoe
INDEX 323
DopcE, E. A. Notes on the life history of Catocala
PLAID oe toes Oe chs ie a ee A a i 267 Ewinc, H. E. New mites of the family Dermanyssidae. 18 Fett, E. P. New York State collection of insects...... 211 Fox, © A new.genus-of the Siphonaptera ......:..4.% 121 Frison, T. H. Review: Anatomy and physiology of the
HOMENMIDE EM PSE tot. vices cv st OAR oes aes wets 219 Frost, S. W. Convergent development in leaf mining
i SES. Ren, SL alg an a aA ee eee 7 eu, Ee 299 Germprpeweh. dew! LAA belle: ac. 0 20a oa anal oe 185 GILMER, P. M. Note on the poison apparatus of Lagoa
BUS SOE GE by 6s Ase eae EOS TSA PLAC Ses B 231 Gor, M. T. Eight months study of earwigs .....0.6.. 234 GuNnpe_r, J. D. Avoiding name priority confusion ...... 276
Calitounia s anual butterfly: show 0% 6:% $h.0ceeda: L23
Coipodes elie an California, 24.4 2.6. 048. ~4 bee ee 273
ower Caliiernia, open to entomologists »...... 7.9%: pA
Several new aberrant! Lepidoptera (ill.) ........./2~. 193
Several new varieties of and aberrant Lepidoptera from
GMinommine: (ily os ret. vlad fej o as tad Se oe 1 Harris, H. M. A new species of Nabidae from the west-
Smale Mme StabeGrt 49: 1V.). Rees ols a Seas ASE eee ee ed 205
Ey Vs Liv Ammew speciesof Trogus oo bs... s6 adie 306
Hatcu, M. H. A catalogue of the Coleoptera of Michigan 244 Haves, W. P. A preliminary list of the ants of Kansas
10; 39,69 Herrick, G. W. Notes on some little known thrips (ill.) 180 Hoop, J. D. Six new Thysanoptera from the western
igi tates. sas. aaen acres oe p ese eee pee LOM MeO Hovucu, W. S. The anal lobe of Pseudococcus comstocki PN ra chy ra tieh, « Lad aes sinh Wars uP a eee 52 Howarp, L. O. An appeal for Hungarian entomologists. 54 The international entomological congress at Zurich ... 286 Parasitic Hymenoptera feeding by indirect suction.... 129 Wanted—Live cocoons of giant silk worms .......... 274 Hupsety, T. H. Melanoplus stonei in Michigan ....... 168 Hurr, C. G. The “sun-ray” structure in the posterior larval ‘spitacles of some muscoid flies (ill.)”....... ...,.). Ze
Hutt, F. M. Dipterological work in South Dakota ..... 209
324 INDEX
Huncerrorp & BEAMER. Report of collections of aquatic Hemiptera taken in Cherokee County, Kansas, and other new -reconds dirom the statespctoenue seve ae 262,
JoHAaNNSEN, O. A. A new sciarid from the eastern United States:< wewisrilc he eictoee basi ey tee ere ee ee
Jonrs, FM... igaloscotes fumosa (ill) gical. = eh aia eee North American Psychids: edwardsu Heyl (ill.).....
Kirk, H. B. (See Champlain, Kirk & Knull.)
Kuaces, E. A. What becomes of great collections? ..... Knicut, H. H. Description of a new species of Plagvognathus:tsom the eastern Wi Sie. .24. 25. ae Neocapsus cuneatus in Arizona and Texas, with a vari- ety described from Mississippi and North Carolina. .
KNuLL, J. N. (See Champlain, Kirk & Knull.)
Lene, C. W. Obituary ;. Thomas Lincoln Casey 2 ..555.% McAtegz, W. L. European species of Eupteryx in the United ‘States .1s-venviie Ser ae aso tee eee Predatorial. capacity |i. 12 NAS hee ee ee
NEEDHAM, J. G. Entomologists are honest ............
Some aquatic neuropteroid insects of Lake George.... SATTERTHWAIT, A. F. Two new species of Calendra.... Scuaus, W. Two new Saturnids from South America. .
SKINNER, H. Editorial: Coleman T. Robinson ......°. Third international congress of entomology ......... TITHERINGTON, R. J. Minutes of The American Entomo- loprcal (SOCKeE Ge p.c aise oulne t's 2 ones cee eee ee 254,
TowNnseEnNp, C. H. T. Work on the United States National Museum collection of Muscoid Diptera from 1914 to POT ek shee daw Bee alee eth oo 8 Steen eee Be ee ame er one
Viereck, H. L. Recent impressions of the British Mu- SOUT sw isitevesnite ae peeve yengiachs oR Grads AC tee RO Te Mee meng
Weiss,;Ee. B. -ColeopteranewtouNew (ersey.- ee ar seer Jean Henri Fabre andHleanor Ormerod a5 ss an = Washington Hoppin, M.D., illustrator of Jaeger’s “Life
oft North American timsects sill) ae ee eee
Weiss & West. An adelid gall on Virginia creeper ....
West, E. (See Weiss & West.)
Wirreter, W. M. Obituary: (CarloyBmeny = o.ooce
WicutamMs, R. C. Minutes of The American Entomologi- Cal OOCIELY |. ssa s os tes hoe sn a ERE es ie ene ee
GENERAL SUBJECTS.
INDEX 325 Leaf mining insects, Develop- oo Vea A a Bese | EC ee oe a American entomological socie- List of insects, New York ty, Riniites ria ene 159, 254, 316 etate slap ta ‘sta toh eters Reckios 57, 148 Brometiecked ty imeccts... 18 Lorquin entomological club .. 123 PNCTAUIE SAMSECES)” 6. 3h vanes «50,2: 119 Lower California open to en- BeemeMuccui Recent. im- tomoOlOgIStS eaten 211 PER SEOUS IO elie sols sine a « 308 Burroughs and bugs ........ 24 IDimuieiciky SOs sapauoeoeeooe 123 Changes of addresses ....... 245
Collections, New York State 211 Collections?, What becomes of 146 Collectors, A reminder for .. 208 Convocation week meetings .. 55 Costs of publication Development in leaf mining insects, Convergent ...... 299 Entomological literature
Zag Jay oo, 123, 150,. 186, 212, 245, 277, 310.
Entomological section of the Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philadelphia, Min- CES” “Sis Sos ploR eer 126
BsailanWeINOtes (On) << 542.1006 0.02): 208
Evolutionary entomology .... 244
Expedition to Pacific tropical PATI CIA GAMME Say Woy ars aiaycispsvo so: 2 209
Feeding by indirect suction .. 129
Honest, Entomologists are .. 149
opemG@Editorial)) 22.2 22... 122
Hungarian entomologists, Ap- DEAIMMO TI eae . wc Soccer kde 54
Imperial entomological con- eps aS: On ree a 109
Insects attacked by insects 11; 234,0279 International congress of en- tomology .... 27, 57, 148, 286 Jaeger’s Life of North Ameri- can Insects, Illustrator of
(GLI) ile eee aa Rl aS 257 Kansas entomologists organize apiStalemSOGlety- «. «ccna... 221
Mailing practice, Better .... 186
INGER AGINO HS sucudaesoucede 147 Our financial column ...... 184 PArASItIG IMSECLS. tee sete 18 Parasitologists, American so- Clety ‘of 25.2 eee eee 149
Plants attacked by insects 65, 87, 105, 180, 289 Protection of insects ........ 272
Radio, Entomology by ...... 274
What shall be done with the News!) s., Ca .c eee eee 86
Zoological record, Insecta part 208, 274
OBITUARY NOTICES. BaneelaastyAn ence acre ee 128 Butler: Aung, nik aetna y 256 Gants acAmauer eye prea tae 222 Casey ag Iba be niets 28, cee 97 met yg Co. a epi? a. a ae Re 318 assl-dMeplitz eA\s Gina 96 Grassiy (G..cBN pod cake, See 224 Grithths= Gx (Css. eer 222 chetis “Dy ope eee 224 Miclichar (lbs ssn ere 224 Miers weir neha ee 192- Simon, beeen eee 222 Wenzellichs Wests eee 320 Wajtsman ae ae ere 224
PERSONALS.
dams: Ct Eee ae erates 275 Bupgouciisy een ae 24 Cockerell Fae Ds Aye elas Habre] mnibinier nt eect eter. 95 Eerriss) Geel o seis cos 209 Gibson: “Aveeno 109
Floppini) Wiah. oro cak css. tc. 257
326 Meno We ils 6 oc4ec0 So 5d0cpr 245 @rinerods) Da.) eee see 95 Robinson, Ga Wl. ning oat - 309 Schaus Wi. hopes hee | eset 138 Sirsa, ley Seuss AdonDmooc 275 Wer IDitaae li, IPS a ooaceeane- 276 REVIEWS. Austen: Handbook of the tse- tse WIGS) tee coe aet. cat eae 62 Comstock: Introduction to en- | TemnalORnie” dasa deohevovcadc 94 Nutting: Fiji-New Zealand Ex pediions ee 0 et emcee a: 158 Imms: General textbook of ahepioloPay sosagnanone70c 283 Néedham & Claassen: Mono- ‘graph of Plecoptera ...... 314 Parshley: Bibliography of Hemiptera-Heteroptera .... 315
Report of fifth Pusa meeting 63 Revista. Chilena historia natural Snodgrass: Anatomy _ physiology of the honey bee 219
GEOGRAPHICAL
. DISTRIBUTION.
Arizona: Hem., 78. Lep., 193, 273.
aiiys., Lol:
California: Col., 79. Dip., 165. ‘Hem., 52, 205. Hym., 87. Lep.,
and
Sy 5, 86, 123,,slol, 198; e270. Siph., 121.
“Colorado: Lep. 44, 193. Thys., 101, 134.
Florida: Dip., 225. Hem., 45. Illinois: Dip., 275. Indiana: Arach., 18.
Kansas: Col., 269. Hem., 225, Aor, lelypark, 10)
Louisiana: Col., 207. Dip., 165. Massachusetts: Hem., 88. Lemp,
193. Michigan: Dip., 200, 229. Orth., 168.
INDEX
Minnesota: Col., 269.
Missouri: Odon., 77.
New Jersey: Col., 160, 310. Dip., (65.ep.” Mlb, tea:
New York: Dip., 200, 266. Hem.,
306.. Hym., 306. Neu. 110. Thys., 180.
North Carolina: Dip., 73, 200, 229. Hem., 45. Odon., 85. Arach.,
142.
Oregon: Hem., 205.
Pennsylvania: Col., 105, 159, 317. Dip) Ziv. tyme 1738 hep. 28. Orth., 317.
Texas: Lep., 33. Hem, 78, 225. .Thys., 134.
Virginia: Arach., 18
Canada: Dip., 165, 200. Lep., 193.
West Indies: Dip., 165.
Central America: Dip., 165.
South America: Lep., 25. Neu.,
289. Arach., 18, 120. ARACHNIDA.
AONC TIVE. - +3 cv.tcrtetater eo eh ete sea 142
brevipes*, Leiognathus ...... 19
chilensis*, Liponyssus ......~. 21
Dermanyssus (see ott).
easti*, Serpenticola ....0...+. 18
Leiognathus
chilensis). Leptoneta (see silvicultrix). Liponyssus (see robustipes).
(see brevipes,
MtCrOMecUna® nee Soe 145 montwagus*, Microhexura Gilly. cagiabsas tence cdaent rer 145 otix, Dermanyssis ........-- 21 robustipes*, Liponyssus ...... 20
Serpenticola (see eastt). silwicultrix*, Leptoneta (ill.) 142
COLEOPTERA. aceris, Xylotrechus ......... 139 aculifer, Leptostylus .......- 140
INDEX
acuminata, Ophistomis
Aegomorphus (see decipiens).
@eneola*, Halicta .+.. 5.0.00. 245
aenescens, Halicta
Amphicoma (see vulpina).
Aneflomorpha (see subpubes- cens).
Anthophilax (see attenuatus, malachiticus ).
Arhopalus (see fulminans).
Astylidus (see parvus).
attenuatus, Anthophilax .... 107 axillaris, Purpuricenus ...... 139 bajalus, Hvylotrupes ........ 108
Batyle (see suturalis), Bembidion (see suspectum). blaisdelli, Omus Brachypterus cinereus in New MGS Y iP RUIN. ivlhoee Soe ve Calendra (see muttilineatus, medoracnsts ). Catalogue of coleoptera of IMU GhNG ants x. Jota So BO Change of name in Halicta Cicindela (see pacifica). Clytoleptus (see tristis). Clytus (see marginicollis). celonus, Xylotrechus cortiphagus, Romaleum ...... 105 crassicornis, Eulabis cyanipennis, Gaurotes ........ 107 Cyrtophorus (see verrucosus ). decipiens, Aegomorphus ...... 140 depsarium, Tragosoma Derancistrus (see taslei). Eburia (see quadrigeminata). Elaphidion (see mucronatum). Eleodes (see snowt). emarginata, Leptura Fulabis — (see montants ),
244 5245
latisignata,
crassicoriis,
Eupogonius (see pubescens, subarmatis ).
facetus, Lepturges
327 famelica, Ophistomis ........ 108 Feeding of tiger beetle ...... 2/5 fulminans, Arhopalus ........ 108 Gaurotes (see cyampennis). Heterachtes (see quadrima-
culatus ).
Hylotrupes (see bajalus), lateraliss, “Saperdassss eee 141 latisignata, Cicindela ........ 80
Leiopus (see variegatus). Leptostylus (see aculifer). Leptura (see emarginata). Lepturges (see symmetricus, regularis, signatus, querci, facetus, minutus). lignea, Semanotus Listrus (see moantanus). luteicornis, Oplhistomis malachiticus, Anthophilax .. 107 margmicollis, Clytus medoraensis*, Calendra minutus*, Lepturges ........ 207
montanus, Endbis 2922s. 83
FUOWLAIUIUS =” VIELSLIALSee eae 83
mucronatum, Elaphidion .... 106
multilineatus*, Calendra .... 269
HEVODS, Ober ates sane. 142
Oberea (see myops, ruficollis).
Obrium (see rufulum).
Omus (see reynoldsi, blais- dell).
Ophistomis (see famelica, acumuata, luteicornis).
pacifica, Cicmdela .4.,...22: 81
paruus, Astylidws =... 2.256. 140
Phenaodes laticollis, Larva of 317
Philonthus varians in New
Jers€ye sjs.nes teeter 310 Plagiodera (see versicolor). Psapharochrus (see quadrigib-
bus).
Psenocerus (see supernotatus ). Pseudtbidion (see unicolor). pubescens, Eupogonius ...... 141 Purpuricenus (see axillaris). quadrigeminata, Eburia ..... 105
328
quadrigibbus, Psapharochrus 140 quadrimaculatus, Heterachtes 106 quadrimaculatus, Nylotrechus 108
querct, Lepturges ........<. 141 regularis, Lepturges ........ 140 reynoladst, Omus ..5.-....-5. 79 Romaleum (see cortiphagus), rmncollis,, Obercaymtees sane 142 rufulum, Obrium ........%-. 106 Saperda (see lateralis). Scarabaeus (see tityus). Schaumt, Stenocorus ........ 106 Semanotus (see lignea). signatus, Leptwrges .......... 140 snout, Eleodes ......... hea 84 Stenocorus (see schauint, iri-\ vittatus ). Strangalia (see subhamata). subarmatus, Eupogoniuts .... 141 subhamata, Strangalia ...... 107
subpubescens, Aneflomorpha . 106
supernotatus, Psenocerus .... 140 suspectum, Bembidion ...... 82 SMEs (Batvle te. ane ee 140 symmetricus, Lepturges ...... 140 taslet, Derancistrus .......... 105 Tiger beetle, Feeding of .... 275 biyus, Sicaravacns” |}. 40). ost 127 Tragosoma (see depsarium). irisits, Clytaleptus 5... 2...0: 139 trivittatus, Stenocorus ...... 106 unicolor, Pseudibidion ...... 106 variegatus, Leiopus .......... 140 verrucosus, Cyrtophorus .... 139 versicolor, Plagiodera ...... 159 vulpina, Amphicoma ........ 160 Xylotrechus (see quadrimacu- latus, aceris, colonus). DIPTERA.
adfints, Trimerinma .......... 165 adjuncta*, Ceropsilopa ...... 165
annaniariae*, Odontomyia .... 76 anthracina, Linnaemyta Antocha, (see obtusa).
INDEX
Calliphora cephala). carolinensis*, Ormosia Cerometopum. (see lacunos- um). Ceropsilopa staffordt). Chilosia (see swannanoa), compactus*, Linnaemyia .... 14 Crane-flies (see Tipulidae). Dasymolophilus (see Molo- philus). Dicranota (see also divaricata.) Dipterological work in South Dakota disjuncta, Microphthalma .... 18 Ditrichophora (see nadinae). divaricata*, Dicranota dorothea*, Odontomerus .... 74 Drosophila (see hydet). Ephydra (see pacifica). erythrocephala, Calliphora .. 239 Eulonchus (see marialiciae ). fioridensis*, Molophilus .... 230 Glenanthe (see litorea). Glutops (see singularis). haemorrhoidalis, Linnaemyia. 14
(see erythro-
(see adjuncta,
hydet, Drosophila .......... 240
lacunosum*, Ceromeltopum .. 165
Larval spiracles of muscoid mies: (all. cesar ee 239
litorea*, Glenanthe .......... 166
Ennaemyia ee ieee eee 1S (see also anthracina, varia, compactus, haemorrhoidalis, nigrescens. )
marialicae*, Eulonchus ...... 77
michiganensis, Microphthalma 17
Micro phthalma oreo. 69 <6 ee Son 15 (see also phyllophagae, dis- juncta, michiganensts. )
Molophilus (see niphadias, floridensis ).
Muscoid Diptera, Work on collection .aiy, 2iacune ee 22
INDEX
Muscoidea, Larval spiracles of
Somes GUM) i tise erotic toreracte's Ss 239 nadinae*, Ditrichophora 166 nanciae*, Tetanocera vicina 75 Neuroctena (see ruthae). nigrescens*, Linnaemyia 14 niphadias*, Molophilus ...... 229 OUMSG-DeAILLOGH Geen ose 201 Odontomerus (see dorothea). Odontomyia (see annamariae ). Ormosia (see carolmensis). BOGUAC@T. EDHNVATM 35... 20-5 167 Phornua (see regina). phyllophagae*, Microphthalmo 16 regina, Phornua ............ 240 HCHGPRIGOVEUTS, 0. aioe sisinaieln os 202
(see also rogersiana). rogersiana*, Rhaphidolabis 204 ruthae*, Neuroctena ........ 75 Sciara (see sinilans). sumilans®, Scira ............ 266
singularis, Glutops 211
staffordi*, Ceropsilopa ...... 166 Sun-ray structures in larva (GUIS) Fees 3:0 Sean Merete 239 swannanoa*, Chilosia ........ 73 Tetanocera (see nanciae). Trimerinoides* ....%..... el65
United States National Mu- Seummcollection | acre e605 22
varia*, Linnaemyia .........- 14 HEMIPTERA. clliials, IBGHOGh Booanoeecueeoc 228 Anal lobe of Pseudococcus Gonustocien (alle) ayaerte ct a2 Aquatic hemiptera, Report of amcollection: 22-4446! 262, 295 artemisiae, Eupteryx .......- 88 australis, Hydrometra ...... 295 Belostoma in Kansas ........ 298 brunneae*, Glossoaspis .....- 5
Buenoa (sée scimitra, marga- ritacea, carinata, albida, lim- nocastoris, macrotibialts, ele- gans ).
table of species carimata, Bwenod sot) ).s25208 Change of name in /schnode- HUWS © nahesoia Seg Ee, comstocki, Pseudococcus (ill.) concinna, Eupteryx .......... cuneatus, Neocapsus elegans, Buenoa Eupteryx (see artemisiac, con- cuina, melissae, stellulata). floridana*, Physopleurella .... flumineum, Belostoma ...... Gelastocoridae, Key to genera Gelastocoris Glossoaspis* (see also brunneca.) hinei, Microvelia
Hydrometra (see marti, aus- tralis, ztley). ilicis*, Plagiognathus wrorata, Notonecta Ischnodemus (see pusillus). leviscutatus*, NC UEWS' | aan Wena wre) proce eeetene limnocastoris, Buenoa ...... longicorms*, Malacopus lovettr*, Nabis lutearum, Belostoma macrotibialis, Buenoa MGl@COPiWts Von nSs erie r tee (see also longicornis.) margaritacea, Buenoa (ill.).. martini, Hydrometra melissae, Eupteryx
Neocapsus cu-
Microzelia (see parallela, hinet).
minulus®, Ischnodemus ......
WAGUOUNEE Cooopaccmoaodt uae:
Nabis (see lowett:).
Neocapsus (see cuneatus, le-
viscutatus ). Notonecla (see irrorata). parallela*, Microwelia Phiysoplenrellay vers2cisee™ - 1s
(see also floridana.) Plagiognathus (see ticis).
330 Pseudococcus comstocki, Anal lobe von, wills) ee eh un oe pusillus*, Ischnodemus .. 45, 245 Ranaira in Kansas ........:+% 298 scimitra*, Buenoa (ill.) .....- 226 stellulata, Eupteryx .......0. 88 Van Duzee collection of Hem- iptera; as,hs:<vede we eevee 276 wileyt, Hydrometra ........ 295 HYMENOPTERA. Acamatus (see Eciton). aggerans, Formica rufa ...... 70 americana, Myrmicina gram- WUCOIG. 08a see teen ates 39 americanus, Camponotus cas- HUONG ORR Rio Aen dork f 71 americanus, Lasius niger -... 70 analis, Iridomyrmex pruinosus 69 Ant mounds, McCook’s 173
Ants of Kansas, List of 10, 39, 69 Aphaenogaster (see marie, treatac, fulva, tennesscensis ).
breviceps, Polyergus-........ 71 Camponotus (see nitidiventris, maculalus, castaneus, aimeri- canus, herculeanus, pennsyl- vanicus, ferugineus, nearcti- cus, minutus, decipiens, dis- color, caryae). castaneus, Camponotus ...... 71 caryae, Camponotus ......--. 72 craviger, Lasts oo): .%62. 088. 70 clara, Cremastogaster lineolata 42 commutatus, Eciton .......-. 12 commutata, Neoponera ...... 294 Cremastogaster (see lineolata, leviuscula, clara, missour- 1CNSIS ). croceum, Proceratiuum ....... 11 curvispmosus, Leptothorax .. 43 decipiens, Camponotus fallax. 72 Diploplectron in California .. 87
discolor, Camponotus fallax .. 72 Dorymyrmex (see pyramicus,
avUus ). flavus )
INDEX
Eciton (see schmitti, opact- thorax, convunutatus, nigres- ‘cens).
exsectoides, Formica
Feeding by indirect suction. .
ferrugineus, Camponotus her- culeanus
flavida, Vespula communts flavus, Dorymyrmex pyranti-
GiUSs Yoh See Ree ae 4 Fornuca (see subintegra, ag- gerans, exsectoides, palli-
defulva, schaufussi, nitidi- ventris, subsericea, subpol- ita).
fulva, Aphacnogaster hayesi, Pheidole herculeanus, Camponotus imparis, Prenolepis interjectus, Lasius Iridomyrmex (see analis). Lasius (see neoniger, amert- canus, umbratus, interjectus, clazviger, latipes). latipes, Lasius
Leptothorax (see — schaumi, cCurvis pinosus ).
leviuscula, Cremastogaster linéolata” ....+...- BAe ccintate
lineolata, Cremastogaster lucidus, Polyergus maculatus, Camponotus mariac, Aphaenogaster melanderi, Prenolepis vividula minimum, Monomorium
muimum, Monomoruum minu-
twin minutus, Camopnotus fallax Cremastogaster
MISSOULICNSIS,
CHOUIME (ota hinquro eter molesta, Solenopsis ......... Monomorium (see pharaonis,
munimune).
Myrmica (see rubra, sul- cinodoides).
Myrmicina (see americana).
70 129
72 309
69
43 42 72 69 70
70
42 42 71 71 42 69 40
40 72
42 40
INDEX
nearcticus, Camponotus fallax 72 neoniger, Lasius niger ..... 70 Neoponera (see comiiutata). nietus, Prenolepis ..........- 69 mgrescens, Econ ......:. 4... 12 nigrocinctus*, Trogus ...... 306 mitidwentris, Camponotus HUAGUUCEUS NL LD a2 alsialFoiele oo 71 nitidiventris, Fornuca palli- CU. gels ores oe 7\ occidentalis, Pogonomyrmex. 43 opacior, Ponera trigona ..... 12 opactthorax, Eciton ...:..... 12 Overwintering of Vespula... 309 pallidefulva, Fornuca ....... 70 pallipes, Stigmatomma ...... 1] Parasitic hymenoptera feeding 129 parvula, Prenolepis ......,.. 69 pennsylvanica, Ponera coarc- QUE!” 6 cel Ra 11 pennsylvanicus, Camponotus Wer EGWWS, 5 Vacs eens oe 72 pharaons, Monomorium 40 Pheidole (see pilifera, sit- arches, vinelandica, hayesi). pilifera, Pheidole ..........: 41 Pogonomyrmex (see rugosus, occidentalis). Polyergus (see breviceps, lu- cidus). Ponera (see pennsylvanica, opactor). Prenolepis (see imparis, par- vula, melanderi, nietus). Proceratium (see croceum). pyranucus, Dorymyrinex 69 WO KO WVINITINUCH 2.26.02 + seu 43 rugosus, Pogonomyrmex bar- (REGIS OS ss GRRE eee 43 schaufussi, Formica pallide- HORE Ce Sate ocd Sector ere 70 schaunu, Leptothorax ...... 43 schmatth. Ectionm 3.5.1....... 12 Solenopsis (see molesta, tex- ana). sitarches, Pheidole_........- 41
Stigmatomma (see pallipes).
subintegra, Formica sanguinea subpohta, Formica ........é. subsericea, Formica fusca ... sulcinodoides, Myrimica rubra. tennesseensis, Aphacnogaster. texana, Solenopsis ......... treatae, Aphaenogaster ...... Trogus (see nigrocuictus ).
wmibratus, ILGSWUS, ........0.-
Vespula (see flavida).
vinelandica, Pheidole ....... LEPIDOPTERA. Aberrant Lepidoptera, New GIDE Ce reece peace il Adela (see ridingsella). Adelid: calllsits— =-iee reece
acreofuscus*, Rhabdoides cel- lus (ill.) Anthocharis (see sternitzkyi). Argymnts (see comstockt). Atrytonopsis (see polingt). baldyensis*, Philotes battoides ll.) Bastlarchia (see comstockt). biselliella, Tinea Brenthis (see tollandensis). Brephidium (see coolidget).
carbonaria, Psyche ......... Calpodes (see cthlius). calydon, Melitaea ........... Catocala whitneyt, Life his- WON “Ae napoacoocatenodtcr Clothes moth, Process for preventing ravages of ..... cocklei*, Papilio eurymedon ontoyonis’ (CUD) “sooandbAoo ee coloradensis, Heodes heteroma CU ee eR. He een ae comstocki*, Argynns calippe Cis) cn one eens: comstocki*, Basitlarchia (ill.). comstocki*, Dione vanillae (SUN eee ey oo er one eee eee comstocki*, Philotes sonoren- SES “(CUI)® Saki pee ae Amerie Soe
330
193 116
196
302
comstocki*, Polites sabuleti SL Sree Late) Reg) Se confederata, Eurukuttarus GIB) is 4. Rasdiss ee age coolidget*, Brephidium exilis GTC Sete eee eee hee, oe
coltlei*, Pieris napt castoria (ill. ) crispata, Lagoa Dirphia (see lulesa). Dione (see comstockt). Dysodia (see granulata). edwardsii, Eurukuttarus (ill.) ethlius, Calpodes Euchloe creusa hyantis, Life ISTORY, «cn pieetaseec re erie Euphydryas (see omniluteo- fuscus, hemiluteofuscus, os- lari, magdelenac). Eurukuttarus (see edwardsti, polingt, confederata). eurytion, Mehtaea fumosa, Hyaloscotes (ill.) Galasa (see rubidana). Glaucopsyche (see huguenit). glaucus, Papilio glovertt, Platoeccticus gorgoniot*, Phaedrotes granulata, Dysodia hemiluteofuscus*, Euphydryas chalcedona (ill.) Heodes (see coloradensis). huguenim’*, Glaucopsyche werces (ill.) Hyaloscotes (see also fuitosa.) hyantis, Euchloe creusa Information wanted iLO © A A al esoteric ee MY 3 tole, Nathalis
(ill.). ll.)
on Pap-
Junonia (see schraderi).
crispata, (OUTS aie come ale mo Ga nic ot
Leploles (see violacea).
Lagoa Poison ap-
Live cocoons wanted loki, Strymon
ee .
197
195
198
231
29
INDEX
lulesa*, Dirphia .......0....
7 magdelenae*, Euphydryas SUCH TED ACAILD AN ees See eae
38 = malcolinti*, Plebeius monticola GU ae ce ee te
3. massachusettensis*, Vanessa mrgimensis (ill) .22cccee
197. Melitaea (see eurytion, caly-
231 don).
Nathalis (see iole). newcombi*, Zercne eurydice (Gilg): Po SAE RRR eee
38 Omitted names from recent
273 NIStS: Ree ae cee ee ee ae omniluteofuscus*, Euphydryas
65 chalcedonanGll) ene ee Ormuscodes (see schreitert). oslari*, Euphydryas — anicia
capella) gece eee pallida*, Plebeius monticola CilIG) AAS SAS cee eeteee
119 Papilio (see turnus, glaucus,
161 troilus cocklet).
Phaedrotes (see gorgoniot). Philotes (see baldyensis, com-
160 stockt).
37. ~—s Pieris (see cottlei).
4 Platoeceticus (see gloverit).
273 =Plebeius (see malcolm, pal-
lida).
196 Poison apparatus of Lagoa
(HANOI sa oo baenocde dar polingi*, = Atrytonopsis — ed- 3 ZUOr@sat (lay Sersereeie noe
163 polingi, Eurukuttarus (all.) .. Polites (see comstockt).
65 Priority confusion, Avoiding
MAINE. yshice roche ree
185 Psyche (see carbonaria).
86 Rhabdoides (see aercofuscus). ridiwgsella, Adela .......:..- fuvldane, GOGSG. ssesnee see
231 schraderi*, Junoma coema
(Gt LN ed retains ce ey at onsie sak thos
274 schreitert*, Ormiscodes ......
26 Silk worm cocoons wanted.. 274
INDEX
slermitskyi*, Anthocharis sara
GIS rere eoere toe seria, Sacks ls 4 Tinea (see biselliella). tollandensis*, Brenthis ...... 44 POUUSEMGPUNO! Giecon a fone ow 185 WUGIUUS ACP TUVOUE yc the clei ob « 128 Vanessa (see massachusetten-
Sis). violacca*, Leptotes marina
(CTL)? = SO site Se 6 whiney Catocala .......... 267 Zerene (see newcombt).
MYRIAPODA. OS CSD SMe eee tts aft stat Se viens 120
Lithobiomorphous chilopod 120 siutheticus*, Kesubius ...... 120
NEUROPTEROIDS. Acroneuria (see trijuncta).
Aquatic neuropteroid insects. 110 basalts, Choroterpes ........ 113 bilmeata, Hexagenia i brasiliensis, Synternies ...... 294 Caents (see diminuta). castaneus, Neotermes (ill.) 291 Chauliodes (see pectinicornis,
Serricornis ).
Choroterpes (see basalis). Climacia (see dictyona). dictyona, Clynacia ..........- 116 Cumumuta, Caenis ............ 113 Ephemera (see simulans). grandis, Syntermes ......... 294 FHeptagema (see interpunctata,
pulchella).
Hexagenia (see bilineata). AFUE STIS. 6. ie ee es 115
interpunctata, Heptagenia ... 113 Leptophlebia (see mollis). Leucotermes (see tenuis).
niollis, Leptophiebia ........ 112 nasutus, Rhinotermes ....... 293 Neotermes (see castancus).
pectinicorms, Chauliodes .... 115 pulchella, Fleptagenia ....... 113
333 Rhinotermes (see nasutus). serricornis, Chauliodes ...... 115 Sialis (see infuimata). simulans, Ephemera ......... 112
Syntermes brasiliensis). tents,
(see grandis,
Leucotermes Termites injurious to guava
bree RU) aoe ee ee 28° trijuncta, Acroneuria ....... 111 ODONATA. Argia (see violacea). Basiaeschna (see janata). brevistylus, Hagenius ....... 114
carunculatum, Enallagma .... 115 cerruptum, Sympetrum Coryphaeschna (see ingens). cynosura, Tetragoneuria .... 115 Didymops (see transversa).
ebrium, Enallagma ......... 115 Enallagma (see carunculatum, ebrium, pictum). GXtlis GOMpPUss soe see 114 Gomphus (see exilis, plagia- ; tus). Hagenius (see brevistylus). wlinotensis, Macromia ....... 114 ugens, Coryphaeschna ....... 85 janata, Basiaeschna ......... 114 Macromia (see illinotensis). Nastaeschna (see pentacantha). Neurocordulia (see obsoleta). Notes from North Carolina .. 85 obsoleta, Neurecordulia ...,. 115 pentacantha, Nastaeschna ... 85 pictum, Enallagma .......... 85 flagiatus, Gomphus ......... 114 Predatorial capacity ........ 77 semicinctum, Synipetrum .... 115 Synpetrum (see corruptiun, semicinctum). Tetragoneuria (see cynosura). transversa, Didymops ..... 115 violacea, Argia oencaieweeriein yh 115
354
ORTHOPTERA. Nerididaes) eet ss eit cer 168 auricularia, Forficula ....... 234 SAAMI, SuUeKhy @i® Gadadoe doc 234 Forficula (see auricularia). Melanopius (see stonet). Melanoplus femur-rubrum
EVHOTNS Gustosdaoacuaos 317
stonei, Melanoplus ;:......... 168
SIPHONAPTERA. Actenophthalmus* —....... » 121 Ctenophthalmus (see hetsert). heiseri, Ctenophthalmus ..... 121
THYSANOPTERA. Anaphothrips (see decolor). decolor*, Anaphothrips ..... 101 distalis*, Haplothrips ....... 103
INDEX
dracaenae, Parthenothrips
Gul ued cs ooo. 182 Eurythrips (see harti). Haplothrips (see purpuratus, .
distalis). harti*, Eurythrips ....-..--- 135 DUP Os AOUDS oie atin wie acl oraecal 183 jacksom*, Ocdaleothrips ..... 137
Liothrips (see vaneecket). Notes on little known thrips 180 Oedaleothrips (see jackson). oriomts, Taeniothrips Parthenothrips (see nac), piger*, Rhynchothrips furpuratus*, Haplothrips .... 101 Rhynchothrips (see piger).- Taeniothrips (see orionis). Thrips (see wupar). waneecket, Liothrips
dracac-
EXCHANGES
This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale. Notices not exceed- ing three lines free to subscribers.
These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued.
Wanted—Correspondence with collectors desiring to make a trip to South America to collect with me as a companion. Write—A. F. Porter, Decorah, Iowa.
E. A. Dodge of 546 Bay St., Santa Cruz, California, would be pleased to exchange with other W. S. Lepidopterists.
Wanted—Macrolepidoptera (first quality only, in papers) and living pupae from all countries in exchange for European material. Herbert Noack, Mathildenplatz 8, Darmstadt, Germany.
Will send volumes XXV (1921) and XXVII (1923), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, in exchange for School Entomology by Sanderson & Peairs and Classbook of Economic Entomology by Wm. Lochhead (latest editions) sent to me by registered mail. Will give vol. XXXV also for a copy of American Insects by V. L. Kellogg (last edition) sent registered. Prof. Dr. C. E. Porter, Casilla 2974, Santiago, Chile.
For Exchange—A fine collection of butterflies of the Indian region, 1300 species, including many rarities. Apply to Dr. C. F. C. Beeson, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.
Wanted—For Cash. U. S. Bureau of Entomology Technical Series 5; and Bureau Circular 3, 27, and 132.—State Entomologist, Capitol Annex, Madison, Wisconsin.
Wanted to buy or exchange Named American Chrysids and Ruby Wasps. Mortimer L. J. Higgins, 36 Imlay St., Hartford, Connecticut.
I wish to exchange butterflies with collectors in the United States—V. W. A. Moller, Frederick St., Taninga, Brisbane, Aus- tralia.
Wanted—Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 2 (1869) to 9 (1877); Vol. 12 (1879); Nos. 5, 9 of Vol. 17 (1885); No. 3 of Vol. 18 (1886); Vol. 19 (1887); Zoe, No. 12 of Vol. 5; Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. 1 (1899) to 5 (1903); all in exchange for Cetonides and Longi- corns from New Guinea or other countries. Also entom, literature could be given. Address Deutsches Entom. Institut (Walther Horn), Gossler Str. 20, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.
Wanted for cash all kinds of hibern. pupae, such as P. troilus, rutulus, daunus, zolicacn, eurymedon, etc., A. orizaba, jorulla, 5. columbia, californica, C. angulifera, A. luna, E. imperialis, C. regalis, also Sphingidae, etc. Send list with prices to Max Rothke, Scranton, IPB. (IR. 1) 21D) Nic yera) is
Wanted—Living pupae or cocoons of American moths and butter- flies. Collectors communicate, Head & Co., Burniston, Nr. Scar- borough, England.
Will exchange Coleoptera of Illinois for those from other parts of the continent.—Carl Selinger, 4419 Dover St., Chicago, Ill.
Thysanoptera: A small pocket collecting outfit containing vials, brush and memo sheets, sent free to entomologists interested in collecting thrips especially in foreign countries. Dudley Moulton, 244 California Street, San Francisco, California.
RECENT LITERATURE
FOR SALE BY
THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
COLEOPTERA. 874.—Brisley (H. R.).—Notes on the Chrysomelidae of Ari- zona.!’ Clirans 8512 167=182) 925) Ae eee eee re eters ao) DIPTERA. 870.—Painter (R. H.).—A review of the genus Lepidophora (Bombyliidae). (Trans., 51, 199-127, ill, 1925)...... .20 HYMENOPTERA
869.—Bequaert (J.)—The genus Ancistrocerus (Vespidae) in North America, with a partial key to the species.
(Trans! 51576117),1925) sisaas alla es SSRs Cee 1.25 871.—Compere (H.).—A new genus and species of Aphelinidae
from China.) (lrans..0ol,) 129-1342 pls. 91925) see .20 872.—Viereck (H. L.).—A new bee of the genus Andrena [from
Nevada: )/@tiranss 512s 52S G O25) sete eee .20
$73.—Frison (J. H.).—Contribution to the classification of the Bremidae of Central and South America.. (Trans., 51,
137-165), 2 pls, 1925) - wnspoahes bee mccain sic eae ee 65 LEPIDOPTERA. 865.—Braun (A. F.).—Some undescribed microlepidoptera and motes on life histories: Clrans.. 51; 13-17. 1925) ae ee .20 867.—Coolidge (K. R.).—The life history of Danaus bernice stuigosa (Danaidde)..) Cirans..o1, 27-30) 1925) tere .20 ORTHOPTERA. 864.—Hebard (M.).—The group Taeniopodae as found in the Use (Giransars ii lal2 cols pli 1025) Ree eee .40
866.—Rehn (J. A. G.).—Notes on West Indian Dermaptera with the description of a n. sp. of Vostox. (Trans.,
Sls) 9-265 ally; 1 AOZS Dees RA ee eee cose ee .20 868.—Hebard (M.).—Records of European Acrididae, Tettigo- nidae and! 'Gryllidae, "(trans SI333-55) 1925) see eee 45
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and Mammals. Send full particulars at once. RANARA BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY CO.
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Bibliography of the North American Hemiptera~-Heteroptera
BY H. M. PARSHLEY
Professor of Zoology in Smith College Published June, 1925. 252 pages. Price &3.60 postpaid - No entomologist whose labors touch the Heteroptera at all can afford to be without this new bibliographical help.—E. P. Van Duzee.
Address orders to President’s Office, Smith College, Northampton, Mssa.
From Colombia, South America: OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING es Morpho cypris ae MOnDHO amathonte rs sulkowskyi . - Caligo spp. bi
From Cuba:
1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING j
Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali_ . 1 andraemon Erinyis guttalaris o
“ celadon . Protoparce brontes, ete. ‘e
“ — devilliersi . e From Venezuela: From New Guinea a Over 5000 Lepidoptera 2000 Coleoptera a. 200 Dynastes hercules 200 Orthoptera a
is
2
From Assam, India:
i200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING
Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis
“ philoxenus _ Brahmaea wallachi> oe
And Many Other Showy Species e
From Tibet (Bhutan) : ail
Armandia lidderdalii Parnassius hardwicki =
CATALOGUES OF —_— pore ea ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS 59 .%
ON APPLICATION. . een | If interested kindly send your Mas so = 5
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